EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1021435
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1021435_10-K_2023_0001493152-23-012363.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Introduction
hopTo, Inc., through its wholly owned subsidiary GraphOn Corporation (collectively, “we”, “us,” “our” or the “Company”), is a developer of application publishing software which includes application virtualization software and cloud computing software for multiple computer operating systems including Windows, UNIX and several Linux-based variants. Our application publishing software solutions are sold under the brand name GO-Global, which is our sole revenue source. GO-Global is an application access solution for use by independent software vendors (“ISVs”), corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions, and others who wish to take advantage of cross-platform remote access and Web-enabled access to their existing software applications, as well as those who are deploying secure, private cloud environments.
For detailed historical information on the hopTo products and technologies, please refer to our previously filed Annual Report on form 10-K which are available at www.sec.gov. Such filings are being noted for historical information only; unless expressly noted, they are not incorporated herein by reference.
Corporate Background
We are a Delaware corporation, founded in May 1996. Our headquarters are located at 189 Main St., Suite 102, Concord, NH 03301, and our phone number is 408-688-2674. We also have remote employees located in various states, as well as internationally in the United Kingdom. Our corporate Internet Website is http://www.hopTo.com. The information on our Website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports filed with or furnished to the SEC under sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are made available free of charge on our corporate Internet Website investor webpage at www.hopto.com (click on “SEC Reporting” link) as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. We may suspend our obligation to make such reports in the future.
The GO-Global Software Products
Our GO-Global product offerings, which currently are our only revenue source, can be categorized into product families as follows:
● GO-Global for Windows: Allows access to Windows-based applications from remote locations and a variety of connections, including the Internet connections. The Windows applications run on a central computer server along with GO-Global Windows Host software. This allows the applications to be accessed remotely via GO-Global Client software, or a Web browser, over many types of data connections, regardless of the bandwidth or operating system. Web-enabling is achieved without modifying the underlying application’s code or requiring costly add-ons.
● GO-Global for UNIX: Allows access to UNIX and Linux-based applications from remote locations and a variety of connections, including the Internet and connections. The UNIX/Linux applications run on a central computer server along with the GO-Global for UNIX Host software. This allows the applications to be accessed and run remotely via GO-Global Client software or a Web browser without having to modify the application’s code or requiring costly add-ons.
● GO-Global Client: We offer a range of GO-Global Client software that allows remote application access from a wide variety of local, remote and mobile platforms, including Windows, Linux, UNIX, Apple OS X and iOS, and Google Android. We plan to continue to develop GO-Global Client software for new portable and mobile devices.
Target Markets
The target market for our GO-Global products includes small to medium-sized companies, departments within large corporations, governmental and educational institutions and independent software vendors (ISVs). Our software enables these targeted organizations to move their existing applications to the public cloud and provide SaaS, or move them to a secure, private cloud environment. By using our software, organizations can give their remote users, partners and customers access to their native applications. Our software is designed to allow these organizations and enterprises to tailor the configuration of the end-user device for a particular purpose, rather than following a “one PC fits all” high-cost ownership model. We believe our opportunities are as follows:
● ISVs. By Web-enabling their applications through use of our products, we believe that our ISV customers can accelerate their time to market without the risks and delays associated with rewriting applications or using other third-party software, thereby opening up additional revenue opportunities and securing greater satisfaction and loyalty from their customers.
Our technology integrates with their existing software applications without sacrificing the full-featured look and feel of such applications, thereby providing ISVs with out-of-the-box Web-enabled applications with their own branding for licensed, volume distribution to their enterprise customers.
● Enterprises Employing Windows and Unix/Linux. Enterprises ranging from small to medium-sized companies to departments in large companies use GO-Global software to allow users to access applications from remote locations and from different client devices. We believe that our software products reduce the cost and complexity of connecting PCs to various applications.
Sales and Marketing
Our GO-Global products are primarily sold through resellers both domestically and internationally. The resellers consist of OEMs, system integrators, value-added resellers and distributors. The reseller channel acts as a sales force for our GO-Global products by creating awareness and also providing integration and support services for our current and potential customers. We support our existing reseller channel and seek to grow our reseller partners through direct marketing activities that include digital marketing, promotional materials, direct response and maintaining an active Web presence for marketing and sale purposes.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had two resellers that represented more than 23.8% and 10% of sales and four resellers that represented 18.5%, 18.3%, 17.4%, and 16.0% of accounts receivable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had one reseller that represented more than 27.8% of sales and three resellers that represented 51.5%, 15.0%, and 11.9% of accounts receivable, respectively. For the purposes of this description, “sales” refers to the dollar value of orders received from these customers and partners in the period indicated. The sales values do not necessarily equal recognized revenue for these periods due to our revenue recognition policies which require deferral of revenue associated with prepaid software service fees.
Operations
We perform all purchasing, order processing and shipping of products and accounting functions related to our operations. We generally ship products and fulfill orders electronically so we do not maintain any prepackaged inventory. Additionally, we have relatively little backlog at any given time; thus, we do not consider backlog a significant indicator of future performance.
Competition
The software markets in which we participate are highly competitive. Competitive factors in our market space include price, product quality, functionality, product differentiation and the breadth and variety of product offerings and product features. We believe that our products offer certain advantages over our competitors, particularly in product performance and market positioning.
GO-Global competes with developers of conventional server-based software for the individual PC, as well as with other companies in the cloud computing software market and the application virtualization software market. We believe our principal competitors in the cloud computing software market include Citrix Systems, Inc., OpenText Communications, Ltd. and Microsoft Corporation. Citrix is an established leading vendor of virtualization software, OpenText is an established market leader for remote access to UNIX applications and Microsoft is an established leading vendor of Windows operating systems and services for servers.
Employees
As of March 31, 2023, we had a full-time equivalent of 14.5 total employees, including 4 in marketing, sales and support, 8.5 in research and development (which is inclusive of employees who may also perform customer service related activities), 2 in administration and finance. We believe our relationship with our employees is good. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Recent Developments
The Company does not have recent developments.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The risks and uncertainties described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. The risk factors described below include the considerable risks associated with the current economic environment and the related potential adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations. You should read these risk factors in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in Item 8. There also may be other factors that we cannot anticipate or that are not described in this report generally because we do not currently perceive them to be material. Those factors could cause results to differ materially from our expectations.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have a history of operating and net losses.
We have experienced significant operating and net losses since we began operations. After years of losses, we had net income for 2021 of $1,052,200 and 2022 of $123,000; however, such improvement in our financial performance could reverse if our GO-Global business, our only source of revenue, declines or if we are unable to maintain control over our expenses. Income from each year was partially a result of unique one-time transactions that are not expecting to continue.
The coronavirus pandemic could adversely affect our results of operations.
The recent coronavirus pandemic throughout the United States and the world has resulted in the United States and other countries halting or sharply curtailing the movement of people, goods and services. All of this has caused extended shutdowns of businesses and the prolonged economic impact remains uncertain. At this point, we believe the conditions will have a material adverse effect on our business but given the rapidly changing developments we cannot accurately predict what effects these conditions will have on our business, which will depend on, among other factors, the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the duration of the outbreak and travel restrictions and business closures imposed by the United States and various other governments.
Our revenue is typically generated from a limited number of resellers.
