EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1748137
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1748137_10-K_2023_0001683168-23-006642.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We are a designer, manufacturer, and seller of high-end Energy Storage Systems (or ESS), primarily our NeoVolta NV14, NV14-K, and NV 24, which can store and use energy via batteries and an inverter at residential or commercial sites. We were founded to identify new ways to leverage emerging technologies with the dynamic changes that are taking place in the energy delivery space. We primarily market and sell our products directly to our certified solar installers and solar equipment distributors. In the future, we intend to expand multiple opportunities with residential developers, commercial developers, and other commercial opportunities. Because we are purely dedicated to energy solar systems, virtually all of our current resources and efforts go into further developing our flagship NV14, NV14-K, and NV 24 products, while focusing on specific industry needs for our next generation of products. We believe we are unique in the marketplace due to our low cost, our innovative battery chemistry, our product versatility, and our commitment to installer service. Because of these factors, we believe NeoVolta is uniquely equipped to establish ourselves as a major player in the energy storage market.
Our NV14 ESS contains a 7,680 W hybrid 120V / 240V and 208V 3-phase inverter and a 14.4 kWh battery system power. The NV14 is energy efficient, has a variety of operating options, and uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFe (PO4)) batteries. The batteries we utilize are capable of 6,000 cycles at a Depth of Discharge (DoD) of 90% and have a high thermal range (heat and cold tolerances). Our NV14 ESS integrates all components and is NEMA Type 3R rated (indoor/outdoor). Our NV14-K variant is specifically designed for inclusion into EOS Linx Electric Vehicle charging and advertising products named “Aurora Charge Station.” Our NV24 provides additional energy storage capacity raising the NV14 from 14.4 KW to 24.0 KW. Our newest update of the NV14 ESS allows for commercial 208V 3-phase installations adding significantly to our potential customer base.
History
We completed the initial design work and completed testing and certification of our first offering, the NeoVolta NV14, in August 2018. In September 2018, we completed our first production prototype. By March 2019, we completed all certifications and were granted approval by the California Energy Commission (CEC) for off-grid and on-grid installation. Since our headquarters are located in San Diego County, a county with more than 160,000 solar customers, we chose San Diego for our initial rollout. In May 2019, the NV14 was approved throughout San Diego County and City areas by San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) for connection to its grid system and customer installations began. In June 2019, we moved our contracted manufacturing to a facility in Poway, California. In June 2019, we began marketing to San Diego based solar installers. In early 2020, we expanded our certified installer network to the greater Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Sacramento areas. At present, we have installs in the following 14 States and Territories: California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Puerto Rico. In January 2021, we moved to a larger production facility in Poway, California to facilitate growth.
Our Products - NeoVolta NV14, NV14-K, and NV24
The NV14 is a complete ESS with 7,680-Watt 120V / 240V hybrid inverter (one of the largest in the industry) which is also capable of 208V 3-phase commercial power with a 14.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate (LiFe (PO4)) battery system. The NV14-K is a variant of the NV14 built to EOS Linx specifications. This is all incorporated in one National Electrical Manufacturer Association (NEMA) Type 3R rated indoor/outdoor cabinet system with all United Laboratories (UL) compliant electrical certifications, and fire code requirements. The NV14 is capable of storing and using inverted (AC) photovoltaic, non-inverted (DC) photovoltaic, or both AC and DC photovoltaic solar sources. It can also accept utility grid AC power as a charging source for the integrated 14.4 kWh battery system. The NV14 system will charge the batteries with excess solar photovoltaic (AC, DC or both AC and DC) power during daylight conditions - a unique functionality in the ESS industry. The inverter will invert DC battery power into AC power during periods of darkness or higher use periods. Once discharged, the batteries will be idle until excess solar photovoltaic is available and will subsequently begin to recharge. The NV14 is designed to primarily charge from solar but can be programmed to charge from other sources of power (solar, wind turbine, generator, and grid). It can be easily programmed by our certified installers to customer-specific use profiles, including for “rate arbitrage,” (graph below) which allows charging from the grid during the lowest rate periods if the utility company allows this activity. Once recharged, the batteries will discharge once solar photovoltaic begins to wane or when the customer needs more power than available from solar photovoltaic. By doing this, customers will be consuming their own solar photovoltaic production instead of sending excess photovoltaic power to the grid and then buying this power back later in the evening from the utility at an often significantly higher retail rate, thereby potentially lowering their monthly electric bill depending on their local utility’s rate plan. Our NV14 is also capable of multi-tasking by recharging via solar photovoltaic power while also supplying power.
We believe our NV14 is unique among its competitors in that the cabinet is rated for indoor/outdoor installation (NEMA Type 3R) allowing for more installation configurations and the ability to fit more residential customer use cases. With measurements of 50.5” H x 38” W x 10” D it can be installed either inside the garage or outside (preferable near existing utility connections) of the residence or facility.
No solar system can provide power to a home without a system capable of “Islanding,” due to safety regulations put in place for utility workers during outages. “Islanding” is when a PV generator or other electrical source continues to power a location or residence even though electrical grid power is no longer present. According to Bloomenergy.com, power outages are on the rise in California. There were 25,281 blackout events in 2019, a 23% increase from 20,598 in 2018. The number of utility customers affected jumped to 28.4 million in 2019, up 50% from 19 million in 2018. Our NV14 is capable of “Islanding” when used with AC or DC photovoltaic (PV) systems. As islanding can be dangerous to utility workers, who may not realize that a circuit is still powered, an ESS capable of “islanding” must be capable of physically disconnecting from the grid power when it senses that grid supply is not present, has an over current, or an undercurrent condition. The NV14 includes “islanding” relays that are approved to perform this function. Islanding also allows solar production to function and power the residence or facility thereby decreasing the impact of a grid outage.
Our NV14 currently includes a commercially available encrypted WiFi logger and associated smart phone application that allows customers to visualize the state of the system in 8-minute intervals (battery, home, grid, photovoltaic, and/or generator). Settings adjustments for how the system works can be made remotely by the installer if/when utilities make changes to Time-of-Use billing rates/times. Our remote management system is included with the product and allows NeoVolta 24/7 system health monitoring, malfunction diagnosis, and the ability to push firmware and software updates. This allows NeoVolta, installers, and their customers, insight into system health 24/7. Remote monitoring and programming is accomplished using AWS Key Management encryption and cloud storage ensuring customer privacy and security.
Our NV24 has additional battery capability that raises NV14 energy storage from 14.4 KW to 24.0 KW. As the NV24 has add-on battery capacity, additional inverters are not required. This enables customers to achieve a 67% increase in storage for a fraction of the typical cost of adding more storage. Most competitive systems require an additional inverter for any additional storage.
New ESS fire code regulations have been significant and are ongoing, especially in California. ESSs can no longer be installed inside the living areas of a home. ESSs can be installed inside the garage but require smoke and heat detectors and may also require bollards or caging to protect the ESS from being accidentally struck by a vehicle. This is a particularly detrimental code to ESS that cannot be installed outside. Both requirements are directly related to fire risk from certain battery chemistries. Lithium Ion, a very popular chemistry in the ESS industry, has demonstrated fire and thermal runaway characteristics in certain circumstances. Our batteries were UL 9540 certified at the cell and modular level in July 2021 certifying that they will not catch on fire and exhibit no thermal runaway characteristics.
We expect such changes in regulatory code to be a routine requirement as ESS is a new field that warrants scrutiny and is a major focus of our management team. We also see the complex regulatory environment as a significant barrier to new market entry.
Market Characteristics
Our market can be looked at two ways: the solar installer market and the ESS market.
Solar Installer Market. The bulk of NeoVolta’s revenue and recurring customer base is residential and commercial solar system installers. According to IBIS Worldwide, there are over 13,000 solar installers in the US employing almost 55,000 employees. With SunRun and Tesla Energy representing approximately 20% of the market combined, and the top 10 companies representing about 38%. Most solar installers in the US are very small, independently owned operators and are generally not serviced by the larger companies. These underserved installers have been NeoVolta’s target market. Based on IBIS’ figures, we estimate this to be at least 13,000 installers with less than 25 employees. Our average recurring installer customer purchases 1-2 systems a month. They generally sell their systems and install and pay for them within the same month, and typically do not stock inventory, so we believe NeoVolta’s “just in time” product availability makes us an ideal fit. Once these customers become certified NeoVolta installers, they become recurring customers. We built our company based on servicing small installers and will continue to do so by focusing on product availability, installer service, and, most importantly, the characteristics of our product while we capture market share. As we gain market acceptance, we expect larger installers to take notice. This is especially true when considering repeated product availability challenges within the industry.
Installer storage installation activity has grown over time, with 50% of all active residential installers in 2020 having completed at least one solar + storage system, up from less than 20% in 2016 according to Berkeley Labs. The rate of attachment, or number of PV systems installed with storage, is growing considerably. According to Wood Mackenzie, by 2025, nearly 29% of all behind-the-meter solar systems will be paired with storage, compared to under 11% in 2021. Most of the growth will be powered by the smaller installers, as larger installers have already incorporated storage into their standard new solar offerings. Although Tesla and LG Chem have dominated the market in the past few years, new market entries continue to gain ground and new opportunities in the space continue to present themselves to those who can adapt to fill the need. Additionally, our larger ESS competitors focus on energy storage as a component of their new solar installation, whereas NeoVolta focuses entirely on ESSs, revealing what we believe to be a compelling market in existing solar system retrofits. According to Berkeley Lab’s Tracking the Sun dataset, there are over 3 million solar systems installed in the US and only 6.8% of those have energy solar installed. This marketplace scenario presents small installer customers almost 3 million households to revisit for a storage retrofit especially when their 10-15 year old inverter experiences end of life.
We believe that our 100% commitment to ESS and our relatively small size allow us to navigate this nascent industry more nimbly, and we have been able to develop distinct competitive advantages despite our relative resources.
ESS Market. This is a relatively new market as solar attached storage systems have only become viable in the last decade. It is a subset of what the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) refers to as the $17 billion U.S. residential solar PV market. Wood Mackenzie forecasts that there will be 3 million installations in 2021 growing to 4 million in 2023. According to Mordor Intelligence, the global residential energy storage systems market is expected to register a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of more than 19% during the forecast period of 2021 - 2026, reaching a market value of more than $8.5 billion by 2026 from $2.2 billion in 2019. The growth of the ESS market comes from a combination of retrofits to existing solar installations and more widespread adoption of storage as part of new solar installations.
According to Wood Mackenzie’s U.S. Energy Storage Monitor, released in December 2020, the residential storage segment posted its best quarter ever in the third quarter of 2020, during the height of the coronavirus pandemic with 52 megawatts and 119 megawatt-hours of new storage installed. The U.S. market is expected to reach 7.5 gigawatts in 2025, which amounts to sixfold growth from 2020.
