EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1468174
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1468174_10-K_2021_0001468174-21-000011.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
Overview
Hyatt Hotels Corporation is a global hospitality company with widely recognized, industry-leading brands and a tradition of innovation developed over our more than sixty-year history. In 2004, substantially all of the hospitality assets owned by Pritzker family business interests, including Hyatt Corporation and Hyatt International Corporation, were consolidated under a single entity whose name was subsequently changed to Global Hyatt Corporation. In 2009, Global Hyatt Corporation changed its name to Hyatt Hotels Corporation, and we completed our initial public offering ("IPO") of our Class A common stock.
We operate, manage, franchise, own, lease, develop, license, or provide services to a portfolio of properties, consisting of full service hotels, select service hotels, resorts, and other properties, including timeshare, fractional, and other forms of residential, vacation, and condominium ownership units. At December 31, 2020, our hotel portfolio consisted of 974 hotels (235,272 rooms). See Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Overview" for a categorized breakdown of our portfolio. Our colleagues and hotel general managers are supported by our regional management teams, located in cities around the world, and our executive management team, headquartered in Chicago.
Our thirteen full service brands are: Park Hyatt, Miraval, Grand Hyatt, Alila, Andaz, The Unbound Collection by Hyatt, Destination, Hyatt Regency, Hyatt, Thompson Hotels, Hyatt Centric, Joie de Vivre, and tommie. Our select service brands are Caption by Hyatt, Hyatt House, and Hyatt Place. In addition, we participate in an unconsolidated hospitality venture with a Chinese hospitality company that owns the UrCove select service brand serving the upper-midscale market in Greater China. Our all-inclusive resort brands are Hyatt Ziva and Hyatt Zilara. We also manage, provide services to, or license our trademarks with respect to residential ownership units that are often adjacent to a Hyatt-branded full service hotel. We consult with third parties in the design and development of such mixed-use projects. We license certain of our trademarks with respect to vacation ownership units, which are part of Hyatt Residence Club. Additionally, we provide services and, in some cases, manage the rental programs and/or homeowner associations associated with condominium ownership units.
We primarily derive our revenues from owned and leased hotel operations, management of hotels, and licensing of our portfolio of brands to franchisees. For the year ended December 31, 2020, revenues totaled $2.1 billion, net loss attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation totaled $703 million, and Adjusted EBITDA totaled $(177) million. See Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Key Business Metrics Evaluated by Management-Adjusted Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") and EBITDA" for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA, why we present it, and for a reconciliation of our net income (loss) attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation to consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The global spread and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are complex and continuously evolving, resulting in significant disruption to our business, the lodging and hospitality industries, and the global economy. The pandemic has led governments and other authorities around the world to impose measures intended to control its spread, including restrictions on large gatherings of people, travel bans, border closings, business closures and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and social distancing measures. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have significantly reduced global travel and demand for hotel rooms and travel experiences, and have had a material detrimental impact on global commercial activity across the travel, lodging, and hospitality industries, which has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.
Our Purpose, Vision, Mission, and Values
Our Purpose
We care for people so they can be their best.
Our Vision
A world of understanding and care.
Our Mission
We deliver distinctive experiences for our guests.
Our Values
Respect, integrity, humility, empathy, creativity, and fun.
Our purpose, vision, mission, and values are brought to life by our colleagues, whom we refer to as the Hyatt family. We believe our colleagues around the world embody our purpose of caring for people, including one another, our guests and customers, property owners, and the communities in which our hotels operate. We are strongly committed to advancing care for all of our stakeholders and creating personal connections to increase loyalty and drive results. High levels of guest satisfaction lead to increased guest preference for our brands, which we believe results in a strengthened revenue base over the long term. We also believe engaged colleagues will enhance efficient operation of our properties, resulting in improved financial results. Sustained adherence to these principles is a basis for our brand reputation and strongly contributes to our growth as our diverse group of owners and developers choose to invest in our portfolio of properties around the world.
Our Competitive Strengths
We have significant competitive strengths that support our mission to deliver distinctive experiences for our guests and drive growth and create value for our customers, colleagues, and shareholders.
World Class Brands. Inspired by a deep understanding of guest needs, we have developed, and in some cases acquired, a global suite of distinct brands.
Global Platform with Compelling Growth Potential. Our existing global presence is widely distributed, and our hotels operate in some of the most populous urban centers around the globe, and we believe our existing hotels, located in key markets around the globe, provide us with a strong platform from which to selectively pursue new growth opportunities in markets where our brands are less prevalent.
Deep Culture and Experienced Management Teams. The Hyatt family is united by shared values, a single purpose, and a deep commitment to listening, understanding, and personalizing experiences for our guests and customers - all of which we believe increases loyalty, differentiates us from the competition, and drives business results.
Strong Capital Base and Disciplined Financial Approach. Our approach is to maintain appropriate levels of financial leverage through industry cycles and downturns. Current economic conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have negatively impacted our earnings, cash flow from operations, and leverage levels. As a result, we accessed debt capital markets to enhance our liquidity in order to support operations until demand returns and cash flow improves. At December 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $1.9 billion and available borrowing capacity of approximately $1.5 billion. We believe our balance sheet strength uniquely positions us to successfully navigate the current economic environment and to take advantage of strategic opportunities to expand our presence and grow our business over time.
Diverse Exposure to Hotel Management, Franchising, Ownership, and Development. Our mix of managed, franchised, owned, and leased properties provides a broad and diverse base of revenues, profits, and cash flows and gives us flexibility to evaluate growth opportunities across our lines of business.
High-Quality Owned Hotels are Located in Desirable Markets and are a Source of Capital for New Growth Investments. We believe our owned assets provide us the opportunity to unlock additional shareholder value through targeted dispositions that provide cash proceeds to fund additional strategic investments to expand our presence or provide incremental return of capital to shareholders. In 2018, we realized $1.5 billion of proceeds from the disposition of owned assets, completing our initial sell-down commitment. In March 2019, we committed to an additional $1.5 billion reduction of our owned real estate portfolio over a three-year period, and at December 31, 2020, we have realized proceeds of approximately $1 billion under this commitment.
Our Business Strategy
Despite the disruptive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the hospitality industry, we remain committed to our long-term strategy. Our strategy to drive long-term sustainable growth and create value for guests, customers, colleagues, owners, and shareholders is focused on the following areas:
•Maximize Our Core Business: We continue to grow and operate our core business with excellence in order to be best-in-class while aiming to generate profits to fuel our growth.
•Integrate New Growth Platforms: We seek to identify and integrate new opportunities to advance care for our guests and provide additional paths for growth.
•Optimize Capital Deployment: We take a comprehensive and disciplined approach to our deployment of capital to expand our management and franchising business, invest in new growth platforms, and return capital to our shareholders.
Description of Brands
Brand Segment Customer Base December 31, 2020 Rooms (1) Primary Selected
Competitors Key Locations
% of Our
Managed and Franchised Properties (1) Americas Region ASPAC Region EAME/SW Asia Region
Luxury Leisure and business; small meetings 3% 1,622 4,158 2,425 Four Seasons, Mandarin Oriental,
Ritz-Carlton,
St. Regis, The Peninsula Auckland, Bangkok, Buenos Aires, St. Kitts,
Kyoto, New York, Paris, Vienna, Milan, Sydney, Tokyo Washington D.C.
Luxury/Wellness Leisure <1% 362 - - Cal-a-vie, Canyon Ranch, Golden Door Austin, Berkshires, Tucson
Luxury Leisure and business; large and small meetings, social events 13% 12,871 15,278 4,036 JW Marriott, Conrad, Fairmont,
InterContinental Abu Dhabi, Beijing, Dubai, Hong Kong, Kochi, Mumbai, Nashville, Nassau, Rio de Janeiro, San Francisco, Singapore, Shanghai, Tokyo, Xian
Luxury Leisure and business; small meetings, social events 1% 50 1,099 296 One&Only, Six Senses, Aman, Banyan Tree, COMO Anji, Bali, Big Sur, Bishangarth, Goa, Jabal Al Akhdar, Koh Russey Island, Surakarta, Wuzhen
Luxury Leisure and business; small meetings 2% 2,179 1,578 1,775 W, Edition, SLS, Viceroy, Kimpton Abu Dhabi, Amsterdam, Delhi, Dubai, London, Munich, Maui, New York, Seoul, Singapore, Vienna, Tokyo, Xiamen
Luxury Business and leisure; small meetings 2% 2,355 801 1,685 Marriott Autograph Collection,
Curio Collection by Hilton Austin, Barcelona, Biarritz, Cannes, Chongqing, London, Miami Beach, Nashville, New Orleans, Paris, Phoenix, Stockholm
Upper-Upscale Business and leisure; large and small meetings, social events, associations 2% 3,906 - - Marriott Autograph Collection, Curio Collection by Hilton, Tapestry Collection by Hilton Charleston,
Cle Elum,
Maui, Phoenix, Snowmass, Lake Tahoe, Stowe, Vail
Brand Segment Customer Base December 31, 2020 Rooms (1) Primary Selected
Competitors Key Locations
% of Our
Managed and Franchised Properties (1) Americas Region ASPAC Region EAME/SW Asia Region
Upper-Upscale Conventions, business and leisure; large and small meetings, social events, associations 38% 58,420 17,649 14,830 Marriott, Sheraton,
Hilton,
Renaissance,
Westin Boston, Cape Town,
Chicago, Delhi, Dubai, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, London,
Los Angeles, Madrid, Mexico City, Orlando, Paris, Sofia
Upper-Upscale Business and leisure; small meetings 1% 1,315 - 741 Marriott,
Hilton, Westin New York, Paris, Seattle
All-Inclusive Leisure; small meetings 1% 2,234 - - Beaches,
Dreams Cancun, Cap Cana, Puerto Vallarta, Montego Bay, San Jose del Cabo
All-Inclusive Leisure; adult-only; small meetings <1% 919 - - Sandals, Secrets Cancun, Cap Cana, Montego Bay
Luxury Leisure and business; small meetings 1% 2,543 - - W, Edition, SLS, Viceroy, Kimpton Cabo San Lucas, Dallas,
Nashville, New York, Seattle, Washington D.C.
Upper-Upscale Leisure and business; small meetings 3% 5,511 1,082 1,344 ACE, AC Hotels, Moxy, Canopy, Hotel Indigo Bangalore, Boston, Dublin, Hong Kong,
Madrid, Miami, Montevideo, New York, Philadelphia, Tokyo
Upscale Leisure and business; small meetings -% - - - Citizen M, Moxy, AC Hotels, Motto, Aloft -
Upper- Upscale Leisure and business; small meetings 1% 1,888 202 - Kimpton, Canopy, Marriott Autograph Collection Baltimore, Beijing
Chicago, New York, San Francisco
Upscale Extended stay guests; business and leisure; small
meetings 7% 14,390 953 687 Residence Inn by Marriott,
Homewood
Suites Austin, Boston,
Dallas, Frankfurt, Mexico City, Miami, Paris,
San Francisco, Shanghai
Upscale Business and leisure; small meetings 23% 47,654 4,579 3,193 Courtyard by Marriott, Hilton
Garden Inn, AC Hotels Atlanta, Chicago,
Dubai, Frankfurt, Houston, Hyderabad,
London, Miami, Paris, Phoenix, Santiago, Shanghai
Brand Segment Customer Base December 31, 2020 Rooms (1) Primary Selected
Competitors Key Locations
% of Our
Managed and Franchised Properties (1) Americas Region ASPAC Region EAME/SW Asia Region
Upper-Upscale Leisure and business; small meetings -% - - - Freehand, Mama Shelter, Citizen M, The Line, Ace Hotels -
Upper-Midscale Business and leisure; small meetings <1% - 1,015 - ATOUR, Hampton Inn, Mercure Shanghai
Vacation
Ownership Owners of
vacation units, repeat Hyatt business and leisure -% - - - Hilton Vacation
Club, Marriott
Vacation Club Aspen, Beaver Creek, Carmel, Key West, Lake Tahoe, Maui, Sedona
(1) Figures do not include vacation ownership, residential, condominium ownership units, or one unbranded property in the Americas with 800 rooms. The UrCove brand is owned by an unconsolidated hospitality venture between a Hyatt affiliate and a Chinese hospitality company. The Hyatt Centric and Thompson Hotels room counts each include one property that we will rebrand under the Hyatt Centric brand and Thompson Hotels brand, respectively, in 2021. The Hyatt Regency room count includes two properties that we will rebrand under the Hyatt Regency brand in 2021.
Park Hyatt
Park Hyatt hotels emphasize luxury and personalization. Located in many of the world's premier destinations, each Park Hyatt hotel is custom designed to combine sophistication with distinctive regional character. Cultured, affluent business and leisure travelers find a home-away-from-home amidst renowned artwork and design. Immersive and rare culinary experiences are designed to create unique and deeply enriching dining occasions for guests.
Miraval
The Miraval brand is a global leader in wellness resorts and spas. Miraval Arizona Resort & Spa in Tucson pioneered the wellness spa resort category with its comprehensive program of activities, experiences, and personal treatments. The Miraval brand's commitment to helping guests live life in balance is the cornerstone of a distinct wellness offering within our portfolio of brands. This commitment reflects our focus on serving the high-end traveler by finding new ways to understand and care for them beyond the traditional hotel stay.
Grand Hyatt
Grand Hyatt hotels are distinctive hotels in major gateway cities and resort destinations. With presence around the world and critical mass in Asia, Grand Hyatt hotels provide sophisticated business and leisure travelers with elegant accommodations, extraordinary restaurants, bars, luxury spas, and fitness centers, as well as comprehensive business and meeting facilities. Signature elements of Grand Hyatt hotels include iconic architecture, state of the art technology, and facilities for an array of business or social gatherings of all sizes.
Alila
The Alila brand is the combination of innovative design and luxury in unique locations, set apart by crafted artisanship, personalized hospitality, and bespoke journeys. Alila means "Surprise" in Sanskrit, which suitably describes the refreshing character of this brand. In support of sustainable tourism, Alila hotels and resorts adopt EarthCheck - operating standards, integrating the natural, physical, and cultural elements of their environments. To stay at any Alila hotel or resort is to embark on a destination experience - delighting in the flavors of the local cuisine, enhancing wellbeing through ancient healing arts, or enjoying the thrill of adventure sports.
Andaz
Andaz hotels draw upon surrounding neighborhoods to craft distinctively local experiences, fully immersing guests in each inspiring destination through unique expressions of local culture. Every Andaz hotel is one of a kind in every sense - an elevated reflection of the destination's culture. From locally inspired architecture in the lobby and facades, to the music heard in our signature Andaz Lounges, to the flavors in market-to-table restaurants, distinctive textures in guestrooms, and soothing aromas at Andaz hotel spas, Andaz hotels are designed to reflect their surroundings and feature a unique and innovative service model that creates a barrier-free and non-traditional environment. Guests will experience personalized and unscripted service where they can become inspired by the spirit of the local community.
The Unbound Collection by Hyatt
The Unbound Collection by Hyatt brand is a portfolio of upper-upscale and luxury properties ranging from historic urban gems to contemporary new build hotels, boutique properties, and resorts. Each property provides thought-provoking environments that inspire moments for guests seeking a sophisticated yet unscripted experience when they travel. The philosophy behind The Unbound Collection by Hyatt brand is to attract owners and developers who want their properties to maintain a distinct character and brand name, but gain the power of Hyatt's robust distribution, operational and marketing resources, award winning customer loyalty program, and trusted brand name and reputation.
Destination Hotels
Destination Hotels is a diverse collection of independent hotels, resorts, and residences that are individual at heart yet connected by a commitment to draw upon the true spirit of each location. Each property is purposefully crafted to be a place of discovery for guests through authentic experiences, unique design, and connections to the local community. The award-winning portfolio features renowned golf courses, indigenous spas, and exceptional food and beverage options including bars, restaurants, cafés, and rooftops. Destination Hotels capture the unique essence of each resort location through immersive discoveries, authentic design, and warm, welcoming service. The Destination Residential Management business operates within this brand and provides services to, and in some cases manages, the rental programs and/or homeowner associations related to condominium ownership units.
Hyatt Regency
Hyatt Regency hotels offer a full range of services, amenities, and facilities tailored to serve the needs of meeting planners, business travelers, and leisure guests. Hyatt Regency hotels in key urban markets around the world feature flexible meeting and conference facilities of all sizes designed to provide a productive, connected environment. Hyatt Regency hotels in resort locations cater to couples seeking a getaway, families enjoying a vacation together, and corporate groups seeking an atmosphere in which to conduct business and meetings.
Hyatt
Hyatt hotels are smaller-sized properties conveniently located in diverse business and leisure areas. These hotels help guests make the most of their stay, whether for an important business meeting or social gathering, to explore a new city, or to reconnect with family and friends.
Hyatt Ziva
Hyatt Ziva all-inclusive resorts are designed for guests of all ages in premier leisure locations. They offer a variety of on-site activities and opportunities to experience the local culture and destination. Hyatt Ziva resorts feature a wide array of food and beverage outlets with an emphasis on authentic local cuisine and are able to cater to social or business groups with varied and well-appointed meeting facilities.
Hyatt Zilara
Hyatt Zilara adult-only all-inclusive resorts are located in sought-after resort destinations. They offer a wide array of food and beverage services with a focus on authentic local and global cuisines. The resorts offer premier spas, social activities, and live entertainment, as well as a variety of meeting spaces. The resorts are designed so couples or small groups can enjoy intimate, sophisticated surroundings.
Thompson Hotels
Thompson Hotels is an award-winning boutique lifestyle brand with a collection of original properties in urban and resort destinations. A collection for the modern, sophisticated traveler, each location offers a thoughtfully curated experience designed to spark conversation, connect guests to world-class culinary offerings, and a layered design reflective of the surroundings locale.
Hyatt Centric
Hyatt Centric hotels are full service lifestyle hotels located in prime destinations, created for curious leisure travelers who want to be in the heart of the action so they never miss a moment of adventure. Hyatt Centric hotels help guests discover the world's most compelling destinations like a local. Located in the center of the action, Hyatt Centric hotels serve as the perfect launch pad for exploring all the hidden gems and hot spots each destination has to offer. Exploration does not end at the door. Hyatt Centric hotels feature artistically curated spaces throughout the hotel, thoughtfully designed to help guests work, relax, and socialize. After a day of exploration, guests can enjoy a selection of artisanal crafted cocktails and local fare in a chic space with a chill vibe. A staff of knowledgeable colleagues is on hand to aid guests in their discovery of their surroundings.
Caption by Hyatt
Caption by Hyatt is a new lifestyle brand within the select service category designed to deliver on today's travelers' desires for an approachable, lively, and conscious environment where everyone is welcome. The social spaces are designed to act as a constantly active and engaging destination within the neighborhoods and communities they are located. At the heart of the experience is Talk Shop, an all-day food and beverage concept that invites guests to work, eat, and socialize in comfortable, flexible, communal spaces designed to inspire meaningful conversations and authentic connections. Caption by Hyatt hotels will combine the design and comfort of an upscale, lifestyle-forward hotel with the flexibility and efficiency of a select-service property through self-activated experiences, a responsibly engaged local team, and social spaces designed for community.
Joie de Vivre
A community for the spirited, light-hearted, and young-at-heart, the Joie de Vivre brand offers a collection of vibrant, independent hotels that are true reflections of the urban neighborhoods they call home. Each hotel provides an experience that is inclusive in spirit and space, effortlessly bringing people together with joy-driven service. Embracing its namesake, each property invites guests and locals to connect, live in the moment, and make each stay yours truly.
Hyatt House
Hyatt House hotels are designed to welcome guests as extended stay residents. Apartment-style suites with fully equipped kitchens and separate living areas remind guests of the conveniences of home. Hyatt House hotels are designed to keep guests comfortable during longer stays with complimentary hot breakfast, H BAR food and beverage offerings, and indoor and outdoor communal spaces.
Hyatt Place
Hyatt Place hotels offer a modern, comfortable, and seamless experience, combining style and innovation to create a casual hotel environment for today's multi-tasking traveler. Thoughtfully designed guestrooms feature distinct areas for sleep, work, and relaxation. Hyatt Place hotels also offer freshly prepared food around the clock, efficient service, and an easy to navigate experience. From the lobby to the guest rooms to in-hotel dining, every aspect of the hotel experience is designed with the high value business traveler in mind.
tommie
The tommie brand is designed to be a gathering place that inspires guests to author their own experiences. By focusing on the essentials and providing fun, relevant choices, the tommie brand offers a fresh lens for the youthful and open-minded to explore, connect, and discover.
UrCove
The UrCove brand is designed specifically to meet Chinese business travelers' preferences and growing expectations for a seamless, comfortable, and premium travel experience in the upper-midscale market. Hotels in the UrCove brand, which is short for "your cove," blend comfort and convenience for the modern traveler through thoughtful service, spacious rooms, delicious food, and a relaxed yet refined ambiance.
Hyatt Residence Club
Hyatt Residence Club provides members with vacation ownership opportunities in regionally inspired and designed residential-style properties with the quality of the Hyatt brand. Members pre-purchase time at a Hyatt Residence Club property and have the flexibility of usage, exchange, and rental. Hyatt Residence Club members can choose to occupy their vacation home, exchange time among other Hyatt Residence Club locations, trade their time for World of Hyatt loyalty program bonus points, or travel within the Hyatt system.
Business Segment, Revenues, and Geographical Information
We manage our business within four reportable segments as described below:
•Owned and leased hotels, which consists of our owned and leased full service and select service hotels and, for purposes of segment Adjusted EBITDA, our pro rata share of the Adjusted EBITDA of our unconsolidated hospitality ventures, based on our ownership percentage of each venture;
•Americas management and franchising ("Americas"), which consists of our management and franchising of properties located in the United States, Latin America, Canada, and the Caribbean, as well as our residential management operations;
•ASPAC management and franchising ("ASPAC"), which consists of our management and franchising of properties located in Southeast Asia, Greater China, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Japan, and Micronesia; and
•EAME/SW Asia management and franchising ("EAME/SW Asia"), which consists of our management and franchising of properties located in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, Central Asia, and Nepal.
Within corporate and other, we include the results from our co-branded credit card program, the results of the Exhale spa and fitness business, which was sold in December 2020, and unallocated corporate expenses. Effective January 1, 2020, we changed the strategic and operational oversight for our Miraval properties, which were previously evaluated as a distinct business by our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The management fees from Miraval properties are now reported in the Americas management and franchising segment, and the operating results and financial position of underlying hotel results are now reported in our owned and leased hotels segment; the results of Miraval properties were previously reported in corporate and other. In addition, the license fees we receive from Hyatt Residence Club are now reported within our Americas management and franchising segment due to changes in the strategic oversight for these license agreements. For information regarding our four reportable business segments, revenues, and geographical information, see Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Management Agreements
We manage hotels worldwide pursuant to management agreements.
Hotel Management Agreements Fees
Our hotel management agreements typically provide for a two-tiered fee structure that compensates us both for the volume of business we generate for the property as well as for the profitability of hotel operations. In these two-tier fee structures, our base compensation is a base fee that is usually an agreed-upon percentage of gross revenues from hotel operations. In addition, we are incentivized to improve hotel profitability through an incentive fee that is typically calculated as a percentage of a hotel profitability measure, such as gross operating profit, adjusted profit, or the amount by which gross operating profit or adjusted profit exceeds a specified threshold. Outside of the United States, some management agreements have fees more dependent on hotel profitability measures either through a single management fee structure where the entire fee is based on a profitability measure or because our two-tier fee structure is more heavily weighted toward the incentive fee than the base fee.
Hotel Management Agreements Terms and Renewals
The approximate average remaining term of our hotel management agreements with third-party owners and unconsolidated hospitality ventures for full service hotels and select service hotels (other than those currently under development) is as follows:
Assuming no renewal options are exercised by either party: Including exercise of extension options that are in Hyatt's sole discretion:
Full service management agreements:
Americas 13 years 18 years
EAME/SW Asia 16 years 20 years
ASPAC 14 years 15 years
Select service management agreements:
Americas 12 years 28 years
EAME/SW Asia 19 years 33 years
ASPAC 18 years 19 years
Some of our hotel management agreements grant early termination rights to hotel owners upon the occurrence of a stated event, such as the sale of the hotel or our failure to meet a specified performance test (any such event a "termination event"). In the case of a termination event, some of our management agreements grant hotel owners the right to terminate the hotel management agreement and convert the hotel to a Hyatt franchise. Generally, termination rights under performance tests are based upon the property's individual performance or its performance when compared to a specified set of competitive hotels branded by other hotel operators or both. These termination rights are usually triggered if we do not meet the performance tests over multiple years. We generally have the option to cure performance failures by paying an amount equal to the shortfall, but in some cases our cure rights may be limited, and our failure to meet a performance test may result in the termination of our hotel management agreement. Certain of our management agreements allow for a termination right after a multi-year lock-out period and are subject to a termination fee generally based upon a formula related to the lost fees.
Many of our hotel management agreements, particularly in the United States, are subordinated to mortgages or other secured indebtedness of the owners. In most cases, our subordination agreements with lenders recognize our right to continue to manage the hotels under the terms set forth in the hotel management agreements if the lenders take possession of the hotel property through foreclosure or similar means.
Franchise Agreements
Our franchise agreements grant our franchisees the limited right to use our name, marks, and system in the operation of franchised Grand Hyatt, Hyatt Regency, Hyatt, Hyatt Ziva, Hyatt Zilara, Thompson Hotels, Hyatt Centric, Caption by Hyatt, Hyatt House, and Hyatt Place properties, and franchised properties operated under distinct tradenames and affiliated with The Unbound Collection by Hyatt, Destination Hotels, and Joie de Vivre. We do not participate in the management of our franchised hotels; however, franchisees are required to operate franchised hotels consistent with our brand standards. We approve the plans for, and the location of, franchised hotels and review the operation of these hotels to ensure our standards are maintained.
Fees
In general, our franchisees pay us an initial application fee and/or a design services fee as well as ongoing royalty fees, the amount of which depends on the brand under which the franchised property is licensed. We franchise full service hotels under the Grand Hyatt, Hyatt Regency, Hyatt, Thompson Hotels, and Hyatt Centric brands, all-inclusive resorts under the Hyatt Ziva and Hyatt Zilara brands, and full service hotels under distinct tradenames and affiliated with The Unbound Collection by Hyatt, Destination Hotels, and Joie de Vivre brands. We franchise select service hotels under the Caption by Hyatt, Hyatt House, and Hyatt Place brands. Our Grand Hyatt, Hyatt Regency, Hyatt, and Thompson Hotels franchisees typically pay us franchise fees calculated as 6% of gross room revenues and 3% of gross food and beverage revenues. Our Hyatt Centric franchisees typically pay us franchise fees calculated as 5% of gross room revenues. The Unbound Collection by Hyatt, Destination Hotels, and Joie de Vivre franchisees typically pay us continuing franchise fees calculated as 7% of gross room revenues generated through Hyatt reservation and booking channels. In some cases, typically for new hotel development
franchise agreements, our full service continuing franchise fees begin at a lower percentage than listed above and escalate in the initial few years of the term. Caption by Hyatt, Hyatt House, and Hyatt Place franchisees, typically for new hotel development franchise agreements, pay continuing franchise fees calculated as a percentage of gross room revenues, which typically are 3% in the first year of operations, 4% in the second year, and 5% through the remainder of the term. Our all-inclusive franchisees typically pay us franchise fees calculated as either 2.75% or 3.25% of gross revenues. Application fees are typically $75,000 plus $500 per guest room in excess of 150 for our Hyatt House and Hyatt Place hotels, $95,000 plus $500 per guest room in excess of 200 for our Caption by Hyatt hotels, the greater of $100,000 or $400 per guest room for our Hyatt Regency and Grand Hyatt hotels, and the greater of $100,000 or $300 per guest room for our other full service hotels and all-inclusive resorts. In some circumstances, we have negotiated other fee arrangements, and in some regions outside of the United States, we typically negotiate alternative application fee arrangements.
In addition to our franchise fees, we charge full service and select service hotels and all-inclusive resort franchisees for certain services arranged and, in most cases, provided by us. These activities may include centralized reservation functions, certain sales functions, technology, national advertising, certain marketing and promotional services, as well as various revenue management services.
Terms and Renewals
The standard term of our franchise agreements is typically 20 years, with one 10 year renewal option exercisable by the franchisee, assuming the franchisee has complied with franchise agreement requirements and standards. Certain of our franchise agreements have renewal options at Hyatt's option, generally triggered if the franchisee has failed to exercise its renewal option. Certain of our franchise agreements have renewal options upon the mutual agreement of the parties. We have the right to terminate franchise agreements upon specified events of default, including non-payment of fees and non-compliance with brand standards. In the event of early termination for any reason, our franchise agreements typically set forth liquidated damages our franchisees must pay to us upon termination. The bankruptcy of a franchisee or lender foreclosure could result in the termination of the franchise agreement. The average remaining base term of our franchise agreements for our select service and full service hotels in all regions (other than those currently under development) is approximately 16 years, assuming no renewal options are exercised by either party. Including exercise of extension options in Hyatt's sole discretion, the average remaining term of our franchise agreements for our select service hotels and full service hotels in all regions (other than those currently under development) is approximately 17 years.
Other Service Agreements
We provide services under the Destination Residential Management business pursuant to rental management agreements with individual property owners and/or homeowner associations whereby the property owners and/or homeowner associations participate in our rental program. The agreements typically provide for our receipt of a percentage split of the total gross revenue generated from a property under the rental program, and expenses of the property are paid from such split. The agreement terms are typically one or two years. Additionally, we provide association management services to the various homeowner associations where we manage the properties for a fee.
Sales, Marketing, and Reservations and Global Contact Centers
Sales
We deploy a global sales team as well as regional sales teams in our Americas, ASPAC, and EAME/SW Asia regions. The global team is responsible for our largest and most significant accounts doing business in all three regions. The regional teams are responsible for large accounts that typically do business within one region, but at multiple hotels within the region. The global and regional sales teams coordinate efforts with the hotel sales teams. The in-house sales colleagues are focused on local and regional business opportunities, as well as securing business generated from our key global and regional accounts.
Our corporate sales organizations are focused on growing market share with key accounts, identifying new business opportunities, and maximizing our local customer base. Our key accounts consist of major corporations; national, state, and regional associations; specialty market accounts (social, government, military, educational, religious, and fraternal); travel agency and luxury organizations; and a broad and diverse group of individual consumers. Our global and regional sales teams target multiple brands to key customer accounts within these groups. No single customer is material to our business. Our global and regional teams consist of over 125 colleagues at global and regional sales offices around the world, who are focused on group business, corporate and leisure traveler accounts, and travel agencies.
Sales colleagues at our regional offices and at many of our full service hotels use our proprietary sales tool to manage the group rooms forecast, maintain an inventory of definite and tentative group rooms booked each day, streamline the process of checking guest room availability and rate quotes, and determine meeting room availability.
We seek to maximize revenues in each hotel we operate through a team of revenue management professionals and also provide revenue management services to franchisees upon request. Our revenue management leaders use a proprietary technology tool to help set appropriate pricing in each hotel. The goal of revenue management is to secure the right customers, on the right date, at the right price. Business opportunities are reviewed and agreed upon by the hotel's management team.
Marketing
We are focused on the high-end traveler, positioning our brands at the top of each segment in which we operate. Our marketing strategy is designed to drive loyalty and community, while meeting the specific business needs of hotel operations. Building and differentiating each of our brands is critical to increasing Hyatt's brand preference. We are focused on targeting the distinct guest segments that each of our brands serves and supporting the needs of the hotels by thorough analysis and application of data and analytics. The World of Hyatt loyalty program and our digital platforms are also key components of building loyalty and driving revenue. The loyalty program focuses on deepening relationships with members, driving repeat stays, guest satisfaction, recognition, and differential services and experiences for our most loyal guests. Our digital platforms are our primary distribution channels providing guests, customers, and members with an efficient source of information about our hotels, distinct brand experiences, and a seamless booking experience. With a combined focus on increasing brand awareness, building a community of loyalists, and enhancing digital engagement, our marketing is aimed at Hyatt becoming the most preferred hospitality brand.