A material portion of our revenue, all of which is currently derived from our GO-Global products, during any reporting period is typically generated from a limited number of resellers in certain countries or geographic regions, all of which are unrelated third parties. We are seeking to expand the number of resellers of our GO-Global products to grow our revenues and diversify our revenue geographically. However, our inability to expand the number of resellers and/or a reduction in the orders from our current resellers could materially adversely impact our revenues.
If we are unable to develop new products and enhancements to our existing products, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted.
The market for our products and services is characterized by:
● frequent new product and service introductions and enhancements;
● rapid technological change;
● evolving industry standards;
● fluctuations in customer demand; and
● changes in customer requirements.
Our future success depends on our ability to continually enhance our current products and develop and introduce new features and capabilities that our customers choose to buy. If we are unable to satisfy our customers’ demands and remain competitive with other products that could satisfy their needs by introducing new features, capabilities and enhancements, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted. Our future success could be hindered by, among other factors:
● the amount of cash we have available to fund investment in new products and enhancements;
● the reduced level of research and development resources that we have available in the Company to perform the work necessary to develop new features and capabilities
● delays in our introduction of new features, capabilities and/or enhancements of existing products;
● disruptions in our operations or customer relations due to the coronavirus pandemic;
● delays in market acceptance of new products and/or enhancements of existing products; and
● a competitor’s announcement of new products and/or product enhancements or technologies that could replace or shorten the life cycle of our existing products.
For example, sales of our GO-Global software could be affected by the announcement from Microsoft of an intended release, and the subsequent actual release, of a new Windows-based operating system, or an upgrade to a previously released Windows-based operating system version. These new or upgraded systems may contain similar features to our products or they could contain architectural changes that would temporarily prevent our products from functioning properly within a Windows-based operating system environment.
We are subject to various liquidity risks.
We have incurred significant net losses since our inception. As of December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $78,065,500 and a working capital of $4,307,400. Our ability to continue to generate net profits and positive cash flows from operations is dependent on our ability to continue to generate revenue from our legacy GO-Global business, which in turn is subject to a variety of risks, some of which are described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As a small company, we have limited ability to deploy new revenue increasing opportunities, and limited flexibility to respond to unforeseen adverse developments, such as customer losses, adverse market developments or unanticipated expenses. Although our current operating plan does not call for the raising of new capital, if we need to raise new capital, our ability to do so is extremely limited given our small market capitalization and the limited volume in the trading of our common stock.
If we do need to issue new equity, such issuances may be at a significant discount to market prices, would dilute existing stockholders and may give the purchasers of new capital stock additional rights, preferences and privileges relative to existing stockholders. There can be no assurance that additional capital necessary for any execution of our operations will be available on a timely basis, on reasonable terms or at all.
Challenges to develop new business may reverse the improvements in our finances.
Our management believes that any significant improvement in our cash flow must result from increases in revenues from existing sources and from new revenue sources. Our ability to develop new revenues depends on many factors not in our control, or only partially in its control, including available capital resources which affect the extent of our marketing activities and our research and development activities, all of which are limited by our small size and revenue base. We cannot assure you that the resources that we can devote to marketing and to research and development will be sufficient to increase its revenues to levels that will enable us to maintain positive operating cash flow in the future.
Sales of products within our GO-Global product families are likely to be our only source of revenue during 2023.
Sales of products within our GO-Global product families, and related enhancements, were our only source of revenue during 2022 and will continue to be our only source of revenue during 2023. The success, if any, of our new GO-Global releases may depend on a number of factors, including market acceptance of the new GO-Global releases and our ability to manage the risks associated with introducing such releases. Declines in demand for our GO-Global products could occur as a result of, among other factors:
● lack of success with our strategic partners;
● new competitive product releases and updates to existing competitive products;
● decreasing or stagnant information technology spending levels;
● price competition;
● technological changes;
● disruptions in our operations or customer relations due to the coronavirus pandemic; or
● general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate.
If our customers do not continue to purchase GO-Global products as a result of these or other factors, our revenue would decrease and our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows would be adversely affected.
Our operating results in one or more future periods are likely to fluctuate significantly and may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of investors.
Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future on a quarterly and annual basis due to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. Factors that could cause our operating results and therefore our revenues to fluctuate include the following, among other factors:
● variations in the size of orders by our customers;
● increased competition;
● disruptions in our operations or customer relations due to the coronavirus pandemic; and
● the proportion of overall revenues derived from different sales channels such as distributors, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and others.
In addition, our license revenues are impacted by fluctuations in OEM licensing activity from quarter to quarter, which may involve one-time orders from non-recurring customers, or customers who order infrequently. Our expense levels are based, in part, on expected future orders and sales; therefore, if orders and sales levels are below expectations, our operating results are likely to be materially adversely affected. Additionally, because significant portions of our expenses are fixed, a reduction in sales levels may disproportionately affect our net financial results. Also, we may reduce prices and/or increase spending in response to competition or to pursue new market opportunities. Because of these factors, our operating results in one or more future periods may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of investors. In that event, the trading price of our common stock would likely be adversely affected.
We will encounter challenges in recruiting, hiring and retaining new personnel and/or replacements for any members of key management or other personnel who depart.
Our success and business strategy is dependent in large part on our ability to attract and retain key management and other personnel in certain areas of our business. If any of these employees were to leave, we would need to attract and retain replacements for them. We have lost employees, including at the officer level and in our new products engineering group, in the past. Without a successful replacement, the loss of the services of one or more key members of our management group and other key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We do not have long-term employment agreements with any of our key personnel and any officer or other employee can terminate their relationship with us at any time. We may also need to add key personnel in the future in order to successfully implement our business strategies. The market for such qualified personnel is highly competitive and it includes other potential employers whose financial resources for such qualified personnel are more substantial than ours. Consequently, we could find it difficult to attract, assimilate or retain such qualified personnel in sufficient numbers to successfully implement our business strategies.
We have sought to match our expenses structure with business opportunities, but this creates risks. We rely on the considerable expertise of our Board of Directors and the moderate use of professional advisors. This arrangement limits our ability to respond to challenges and develop opportunities. Should we revise our approach to management by hiring additional resources, this too, can create risks to the cost savings we have achieved, if any anticipated business opportunities are not realized.
Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights may adversely affect us.
Our commercial success is dependent, in large part, upon our ability to protect our proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright and trademark laws, as well as trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and other contractual provisions to protect our proprietary rights. These measures afford only limited protection. We cannot assure you that measures we have taken or may take in the future will be adequate to protect us from misappropriation or infringement of our intellectual property. Despite our efforts to protect proprietary rights, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of our products or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property or other proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the existence of any proprietary rights will prevent the development of competitive products. The infringement upon, or loss of, any proprietary rights, or the development of competitive products despite such proprietary rights, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our business significantly benefits from strategic relationships and there can be no assurance that such relationships will continue in the future.
Our business and strategy rely to a significant extent on our strategic relationships with other companies. There is no assurance that we will be able to maintain or further develop any of these relationships or to replace them in the event any of these relationships are terminated. In addition, any failure to renew or extend any license between any third party and us may adversely affect our business.
We rely on indirect distribution channels for our products and may not be able to retain existing reseller relationships or develop new reseller relationships.