Market Drivers
Regulatory. The regulatory drivers regarding ESS come in the form of an increasing number of mandates and incentives. On the mandate side, in August of 2021, California became the first state in the country to require builders to install solar and battery storage on new commercial buildings and high-rise multifamily buildings. This state approved Energy Code also includes requirements for builders to design single-family homes so battery storage can be easily added to the already existing solar system in the future as well as incentives to eliminate natural gas from new buildings. On the incentive side, the federal Investment Tax Credit, or ITC, has been the most impactful providing a 26% credit for the cost of a unit if you pair the battery with an on-site renewable resource. For a typical ESS, the ITC can reduce the cost of the system by $4,500 to $6,000. This has become even more beneficial with the enactment of The Inflation Reduction Act, increasing the credit to 30% for all ESS. Many states are also putting incentive systems in place. Beyond states taking steps to encourage greater adoption of energy storage technologies, some utilities are now also offering incentives to home and business owners who install storage. To date, most of these utility-specific storage incentives are in the Northeast. We anticipate more of these programs being put in place in the future. In November 2022, the California Public Energy Commission (CPUC) passed Net Energy Metering 3 (NEM3) with phase in date of April 14, 2023. NEM3 significantly reduces the value to “excess” solar that a customer sends to the Utility during the day. Under NEM2, customer typically achieved a pay back period of 5-6 years. Under NEM3, solar pay back is 10-12 years depending on the Utility. As a result, most solar installers focused on installing as much solar as possible prior to the April 14, 2023 deadline. This resulted in a delay of battery and ESS installations since adding these capabilities do not affect NEM status, however, the impact of the temporary market distortion has been largely reversed since that date.
Utilities can also impact battery storage adoption on the cost side of the equation. In certain circumstances, when state utilities change their billing profiles, the market for ESS becomes more (or less) attractive. For example, Hawaii’s attachment rate rose to 80% after the state began transitioning away from net energy metering (NEM) and reduced compensation for grid exports.
Resiliency. Energy dependence has been a growing concern in the last few years as weather patterns have become more erratic. New findings from the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Clean Energy Group (CEG) found that when the value of resilience is considered - preventing power outages - several more integrated solar-plus-storage projects are economically viable.
Utilities are addressing this matter in some cases through Public Safety Power Shut Off (PSPS) events (when power is purposefully turned off in the case of high winds with very dry vegetation conditions that increase wildfire risks). The direct result of this was seen in California after the PSPS events of late 2019.
Consumer Perception. Although both economics and resiliency have been impactful on ESS demand, researchers at Berkeley Labs concluded that a third category of consumer perception may be adding to the trend. The feedback they received included the concept that consumers saw ESS as a “green” investment and felt like it was a way to “stick it to the utilities”. These factors are obviously less measurable than the more objective drivers above but are an additive factor in the market.
Growth Strategy
Our growth strategy is focused on expanding our core business of distributing our products on a recurring basis to small and medium sized installers and to continue expanding the application of our product into various commercial applications through development partnerships. Sungage Financial and GoodLeap finance NeoVolta installations with or without solar. We are working to add additional financing and leasing options. We plan to do this through an increase in targeted direct sales and marketing to installers in ripe regional markets, concentrating efforts on adding to our national distributor partners, and marketing in ESS industry circles to identify new potential applications of our systems. Our growth thus far has been through word of mouth and networking mainly in Southern California. We have been successful in consistently growing both our installer base and our number of installs through these means, but recognize that to succeed in the national marketplace, we will need to bring on a team of sales and marketing professionals to reach our goals. We have plans to start to build out this team relatively soon.
Non-Residential / Commercial Growth: Our all-in-one system was engineered with the intent to be easily configurable to the needs of the client and easily serviced and updated for our installers. Flexibility due to the close contact with the manufacturing process and the adaptability of the product, along with our ability to handle commercial 208V 3-phse power, have opened up a number of new opportunities for us. In that regard, various stakeholders have sought us out to create an energy storage system for their unique needs specifically because others would not or could not accept the challenge. NeoVolta was and continues to be open to customizing our products for energy storage contracts should they meet our volume, profitability, and system requirements. This strategy of flexibility in R&D is affording NeoVolta access into markets that would normally be closed to companies of our size. We will continue to leverage this customer-driven approach in the future.
New opportunities in this sector are difficult to forecast, but are a core focus of our current sales and marketing plan. As these projects roll out and begin to be publicized, we believe NeoVolta can establish itself as an energy storage system engineering firm for large projects in applications globally. We intend to take advantage of our adaptability and the nascent industry to fill these diverse and complicated needs. We have previously announced partnerships with PMP Energy, EOS Linx, and American Development Partners. We continue to explore other than residential opportunities that NeoVolta is uniquely suited for.
Competition
We compete with several large competitors already successfully selling in the ESS space. Notable competitors include Tesla, LG Chem, Sonnen, Enphase, SunPower, and SMA America, among others. Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial, product development, manufacturing, marketing resources, and name recognition. In addition to competitors in the ESS space, we compete with companies in power generation equipment and other engine powered products industries. We face competition from a variety of large diversified industrial companies as well as smaller generator manufacturers, along with mobile equipment, engine powered tools, solar inverter, battery storage and grid services providers, both domestic and internationally. In addition, as energy storage becomes a necessary component for residential customers to realize better value/savings from their solar PV installation, we believe new competitors will emerge in this field. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete in this market.
NeoVolta Competitive Advantages:
Availability. We believe recent back-order times for competitive products have been as long as 9-months in recent years. Smaller installers rely on quick sales to install to payment to keep their business going, and the lack of availability of competitive products is often the reason they are introduced to NeoVolta. Since December 2021, NeoVolta has been delivering on orders in under one week, very often the same day. We achieve this by maintaining a high level of inventory relative to projected sales, component consolidation prior to shipment, and a small lot, recurring freight strategy, which we believe allows for more flexibility in getting through the supply chain. Our strategy of maintaining higher levels of inventory based on projected sales means that to the extent our sales expectations in any periods are incorrect we may suffer cash flow constraints for such periods. LG Chem recently experienced a large recall of their older systems due to fire risk and product defects associated with their lithium-ion chemistry. Inability to secure reliable product delivery, fire risk, and recalls have harmed reputations of our competitors.
Installer Service. NeoVolta considers its installer relationships to be the key to our growth. The relative newness of the industry requires a great deal of education and support to ensure quality and efficient installations. With all energy storage, there is significant necessary electrical work, which may be new to smaller solar installers. NeoVolta requires that every installer go through our Certified Installer Program and we often walk them through early installations one-on-one to get them comfortable with the product either in-person or via smart phone video. NeoVolta’s San Diego-based direct customer support is available throughout the install and for any ongoing service, as well as through our remote system monitoring. This one-on-one philosophy has generated great customer loyalty and install success and we intend to invest the resources necessary to keep this partnership culture a priority.
Superior Product. Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial, product development, manufacturing, marketing resources, and name recognition than we have. However, with the industry’s growth will come frequent and dramatic change. We believe that our 100% commitment to ESS and our size allow us to navigate this nascent industry more nimbly, and we have been able to develop distinct competitive advantages to appeal to smaller and regional independent installers. We designed the NeoVolta NV14 to be cost effective, easy to install and service, and adaptable to customer needs. We are one of very few in the ESS industry to focus virtually all our resources on energy storage systems.
Key Product Advantages:
· Residential / Commercial: System adapts to either application without the need for any additional equipment (transformers)
· Outdoor or Indoor installations: NEMA 3R rated
· Higher power than most competitive options (7,680 W inverter)
· Compatible with AC, DC or both AC and DC power
· UL certified to have no thermal runaway and no thermal risk (UL 9540A)
· Higher 6,000 cycle batteries
· Compatible with generators
· Can support off grid
· Capable of adding additional battery storage capacity without need for additional inverter
Our NV14 inverter can also accept 208 Volt 3-phase commercial power by simply making a settings change. This feature allows small businesses to back up vital systems such as refrigeration, servers, alarm systems, entry and exit security features, vaults, emergency lighting, etc. Some States are beginning to require these capabilities as an emergency capability due to frequent grid outages.
IP & Product Development
We currently have three issued US utility patents. US Patent No. 10,998,730 B1 is directed to NeoVolta’s solar power inverter system. US Patent No. 11,502,618 B2 relates to NeoVolta’s generators. US Patent No. 11,605,952 B1. which is an expansion of our first Patent, relates to NeoVolta’s solar power inverter system. We will continue to expand our Patent portfolio when appropriate.
We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret, including federal, state and common law rights in the United States and other countries, nondisclosure agreements, and other measures to protect our intellectual property. We require our employees, consultants, and advisors to execute confidentiality agreements and to agree to disclose and assign to us all inventions conceived under their respective employment, consultant, or advisor agreement, using our property, or which relate to our business. Despite any measures taken to protect our intellectual property, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Our business is affected by our ability to protect against misappropriation and infringement of our intellectual property, including our trademarks, service marks, patents, domain names, copyrights and other proprietary rights.
Regulatory Environment
Regulators are quickly getting involved in the ESS space. In the past three years, California regulators have implemented major requirements, including CSIP and CPUC “rapid shutdown,” garage safety, non-ferrous cabinet, and more are being planned. We have a track record of understanding, adapting, and deploying our products in this ever-changing world.
California, via the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), and Hawaii appear to be leading the United States when it comes to new ESS regulations. In the past 36-months, CPUC adopted Common Smart Inverter Profile (CSIP), solar rapid shutdown, and several fire standards both inside garages and outside on residential dwellings. On June 22, 2020, with significant technical development and relationship building, NeoVolta received all certifications necessary for California CSIP compliance. On August 5, 2020, the California Energy Commission (CEC) approved NeoVolta’s CSIP application. CEC facilitates regulatory approvals for the CPUC.
In January 2021, CPUC adopted solar “rapid shutdown” requirements, which means emergency responders needed to be able to quickly terminate all with a switch or lever within a few feet of the Main Service Panel (MSP). NeoVolta already met this challenge with outside AC solar installations, and quickly met the requirements for indoor installations and DC solar.
In June 2022, California adopted several requirements for inside garage installations and disallowed any installs inside residential living spaces to include most basements. These changes affect where a system can be installed and may prevent installation in colder climates.
NeoVolta’s other certifications include:
· Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 9540, 9540A, 1973, 1741SA, 1642, and 1699B Arc Fault Circuit Protection Type
UL 1741 third edition (including UL 1741 Supplemental SB)
· UL 9540A Battery Energy Storage System (ANSI/CAN/UL 9540:2020)
· Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1547 (2018 standard)
· International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
· Electrical Codes: National Fire Protection Association’s NFPA 70 National Fire Codes (NEC) 2023
· California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) Rule 21 Interconnection
· Hawaii Electric Companies Source Requirement Document Version 1.1 (SRD-UL-1741-SA-V1.1)
· CSA Group C22.2 No. 107.1:2001 Ed. 3
· Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 15 Class B
· National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Type 3R
· California Energy Commission (CEC): Grid Support Utility, Utility Interactive, Energy Storage System NV14 and NV24
NeoVolta has established a track record for quickly understanding and meeting regulatory hurdles. Although regulatory changes will cause an enduring need for increases in Research and Development (R&D) and product constraints, we believe this will also raise the barrier of entry to new market entrants. We believe NeoVolta is well positioned to face new regulatory requirements due to our battery chemistry and our product being developed in California - where regulatory standards in energy are generally set.
