EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1759774
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1759774_10-K_2021_0001213900-21-018605.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
We are an internally managed real estate corporation that owns properties leased primarily to the USPS. We believe that we are one of the largest owners and managers, measured by net leasable square footage, of properties that are leased to the USPS.
We were organized in the state of Maryland on November 19, 2018 and commenced operations upon completion of our initial public offering, or IPO, on May 17, 2019 and the related formation transactions, or the Formation Transactions. Our Class A common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol “PSTL”. We elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our short tax year ended December 31, 2019. We conduct our business through a traditional UPREIT structure in which our properties are owned by our Operating Partnership directly or through limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries. We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership through which our postal properties are directly or indirectly owned. As of December 31, 2020, we owned approximately 76.9% of the outstanding common units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership (each, an “OP Unit,” and collectively, the “OP Units”) including long term incentive units of our Operating Partnership (each, an “LTIP Unit” and collectively, the “LTIP Units). Our Board of Directors oversees our business and affairs. We make reference to the public reports of the USPS with the Postal Regulatory Commission, including the audited financial statements of the USPS, available at www.usps.com or www.prc.gov.
Real Estate Investments
As of December 31, 2020, we had investments of approximately $259.8 million in 726 real estate properties (including one property accounted for as a financing lease). The properties are located in 47 states, totaling approximately 2.7 million net leasable interior square feet in the aggregate and were 100% leased as of December 31, 2020 with a weighted average remaining lease term of approximately 3.7 years. As of December 31, 2020, we manage, through our taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS, an additional 400 properties owned by affiliates of our chief executive officer, Andrew Spodek. We have a right of first offer to purchase 251 of our 400 managed properties.
The majority of our leases are modified double-net leases, whereby the USPS is responsible for utilities and routine maintenance and reimburses the landlord for property taxes, while the landlord is responsible for insurance, roof and structure. We believe this structure helps insulate us from increases in certain operating expenses and provides a more predictable cash flow. We believe the overall opportunity for consolidation that exists within the postal logistics network is attractive, and we continue to execute our strategy to acquire and consolidate postal properties that we believe will generate strong earnings for our stockholders.
Highlights
● We collected 100% of our rents and maintained 100% occupancy.
● We acquired 261 properties primarily leased to the USPS totaling approximately 1.2 million net leasable interior square feet, for approximately $130 million.
● In January 2020, we exercised a portion of the accordion feature on our senior revolving credit facility or the Credit Facility, increasing our permitted borrowing capacity up to $150.0 million. We further amended the credit agreement, as amended, the Credit Agreement, with People’s United Bank, National Association, as described under Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Factors that may Influence Future Results of Operations- Indebtedness and Interest Expense. In addition, we obtained approximately $44.0 million of fixed rate mortgage financing at a weighted average rate of 3.25% and a weighted average term of 12.9 years as of December 31, 2020.
● We completed a follow-on offering of 3.5 million shares of our Class A common stock on July 20, 2020, raising $52.2 million in gross proceeds. In addition, we filed a $500 million shelf registration statement and entered into a $50 million at the market common stock offering program, or ATM program.
Dividends
● We have increased our quarterly dividend from $0.17 for the fourth quarter 2019 dividend to $0.2175 for the fourth quarter 2020 dividend. Our dividend per share has increased for the past six consecutive quarters and, although we expect to continue our policy of paying regular dividends, we cannot guarantee that we will maintain our current level of dividends, that we will continue our recent pattern of increasing dividends per share or what our actual dividend yield will be in any future period.
Tenant Concentration
We acquire and manage postal properties and report our business as a single reportable segment. As of December 31, 2020, all of our properties are leased to a single tenant, the USPS, other than the multi-tenant industrial facility located in Warrendale, PA. The USPS occupies 73% of this property as a distribution facility. See the discussions under Item 1A - Risk Factors under the caption -Risks Related to the USPS.
Government Regulations
Compliance with various governmental regulations has an impact on our business, including our capital expenditures, earnings, and competitive position. The impact of these governmental regulations can be material to our business. We incur costs to monitor and take action to comply with governmental regulations that are applicable to our business, which include, among others: federal securities laws and regulations; REIT and other tax laws and regulations; environmental and health and safety laws and regulations; local zoning, usage and other regulations relating to real property; and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, or the ADA.
Our properties must comply with Title III of the ADA to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We believe the existing properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, noncompliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
Human Capital Resource Management
As of December 31, 2020, we employed 25 full-time employees. All of our employees are employed by our corporate office in Cedarhurst, New York. Our employees are not members of any labor union, and we consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory.
As of December 31, 2020, 24% of our employees, 20% of our named executive officers and key employees (defined as all employees with a title of vice president and higher) and 20% of the members of our Board of Directors were female.
We endeavor to maintain workplaces that are free from discrimination or harassment on the basis of color, race, sex, national origin, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identification or expression or any other status protected by applicable law. The basis for recruitment, hiring, development, training, compensation and advancement at the Company is qualifications, performance, skills and experience. We believe our employees are fairly compensated, and compensation and promotion decisions are made without regard to gender, race and ethnicity. Employees are routinely recognized for outstanding performance.
Covid-19 Health and Safety
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we promptly transitioned all of our employees to remote working, without significant impact to productivity. We organized training programs to ensure that all employees were prepared to complete tasks remotely. At our corporate office, we provide cleaning supplies and facial coverings to all employees and visitors who chose to work in the office, among other safety measures to help reduce the potential transmission of the disease.
Environmental Matters
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, as a current or former owner of real property, we may be liable for costs of the removal or remediation of certain hazardous substances, waste, or petroleum products at, on, in, under the properties that we own, including costs for investigation or remediation, natural resource damages, or third-party liability for personal injury or property damage. These laws often impose liability without regard to fault including whether the owner or operator knew of, or were responsible for, the presence or release of such materials. Some of our properties may be impacted by contamination arising from current or prior uses of the property or adjacent properties for commercial, industrial or other purposes.
Changes in laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing on properties or increasing the restrictions on discharges or other conditions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures or may otherwise adversely affect the operations of the tenants of our properties, which could materially and adversely affect us. We maintain an insurance policy for environmental liabilities at all of our properties. However, any potential or existing environmental contamination liabilities may be in excess of the coverage limits of, or not covered by, such insurance policy. As a result, we may not be aware of all potential or existing environmental contamination liabilities at the properties in our portfolio. As a result, we could potentially incur material liability for these issues.
In addition, some of our buildings may contain lead-based paint or asbestos containing materials or may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other indoor air quality issues, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects or property damage or costs for remediation. Indoor air quality issues can also stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to lead, asbestos, or airborne toxins or irritants above certain levels can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of lead, asbestos, mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected property or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of lead, asbestos, mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from our sole tenant, employees of our sole tenant or others if property damage or personal injury occurs. We are not presently aware of any material adverse indoor air quality issues at our properties.
Availability of Reports Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
A copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available, free of charge, on our Internet website (www.postalrealty.com). All of these reports are made available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the charters of the Audit, Compensation, and Corporate Governance Committees of our Board of Directors are also available on our website at https://investor.postalrealtytrust.com/govdocs, and are available in print to any stockholder upon written request to Postal Realty Trust, Inc. c/o Investor Relations, 75 Columbia Avenue, Cedarhurst, New York 11516. Our telephone number is (516) 295-7820. The information on or accessible through our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this report or incorporated into any other filing we make with the SEC.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risk Factor Summary
Risks Related to the USPS
● Our business is substantially dependent on the demand for leased postal properties.
● The USPS’s inability to meet its financial obligations may have a material adverse effect on our business.
● The USPS has a substantial amount of indebtedness.
● The USPS is subject to congressional oversight and regulation by the Postal Regulatory Commission or the PRC and other agencies.
● The business and results of operations of the USPS are significantly affected by competition from both competitors in the delivery marketplace as well as substitute products and digital communication.
● The USPS’s potential insolvency, inability to pay rent or bankruptcy may have a material adverse effect on our business.
● Our properties may have a higher risk of terrorist attacks.
● The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures being taken to prevent its spread, including government-imposed travel related limitations, could negatively impact the USPS, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
● Changes in leadership, structure, operations and strategy within the USPS may disrupt our business.
● Litigation involving the USPS, including related to changes in the USPS’s operations, may disrupt our business.
Risks Related to Our Business Operations
● We may be unable to acquire and/or manage additional USPS-leased properties at competitive prices or at all.
● We currently have a concentration of postal properties in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Texas, Maine, Oklahoma and Illinois and are exposed to changes in regional or local conditions in these states.
● We may be unable to renew leases or sell vacated properties on favorable terms, or at all, as leases expire.
● Property vacancies could result in significant capital expenditures and illiquidity.
● As of March 30, 2021, the leases at 11 of our properties were expired and the USPS is occupying such properties as a holdover tenant.
● Our use of OP Units as consideration to acquire properties could result in stockholder dilution and/or limit our ability to sell such properties.
● Postal properties are illiquid.
● Our real estate taxes for properties where we are not reimbursed could increase.
● Increases in mortgage rates or unavailability of mortgage debt may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance our debt.
● Mortgage debt obligations expose us to the possibility of foreclosure.
● Changes in the method pursuant to which the reference rates are determined and the phasing out of LIBOR after June 2023 may affect our financial results.
● Failure to comply with covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.
● Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may have a material adverse effect on our business.
● Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.
● Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers’ financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.
● Our growth depends on external sources of capital that are outside of our control and may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
● We could incur significant costs and liabilities related to environmental matters.
● Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other air quality issues.
● We are subject to risks from natural disasters, such as earthquakes and severe weather, and the risks associated with the physical effects of climate change.
● Our properties may be subject to impairment charges.
● Our title insurance policies may not cover all title defects.
● We may incur significant costs complying with various federal, state and local laws, regulations and covenants applicable to our properties.
● We have acquired and may continue to acquire properties that are (i) leased to both the USPS and non-postal tenants, (ii) leased solely to non-postal tenants or (iii) in markets that are new to us., and we may not be able to adapt to these new business models.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
● Mr. Spodek and his affiliates own, directly or indirectly, a substantial beneficial interest in our company on a fully diluted basis and have the ability to exercise significant influence on our company and our operating partnership.
● Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our operating partnership.
● Our charter contains certain provisions restricting the ownership and transfer of our stock that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction.
● We could increase the number of authorized shares of stock, classify and reclassify unissued stock and issue stock without stockholder approval.
● Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL could inhibit changes of control, which may discourage third parties from conducting a tender offer or seeking other change of control transactions.
● Certain provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us.
● Tax protection agreements may limit our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of certain properties and may require our Operating Partnership to maintain certain debt levels that otherwise would not be required.
● Our Board of Directors may change our strategies, policies and procedures without stockholder approval, and we may become more highly leveraged, which may increase our risk of default under our debt obligations.
● Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
● We are a holding company with no direct operations, and the interests of our stockholders are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries.
● Our operating partnership may issue additional OP Units to third parties without the consent of our stockholders.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
● Failure to remain qualified as a REIT would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation.
● Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flows.
● Failure to make required distributions would subject us to federal corporate income tax.
● Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego certain opportunities or investments.
● The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to dispose of our properties.
● We could be affected by tax liabilities or earnings and profits of our Predecessor.
● There are uncertainties relating to the estimate of the accumulated earnings and profits attributable to UPH.
● A sale of assets acquired as part of the merger between us and UPH within five years after the merger would result in corporate income tax.
● The ability of our Board of Directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval.
● Our transactions with our TRS will cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm’s-length terms.
● You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of our Class A common stock.
● Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividend income from regular corporations.
● If our operating partnership failed to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
● To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions or on unfavorable terms at desired times.
● Covenants in our agreements for our credit facilities or other borrowings may restrict our ability to pay distributions.
● New legislation or administrative or judicial action, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could adversely affect us or our stockholders.
General Risk Factors
● An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.
● Future offerings of equity securities may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
● The market price of our Class A common stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile and has declined, and may continue to decline.
● Future sales of our Class A common stock, preferred stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our Class A common stock could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.
● We face cybersecurity risks and risks associated with security breaches.
The following risk factors may adversely affect our overall business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows; our ability to make distributions to our stockholders; our access to capital; or the market price of our Class A common stock, as further described in each risk factor below. In addition to the information set forth herein, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, one should carefully review and consider the information contained in our other reports and periodic filings that we make with the SEC. Those risk factors could materially affect our overall business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; our ability to make distributions to our stockholders; our access to capital; or the market price of our Class A common stock. The risks that we describe in our public filings are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently consider immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additional information regarding forward-looking statements is included herein.
Risks Related to the USPS
Our business is substantially dependent on the demand for leased postal properties.
Any significant decrease in the demand for leased postal properties could have an adverse effect on our business. The number of retail postal locations nationwide has been decreasing over the prior decade. Additionally, on March 23, 2021, Postmaster General Louis DeJoy released a ten-year plan entitled Delivering for America: Our Vision and Ten-Year Plan to Achieve Financial Sustainability and Service Excellence (the “Ten-Year Plan”), which includes evaluating the facility consolidations that were deferred in 2015 and potentially consolidating the facilities that remain underutilized. Consolidation of our postal properties would materially adversely affect our operations. Further reductions in the number of postal properties could result in entering into leases with the USPS in the future on less favorable terms than current leases, the failure of the USPS to renew leases for our properties and the reduction of the number of acquisition opportunities available to us. The level of demand for postal properties may be impacted by a variety of factors outside of our control, including changes in U.S. federal government and USPS policies or funding, changes in population density, the health and sustainability of local, regional and national economies, the existence of epidemics and pandemics, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and the demand and use of the USPS. Moreover, technological innovations, such as autonomous delivery devices, may decrease the need for hand delivery or in-person pick up, thereby decreasing the demand for retail post offices. In addition, package delivery service providers, such as FedEx, Amazon, UPS and DHL, begun implementing autonomous delivery devices to assist retail companies with same-day and last-mile deliveries, in addition to publicly stating their intention to expand their last-mile delivery capabilities. The development, implementation and broad adoption of these devices may decrease the demand for postal services.
The USPS is facing legislative constraints that are hindering the USPS ‘s ability to maintain adequate liquidity to sustain its current operations. If the USPS’s revenues decrease due to reduced demand for postal services, then the USPS may reduce its number of post office locations.
The USPS’s inability to meet its financial obligations may render it insolvent or increase the likelihood of Congressional or regulatory reform of the USPS, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.
A significant portion of the USPS’s liabilities consist of unfunded fixed benefits, such as pensions and healthcare, to retired USPS workers. Although Congress regularly debates the future of the USPS, the USPS is unlikely to be able to retire its existing liabilities without regulatory or Congressional relief. If the USPS becomes unable to meet its financial obligations, many of our leases may be vacated by the USPS, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. Any Congressional or regulatory action that decreases demand by the USPS for leased postal properties would also have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. We cannot predict whether any currently contemplated reforms or any reforms pursued by the Biden administration will ultimately take effect and, if so, how such reforms would specifically affect us.
The USPS has a substantial amount of indebtedness.
On April 1, 1999, the USPS entered into a Note Purchase Agreement, as amended, the NPA, with the Federal Financing Bank (the “FFB”) for the purpose of obtaining debt financing. Under the NPA, FFB is required to purchase notes from the USPS meeting specified conditions, up to the established maximum amounts, within five business days of delivery. The amount that the USPS borrows under the NPA varies from year to year depending upon the needs of the organization. Historically, all of the USPS’s outstanding debt has been obtained through the NPA. The most recent extension to the NPA, however, expired on August 31, 2019. If the USPS cannot reach acceptable terms with FFB on an extension of the NPA, the USPS would need to seek debt financing through other means, either through individual agreements with FFB (on terms that may differ from those set forth in the NPA) or from other sources. There can be no assurance that the USPS will be able to extend the term of the NPA or obtain alternative debt financing on the terms or timing that it expects, if at all. If the USPS is unable to extend the NPA with the FFB, the USPS may not be able to refinance debt with the FFB in the future at comparable terms to those currently available.
The USPS has significant outstanding debt obligations to the FFB. and a significant underfunded Postal Service Retiree Health Benefit Fund, or the PSRHBF, liability, which the USPS is required to fund in future periods. Additionally, the USPS has underfunded retirement benefits amortization payable to the Civil Service Retirement System, or CSRS, and Federal Employees Retirement System, or FERS, funds, which the USPS is required to fund in future periods. The USPS’s significant indebtedness and unpaid retirement and retiree health obligations could require the USPS to dedicate a substantial portion of its future cash flow from operations to payments on debt and retirement and retiree healthcare obligations, thus reducing the availability of cash flow to fund operating expenses, including lease payments, working capital, capital expenditures and other business activities.
The USPS is subject to congressional oversight and regulation by the PRC and other government agencies.
The USPS has a wide variety of stakeholders whose interests and needs are sometimes in conflict. The USPS operates as an independent establishment of the executive branch of the U.S. government and, as a result, is subject to a variety of regulations and other limitations applicable to federal agencies. The ability of the USPS to raise rates for its products and services is subject to the regulatory oversight and approval of the PRC. Limitations on the USPS’s ability to take action could adversely affect its operating and financial results, and as a result, reduce demand for leasing postal properties.
Furthermore, a change in the structure, mission, or leasing requirements of the USPS, a significant reduction in the USPS’s workforce, a relocation of personnel resources, other internal reorganization or a change in the post offices occupying our properties, would affect our lease renewal opportunities and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any change in the federal government’s treatment of the USPS as an independent agency, including, but not limited to, the privatization of all or a portion of the USPS business operations, may have a material adverse effect on our business.
The business and results of operations of the USPS are significantly affected by competition from both competitors in the delivery marketplace as well as substitute products and digital communication.
Failure of the USPS to compete effectively and operate efficiently, grow marketing mail and package delivery services, and increase revenue and contribution from other sources, will adversely impact the USPS’s financial condition and this adverse impact will become more substantial over time. The USPS’s marketplace competitors include both local and national providers of package delivery services. The USPS’s competitors have different cost structures and fewer regulatory restrictions and are able to offer differing services and pricing, which may hinder the USPS’s ability to remain competitive in these service areas. In addition, most of the USPS’s competitors have access to capital markets, which allows them greater flexibility in the financing and expansion of their business. Customer usage of postal services continues to shift to substitute products and digital communication. The use of e-mail and other forms of electronic communication have reduced first class mail volume, as have electronic billing and payment. Marketing mail has recently experienced declines due to mailers’ growing use of digital advertising including digital mobile advertising. The volume of periodicals services continues to decline as consumers increasingly use electronic media for news and information. The growth in the USPS’s competitive service volumes is largely attributable to certain of the USPS’s largest customers, UPS, FedEx and Amazon. Each of these customers is building delivery capability that could enable it to divert volume away from the USPS over time. If these customers divert significant volume away from the USPS, the growth in the USPS’s competitive service volumes may not continue, and there may be reduced demand for leasing postal properties by the USPS.
The USPS’s potential insolvency, inability to pay rent or bankruptcy would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution, and our ability to service our debt obligations and could result in our inability to continue as a going concern.
Default by the USPS is likely to cause a significant or complete reduction in the operating cash flow generated by our properties. There can be no assurance that the USPS will be able to avoid insolvency, make timely rental payments or avoid defaulting under its leases. If the USPS defaults, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment. Because we depend on rental payments from the USPS, the inability of the USPS to make its lease payments could adversely affect us and our ability to make distributions to you.
Although we do not believe that bankruptcy protection under the United States bankruptcy code is available to the USPS, the law is unclear. If the USPS were to file for bankruptcy, we would become a creditor, but we may not be able to collect all or any of the pre-bankruptcy amounts owed to owe us by the USPS. In addition, if the USPS were to file for bankruptcy protection, it potentially could terminate its leases with us under federal law, in which event we would have a general unsecured claim against the USPS that would likely be worth less than the full amount owed to us for the remainder of the lease term. This would have a severe adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Implementation of the Ten-Year Plan proposed by Mr. DeJoy could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial position and results of operations.
Mr. DeJoy has published his Ten-Year Plan to address the challenges of the shift from traditional letter-mail to package delivery, underperformance in processing, transportation, delivery and retail operations, failure to meet service performance standards and a perilous and worsening financial situation that has resulted in losses over the last fourteen years of $87 billion. The strategic initiatives are designed to reverse a projected $160 billion in losses over the next ten years and to operate at a positive net income beginning in 2023 or 2024. Retail revenue has decreased substantially since 2015. The Ten-Year Plan includes realignment, procurement of new facilities, expansion of existing facilities and consolidation of underused facilities as well as modernization of retail lobbies to enable expanded digital, small, medium-sized business and government services, which could affect our operations if our postal properties are consolidated. The Ten-Year Plan also includes a request for Congress to relieve pre-funding obligations of the PSRHBF and to require the integration of Medicare with postal service-specific health plan.
The extent to which the implementation of this Ten-Year Plan will affect, our business, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations, will depend on numerous factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or assess. Portions of the Ten-Year Plan require Congressional approval, which we cannot predict at this time and there will be additional conversations with stakeholders about implementation and changes to the Ten-Year Plan. USPS’s failure to implement the Ten-Year Plan or get Congressional approval may affect its ability to maintain adequate liquidity to sustain its current operations, which may result in the USPS reducing its number of postal locations and adversely affecting our business and results of operations.
Because the USPS is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government, our properties may have a higher risk of terrorist attacks than similar properties leased to non-governmental tenants.