Reservations and Global Contact Centers
We have a proprietary central reservation system that provides a comprehensive view of inventory, while allowing for local management of rates based on demand. Through this system, we are able to allow bookings and subsequent maintenance of bookings by hotels directly, via telephone through our contact centers, by travel agents, by corporate clients, and through digital platforms.
We have nine global contact centers that service our global guest base 24 hours per day, seven days per week and provide reservation and other services in over 17 languages. While we continue to provide full reservation services via telephone through these global contact centers, we have made significant investments in internet booking capabilities on Hyatt.com and mobile platforms. Additionally, we continue to enhance the services and capabilities of our global contact centers to better align with evolving technology and guest preference.
In addition, some of the rooms at hotels and resorts we manage or franchise are booked through internet travel intermediaries, partners, or online travel service providers. We also engage third-party intermediaries who collect fees by charging our hotels and resorts a commission on room revenues, including travel agencies and meeting and event management companies.
World of Hyatt Loyalty Program
We operate the World of Hyatt loyalty program for the benefit of our portfolio of properties. The program generates substantial repeat guest business by rewarding frequent stays with points that can be redeemed for hotel nights and other rewards. Inspired by our purpose, World of Hyatt is also about building community and engagement with high-end travelers. Loyalty program members enjoy additional rewards as they reach milestone rewards and advance through the three elite tiers based on qualifying nights or base points in a calendar year.
Members earn points based on their spend at our properties, by transacting with our strategic loyalty alliances (e.g., American Airlines, Lindblad Expeditions, MGM Resorts International, and Small Luxury Hotels of the World), or in connection with spend on the Hyatt co-branded credit card. Loyalty program points can be redeemed at properties across our brands, converted into airline miles with numerous participating airlines, and redeemed with other third parties.
The loyalty program is primarily funded through contributions from eligible revenues generated from loyalty program members. These funds are applied to reimburse hotels for room nights when members redeem loyalty program points and pay for administrative expenses and marketing initiatives to support the loyalty program.
At December 31, 2020, the loyalty program had over 25 million members, and during 2020, represented approximately 36% of total room nights system wide.
Competition
There is intense competition in all areas of the hospitality industry. Competition exists for hotel, resort, and condominium ownership guests; management and franchise agreements; and sales of vacation and branded residential properties. Our principal competitors are other operators of full service, select service, extended stay, all-inclusive, and wellness properties, including other major hospitality chains with well-established and recognized brands. We also compete against small chains and independent and local owners and operators. Increasingly, we also face competition from new channels of distribution in the travel industry. Additional sources of competition include large companies that offer online travel services as part of their business model, such as Alibaba, search engines such as Google, and peer-to-peer inventory sources that allow travelers to book stays on websites that facilitate the short-term rental of homes and apartments from owners, thereby providing an alternative to hotel rooms, such as Airbnb and HomeAway.
We compete for guests based primarily on brand name recognition and reputation, location, customer satisfaction, room rates, quality of service, health and cleanliness standards, amenities, quality of accommodations, security, and the ability to earn and redeem loyalty program points.
We compete for management agreements based primarily on the value and quality of our management services; our brand name recognition and reputation; the level of our management fees; the costs of payroll at managed properties where we are the employer; cost associated with sales, reservations, technology, and marketing services (collectively, "system-wide services"); and the economic advantages to the property owner of retaining our management services and using our brand name. We compete for franchise agreements based primarily on brand name recognition and reputation, the room rate that can be realized, total revenues we can deliver to the properties, and cost associated with our system-wide services. Other competitive factors for management and franchise agreements include relationships with property owners and investors, including institutional owners of multiple properties; marketing support; reservation and e-commerce system capacity and efficiency; and the ability to provide capital that may be necessary to obtain management and franchise agreements.
The number of branded lodging operators with a global reach and depth of product and offerings similar to us is limited. We believe our strong customer base, prominent brand recognition, strategic property locations, and global development team enable us to compete effectively. For additional information, see Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-Because we operate in a highly competitive industry, our revenues, profits, or market share could be harmed if we are unable to compete effectively, and new distribution channels, alternatives to traditional hotels, and industry consolidation among our competitors may negatively impact our business."
Seasonality
The hospitality industry is typically seasonal in nature, although the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, seasonality patterns of our business. The periods during which our properties experience higher revenues vary from property to property, depending principally upon location, the customer base served, and potential impacts due to the timing of certain holidays.
Cyclicality
The hospitality industry is cyclical and generally follows, on a lagged basis, the overall economy. There is a history of increases and decreases in demand for hotel rooms, in occupancy levels, and in rates realized by owners of hotels through economic cycles. Variability of results through some of the cycles in the past has been more severe due to changes in the supply of hotel rooms in given markets or in given categories of hotels. In the most recent cycle, the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic drove immediate decreases in demand. Changes in industry demand related to economic conditions, other factors such as those experienced with the COVID-19 pandemic, or in the supply of hotel rooms, or any combination thereof, can result in significant volatility in results for owners, managers, and franchisors of hotel properties. The costs of running a hotel tend to be more fixed than variable. Because of this, in an environment of declining revenues, the rate of decline in earnings will be higher than the rate of decline in revenues. Conversely, in an environment of increasing demand and room rates, the rate of increase in earnings is typically higher than the rate of increase in revenues.
Intellectual Property
In the highly competitive hospitality industry in which we operate, trademarks, service marks, trade names, and logos are very important in the sales and marketing of our hotels, residential, vacation, and condominium ownership properties and services. We have a significant number of trademarks, service marks, trade names, logos, and pending registrations and significant resources are expended each year on surveillance, registration, and protection of our trademarks, service marks, trade names, and logos, which we believe have become synonymous in the hospitality industry with a reputation for excellence in service and care. For additional information, see Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-Any failure to protect our trademarks and intellectual property could reduce the value of our brand names and harm our business."
Government Regulation
We are subject to numerous foreign, federal, state, and local government laws and regulations, including those relating to the preparation and sale of food and beverages, building and zoning requirements, data privacy, and general business license and permit requirements, in the various jurisdictions in which we operate, manage, franchise, own, lease, develop, license, or provide services to properties. Our ability to develop new hotel properties and to remodel, refurbish, or add to existing properties is also dependent on obtaining permits from local authorities. We are also subject to laws governing our relationships with employees, including minimum wage requirements, overtime, working conditions, hiring and firing, non-discrimination for disabilities and other individual characteristics, work permits, and benefit offerings. Federal, state, and provincial laws and regulations require certain registration, disclosure statements, compliance with specific standards of conduct, and other practices with respect to the franchising of hotels. In addition, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, governmental agencies in various jurisdictions have issued evolving health and safety-related regulations and orders that affect our operations. Compliance with these various laws and regulations can affect the revenues and profits of properties managed, franchised, licensed, owned, or leased, and of the residential, vacation, and condominium ownership business and could adversely affect our operations or our reputation. We believe our businesses are conducted in substantial compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
We manage and own hotels with casino gaming operations as part of or adjacent to the hotels. However, with the exception of Hyatt Regency Aruba Resort Spa and Casino, third parties manage and operate the casinos. We hold and maintain the casino gaming license and manage the casino located at Hyatt Regency Aruba Resort Spa and Casino and employ third-party compliance consultants and service providers. As a result, our business operations at Hyatt Regency Aruba Resort Spa and Casino are subject to the licensing and regulatory control of the Departamento pa Asuntonan di Casino (D.A.C.), the regulatory agency responsible for gaming licenses and operations in Aruba.
Human Capital Resources and Corporate Responsibility Commitment
Our purpose - to care for people so they can be their best - is at the heart of how we care for our guests and colleagues. We recognize that Hyatt's success is dependent on the commitment to genuine service and care that our colleagues deliver to our guests and that our colleagues and culture are at the core of our purpose. Therefore, one of our strategic priorities is to cultivate the best people and foster a diverse, equitable, and inclusive culture that prioritizes wellbeing, enables colleagues to reach their fullest potential, and emphasizes development and growth for all colleagues.
To support our colleague's physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing, we prioritize offerings and opportunities for them to practice self-care, including providing complimentary access to the Headspace meditation and mindfulness mobile application available for colleagues wherever they are, as well as opportunities for continual learning, such as tuition reimbursement and training courses. Our Colleague Wellbeing Council helps evaluate and shape how we can continue to energize and engage colleagues through feedback collected from colleagues around the world.
In addition, we are continuing to develop new work procedures and mandatory trainings in an effort to ensure health and safety for colleagues. For example, daily colleague surveys were introduced in 2020 to measure colleague comfort as well as a property's cleanliness, working order, and customer service, with the goal of enabling property leaders to address opportunities, make adjustments as necessary, and meet the needs of colleagues and guests in real time.
We believe addressing environmental, social, and governance issues is an essential element of advancing care for all of our stakeholders, including our guests, colleagues, customers, owners, and the communities in which our properties operate around the world. Our global corporate responsibility efforts are focused on fostering environmental stewardship; strengthening our community impact through volunteerism, philanthropy, and disaster relief; and supporting responsible business practices in our operations.
We have a long history of focusing on diversity, equity, and inclusion and we are committed to holding ourselves accountable for continued change holistically across Hyatt's business. Our Change Starts Here commitment that launched in
June 2020 includes actionable goals to accelerate our diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts by 2025. These commitments include specific representation goals for women and people of color, and are designed to drive meaningful change and positively impact our workforce, communities, and industry. In addition, we maintain a Global Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Council, led by our CEO, to shape and drive our diversity and inclusion strategy, and we sponsor seven colleague-led Diversity Business Resource Groups with chapters around the globe to provide career development programs and support workforce diversity. Hyatt colleagues are eager to learn, participate, and impact this space. To address this interest, Hyatt provides a Leading Inclusively training for all people managers at both the corporate and hotel-level. This training provides an opportunity for colleagues to reflect on potential biases and assumptions that may create barriers in practicing inclusion, seeking out and engaging in diverse perspectives, and collaborating to solve problems. Additionally, through our global RiseHY program, we provide career pathways for Opportunity Youth, or young people aged 16-24 who are neither in school nor working, in order to help them reach their full potential. By setting goals, measuring progress, and harnessing the power of our colleagues around the world, we strive to make a tangible impact within and beyond the walls of our properties.
Employees
At December 31, 2020, there were more than 115,000 colleagues working at our corporate and regional offices and our managed, franchised, owned, and leased properties, and we directly employ approximately 37,000 of these colleagues. The remaining colleagues are employed by third-party owners and franchisees of our properties. Approximately 23% of our employees (approximately 25% of our U.S.-based employees) were either represented by a labor union or had terms of employment that were determined under a labor agreement. We believe relations with our employees and colleagues are good.
Environmental Matters
In connection with our ownership, management, and development of properties, we are subject to various foreign, federal, state, and local laws, ordinances, and regulations relating to environmental protection. Under some of these laws, a current or former owner or operator of real property may be held liable for the costs of investigating or remediating hazardous or toxic substances or wastes on, under or in such real property, as well as third-party sites where the owner or operator sent wastes for disposal. Such laws may impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew, or was at fault in connection with, the presence or release of such hazardous substances or wastes. Although we are not aware of any current material obligations for investigating or remediating hazardous substances or wastes at our owned properties, the future discovery of substances or wastes at any of our owned properties, or the failure to remediate such contaminated property properly, could adversely affect our ability to develop or sell such real estate, or to borrow using such real estate as collateral. In addition, the costs of investigating or remediating contamination at our properties or at properties where we sent substances or wastes for disposal, may be substantial.
We are also subject to various requirements, including those contained in environmental permits required for our operations, governing air emissions, effluent discharges, the use, management, and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, and health and safety. From time to time, we may be required to manage, abate, or remove mold, lead, or asbestos-containing materials at our properties. We believe our properties and operations are in compliance, in all material respects, with all foreign, federal, state, and local environmental laws and ordinances. However, additional operating costs and capital expenditures could be incurred if additional or more stringent requirements are enacted in the future.
Insurance
Properties we manage, franchise, license, own, and lease outright or through hospitality ventures are insured under different insurance programs depending on whether the property participates in our insurance programs or in the insurance programs of the property owner (including hospitality ventures), franchisee, or licensee. We maintain insurance coverage for hotels owned and leased by the Company under our insurance programs for liability, property, workers compensation, and other risks with respect to our business. Our liability insurance provides coverage for most claims, including claims related to terrorism, operations, goods and services, and automobiles, but does not provide coverage for certain losses, including pandemics and/or epidemics. Our property insurance provides coverage for all risks to our properties including fire, windstorm, flood, earthquake, and terrorism. Property insurance also includes business interruption coverage, but does not provide coverage for certain losses, including pandemics and/or epidemics. Our workers compensation insurance provides coverage for employee injuries in the course and scope of employment. Hotels owned by hospitality ventures, hotels managed by the Company, and certain franchises are permitted to participate in our insurance programs by mutual agreement with our hospitality venture partners or third-party hotel owners and franchisees. The majority of hotels owned by hospitality ventures and managed hotels owned by third parties participate in our insurance programs. Our hospitality venture agreements and management agreements require hotels owned by hospitality ventures and managed hotels owned by third parties that do not participate in our insurance programs to be insured at coverage levels generally consistent with the coverage levels under our insurance programs, including liability, property, business interruption, workers compensation, and other insurance. Our
franchise and license agreements require our franchisees and licensees to maintain liability, property, business interruption, workers compensation, and other insurance at our franchised or licensed properties. We are typically covered under insurance policies held by third-party property owners, franchisees, or licensees to the extent necessary and reasonable. We also maintain cyber-risk insurance for systems and data controlled by the Company. Cyber-risk insurance generally covers all Company-controlled systems and Company-controlled data in properties that the Company manages, franchises, licenses, owns, and leases, outright or through hospitality ventures.
We believe the Company's insurance policies, as well as those maintained by third-party owners and franchisees, including hospitality ventures, are adequate for foreseeable losses and on terms and conditions that are reasonable and customary with solvent insurance carriers. We also self-insure some of our risks generally through the use of deductibles and retentions. We believe these deductibles and retentions are reasonable and customary for our industry and our size. However, there are losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. We use a U.S.-based and licensed captive insurance company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company to generally insure our deductibles and retentions, but excludes most property insurance deductibles and retentions.
Stockholder Agreements
The following is a summary of the provisions of the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement, the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement, and the Global Hyatt Corporation 2007 Stockholders' Agreement (the "2007 Stockholders' Agreement"). The following descriptions of these agreements do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by, the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement, Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement, and 2007 Stockholders' Agreement, copies of which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and are incorporated by reference herein. For additional information regarding these agreements, please also refer to Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Share Ownership and Other Stockholder Matters."
Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement
The trustees of the U.S. situs trusts for the benefit of certain lineal descendants of Nicholas J. Pritzker, deceased, that own, directly or indirectly, shares of our common stock, and the adult beneficiaries of such trusts, including Mr. Thomas J. Pritzker, our executive chairman, and Mr. Jason Pritzker, one of our directors, and any of their successors that own, directly or indirectly, shares of our common stock, have entered into the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement pursuant to which they have agreed to, among other things, certain voting agreements and limitations on the sale of shares of our common stock. At January 31, 2021, Pritzker family business interests own, directly or indirectly, 59,895,959 shares, or 59.1%, of our total outstanding common stock and control approximately 90.6% of our total voting power. Specifically, such parties have agreed that until the date upon which more than 75% of the Company's fully diluted shares of common stock is owned by persons other than Pritzker family members and spouses (including any U.S. or non-U.S. situs trusts for the current or future, direct or indirect, vested or contingent, benefit of Pritzker family members and spouses), all Pritzkers (and their successors in interest, if applicable), but not the transferees by sale (other than Pritzkers who purchase directly from other Pritzkers), will vote all of their voting securities consistent with the recommendations of our board of directors with respect to all matters assuming agreement as to any such matter by a majority of a minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) or, in the case of transactions involving us and an affiliate, assuming agreement of all of such minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker). All Pritzkers have agreed to cast and submit by proxy to us their votes in a manner consistent with the foregoing voting agreement at least five business days prior to the scheduled date of any annual or special meeting of stockholders.
In addition, such parties have agreed that until the date upon which more than 75% of the Company's fully diluted shares of common stock is owned by persons other than Pritzker family members and spouses (including any U.S. or non-U.S. situs trusts for the current or future, direct or indirect, vested or contingent, benefit of any Pritzker family members and spouses), all Pritzker family members and spouses (including U.S. and non-U.S. situs trusts for the current or future, direct or indirect, vested or contingent, benefit of any Pritzker family members and spouses or affiliates of any thereof) in a "beneficiary group" (including trusts only to the extent of the then current benefit of members of such beneficiary group) may sell up to 25% of their aggregate holdings of our common stock, measured as of November 4, 2009, the date of effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-161068) relating to our initial public offering of our Class A common stock, in each 12-month period following the date of effectiveness of such registration statement (without carry-overs), and shall not sell more than such amount during any such period. Upon the unanimous affirmative vote of our independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker), such 25% limitation may, with respect to each such 12 month period, be increased to a higher percentage or waived entirely. Sales of our common stock, including Class A common stock and Class B common stock, between and among Pritzkers is permitted without regard to the sale restrictions described above and such sales are not counted against the 25% sale limitation.
All shares of our common stock owned by each beneficiary group (including trusts only to the extent of the then current benefit of members of such beneficiary group) are freely pledgeable to an institutional lender and such institutional lender will not be subject to the sale restrictions described above upon default and foreclosure.
The Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement may be amended, modified, supplemented, or restated by the written agreement of the successors to Mr. Thomas J. Pritzker, Mr. Marshall E. Eisenberg, and Mr. Karl J. Breyer, solely in their capacity as co-trustees of the Pritzker family U.S. situs trusts, 75% of the adult beneficiaries named below and a majority of the other adult beneficiaries party to the agreement. Each of Thomas J. Pritzker, Nicholas J. Pritzker, Jennifer N. Pritzker, John A. Pritzker, Linda Pritzker, Karen L. Pritzker, Penny Pritzker, Daniel F. Pritzker, Anthony N. Pritzker, Gigi Pritzker Pucker, and Jay Robert Pritzker, and their respective lineal descendants and current spouse, if relevant, make up a "beneficiary group."
Disputes that relate to the subject matter of the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement are subject to arbitration pursuant to the terms of the agreement. The exclusive requirement to arbitrate under the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement shall not apply with respect to the manner in which Hyatt's operations are conducted to the extent the parties (in their capacities as stockholders) and non-Pritzker public stockholders are affected comparably; provided, however, that a party may participate in and benefit from any shareholder litigation initiated by a non-party to the agreement. A party to the agreement may not solicit others to initiate or be a named plaintiff in such litigation (i) unless two thirds of the independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) of a board of directors having at least three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) do not vote in favor of the matter that is the subject of the litigation or (ii) in the case of affiliated transactions reviewed by our board of directors, unless at least one independent director (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) did not approve the transaction.
Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement
The trustees of the non-U.S. situs trusts for the benefit of certain lineal descendants of Nicholas J. Pritzker, deceased, that own, directly or indirectly, shares of our common stock, and the adult beneficiaries of such trusts, including Mr. Thomas J. Pritzker and Mr. Jason Pritzker, and any of their successors that own, directly or indirectly, shares of our common stock, have entered into the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement pursuant to which they have agreed to, among other things, certain voting agreements and limitations on the sale of shares of our common stock. At January 31, 2021, Pritzker family business interests own, directly or indirectly, 59,895,959 shares, or 59.1%, of our total outstanding common stock and control approximately 90.6% of our total voting power. Specifically, such parties have agreed that until the date upon which more than 75% of the Company's fully diluted shares of common stock is owned by persons other than Pritzker family members and spouses (including any U.S. or non-U.S. situs trusts for the current or future, direct or indirect, vested or contingent, benefit of any Pritzker family members and spouses), all Pritzkers (and their successors in interest, if applicable), but not the transferees by sale (other than Pritzkers who purchase directly from other Pritzkers), will vote (or cause to be voted) all of the voting securities held directly or indirectly by them consistent with the recommendations of our board of directors with respect to all matters assuming agreement as to any such matter by a majority of a minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) or, in the case of transactions involving us and an affiliate, assuming agreement of all of such minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker). All Pritzkers have agreed to cast and submit by proxy to us their votes in a manner consistent with the foregoing voting agreement at least five business days prior to the scheduled date of any annual or special meeting of stockholders.
In addition, such parties have agreed that until the date upon which more than 75% of the Company's fully diluted shares of common stock is owned by persons other than Pritzker family members and spouses (including any U.S. or non-U.S. situs trusts for the current or future, direct or indirect, vested or contingent, benefit of any Pritzker family members and spouses), all Pritzker family members and spouses (including U.S. and non-U.S. situs trusts for the current or future, direct or indirect, vested or contingent, benefit of any Pritzker family members and spouses and/or affiliates of any thereof) in a "beneficiary group" (including trusts only to the extent of the then current benefit of members of such beneficiary group) may sell up to 25% of their aggregate holdings of our common stock, measured as of November 4, 2009, the date of effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-161068) relating to our initial public offering of our Class A common stock, in each 12-month period following the date of effectiveness of such registration statement (without carry-overs), and shall not sell more than such amount during any such period. Upon the unanimous affirmative vote of our independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker), such 25% limitation may, with respect to each such 12 month period, be increased to a higher percentage or waived entirely. Sales of our common stock, including Class A common stock and Class B common stock, between and among Pritzkers is permitted without regard to the sale restrictions described above and such sales are not counted against the 25% sale limitation.
All shares of our common stock owned directly or indirectly by each beneficiary group (including trusts only to the extent of the then current benefit of members of such beneficiary group) are freely pledgeable to an institutional lender and such institutional lender will not be subject to the sale restrictions described above upon default and foreclosure.
The Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement may be amended, modified, supplemented, or restated by the written agreement of 75% of the adult beneficiaries named below and a majority of the other adult beneficiaries party to the agreement. Each of Thomas J. Pritzker, Nicholas J. Pritzker, Jennifer N. Pritzker, John A. Pritzker, Linda Pritzker, Karen L. Pritzker, Penny Pritzker, Daniel F. Pritzker, Anthony N. Pritzker, Gigi Pritzker Pucker, and Jay Robert Pritzker, and their respective lineal descendants and current spouse, if relevant, make up a "beneficiary group."
Disputes that relate to the subject matter of the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement are subject to arbitration pursuant to the terms of the agreement. The exclusive requirement to arbitrate under the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement shall not apply with respect to the manner in which Hyatt's operations are conducted to the extent the parties (in their capacities as stockholders) and non-Pritzker public stockholders are affected comparably; provided, however, that a party may participate in and benefit from any shareholder litigation initiated by a non-party to the agreement. A party to the agreement may not solicit others to initiate or be a named plaintiff in such litigation (i) unless two thirds of the independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) of a board of directors having at least three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) do not vote in favor of the matter that is the subject of the litigation or (ii) in the case of affiliated transactions reviewed by our board of directors, unless at least one independent director (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) did not approve the transaction.
2007 Stockholders' Agreement
In connection with the issuance and sale of 100,000 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to GS Sunray Holdings, L.L.C. ("GSSH") and GS Sunray Holdings Parallel, L.L.C. ("GSSHP" and collectively with GSSH, the "Goldman Sachs Funds"), affiliates of Goldman, Sachs & Co., and the execution of a Subscription Agreement in August 2007, we entered into the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement with Madrone GHC, LLC and affiliates (collectively, "Madrone"), the Goldman Sachs Funds, and an additional investor that provides for certain rights and obligations of these stockholders, as described below.
In May 2009, the shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock held by the Goldman Sachs Funds were converted into shares of common stock. Such shares of common stock, along with shares of common stock purchased by the Goldman Sachs Funds and Madrone in May 2009 pursuant to the Subscription Agreement and in the May 2009 private placement transaction, and any other shares of common stock held by the parties to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement prior to our initial public offering, were reclassified into shares of our Class B common stock upon the filing of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation on November 4, 2009, the date of our initial public offering. At January 31, 2021, the Goldman Sachs Funds and Madrone no longer held any shares of common stock subject to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement as a result of sales into the public market subject to applicable securities laws. At January 31, 2021, the additional investor party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement held 2,270,395 shares of Class B common stock.
Transfer Restrictions
No stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement may transfer (1) the legal or beneficial ownership of any common stock held by such stockholder unless such acquiring person's ownership of common stock is not reasonably likely to jeopardize any licensing from a governmental authority, as determined by our board of directors in its reasonable discretion, (2) any common stock to an aggregator (meaning a person who is required to file a Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act disclosing an interest other than for investment), (3) any common stock to a competitor of ours engaged in one or more of the hospitality, lodging, and/or gaming industries or (4) any common stock that would cause a stockholder to violate any provision of the agreement. Such restrictions are qualified by the "actual knowledge" of the transferring stockholder in the case of transfers pursuant to an underwritten public offering or a broad distribution sale.
All other transfer restrictions set forth in the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement expired in May 2015. However, all shares held by such stockholders remain subject to the rights of first refusal (except as described below with respect to shares held by Madrone) and "drag along" rights described below.
Right of First Refusal
In the event that the number of shares of common stock proposed to be transferred by a stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement and its affiliates together with any shares of common stock then proposed to be transferred by the other stockholders party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement and their affiliates exceeds 2% of the then outstanding shares of common stock, then prior to consummating the sale of common stock to a third-party purchaser, such stockholder or stockholders shall offer to transfer the common stock to us at the applicable market value (as defined in the 2007 Stockholders'
Agreement). If we do not accept the offer within a specified period of time, such stockholder or stockholders may transfer the shares of common stock to the third-party purchaser as long as such transfer occurs within the time periods specified in the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement and on terms and conditions no more favorable in the aggregate than those offered to us. We waived all rights of first refusal with respect to shares held by the Goldman Sachs Funds and Madrone in connection with the sales into the public market by such entities.
"Drag-Along" Right
In connection with a "change of control" (as defined in the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement) transaction, we have the right to require each stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement to participate in such change of control transaction on the same terms, conditions, and price per share of common stock as those applicable to the other holders of our common stock. In addition, upon our request, the stockholders party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement have agreed to vote in favor of such change of control transaction or similar transaction, and we have the right to require each stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement to vote for, consent to, and raise no objection to any such transaction.
"Tag-Along" Right
Subject to the fiduciary duties of our board of directors, we have agreed that we will not agree to consummate a change of control transaction with respect to which the stockholders party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement are not given the right to participate on the same terms, conditions, and price per share of common stock as those applicable to the other holders of our common stock.
Preemptive Rights
Each stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement has the right to purchase such stockholder's pro rata share of any new shares of common stock, or any other equity securities, that we may propose to sell and issue on comparable terms by making an election within the time periods specified in the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement, subject to certain excluded securities issuances described in the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement, including shares issued pursuant to equity compensation plans adopted by our board of directors and the issuance of shares of our common stock in a public offering. If not all stockholders elect to purchase their full preemptive allocation of new securities, then we will notify the fully-participating stockholders and offer them the right to purchase the unsubscribed new securities.
Voting Agreement
Until the date that Mr. Thomas J. Pritzker is no longer our chairman, each stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement has agreed to vote all of their shares of common stock consistent with the recommendations of a majority of our board of directors with respect to all matters. At January 31, 2021, the stockholders party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement own in the aggregate 2,270,395 shares of Class B common stock or approximately 3.7% of our Class B common stock, approximately 2.2% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock and approximately 3.4% of the total voting power of our outstanding common stock.
Standstill
Under the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement, each stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement agreed that, subject to certain limited exceptions, so long as such stockholder owns shares of common stock, neither such stockholder nor any of its related persons will in any manner, directly or indirectly:
•effect or seek, offer or propose (whether publicly or otherwise) to effect, or announce any intention to effect or cause or participate in or in any way assist, facilitate, or encourage any other person to effect or seek, offer or propose (whether publicly or otherwise) to effect or participate in, (a) any acquisition of any of our or our subsidiaries' securities (or beneficial ownership thereof) (except through the proper exercise of preemptive rights granted under the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement), or rights or options to acquire any of our or our subsidiaries' securities (or beneficial ownership thereof), or any of our or our subsidiaries' or affiliates' assets, indebtedness, or businesses, (b) any tender or exchange offer, merger, or other business combination involving us or any of our subsidiaries or affiliates or any assets constituting a significant portion of our consolidated assets, (c) any recapitalization, restructuring, liquidation, dissolution, or other extraordinary transaction with respect to us or any of our subsidiaries or affiliates, or (d) any "solicitation" of "proxies" (as such terms are used in the proxy rules under the Exchange Act) or written consents with respect to any of our or our affiliates' voting securities. For this purpose, the term "affiliates" means our affiliates primarily engaged in the hospitality, lodging, and/or gaming industries;
•form, join, or in any way participate in a "group" (within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) with respect to us where such group seeks to acquire any of our equity securities;
•otherwise act, alone or in concert with others, to seek representation on or to control or influence our or our subsidiaries' management, board of directors, or policies;
•take any action which would or would reasonably be expected to force us to make a public announcement regarding any of the types of matters set forth in the first bullet point above;
•own more than 12% of the issued and outstanding common stock, unless such ownership arises as a result of any action not taken by or on behalf of such stockholder or a related person of such stockholder; or
•request that we or any of our representatives, directly or indirectly, amend or waive any of the foregoing provisions.
Each stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement has also agreed that, if at any time during the period such stockholder is subject to the foregoing provisions, such stockholder is approached by any third party concerning its participation in any transaction or proposed transaction involving the acquisition of all or any portion of the assets, indebtedness, or securities of, or any business of, ours or any of our subsidiaries, such stockholder will promptly inform us of the nature of such transaction and the parties involved.
Termination
The 2007 Stockholders' Agreement terminates (1) with respect to any individual stockholder, on the first date when such stockholder no longer holds any shares of common stock and (2) in its entirety, upon the first to occur of all of our equity securities being owned by a single person or the agreement in writing by us and each stockholder party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement.
Our Website and Availability of SEC Reports and Other Information
The Company maintains a website at the following address: www.hyatt.com. The information on the Company's website is not incorporated by reference in, or otherwise to be regarded as part of, this annual report.
We make available on or through our website certain reports and amendments to those reports we file with or furnish to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. These include our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and our current reports on Form 8-K. We make this information available on our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
Investors and others should note that we routinely announce material information to investors and the marketplace using SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, webcasts, and the Hyatt Investor Relations website. We use these channels as well as social media channels (e.g., the Hyatt Facebook account (facebook.com/hyatt); the Hyatt Instagram account (instagram.com/hyatt); the Hyatt Twitter account (twitter.com/hyatt); the Hyatt LinkedIn account (linkedin.com/company/hyatt); and the Hyatt YouTube account (youtube.com/user/hyatt)) as a means of disclosing information about our business to our guests, customers, colleagues, investors, and the public. While not all of the information that we post to the Hyatt Investor Relations website or on our social media channels is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in Hyatt to review the information that we share at the Hyatt Investor Relations website and on our social media channels. The information on the Hyatt Investor Relations website and the Company's social media channels is not incorporated by reference in, or otherwise to be regarded as part of, this annual report.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
In addition to the other information set forth in this annual report, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Risk Factors Summary
The following is a summary of the principal risks and uncertainties described in more detail in this annual report:
•The global COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material adverse impact on the travel industry generally and, as a result, on our business and results of operations.
•Global economic conditions and the cyclical nature of the hospitality industry could adversely affect demand for travel and lodging, and, as a result, our revenues, profitability, and future growth.
•Risks relating to natural or man-made disasters, contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, terrorist activity, and war could reduce the demand for lodging, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
•We operate in a highly competitive industry and our revenues, profits, or market share could be harmed if we are unable to compete effectively.