In November 2022, the CPUC passed Net Energy Metering 3 (“NEM3”) with a phase in date of April 14, 2023. NEM3 significantly reduces the value to “excess” solar that a customer sends to the Utility during the day. Under NEM2, customer typically achieved a pay back period of 5-6 years. Under NEM3, solar pay back is 10-12 years depending on the Utility. As a result, most solar installers focused on installing as much solar as possible prior to the April 14, 2023 deadline. This resulted in a delay of battery and ESS installations since adding these capabilities do not affect NEM status. The full impact of NEM3 to both the solar and ESS industry will not be known for several months.
Manufacturing
All of NeoVolta’s products are manufactured in-house at our Poway, CA facility. We manufacture our products in an efficient build-to-order model, keeping very little finished-goods inventory. We sublease and share our facility with our former contract manufacturer under a physical arrangement.
Pursuant to an amendment to our supply agreement with our former contract manufacturer in April 2023, we took over direct responsibility for the manufacturing process surrounding our ESS units from our contract manufacturer on June 1, 2023. Accordingly, we now issue customer build orders to our two new employees that we hired from our former contract manufacturer, they pull the raw materials from the warehouse, assemble the final units and prepare them for shipment or pick-up. Our timeline from order to delivery is usually less than two weeks.
The end-product is then picked up or shipped from our docks, signed off by our installer and logged into our system when installed for system monitoring.
We run multiple quality checks throughout the process and have systems to track components and end-units from Asia to San Diego to the end-user’s location. We record all component serial numbers, all torque settings, and annotates all required item numbers and functionality prior to packaging.
Recent Assembly Inventory Purchase
In April 2023, we closed the bulk purchase of raw materials inventory from our contract manufacturer by making a cash payment to that company in the net amount of $1.3 million, after considering credits for prepayments and other items of approximately $0.1 million. This transaction was completed pursuant to an amendment of our Master Supply Agreement with our contract manufacturer. In addition to the purchase of the raw materials inventory from our contract manufacturer, this amendment provided for the eventual assumption by us of full responsibility from our contract manufacturer for the manufacturing of our proprietary Energy Storage Systems (“ESS”) units. Pursuant to the amendment, we assumed such responsibility for the manufacturing process surrounding our ESS units from our contract manufacturer on June 1, 2023. In conjunction with assuming this responsibility, we hired the two employees of our contract manufacturer who previously performed contract manufacturing services for us. We plan to hire three additional “assemblers” in the near future. All of our manufacturing certifications are listed under NeoVolta. This amended agreement had no effect on our present Sublease Agreement with our contract manufacturer, pertaining to our existing manufacturing location in Poway, CA (see “Item 2 - Properties”).
Employees
As of June 30, 2023, we have seven full-time employees. Our CEO manages all Company strategy, sales and R&D, our CFO manages all finance and administration. Our manufacturing operations are performed by the four new employees that we recently hired from our former contract operator, as noted above. The balance of the staff manages supply chain, technical support and marketing/sales support. We also contract for hire with four outside consultants and contractors on an ongoing basis. Also, we enter into specific contracts for non-recurring R&D projects, as needed. Our intent is to hire any new executive level leaders in the coming year as necessary.
Access to Information
Our website is at www.neovolta.com. We make available, free of charge, on our corporate website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. Information contained on our website does not, and shall not be deemed to, constitute part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our reference to the URL for our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference only.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following risks and uncertainties should be carefully considered in addition to the other information included in this Report. If any of the following conditions or other unknown conditions should occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed. An investment in our securities is speculative in nature, involves a high degree of risk and should not be made by an investor who cannot bear the economic risk of its investment for an indefinite period of time and who cannot afford the loss of its entire investment.
Risks Related to our Business and Industry
We are a relatively new company, with our sales having only commenced in July 2019, and we continue to have some of the risks associated with start-up ventures.
We formed our corporation in 2018. Since formation, we have focused on research, development and certification of our first energy storage system. We began marketing, sales, and installations via our certified installers in May 2019 (although no sales were completed in the year ended June 30, 2019). We may never achieve commercial success with our energy storage systems. We have limited historical financial data upon which we may base our projected revenue and operating expenses. Our relatively short operating history makes it difficult for potential investors to evaluate our technology or prospective operations and business prospects. Accordingly, we continue to be subject to many of the risks inherent in business development, financing, unexpected expenditures, and complications and delays that often occur in a new business. Investors should evaluate an investment in us in light of the uncertainties encountered by developing companies in a competitive environment. There can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful or that we will ultimately be able to attain profitability.
We have a history of net losses and we are uncertain about our future profitability.
We have incurred significant net losses since our inception. For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we have incurred net losses of $2.6 million and $5.8 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $18.4 million. If our revenue grows more slowly than currently anticipated, or if operating expenses are higher than expected, we may be unable to consistently achieve profitability, our financial condition will suffer, and the value of our common stock could decline. Even if we are successful increasing our sales, we may incur losses in the foreseeable future as we continue to develop and market our products. If sales revenue from any of our current products or any additional products that we develop in the future is insufficient, or if our product development is delayed, we may be unable to achieve profitability and, in the event we are unable to secure financing for prolonged periods of time, we may need to temporarily cease operations and, possibly, shut them down altogether. Furthermore, even if we are able to achieve profitability, we may be unable to sustain or increase such profitability on a quarterly or annual basis, which would adversely impact our financial condition and significantly reduce the value of our common stock.
We may experience in the future, delays or other complications in the design, manufacture, launch and production ramp of our energy storage products which could harm our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We may encounter unanticipated challenges, such as supply chain or logistics constraints, that lead to delays in producing and ramping our energy storage products. Any significant delay or other complication in the production of our products or the development, manufacture, and production ramp of our future products, including complications associated with expanding our production capacity and supply chain or obtaining or maintaining regulatory approvals, and/or coronavirus impacts, could materially damage our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We may be unable to meet our growing energy storage production plans and delivery plans, any of which could harm our business and prospects.
Our plans call for achieving and sustaining significant increases in energy storage systems production and deliveries. Our ability to achieve these plans will depend upon a number of factors, including our ability to utilize installed manufacturing capacity, achieve the planned production yield and further increase capacity as planned while maintaining our desired quality levels and optimize design and production changes, and our suppliers’ ability to support our needs. If we are unable to realize our plans, our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially damaged.
We are dependent on our two main component vendors for our suppliers of batteries, inverters and other raw materials and the inability of these single-source suppliers to deliver necessary components of our products according to our schedule and at prices, quality levels and volumes acceptable to us, or our inability to efficiently manage these components, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
Our products contain numerous purchased parts which we source globally from direct suppliers, the majority of whom are currently single-source suppliers. Any significant unanticipated demand would require us to procure additional components in a short amount of time. While we believe that we will be able to secure additional or alternate sources of supply for most of our components in a relatively short time frame, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so or develop our own replacements for certain highly customized components of our products. In addition, if we are required to use alternative suppliers for certain critical components, we may need to have our products go through a re-certification process with various regulatory bodies, which process may be lengthy. In such event, we would not be able to sell our products using these new components until we received all required certifications.
If we encounter unexpected difficulties with key suppliers such as our inverter or lithium-iron phosphate cell supplier, and if we are unable to fill these needs from other suppliers, we could experience production delays and potential loss of access to important technology and parts for producing, servicing and supporting our products. This limited, and in many cases single source, supply chain exposes us to multiple potential sources of delivery failure or component shortages for the production of our products. The loss of any single or limited source supplier or the disruption in the supply of components from these suppliers could lead to significant product design changes and delays in product deliveries to our customers, which could hurt our relationships with our customers and result in negative publicity, damage to our brand and a material and adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Changes in our supply chain may result in increased cost. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to control and reduce supplier costs, our operating results will suffer.
There is no assurance that our suppliers will ultimately be able to meet our cost, quality and volume needs, or do so at the times needed. Furthermore, as the scale of our energy storage systems increase, we will need to accurately forecast, purchase, warehouse and transport to our manufacturing facilities components at much higher volumes than we have experience with. If we are unable to accurately match the timing and quantities of component purchases to our actual needs, or successfully implement automation, inventory management and other systems to accommodate the increased complexity in our supply chain, we may incur unexpected production disruption, storage, transportation and write-off costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
The duration and scope of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are uncertain and may continue to adversely affect our operations, supply chain, distribution, and demand for our products.
While the global designation of COVID-19 as a pandemic has recently ended, the Company is assessing any potential factors that may continue to impact its business. Thus far, the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and our customers has not affected us materially. To date, we have not experienced any issues with our supply chain, but delays through international ports have been experienced in the industry. If we were to encounter a significant disruption due to COVID-19 at one or more of our locations or suppliers, we may not be able to satisfy customer demand for a period of time.
Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 on the economy, demand for our products and impacts to our operations, including the measures taken by governmental authorities to address it, may precipitate or exacerbate other risks and/or uncertainties, including specifically many of the risk factors set forth herein, which may have a significant impact on our operating results and financial condition, although we are unable to predict the extent or nature of these impacts at this time.
We are currently selling two products and if these products that we sell or install fail to perform as expected, our reputation could be harmed and our ability to develop, market and sell our products and services could be harmed.
If our energy products were to contain defects in design and manufacture that cause them not to perform as expected or that require repair or take longer than expected to become enabled or are legally restricted, our ability to develop, market and sell our products and services could be harmed. While we intend to perform internal testing on the products we manufacture, as a start-up company we currently have no frame of reference by which to evaluate detailed long-term quality, reliability, durability and performance characteristics of our battery packs, inverters, and energy storage products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix any defects in our products prior to their sale to or installation for consumers. Any product defects, delays or legal restrictions on product features, or other failure of our products to perform as expected could harm our reputation and result in delivery delays, product recalls, product liability claims, significant warranty and other expenses, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.
We depend on a small number of wholesale dealers for a significant portion of our revenues to date.
Due to our limited operating history, we depend on a relatively small number of wholesale dealers and installers, primarily in California, for our revenue. In the year ended June 30, 2023, three such dealers represented approximately 25%, 15% and 13% of the Company’s revenues whereas in the year ended June 30, 2022, two such dealers represented approximately 20% each of the Company’s revenues. As of June 30, 2023, four such dealers represented approximately 94% of the Company’s accounts receivable. Our limited customer base and concentration could expose us to the risk of substantial losses if a single dominant customer stops purchasing, or significantly reduces orders for, our products. Our ability to maintain close relationships with these top customers is essential to the growth and profitability of our business. If we fail to sell our products to one or more of these top customers in any particular period, or if a large customer purchases fewer of our products, defers orders or fails to place additional orders with us, or if we fail to develop additional major customers, our revenue could decline, and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
If we fail to scale our business operations and otherwise manage future growth and adapt to new conditions effectively as we grow our company, we may not be able to produce, market, sell and service our products successfully.
Any failure to manage our growth effectively could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. Our future operating results depend to a large extent on our ability to manage our expansion and growth successfully. We may not be successful in undertaking this expansion if we are unable to control expenses and avoid cost overruns and other unexpected operating costs; adapt our products and conduct our operations to meet local requirements; implement the required infrastructure, systems and processes; and find and hire the right skills to make our growth successful.