Terrorist attacks may materially adversely affect our operations, as well as directly or indirectly damage our assets, both physically and financially. Because the USPS is, and is expected to continue to be, an independent agency of the U.S. federal government, our properties are presumed to have a higher risk of terrorist attack than similar properties that are leased to non-governmental affiliated tenants. Terrorist attacks, to the extent that these properties are uninsured or underinsured, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures being taken to prevent its spread, including government-imposed travel related limitations, could negatively impact demand for USPS services and postal properties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures being taken to prevent its spread has resulted in a reduction in foot traffic in many public places, including postal properties. A continued reduction in the use of in-person services may reduce the demand for postal properties by the USPS and our results of operations could decline as a result. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also caused a decline in mail volume, particularly in advertising conducted through the mail, which may adversely affect the USPS’s financial condition, and therefore the demand for postal properties. Continued reduction or permanent changes to mail volume could reduce demand for postal properties and materially adversely affect our result of operations.
Further, although the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, as amended by Public Law 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, includes a $10 billion loan to the USPS, there can be no assurances that this financing will be sufficient to sustain USPS operations in light of current shortfalls resulting from reduced mail volumes. As of the date of this report, the USPS has not received any portion of the $10 billion loan. Moreover, two related bills proposed to provide the USPS with alternate funding in the amounts of $25 billion or $10 billion failed to pass in the third quarter of 2020.
In addition, the USPS is dependent on the efforts of its employees, many of whom come into contact with a large number of individuals on a daily basis. If USPS employees are unwilling or unable to report to work regularly because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or USPS services are otherwise diminished as a result of governmental response to the pandemic, the demand for USPS services or the reputation of the USPS may suffer, leading to a reduced need for postal properties and adversely affecting our business and results of operations.
Furthermore, given the dislocation and government-imposed travel related limitations as a consequence of the pandemic: (i) we have permitted certain employees to work from home, which previously slowed, and may in the future slow, certain routine processes; and (ii) we were, and may in the future be, impacted by delays in communications with, and operations of, various counterparties. Although the effectiveness of our work from home practices have improved since implementation, the continued and future improvement of such practices, as well as communications with, and the operations of, various counterparties, is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
Changes in leadership, structure, operations and strategy within the USPS, may disrupt our business, which could have a material effect on our operations, financial position and results of operations.
In May 2020, the USPS Board of Governors unanimously appointed Louis DeJoy as the Postmaster General. Mr. DeJoy took office on June 15, 2020. Since Mr. DeJoy’s appointment, the USPS reassigned or displaced at least twenty-three postal executives including two executives overseeing day-to-day operations. The USPS also implemented a management hiring freeze and requested future Voluntary Early Retirement Authority from the Office of Personnel Management for certain employees not represented by a collective bargaining agreement. On February 24, 2021, President Joseph Biden nominated two Democrats and an Independent to the USPS Board of Governors that if confirmed would lead to four Democrats, four Republicans and an Independent on the Board.
Recently, Mr. DeJoy has announced a modified organizational structure for the USPS, which is designed to focus on three business operating units: (i) retail and delivery; (ii) logistics and processing; and (iii) commerce and business solutions. As part of the modified organizational structure, logistics and mail processing operations will report into the new Logistics and Processing Operations organization separate from existing area and district reporting structures. This includes all mail processing facilities and local transportation network offices. These changes are being made in an effort to reduce costs and it is possible that the USPS will implement additional changes to reduce expenses.
The extent to which these changes, among others, will affect our business, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations, will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or assess. The USPS is subject to legislative and other constraints which may affect its ability to maintain adequate liquidity to sustain its current operations, which may result in the USPS reducing its number of postal locations and adversely affecting our business and results of operations.
Litigation involving the USPS, including those related to changes in the USPS’s operations, the 2020 presidential election and mail-in voting, may disrupt our business, which could have a material effect on our operations, financial position and results of operations.
As a result of (i) the proposed and executed operational, managerial and strategic changes within the USPS and (ii) the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly increased the number of absentee ballots utilized for the 2020 presidential election, the USPS is the focal point of recent litigation. As of the date of this report, several lawsuits have been filed and remain pending against Mr. DeJoy, the USPS and former President Donald Trump pertaining to operational change at the USPS, mail delays and mail-in voting for the 2020 presidential election.
If, as a result of any backlogs, political rhetoric or litigation, the USPS suffers reputational or financial harm or an increase in regulatory scrutiny, the demand for USPS services may decline, which may lead to reduced demand for USPS properties. The results of these changes or any future changes could lead to additional delays or financing shortfalls for the USPS.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
We may be unable to acquire and/or manage additional USPS-leased properties at competitive prices or at all.
A significant portion of our business plan is to acquire additional properties that are leased to the USPS. There are a limited number of such properties, and we will have fewer opportunities to grow our investments than REITs that purchase properties that are leased to a variety of tenants or that are not leased when they are acquired. In addition, the current ownership of properties leased to the USPS is highly fragmented with the overwhelming majority of owners holding a single property. As a result, we may need to expend resources to complete our due diligence and underwriting process on many individual properties, thereby increasing our acquisition costs and possibly reducing the amount that we are able to pay for a particular property. Accordingly, our plan to grow our business largely by acquiring additional properties that are leased to the USPS and managing properties leased to the USPS by third parties may not succeed. In addition, because of our public profile as the only publicly traded REIT dedicated to USPS properties, our operations may generate new interest in USPS-leased properties from other REITs, real estate companies and other investors with more resources than we have that did not previously focus on investment opportunities with USPS-leased properties.
We currently have a concentration of postal properties in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Maine, Texas, Oklahoma and Illinois and are exposed to changes in regional or local conditions in these states.
Our business may be adversely affected by regional or local conditions and events in the areas in which we operate, particularly in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Maine, Texas, Oklahoma and Illinois where many of our postal properties are concentrated. Factors that may affect our occupancy levels, our rental revenues, our funds from operations or the value of our properties include the following, among others:
● downturns in global, national, regional and local economic conditions;
● unforeseen events beyond our control, including, among others, terrorist attacks and travel related health concerns including pandemics and epidemics;
● possible reduction of the USPS workforce; and
● economic conditions that could cause an increase in our operating expenses, insurance and routine maintenance.
We may be unable to renew leases or sell vacated properties on favorable terms, or at all, as leases expire, which could materially adversely affect us, including our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution and our ability to service our debt obligations.
We cannot assure you that any leases will be renewed or that vacated properties will be sold on favorable terms, or at all. As of the date of this report, the USPS has notified us of its intent to vacate one property in our portfolio. If rental rates for our properties decrease, our existing tenant does not renew their leases or we do not sell vacated properties on favorable terms, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distributions and our ability to service our debt obligations could be materially adversely affected.
Property vacancies could result in significant capital expenditures and illiquidity.
The loss of a tenant through lease expiration may require us to spend significant amounts of capital to renovate the property before it is suitable for a new tenant. Substantially all of the properties we acquire are specifically suited to the particular business of the USPS and, as a result, if the USPS does not renew its lease, we may be required to renovate the property at substantial costs, decrease the rent we charge or provide other concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant. In the event we are required or elect to sell the property, we may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the USPS. This potential illiquidity may limit our ability to quickly modify our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions, which may materially and adversely affect us.
As of March 30, 2021, the leases at 11 of our properties were expired and the USPS is occupying such properties as a holdover tenant. If we are not successful in renewing these expired leases, we will likely experience reduced occupancy, rental income and net operating income, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to stockholders.
As of March 30, 2021, the leases at 11 of our properties (consisting of one property for which the lease expired on December 31, 2020 which we acquired in February 2021, and ten properties for which leases expired to date in 2021) were expired and the USPS is occupying such properties as a holdover tenant, aggregating approximately 24,000 interior square feet and $0.2 million in annualized rental income. When a lease expires, the USPS becomes a holdover tenant on a month-to-month basis, typically paying the greater of estimated market rent or the rent amount under the expired lease. Due to the fact that the USPS is occupying 11 of our properties as a holdover tenant, such properties are currently excluded from being part of the borrowing base under our Credit Facility.
We anticipate that we will execute new leases for all properties that have expired or will expire, and the addendum discussed herein, as applicable. However, there can be no guarantee that any new leases that we enter into with the USPS will reflect our expectations with respect to terms or timing.
We might not be successful in renewing the leases that are in holdover status or that are scheduled to expire in 2021, obtaining positive rent renewal spreads, or renewing the leases on terms comparable to those of the expiring leases. If we are able to renew these expired leases, the lease terms may not be comparable to those of the previous leases. If we are not successful, we will likely experience reduced occupancy, rental income and net operating income, as well as diminished borrowing capacity which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to stockholders.
Our use of OP Units as consideration to acquire properties could result in stockholder dilution and/or limit our ability to sell such properties, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for OP Units, which may result in stockholder dilution. This acquisition structure may have the effect of, among other things, reducing the amount of tax depreciation we could deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and may require that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell properties at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.
Illiquidity of postal properties could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.
Our ability to promptly sell one or more postal properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions may be limited. Certain types of real estate and in particular, post offices, may have limited alternative uses and thus are relatively illiquid. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We may be unable to realize our investment objectives by sale, other disposition or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. In particular, our ability to dispose of one or more postal properties within a specific time period is subject to certain limitations imposed by our tax protection agreements, as well as weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes in the financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers, changes in national or international economic conditions and changes in laws, regulations or fiscal policies of jurisdictions in which the property is located.
In addition, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, imposes restrictions on a REIT’s ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs effectively require that we hold our properties for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business.
Our real estate taxes for properties where we are not reimbursed could increase due to property tax rate changes or reassessment, which could negatively impact our cash flows, financial condition, results of operations, per share market price of our Class A common stock, our ability to satisfy our principal and interest obligations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Even though we currently qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we are required to pay state and local taxes on some of our properties. The real property taxes on our properties may increase as property tax rates change or as our properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Therefore, the amount of property taxes we pay in the future may increase substantially from what we have paid in the past. If the property taxes we pay increase, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, per share trading price of our Class A common stock and our ability to satisfy our principal and interest obligations and to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
Increases in mortgage rates or unavailability of mortgage debt may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance our debt, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, growth prospects and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.
If mortgage debt is unavailable to us at reasonable rates or at all, we may not be able to finance the purchase of additional properties or refinance existing debt when it becomes due. If interest rates are higher when we refinance our properties, our income and cash flow could be reduced, which would reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing more stock or by borrowing more money. In addition, to the extent we are unable to refinance our debt when it becomes due, we will have fewer debt guarantee opportunities available to offer under our tax protection agreements, which could trigger an obligation to indemnify the protected parties under the tax protection agreements.
Mortgage debt obligations expose us to the possibility of foreclosure, which could result in the loss of our investment in a property or group of properties subject to mortgage debt.
Mortgage and other secured debt obligations increase our risk of property losses because defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property securing any loans for which we are in default. Any foreclosure on a mortgaged property or group of properties could adversely affect the overall value of our portfolio of properties. For tax purposes, a foreclosure on any of our properties that is subject to a nonrecourse mortgage loan would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code. Foreclosures could also trigger our tax indemnification obligations under the terms of our tax protection agreements with respect to the sales of certain properties.
The elimination of LIBOR after June 2023 may affect our financial results.
On March 5, 2021, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, or FCA, which regulates LIBOR, announced that all LIBOR tenors relevant to us will cease to be published or will no longer be representative after June 30, 2023. The FCA's announcement coincides with the March 5, 2021, announcement of LIBOR's administrator, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, or IBA, indicating that, as a result of not having access to input data necessary to calculate LIBOR tenors relevant to us on a representative basis after June 30, 2023, IBA would have to cease publication of such LIBOR tenors immediately after the last publication on June 30, 2023. These announcements mean that any of our LIBOR-based borrowings that extend beyond June 30, 2023 will need to be converted to a replacement rate. In the United States, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, or ARRC, a committee of private sector entities with ex-officio official sector members convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, has recommended the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a recommended spread adjustment as LIBOR's replacement. There are significant differences between LIBOR and SOFR, such as LIBOR being an unsecured lending rate while SOFR is a secured lending rate, and SOFR is an overnight rate while LIBOR reflects term rates at different maturities. If our LIBOR-based borrowings are converted to SOFR, the differences between LIBOR and SOFR, plus the recommended spread adjustment, could result in interest costs that are higher than if LIBOR remained available, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Although SOFR is the ARRC's recommended replacement rate, it is also possible that lenders may instead choose alternative replacement rates that may differ from LIBOR in ways similar to SOFR or in other ways that would result in higher interest costs for us. It is not yet possible to predict the magnitude of LIBOR's end on our borrowing costs given the remaining uncertainty about which rates will replace LIBOR.
Covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.
Our Credit Agreement contains customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness. We must maintain certain ratios, including a maximum of total indebtedness to total asset value, a maximum of secured indebtedness to total asset value, a minimum of quarterly adjusted EBITDA to fixed charges, a minimum net operating income from unencumbered properties to unsecured interest expense and a maximum of unsecured indebtedness to unencumbered asset value. Our ability to borrow under our Credit Agreement is subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants.
Failure to comply with any of the covenants under our Credit Agreement or other debt instruments could result in a default under one or more of our debt instruments. In particular, we could suffer a default under a secured debt instrument that could exceed a cross-default threshold under our Credit Agreement, causing an event of default under the Credit Agreement. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us or be available only on unattractive terms. In addition, if we breach covenants in our debt agreements, the lenders can declare a default and, if the debt is secured, take possession of the property securing the defaulted loan.
Alternatively, even if a secured debt instrument is below the cross-default threshold for non-recourse secured debt under our Credit Agreement a default under such secured debt instrument may still cause a cross default under our Credit Agreement because such secured debt instrument may not qualify as “non-recourse” under the definition in our Credit Agreement. Another possible cross default could occur between our Credit Agreement and any senior unsecured notes that we issue. Any of the foregoing default or cross-default events could cause our lenders to accelerate the timing of payments and/or prohibit future borrowings, either of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, financial condition and liquidity.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution and our ability to service our debt obligations.
Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may enter into hedging transactions to protect us from the effects of interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt. Our hedging transactions may include entering into interest rate cap agreements or interest rate swap agreements. These agreements involve risks, such as the risk that such arrangements would not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes or that a court could rule that such an agreement is not legally enforceable. In addition, interest rate hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. Hedging could increase our costs and reduce the overall returns on our investments. In addition, while hedging agreements would be intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they could also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements would not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements or that the underlying transactions could fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging.
Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed, and the loss of one or more of our key personnel could adversely affect our ability to manage our business and to implement our growth strategies, or could create a negative perception of our company in the capital markets.
Our continued success and our ability to manage anticipated future growth depend, in large part, upon the efforts of key personnel, particularly Messrs. Spodek, Garber and Klein who have extensive market knowledge and relationships and exercise substantial influence over our operational and financing activity. Among the reasons that these individuals are important to our success is that each has a national or regional industry reputation that attracts business and investment opportunities and assists us in negotiations with lenders, the USPS and owners of postal properties. If we lose their services, such relationships could diminish or be adversely affected. Our employment agreements with Messrs. Spodek, Garber and Klein do not guarantee their continued employment with us.
Many of our other senior executives also have extensive experience and strong reputations in the real estate industry, which aid us in identifying opportunities, having opportunities brought to us and negotiating. The loss of services of one or more members of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business, diminish our investment opportunities and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, existing and prospective tenants and industry participants, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our Class A common stock.
We may be subject to on-going or future litigation, including existing claims relating to the entities that owned the properties previously and otherwise in the ordinary course of business, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the per share trading price of our Class A common stock.
We may be subject to litigation, including existing claims relating to the entities that owned the properties previously and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims may result in significant defense costs and potentially significant judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be, insured against. We generally intend to vigorously defend ourselves. However, we cannot be certain of the ultimate outcomes of any currently asserted claims or of those that may arise in the future. Resolution of these types of matters against us may result in our having to pay significant fines, judgments, or settlements, which, if uninsured, or if the fines, judgments, and settlements exceed insured levels, could adversely impact our earnings and cash flows, thereby having an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution and our ability to service our debt obligations. Certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured and/or adversely impact our ability to attract officers and directors.
We may not be able to rebuild our existing properties to their existing specifications if we experience a substantial or comprehensive loss of such properties.
In the event that we experience a substantial or comprehensive loss of one of our properties, we may not be able to rebuild such property to its existing specifications. Further, reconstruction or improvement of such a property would likely require significant upgrades to meet zoning and building code requirements
Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers’ financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.
In the future, we may co-invest with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in and managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. With respect to any such arrangement or any similar arrangement that we may enter into in the future, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the development, property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Investments in partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present where a third party is not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives, and they may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflicts of interest. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale or financing, because neither we nor the partner(s) or co-venturer(s) would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. In addition, a sale or transfer by us to a third party of our interests in the joint venture may be subject to consent rights or rights of first refusal, in favor of our joint venture partners, which would in each case restrict our ability to dispose of our interest in the joint venture. Where we are a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company, if such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. We may, in certain circumstances, be liable for the actions of a partner, and the activities of a partner could adversely affect our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT or our exclusion or exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act, even if we do not control the joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers. Our joint ventures may be subject to debt and, during periods of volatile credit markets, the refinancing of such debt may require equity capital calls.
Competition for skilled personnel could increase our labor costs.
We compete intensely with various other companies in attracting and retaining qualified and skilled personnel. We depend on our ability to attract and retain skilled management personnel in order to successfully manage the day-to-day operations of our company. Competitive pressures may require that we enhance our pay and benefits package to compete effectively for such personnel. We may not be able to offset such added costs by increasing the rates we charge the USPS. If there is an increase in these costs or if we fail to attract and retain qualified and skilled personnel, our business and operating results could be harmed.
Our growth depends on external sources of capital that are outside of our control and may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, which could limit our ability to, among other things, meet our capital and operating needs or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT.
Depending on our ability to borrow under our Credit Facility, we may pursue significantly more secured borrowings in the future, although we have not entered into any preliminary or binding documentation with respect to any such additional secured borrowings and there is no guaranty that any lender will be willing to lend to us on the terms and timing that we expect, if at all. In order to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required under the Code to, among other things, distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. In addition, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, including any net capital gains. Because of these distribution requirements, we may not be able to fund future capital needs, including any necessary capital expenditures, from operating cash flow. Consequently, we rely on third-party sources to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms or at all and any additional debt we incur will increase our leverage and likelihood of default. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:
● general market conditions;
● the market’s perception of our growth potential;
● our current debt levels;
● our current and expected future earnings;
● our cash flow and cash distributions; and
● the market price per share of our Class A common stock.
Historically, the capital markets have been subject to significant disruptions. If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire or develop properties when strategic opportunities exist, meet the capital and operating needs of our existing properties, satisfy our debt service obligations or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We could incur significant costs and liabilities related to environmental matters.
Under various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, as a current or former owner of real property, we may be liable for costs and damages resulting from the presence or release of hazardous or toxic substances, waste or petroleum products at, on, in, under or migrating from such property, including costs to investigate, clean up such contamination and liability for any alleged harm to human health, property or natural resources. Such laws often impose strict liability without regard to fault, including whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such contamination, and the liability may be joint and several. These liabilities could be substantial and the cost of any required investigation, remediation, removal, fines or other costs could exceed the value of the property and/or our aggregate assets. In addition, the presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties may expose us to third-party liability for costs of remediation and/or personal or property damage or materially adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop our properties or to borrow using the properties as collateral. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. Moreover, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures. See “Business and Properties-Regulation-Environmental Matters.”
Some of our properties may have been or may be impacted by contamination arising from current or prior uses of the property, or adjacent properties, for commercial or industrial purposes. Such contamination may arise from spills of petroleum or hazardous substances or releases from tanks used to store such materials. We may not be aware of all potential or existing environmental contamination liabilities at the properties in our portfolio. As a result, we could potentially incur material liability for these issues.
As the owner of the buildings on our properties, we could face liability for the presence of hazardous materials, such as asbestos or lead, or other adverse conditions, such as poor indoor air quality, in our buildings. Environmental laws govern the presence, maintenance, and removal of hazardous materials in buildings, and if we do not comply with such laws, we could face fines for such noncompliance and could be required to abate, remove or otherwise address the hazardous material to achieve compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Also, we could be liable to third parties, such as occupants or employees of the buildings, for damages related to exposure to hazardous materials or adverse conditions in our buildings, and we could incur material expenses with respect to abatement or remediation of hazardous materials or other adverse conditions in our buildings. If we incur material environmental liabilities in the future, we may find it difficult to sell or lease any affected properties.
Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other air quality issues, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Indoor air quality issues can also stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources, and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants above certain levels can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected property or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from the USPS, employees of the USPS or others if property damage or personal injury is alleged to have occurred.
We are subject to risks from natural disasters, such as earthquakes and severe weather, and the risks associated with the physical effects of climate change.
Natural disasters and severe weather such as flooding, earthquakes, tornadoes or hurricanes may result in significant damage to our properties. Many of our properties are located in states like Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, and Louisiana that historically have experienced heightened risk for natural disasters like tornados and hurricanes. The extent of our casualty losses and loss in operating income in connection with such events is a function of the severity of the event and the total amount of exposure in the affected area. When we have geographic concentration of exposures, a single catastrophe (such as an earthquake) or destructive weather event (such as a tornado or hurricane) affecting a region may have a significant negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our financial results may be adversely affected by our exposure to losses arising from natural disasters or severe weather.
We also are exposed to risks associated with inclement winter weather, particularly in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Mid-West, including increased costs for the removal of snow and ice. Inclement weather also could increase the need for maintenance and repair of our properties.