Our GO-Global products are primarily sold through several distribution channels. An integral part of our strategy is to strengthen our relationships with resellers such as OEMs, systems integrators, value-added resellers s, distributors and other vendors to encourage these parties to recommend or distribute our products and to add resellers both domestically and internationally. We currently invest, and intend to continue to invest, significant resources to expand our sales and marketing capabilities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and/or retain resellers to market our products effectively. Our inability to attract resellers and the loss of any current reseller relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. Additionally, we cannot assure you that resellers will devote enough resources to provide effective sales and marketing support to our products.
The markets in which we participate are highly competitive and have more established competitors.
The markets we participate in with GO-Global are intensely competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to continuous technological changes. We expect competition to increase in each of these markets as other companies introduce additional competitive products. In order to compete effectively, we must continually develop and market new and enhanced products and market those products at competitive prices. As markets for our products continue to develop, additional companies, including companies in the computer hardware, software and networking industries with significant market presence, may enter the markets in which we compete and further intensify competition. A number of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and significantly greater financial, sales, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. We cannot give any assurance that our competitors will not develop and market competitive products that will offer superior price or performance features, or that new competitors will not enter our markets and offer such products. We believe that we will need to invest significant financial resources in research and development to remain competitive in the future in each of the markets in which we compete. Such financial resources may not be available to us at the time or times that we need them, or upon terms acceptable to us, or at all. We cannot assure you that we will be able to establish and maintain a significant market position in the face of our competition and our failure to do so would adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Our stock is thinly traded and its price has been historically volatile.
Our stock is thinly traded. As such, holders of our stock are subject to a high risk of illiquidity, e.g., you may not be able to sell as many shares at the price you would like, or you may not be able to purchase as many shares at the price you would like, due to the low average daily trading volume of our stock. Additionally, the market price of our stock has historically been volatile; it has fluctuated significantly to date. The trading price of our stock is likely to continue to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Your investment in our stock could lose some or all of its value.
Future sales of our common stock could adversely affect its price and our future capital-raising activities, and could involve the issuance of additional equity securities, which would dilute current stockholder investments in our common stock and could result in lowering the trading price of our common stock.
We may sell securities in the public or private equity markets if and when conditions are favorable. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock and our ability to raise capital. We may issue additional common stock in future financing transactions or as incentive compensation for our management team and other key personnel, consultants and advisors. Issuing any equity securities would be dilutive to the equity interests represented by our then-outstanding shares of common stock. The market price for our common stock could decrease as the market takes into account the dilutive effect of any of these issuances. Furthermore, we may enter into financing transactions and issue securities with rights and preferences senior to the rights and preferences of our common stock, and we may issue securities at prices that represent a substantial discount to the market price of our common stock. A negative reaction by investors and securities analysts to any discounted sale of our equity securities could result in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.
We may make acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute our stockholders, and seriously harm our business.
As part of our business strategy, we intend to make acquisitions in the future (although we do not currently have any probable acquisitions). Our ability to acquire and successfully integrate larger or more complex companies, products, and technologies is unproven. In the future, we may not be able to find other suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, if we fail to successfully close transactions or integrate new teams, or integrate the products and technologies associated with these acquisitions into our company, our business could be seriously harmed. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not successfully evaluate or use the acquired products, technology, and personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may also incur unanticipated liabilities that we assume as a result of acquiring companies. We may have to pay cash, incur debt, or issue equity securities to pay for any acquisition, any of which could seriously harm our business. Selling equity to finance any such acquisitions would also dilute our stockholders. Incurring debt would increase our fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.
In addition, on average, it is difficult to finalize the purchase price allocation and accounting. Therefore, it is possible that our valuation of an acquisition may change and result in unanticipated write-offs or charges, impairment of our goodwill, or a material change to the fair value of the assets and liabilities associated with a particular acquisition, any of which could seriously harm our business.
We are not likely to have the capital to acquire large businesses. Therefore, the businesses we acquire may require significant investment in corporate infrastructure, repositioning, incremental sales, marketing or product development.
Our acquisition strategy may not succeed if we are unable to remain attractive to target companies or expeditiously close transactions.
We have a significant number of outstanding warrants and options, and future sales of these shares could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
As of December 31, 2022, we had outstanding warrants for an aggregate of 248,216 shares of common stock, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2022, we had no outstanding options exercisable. The holders may sell these shares exercisable under warrants or options in the public markets from time to time. In addition, if our stock price rises, more outstanding warrants and options will be “in-the-money” and the holders may exercise their warrants and options and sell a large number of shares. This could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Our common stock is quoted on the FINRA OTC Bulletin Board, which may have an unfavorable impact on our stock price and liquidity.
Our common stock is currently quoted under the symbol “HPTO” on the OTC Bulletin Board market (“OTCBB”) operated by FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority) and on the OTC Markets Group QB PINK (“OTC PINK”). Neither the OTCBB nor the OTC PINK is a “national securities exchange,” and in general, each is a significantly more limited market than the markets operated by the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. The quotation of our shares on the OTCBB and the OTC PINK could result in a less liquid market being available for existing and potential stockholders to trade shares of our common stock, which could depress the trading price of our common stock and have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future. Because of the limited trading market for our common stock, and because of the significant price volatility, investors may not be able to sell their shares of common stock when they want to do so. We may not support any continued trading market for our shares.
Our stock may lose access to a viable trading market.
Given the increasing cost and resource demands of being a public company, we may decide to “go dark,” or discontinue our obligation to make periodic filings with the SEC, by deregistering our securities, for a period of time until our assets and stockholder base are sufficient to warrant public trading again. During such time, there would be a substantial decrease in disclosure by us of our operations and prospects, and a substantial decrease in the liquidity in our common stock even though stockholders may still continue to trade our common stock in the OTC market or “pink sheets.” The market’s interpretation of a company’s motivation for “going dark” varies from cost savings, to negative changes in the firm’s prospects, to serving insider interests, which may affect the overall price and liquidity of a company’s securities.
We have never paid dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock, nor do we anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the operations and expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the earnings, financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors as deemed necessary by our Board of Directors.
FINRA’s sales practice requirements may also limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.
FINRA has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA’s requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our stock and have an adverse effect on the market for our shares.
Provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws and our Rights Agreement may prevent or discourage third parties or our stockholders from attempting to replace our management or influencing significant decisions.
Provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Second Amended and Restated Bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or our management, even if doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions include, but are not limited to, authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval and limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders and providing that stockholders cannot take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting. In addition, our Rights Agreement, entered into by us and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (as rights agent) on February 16, 2018, as amended on November 2, 2018 and February 16, 2021 (collectively, the “Rights Agreement”), works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group (including a group of persons that are acting in concert with each other) that acquires five percent (5%) or more of our common stock without the approval of our board of directors. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the rights thereunder may be to render more difficult or discourage a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving that is not approved by our board of directors. The Rights Agreement is not intended to interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by our board of directors. Nor does the Rights Agreement prevent the Board from considering any offer that it considers to be in the best interest of its stockholders. The Rights Agreement expired at or prior to the earlier of (i) February 16, 2031 or (ii) the redemption or exchange of the rights thereunder, as provided for in the Rights Agreement. Together, these charter and contractual arrangements could make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our common stock.
Anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.
Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:
● authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;
● limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;
● limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings and to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting;
● requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors;
● controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of board of directors and stockholder meetings;
● providing our board of directors with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled special meetings;
● limiting the determination of the number of directors on our board of directors and the filling of vacancies or newly created seats on the board to our board of directors then in office; and
● requiring a supermajority of two-thirds of stockholders to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation or to amend our bylaws.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control of our company or changes in our management.
As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters currently occupies approximately 1,548 square feet of office space in Concord, New Hampshire, under a three-year lease arrangement for a monthly payment of $2,500 per month, which can be cancelled at any time by either party with a six-month advance notice.
We have certain employees who work remotely in various states. We believe our current facilities will be adequate to accommodate our needs for the foreseeable future.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings that we believe would reasonably be expected to have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine safety disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Since March 27, 2003 our common stock has been quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “HPTO.”
On March 31, 2023 there were approximately 47 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock, nor do we anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the operations and expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the earnings, financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors as deemed necessary by the Board of Directors.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction
We are developers of application publishing software which includes application virtualization software and cloud computing software for multiple computer operating systems including Windows, UNIX and several Linux-based variants. Our application publishing software solutions are sold under the brand name GO-Global, which is our sole revenue source at this time. GO-Global is an application access solution for use and/or resale by independent software vendors (“ISVs”), corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions, and others who wish to take advantage of cross-platform remote access and Web-enabled access to their existing software applications, as well as those who are deploying secure, private cloud environments.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes provided in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of hopTo Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we”, “us”, “our”, or “Company”); significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include: the amount of stock-based compensation expense; the allowance for doubtful accounts; the estimated lives of property of equipment, valuation and amortization of intangible assets (including capitalized software); depreciation of long-lived assets; valuation of warrants; post-employment benefits; and accruals for liabilities, deferred rent, and taxes. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Company markets and licenses its products indirectly through channel distributors, independent software vendors (“ISVs”), value-added resellers, hosting service providers, corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions and others. Our product licenses are perpetual. We also separately sell intellectual property licenses, maintenance contracts, which are comprised of license updates and customer service access, as well as other products and services.
There are no rights of return granted to purchasers of the Company’s software products.
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Revenues under ASC 606 are recognized when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, revenue recognition was determined by
● identifying the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
● identifying the performance obligations in each contract;
● determine the transaction price;
● allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in each contract; and
● recognizing revenue when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services
When control of the promised products and services are transferred to our customers, we recognize revenue in the amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these products and services.
Product Sales
All of our licenses are delivered to the customer electronically. The Company sends the license key to the customer to download the related software from Company portal. We recognize revenue upon delivery of these licenses. For stocking resellers who purchase licenses through inventory stocking orders with the intent to resell to an end-user, revenue is recognized when the resellers’ accounts have been credited, at their discretion, for the number of licenses purchased.
Maintenance revenue is also recognized from service contracts ratably over the related contract period.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid holdings with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables. The allowance is based on assessments of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the general aging and size of the accounts receivable. We regularly review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts by considering such factors as historical experience, credit worthiness, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. We specifically reserve for those accounts deemed uncollectible. We also establish, and adjust, a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on our review of the aging and size of our accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $5,600 and $7,000, respectively.
Software Development Costs
Under the criteria set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 985-20, “Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed,” development costs incurred in the research and development of new software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility, in the form of a working model, has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. The Company did not capitalize any software development costs during 2022 or 2021. The Company makes ongoing evaluations of the recoverability of its capitalized software projects by comparing the net amount capitalized for each product to the estimated net realizable value of the product. If such evaluations indicate that the unamortized software development costs exceed the net realizable value, the Company writes off the amount by which the unamortized software development costs exceed net realizable value.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are assessed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, whenever we have committed to a plan to dispose of the assets or, at a minimum, annually. Typically, for long-lived assets to be held and used, measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of such assets, with fair value being determined based on appraisals, current market value, comparable sales value, and discounted future cash flows, among other variables, as appropriate. Assets to be held and used (which assets are affected by an impairment loss) are depreciated or amortized at their new carrying amount over their remaining estimated life; assets to be sold or otherwise disposed of are not subject to further depreciation or amortization. No such impairment charge was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash and trade receivables. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $4,787,300 of cash with financial institutions in excess of FDIC insurance limits.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had two resellers that represented more than 23.8% and 10% of sales and four resellers that represented 18.5%, 18.3%, 17.4%, and 16.0% of accounts receivable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had one reseller that represented more than 27.8% of sales and three resellers that represented 51.5%, 15.0%, and 11.9% of accounts receivable, respectively. For the purposes of this description, “sales” refers to the dollar value of orders received from these customers and partners in the period indicated. The sales values do not necessarily equal recognized revenue for these periods due to our revenue recognition policies which require deferral of revenue associated with prepaid software service fees.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
In accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” the basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects per share amounts that would have resulted if diluted potential common stock had been converted to common stock. Dilutive common share equivalents as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, representing 248,216 outstanding in-the-money warrants, were included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share using the Treasury Stock Method. During the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had total common stock equivalents of 0 and 4,946 shares, respectively, which excluded from the computation of net income per share because they are anti-dilutive.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due to the nature of the accounts and their short-term maturities.
Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
The following is a comparison of the results of our operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
For the Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
Revenues:
Software licenses 621,800 737,800
Software service fees 3,202,900 2,788,500
Other 83,900 86,400
Total Revenue 3,908,600 3,612,700
Cost of Revenue:
Software service costs 51,400 54,000
Software product costs 186,400 112,500
Total cost of revenue 237,800 166,500
Gross profit $ 3,670,800 $ 3,446,200
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing 926,000 606,600
General and administrative 1,002,400 748,800
Research and development 1,524,800 1,435,400
Total operating expenses 3,453,200 2,790,800
Income from operations 217,600 655,400
Other income (loss):
Interest & Other Income 4,300 269,800
Unrealized gain (loss) (98,900 ) 127,000
Other income (loss) (94,600 ) 396,800
Income before provision for income taxes 123,000 1,052,200
Provision for income taxes - -
Net income $ 123,000 $ 1,052,200
Net income per share, basic $ 0.01 $ 0.06
Net income per share, diluted $ 0.01 $ 0.06
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic 18,848,841 18,850,675
Diluted 19,091,415 19,092,837
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
Revenues
Our software revenue is entirely related to our GO-Global product line, and historically has been primarily derived from product licensing fees and service fees from maintenance contracts. The majority of this revenue has been earned, and continues to be earned, from a limited number of significant customers, most of whom are resellers. some of our resellers purchase software licenses that they hold in inventory until they are resold to the ultimate end user (a “stocking reseller”).
When a software license is sold directly to an end user by us, or by one of our resellers who does not stock licenses into inventory, revenue is recognized immediately upon shipment, assuming all other criteria for revenue recognition are met. Consequently, if any significant end user customer substantially changes its order level, or fails to order during the reporting period, whether the order is placed directly with us or through one of our non-stocking resellers, our software licenses revenue could be materially impacted.