If we are unable to achieve our targeted manufacturing costs for our energy storage products our financial condition and operating results will suffer.
As a relatively new company, we have limited historical data that ensures our targeted manufacturing costs will be achievable. While we expect in the future to better understand and control our manufacturing costs, there is no guarantee we will be able to achieve sufficient cost savings to reach our gross margin and profitability goals. We may also incur substantial costs or cost overruns in utilizing and increasing the production capability of our energy storage system facilities.
If we are unable to achieve production cost targets on our products pursuant to our plans, we may not be able to meet our gross margin and other financial targets. Many of the factors that impact our manufacturing costs are beyond our control, such as potential increases in the costs of our materials and components, such as lithium iron phosphate, nickel and other components of our battery cells. If we are unable to continue to control and reduce our manufacturing costs, our operating results, business and prospects will be harmed.
Increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of materials, in particular for inverters and lithium iron phosphate cells, could harm our business.
We may experience increases in the cost or a sustained interruption in the supply or shortage of materials. Any such increase, supply interruption or shortage could materially and negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. We use various materials in our business, including inverters and lithium iron phosphate cells, from suppliers.
The prices for these materials fluctuate, and their available supply may be unstable, depending on market conditions and global demand for these materials, including as a result of increased production of energy storage products by our competitors, and could adversely affect our business and operating results. For instance, we are exposed to multiple risks relating to inverters and lithium iron phosphate cells.
These risks include:
· an increase in the cost, or decrease in the available supply, of materials used;
· disruption in the supply of cells due to quality issues or recalls by manufacturers;
· tariffs on the materials we source in China, which make up a significant amount of the materials we require;
· fluctuations in the value of the Chinese Renminbi against the U.S. dollar as our purchases for energy storage products are denominated in Chinese Renminbi.; and
· potential increases in global shipping costs.
Our business is dependent on the continued supply of inverters and battery cells for the battery packs used in our energy storage products. Any disruption in the supply of inverters or battery cells could disrupt production of our battery packs we require for our energy storage product. Substantial increases in the prices for our materials or prices charged to us would increase our operating costs, and could reduce our margins if we cannot recoup the increased costs through increased prices. Any attempts to increase prices in response to increased material costs could result in cancellations of energy storage orders and therefore materially and adversely affect our brand, image, business, prospects and operating results.
Recent increases in mortgage interest rates may result in a decrease in demand by homeowners for our residential energy storage systems.
Sales volume in our homeowner channel is partially dependent on the construction of new homes and the sale of existing homes in our residential markets. Many customers of our installation partners rely on mortgage loans from banks and other lenders in order to finance a substantial portion of the purchase price for their home, including any related improvements. Increased mortgage interest rates may lead to lower demand for new homes and a reduced number of homes available for solar origination through our homeowner channel. Additionally, increased interest rates may result in fewer secondary home sales, a reduction in the number of customers refinancing their mortgages and uncertainty about the economy.
We are currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from the conflict in Ukraine or any other geopolitical tensions.
U.S. and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the escalation of geopolitical tensions and the start of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. On February 24, 2022, a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops was reported and the conflict is continuing at an intense level. Although the length and impact of the ongoing military conflict is highly unpredictable, the conflict in Ukraine could lead to further market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions. We are continuing to monitor the situation in Ukraine and globally and assessing its potential impact on our business. In addition, Russian military actions and the resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets, potentially making it more difficult for us to obtain additional funds.
Any of the above mentioned factors could affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be substantial. Any such disruptions may also magnify the impact of other risks described in this registration statement.
We may become subject to product liability claims, which could harm our financial condition and liquidity if we are not able to successfully defend or insure against such claims.
Although we believe we have designed our products for safety, product liability claims, even those without merit, could harm our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. Our risks in this area are particularly pronounced given that we have only recently begun to deliver energy storage products. Moreover, a product liability claim could generate substantial negative publicity about our products and business and could have material adverse effect on our brand, business, prospects and operating results.
The markets in which we operate are in their infancy and highly competitive, and we may not be successful in competing in these industries as the industry further develops. We currently face competition from new and established domestic and international competitors and expect to face competition from others in the future, including competition from companies with new technology.
The worldwide energy storage market is in its infancy, and we expect it will become more competitive in the future. We also expect more regulatory burden as customers adopt this new technology. There is no assurance that our energy storage systems will be successful in the respective markets in which they compete. A significant and growing number of established and new companies, as well as other companies, have entered or are reported to have plans to enter the energy storage market. Most of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, sales networks and other resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to the design, development, manufacturing, distribution, promotion, sale and support of their products. Increased competition could result in lower unit sales, price reductions, revenue shortfalls, loss of customers and loss of market share, which could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. The energy storage industry is highly competitive.
We face competition from other manufacturers, developers and installers of energy storage systems, as well as from large utilities. Decreases in the retail prices of electricity from utilities or other renewable energy sources could make our products less attractive to customers. Reduction in various federal and state rebate and incentive programs could also adversely affect product adoption.
Our products and services are subject to substantial regulations, which are evolving, and unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with these regulations could substantially harm our business and operating results.
As a manufacturer of energy storage systems, we are impacted by federal, state and local regulations and policies concerning electricity pricing, the interconnection of electricity generation and storage equipment with the electric grid, and the sale of electricity generated by third-party owned systems. For example, existing or proposed regulations and policies would permit utilities to limit the amount of electricity generated by our customers with their solar energy systems, adjust electricity rate designs such that the price of our products may not be competitive with that of electricity from the grid, restrict us and our customers qualifying for government incentives and benefits that apply to renewable energy, and limit or eliminate net energy metering. If such regulations and policies remain in effect or are adopted in other jurisdictions, or if other regulations and policies that adversely impact the interconnection or use of our energy storage systems are introduced, they could deter potential customers from purchasing our energy storage products, which could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
In particular, the California Public Energy Commission (“CPUC”) passed Net Energy Metering 3 (“NEM3”) in November 2022 with a phase in date of April 14, 2023. NEM3 significantly reduces the value to “excess” solar that a customer sends to the Utility during the day. Under NEM2, customer typically achieved a pay back period of 5-6 years. Under NEM3, solar pay back is 10-12 years depending on the Utility. As a result, most solar installers focused on installing as much solar as possible prior to the April 14, 2023 deadline. This resulted in a delay of battery and ESS installations since adding these capabilities do not affect NEM status. The full impact of NEM3 to both the solar and ESS industry will not be known for several months.
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of third-party computer system failures, cyber-attacks on third-party systems or deficiency in our cyber security.
We rely on information technology (“IT”) systems, including third-party “cloud based” service providers, to keep financial records, maintain product support data, and corporate records, to communicate with staff and external parties and to operate other critical functions. This includes critical systems such as email, other communication tools, electronic document repositories and archives. If any of these third-party information technology providers are compromised due to computer viruses, unauthorized access, malware, natural disasters, fire, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures, electrical failures, cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over the internet, then sensitive emails or documents could be exposed or deleted. Similarly, we could incur business disruption if our access to the internet is compromised, and we are unable to connect with third-party IT providers. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and delay of our product development and support efforts.
We may need to assert intellectual property-related claims or defend ourselves against intellectual property infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and could cause us to incur substantial costs.
Others, including our competitors, may hold or obtain patents, copyrights, trademarks or other proprietary rights that could prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use, develop, sell or market our products and services, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. From time to time, the holders of such intellectual property rights may assert their rights and urge us to take licenses, and/or may bring suits alleging infringement or misappropriation of such rights. We may consider the entering into licensing agreements with respect to such rights, although no assurance can be given that such licenses can be obtained on acceptable terms or that litigation will not occur, and such licenses could significantly increase our operating expenses. In addition, if we are determined to have infringed upon a third party’s intellectual property rights, we may be required to cease making, selling or incorporating certain components or intellectual property into the goods and services we offer, to pay substantial damages and/or license royalties, to redesign our products and services, and/or to establish and maintain alternative branding for our products and services. In the event that we were required to take one or more such actions, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs, negative publicity and diversion of resources and management attention.
In August 2021, we entered into an exclusive long term supply agreement with our Asian supplier pertaining to our inverter component. This agreement contains provisions that address the ownership and use of intellectual property rights. While we are unaware of any present dispute concerning this agreement or our other agreements that concern ownership of or use of intellectual property rights, future disputes may arise concerning this or other agreements we have entered into that concern ownership of or use of intellectual property rights.
Our business could be negatively impacted if we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights.
We consider our intellectual property rights to be important assets, and seek to protect them through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as licensing and confidentiality agreements. These protections may not be adequate to prevent third parties from using our intellectual property without our authorization, breaching any confidentiality agreements with us, copying or reverse engineering our products, or developing and marketing products that are substantially equivalent to or superior to our own. The unauthorized use of our intellectual property by others could reduce our competitive advantage and harm our business. Not only are intellectual property-related proceedings burdensome and costly, but they could span years to resolve and we might not ultimately prevail. We cannot guarantee that any patents, issued or pending, will provide us with any competitive advantage or will not be challenged by third parties. Moreover, the expiration of our patents may lead to increased competition with respect to certain products.
Potential tariffs or a global trade war have increased our costs and could further increase the cost of our products, which could adversely impact the competitiveness of our products and our financial results.
In 2019, the Trump Administration announced tariffs on goods imported from China in connection with China’s intellectual property practices. Our products depend on materials from China, namely inverters and batteries, which are the main components of our products. Traditionally, the tariff rate for our imports has been 3.4%. Presently, our tariff rate is 10.9% on these imports. To date, the Biden Administration has made no significant changes to these Chinese tariffs.
We cannot predict what actions may ultimately be taken with respect to tariffs or trade relations between the United States and China, what products may be subject to such actions, or what actions may be taken by the China in retaliation. The tariffs described above, the adoption and expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action related to tariffs, trade agreements or related policies have the potential to adversely impact our supply chain and access to equipment, our costs and our product margins. Any such cost increases or decreases in availability could slow our growth and cause our financial results and operational metrics to suffer.
Our industry is subject to technological change, and our failure to continue developing new and improved products and to bring these products rapidly to market could have an adverse impact on our business.
New products, or refinements and improvements to our existing products, may have technical failures, delayed introductions, higher than expected production costs or may not be well accepted by our customers. If we are not able to anticipate, identify, develop and market high quality products in line with technological advancements that respond to changes in customer preferences, demand for our products could decline and our operating results could be adversely affected.
Public company compliance may make it more difficult to attract and retain officers and directors.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules subsequently implemented by the SEC have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. As a recent Nasdaq listed public company, we expect these rules and regulations to increase our compliance costs and to make certain activities more time consuming and costly. As a public company, we also expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance in the future and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board of Directors or as executive officers.
Confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties may not prevent unauthorized disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information, and our inability to maintain the confidentiality of that information, due to unauthorized disclosure or use, or other event, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
In addition to the protection afforded by patents, we seek to rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that is not patentable or that we elect not to patent, processes for which patents are difficult to enforce, and any other elements of our product discovery and development processes that involve proprietary know-how, information, or technology that is not covered by patents. Trade secrets, however, may be difficult to protect. We seek to protect our proprietary processes, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, advisors, contractors and collaborators. Although we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, advisors, contractors, and collaborators might intentionally or inadvertently disclose our trade secret information to competitors. In addition, competitors may otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. Furthermore, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. If we are unable to prevent unauthorized material disclosure of our intellectual property to third parties, or misappropriation of our intellectual property by third parties, we will not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in our market, which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
We are heavily reliant on Brent Willson, our Chief Executive Officer and President, and the departure or loss of Brent Willson could disrupt our business.
We depend heavily on the continued efforts of Brent Willson, our Chief Executive Officer and President and a director. Mr. Willson, who is also a director, is the founder of NeoVolta and is essential to our strategic vision and day-to-day operations and would be difficult to replace. The departure or loss of Mr. Willson, or the inability to timely hire and retain a qualified replacement, could negatively impact our ability to manage our business.
If we are unable to recruit and retain key management, technical and sales personnel, our business would be negatively affected.
For our business to be successful, we need to attract and retain highly qualified technical, management and sales personnel. The failure to recruit additional key personnel when needed with specific qualifications and on acceptable terms or to retain good relationships with our partners might impede our ability to continue to develop, commercialize and sell our products. To the extent the demand for skilled personnel exceeds supply, we could experience higher labor, recruiting and training costs in order to attract and retain such employees. We face competition for qualified personnel from other companies with significantly more resources available to them and thus may not be able to attract the level of personnel needed for our business to succeed.
Risks Related to Our Securities
Our executive officers and directors will exercise significant control over us for the foreseeable future, which will limit our shareholders ability to influence corporate matters and could delay or prevent a change in corporate control.
Our executive officers and directors currently hold or have the right to acquire, in the aggregate, up to approximately 15.0 % of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders will be able to influence our management and affairs and heavily influence the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any sale, merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets.
These stockholders may have interests, with respect to their common stock, that are different from our other stockholders and the concentration of voting power among one or more of these stockholders may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
In addition, this concentration of ownership might adversely affect the market price of our common stock by: (1) delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of our company; (2) impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving our company; or (3) discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
Future sales of shares by existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.
If our existing stockholders, who acquired their shares of common stock at prices substantially below our current trading price, sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the contractual lock-up agreements such stockholders entered into in connection with our July 2022 offering expire and other restrictions on resale lapse, the trading price of our common stock could be adversely impacted.
Certain of our stockholders holding an aggregate of 13,907,867 shares at the time of our July 2022 public offering and our officers and directors, agreed not to offer, sell, dispose of or hedge such shares of our common stock through January 23, 2023. Upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements, all such shares became eligible for resale in the public market, subject to applicable securities laws, including the Securities Act. Upon ability to sell shares pursuant to Rule 144, the trading price of our common stock could be adversely impacted if these stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market.
Nevada law and provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws could make a takeover proposal more difficult.
We are a Nevada corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our articles of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in our management or control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws:
· authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to thwart a takeover attempt;
· place restrictive requirements (including advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals) on how special meetings of stockholders may be called by our stockholders; do not provide stockholders with the ability to cumulate their votes; and
· provide that our board of directors may amend our bylaws.
Additionally, our authorized capital includes preferred stock issuable in one or more series. Our board has the authority to issue preferred stock and determine the price, designation, rights, preferences, privileges, restrictions and conditions, including voting and dividend rights, of those shares without any further vote or action by stockholders. The rights of the holders of common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of additional preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible financings and acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of the voting power of our outstanding voting securities, which could deprive our holders of common stock of a premium that they might otherwise realize in connection with a proposed acquisition of our company.
As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.
As an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. We are an emerging growth company until the earliest of:
· the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more;
· the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering;
· the date on which we have, during the previous 3-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or
· the date on which we are deemed a “large accelerated issuer” as defined under the federal securities laws.
For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
· have an auditor report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
· comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis);
· submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholders advisory votes pursuant to the “say on frequency” and “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010; and
· include detailed compensation discussion and analysis in our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and instead may provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation.
For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we:
· may present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A; and
· are eligible to claim longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act.
We intend to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions.
Certain of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions were already available to us due to the fact that we also qualify as a “smaller reporting company” under SEC rules. For instance, smaller reporting companies are not required to obtain an auditor attestation and report regarding management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting; are not required to provide a compensation discussion and analysis; are not required to provide a pay-for-performance graph or CEO pay ratio disclosure; and may present only two years of audited financial statements and related MD&A disclosure.
We cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive due to our reliance on these exemptions. If investors were to find our common stock less attractive as a result of our election, we may have difficulty raising additional capital.
Our shareholders may experience dilution of their ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our common or preferred stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our common or preferred stock.
We are authorized to issue an aggregate of 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock. In the future, we may issue our authorized but previously unissued equity securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our present stockholders.
We intend to seek to raise additional funds, finance acquisitions or develop strategic relationships by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, which would reduce the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders. Our board of directors has the authority, without action or vote of the stockholders, to issue all or any part of our authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock. Our articles of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Future issuances of common or preferred stock would reduce our stockholders influence over matters on which stockholders vote and would be dilutive to earnings per share. In addition, any newly issued preferred stock could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the common stock. Those rights, preferences and privileges could include, among other things, the establishment of dividends that must be paid prior to declaring or paying dividends or other distributions to holders of our common stock or providing for preferential liquidation rights. These rights, preferences and privileges could negatively affect the rights of holders of our common stock, and the right to convert such preferred stock into shares of our common stock at a rate or price that would have a dilutive effect on the outstanding shares of our common stock.
We do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock, and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.
Cash dividends have never been declared or paid on our common stock, and we do not anticipate such a declaration or payment for the foreseeable future. We expect to use future earnings, if any, to fund business growth. Therefore, stockholders will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares of common stock. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates. We cannot assure stockholders of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares, nor can we assure that stockholders will not lose the entire amount of their investment.
The Warrants we issued in our July 2022 offering are speculative in nature, and the trading market for our Warrants are volatile, sporadic and limited.
The Warrants we issued in our July 2022 offering do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of our common stock at a fixed price for a limited period of time. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the Warrants may exercise their right to acquire the common stock and pay an exercise price of $4.00 per share, up to five years from the date of issuance, after which date any unexercised Warrants will expire and have no further value. In addition, the trading market for the Warrants is volatile, sporadic and limited.
Holders of the Warrants we issued in our July 2022 offering will have no rights as a common stockholder until they acquire our common stock.
Until holders of the Warrants we issued in our July 2022 offering acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the Warrants, the holders will have no rights with respect to shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. Upon exercise of the Warrants, the holder will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder as to the security exercised only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise.
Although our securities became listed on Nasdaq in August 2022, there can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq, a failure of which could result in a de-listing of our common stock.
The Nasdaq Capital Market requires that the trading price of its listed stocks remain above one dollar in order for the stock to remain listed. If a listed stock trades below one dollar for more than 30 consecutive trading days, then it is subject to delisting from Nasdaq. In addition, to maintain a listing on Nasdaq, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including those regarding director independence and independent committee requirements, minimum stockholders’ equity, and certain corporate governance requirements. Additionally, we may become subject to an evolving set of compliance regulations pertaining to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters as well as cybersecurity standards that are promulgated by Nasdaq or other regulatory bodies. If we are able to maintain the listing of our securities on Nasdaq, we may be unable to satisfy these requirements or standards and we could subject our securities to delisting, which would have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair our security holders’ ability to sell or purchase our common stock or Warrants when they wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we would expect to take actions to restore our compliance with the listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken by us would allow our securities to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our securities, prevent our securities from dropping below the minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with the listing requirements.
The price of our common stock and Warrants may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock and Warrants is highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
· changes in our industry;
· competitive pricing pressures;
· our ability to obtain working capital financing;
· additions or departures of key personnel;
· conversions from preferred stock to common stock;
· sales of our common and preferred stock;
· our ability to execute our business plan;
· operating results that fall below expectations;
· loss of any strategic relationship;
· regulatory developments; and
· economic and other external factors.
In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock and Warrants.
Negative research about our business published by analysts or journalists could cause our stock price to decline. A lack of regularly published research about our business could cause trading volume or our stock price to decline.
The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that analysts and journalists publish about us or our business. If analysts or journalists publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If we fail to meet the expectations of analysts for our operating results, or if the analysts who covers us downgrade our stock, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.
Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.
Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that eliminate, to the maximum extent permitted by the corporation law of the State of Nevada, the personal liability of our directors and executive officers for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as a director or officer. Our articles of incorporation and bylaws also provide that we will indemnify our directors and executive officers and may indemnify our employees and other agents to the fullest extent permitted by the corporation law of the State of Nevada. Any claims for indemnification made by our directors or officers could impact our cash resources and our ability to fund the business.
Shareholder activism could cause material disruption to our business.
Publicly traded companies have increasingly become subject to campaigns by activist investors advocating corporate actions such as actions related to environment, social and governance (ESG) matters, among other issues. Responding to proxy contests and other actions by such activist investors or others in the future could be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations and divert the attention of our Board of Directors and senior management from the pursuit of our business strategies, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Commencing January 2021, we moved into a new dedicated headquarters and manufacturing facility in Poway, California, just north of San Diego. This state-of-the-art, energy-efficient facility has ample square footage, shipping and receiving space, and office spaces to support the company’s growth by providing double the production capability and increases shipping efficiency from that of our previous facility. We believe this facility will accommodate our growth for at least three years. The facility was secured under a sublease agreement with our former contract manufacturer. Under the terms of the sublease agreement, we are currently required to make rental payments of $10,750 per month, including our share of operating expenses. We entered into the sublease agreement with our former contract manufacturer, effective January 1, 2021, for an initial term of 12 months. The sublease is renewable for additional terms of 12 months upon mutual agreement of both parties, provided thirty days’ notice is given for each subsequent term, at a modest increase in the monthly rent, through February 28, 2025. However, we are under no obligation to renew it.
We do not own any real property.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are currently not a party to any pending legal proceeding, nor is our property the subject of a pending legal proceeding, that we believe is not ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business or otherwise material to the financial condition of our business.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Since July 28, 2022, our common stock and Warrants have been listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “NEOV” and “NEOVW,” respectively. From October 2019 to July 27, 2022, our common stock was quoted on the OTCQB Marketplace (the “OTCQB”) under the symbol “NEOV.”
Holders
As of September 22, 2023, there were approximately 28 holders of record of our common stock. The number of record holders does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of banks, brokers, nominees or other fiduciaries.
Dividends
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain all future earnings for use in our business. Consequently, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends in the future will depend upon our results of operations, as well as our short term and long-term cash availability, working capital, working capital needs, and other factors as determined by our Board of Directors.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
In the three months ended March 31, 2023, we also issued a total of 9,759 shares of common stock to two of our independent installers as payment for reaching certain volume thresholds pursuant to their distribution agreements. The securities were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the year ended June 30, 2023.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. Certain statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations and involve various risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. We encourage you to review the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” sections in this report.