Lastly, to the extent that climate change does occur, its physical effects could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity. These conditions could result in physical damage to our properties or declining demand for space in our buildings or the inability of us to operate the buildings at all in the areas affected by these conditions. Climate change also may have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy and increasing the cost of snow removal or related costs at our properties. Proposed legislation to address climate change could increase utility and other costs of operating our properties which, if not offset by rising rental income, would reduce our net income. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature or occur for lengthy periods of time, our properties, operations or business would be adversely affected.
Our properties may be subject to impairment charges.
We will assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our properties may be impaired. A property’s value is considered to be impaired only if the estimated aggregate future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by the property are less than the carrying value of the property. In our estimate of cash flows, we will consider factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If we are evaluating the potential sale of an asset or development alternatives, the undiscounted future cash flows analysis will consider the most likely course of action at the balance sheet date based on current plans, intended holding periods and available market information. We will be required to make subjective assessments as to whether there are impairments in the value of our properties. These assessments may be influenced by factors beyond our control, such as early vacating by a tenant or damage to properties due to earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and other natural disasters, fire, civil unrest, terrorist acts or acts of war. These assessments may have a direct impact on our earnings because recording an impairment charge results in an immediate negative adjustment to earnings. There can be no assurance that we will not take impairment charges in the future related to the impairment of our properties. Any such impairment could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in the period in which the charge is taken.
Our title insurance policies may not cover all title defects.
Our properties are insured by title policies. We have not, however, obtained new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with the acquisition of our initial properties in the Formation Transactions and certain acquisitions subsequent to the Formation Transactions. In some instances, these insurance policies are effective as of the time of the acquisition or later refinancing. As such, it is possible that there may be title defects that have arisen since such acquisition or refinancing for which we will have no title insurance coverage. If there were a material title defect related to any of our properties that is not adequately covered by a title insurance policy, we could lose some or all of our capital invested in and our anticipated profits from such property.
We may incur significant costs complying with various federal, state and local laws, regulations and covenants that are applicable to our properties.
Properties are subject to various covenants and federal, state and local laws and regulatory requirements, including permitting and licensing requirements. Local regulations, including municipal or local ordinances, zoning restrictions and restrictive covenants imposed by community developers may restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval from local officials or restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval from local officials of community standards organizations at any time with respect to our properties, including prior to developing or acquiring a property or when undertaking renovations of any of our existing properties. Among other things, these restrictions may relate to fire and safety, seismic or hazardous material abatement requirements. There can be no assurance that existing laws and regulatory policies will not adversely affect us or the timing or cost of any future development, acquisitions or renovations, or that additional regulations will not be adopted that increase such delays or result in additional costs. Our growth strategy may be affected by our ability to obtain permits, licenses and zoning relief.
In addition, federal and state laws and regulations, including laws such as the ADA and the Fair Housing Amendment Act of 1988, or FHAA, impose further restrictions on our properties and operations. Under the ADA and the FHAA, all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Some of our properties may currently be in non-compliance with the ADA or the FHAA. If one or more of the properties in our portfolio is not in compliance with the ADA, the FHAA or any other regulatory requirements, we may incur additional costs to bring the property into compliance, incur governmental fines, award damages to private litigants or be unable to refinance such properties. In addition, we do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether future requirements will require us to make significant unanticipated expenditures that will adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
We have acquired and may continue to acquire properties that are (i) leased to both the USPS and non-postal tenants, (ii) leased solely to non-postal tenants or (iii) in markets that are new to us, and we may not be able to adapt to these new business models.
We have acquired and may continue to acquire properties that are (i) leased to both the USPS and non-postal tenants, (ii) leased solely to non-postal tenants or (iii) in markets that are new to us, and we may not be able to adapt to these new business models. When we acquire such properties, we may face risks associated with lack of market or tenant knowledge or understanding of the local economy or operations of the new tenant. Additionally, we may face risks associated with forging new business relationships and unfamiliarity with local government and local or tenant-specific permitting procedures. We work to mitigate such risks through extensive diligence and research and associations with experienced service providers. However, there can be no guarantee that all such risks will be eliminated.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
Mr. Spodek and his affiliates own, directly or indirectly, a substantial beneficial interest in our company on a fully diluted basis and have the ability to exercise significant influence on our company and our operating partnership, including the approval of significant corporate transactions.
Mr. Spodek and his affiliates held approximately 14.3% of the combined voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock as of March 30, 2021. Pursuant to his ownership of Class A common stock and Voting Equivalency stock, Mr. Spodek and his affiliates have the ability to influence the outcome of matters presented to our stockholders, including the election of our Board of Directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, including business combinations, consolidations and mergers. Therefore, Mr. Spodek has substantial influence over us and could exercise influence in a manner that is not in the best interests of our other stockholders. This concentration of voting power might also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control that our stockholders may view as beneficial.
Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our operating partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our company under Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as the general partner of our operating partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our operating partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our fiduciary duties and obligations as the general partner of our operating partnership may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our company. Mr. Spodek owns a significant interest in our operating partnership as a limited partner and may have conflicts of interest in making decisions that affect both our stockholders and the limited partners of our operating partnership.
The partnership agreement provides that, in the event of a conflict between the interests of our operating partnership or any partner, on the one hand, and the separate interests of our company or our stockholders, on the other hand, we, in our capacity as the general partner of our operating partnership, are under no obligation not to give priority to the separate interests of our company or our stockholders, and that any action or failure to act on our part or on the part of our Board of Directors that gives priority to the separate interests of our company or our stockholders that does not result in a violation of the contract rights of the limited partners of the operating partnership under its partnership agreement does not violate the duty of loyalty that we, in our capacity as the general partner of our operating partnership, owe to the operating partnership and its partners.
Additionally, the partnership agreement provides that we will not be liable to the operating partnership or any partner for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by the operating partnership or any limited partner, except for liability for our intentional harm or gross negligence. Our operating partnership must indemnify us, our directors and officers, officers of our operating partnership and our designees from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of our operating partnership, unless (1) an act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) the person actually received an improper personal benefit in violation or breach of the partnership agreement or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Our operating partnership must also pay or reimburse the reasonable expenses of any such person upon its receipt of a written affirmation of the person’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to repay any amounts paid or advanced if it is ultimately determined that the person did not meet the standard of conduct for indemnification. Our operating partnership will not indemnify or advance funds to any person with respect to any action initiated by the person seeking indemnification without our approval (except for any proceeding brought to enforce such person’s right to indemnification under the partnership agreement) or if the person is found to be liable to our operating partnership on any portion of any claim in the action.
Our charter contains certain provisions restricting the ownership and transfer of our stock that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price for our Class A common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.
Our charter contains certain ownership limits with respect to our stock. Our charter, among other restrictions, prohibits, subject to certain exceptions, the beneficial or constructive ownership by any person of more than 8.5% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 8.5% of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our preferred stock. Our Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may exempt a person, prospectively or retroactively, from this ownership limit if certain conditions are satisfied. This ownership limit as well as other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock in our charter may:
● discourage a tender offer, proxy contest, or other transactions or a change in management or of control that might result in a premium price for our Class A common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests; and
● result in the transfer of shares acquired in excess of the restrictions to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and, as a result, the forfeiture by the acquirer of certain of the benefits of owning the additional shares.
We could increase the number of authorized shares of stock, classify and reclassify unissued stock and issue stock without stockholder approval.
Our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, has the power under our charter to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we are authorized to issue; provided that our board may not increase the number of shares of Voting Equivalency stock that we have authority to issue or reclassify any shares of our capital stock as Voting Equivalency stock without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock. In addition, under our charter, our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, has the power to authorize us to issue authorized but unissued shares of our Class A common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our Class A common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series of stock and set the preference, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for such newly classified or reclassified shares. As a result, we may issue series or classes of common stock or preferred stock with preferences, dividends, powers and rights, voting or otherwise, that are senior to, or otherwise conflict with, the rights of holders of our Class A common stock. Although our Board of Directors has no such intention at the present time, it could establish a class or series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our Class A common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.
Certain provisions of the MGCL, could inhibit changes of control, which may discourage third parties from conducting a tender offer or seeking other change of control transactions that could involve a premium price for our Class A common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.
Certain provisions of the MGCL may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our Class A common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares, including:
● “business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate thereof or an affiliate or associate of ours who was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding voting stock at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question) for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter imposes certain fair price and/or supermajority stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and
● “control share” provisions that provide that holders of “control shares” of our company (defined as shares that, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding “control shares”) have no voting rights with respect to their control shares, except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.
By resolution of our Board of Directors, we have opted out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and provide that any business combination between us and any other person is exempt from the business combination provisions of the MGCL, provided that the business combination is first approved by our Board of Directors (including a majority of directors who are not affiliates or associates of such persons). In addition, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, we have opted out of the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our Board of Directors may by resolution elect to opt into the business combination provisions of the MGCL and we may, by amendment to our bylaws, opt into the control share provisions of the MGCL in the future.
Certain provisions of the MGCL permit our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement certain corporate governance provisions, some of which (for example, a classified board) are not currently applicable to us. If implemented, these provisions may have the effect of limiting or precluding a third party from making an unsolicited acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our Class A common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price. Our charter contains a provision whereby we elect, at such time as we become eligible to do so, to be subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL relating to the filling of vacancies on our Board of Directors.
Our bylaws designate the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our bylaws generally provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland (or in certain circumstances, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Northern Division) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders with respect to our company, our directors, our officers or our employees. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that the stockholder believes is favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage meritorious claims from being asserted against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We adopted this provision because Maryland judges have more experience in dealing with issues of Maryland corporate law than judges in any other state and we believe it makes it less likely that we will be forced to incur the expense of defending duplicative actions in multiple forums and less likely that plaintiffs’ attorneys will be able to employ such litigation to coerce us into otherwise unjustified settlements.
Certain provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us.
Provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership may delay, or make more difficult, unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes of our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or change of our control, although some of our stockholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. These provisions include, among others:
● redemption rights;
● a requirement that we may not be removed as the general partner of our operating partnership without our consent;
● transfer restrictions on OP Units;
● our ability, as general partner, in some cases, to amend the partnership agreement and to cause the operating partnership to issue units with terms that could delay, defer or prevent a merger or other change of control of us or our operating partnership without the consent of the limited partners; and
● the right of the limited partners to consent to direct or indirect transfers of the general partnership interest, including as a result of a merger or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, in the event that such transfer requires approval by our common stockholders.
As of March 30, 2021, Mr. Spodek and his affiliates owned approximately 56.22 % of the outstanding OP Units including long-term incentive units of the Operating Partnership that are not owned by us (each, an “LTIP Unit” and collectively, the “LTIP Units) and approximately 5.6 % of the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and all of the Voting Equivalency stock, which together represent an approximate 18.4 % beneficial economic interest in our company on a fully diluted basis.
Tax protection agreements may limit our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of certain properties and may require our Operating Partnership to maintain certain debt levels that otherwise would not be required to operate our business.
In connection with contributions of properties to our Operating Partnership, our Operating Partnership has entered and may in the future enter into tax protection agreements under which it agrees to minimize the tax consequences to the contributing partners resulting from the sale or other disposition of the contributed properties. Tax protection agreements may make it economically prohibitive to sell any properties that are subject to such agreements even though it may otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests to do so. In addition, we may be required to maintain a minimum level of indebtedness throughout the term of any tax protection agreement regardless of whether such debt levels are otherwise required to operate our business or provide certain of our contributors the opportunity to guarantee debt or enter into a deficit restoration obligations upon a future repayment, retirement, refinancing or other reduction (other than scheduled amortization) of currently outstanding debt prior to the tenth anniversary of the completion of the Formation Transactions. If we fail to make such opportunities available, we will be required to deliver to each such contributor a cash payment intended to approximate the contributor’s tax liability resulting from our failure to make such opportunities available to that contributor and the tax liabilities incurred as a result of such tax protection payment. Nevertheless, we have entered and may in the future enter into tax protection agreements to assist contributors of properties to our Operating Partnership in deferring the recognition of taxable gain as a result of and after any such contribution.
Our Board of Directors may change our strategies, policies and procedures without stockholder approval, and we may become more highly leveraged, which may increase our risk of default under our debt obligations.
Our investment, financing, leverage and distribution policies, and our policies with respect to all other activities, including growth, capitalization and operations, will be determined exclusively by our Board of Directors, and may be amended or revised at any time by our Board of Directors without notice to or a vote of our stockholders. This could result in us conducting operational matters, making investments or pursuing different business or growth strategies than those contemplated in this report. Further, our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness, funded or otherwise, that we may incur. Our Board of Directors may alter or eliminate our current policy on borrowing at any time without stockholder approval. If this policy changed, we could become more highly leveraged which could result in an increase in our debt service. Higher leverage also increases the risk of default on our obligations. In addition, a change in our investment policies, including the manner in which we allocate our resources across our portfolio or the types of assets in which we seek to invest, may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, real estate market fluctuations and liquidity risk. Changes to our policies with regards to the foregoing could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Under Maryland law, generally, a director will not be liable if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:
● actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or
● active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.
Our charter requires us to indemnify, and advance expenses to, each director and officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors whereby we will indemnify our directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law against all expenses and liabilities incurred in their capacity as an officer and/or director, subject to limited exceptions. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our charter or that might exist with other companies.
We are a holding company with no direct operations and, as such, we rely on funds received from our operating partnership to pay liabilities, and the interests of our stockholders are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries.
We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our operations through our operating partnership. We do not have, apart from an interest in our operating partnership, any independent operations. As a result, we rely on cash distributions from our operating partnership to pay any dividends we declare on shares of our Class A common stock. We also rely on distributions from our operating partnership to meet any of our obligations, including any tax liability on taxable income allocated to us from our operating partnership. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as a stockholder will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our and our operating partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.
Our operating partnership may issue additional OP Units to third parties without the consent of our stockholders, which would reduce our ownership percentage in our operating partnership and could have a dilutive effect on the amount of distributions made to us by our operating partnership and, therefore, the amount of distributions we can make to our stockholders.
As of March 30, 2021, approximately 18.2 % of the outstanding OP Units (including the LTIP Units) of our operating partnership were held by third parties. We may, in connection with our acquisition of properties or otherwise, continue to issue additional OP Units to third parties. Such issuances would reduce our ownership percentage in our operating partnership and could affect the amount of distributions made to us by our operating partnership and, therefore, the amount of distributions we can make to our stockholders. Holders of OP Units do not have any voting rights with respect to any such issuances or other partnership level activities of our operating partnership.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Failure to remain qualified as a REIT would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distributions to our stockholders.
We have elected and intend to continue to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856-860 of the Code commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex tax rules, for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The fact that we hold substantially all our assets through a partnership further complicates the application of the REIT requirements. Even a seemingly minor technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Our REIT status depends upon various factual matters and circumstances that may not be entirely within our control. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws. For example, in order to qualify as a REIT, at least 95% of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualifying sources, such as rents from real property, and we must satisfy a number of requirements regarding the composition of our assets. Also, we must make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains. No assurances can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. In addition, new legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions, each of which could have retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT, or could reduce the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments. We have not requested and do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Services, or the IRS, that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not binding on the IRS or any court. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in qualifying as a REIT.
If we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT in any taxable year, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for distributions to our stockholders because:
● we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;
● we could be subject to increased state and local taxes; and
● unless we are entitled to relief under certain federal income tax laws, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.
In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to make distributions to our stockholders. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to some U.S. federal, state and local income, property and excise taxes on our income or property and, in certain cases, a 100% penalty tax, in the event we sell property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. In addition, our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) are subject to tax as regular corporations in the jurisdictions in which they operate.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flows.
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. In addition, under new partnership audit procedures applicable beginning in 2018, our operating partnership and any other partnership that we may own in the future may be liable at the entity level for any tax assessed under those procedures. Also, our TRS will be subject to regular corporate federal, state and local taxes. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distributions to stockholders.
Failure to make required distributions would subject us to federal corporate income tax.
We have operated and intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, each year to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% non-deductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code. Differences in timing between the recognition of income and the related cash receipts, limitations on our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries to deduct interest expense from borrowings under Section 163(j) of the Code or the effect of required debt amortization payments could require us to borrow or raise capital on terms we regard as unfavorable, or sell assets at prices or at times we regard as unfavorable to distribute out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax in a particular year.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To maintain qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our capital stock. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our performance.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities, securities of TRSs and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities, securities of TRSs and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by the securities of one or more TRSs. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to dispose of our properties.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We may be subject to the prohibited transaction tax equal to 100% of net gain upon a disposition of real property. Although a safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of real property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction is available, we cannot assure you that we can comply with the safe harbor or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Consequently, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of our properties or may conduct such sales through our TRS, which would be subject to federal and state income taxation.
We could be affected by tax liabilities or earnings and profits of our Predecessor.
A portion of our Predecessor that was taxable as a C corporation merged into us as a part of Formation Transactions. As a result of the merger, any unpaid tax liabilities of such taxable C corporation were transferred to us. Under an indemnification agreement, Mr. Spodek and his affiliates are required to make a payment to us in the event that there is a final determination of any such tax liabilities. If Mr. Spodek and his affiliates do not make such payment, we would be responsible for paying such tax liabilities, which would decrease cash available for distributions to stockholders.
There are uncertainties relating to the estimate of the accumulated earnings and profits attributable to UPH.
Because a portion of our predecessor, United Postal Holdings, Inc. or UPH, was a C corporation, to qualify as a REIT, we were required to distribute to our stockholders prior to the end of the taxable year ended December 31, 2019 all of UPH’s accumulated earnings and profits attributable taxable years prior to the Formation Transactions. Based on an earnings and profits study we obtained from an accounting firm, we do not believe that we had any accumulated earnings and profits attributable to UPH. While we believe that we satisfied the requirements relating to the distribution of UPH’s earnings and profits, the determination of the amount of accumulated earnings and profits attributable to UPH is a complex factual and legal determination. There are substantial uncertainties relating to the computation of our accumulated earnings and profits attributable to UPH, including our interpretation of the applicable law differently from the IRS. In addition, the IRS could, in auditing UPH’s tax years through the effective date of the merger with us, successfully assert that our taxable income should be increased, which could increase our earnings and profits attributable to UPH. Although there are procedures available to cure a failure to distribute all of our non-REIT earnings and profits, we cannot determine now whether we will be able to take advantage of them or the economic impact to us of doing so. If it is determined that we had undistributed non-REIT earnings and profits as of the end of any taxable year in which we elect to qualify as a REIT, and we are unable to cure the failure to distribute such earnings and profits, then we would fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code.
A sale of assets acquired as part of the merger between us and UPH within five years after the merger would result in corporate income tax, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
If we sell any asset that we acquired as part of the merger between us and UPH within five years after the merger and recognize a taxable gain on the sale, we will be taxed at the highest corporate rate on an amount equal to the lesser of:
● the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale; or
● the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time of the merger for its then fair market value.
This rule potentially could inhibit us from selling assets acquired as part of the merger within five years after the merger.
The ability of our Board of Directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to qualify as a REIT, we would become subject to federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders.
Our transactions with our TRS will cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm’s-length terms.
Overall, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the Code limits the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation and, in certain circumstances, other limitations on deductibility may apply. The Code also imposes a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
Our TRS will be subject to applicable federal, foreign, state and local income tax on its taxable income, and its after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to us. We believe that the aggregate value of the stock and securities of our TRS will be less than 20% of the value of our total assets (including our TRS stock and securities). Furthermore, we will monitor the value of our respective investments in our TRS for the purpose of ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations and will structure our transactions with our TRS on terms that we believe are arm’s length to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 20% limitation discussed above or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax.
You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of our Class A common stock.
The restrictions on ownership and transfer in our charter may inhibit market activity in our capital stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT for each taxable year, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, beneficially or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity beneficially or constructively owns our capital stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our capital stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year. To help ensure that we meet these tests, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our capital stock.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our Board of Directors to take such actions as are necessary to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our Board of Directors, our charter prohibits any person, other than Mr. Spodek, from beneficially or constructively owning more than 8.5% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 8.5% in value of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our preferred stock. Our charter permits Mr. Spodek to own up to 15.0% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding shares of common stock. Our Board of Directors may not grant an exemption from this restriction to any proposed transferee whose ownership would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. This as well as other restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if our Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT.
Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividend income from regular corporations.
Qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is subject to the reduced maximum tax rate applicable to capital gains. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced qualified dividend rates. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, non-corporate taxpayers may deduct up to 20% of certain pass-through business income, including “qualified REIT dividends” (generally, dividends received by a REIT shareholder that are not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income), subject to certain limitations, resulting in an effective maximum federal income tax rate of 29.6% on such income. Although the reduced federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our Class A common stock. Tax rates could be changed in future legislation.
If our operating partnership failed to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.
We believe that our operating partnership has been and will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our operating partnership generally will not be subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, will be allocated, and may be required to pay tax with respect to, its share of our operating partnership’s income. We cannot assure you, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of our operating partnership or any other subsidiary partnership in which we own an interest as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership or any such other subsidiary partnership as an entity taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, we would likely cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of our operating partnership or any subsidiary partnerships to qualify as a partnership could cause it to become subject to federal and state corporate income tax, which would reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.
To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions, and the unavailability of such capital on favorable terms at the desired times, or at all, may cause us to curtail our investment activities or dispose of assets at inopportune times and/or on unfavorable terms, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders, on an annual basis, at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. In addition, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rate (currently 21%) to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income (including net capital gains) and will be subject to a 4% non-deductible excise tax on the amount by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to continue to distribute our net income to our stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal income tax and the 4% non-deductible excise tax.