•New distribution channels, alternatives to traditional hotels, significant increases in the volume of sales made through third-party internet travel intermediaries, and industry consolidation among our competitors could have an adverse impact on consumer loyalty to our brand and may negatively impact our business.
•If we are unable to establish and maintain key distribution arrangements for our properties, the demand for our rooms and our revenues could decrease.
•Because we derive a portion of our revenues from operations outside the United States, we are subject to various risks of doing business internationally.
•If we are unable to successfully operate the World of Hyatt loyalty program or further evolve the development and implementation of our digital platforms, loyalty for our brands, and our revenues, could be negatively impacted.
•Adverse incidents at, or adverse publicity concerning, our properties or our corporate responsibilities could harm our brands and reputation, as well as adversely affect our market share, business, financial condition, or results of operations.
•If we are unable to maintain good relationships with third-party property owners and franchisees and/or if our management or franchise agreements terminate, our revenues could decrease and our costs could increase.
•Some of our existing development pipeline may not be developed into new hotels or may not open on the anticipated timeline, which could affect our growth prospects.
•If we or our third-party owners or franchisees are not able to maintain our brand standards or develop, redevelop, or renovate properties successfully, our business, profitability, and ability to compete effectively could be harmed.
•We may be unable to sell selected properties at acceptable terms and conditions, if at all, or within targeted timeframes, and are exposed to risks resulting from significant investments in owned and leased real estate.
•We may seek to expand our business through acquisitions of and investments in other businesses and properties, or through alliances, and these activities may be unsuccessful or divert our management's attention.
•If we or our third-party owners, franchisees, or development partners are unable to repay or refinance loans secured by the mortgaged properties, access the capital necessary to fund current operations or implement our plans for growth, our revenues, profits, and capital resources could be reduced and our business could be harmed.
•If we become liable for losses related to loans we have provided or guaranteed to third parties or contractual arrangements with third-party owners and franchisees, our profits could be reduced.
•Cyber risk and the failure to maintain the integrity of customer, colleague, or Company data could adversely affect our business, harm our reputation, and/or subject us to costs, fines, penalties, investigations, enforcement actions, or lawsuits.
•Information technology system failures or delays could reduce our revenues and profits and harm the reputation of our brands and our business.
•We have a limited ability to manage third-party risks associated with our hospitality venture investments, which could reduce our revenues, increase our costs, lower our profits, and/or increase our liabilities.
•Our debt service obligations may adversely affect our cash flow and reduce our operational flexibility, and we are exposed to counterparty and credit risk and fluctuations in the market values of our investment portfolio.
•Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may increase our costs, reduce our profits, or limit our growth.
•Adverse judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved could reduce our profits or limit our ability to operate our business.
•Labor shortages or changes in labor laws could disrupt our operations and increase our labor costs.
•Any failure to protect our trademarks and intellectual property could reduce the value of our brand names and harm our business.
•There can be no assurance that we will declare or pay dividends in the future or that we will repurchase shares pursuant to our share repurchase program consistent with historical amounts or at all.
•Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law, as well as agreements with our major stockholders, may discourage or prevent a change of control transaction or any attempt by stockholders to replace or remove our board of directors or management.
•Pritzker family business interests have substantial control over us and have the ability to control the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders for approval.
Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
The global COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material adverse impact on the travel industry generally and, as a result, on our business and results of operations, and these impacts may persist for an extended period of time or become more pronounced over time.
The global spread and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is complex, unpredictable, and continuously evolving and has resulted in significant disruption and additional risks to our business; the lodging, hospitality, and travel industries; and the global economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has led governments and other authorities around the world to impose measures intended to control its spread, including restrictions on large gatherings of people, travel bans, border closings and restrictions, business closures, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and social distancing measures. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have significantly reduced global travel and demand for hotel rooms and have had a material detrimental impact on global commercial activity across the lodging, hospitality, and travel industries, all of which has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material adverse impact on our business, operations, and financial results.
The extent, duration, and magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic's effects will depend on various factors, all of which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies, travel, and economic activity, as well as actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the pandemic, any additional resurgence, or COVID-19 variants. These factors include the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on unemployment rates and consumer discretionary spending; governmental or regulatory orders that impact our business and our industry; the demand for travel and transient and group business; levels of consumer confidence; the ability of our third-party owners, franchisees, or hospitality venture partners to successfully navigate the effects of the pandemic; the ability to effectively and widely manufacture and distribute vaccines and broad acceptance of the vaccine by the general population; and the pace of recovery when the pandemic subsides. Moreover, even after shelter-in-place orders and travel bans and advisories are lifted and vaccines are more widely distributed and available, demand for hotels, including corporate travel and group meetings, may remain depressed for a significant length of time, and we cannot predict if and when demand will return to pre-COVID-19 levels. In addition, we cannot predict whether business travel for in-person meetings will decrease over the long-
term due to technological advancements in, and consumer acceptance and adaptation to, virtual meetings and/or changes in guest and consumer preferences.
The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected our business, operations, and financial condition to a number of significant risks:
•Revenues and Expenses: With the global spread of COVID-19 beginning in March 2020, we began to experience significant decreases in demand and system-wide Revenue per Available Room ("RevPAR") beyond our Greater China properties where the negative impacts first originated. The effects of the pandemic have materially adversely affected, and we expect will continue to materially adversely affect to an extent we are unable to predict, the revenues and profitability of our owned and leased properties, and revenues may be insufficient to offset certain fixed costs, such as insurance and property taxes. In addition, uncertain or fluctuating real estate valuations and the inability for third-party purchasers to obtain capital may prevent us from selling properties on acceptable terms or prevent us from selling properties within our previously announced timeframes.
In addition, the amount of management and franchise fee revenues we are able to generate from our managed and franchised properties has been materially adversely affected, and we expect will continue to be materially adversely affected, by the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic impact of the pandemic has also made it difficult for certain third-party owners or franchisees to meet working capital needs, and could make it difficult for them to service debt obligations or obtain financing on favorable terms, or at all, which could have a significant impact on the overall level, cost, and pace of our future development and, therefore, our ability to increase revenue. The impact of the pandemic could cause third-party owners or franchisees to declare bankruptcy or cause their lenders to declare a default, accelerate the related debt or foreclose on the property. Such bankruptcies, sales or foreclosures could, in some cases, result in the termination of our management or franchise agreements and impact our anticipated income and cash flows. Additionally, third-party owners or franchisees may be, and in limited cases, have been, unable or unwilling to pay us amounts that we are entitled to receive on a timely basis or at all, which has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our revenues and liquidity.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused us, and could continue to cause us, to incur additional expenses. For example, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting deterioration in hotel operating performance, we may be, and in limited cases, have been, required to fund shortfalls in operating profit under performance tests or guarantees we have entered into in favor of some third-party owners and franchisees. Moreover, our third-party owners and franchisees could fail to reimburse us for any payments we may be required to make to third-party lenders to whom we made financial guarantees for the timely repayment of all or a portion of the third-party owners' or franchisees' debt related to hotels that we manage or franchise. We have, in limited cases, found it necessary or in the interest of our business to provide financial or other types of support to certain of these parties, and may continue to do so in the future, which could increase our expenses and affect cash flows. While governments have and may continue to implement various stimulus and relief programs, it is uncertain whether and to what extent we or our third-party owners or franchisees will be eligible to participate in, or successfully access, such programs, whether conditions or restrictions imposed under such programs will be acceptable, and whether such programs will be effective in avoiding or significantly mitigating the financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, we have incurred additional costs related to severance payments and may incur additional expenses related to restructuring activities in future periods. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, we or our third-party hotel owners and franchisees could experience other short or longer-term impacts on our costs, including, for example, the need for enhanced health and hygiene standards or certifications, social distancing requirements or other precautionary measures in response to the health and safety challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. These effects could impact our ability to generate profits even after revenues improve.
•Operations: In response to the significant decline in demand for hotels across our system, we have taken actions and continue to evaluate spending to manage operating expenses and optimize our financial resources. These actions include a permanent reduction in our workforce across our regions, eliminating non-essential spending and corporate initiatives, and reducing costs related to certain system-wide expenses we incur on behalf of third-party owners and franchisees related to marketing, sales, reservations, and technology. We have received, and may continue to receive, demands or requests from labor unions that represent our colleagues, whether in the course of our periodic renegotiation of our collective bargaining agreements or otherwise, for additional compensation, healthcare benefits, or other terms that could increase costs, and we could experience labor disputes or disruptions as we continue to implement our mitigation plans. Some actions we have taken, or that we may take in the future, to reduce costs for us or our third-party owners or franchisees may cause us to experience operational challenges, and may negatively impact guest loyalty, owner preference, or our ability to attract and retain colleagues, and our reputation and market share may suffer as a result. Further, once the effects of the pandemic subside, the recovery
period could be extended and we expect that certain operational changes, particularly with respect to enhanced health and safety measures and global care and cleanliness certifications, will be necessary over the long-term. The challenges of the current operating environment may also adversely impact our ability to maintain brand standards across our portfolio as third-party owners or franchisees may be unwilling or unable to incur the cost of complying with such standards.
•Financial Condition and Indebtedness: As we manage through the effects of the pandemic, our level of indebtedness has increased and may continue to increase. To enhance our liquidity profile and cash position in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on April 21, 2020, we entered into a Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Revolver Amendment") and issued $450 million of 5.375% senior notes due 2025 (the "2025 Notes") and $450 million of 5.750% senior notes due 2030 (the "2030 Notes"). On August 26, 2020, we issued $750 million of three-month LIBOR plus 3.000% senior notes due 2022 (the "2022 Notes"). A default under our revolving credit facility would enable the lenders to terminate their commitments thereunder and could trigger a cross-default, acceleration, or other consequences under our other indebtedness or financial instruments. There is no guarantee that debt financings will be available in the future to fund our obligations or will be available on terms consistent with our expectations. We also expect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial markets could adversely affect our ability to raise equity financing. Changes in the credit ratings of our debt, including our revolving credit facility and outstanding senior notes, could have an adverse impact on our interest expense. As a result of the general economic uncertainty and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, our credit ratings have been downgraded. If our credit ratings were to be further downgraded, or general market conditions were to ascribe higher risk to our credit rating levels, our industry, or our Company, our access to capital and the cost of debt financing would be negatively impacted.
•Growth: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and could continue to impact, the pace and timing of our growth. The current environment has resulted in, and could continue to result in, difficulties for certain third-party hotel owners and franchisees to obtain commercially viable financing. The commitments of third-party owners, franchisees, and developers with whom we have agreements are subject to numerous conditions, and the eventual development and completion of construction of our pipeline properties is subject to numerous risks, including, in certain cases, obtaining adequate financing. In addition, we are experiencing construction and opening delays as a result of business activity restrictions and supply chain interruptions. As a result, some portion, or all, of our current development pipeline may not be completed and developed into new hotels and those hotels may not open when anticipated or at all, which would impact our net rooms growth. Further, our development pipeline may not grow at the same rate as in the past, and properties in our existing system-wide inventory may exit as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which would also negatively impact our net rooms growth. Even if we are able to successfully grow our pipeline, consumer demand for our rooms may remain depressed or improve at a slower rate than our pipeline growth, resulting in over-supply. In addition, if we cannot access the capital we need to fund our operations or implement our growth strategy, we may need to postpone or cancel planned renovations or developments, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and harm our business.
•Capital Markets Impact: The global stock markets have experienced, and may continue to experience, significant volatility as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the price of our common stock has been volatile since the onset of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic and the significant uncertainties it has caused for the global economy, business activity, and business confidence have had, and are likely to continue to have, a significant effect on the market price of securities generally, including our securities. In addition, certain debt covenants restrict our ability to make dividend payments to shareholders or engage in share repurchase activity.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is continuously evolving, and the continuation of the pandemic, any additional resurgence, or COVID-19 variants could precipitate or aggravate the other risk factors included in this annual report, which in turn could further materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and profitability, including in ways that are not currently known to us or that we do not currently consider to present significant risks.
Risks Related to the Hospitality Industry
We are subject to macroeconomic and other factors beyond our control as well as the business, financial, operating, and other risks of the hospitality industry, all of which may adversely affect our financial results and growth.
Macroeconomic and other factors beyond our control as well as the business, financial, operating, and other risks of the hospitality industry can adversely affect demand for hospitality products and services. This includes demand for rooms and services at our portfolio of properties. These factors include:
•changes and volatility in general economic conditions, including the severity and duration of any downturn in the U.S., Europe, Asia Pacific, or global economy and financial markets;
•war, political conditions or uncertainty, civil unrest, protests, terrorist activities or threats, and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to these events;
•global outbreaks of pandemics or contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or fear of such outbreaks;
•climate change and resource scarcity, such as water and energy scarcity;
•natural or man-made disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, oil spills, and nuclear incidents;
•changes in the desirability of particular locations or travel patterns of customers;
•decreased corporate budgets and spending and cancellations, deferrals, or renegotiations of group business;
•decreased demand for business-related travel due to innovations in business-related technology, such as virtual meetings and/or conferences;
•low consumer confidence, high levels of unemployment, and depressed housing prices;
•the financial condition of the airline, automotive, and other transportation-related industries and its impact on travel;
•decreased airline capacities and routes;
•increasing awareness around sustainability, the impact of air travel on climate change and the impact of over-tourism;
•travel-related accidents;
•oil prices and travel costs;
•statements, actions, or interventions by governmental officials related to travel and corporate travel-related activities and the resulting negative public perception of such travel and activities;
•domestic and international political and geo-political conditions, including changes in trade policy;
•changes in taxes and governmental regulations that influence or set wages, prices, interest rates, or construction and maintenance procedures and costs;
•the costs and administrative burdens associated with compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
•changes in operating costs, including, but not limited to, labor (including minimum wage increases), energy, food, workers' compensation, benefits, insurance, and unanticipated costs resulting from force majeure events;
•significant increases in cost for healthcare coverage for employees and potential government regulation with respect to health coverage;
•the lack of availability, or increase in the cost, of capital for us or our existing and potential property owners;
•the attractiveness of our properties and services to consumers and potential owners and competition from other hotels and alternative lodging marketplaces, including online accommodation search and/or reservation services, and wellness-related businesses;
•cyclical over-building in the hotel, all-inclusive, and vacation ownership industries; and
•organized labor activities, which could cause a diversion of business from hotels involved in labor negotiations and loss of group business for our hotels generally as a result of certain labor tactics.
These factors, and the reputational repercussions of these factors, can adversely affect, and from time to time have adversely affected, individual properties, particular regions, or our business as a whole. How we manage any one or more of these factors, or any crisis, could limit or reduce demand for the services we provide or the rates our portfolio of properties are
able to charge for rooms or services, which could adversely affect our financial results and growth. These factors can also increase our costs or affect our ability to develop new properties or maintain and operate our existing portfolio of properties.
The hospitality industry is cyclical and adverse global economic conditions or low levels of economic growth could adversely affect our revenues and profitability as well as cause a decline in or limitation of our future growth.
Consumer demand for our products and services is closely linked to the performance of the general economy and is sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels, and the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a number of trends that negatively impact consumer demand. Changes in consumer demand and general business cycles can subject, and have subjected, our revenues to significant volatility. Adverse general economic conditions, health and safety concerns, risks or restrictions affecting or reducing travel patterns, lower consumer confidence, high unemployment, or adverse political conditions can result in a decline in consumer demand, which can lower the revenues and profitability of our owned and leased properties and the amount of management and franchise fee revenues we are able to generate from our managed and franchised properties. In addition, expenses associated with managing, franchising, licensing, owning, or leasing hotels as well as residential, vacation, and condominium ownership units are relatively fixed. These costs include personnel costs, interest, rent, property taxes, insurance, and utilities, all of which may increase at a greater rate than our revenues and/or may not be able to be reduced at the same rate as declining revenues. Where cost-cutting efforts are insufficient to offset declines in revenues, we could experience a material decline in margins and reduced or negative cash flows. If we are unable to decrease costs significantly or rapidly when demand for our hotels and other properties decreases, the decline in our revenues could have a particularly adverse impact on our net cash flows and profits. This effect can be especially pronounced during periods of economic contraction or slow economic growth like the United States and other economies are currently experiencing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic downturns generally affect the results derived from owned and leased properties more significantly than those derived from managed and franchised properties due to the high fixed costs associated with operating an owned or leased property and the greater exposure owners have to the properties' performance. Our proportion of owned and leased properties, compared to the number of properties we manage or franchise for third-party owners and franchisees, is larger than that of many of our competitors and, as a result, an economic downturn, like the current one resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, could have a greater adverse effect on our results of operations. As a result, changes in consumer demand and general business cycles, like the current downturn, can subject, and have subjected, our revenues, earnings, and results of operations to significant volatility.
Uncertainty regarding the future rate and pace of economic growth in different regions of the world makes it difficult to predict future profitability levels. Additionally, if economic weakness were to affect any particular regions of the world, it could have an adverse impact on our revenues and negatively affect our profitability.
In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the hospitality industry's performance. Increased or excessive growth in lodging supply could further exacerbate the negative impact of the economic downturn resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and result in returns that are substantially below expectations or result in losses, which could materially and adversely affect our revenues, profitability, and future growth prospects.
Risks relating to natural or man-made disasters, contagious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, terrorist activity, and war could reduce the demand for lodging, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, and other man-made or natural disasters, as well as the spread or fear of spread of contagious diseases in locations where we own, lease, manage, or franchise significant properties and areas of the world from which we draw a large number of guests, could cause a decline in the level of business and leisure travel in certain regions or as a whole and reduce the demand for lodging, which may adversely affect our financial and operating performance, as has been the case with the COVID-19 pandemic. See also "Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic-The global COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material adverse impact on the travel industry generally and, as a result, on our business and results of operations, and these impacts may persist for an extended period of time or become more pronounced over time." Actual or threatened war, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife, and other geopolitical uncertainty could have a similar effect on our financial condition or our growth strategy. Any one or more of these events may reduce the overall demand for hotel rooms or limit the prices we can obtain for them, both of which could adversely affect our profits and financial results.
Risks Related to Our Business
Competition Risks
Because we operate in a highly competitive industry, our revenues, profits, or market share could be harmed if we are unable to compete effectively, and new distribution channels, alternatives to traditional hotels, and industry consolidation among our competitors may negatively impact our business.
The segments of the hospitality industry in which we operate are subject to intense competition. Our principal competitors are other operators of full service, select service, extended stay, all-inclusive, and wellness properties, including other major hospitality chains with well-established and recognized brands. Some of these major hospitality chains are larger than we are based on the number of properties or rooms they manage, franchise, own, or lease or based on the number of geographic locations in which they operate. Some of our competitors also have significantly more members participating in their loyalty programs which may enable them to attract more customers and more effectively retain such guests. Our competitors may also have greater financial and marketing resources than we do, which could allow them to improve their properties and expand and improve their marketing efforts in ways that could adversely affect our ability to compete for guests effectively. In addition to these competitors, we also compete against smaller hotel chains and independent and local hotel owners and operators.
Increasingly, we also face competition from new channels of distribution in the travel industry. Additional sources of competition include large companies that offer online travel services as part of their business model, such as Alibaba, search engines such as Google, and peer-to-peer inventory sources that allow travelers to book stays on websites that facilitate the short-term rental of homes and apartments from their owners, thereby providing an alternative to hotel rooms, such as Airbnb and HomeAway.
The hospitality industry has experienced significant consolidation, and we expect this trend may continue as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in a highly competitive and evolving industry. Consolidation by our competitors would give them increased scale and may enhance their capacity, abilities, and resources and lower their cost structure, causing us to be at a competitive disadvantage. If we lose market share or are not able to successfully attract third-party hotel owners to our brands as a result of this consolidation, our results of operations, cash flow, business, and overall financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Significant increases in the volume of sales made through third-party internet travel intermediaries could have an adverse impact on consumer loyalty to our brand and could negatively affect our revenues and profits.
We expect to continue to derive most of our business from traditional channels of distribution and our digital platforms. However, consumers worldwide routinely use internet travel intermediaries to book travel. Some of these intermediaries are attempting to increase the importance of generic quality indicators (such as "four-star downtown hotel") at the expense of brand identification. These intermediaries hope that consumers will eventually develop brand loyalties to their reservation systems rather than to our brands. Some of these intermediaries have launched their own loyalty programs to further develop loyalties to their reservation systems. In addition, these intermediaries typically obtain higher commissions or other potentially significant contract concessions, increasing the overall cost of these third-party distribution channels. If the volume of sales made through internet travel intermediaries continues to increase, consumers may develop stronger loyalties to these intermediaries rather than to our brands, our distribution costs could increase significantly, and our business revenues and profits could be harmed.
If we are unable to establish and maintain key distribution arrangements for our properties, the demand for our rooms and our revenues could fall.
Increasingly, the rooms at hotels and resorts that we manage, franchise, own, or lease are booked through third-party internet travel intermediaries and online travel service providers. We also engage third-party intermediaries, including travel agencies and meeting and event management companies, who collect fees by charging our hotels and resorts a commission on room revenues. A failure by our distributors to attract or retain their customer bases could lower demand for hotel rooms and, in turn, reduce our revenues. In addition, some of our distribution agreements are not exclusive, are short term, are terminable at will, or are subject to early termination provisions. The loss of distributors, increased distribution costs, or the renewal of distribution agreements on less favorable terms could adversely impact our business.
We compete for guests, management and franchise agreements, and residential, vacation, and condominium ownership properties based on a variety of factors.
We compete for guests at our hotels and our resorts and for customers of our services, based primarily on brand name recognition and reputation, location, customer satisfaction, room rates, quality of service, amenities, quality of accommodations, security, our cancellation policy, and the ability to earn and redeem loyalty program points.
We compete for management agreements based primarily on the value and quality of our management services, our brand name recognition and reputation, the level of our management fees, the cost of our system-wide services, the terms of our management agreements (including compared to the terms our competitors offer), and the economic advantages to the property owner of retaining our management services and using our brand name. We compete for franchise agreements based primarily on brand name recognition and reputation, the room rate that can be realized, the cost of our system-wide services, and royalty fees charged. Other competitive factors for management and franchise agreements are relationships with property owners and investors, availability and affordability of financing, marketing support, loyalty programs, reservation and e-commerce system capacity and efficiency, distribution channels, limitations on the expansion of one or more of our brands in certain geographic areas due to restrictions previously agreed to in order to secure management and franchise opportunities, and the ability to provide capital that may be necessary to obtain management and franchise agreements.
The residential, vacation, and condominium ownership properties which we manage, own, or to which we provide services or license our trademarks compete with other hotel and resort properties principally on the basis of location, quality of accommodations, price, financing terms, quality of service, terms of property use, opportunity to exchange for time at other vacation properties, as applicable, and brand name recognition and reputation. In addition, our residential and condominium ownership properties compete with peer-to-peer inventory sources that allow travelers to book stays on websites that facilitate the short-term rental of homes and apartments from owners, such as Airbnb, Vrbo, and Vacasa, and residential projects affiliated with branded hospitality companies. Our vacation ownership business also competes with national and independent vacation ownership club operators and owners reselling their interests in these properties, which could reduce demand or prices for new vacation ownership properties.
Operational Risks
Because we derive a portion of our revenues from operations outside the United States, the risks of doing business internationally, or in a particular country or region, could lower our revenues, increase our costs, reduce our profits, or disrupt our business.
We currently manage, franchise, own, or lease hotels and resorts in 69 countries around the world. Our operations outside the United States represented approximately 16% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020. The hotels and resorts we manage, franchise, own, or lease outside of the United States represent approximately 40% of the rooms in our system-wide inventory at December 31, 2020. Over the long term, we expect our international operations may account for an increasing portion of our total revenues and rooms.
As a result, we are subject to the risks of doing business outside the United States, including:
•the costs of complying with laws, regulations, and policies (including taxation policies) of foreign governments relating to investments and operations, the costs or desirability of complying with local practices and customs, and the impact of various anti-corruption and other laws affecting the activities of U.S. companies abroad;
•currency exchange rate fluctuations or currency restructurings;
•evolving local data residency requirements that require data to be stored only in and, in some cases, also to be accessed only from within, a certain jurisdiction;
•U.S. taxation of income earned abroad;
•limitations on the redeployment of non-U.S. earnings;
•import and export licensing requirements and regulations, as well as unforeseen changes in regulatory requirements, including imposition of tariffs or embargoes, export regulations, controls, and other trade restrictions;
•political and economic instability;
•health and safety protocols, including global care and cleanliness certifications, at our portfolio of properties;
•the complexity of managing an organization doing business in many jurisdictions;
•uncertainties as to local laws and enforcement of contract and intellectual property rights and occasional requirements for onerous contract clauses; and
•rapid changes in government, economic, and political policies; political or civil unrest; acts of terrorism; or the threat of international boycotts or U.S. anti-boycott legislation.
While these factors and the impact of these factors are difficult to predict, any one or more of them could lower our revenues, affect our operations, increase our costs, reduce our profits, or disrupt our business. For example, in 2020, our financial results were materially adversely affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic.
In addition, conducting business in currencies other than U.S. dollars subjects us to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, currency devaluations, or restructurings that could have a negative impact on our financial results. Our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations or currency restructurings is expected to continue to grow if the relative contribution of our operations outside the United States increases.
We occasionally enter into foreign exchange hedging agreements with financial institutions to reduce certain of our exposures to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. However, these hedging agreements may not eliminate foreign currency risk entirely and involve costs and risks of their own, such as ongoing management time and expertise and external costs related to executing hedging agreements.
The World of Hyatt loyalty program and our digital platforms build loyalty for our brands and drive hotel revenue which could be negatively impacted if we are unable to successfully operate the World of Hyatt loyalty program or further evolve the development and implementation of our digital platforms.
The World of Hyatt loyalty program is a platform for engagement with our most loyal guests, providing increased benefits and recognition as they continue to engage with Hyatt. We believe World of Hyatt will continue to develop loyalty by fostering personal relationships and creating emotional connections that inspire brand preference. The success of our business depends in part on attracting new consumers, enhancing digital platforms that are preferred by loyalty members, and on continuing participation in the loyalty program by loyalty members. If guests do not accept the loyalty program or if we are unable to operate the loyalty program successfully, our business could be adversely impacted. Further, our digital platforms are focused on driving outstanding guest experiences that differentiate Hyatt and drive revenue through direct bookings, but may not deliver all or part of the expected benefits. If our digital platforms do not evolve in a way that is able to adapt to future technology or keep pace with changes in consumer preferences, our hotel performance could become increasingly challenged.
Adverse incidents at, or adverse publicity concerning, our properties or our corporate responsibilities could harm our brands and reputation, as well as adversely affect our market share, business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Our brands and our reputation are among our most important assets. Our ability to attract and retain guests and colleagues depends, in part, upon the external perceptions of Hyatt, the quality of our hotels and services, and our corporate and management integrity. An incident involving the potential safety or security of our guests or colleagues, or adverse publicity regarding safety or security at our competitors' properties, or in respect of our third-party vendors or owners and the industry, and any media coverage resulting therefrom, may harm our brands and reputation, cause a loss of consumer confidence in Hyatt and the industry, and negatively impact our results of operations.
Additionally, our reputation could be harmed if we fail to, or are perceived to, not comply with various regulatory requirements or if we fail to act responsibly or are perceived as not acting responsibly in a number of areas such as health, safety and security, data security, diversity and inclusion, sustainability, responsible tourism, environmental stewardship, supply chain management, climate change, human rights, and philanthropy and support for local communities. We manage a broad range of corporate responsibility matters, taking into consideration their expected impact on the sustainability of our business over time, and the potential impact of our business on society and the environment. Adverse incidents with respect to our corporate responsibility efforts could impact the value of our brands or our reputation, the cost of our operations, and relationships with investors and stakeholders, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The continued expansion in the use and influence of social media has compounded the potential scope of the negative publicity that could be generated and could increase our costs, lead to litigation or governmental investigations, or result in negative publicity that could damage our reputation. Adverse incidents have occurred in the past and may occur in the future. Negative incidents could lead to tangible adverse effects on our business, including lost sales, boycotts, reduced enrollment and/or participation in the loyalty program, disruption of access to our digital platforms, loss of development opportunities, or
colleague retention and recruiting difficulties. Any decline in the reputation or perceived quality of our brands or corporate image could adversely affect our market share, business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Management, Franchising, Ownership, Development, and Financing Risks
If we are unable to maintain good relationships with third-party property owners and franchisees and/or if we terminate agreements with defaulting third-party property owners and franchisees, our revenues could decrease and we may be unable to maintain or expand our presence.
We earn fees for managing and franchising hotels and other properties and expect franchise ownership to continue to increase over time. The viability of our management and franchising business depends on our ability to establish and maintain good relationships with third-party property owners and franchisees. Third-party developers, property owners, and franchisees are focused on maximizing the value of their investment and working with a management company or franchisor that can help them be successful. The effectiveness of our management, the value of our brands, and the rapport we maintain with our third-party property owners and franchisees impact renewals of existing agreements and are also important factors for existing or new third-party property owners or franchisees considering doing business with us. Our relationships with these third parties generate additional management and franchise agreement expansion opportunities that support our growth. As such, if we are unable to maintain good relationships with these third parties, our revenues could decrease or we may be unable to maintain or expand our presence. In addition, if third-party property owners or franchisees breach the terms of our agreements with them, we may elect to exercise our termination rights, which would eliminate our revenues from these properties and cause us to incur expenses related to terminating these relationships. These risks become more pronounced during economic downturns, such as the current downturn resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Contractual and other disagreements with third-party property owners or franchisees could make us liable to them or result in litigation costs or other expenses, which could lower our profits.
Our management and franchise agreements require us and third-party property owners or franchisees to comply with operational and performance conditions that are subject to interpretation and could result in disagreements. Additionally, some courts have applied principles of agency law and related fiduciary standards to managers of third-party hotel properties like us, which means, among other things, that property owners may assert the right to terminate management agreements even where the agreements do not expressly provide for termination. In the event of any such termination, we may need to enforce our right to damages or negotiate damages that may not equal expected profitability over the term of the agreement.
We generally seek to resolve any disagreements with our third-party property owners or franchisees amicably. Formal dispute resolution occurs through arbitration, if provided under the applicable management or franchise agreement, or through litigation. We cannot predict the outcome of any such arbitration or litigation, the effect of any adverse judgment of a court or arbitrator against us, or the amount of any settlement we may enter into with any third party.
If our management or franchise agreements terminate prematurely or we elect to make cure payments due to failures to meet performance tests or upon the occurrence of other stated events, our revenues could decrease and our costs could increase.
Our management and franchise agreements may terminate prematurely in certain cases. Some of our management agreements provide early termination rights to owners of the hotels we manage upon the occurrence of a stated event, such as the sale of the hotel or our failure to meet a specified performance test.
Generally, termination rights under performance tests are based upon the property's individual performance, its performance when compared to a specified set of competitive hotels branded by other hotel operators, or both. Some agreements require a failure of one test, and other agreements require a failure of more than one test, before termination rights are triggered. These termination rights are usually triggered if we do not meet the performance tests over multiple years. Generally, we have the option to cure performance failures by making an agreed-upon cure payment. However, our cure rights may be limited in some cases, and the failure to meet the performance tests may result in the termination of our management agreement. In the past we have (1) failed performance tests, received notices of termination, and elected to make cure payments, (2) failed performance tests and negotiated an alternative resolution, and (3) failed performance tests and elected not to make a cure payment. When any termination notice is received, we evaluate all relevant facts and circumstances at the time in deciding whether to cure. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for more information related to performance test payments. In addition, some of our management agreements give third-party property owners the right to terminate upon payment of a termination fee to us after a certain period of time, upon sale of the property, or another stated event. Our franchise agreements typically require franchisees to pay a fee to us before terminating. In addition, if an owner files for bankruptcy, our management and franchise agreements may be terminable under
applicable law. If a management or franchise agreement terminates, we would lose the revenues we derive from that agreement and could incur costs related to ending our relationship with the third party and exiting the property.
Some of our existing development pipeline may not be developed into new hotels or may not open on the anticipated timeline, which could materially adversely affect our growth prospects.
At December 31, 2020, our executed contract base consisted of approximately 500 hotels, or approximately 101,000 rooms. The commitments of owners and developers with whom we have agreements are subject to numerous conditions, and the eventual development and construction of our pipeline not currently under construction is subject to numerous risks, including, in certain cases, obtaining governmental and regulatory approvals and adequate financing. As a result, we cannot assure you that our entire development pipeline will be completed and developed into new hotels or that those hotels will open when anticipated, which may impact our net rooms growth. We also cannot assure you that consumer demand will meet the new supply as hotels open. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and could continue to result in, difficulties for certain hotel owners and franchisees to obtain commercially viable financing, which may negatively impact our future development pipeline. See also "Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic- The global COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material adverse impact on the travel industry generally and, as a result, on our business and results of operations, and these impacts may persist for an extended period of time or become more pronounced over time."
If we or our third-party owners or franchisees are not able to maintain our current brand standards or we are not able to develop new initiatives, including new brands, successfully, our business and profitability could be harmed.
We manage and franchise properties owned by third parties under the terms of management and franchise agreements and expect franchise ownership to continue to increase significantly over time. These agreements require third-party property owners or franchisees to comply with standards that are essential to maintaining our brand integrity and reputation. We depend on third-party property owners or franchisees to comply with these requirements by maintaining and improving properties through investments, including investments in furniture, fixtures, amenities, and personnel. If our third-party property owners or franchisees fail to make investments necessary to maintain or improve the properties we manage or franchise, our brand preference and reputation could suffer. Moreover, third-party owners or franchisees may be unwilling or unable to incur the cost of complying with brand standards for new and existing brands as such brands may evolve from time to time. This could result in poor hotel performance or force us to absorb costs to ensure that brand standards come to market in a timely fashion or exert resources to terminate agreements with such third-party owners or franchisees. Moreover, as we continue to increase our franchised hotel presence, our ability to maintain brand standards may become increasingly challenging. Our ability to implement and maintain brand standards across our portfolio of properties is more challenging in the current operating environment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In addition, we are continually evaluating and executing new initiatives, including new brands or marketing programs. We have invested capital and resources in owned and leased real estate, property development, brand development, and brand promotion. If such initiatives are not well received by our colleagues, guests, and owners, they may not have the intended effect. We may not be able to recover the costs incurred in developing and launching new brands or other initiatives or to realize their intended or projected benefits, which could lower our profits.
Certain of our contractual arrangements with third-party owners require us to guarantee payments to the owners if specified levels of operating profit are not achieved by their hotels.
The terms of certain guarantees to hotel owners may require us to fund shortfalls if the hotels do not attain specified levels of operating profit. This guaranteed funding to hotel owners may not be recoverable to us and could lower our profits and reduce our cash flows. For example, we previously were subject to a performance guarantee for a portfolio of four managed hotels in France during the first seven years of the management agreements, pursuant to which we made payments to the owner over the term of the guarantee. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for more information related to our guarantees.
We are exposed to the risks resulting from significant investments in owned and leased real estate, which could increase our costs, reduce our profits, limit our ability to respond to market conditions, or restrict our growth strategy.
Our proportion of owned and leased properties, compared to the number of properties that we manage or franchise for third-party owners and franchisees, is larger than that of many of our competitors. Real estate ownership and leasing is subject to risks not applicable to managed or franchised properties which could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flow, business, and overall financial condition, including:
•governmental regulations relating to real estate ownership;
•real estate, insurance, zoning, tax, environmental, and eminent domain laws;
•the ongoing need for owner funded capital improvements and expenditures to maintain or upgrade properties;
•risks associated with mortgage debt, including the possibility of default, fluctuating interest rate levels, and the availability of replacement financing;
•risks associated with the possibility that cost increases will outpace revenue increases and that in the event of an economic slowdown, the high proportion of fixed costs will make it difficult to reduce costs to the extent required to offset declining revenues;
•fluctuations in real estate values or potential impairments in the value of our assets; and
•the relative illiquidity of real estate compared to some other assets.
We plan to sell selected properties; however, we may be unable to sell our selected properties at acceptable terms and conditions, if at all.
As part of our capital strategy, including our plan announced in March 2019 to sell $1.5 billion in owned assets by March 31, 2022, we plan, from time to time, to sell certain properties, subject to a management or franchise agreement, with the primary purpose of reinvesting the proceeds to support the growth of our business. As we actively market and look to sell selected properties, general economic conditions, such as the current downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic, along with property-specific issues may negatively affect the value of our properties or prevent us from selling the property on acceptable terms or prevent us from selling properties within our previously announced timeframe. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to consummate any such sales on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that we will realize any anticipated benefits from such sales. Real estate investments often cannot be sold quickly. Dispositions of real estate assets can be particularly difficult in a challenging economic environment, as financing alternatives are often limited for potential buyers. As a result, economic conditions may prevent potential purchasers from obtaining financing on acceptable terms, if at all, thereby delaying or preventing our ability to sell the properties selected for disposition. Our inability to sell assets, or to sell such assets at attractive prices, could have an adverse impact on our ability to realize proceeds for reinvestment, return of capital to shareholders, or repayment of debt, and ultimately to execute on our long-term strategy. In addition, even if we are successful in consummating sales of selected properties, such dispositions may result in losses. Further, as we continue to manage through the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, our level of indebtedness has increased and may continue to increase, and proceeds from any asset sales may be used to repay certain indebtedness.
We may seek to expand our business through acquisitions of and investments in other businesses and properties, or through alliances, and these activities may be unsuccessful or divert our management's attention.
We consider strategic and complementary acquisitions of and investments in other businesses, properties, brands, or other assets as part of our growth strategy. For example, in 2018, we acquired Two Roads Hospitality LLC ("Two Roads") and in 2017, we acquired Miraval. We may also pursue opportunities in alliance with existing or prospective owners of managed or franchised properties. In many cases, we will be competing for these opportunities with third parties that may have substantially greater financial resources than we do. Acquisitions of or investments in hospitality companies, businesses, properties, brands, or assets, as well as these alliances, are subject to risks that could affect our business, including risks related to:
•spending cash and incurring debt;
•assuming contingent liabilities;
•contributing properties or related assets to hospitality ventures that could result in recognition of losses;
•creating additional transactional and operating expenses; or
•issuing shares of stock that could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify opportunities or complete transactions on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that we will realize any anticipated benefits from such acquisitions, investments, or alliances. There may be high barriers to entry in many key markets and scarcity of available development and investment opportunities in desirable locations. Similarly, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain financing for acquisitions or investments on attractive terms or at all, or that the ability to obtain financing will not be restricted by the terms of our revolving credit facility or other indebtedness we may incur.
The success of any such acquisitions or investments will also depend, in part, on our ability to integrate the acquisition or investment with our existing operations. Inability to integrate completed acquisitions in an efficient and timely manner could result in reputational harm or have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Integration efforts may also take longer than we anticipate and involve unexpected costs. If we are unable to successfully integrate an acquired business, we may not realize the benefits that were expected at the time of acquisition. We may experience difficulty with integrating acquired businesses, properties, or other assets, including difficulties relating to:
•coordinating sales, distribution, loyalty, and marketing functions;
•effectively and efficiently integrating information technology and other systems;
•issues not discovered as part of the transactional due diligence process and/or unanticipated liabilities or contingencies of acquired businesses, including with respect to commercial disputes or cyber incidents and information technology failures or other matters; and
•preserving the important licensing, distribution, marketing, owner, customer, labor, and other relationships of the acquired assets.
In addition, as a result of any acquisition activity, we may assume management and franchise agreements with terms that are not as favorable as other agreements within our portfolio and may result in loss of business over time. Any such acquisitions, investments, or alliances could also demand significant attention from our management team that would otherwise be available for our regular business operations, which could harm our business.
Timing, budgeting, and other risks could result in delays or cancellations of our efforts to develop, redevelop, or renovate the properties that we own or lease, or make these activities more expensive, which could reduce our profits or impair our ability to compete effectively.
We must maintain and renovate the properties that we own and lease in order to remain competitive, maintain the value and brand standards of our properties, and comply with applicable laws and regulations. We also selectively undertake ground-up construction of properties together with hospitality venture partners in an effort to expand our brand presence. These efforts are subject to a number of risks, including:
•construction delays or cost overruns (including labor and materials) that may increase project costs;
•obtaining zoning, occupancy, and other required permits or authorizations;
•changes in economic conditions that may result in weakened or lack of demand or negative project returns;
•governmental restrictions on the size or kind of development;
•multi-year urban redevelopment projects, including temporary hotel closures, that may significantly disrupt hotel profits;
•force majeure events, including earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, tsunamis, or pandemics; and
•design defects that could increase costs.
Additionally, developing new properties typically involves lengthy development periods during which significant amounts of capital must be funded before the properties begin to operate and generate revenue. If the cost of funding new development exceeds budgeted amounts, and/or the time period for development is longer than initially anticipated, our profits could be reduced. Further, due to the lengthy development cycle, intervening adverse economic conditions may alter or impede our development plans, thereby resulting in incremental costs to us or potential impairment charges. Moreover, during the early stages of operations, charges related to interest expense and depreciation may substantially detract from, or even outweigh, the profitability of certain new property investments.
Similarly, the cost of funding renovations and capital improvements may exceed budgeted amounts. Additionally, the timing of renovations and capital improvements can affect, and historically has affected, property performance, including occupancy and ADR, particularly if we need to close a significant number of rooms or other facilities, such as ballrooms, meeting spaces, or restaurants. Moreover, the investments that we make may fail to improve the performance of the properties in the manner that we expect.
Economic and other conditions may adversely impact the valuation of our assets resulting in impairment charges that could have a material adverse impact on our results from operations.
We hold significant amounts of goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment, and investments. On a regular basis, we evaluate our assets for impairment based on various factors, including actual operating results, trends of projected revenues and profitability, and potential or actual terminations of underlying management and franchise agreements. During times of economic distress, declining demand and declining earnings often result in declining asset values. As a result, we have incurred impairment charges, and may incur charges in the future, which could be material and may adversely affect our earnings.
If our third-party property owners and franchisees, including our hospitality venture partners, are unable to repay or refinance loans secured by the mortgaged properties, our revenues, profits, and capital resources could be reduced and our business could be harmed.
Many of the properties owned by third-parties, franchisees, or our hospitality ventures are pledged as collateral for mortgage loans entered into when such properties were purchased or refinanced. If our third-party property owners, franchisees, or our hospitality venture partners are unable to repay or refinance maturing indebtedness on favorable terms or at all, the lenders could declare a default, accelerate the related debt, and repossess the property. Any sales or repossessions could, in certain cases, result in the termination of our management or franchise agreements and eliminate anticipated income and cash flows, which could negatively affect our results of operations.
If we or our third-party owners, franchisees, or development partners are unable to access the capital necessary to fund current operations or implement our plans for growth, our profits could be reduced and our ability to compete effectively could be diminished.
The hospitality industry is a capital-intensive business requiring significant capital expenditures to develop, operate, maintain, and renovate properties. Access to the capital that we or our third-party owners, franchisees, or development partners need to finance the construction of new properties or to maintain and renovate existing properties is critical to the continued growth of our business and our revenues.
The availability of capital or the conditions under which we or our third-party owners, franchisees, or development partners can obtain capital can have a significant impact on the overall level, cost, and pace of future development and therefore the ability to grow our revenues. The most recent economic downturn caused credit markets to experience significant disruption severely reducing liquidity and credit availability and the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and could continue to result in, difficulties for certain third-party hotel owners and franchisees to obtain commercially viable financing. Such disruptions may diminish the ability and desire of existing and potential development partners to access capital necessary to develop properties. Our ability to access additional capital could also be limited by the terms of our revolving credit facility, which restricts our ability to incur debt under certain circumstances. Additionally, if one or more of the financial institutions that support our revolving credit facility fail, we may not be able to find a replacement, which would reduce the availability of funds that we can borrow under the facility.
If we are forced to spend larger than anticipated amounts of cash from operating activities to operate, maintain, or renovate existing properties, then our ability to use cash for other purposes, including acquisition or development of other businesses, properties, brands, or other assets could be limited and our profits could be reduced. Similarly, if we cannot access the capital we need to fund our operations or implement our growth strategy, we may need to postpone or cancel planned renovations or developments, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and harm our business.
If we become liable for losses related to loans we have provided or guaranteed to third parties, our profits could be reduced.
At times, we make loans to our third-party hotel owners or franchisees for hotel development expenditures when we enter into management or franchise agreements with third parties, including hospitality ventures. In other circumstances, we may also provide senior secured financing or subordinated forms of financing (also referred to as mezzanine financing) to third-party owners or franchisees. We could suffer losses if third-party property owners or franchisees default on loans that we provide. Additionally, we may provide financial guarantees to third-party lenders related to the timely repayment of all or a portion of the associated debt of certain of our properties. The guarantees may be for the full amount of the debt or may be limited to a portion of the debt. We typically obtain reimbursement agreements from our partner(s) or other third parties with the intent to limit our exposure to our share of the debt. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for more information related to our loans and other financing arrangements and "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for more information related to our guarantees.
We are exposed to counterparty and credit risk and fluctuations in the market values of our investment portfolio.
Cash balances not required to fund our daily operating activities are invested in interest-bearing investments with a greater focus placed on capital preservation than on investment return. The majority of our cash and cash equivalent balances are held on deposit with high quality financial institutions that hold long-term ratings of at least BBB or Baa from S&P or Moody's, respectively, and in AAA-rated money market funds. As such, we are exposed to counterparty risk on our cash and cash equivalent balances. We also have established investment accounts for purposes of investing portions of cash resources for the World of Hyatt loyalty program, certain benefit programs, and our captive insurance company. Although we have not recognized any significant losses to date on these investments, any significant declines in their market values could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results. Credit ratings and pricing of these investments can be negatively affected by liquidity, credit deterioration, financial results, economic risk, political risk, sovereign risk, or other factors. As a result, the value and liquidity of our investments could decline and result in impairments, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results.
Technology and Information Systems Risks
Cyber risk and the failure to maintain the integrity of customer, colleague, or Company data could adversely affect our business, harm our reputation, and/or subject us to costs, fines, penalties, investigations, enforcement actions, or lawsuits.
We collect, use, and retain large volumes of customer data, including payment card numbers and other personal information for business, marketing, and other purposes, and our various information technology systems capture, process, summarize, and report such data. We also maintain personal information and other data about our colleagues. We store and process such customer, colleague, and Company data both at onsite facilities and at third-party owned facilities including, for example, in third-party hosted cloud environments. We also rely on the availability of information technology systems to operate our business, including communications, reservations, digital platforms, including the loyalty program, guest services, payments, and other general operations. The integrity and protection of customer, colleague, and Company data, as well as the continuous operation of our systems, are critical to our business. Our customers and colleagues expect we will adequately protect their personal information and that our services will be continuously available.
The regulations and contractual obligations applicable to security and privacy are increasingly demanding, both in the United States and in other jurisdictions where we operate, and cyber threat actors regularly target the hospitality industry. In addition, the scope and complexity of the cyber-threat landscape could affect our ability to adapt to and comply with changing regulatory obligations and expectations. Because of the scope and complexity of our information technology structure, our reliance on third parties to support and protect our structure and data, and the constantly evolving cyber-threat landscape, our systems may be vulnerable to disruptions, failures, unauthorized access, cyber-terrorism, human error, negligence, fraud, or other misuse. Moreover, our systems, colleagues, and customers may be targeted by social engineering attacks or account takeover tactics that may, among other things, aim to obtain funds or information fraudulently. These or similar occurrences, whether accidental or intentional, could result in an interruption in the operation of our systems or theft, unauthorized access, disclosure, loss, and fraudulent or unlawful use of customer, colleague, or Company data, all of which could impact our business, result in operational inefficiencies or loss of business, create negative publicity, cause harm to our reputation, or subject us to remedial and other costs, fines, penalties, investigations, enforcement actions, or lawsuits. Additionally, we increasingly rely on franchisees and licensees who operate their own networks and engage with their own service providers, and a security incident involving such networks could affect our reputation and result in operational inefficiencies or loss of business.
We have disclosed prior incidents involving cyber threat actors who have attacked our systems, as well as those operated by third-parties, to gain access to devices that process payment card or other data. We expect ongoing attempts to gain access to our systems and those operated by our third-party owners, franchisees, licensees, and vendors. We continue to use an evolving privacy and security risk management framework utilizing risk assessments to identify priorities for enhancements, including enhancement efforts that involve implementing technologies such as payment card tokenization and point-to-point encryption, advanced endpoint detection, network segmentation, and secure web and email gateways. While we implement security measures designed to safeguard our systems and data, and intend to continue implementing additional measures in the future, our implementation efforts may be incomplete or our measures may not be sufficient to maintain the confidentiality, security, or availability of the data we collect, store, and use to operate our business. We work to continuously evaluate our security posture throughout our business and make appropriate changes to our operating processes and improve our defenses. We maintain insurance designed to provide coverage for cyber risks related to the theft, loss, and fraudulent, or unlawful use of customer, colleague, or Company data in our systems, but future occurrences could result in costs and business impacts that may not be covered or may be in excess of any available insurance that we may have arranged. As a result, future incidents could have a material impact on our business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Information technology system failures, delays in the operation of our information technology systems, or system enhancement failures could reduce our revenues and profits and harm the reputation of our brands and our business.
Our success depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our information technology systems. For example, we depend on our central reservation system, which allows bookings by hotels directly, via telephone through our global contact centers, by travel agents, through our digital platforms, and through our online reservations partners. In addition, we depend on information technology to run our day-to-day operations, including, among others, hotel services and amenities such as guest check-in and check-out, housekeeping and room service, and systems for tracking and reporting our financial results and the financial results of our hotels.
Our information technology systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, floods, hurricanes, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, break-ins, and similar events. The occurrence of any of these natural or man-made disasters or unanticipated problems at any of our information technology facilities or any of our global contact centers could cause interruptions or delays in our business, loss of data, or render us unable to process reservations.
In addition, if our information technology systems are unable to provide the information communications capacity that we need or if our information technology systems suffer problems caused by installing system enhancements, we could experience similar failures or interruptions. If our information technology systems fail and our redundant systems or disaster recovery plans are not adequate to address such failures or if our property and business interruption insurance does not sufficiently compensate us for any losses that we may incur, our revenues and profits could be reduced and the reputation of our brands and our business could be harmed.
If we fail to stay current with developments in technology necessary for our business, our operations could be harmed and our ability to compete effectively could be diminished.
Sophisticated information technology and other systems are instrumental for the hospitality industry, including systems used for our central reservations, revenue management, property management, and global loyalty program, as well as technology systems that we make available to our guests. These information technology and other systems must be refined, updated, or replaced with more advanced systems on a regular basis. Developing and maintaining these systems may require significant capital. If we are unable to replace or introduce information technology and other systems as quickly as our competitors or within budgeted costs or schedules when these systems become outdated or require replacement, or if we are unable to achieve the intended benefits of any new information technology or other systems, our operations could be harmed and our ability to compete effectively could be diminished.
Hospitality Venture Risks
We have a limited ability to manage third-party risks associated with our hospitality venture investments, which could reduce our revenues, increase our costs, lower our profits, and/or increase our liabilities.
We participate in numerous hospitality ventures with third parties. We may also buy and develop properties in hospitality ventures with the sellers of the properties, affiliates of the sellers, developers, or other third parties. Our hospitality venture partners may have shared or majority control over the operations of our hospitality ventures. As a result, our investments in hospitality ventures involve risks that are different from the risks involved in investing in real estate independently. These risks include the possibility that our hospitality ventures or our partners:
•go bankrupt or otherwise are unable to meet their capital contribution obligations, especially in times of adverse economic conditions;
•have economic or business interests or goals that are or become inconsistent with our business interests or goals;
•are in a position to take action contrary to our instructions, our requests, our policies, our objectives, or applicable laws;
•subject the property to liabilities exceeding those contemplated;
•take actions that reduce our return on investment; or
•take actions that harm our reputation or restrict our ability to run our business.
For these and other reasons, it could be more difficult for us to sell our interest in any hospitality venture or to pursue the venture's activities, which could reduce our ability to address any problems we may have with those properties or respond to market conditions in the future and could lead to impairments of such investments. As a result, our investments in hospitality
ventures could lead to impasses with our partners or situations that could harm the hospitality venture, which could reduce our revenues, increase our costs, and lower our profits.
In addition, in conjunction with financing obtained for our hospitality ventures, we may provide completion guarantees, debt repayment guarantees, or standard indemnifications to lenders for loss, liability, or damage occurring as a result of our actions or actions of the other hospitality venture owners.
If our hospitality ventures fail to provide accurate and/or timely information that is required to be included in our financial statements, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results.
Preparing our financial statements requires us to have access to information regarding the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of our hospitality ventures. Any deficiencies in our hospitality ventures' internal controls over financial reporting may affect our ability to report our financial results accurately or prevent fraud. Such deficiencies could also result in restatements of, or other adjustments to, our previously reported or announced financial results, which could diminish investor confidence and reduce the market price for our shares. Additionally, if our hospitality ventures are unable to provide this information for any meaningful period or fail to meet expected deadlines, we may be unable to satisfy our financial reporting obligations or file our periodic reports in a timely manner.
Cash distributions from our hospitality ventures could be limited by factors outside our control that could reduce our return on investment and our ability to generate liquidity from these hospitality ventures.
Although our hospitality ventures may generate positive cash flow, in some cases, these hospitality ventures may be unable to distribute that cash to the hospitality venture partners. Additionally, in some cases, our hospitality venture partners control distributions and may choose to leave capital in the hospitality venture rather than distribute it. Because our ability to generate liquidity from our hospitality ventures depends on the hospitality ventures' ability to distribute capital to us, tax considerations or decisions of our hospitality venture partners could reduce our return on these investments. We include our pro rata share of Adjusted EBITDA attributable to our unconsolidated owned and leased hospitality ventures in our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA regardless of whether the cash flow of those ventures is, or can be, distributed to us.
Indebtedness Risks
Our debt service obligations may adversely affect our cash flow and reduce our operational flexibility and changes affecting the availability of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") may have consequences that we cannot yet reasonably predict.
The terms of the indenture governing our Senior Notes (as described in Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements") and those of our revolving credit facility subject us to the following:
•a risk that cash flow from operations will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest;
•restrictive covenants, including covenants related to certain financial ratios. See Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources" for further information related to restrictions under our financial covenants; and
•the risk that any increase in the interest rate applicable to any borrowings under our revolving credit facility could reduce our cash flows available for other corporate purposes, including investments in our portfolio, could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures, or could increase interest costs on any debt that is refinanced.
Although we anticipate we will be able to repay or refinance our existing indebtedness when it matures, there can be no assurance we will be able to do so, or that the terms of such refinancing will be favorable.
A substantial decrease in operating cash flow, consolidated EBITDA (as defined in our revolving credit facility), or a substantial increase in our expenses may make it difficult for us to meet our existing debt service requirements and restrictive covenants. As a result, we could be forced to sell assets and/or modify our operations. Our existing leverage may also impair our ability to obtain additional financing for acquisitions, working capital, capital expenditures, or other purposes, if necessary, or require us to accept terms otherwise unfavorable to us.
Additionally, a portion of our indebtedness, as well as certain derivative instruments and the terms of our revolving credit facility bear interest at fluctuating interest rates, some of which are tied to LIBOR. In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for calculation of LIBOR
after 2021. On November 30, 2020, the ICE Benchmark Administration, the FCA-regulated and authorized administrator of LIBOR, announced its intention to cease publication of 1 week and 2 month LIBOR settings at the end of 2021, with other USD settings to cease on June 30, 2023. As a result, LIBOR may perform differently than in the past and may ultimately cease to be utilized or to exist, either during or after 2021. Alternative benchmark rate(s) may replace LIBOR and could affect our agreements that rely on LIBOR, not all of which contain alternative rate provisions. Certain of our agreements rely on LIBOR and, at this time, it is not possible for us to predict the effect of any changes to LIBOR, any phase out of LIBOR, or any establishment of alternative benchmark rates. There is uncertainty about how we, the financial markets, applicable law, and the courts will address the replacement of LIBOR with alternative rates on contracts that do not include alternative rate provisions. In addition, any changes to benchmark rates may have an uncertain impact on our cost of funds, our receipts or payments under agreements that rely on LIBOR, and the valuation of derivative or other contracts to which we are a party, any of which could impact our results of operations and cash flows.
Rating agency downgrades may increase our cost of capital.
The interest rate on borrowings and the facility fee under our revolving credit facility are determined by a pricing grid, which is dependent in part on our credit ratings by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, a subsidiary of McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. ("S&P"), and Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"). Lower ratings result in a higher cost of funds. Therefore, if these independent rating agencies were to downgrade our credit ratings or if we no longer have a credit rating from either agency, the cost of our borrowing and the amount of the facility fee under our revolving credit facility will increase as specified in the pricing grid. In 2020, both rating agencies that cover us downgraded our credit rating as part of a sector downgrade resulting from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a negative impact on our cost of borrowing. Any future downgrade of our credit ratings by the rating agencies could reduce or limit our access to capital and further increase our cost of capital.
Risks Related to Laws, Regulations, and Insurance
Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may increase our costs, reduce our profits, or limit our growth.
Our business, properties, and colleagues are subject to a variety of laws and regulations around the globe. Generally, these laws and regulations address our sales and marketing and advertising efforts, our handling of privacy issues and customer data, our anti-corruption efforts, our ability to obtain licenses for business operations such as sales of food and liquor, and matters relating to immigration, the environment, health and safety, health care, gaming, competition, and trade, among other things. Our collection and use of personal data are governed by privacy laws and regulations, and privacy law is an area that changes often and varies significantly by jurisdiction. Increasingly, there is potential for increased exposure to fines, penalties, and civil judgments as a result of new privacy regulations. Compliance with applicable privacy regulations may increase our operating costs and/or adversely impact our ability to market our properties and services to our guests.
Our franchising and licensing businesses and our international operations are also subject to laws and regulations affecting those businesses:
Franchising
Our franchising business is subject to various laws, as well as to regulations enacted by the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC"). The FTC also regulates the manner and substance of our disclosures to prospective franchisees. In addition, a number of U.S. states and foreign countries require franchisors to register the franchise offering with the applicable governmental body and/or to make extensive disclosures to potential franchisees in connection with offers and sales of franchises in those states and countries. Further, a number of U.S. states and countries have "franchise relationship laws" or "business opportunity laws" that, among other restrictions, limit the ability of franchisors to terminate franchise agreements or to withhold consent to the renewal or transfer of agreements. Failure to comply with those laws, where applicable, can limit a franchisor's ability to enter into new franchise agreements or enforce the terms of existing franchise agreements and may create liability for fines, penalties, and civil judgments.
Vacation Ownership
Our licensed vacation ownership properties are subject to extensive state regulation in both the state in which the property is located and the states in which the property is marketed and sold. Marketing for these properties is also subject to federal regulation of certain marketing practices, including federal telemarketing regulations.
International Operations
Our business operations in countries outside the United States are subject to a number of U.S. federal laws and regulations, including restrictions imposed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") as well as trade sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC") and the Commerce Department. The FCPA is intended to prohibit bribery of foreign officials or parties and requires public companies in the United States to keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect those companies' transactions. OFAC and the Commerce Department administer and enforce economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign states, organizations, and individuals. Some of our business operations are also subject to the laws and regulations of non-U.S. jurisdictions, including the U.K. Bribery Act and anti-corruption legislation in the countries in which we conduct operations.
If we, or our hospitality ventures, fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be exposed to claims for damages, financial penalties, reputational harm, incarceration of our colleagues, or restrictions on our operation or ownership of hotels and other properties, including the termination of our management, franchise, and ownership rights. These restrictions could increase our costs of operations, reduce our profits, or cause us to forgo development opportunities that would otherwise support our growth.
Adverse judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved in the normal course of our business could reduce our profits or limit our ability to operate our business.
In the normal course of our business, we are often involved in various legal proceedings. The outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted. If any of these proceedings were to be determined adversely to us or a settlement involving a payment of a material sum of money were to occur, there could be a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, we could become the subject of future claims by third parties, including current or former third-party property owners or franchisees, guests who use our properties, our employees, our investors, or regulators. Any significant adverse judgments or settlements would reduce our profits and could limit our ability to operate our business. Further, we may incur costs related to claims for which we have appropriate third-party indemnity if such third parties fail to fulfill their contractual obligations.
Changes in federal, state, local, or foreign tax law, interpretations of existing tax law, or agreements or disputes with tax authorities could affect our profitability and financial condition by increasing our tax costs.
Our global operations subject us to income and non-income based taxes such as sales, use, value added, goods and services, payroll, property, and franchise taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Our future tax expenses and liabilities could be affected by changes in tax laws or the interpretation of the tax laws, as well as changes in our business operations. Our future tax expense could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in jurisdictions with differing tax rates, changes to our global transfer pricing methodology, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, including net operating losses, or changes in determinations regarding the jurisdictions in which we are subject to tax. From time to time, the U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign governments make substantive changes to tax rules and the application thereof, such as the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project ("BEPS") being undertaken by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Legislative and tax treaty changes and the interpretation thereof, including any new U.S. tax legislation put forth by the new administration, could result in materially higher corporate taxes than would be incurred under existing tax law or interpretation and could adversely impact profitability. State and local tax authorities have also increased their efforts to increase revenues through changes in tax law and audits. Such changes and proposals, if enacted, could increase our future tax liabilities.
We are subject to on-going and periodic audits by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and various state, local, and foreign tax authorities and currently are engaged in disputes with certain of such tax authorities. We are a party to certain agreements with tax authorities that reduce or defer the amount of tax we pay. The ultimate results of these agreements, or the expiration of such agreements, or changes in circumstances or in the interpretation of such agreements, could increase our tax costs. We believe we have established adequate reserves for potential tax liabilities, but the final amount of taxes, including interest and penalties, assessed and paid could exceed the amount of such reserves, which could reduce our profits and cash position.
Negotiations of collective bargaining agreements, attempts by labor organizations to organize additional groups of our colleagues, or changes in labor laws could disrupt our operations, increase our labor costs, or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies.
Certain of our properties are subject to collective bargaining agreements, similar agreements, or regulations enforced by governmental authorities. If relationships with our colleagues, other field personnel, or the unions that represent them become adverse, the properties we manage, own, or lease could experience labor disruptions such as strikes, lockouts, and public demonstrations. Labor disruptions, which are generally more likely when collective bargaining agreements are being renegotiated, could harm our relationship with our colleagues or cause us to lose guests. Further, adverse publicity in the marketplace related to union messaging could further harm our reputation and reduce customer demand for our services. Labor regulation, including minimum wage legislation, could lead to higher wage and benefit costs, changes in work rules that raise operating expenses, legal costs, and limitations on our ability or the ability of our third-party property owners and franchisees to take cost saving measures during economic downturns. Collective bargaining agreements may also limit our ability to make timely staffing or labor changes in response to declining revenues.
We and our third-party property owners and franchisees may also become subject to additional collective bargaining agreements in the future. Potential changes in the federal regulatory scheme could make it easier for unions to organize groups of our colleagues. If such changes take effect, more of our colleagues or other field personnel could be subject to increased organizational efforts, which could potentially lead to disruptions or require more of our management's time to address unionization issues. These or similar agreements, legislation, or changes in regulations could disrupt our operations, hinder our ability to cross-train and cross-promote our colleagues due to prescribed work rules and job classifications, reduce our profitability, or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies.
Our franchisees and their hotel operators also currently may be or may become subject to collective bargaining agreements. Labor disruptions, labor regulation, and negotiation of labor agreements may be disruptive to a franchisee's operations which could impact our franchised fee income or harm our reputation. We do not have the ability to control the negotiations of collective bargaining agreements covering unionized labor employed by third-party property owners and franchisees.
Any failure to protect our trademarks and intellectual property could reduce the value of our brand names and harm our business.
The reputation and perception of our brands are critical to our success in the hospitality industry. We regularly apply to register our trademarks in the United States and other countries. However, we cannot assure you that those trademark registrations will be granted or that the steps we take to protect our trademarks or intellectual property in the United States and other countries will be adequate to prevent others, including third parties or former colleagues, from copying or using our trademarks or intellectual property without authorization. Our intellectual property is also vulnerable to unauthorized use in some countries outside the United States, where we may not be adequately protected by local law. If our trademarks or intellectual property are copied or used without authorization, the value of our brands, their reputation, our competitive advantages, and our goodwill could be harmed.
Monitoring the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult. We may need to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights. Litigation of this type could be costly, force us to divert our resources, lead to counterclaims or other claims against us, or otherwise harm our business.
Third-party claims that we infringe their intellectual property rights could subject us to damages and other costs and expenses.
Third parties may make claims against us for infringing their intellectual property rights. Any such claims, even those without merit, could:
•be expensive and time consuming to defend;
•force us to stop providing products or services that use the intellectual property that is being challenged;
•force us to redesign or rebrand our products or services;
•divert our management's attention and resources;
•force us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements to obtain the right to use a third-party's intellectual property; or
•force us to pay significant damages.
In addition, we may be required to indemnify third-party owners and franchisees of the hotels we manage or franchise for any losses they incur as a result of any such third-party infringement claims. Any necessary royalty or licensing agreements may not be available to us on acceptable terms. Any costs, lost revenues, changes to our business, or management attention related to intellectual property claims against us, whether successful or not, could impact our business.
The extensive environmental requirements to which we are subject could increase our environmental costs and liabilities, reduce our profits, or limit our ability to run our business.
Our operations and properties are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations of various federal, state, local, and foreign governments, including requirements addressing:
•health and safety;
•the use, management, storage, and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes;
•discharges of waste materials into the environment, such as refuse or sewage;
•water discharge and supply; and
•air emissions.
We could be subject to liability under some of these laws for the costs of investigating or remediating hazardous substances or wastes on, under, or in real property we currently or formerly manage, own, or develop, or third-party sites where we sent hazardous substances or wastes for disposal. We could be held liable under these laws regardless of whether we knew of, or were at fault in connection with, the presence or release of any such hazardous or toxic substances or wastes. Some of these laws make each covered person responsible for all of the costs involved, even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination. Furthermore, a person who arranges for hazardous substances or wastes to be transported, disposed of, or treated offsite, such as at disposal or treatment facilities, may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation if those substances are released into the environment by third parties at such disposal or treatment facilities. The presence or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, or the failure to properly clean up such materials, could cause us to incur significant costs, or jeopardize our ability to develop, use, sell, or rent real property we own, lease, or operate or to borrow using such property as collateral.
Other laws and regulations require us to manage, abate, or remove materials containing hazardous substances such as mold, lead, or asbestos during demolitions, renovations, or remodeling at properties that we manage, own, lease, or develop or to obtain permits for certain of our equipment or operations. The costs of such management, abatement, removal, or permitting could be substantial. Further, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from violations of environmental regulations or from contamination associated with one or more of our properties. Complying with these laws and regulations, or addressing violations arising under them, could increase our environmental costs and liabilities, reduce our profits, or limit our ability to run our business. Existing environmental laws and regulations may be revised or reinterpreted or new more stringent laws and regulations related to global climate change, air quality, or other environmental, health, and safety concerns may be adopted or become applicable to us. The identification of new areas of contamination, a change in the extent or known scope of contamination or changes in cleanup requirements, or the adoption of
new requirements governing our operations could have a material adverse effect on our results or operations, financial condition, and business.
If the insurance that we, our owners, hospitality ventures, franchisees, or licensees carry does not sufficiently cover damage or other potential losses or liabilities involving properties that we own, lease, manage, or franchise, our profits could be reduced.
We, our owners, hospitality ventures, and our franchisees and licensees carry insurance from solvent insurance carriers that we believe is adequate for foreseeable losses and with terms and conditions that are reasonable and customary. Nevertheless, market forces beyond our control could limit the scope of the insurance coverage that we, our owners, hospitality ventures, our franchisees, or licensees can obtain or restrict our ability, our owners', our hospitality ventures', our franchisees', or licensees' ability to buy insurance coverage at reasonable rates. In the event of a substantial loss, the insurance coverage that we, our owners, hospitality ventures, franchisees, or licensees carry may not be sufficient to pay the full value of our financial obligations, our liabilities, or the replacement cost of any lost investment or property loss. In addition, there are other risks or losses, such as those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, that may fall outside of the general coverage limits of our policies, may be uninsurable, or with respect to which the cost of insurance is too expensive to justify. In some cases, these factors could result in certain losses being completely uninsured. As a result, we could lose some or all of the capital we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenues, profits, management fees, franchise fees, or license fees from the property, we could remain obligated for performance guarantees in favor of third-party property owners and franchisees or for their debt or other financial obligations, suffer an uninsured or underinsured property loss, or we may not have sufficient insurance to cover awards or damages resulting from our liabilities. If the insurance that we, our owners, hospitality ventures, franchisees, or licensees carry does not sufficiently cover damages or other losses or liabilities, our profits could be adversely affected.
The Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 could result in investigations by the U.S. Government against our Company and could harm our reputation and brands.
The Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 ("ITRSHR Act") expanded sanctions against Iran and Syria. In addition, the ITRSHR Act instituted disclosure requirements in annual and quarterly reports for public companies engaged in, or affiliated with an entity engaged in certain activities involving the Government of Iran, or involving other entities and persons targeted under certain OFAC sanctions, or otherwise involving specified activities under the ITRSHR Act. A company subject to Section 219 of the ITRSHR Act must make detailed disclosures about certain activities knowingly conducted by it or any of its affiliates. We did not identify any 2020 activities required to be disclosed. In the event Hyatt were to engage in certain activities that are subject to disclosure pursuant to Section 219 of the ITRSHR Act and Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, we would be required to separately file, concurrently with any ITRSHR Act disclosure, a notice to the SEC that such activities were disclosed in our quarterly or annual report filings, which notice must also contain the information required by Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. The SEC is required to post this notice of disclosure on its website and send the report to the President and certain Congressional committees. The President thereafter is required to initiate an investigation and, within 180 days of initiating such an investigation, to determine whether sanctions should be imposed on the Company. Disclosure of such activities, even if they are not subject to sanctions under applicable law, and any sanction actually imposed on us or our affiliates as a result of these activities, could harm our reputation and brands and have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Risks Related to Share Ownership and Other Stockholder Matters
Our stock price has been and is likely to continue to be volatile, and holders of Class A common stock may not be able to resell shares at or above the price paid.
The stock market in general, and hospitality companies in particular, including us, have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the underlying businesses. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market, or political conditions, could reduce the market price of shares of our Class A common stock in spite of our operating performance. In addition, companies that own or lease a greater proportion of properties have at times experienced disproportionate volatility and price and volume fluctuations, and we expect this dynamic to continue. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.
In addition to the risks described in this section, several factors that could cause the price of our Class A common stock in the public market to fluctuate significantly include, among others, the following:
•quarterly variations in our operating results compared to market expectations;
•annual variations in our operating results compared to our guidance;
•withdrawals or suspensions of our guidance;
•announcements of acquisitions of or investments in other businesses and properties or dispositions;
•announcements of new services or products or significant price reductions by us or our competitors;
•size of our public float;
•future conversions to and sales of our Class A common stock by current holders of Class B common stock in the public market, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares of Class B common stock intend to sell shares;
•stock price performance of our competitors;
•fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes in the United States and abroad;
•low investor confidence;
•default on our indebtedness or foreclosure of our properties;
•changes in senior management or key personnel;
•downgrades or changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or negative reports published by securities analysts about our business or the hospitality industry in general;
•negative earnings or other announcements by us or other hospitality companies;
•downgrades in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our competitors;
•issuances or repurchases of equity or debt securities;
•a decision to pay or not to pay dividends;
•cyber incidents and information technology failures;
•terrorist activities or threats of such activities, civil or political unrest, or war; and
•global economic, legal, and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance.
Volatility in the market price of our Class A common stock may prevent investors from being able to sell their Class A common stock at or above the price at which they purchased the stock. As a result, investors may suffer a loss on their investment.
Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company's securities. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs, reduce our profits, divert our management's attention and resources, and harm our business.
There can be no assurance that we will declare or pay dividends in the future or that we will repurchase shares pursuant to our share repurchase program consistent with historical amounts or at all.
We suspended all dividend payments beginning in the second quarter of 2020, and suspended all share repurchase activity effective March 3, 2020. The terms of the Revolver Amendment restrict our ability to pay dividends and repurchase shares through the first quarter of 2021. Our dividend policy or share repurchase program may change from time to time, and we may not declare dividends or repurchase shares in any particular amounts, in amounts consistent with historical practice, or at all. Our repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any specific dollar amount or to acquire any specific number of shares and the timing and amount of repurchases, if any, will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, applicable debt covenants, the timing and amount of cash proceeds from asset dispositions, the timing and amount of any like-kind exchange transactions and other tax-planning matters, the trading price of our common stock, the nature of other investment opportunities, and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. A reduction in or elimination of our dividend payments or repurchase activity could have a negative effect on our stock price, increase volatility, or fail to enhance shareholder value. The actual declaration and payment of future dividends, the amount of any such dividends, and the establishment of record and payment dates, if any, are subject to determination by our board of directors after its review of our business strategy, applicable debt covenants, financial performance and position, and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. Our declaration and payment of future dividends is subject to risks and uncertainties, including: deterioration of our financial performance or position, inability to declare a
dividend in compliance with applicable laws or debt covenants, an increase in our cash needs or decrease in available cash, and the business judgment of the board of directors that a declaration of a dividend is not in the best interest of our shareholders.
Reports published by securities or industry analysts, including projections in those reports that exceed our actual results, could adversely affect our stock price and trading volume.
Securities research analysts have established and publish their own quarterly projections for our business. These projections may vary widely from one another and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our stock price may decline if our actual results do not match securities research analysts' projections. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who writes reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, or the hospitality industry in general, our stock price could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our Company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, our stock price or trading volume could decline.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law, as well as agreements with our major stockholders, may discourage or prevent a change of control, even if a sale of Hyatt would be beneficial to our stockholders, which could cause our stock price to decline and prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current board of directors or management.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as agreements with our major stockholders, contain provisions that may make it difficult to remove our board of directors and management and may discourage or delay "change of control" transactions that certain stockholders may view as beneficial or could involve the payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our Class A common stock. These provisions include, among others:
•Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for a dual class ownership structure, in which our Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. As a result of this structure, our major stockholders have significant influence or actual control over matters requiring stockholder approval.
•Voting agreements entered into with or among our major stockholders require these stockholders to vote their shares consistent with the recommendation of our board of directors, assuming in certain instances that a majority of a minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) or, in the case of transactions involving us and an affiliate, all of such minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker) agree with the recommendation. While the voting agreements are in effect, they may provide our board of directors with effective control over matters requiring stockholder approval.
•Lock-up agreements entered into with stockholders party to our 2007 Stockholders' Agreement limit the ability of these stockholders to sell their shares to any person who would be required to file a Schedule 13D with the SEC disclosing an intent to acquire the shares other than for investment purposes and, in certain instances, to competitors of ours in the hospitality, lodging, or gaming industries.
•Stockholders party to our 2007 Stockholders' Agreement have agreed, subject to certain limited exceptions, to "standstill" provisions that prevent the stockholders from acquiring additional shares of our common stock, making or participating in acquisition proposals for us, or soliciting proxies in connection with meetings of our stockholders, unless the stockholders are invited to do so by our board of directors.
•Our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving for a staggered three-year term, which prevents stockholders from electing an entirely new board of directors at an annual meeting.
•Our directors may be removed only for cause, which prevents stockholders from being able to remove directors without cause other than those directors who are being elected at an annual meeting.
•Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. As a result, holders of our Class B common stock will control the election of directors and the ability of holders of our Class A common stock to elect director candidates will be limited.
•Vacancies on our board of directors, and any newly created director positions created by the expansion of the board of directors, may be filled only by a majority of remaining directors then in office.
•Actions to be taken by our stockholders may only be effected at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders and not by written consent.
•Special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by the Chairman of the Board or by our corporate secretary at the direction of our board of directors.
•Advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors and propose matters to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer's own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our Company.
•Our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue series of preferred stock, or rights to acquire preferred stock, that could dilute the interest of, or impair the voting power of, holders of our common stock or could also be used as a method of discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change of control.
•An affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote is required to amend any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws.
Pritzker family business interests have substantial control over us and have the ability to control the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders for approval, which will limit your ability to influence corporate matters or result in actions that you do not believe to be in our interests or your interests.
Our Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. At January 31, 2021, Pritzker family business interests beneficially own, in the aggregate, 59,768,523 shares, or approximately 96.3%, of our Class B common stock, and 127,436 shares, or 0.3%, of Class A common stock, representing approximately 59.1% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and approximately 90.6% of the total voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, consistent with the voting agreements contained in the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement and the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement, Pritzker family business interests will be able to exert a significant degree of influence or actual control over our management and affairs and over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, a merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and any other significant transaction. While the voting agreements are in effect, they may provide our board of directors with the effective control over matters requiring stockholder approval. Because of our dual class ownership structure, Pritzker family business interests will continue to exert a significant degree of influence or actual control over matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own less than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters, and the interests of Pritzker family business interests may not coincide with our interests or your interests. As a result, we may take actions that you do not believe to be in our interests or your interests and that could depress our stock price. See also "-Voting agreements entered into with or among our major stockholders, including Pritzker family business interests, will result in a substantial number of our shares being voted consistent with the recommendation of our board of directors, and may limit your ability to influence the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders for approval."
In addition, the difference in the voting rights between our Class A common stock and Class B common stock could diminish the value of the Class A common stock to the extent that investors or any potential future purchasers of our common stock ascribe value to the superior voting rights of the Class B common stock.
Disputes among Pritzker family members and among Pritzker family members and the trustees of the Pritzker family trusts may result in significant distractions to our management, disrupt our business, have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock, and/or generate negative publicity about Hyatt and the Pritzker family.
In the past, disputes have arisen between and among certain Pritzker family members, and between and among beneficiaries of the Pritzker family trusts and the trustees of such trusts, with respect to, among other things, the ownership, operation, governance, and management of certain Pritzker family business interests. In connection with certain of these disputes, claims were alleged, and in certain cases, proceedings were initiated, against certain Pritzker family members, including Thomas J. Pritzker, our executive chairman, and other Pritzker family members, some of whom have been or are our directors, and against the trustees, including Thomas J. Pritzker in his former capacity as a co-trustee of the Pritzker family U.S. situs trusts. Such past allegations related to, among others, trust management and administration and violations of certain trustee duties, including fiduciary duties. Some of these disputes led to significant negative publicity for the Pritzker family. These disputes were resolved with no admissions or finding of any misconduct.
Disputes among Pritzker family members, and between and among beneficiaries of the Pritzker family trusts and the trustees of such trusts, including with respect to Hyatt, may arise or continue in the future. If such disputes occur, they may result in significant distractions to our management, disrupt our business, have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock, and/or generate negative publicity about Hyatt and Pritzker family members, including Pritzker family members involved with Hyatt.
Voting agreements entered into with or among our major stockholders, including Pritzker family business interests, will result in a substantial number of our shares being voted consistent with the recommendation of our board of directors, and may limit your ability to influence the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders for approval.
Pritzker family business interests, which beneficially own at January 31, 2021, directly or indirectly, 59,895,959 shares, or 59.1% of our total outstanding common stock and control approximately 90.6% of our total voting power, have entered into a voting agreement with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by Pritzker family business interests. During the term of the voting agreement, which expires on the date upon which more than 75% of the Company's fully diluted shares of common stock is owned by non-Pritzker family business interests, Pritzker family business interests have agreed to vote their shares of our common stock consistent with the recommendation of our board of directors with respect to all matters (assuming agreement as to any such matter by a majority of a minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker)) or, in the case of transactions involving us and an affiliate, assuming agreement of all of such minimum of three independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker). In addition, at January 31, 2021, the stockholders party to the 2007 Stockholder's Agreement beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 3.7% of our outstanding Class B common stock, representing approximately 3.4% of the total voting power of our outstanding common stock. Pursuant to the 2007 Stockholder's Agreement, the stockholders party thereto have entered into a voting agreement with us, with respect to the shares of common stock that they beneficially own, and have agreed to vote their shares of common stock consistent with the recommendation of our board of directors, without any separate requirement that our independent directors agree with the recommendation. These voting agreements expire on the date that Thomas J. Pritzker is no longer chairman of our board of directors. See Part I, Item 1, "Business-Stockholder Agreements."
While the voting agreements are in effect, they may provide our board of directors with effective control over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, a merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and any other significant transaction. This is because the number of our shares that are required by the voting agreements to be voted consistent with the recommendation of our board of directors will be sufficient to determine the outcome of the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders for approval. This will limit your ability to influence the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders for approval, even if you do not believe those actions to be in our interests or your interests. For instance, the voting agreements may have the effect of delaying or preventing a transaction that would result in a change of control, if our board of directors does not recommend that our stockholders vote in favor of the transaction, even if you or some or all of our major stockholders believe that the transaction is in our interests or your interests. On the other hand, the voting agreements may result in our stockholders approving a transaction that would result in a change of control, if our board of directors recommends that our stockholders vote in favor of the transaction, even if you or some or all of our major stockholders believe that the transaction is not in our interests or your interests.
A significant number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of Class B common stock could be sold into the market, which could depress our stock price even if our business is doing well.
Future sales in the public market of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of Class B common stock, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares of Class B common stock intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Class A common stock. At January 31, 2021, we had 39,261,233 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and 62,038,918 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.
At January 31, 2021, 37,811,649 shares of Class A common stock are freely tradable in the public market without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") unless these shares are held by any of our "affiliates," as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act ("Rule 144"). The remaining 1,449,584 outstanding shares of Class A common stock and 62,038,918 outstanding shares of Class B common stock are deemed "restricted securities," as that term is defined in Rule 144. Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if they are registered under the Securities Act or they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 under the Securities Act ("Rule 701"). Of these restricted securities, 2,270,395 shares of Class B common stock are held by shareholders party to the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement and are otherwise eligible to be sold at any time, subject to the applicable rights of first refusal, "drag along" rights and other restrictions contained in the 2007 Stockholders' Agreement. See Part I, Item 1, "Business-Stockholder Agreements-2007 Stockholders' Agreement." Another 1,422,153 shares of Class A common stock that are deemed restricted securities are otherwise eligible to be sold at any time.
The rest of the restricted securities, consisting of 59,768,523 shares of Class B common stock and 27,431 shares of Class A common stock, together with 100,005 shares of Class A common stock previously registered, are subject to contractual lock-up and certain other restrictions contained in the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement and the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement as described in Part I, Item 1, "Business-Stockholder Agreements." These contractual restrictions may be amended, waived, or terminated by the parties to those agreements in accordance with the terms of such agreements without our consent and without notice; the 25% limitation on sales of our common stock may, with respect
to each 12 month period, be increased to a higher percentage or waived entirely by the unanimous affirmative vote of our independent directors (excluding for such purposes any Pritzker). All such shares of Class A common stock, including shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock, will be eligible for resale in compliance with Rule 144 or Rule 701 to the extent the lock-up restrictions contained in the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement or the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement, as applicable, are waived or terminated with respect to such shares.
Assuming the lock-up restrictions contained in the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement and the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement are not amended, waived, or terminated and that there are no transfers of shares amongst Pritzker family stockholders, and further assuming the parties to these agreements sell the maximum amount permitted to be sold during the first time period that such shares are eligible to be sold as set forth below, and subject to any applicable restrictions contained in such agreements and the provisions of Rule 144 and/or Rule 701, the securities eligible to be sold by Pritzker family stockholders under the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement and the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement will be available for sale in the public market as follows:
Time Period Number of Shares*
During the 12 month period from November 5, 2020 through November 4, 2021 17,314,426
During the 12 month period from November 5, 2021 through November 4, 2022 12,886,192
During the 12 month period from November 5, 2022 through November 4, 2023 7,498,371
During the 12 month period from November 5, 2023 through November 4, 2024 6,419,886
During the 12 month period from November 5, 2024 through November 4, 2025 6,419,886
During the 12 month period from November 5, 2025 through November 4, 2026 6,271,290
During the 12 month period from November 5, 2026 through November 4, 2027 3,085,908
*The foregoing numbers are based on information at January 31, 2021 and assume that the maximum number of shares permitted to be sold during each period set forth above are, in fact, sold during each such period. To the extent any shares are not sold during the first time period that such shares are eligible to be sold as described above, the number of shares that may be sold in subsequent time periods may change.
In addition, at December 31, 2020, 8,109,881 shares of our Class A common stock were reserved for issuance under the Fourth Amended and Restated Hyatt Hotels Corporation Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended, the "LTIP"). These shares of Class A common stock will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued or awarded under our LTIP, subject to provisions of various award agreements and Rule 144, as applicable. In addition, 919,397 shares of our Class A common stock were reserved for issuance under the Hyatt Hotels Corporation Second Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), 1,169,195 shares of our Class A common stock remained available for issuance pursuant to the Amended and Restated Hyatt Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan ("DCP"), and 300,000 shares of Class A common stock remained available for issuance pursuant to the Hyatt International Hotels Retirement Plan (commonly known as the Field Retirement Plan) ("FRP").
If any of these holders causes a large number of securities to be sold in the public market, the sales could reduce the trading price of our Class A common stock. These sales also could impede our ability to raise future capital. See also "-If holders of shares of our Class B common stock convert their shares of Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock and exercise their registration rights, a significant number of shares of our Class A common stock could be sold into the market, which could reduce the trading price of our Class A common stock and impede our ability to raise future capital."
We also may issue shares of our Class A common stock from time to time as consideration for future acquisitions and investments. If any such acquisition or investment is significant, the number of shares that we may issue may in turn be significant.
If holders of shares of our Class B common stock convert their shares of Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock and exercise their registration rights, a significant number of shares of our Class A common stock could be sold into the market, which could reduce the trading price of our Class A common stock and impede our ability to raise future capital.
Holders of 62,038,918 shares of our Class B common stock (or 61.2% of our total outstanding shares of common stock at January 31, 2021), including Pritzker family business interests, have rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements registering sales of shares of Class A common stock acquired upon conversion of such Class B common stock or to include sales of such shares of Class A common stock in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or for other stockholders. In order to exercise such registration rights, the holder must be permitted to sell shares of its common stock under applicable lock-up restrictions. See "-A significant number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of Class B common stock could be sold into the market, which could depress our stock price even if our business is doing well" and Part I, Item 1, "Business-Stockholder Agreements" for additional information with respect to these lock-up provisions. Subject to compliance with applicable lock-up agreements, shares of Class A common stock sold under the registration statements can be freely sold in the public market. In the event such registration rights are exercised and a large number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock are sold in the public market, such sales could reduce the trading price of our Class A common stock. These sales also could impede our ability to raise future capital. Additionally, we will bear all expenses in connection with any such registrations (other than underwriting discounts).
Following our decision in May 2020 to file a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act, certain stockholders party to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2009, among Hyatt and the Pritzker family business interests party thereto, elected to exercise their piggyback registration rights with respect to 13,347,885 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock. On May 21, 2020, the Company filed an automatic effective shelf registration statement with the SEC to register the resale of such aggregate 13,347,885 shares. In connection with such registration, all other holders of registration rights, including trustees of trusts for the benefit of Thomas J. Pritzker and his lineal descendants (including Jason Pritzker), elected not to exercise their piggyback registration rights.
Subsequent to November 2020,(i) a limited partnership and a trust, each for the benefit of Daniel F. Pritzker and/or certain of his lineal descendants, and Daniel F. Pritzker, individually, engaged in sales, charitable contributions and similar transactions representing an aggregate of 583,333 shares of Class A common stock and/or Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock and (ii) the Anthony N. Pritzker Family Foundation engaged in sales representing an aggregate of 299,027 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock. After giving effect to these transactions, as well as sales prior to November 2020 by (a) a limited partnership and a trust, each for the benefit of Daniel F. Pritzker and/or certain of his lineal descendants, that resulted in such entities holding fewer shares than are registered for resale on the May 2020 shelf registration statement, and (b) the Anthony N. Pritzker Family Foundation that resulted in such entity no longer holding any shares registered for resale on the May 2020 shelf registration statement, as of the date of this filing, 11,019,678 shares of the 13,347,885 shares originally registered for resale on the May 2020 shelf registration statement continue to be eligible to be sold pursuant to the May 2020 shelf registration statement during the 12 month period commencing November 5, 2020 through November 4, 2021 under the lock-up restrictions contained in the Amended and Restated Global Hyatt Agreement and the Amended and Restated Foreign Global Hyatt Agreement. Subsequent to November 4, 2021, and assuming no further sales, 11,019,678 shares of the 13,347,885 shares originally registered for resale on the May 2020 shelf registration statement will continue to be eligible to be sold pursuant to the May 2020 shelf registration statement. Additional shares may be registered on the shelf registration statement in the future as such shares are eligible to be sold in accordance with the registration rights agreements and lock-up restrictions. See "-A significant number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of Class B common stock could be sold into the market, which could depress our stock price even if our business is doing well" for additional information with respect to the lock-up provisions.
The sale of shares registered under the registration statement in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur could reduce the trading price of our Class A common stock or impede our ability to raise future capital.
Non-U.S. holders who own more than 5% of our Class A common stock or substantial amounts of our Class B common stock may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on the disposition of such stock.
Because we have significant U.S. real estate holdings, we may be a "United States real property holding corporation" ("USRPHC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but we have made no determination to that effect. There can be no assurance that we do not currently constitute or will not become a USRPHC. As a result, a "non-U.S. holder" may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on a disposition of our Class A common stock if such non-U.S. holder has owned, actually or constructively (through certain family members, related entities and options), more than 5% of our Class A common stock at any time during the shorter of (a) the five-year period ending on the date of disposition and (b) the non-U.S. holder's holding period in such stock.
If we were or were to become a USRPHC, a non-U.S. holder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on the disposition of our Class B common stock. Such tax would apply if on the date such non-U.S. holder actually or constructively acquired Class B common stock, and on any date on which such non-U.S. holder acquires additional Class B common stock, the aggregate fair market of the Class B common stock it actually and constructively owns is greater than 5% of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on such date. Certain dispositions of substantial amounts of Class B common stock by non-U.S. holders may be subject to withholding under section 1445 of the Internal Revenue Code.
General Risk Factors
Labor shortages could restrict our ability to operate our properties or grow our business or result in increased labor costs that could reduce our profits.
Our success depends in large part on the ability to attract, retain, train, manage, and engage our colleagues. Our properties are staffed 24 hours a day, seven days a week by thousands of colleagues around the world. If we and our franchisees are unable to attract, retain, train, and engage skilled colleagues, our and our franchisees' ability to manage and staff properties adequately could be impaired, which could reduce customer satisfaction. Staffing shortages could also hinder our ability to grow and expand our business. Because payroll costs are a major component of the operating expenses at our properties, a shortage of skilled labor could also require higher wages that would increase labor costs, which could reduce our profits and the profits of our third-party owners or franchisees.
The loss of our senior executives or key field personnel, such as our general managers, could significantly harm our business.
Our ability to maintain our competitive position is dependent to a large degree on the efforts and skills of our senior executives. We have entered into employment letter agreements with certain of our senior executives. However, we cannot guarantee that these individuals will remain with us. Finding suitable replacements for our senior executives could be difficult. We currently do not have a life insurance policy or key person insurance policy with respect to any of our senior executives. Losing the services of one or more of these senior executives could adversely affect our strategic relationships, including relationships with our third-party property owners, franchisees, hospitality venture partners, and vendors, and limit our ability to execute our business strategies.
We also rely on the general managers at each of our managed properties to run daily operations and oversee our colleagues. These general managers are trained professionals in the hospitality industry and have extensive experience in many markets worldwide. The failure to retain, train, or successfully manage our general managers for our properties could negatively affect our operations.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties:
The following table sets forth a description of each owned or leased property in our portfolio of properties at December 31, 2020.
Hotel Property Location Rooms # of Hotels Ownership (1)
Owned and Leased Hotels
Full Service
Americas Owned:
Park Hyatt Chicago Chicago, IL 198 100 %
Park Hyatt New York New York, NY 210 100 %
Miraval Arizona Resort and Spa (9) Tucson, AZ 145 100 %
Miraval Austin Resort and Spa (9) Austin, TX 117 100 %
Miraval Berkshires Resort and Spa (9) Lenox, MA 100 100 %
Wyndhurst Manor & Club (9) Lenox, MA 46 100 %
Grand Hyatt New York (4) New York, NY 1,298 100 %
Grand Hyatt Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 436 100 %
Grand Hyatt San Antonio (4) San Antonio, TX 1,003 100 %
The Confidante Miami Beach Miami Beach, FL 354 100 %
The Driskill (4) Austin, TX 189 100 %
Hyatt Regency Aruba Resort Spa and Casino (4) Palm Beach, Aruba, Dutch Caribbean 359 100 %
Hyatt Regency Baltimore Inner Harbor (4) Baltimore, MD 488 100 %
Hyatt Regency Green Bay Green Bay, WI 241 100 %
Hyatt Regency Greenwich Old Greenwich, CT 373 100 %
Hyatt Regency Indian Wells Resort & Spa Riverside-San Bernardino, CA 530 100 %
Hyatt Regency Lake Tahoe Resort, Spa and Casino Incline Village, NV 422 100 %
Hyatt Regency Long Beach (4) Long Beach, CA 531 100 %
Hyatt Regency Lost Pines Resort and Spa Lost Pines, TX 490 100 %
Hyatt Regency Miami (4) Miami, FL 615 100 %
Hyatt Regency O'Hare Chicago Rosemont, IL 1,095 100 %
Hyatt Regency Orlando Orlando, FL 1,641 100 %
Hyatt Regency Phoenix Phoenix, AZ 693 100 %
Hyatt Regency San Antonio Riverwalk (4) San Antonio, TX 630 100 %
Hyatt Centric The Pike Long Beach (4) Long Beach, CA 138 100 %
Americas Owned
12,342 25
Hotel Property Location Rooms # of Hotels Ownership (1)
Americas Leased:
Andaz West Hollywood (3) (6) West Hollywood, CA 239 - %
Hyatt Regency San Francisco (3) (6) San Francisco, CA 821 - %
Americas Leased
1,060 2
Total Americas Owned and Leased Hotels 13,402 27
EAME/SW Asia Owned:
Park Hyatt Paris-Vendôme Paris, France 156 100 %
Park Hyatt Zurich (4) Zurich, Switzerland 138 100 %
Andaz London Liverpool Street (7) London, England 267 100 %
Hyatt Regency Bishkek (4) Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic 178 98 %
EAME/SW Asia Owned
739 4
EAME/SW Asia Leased:
Andaz Amsterdam Prinsengracht (3) (6) Amsterdam, The Netherlands 122 - %
Hyatt Regency Cologne (3) (6) Cologne, Germany 306 - %
Hyatt Regency Mainz (3) (6) Mainz, Germany 268 - %
EAME/SW Asia Leased
696 3
Total EAME/SW Asia Owned and Leased Hotels 1,435 7
Total Full Service Owned and Leased Hotels 14,837 34
Hotel Property Location Rooms # of Hotels Ownership (1)
Select Service
Owned:
Hyatt Place Macaé Macaé, Brazil 141 100 %
Hyatt Place São José do Rio Preto São José do Rio Preto, Brazil 152 100 %
Select Service Owned:
293 2
Leased:
Hyatt Place Amsterdam Airport (3) (6) Amsterdam, The Netherlands 330 - %
Hyatt Place Atlanta/Buckhead (2) Atlanta, GA 171 - %
Select Service Leased: 501 2
Total Select Service Owned and Leased Hotels 794 4
Unconsolidated Hospitality Venture Hotels
Full Service
Americas Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures:
Grand Hyatt São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil 467 50 %
Andaz Mayakoba Resort Riviera Maya Playa del Carmen, Mexico 214 40 %
Hyatt Regency Andares Guadalajara Zapopan, Mexico 257 50 %
Hyatt Regency Columbus (4) Columbus, OH 633 24 %
Hyatt Regency Crystal City at Reagan National Airport Arlington, VA 686 50 %
Hyatt Regency Huntington Beach Resort and Spa Huntington Beach, CA 517 40 %
Hyatt Regency Jersey City on the Hudson Jersey City, NJ 351 50 %
Hyatt Centric Downtown Portland Portland, OR 220 40 %
Hyatt Centric Center City Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA 332 42 %
Americas Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures 3,677 9
EAME/SW Asia Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures:
Park Hyatt Hamburg (3) (5) Hamburg, Germany 252 - %
Park Hyatt Milan Milan, Italy 106 30 %
Grand Hyatt Mumbai Hotel & Residences Mumbai, India 548 50 %
Andaz Delhi New Delhi, India 401 50 %
Andaz Vienna Am Belvedere Vienna, Austria 303 50 %
Hyatt Regency Ahmedabad Ahmedabad, India 208 50 %
EAME/SW Asia Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures 1,818 6
ASPAC Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures:
Grand Hyatt Bali Bali, Indonesia 636 10 %
Hyatt Regency Bali Bali, Indonesia 363 10 %
ASPAC Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures 999 2
Total Full Service Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures 6,494 17
Hotel Property Location Rooms # of Hotels Ownership (1)
Select Service Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures
Hyatt House Denver/Downtown Denver, CO 113 50 %
Hyatt House Nashville at Vanderbilt Nashville, TN 201 50 %
Hyatt House San Jose Airport San Jose, CA 165 40 %
Hyatt Place Atlanta / Centennial Park Atlanta, GA 175 50 %
Hyatt Place Celaya Celaya, Mexico 145 50 %
Hyatt Place Denver/Downtown Denver, CO 248 50 %
Hyatt Place Glendale / Los Angeles Glendale, CA 179 40 %
Hyatt Place Los Cabos San José del Cabo, Mexico 157 50 %
Hyatt Place Panama City/Downtown Panama City, Panama 165 29 %
Hyatt Place San Jose Airport San Jose, CA 190 40 %
Hyatt Place Tijuana Tijuana, Mexico 145 50 %
Hyatt Place Boston / Seaport District Boston, MA 297 50 %
Total Select Service Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures 2,180 12
Total Unconsolidated Hospitality Ventures (8) 8,674 29
(1)Unless otherwise indicated, ownership percentages include both the property and the underlying land.
(2)Property is accounted for as a finance lease.
(3)Property is accounted for as an operating lease.
(4)Our ownership interest in the property is subject to a third-party ground lease on the land.
(5)We own a 50% interest in an unconsolidated hospitality venture that is the operating lessee.
(6)We own a 100% interest in the entity that is the operating lessee.
(7)Our ownership interest is derived through a long leasehold interest in the hotel building, with a nominal annual rental payment.
(8)Excludes three UrCove hotels where we own a 49% interest in an unconsolidated hospitality venture that is the operating lessee.
(9)Effective January 1, 2020, Miraval wellness resorts are reported as full service hotels and included in our owned and leased hotels segment.
Below is a summary of our Hyatt managed and franchised hotels, including owned and leased hotels and all-inclusive resorts, by segment for all periods presented.
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Properties Rooms Properties Rooms Properties Rooms
Americas Management and Franchising
Full Service Hotels (a)
Managed 164 72,278 160 71,807 172 72,627
Franchised 73 21,544 67 20,356 57 17,981
Full Service Hotels 237 93,822 227 92,163 229 90,608
Select Service Hotels
Managed 55 8,132 62 9,054 58 8,393
Franchised 391 53,912 356 49,211 325 44,753
Select Service Hotels 446 62,044 418 58,265 383 53,146
ASPAC Management and Franchising
Full Service Hotels
Managed 116 39,327 110 36,026 102 33,570
Franchised 8 2,520 6 1,933 4 1,591
Full Service Hotels 124 41,847 116 37,959 106 35,161
Select Service Hotels
Managed 29 5,378 29 5,307 23 3,903
Franchised 6 1,169 1 160 - -
Select Service Hotels 35 6,547 30 5,467 23 3,903
EAME/SW Asia Management and Franchising
Full Service Hotels
Managed 97 24,678 95 24,323 81 21,602
Franchised 13 2,454 11 2,098 6 1,215
Full Service Hotels 110 27,132 106 26,421 87 22,817
Select Service Hotels
Managed 17 2,749 17 2,803 16 2,531
Franchised 5 1,131 2 443 2 451
Select Service Hotels 22 3,880 19 3,246 18 2,982
Total Full Service and Select Service Hotels (b) 974 235,272 916 223,521 846 208,617
Americas Management and Franchising - All-inclusive
All-inclusive
Franchised 8 3,153 8 3,153 6 2,401
All-inclusive 8 3,153 8 3,153 6 2,401
Total Managed and Franchised 982 238,425 924 226,674 852 211,018
(a) Effective January 1, 2020, Miraval wellness resorts are reported as full service hotels. We have reflected this change in all periods presented.
(b) Figures do not include vacation ownership, residential, or condominium ownership units.
Included in the summary above are the following owned and leased hotels:
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Properties Rooms Properties Rooms Properties Rooms
Owned and Leased Hotels
Full Service Hotels (a)
United States 25 12,607 24 12,608 25 13,850
Other Americas 2 795 2 795 2 795
ASPAC - - - - 1 615
EAME/SW Asia 7 1,435 8 1,593 8 1,591
Select Service Hotels
United States 1 171 1 171 1 171
Other Americas 2 293 2 293 2 293
EAME/SW Asia 1 330 1 330 1 330
Total Owned and Leased 38 15,631 38 15,790 40 17,645
(a) Effective January 1, 2020, Miraval wellness resorts are reported as full service hotels. We have reflected this change in all periods presented.
Corporate Headquarters and Regional Offices
Our corporate headquarters are located at 150 North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, pursuant to an operating lease. At December 31, 2020, we lease approximately 262,000 square feet.
In addition to our corporate headquarters, we lease space for our regional offices, service centers, data centers, and sales offices in multiple locations, including Atlanta, Georgia; Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; Bensenville, Illinois; Chandler, Arizona; Chiyoda-ku, Japan; Coral Gables, Florida; Delhi and Mumbai, India; Denver, Colorado; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Franklin Park, Illinois; Jakarta, Indonesia; London, United Kingdom; Mainz, Germany; Marion, Illinois; Maui, Hawaii; Melbourne, Australia; Mexico City, Mexico; Moore, Oklahoma; Moscow, Russia; New York, New York; Omaha, Nebraska; Paris, France; San Francisco, California; São Paulo, Brazil; Scottsdale, Arizona; Singapore; Tokyo, Japan; Toronto, Canada; and Zurich, Switzerland.
We believe our existing office properties are in good condition and are sufficient and suitable for the conduct of our business. In the event we need to expand our operations, we believe suitable space will be available on commercially reasonable terms.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are involved in various claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings involving tort and other general liability claims, workers' compensation and other employee claims, intellectual property claims, and claims related to our management of certain hotel properties. Most occurrences involving liability, claims of negligence, and employees are covered by insurance, in each case, with solvent insurance carriers. We recognize a liability when we believe the loss is probable and reasonably estimable. We currently believe that the ultimate outcome of such lawsuits and proceedings will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
In March 2018, a putative class action was filed against the Company and several other hotel companies in federal district court in Illinois, Case No. 1:18-cv-01959, seeking an unspecified amount of damages and equitable relief for an alleged violation of the federal antitrust laws. In December 2018, a second lawsuit was filed against the Company by TravelPass Group, LLC, Partner Fusion, Inc., and Reservation Counter, LLC in federal district court in Texas, Case No. 5:18-cv-00153, for an alleged violation of federal antitrust laws arising from similar conduct alleged in the Illinois case and seeking an unspecified amount of monetary damages. As part of the Texas federal court case, the Company filed counterclaims against the plaintiffs for unfair competition and trademark infringement. In October 2020, the Company resolved the claims and counterclaims in the Texas lawsuit without either party admitting liability. The Company disputes the allegations in the remaining Illinois federal district court lawsuit and will defend its interests vigorously. We currently do not believe the ultimate outcome of this litigation will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operation, or liquidity.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not Applicable.
Information about our Executive Officers.
The following chart names each of the Company's executive officers and their ages and positions at February 18, 2021. Also included below is biographical information relating to each of the Company's executive officers. Each of the executive officers is elected by and serves at the pleasure of the board of directors.
Name
Age
Position
Thomas J. Pritzker 70 Executive Chairman of the Board
Mark S. Hoplamazian 57 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Joan Bottarini 49 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Margaret C. Egan 51 Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
H. Charles Floyd 61 Executive Vice President, Global President of Operations
Peter Fulton 63 Executive Vice President, Group President-EAME/SW Asia
Malaika L. Myers 53 Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer
Peter J. Sears 56 Executive Vice President, Group President-Americas
David Udell 60 Executive Vice President, Group President-ASPAC
Mark R. Vondrasek 53 Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer
Thomas J. Pritzker has been a member of our board of directors since August 2004 and our Executive Chairman since August 2004. Mr. Pritzker served as our Chief Executive Officer from August 2004 to December 2006. Mr. Pritzker was appointed President of Hyatt Corporation in 1980 and served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Hyatt Corporation from 1999 to December 2006. Mr. Pritzker is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Pritzker Organization, LLC ("TPO"), the principal financial and investment advisor to certain Pritzker family business interests. Mr. Pritzker served as a Director of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. until May 2020. He served as a Director of TransUnion Corp., a credit reporting service company, until June 2010 and as Chairman of Marmon Holdings, Inc. until March 2014. Mr. Pritzker is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Center for Strategic & International Studies; Director and Vice President of The Pritzker Foundation, a charitable foundation; Director and President of the Pritzker Family Philanthropic Fund, a charitable organization; and Director, Chairman and President of The Hyatt Foundation, a charitable foundation which established The Pritzker Architecture Prize.
Mark S. Hoplamazian was appointed to the Board of Directors in November 2006 and named President and Chief Executive Officer of Hyatt Hotels Corporation in December 2006. Prior to being appointed to his present position, Mr. Hoplamazian served as President of TPO. During his 17 year tenure with TPO, he served as advisor to various Pritzker family-owned companies, including Hyatt Hotels Corporation and its predecessors. He previously worked in international mergers and acquisitions at The First Boston Corporation in New York. Mr. Hoplamazian serves as Chairman of the American Hotel & Lodging Association, on the Board of Directors of VF Corporation, Brand USA, Skills for Chicagoland's Future, and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of World Business Chicago, and the Board of Trustees of the Aspen Institute and of the Latin School of Chicago. Mr. Hoplamazian is a member of the World Travel & Tourism Council, the Commercial Club of Chicago, and the Discovery Class of the Henry Crown Fellowship.
Joan Bottarini was appointed as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer in November 2018. In this role, Ms. Bottarini is responsible for the global finance function, including financial reporting, planning, treasury, tax, investor relations, internal audit, asset management, global construction, shared services, and procurement. Ms. Bottarini previously served as the Company's Senior Vice President, Finance-Americas since 2016. Prior to that position, Ms. Bottarini served as Vice President, Hotel Finance-Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) of the Company from 2014 to 2016 and as Vice President, Strategic Financial Planning and Analysis of the Company from 2007 to 2014. Prior to her roles at Hyatt, Ms. Bottarini served as the Controller - Development at Essex Property Trust and an Assurance Manager at KPMG LLP.
Margaret C. Egan was appointed as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in January 2018. Ms. Egan is responsible for Hyatt's global legal and corporate secretarial services. Ms. Egan served as interim General Counsel and Secretary of the Company from October 2017 to January 2018 and previously served as Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel at Hyatt from March 2013 to January 2018 overseeing the Company's legal global transactions teams. From October 2003 to March 2013, Ms. Egan held a series of increasingly responsible positions at Hyatt. Prior to entering the hospitality industry, Ms. Egan practiced law in the litigation practice group of DLA Piper in Chicago, Illinois from 1996 to 2000 and again from 2002 to 2003 and also held a position as Attorney Advisor with the United States Department of Justice in London, United Kingdom from January 2001 to January 2002.
H. Charles Floyd was appointed Executive Vice President, Global President of Operations in August 2014. In this role, Mr. Floyd leads and develops Hyatt's shared operation services organization known as the Global Operations Center ("GOC") and is responsible for the successful operation of Hyatt's hotels globally. The Group Presidents for each of Hyatt's three regions, as well as hotel business development and product and design, report to Mr. Floyd. Prior to his current role, Mr. Floyd was Executive Vice President, Group President-Global Operations Center from October 2012 to August 2014. Mr. Floyd has been with us since 1981. Mr. Floyd served as our Chief Operating Officer-North America from January 2006 until October 2012. In this role he was responsible for management of our full service hotels and resorts as well as the Hyatt Place and the Hyatt House brands in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. In addition, he oversaw Hyatt Residential Group, Inc. (formerly known as Hyatt Vacation Ownership, Inc.) and the Franchise Owner Relations Group, which supports both full service and select service and extended stay franchisees. He also oversaw various corporate functions for North America, including sales, human resources, product and design, rooms, food and beverage, and engineering. Since joining Hyatt, Mr. Floyd served in a number of senior positions, including Executive Vice President-North America Operations and Senior Vice President of Sales, as well as various managing director and general manager roles. Mr. Floyd serves on the Board of Directors of Kohl's Corporation and Playa Hotels & Resorts N.V.
Peter Fulton was appointed Executive Vice President, Group President-EAME/SW Asia in October 2012. Mr. Fulton is responsible for overseeing hotels in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, India, Central Asia, and Nepal. In 1983, Mr. Fulton embarked on his career with Hyatt International as Food & Beverage Manager at Hyatt Regency Kingsgate Auckland. For the next nine years, he filled senior food and beverage positions at Hyatt properties in Dubai, Canberra, and Macau before receiving his first appointment as Manager at Hyatt Regency Acapulco. In 1994, Mr. Fulton was appointed General Manager of the same hotel. Three years later, Mr. Fulton was appointed General Manager at Hyatt Regency Delhi, where he remained until assuming the position of General Manager of Grand Hyatt Dubai. From 2001 until February 2008, Mr. Fulton oversaw Grand Hyatt Dubai, the largest 5-star hotel in the region, which opened in March 2003. From February 2008 until October 2012, Mr. Fulton was the Managing Director-South West Asia. Prior to Hyatt, Mr. Fulton worked for Travelodge in Christchurch and Auckland, New Zealand, Claridges Hotel in London, and Le Beau Rivage Palace Hotel in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Malaika L. Myers was selected as Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer in September 2017. In this role, Ms. Myers is responsible for setting and implementing Hyatt's global human resources enterprise strategy worldwide. Ms. Myers joined Hyatt with over 25 years of experience in human resources across a diverse group of industries. Prior to assuming her role at Hyatt, Ms. Myers most recently served as Senior Vice President, Human Resources for Jarden Corporation, a $10 billion global consumer products company, where she was responsible for the effectiveness of human resources strategies and programs for Jarden Corporation worldwide. Prior to Jarden, Ms. Myers served as Chief Human Resources Officer for Arysta LifeScience, a global agricultural chemical company. Malaika served in various senior management roles at Diageo PLC, PepsiCo, including Frito-Lay, Pepsi-Cola, and the PepsiCo Corporate Organization. Ms. Myers began her career with FMC Corporation.
Peter J. Sears was appointed Executive Vice President, Group President-Americas in September 2014. Mr. Sears is responsible for the growth and successful operation of Hyatt's portfolio in the United States, Latin America, Canada, and the Caribbean. Prior to his current role, he was the Senior Vice President-Operations, Asia Pacific. Mr. Sears began his career with Hyatt as a corporate trainee at Hyatt Regency San Antonio in 1987 and went on to hold numerous positions of increasing operational responsibility. These positions included serving as general manager of five full service hotels in North America at properties located in San Francisco, Orange County, and Lake Tahoe. In 2006, he became Senior Vice President of Field Operations for the Central Region, and in 2009, he became Senior Vice President, Operations for North America.
David Udell was appointed as Executive Vice President, Group President-ASPAC in July 2014. Mr. Udell is responsible for overseeing hotels in Southeast Asia, Greater China, Australia, South Korea, Japan, and Micronesia. Prior to his current role, Mr. Udell was the Senior Vice President, Operations for the GOC. Mr. Udell has also served as Senior Vice President-Operations, Asia Pacific, where he was responsible for overseeing the operation of 55 hotels within the region. Over the last 32 years, Mr. Udell has held senior management positions in Hyatt properties in Bangkok, Seoul, Hong Kong, and Tokyo. In 1992, he was appointed opening General Manager of Park Hyatt Tokyo and in 1996, General Manager of Grand Hyatt Hong Kong. He began his career with Hyatt as a Corporate Management Trainee at Hyatt Regency Singapore in 1982.
Mark R. Vondrasek was selected as Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer in March 2018. In this role, Mr. Vondrasek oversees global sales, revenue management, distribution strategy, corporate marketing, brands, communications, digital, consumer insights, global contact centers, information technology, and the World of Hyatt loyalty platform. He is also charged with integrating and scaling new business opportunities, products, and services. Mr. Vondrasek joined Hyatt in September 2017 with 15 years of hospitality leadership experience at Starwood Hotels and Resorts, where he most recently served in a similar role as Senior Vice President, Commercial Services Officer. Prior to entering the hospitality industry, he spent 10 years in the Financial Services industry, overseeing operational teams at Fidelity Investments and Kemper Financial Services.
Pursuant to our employment letter with Mr. Thomas J. Pritzker, we have agreed that so long as he is a member of our board of directors we will use our commercially reasonable efforts to appoint him as our executive chairman provided he is willing and able to serve in that office. If he is not re-appointed as executive chairman, he will be entitled to terminate his employment with the rights and entitlements available to him under our severance policies as if his employment was terminated by us without cause.
Pursuant to our employment letter with Mr. Mark S. Hoplamazian, we have agreed that so long as he is the president and chief executive officer of Hyatt, we will use our commercially reasonable efforts to nominate him for re-election as a director prior to the end of his term. If he is not re-elected to the board of directors, he will be entitled to terminate his employment with the rights and entitlements available to him under our severance policies as if his employment was terminated by us without cause.
Part II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
On November 5, 2009, our Class A common stock began trading publicly on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "H". Prior to that time, there was no public market for our Class A common stock. At January 31, 2021, our Class A common stock was held by approximately 26 shareholders of record and there were 39,261,233 shares of Class A common stock outstanding. This stockholder figure does not include a substantially greater number of "street name" holders or beneficial holders of our Class A common stock whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.
There is no established public trading market for our Class B common stock. At January 31, 2021, our Class B common stock was held by approximately 79 shareholders and there were 62,038,918 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.
Dividends
We suspended all dividend payments beginning in the second quarter of 2020. The terms of the Revolver Amendment restrict our ability to pay dividends through the first quarter of 2021. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, capital requirements, restrictions contained in current or future financing instruments, and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for further detail.
Performance Graph
The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return since December 31, 2015, with the S&P 500 Index ("S&P 500") and the Russell 1000 Hotel/Motel Index (the "Russell 1000 Hotel"). The graph assumes the value of the investment in our Class A common stock and each index was $100 at December 31, 2015 and all dividends and other distributions were reinvested.
12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020
Hyatt Hotels Corporation 100.0 117.5 156.4 144.9 194.3 161.2
S&P 500 100.0 112.0 136.4 130.4 171.4 203.0
Russell 1000 Hotel 100.0 126.3 202.3 160.5 231.3 219.4
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth information regarding our purchases of shares of Class A common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2020:
Total number of shares purchased (1) Weighted-average price paid per share Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the program
October 1 to October 31, 2020 - $ - - $ 927,760,966
November 1 to November 30, 2020 - - - $ 927,760,966
December 1 to December 31, 2020 - - - $ 927,760,966
Total - $ - -
(1) On each of October 30, 2018 and December 18, 2019, we announced the approvals of the expansions of our share repurchase program. Under each approval, we are authorized to purchase up to an additional $750 million of Class A and Class B common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, including pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") transaction. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date. At December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $928 million remaining under the share repurchase authorization. We suspended all share repurchase activity effective March 3, 2020, and the terms of the Revolver Amendment restrict our ability to repurchase shares through the first quarter of 2021. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for further detail.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. (Removed and Reserved).

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Consolidated Financial Statements." For our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, see Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2019 Form 10-K. Effective January 1, 2020, (i) the management fees from Miraval properties are reported in our Americas management and franchising segment; (ii) the operating results and financial position of underlying Miraval hotel results are reported in our owned and leased hotels segment; (iii) the license fees we receive from Hyatt Residence Club are reported in our Americas management and franchising segment. We do not consider these changes to be material and consolidated results were not impacted. Segment operating information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 have been recast to reflect these segment changes; see Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for further information. In addition to historical data, this discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and financial performance based on current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those discussed in "Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" included elsewhere in this annual report.
Overview
At December 31, 2020, our hotel portfolio consisted of 974 full and select service hotels (235,272 rooms), including:
•413 managed properties (128,598 rooms), all of which we operate under management and hotel services agreements with third-party property owners;
•489 franchised properties (81,354 rooms), all of which are owned by third parties that have franchise agreements with us and are operated by third parties;
•31 owned properties (13,374 rooms) (including 1 consolidated hospitality venture), 1 finance leased property (171 rooms), and 6 operating leased properties (2,086 rooms), all of which we manage;
•27 managed properties and 2 franchised properties owned or leased by unconsolidated hospitality ventures (8,674 rooms); and
•5 franchised properties (1,015 rooms) that are operated by an unconsolidated hospitality venture in connection with a master license agreement by Hyatt, 3 of these properties (669 rooms) are leased by the unconsolidated hospitality venture.
Our property portfolio also included:
•8 all-inclusive resorts (3,153 rooms), all of which are owned by a third party in which we hold common shares and which operates the resorts under franchise agreements with us;
•16 vacation ownership properties under the Hyatt Residence Club brand and operated by third parties;
•37 residential properties, which consist of branded residences and serviced apartments. We manage all of the serviced apartments and those branded residential units that participate in a rental program with an adjacent Hyatt-branded hotel; and
•36 condominium ownership properties for which we provide services for the rental programs and/or homeowner associations (including 1 unconsolidated hospitality venture).
Additionally, through strategic relationships, we provide certain reservation and/or loyalty program services to hotels that are unaffiliated with our hotel portfolio and which operate under other tradenames or marks owned by such hotel or licensed by third parties.
We believe our business model allows us to pursue more diversified revenue and income streams balancing both the advantages and risks associated with these lines of business. Our expertise and experience in each of these areas gives us the flexibility to evaluate growth opportunities across these lines of business. Growth in the number of management and franchise agreements and earnings therefrom typically results in higher overall returns on invested capital because the capital investment under a typical management or franchise agreement is not significant. The capital required to build and maintain hotels we manage or franchise for third-party owners and franchisees is typically provided by the owner of the respective property with minimal capital required by us as the manager or franchisor. In certain instances, Hyatt has provided funding to owners for the
acquisition and development of hotels that Hyatt will manage or franchise in the form of cash, debt repayment or performance guarantees, preferred equity, or mezzanine debt. During periods of increasing demand, we do not share fully in the incremental profits of hotel operations for hotels we manage for third-party owners as our fee arrangements generally include a base amount that is, typically, a percentage of revenue from the subject hotel and an incentive fee that is, typically, a percentage of hotel profits after satisfying certain financial return thresholds to be earned by the owner, depending on the structure and terms of the management agreement. We do not share in the benefits of increases in profits from franchised properties because franchisees pay us an initial application fee and ongoing royalty fees that are calculated as a percentage of gross room revenues, and also at times as a percentage of food and beverage revenues, with no fees based on profits. Disputes or disruptions may arise with third-party owners and franchisees of hotels we manage, franchise, or license to and these disputes can result in termination of the relevant agreement.
With respect to property ownership, we believe ownership of selected hotels in key markets enhances our ability to control our brand presence in these markets. Ownership of hotels allows us to capture the full benefit of increases in operating profits during periods of increasing demand and room rates. The cost structure of a typical hotel includes substantial fixed costs, so as demand and room rates increase over time, the rate of growth in operating profits typically is higher than the rate of growth of revenues. The profits realized from our owned and leased hotels are generally more significantly affected by economic downturns and declines in revenues than the management and franchise fees earned from our managed and franchised properties. This is because we absorb the full impact of declining profits for our owned and leased hotels whereas our management and franchise fees do not have the same level of downside exposure to declining hotel profitability. Hotel ownership is, however, more capital intensive than managing or franchising hotels for third-party owners and franchisees, as we are responsible for the costs and all capital expenditures for our owned and leased hotels. See also "-Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations-Expenses." and Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-We are exposed to the risks resulting from significant investments in owned and leased real estate, which could increase our costs, reduce our profits, limit our ability to respond to market conditions, or restrict our growth strategy."
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 83.7% and 82.5% of our revenues were derived from operations in the United States, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 80.4% and 80.6% of our long-lived assets were located in the United States, respectively.
We report our consolidated operations in U.S. dollars. Amounts are reported in millions, unless otherwise noted. Percentages may not recompute due to rounding, and percentage changes that are not meaningful are presented as "NM." Constant currency disclosures throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are non-GAAP measures. See "-Key Business Metrics Evaluated by Management-Constant Dollar Currency" below for further discussion of constant currency disclosures. We manage our business within four reportable segments, see Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Overview of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have significantly reduced global travel and demand for hotel rooms and have had a material detrimental impact on global commercial activity across the travel, lodging, and hospitality industries, all of which has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.
We do not expect a material improvement in results until business traveler and consumer confidence, with respect to the risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, improves and various governmental and corporate restrictions on travel and freedom of movement, as well as social distancing and other precautionary requirements, are lifted. As such, we have suspended operations at certain hotels experiencing low levels of occupancy for different lengths of time across our portfolio. As restrictions are lifted, we have been able to reopen hotels where operations were previously suspended, but as cases of the COVID-19 pandemic increase, restrictions have been re-established in certain markets, which have created, and may continue to create, demand volatility and result in the subsequent re-suspension of operations at certain hotels. Even once all restrictions have been lifted and the pandemic subsides, there remains considerable uncertainty as to the pace of recovery of demand for lodging and travel-related experiences.
We are monitoring guidance from international and domestic authorities, including federal, state, and local public health authorities, and we may be required or elect to take additional actions based on their recommendations. Under these circumstances, there may be developments that require us to further adapt our operations.
Across our portfolio of properties, we have experienced significant disruption during the year, with intermittent recovery within certain markets, and we expect varied levels of recovery to continue throughout 2021. The pace of recovery is difficult to predict at this time and is highly dependent on a variety of factors including group business and corporate travel demand,
consumer confidence regarding the safety of travel, and the global economic impact resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic or any resurgence.
At our full service hotels in the Americas, including owned and leased hotels, we have seen significant group cancellations concentrated in near-term booking dates, and we have started to see a meaningful increase in cancellations for 2021, primarily for the first half of the year. As long as the COVID-19 pandemic, and any resurgence or variant, is ongoing and travel restrictions remain in place, we anticipate cancellation activity may continue to negatively impact our business, especially for larger corporate meetings. While we continue to see long-term group bookings production, booking volumes for dates into 2021 and beyond have been uneven and significantly lower than pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels.
Key Business Metrics Evaluated by Management
Revenues
We primarily derive our revenues from owned and leased hotel operations, management of hotels, and licensing of our portfolio of brands to franchisees. Management uses revenues to assess the overall performance of our business and to analyze trends such as consumer demand, brand preference, and competition. For a detailed discussion of our primary revenue sources, see "-Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations-Revenues."
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation
Net income (loss) attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation represents the total earnings or profits generated by our business or total loss incurred. Management uses net income (loss) to analyze the performance of our business on a consolidated basis.
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") and EBITDA
We use the terms Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA throughout this annual report. Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA, as we define them, are non-GAAP measures. We define consolidated Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation plus our pro rata share of unconsolidated owned and leased hospitality ventures Adjusted EBITDA based on our ownership percentage of each owned and leased venture, adjusted to exclude the following items:
•interest expense;
•benefit (provision) for income taxes;
•depreciation and amortization;
•amortization of management and franchise agreement assets and performance cure payments, which constitute payments to customers ("Contra revenue");
•revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties;
•costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties that we intend to recover over the long term;
•equity earnings (losses) from unconsolidated hospitality ventures;
•stock-based compensation expense;
•gains (losses) on sales of real estate and other;
•asset impairments; and
•other income (loss), net
We calculate consolidated Adjusted EBITDA by adding the Adjusted EBITDA of each of our reportable segments and eliminations to corporate and other Adjusted EBITDA. See "-Segment Results."
Our board of directors and executive management team focus on Adjusted EBITDA as a key performance and compensation measure both on a segment and on a consolidated basis. Adjusted EBITDA assists us in comparing our performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis because it removes from our operating results the impact of items that do not reflect our core operations both on a segment and on a consolidated basis. Our President and Chief Executive Officer, who is our CODM, also evaluates the performance of each of our reportable segments and determines how to allocate resources to those segments, in significant part, by assessing the Adjusted EBITDA of each segment. In addition, the
compensation committee of our board of directors determines the annual variable compensation for certain members of our management based in part on consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, segment Adjusted EBITDA, or some combination of both.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors because it provides investors the same information that we use internally for purposes of assessing our operating performance and making compensation decisions and facilitates our comparison of results with results from other companies within our industry.
Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries and among companies within the same industry. For instance, interest expense and benefit (provision) for income taxes are dependent upon company specifics, including capital structure, credit ratings, tax policies, and jurisdictions in which they operate, and therefore, can vary significantly across companies. Depreciation and amortization are dependent on company policies including how the assets are utilized as well as the lives assigned to the assets, and Contra revenue is dependent on company policies and strategic decisions regarding payments to hotel owners. We exclude revenues for the reimbursement of costs and costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties which relate to the reimbursement of payroll costs and for system-wide services and programs that we operate for the benefit of our hotel owners as contractually we do not provide services or operate the related programs to generate a profit over the terms of the respective contracts. Over the long term, these programs and services are not designed to impact our economics, either positively or negatively. Therefore, we exclude the net impact when evaluating period-over-period changes in our operating results. Adjusted EBITDA includes costs incurred on behalf of our managed and franchised properties related to system-wide services and programs that we do not intend to recover from hotel owners. We exclude stock-based compensation expense to remove the variability amongst companies resulting from different compensation plans companies have adopted. Finally, we exclude other items that are not core to our operations, such as asset impairments and unrealized and realized gains and losses on marketable securities.
Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA are not substitutes for net income (loss) attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation, net income (loss), or any other measure prescribed by GAAP. There are limitations to using non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted EBITDA and EBITDA. Although we believe that Adjusted EBITDA can make an evaluation of our operating performance more consistent because it removes items that do not reflect our core operations, other companies in our industry may define Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do. As a result, it may be difficult to use Adjusted EBITDA or similarly named non-GAAP measures that other companies may use to compare the performance of those companies to our performance. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of the income (loss) generated by our business. Our management compensates for these limitations by referencing our GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA supplementally. See our consolidated statements of income (loss) in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
See below for a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation to EBITDA and a reconciliation of EBITDA to consolidated Adjusted EBITDA.
Adjusted Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Adjusted selling, general, and administrative expenses, as we define it, is a non-GAAP measure. Adjusted selling, general, and administrative expenses exclude the impact of deferred compensation plans funded through rabbi trusts and stock-based compensation expense. Adjusted selling, general, and administrative expenses assist us in comparing our performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis because it removes from our operating results the impact of items that do not reflect our core operations, both on a segment and consolidated basis. See "-Results of Operations" for a reconciliation of selling, general, and administrative expenses to Adjusted selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Comparable Hotels
"Comparable system-wide hotels" represents all properties we manage or franchise (including owned and leased properties) and that are operated for the entirety of the periods being compared and that have not sustained substantial damage, business interruption, or undergone large scale renovations during the periods being compared or for which comparable results are not available. Hotels that have temporarily suspended operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic are included in our definition of comparable system-wide hotels. We may use variations of comparable system-wide hotels to specifically refer to comparable system-wide Americas full service or select service hotels for those properties that we manage or franchise within the Americas management and franchising segment, comparable system-wide ASPAC full service or select service hotels for those properties we manage or franchise within the ASPAC management and franchising segment, or comparable system-wide EAME/SW Asia full service or select service hotels for those properties that we manage or franchise within the EAME/SW Asia management and franchising segment. "Comparable owned and leased hotels" represents all properties we own or lease and that are operated and consolidated for the entirety of the periods being compared and have not sustained substantial damage, business interruption, or undergone large scale renovations during the periods being compared or for which comparable results are not available. Hotels that have temporarily suspended operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic are included in our definition of comparable owned and leased hotels. Comparable system-wide hotels and comparable owned and leased hotels are commonly used as a basis of measurement in our industry. "Non-comparable system-wide hotels" or "non-comparable owned and leased hotels" represent all hotels that do not meet the respective definition of "comparable" as defined above.
Constant Dollar Currency
We report the results of our operations both on an as-reported basis, as well as on a constant dollar basis. Constant dollar currency, which is a non-GAAP measure, excludes the effects of movements in foreign currency exchange rates between comparative periods. We believe constant dollar analysis provides valuable information regarding our results as it removes currency fluctuations from our operating results. We calculate constant dollar currency by restating prior-period local currency financial results at the current period's exchange rates. These restated amounts are then compared to our current period reported amounts to provide operationally driven variances in our results.
RevPAR
RevPAR is the product of the ADR and the average daily occupancy percentage. RevPAR does not include non-room revenues, which consist of ancillary revenues generated by a hotel property, such as food and beverage, parking, and other guest service revenues. Our management uses RevPAR to identify trend information with respect to room revenues from comparable properties and to evaluate hotel performance on a regional and segment basis. RevPAR is a commonly used performance measure in our industry.
RevPAR changes that are driven predominantly by changes in occupancy have different implications for overall revenue levels and incremental profitability than do changes that are driven predominantly by changes in average room rates. For example, increases in occupancy at a hotel would lead to increases in room revenues and additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities, and room amenity costs), and could also result in increased ancillary revenues (including food and beverage). In contrast, changes in average room rates typically have a greater impact on margins and profitability as average room rate changes result in minimal impacts to variable operating costs.
Average Daily Rate
ADR represents hotel room revenues, divided by the total number of rooms sold in a given period. ADR measures average room price attained by a hotel, and ADR trends provide useful information concerning the pricing environment and the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. ADR is a commonly used performance measure in our industry, and we use ADR to assess the pricing levels that we are able to generate by customer group, as changes in rates have a different effect on overall revenues and incremental profitability than changes in occupancy, as described above.
Occupancy
Occupancy represents the total number of rooms sold divided by the total number of rooms available at a hotel or group of hotels. Occupancy measures the utilization of a hotel's available capacity. We use occupancy to gauge demand at a specific hotel or group of hotels in a given period. Occupancy levels also help us determine achievable ADR levels as demand for hotel rooms increases or decreases.
Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our revenues, costs, and expenses are affected by a variety of factors. Revenues are principally affected by consumer demand, which is closely linked to economic conditions and is sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels. Expenses associated with our business, including personnel costs, interest, rent, property taxes, insurance, and utilities, are relatively fixed and may increase at a greater rate than our revenues and/or may not be able to be reduced at the same rate as declining revenues. The fixed-cost nature of these expenses limits our ability to offset reductions in revenue through cost-cutting measures, which could adversely affect our net cash flows and profits. This effect can be especially pronounced during periods of economic contraction or slow economic growth, and when demand rapidly and significantly decreases, as we experienced with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. See Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors-Risks Related to the Hospitality Industry," "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business," and "Risk Factors-Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic."
Revenues
We primarily derive our revenues from the following sources:
Revenues from hotel operations. Represents revenues derived from hotel operations, including room rentals and food and beverage sales and other ancillary revenues at our owned and leased properties. Revenues from the majority of our hotel operations depend heavily on demand from group and transient travelers, as discussed below. Revenues from our owned and leased hotels are primarily derived from hotel operations.
Revenues from room rentals and ancillary revenues are primarily derived from three categories of customers: transient, group, and contract. Transient guests are individual travelers who are traveling for business or leisure. Our group guests are traveling for group events that reserve a minimum of 10 rooms for meetings or social functions sponsored by associations, corporate, social, military, educational, religious, or other organizations. Group business usually includes a block of room accommodations as well as other ancillary services, such as catering and banquet services. Our contract guests are traveling under a contract negotiated for a block of rooms for more than 30 days in duration at agreed-upon rates. Airline crews are typical generators of contract demand for our hotels.
Management, franchise, and other fees. Represents revenues derived from fees earned from hotels and residential ownership units managed worldwide (usually under long-term management agreements), franchise fees received in connection with the franchising of our brands (usually under long-term franchise agreements), termination fees, and license fees received in connection with the licensing of the Hyatt brand names through our co-branded credit card program and vacation ownership properties. For a detailed discussion of our management and franchise fees, see Part I, Item 1, "Business-Management Agreements-Hotel Management Agreements Fees" and Part I, Item 1, "Business-Franchise Agreements-Fees."
Other revenues. Represents revenues primarily related to our residential management operations for our condominium ownership units, co-branded credit card program, and the Exhale spa and fitness business, which was sold during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties. Represents revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of third-party owners and franchisees. These reimbursed costs relate primarily to payroll at managed properties where we are the employer, as well as system-wide services and the loyalty program operated on behalf of owners. We recognize these revenues in "Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties" and the corresponding costs in "Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties" in our consolidated statements of income (loss).
Intersegment eliminations. Represents management fee revenues and expenses related to our owned and leased hotels and promotional award redemption revenues and expenses related to our co-branded credit card program at our owned and leased hotels, which are eliminated in consolidation.
RevPAR Statistics
(Comparable locations) RevPAR
Year Ended December 31,
Number of comparable hotels (1) 2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $)
System-wide hotels 806 $ 46 (65.4) %
Owned and leased hotels 36 49 (72.2) %
Americas full service hotels 208 45 (71.3) %
Americas select service hotels 381 46 (55.9) %
ASPAC full service hotels 97 58 (59.5) %
ASPAC select service hotels 20 32 (40.7) %
EAME/SW Asia full service hotels 84 41 (68.1) %
EAME/SW Asia select service hotels 16 26 (58.0) %
(1) The number of comparable hotels presented above includes owned and leased hotels and hotels that have temporarily
suspended operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
System-wide RevPAR decreased 65.4% during 2020, compared to 2019, driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on group and transient demand worldwide beginning in early 2020. Our hotel operations were suspended at various points throughout the year, with operations suspended at 25% of our system-wide hotels at March 31, 2020. During the latter half of the year, hotels across the portfolio resumed operations, and at December 31, 2020, 94% of our hotel portfolio was open. See "-Segment Results" for detailed discussion of RevPAR by segment.
As various parts of the world are experiencing a resurgence in positive COVID-19 cases and travel restrictions are evolving, there continues to be uncertainty surrounding the profile and pace of recovery. It is our expectation that business transient and group business could continue to be muted and may gradually improve beginning in the second half of 2021, and that leisure transient demand could sustain levels experienced in the third and fourth quarter of 2020 and gradually improve.
Competition. The hospitality industry is highly competitive. Increased supply can put significant pressure on ADR at our properties as well as those of our competitors. Increasingly, we also face competition from new channels of distribution in the travel industry, including large companies that offer travel services as part of their business model and peer-to-peer inventory sources, as well as industry consolidation. We believe our brand strength and ability to manage our operations in an efficient manner will help us to continue competing successfully within the hospitality industry.
Agreements with third-party owners and franchisees and relationships with developers. We depend on our long-term management and franchise agreements with third-party owners and franchisees for a significant portion of our management and franchising fee revenues. The viability of our management and franchising business depends on our ability to maintain good relationships with third-party property owners and franchisees. Our relationships with these third parties also generate new relationships with developers and opportunities for property development that can support our growth. We believe we have good relationships with our third-party owners, franchisees, and developers in all of our segments and are committed to the continued growth and development of these relationships. These relationships exist with a diverse group of owners, franchisees, and developers and are not heavily concentrated with any particular third party.
Access to capital. The hospitality industry is a capital-intensive business that requires significant amounts of capital expenditures to develop, maintain, and renovate properties. Third-party owners and franchisees are required to fund these capital expenditures for the properties they own in accordance with the terms of the applicable management or franchise agreement. Access to the capital that we or our third-party owners, franchisees, or development partners need to finance the construction of new properties or to maintain and renovate existing properties is critical to the continued growth of our business and our revenues. The availability of capital or the conditions under which we or our third-party owners, franchisees, or development partners can obtain capital can have a significant impact on the overall level, cost, and pace of future development and therefore the ability to grow our revenues.
Expenses
We primarily incur the following expenses:
Owned and leased hotels expenses. Reflects the expenses of our consolidated owned and leased hotels. Expenses to operate our hotels include rooms expenses, food and beverage costs, other support costs, and property expenses. Rooms expenses generally includes compensation costs for housekeeping, laundry, and front desk staff and supply costs for guest room amenities and laundry. Food and beverage costs include costs for wait and kitchen staff and food and beverage products. Other support expenses consist of costs associated with property-level management (including deferred compensation plans for certain employees that are funded through contributions to rabbi trusts), utilities, sales and marketing, hotel spa operations, parking and other guest recreation, entertainment, and services. Property expenses include property taxes, repairs and maintenance, rent, and insurance.
Depreciation and amortization expenses. These are non-cash expenses that primarily consist of depreciation of fixed assets such as buildings, furniture, fixtures, and equipment at our consolidated owned and leased hotels. Amortization expenses primarily consists of amortization of management and franchise agreement intangibles. Changes in depreciation and amortization expenses may be driven by renovations of existing properties, acquisition or development of new properties and/or businesses, or the disposition of existing properties through sale or closure.
Other direct costs. Represents expenses primarily related to our residential management operations for our condominium ownership units, co-branded credit card program, and the Exhale spa and fitness business, which was sold during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Consists primarily of compensation expenses, including deferred compensation plans for certain employees that are funded through contributions to rabbi trusts, for our corporate staff and personnel supporting our business segments (including regional offices that support our management and franchising segments), professional fees (including consulting, audit, and legal fees), travel and entertainment expenses, sales and marketing expenses, bad debt expenses, and office administrative and related expenses, including rent expenses.
Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties. Represents costs incurred on behalf of third-party owners and franchisees. These reimbursed costs relate primarily to payroll at managed properties where we are the employer, as well as system-wide services and the loyalty program operated on behalf of owners.
Other Items
Asset impairments
We hold significant amounts of goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, and investments. We evaluate these assets on a quarterly basis for impairment as further discussed in "-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates." These evaluations have, in the past, resulted in impairment charges for certain of these assets based on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding those assets. We may be required to take additional impairment charges to reflect further declines in our asset and/or investment values.
Acquisitions, divestitures, and significant renovations
We routinely acquire, divest, or undertake large scale renovations of hotel properties. The results of operations derived from these properties do not, therefore, meet the definition of "comparable hotels" as defined in "-Key Business Metrics Evaluated by Management." The results of operations from these properties, however, may have a material effect on our results from period to period and are, therefore, addressed separately in our discussion on results of operations when material.
In 2020, we entered into the following key transactions:
•sold the shares of the entities which own Hyatt Regency Baku for approximately $11 million, net of $4 million of cash disposed, closing costs, and proration adjustments, and entered into a long-term management agreement for the property upon sale;
•sold the shares of the entity which owns the Exhale spa and fitness business for a nominal amount; and
•sold a 58% ownership interest in certain of our subsidiaries that developed Hyatt Centric City Center Philadelphia and adjacent parking and retail space for $72 million and recorded our 42% ownership interest as an equity method investment.
In 2019, we entered into the following key transactions:
•sold the shares of the entity which owns Grand Hyatt Seoul and adjacent land for approximately $481 million and entered into a long-term management agreement for the property upon sale;
•sold Hyatt Regency Atlanta for approximately $355 million and entered into a long-term management agreement for the property upon sale; and
•sold the property adjacent to Grand Hyatt San Francisco and assigned the related Apple store lease for approximately $120 million.
See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for further discussion on these key transactions.
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations
A significant portion of our operations are conducted in functional currencies other than our reporting currency, which is the U.S. dollar. As a result, we are required to translate those results from the functional currency into U.S. dollars at market based average exchange rates during the period reported. When comparing our results of operations between periods, there may be material portions of the changes in our revenues or expenses that are derived from fluctuations in exchange rates experienced between those periods. See Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors-Risks Related to the Hospitality Industry-Because we derive a portion of our revenues from operations outside the United States, the risks of doing business internationally, or in a particular country or region, could lower our revenues, increase our costs, reduce our profits, or disrupt our business."
Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Discussion on Consolidated Results
For additional information regarding our consolidated results, refer to our consolidated statements of income (loss) included in Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Consolidated Financial Statements." Consolidated results were impacted significantly by the COVID-19 pandemic during the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. See "-Segment Results" for further discussion.
The impact from our investments in marketable securities held to fund our deferred compensation plans through rabbi trusts was recognized on the various financial statement line items discussed below and had no impact on net income (loss). See "Net gains (losses) and interest income from marketable securities held to fund rabbi trusts" for the allocation of the impact to the various financial statement line items.
Owned and leased hotels revenues.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse) Currency Impact
Comparable owned and leased hotels revenues $ 499 $ 1,664 $ (1,165) (70.0) % $ (2)
Non-comparable owned and leased hotels revenues 14 184 (170) (92.2) % (1)
Total owned and leased hotels revenues $ 513 $ 1,848 $ (1,335) (72.2) % $ (3)
Owned and leased hotels revenues decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by decreased demand and suspended hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the same period, non-comparable owned and leased hotels revenues primarily decreased due to dispositions. See "-Segment Results" for further discussion.
Management, franchise, and other fees revenues.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Base management fees $ 96 $ 260 $ (164) (63.2) %
Incentive management fees 22 151 (129) (85.0) %
Franchise fees 63 141 (78) (55.4) %
Management and franchise fees 181 552 (371) (67.2) %
Other fees revenues 58 56 2 2.8 %
Management, franchise, and other fees $ 239 $ 608 $ (369) (60.7) %
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Management, franchise, and other fees $ 239 $ 608 $ (369) (60.7) %
Contra revenue (30) (22) (8) (35.6) %
Net management, franchise, and other fees $ 209 $ 586 $ (377) (64.3) %
The decrease in management and franchise fees for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily driven by decreased demand and suspended hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in Contra revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily driven by amortization of management and franchise assets related to newly opened properties and a performance cure payment. See "-Segment Results" for further discussion.
Other revenues. Other revenues decreased $67 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our residential management and Exhale spa and fitness operations.
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Change
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties $ 1,286 $ 2,461 $ (1,175) (47.8) %
Less: rabbi trust impact (28) (26) (2) (5.1) %
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties excluding rabbi trust impact $ 1,258 $ 2,435 $ (1,177) (48.3) %
Excluding the impact of rabbi trust, revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated suspension of hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year as well as cost containment initiatives in 2020, both of which led to lower reimbursements for payroll and related costs and expenses related to system-wide services provided to managed and franchised properties.
Owned and leased hotels expenses.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Comparable owned and leased hotels expenses $ 597 $ 1,271 $ 674 53.0 %
Non-comparable owned and leased hotels expenses 22 144 122 84.6 %
Rabbi trust impact 8 9 1 11.6 %
Total owned and leased hotels expenses $ 627 $ 1,424 $ 797 56.0 %
The decrease in owned and leased hotels expenses, which included a $4 million net favorable currency impact, during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, was primarily driven by the aforementioned decreased demand and suspension of hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year. For the same period, non-comparable owned and leased hotels expenses decreased primarily due to dispositions in 2019. See "-Segment Results" for further discussion.
Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased $19 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by dispositions in 2019.
Other direct costs. Other direct costs decreased $68 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our residential management and Exhale spa and fitness operations as well as decreases related to our co-branded credit card program from lower point transfers.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Change
Selling, general, and administrative expenses $ 321 $ 417 $ (96) (22.9) %
Less: rabbi trust impact (52) (53) 1 2.0 %
Less: stock-based compensation expense (24) (35) 11 31.6 %
Adjusted selling, general, and administrative expenses $ 245 $ 329 $ (84) (25.4) %
See "-Key Business Metrics Evaluated by Management" for further discussion of Adjusted selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to significant decreases in expenses as a result of cost containment initiatives in 2020, primarily payroll and related costs, and $22 million of integration-related costs incurred in 2019 associated with the acquisition of Two Roads. This decrease is partially offset by $33 million of bad debt expense recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020, which is an increase of $28 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.
Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Change
Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties $ 1,375 $ 2,520 $ (1,145) (45.4) %
Less: rabbi trust impact (28) (26) (2) (5.1) %
Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties excluding rabbi trust impact $ 1,347 $ 2,494 $ (1,147) (46.0) %
Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated suspension of hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year as well as cost containment initiatives in 2020, both of which led to lower payroll and related costs and expenses related to system-wide services provided to managed and franchised properties.
Net gains (losses) and interest income from marketable securities held to fund rabbi trusts.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Rabbi trust impact allocated to selling, general, and administrative expenses $ 52 $ 53 $ (1) (2.0) %
Rabbi trust impact allocated to owned and leased hotels expenses 8 9 (1) (11.6) %
Net gains (losses) and interest income from marketable securities held to fund rabbi trusts $ 60 $ 62 $ (2) (3.4) %
Net gains (losses) and interest income from marketable securities held to fund rabbi trusts decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by the performance of the underlying invested assets.
Equity earnings (losses) from unconsolidated hospitality ventures.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Hyatt's share of unconsolidated hospitality ventures net losses excluding foreign currency $ (57) $ (22) $ (35)
Hyatt's share of unconsolidated hospitality ventures foreign currency net losses (1) (20) (3) (17)
Net gains from sales activity related to unconsolidated hospitality ventures (Note 4)
- 8 (8)
Impairment charges related to investments in unconsolidated hospitality ventures (Note 4)
(1) (7) 6
Other 8 14 (6)
Equity losses from unconsolidated hospitality ventures $ (70) $ (10) $ (60)
(1) Foreign currency impact is driven by one of our unconsolidated hospitality ventures which holds loans denominated in a currency other than its functional currency.
The increase in Hyatt's share of unconsolidated hospitality ventures net losses, excluding foreign currency during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 was primarily driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated suspension of hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year.
Interest expense. Interest expense increased $53 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by the issuances of the 2022 Notes, the 2025 Notes, and the 2030 Notes during the current year and issuance costs related to the bridge credit facility executed and terminated during 2020. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements" for additional information.
Gains (losses) on sales of real estate and other. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized a $30 million pre-tax loss, which included the reclassification of $24 million of currency translation losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, related to the sale of our shares of the entities which own Hyatt Regency Baku, an $11 million pre-tax loss related to the sale of our shares of the entity which owns the Exhale spa and fitness business, and a $3 million pre-tax loss
related to the sale of land and construction in progress. The losses were partially offset by a $4 million pre-tax gain related to an unrelated third-party's investment in certain of our subsidiaries that developed Hyatt Centric City Center Philadelphia and adjacent parking and retail space and a $4 million pre-tax gain for the sale of a commercial building in Omaha, Nebraska.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized a $349 million pre-tax gain related to the sale of our shares of the entity which owns Grand Hyatt Seoul and adjacent land, a $272 million pre-tax gain related to the sale of Hyatt Regency Atlanta, and a $101 million pre-tax gain related to the sale of the property adjacent to Grand Hyatt San Francisco and assignment of the Apple store lease.
See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements" for additional information.
Asset impairments. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized $38 million of goodwill impairment charges and $24 million of impairment charges related to property and equipment, operating lease ROU assets, and intangible assets.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $18 million of asset impairment charges related to intangible assets, primarily as a result of contract terminations.
See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements" for additional information.
Other income (loss), net. Other income (loss), net decreased $219 million from income of $127 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to a loss of $92 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements" for additional information.
Benefit (provision) for income taxes.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Income (loss) before income taxes $ (960) $ 1,006 $ (1,966)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes 257 (240) 497
Effective tax rate 26.8 % 23.9 % (2.9) %
The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily due to net losses before income taxes. The increase in the effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, is primarily due to U.S. net operating losses that will be benefited at the 35% tax rate in accordance with the terms of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" for further detail.
Segment Results
As described in Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 19 to our Consolidated Financial Statements," we evaluate segment operating performance using owned and leased hotels revenues, management, franchise, and other fees revenues, and Adjusted EBITDA, and amounts for the year ended December 31, 2019 have been recast for the segment changes effective January 1, 2020.
Owned and leased hotels segment.
Revenues, comparable RevPAR, and Adjusted EBITDA decreased significantly during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in March 2020 at our owned and leased properties, resulting in decreased group and transient demand. At March 31, 2020, 18% of our owned and leased hotels were open, and throughout the year, operations have largely resumed across the portfolio, with 82% of our owned and leased hotels open at December 31, 2020.
Owned and leased hotels segment revenues.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse) Currency Impact
Comparable owned and leased hotels revenues $ 511 $ 1,699 $ (1,188) (69.9) % $ (2)
Non-comparable owned and leased hotels revenues 14 184 (170) (92.2) % (1)
Total segment revenues $ 525 $ 1,883 $ (1,358) (72.1) % $ (3)
Comparable owned and leased hotels revenues decreased for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, driven by the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as described above.
The decrease in non-comparable owned and leased hotels revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, was primarily driven by the dispositions of Hyatt Regency Atlanta and Grand Hyatt Seoul in 2019.
Year Ended December 31,
RevPAR Occupancy ADR
2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $) 2020 vs. 2019 2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $)
Comparable owned and leased hotels $ 49 (72.2) % 22.9 % (52.0)% pts $ 215 (8.7) %
The decline in RevPAR at our comparable owned and leased hotels during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was driven by the temporary suspension of operations at certain owned and leased hotels for varying lengths of time during the year as well as low demand, both due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we removed one property from the comparable owned and leased hotels results as the hotel was sold.
Owned and leased hotels segment Adjusted EBITDA.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Owned and leased hotels Adjusted EBITDA $ (135) $ 339 $ (474) (139.7) %
Pro rata share of unconsolidated hospitality ventures Adjusted EBITDA (13) 50 (63) (126.7) %
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $ (148) $ 389 $ (537) (138.0) %
Owned and leased hotels Adjusted EBITDA. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA at our comparable owned and leased hotels during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily driven by the aforementioned decreases in revenues due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Within Adjusted EBITDA, the decreases in revenues were partially offset by decreases in comparable owned and leased hotels expense during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by a reduction of payroll and related costs due to the temporary suspension of hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year. Adjusted EBITDA at our non-comparable owned and leased hotels decreased $40 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to
the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by the dispositions of Hyatt Regency Atlanta and Grand Hyatt Seoul in 2019.
Pro rata share of unconsolidated hospitality ventures Adjusted EBITDA. Our pro rata share of Adjusted EBITDA from our unconsolidated hospitality ventures decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by decreased demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Americas management and franchising segment.
Revenues, full service and select service RevPAR, and Adjusted EBITDA decreased significantly during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in March 2020. At March 31, 2020, 51% of our Americas full service hotels and 91% of Americas select service hotels were open, and throughout the rest of the year, operations resumed across the portfolio, with 90% of our Americas full service hotels and 99% of Americas select service hotels open at December 31, 2020.
Americas management and franchising segment revenues.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Segment revenues
Management, franchise, and other fees $ 152 $ 439 $ (287) (65.4) %
Contra revenue (18) (15) (3) (15.5) %
Other revenues 42 89 (47) (52.5) %
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties 1,152 2,268 (1,116) (49.2) %
Total segment revenues $ 1,328 $ 2,781 $ (1,453) (52.2) %
The decreases in management, franchise, and other fees and other revenues during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, were driven by hotels with suspended operations and depressed demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The decrease in revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, was driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated suspension of hotel operations at a number of hotels for varying lengths of time during the year as well as cost containment initiatives in 2020, both of which led to lower reimbursements for payroll and related costs and expenses related to system-wide services provided to managed and franchised properties.
(Comparable System-wide Hotels) Year Ended December 31,
RevPAR Occupancy ADR
2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $) 2020 vs. 2019 2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $)
Americas full service $ 45 (71.3) % 24.2 % (50.2)% pts $ 187 (11.7) %
Americas select service $ 46 (55.9) % 41.3 % (33.7)% pts $ 111 (20.0) %
The RevPAR decreases at our comparable system-wide full service and select service hotels during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, were due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, two properties left the chain and were removed from the comparable Americas full service system-wide hotel results, and three properties were removed from the comparable Americas select service system-wide hotel results as two properties left the chain and one property is undergoing a significant renovation.
Americas management and franchising segment Adjusted EBITDA.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $ 90 $ 380 $ (290) (76.3) %
Adjusted EBITDA decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by the aforementioned decreases in revenues and by a $12 million increase in bad debt expense, partially offset
by reductions in selling, general, and administrative expenses as a result of cost containment initiatives in 2020, primarily payroll and related costs.
ASPAC management and franchising segment.
Revenues, full service and select service RevPAR, and Adjusted EBITDA decreased significantly during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in late January 2020. At March 31, 2020, 88% of our ASPAC full and select hotels were open. Operations have resumed across the portfolio throughout the rest of the year, with 98% of hotels in ASPAC open at December 31, 2020.
ASPAC management and franchising segment revenues.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Segment revenues
Management, franchise, and other fees $ 61 $ 136 $ (75) (55.3) %
Contra revenue (2) (2) - (36.3) %
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties 75 113 (38) (32.8) %
Total segment revenues $ 134 $ 247 $ (113) (45.7) %
Management, franchise, and other fees decreased for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The decrease in revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, was driven by lower reimbursements for expenses related to system-wide services provided to managed and franchised properties due to cost containment initiatives in 2020.
(Comparable System-wide Hotels) Year Ended December 31,
RevPAR Occupancy ADR
2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $) 2020 vs. 2019 2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $)
ASPAC full service $ 58 (59.5) % 37.3 % (35.5)% pts $ 155 (20.8) %
ASPAC select service $ 32 (40.7) % 45.8 % (19.9)% pts $ 69 (15.0) %
Comparable system-wide hotels RevPAR decreased for year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, driven by decreased inbound travel and low transient demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, one property left the chain and was removed from the comparable ASPAC select service system-wide hotel results, and four properties were removed from the comparable ASPAC full service system-wide hotel results, as three properties left the chain and one property experienced a seasonal closure.
ASPAC management and franchising segment Adjusted EBITDA.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $ 24 $ 87 $ (63) (72.4) %
The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily driven by the aforementioned decrease in revenues during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year, partially offset by a reduction in expenses as a result of cost containment initiatives in 2020, primarily payroll and related costs.
EAME/SW Asia management and franchising segment.
Revenues, full service and select service RevPAR, and Adjusted EBITDA decreased significantly during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in March 2020. At March 31, 2020, 52% of our EAME/SW Asia full and select service hotels were open. Operations have resumed across the portfolio throughout the rest of the year, with 84% of hotels in EAME/SW Asia open at December 31, 2020.
EAME/SW Asia management and franchising segment revenues.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Segment revenues
Management, franchise, and other fees $ 23 $ 83 $ (60) (72.2) %
Contra revenue (10) (5) (5) (91.0) %
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties 55 74 (19) (26.3) %
Total segment revenues $ 68 $ 152 $ (84) (55.6) %
The decrease in management, franchise, and other fees during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, was driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The increase in Contra revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, was primarily driven by a performance cure payment.
The decrease in revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties during year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, was driven by lower reimbursements for expenses related to system-wide services provided to managed and franchised properties due to cost containment initiatives in 2020.
(Comparable System-wide Hotels) Year Ended December 31,
RevPAR Occupancy ADR
2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $) 2020 vs. 2019 2020 vs. 2019
(in constant $)
EAME/SW Asia full service $ 41 (68.1) % 25.7 % (42.9)% pts $ 160 (14.9) %
EAME/SW Asia select service $ 26 (58.0) % 33.9 % (39.0)% pts $ 78 (9.7) %
Comparable system-wide hotels RevPAR decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, three properties that left the chain were removed from the comparable EAME/SW Asia full service system-wide hotel results, and no properties were removed from the comparable EAME/SW Asia select service system-wide hotel results.
EAME/SW Asia management and franchising segment Adjusted EBITDA.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA $ (15) $ 49 $ (64) (130.9) %
The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, was primarily driven by the aforementioned decrease in revenues and an increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses driven by a $15 million increase in bad debt expense, partially offset by reductions in expenses as a result of cost containment initiatives in 2020, primarily payroll and related costs.
Corporate and other.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Better / (Worse)
Revenues $ 34 $ 61 $ (27) (44.5) %
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties $ 4 $ 6 $ (2) (40.8) %
Adjusted EBITDA $ (130) $ (152) $ 22 14.9 %
Revenues decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily driven by decreases in Exhale spa and fitness operations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as decreases in revenue from point transfers related to our co-branded credit card program.
Adjusted EBITDA increased during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to reductions in expenses as a result of cost containment initiatives in 2020, primarily payroll and related costs, reductions in other direct costs at our Exhale spa and fitness operations due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as decreased expenses related to our co-branded credit card program driven by lower point transfers, and integration-related costs incurred in 2019 associated with the acquisition of Two Roads. During the year ended December 31, 2020, Adjusted EBITDA was negatively impacted by $45 million of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties that we do not intend to recover from hotel owners. The costs were associated with providing necessary system-wide services and programs, and during the year, we continued to provide these services despite the reduction in revenues for the reimbursement of these costs due to declines in hotel operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliation
The table below provides a reconciliation of our net income (loss) attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation to EBITDA and a reconciliation of EBITDA to consolidated Adjusted EBITDA:
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Change
Net income (loss) attributable to Hyatt Hotels Corporation $ (703) $ 766 $ (1,469) (191.7) %
Interest expense 128 75 53 70.8 %
(Benefit) provision for income taxes (257) 240 (497) (207.4) %
Depreciation and amortization 310 329 (19) (5.7) %
EBITDA (522) 1,410 (1,932) (137.0) %
Contra revenue 30 22 8 35.6 %
Revenues for the reimbursement of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties (1,286) (2,461) 1,175 47.8 %
Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties 1,375 2,520 (1,145) (45.4) %
Costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties that we do not intend to recover from hotel owners (45) - (45) NM
Equity losses from unconsolidated hospitality ventures 70 10 60 581.9 %
Stock-based compensation expense 24 35 (11) (31.6) %
(Gains) losses on sales of real estate and other 36 (723) 759 105.0 %
Asset impairments 62 18 44 232.4 %
Other (income) loss, net 92 (127) 219 172.8 %
Pro rata share of unconsolidated owned and leased hospitality ventures Adjusted EBITDA (13) 50 (63) (126.7) %
Adjusted EBITDA $ (177) $ 754 $ (931) (123.5) %
Inflation
We do not believe inflation had a material effect on our business in 2020 or 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
We finance our business primarily with existing cash, short-term investments, and cash generated from our operations. As part of our long-term business strategy, we use net proceeds from dispositions to support our acquisitions and new investment opportunities as well as return capital to our shareholders when appropriate. If we deem necessary, we borrow cash under our revolving credit facility or from other third-party sources and may also raise funds by issuing debt or equity securities. We maintain a cash investment policy that emphasizes preservation of capital.
The COVID-19 pandemic and related travel restrictions and other containment efforts have had a significant impact on the travel and lodging and hospitality industries and, as a result, on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. Given the uncertainty and dynamic nature of the situation, we cannot currently estimate the ultimate financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and have therefore taken significant actions to manage operating expenses and cash flows consistent with business needs and demand levels. Those actions include the reduction of (i) capital expenditures; (ii) selling, general, and administrative expenses, including permanent reductions in staffing levels; (iii) a significant portion of owned and leased hotels expenses; and (iv) costs incurred on behalf of our third-party owners and franchisees. We also suspended our quarterly dividend and all share repurchases.
On August 26, 2020, we issued the 2022 Notes and on April 21, 2020, we entered into the Revolver Amendment and issued the 2025 Notes and the 2030 Notes. See our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 1, 2020, April 21, 2020, and April 24, 2020, respectively, all of which are incorporated in this annual report by reference, for more information related to our revolving credit facility amendment and notes offerings. Based on these actions, we believe that our cash position, short-term investments, and cash from operations, together with borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and our access to the capital markets, will be adequate to meet all of our funding requirements and capital deployment objectives for the foreseeable future.
We may, from time to time, seek to retire or purchase additional amounts of our outstanding equity and/or debt securities through cash purchases and/or exchanges for other securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, including pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or an accelerated share repurchase transaction. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
Recent Transactions Affecting Our Liquidity and Capital Resources
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, various transactions impacted our liquidity. See "-Sources and Uses of Cash."
Sources and Uses of Cash
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ (611) $ 396
Investing activities (736) 585
Financing activities 1,525 (541)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (4) 1
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 174 $ 441
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities decreased $1,007 million in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a decline in performance across the portfolio as results were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the $61 million settlement of our interest rate locks upon issuance of the 2030 Notes. This decrease was partially offset by decreased tax payments in 2020.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
2020 Activity:
•We invested $601 million in net purchases of marketable securities and short-term investments.
•We invested $122 million in capital expenditures (see "-Capital Expenditures").
•We invested $65 million in unconsolidated hospitality ventures.
•We issued $32 million of financing receivables.
•We received $72 million of proceeds related to the disposition of 58% ownership interest in certain subsidiaries that developed Hyatt Centric City Center Philadelphia and adjacent parking and retail space.
•We sold the shares of the entities which own Hyatt Regency Baku for approximately $11 million, net of $4 million of cash disposed, closing costs, and proration adjustments.
•We received $6 million of proceeds, net of closing costs and proration adjustments, from the sale of a commercial building in Omaha, Nebraska.
2019 Activity:
•We sold the shares of the entity which owns Grand Hyatt Seoul and adjacent land to an unrelated third party for approximately $467 million, net of closing costs and proration adjustments.
•We sold Hyatt Regency Atlanta to an unrelated third party for approximately $346 million, net of closing costs and proration adjustments.
•We sold the property adjacent to Grand Hyatt San Francisco and assigned the related Apple store lease to an unrelated third party for approximately $115 million, net of closing costs and proration adjustments. Proceeds from the sale were held as restricted for use in a potential like-kind exchange.
•We collected $46 million of unsecured financing receivables related to the Hyatt Regency Mexico City transaction.
•We received $25 million of proceeds from sales activity related to certain equity method investments.
•We sold our contractual right to purchase Hyatt Regency Portland at the Oregon Convention Center to an unrelated third party for approximately $21 million, net of closing costs.
•We invested $369 million in capital expenditures (see "-Capital Expenditures").
Periodically, we enter into like-kind exchange agreements upon the disposition or acquisition of certain properties. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, the proceeds from the sales are placed into an escrow account administered by a qualified intermediary and are unavailable for our use until released. The proceeds are recorded as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets and released (i) if they are utilized as part of a like-kind exchange agreement, (ii) if we do not identify a suitable replacement property within 45 days after the agreement date, or (iii) when a like-kind exchange agreement is not completed within the remaining allowable time period.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
2020 Activity:
•We issued the 2025 and the 2030 Notes and received approximately $890 million of net proceeds, after deducting $10 million of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.
•We issued the 2022 Notes and received approximately $745 million of net proceeds, after deducting $5 million of underwriting discounts and other offering expenses.
•We repurchased 827,643 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $69 million.
•We paid a first quarter $0.20 per share cash dividend on Class A and Class B common stock totaling $20 million.
•We borrowed and repaid $400 million on our revolving credit facility.
2019 Activity:
•We repurchased 5,621,281 shares of Class A and Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $421 million.
•We paid four quarterly $0.19 per share cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock totaling $80 million.
•We paid $24 million of contingent consideration as a result of the acquisition of Two Roads.
•We borrowed and repaid $400 million on our revolving credit facility.
We define net debt as total debt less the total of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. We consider net debt and its components to be an important indicator of liquidity and a guiding measure of capital structure strategy. Net debt is a non-GAAP measure and may not be computed the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies. The following table provides a summary of our debt to capital ratios:
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Consolidated debt (1) $ 3,244 $ 1,623
Stockholders' equity 3,211 3,962
Total capital 6,455 5,585
Total debt to total capital 50.3 % 29.1 %
Consolidated debt (1) 3,244 1,623
Less: Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (1,882) (961)
Net consolidated debt $ 1,362 $ 662
Net debt to total capital 21.1 % 11.9 %
(1) Excludes approximately $671 million and $572 million of our share of indebtedness of our unconsolidated hospitality ventures accounted for under the equity method at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, substantially all of which is non-recourse to us and a portion of which we guarantee pursuant to separate agreements.
Capital Expenditures
We routinely make capital expenditures to enhance our business. We classify our capital expenditures into maintenance and technology, enhancements to existing properties, and investment in new properties under development or recently opened. We have been, and will continue to be, disciplined with respect to our capital spending, taking into account our cash flow from operations.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Enhancements to existing properties $ 60 $ 137
Investment in new properties under development or recently opened 36 139
Maintenance and technology 26 93
Total capital expenditures $ 122 $ 369
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact to our business, we have taken actions to reduce capital expenditures in 2020. We expect to maintain conservative levels of capital expenditures during 2021 due to a continuation of demand pressure resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in enhancements to existing properties is driven by a decrease in discretionary hotel renovations in 2020 as well as significant renovations completed in 2019 for a property in Phoenix and Grand Hyatt Seoul, which was sold during the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in investment in new properties under development or recently opened is primarily driven by a decrease in renovation spend at two Miraval properties and the development of Hyatt Centric City Center Philadelphia and adjacent parking and retail space in 2019 that converted to an equity method investment in 2020. The decrease in maintenance and technology expenditures is driven by decreased spending spread across the owned and leased hotels portfolio.
Senior Notes
The table below sets forth the outstanding principal balance of our various series of senior unsecured notes (collectively, the "Senior Notes") at December 31, 2020, as described in Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements." Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually or quarterly.
Principal amount
$250 million senior unsecured notes maturing in 2021-5.375% $ 250
$750 million senior unsecured notes maturing in 2022-three-month LIBOR plus 3.000% 750
$350 million senior unsecured notes maturing in 2023-3.375% 350
$450 million senior unsecured notes maturing in 2025-5.375% 450
$400 million senior unsecured notes maturing in 2026-4.850% 400
$400 million senior unsecured notes maturing in 2028-4.375% 400
$450 million senior unsecured notes maturing in 2030-5.750% 450
Total Senior Notes
$ 3,050
In the indenture that governs the Senior Notes, we agreed not to:
•create any liens on our principal properties, or on the capital stock or debt of our subsidiaries that own or lease principal properties, to secure debt without also effectively providing that the Senior Notes are secured equally and ratably with such debt for so long as such debt is so secured; or
•enter into any sale and leaseback transactions with respect to our principal properties.
These limitations are subject to significant exceptions.
The indenture also limits our ability to enter into mergers or consolidations or transfer all or substantially all of our assets unless certain conditions are satisfied.
If a change of control triggering event occurs, as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes, we will be required to offer to purchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. With the exception of the 2022 Notes, we may also redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time prior to their maturity at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption plus a make-whole amount. The amount of any make-whole payment depends, in part, on the yield of U.S. Treasury securities with a comparable maturity to the Senior Notes at the date of redemption. The 2022 Notes will not be redeemable at our option at any time before the first anniversary of the issue date of the notes. At any time on or after the first anniversary of the issue date of the 2022 Notes, we may redeem some or all of the notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest.
We are in compliance with all applicable covenants under the indenture governing our Senior Notes at December 31, 2020.
On August 26, 2020, we issued the 2022 Notes. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" and our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 1, 2020, which is incorporated in this annual report by reference, for more information related to the 2022 Notes.
On April 21, 2020, we issued the 2025 Notes and the 2030 Notes. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" and our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 24, 2020, which is incorporated in this annual report by reference, for more information related to the 2025 Notes and 2030 Notes.
Revolving Credit Facility
On April 21, 2020, we entered into the Revolver Amendment. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements" and our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 21, 2020, which is incorporated in this annual report by reference, for more information related to the Revolver Amendment. Terms of the Revolver Amendment include, but are not limited to, waivers on certain covenants and modifications to negative covenants and other terms, including the interest rate. The terms of the Revolver Amendment also restrict our ability to repurchase shares and pay dividends through the first quarter of 2021.
The revolving credit facility is intended to provide financing for working capital and general corporate purposes, including commercial paper backup and permitted investments and acquisitions. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had no balance outstanding. We had $1 million outstanding undrawn letters of credit issued under our revolving credit facility (and reduced availability thereunder) at both December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2020, we had available borrowing capacity of $1,499 million under our revolving credit facility, net of outstanding undrawn letters of credit. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
All of our borrowings under our revolving credit facility are guaranteed by substantially all of our material domestic subsidiaries, as defined in the revolving credit facility. All guarantees are guarantees of payment and performance and not of collection. Hotel Investors I, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, is an additional borrower under our revolving credit facility.
Interest rates on outstanding borrowings are either LIBOR-based or based on an alternate base rate, with margins in each case based on our credit rating or, in certain circumstances, our credit rating and leverage ratio. Interest rates under our revolving credit facility are subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.750%.
Borrowings under our revolving credit facility bear interest, at our option, at either one, two, three, or six month LIBOR (subject to the LIBOR floor) plus a margin of 1.550% per annum (plus any mandatory costs, if applicable) or the alternative base rate plus a margin of 0.550% per annum, in each case depending on our credit rating by either S&P or Moody's or, in certain circumstances, our credit rating and leverage ratio. At December 31, 2020, the interest rate for a one month LIBOR borrowing under our revolving credit facility would have been 2.300%, or LIBOR of 0.144% (but subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.750%) plus the margin. Borrowings under our swingline subfacility will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the alternate base rate plus the applicable percentage for revolving loans that are alternate base rate loans. We are also required to pay letter of credit fees with respect to each letter of credit equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR on the face amount of each letter of credit. In addition, we must pay a fronting fee to the issuer of each letter of credit of 0.10% per annum on the face amount of such letter of credit.
The revolving credit facility also provides for a facility fee of 0.200% of the total commitment of the lenders under the revolving credit facility (depending on our credit rating by either S&P or Moody's). The facility fee is charged regardless of the level of borrowings.
In the event we no longer have a credit rating from either S&P or Moody's or our rating falls below BBB- or Baa3, with respect to borrowings under our revolving credit facility (a) such borrowings will bear interest at LIBOR (subject to the LIBOR floor) plus 2.000% per annum or the alternative base rate referenced above at 1.000% total per annum, in each case, depending on our leverage ratio and (b) the facility fee will be 0.250%.
Our revolving credit facility contains a number of affirmative and restrictive covenants including limitations on the ability to place liens on our direct or indirect subsidiaries' assets; to merge, consolidate, and dissolve; to sell assets; to engage in transactions with affiliates; to change our or our direct or indirect subsidiaries' fiscal year or organizational documents; and to make investments and restricted payments.
The revolving credit facility contains certain covenants, including financial covenants that limit our maximum leverage (consisting of the ratio of Consolidated Adjusted Funded Debt to Consolidated EBITDA, each as defined in the revolving credit facility) to not more than 4.5 to 1 (or 5.5 to 1 as of the two fiscal quarters following the end of the Covenant Waiver Period described below), and limit our Secured Funded Debt Ratio (consisting of the ratio of Secured Funded Debt to Property and Equipment, each as defined in the revolving credit facility), to not more than 0.30 to 1. These financial covenants are measured quarterly, except that the maximum leverage ratio covenant is not required to be measured through the first quarter of 2021 (the "Covenant Waiver Period"). Our revolving credit facility also includes a requirement to maintain Liquidity (as defined in the revolving credit facility) of at least $300 million during the Covenant Waiver Period. Our outstanding Senior Notes do not contain a corresponding financial covenant or a requirement that we maintain certain financial ratios.
Letters of Credit
We issue letters of credit either under the revolving credit facility as discussed above or directly with financial institutions. We had $234 million and $263 million in letters of credit issued directly with financial institutions outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020, these letters of credit had weighted-average fees of approximately 142 basis points and maturity dates of less than one year.
Other Indebtedness and Future Debt Maturities
Excluding the $3,050 million of Senior Notes, all other third-party indebtedness was $194 million, net of $26 million of unamortized discounts and deferred financing fees, at December 31, 2020.
At December 31, 2020, $260 million of our outstanding debt will mature in the following 12 months. We believe we will have adequate liquidity, including our capacity to borrow under our revolving credit facility, and/or proceeds from recent issuances of debt to repay our current debt obligations.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2020:
Payments Due by Period
Total 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter
Debt (1) $ 4,069 $ 407 $ 886 $ 468 $ 106 $ 544 $ 1,658
Finance lease obligations (1) 11 2 2 2 2 2 1
Operating lease obligations 604 43 40 39 37 31 414
Purchase obligations 8 8 - - - - -
Other long-term liabilities (2) 534 2 1 1 1 1 528
Total contractual obligations $ 5,226 $ 462 $ 929 $ 510 $ 146 $ 578 $ 2,601
(1) Includes principal and interest payments; assumes constant foreign exchange rates for floating-rate debt at December 31, 2020.
(2) Primarily consists of deferred compensation plan liabilities; excludes $166 million in long-term taxes payable due to the uncertainty related to the timing of the reversal of those liabilities.
Guarantee Commitments
The following table summarizes our guarantee commitments at December 31, 2020:
Amount of Guarantee Commitments Expiration by Period
Total 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter
Performance guarantees (1) $ 44 $ 13 $ 13 $ 9 $ 4 $ 1 $ 4
Debt repayment and other guarantees (2) 463 235 63 134 29 2 -
Total guarantee commitments $ 507 $ 248 $ 76 $ 143 $ 33 $ 3 $ 4
(1) Consists of contractual agreements with third-party owners which require us to guarantee payments to the owners if specified levels of operating profit are not achieved by their hotels.
(2) Consists of debt repayment and other guarantees with respect to unconsolidated hospitality ventures and certain managed hotels. Certain of these underlying debt agreements have extension periods which are not reflected in the table above. With respect to certain of these guarantees, we have agreements with our unconsolidated hospitality venture partners or the respective hotel owners which reduce our maximum guarantee and are not reflected in the table above.
See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Investment Commitments
The following table summarizes our investment commitments, which represent our commitment, under certain conditions, to lend or provide certain consideration to, or invest in, various business ventures at December 31, 2020:
Amount of Investment Commitments Expected Funding by Period
Total 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter
Investment commitments $ 330 $ 121 $ 85 $ 78 $ 19 $ 6 $ 21
See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2020, our off-balance sheet arrangements included $235 million of letters of credit, $49 million of surety bonds, and $8 million of purchase obligations. These amounts are discussed in "-Sources and Uses of Cash-Revolving Credit Facility and -Letters of Credit," "-Contractual Obligations," and Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods, and the related disclosures in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
A number of our accounting policies, which are described in Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements," are critical due to the fact they involve a higher degree of judgment and estimates. Those accounting policies and other critical estimates are included below. As a result, these accounting policies could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. While we have used our best estimates based on the facts and circumstances available to us at the time, different estimates reasonably could have been used in the current period. In addition, changes in the accounting estimates that we use are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, which may have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments, or conditions. Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies and estimates with the audit committee of the board of directors.
Guarantees
We enter into performance guarantees related to certain hotels we manage. We also enter into debt repayment and other guarantees with respect to unconsolidated hospitality ventures and certain managed and franchised hotels. We record a liability for the fair value of these guarantees at their inception date. In order to estimate the fair value, we use a Monte Carlo simulation to model the probability of possible outcomes. The valuation methodology requires that we make certain assumptions and judgments in our determination of the fair value, which are based on our knowledge of the hospitality industry, market conditions, location of the property, and specific information available at the time of the valuation.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
We evaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year using balances at October 1 and at interim dates if indicators of impairment exist. The Company has five reporting units which have goodwill at December 31, 2020.
We are required to apply judgment when determining whether or not indications of impairment exist. The determination of the occurrence of a triggering event is based on our knowledge of the hospitality industry, historical experience, location of the property or properties, market conditions, and specific information available at the time of the assessment. We realize, however, that the results of our analysis could vary from period to period depending on how our judgment is applied and the facts and circumstances available at the time of the analysis. Judgment is also required in determining the assumptions and estimates used when calculating the fair value of the reporting unit or the indefinite-lived intangible asset.
Historically, changes in estimates used in the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets valuations have not resulted in material impairment charges in subsequent periods, and at December 31, 2020, excluding assets recently impaired, a 10% decline in the underlying cash flows or a 1% increase in the discount rates or terminal capitalization rates would not result in a material impairment of our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets. However, future impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are highly uncertain and difficult to predict. The extent, duration, and magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend on factors such as the impact of the pandemic on global and regional economies, travel and lodging demand, and economic activity as well as actions taken by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the COVID-19 pandemic or any resurgence. The future impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our industry and our business may change the estimates and assumptions used in our valuations, which could result in future impairment charges that may be material to our earnings. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Acquisitions
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. We use judgment to determine the fair value of the assets or businesses acquired and to allocate the fair value to identifiable tangible
and intangible assets. Generally, tangible assets acquired include property and equipment, and intangible assets acquired may include management agreement intangibles, brand intangibles, advanced bookings, or goodwill in a business combination. Changes to the significant assumptions or factors used to determine fair value, in particular assumptions related to cash flow projections, inclusive of revenue projections, and the selection of discount rates, could affect the measurement and allocation of fair value. See Part IV, Item 15 "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Notes 7 and 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements."
Property and Equipment, Operating Lease ROU Assets, and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
We evaluate property and equipment, operating lease ROU assets, and definite-lived intangible assets for impairment quarterly, and when events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable, we evaluate the net book value of the assets by comparing to the projected undiscounted cash flows of the assets. We use judgment to determine whether indications of impairment exist. The determination of the occurrence of an indicator of impairment is based on our knowledge of the hospitality industry, historical experience, location of the property, market conditions, termination of an underlying management agreement, and property-specific information available at the time of the assessment. We realize, however, that the results of our analysis could vary from period to period depending on how our judgment is applied and the facts and circumstances available at the time of the analysis. When an indicator of impairment exists, judgment is also required in determining the assumptions and estimates to use within the recoverability analysis and when calculating the fair value of the asset or asset group, if applicable.
Changes in economic and operating conditions impacting the judgments used could result in impairments to our long-lived assets in future periods. Historically, changes in estimates used in the property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets impairment assessment process have not resulted in material impairment charges in subsequent periods as a result of changes made to those estimates. However, as noted above, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, and they may change the estimates and assumptions used in our cash flow projections, which could result in future impairment charges that may be material to our earnings.
As a result of the acquisition of Two Roads, we recorded management agreement intangibles for both operating and pipeline hotels. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we recognized $9 million and $13 million of impairment charges, respectively, related to management agreement intangibles for contracts that terminated. We may incur impairment charges in a future period if agreements terminate, the timing of which is unpredictable. See Part IV, Item 15 "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Notes 7 and 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements."
Equity Method Investments
We assess investments in unconsolidated hospitality ventures accounted for under the equity method for impairment quarterly. We use judgment to determine whether or not there is an indication that a loss in value has occurred and whether a decline is deemed to be other than temporary. The determination of whether a loss in value has occurred and whether such a decline is deemed to be other than temporary is based on our knowledge of the hospitality industry, historical experience, location of the underlying venture property, market conditions, and venture-specific information available at the time of the assessment. When there is an indication that a loss in value has occurred, judgment is also required in determining the assumptions and estimates to use when calculating the fair value.
Changes in economic and operating conditions impacting these estimates and judgments could result in impairments to our equity method investments in future periods. Historically, changes in estimates used in the impairment assessment process have not resulted in material impairment charges in subsequent periods as a result of changes made to those estimates. However, as noted above, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, and they may change the estimates and assumptions used in our cash flow projections, which could result in future impairment charges that may be material to our earnings. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Income Taxes
Judgment is required in addressing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns (e.g., realization of deferred tax assets, changes in tax laws, or interpretations thereof). In addition, we are subject to examination of our income tax returns by the IRS and other tax authorities. A change in the assessment of the outcomes of such matters could materially impact our consolidated financial statements.
We evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return to determine whether they are "more likely than not" of being sustained assuming that the tax reporting positions will be examined by taxing authorities with full knowledge of all relevant information prior to recording the related tax benefit in our consolidated financial statements. If a position drops
below the "more likely than not" standard, the benefit can no longer be recognized. Assumptions, judgment, and the use of estimates are required in determining if the "more likely than not" standard has been met when developing the provision for income taxes. A change in the assessment of the "more likely than not" standard with respect to a position could materially impact our consolidated financial statements. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements."
Loyalty Program Future Redemption Obligation and Revenue Recognition
We utilize an actuary to assist with the valuation of the deferred revenue liability related to the loyalty program. Changes in the estimates, including the anticipated timing and value of future point redemptions and an estimate of the breakage for points that will not be redeemed, could result in further material changes to our liability and the amount of revenue we recognize when redemptions occur. As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, over the course of 2020 we revised our estimate of the anticipated timing of our future point redemptions over the next 12 months. The current portion of our deferred revenue liability related to our loyalty program decreased by $109 million at December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019, in part due to changes in assumptions related to the timing of future redemptions. See Part IV, Item 15 "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements."
At December 31, 2020, our total deferred revenue liability related to the loyalty program was $733 million. A 10% decrease in the breakage assumption would result in an increase in the liability of approximately $36 million at December 31, 2020.
Incremental Borrowing Rate and Accounting for Leases
In determining the present value of our operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities, we estimate an incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") by applying a portfolio approach based on lease terms. Certain of our leases have terms that exceed 30 years. Given the lack of publicly available data for longer-term borrowing rates, determining the IBR for certain of our longer-term leases requires additional judgment. Changes in these estimates could result in a material change to our lease liabilities. See Part IV, Item 15 "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements."
At December 31, 2020, our operating lease liabilities are $406 million. A 1% decrease in our estimated IBR would increase our operating lease liabilities by approximately $39 million.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risk primarily from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. In certain situations, we seek to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates by entering into financial arrangements to provide a hedge against a portion of the risks associated with such volatility. We continue to have exposure to such risks to the extent they are not hedged. We enter into derivative financial arrangements to the extent they meet the objectives described above, and we do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. At December 31, 2020, we were a party to hedging transactions, including the use of derivative financial instruments, as discussed below.
Interest Rate Risk
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes due to our borrowing activities. Our objective is to manage the risk of interest rate changes on the results of operations, cash flows, and the market value of our debt by creating an appropriate balance between our fixed and floating-rate debt. We enter into interest rate derivative transactions from time to time, including interest rate swaps and interest rate locks, in order to maintain a level of exposure to interest rate variability that we deem acceptable. To enhance our liquidity profile and cash position in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 we entered into the Revolver Amendment and issued the 2022 Notes, the 2025 Notes, and the 2030 Notes, and this activity increased our interest rate exposure for both existing debt and borrowing capacity.
On April 21, 2020, we settled our outstanding interest rate locks upon issuance of the 2025 Notes and the 2030 Notes and had no outstanding interest rate locks at December 31, 2020. See Part IV, Item 15, "Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule-Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements." At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we did not hold any interest rate swap contracts.
The following table sets forth the contractual maturities and the total fair values at December 31, 2020 for our financial instruments materially affected by interest rate risk:
Maturities by Period
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total carrying amount (1) Total fair value
Fixed-rate debt $ 255 $ 5 $ 355 $ 6 $ 456 $ 1,397 $ 2,474 $ 2,756
Average interest rate (2) 4.89 %
Floating-rate debt (3) $ 4 $ 754 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 17 $ 787 $ 805
Average interest rate (2) 3.38 %
(1) Excludes $9 million of finance lease obligations and $26 million of unamortized discounts and deferred financing fees.
(2) Average interest rate at December 31, 2020.
(3) Includes Grand Hyatt Rio de Janeiro construction loan which had a 6.54% interest rate at December 31, 2020.
Foreign Currency Exposures and Exchange Rate Instruments
We transact business in various foreign currencies and utilize foreign currency forward contracts to offset our exposure associated with the fluctuations of certain foreign currencies. The U.S. dollar equivalents of the notional amount of the outstanding forward contracts, the majority of which relate to intercompany transactions, with terms of less than one year, were $172 million and $194 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
We intend to offset the gains and losses related to our third-party debt and intercompany transactions with gains or losses on our foreign currency forward contracts such that there is a negligible effect on net income (loss). At December 31, 2020, a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would result in an immaterial change in the fair value of the hedging instruments.
For the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the effects of these derivative instruments resulted in $9 million of net losses, $3 million of net gains, and $15 million of net gains, respectively, recognized in other income (loss), net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). We offset the gains and losses on our foreign currency forward contracts with gains and losses related to our intercompany loans and transactions, such that there is a negligible effect to net income (loss). At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $10 million and $2 million of liabilities, respectively, recorded in current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets related to derivative instruments.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The consolidated financial statements and supplementary data required by Item 8 are contained in Item 15 of this annual report and are incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is included in Part IV, Item 15 of this annual report.
Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
The Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is included in Part IV, Item 15 of this annual report.
Changes in Internal Control.
There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
Part III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance.
The information required by this Item 10 is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Company's definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information required by this Item 10 appears under the captions: "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-PROPOSAL 1- ELECTION OF DIRECTORS," "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS," "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE," "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS-Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee," "STOCK OWNERSHIP INFORMATION-DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) REPORTS," and "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS-Audit Committee" in the definitive proxy statement. See Part I, "Information about our Executive Officers" of this annual report for information regarding executive officers of the Company.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The Company has adopted the Hyatt Hotels Corporation Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code of Ethics"), which is applicable to all of the Hyatt directors, officers, and colleagues, including the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer or Controller, and other senior financial officers performing similar functions. The Code of Ethics is posted on the Company's website at http://www.hyatt.com. The Company will furnish a copy of the Code of Ethics to any person, without charge, upon written request directed to: Treasurer and Senior Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Finance, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, 150 North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 60606. In the event that the Company amends or waives any of the provisions of the Code of Ethics that applies to the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer or Controller, and other senior financial officers performing similar functions, the Company intends to disclose the subsequent information on its website.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Company's definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information related to this Item 11 appears under the captions: "EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION," "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-TALENT AND COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION," "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-COMPENSATION OF NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS," "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-TALENT AND COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT," and "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS-Talent and Compensation Committee-Compensation Risk Considerations" in the definitive proxy statement.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Company's definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information related to this Item 12 appears under the caption "STOCK OWNERSHIP INFORMATION-SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT" in the definitive proxy statement.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides certain information at December 31, 2020 about Class A common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans:
Plan category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the first column)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders 6,640,609 (1) $54.90 (2) 9,029,278 (3) (4)
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders - - 1,469,195 (5)
Total 6,640,609 $54.90 10,498,473
(1) Includes (a) time-vested stock appreciation rights ("SARs") to purchase 4,677,013 shares of Class A common stock issued under the LTIP with a weighted-average exercise price of $54.90 (calculated on a one-for-one basis), (b) 1,952,604 shares of Class A common stock to be issued or retained, as applicable, upon the vesting of time-vested restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance-vested restricted stock units ("PSUs") issued under the LTIP for which no exercise price will be paid (assuming maximum payout of PSU awards), and (c) 10,992 shares of Class A common stock issued pursuant to the ESPP in connection with the October 2020 to December 2020 purchase period (for which shares were issued in January 2021).
(2) The calculation of weighted-average exercise price only includes outstanding SARs.
(3) Includes (a) 8,109,881 shares of Class A common stock that remain available for issuance under the LTIP and (b) 919,397 shares of Class A common stock that remain available for issuance pursuant to the ESPP.
(4) Effective May 20, 2020, the plan's authorized share reserve is based on a fungible unit system, under which full value awards (including RSUs, PSUs and restricted shares) count as two fungible units for every one share of common stock subject to the award (and each share subject to any such award thus reduces the available reserve by two), while non-full value awards (such as stock options and SARs) count as one fungible unit for every one share of common stock subject to the award (and each share subject to any such award thus reduces the available reserve by one).
(5) Includes (a) 1,169,195 shares of Class A common stock that remain available for issuance pursuant to the DCP and (b) 300,000 shares of Class A common stock that remain available for issuance pursuant to the FRP.
The DCP provides eligible participants employed in the United States with the opportunity to defer a portion of their compensation and receive employer contributions. Compensation deferred under the DCP as well as employer contributions, if any, are credited to a participant's account under the DCP and are held in a rabbi trust on behalf of the participants. A participant may direct the investment of funds in such participant's account in certain investment funds. In 2010, certain participants were offered a one-time election to have up to 15% of certain fully vested and nonforfeitable accounts invested in Class A common stock (with the account balances calculated as of June 1, 2010). In connection with such elections, 30,805 shares of Class A common stock were issued to the trustee of the DCP. The number of shares of Class A common stock to be allocated to each electing participant's account was determined by dividing the dollar amount of such participant's elected percentage of such participant's account balance by the closing price of Class A common stock on June 2, 2010. The shares of Class A common stock held in such accounts are held in the trust on behalf of the participant until distributed upon termination of employment. Participants' accounts under the DCP generally are distributed in cash. However, the portion of the participant's account invested in Class A common stock will be distributed in shares of Class A common stock. The material terms of the FRP are the same as the material terms of the DCP. Participants in the FRP are employees located outside of the United States. Participants in the FRP have not been given an election to invest their accounts in Class A common stock due to international securities law considerations. However, the board of directors has reserved 300,000 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the FRP in the event that participants in the FRP are given such an election in the future.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Company's definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information related to this Item 13 appears under the captions: "CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS" and "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE" in the definitive proxy statement.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Company's definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information related to this Item 14 appears under the caption "INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM" in the definitive proxy statement.
Part IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule.
The following documents are filed as part of this annual report.
(a) Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements are included in this annual report on the pages indicated:
Page
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
F- 1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F- 2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F- 5
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018
F- 6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018
F- 7
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
F- 8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018
F- 9
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018
F- 12
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F- 13
(b) Financial Statement Schedule
The following financial statement schedule is included in this annual report on the page indicated:
Page
Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018
SCHII-1
(c) Exhibits
The Exhibit Index follows Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018 and is incorporated herein by reference.