The following is a summary of our revenues by category for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
For the Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
$ Change % Change
Revenue
Software Licenses
Windows $ 591,500 $ 673,400 $ (81,900 ) -12.2 %
UNIX/Linux 30,300 64,400 (34,100 ) -53.0 %
Total 621,800 737,800 (116,000 ) -15.7 %
Software Service Fees
Windows 3,078,600 2,604,700 473,900 18.2 %
UNIX/Linux 124,300 183,800 (59,500 ) -32.4 %
Total 3,202,900 2,788,500 414,400 14.9 %
Other 83,900 86,400 (2,500 ) -2.9 %
Total $ 3,908,600 $ 3,612,700 $ 295,900 8.2 %
Software Licenses
Windows software licenses revenue decreased by $81,900 or 12.2% to $591,500 during the year ended December 31, 2022, from $673,400 as compared to 2021.
The decrease for year ended December 31,2022 was due to lower license orders from standard licenses, offset by increase of stocking orders.
Software licenses revenue from our UNIX/Linux products decreased by $34,100 or 53.0% to $30,300 during the year ended December 31, 2022 from $64,400 as compared to 2021. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue from standard order licenses as we continue to focus primarily on our Windows products.
Software Service Fees
Service fees attributable to our Windows product service increased by $473,900 or 18.2% to $3,078,600 during the year ended December 31, 2022, from $2,604,700 as compared to 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher subscription revenue and higher revenue recognized from deferred maintenance support fees.
Service fees revenue attributable to our UNIX products decreased by $59,500 or 32.4% to $124,300 during the year ended December 31, 2022, from $183,800 as compared to 2021.
The decrease was primarily the result of the lower level of UNIX product sales throughout the prior year and an expiration of a long-term maintenance contract.
Other
Other revenue consists of private labeling fees, professional services, and non-recurring revenues. Other revenue decreased by $2,500 or 2.9% to $83,900 for the year ended December 31, 2022, from $86,400 compared to 2021.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenue is comprised primarily of software service costs, which represent the costs of customer service. Also included in cost of revenue are software product costs, which are primarily comprised of the amortization of capitalized software development costs and costs associated with licenses to third party software included in our product offerings, and the required import tax withholdings from Brazil resellers. We incur no significant shipping or packaging costs as virtually all of our deliveries are made via electronic means over the Internet.
Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $71,300, or 42.8%, to $237,800 as compared to $166,500 for 2021. Cost of revenue represented 6.1% and 4.6% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The primarily increase was due to increase import tax withholdings associated with higher revenue from Brazil resellers for the period ended December 31, 2022.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses primarily consisted of employee, outside services and travel and entertainment expenses.
Selling and marketing expenses increased by $319,400, or 52.7%, to $926,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $606,600 as compared to 2021. Selling and marketing expenses represented approximately 23.7% and 16.8% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in selling and marketing expenses was due to an increase and increase in employee related expenses and consulting services as we continue to expand our sales and marketing initiatives.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee costs, depreciation and amortization, legal, accounting, other professional services, rent, travel and entertainment and insurance. Certain costs associated with being a publicly held corporation are also included in general and administrative expenses, as well as bad debt expense.
General and administrative expenses increased by $253,600, or 33.9%, to $1,002,400 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 748,800 as compared to 2021.
The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily due to increase of employee related fees and board of director fees paid that were not paid in the prior year period.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee costs, payments to contract programmers, software subscriptions, travel and entertainment for our engineers, and all rent for our leased engineering facilities.
Research and development expenses increased by $89,400, or 6.2% to $1,524,800 for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $1,435,400 as compared to 2021. The increase in research and development expense was primarily due to increase in wages and software subscriptions.
Other Income
Other income decreased by $491,400 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily related to income from the sale of certain patents and unrealized gain of marketable securities during the prior year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash of $5,037,300 and a working capital of $4,307,400 as compared to cash of $4,755,300 and a working capital of $4,316,500 as of December 31, 2021. The increase in cash as of December 31, 2022 was primarily the result of cash inflow from operations, net of outflows related to investment and finance activities. We expect our results from operations and capital resources will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of the filing of this annual report on Form 10-K.
The following is a summary of our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
For the Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
Cash flows provided by operating activities $ 292,100 $ 410,600
Cash flows used in investing activities $ - $ (30,600 )
Cash flows used in financing activities $ (10,100 ) $ -
During the year ended December 31, 2022, our operating cash flow was $292,100 while net cash flows provided for year ending December 31, 2021 was $410,600. The decrease was primarily the result increase in prepaid expenses, offset by decrease in accounts receivable and unrealized loss from marketable securities During the year ended December 31, 2021, our operating cash flow of $410,600 was primarily the result of increase in accounts receivable and non-operating gains from sale of patent and unrealized gain from marketable securities.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any cashflow in investing activities. During the year ended December 31, 2021, our investing cashflow of $30,600 was primarily the result net proceeds from sale of patent, offset by purchase of marketable securities.
During the year December 31, 2022, we had financing cashflow of $10,100 due to the purchase of hopTo treasury stock. For the same periods end 2021, we did not have cash flow activity relating to financing activities.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms (PCAOB ID: 3501)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of hopTo, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of hopTo, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
/s/ dbbmckennon
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
Newport Beach, California
April 14, 2023
hopTo Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, December 31,
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,037,300 $ 4,755,300
Marketable Securities 318,700 417,600
Accounts receivable, net 511,200 558,600
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 102,600 52,700
Total current assets 5,969,800 5,784,200
Right-of-use assets 51,600 -
Property and equipment, net 5,300 8,200
Other assets 22,900 17,800
Total assets $ 6,049,600 $ 5,810,200
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 234,200 $ 260,800
Accrued expenses 61,800 64,200
Accrued wages 150,000 108,900
Lease liability - current 10,300 -
Deferred revenue - current 1,206,100 1,033,800
Total current liabilities 1,662,400 1,467,700
Long-term liabilities
Lease liability 40,900 -
Deferred revenue 264,800 373,900
Total liabilities 1,968,100 1,841,600
Commitments and contingencies - -
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 or 2021 - -
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 195,000,000 shares authorized, 18,826,342 and 18,850,675 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively 1,900 1,900
Additional paid-in capital 82,145,100 82,155,200
Accumulated deficit (78,065,500 ) (78,188,500 )
Total stockholders’ equity 4,081,500 3,968,600
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 6,049,600 $ 5,810,200
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
hopTo Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
Revenues:
Software licenses 621,800 737,800
Software service fees 3,202,900 2,788,500
Other 83,900 86,400
Total Revenue 3,908,600 3,612,700
Cost of Revenue:
Software service costs 51,400 54,000
Software product costs 186,400 112,500
Total cost of revenue 237,800 166,500
Gross profit $ 3,670,800 $ 3,446,200
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing 926,000 606,600
General and administrative 1,002,400 748,800
Research and development 1,524,800 1,435,400
Total operating expenses 3,453,200 2,790,800
Income from operations 217,600 655,400
Other income (loss):
Interest & Other Income 4,300 269,800
Unrealized gain (loss) (98,900 ) 127,000
Other income (loss) (94,600 ) 396,800
Income before provision for income taxes 123,000 1,052,200
Provision for income taxes - -
Net income $ 123,000 $ 1,052,200
Net income per share, basic $ 0.01 $ 0.06
Net income per share, diluted $ 0.01 $ 0.06
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic 18,848,841 18,850,675
Diluted 19,091,415 19,092,837
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
hopTo Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Shares Amount Capital Deficit Total
Common Stock Additional Paid-In Accumulated
Shares Amount Capital Deficit Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 18,850,675 $ 1,900 $ 82,155,200 $ (79,240,700 ) $ 2,916,400
Balance, value 18,850,675 $ 1,900 $ 82,155,200 $ (79,240,700 ) $ 2,916,400
Net income - - - 1,052,200 1,052,200
Balance at December 31, 2021 18,850,675 $ 1,900 $ 82,155,200 $ (78,188,500 ) $ 3,968,600
Balance, value 18,850,675 $ 1,900 $ 82,155,200 $ (78,188,500 ) $ 3,968,600
Purchase of hopTo treasury stock (24,333 )
(10,100 )
(10,100 )
Net income - - - 123,000 123,000
Balance at December 31, 2022 18,826,342 $ 1,900 $ 82,145,100 $ (78,065,500 ) $ 4,081,500
Balance, value 18,826,342 $ 1,900 $ 82,145,100 $ (78,065,500 ) $ 4,081,500
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
hopTo Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended
December 31, December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income $ 123,000 $ 1,052,200
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 2,900 1,600
Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts (1,400 ) 1,100
Gain on sale of patents - (269,800 )
Unrealized (gain)/ loss from short-term investment 98,800 (127,000 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 48,800 (142,400 )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (55,000 ) (4,200 )
Accounts payable (26,500 ) 9,800
Accrued expenses (2,800 ) (17,800 )
Accrued wages 41,100 (32,700 )
Deferred revenue 63,200 (60,200 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 292,100 410,600
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of marketable securities - (290,600 )
Proceeds from sale of patents - 269,800
Purchase of property and equipment - (9,800 )
Net cash used in investing activities - (30,600 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Purchase of hopTo treasury stock (10,100 ) -
Net cash used in financing activities (10,100 ) -
Net change in cash 282,000 380,000
Cash, beginning of the year 4,755,300 4,375,300
Cash, end of the year $ 5,037,300 $ 4,755,300
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
hopTo Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization
hopTo Inc., a Delaware corporation, through its wholly-owned subsidiary GraphOn Corporation (collectively, “we”, “us,” “our” or the “Company”) are developers of application publishing software which includes application virtualization software and cloud computing software for multiple computer operating systems including Windows, UNIX and several Linux-based variants.
The Company sells a family of products under the brand name GO-Global, which is a software application publishing business and is the Company’s sole revenue source at this time. GO-Global is an application access solution for use and/or resale by independent software vendors, corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions, and others, who wish to take advantage of cross-platform remote access and Web-enabled access to their existing software applications, as well as those who are deploying secure, private cloud environments.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of hopTo Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) applicable to financial information and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Amounts could materially change in the future. These estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts and timing of revenue recognized over time. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Liquidity
The Company has incurred significant net losses since inception. As of December 31, 2022, we had working capital of $4,307,400, which includes deferred revenue of $1,206,100. Our ability to continue to generate net income and positive cash flows from operations is dependent on our ability to continue to generate revenue from our legacy GO-Global business, which in turn is subject to a variety of risks. The Company believes its current cash balances coupled with anticipated cash flow from operating activities will be sufficient to meet its working capital requirements for at least one year from the date of the issuance of the accompanying financial statements. The Company continues to control its cash expenses as a percentage of expected revenue on an annual basis and thus may use its cash balances in the short-term to invest in revenue growth. Based on current internal projections, the Company believes it has and/or will generate sufficient cash for its operational needs, for at least one year from the date of issuance of the accompanying financial statements. Management is focused on growing the Company’s existing product offering, as well as its customer base, to increase its revenues. The Company cannot give assurance that it can increase its cash balances or limit its cash consumption and thus maintain sufficient cash balances for its planned operations or future acquisitions. Future business demands may lead to cash utilization at levels greater than recently experienced. The Company may need to raise additional capital in the future. However, the Company cannot assure that it will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all.
Revenue Recognition
The Company markets and licenses its products indirectly through channel distributors, value-added resellers, independent software vendors (“ISVs”), hosting service providers, corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions and others. Our product licenses are perpetual. We also separately sell intellectual property licenses, maintenance contracts, which are comprised of license updates and customer service access, as well as other products and services.
There are no rights of return granted to purchasers of the Company’s software products.
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Revenues under ASC 606 are recognized when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, revenue recognition was determined by
● identifying the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
● identifying the performance obligations in each contract;
● determine the transaction price;
● allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in each contract; and
● recognizing revenue when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services
When control of the promised products and services are transferred to our customers, we recognize revenue in the amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these products and services.
Product Sales
All of our licenses are delivered to the customer electronically. The Company sends the license key to the customer to download the related software from Company portal. We recognize revenue upon delivery of these licenses. For stocking resellers who purchase licenses through inventory stocking orders with the intent to resell to an end-user, revenue is recognized when the resellers’ accounts have been credited, at their discretion, for the number of licenses purchased.
Maintenance revenue was also recognized from service contracts ratably over the related contract period.
The Company operates in one reportable segment. The Company’s product sales by geographic area are presented in Note 6.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid holdings with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables. The allowance is based on assessments of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the general aging and size of the accounts receivable. We regularly review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts by considering such factors as historical experience, credit worthiness, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. We specifically reserve for those accounts deemed uncollectible. We also establish, and adjust, a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on our review of the aging and size of our accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $5,600 and $7,000, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are assessed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, whenever we have committed to a plan to dispose of the assets or, at a minimum, annually. Typically, for long-lived assets to be held and used, measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of such assets, with fair value being determined based on appraisals, current market value, comparable sales value, and discounted future cash flows, among other variables, as appropriate. Assets to be held and used (which assets are affected by an impairment loss) are depreciated or amortized at their new carrying amount over their remaining estimated life; assets to be sold or otherwise disposed of are not subject to further depreciation or amortization. No such impairment charge was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Right-of-use Assets (ROU) and Lease Liabilities
On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which establishes ASC 842 and supersedes the lease accounting guidance under ASC 840. The standard generally requires lessees to recognize operating and finance lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets on the balance sheet and provide enhanced disclosures on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from lease arrangements. The Company adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company elected the package of practical expedients available for existing contracts, which allowed the Company to carry forward our historical assessments of lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. The Company also elected a policy to not apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 for short-term leases with a term of 12 months of less
As of January 1, 2022, the effective date, the Company identified one operating lease arrangement relating to the Company’s headquarters facility. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in a recognition of an ROU asset and lease liability of $73,800 on the Company’s balance sheet relating to the leases as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows.
Schedule of Operating Lease
December 31,
December 31,
Operating lease:
Operating lease right-of-use asset $ 51,600 $ -
Operating lease liability, current portion $ 10,300 $ -
Operating lease liability, net of current portion 40,900 -
Total operating lease liabilities $ 51,200 $ -
Weighted-average remaining lease term 1.7 years
weighted-average discount rate 0.41 %
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to seven years. The Company recorded depreciation of $2,900 and $1,600 during 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Software Development Costs
Under the criteria set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 985-20, “Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed,” development costs incurred in the research and development of new software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility, in the form of a working model, has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. The Company did not capitalize any software development costs during 2022 or 2021. The Company makes ongoing evaluations of the recoverability of its capitalized software projects by comparing the net amount capitalized for each product to the estimated net realizable value of the product. If such evaluations indicate that the unamortized software development costs exceed the net realizable value, the Company writes off the amount by which the unamortized software development costs exceed net realizable value.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash and trade receivables. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had cash with financial institutions in excess of FDIC insurance limits.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had two resellers that represented more than 23.8% and 10% of sales and four resellers that represented 18.5%, 18.3%, 17.4%, and 16.0% of accounts receivable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had one reseller that represented more than 27.8% of sales and three resellers that represented 51.5%, 15.0%, and 11.9% of accounts receivable, respectively. For the purposes of this description, “sales” refers to the dollar value of orders received from these customers and partners in the period indicated. The sales values do not necessarily equal recognized revenue for these periods due to our revenue recognition policies which require deferral of revenue associated with prepaid software service fees. The loss of one of these resellers would not have a material impact as the Company could take over the end customer relationship.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
In accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” the basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects per share amounts that would have resulted if diluted potential common stock had been converted to common stock. Dilutive common share equivalents as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, representing 242,162 outstanding in-the-money warrants, were included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share using the Treasury Stock Method. During the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had total common stock equivalents of 0 and 4,946 shares, respectively, which excluded from the computation of net income per share because they are anti-dilutive.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of FASB ASC 718-10, “Compensation - Stock Compensation.”
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due to the nature of the accounts and their short-term maturities.
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities were determined in accordance with FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” which establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the assumptions (inputs) to valuation techniques used to price assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value. The hierarchy, as defined below, gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The guidance for fair value measurements requires that assets and liabilities measured at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
● Level 1: Defined as observable inputs, such as quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
● Level 2: Defined as observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. This includes quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
● Level 3: Defined as unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques, as well as significant management judgment or estimation.
We do not have level 2 and 3 liabilities or assets.
3. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:
Schedule of Accrued Expenses
Board of director fees 46,000 46,000
Professional services 7,200 13,100
Other 8,600 5,100
Total $ 61,800 $ 64,200
4. Stockholders’ Equity
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
In November 2012, the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “12 Plan”) was approved by the stockholders. Pursuant to the terms of the 12 Plan, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units (sometimes referred to individually or collectively as “awards”) may be granted to officers and other employees, non-employee directors and independent consultants and advisors who render services to the Company. The Company was authorized to issue options to purchase up to 643,797 shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, or restricted stock in accordance with the terms of the 12 Plan.
In the case of a restricted stock award, the entire number of shares subject to such award would be issued at the time of the grant and subject to vesting provisions based on time or other conditions specified by the Board or an authorized committee of the Board. For awards based on time, should the grantee’s service to the Company end before full vesting occurred, all unvested shares would be forfeited and returned to the Company. In the case of awards granted with vesting provisions based on specific performance conditions, if those conditions were not met, then all shares forfeited and returned to the Company. Until forfeited, all shares issued under a restricted stock award were considered outstanding for dividend, voting and other purposes.
Under the 12 Plan, the exercise price of non-qualified stock options granted is to be no less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted. The exercise price of incentive stock options granted was not to be no less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option was granted provided, however, that if the recipient of the incentive stock option owns greater than 10% of the voting power of all shares of the Company’s capital stock then the exercise price would be no less than 110% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted. The purchase price of the restricted stock issued under the 12 Plan shall also was not to not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the restricted stock was granted.
All options granted under the 12 Plan were immediately exercisable by the optionee; however, there was a vesting period for the options. The options (and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such options) vest, ratably, over a 33-month period; however, no options (and the underlying shares of common stock) vest until after three months from the date of the option grant. The exercise price was immediately due upon exercise of the option. The maximum term of options issued under the 12 Plan is ten years. Shares issued upon exercise of options are subject to the Company’s repurchase, which right lapses as the shares vest. The 12 Plan terminated was on November 7, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, there was no shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the 12 Plan.
The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Schedule of Stock Options Activity
Weighted-
Average
Weighted- Remaining
Average Contractual
Exercise Life
Options Price (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 93,076 $ 3.03 0.74
Granted -
Forfeited/cancelled (88,130 )
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 4,94 $ 3.86 0.12
Granted -
Forfeited/cancelled (4,946 )
Exercised -
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 - $ - -
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2022 - $ - -
Exercisable at December 31, 2022 - $ - -
Warrants
During both years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock and had 248,216 warrants outstanding. The warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022 are all exercisable at $0.01 and have an expiration date of May 20, 2023.
The following summarized changes in the number of warrants outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Schedule of Warrants Outstanding
Warrants
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 248,216
Granted -
Exercised -
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 248,216
Granted -
Exercised -
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 248,216
5. Sales by Geographical Location
Revenue by country for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:
Schedule of Revenue by Country
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Revenue by Country
United States $ 1,547,600 $ 1,457,300
Brazil 1,016,700 869,900
Japan 310,000 360,600
Other Countries 1,034,300 924,900
Total $ 3,908,600 $ 3,612,700
6. Income Taxes
The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Current
Federal $ - $ -
State - -
Foreign - -
Current income tax expense $ - $ -
Deferred
Federal $ - $ -
State - -
Foreign - -
Deferred income tax expense - -
Total $ - $ -
The following table summarizes the differences between income tax expense and the amount computed applying the federal income tax rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Federal income tax (benefit) at statutory rate $ 25,900 $ 221,000
State income tax (benefit) at statutory rate 2,700 24,000
Stock-based compensation - NQ cancellations - 61,100
Meals and entertainment
Change in valuation allowance (2,737,800 ) (2,670,000 )
Adjustments and NOL expirations 2,708,800 2,363,700
Provision (benefit) for income tax $ - $ -
Deferred income taxes and benefits result from temporary timing differences in the recognition of certain expense and income items for tax and financial reporting purposes. The following table sets forth those differences as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 6,495,800 $ 9,135,000
Tax credit carryforwards 445,900 572,900
Compensation expense - non-qualified stock options -
Deferred revenue and maintenance service contracts 318,500 326,500
Reserves and other 110,500 41,600
Total deferred tax assets 7,370,700 10,076,900
Deferred tax liability - depreciation, amortization and capitalized software -
Net deferred tax asset 7,370,700 10,077,000
Valuation allowance (7,370,700 ) (10,077,000 )
Net deferred tax asset $ - $ -
For financial reporting purposes, with the exception of recent years, the Company has incurred a loss in each year since inception. Based on the available objective evidence, and considering all available positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of operations, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The net change in the valuation allowance was decreased by $2,706,000 and $2,395,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $30.2 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards and approximately $6.9 million of California state net operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. The federal loss carryforwards began to expire in 2023 and the California state loss carry forwards begin to expire in 2028. Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the amount of benefits from net operating loss carryforwards may be impaired or limited if the Company incurs a cumulative ownership change of more than 50%, as defined, over a three-year period. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state tax examinations by tax authorities for years 2018 through present. As of December 31, 2022, there are no pending tax examinations. Uncertain tax positions to disclose.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $0.4 million of federal research and development tax credits that began to expire in 2023.
7. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
Our headquarters in Concord, NH signed a three-year lease on August 1st, 2021, which will expire on July 31, 2024. The lease requires a six-month notice from the lessor to terminate. Rent on the corporate headquarters is about $2,500 per month.
Rent expense aggregated approximately $47,400 and $42,000 for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of December 31, 2022 is as follows:
Schedule of Operating Leases Future Minimum Lease Payments
Future minimum lease payments:
30,700
20,700
Total future minimum lease payments $ 51,400
Less: Lease imputed interest
Total $ 51,200
Contingencies
Under its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Second Amended and Restated Bylaws and certain agreements with officers and directors, the Company has agreed to indemnify its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences arising as a result of the officer’s or director’s serving in such capacity. Generally, the term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is limited as the Company currently has a directors and officers liability insurance policy that limits its exposure and enables it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal and has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2022.
The Company enters into indemnification provisions under (i) its agreements with other companies in its ordinary course of business, including contractors and customers and (ii) its agreements with investors. Under these provisions, the Company generally indemnifies and holds harmless the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party as a result of the Company’s activities or, in some cases, as a result of the indemnified party’s activities under the agreement. These indemnification provisions often include indemnifications relating to representations made by the Company with regard to intellectual property rights, and often survive termination of the underlying agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is unlimited. The Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2022.
The Company’s software license agreements also generally include a performance guarantee that the Company’s software products will operate substantially as described in the applicable program documentation for a period of 90 days after delivery. The Company also generally warrants that services that the Company performs will be provided in a manner consistent with reasonably applicable industry standards. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs associated with these warranties and has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2022.
Profit Sharing Plans
The Company has adopted a 401(k) plan to provide retirement benefits for employees under which the Company makes discretionary matching contributions. During December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company contributed a total of $12,500 and $16,000, respectively.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Security and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2022.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and includes those policies and procedures that:
● pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; and
● provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
● provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material impact on the financial statements.
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting includes using the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), an integrated framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, for the evaluation of internal control to identify the risks and control objectives related to the evaluation of our control environment.
Based on our evaluation under the framework described above, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Our management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
hopTo has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all its employees, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer. hopTo will provide a copy of its Code of Ethics to any person without charge upon written request to:
hopTo, Inc..
Main St., Suite 102
Concord, NH 03301
Attn: Chief Executive Officer

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Financial Statements
Our financial statements as set forth in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are hereby incorporated by reference.
(b) Exhibits
The following exhibits, which are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K, are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or, as noted, incorporated by reference herein:
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as amended (1)
3.2
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of GraphOn Corporation (19)
3.3
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of hopTo Inc. (28)
3.4
Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of hopTo Inc. (31)
3.5
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant (2)
4.1
Form of certificate evidencing shares of common stock of Registrant (3)
4.2
Form of Warrant issued on September 1, 2011 (4)
4.3
Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated October 11, 2011 (5)
4.4
Exercise Agreement, dated June 17, 2013 (including Allonge to 2011 warrants) (20)
4.5
Form of New Warrant issued on June 17, 2013 (20)
4.6
Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 17, 2013 (20)
4.7
Form of Warrant issued on January 7, 2014 (21)
4.8
Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 7, 2014 (21)
4.9
Rights Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2018, by and between hopTo Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as rights agent (31)
4.10
Description of the Capital Stock
10.1*
Restricted Stock Agreement (1 of 2) with Eldad Eilam dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.2*
Restricted Stock Agreement (2 of 2) with Eldad Eilam dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.3*
Restricted Stock Agreement with Christoph Berlin dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.4*
Restricted Stock Agreement with Robert Dixon dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.5
Separation Agreement, dated April 12, 2012, between Registrant and Robert Dilworth (14)
10.6
Release, dated April 12, 2012, between Registrant and Robert Dilworth (14)
10.7
1998 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan of Registrant (7)
10.8
Supplemental Stock Option Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2000 (7)
10.9
2005 Equity Incentive Plan (8)
10.10
2008 Equity Incentive Plan, as Amended (9)
10.11*
Employment Agreement, dated August 21, 2013, by and between Registrant and Eldad Eilam (16)
10.12*
Director Severance Plan (11)
10.13*
Key Employee Severance Plan (11)
10.14
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 1, 2011 (4)
10.15
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 1, 2011 (4)
10.16(a)*
Engagement Agreement, dated October 11, 2011, by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc. (5)
10.16(b)*
First Addendum to the Engagement Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc., dated as of November 7, 2011 (12)
10.16(c)*
Second Addendum to the Engagement Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc., dated as of November 14, 2011 (12)
10.16(d)*
Third Addendum to the Engagement Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc., dated as of January 20, 2012 (13)
10.17
First Amendment to Office Lease between Registrant and CA-Pruneyard Limited Partnership, dated as of October 7, 2013 (27)
10.18
Consulting Agreement, dated February 1, 2012, by and between Registrant and Steven Ledger/Tamalpais Partners LLC (22)
10.19
Amendment to Consulting Agreement, by and between Registrant and Steven Ledger/Tamalpais Partners, LLC, dated August 1, 2013 (16)
10.20
Intellectual Property Brokerage Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Licensing Company I, LLC, dated as of February 4, 2013 (17)
10.21*
Consulting Agreement, dated March 29, 2013, by and between Registrant and Gordon Watson (23)
10.22*
Consulting Agreement, dated November 18, 2013, by and between Registrant and ipCreate, Inc. (24)
10.23
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 7, 2014 (21)
10.24*
Consulting Agreement, dated March 17, 2014, by and between Registrant and Steven Ledger (25)
10.25
Separation Agreement, dated March 12, 2014, by and between Registrant and Christoph Berlin (25)
10.26
Employment Letter dated April 30, 2014 and executed May 5, 2014 between Registrant and Jean-Louis Casabonne (26)
10.27
Sublease dated August 11, 2015, by and between Registrant and CDNetworks (32)
10.28
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2015 (29)
10.29
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2015 (29)
10.30
Lease Agreement effective October 1, 2015 between the Registrant and Heritage Village Offices (30)
10.31
Patent Purchase Agreement dated October 10, 2017 (33)
14.1
Code of Ethics (6)
21.1
Subsidiaries of Registrant
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (furnished, not filed)
The following financial information from Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (18)
*Management or compensatory plan or arrangement
(1) Filed on April 2, 2007 as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(2) Filed on March 31, 2010 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(3) Filed on September 19, 1996 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. (File No. 333-11165)
,
(4) Filed on September 8, 2011 as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(5) Filed on October 13, 2011 as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(6) Filed on March 30, 2004 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(7) Filed on June 23, 2000 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 333-40174)
(8) Filed on November 25, 2005 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s 2005 Annual Meeting, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(9) Filed on September 29, 2011 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 and incorporated herein by reference. (File No. 333-177069)
(10) Reserved.
(11) Filed on November 14, 2011 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(12) Filed on November 23, 2011 as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 333-177073)
(13) Filed on February 14, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(14) Filed on May 21, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(15) Filed on November 14, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly reporting period ended September 30, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(16) Filed on August 27, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 21, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(17) Filed on February 19, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(18) Submitted electronically with the original Form 10-K.
(19) Filed on September 10, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 9, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(20) Filed on June 24, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 17, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(21) Filed on January 13, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(22) Filed on April 16, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(23) Filed on April 3, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(24) Filed on December 12, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 11, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(25) Filed on March 18, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(26) Filed on May 12, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 9, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(27) Filed on March 31, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(28) Filed on February 1, 2016 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 27, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(29) Filed on July 30, 2015 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 24, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(30) Filed on September 10, 2015 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. (File No. 333-206861)
(31) Filed on February 16, 2018 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 16, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(32) Filed on March 30, 2016 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(33) Filed on April 1, 2019 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(c) Financial Statement Schedule
Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.