In addition, from time to time our taxable income may exceed our net income as determined by GAAP. This may occur, for instance, because realized capital losses are deducted in determining our GAAP net income, but may not be deductible in computing our taxable income. In addition, we may incur non-deductible capital expenditures or be required to make debt or amortization payments. As a result of the foregoing, we may generate less cash flow than taxable income in a particular year and we may incur U.S. federal income tax and the 4% non-deductible excise tax on that income if we do not distribute such income to stockholders in that year. In that event, we may be required to (i) use cash reserves, (ii) incur debt at rates or times that we regard as unfavorable, (iii) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (iv) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt, or (v) make a taxable distribution of our shares as part of a distribution in which stockholders may elect to receive our shares or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash in order to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal income tax and the 4% non-deductible excise tax in that year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Covenants in our agreements for our credit facilities or other borrowings may restrict our ability to pay distributions which could cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are generally required under the Code to distribute annually at least 90% of our net taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. In addition, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income, including any net capital gains. Under agreements for our credit facilities or other borrowings, we may be subject to various financial covenants that may inhibit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, which could restrict us from making sufficient distributions to maintain our REIT status.
New legislation or administrative or judicial action, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could adversely affect us or our stockholders.
The federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time, which could affect the federal income tax treatment of an investment in us. The federal income tax rules dealing with REITs constantly are under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department, which could result in statutory changes as well as frequent revisions to regulations and interpretations. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely to continue to occur. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any recent change in, or any new federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation.
General Risk Factors
An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our securities is our dividend rate as a percentage of our share or unit price, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase, prospective investors may desire a higher dividend or interest rate on our securities or seek securities paying higher dividends or interest. The market price of our Class A common stock likely will be based primarily on the earnings and return that we derive from our investments and income with respect to our properties and our related distributions to stockholders, and not from the market value or underlying appraised value of the properties or investments themselves. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market price of our Class A common stock. For instance, if interest rates rise without an increase in our dividend rate, the market price of our Class A common stock could decrease because potential investors may require a higher dividend yield on our Class A common stock as market rates on interest-bearing securities, such as bonds, rise. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay dividends.
Future offerings of equity securities, which would dilute our existing stockholders and may be senior to our Class A common stock for the purposes of dividend distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of equity securities, including classes of preferred or common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our Class A common stock, or both. Preferred stock could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our Class A common stock and diluting their holdings in us.
The market price of our Class A common stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile and has declined, and may continue to decline, which may result in a substantial or complete loss of your investment in our Class A common stock.
The stock markets have previously and recently experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock has been and could be similarly volatile in the future, and investors in our Class A common stock may experience a decrease in the value of their investments, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The market price of our Class A common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including:
● our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;
● actual or anticipated differences in our operating results;
● changes in our revenues or earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;
● publication of research reports about us or our industry by securities analysts;
● additions and departures of key personnel;
● strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as mergers and acquisitions, divestments, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy;
● the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments or executive policies that adversely affect us or our industry;
● speculation in the press or investment community;
● actions by institutional stockholders;
● changes in accounting principles;
● terrorist acts;
● general market conditions, including factors unrelated to our performance; and
● pandemics and epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the related governmental and economic responses thereto.
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.
Future sales of our Class A common stock, preferred stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our Class A common stock could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.
We cannot predict whether future sales of our Class A common stock, preferred stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our Class A common stock or the availability of these securities for resale in the open market will decrease the market price of our Class A common stock. Sales of a substantial number of these securities in the public market, including sales upon the redemption of OP Units, or the perception that these sales might occur, may cause the market price of our common shares to decline and you could lose all or a portion of your investment. Future issuances of our Class A common stock, preferred stock, or other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our Class A common stock, including, without limitation, OP Units, in connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions and issuances of equity-based awards to participants in our Equity Incentive Plan, could have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A common stock. Future issuances of these securities also could adversely affect the terms upon which we obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. In addition, future sales or issuances of our Class A common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders.
We face cybersecurity risks and risks associated with security breaches which have the potential to disrupt our operations, cause material harm to our financial condition, result in misappropriation of assets, compromise confidential information and/or damage our business relationships and can provide no assurance that the steps we and our service providers take in response to these risks will be effective.
We face cybersecurity risks and risks associated with security breaches or disruptions, such as through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to emails, social engineering and phishing schemes or persons inside our organization. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions, including by computer hackers, nation-state affiliated actors, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. These incidents may result in disruption of our operations, material harm to our financial condition, cash flows and the market price of our common shares, misappropriation of assets, compromise or corruption of confidential information collected in the course of conducting our business, liability for stolen information or assets, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, regulatory enforcement, litigation and damage to our stakeholder relationships. These risks require continuous and likely increasing attention and other resources from us to, among other actions, identify and quantify these risks, upgrade and expand our technologies, systems and processes to adequately address them and provide periodic training for our employees to assist them in detecting phishing, malware and other schemes. Such attention diverts time and other resources from other activities and there is no assurance that our efforts will be effective. Additionally, we rely on third-party service providers in our conduct of day-to-day property management, leasing and other activities at our properties and we can provide no assurance that the networks and systems that our third-party vendors have established or used will be effective.
In the normal course of business, we and our service providers (including service providers engaged in providing property management, leasing, accounting and/or payroll services) collect and retain certain personal information provided by our tenants, employees and vendors. We also rely extensively on computer systems to process transactions and manage our business. We can provide no assurance that the data security measures designed to protect confidential information on our systems established by us and our service providers will be able to prevent unauthorized access to this personal information. There can be no assurance that our efforts to maintain the security and integrity of the information we and our service providers collect and our and their computer systems will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging with the potential for disruption in our operations, material harm to our financial condition, cash flows and the market price of our common shares, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, regulatory enforcement, litigation and damage to our stakeholder relationships.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2020, we owned a portfolio of 726 postal properties located in 47 states comprising approximately of 2.7 million net leasable interior square feet. All of our properties were leased to a single tenant, the USPS, other than the multi-tenant industrial facility located in Warrendale, PA. The USPS occupies 73% of this property as a distribution facility. The following map shows our footprint of owned and managed properties as of December 31, 2020.
Explanatory Note:
(1) We own one property in Galena, AK, which has been omitted from this map.
Information regarding our properties as of December 31, 2020 are included in “Item 15. “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules-Schedule III. Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Scheduled Lease Expirations
As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining years to maturity pursuant to our leases with the USPS was approximately 3.7 years, with expirations through 2029. The table below details scheduled lease expirations, as of December 31, 2020, for our properties for the periods indicated.
Number of
Leases Total Lease
Square Footage Annualized Lease
Revenue (1)
Year Expiring Amount % Amount %
2021(2) 158,539 5.9 % 1,621,273 6.3 %
2022(3) 518,523 19.4 % 4,296,681 16.6 %
305,298 11.4 % 3,360,624 13.0 %
487,394 18.3 % 4,338,923 16.8 %
352,792 13.2 % 4,693,943 18.2 %
590,786 22.1 % 4,733,975 18.3 %
209,528 7.9 % 2,253,631 8.7 %
33,004 1.2 % 294,220 1.1 %
12,311 0.5 % 216,238 0.8 %
Totals 2,668,175 100.0 % $ 25,809,508 100.0 %
Explanatory Notes:
(1) Expiring rent calculated on the last contracted rent paid monthly annualized.
(2) Includes approximately 42,000 of interior lease square footage and annualized lease revenue of $0.6 million occupied by month-to-month holdover leases or leases that expired during the year ended December 31, 2020.
(3) 135 of the 212 leases are under a master lease that was scheduled to expire in 2022 as of December 31, 2020. Such master lease was extended in January 2021 to February 2027.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We and our subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to litigation arising from the ordinary course of their business. We are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any other litigation threatened against us, other than routine actions for negligence or other claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance and all of which collectively are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations or business or financial condition.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our Class A common stock trades on the NYSE under the symbol “PSTL”. As of March 30, 2021, there were 13,326,514 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding and three stockholders of record. This number of stockholders of record does not represent the actual number of beneficial owners of our Class A common stock because shares of our Class A common stock are frequently held in “street name” by securities dealers and others for the benefit of beneficial owners who may vote the shares.
In addition, as of March 30, 2021, there were 27,206 shares of Voting Equivalency stock issued and outstanding and 2,987,063 OP Units and LTIP units held by limited partners other than the Company outstanding. All shares of Voting Equivalency stock issued and outstanding are held by Mr. Spodek and his affiliates. No public trading market exists for such shares.
We intend to continue to declare quarterly dividends on our Class A common stock. The actual amount and timing of dividends, however, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our financial condition in addition to the requirements of the Code, and no assurance can be given as to the amounts or timing of future distributions.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by Item 5 is incorporated by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2021 annual stockholders’ meeting.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. RESERVED

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with, the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 and as of December 31, 2019 and of the Company and the Company’s accounting Predecessor for the year ended December 31, 2019.
As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “our company” refer to Postal Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, including Postal Realty LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“our Operating Partnership”), of which we are the sole general partner and which we refer to in this section as our Operating Partnership.
Prior to the closing of our IPO on May 17, 2019, Andrew Spodek, our chief executive officer and a member of our Board of Directors, directly or indirectly controlled 190 properties owned by the Predecessor that were contributed as part of the Formation Transactions. Of these 190 properties, 140 were held indirectly by our Predecessor through a series of holding companies, which we refer to collectively as “UPH.” The remaining 50 properties were owned by Mr. Spodek through 12 limited liability companies and one limited partnership, which we refer to collectively as the “Spodek LLCs.” References to our Predecessor consist of UPH, the Spodek LLCs and Nationwide Postal Management, Inc., a property management company whose management business we acquired in the Formation Transactions, collectively.
This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions associated with those statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those in “Risk Factors” and included in other portions of this report.
Overview
Company
We were formed as a Maryland corporation on November 19, 2018 and commenced operations upon completion of our IPO and the related Formation Transactions. We conduct our business through a traditional UPREIT structure in which our properties are owned by our Operating Partnership directly or through limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries. At the completion of our IPO and the Formation Transactions, we owned a portfolio of 271 postal properties located in 41 states comprising approximately of 872,000 net leasable interior square feet, all of which were leased to the USPS. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we acquired 261 postal properties leased primarily to the USPS for approximately $130 million, excluding closing costs. As of December 31, 2020, our portfolio consists of 726 owned postal properties, located in 47 states and comprising approximately 2.7 million net leasable interior square feet.
The following charts show certain statistics of our portfolio as of December 31, 2020:
Portfolio by % of Aggregate Interior Square Feet
Portfolio by % of Aggregate Gross Rent
We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership through which our postal properties are directly or indirectly owned. As of March 30, 2021, we own approximately 81.8% of our outstanding OP Units, including LTIP Units. Our Board of Directors oversees our business and affairs.
Follow on Offering and ATM Program
On July 15, 2020, we priced a public offering of 3.5 million shares of our Class A common stock, or the July Follow-on Offering, at $13.00 per share. On July 17, 2020, the underwriters purchased an additional 521,840 shares pursuant to a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 525,000 shares at $13.00 per share, or the July Additional Shares. The July Follow-on Offering, including the July Additional Shares, closed on July 20, 2020 resulting in $52.2 million in gross proceeds, and approximately $49.4 million in net proceeds after deducting approximately $2.9 million in underwriting discounts and before giving effect to $0.9 million in other estimated expenses relating to the July Follow-on Offering.
On December 14, 2020, we entered into separate open market sale with each of Jefferies LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, BMO Capital Markets Corp., Janney Montgomery Scott LLC and D.A. Davidson & Co., pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, shares our Class A common stock having an aggregate sales price of up to $50,000,000. As of December 31, 2020, we had $50.0 million of availability remaining under the ATM Program.
Pursuant to the open market sale agreements, shares of our Class A common stock may be offered and sold through the sales agents in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, including sales made directly on the NYSE or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or, subject to the terms of a written notice from us, in privately negotiated transactions.
Executive Overview
We are an internally managed REIT with a focus on acquiring and managing properties primarily leased to the USPS. We believe the overall opportunity for consolidation that exists within the postal logistics network is very attractive. We continue to execute our strategy to acquire and consolidate postal properties that will generate strong earnings for our shareholders.
Geographic Concentration
As of December 31, 2020, we owned a portfolio of 726 postal properties located in 47 states leased primarily to the USPS. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 10.0% of our total of rental income was concentrated in Pennsylvania. Such geographical concentration could expose the Company to certain downturns in the economies of those states or other changes in such states’ respective real estate market conditions. Any material changes in the current payments programs or regulatory, economic, environmental or competitive conditions in any of these areas could have an effect on our overall business results. In the event of negative economic or other changes in any of these markets, our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares may be adversely affected.
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
In addition, the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have availed ourselves of these exemptions; although, subject to certain restrictions, we may elect to stop availing ourselves of these exemptions in the future even while we remain an “emerging growth company.”
We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenue equals or exceeds $1.07 billion (subject to periodic adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our IPO, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and have elected to take advantage of certain scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”
We elected to be treated as a REIT under the Code beginning with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2019. As long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent that we distribute our taxable income for each tax year to our stockholders.
Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations
The USPS
We are dependent on the USPS’s financial and operational stability. The USPS is currently facing a variety of circumstances that are threatening its ability to fund its operations and other obligations as currently conducted without intervention by the federal government.
The USPS is constrained by laws and regulations that restrict revenue sources, mandate certain expenses and cap its borrowing capacity. As a result, the USPS is unable to fund its mandated expenses and continues to be subject to mandated payments to its retirement system and health benefits for current workers and retirees. The USPS has taken the position that productivity improvements and cost reduction measures alone without legislative and regulatory intervention will not be sufficient to maintain the ability to meet all of its existing obligations when due. Further, although the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, as amended by Public Law 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, includes a $10.0 billion loan to the USPS, there can be no assurances that this financing will be sufficient to sustain USPS operations in light of current shortfalls resulting from reduced mail volumes.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures being taken to prevent its spread has resulted in a reduction in foot traffic in many public places, including postal properties. A continued reduction in the use of in-person services may reduce the demand for postal properties by the USPS and our results of operations could decline as a result. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also caused a decline in mail volume, particularly in advertising conducted through the mail, which may adversely affect the USPS’s financial condition, and therefore the demand for postal properties. Continued reduction or permanent changes to mail volume could reduce demand for postal properties and materially adversely affect our result of operations.
Finally, as a result of the proposed and executed operational, managerial and strategic changes within the USPS and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly increased the number of absentee ballots utilized for the 2020 presidential election, the USPS is the focal point of recent litigation. As of the date of this report, several lawsuits have been filed against Mr. DeJoy, the USPS and former President Donald Trump pertaining to operational changes at the USPS, mail delays and mail-in voting for the 2020 presidential election. If, as a result of any backlogs, political rhetoric or litigation, the USPS suffers reputational or financial harm or an increase in regulatory scrutiny, the demand for USPS services may decline, which may lead to reduced demand for USPS properties. The results of these changes or any future changes could lead to additional delays or financing shortfalls for the USPS.
Revenues
We derive revenues primarily from rent and tenant reimbursements under leases with the USPS for our properties, and fee and other income under the management agreements with respect to the postal properties owned by Mr. Spodek, his family members and their partners managed by PRM, our TRS. Rental income represents the lease revenue recognized under leases with the USPS which includes the impact of above and below market lease intangibles. Tenant reimbursements primarily represents payments made by the USPS under the leases to reimburse us for the majority of real estate taxes paid at each property. Fee and other income principally represent revenue PRM receives from postal properties owned by Mr. Spodek, his family members and their partners pursuant to the management agreements and is a percentage of the lease revenue for the managed property. As of December 31, 2020, all properties leased to the USPS had an average remaining lease term of 3.7 years. Factors that could affect our rental income, tenant reimbursement and fee and other income in the future include, but are not limited to: (i) our ability to renew or replace expiring leases and management agreements; (ii) local, regional or national economic conditions; (iii) an oversupply of, or a reduction in demand for, postal space; (iv) changes in market rental rates; (v) changes to the USPS’s current property leasing program or form of lease; and (vi) our ability to provide adequate services and maintenance at our properties and managed properties.
Operating Expenses
We lease our properties to the USPS. The majority of our leases are modified double-net leases, whereby the USPS is responsible for utilities, routine maintenance and the reimbursement of property taxes and the landlord is responsible for insurance and roof and structure. Thus, an increase in costs related to the landlord’s responsibilities under these leases could negatively influence our operating results. Refer to “Lease Renewal” for further discussion.
Operating expenses generally consist of real estate taxes, property operating expenses, which consist of insurance, repairs and maintenance (other than those for which the tenant is responsible), property maintenance-related payroll and depreciation and amortization. Factors that may affect our ability to control these operating costs include but are not limited to: the cost of periodic repair, renovation costs, the cost of re-leasing space and the potential for liability under applicable laws. Recoveries from the tenant are recognized as revenue on an accrual basis over the periods in which the related expenditures are incurred. Tenant reimbursements and operating expenses are recognized on a gross basis, because (i) generally, we are the primary obligor with respect to the real estate taxes and (ii) we bear the credit risk in the event the tenant does not reimburse the real estate taxes.
The expenses of owning and operating a property are not necessarily reduced when circumstances, such as market factors and competition, cause a reduction in income from the property. If revenues drop, we may not be able to reduce our expenses accordingly. Costs associated with real estate investments generally will not be materially reduced even if a property is not fully occupied or other circumstances cause our revenues to decrease. As a result, if revenues decrease in the future, static operating costs may adversely affect our future cash flow and results of operations.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense represents personnel costs, professional fees, legal fees, insurance, consulting fees, portfolio servicing costs and other expenses related to corporate governance, filing reports with the SEC and the NYSE, and other compliance matters. Our Predecessor was privately owned and historically did not incur costs that we incur as a public company. In addition, while we expect that our general and administrative expenses will continue to rise as our portfolio grows, we expect that such expenses as a percentage of our revenues will decrease over time due to efficiencies and economies of scale.
Equity-Based Compensation Expense
All equity-based compensation expense is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations as components of general and administrative expense and property operating expenses. We issue share-based awards to align our employees’ interests with those of our investors.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense relate primarily to depreciation on properties and improvements and to amortization of certain lease intangibles.
Indebtedness and Interest Expense
Interest expense for our Predecessor related primarily to three mortgage loans payable and related party interest-only promissory notes, See Note 5-Debt of the accompanying financial statements for further details. As a result of the Formation Transactions, we assumed certain indebtedness of the Predecessor, a portion of which was repaid without penalty using a portion of the net proceeds from our IPO. On September 27, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement, as amended the Credit Agreement with People’s United Bank, National Association, individually and as administrative agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., as syndication agent, and certain other lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for a senior revolving credit facility with revolving commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million and, subject to customary conditions, the option to increase the aggregate lending commitments under the agreement by up to $100.0 million, or the Accordion Feature. On January 30, 2020, we amended the Credit Agreement in order to exercise a portion of the Accordion Feature to increase the maximum amount available under the Credit Facility to $150.0 million, subject to the borrowing base properties identified therein remaining unencumbered and subject to an executed lease. On June 25, 2020, the Company further amended the Credit Agreement to revise, among other items, certain definitions and borrowing base calculations to increase available capacity, as well as the restrictive covenant pertaining to Consolidated Tangible Net Worth (as defined in such amendment). On November 24, 2020, we amended the Credit Agreement to revise, among other items, certain definitions and borrowing base calculations to allow Leases other than the USPS at a Real Property subject to certain limitations (as defined in such amendment).
As of December 31, 2020, the leases at 15 of our properties were expired and the USPS was occupying such properties as a holdover tenant, thereby excluding such properties from being part of the borrowing base under our Credit Facility. Subsequent to December 31, 2020, we executed all leases for these 15 properties. We intend to use the Credit Facility for working capital purposes, which may include repayment of mortgage indebtedness, property acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. Consistent with the method adopted by our Predecessor, we amortize on a non-cash basis the deferred financing costs associated with its debt to interest expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest rate method over the terms of the related loans. Any changes to the debt structure, including debt financing associated with property acquisitions, could materially influence the operating results depending on the terms of any such indebtedness.
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our net taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. Under the Code, REITs are subject to numerous organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that they distribute each year at least 90% of their REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our income for that year will be taxed at regular corporate rates, and we would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. Even though we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to state and local taxes on our income and assets and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income. Additionally, any income earned by PRM and any other TRS we form in the future, will be subject to federal, state and local corporate income tax.