Overview
We are a designer, manufacturer, and seller of high-end Energy Storage Systems (or ESS), primarily our NeoVolta NV14, NV14-K, and NV 24, which can store and use energy via batteries and an inverter at residential or commercial sites. We were founded to identify new ways to leverage emerging technologies with the dynamic changes that are taking place in the energy delivery space. We primarily market and sell our products directly to our certified solar installers and solar equipment distributors. We are also pursuing agreements with residential developers, commercial developers, and other commercial opportunities. Because we are purely dedicated to energy solar systems, virtually all of our current resources and efforts go into further developing our flagship NV14, NV14-K, and NV 24 products, while focusing on specific industry needs for our next generation of products. We believe we are unique in the marketplace due to our low cost, our innovative battery chemistry, our product versatility and our commitment to installer service. Because of these factors, we believe NeoVolta is uniquely equipped to establish itself as a major player in the energy storage market.
In May 2019, we completed a public offering of shares of our common stock pursuant to Regulation A of the Securities Act (the “IPO”). The IPO was for a total of 3,500,000 shares of our common stock at an offering price of $1.00 per share. We used the proceeds of the IPO to ramp up production, marketing, and sales of our NV14 product line. In that regard, we have used the proceeds from the offering to fund the marketing, production and distribution of our products, which commenced in July 2019 through a group of wholesale customers in California, as well as to provide additional working capital for other corporate purposes. We have expanded to include one wholesale distribution customer in Nevada.
As further discussed below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” we completed an underwritten public offering of our equity securities in the form of Units in August 2022. We sold a total of 1,121,250 Units in the offering at an offering price to the public of $4.00 per Unit. The gross proceeds of the offering were $4,485,000 and the net proceeds, after deduction of underwriting discounts and other offering costs, were approximately $3,780,000. We are using the proceeds of this public offering to increase our current production capacity, expand our product portfolio, enlarge our product marketing and sales efforts, and for other general corporate purposes.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Revenues - Revenues from contracts with customers for the year ended June 30, 2023 were $3,455,813 compared to $4,473,514 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such decrease was primarily due to the pendency of the April 2023 effective date of new utility regulations in the State of California that we believe caused an economic disincentive for residential utility customers to acquire our energy storage systems prior to the effective date of those regulations (see “Item 1. Business - Regulatory Environment” for a discussion of the new utility regulations).
Cost of Goods Sold - Cost of goods sold for the year ended June 30, 2023 were $2,767,818 compared to $3,806,381 for the year ended June 30, 2022. The cost of goods sold in both periods reflected the cost of procuring and assembling the component parts of the energy storage systems that were sold in each fiscal year and resulted in gross profits on such sales of approximately 20% and 15%, respectively, with such increase largely being due to transitional factors related to the recent assumption of manufacturing operations from our contract operator which are not expected to be recurring in the future.
General and Administrative Expense - General and administrative expenses for the year ended June 30, 2023 were $3,293,758 compared to $6,353,920 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such decrease was primarily due to the reduction in the expense recorded for the fair value of incentive shares of common stock earned by our executive officers under their new employment contracts, effective in March 2022.
Research and Development Expense - Research and development expenses for year ended June 30, 2023 were $29,936 compared to $68,503 for year ended June 30, 2022. Such fluctuation was due to a modest decrease in the level of our product development efforts.
Interest Expense - Interest expense for the year ended June 30, 2023 was $4,134 compared to $49,544 for the year ended June 30, 2022. This decrease resulted from the conversion of our 2018 and 2021 convertible notes in conjunction with the closing of our public equity offering in August 2022.
Net Loss - Net loss for the year ended June 30, 2023 was $2,639,833 compared to $5,804,834 for the year ended June 30, 2022, representing the aggregate of the various revenue and expense categories indicated above. We have not recognized any income tax benefit for these net losses due to the uncertainty of our ultimate realization.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities in the year ended June 30, 2023 was $2,108,001, compared to $1,163,296 in the year ended June 30, 2022, reflecting a significant increase in net working capital requirements for operations of approximately $800,000 in the current fiscal year period.
Financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended June 30, 2023 was $3,780,405, compared to $1,068,000 in the year ended June 30, 2022. As further discussed below, our net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended June 30, 2023 was entirely attributable to the successful completion of an underwritten public offering of our equity securities in early August 2022. Our net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended June 30, 2022 resulted from the issuance of our convertible notes payable to a group of accredited investors in October 2021 in the amount of $1,068,000. Such notes were ultimately converted into common stock in conjunction with the closing of our public offering in August 2022.
We completed an underwritten public offering of our equity securities in the form of Units in early August 2022. Each Unit consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share. We sold a total of 1,121,250 Units in the offering at an offering price to the public of $4.00 per Unit. The gross proceeds of the offering, including the underwriters’ exercise of the overallotment option, were $4,485,000 and the net proceeds, after deduction of underwriting discounts and other offering costs, were approximately $3,780,000.
In conjunction with the public offering, all holders of our 2018 convertible notes in the total amount of $59,251, including accrued interest, converted their debt into a total of 9,404,867 shares of common stock at the stated conversion rate, and all holders of our 2021 convertible notes in the total amount of $1,120,035, including accrued interest, converted their debt into a total of 267,000 shares of common stock at the stated conversion rate. As a result of the simultaneous conversion of both sets of convertible notes, we fully eliminated our convertible debt.
As of June 30, 2023, we had a cash balance of $2.0 million and net working capital of approximately $6.5 million. Currently, we are not generating a break-even level of net operating cash flow from our net sales. However, we anticipate that demand for our products will ultimately increase over time and that we will have sufficient cash to operate for at least the next 12 months.
Recent Assembly Inventory Purchase
In April 2023, we closed the bulk purchase of raw materials inventory from our contract manufacturer by making a cash payment to that company in the net amount of approximately $1.3 million. This transaction was completed pursuant to an amendment of our Master Supply Agreement with our contract manufacturer. In addition to the purchase of the raw materials inventory from our contract manufacturer, this amendment provided for the eventual assumption by us of full responsibility from our contract manufacturer for the manufacturing of our proprietary Energy Storage Systems (“ESS”) units. Pursuant to the amendment, we assumed such responsibility for the manufacturing process surrounding our ESS units from our contract manufacturer on June 1, 2023. In conjunction with assuming this responsibility, we hired the two employees of our contract manufacturer who previously performed contract manufacturing services for us.
We plan to hire three additional “assemblers” in the second half of 2023. All of our manufacturing certifications are listed under NeoVolta. This amended agreement had no effect on our present Sublease Agreement with our contract manufacturer, pertaining to our existing manufacturing location in Poway, CA (see “Item 2 - Properties”).
Other Developments
As a result of the continued spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus since early 2020, economic uncertainties have arisen which could impact business operations, supply chains, energy demand, and commodity prices that are beyond our control. In early 2022, we experienced some negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sales of our assembled energy storage systems, primarily through a group of wholesale dealers and installers located in California. We continue to monitor COVID-19, but do not believe it will have a material unfavorable impact to our future financial performance at this time.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303 of Regulation S-K.
Critical Accounting Policies
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our limited historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe that certain accounting policies, particularly those related to the recognition of revenues arising from the sales of our ESS products to customers of our business, affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. With regard to revenue recognition, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which was adopted on July 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method, with no impact to the Company’s comparative financial statements. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods or services. Revenue is recognized based on the following five step model:
· Identification of the contact with a customer
· Identification of the performance obligations in the contract
· Determination of the transaction price
· Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
· Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation
See “Note 1. Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to our financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, set forth below under, “Index to Financial Statements”, for a further description of our critical accounting policies and estimates.
Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. We are using the extended transition period for any other new or revised accounting standards during the period in which we remain an emerging growth company.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of our first fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our August 2022 offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenues of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the prior June 30th and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.
We are also a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million and our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide information required under this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
NeoVolta Inc.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 206)
Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022
Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Notes to the Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
NeoVolta, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of NeoVolta, Inc. (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ MaloneBailey, LLP
www.malonebailey.com
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.
Houston, Texas
September 22, 2023
NEOVOLTA INC.
Balance Sheets
June 30,
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,002,789 $ 330,385
Accounts receivable, net 1,826,385 1,317,738
Inventory 2,580,571 2,238,208
Prepaid insurance and other current assets 96,119 239,001
Total current assets 6,505,864 4,125,332
Total assets $ 6,505,864 $ 4,125,332
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ - $ 205,600
Accrued interest payable - 53,436
Other accrued liabilities 39,491 127,356
Convertible notes payable - 1,068,000
Total current liabilities 39,491 1,454,392
Convertible notes payable - 53,716
Total liabilities 39,491 1,508,108
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5) - -
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 33,155,127 and 21,977,251 shares issued and outstanding 33,155 21,978
Additional paid-in capital 24,872,446 18,394,641
Accumulated deficit (18,439,228 ) (15,799,395 )
Total stockholders' equity 6,466,373 2,617,224
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 6,505,864 $ 4,125,332
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
NEOVOLTA INC.
Statements of Operations
Year Ended June 30,
Revenues from contracts with customers $ 3,455,813 $ 4,473,514
Cost of goods sold 2,767,818 3,806,381
Gross profit 687,995 667,133
Operating expenses:
General and administrative 3,293,758 6,353,920
Research and development 29,936 68,503
Total operating expenses 3,323,694 6,422,423
Loss from operations (2,635,699 ) (5,755,290 )
Other expense:
Interest expense (4,134 ) (49,544 )
Total other expense (4,134 ) (49,544 )
Net loss $ (2,639,833 ) $ (5,804,834 )
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted 32,025,620 20,554,985
Net loss per share - basic and diluted $ (0.08 ) $ (0.28 )
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
NEOVOLTA INC.
Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Additional
Total
Common Stock Paid-in Accumulated Stockholders'
Shares Amount Capital Deficit Equity
Balance at June 30, 2021 19,640,888 $ 19,641 $ 13,169,363 $ (10,040,370 ) $ 3,148,634
Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt and accrued interest 1,098,630 1,099 5,823 - 6,922
Stock compensation expense 1,237,733 1,238 5,306,571 - 5,307,809
Adjustment for change in accounting principle - - (87,116 ) 45,809 (41,307 )
Net loss - - - (5,804,834 ) (5,804,834 )
Balance at June 30, 2022 21,977,251 21,978 18,394,641 (15,799,395 ) 2,617,224
Issuance of common stock in underwritten public offering 1,121,250 1,121 3,779,284 - 3,780,405
Issuance of common stock for conversion of debt and accrued interest 9,671,867 9,672 1,169,614 - 1,179,286
Stock compensation expense 384,759 1,528,907 - 1,529,291
Net loss - - - (2,639,833 ) (2,639,833 )
Balance at June 30, 2023 33,155,127 $ 33,155 $ 24,872,446 $ (18,439,228 ) $ 6,466,373
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
NEOVOLTA INC.
Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended June 30,
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (2,639,833 ) $ (5,804,834 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operations:
Stock compensation expense 1,529,291 5,307,809
Bad debt expense 490,000 -
Changes in current assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable (998,647 ) (189,294 )
Inventory (342,363 ) (576,068 )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 142,882 (193,075 )
Accounts payable - others (205,600 ) 152,090
Accrued expenses (83,731 ) 140,076
Net cash flows used in operating activities (2,108,001 ) (1,163,296 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Underwritten public offering of common stock 3,780,405 -
Proceeds from convertible notes payable - 1,068,000
Net cash flows from financing activities 3,780,405 1,068,000
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1,672,404 (95,296 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 330,385 425,681
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 2,002,789 $ 330,385
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ - $ -
Cash paid for income taxes $ - $ -
Supplemental non-cash financing activities:
Convertible notes payable and accrued interest converted to common stock $ 1,179,286 $ 6,922
Adjustment of debt discount related to adoption of new accounting principle $ - $ 87,116
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
NEOVOLTA INC.
Notes to Financial Statements
June 30, 2023
(1) Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business - NeoVolta Inc. (“we”, “our” or the “Company”) is a Nevada corporation, which was formed on March 5, 2018. The Company is a designer, seller and manufacturer of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) which can store and use energy via batteries and an inverter at residential sites. The Company sells its proprietary ESS units through wholesale customers, primarily in California, and in an expanding number of other states. In August 2022, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of its equity securities resulting in its common stock and warrants becoming listed on a national exchange (see Note 3).
Basis of Presentation - The accompanying financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Cash and Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all highly liquid accounts with original maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Periodically, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. At June 30, 2023, the Company maintained accounts at two different banks, of which the balance at the first bank was within the FDIC insurance limit while the balance at the second bank was in excess of the FDIC insurance limit by $1,408,060.
Inventory - Inventory consists of batteries and inverters purchased from Asian suppliers and delivered to a location near the Company’s offices, for assembly into ESS units. Additionally, we closed a bulk purchase of raw materials consisting of assembly parts from our former contract manufacturer in April 2023, for a gross amount of $1.4 million. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, cost being determined using the first-in, first out (FIFO) method. The Company periodically reviews the value of items in inventory and records an allowance to reduce the carrying value of inventory to the lower of cost or net realizable value based on its assessment of market conditions, inventory turnover and current stock levels. Inventory write-downs are charged to cost of goods sold. No inventory reserve was required as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. The following table presents the components of inventory as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Schedule of inventory
June 30,
Raw materials, consisting of assembly parts, batteries and inverters $ 2,353,055 $ 1,844,049
Work in process - 22,768
Finished goods 227,516 371,391
Total $ 2,580,571 $ 2,238,208
Revenue Recognition - The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods or services. Revenue is recognized based on the following five step model:
· Identification of the contact with a customer
· Identification of the performance obligations in the contract
· Determination of the transaction price
· Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
· Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation
The Company generates revenues from contracts with customers, consisting of a relatively small number of wholesale dealers and installers, primarily in California. In the year ended June 30, 2023, three such dealers represented approximately 25%, 15% and 13% of the Company’s revenues, however, no other dealers accounted for more than 10% of the revenues in such period. Those same three dealers plus one other one represented an aggregate of approximately 94% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of June 30, 2023 (net of allowance), however, no other dealers accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable as of June 30, 2023. In the year ended June 30, 2022, two such dealers represented approximately 20% each of the Company’s revenues. Under its present contracts with customers, the Company’s sole performance obligation is the delivery of products to the customer. Since all of the Company’s revenue is currently generated from the sales of similar products delivered to customers in domestic locations, no further disaggregation of revenue information for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is provided.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts - The Company recognizes an allowance for doubtful accounts whenever a loss is expected to be incurred in the realization of a customer’s account. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $490,000 and zero, respectively.
Income Taxes - The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of reported assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company must then assess the likelihood that the resulting deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740-10 which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, on its tax return. The Company evaluates and records any uncertain tax positions based on the amount that management deems is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination and ultimate settlement with the tax authorities in the tax jurisdictions in which it operates.
Stock Compensation Expense - Employee and non-employee share-based payment compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period.
Loss Per Common Share - Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is determined using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. In periods when losses are reported, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding excludes common stock equivalents, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had total outstanding common stock equivalents of 1,229,750 shares as follows: (i) 1,121,250 shares related to warrants issued to investors in the public offering completed in August 2022; (ii) 58,500 shares related to warrants issued to the underwriters in that same offering; and (iii) 50,000 shares related to restricted stock units granted to an officer in March 2022 (see Note 3).
Research and Development Costs - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Use of Estimates - Management has made a number of estimates and assumptions in preparing these financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result of the continued spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus since early 2020, economic uncertainties have arisen which could impact business operations, supply chains, energy demand, and commodity prices that are beyond our control. Overall, we have not experienced a material adverse impact to our economic performance or ability to continue our business operations as a result of COVID-19. We continue to monitor COVID-19, but do not believe it will have a material unfavorable impact to our future financial performance at this time.
Related Parties - The Company accounts for related party transactions in accordance with ASC 850 (“Related Party Disclosures”). A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that it might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.
Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments - ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3 - Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. The carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and long-term debt. The carrying value of long-term debt approximates fair value since the related rate of interest approximates current market rates.
At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on the Company’s balance sheets on a recurring basis.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, (“FASB”), or other standard setting bodies and adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption. The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements, including the new provisions of ASC 326 (“Financial Instruments - Credit Losses”) pertaining to “current expected credit losses,” and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its financial statements.
Effective as of July 1, 2021, the Company early adopted the provisions of ASU 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity). As a result of the adoption of this new accounting principle, using the modified retrospective method, the Company no longer recognized a beneficial conversion feature associated with the issuance of any convertible debt. Accordingly, the Company adjusted the beneficial conversion feature associated with the convertible notes issued in 2018 as of July 1, 2021 by reversing the previously recorded cumulative amortization expense of $45,809 and the remaining unamortized balance of the debt discount of $41,307, with an offsetting adjustment to reduce additional paid-in capital, in the amount of $87,116 (see Note 2).
Liquidity - These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes the Company will continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. The continuation of the Company as a going concern has been dependent upon the ability of the Company to obtain necessary equity financing to continue operations and the attainment of profitable operations. As disclosed in Note 3, we completed a public offering of our equity securities in August 2022 that raised total net proceeds of approximately $3,780,000. We anticipate that we will have sufficient cash resources in order to operate our business for at least the next 12 months from the date these financial statements are issued.
(2) Notes Payable
In conjunction with the closing of our underwritten public offering in August 2022 (see Note 3), all holders of the Company’s two outstanding series of convertible notes payable, which were originally issued to various accredited investors in May 2018 and October 2021, agreed to convert their debt into a total of 9,671,867 shares of our common stock at the respective conversion rates. Each of these two series of our converted notes payable is further described below.
In May 2018, we entered into convertible note payable agreements with a group of accredited investors for aggregate proceeds of $104,688. Each unsecured note originally bore interest at a rate of 12% per annum, which was later reduced by mutual agreement to 3.99% per annum in May 2019. Subsequently, the holders of certain of these notes elected to convert or exchange certain portions of their convertible notes payable into shares of our common stock, based upon the stated conversion rate of $0.0063 per share. As of the closing of our underwritten public offering in August 2022, the holders of the remaining balance of such unconverted notes in the total amount of $59,251, including accrued interest, agreed to convert their debt into a total of 9,404,867 shares of our common stock at the stated conversion rate of $0.0063 per share.
In October 2021, we entered into convertible note payable agreements with a group of accredited investors for aggregate proceeds of $1,068,000. Each unsecured note bore interest at a rate of 6% per annum. As of the closing of our underwritten public offering in August 2022, pursuant to the terms of such convertible notes, the notes in the total amount of $1,120,035, including accrued interest, were automatically converted into a total of 267,000 shares of our common stock at the stated conversion rate of $4.00 of principal per share.
(3) Equity
Common Stock - In August 2022, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of its equity securities in the form of Units with each Unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant (each, a “Warrant” and collectively, the “Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share. The shares of common stock and the Warrants comprising the Units were immediately separated at closing of the offering and each is now independently listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. Each Warrant became exercisable on the date of issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.
In the underwritten public offering, a total of 1,121,250 Units, including exercise of the underwriter’s overallotment option, were sold at an offering price to the public of $4.00 per Unit. The gross proceeds of the offering were $4,485,000 and the net proceeds, after deduction of underwriting discounts and other offering costs were approximately $3,780,000. The Company also granted the underwriter non-tradeable warrants to purchase a total of 58,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.40 per share for a period of five years.
In conjunction with the public offering, all holders of the Company’s 2018 convertible notes in the total amount of $59,251, including accrued interest, converted their debt into a total of 9,404,867 shares of common stock at the stated conversion rate, and all holders of the Company’s 2021 convertible notes in the total amount of $1,068,000 converted their debt into a total of 267,000 shares of common stock at the stated conversion rate (see Note 2).
In the year ended June 30, 2022, the holders of the 2018 convertible notes payable having total principal and accrued interest balances in the aggregate amount of $6,922 elected to convert their notes. Based upon the stated conversion price of $0.0063 per share, these holders converted their notes payable into a total of 1,098,630 shares of common stock (see Note 2).
Warrants - The Warrants for a total of 1,179,750 shares of common stock issued to investors and the underwriters are exercisable at any time after their original issuance and at any time up to the date that is five years after their original issuance, or August 1, 2027. The Warrants may be exercised upon payment of the exercise price in cash on or prior to the expiration date. Under the terms of the Warrant Agreement, we must use our best efforts to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement and current prospectus relating to common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants until the expiration of the Warrants. If we fail to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement and current prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the holders of the Warrants shall have the right to exercise the Warrants solely via a cashless exercise feature provided for in the Warrants, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus.
The following table presents activity with respect to the Company’s warrants for the year ended June 30, 2023:
Schedule of warrants activity
Number Wtd. Avg. Wtd. Avg. Aggregate
of Exercise Remaining Intrinsic
Shares Price Term (Yrs.) Value
Outstanding at July 1, 2022 - $ -
Warrants issued to Public Investors 1,121,250 4.00
Warrants issued to Underwriters 58,500 4.40
Outstanding at June 30, 2023 1,179,750 $ 4.02 4.1 $ -
Exercisable at June 30, 2023 1,179,750 $ 4.02 4.1 $ -
These warrants were issued in conjunction with an underwritten public equity offering, therefore, there was no employee or non-employee compensation expense recognized.
Stock Compensation Expense - In February 2022, we entered into a new employment agreement with our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), effective April 1, 2022. The initial term of the employment agreement was one year and is automatically renewable for additional one-year terms unless either party chooses not to renew the agreement. The agreement provides for an initial annual salary of $165,000. Pursuant to the agreement, we issued our CEO a restricted stock unit (“RSU”) award for up to 150,000 shares of our common stock upon achieving the following milestones (which achievements shall be determined by the Board): (i) Milestone 1 - Successfully complete an uplisting of our common stock in 2022 and continue his employment with our company until January 1, 2023: 50,000 shares; and (ii) Milestone 2 - Produce 2,000 ESSs in 2022 and continue his employment with our company until January 1, 2023: 100,000 shares. As of January 1, 2023, Milestone 1 was achieved, however, Milestone 2 was not achieved. The underlying 50,000 shares of common stock earned under Milestone 1 were issued to the CEO as of that date.
In February 2022, we entered into a new employment agreement with our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), effective March 1, 2022. The initial term of the employment agreement is one year and is automatically renewable for additional one-year terms unless either party chooses not to renew the agreement. The agreement provides for an initial annual salary of $125,000. Pursuant to the agreement, we issued our CFO an RSU award for up to 300,000 shares of our common stock upon achieving the following milestones (which achievements shall be determined by the Board): (i) Milestone 1 - Successfully complete an uplisting of our common stock in 2022 and continue his employment with our company until January 1, 2023: 250,000 shares; and (ii) Milestone 2 - successfully complete and file the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023 no later than September 29, 2023 and continue his employment with our company until January 1, 2024: 50,000 shares. Milestone 1 was achieved as of January 1, 2023, and the underlying 250,000 shares of common stock earned under Milestone 1 were issued to the CFO as of that date.
Based upon the Company’s assessment of the probability of the CEO and CFO ultimately achieving each milestone specified under the RSU awards indicated above, the Company has calculated the grant date value of such awards and is amortizing it as stock compensation expense over the underlying performance periods. The Company has recognized stock compensation expense applicable to such RSU awards in the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 in the amounts of $1,241,563 and $773,255, respectively.
In conjunction with our public offering in August 2022, we appointed two new independent directors and adopted a new compensation plan for all independent directors based on an annual compensation amount of $65,000 to be paid quarterly with not less than 70% of such amount paid in shares of our common stock, calculated based on the share price at the end of such prior fiscal quarter, and up to 30% paid in cash, with such final amounts to be determined by each director. As of June 30, 2023, we booked an annual accrual of $195,000 of compensation expense (of which $175,500 will be settled through the issuance of shares) for our three independent directors under this plan. At the same time, we also granted 26,000 shares, with a grant date value of $97,500, to various advisors pursuant to annual contracts for their services.
In the year ended June 30, 2023, we recognized total non-cash stock compensation expense of $1,529,291 as follows: (i) $1,241,563 for the amortized value of the RSUs granted to our two executive officers, as previously described; (ii) $175,500 for the amortized value of the portion of the new compensation plan for our independent directors that is attributable to stock; (iii) $85,000 for the net amortized value of the shares granted to various advisors under their annual service contracts; and (iv) $27,228 for the fair value of incentive shares earned by two wholesale dealers as of December 31, 2022 (see Note 5). There was a total of 384,759 shares of common stock that were issued to various grantees, including our two executive officers, in the year ended June 30, 2023, of which 75,000 shares were previously expensed in the year ended June 30, 2022.
In the year ended June 30, 2022, we recognized total non-cash stock compensation expense of $5,307,809 as follows: (i) $3,505,000 for the fair value of 500,000 incentive shares earned as of December 31, 2021 by a company controlled by the Company’s CEO under a previous compensation plan (which were not issued until early 2022); (ii) $773,255 for the initial amortized value of the RSUs granted to our two executive officers, as previously described; and (iii) $1,029,554 for the fair value of earned shares issued to several other grantees, including $278,750 for the amortized value of 50,000 shares attributable to a new independent director and $60,062 for 8,568 incentive shares earned by a wholesale dealer as of December 31, 2021 (see Note 5). There was a total of 1,237,733 shares of common stock that were issued to various grantees in the year ended June 30, 2022.
Other Matters - In February 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the establishment of a new 2019 Stock Option Plan with an authorization for the issuance of up to 2,500,000 shares of common stock. The Plan is designed to provide for future discretionary grants of stock options, stock awards and stock unit awards to key employees and non-employee directors. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has made awards totaling 450,000 shares for the RSU’s granted to two executives, as noted above, under the Plan.
(4) Income Taxes
The Company is subject to United States federal income taxes at an approximate rate of 21%. The reconciliation of the provision for income taxes at the federal statutory rate, compared to the Company’s income tax expense as reported, is as follows (rounded to nearest $00):
Schedule of income tax expense
Year Ended June 30,
Income tax benefit computed at statutory rate $ 233,200 $ 104,400
Change in valuation allowance (233,200 ) (104,400 )
Provision for income taxes $ - $ -
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets at the currently enacted corporate income tax rate are as follows (rounded to nearest $00):
Schedule of deferred taxes
June 30, 2023 June 30, 2022
Deferred income tax assets:
Net operating losses $ 647,800 $ 414,600
Valuation allowance (647,800 ) (414,600 )
Net deferred income tax assets $ - $ -
The Company has a cumulative tax operating loss carry forward as of June 30, 2023 of approximately $3,085,000, with an indefinite expiration period.
(5) Commitments and Contingencies
Effective January 1, 2021, the Company secured new corporate and manufacturing office space under a sublease agreement with its former contract manufacturer (see Note 6). Under the terms of the sublease agreement, the Company is required to make rental payments of $10,350 per month during the initial one-year term of the agreement. The sublease is renewable for additional terms of 12 months upon mutual agreement of both parties, provided thirty days’ notice is given for each subsequent term, at a modest increase in the monthly rent, through February 28, 2025, however, the Company is under is no obligation to renew it. Management has determined that the exercise of the renewal option is not reasonably certain and, as such, the Company has accounted for it as a short-term lease under ASC 842, Leases. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company elected to renew the agreement for another one year period. Under an amendment to our supply agreement with our former contract manufacturer in April 2023, we took over direct responsibility for the manufacturing process surrounding our ESS units on June 1, 2023, however, that amendment had no effect on the sublease agreement with our former contract manufacturer.
As indicated in Note 1, the Company sells its proprietary ESS units through wholesale dealers, primarily in California. In that regard, the Company has entered into agreements with several wholesale dealers operating in California and other states under which the Company has incentivized the dealers to achieve quarterly sales above targeted levels by agreeing to grant them shares of the Company’s common stock for exceeding such quarterly sales targets, subject to defined maximums. Pursuant to such agreements, two dealers met the necessary milestones to earn a total of 9,759 incentive shares of common stock in December 2022, which were issued in January 2023, and one dealer earned 8,568 incentive shares of common stock in December 2021, which were issued in March 2022.
From time to time in the ordinary course of our business, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings, the outcomes of which may not be determinable. The Company is not involved in any legal proceedings at this time. The results of litigation are inherently unpredictable. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management time and result in diversion of significant resources. We are not able to estimate an aggregate amount or range of reasonably possible losses for those legal matters for which losses are not probable and estimable.
(6) Related Party Transactions
In the year ended June 30, 2022, we appointed the former owner of our contract manufacturer (see Note 5) to become a director of the Company. At the time of his appointment, the former owner of our contract manufacturer still had significant related party influence over its operations in his capacity with the contract manufacturer’s new parent company. Pursuant to an agreement that we reached with our contract manufacturer prior to such appointment, we made payments to that company to assemble our energy storage systems during the year ended June 30, 2022 in the total amount of $857,025. Additionally, we made contractual payments to that company for rental of our office space during the year ended June 30, 2022 in the total amount of approximately $126,000.
Effective April 1, 2023, we amended our agreement with our contract manufacturer resulting in our taking over direct responsibility for our manufacturing operations from that company, thus eliminating the related party relationship. Prior to the termination of such relationship, we made contractual payments to that company to assemble our energy storage systems during the period from July 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023 in the total amount of $669,424. Additionally, we made contractual payments to that company for rental of our office space during the period from July 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023 in the total amount of $95,250.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, who is our principal executive officer, and our Chief Financial Officer, who is our principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of June 30, 2023, the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2023, largely due to our relatively small number of employees rendering a full segregation of various disclosure control duties impractical.
Inherent Limitations over Controls
Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or deterioration in the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our principal executive officer and our principal accounting and financial officer, are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria described in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of June 30, 2023 largely due to our relatively small number of employees rendering a full segregation of various accounting control and financial reporting duties impractical.
Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the JOBS Act.
Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Our Board of Directors has adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all officers, directors and employees, which is available on our website (www.neovolta.com) under “Governance Documents” within the “Corporate Governance” section. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of this Code and by posting such information on the website address and location specified above.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth information regarding our equity compensation plans at June 30, 2023:
Plan category
Number of securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights
(a)
Weighted-
average exercise price
of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights
(b)
Number of securities
(by class) remaining
available for future
issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))
(c)
﻿Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
2,500,000
$ 5.99
2,050,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (2)
58,500
$ 4.40
58,500
(1) Represents shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding restricted stock units under our 2019 Stock Plan.
(2) Consists of warrants issued to underwriters.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(a) Documents filed as part of this Report
1. All Financial Statements
The financial statements and notes are included herein under “Part II-Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022
Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Notes to the Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because they are inapplicable or not required or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
Exhibit No.
Exhibit Description
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of NeoVolta, Inc. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 2.1 of the Company’s Form 1-A (file no. 024-10942)).
3.2
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of NeoVolta, Inc. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 3.3 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
4.1
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued in July 2022 offering (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
4.2
Form of Warrant Agent Agreement dated July 27, 2022 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.4 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
4.3
Form of Underwriter’s Warrant issued in July 2022 offering (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.5 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
4.4
Description of the Company’s Securities (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed September 27, 2022).
10.1
NeoVolta, Inc. 2019 Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to exhibit 6.4 of the Company’s Form 1-A (file no. 024-10942))
10.2+
Employment Agreement between NeoVolta, Inc. and Brent Willson dated February 23, 2022 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 6.5 of the Company’s Form 1-SA for the fiscal semi-annual period ended December 31, 2021, filed on March 28, 2022)
10.3+
Employment Agreement between NeoVolta, Inc. and Steve Bond dated February 23, 2022 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 6.6 of the Company’s Form 1-SA for the fiscal semi-annual period ended December 31, 2021, filed on March 28, 2022)
10.4**++
Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2019, between NeoVolta, Inc. and PMP Energy, LLC (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.7 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
10.5**++
Exclusive Supply Agreement, effective as of August 30, 2021, by and between NeoVolta, Inc. and NingBo Deye Inverter Technology Co, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
10.6**
Consent to Sublease dated August 16, 2021 between NeoVolta, Inc. and ConnectPV, Inc. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
10.7+
Independent Director Agreement, dated April 11, 2022, by and between NeoVolta, Inc. and Susan Snow (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275)).
10.8+
Independent Director Agreement, dated April 7, 2022, by and between NeoVolta, Inc. and John Hass (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Form S-1 (file no. 333-264275))..
10.9+
Independent Director Agreement, dated July 1, 2022, by and between NeoVolta, Inc. and James Amos (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed September 27, 2022).
10.10+
Form of Amendment to Independent Director Agreement, dated November 4, 2022, by and between NeoVolta, Inc. and each of James Amos, John Hass and Susan Snow (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed November 10, 2022)
23.1*
Consent of MaloneBailey, LLP.
31.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS *
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith.
** Previously filed.
++Pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, certain portions of this exhibit have been redacted. The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the SEC, upon its request, an unredacted copy of this exhibit.