Lease Renewal
As of December 31, 2020, the leases at 15 of our properties were expired and the USPS was occupying such properties as a holdover tenant. See “Item 2. Properties- Lease Expiration Schedule”. As of March 30, 2021, 11 leases were in holdover status representing $0.2 million of annual rental revenue. We might not be successful in renewing the leases that are in holdover status or that are expiring in 2021, or obtaining positive rent renewal spreads, or even renewing the leases on terms comparable to those of the expiring leases. If we are not successful, we will likely experience reduced occupancy, traffic, rental revenue and net operating income, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to shareholders.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 include our consolidated results for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 include our consolidated results for the period from our IPO on May 17, 2019 through December 31, 2019 and combined consolidated results of our Predecessor for the period from January 1, 2019 through May 16, 2019. We incurred a net loss of $0.6 million in 2020 and a loss of $2.0 million since the completion of our IPO on May 17, 2019 through December 31, 2019, which includes the loss on early extinguishment of our Predecessor’s debt of $0.2 million and equity-based compensation of approximately $1.0 million. See Note 3-Real Estate Acquisitions of the accompanying financial statements for information regarding our real estate acquisition activity during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
For the Year Ended December 31,
$ Change % Change
Revenues
Rental income $ 20,268,761 $ 8,865,868 $ 11,402,893 129 %
Tenant reimbursements 3,046,234 1,311,121 1,735,113 132 %
Fee and other income 1,360,877 1,112,367 248,510 22 %
Total revenues 24,675,872 11,289,356 13,386,516 119 %
Operating expenses
Real estate taxes 3,095,435 1,366,892 1,728,543 127 %
Property operating expenses 1,924,405 1,207,486 716,919 59 %
General and administrative 8,229,753 4,846,392 3,383,361 70 %
Depreciation and amortization 9,162,934 3,800,059 5,362,875 141 %
Total operating expenses 22,412,527 11,220,829 11,191,698 100 %
Income from operations 2,263,345 68,527 2,194,818 3203 %
Interest expense, net
Contractual interest expense (2,345,532 ) (1,098,788 ) (1,246,744 ) 114 %
Write-off and amortization of deferred financing fees (472,094 ) (242,763 ) (229,331 ) 95 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt - (185,586 ) 185,586 (100 )%
Interest income 2,745 5,928 (3,183 ) (54 )%
Total interest expense, net (2,814,881 ) (1,521,209 ) (1,293,672 ) 85 %
Loss before income tax expense (551,536 ) (1,452,682 ) 901,146 (62 )%
Income tax expense (89,342 ) (39,749 ) (49,593 ) 125 %
Net loss $ (640,878 ) $ (1,492,431 ) $ 851,553 (57 )%
Revenues
Total revenues increased by $13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in revenue is attributable to the properties that we acquired in connection with the Formation Transactions being part of our portfolio for all of 2020 and the effects of the properties that we acquired since the completion of our IPO.
Rental income - Rental income increased $11.4 million year over year primarily due to the properties that we acquired in connection with the Formation Transactions being part of our portfolio for all of 2020 and the effects of the properties that we acquired since the completion of our IPO.
Tenant reimbursements - Tenant reimbursements increased $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily due to the properties that we acquired in connection with the Formation Transactions being part of our portfolio for all of 2020 and the effects of the properties that we acquired since the completion of our IPO.
Fee and other income. Other revenue increased by $0.2 million, to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily due to higher insurance recoveries for the year ended December 31, 2020, offset by lower miscellaneous income.
Operating Expense
Real estate taxes - Real estate taxes increased by $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 as a result of the properties that we acquired in connection with the Formation Transactions being part of our portfolio for all of 2020 and the effects of the properties that we acquired since the completion of our IPO.
Property operating expenses - Property operating expenses increased by $0.7 million to $1.9 million for December 31, 2020 from $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Property management expenses are included within property operating expenses and increased by $0.1 million to $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The remainder of the increase of $0.6 million is related to expenses related to repairs and maintenance and insurance that we were acquired in connection with the Formation Transactions being part of our portfolio for all of 2020 and the effects of the properties that we acquired since the completion of our IPO.
General and administrative - General and administrative expenses increased by $3.4 million to $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to higher professional fees and increased personnel and investor relations expenses as a result of being a public company. In addition, equity-based compensation expense increased by $1.2 million for year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, due to additional equity-based compensation expense for awards that have been granted since our IPO.
Depreciation and amortization - Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $5.4 million to $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, and is primarily related to the properties that we acquired as part of the Formation Transactions being part of our portfolio for all of 2020 and the effects of the properties that we acquired since the completion of our IPO.
Total Interest Expense, Net
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred total interest expense, net of $2.8 million compared to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in interest expense is primarily related to the interest incurred on increased borrowings from the Credit Facility entered into in September 2019 and the amortization of deferred financing costs related to the Credit Facility. This increase is offset by a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $0.2 million incurred in connection with the IPO during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Cash Flows
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019
The Company had $2.2 million of cash and $1.1 million of escrows and reserves as of December 31, 2020 compared to $12.5 million of cash and $0.7 million of escrows and reserves as of December 31, 2019.
Cash flow from operating activities - Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $6.5 million to $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $2.9 million for the same period in 2019. The increase is primarily due to the addition of postal properties that were acquired since the IPO, all of which have generated additional rental income and related changes in working capital.
Cash flow to investing activities - Net cash used in investing activities increased by $53.5 million to $126.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $72.7 million for the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to the 261 postal properties that we acquired during 2020.
Cash flow from financing activities - Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $24.7 million to $106.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $82.1 million provided by the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily related to higher net borrowings during the year ended December 31, 2020 offset by lower proceeds from equity offerings and higher payments of dividends since our IPO.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources
We had approximately $2.2 million of cash and $1.1 million of escrows and reserves as of December 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, we had $78.0 million outstanding under our Credit Facility. On January 30, 2020, we exercised the accordion feature on the Credit Facility to increase permitted borrowings to $150.0 million from $100.0 million subject to the borrowing base properties identified therein remaining unencumbered and subject to an executed lease. On June 25, 2020, the Company further amended the Credit Agreement to revise, among other items, certain definitions and borrowing base calculations to increase available capacity, as well as the restrictive covenant pertaining to Consolidated Tangible Net Worth (as defined in such amendment). On November 24, 2020, we amended the Credit Agreement to revise, among other items, certain definitions and borrowing base calculations to allow Leases other than the USPS at a Real Property subject to certain limitations (as defined in such amendment). We intend to use our Credit Facility for working capital purposes, which may include repayment of indebtedness, property acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2020, the leases at 15 of our properties had expired and the USPS was occupying such properties as a holdover tenant, thereby excluding such properties from being part of the borrowing base under our Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility is guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the Company and certain indirect subsidiaries of the Company, or the Subsidiary Guarantors, and includes a pledge of equity interests in the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens on assets, make certain types of investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations, sell assets, enter into hedging transactions, enter into certain transactions with affiliates and make distributions. The Credit Agreement requires compliance with consolidated financial maintenance covenants to be tested quarterly, including a maximum consolidated secured indebtedness ratio, maximum consolidated leverage ratio, minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, minimum consolidated tangible net worth, maximum dividend payout ratio, maximum consolidated unsecured leverage ratio, and minimum debt service coverage ratio. The Credit Agreement also contains certain customary events of default, including the failure to make timely payments under the Credit Facility, any event or condition that makes other material indebtedness due prior to its scheduled maturity, the failure to satisfy certain covenants and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency.
Our short-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of operating expenses and other expenditures associated with our properties, distributions to our limited partners and distributions to our stockholders required to qualify for REIT status, capital expenditures and, potentially, acquisitions. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations, cash, borrowings under our Credit Facility and the potential issuance of securities.
Our long-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at maturity, property acquisitions and non-recurring capital improvements. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term indebtedness including our Credit Facility and mortgage financing, the issuance of equity and debt securities and proceeds from select sales of our properties. We also may fund property acquisitions and non-recurring capital improvements using our Credit Facility pending permanent property-level financing.
We believe we have access to multiple sources of capital to fund our long-term liquidity requirements, including the incurrence of additional debt and the issuance of additional equity securities. However, in the future, there may be a number of factors that could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including unfavorable conditions in the overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base, borrowing restrictions imposed by our lenders, general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance, liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, to a significant degree, on our ability to access these various capital sources. In addition, we continuously evaluate possible acquisitions of postal properties, which largely depend on, among other things, the market for owning and leasing postal properties and the terms on which the USPS will enter into new or renewed leases.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make distributions to our stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding capital gains. As a result of this requirement, we cannot rely on retained earnings to fund our business needs to the same extent as other entities that are not REITs. If we do not have sufficient funds available to us from our operations to fund our business needs, we will need to find alternative ways to fund those needs. Such alternatives may include, among other things, divesting ourselves of properties (whether or not the sales price is optimal or otherwise meets our strategic long-term objectives), incurring indebtedness or issuing equity securities in public or private transactions, the availability and attractiveness of the terms of which cannot be assured.
Consolidated Indebtedness
As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $125.0 million of outstanding consolidated principal indebtedness. The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 with respect to the outstanding indebtedness of the Company:
Amount
Outstanding
as of
December 31,
Amount
Outstanding
as of
December 31,
Interest
Rate
as of
December 31,
Maturity Date
Credit Facility(1) $ 78,000,000 $ 54,000,000 LIBOR+170bps (2) September 2023
Vision Bank(3) 1,458,450 1,522,672 4.00 % September 2036
First Oklahoma Bank(4) 364,077 378,005 4.50 % December 2037
Vision Bank - 2018(5) 868,818 900,385 5.00 % January 2038
Seller Financing(6) 445,000 445,000 6.00 % January 2025
First Oklahoma Bank - April 2020(7) 4,522,311 - 4.25 % April 2040
First Oklahoma Bank - June 2020(8) 9,152,000 - 4.25 % June 2040
AIG-December 2020(9) 30,225,000 - 2.80 % January 2031
Total Principal $ 125,035,656 $ 57,246,062
Explanatory Notes:
(1) On September 27, 2019, we entered into our Credit Agreement, which provides for revolving commitments in an aggregate principal amount of a $100.0 million and an accordion feature that permits us to borrow up to $200.0 million, subject to customary conditions. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we amended the Credit Agreement in order to exercise a portion our accordion feature to increase permitted borrowings to $150.0 million from $100.0 million, subject to the borrowing base properties identified therein remaining unencumbered and subject to an enforceable lease. As of December 31, 2020, $150.0 million in aggregate principal amount under the Credit Facility was authorized and $78.0 million was drawn. Our ability to borrow under the Credit Facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the Credit Facility’s debt covenants.
(2) As of December 31, 2020, the one-month LIBOR rate was 0.15%.
(3) Five properties are collateralized under this loan as of December 31, 2020 with Mr. Spodek as the guarantor. On September 8, 2021 and every five years thereafter, the interest rate will reset at a variable annual rate of Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (“Prime”) + 0.5%.
(4) The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on four properties and a personal guarantee of payment by Mr. Spodek. Interest rate resets on December 31, 2022 to Prime + 0.25%.
(5) The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on one property and a personal guarantee of payment by Mr. Spodek. Interest rate resets on January 31, 2023 to Prime + 0.5%.
(6) In connection with the acquisition of a property, we obtained seller financing secured by the property in the amount $0.4 million requiring five annual payments of principal and interest of $105,661 with the first installment due on January 2, 2021 based on a 6.0% interest rate per annum through January 2, 2025.
(7) In connection with the purchase of a 13-building portfolio, we obtained $4.5 million of mortgage financing, at a fixed interest rate of 4.25% with interest only for the first 18 months, which resets in November 2026 to the greater of Prime or 4.25%.
(8) The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on 22 properties. The interest rate resets in January 2027 to the greater of Prime or 4.25%.
(9) The loan is secured by a cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted first mortgage lien on the Industrial Property. The loan has a fixed interest rate of 2.80% with interest-only payments for the first five years and fixed payments of principal and interest thereafter based on a 30-year amortization schedule.
Secured Borrowings as of December 31, 2020
As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $47.0 million of secured borrowings outstanding, all of which is fixed rate debt with a weighted average interest rate of 3.34% per annum. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we obtained mortgage loans in the aggregate amount of $44.0 million.
Contractual Obligations and Other Long-Term Liabilities
The following table provides information with respect to our commitments as of December 31, 2020, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations.
Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations Total Within
1 year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than
5 years
Credit facility $ 78,000,000 $ - $ 78,000,000 - $ -
Principal payments on mortgage loans 47,035,656 220,497 1,437,066 1,572,077 43,806,016
Interest payments(1) 20,563,866 3,153,035 5,927,164 2,927,487 8,556,180
Operating lease obligations(2) 1,937,019 212,469 442,106 126,244 1,156,200
Total $ 147,536,541 $ 3,586,001 $ 85,806,336 $ 4,625,808 $ 53,518,396
Explanatory Notes:
(1) The amounts shown relate to (i) interest on the $78.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility as of December 31, 2020 at LIBOR plus 1.70%, (ii) assuming the amount outstanding under the Credit Facility remains at the December 31, 2020 level of $78.0 million, an unused facility fee under the Credit Facility of 0.25% through the remainder of the term and (iii) interest on the outstanding mortgage loans.
(2) Operating lease obligations relate to the lease for our corporate headquarters and two ground leases at certain of our properties.
Dividends
To qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to pay dividends to stockholders at least equal to 90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we paid cash dividends of $0.79 per share.
Subsequent Events
Financing Activity
On February 3, 2021, we repaid the First Oklahoma Bank-April 2020 and First Oklahoma Bank-June 2020 with proceeds from a borrowing from our Credit Facility. The Company had net credit facility activity of $10.5 million during the period subsequent to December 31, 2020. As of the date of this report, the Company had $67.5 million drawn on its credit facility.
Real Estate Acquisitions
Subsequent to December 31, 2020, we have acquired 54 postal properties in individual or small portfolio transactions for approximately $25.7 million.
Follow-on Offering
On January 11, 2021, we priced a public offering of 3,250,000 shares of our Class A common stock, or the January Follow-on Offering, at $15.25 per share. On January 12, 2021, the underwriters purchased an additional 487,500 shares pursuant to a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 487,500 shares at $15.25 per share, or the January Additional Shares. The January Follow-on Offering, including the January Additional Shares, closed on January 14, 2021 resulting in $57.0 million in gross proceeds, and approximately $53.9 million in net proceeds after deducting approximately $3.1 million in underwriting discounts and before giving effect to $0.3 million in other estimated expenses relating to the January Follow-on Offering.
Dividends
On January 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved and we declared a fourth quarter common stock dividend of $0.2175 per share which was paid on February 26, 2021 to stockholders of record on February 12, 2021.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon the historical consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements of the Company and our Predecessor that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to exercise our best judgment in making estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, based upon current available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC. In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, management is required to exercise judgment and make assumptions and estimates that may impact the carrying value of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Set forth below is a summary of our accounting policies that we believe are critical to the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Our accounting policies are more fully discussed in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
As an “emerging growth company,” we intend to avail ourselves of the extended transition periods for adopting new or revised accounting standards that would otherwise apply to us as a public reporting company, although, subject to certain restrictions we may elect to stop availing ourselves of these exceptions in the future even while we remain an “emerging growth company.” As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of other public reporting companies that either are not emerging growth companies or that are emerging growth companies but have opted not to avail themselves of these provisions of the JOBS Act and investors may deem our securities a less attractive investment relative to those other companies, which could adversely affect our stock price.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements include the financial position and results of operations of the Company, its Predecessor, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Predecessor represents a combination of certain entities holding interests in real estate that were commonly controlled prior to the Formation Transactions. Due to their common control, the financial statements of the separate Predecessor entities which owned the properties and the management company are presented on a combined consolidated basis. The effects of all significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
We have consolidated the Operating Partnership, a VIE in which we are considered the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE.
A non-controlling interest is defined as the portion of the equity in an entity not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. Non-controlling interests are required to be presented as a separate component of equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, the presentation of net income (loss) reflects the income attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although management believes its estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Investments in Real Estate
Upon the acquisition of real estate, the purchase price is allocated based upon the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The allocation of the purchase price to the relative fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property is derived by valuing the property as if it were vacant. All real estate acquisitions in the periods presented qualified as asset acquisitions and, as such, acquisition-related fees and acquisition-related expenses related to these asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the acquisition.
Investments in real estate generally include land, buildings, tenant improvements and identified intangible assets, such as in-place lease intangibles and above or below-market lease intangibles. Direct and certain indirect costs clearly associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate assets are capitalized as a cost of the property. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Revenue Recognition
We have operating lease agreements with tenants, some of which contain provisions for future rental increases. Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In addition, certain lease agreements provide for reimbursements from tenants for real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, which are recorded on an accrual basis as “Tenant reimbursement revenue” on our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Fee and other income primarily consist of property management fees. These fees arise from contractual agreements with entities that are affiliated with our chief executive officer. Management fee income is recognized as earned under the respective agreements.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests represent OP Units held by the Predecessor’s prior investors and certain sellers of acquisition portfolios and LTIP Units primarily held by our chief executive officer. Upon completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions, the Operating Partnership issued 1,333,112 OP Units to the Predecessor’s prior investors as partial consideration for the contribution of their interest in the Predecessor to the Operating Partnership and 114,706 LTIP Units to our chief executive officer. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we granted 94,303 LTIP units to our chief executive officer. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we issued 483,333 and 824,350 OP Units, respectively to certain contributors in connection with portfolio acquisitions.
New Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of our adoption of new accounting pronouncements, please see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accountant Principles of to the accompanying Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements.
Inflation
Because most of our leases provide for fixed annual rental payments without annual rent escalations, our rental revenues are fixed while our property operating expenses are subject to inflationary increases. A majority of our leases provide for tenant reimbursement of real estate taxes and thus the tenant must reimburse us for real estate taxes. We believe that if inflation increases expenses over time, increases in lease renewal rates will materially offset such increase.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Financial Statements
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Notes to Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule III - Real Estate Properties and Accumulated Depreciation
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Stockholders and Board of Directors
Postal Realty Trust, Inc.
Cedarhurst, NY
Opinion on the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Postal Realty Trust, Inc. as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated and combined consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity (deficit), and cash flows of Postal Realty Trust, Inc. and its Predecessor (the “Company”) for the years then ended, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the “consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.
New York, New York
March 30, 2021
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
December 31,
Assets
Investments:
Real estate properties, at cost:
Land $ 46,302,672 $ 25,147,732
Building and improvements 196,340,043 92,873,637
Tenant improvements 4,427,972 2,562,293
Total real estate properties, at cost 247,070,687 120,583,662
Less: Accumulated depreciation (13,215,180 ) (8,813,579 )
Total real estate properties, net 233,855,507 111,770,083
Investment in financing lease, net 515,046 -
Total investments 234,370,553 111,770,083
Cash 2,211,677 12,475,537
Rent and other receivables 3,520,917 1,710,314
Prepaid expenses and other assets, net 4,434,544 2,752,862
Escrow and reserves 1,058,657 708,066
Deferred rent receivable 215,889 33,344
In-place lease intangibles, net 13,022,475 7,315,867
Above market leases, net 50,099 22,124
Total Assets $ 258,884,811 $ 136,788,197
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Secured borrowings, net $ 46,628,626 $ 3,211,004
Revolving credit facility 78,000,000 54,000,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other 5,891,622 3,152,799
Below market leases, net 8,726,037 6,601,119
Total Liabilities 139,246,285 66,964,922
Commitments and Contingencies
Equity:
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized, 9,437,197 and 5,285,904 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively 94,372 52,859
Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 27,206 shares authorized: 27,206 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Additional paid-in capital 100,812,012 51,396,226
Accumulated deficit (8,916,683 ) (2,575,754 )
Total Stockholders’ Equity 91,989,973 48,873,603
Operating Partnership unitholders’ non-controlling interests 27,648,553 20,949,672
Total Equity 119,638,526 69,823,275
Total Liabilities and Equity $ 258,884,811 $ 136,788,197
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended
December 30,
Revenues:
Rental income $ 20,268,761 $ 8,865,868
Tenant reimbursements 3,046,234 1,311,121
Fee and other income 1,360,877 1,112,367
Total revenues 24,675,872 11,289,356
Operating expenses:
Real estate taxes 3,095,435 1,366,892
Property operating expenses 1,924,405 1,207,486
General and administrative 8,229,753 4,846,392
Depreciation and amortization 9,162,934 3,800,059
Total operating expenses 22,412,527 11,220,829
Income from operations 2,263,345 68,527
Interest expense, net:
Contractual interest expense (2,345,532 ) (1,098,788 )
Write-off and amortization of deferred financing fees (472,094 ) (242,763 )
Loss on early extinguishment of predecessor debt - (185,586 )
Interest income 2,745 5,928
Total interest expense, net (2,814,881 ) (1,521,209 )
Income (loss) before income tax expense (551,536 ) (1,452,682 )
Income tax expense (89,342 ) (39,749 )
Net loss (640,878 ) (1,492,431 )
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest in properties - (4,336 )
Net income attributable to Predecessor - (463,414 )
Net loss attributable to Operating Partnership unitholders’ non-controlling interests 288,531 462,968
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (352,347 ) $ (1,497,213 )
Net loss per share:
Basic and Diluted $ (0.10 ) $ (0.30 )
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and Diluted 7,013,621 5,164,264
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(DEFICIT)
Number of
shares of Common
Stock Common
Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital Accumulated
Equity
(Deficit) Member’s Equity
(Deficit) Total Stockholders’ &
Predecessor
equity Operating
Partnership
unitholders’
non-controlling
interests Non-controlling
interests in
properties Total
Equity
Balance - December 31, - $ 4,000,200 $ 3,441,493 $ (11,003,876 ) $ (2,095,823 ) $ (5,658,006 ) $ - $ 44,593 $ (5,613,413 )
Capital contributions - - 397,121 - 1,671,131 2,068,252 - - 2,068,252
Distributions and dividends - - (699,191 ) - (1,377,689 ) (2,076,880 ) - (6,188 ) (2,083,068 )
Net income (loss) - - - (170,344 ) 633,758 463,414 - 4,336 467,750
Balance - May 16, 2019
$ 4,000,200 $ 3,139,423 $ (11,174,220 ) $ (1,168,623 ) $ (5,203,220 ) $ - $ 42,741 $ (5,160,479 )
Net proceeds from sale of Common Stock 4,500,000 45,000 64,665,261 - - 64,710,261 - - 64,710,261
Formation transactions 664,264 (3,993,557 ) (31,586,914 ) 11,174,220 1,168,623 (23,237,628 ) 22,662,907 (42,741 ) (617,462 )
Issuance of OP Units in connection with a transaction - - - - - - 13,227,801 - 13,227,801
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation 148,846 1,488 651,200 - - 652,688 328,518 - 981,206
Amortization under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) - - 15,319 - - 15,319 - - 15,319
Dividends declared ($0.203 per share) - - - (1,078,541 ) - (1,078,541 ) (294,649 ) - (1,373,190 )
Net income (loss) - - - (1,497,213 ) - (1,497,213 ) (462,968 ) - (1,960,181 )
Reallocation of non-controlling interest - - 14,511,937 - - 14,511,937 (14,511,937 ) - -
Balance - December 31, 2019 5,313,110 $ 53,131 $ 51,396,226 $ (2,575,754 ) $ - $ 48,873,603 $ 20,949,672 - $ 69,823,275
Balance - December 31, 5,313,110 $ 53,131 $ 51,396,226 $ (2,575,754 ) $ - $ 48,873,603 $ 20,949,672 $ - $ 69,823,275
Net proceeds from sale of common stock 4,021,840 40,218 48,481,137 - - 48,521,355 - - 48,521,355
Issuance of OP Units in connection with a transaction - - - - - - 7,921,828 - 7,921,828
Issuance and amortization of equity-based compensation 134,973 1,350 1,602,751 13,448 - 1,617,549 728,783 - 2,346,332
Issuance and amortization under ESPP 7,189 117,257 - - 117,329 - - 117,329
Restricted stock withholdings (12,709 ) (127 ) (205,482 ) - - (205,609 ) - - (205,609 )
Dividends declared ($0.79 per share) - - - (6,002,030 ) - (6,002,030 ) (2,243,076 ) - (8,245,106 )
Net loss - - - (352,347 ) - (352,347 ) (288,531 ) - (640,878 )
Reallocation of non-controlling interest - - (579,877 ) - - (579,877 ) 579,877 - -
Balance - December 31, 2020 9,464,403 $ 94,644 $ 100,812,012 $ (8,916,683 ) $ - $ 91,989,973 $ 27,648,553 $ - $ 119,638,526
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended
December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (640,878 ) $ (1,492,431 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 4,492,090 1,716,601
Amortization of in-place intangibles 4,670,844 2,083,458
Write-off and amortization of deferred financing costs 472,094 242,763
Amortization of above/below market leases (1,261,962 ) (535,834 )
Amortization of intangible liability (10,886 ) -
Equity based compensation 2,356,234 996,525
Reclassification of cumulative dividends paid on forfeited awards 13,448 -
Loss on extinguishment of debt - 185,586
Deferred rent receivable (182,545 ) (19,284 )
Deferred rent expense payable 17,140 (38,592 )
Deferred tax liability - (65,895 )
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Rent and other receivables (1,810,603 ) (1,374,311 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets (565,901 ) (419,675 )
Due to affiliates - (503,961 )
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other 1,846,659 2,083,673
Net cash provided by operating activities 9,395,734 2,858,623
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of real estate (124,159,835 ) (72,166,456 )
Investment in financing lease (516,817 ) -
Repayment of financing lease 1,771 -
Escrows for acquisition and construction deposits (469,899 ) (335,999 )
Capital improvements (969,911 ) (151,582 )
Other investing activities (37,517 ) -
Net cash used in investing activities (126,152,208 ) (72,654,037 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from secured borrowings 43,899,311 445,000
Repayments of secured borrowings (109,716 ) (32,218,087 )
Proceeds from revolving credit facility 112,000,000 54,000,000
Repayments of revolving credit facility (88,000,000 ) -
Proceeds from other financing activity 557,000 -
Repayments from other financing activity (504,345 ) -
Net proceeds from issuance of shares 48,521,355 64,710,261
Other formation transactions - (2,007,417 )
Debt issuance costs (1,163,664 ) (1,424,609 )
Proceeds from issuance of ESPP shares 93,979 -
Shares withheld for payment of taxes on restricted share vesting (205,609 ) -
Contributions from partners and members - 2,068,252
Distributions and dividends (8,245,106 ) (3,456,258 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 106,843,205 82,117,142
Net (decrease) increase in Cash and Escrows and Reserves (9,913,269 ) 12,321,728
Cash and Escrows and Reserves at the beginning of period 13,183,603 861,875
Cash and Escrow and Reserves at the end of period $ 3,270,334 $ 13,183,603
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization and Description of Business
Postal Realty Trust, Inc. (the “Company” “we”, “us”, or “our”) was organized in the state of Maryland on November 19, 2018. On May 17, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share (our “Class A common stock”). The Company contributed the net proceeds from the IPO to Postal Realty LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), in exchange for common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (each, an “OP Unit,” and collectively, the “OP Units”). Both the Company and the Operating Partnership commenced operations upon completion of the IPO and certain related formation transactions (the “Formation Transactions”). Prior to the completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions, the Company had no operations.
The Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership entitles the Company to share in distributions from, and allocations of profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership in proportion to the Company’s percentage ownership of OP Units. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company has the exclusive power under the partnership agreement to manage and conduct the Operating Partnership’s business, subject to limited approval and voting rights of the limited partners. As of December 31, 2020, the Company held an approximately 76.9% interest in the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner and the majority interest holder, the Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in which we are the primary beneficiary.
Our Predecessor (the “Predecessor”) was a combination of limited liability companies (the “LLCs”), one C-Corporation (“UPH”), one S-Corporation (“NPM”) and one limited partnership. The entities that comprised the Predecessor were majority owned and controlled by Mr. Spodek and his affiliates and were acquired by contribution to, or merger with, the Company and the Operating Partnership.
The Predecessor did not represent a legal entity. The Predecessor and its related assets and liabilities were under common control and were contributed to the Operating Partnership in connection with the Company’s IPO.
For the periods prior to May 17, 2019, the Predecessor, through the LLCs, UPH and the limited partnership, owned 190 postal properties in 33 states.
NPM was formed on November 17, 2004, for the purpose of managing commercial real estate properties.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned a portfolio of 726 postal properties located in 47 states. Our properties are primarily leased to a single tenant, the United States Postal Service (the “USPS”).
In addition, through its taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), Postal Realty Management TRS, LLC (“PRM”), the Company provides fee-based third party property management services for an additional 400 postal properties, which are owned by Mr. Spodek and his affiliates, his family members and their partners.
The Company, until May 15, 2019, was authorized to issue up to 600,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. On May 15, 2019, in connection with the IPO, the Company amended its articles of incorporation such that the Company is currently authorized to issue up to 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, 27,206 shares of Class B common stock, $0.01 par value per share (our “Class B common stock” or “Voting Equivalency stock”), and up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock.
The Company believes it has been organized in conformity with, and has operated in a manner that has enabled it to meet, the requirements or qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Code, and the Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent that it distributes its REIT taxable income for each tax year to its stockholders. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), the Company qualifies as an emerging growth company (“EGC”). An EGC may choose, as we have done, to take advantage of the extended private company transition period provided for complying with new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Initial Public Offering and Formation Transactions
Both the Company and the Operating Partnership commenced operations upon completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions on May 17, 2019. The Company’s operations are carried out primarily through the Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership.
On May 17, 2019, the Company completed its IPO, pursuant to which it sold 4,500,000 shares of its Class A common stock at a public offering price of $17.00 per share. The Company raised $76.5 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $71.1 million after deducting approximately $5.4 million in underwriting discounts and before giving effect to $6.4 million in other expenses relating to the IPO. The Company’s Class A common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PSTL” on May 15, 2019.
In connection with the IPO and Formation Transactions, the Company, through its Operating Partnership, used a portion of the net proceeds to repay approximately $31.7 million of outstanding indebtedness related to the Predecessor.
Pursuant to the Formation Transactions, the Company, directly or through the Operating Partnership, acquired the entities that comprise the Predecessor. The initial properties and other interests were contributed in exchange for 1,333,112 OP Units, 637,058 shares of Class A common stock, 27,206 shares of Voting Equivalency stock and $1.9 million of cash. In addition, the Operating Partnership purchased 81 postal properties (the “Acquisition Properties”) in exchange for $26.9 million in cash, including approximately $1.0 million paid to Mr. Spodek, the Company’s chief executive officer and a director for his non-controlling ownership in nine of the Acquisition Properties.
The Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 reflect the results of operations of the Predecessor together with the Company, while the financial condition as of December 31, 2019 reflects solely the Company. References in these notes to consolidated financial statements to “Postal Realty Trust, Inc.” signify the Company for the period after the completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions and the Predecessor for all prior periods.
The following is a summary of the Predecessor Statement of Operations for the period from January 1, 2019 through May 16, 2019, and the Company’s Statement of Operations for the period from May 17, 2019 through December 31, 2019. These amounts are included in the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statement of Operations herein for the year ended December 31, 2019.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Predecessor Postal Realty
Trust, Inc.
January 1,
through
May 16,
May 17,
through
December 31,
Revenues:
Rental income $ 2,249,355 $ 6,616,513
Tenant reimbursements 348,075 963,046
Fee and other income 427,959 684,408
Total revenues 3,025,389 8,263,967
Operating Expenses:
Real estate taxes 358,693 1,008,199
Property operating expenses 357,779 849,707
General and administrative 501,204 4,345,188
Depreciation and amortization 725,756 3,074,303
Total operating expenses 1,943,432 9,277,397
Income (loss) from operations 1,081,957 (1,013,430 )
Interest expense, net:
Contractual interest expense (570,819 ) (527,969 )
Write-off and amortization of deferred financing costs (4,773 ) (237,990 )
Loss on early extinguishment of Predecessor debt - (185,586 )
Interest income 1,134 4,794
Total interest expense, net (574,458 ) (946,751 )
Income (loss) before income tax expense 507,499 (1,960,181 )
Income tax expense (39,749 ) -
Net income (loss) 467,750 (1,960,181 )
Less:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in properties (4,336 ) -
Net income attributable to Predecessor $ 463,414 -
Net loss attributable to Operating Partnership unitholders’ noncontrolling interests
462,968
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
$ (1,497,213 )
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements include the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its Predecessor, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company did not have any operations from the date of formation to May 17, 2019. The Predecessor represents a combination of certain entities holding interests in real estate that were commonly controlled prior to the Formation Transactions. Due to their common control, the financial statements of the separate Predecessor entities which owned the properties and the management company are presented on a combined consolidated basis. The effects of all significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company consolidates the Operating Partnership, a VIE in which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE.
A non-controlling interest is defined as the portion of the equity in an entity not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company. Non-controlling interests are required to be presented as a separate component of equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, the presentation of net income (loss) reflects the income attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although management believes its estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Offering and Other Costs
Certain of the costs related to the IPO and the Formation Transactions paid by an affiliate of the Company’s initial sole shareholder were reimbursed by the Company from the proceeds of the IPO. Offering costs were recorded in “Stockholders’ equity” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
Segment Reporting
The Company acquires and manages postal properties and reports our business as a single reportable segment.
Investments in Real Estate
Upon the acquisition of real estate, the purchase price is allocated based upon the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The allocation of the purchase price to the relative fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property is derived by valuing the property as if it were vacant. All real estate acquisitions in the periods presented qualified as asset acquisitions and, as such, acquisition-related fees and acquisition-related expenses related to these asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the acquisition.
Investments in real estate generally include land, buildings, tenant improvements and identified intangible assets, such as in-place lease intangibles and above or below-market lease intangibles. Direct and certain indirect costs clearly associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate assets are capitalized as a cost of the property. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Depreciation or amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives:
Years
Buildings and improvements
Equipment and fixtures 5-10
Tenant improvements Shorter of useful life or applicable lease term
In-place lease value Remaining non-cancellable term of the in-place lease
The acquired above or below-market lease intangibles are amortized to “Rental income” over the applicable lease term, inclusive of any option periods for below-market leases.
Deferred Costs
Financing costs related to the issuance of the Company’s secured long-term debt are deferred and amortized as an increase to interest expense over the term of the related debt instrument using the effective-interest method and are reported as a reduction of the related debt balance on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred financing costs related to the Company’s credit facility, or (the “Credit Facility”) are deferred and amortized as an increase to interest expense over the term of the Credit Facility and are included in “Prepaid expenses and other assets, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation.
Cash and Escrows and Reserves
Cash includes unrestricted cash with a maturity of three months or less. Escrows and reserves consist of restricted cash. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and escrows and reserves reported within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
As of
December 31,
December 31,
Cash $ 2,211,677 $ 12,475,537
Escrows and reserves:
Maintenance reserve 696,083 663,339
Real estate tax reserve 303,824 -
ESPP reserve 58,750 44,727
Cash and escrows and reserves $ 3,270,334 $ 13,183,603
Revenue Recognition
The Company has operating lease agreements with tenants, some of which contain provisions for future rental increases. Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In addition, certain lease agreements provide for reimbursements from tenants for real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, which are recorded on an accrual basis as “Tenant reimbursement revenue” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statement of Operations.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Fee and other income primarily consist of property management fees. These fees arise from contractual agreements with entities that are affiliated with the Company’s CEO. Management fee income is recognized as earned under the respective agreements.
The Company carries liability insurance to mitigate its exposure to certain losses, including those relating to property damage and business interruption. The Company records the estimated amount of expected insurance proceeds for property damage and other losses incurred as an asset (typically a receivable from the insurer) and income up to the amount of the losses incurred when receipt of insurance proceeds is deemed probable. Any amount of insurance recovery in excess of the amount of the losses incurred is considered a gain contingency and is not recorded in fee and other income until the proceeds are received. Insurance recoveries for business interruption for lost revenue or profit are accounted for as gain contingencies in their entirety, and therefore are not recorded in income until the proceeds are received.
Revenue from direct financing leases is recognized over the lease term using the effective interest rate method. At lease inception, we record an asset within investments on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, which represents the Company’s net investment in the direct financing lease. This initial net investment is determined by aggregating the total future minimum lease payments attributable to the direct financing lease and the estimated residual value of the property, if any, less unearned income. Over the lease term, the investment in the direct financing lease is reduced and income is recognized as revenue in “Fee and other income” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statement of Operations and produces a constant periodic rate of return on the investment in direct financing lease, net.
Income Taxes
As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to federal corporate income tax on our net income (loss) that the Company distributes to our shareholders. The Operating Partnership which holds our properties is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes as the revenues and expenses pass through to the respective owners where they are taxed. The states and cities in which the Operating Partnership operates generally follows the U.S. federal income tax treatment.
UPH was subject to federal and state and local income taxes for tax years before the date of the IPO on May 17, 2019. For periods subsequent to the completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions, PRM is subject to federal, state and local corporate income taxes to the extent there is taxable income. UPH and PRM account for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the differences between the financial statement carrying value of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets when management anticipates that it is more likely than not that all, or a portion, of these assets would not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted, all positive and negative evidence and all sources of taxable income such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carryback and carryforward periods and tax strategies are considered to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize the deferred tax asset. The assessment of the adequacy of a valuation allowance is based on estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the period over which deferred tax assets will be recoverable.
The tax effects of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns are recognized only if they are “more likely-than-not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes estimated accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following disclosure of estimated fair value was determined by management using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Cash, escrows and reserves, receivables, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses are carried at amounts which reasonably approximate their fair values as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 due to their short maturities.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had an investment in a direct financing lease with a carrying value of $0.5 million and an effective interest rate of 7.89%. The carrying value of the investment in a direct financing lease approximated the fair market value as of December 31, 2020. The fair value of the Company’s debt was categorized as a Level 3 basis (as provided by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures).
The fair value of the Company’s borrowings under its Credit Facility approximates carrying value. The fair value of the Company’s secured borrowings aggregated approximately $47.1 million and $3.2 million as compared to the principal balance of $47.0 million and $3.2 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The fair value of the Company’s debt was categorized as a Level 3 basis (as provided by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures). The fair value of these financial instruments was determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms and maturities. The fair value of the mortgage debt was determined by discounting the future contractual interest and principal payments by a market rate.
Disclosure about fair value of assets and liabilities is based on pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since December 31, 2020 and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.
Impairment
The carrying value of real estate investments and related intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the aggregate projected future cash flows over the anticipated holding period on an undiscounted basis. An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses will be based on current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. If estimates of the projected future cash flows, anticipated holding periods or market conditions change, the evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences may be material. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. No impairments were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Concentration of Credit Risks
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s properties were leased primarily to a single tenant, the USPS. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our total rental income of $20.3 million was concentrated in the following state: Pennsylvania (10.0%). For the year ended December 31, 2019, our total rental income of $8.9 million was concentrated in the following states: Texas (14.2%), Massachusetts (14.0%), Wisconsin (12.9%) and Pennsylvania (9.9%). The ability of the USPS to honor the terms of their leases is dependent upon regulatory, economic, environmental or competitive conditions in any of these areas and could have an effect on our overall business results.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
The Company has deposited cash and maintains its bank deposits with large financial institutions in amounts that exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests in the Company represent common units of limited partnership interest of the Operating Partnership (each, an “OP Unit,” and collectively, the OP Units”) held by the Predecessor’s prior investors and certain sellers of properties to the Company and long-term incentive units of the Operating Partnership (each, an “LTIP Unit,” and collectively, the “LTIP Units”) primarily held by the Company’s CEO. Upon completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions, the Operating Partnership issued 1,333,112 OP Units to the Predecessor’s prior investors as partial consideration for the contribution of their interest in the Predecessor to the Operating Partnership and 114,706 LTIP Units to the Company’s CEO.
In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company issued 483,333 and 824,350 OP Units, respectively to certain contributors in connection with portfolio acquisitions.
Equity Based Compensation
The Company accounts for equity-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the Company to recognize an expense for the grant date fair value of equity-based awards. Equity-classified stock awards granted to employees and non-employees that have a service condition and/or a market condition are measured at fair value at date of grant and remeasured at fair value only upon a modification of the award. The Company will record forfeitures as they occur.
The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each award, with the amount of compensation expense recognized at the end of a reporting period at least equal the portion of fair value of the respective award at grant date or modification date, as applicable, that has vested through that date. For awards with a market condition, compensation cost is not reversed if a market condition is not met so long as the requisite service has been rendered, as a market condition does not represent a vesting condition.
See Note 10. Stockholder’s Equity for further details.
Earnings per Share
The Company calculates net loss per share based upon the weighted average shares outstanding less issued and outstanding non-vested shares of Class A common stock for the period beginning May 17, 2019. Diluted earnings per share is calculated after giving effect to all potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period. There were 2,849,804 and 2,277,466 potentially dilutive shares outstanding related to the issuance of OP Units and LTIP Units held by non-controlling interests as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Future Application of Accounting Standards
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases; in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, and ASU 2018-11, Leases - Targeted Improvements; and in December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors. This group of ASUs is collectively referred to as Topic 842. Topic 842 supersedes the existing standards for lease accounting (Topic 840, Leases). Topic 842 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2021 as a result of its classification as an emerging growth company.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
The Company expects to elect the practical expedients provided by Topic 842, including: the package of practical expedients that allows an entity not to reassess upon adoption (i) whether an expired or existing contract contains a lease, (ii) whether a lease classification related to expired or existing lease arrangements, and (iii) whether costs incurred on expired or existing leases qualify as initial direct costs, and as a lessor, the practical expedient not to separate certain non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, from the lease component if the timing and pattern of transfer are the same for the non-lease component and associated lease component, and the lease component would be classified as an operating lease if accounted for separately.
Topic 842 requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheet through a right-of-use (“ROU”) model, in which a lessee records a ROU asset and a lease liability on their balance sheet. Leases that are less than 12 months do not need to be accounted for under the ROU model. Lessees will account for leases as financing or operating leases, with the classification affecting the timing and pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. Lease expense will be recognized based on the effective interest method for leases accounted for as finance leases and on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease for leases accounted for as operating leases. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was the lessee under one office lease and two ground leases that would require accounting under the ROU model. Upon adoption of Topic 842, the Company expects to record a ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of approximately $1.1 million on its Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The accounting by a lessor under Topic 842 is largely unchanged from that of Topic 840. Under Topic 842, lessors will continue to account for leases as a sales-type, direct-financing, or operating. A lease will be treated as a sale if it is considered to transfer control of the underlying asset to the lessee. A lease will be classified as direct-financing if risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control. Otherwise, the lease is treated as an operating lease. Topic 842 requires accounting for a transaction as a financing in a sale leaseback in certain circumstances, including when the seller-lessee is provided an option to purchase the property from the landlord at the tenant’s option. The Company expects that this provision could change the accounting for these types of leases in the future. Topic 842 also includes the concept of separating lease and non-lease components. Under Topic 842, non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, would be accounted for under Topic 606 and separated from the lease payments. However, the Company will elect the lessor practical expedient allowing the Company to not separate these components when certain conditions are met. Upon adoption of Topic 842, the Company expects to combine tenant reimbursements with rental income on its consolidated statements of operations.
In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and in November 2018 issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The guidance changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance replaces the current ‘incurred loss’ model with an ‘expected loss’ approach. The Company will also be required to disclose information about how it developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. ASU No. 2018-19 excludes operating lease receivables from the scope of this guidance. This guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2023 as a result of its classification as an emerging growth company. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact the adoption of the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Note 3. Real Estate Acquisitions
The following tables summarizes the Company’s acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The purchase prices including transaction costs were allocated to the separately identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. The total purchase price including transaction costs was allocated as follows:
Three Months Ended Number of
Properties Land Building
and
Improvements Tenant
Improvements In-place
lease
intangibles Above-
market
leases Below-
market
leases Other (1) Total (2)
March 31, 2020 (3)(4)(5) $ 4,825,507 $ 24,572,597 $ 293,726 $ 2,477,174 $ 7,148 $ (1,616,080 ) $ (34,098 ) $ 30,525,974
June 30, 2020 (6) 2,555,428 7,344,021 54,894 692,705 - (38,934 ) - 10,608,114
September 30, 2020 (7) 6,074,837 19,426,255 316,541 2,300,575 37,290 (1,067,886 ) (33,386 ) 27,054,226
December 31, 2020 (8) 7,699,168 51,059,098 1,200,518 4,627,028 - (680,443 ) - 63,905,369
$ 21,154,940 $ 102,401,971 $ 1,865,679 $ 10,097,482 $ 44,438 $ (3,403,343 ) $ (67,484 ) $ 132,093,683
Three Months Ended Number of
Properties Land Building
and
Improvements Tenant
Improvements In-place
lease
intangibles Above-
market
leases Below-
market
leases Total (9)
March 31, 2019(10) $ 179,202 $ 456,550 $ 18,166 $ 69,504 $ - $ (78,302 ) $ 645,120
June 30, 2019(11) 6,789,589 18,774,918 259,640 2,227,870 6,338 (754,300 ) 27,304,055
September 30, 2019 2,619,719 8,306,781 190,343 982,974 - (1,024,644 ) 11,075,173
December 31, 2019(12) 8,320,008 35,658,446 447,929 3,383,050 14,680 (1,447,020 ) 46,377,093
Total $ 17,908,518 $ 63,196,695 $ 916,078 $ 6,663,398 $ 21,018 $ (3,304,266 ) $ 85,401,441
Explanatory Notes:
(1) Includes an intangible liability related to unfavorable operating leases on three properties that is included in “Accounts Payable, accrued expenses and other” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Includes acquisition costs of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and $1.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020
(3) Includes the acquisition of a 21-property portfolio leased to the USPS. The contract purchase price for the portfolio was $13.8 million, exclusive of closing costs, and giving effect to 483,333 OP Units issued to the sellers at a value of $17.00 per unit. The closing price of the Company’s common stock on January 10, 2020 was $16.39; therefore, total consideration at closing, including closing costs, was approximately $13.6 million of which $7.9 million represented the non-cash consideration (the value of the OP Units) issued to the sellers.
(4) Includes the acquisition of a 42-property portfolio leased to the USPS. The aggregate purchase price of such portfolio was approximately $8.8 million, including closing costs, which was funded with borrowings under our Credit Facility.
(5) Includes the acquisition of 20 postal properties in individual or smaller portfolio transactions for approximately $8.1 million, including closing costs.
(6) Includes the acquisition of a 13-property portfolio leased to the USPS in various states for approximately $7.2 million, including closing costs. In addition, the Company purchased six postal properties in individual or smaller portfolio transactions for approximately $3.4 million, including closing costs.
(7) Includes the acquisition of 122 postal properties in various states in individual or portfolio transactions for approximately $27.1 million, including closing costs, which was funded with borrowings under our Credit Facility. In addition, the Company closed on one postal property which is a direct financing lease and is included in “Investment in financing lease, net” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
(8) Includes the acquisition of 35 postal properties in various states in individual or portfolio transactions for approximately $16.3 million, including closing costs, which was funded with borrowings under our Credit Facility. In addition, the Company acquired an industrial property (“Industrial Facility”) for a total of $47.6 million, including closing costs, primarily leased to the USPS. The property was initially funded with borrowings under our Credit Facility. Refer to Note 5 for a discussion of the subsequent property level financing related to the acquisition.
(9) Include acquisition costs of $10,120 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and $0.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019.
(10) The property was acquired by the Predecessor.
(11) The Company acquired the Acquisition Properties in connection with the IPO.
(12) Includes the acquisition of a 113-building portfolio leased to the USPS. The contract purchase price for the portfolio was $31.4 million, excluding closing costs, and included 824,350 OP Units to be issued to the sellers at a value of $17.00 per unit. The closing price of the Company’s common stock on November 22, 2019 was $16.05; therefore, total consideration at closing, excluding closing costs was approximately $30.6 million of which $13.2 million represented the non-cash consideration (the value of the OP Units) issued to the sellers.
Note 4. Intangible Assets and Liabilities
The following table summarizes our intangible assets and liabilities as a result of the application of acquisition accounting:
As of Gross Asset
(Liability) Accumulated
(Amortization)/
Accretion Net
Carrying
Amount
December 31, 2020:
In-place lease intangibles $ 24,165,476 $ (11,143,001 ) $ 13,022,475
Above-market leases 85,058 (34,959 ) 50,099
Below-market leases (12,075,644 ) 3,349,607 (8,726,037 )
December 31, 2019:
In-place lease intangibles $ 13,788,024 $ (6,472,157 ) $ 7,315,867
Above-market leases 40,620 (18,496 ) 22,124
Below-market leases (8,672,301 ) 2,071,182 (6,601,119 )
Amortization of in-place lease intangibles was $4.7 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This amortization is included in “Depreciation and amortization” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Amortization of acquired above market leases was $0.02 million and $0.01 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is included in “Rental income” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of acquired below market leases was $1.3 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is included in “Rental income” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average amortization period for the Company’s intangible assets was approximately 3.8 years, 3.7 years and 7.7 years for in-place lease intangibles, above-market leases and below-market leases, respectively.
Future amortization/accretion of these intangibles is below:
Year Ending December 31, In-place lease
intangibles Above-market
leases Below-market
leases
$ 4,730,448 $ 15,541 $ (1,446,534 )
3,106,464 13,260 (1,300,356 )
2,218,914 10,626 (1,142,993 )
1,519,962 7,884 (979,047 )
870,699 2,788 (859,068 )
Thereafter 575,988 - (2,998,039 )
Total $ 13,022,475 $ 50,099 $ (8,726,037 )
Note 5. Debt
The following table summarizes the Company’s indebtedness as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
Outstanding
Balance as of
December 31,
Outstanding
Balance as of
December 31,
Interest
Rate at
December 31,
Maturity Date
Revolving Credit Facility(1) $ 78,000,000 $ 54,000,000 LIBOR+170bps (2) September 2023
Vision Bank(3) 1,458,450 1,522,672 4.00 % September 2036
First Oklahoma Bank(4) 364,077 378,005 4.50 % December 2037
Vision Bank - 2018(5) 868,818 900,385 5.00 % January 2038
Seller Financing(6) 445,000 445,000 6.00 % January 2025
First Oklahoma Bank - April 2020(7) 4,522,311 - 4.25 % April 2040
First Oklahoma Bank - June 2020(8) 9,152,000 - 4.25 % June 2040
AIG - December 2020(9) 30,225,000 - 2.80 % January 2031
Total Principal 125,035,656 57,246,062
Unamortized deferred financing costs (407,030 ) (35,058 )
Total Debt $ 124,628,626 $ 57,211,004
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Explanatory Notes:
(1) On September 27, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with People’s United Bank, National Association, individually and as administrative agent, BMO Capital Markets Corp., as syndication agent, and certain other lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for revolving commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million with an accordion feature (“the Accordion Feature”) that permits the Company to borrow up to an additional $100.0 million for an aggregate total of $200.0 million, subject to customary terms and conditions, and a maturity date of September 27, 2023. On January 30, 2020, the Company amended the Credit Agreement in order to exercise a portion of the Accordion Feature to increase the maximum amount available under the Credit Facility to $150.0 million, subject to the borrowing base properties identified therein remaining unencumbered and subject to an enforceable lease. On June 25, 2020, the Company further amended the Credit Agreement to revise, among other items, certain definitions and borrowing base calculations to increase available capacity, as well as the restrictive covenant pertaining to Consolidated Tangible Net Worth (as defined in such amendment). On November 24, 2020, the Company further amended the Credit Agreement to revise, among other items, certain definitions and borrowing base calculations to allow leases other than the USPS as a Real Property subject to certain to certain limitations (as defined in such amendment).
The interest rates applicable to loans under the Credit Facility are, at our option, equal to either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.7% to 1.4% per annum or LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.7% to 2.4% per annum, each based on a consolidated leverage ratio. In addition, the Company paid, for the period through and including the calendar quarter ended March 31, 2020, an unused facility fee on the revolving commitments under the Credit Facility of 0.75% per annum for the first $100 million and 0.25% per annum for the portion of revolving commitments exceeding $100.0 million, and for the period thereafter, an unused facility fee of 0.25% per annum for the aggregate unused revolving commitments, with both periods utilizing calculations of daily unused commitments under the Credit Facility.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of unused fees related to the Credit Facility. The Company’s ability to borrow under the Credit Facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all of the Credit Facility’s debt covenants.
(2) As of December 31, 2020, the one-month LIBOR rate was 0.15%.
(3) Five properties are collateralized under this loan as of December 31, 2020 with Mr. Spodek as the guarantor. On September 8, 2021 and every five years thereafter, the interest rate will reset at a variable annual rate of Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (“Prime”) + 0.5%.
(4) The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on four properties and a personal guarantee of payment by Mr. Spodek. Interest rate resets on December 31, 2022 to Prime + 0.25%.
(5) The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on one property and a personal guarantee of payment by Mr. Spodek. Interest rate resets on January 31, 2023 to Prime + 0.5%.
(6) In connection with the acquisition of a property, we obtained seller financing secured by the property in the amount of $0.4 million requiring five annual payments of principal and interest of $105,661 with the first installment due on January 2, 2021 based on a 6.0% interest rate per annum through January 2, 2025.
(7) In connection with the purchase of a 13-property portfolio, the Company obtained $4.5 million of mortgage financing, at a fixed interest rate of 4.25% with interest only for the first 18 months, which resets in November 2026 to the greater of Prime or 4.25%.
(8) The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on 22 properties. Interest rates resets in January 2027 to the greater of Prime or 4.25%.
(9) The loan is secured by a cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted first mortgage lien on the Industrial Property. The loan has a fixed interest rate of 2.80% with interest-only payments for the first five years and fixed payments of principal and interest thereafter based on a 30-year amortization schedule.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
The weighted average maturity date for our secured borrowing as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 6.6 years and 15.7 years, respectively.
Cash paid for interest during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $2.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
The scheduled principal repayments of indebtedness as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:
Year Ending December 31, Amount
$ 220,497
701,228
78,735,838
767,608
804,469
Thereafter 43,806,016
Total $ 125,035,656
Note 6. Leases
As of December 31, 2020, all of our properties are 100% leased to the USPS with the exception of the multi tenanted Industrial Facility. Certain leases have expired and the balance expire at various dates through November 30, 2029.
Future minimum lease payments to be received as of December 31, 2020 under non-cancellable operating leases for the next five years and thereafter are as follows: (1)
Year Ending December 31, Amount
2021(2)(3) $ 24,735,911
21,435,331
18,766,322
15,338,186
10,199,204
Thereafter 7,444,767
Total $ 97,919,721
Explanatory Notes:
(1) The above minimum lease payments to be received do not include reimbursements from tenants for real estate taxes and other reimbursed expenses.
(2) As of December 31, 2020, the leases at 15 of our properties were expired, and the USPS was occupying such properties as a holdover tenant. In addition, the lease at one of our properties is a month to month lease. Holdover rent is typically paid as the greater of estimated market rent or the rent amount due under the expired lease. Subsequent to December 31, 2020, we have executed all leases for these properties.
(3) The Company has received notice on one property which the USPS intends to vacate in August 2021.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Direct Financing Lease
As of December 31, 2020, the Company has one direct financing lease agreement related to one of its postal properties. The components of the Company’s net investment in financing lease as of December 31, 2020 are summarized in the table below:
As of
December 31,
Total minimum lease payment receivable $ 1,010,091
Less: unearned income (495,045 )
Investment in financing lease, net $ 515,046
Future lease payments to be received under the Company’s direct financing lease as of December 31, 2020 for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
Year Ending December 31, Amount
$ 45,500
45,500
45,500
45,500
45,500
Thereafter 782,591
Total $ 1,010,091
Ground Lease
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company assumed an operating ground lease at two acquired properties which includes rent escalations throughout the lease term (including renewal options). Ground lease expense is included in “Property Operating Expenses” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The table below presents the future minimum ground lease payments as of December 31, 2020.
Year Ending December 31, Amount
$ 23,600
23,600
23,600
24,160
25,840
Thereafter 1,156,200
Total $ 1,277,000
Impact of COVID-19
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a coronavirus (COVID-19) a pandemic which has been ongoing. The resulting restrictions on travel and quarantines imposed have had a negative impact on the U.S. economy and business activity globally, the full impact of which is not yet known and may result in an adverse impact to the Company’s tenant and operating results. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received 100% of its rents and there was no material impact on the Company.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Note 7. Income Taxes
UPH
Federal and state income tax expense for December 31, 2019 relate to UPH. The federal and state income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 is comprised of the following:
Provision for income taxes For the Year Ended December 31,
2019(1)
Current:
Federal $ (83,128 )
State (22,517 )
Total current expense (105,645 )
Deferred:
Federal 51,371
State 14,525
Total deferred benefit 65,896
Total income tax expense $ (39,749 )
Explanatory Note:
(1) Represents the activity of UPH from January 1, 2019 to the IPO.
The effective tax rate before income taxes varies from the current statutory US Federal income tax rate as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
Tax expense at Federal statutory rates 21.0 %
Flow-through entities 6.2 %
REIT non-taxable income (28.3 )%
State taxes (0.2 )%
Valuation allowance (0.3 )%
Uncertain tax position (“FIN 48”) (1.1 )%
Total US Federal income tax rate (2.7 )%
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a benefit of $0.01 million due to finalizing certain state taxes filings of UPH.
TRS
In connection with the IPO, the Company and PRM jointly elected to treat PRM as a TRS. PRM performs management services, including for properties the Company does not own. PRM generates income, resulting in federal and state corporate income tax liability for PRM. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, income tax expense related to PRM was $0.07 million and zero, respectively.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Other
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s consolidated balance sheets reflect a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the amounts of $0.4 million, primarily related to the utilization of certain loss carryforwards by UPH through May 16, 2019. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has accrued interest and penalties of $0.07 million and $0.06 million, respectively. These balances are included in the combined consolidated balance sheets in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities. As of December 31, 2020, the Company estimates that unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by approximately $0.2 million within twelve months of the balance sheet date due to expiring statutes of limitation. In connection with the IPO, the indirect sole shareholder of UPH agreed to reimburse the Company for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recorded an indemnification asset in the same amount as the unrecognized tax benefits inclusive of accrued interest and penalties that existed as of the date of the IPO. Accordingly, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would result in a decrease to the indemnification asset and have no impact on the effective tax rate. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company reversed $0.1 million of unrecognized tax benefits inclusive of interest and penalties due to the expiration of statute of limitations, with an offsetting adjustment to the indemnification asset.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year $ 488,277 $ 578,860
Additions based on tax positions taken in the current year - 51,418
Decreases based on positions taken in prior year (95,818 ) (148,685 )
Increases based on tax positions taken in prior periods - 6,684
Decreases based on tax positions taken in prior periods (28,275 ) -
Total $ 364,184 $ 488,277
The Company and PRM are subject to exam by federal and state and local tax authorities for the short tax year ended December 31, 2019. UPH is subject to exam by federal tax authorities for tax years 2017 through 2019.
Cash paid for taxes for each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.1 and $0.02 million, respectively.
On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act was enacted to provide economic relief to companies and individuals in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Included in the CARES Act are tax provisions which increase allowable interest expense deductions for 2019 and 2020 and increase the ability for taxpayers to use net operating losses. While we do not expect these provisions to have a material impact on the Company’s taxable income or tax liabilities, we will continue to analyze the provisions of the CARES Act and related guidance as it is published.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Note 8. Related Party Transactions
Management Fee Income
PRM recognized management fee income of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the Predecessor recognized management fee income of $0.4 million for the period of January 1, 2019 through May 16, 2019 from various properties which were affiliated with Mr. Spodek. Following the IPO, PRM recognized management fee income of $0.6 million for the period of May 17, 2019 through December 31, 2019 from various properties which are affiliated with the Company’s CEO. These amounts are included in “Fee and other income” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accrued management fees receivable of $0.3 million and $0.08 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are included in “Rents and other receivables” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Related Party Lease
On October 1, 2018, the Predecessor entered into a lease for office space in Cedarhurst, New York with an entity affiliated with the Predecessor (the “Office Lease”). Pursuant to the Office Lease, the monthly rent was $15,000 subject to escalations. The term of the Office Lease was five years commencing on October 1, 2018 (with rent commencing on January 1, 2019) and was set to expire on September 30, 2023. In connection with the IPO, the Office Lease was terminated. On May 17, 2019, the Company entered into a new lease for office space in Cedarhurst, New York with an entity affiliated with the Company’s CEO (the “New Lease”). Pursuant to the New Lease, the monthly rent is $15,000 subject to escalations. The term of the New Lease is five years commencing on May 17, 2019 and will expire on May 16, 2024. Rental expenses associated with the office lease for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, was recorded in “General and administrative expenses” on the Company’s Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table represents the Company’s future rental payments related to the New Lease:
Year Ending December 31, Amount
$ 188,869
194,535
200,371
76,244
Total $ 660,019
Transfer of Real Property
On May 28, 2020, the Company completed the separation of deed and transfer of the real property attributable to a de minimis non-postal tenant that shares space in a building leased to the USPS. At the time of the IPO a property located in Milwaukee, WI, a portion of which is leased to the USPS, was contributed to the Company. It was intended that the non-postal portion of the property would revert back to an entity affiliated with Mr. Spodek once a separation of the deed was completed. The portion of the property leased to the USPS remains owned by a wholly owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership. The independent members of our Board of Directors ratified the no consideration transfer.
Guarantees
Mr. Spodek, our chief executive officer, has personally guaranteed our loans with First Oklahoma Bank that were obtained prior to 2020 and Vision Bank, totaling $2.7 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As a guarantor, Mr. Spodek’s interests with respect to the debt he is guaranteeing (and the terms of any repayment or default) may not align with our interests and could result in a conflict of interest.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Note 9. Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. The following table presents a reconciliation of income (loss) from operations used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations.(1)
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Numerator for earnings per share - basic and diluted:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (352,347 ) $ (1,497,213 )
Less: Income attributable to participating securities (345,899 ) (54,223 )
Numerator for earnings per share - basic and diluted $ (698,246 ) (1,551,436 )
Denominator for earnings per share - basic and diluted 7,013,621 5,164,264
Basic and diluted earnings per share $ (0.10 ) $ (0.30 )
Explanatory Note:
(1) The combined statements of operations prior to May 17, 2019 represents the activity of the Predecessor and EPS was not applicable.
Note 10. Stockholder’s Equity
The Company issued 4.5 million shares of Class A common stock in conjunction with the IPO resulting in net proceeds of approximately $71.1 million after deducting approximately $5.4 million in underwriting discounts and before giving effect to $6.4 million in other expenses relating to the IPO. In addition, the Company issued 637,058 shares of Class A common stock and 27,206 shares of Voting Equivalency stock in connection with the Formation Transactions. Each outstanding share of Voting Equivalency stock entitles its holder to 50 votes on all matters on which Class A common stockholders are entitled to vote, including the election of directors, and holders of shares of Class A common stock and Voting Equivalency stock will vote together as a single class. Shares of Voting Equivalency stock are convertible into shares of Class A common stock, on a one-for-one basis, at the election of the holder at any time. Additionally, one share of Voting Equivalency stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock for each 49 OP Units transferred (including by the exercise of redemption rights afforded with respect to OP Units) to a person other than a permitted transferee. This ratio is a function of the fact that each share of Voting Equivalency stock entitles its holder to 50 votes on all matters on which Class A common stockholders are entitled to vote and maintains the voting proportion of holders of Voting Equivalency stock with the holder’s economic interest in our Company.
On July 15, 2020, the Company priced a public offering of 3.5 million shares of its Class A Common Stock (the “Follow-on Offering”) at $13.00 per share. On July 17, 2020, the underwriters purchased an additional 521,840 shares pursuant to a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 525,000 shares at $13.00 per share (the “Additional Shares”). The Follow-on Offering, including the Additional Shares, closed on July 20, 2020 resulting in $52.2 million in gross proceeds, and approximately $49.4 million in net proceeds after deducting approximately $2.9 million in underwriting discounts and before giving effect to $0.9 million in other estimated expenses relating to the Follow-on Offering.
Dividends
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Board approved and the Company declared and paid dividends of $8.2 million to Class A common stockholders, Voting Equivalency stockholders, OP unitholders and LTIP unitholders, or $0.79 per share as shown in the table below.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
Declaration Date
Record Date
Date Paid
Amount Per Share
January 30, 2020
February 14, 2020
February 28, 2020
$0.17
April 30, 2020
May 11, 2020
May 29, 2020
$0.20
July 30, 2020
August 14, 2020
August 31, 2020
$0.205
October 30, 2020
November 16, 2020
November 30, 2020
$0.215
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Board approved, and the Company declared and paid dividends of $1.4 million to Class A common stockholders, Voting Equivalency stockholders, OP unitholders and LTIP unitholders, or $0.203 per share as shown in the table below.
Declaration Date
Record Date
Date Paid
Amount Per Share
June 26, 2019
July 9, 2019
July 31, 2019
$0.0630
November 5, 2019
November 15, 2019
December 2, 2019
$0.1400
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests in the Company represent OP Units held by the Predecessor’s prior investors and certain sellers of properties to the Company and LTIP Units primarily issued to the Company’s CEO in connection with the IPO and in lieu of cash compensation. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 483,333 OP Units in January 2020 in connection with a portfolio that the Company acquired, 53,230 LTIP Units in February 2020 to the Company’s CEO for his 2019 incentive bonus, 13,708 LTIP Units in March 2020 to the Company’s CEO and 27,365 LTIP Units in May 2020 to the Company’s CEO for his salary for the period of May 18, 2020 to December 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, non-controlling interests consisted of 2,640,795 OP Units and 209,009 LTIP Units and 2,157,462 OP Units and 120,004 LTIP Units, respectively. This represented approximately 23.1% and 30.0% of the outstanding Operating Partnership units as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Operating Partnership units and shares of common stock have essentially the same economic characteristics, as they share equally in the total net income or loss distributions of the Operating Partnership. Beginning on or after the date which is 12 months after the later of (i) the completion of the IPO or (ii) the date on which a person first became a holder of common units, each limited partner and assignees of limited partners will have the right, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the partnership agreement to require the Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of the OP Units held by such limited partner or assignee in exchange for cash, or at the Company’s sole discretion, in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, on a one-for-one basis determined in accordance with and subject to adjustment under the partnership agreement.
The Operating Partnership unitholders are entitled to share in cash distributions from the Operating Partnership in proportion to their percentage ownership of OP Units.
Restricted Stock and Other Awards
Pursuant to the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan” or the “Plan”), the Company may grant equity incentive awards to its directors, officers, employees and consultants. The maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock that were authorized for issuance under the Plan were 541,584. On April 27, 2020, the Board of Directors amended the Equity Incentive Plan to increase the total number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the Plan from 541,584 shares to 1,291,584 shares. The stockholders approved such amendment on June 26, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, the remaining shares available under the Plan for future issuance was 767,782. The Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, performance units, incentive awards, other equity-based awards (including LTIP units) and dividend equivalents in connection with the grant of performance units and other equity-based awards.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
The following table presents a summary of restricted stock, LTIP Units and RSUs. The balance as of December 31, 2020 represents unvested shares of restricted stock and LTIP Units and RSUs that are outstanding, whether vested or not:
Restricted
Shares (1)(2) LTIP
Units (3) Restricted
Stock Units
(“RSUs”) (4) Total
Shares Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding, as of January 1, 2020 148,847 120,003 - 268,850 $ 16.96
Granted 146,348 94,303 62,096 302,747 $ 14.20
Vesting of restricted shares (5) (65,207 ) - - (65,207 ) $ 16.69
Forfeited (11,375 ) (5,298 ) - (16,673 ) $ 15.83
Outstanding, as of December 31, 2020 218,613 209,008 62,096 489,717 $ 15.33
Explanatory Notes:
(1) Represents restricted shares awards included in common stock.
(2) The time-based restricted share awards granted to our officers and employees typically vest in three annual installments or cliff vest at the end of eight years. The time-based restricted share awards granted to our directors’ vest over one to three years.
(3) LTIP units to our officers and employees typically vest over three to eight years. During the year ended December 31, 2020, 2,843 LTIPs issued to an employee vested as a result of a modification of the award as well as 13,708 LTIPs issued to the Company’s CEO. In May 2020, pursuant to the Plan, the Company issued 27,365 LTIP Units to the Company’s CEO in lieu of his salary payable for the period from the one-year anniversary of the IPO to December 31, 2020. LTIP Units issued to the Company’s CEO in lieu of cash compensation cliff vest on the eighth anniversary of the date of grant. In connection with the termination of an employee and entering into a consultancy agreement, 10,787 restricted shares of Class A common stock and 5,298 LTIPs were forfeited. 6,931 shares of Class A common stock are issuable to such consultant under the consultancy agreement with the Company.
(4) Includes 38,672 RSUs granted to certain officers of the Company during the year ended December 31, 2020 subject to the achievement of a service condition and a market condition. Such RSUs are market-based awards and are subject to the achievement of hurdles relating to the Company’s absolute total stockholder return and continued employment with the Company over the approximately three-year period from the grant date through December 31, 2022. The number of market-based RSUs is based on the number of shares issuable upon achievement of the market-based metric at target. Also, includes 13,253 time-based RSUs issued for 2019 incentive bonuses to certain employees that vested fully on February 14, 2020, the date of grant and 10,171 time-based RSUs granted to certain employees for their election to defer 2020 salary that vest on December 31, 2020. RSUs reflect the right to receive shares of Class A common stock, subject to the applicable vesting criteria.
(5) Includes 52,497 of restricted shares that vested and 12,710 shares of restricted shares that were withheld to satisfy minimum statutory withholding requirements.
In February 2021, in connection with the Equity Incentive Plan, the Company issued 118,305 LTIP Units to the Company’s CEO for his 2020 incentive bonus and his election to defer 100% of his 2021 annual salary, 71,591 restricted shares of Class A common stock to the Company’s president for his 2020 incentive bonus and his election to defer of a portion of his 2021 annual salary and 3,117 restricted shares of Class A common stock to our Chief Financial Officer for his election to defer a portion of his 2021 annual salary. In addition, in February 2021, in connection with the Equity Incentive Plan, the Company issued 17,239 restricted shares of Class A common stock for annual grants, 30,114 restricted stock units (each, an “RSU,” and collectively, “RSUs”) and 30,114 restricted shares of Class A common stock to other employees for 2020 incentive bonus and elections by certain employees to defer 2021 annual salary. RSUs reflect the right to receive shares of Class A common stock. RSUs issued for 2020 incentive bonuses will vest fully on the date of grant. RSUs issued in lieu of deferrals of 2020 annual salary cliff vest on December 31, 2021. LTIP Units issued to the Company’s CEO and restricted shares of Class A common stock issued to the president and Chief Financial Officer in lieu of cash compensation cliff vest on the eighth anniversary of February 1, 2021. Certain restricted shares of Class A common stock issued to employees will vest in three equal, annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant, while other restricted shares of Class A common stock issued to employees in lieu of cash compensation cliff will vest on the eighth anniversary of February 1, 2021.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
In addition, in February 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 18,954 LTIP Units, 27,760 of restricted shares of Class A common stock and 46,714 RSUs to certain officers of the Company. The LTIP Units and restricted shares of Class A common stock will vest in three equal, annual installments over the approximately three year period ending December 31, 2023, subject to continued employment with the Company and the RSUs are subject to the achievement of performance-based vesting conditions and continued employment with the Company. The RSUs are market-based awards and are subject to the achievement of performance-based hurdles relating to the Company’s absolute total stockholder return and continued employment with the Company over the approximately three-year period from the grant date through December 31, 2023. Such RSU recipients may earn up to 100% of the RSUs that were issued. Upon vesting pursuant to the terms of the RSUs, the RSUs that vest will be settled in shares of Class A common stock and the recipients will be entitled to receive the distributions that would have been paid with respect to a share of Class A common stock (for each share that vests) on or after the date the RSUs were initially granted.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized compensation expense of $2.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively, related to all awards.
The fair value of restricted shares that vested during the year ended December 31, 2020 was $1.1 million. As of December 31, 2020, there was $5.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.84 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In connection with the IPO, the Company established the Postal Realty Trust, Inc. 2019 Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which allows the Company’s employees to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a discount. A total of 100,000 shares of Class A common stock will be reserved for sale and authorized for issuance under the ESPP. The Code permits us to provide up to a 15% discount on the lesser of the fair market value of such shares of stock at the beginning of the offering period and the close of the offering period. As of December 31, 2020, 7,189 shares have been issued under the ESPP since commencement. During each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.02 million.
Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies
As of December 31, 2020, the Company was not involved in any litigation nor to its knowledge is any litigation threatened against the Predecessor or the Company, as applicable, that, in management’s opinion, would result in any material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, or which is not covered by insurance.
In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, the Company enters into non-binding (except with regard to exclusivity and confidentiality) letters of intent indicating a willingness to negotiate for acquisitions. There can be no assurance that definitive contracts will be entered into with respect to any matter covered by letters of intent, that the Company will close the transactions contemplated by such contracts on time, or that the Company will consummate any transaction contemplated by any definitive contract.
Note 12. Subsequent Events
On January 11, 2021, the Company priced a public offering of 3.25 million shares of its Class A Common Stock (the “Secondary Follow-on Offering”) at $15.25 per share. On January 11, 2021, the underwriters purchased the full allotment of 487,500 shares pursuant to a 30-day option at $15.25 per share (the “Additional Shares”). The Secondary Follow-on Offering, including the Additional Shares, closed on January 14, 2021 resulting in $57.0 million in gross proceeds, and approximately $53.9 million in net proceeds after deducting approximately $3.1 million in underwriting discounts and before giving effect to $0.3 million in other estimated expenses relating to the Secondary Follow-on Offering.
POSTAL REALTY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(CONTINUED)
On January 21, 2021, the Company received an executed early renewal notice for 135 properties under a master lease that were scheduled to expire on February 28, 2022 extending the maturity to February 28, 2027.
On January 29, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved, and the Company declared a fourth quarter common stock dividend of $0.2175 per share which is payable on February 26, 2021 to stockholders of record as of February 12, 2021.
On February 3, 2021, the Company fully repaid $13.7 million of the First Oklahoma Bank-April 2020 and First Oklahoma Bank-June 2020 mortgages.
As of March 30, 2021, the Company had net credit facility activity of $10.5 million during the period subsequent to December 31, 2020. As of the date of this report, the Company had $67.5 million drawn on its credit facility.
As of March 30, 2021, the Company closed on the acquisitions of 54 postal properties for approximately $25.7 million during the period subsequent to December 31, 2020.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on the foregoing, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, as of December 31, 2020, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act (i) is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the original framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2021 annual stockholders’ meeting.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2021 annual stockholders’ meeting.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2021 annual stockholders’ meeting.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2021 annual stockholders’ meeting.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2021 annual stockholders’ meeting.
PART IV
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(1) Financial Statements
Our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, together with the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K commencing on page.
(2) Financial Statement Schedule
Our financial statement schedule are included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K commencing on page.
(3) Exhibits
A list of exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K is set forth on the Index to Exhibits commencing on page 50 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Postal Realty Trust, Inc.
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
As of December 31, 2020
Number
Initial Cost to Company Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period (2)
Depreciable
State of
Properties Encumbrances Land Buildings & Improvements to
Acquisition Land Buildings & Improvements Total Accumulated Depreciation Date Acquired
(Year) Life
(Yrs) (1)
Alaska $ - $ 15,133 $ 50,688 $ - $ 15,133 $ 50,688 $ 65,821 $ 5,030
Alabama 891,940 534,201 2,006,100 25,826 534,201 2,031,927 2,566,128 109,841 2013-2020
Arkansas - 1,179,061 3,952,053 - 1,179,061 3,952,053 5,131,114 480,134 2013-2020
California 1,253,974 3,240,603 4,807,849 - 3,240,603 4,807,849 8,048,452 161,422 2019-2020
Colorado 620,750 1,189,692 9,415,034 - 1,189,692 9,415,034 10,604,726 275,839 2019-2020
Connecticut - 523,487 2,122,874 - 523,487 2,122,874 2,646,361 135,914 2013-2020
Delaware 447,768 180,769 435,677 - 180,769 435,677 616,446 8,194
Florida 1,026,775 2,363,968 5,113,214 50,320 2,363,968 5,159,167 7,523,135 118,942 2013-2020
Georgia 516,750 759,160 2,943,287 44,715 759,160 2,988,002 3,747,162 171,519 2013-2020
Iowa 237,250 337,702 2,451,506 33,911 337,702 2,485,417 2,823,119 125,705 2013-2020
Idaho - 60,886 749,215 - 60,886 749,215 810,101 215,166
Illinois 91,000 947,821 5,219,940 78,536 947,821 5,298,476 6,246,297 218,059 2013-2020
Indiana 1,688,334 716,502 4,223,748 59,163 716,502 4,282,911 4,999,413 148,634 2019-2020
Kansas - 250,415 1,953,102 4,530 250,415 1,957,632 2,208,047 68,717 2013-2020
Kentucky - 171,954 1,382,815 - 171,954 1,382,815 1,554,769 122,010 2013-2020
Louisiana 393,250 1,290,721 4,571,036 48,400 1,290,721 4,619,437 5,910,158 467,698 2013-2020
Massachusetts 1,582,750 2,074,870 5,261,158 33,425 2,074,870 5,294,583 7,369,453 1,532,980 2007-2020
Maryland 311,247 454,009 865,741 17,325 454,009 883,066 1,337,075 60,061 2013-2020
Maine - 1,280,640 4,032,600 13,157 1,280,640 4,045,757 5,326,397 135,699 2013-2020
Michigan - 2,001,886 5,426,493 15,141 2,001,886 5,401,341 7,403,227 439,167 2011-2020
Minnesota 364,077 352,694 2,906,821 42,650 352,694 2,949,471 3,302,165 224,739 2013-2020
Missouri 204,750 774,309 3,482,010 136,616 774,309 3,618,626 4,392,935 203,625 2013-2020
Mississippi - 781,157 3,199,131 63,878 781,157 3,263,009 4,044,166 234,550 2013-2020
Montana - 217,338 1,770,343 - 217,338 1,770,343 1,987,681 115,505 2013-2020
North Carolina 234,000 2,363,534 9,196,677 8,525 2,363,534 9,205,202 11,568,736 297,370 2013-2020
North Dakota 221,000 172,292 1,538,690 - 172,292 1,538,690 1,710,982 106,845 2013-2020
Nebraska - 62,890 1,135,114 18,485 62,890 1,153,599 1,216,489 48,660 2013-2020
New Hampshire 204,750 218,667 614,541 - 218,667 614,541 833,208 22,546 2019-2020
New Jersey - 76,592 499,301 - 76,592 499,301 575,893 16,322
New Mexico - 321,585 535,517 - 321,585 535,517 857,102 24,209
Nevada - 19,603 314,931 - 19,603 314,931 334,534 38,345 2013-2019
New York 852,066 2,363,491 5,270,382 79,023 2,363,491 5,349,405 7,712,896 130,876 2019-2020
Ohio 868,818 2,145,141 6,151,101 56,625 2,145,141 6,207,726 8,352,867 472,834 2006-2020
Oklahoma 1,014,000 1,233,512 5,933,798 157,564 1,233,512 6,039,796 7,273,308 788,695 2013-2020
Oregon - 480,107 597,097 - 480,107 597,097 1,077,204 11,962
Pennsylvania 32,134,084 7,741,688 55,249,669 57,375 7,741,688 55,307,040 63,048,728 1,459,633 2005-2020
South Carolina 712,823 379,659 1,756,316 13,200 379,659 1,764,413 2,144,072 58,766 2019-2020
South Dakota - 158,406 1,066,604 - 158,406 1,066,604 1,225,010 110,989 2013-2020
Tennessee - 1,183,903 3,822,491 27,875 1,183,903 3,850,366 5,034,269 406,735 2013-2020
Texas 71,500 2,252,059 9,723,087 149,915 2,252,059 9,873,007 12,125,066 1,921,635 2005-2020
Utah - 73,353 813,078 - 73,353 813,078 886,431 21,822
Virginia - 595,362 2,497,326 - 595,362 2,497,326 3,092,688 78,716 2019-2020
Vermont 214,500 451,873 1,194,169 - 451,873 1,194,169 1,646,042 56,902
Washington - 148,343 795,051 - 148,343 795,051 943,394 66,803 2013-2020
Wisconsin 877,500 2,069,270 11,465,942 170,382 2,069,270 11,627,236 13,696,506 1,219,748 2005-2020
West Virginia - 71,581 798,977 - 71,581 798,977 870,558 30,580 2019-2020
Wyoming - 20,783 159,573 - 20,783 159,573 180,356 45,037
Corporate
78,000,000 - - - - - - -
$ 125,035,656 $ 46,302,672 $ 199,471,867 $ 1,406,562 $ 46,302,672 $ 200,768,015 $ 247,070,687 $ 13,215,180
Explanatory Notes:
(1) Estimated useful life for buildings.
(2) The aggregate cost for Federal Income Tax purposes was approximately $257.6 million as of December 31, 2020.
The following table reconciles real estate for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Beginning Balance $ 120,583,662 38,435,504
Acquisitions 125,422,611 82,021,291
Capital Improvements 1,150,918 151,582
Write-offs (86,381 ) (24,041 )
Other (123 ) (674 )
Ending Balance $ 247,070,687 $ 120,583,662
Explanatory Note:
(1) Other includes reclassification adjustments.
The following table reconciles accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Beginning Balance $ (8,813,579 ) $ (7,121,532 )
Depreciation expense (4,487,982 ) (1,716,088 )
Write-offs 86,381 24,041
Ending Balance $ (13,215,180 ) $ (8,813,579 )
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number
Description
3.1
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company, dated as of May 15, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, effective as of May 15, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019).
4.1
Form of Certificate of Class A Common Stock of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on May 7, 2019).
4.2
Description of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on March 27, 2020).
10.1
First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Postal Realty LP, dated May 16, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019).
10.2
Postal Realty Trust, Inc. Amended and Restated Alignment of Interest Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2020).†
10.3
Representation, Warranty and Indemnity Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2019, by and among the Company, Postal Realty LP and Andrew Spodek (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.4
Tax Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2019, by and among the Company, United Properties Holding, Inc., United Post Office Investments, Inc. and Andrew Spodek (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.5
Form of Right of First Offer Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on May 7, 2019). †
10.6
Tax Protection Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2019, by and among the Company, Postal Realty LP, Andrew Spodek, Tayaka Holdings, LLC and IDJ Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.7
Tax Protection Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2019, by and among the Company, Postal Realty LP and Nationwide Postal Management Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.8
Tax Protection Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2019, by and among the Company, Postal Realty LP and Unlimited Postal Holdings LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.9
Form of Third Party Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on May 7, 2019).
10.10
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2019, by and between the Company and Patrick Donahoe (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.11
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2019, by and between the Company and Anton Feingold (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.12
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2019, by and between the Company and Jeremy Garber (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.13
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2019, by and between the Company and Jane Gural-Senders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
Exhibit Number
Description
10.14
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2019, by and between the Company and Barry Lefkowitz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.15
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2019, by and between the Company and Andrew Spodek (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.16
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2019, by and between the Company and Matt Brandwein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.17
Employment Agreement, dated June 26, 2019, by and between the Company and Andrew Spodek (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.18
Employment Agreement, dated June 26, 2019, by and between the Company and Jeremy Garber (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 27, 2019). †
10.19
Employment Agreement, dated December 30, 2020, by and between the Company and Robert B. Klein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2020). †
10.20
Equity Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on May 7, 2019). †
10.21
Amendment No. 1 to the Postal Realty Trust, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, effective as of June 26, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2020).†
10.22
Form of 2019 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Award Agreement and Notice (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on May 7, 2019). †
10.23
Employee Stock Purchase Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on May 7, 2019). †
10.24
Form of LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on May 7, 2019). †
10.25
Credit Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2019, by and among Postal Realty LP, as borrower, the lenders party thereto and People’s United Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and BMO Capital Markets Corp., as syndication agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2019).
10.26
First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2020, by and among Postal Realty LP, Postal Realty Trust, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, certain lenders party thereto and People’s United Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 26, 2020).
10.27
Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2020, by and among Postal Realty LP, Postal Realty Trust, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and People’s United Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 26, 2020).
10.28
Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of November 24, 2020, by and among Postal Realty LP, Postal Realty Trust, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and People’s United Bank, National Association, as administrative agent. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2020).
10.29
Pledge Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2019, by Postal Realty LP, as pledger, in favor of People’s United Bank, National Association, as administration agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2019).
10.30
Guaranty, dated as of September 27, 2019, by and among the Company, certain subsidiary guarantors and People’s United Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2019).
10.31
Form of Open Market Sale Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 14, 2020).
Exhibit Number
Description
10.32
Open-End Mortgage, Security Agreement, Fixture Filing, Financing Statement and Assignment of Leases and Rents, dated as of December 18, 2020, by and among Thorn Hill Postal Realty Holdings LLC, The United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York and National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2020).
10.33
Promissory Note (USLIC), dated December 18, 2020, made by Thorn Hill Postal Realty Holdings LLC to The United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2020).
10.34
Promissory Note (USLIC - Fortitude), dated December 18, 2020, made by Thorn Hill Postal Realty Holdings LLC to The United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2020).
10.35
Promissory Note (NUFIC), dated December 18, 2020, made by Thorn Hill Postal Realty Holdings LLC to National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2020).
10.36
Suretyship Agreement, dated December 18, 2020, in favor of The United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York and National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2020).
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Company.*
23.1
Consent of BDO USA, LLP.*
31.1
Certification of Annual Report by Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
31.2
Certification of Annual Report by President, Treasurer, and Secretary under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.2
Certification of President, Treasurer and Secretary furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
101.INS
INSTANCE DOCUMENT**
101.SCH
SCHEMA DOCUMENT**
101.CAL
CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
101.LAB
LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
101.PRE
PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
101.DEF
DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
* Filed herewith
† Compensatory plan or arrangement
** Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
POSTAL REALY TRUST, INC.
Date: March 30, By: /s/ Andrew Spodek
Andrew Spodek
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name
Title
Date
/s/ Andrew Spodek
Chief Executive Officer and Director
March 30, 2021
Andrew Spodek
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Jeremy Garber
President, Treasurer and Secretary
March 30, 2021
Jeremy Garber
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Matt Brandwein
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
March 30, 2021
Matt Brandwein
(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Patrick Donahoe
Independent Director, Chairman of
March 30, 2021
Patrick Donahoe
Board of Directors
/s/ Barry Lefkowitz
Independent Director
March 30, 2021
Barry Lefkowitz
/s/ Jane Gural-Senders
Independent Director
March 30, 2021
Jane Gural-Senders
/s/ Anton Feingold
Independent Director
March 30, 2021
Anton Feingold

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES