EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1023994
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1023994_10-K_2022_0001213900-22-020226.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
History and Company Overview
We are a provider of modular facilities (“Modules”). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Modules we supplied were primarily for retail, restaurant and military use and were manufactured by third party suppliers using our proprietary technology and design and engineering expertise, which modifies code-engineered cargo shipping containers and purpose-built modules for use for safe and sustainable commercial, industrial and residential building. With our acquisition in September 2020 of Echo DCL, LLC (“Echo”), one of our key supply chain providers, we now have more control over the manufacturing process and have increased our product offerings to add Modules made out of wood. In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic we began increasing our focus on providing our Modules as health care facilities for deployable medical response solutions. Our partnership with Clarity Lab Solutions, LLC (“Clarity Labs”) in Boca Raton, Florida, a CLIA-certified laboratory, has allowed us to provide laboratory testing in our Modules. During 2021, we also began to focus on acquiring property to build multi-family housing communities that allows us to utilize the manufacturing services of Echo.
Prior to October 2019, our business model was solely a project-based construction model pursuant to which we were responsible for the design and construction of finished products that incorporated our technology primarily to customers in the retail, restaurant, military and education industries throughout the United States. In October 2019, we changed our business model for our residential building construction to a royalty fee model and entered into a five-year exclusive license with CPF GP 2019-1 LLC (“CPF”) under which CPF licensed on an exclusive basis our proprietary technology and intellectual property to develop and commercialize products in the United States (and its territories) for residential use, including, without limitation, single-family residences and multi-family residences, but excluding military housing. On June 15, 2021, we terminated the exclusive license by mutual agreement and ceased our royalty fee model.
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our core customer base was comprised of architects, landowners, builders and developers who use our Modules in commercial and residential structures. Our cargo modified Modules allow for the redesign, repurpose and conversion of heavy-gauge steel cargo shipping containers into SGBlocks™, which are safe green building blocks for commercial, industrial, and residential building construction, rather than consuming new steel and lumber. Our technology and expertise is also used to purpose-build modules, or prefabricated steel modular units customized for use in modular construction (“SGPBMs” and, together with SGBlocks™, “Modules”), primarily to augment or complement an SGBlocks™ structure.
In March 2020, we began increasing our focus on providing our Modules as health care facilities for deployable medical response solutions. In May, we entered into a joint development agreement with Grimshaw Design to assist with the deployment of our D-Tec suite of prefabricated health facilities for on-site immediate COVID-19 testing. In September 2020, we entered the U.S. test lab market by forming a joint venture with Clarity Labs , a manufacturer and market leader of rapid diagnostic tests, to launch CLIA-certified laboratories. Our joint venture with Clarity Labs has allowed us to not only supply our D-Tec suite of prefabricated health facilities but also allows us to provide testing services at such facilities. We have supplied our building modular coronavirus testing centers and provide testing services for Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), Memorial in Wayne County, Michigan and have been selected as a Trusted Testing Partner (TTP) for Hawaii’s COVID-19 travel testing program.
In September 2020, we acquired substantially all the assets of Echo, a Texas limited liability company, except for Echo's real estate holdings for which we obtained a right of first refusal. Echo is a container/modular manufacturer based in Durant, Oklahoma specializing in the design and construction of permanent modular and temporary modular buildings and was one of our key supply chain partners. Echo catered to the military, education, administration facilities, healthcare, government, commercial and residential customers. This acquisition has allowed us to expand our reach for our Modules and has offered us an opportunity to vertically integrate a large portion of our cost of goods sold, as well as increase margins, productivity and efficiency in the areas of design, estimating, manufacturing and delivery.
2021 Real Estate Developments
During February 2021, we formed SGB Development Corp. (“SG DevCorp”), our wholly owned subsidiary, which was formed for the purpose of real property development utilizing our technologies and our manufacturing facility.
On May 10, 2021, we acquired a 50+ acre site in Lago Vista, Texas for $3,500,000, paid in cash, pursuant to the Unimproved Property Contract, dated February 25, 2021, with Northport Harbor LLC. The acquired parcel sits on Lake Travis on the Colorado River in central Texas and subsequent to the year ending December 31, 2021, the property is listed for sale.
On May 31, 2021, SG DevCorp, acquired a 50% membership interest for $600,000 in a limited liability company that is building affordable housing in the Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area to be known as “Norman Berry Village”. SGB DevCorp has partnered with CMC Development Group, a New York City-based real estate development firm with national expertise providing design build services. We expect the project to develop 125,000 square feet and build approximately 138 units at Norman Berry Village.
On June 24, 2021, SG DevCorp, as member, entered into an Operating Agreement, with Jacoby Development, Inc., a Georgia corporation (“JDI”), as manager, dated June 24, 2021 (the “Operating Agreement”), for JDI-Cumberland Inlet, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company (“JDI-Cumberland”), pursuant to which we acquired a 10% non-dilutable equity interest (“LLC Interest”) in JDI-Cumberland and agreed to contribute $3,000,000 in capital to it for the development of a 1,286 acre waterfront parcel in downtown historic St. Marys, Georgia (the “Project”). SG DevCorp in conjunction with Jacoby Development of Atlanta, Georgia expects to develop a mixed-use destination community. The closing on the 1,286-acre waterfront parcel occurred prior to the end of Q2 2021.
The Operating Agreement provides JDI with the right, at its option, to purchase the LLC Interest from SG DevCorp on or before June 24, 2023 for $3,000,000, plus an amount equal to an annual internal rate of return (IRR) on such funds of forty (40%) percent (i.e., $1,200,000 annualized). After June 24, 2023, the Operating Agreement provides JDI with the right, at its option, to purchase the LLC Interest from SG DevCorp for $3,000,000, plus an amount equal to an IRR of thirty-two and one-half (32.5%) percent (i.e., $975,000 annualized). The Operating Agreement also provides that if JDI receives a good faith, bona fide written offer from an unaffiliated third party to purchase all or any portion of the Project, JDI shall first offer the Project to SG DevCorp at the same price Echo, entered into a Fabrication and Building Services Agreement (“Building Services Agreement”) with JDI-Cumberland to design, fabricate and install various improvements for the Project using modular structures, pursuant to budgets prepared by SG Echo submitted for approval to JDI-Cumberland, including a marina, town center, apartments and single family units, townhomes, commercial, retail and lodging buildings/structures, eco-tourism park, camping yurts, cabins and cottages. The Building Services Agreement has an initial term of three years, with two-year automatic renewal provisions.
On July 14, 2021, SG DevCorp issued a Real Estate Lien Note, dated July 14, 2021, in the principal amount of $2,000,000 (the “Note”), secured by a Deed of Trust, dated July 14, 2021, on its 50+ acre Lake Travis project site in Lago Vista, Texas and a related Assignment of Leases and Rents, dated July 8, 2021, for net loan proceeds of $1,958,233 after fees. The Note has a term of one (1) year, provides for payments of interest only at a rate of twelve percent (12%) per annum and may be prepaid without penalty commencing nine (9) months after its issuance date. If the Note is prepaid prior to nine (9) months after its issuance date, a 0.5% prepayment penalty is due. SG DevCorp intends to use the proceeds of the Note for its development project.
On October 28, 2021, SG Echo entered into a Lease Agreement (the “Lease”) with May Properties, LLC, to lease an approximately 56,775 square foot facility located at 101 Waldron Road in Durant Oklahoma (the “Premises”). The date on which SG Echo will become responsible for paying rent under the Lease (the “Lease Commencement Date”) will be the earlier of (i) the date SG Echo begins to operate its business on the Premises or (ii) ninety (90) days after October 28, 2021. The initial term of the Lease will commence on the Lease Commencement Date and expire one hundred and twenty (120) months after the Lease Commencement Date, with two five-year options to renew. SG Echo’s monthly base rent for the Premises will start at $15,991.63 commencing on the Lease Commencement Date and will increase at the rate of two percent (2%) on an annual basis up to a maximum monthly base rent of $19,111.47. The leased Premises is expected to add two new production lines for Echo to manufacture projects for our subsidiary, SG DevCorp and others customers. Upon Echo completing certain improvements to the Premises, it will receive a credit against future rent, not to exceed $750,000, for the cost and expense of the improvements to be applied pro rata over the remaining term of the Lease. The Lease also grants Echo an option to purchase the Premises for (i) $1,000,000 after the fifteenth (15th) through the end of the twenty-fourth (24th) full calendar month of the Lease or (ii) $1,050,000 during the twenty-fifth (25th) through the end of the thirty-sixth (36th) full calendar month of the Lease. Pursuant to a Guaranty Agreement, dated October 28, 2021, Echo’s obligations under the Lease have been guaranteed by the Company.
In connection with the Lease, Echo entered into a Loan Agreement (“Loan Agreement”) with the Durant Industrial Authority (the “Authority”) pursuant to which it received $750,000 to be used for improvements on the Premises and issued to the Authority a non-interest bearing Forgivable Promissory Note in the principal amount of $750,000 (the “Durant Note”). The Durant Note is due on April 29, 2029 and guaranteed by us, provided, if no event of default has occurred under the Durant Note or Loan Agreement, one-third (1/3) of the balance of the Durant Note will be forgiven on April 29, 2027, one-half (1/2) of the balance of the Durant Note will be forgiven on April 29, 2028, and the remainder of the balance of the Durant Note will be forgiven on April 29, 2029. The Loan Agreement includes a covenant by Echo to employ a minimum of 75 full-time employees in Durant Oklahoma and pay them no less than 1.5 times the federal minimum wage, and provides SG Echo 24 months to comply with the provisions.
On November 10, 2021 we entered into a Purchase Agreement ("Purchase Agreement) with the Durant Industrial Authority to acquire 100% ownership of approximately 114 mixed-use acres in Durant, Oklahoma for $865,000. We anticipate building approximately 300 residential units and up to 680,000 square feet of industrial manufacturing space on the mixed-use property. The closing on the 114 mixed-use acres occurred in the first quarter of 2022.
Terminated License Agreement with CPF GP 2019-1 LLC
On June 15, 2021, we terminated that certain Exclusive License Agreement, dated as of October 3, 2019 (the “License Agreement”), with CPF, pursuant to which we had granted CPF an exclusive license solely within the United States and its legal territories to our technology, intellectual property, any improvements thereto, and any related permits, in order to develop and commercialize products within the field of design and project management platforms for residential use, including single-family residences and multi-family residences, but excluding military. In connection with the termination of the License, we entered into a Settlement and Mutual Release Agreement (the "Settlement and Mutual Release Agreement") with CPF, and Capital Plus Financial, LLC (“Capital Plus”), a limited partner of CPF, pursuant to which the License Agreement was terminated, we released CPF and CPF MF 2019-1 LLC (“CPF MF”) for any claims in exchange for releases from CPF and Capital Plus and we received an assignment of CPF’s right under certain circumstances to a $1.25 million redemption distribution from CPF MF under its Operating Agreement. We and Paul Galvin previously made loans to CPF in the principal amount of $650,000 and $100,000 evidenced by promissory notes pursuant to the terms of a certain Loan Agreement. The loans are unaffected by the Settlement and Mutual Release Agreement and remain in effect and outstanding in accordance with the terms of the notes evidencing such loans.
Under the License Agreement, during the initial term, CPF had agreed to pay us a royalty of (i) five percent (5%) on the first $20,000,000 of gross revenues derived from CPF’s commercialization of the license (net of customary discounts, sales taxes, delivery charges, and amounts for returns) (the “Gross Revenues”), (ii) four and one-half percent (4.5%) on the next $30,000,000 of Gross Revenues, and (iii) five percent (5%) on all Gross Revenues thereafter (collectively, the “Royalty”), subject to the following minimum royalty payments determined on a cumulative basis during the initial term: $500,000 in year 1, $750,000 in year 2, $1,500,000 in year 3, $2,000,000 in year 4, and $2,500,000 in year 5. During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we did not receive any royalty payments under the License Agreement.
On October 3, 2019, we had entered into a Loan Agreement and Promissory Note (the “Loan Agreement”) with CPF, which was amended on October 15, 2019 and further amended on November 7, 2019, pursuant to which we agreed to loan CPF $750,000 at an annual interest rate of five percent (5%), with a maturity date of July 31, 2023. Under the Loan Agreement, as amended, we agreed to advance to CPF the first installment of the principal amount, equal to $500,000, no later than January 31, 2020 and the second installment of the principal amount, equal to $250,000, no later than April 15, 2020. As security for this loan, we received a security interest in all of CPF’s membership interests in CPF MF, a Texas limited liability company of which CPF GP is the general partner. If we failed to fund either principal installment, such failure would have constituted a default under the Loan Agreement and a cross default under the License Agreement. On January 21, 2020, pursuant to the Loan Agreement, CPF issued to us a promissory note in the principal amount of $400,000 (the “Company Note”) and issued to Paul Galvin, our Chairman and CEO, a promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 (the “Galvin Note”). The transaction closed on January 22, 2020, on which date we loaned CPF $400,000 and Mr. Galvin personally loaned CPF $100,000 on behalf of us. The Company Note and Galvin Note bear interest at five percent (5%) per annum, payable, together with the unpaid principal amount of the promissory notes, on the earlier of the July 31, 2023 maturity date or upon the liquidation, redemption sale or issuance of a dividend upon the LLC interests in CPF MF 2019-1 LLC; provided, that the terms of the Galvin Note provide that all interest payments due to Mr. Galvin under the Galvin Note shall be paid directly to, and for the benefit of, our Company.
Joint Development Agreement with Grimshaw
On May 27, 2020, we entered into a Joint Development Agreement with Grimshaw Design, LLC ("Grimshaw"). Grimshaw is engaged in architecture, planning and industrial design. Our joint agreement is to develop a prototype and "proof of concept" for a scalable, customizable and rapidly deployable medical facility with laboratory systems, testing booths, spaces for in-patient and out-patient care and/or other medical care units, based upon Grimshaw's designs and utilizing our container-based or other modular structures, or pre-fabricated modular structures jointly developed by us and Grimshaw.
On July 6, 2020, we expanded our relationship with Grimshaw when we entered into another Joint Development Agreement with Grimshaw. Our joint agreement is to develop a prototype and "proof of concept" for a scalable, customizable and rapidly deployable educational facility with classrooms, spaces for teaching, workshops, dining, recreation, sports and/or other education-related purposes, based upon Grimshaw's designs and utilizing our container-cased or other modular structures, or pre-fabricated modular structures jointly developed by us and Grimshaw.
On November 19, 2020, we and Memorial Hospital, of Michigan (“Memorial), entered into a Professional Services and Capital Support Contract (“PSCSC”) with Wayne County, Michigan to appoint Memorial the primary contractor for the construction of portable on-site laboratory facilities for COVID-19 testing. The PSCCS engages us as a sub-contractor to render services and support to Memorial in connection with the fulfillment of statements of work submitted from Wayne County to Memorial. The program deploys the D-Tec Product Series, designed by Grimshaw and developed by SG Blocks, to deliver COVID-19 PCR testing and on-site CLIA lab services directly into high risk and underserved areas. 20,352,054 D-Tec 1 Collection Units were deployed throughout Wayne County and provided COVID-19 test samples to the CLIA lab for clinical testing services. The COVID-19 testing program with Memorial ceased operations in November 2021.
Joint Venture with Clarity Lab Solutions, LLC and Chicago Airport Testing, LLC
On August 27, 2020, we entered into a joint venture agreement (the “Clarity Mobile Venture”) with Clarity Labs, a CLIA-certified laboratory based in Miami, Florida. Under the Clarity Mobile Venture, we, along with Clarity Labs have agreed to jointly market, sell, and distribute certain lab testing products and services (“Clarity Mobile Venture”). On November 12, 2020, Clarity Mobile Venture entered into a contract with the City of Los Angeles for the operations of a COVID-19 PCR Test Laboratory at Los Angeles International Airport ("LAX") to provide a full-service modular COVID-19 laboratory and testing facility onsite at Los Angeles International Airport. This facility conducts PCR tests with results available within three hours for passengers and airline crew, and no later than 24 hours for LAX airport employees. Additionally, other rapid coronavirus tests including antigen tests were deployed at LAX in 2021. Clarity Mobile Venture is the primary operator. On November 16, 2020, we announced that the State of Hawaii had selected Clarity Labs and Clarity Mobile Venture to provide COVID-19 testing and clinical laboratory at LAX for testing of passengers travelling between Los Angeles and Hawaii. In January 2021, we and other third parties formed Chicago Airport Testing LLC (“CAT”). CAT is in the business of marketing, selling, distributing leasing and otherwise commercially exploiting certain products and services in the COVID-19 testing and other medical industry. CAT collected rental revenue from subleasing to a consortium of government entities assisting in COVID-19 testing. The consortium of government entities exercised their rights to vacant in third quarter 2021 and CAT has ceased operations. For the year-end December 31, 2021, we recognized approximately $31,400,000 in revenue related to activities through these joint ventures, which is included in medical revenue on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Acquisition of Echo DCL, LLC
On September 17, 2020, we, through SG Echo, entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (“Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Echo DCL, LLC, a container/modular manufacturer that had been a key supplier of ours, to acquire substantially all the assets of Echo, except for Echo's real estate holdings, for which SG Echo has obtained a right of first refusal to acquire same. On September 23, 2020, we, SG Echo and Echo DCL completed the transactions as contemplated by the Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Closing”).
Pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, at the Closing we paid to Echo an aggregate of $1,059,600 in cash, subject to the escrow of certain of the purchase price funds, and SG Echo agreed to pay certain of Echo’s indebtedness, including the obligation to (i) satisfy a Guidance Line of Credit loan (“GLOC Loan”) in the principal amount of approximately $616,000 ($316,432 of which payoff proceeds were delivered by SG Echo to Echo DCL at the closing), (ii) pay the debt service on certain of Echo’s indebtedness in the approximate principal amount of $1.7 million for 12 months following the closing, (iii) pay the monthly principal and interest due under the BTH Credit Line in the principal amount of $500,000 for 12 months following the closing and if Echo DCL has not fully satisfied the outstanding principal and interest due under the BTH Credit Line and caused the BTH lender to release and terminate any encumbrances on the Purchase Assets arising out of the BTH Credit Line, we have the right to pay the outstanding principal and interest due, and (iv) pay earn out payments equal to the net income received from the acquired business during the 3-month period beginning on the first day of the first full month that is 3 months after the closing date, the 3-month period following the first earn out period and the 3-month period following the second earn out period, payable in 50% in cash and 50% in shares of our common stock to be valued a $2.50 per share; provided, that up to approximately $300,000 of any amounts paid in respect of the GLOC Loan, and any amounts paid in respect of the debt service on Echo’s indebtedness and line of credit with BTH Bank, as described in subparagraphs (i), (ii) or (iii) above, shall be offset against and reduce the earnout payments due to Echo DCL. In no event may the number of shares of common stock to be issued to Echo exceed 19.99% of our outstanding shares on the date of the execution of the Asset Purchase Agreement. As of December, 31, 2021, no earn out payments have been issued to Echo DCL.
Products Produced with Our GreenSteel™ Modular Technology
The building products developed with our proprietary technology and design and engineering expertise are generally stronger, more durable, environmentally sensitive, and erected in less time than traditional construction methods. The use of the SG Blocks building structure typically provides between four to six points towards the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (“LEED”) certification levels, including reduced site disturbance, resource reuse, recycled content, innovation in design and use of local and regional materials. Due to the ability of SG Blocks to satisfy such requirements, we believe the products produced utilizing our technology and expertise is a leader in environmentally sustainable construction.
There are three core product offerings that utilize our involves GreenSteel technology and engineering expertise. The first product offering involves GreenSteel Modules, which are the structural core and shell of an SG Blocks building. We procure the containers, engineer required openings with structural steel enforcements, paint the containers and then deliver them on-site, where the customer or a customer’s general contractor will complete the entire finish out and installation. The second product offering involves replicating the process to create the GreenSteel product and, in addition, installing selected materials, finishes and systems (including, but not limited to floors, windows, doors, interior painting, electrical wiring and fixtures, plumbing outlets and bathrooms, roofing system) and delivering SG Blocks pre-fabricated containers to the site for a third party licensed general contractor to complete the final finish out and installation. Finally, the third product offering is the completely fabricated and finished SG Blocks building (including but not limited to floors, windows, doors, interior painting, electrical wiring and fixtures, plumbing outlets and bathrooms, roofing systems), including erecting the final unit on site and completing any other final steps. The building is ready for occupancy and/or use as soon as installation is completed. Construction administration and/or project management services are typically included in our product offerings.
Other Modular Products
We also produce pre-fabricated modular containers, for both residential and commercial use, at Echo using wood as the base material instead of steel containers. We have found that many clients prefer a mix of wood and steel containers for their projects, wood for aesthetics and cost-savings, and steel for stability and durability. Since our acquisition of Echo, approximately 75% of our Module sales have been for wood-based modules.
ESR Approval
In April 2017, the ICC Evaluation Service, LLC (“ICC-ES”) granted us an Evaluation Service Report (“ESR”) for the SGBlocks structural building materials. We believe we are the first modular building company to receive such certification. Our ESR indicates that the ICC-ES recognizes the suitability and technical capabilities of the SGBlocks structural building materials for use in compliance with the International Building Code and Residential Code, the California Building Code and Residential Code, and the Florida Building Code-Building and Residential. We believe our ESR has expedited reviews and approvals by state and local building departments, helped the SGBlocks concept gain wider acceptance in the construction industry and opened up licensing opportunities internationally We also believe the ESR will make it more difficult for other companies in the industry to compete with us because the quality control and design acceptance criteria are specific to us and our associated facilities.
Our ESR is site-specific; therefore, only the inspected and approved facilities can place the ICC-ES mark on the containers. We currently source or fabricate our SGBlocks from 18 facilities located throughout the continental United States. The ICC-ES has currently approved six of these facilities to place the ICC-ES medallion and we will seek ICC-ES approval for additional facilities on an as needed basis. Each of these facilities undergo an annual inspection by ICC-ES. Currently, each of these facilities has been re-certified by ICC-ES and is current with their recertifications. All SGBlocks manufactured at these facilities have an ESR medallion that validates the quality control process. Because our ESR does not cover SGPBMs, this certification does not extend to buildings constructed using SGPBMs.
Target Markets
To date, the target markets for the products that utilize our technology and expertise have been the new construction market in the United States. The Modules that utilize our technology and expertise have a particular application in a number of segments, including:
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Single-Family and Multi-Family Housing
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Restaurants and Quick Service Restaurants
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Military
● Education/Student Housing
● Health Care including medical laboratories
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Equipment Enclosures and Stacking Solutions
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Office and Commercial
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Commercial and residential customers
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Athletic facilities and support structures
● Administration Facilities
In addition, future target markets for expansion of such products and services include data centers, warehouse/public storage, reclamation/drop off centers and medical.
Our Competitive Strengths
Although the construction industry is highly competitive, we are committed to educating the real estate community on the benefits of our technology and expertise and positioning the products that utilize our technology and expertise as complementary to the strategy of developers, rather than as competition. We may compete for building opportunities with regional, national and international builders that possess greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do, and competition within the general construction industry may increase if there is future consolidation in the land development and construction industry or from new building technologies that could arise. Within the modular building space, we compete against a small number of companies providing modular-building services. The principal competitive factors in our business include, but are not limited to, the availability of building materials; technical product knowledge and expertise; previous experience in modular construction; consulting or other service capabilities; pricing of products; and the marketability of our ESR within the structural building space.
We believe we can distinguish ourselves from our competitors on the basis of our ESR, quality, cost and construction time savings when utilizing our technology and expertise. Our proprietary construction for our cargo based containers method is typically less expensive than traditional construction methods, particularly in urban locations and multi-story projects, and construction time is also generally reduced by using our construction method, reducing both construction and soft costs substantially. SGBlocks are designed to be hurricane-, tornado- and earthquake-resistant and able to withstand harsh climate conditions. The flexibility and the stack-ability of the Modules allows architects, developers and owners to design Modules to meet their specific needs. In addition, our management team has a breadth of knowledge in the modular building industry with a combined 130 years of experience. Our experience in a wide range of construction applications, including office, enclosures, residential, commercial, quick service restaurants, experiential and restaurant applications, gives us an advantage over our competition through the use of market-based prototypes. With the acquisition of Echo, we have been able to vertically integrate our manufacturing process and reduce some of our cost of goods sold, productivity and efficiency.
Our Customers
We market our construction products to a broad customer base, comprised primarily of contractors, home builders, building owners and other resellers across the continental United States and we also market our services and technology to customers in Canada. In addition, as stated above, we now also supply our Modules to the medical community. SG Blocks customers come from all walks in the economy and include government agencies, private developers, the U.S. Military, the Native American Community, the QSR operators, individuals and families requiring COVID-19 tests and a host of entrepreneurs looking to launch ideas and technology. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, 78% and 79%, respectively, of the Company’s gross accounts receivable were due from four and three customers. Revenue relating to one and three customers represented approximately 80% and 61% of the Company’s total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Our Suppliers and Partners
Although the primary use of shipping containers is for transportation, when constructing SGBlocks, we use standard materials to modify the container shell structure and finish out the modules. In addition, we use the same standard construction materials to construct and finish out the wood base modules produced at Echo. We utilize the same suppliers and materials used by conventional construction. Materials such as windows, doors, insulation mechanical systems, electrical systems and other such supplies are all off-the-shelf materials and equipment commonly available and used in the industry. We believe we have access to alternative suppliers, with limited disruption to the business, should circumstances change with its existing suppliers.
Intellectual Property
We operate under our United States registered trademarks “SGBlocks” and “GreenSteel” and our trademarked “SG” logo.
Government Regulation and Approval
The design and construction of buildings is controlled at the project level, with local and state municipalities having jurisdiction in most cases. All buildings, conventionally built or modularly built, are subject to published building codes and criteria that must be achieved during the architectural and engineering phase in order to be approved for construction. There are no specific regulations that impact our technology. While much of the regulation in our industry occurs at the project level, we are subject to various federal, state and local government regulations applicable to the business in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including laws and regulations relating to our relationships with our employees, public health and safety, workplace safety, transportation, zoning and fire codes. We strive to operate in accordance with applicable laws, codes and regulations. We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with existing applicable environmental laws and regulations and, in addition, that our employment, workplace health and workplace safety practices comply with related regulations.
General Corporate Information
We were incorporated in the State of Delaware on December 29, 1993 under the name CDSI Holdings, Inc. On November 4, 2011, CDSI Merger Sub, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, completed a reverse merger with and into SG Building Blocks, Inc. (“SG Building”), with SG Building surviving the reverse merger as our wholly owned subsidiary. We primarily conduct our current operations through SG Building. Prior to our emergence from bankruptcy in June 2016, our common stock was quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board. In June 2017 and December 2019, we completed public offerings of our common stock, which currently trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SGBX.”
Our principal offices are located at 5011 Gate Parkway, Building 100, Suite 100 Jacksonville, FL 32256. Our website address is www.sgblocks.com. The information contained in, and that can be accessed through our website, is not incorporated into and is not a part of this report. We make available on our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The following Corporate Governance documents are also posted on our website: Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Charters for the following Committees of the Board of Directors: Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our phone number is (646) 240-4235. Our filings may also be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Room 1580 Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.
Our Emergence from Bankruptcy
On October 15, 2015, SGB and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Debtors”), filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”) under the caption In re SG Blocks, Inc. et al., Case No. 15-12790. On February 29, 2016, the Debtors filed a Disclosure Statement (the “Disclosure Statement”), attaching a Plan of Reorganization (the “Plan”), along with a motion seeking approval of the Disclosure Statement by the Bankruptcy Court. On June 30, 2016 (the “Effective Date”), the Plan became effective and the Debtors emerged from bankruptcy.
Prior to the Effective Date, SGB was authorized to issue: (i) 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 (the “Former Common Stock”) of which 42,918,927 shares were issued and outstanding as of June 29, 2016; and (ii) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 (the “Former Preferred Stock”), none of which were issued and outstanding prior to the Effective Date.
On the Effective Date, and pursuant to the terms of the Plan, SGB entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 30, 2016, pursuant to which SGB sold for a subscription price of $2.0 million a 12% Original Issue Discount Senior Secured Convertible Debenture to Hillair Capital Investments L.P. (“HCI”) in the principal amount of $2.5 million, with a maturity date of June 30, 2018 (the “Exit Facility”).
On the Effective Date, all previously issued and outstanding shares of the Former Common Stock were deemed discharged, cancelled and extinguished, and, pursuant to the Plan, SGB issued, in the aggregate, 8,195 shares (as adjusted to effect a 1-for-20 reverse stock split) of common stock, par value $0.01 (the “New Common Stock”), to the holders of Former Common Stock. Further, under the Plan, upon the Effective Date, certain members of SGB’s management were entitled to receive options (the “Management Options”) to acquire approximately 10,919 shares (as adjusted to effect a 1-for-20 reverse stock split), of SGB’s New Common Stock, on a fully diluted basis.
On the Effective Date, pursuant to the terms of the Plan and SGB’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, SGB filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Designations of Convertible Preferred Stock, designating 1,801,670 shares (as adjusted to effect a 1-for-3 reverse stock split) of preferred stock, par value $1.00, all of which were issued upon our emergence from bankruptcy. Prior to our public offering that we consummated in June 2017, all outstanding shares of our preferred stock, were converted into 90,084 shares of common stock. No preferred stock currently remains outstanding.
Reverse Stock Split
On February 5, 2020, we effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of our common stock. All share and per share amounts set forth in the consolidated financial statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the split effected in February 2020 as if it had occurred as of the earliest period presented and unless otherwise stated, all other share and per share amounts for all periods presented in this Annual Report have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split effected in February 2020.
Recent Financing Developments
On October 27, 2021, we closed a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement that we effected pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement that it entered into on October 25, 2021 with an institutional investor and received gross proceeds of $11.55 million. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we issued to the investor (A) in a registered direct offering (i) 975,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,189,384 shares of Common Stock and (B) in a concurrent private placement, Series A warrants to purchase up to 1,898,630 shares of Common Stock.
Human Capital
Employees
We believe that our success depends upon our ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel. As of December 31, 2021, SGB directly employed eighteen full-time employees and engaged outside professional firms and subcontractors to deliver projects to customers, and SG Echo directly employed sixty-nine full-time employees.
Health and Safety
The health and safety of our employees is our highest priority, and this is consistent with our operating philosophy. Accordingly, with the global spread of the ongoing novel coronavirus pandemic, we have implemented plans designed to address and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the safety of our employees and our business, which include:
· Adding work from home flexibility;
· Adjusting attendance policies to encourage those who are sick to stay home;
· Increasing cleaning protocols across all locations;
· Initiating regular communication regarding impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including health and safety protocols and procedures;
Available Information
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and in accordance therewith, we file reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available through the investor relations section of our website at www.sgblocks.com. Reports are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the following risks, together with all the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled “Forward-Looking Statements,” and Part II, Item 7.“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks actually materializes, our operating results, financial condition and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.
Risks Relating to our Financial Position and Capital Requirements.
If we are not successful in our efforts to increase sales or raise capital, we could experience a shortfall in cash over the next twelve months, and our ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all, may be limited.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents and a short-term investment, collectively, of $13,024,381 and $13,010,356, respectively. However, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we reported a net loss of $5,908,372 and $4,508,162, respectively, and used $662,759 and $2,887,950 of cash for operations, respectively. If we are not successful with our efforts to increase revenue, we could experience a shortfall in cash over the next twelve months. If there is a shortfall, we may be forced to reduce operating expenses, among other steps, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our operations going forward.
We may also seek to obtain debt or additional equity financing to meet any cash shortfalls. The type, timing and terms of any financing we may select will depend on, among other things, our cash needs, the availability of other financing sources and prevailing conditions in the financial markets. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure additional funds if needed and that, if such funds are available, the terms or conditions would be acceptable to us. If we are unable to secure additional financing, further reduction in operating expenses might need to be substantial in order for us to ensure enough liquidity to sustain our operations. Any equity financing would be dilutive to our stockholders. If we incur debt, we will likely be subject to restrictive covenants that significantly limit our operating flexibility and require us to encumber our assets. If we fail to raise sufficient funds and continue to incur losses, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of strategic opportunities, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures will be significantly limited. Any of the above limitations could force us to significantly curtail or cease our operations, and you could lose all of your investment in our common stock. These circumstances have raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and continued cash losses may risk our status as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.
We have incurred net losses in prior periods, and there can be no assurance that we will generate income in the future, or that we will be able to successfully achieve or maintain our growth strategy.
Our ability to achieve profitability will depend upon our ability to generate and sustain substantially increased revenues. We may continue to incur operating losses in the future as we execute our growth strategy. Although we expect that our expenses will decline due to our new business model, there can be no assurance that our revenue from royalties will exceed our expenses, especially since we anticipate that most of our expenses will be fixed expenses that will not be dependent upon revenue generated. The likelihood that we will generate net income in the future must be considered in light of the difficulties facing the construction industry as a whole, economic conditions and the competitive environment in which we operate. Our operating results for future periods are subject to numerous uncertainties, and we may not achieve sufficient revenues to sustain or increase profitability. In addition, we may be unable to successfully achieve or maintain our growth strategy, including our ability to expand into new geographic markets.
An impairment of goodwill could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
As December 31, 2021, we had $1,309,330 of goodwill. We perform an impairment test of our goodwill annually during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year or when events occur or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill may not be recoverable, include a decline in stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates and slower growth rates in our industry. Our annual impairment tests resulted in no impairment of goodwill during fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020. Deterioration in estimated future cash flows in our reporting unit could result in further future goodwill impairment. Changes to our business strategy, changes in industry or market conditions, changes in operating performance or other indicators of impairment could cause us to record a significant impairment charge during the period in which the impairment is determined, negatively impacting our results of operations and financial position.
Risks Relating to our Company
Our residential construction business is difficult to evaluate because we are currently focused on a new business model and have very limited operating history and limited information.
We recently terminated our licensing business model for our residential construction business in the United States and are currently developing and constructing our own residential developments. In 2019 we entered into one license agreement for use of our technology for construction of residences in the United States which we terminated in June 2021. There is a risk that we will be unable to successfully generate revenue from this new business model. Although we believe that we will experience increased revenue from this new business model, there can be no assurance that we will experience increased costs and generate less income that we anticipate. We are subject to many risks associated with this new business model such as our dependence upon third parties to provide services and supply required materials. Even if we generate revenue, there can be no assurance that we will be profitable. We are subject to the risks inherent to the operation of a new business enterprise, and cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully address these risks.
In addition, it is still too early to evaluate the impact of our recent acquisition of Echo. Although we expect to control have better control of cost of goods and efficiency from this acquisition, it is too early to determine the full benefits, if any to be experienced as a result of the acquisition.
The impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak, or similar global health concerns, could negatively impact our ability to source certain products, impact product pricing, impact our customers’ ability or that of our licensee to obtain financing or have a negative impact on our business.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak, which has continued to spread, and the related adverse public health developments, have adversely affected work forces, economies and financial markets globally. Our use of third-party suppliers for production and shipping of certain products could be negatively impacted by the regional or global outbreak of illnesses, including the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak. In addition, any outbreak of COVID at our Echo facility could result in closures of the facility and negatively impact our ability to meet timelines. To date, we have experienced some delays in projects due to COVID-19. Any quarantines, the timing and length of containment and eradication solutions, travel restrictions, absenteeism by infected workers, labor shortages or other disruptions to our suppliers and their contract manufacturers or our customers would likely adversely impact our sales and operating results and result in further project delays. In addition, the pandemic could result in an economic downturn that could affect the ability of our customers and licensees to obtain financing and therefore impact demand for our products. Order lead times could be extended or delayed and pricing could increase. Some products or services may become unavailable if the regional or global spread were significant enough to prevent alternative sourcing. Accordingly, we are considering alternative product sourcing in the event that product supply becomes problematic. We expect this global pandemic to have an impact on our revenue and our results of operations, the size and duration of which we are currently unable to predict.
In addition, the outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus could disrupt our operations due to absenteeism by infected or ill members of management or other employees, or absenteeism by members of management and other employees who elect not to come to work due to the illness affecting others in our office or other workplace, or due to quarantines. COVID-19 illness could also impact members of our Board of Directors resulting in absenteeism from meetings of the directors or committees of directors, and making it more difficult to convene the quorums of the full Board of Directors or its committees needed to conduct meetings for the management of our affairs.
The global outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus continues to rapidly evolve. The extent to which the COVID-19 coronavirus may impact our business and clinical trials will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease.
We may be unable to successfully integrate the Echo business with its current management and structure and the acquisition of Echo may not result in the benefits anticipated.
Our failure to successfully complete the integration of Echo could have an adverse effect on our prospects, business activities, cash flow, financial condition, results of operations and stock price. Integration challenges may include the following:
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assimilating Echo’s technology and retaining personnel;
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estimating the capital, personnel and equipment required for Echo based on the historical experience of management with the businesses they are familiar with;
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minimizing potential adverse effects on existing business relationships; and
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successfully developing the new products and services.
We believe the acquisition of Echo will provide certain strategic benefits which would enable us to accelerate our business plan through an increased access to capital in the public equity markets. However, our employee number has experienced significant growth from the acquisition as has our expenses. There can be no assurance that these anticipated benefits of the acquisition will materialize or that if they materialize will result in increased stockholder value or revenue stream to the combined company.
Our ability to meet our workforce needs is crucial to our results of operations and future sales and profitability.
We rely on the existence of an available hourly workforce to manufacture our products. We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and retain qualified employees to meet current or future manufacturing needs at a reasonable cost, or at all. For instance, the demand for skilled employees has increased recently with the low unemployment rates in Oklahoma where we have manufacturing facilities. Also, although none of our employees are currently covered by collective bargaining agreements, we cannot assure you that our employees will not elect to be represented by labor unions in the future. Additionally, competition for qualified employees could require us to pay higher wages to attract a sufficient number of employees. Significant increases in manufacturing workforce costs could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We have a fixed cost base that will affect our profitability if our sales decrease.
The fixed cost levels of operating Echo can put pressure on profit margins when sales and production decline. Our profitability depends, in part, on our ability to spread fixed costs over a sufficiently large number of products sold and shipped, and if we make a decision to reduce our rate of production, gross or net margins could be negatively affected. Consequently, decreased demand or the need to reduce production can lower our ability to absorb fixed costs and materially impact our financial condition or results of operations.
A material disruption at one of our suppliers’ facilities or Echo’s facilities could prevent us from meeting customer demand, reduce our sales and negatively affect our overall financial results.
Any of the following events could cease or limit operations unexpectedly: fires, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, on-site or off-site environmental incidents or other catastrophes; global pandemic; utility and transportation infrastructure disruptions; labor difficulties; other operational problems; or war, acts of terrorism or other unexpected events. Any downtime or damage at our suppliers’ facilities or Echo’s facilities could prevent us from meeting customer demand for our products or require us to make more expensive purchases from a competing supplier. If our suppliers were to incur significant downtime, our ability to satisfy customer requirements could be impaired, resulting in customers seeking products from other distributors, as well as decreased customer satisfaction and lower sales and operating income.
A natural disaster, the effects of climate change, or other disruptions at our Echo facility could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We rely on the continuous operation of our Echo facility in Durant, Oklahoma for the production of our Modules. Any natural disaster or other serious disruption to our facility due to fire, flood, earthquake, or any other unforeseen circumstance would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, adverse weather conditions, such as increased frequency and/or severity of storms, or floods could impair our ability to operate by damaging our facilities and equipment or restricting product delivery to customers. The occurrence of any disruption at our manufacturing facility, even for a short period of time, may have an adverse effect on our productivity and profitability, during and after the period of the disruption. These disruptions may also cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and equipment, and environmental damage. Although we maintain property, casualty, and business interruption insurance of the types and in the amounts that we believe are customary for the industry, we are not fully insured against all potential natural disasters or other disruptions to our manufacturing facility.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
We are subject to the reporting and corporate governance requirements of the Exchange Act, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Act. Compliance with these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. Among other things, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to continue to maintain our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We also may need to further expand our legal and finance departments in the future, which will increase our costs and expenses.
In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expense and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business and prospects may be harmed. As a result of disclosure of information in the filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition are more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We are dependent on the services of key personnel, and the unexpected loss of their services may adversely affect our operations.
Our success depends highly upon the personal efforts and abilities of our senior management team, specifically the efforts of Paul M. Galvin, our Chief Executive Officer, Gerald Sheeran, our Acting Chief Financial Officer and William Rogers, our Chief Operations Officer. The Company has entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Galvin, Sheeran and Rogers. The employment agreements with Messrs. Galvin, Sheeran and Rogers each provide for two-year terms, with automatic renewal after the end of such term. The loss of the services of one or more of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our ability to achieve profitability and generate increased revenue will depend upon our ability to retain, and, if necessary, attract experienced management personnel.
The loss of one or a few customers could have a material adverse effect on us.
A few customers have in the past, and may in the future, account for a significant portion of our revenues in any one year or over a period of several consecutive years. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, 78% and 79%, respectively, of the our gross accounts receivable were due from four and three customers. Revenue relating to one and three customers represented approximately 80% and 61% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Although we have contractual relationships with many of our significant customers, our customers may unilaterally reduce or discontinue their contracts with us at any time. The loss of business from a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We rely on certain vendors to supply us with materials and products that, if we were unable to obtain, could adversely affect our business.
We have relationships with key materials vendors, and we rely on suppliers for our purchases of products from them. Any inability to obtain materials or services in the volumes required and at competitive prices from our major trading partners, the loss of any major trading partner or the discontinuation of vendor financing (if any) may seriously harm our business because we may not be able to meet the demands of our customers on a timely basis in sufficient quantities or at all. Other factors, including reduced access to credit by our vendors resulting from economic conditions, may impair our vendors’ ability to provide products in a timely manner or at competitive prices. We also rely on other vendors for critical services such as transportation, supply chain and professional services. Any negative impacts to our business or liquidity could adversely impact our ability to establish or maintain these relationships.
We currently are, and may in the future be, subject to legal proceedings or investigations, the resolution of which could negatively affect our profitability and cash flows in a particular period.
The nature of our operations exposes us to possible litigation claims, including disputes relating to our operations and commercial and contractual arrangements. Often the litigation matters are not totally within our control. We will contest these matters vigorously and will make insurance claims where appropriate, but because of the uncertain nature of litigation and coverage decisions, we cannot predict the outcome of these matters. The costs associated with litigation matters could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and profitability. In addition, our profitability or cash flow in a particular period could be affected by an adverse ruling in any litigation currently pending in the courts or by litigation that may be filed against us in the future. We are also subject to government regulation, which could result in administrative proceedings in the future. For additional information, see “Item 3. Legal Proceedings.”
We may have difficulty protecting our proprietary manufacturing processes, which could adversely affect our ability to compete.
We use a proprietary manufacturing process that allows us to be code-compliant in our SGBlocks™ product. Such manufacturing process is unique to the construction industry and is important to ensure our continued success, and we cannot assure you that our efforts to protect our proprietary rights will be sufficient or effective. If other companies replicate our methodology, we could lose our competitive advantage. Any future patent or trademark applications may not lead to issued patents and registered trademarks in all instances. We also cannot be assured that the scope of any patents issued in the future will be sufficiently broad to offer meaningful protection. Others may develop or patent similar or superior technologies, products or services, and our intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated, misappropriated or infringed by others. If we are unable to protect and maintain our intellectual property rights, or if there are any successful intellectual property challenges or infringement proceedings against us, our business and revenue could be materially and adversely affected.
Risks Relating to our Business and Industry
We, in particular Clarity Mobile Venture, are dependent on the availability and skill of subcontractors, their willingness to work with us, and their expertise in the medical industry.
We rely and expect to continue to rely on subcontractors to perform the collection of COVID-19 tests and run testing procedures within our LAX laboratory. Despite detailed specifications and quality control procedures, in some cases, improper processes or defective materials may cause issues in producing a timely test result. We may need to spend money to remediate such problems when they are discovered. Defective materials and or improper testing procedures can result in refunds owed back to our COVID-19 customers. Pervasive problems could adversely affect our business and therefore our ability to generate income at LAX. The inability to contract with skilled subcontractors at reasonable costs and on a timely basis could erode our profit margins and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.
We depend on third parties for transportation services, and limited availability or increases in costs of transportation could adversely affect our business and operations.
Our business depends on the transportation of a large number of products, via railroad or truck. We rely primarily on third parties for transportation of the products we manufacture or distribute and for the delivery of our raw materials. We are also subject to seasonal capacity constraints, which may be severely reduced due to COVID-19 coronavirus, and weather-related delays for both rail and truck transportation. If any of our third-party transportation providers were to fail to deliver raw materials to us or our Modules to our customers in a timely manner, we may be unable to complete projects in a timely manner and may, among other things, incur penalties for late delivery or be unable to use the Modules as intended. In addition, if any of these third parties were to cease operations or cease doing business with us, we may be unable to replace them at reasonable cost. Any failure of a third-party transportation provider to deliver raw materials to us or finished Modules to our customers in a timely manner could harm our reputation, negatively affect our customer relationships, and have a material adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows, and financial condition. Additionally, an increase in transportation rates or fuel surcharges could adversely affect our sales, profitability, and cash flows.
Expansion of our operations may strain resources, and our failure to manage growth effectively could adversely impact our operating results and harm our ability to attract and retain key personnel.
Increased orders for our Modules have placed, and may continue to place, a strain on our operational, financial, and managerial resources and personnel. In addition, execution of our growth strategy will require further substantial capital and effective planning. Significant rapid growth on top of our current operations could greatly strain our internal resources, leading to a lower quality of customer service, reporting problems, and delays, resulting in a loss of market share and other problems that could adversely affect our financial performance. Our efforts to grow could place an additional strain on our personnel, management systems, liquidity, and other resources. If we do not manage our growth effectively, our operations could be adversely affected, resulting in slower, no or negative growth, critical shortages of cash and a failure to achieve or sustain profitability.
Our clients may adjust, cancel or suspend the contracts in our backlog; as such, our backlog is not necessarily indicative of our future revenues or earnings. In addition, even if fully performed, our backlog is not a good indicator of our future gross margins.
Backlog represents the total dollar amount of revenues we expect to record in the future as a result of performing work under contracts we have been awarded. Backlog may fluctuate significantly due to the timing of orders or awards for large projects and is not necessarily indicative of future backlog levels or the rate at which backlog will be recognized as revenue. We include in backlog only those contracts for which we have reasonable assurance that the customer can obtain the permits for construction and can fund the construction. As of December 31, 2020, our backlog totaled approximately $25.1 million and as of December 31, 2021, our backlog totaled approximately $3.2 million. The decrease in backlog at December 31, 2021 from December 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to two contract cancellation, one which occurred during the third quarter of 2021 in the amount of approximately $1.3 million and one cancellation during the fourth quarter of 2021 in the amount of approximately $16.9 million. Our backlog is described more in detail in “Note 13 -Construction Backlog” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. We cannot provide assurance that our backlog will be realized as revenues in the amounts reported or, if realized, will result in profits. In accordance with industry practice, substantially all of our contracts are subject to cancellation, termination or suspension at our customer’s discretion. In the event of a project cancellation, we generally would not have a contractual right to the total revenue reflected in our backlog. Projects can remain in backlog for extended periods of time because of the nature of the project and the timing of the particular services required by the project. In addition, the risk of contracts in backlog being cancelled or suspended generally increases during periods of widespread economic slowdowns or in response to changes in commodity prices.
The contracts in our backlog are subject to changes in the scope of services to be provided and adjustments to the costs relating to the contracts. The revenue for certain contracts included in backlog is based on estimates. Additionally, our performance of our individual contracts can affect greatly our gross margins and, therefore, our future profitability. We can provide no assurance that the contracts in backlog, assuming they produce revenues in the amounts currently estimated, will generate gross margins at the rates we have realized in the past.
Our liability for estimated warranties may be inadequate, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to construction defect and warranty claims arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims are common in the construction industry and can be costly. At this time, our third-party providers offer guarantees and warranties in accordance with industry standards that flow through to our clients. A large number of warranty claims could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We can be adversely affected by failures of persons who act on our behalf to comply with applicable regulations and guidelines.
Although we expect all of our associates (i.e., employees), officers and directors to comply at all times with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, there are instances in which subcontractors or others through whom we do business may engage in practices that do not comply with applicable regulations or guidelines. It is possible that our associates may become aware of these practices but do not take steps to prevent them. If we learn of practices relating to buildings constructed on our behalf that do not comply with applicable regulations or guidelines, we will move actively to stop the non-complying practices as soon as possible, and we will take disciplinary action with regard to our associates who were aware of the practices, including in some instances terminating their employment. However, regardless of the steps we take, we may be subject to fines or other governmental penalties, and our reputation may be negatively affected.
The cyclical and seasonal nature of the construction industry causes our revenues and operating results to fluctuate, and we expect this cyclicality and seasonality to continue in the future.
The construction industry is highly cyclical and seasonal and is influenced by many international, national and regional economic factors, including the availability of consumer and wholesale financing, which may be severely reduced due to COVID-19 coronavirus, seasonality of demand, consumer confidence, interest rates, income levels and general economic conditions, including inflation and recessions. As a result of the foregoing factors, the revenues and operating results we derive from customers will fluctuate and we currently expect them to continue to fluctuate in the future. Moreover, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, operating losses during cyclical downturns in the construction market. These and other economic factors could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and our financial condition and operating results.
Our business depends on the construction industry and general business, financial market and economic conditions.
The construction industry is cyclical and significantly affected by changes in general and local economic and real estate conditions, such as employment levels, consumer confidence, demographic trends, housing demand, inflation, deflation, interest rates and credit availability. Changes in these general and local economic conditions or deterioration in the broader economy could negatively impact the level of purchases, capital expenditures and creditworthiness of our indirect customers and suppliers, and, therefore, our royalty income and financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Changes in these economic conditions may affect some of our regions or markets more than others. If adverse conditions affect our larger markets, they could have a proportionately greater impact on us than on some other companies. In addition, any uncertainty regarding global economic conditions such as raising gas prices may have an adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of us or our customers, distributors and suppliers, such as negative effects of currency exchange fluctuations. A shortage of labor in the construction industry could also have an impact on our financial results.
Our business relies on private investment and a slower than expected economy may adversely affect our results.
A significant portion of our sales are for projects with non-public owners, such as non-residential builders and home builders who make investments with private funds into their projects. Construction spending is affected by their customers’ ability to finance projects, which may be severely reduced due to the COVID-19 coronavirus. Residential and nonresidential construction could decline if companies and consumers are unable to finance construction projects or if the economy slows or is stalled, which could result in delays or cancellations of capital projects. If the economy slows, or if housing starts and nonresidential projects do not increase, sales of our products directly by us to consumers and related services may decline, and our financial position, results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected.
A material disruption at one of our suppliers’ facilities or Echo's facilities could prevent us from meeting customer demand, reduce our sales and negatively affect our overall financial results.
Any of the following events could cease or limit operations unexpectedly: fires, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, on-site or off-site environmental incidents or other catastrophes; global pandemic; utility and transportation infrastructure disruptions; labor difficulties; other operational problems; or war, acts of terrorism or other unexpected events. Any downtime or damage at our suppliers’ facilities or Echo's facilities could prevent us from meeting customer demand for our products or require us to make more expensive purchases from a competing supplier. If our suppliers were to incur significant downtime, our ability to satisfy customer requirements could be impaired, resulting in customers seeking products from other distributors, as well as decreased customer satisfaction and lower sales and operating income.
Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and any changes to, or liabilities arising under, such laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to, among other things: the release or discharge of materials into the environment; the management, use, generation, treatment, processing, handling, storage, transport or disposal of solid and hazardous wastes and materials; and the protection of public and employee health and safety and the environment. These laws and regulations may expose us to liability for the conduct of others or for our actions, even if such actions complied with all applicable laws at the time these actions were taken. These laws and regulations may also expose us to liability for claims of personal injury or property or natural resource damage related to alleged exposure to, or releases of, regulated or hazardous materials. The existence of contamination at properties we own, lease or operate could also result in increased operational costs or restrictions on our ability to use those properties as intended, including for purposes of construction materials distribution. In addition, because our properties are generally situated adjacent to or near industrial companies, our properties may be at an increased risk of having environmental contaminants from other properties spill or migrate onto or otherwise affect our properties.
Despite our compliance efforts, there is an inherent risk of liability in the operation of our business, especially from an environmental standpoint, and, from time to time, we may be in noncompliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These potential liabilities or non-compliances could have an adverse effect on our operations and profitability. In some instances, we must have government approvals, certificates, permits or licenses in order to conduct our business, which may require us to make significant capital, operating and maintenance expenditures to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Our failure to obtain and maintain required approvals, certificates, permits or licenses or to comply with applicable governmental requirements could result in sanctions, including substantial fines or possible revocation of our authority to conduct some or all of our operations. The cost of complying with such laws could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Our business may be subject to economic and political risks of operating and obtaining supplies from foreign countries, including adverse impact of changes in international trade and tariff policies.
We operate in and source some of our products from outside of the United States, and our suppliers may also rely upon non-domestic products. As such, any significant changes to, among other things, the general political and social conditions in foreign counties in which we maintain operations or sourcing relationships, unfavorable changes in U.S. trade legislation and regulation, the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus, the imposition of governmental economic sanctions on countries in which we do business or other trade barriers, threats of war, terrorism or governmental instability, labor disruptions, currency controls, fluctuating exchange rates with respect to contracts not denominated in U.S. dollars and unanticipated or unfavorable changes in government policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflation measures and method of taxation. If we are unable to navigate foreign regulatory environments, or if we are unable to enforce our contract rights in foreign countries, our business could be adversely impacted. Any of these events could interrupt our business and cause operational disruptions, increase our costs of operations, reduce our sales or otherwise have an adverse effect on our operating performance.
The U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to trade policy, including, in some instances, to revise, renegotiate or terminate certain multilateral trade agreements. It has also imposed new tariffs on certain foreign goods and raised the possibility of imposing additional increases or new tariffs on other goods. Such actions have, in some cases, led to retaliatory trade measures by certain foreign governments. Such policies could make it more difficult or costly for us to do business in or procure products from those countries. In turn, we may need to raise prices or make changes to our operations, which could negatively impact our revenue or operating results. At this time, it remains unclear what additional actions, if any, will be taken by the U.S. government or foreign governments with respect to tariff and international trade agreements and policies, and we cannot predict future trade policy or the terms of any revised trade agreements or any impact on our business.
Our operating results will be subject to fluctuations and are inherently unpredictable.
In order to achieve profitability, we will need to generate and sustain higher revenue while maintaining reasonable cost and expense levels. In our most recent quarter, we experienced a loss. We do not know if our revenue will grow, or if it will grow sufficiently to outpace our expenses, which we expect to increase as we expand our operational capacity. We may not be able to become profitable on a quarterly or an annual basis. Our quarterly revenue and operating results will be difficult to predict and have in the past fluctuated from quarter to quarter. The amount, timing and mix of project sales, often for a single medium or large-scale project, may cause large fluctuations in our revenue and other financial results. Further, our revenue mix of high margin materials sales versus lower margin projects can fluctuate dramatically quarter to quarter, which may adversely affect our revenue and financial results in any given period. Finally, our ability to meet project completion schedules for an individual project and the corresponding revenue impact under the percentage-of-completion method of recognizing revenue, may similarly cause large fluctuations in our revenue and other financial results. This may cause us to miss any future guidance announced by us.
We base our planned operating expenses in part on our expectations of future revenue, and a significant portion of our expenses are fixed in the short-term. If revenue for a particular quarter is lower than we expect, we likely will be unable to proportionately reduce our operating expenses for that quarter, which would harm our operating results for that quarter. This may cause us to miss any guidance announced by us.
Cybersecurity risks related to the technology used in our operations and other business processes, as well as security breaches of company, customer, employee and vendor information, could adversely affect our business.
We rely on various information technology systems to capture, process, store and report data and interact with customers, vendors and employees. Despite careful security and controls design, as the prevalence of cyber-attacks continues to increase, our information technology systems, and those of our third-party providers, could become subject to increased security threats, such as phishing and malware incidents. Our security measures may be unable to prevent certain security breaches, and any such network, system, data or other breaches could result in misappropriation of sensitive data, transactional errors, theft of funds, business disruptions, loss of or damage to intellectual property, loss of customers and business opportunities, unauthorized access to or disclosure of confidential or personal information (which could cause a breach of applicable data protection legislation), regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs and additional compliance costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or disable, degrade or sabotage, information technologies systems change frequently, and may not be recognized until after they have been launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques, implement adequate preventative measures or remediate any breach in a timely or effective manner. In addition, the development and maintenance of preventative or detective measures is costly, and requires ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to circumvent security measures become more sophisticated. As well as incurring additional costs, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that we procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including “bugs” and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of the systems, or we may be unable to successfully integrate and launch new systems as planned without disruptions to our operations. Misuse of internal applications, theft of intellectual property, trade secrets, funds or other corporate assets and inappropriate disclosure of confidential information could stem from such incidents.
Despite our efforts, we remain potentially vulnerable to cyber-attacks and security breaches, and any such attack or breach could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations.
We could suffer adverse tax and other financial consequences if we are unable to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards.
At December 31, 2021, we had tax net operating loss carry forwards totaling approximately $26.1 million. The net operating loss expires beginning 2030 through 2037 for those losses generated in 2017 and prior years. Approximately $14.8 million of such net operating losses will carry forward indefinitely and be available to offset up to 80% of future taxable income each year. During 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was passed, which temporarily removes such 80% limitation for years 2020 and 2019. At December 31, 2021, we had a valuation allowance of approximately $7.4 million, primarily related to net operating loss carry forwards that are not more likely than not to be utilized due to an inability to carry back these losses in most states and short carry forward periods that exist in certain states. If we are unable to use our net operating losses, we may be required to record charges or reduce our deferred tax assets, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Risks Relating to the Construction Sector
We are dependent upon third-party financing, and our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if additional third-party financing for our customers does not become available
Our business and earnings depend substantially on our ability to obtain financing for the development of their construction projects, which may be adversely impacted by the recent COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak. The availability and cost of such financing is further dependent on the number of financial institutions participating in the industry, the departure of financial institutions from the industry, the financial institutions’ lending practices, the strength of the domestic and international credit markets generally, governmental policies and other conditions, all of which are beyond our control. In light of the current economic climate, some of our projects may not be successful in obtaining additional funds in a timely manner, on favorable terms or at all. The availability of borrowed funds, especially for construction financing, has been greatly reduced, and lenders may require project developers to invest increased amounts of equity in a project in connection with both new loans and the extension of existing loans. Unfavorable changes in the availability and terms of financing in the industry will have a material adverse effect on certain privately financed projects.
Our results of operations also depend on the ability of any potential privately financed licensees to obtain loans for the purchase of new buildings. Over the past few years, lenders have tightened the credit underwriting standards, which have reduced lending volumes. If this trend continues, it would negatively impact our sales, which depend in large part on the availability and cost of financing. In addition, where our potential customers must sell their existing buildings or real estate in order to develop new buildings, increases in mortgage costs and/or lack of availability of mortgages could prevent buyers of potential customers’ existing buildings from obtaining the mortgages they need to complete their purchases, which would result in our potential customers’ inability to make purchases from us. If our potential customers cannot obtain suitable financing, our sales and results of operations would be adversely affected.
The construction industry is highly competitive, and such competition may increase the adverse effects of industry conditions, including the consolidation of the industry.
We operate in a very competitive environment characterized by competition from numerous local, regional and national builders. We may compete for financing, raw materials and skilled management and labor resources. A decline in construction starts could adversely affect demand for our buildings and our results of operations. Increased competition could require us to further increase our selling incentives and/or reduce our prices, which could negatively affect our profits. We may be unable to successfully expand into or compete in the markets in new geographic areas. In addition, while we believe our ESR may improve our competitive position by potentially expediting reviews and approvals by state and local building departments and certifying our specific quality control and design acceptance criteria, there is no assurance that it will have the desired impact.
There can be no assurance that Modules or modular construction techniques that utilize our technology and expertise will achieve market acceptance and grow; thus, the future of our business and the modular construction industry as a whole is uncertain.
There can be no assurance that we will achieve market acceptance for our technology and expertise or that the modular construction market will grow. Our business may be disrupted by the introduction of new products and services and is subject to changing consumer preferences and industry trends, which may adversely affect our ability to plan for the future development and marketing of our products. Although Modules have particular applications in a wide variety of market segments, there is no assurance that we will be able to expand our relationship within such market segments or, even if we do, that general market acceptance for our technology and expertise or Modules will continue to increase.
Government regulations and legal challenges may delay the start or completion of our projects, increase our expenses or limit our building activities, which could have a negative impact on our operations.
Various domestic and international rules and regulations concerning building, zoning, sales and similar matters apply to and/or affect the construction industry. Governmental regulation affects construction activities, as well as sales activities, mortgage lending activities and other dealings with consumers. These industries also have experienced an increase in state and local legislation in the United States and regulations that limit the availability or use of land. Municipalities may also restrict or place moratoriums on the availability of utilities, such as water and sewer taps. In some areas, municipalities may enact growth control initiatives, which restrict the number of building permits available in a given year. In addition, we may be required to apply for additional approvals or modify our existing approvals because of changes in local circumstances or applicable law. If governments in locations in which we operate take actions like the ones described, they could adversely affect our business by causing delays, increasing our costs or limiting our ability to operate in those areas. Further, we may experience delays and increased expenses as a result of legal challenges to our proposed projects, whether brought by governmental authorities or private parties. Failure to comply with laws or regulations applicable to or affecting us, or the passage in the future of new and more stringent laws affecting us, may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
The dangers inherent in our operations, such as disruptions to our facilities and project sites, and the limits on insurance coverage could expose us to potentially significant liability costs and materially interfere with the performance of our operations.
While we believe our insurance coverage is adequate and in line with our industry’s standards, all construction, including modular construction, involves operating hazards that can cause personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment and suspension of operations, including, but not limited to, natural or man-made disruptions to our facilities and project sites. The failure of such structures during and after installation can result in similar injuries and damages. Although we believe that our insurance coverage is adequate, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable, or that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover future claims that may arise. Claims for which we are not fully insured may adversely affect our working capital and profitability. In addition, changes in the insurance industry have generally led to higher insurance costs and decreased availability of coverage. The availability of insurance that covers risks we and our competitors typically insure against may decrease, and the insurance that we are able to obtain may have higher deductibles, higher premiums and more restrictive policy terms.
Risks Relating to the Clarity Mobile Venture Sector
There can be no assurance that the velocity of COVID-19 tests being conducted by Clarity Mobile Venture will continue at current rates or be effective for new variants of the COVID-19 virus.
There can be no assurance that the demand for Clarity Mobile Venture’s COVID-19 testing and related laboratory services will continue to grow at the current pace. While we expect that the coronavirus will be a part of our lives for the foreseeable future, viruses constantly change through mutation, and new variants of the COVID-19 virus are expected to occur over time. Our business may be disrupted by the emergence and spread of new variants of the COVID-19 virus that may require different types of tests that may or may not be readily available to us at the time. Currently, we are deploying several COVID-19 tests including PCR and Rapid-Antigen tests. No assurance can be given that the COVID-19 tests currently deployed by us will be effective for any future variants.
We may be adversely affected by actions of our competitors.
The market for COVID-19 testing facilities is highly competitive. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources than we have. Our ability to compete effectively depends in part on market acceptance of our testing solutions and our ability to service customers in a timely manner. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively or that we will respond appropriately to industry trends or to activities of competitors.
We rely on third-party vendors to supply us with the COVID-19 tests that Clarity Mobile Venture uses that, if we were unable to obtain, could adversely affect our business.
Clarity Mobile Venture relies on third-party vendors to supply it with COVID-19 tests. Any inability to obtain COVID-19 tests in the volumes required and at competitive prices from our vendors, the loss of any major vendor may seriously harm our business because we may not be able to meet the demands of our customers on a timely basis in sufficient quantities or at all.
Risks Relating to our Common Stock
Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market could result in a delisting of our common stock.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq” or the “Nasdaq Capital Market”), which imposes, among other requirements, a minimum bid requirement. Although we are currently in compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market in the past we have experiences periods of time when we were not compliant with the minimum bid price requirements and, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance in the future.
The delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq may make it more difficult for us to raise capital on favorable terms in the future, or at all. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our common stock when you wish to do so. Further, if our common stock were to be delisted from Nasdaq, our common stock would cease to be recognized as a covered security, and we would be subject to additional regulation in each state in which we offer our securities. Moreover, there is no assurance that any actions that we take to restore our compliance with the Nasdaq minimum bid requirement would stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from falling below the Nasdaq minimum bid price required for continued listing again or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.
There can be no assurance that we will continue to meet the minimum bid price requirement, or any other requirement in the future. If we fail to meet the minimum bid price requirement, or other applicable Nasdaq listing requirements, including maintaining minimum levels of stockholders’ equity or market values of our common stock, our common stock could be delisted. Delisting from Nasdaq would cause us to pursue eligibility for trading of our common stock on other markets or exchanges, or on an over-the-counter market. In such case, our stockholders’ ability to trade or obtain quotations of the market value of our common stock would be severely limited because of lower trading volumes and transaction delays. These factors could contribute to lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices of these securities. There can be no assurance that our common stock, if delisted from the Nasdaq, would be listed on a national securities exchange, a national quotation service or the over-the-counter markets. Delisting from the Nasdaq could also result in negative publicity, make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital, adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock, decrease securities analysts’ coverage of us or diminish investor, supplier and employee confidence. In addition, our stock could become a “penny stock,” which would make trading of our common stock more difficult.
Our stock price has been subject to fluctuations in the past, has recently been volatile, and will likely continue to be subject to fluctuations and decline, due to factors beyond our control, and investors in our common stock may lose all or part of their investment in our company.
The trading price of our common stock has been and is expected to continue to be volatile and has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including limited trading volume. On March 15, 2022, the reported low sale price of our common stock was $1.60, the reported high sale price was $1.71 and closing price of our common stock was $1.64 while on June 30, 2021, the closing price of our common stock was $5.50. We may incur rapid and substantial decreases in our stock price in the foreseeable future that are unrelated to our operating performance for prospects. In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report, these factors include:
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economic and market conditions or trends in our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the construction industry;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
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operating results that fall below expectations;
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industry developments;
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new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
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material litigation or government disputes;
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the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC;
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changes in financial estimates or recommendations by any securities analysts who follow our common stock;
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the size of our market float and potential dilution due to the exercise of outstanding options and warrants;
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future sales of our common stock by our officers, directors and significant stockholders, including sales pursuant to a registration statement filed to permit a significant stockholder to sell shares of our common stock, pursuant to certain registration rights granted to such stockholder;
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other events or factors, including those resulting from such events, or the prospect of such events, including war, terrorism and other international conflicts, public health issues including health epidemics or pandemics, such as the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 novel coronavirus, and natural disasters such as fire, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados or other adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States or elsewhere, could disrupt our operations, disrupt the operations of our suppliers or result in political or economic instability; and
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period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results.
In addition, the securities markets have, from time to time, experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Since the stock price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past, has recently been volatile and will likely be volatile in the future, investors in our common stock may lose all or part of their investment in our company. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs and our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
We are subject to the reporting and corporate governance requirements of the Exchange Act, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Act. Compliance with these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. Among other things, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to continue to maintain our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We also may need to further expand our legal and finance departments in the future, which will increase our costs and expenses.
In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expense and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business and prospects may be harmed. As a result of disclosure of information in the filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition are more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that they might occur, could cause the price of our common stock to decline.
The price of our common stock could decline if there are substantial sales of our common stock, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders. If our existing stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or if the public perceives that such sales could occur, this could have an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock, even if there is no relationship between such sales and the performance of our business.
In addition, shares subject to outstanding options under our Incentive Plan are and will become eligible for sale in the public market in the future, subject to certain legal and contractual limitations. Substantial sales of such shares, at that time, could depress the sale price of our common stock.
Significant sales of our common stock, or the possibility that these sales may occur, might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. In addition, we may issue shares of our common stock in connection with investments or acquisitions in the future. The amount of shares of our common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of common stock.
The issuance of shares of our common stock upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants and restricted stock units may dilute the percentage ownership of the then-existing stockholders and may make it more difficult to raise additional equity capital.
As of April 11, 2022, there are outstanding options and warrants to purchase 36,436 and 2,025,520 shares of common stock, respectively, in addition to 2,220,514 vested and unvested restricted stock units. The exercise of such options and warrants and the vesting of restricted stock units would dilute the then-existing stockholders’ percentage ownership of our stock, and any sales in the public market of common stock underlying such securities could adversely affect prevailing market prices for the common stock. Moreover, the terms upon which we would be able to obtain additional equity capital could be adversely affected because the holders of our options and warrants can be expected to exercise them at a time when we would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed capital on terms more favorable to us than those provided by such securities.
The issuance of additional securities by our Board of Directors (the “Board” or “Board of Directors”) will dilute the ownership interests of our current stockholders and could discourage the acquisition of us.
Our Board, without any action by our stockholders, is authorized to designate and issue additional classes or series of capital stock (including classes or series of preferred stock) as it deems appropriate and to establish the rights, preferences and privileges of such classes or series, and we currently have an effective universal shelf registration statement on file with the SEC, providing for the potential issuance of shares of our common stock and other securities. The issuance of any new class or series of capital stock would not only dilute the ownership interest of our current stockholders but may also adversely affect the voting power and other rights of holders of common stock. The rights of holders of preferred stock and other classes of common stock that may be issued may be superior to the rights of the holders of the existing class of common stock in terms of the payment of ordinary and liquidating dividends and voting rights.
In addition, the ability of the Board to designate and issue such shares could impede or deter an unsolicited tender offer or takeover proposal regarding us and the issuance of additional shares having preferential rights could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of holders of common stock and render more difficult the removal of current management, even if such removal may be in the stockholders’ best interests.
We do not expect to pay dividends in the future. Any return on investment may be limited to the value of our common stock.
For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon results of operations, financial condition, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our Board of Directors deem relevant. Accordingly, if you purchase shares of our common stock, realization of a gain on your investment will depend on the appreciation of the price of our common stock, which may never occur. Investors seeking cash dividends in the foreseeable future should not purchase our common stock.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or our industry, or publish negative reports about our business or our industry, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us, our business, our industry or our competitors. If one or more of the analysts who cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, change their opinion of the prospects for our company in a negative manner or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Certain provisions of Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition at a premium price.
Certain provisions of Delaware law could discourage potential acquisition proposals, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, or limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Such provisions may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition of the Company, including a transaction in which the acquirer may offer a premium price for our stock.
If our shares become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.
The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not retain a listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market and if the price of our shares of common stock is less than $5.00, our common stock will be deemed a penny stock (meaning that our shares may be considered highly speculative and may trade infrequently, which can make them difficult to accurately price or sell). The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that, before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive: (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares.
As a “smaller reporting company,” we may avail ourselves of reduced disclosure requirements, which may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are a “smaller reporting company” under applicable SEC rules and regulations, and, as a result of the SEC’s recent amendment to the definition of “smaller reporting company,” we will continue to be a “smaller reporting company” for so long as either (i) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates as of the end of our most recently completed second quarter (“public float”) is less than $250 million or (ii) annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and (A) no public float or (B) a public float of less than $700 million. As a “smaller reporting company,” we have relied on exemptions from certain SEC disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies. These exemptions include reduced financial disclosure and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation. Until such time as we cease to be a “smaller reporting company,” such reduced disclosure in our SEC filings may make it harder for investors to analyze our operating results and financial prospects. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of our reduced disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
Our shares of common stock are from time to time thinly traded, so stockholders may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if they need to sell shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate their shares.
Our common stock has from time to time been “thinly-traded,” meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near ask prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company that is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer that has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. We cannot give stockholders any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
Headquarters and Other Office Space
We lease office space in Jacksonville, Florida for our corporate headquarters. We also lease office space in Bedford, Texas of approximately 1,738 square feet to support Echo's procurement and accounting functions.
Development Site
We own approximately 58 acres of raw land on the Colorado River on Lake Travis in Lago Vista, Texas, outside of the greater Austin area.
Laboratory Facility
Clarity Mobile Venture operates a laboratory at LAX airport consisting of approximately 480 square feet and is part of our medical segment.
Manufacturing Facilities
Echo operates and leases one manufacturing facility of approximately 61,000 square feet. Echo is renovating a second manufacturing facility which totals approximately 58,000 square feet of manufacturing space. Both spaces are located in Durant, Oklahoma and the second manufacturing facility will be leased space commencing in 2022.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
The information included in “Note 20 - Commitments and Contingencies” of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report is incorporated by reference into this Item.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information
Our common stock is listed and traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SGBX.”
Holders
As of the close of business on April 11, 2022, there were approximately 81 holders of record of our common stock, which does not reflect those shares held beneficially or those shares held in “street” name. Accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of our common stock exceeds this number. On April 11, 2022, the closing sales price of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $2.25.
Dividend Policy
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends by us will depend on our future earnings, financial condition and such other business and economic factors as our management may consider relevant.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
We did not sell any unregistered securities from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 that were not previously disclosed in our filings with the SEC.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any of our outstanding shares during 2021.
Performance Graph and Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information required under this item.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC. The transfer agent’s principal business address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, and its telephone number is (800) 937-5449.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
As of December 31, 2021, the following securities issued under equity compensation were outstanding:
Plan Category
Number of
Shares Issuable
Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants or Rights
(a) (1)
Weighted- Average Exercise
Price of Outstanding Options
(b)
Number of Shares Remaining Available for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Shares Reflected in Column
(a))(c) (2)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
$ 2,256,950
$
78.71
$
1,343,377
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
-
-
Total
$ 2,256,950
$ 78.71
$ 1,343,377
(1) Includes 36,436 shares issuable upon the exercise of options and 2,220,514 shares issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock units outstanding under the SG Blocks, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan.
(2) Represents shares available for issuance under the SG Blocks, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Introduction and Certain Cautionary Statements
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and schedules included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, intensified competition and operating problems in our operating business projects and their impact on revenues and profit margins or additional factors, and those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report. In addition, certain information presented below is based on unaudited financial information.
Background
Using our proprietary technology and design and engineering expertise, we modify code-engineered cargo shipping containers and purpose-built modules for use for safe and sustainable commercial, industrial and residential building construction. Rather than consuming new steel and lumber, our proprietary technology and design and engineering expertise allows for the redesign, repurpose and conversion of heavy-gauge steel cargo shipping containers into SGBlocks™, which are safe green building blocks for commercial, industrial, and residential building construction.
Prior to October 2019, our business model was solely a project-based construction model pursuant to which we were responsible for the design and construction of finished products that incorporated our technology primarily to customers in the multi-family housing, restaurant, military and education industries throughout the United States. In October 2019, we changed our business model for our residential building construction to a royalty fee model when we entered into a five year exclusive license with CPF pursuant to which CPF licensed on an exclusive basis our proprietary technology, intellectual property, any improvements thereto, and any related permits, with the right to develop and commercialize products in the United States and its territories within the field of design and project management platforms for residential use, including, without limitation, single-family residences and multi-family residences, but specifically excluding military housing. On June 15, 2021, we terminated the exclusive license with CPF by mutual agreement and changed our business model back to a project-based construction model.
In March 2020, we began increasing our focus on providing our Modules as health care facilities for deployable medical response solutions. In May, we entered into a partnership with Grimshaw Design for the deployment of our D-Tec suite of prefabricated health facilities for on-site immediate COVID-19 testing. In September we entered the U.S. test lab market by forming a joint venture with Clarity Labs, a manufacturer and market leader of rapid diagnostic tests, to launch CLIA-certified laboratories. Our joint venture with Clarity has allowed us to not only supply our prefabricated health facilities but also allows us to provide testing services at such facilities. We have supplied our building modular coronavirus testing centers and provide testing services for Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), Memorial Hospital in Wayne County, Michigan and have been selected as a Trusted Testing Partner (TTP) for Hawaii’s COVID-19 travel testing program.
In September 2020, we acquired substantially all the assets of Echo DCL, LLC ("Echo"), except for Echo’s real estate holdings for which we obtained a right of first refusal. Echo is a container/modular manufacturer based in Durant, Oklahoma specializing in the design and construction of permanent modular and temporary modular buildings and was one of our key supply chain partners. This acquisition has allowed us to expand our reach for our Modules and offers us an opportunity to vertically integrate a large portion of our cost of goods sold, as well as increase margins, productivity and efficiency in the areas of design, estimating, manufacturing and delivery.
In November 2020, Clarity Mobile Venture, our joint venture partnership, entered into a contract with the City of Los Angeles for the operations of a COVID-19 PCR test laboratory at Los Angeles International Airport ("LAWA") to provide a full-service modular laboratory and testing facility onsite at the airport. The facility is located across from LAWA Terminal 6 and opened in December 2020. The facility administers PCR tests with results available within three hours for passengers and airline crew, and no later than 24 hours for LAWA airport employees. Additionally, other rapid coronavirus tests including antigen tests have been provided. Clarity Mobile Venture will be the primary operator of the facility.
In November 2020, we and Memorial Hospital (“Memorial”) in Wayne County, Michigan entered into a Professional Services and Capital Support Contract (“PSCSC”) with Wayne County, Michigan which engaged the Company as a sub-contractor to render services and support to support Memorial, as the primary contractor, in connection with the fulfillment of statements of work submitted from Wayne County to Memorial to construct portable on-site laboratory facilities for COVID-19 testing. The program deploy the D-Tec Product Series designed by Grimshaw Architects and developed by SG Blocks. Two D-Tec 1 Collection Units were deployed throughout Wayne County and provided COVID-19 test samples to the CLIA lab for clinical testing services. The COVID-19 testing program with Memorial ceased operations in November 2021.
Our operations are currently conducted out of two segments (i) construction services (and engineering services) and (ii) medical revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2021, a significant portion of our revenue, approximately 82% of our revenue, was derived from our medical revenue segment, while approximately 18% of our revenue was derived from construction services.
Results of Operations
Our operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 may not be indicative of our future operations.
Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2021
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Total Revenue
Construction services (includes engineering)
$
6,793,690
$
4,514,123
Medical revenue
31,548,012
4,241,500
Consolidated
38,341,702
8,755,623
Year over year % growth:
Construction services
50% %
-
Medical revenue
644% %
-
Consolidated
%
-
Net revenue % mix:
Construction services
%
%
Medical revenue
%
%
Consolidated
%
%
Operating Income (Loss)
Construction services
(7,041,313 )
161,212
Medical
8,405,332
996,956
Development
(203,078 )
-
Corporate and Support
(7,143,791 )
(5,741,001 )
Consolidated
(5,982,850 )
(4,582,832 )
Other Income (Expenses)
74,478
74,670
Add: Net profit attributable to common stockholders of SG Blocks, Inc.
4,924,302
184,567
Net loss attributable to common stockholders of SG Blocks, Inc.
(10,832,674 )
(4,692,729 )
Revenue
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we derived revenue substantially all of our revenue from the following two segments: construction services and medical revenue. Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $38,341,702 compared to $8,755,623 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Revenue increased 338% in 2021, compared to the prior year.
Medical revenue increased 644% in 2021 compared to the prior year. The revenue growth primarily reflects a full year of COVID-19 testing revenue in 2021 versus 2020 which represents testing revenue for the fourth quarter of 2020. The overall volume of testing samples collected at LAX airport increased significantly from 2020 due to us being on-site at LAX airport for the entire year of 2021. The majority of the medical revenue came from operations of our Clarity Mobile joint venture.
Construction services revenue increased 50% in 2021 compared to the prior year. The revenue growth primarily is due to the acquisition of Echo DCL, LLC in September 2020. The revenue growth reflects increased modular revenue from SG Echo's manufacturing facility. We manufactured several smaller prototype modules in 2021 in order to gain larger unit orders from our existing customer base.
Operating Income (Loss)
Operating Loss was $5,982,850 for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $4,582,832 for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing an increase of $1,400,018 or 31%. in 2021 compared to the prior year.
Construction services operating loss in 2021 was $7,041,313 as compared to the prior year's operating income of $161,213, primarily due to higher procurement and manufacturing costs of modifying containers and wood modular units. The costs of materials such as lumber, plumbing, roofing, and other supplies to modify and build these units were increased due in part to COVID-19 supply chain issues. We purchased Echo in 2020 and assumed their current projects that had lower gross margins due to the increase in materials prices. In addition, we incurred higher than expected material and labor costs on several prototype modules projects in 2021 in order to win future revenue orders. We do not anticipate the same number of prototype projects in 2022. We expect construction operating loss to continue to be negatively impacted through at least Q1 2022 by COVID-19 related costs and we have completed in 2021 all but one of the assumed contracts from the purchase of Echo.
Medical revenue operating income in 2021 was $8,405,332, as compared to the prior year's operating income of $996,956, primarily due to increased testing samples being collected at our COVID-19 laboratory at LAX airport and the selection of higher priced COVID-19 tests available for our customers seeking a rapid COVID-19 test result, partially offset by increased labor costs and lower than anticipated testing volume with our COVID-19 testing program with Memorial Healthcare and Wayne County, Michigan. We have ceased operations with Memorial Healthcare in Q4 2021.
Development operating loss in 2021 is related to operating expenses incurred for certain development projects that were started in 2021 and currently being developed for future use. No revenue has been generated by development in 2021 to offset these operating expenses.
Corporate and support operating loss increased in 2021, as compared to the prior year, and such increase is primarily due to increases overhead costs in public expenses related to SEC compliance and legal costs, increase payroll due to additional head count and stock compensation in order to retain key employees, increases in IT support and increase in insurance expenses to support the various operations of the Company.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $57,266 mainly derived from bank interest and interest associated with an outstanding note receivable. There was $61,675 of interest income for the December 31, 2020. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $62,602 and $23,282, respectively. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $1,254 and $9,275, respectively. The interest expense for 2020 was mainly related to the Securities Purchase Agreement entered into on February 4, 2020 with an accredited investor. Loss on asset disposal for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $44,081 and $1,012, respectively.
Income Tax Provision
A 100% valuation allowance was provided against the deferred tax asset consisting of available net operating loss carryforwards and, accordingly, no income tax benefit was provided.
Impact of Inflation
The impact of inflation upon our revenue and income (loss) from continuing operations during each of the past two fiscal years has not been material to its financial position or results of operations for those years because we do not maintain any inventories whose costs are affected by inflation.
Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
With the continuing global spread of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic during 2021, we have implemented business continuity plans designed to address and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its employees and business. The worldwide spread of variants of the COVID-19 virus is expected to result in a global slowdown of economic activity which is likely to decrease demand for a broad variety of goods and services, including from our customers, while also resulting in delays in projects due to labor shortages and supplier disruptions for an unknown period of time until the disease is contained. To date, we have experienced some delays in projects due to COVID-19, in particular supply chain issues, which we expect to continue and to continue to have an impact on our revenue and our results of operations, the size and duration of which we are currently unable to predict. Any quarantines, the timing and length of containment and eradication solutions, travel restrictions, absenteeism by infected workers, labor shortages or other disruptions to the suppliers and contract manufacturers or customers would likely adversely impact our sales, and operating results and result in further project delays. In addition, the continued pandemic could result in an economic downturn that could affect the ability of our customers and licensees to obtain financing and therefore impact demand for our products. Order lead times could be extended or delayed and increases we have experienced in pricing could continue to increase. Some products or services may become unavailable if the regional or global spread were significant enough to prevent alternative sourcing. Accordingly, we are considering alternative product sourcing in the event that product supply becomes problematic. We expect this global pandemic to have an impact on the Company's revenue and results of operations, the size and duration of which we are currently unable to predict. In addition, to the extent the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks and uncertainties which we face.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had an aggregate of $13,024,381 and $13,010,356, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. To date, we have financed our operations from revenue generated from operations and sales of our equity and to a lesser extent debt financing.
On February 4, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an accredited investor, pursuant to which we issued to the investor a secured note in the aggregate principal amount of $200,000 (the “Note”). The Note is one of a series of up to $400,000 of notes that may be issued by us, bears interest at a rate of nine percent (9%) per annum, is due on July 31, 2023, and is secured under a Pledge Agreement, dated February 4, 2020, entered into with the investor (the “Pledge Agreement”) by a security interest in the royalty payable to us under that certain Exclusive License Agreement, dated October 3, 2019, with CPF GP 2019-1 LLC. We have the right to prepay the Note, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, without premium or penalty.
In April 2020, we completed a public offering where we pursuant to which we issued 440,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $4.25 per share which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $1,522,339 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses related to the offering. We incurred a total of approximately $347,661 in issuance costs in connection with the offering and issued no warrants to purchase shares of common stock to the underwriter.
In May 2020, we sold 6,000,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $2.50 per share and on May 15, 2020, pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement dated May 6, 2020 by and among us and ThinkEquity, a division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc., as representatives of several underwriters named therein ("ThinkEquity"), ThinkEquity was granted an over-allotment option to purchase up to an additional 900,000 shares of our common stock, in connection with the previously announced public offering. On May 15, 2020, ThinkEquity exercised in full such option with respect to all 900,000 shares of our common stock. After giving effect to the full exercise of the over-allotment option, the total number of shares of common stock sold by us in the public offering was 6,900,000 shares of common stock and total net proceeds to us, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us, were approximately $15,596,141. We incurred a total of approximately $1,653,859 in issuance costs in connection with the offering and issued warrants to purchase 300,000 shares of common stock to the underwriter.
In October 2021, we completed a registered direct offering and concurrent private offering pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 975,000 shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,189,384 shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase 1,898,630 shares of Common Stock which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $10,488,000 after deducting underwriting commission and other expenses related to the offering.
At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had a cash balance and short-term investments of $13,024,381 and $13,010,356. As of December 31, 2021, our stockholders’ equity was 20,352,054 compared to $18,253,256 as of December 31, 2020. Our net loss for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $5,908,372 and $4,508,162, respectively. This increase was primarily due to an increase in gross profit of approximately $108,000 offset by an increase in operating expenses of approximately $1,508,000 in 2021. Net cash used in operating activities was $662,759 and $2,887,950 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase resulted mainly from an increase of approximately $2,678,356 in working capital, an increase of approximately $386,000 in non-cash stock compensation expense, an increase of approximately $348,000 in depreciation, an increase in loss on asset disposal of approximately $43,000, an increase in bad debt expense of approximately $157,000 offset by an increase in the overall net loss of approximately $1,400,000 in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to year ended December 31, 2020. We anticipate our cash balance is sufficient to last at least twelve months from April 15, 2022.
We may need to generate additional revenues or secure additional financing sources, such as debt or equity capital, to fund future growth, which financing may not be available on favorable terms or at all. We do not have any additional sources secured for future funding, and if we are unable to raise the necessary capital at the times we require such funding, we may need to materially change our business plan, including delaying implementation of aspects of such business plan or curtailing or abandoning such business plan altogether.
Cash Flow Summary
For The Year Ended
December 31,
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
$
(662,759
)
$
(2,887,950
)
Investing activities
(9,471,257
)
(3,045,723
)
Financing activities
10,148,041
17,318,358
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
$
14,025
$
11,384,685
Operating activities used net cash of $662,759 during the Year ended December 31, 2021, and $2,887,950 during the Year ended December 30, 2020. Generally, our net operating cash flows fluctuate primarily based on changes in our profitability and working capital. Cash used in operating activities decreased by approximately $2,225,000 primarily due to an decrease in working capital of approximately $2,675,000 due in part to increases in accrued losses from the legacy SG Echo contracts we assumed and increases in accounts payable with the additions of operations of new entities, SG DevCorp, Chicago Airport Testing, and SG Echo, from the corresponding period of the prior year. In addition, we had an increase of approximately $386,000 in stock-based compensation, an increase of approximately $348,000 in depreciation expense, an increase of approximately $157,000 in bad debt expense and an increase in the overall net loss of approximately $1,400,200, during the Year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the Year ended December 31, 2020.
Investing activities used net cash of $9,471,257 during the Year ended December 31, 2021, and $3,045,723 during the Year ended December 30, 2020. Cash used in investing activities increased from the corresponding period of the prior year primarily due to the purchase of property, plant and equipment of approximately $3,250,000 which includes the land purchase for the Lago Vista - Austin project, purchase of intangible assets of $42,500, an investments in two SG DevCorp entities totaling approximately $3,600,000 and we received proceeds from the sale of equipment for $225,000.
Financing activities provided net cash of $10,148,041 during the year ended December 31, 2021, and provided net cash of $17,318,358 during the Year ended December 31, 2020. Cash provided by financing activities decreased by approximately $7,170,000 due to a decrease in proceeds from public stock offerings and proceeds from long-term note payable in the year ended 31, 2021. Cash used by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by approximately $3,745,000 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 due to distributions paid to our non-controlling interest partner, offset by an increase of approximately $707,000 in proceeds from conversion of outstanding warrants to common stock and proceeds from short-term note payable of $2,000,000.
We provide services to our construction customers in three separate phases: the design phase, the architectural and engineering phase and the construction phase. Each phase is independent of the other, but builds through a progression of concept through delivery of a completed structure. These phases may be embodied in a single contract or in separate contracts, which is typical of a design build process model. As of December 31, 2021, we had 11 projects totaling $3,217,909 under contract, which, if they all proceed to construction, will result in us constructing approximately 101,392 square feet of modular space. Of these contracts, all eleven (11) projects combine all three phases or parts thereof and including construction. We expect that all of this revenue will be realized by December 31, 2022.
Backlog may fluctuate significantly due to the timing of orders or awards for large projects and is not necessarily indicative of future backlog levels or the rate at which backlog will be recognized as revenue. The decrease in backlog at December 31, 2021 is primarily attributable to one new contract we entered into during the first quarter of 2021 for approximately $1,325,000, one new contract in the third quarter of 2021 for approximately $857,000 and one partial contract cancellation of approximately ($1,300,000), one new contract we entered into during the fourth quarter of 2021 for approximately $780,000 and one contract cancellation of approximately ($16,920,000) offset by work in progress or completed contracts during the year ended 2021 for approximately $6,793,000. We expect that all of this revenue will be realized by December 31, 2022. Backlog does not include COVID tests or testing services provided through our joint venture, Clarity Mobile Venture.
There can be no assurance that our customers will decide to and/or be able to proceed with these construction projects, or that we will ultimately recognize revenue from these projects in a timely manner or at all.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements to which we are a party.
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements with third parties that include indemnification provisions which, in our judgment, are normal and customary for companies in our industry sector. These agreements are typically with consultants and certain vendors. Pursuant to these agreements, we generally agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties with respect to actions taken or omitted by us. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is unlimited. We have not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. As a result, the estimated fair value of liabilities relating to these provisions is minimal. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these provisions as of December 31, 2021.
Critical Accounting Policies and New Accounting Pronouncements
Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In connection with the preparation of the financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses, and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates, and judgments on historical experience, current trends, and other factors that we believe to be relevant at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates, and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.
Our significant accounting policies are discussed in “Note 3-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. We believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
Share-based payments. We measure the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. For employees and directors, including non-employee directors, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date. For non-employees, the fair value of the award is generally re-measured on interim financial reporting dates and vesting dates until the service period is complete. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. We recognize stock-based compensation expense on a graded-vesting basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of each award. Stock-based compensation expense to employees and all directors is reported within payroll and related expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Stock-based compensation expense to non-employees is reported within marketing and business development expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
Convertible instruments. SGB bifurcates conversion options from their host instruments and accounts for them as free-standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria include circumstances in which (i) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract; (ii) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable GAAP measures with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur; and (iii) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument.
SGB determined that the embedded conversion options that were included in the previously outstanding convertible debentures should be bifurcated from their host and a portion of the proceeds received upon the issuance of the hybrid contract has been allocated to the fair value of the derivative. The derivative was subsequently marked to market at each reporting date based on current fair value, with the changes in fair value reported in results of operations.
Revenue recognition - The Company determines, at contract inception, whether it will transfer control of a promised good or service over time or at a point in time, regardless of the length of contract or other factors. The recognition of revenue aligns with the timing of when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps in accordance with its revenue policy:
(1) Identify the contract with a customer
(2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract
(3) Determine the transaction price
(4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract
(5) Recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied
On certain contracts, the Company applies recognition of revenue over time, which is similar to the method the Company applied under previous guidance (i.e. percentage of completion). Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation will be revised in the near-term. For those performance obligations for which revenue is recognized using a cost-to-cost input method, changes in total estimated costs, and related progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. When the current estimate of total costs for a performance obligation indicate a loss, a provision for the entire estimated loss on the unsatisfied performance obligation is made in the period in which the loss becomes evident.
For product or equipment sales, the Company applies recognition of revenue when the customer obtains control over such goods, which is at a point in time.
On October 3, 2019, we entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (“ELA” ) pursuant to which we granted an exclusive license for our technology as outlined in the ELA. The ELA is described below. Under the ELA, we were to receive royalty payments based upon gross revenues earned by the licensee for commercialized products within the field of design and project management platforms for residential use, including single-family residences and multi-family residences, but excluding military housing. We have determined that the ELA granted the licensee a right to access our intellectual property throughout the license period (or its remaining economic life, if shorter), and thus recognizes revenue over time as the licensee recognizes revenue and we have the right to payment of royalties. On June 15, 2021 we terminated the Exclusive License Agreement with CPF that we had entered into on October 3, 2019. No revenue has been recognized under the ELA for the year ended December 31, 2021.
On October 9, 2019, we entered into a Right of First Refusal Agreement (the “Agreement”) with CMC Development LLC (“CMC”). See Note 3 for a discussion on the Right of First Refusal Agreement. Under the agreement, we have a right of first refusal with respect to being engaged as a designer and builder of any real estate projects for which CMC has secured the rights to develop and in which CMC has a greater than fifty percent (50%) interest in the owner or developer entity and has the right to select the builder for such real estate project (the “ROFR Rights”). In exchange for such ROFR Rights, we agreed to issue to CMC 2,500 shares of restricted stock of our common stock, of which 1,250 shares will vest and be issued on September 30, 2020 and the remaining 1,250 shares will vest and be issued on September 30, 2021, unless the Agreement is earlier terminated. In the event that the Agreement is earlier terminated, CMC will still be entitled to receive the entire amount of such restricted stock that has vested as of such earlier termination date, but in no event less than 1,250 shares of such restricted stock. The Agreement also provides for customary indemnification and confidentiality obligations between the parties. The 2,500 shares of restricted stock of our common stock has yet to be issued to CMC.
The Agreement also provides that CMC has engaged us to build and design, in the aggregate, approximately 100 residential and commercial units at 1100 Ridge Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia, which is known as the “Ridge Avenue, Atlanta Project.” The total cost of the project is $16,900,000. The project is a residential project but it was not subject to the recently terminated ELA. The planning stage of the project was initially delayed due to COVID-19. We are no longer participating on Ridge Avenue as CMC has decided to proceed with this project as a traditional construction build. We reported this as a cancellation within our backlog footnote, see Note 13 on this discussion. No revenue has been recognized under the Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2021.
We entered into a joint venture agreement with Clarity Lab Solutions, LLC (“Clarity Labs”) (the “JV”). Revenue from the activities of the JV is related to clinical testing services and is recognized when services have been rendered, which is at a point in time. In addition, we formed Chicago Airport Testing, LLC which collects rental revenue. During the year ending December 31, 2021, we recognized approximately $31,400,000 in revenue related to activities through the two JV's, which is included in medical revenue on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
We acquired a 10% non-dilutable equity interest for JDI-Cumberland Inlet, LLC and acquired a 50% membership interest in Norman Berry II Owner LLC in the second quarter of 2021. We have determined we are not the primary beneficiary and thus will not consolidate the activities on the consolidated financial statements. We will use the equity method to report the activities as an investment in on our consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of reorganization value over the fair value of identified net assets upon emergence from bankruptcy. In accordance with the accounting guidance on goodwill, SGB performs its impairment test of goodwill at the reporting unit level each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its reporting unit below its carrying value. Our evaluation of goodwill completed during the year ended December 31, 2021, resulted in no impairment loss.
Intangible assets - Intangible assets consist of $2,766,000 of proprietary knowledge and technology, which is being amortized over 20 years. In addition, included in intangible assets is $97,164 of trademarks, and $47,800 of website costs that are being amortized over 5 years. We evaluated intangible assets for impairment during the year ended December 31, 2021, and determined that there are no impairment losses.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements.
Non-GAAP Financial Information
In addition to our results under GAAP, we also present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for historical periods. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures and have been presented as supplemental measures of financial performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. We calculate EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense, income tax benefit (expense), depreciation and amortization. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA before certain non-recurring adjustments such as loss on conversion of convertible debentures, change in fair value of financial instruments and stock compensation expense.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are presented because they are important metrics used by management as one of the means by which it assesses our financial performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are also frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. These measures, when used in conjunction with related GAAP financial measures, provide investors with an additional financial analytical framework that may be useful in assessing us and our results of operations.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have certain limitations. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss), or any other measures of financial performance derived in accordance with GAAP. These measures also should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items for which these non-GAAP measures make adjustments. Additionally, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not intended to be liquidity measures because of certain limitations, including, but not limited to:
●
They do not reflect our cash outlays for capital expenditures;
●
They do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, working capital; and
●
Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets are being depreciated and amortized and may have to be replaced in the future, and these non-GAAP measures do not reflect cash requirements for such replacements.
Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may not use such measures or may calculate one or more of the measures differently than as presented in this Annual Report, limiting their usefulness as a comparative measure.
In evaluating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we will incur expenses that are the same or similar to some of the adjustments made in our calculations, and our presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed to mean that our future results will be unaffected by such adjustment. Management compensates for these limitations by using EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as supplemental financial metrics and in conjunction with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes.
The following is a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the nearest GAAP measure, net loss:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Net loss attributable to common stockholders of SG Blocks, Inc.
$
(10,832,674
)
$
(4,692,729
)
Addback interest expense
1,254
9,275
Addback interest income
(57,266 )
(61,675 )
Addback depreciation and amortization
605,405
239,982
EBITDA (non-GAAP)
(10,283,281
)
(4,505,147
)
Addback loss on asset disposal
44,081
1,012
Addback litigation expense
570,934
461,613
Addback stock-based compensation expense
1,647,391
1,261,215
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP)
$
(8,020,875
)
$
(2,781,307
)

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
Our financial statements and the notes thereto, together with the report thereon of Whitley Penn LLP, our registered public accounting firm, dated April 15, 2022, appear beginning on page of this report.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer believe that the consolidated financial statements and other information contained in this Annual Report present fairly, in all material respects, our business, financial condition and results of operations.
(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control systems, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the exemption provided to issuers that are neither “large accelerated filers” nor “accelerated filers” under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were changes made to our internal control process that improved the timely closing of our accounting records and added additional steps within our review process for complex and new transactions over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2021.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
Below is certain information regarding our directors and executive officers.
Name of Director or Executive Officer
Ages
Position Served as an Officer and/or Director Since
Paul M. Galvin
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer November 2011
Yaniv Blumenfeld
Director April 2018
Maggie Coleman (1)(3)(6)
Director
June 2020
Christopher Melton (2)(5)
Director
November 2011
Joseph Safina (1)(3)
Director
May 2021
David Villarreal (4)(5)(7)
Director May 2021
William Rogers
Chief Operating Officer December 2020
Gerald Sheeran
Acting Chief Financial Officer
August 2019
(1) Audit Committee Member.
(2) Audit Committee Chairman.
(3) Compensation Committee Member.
(4) Compensation Committee Chairman.
(5) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Member.
(6) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Chair
(7) Lead Independent Director.
Paul M. Galvin was appointed as a director and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer upon consummation of the reverse merger among CDSI Holdings Inc., CDSI Merger Sub, Inc., the Company, and certain stockholders of the Company on November 4, 2011 (the “Merger”). Mr. Galvin is a founder of SG Blocks, LLC, the predecessor entity of the Company. He has served as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company since April 2009 and as a director of the Company since January 2007. Mr. Galvin has been a managing member of TAG Partners, LLC (“TAG”), an investment partnership formed for the purpose of investing in the Company, since October 2007. Mr. Galvin brings over 30 years of experience developing and managing real estate, including residential condominiums, luxury sales and market rate and affordable rental projects. Prior to his involvement in real estate, he founded a non-profit organization that focused on public health, housing and child survival, where he served for over a decade in a leadership position. During that period, Mr. Galvin designed, developed and managed emergency food and shelter programs through New York City’s Human Resources Administration and other federal and state entities. From November 2005 to June 2007, Mr. Galvin was Chief Operating Officer of a subsidiary of Yucaipa Investments, where he worked with religious institutions that needed to monetize underperforming assets. While there, he designed and managed systems that produced highest and best use analyses for hundreds of religious assets and used them to acquire and re-develop properties across the U.S. Mr. Galvin holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from LeMoyne College and a Master’s Degree in Social Policy from Fordham University. He was formerly an adjunct professor at Fordham University’s Graduate School of Welfare. Mr. Galvin previously served for 10 years on the Sisters of Charity Healthcare System Advisory Board and six years on the board of SentiCare, Inc. In 2011, the Council of Churches of New York recognized Mr. Galvin with an Outstanding Business Leadership Award.
We selected Mr. Galvin to serve on our Board because he brings extensive knowledge of the real estate and finance industries and managements experience. Mr. Galvin’s pertinent experience, qualifications, attributes and skills include his expertise in real estate development and management and finance.
Yaniv Blumenfeld joined the Board of Directors in April 2018. He founded Glacier Global Partners LLC in 2009 and is responsible for its strategic direction and oversees its investments and day-to-day management, including origination, underwriting, closing, investor relations and asset management functions. Mr. Blumenfeld has over 20 years of real estate experience, 13 years of which have been with leading Wall Street firms, where he was responsible for structuring, underwriting, pricing, securitizing and syndicating over $16 billion of commercial real estate loans and equity transactions. Prior to founding Glacier Global Partners LLC, Mr. Blumenfeld was a Managing Director at The Bear Stearns Companies, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase & Co., and, in such role, was responsible for structuring and closing over $2 billion in real estate debt and equity transactions for institutional clientele. Prior to that, Mr. Blumenfeld was a Managing Director and Head of the CMBS Capital Markets Group for the U.S. at EuroHypo AG, then world’s largest real estate investment bank. In that capacity, Mr. Blumenfeld expanded the large loan CMBS group and oversaw the structuring, pricing, securitization and syndication functions and served on the bank’s investment committee in charge of approving all transactions. He designed and implemented risk-control measures, standardized underwriting and pricing models and structured over $4 billion of real estate loans. Other positions previously held by Mr. Blumenfeld include Senior Vice President at Lehman Brothers, PaineWebber/UBS and Daiwa Securities. Prior to joining the banking industry, Mr. Blumenfeld worked as a real estate consultant at Ernst & Young real estate consulting group, advising real estate owners and operators, and various investment banks. Mr. Blumenfeld received a Bachelor of Science in real estate finance from Cornell University School of Hotel Administration. He is a member of the CRE Finance Council, was a guest lecturer at Columbia University, and was a recipient of the Young Jewish Professional NYC Real Estate Entrepreneur & Achievement Award in 2013. He is also involved with various philanthropic organizations, including The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, White Plains Hospital, American Friends of Rabin Medical Center and is on the board of directors of Arts Westchester and the White Plains Business Improvement District.
We selected Mr. Blumenfeld to serve on our Board because he brings extensive knowledge of the real estate finance industry. Mr. Blumenfeld’s pertinent experience, qualifications, attributes and skills include expertise in real estate finance, risk-control, developments, investment banking and capital raising.
Maggie Coleman was appointed as a director of the Company in June of 2020. She is Managing Partner as Sera Global where she leads the Private Capital Advisory practice for real estate and is reponsible for advising leading general partners, operating companies and managers of real assets on capital formation and fund strategy including capital raising. Additional, she oversees Sera Global's investor coverage across institutional relationships, private equity and private capital groups. Prior to joining Sera Global, she was a Senior Managing Director and Co-Head of International Capital, Americas at Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated (NYSE: JLL), a Fortune 500 company. In this role, Ms. Coleman led a team that was primarily focused on cross-border capital deployment from global investors across Canada, EMEA and Asia Pacific. Ms. Coleman was responsible for placing capital from international investors into JLL’s direct transactions, structuring recapitalizations and joint ventures, while also helping offshore capital acquire and finance JLL’s global investment portfolios and large single asset sales. Ms. Coleman has been involved in over $20 billion in transactions and has directed the JLL platform that has executed over $53 billion in transactions since 2011, including over $10 billion in loan sales in the US, Europe and Asia. Further, Ms. Coleman was responsible for business development, client management and the execution of global transactions and is a frequent speaker on global capital flows in the real estate sector. Ms. Coleman also served in various other positions at JLL including as Executive Vice President at JLL form 2013-209 and Managing Director for, 2016-2019. Prior to its merger with JLL in 2008, Ms. Coleman worked as a Director within the M&A Advisory Services group of Staubach Capital Markets specializing in real estate structured financial solutions and investment banking. Ms. Coleman earned a master’s degree from the University of Chicago in Political Economy and a bachelor’s degree in business economics & public policy (BEPP) and international business from Indiana University’s Kelley School of Business. Ms. Coleman is a council member of the Urban Development/Mixed-Use Council (UDMUC) at the Urban Land Institute. Commercial Property Executive named Ms. Coleman as a recipient of the “Rising Leader Award” for 2012. In 2012, Ms. Coleman also received the Catalyst Award from JLL for her achievements in team management. Ms. Coleman is affiliated with the Guild Board of the Boys & Girls Clubs of Chicago and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Jackson Chance Foundation.
We selected Ms. Coleman to serve on our Board because she brings extensive real estate investment knowledge. Ms. Coleman’s pertinent experience, qualifications, attributes and skills include expertise in real estate investment and financial literacy.
Christopher Melton was appointed as a director of the Company upon consummation of the Merger on November 4, 2011. Mr. Melton is a licensed real estate salesperson in the State of South Carolina and until June 2019 was a principal of Callegro Investments, LLC, a specialist land investor investing in the southeastern U.S., which he founded 2012. Since June 2019 he has served as a specialist Land Advisor with SVN. Mr. Melton also serves on several public and private boards, including Jupiter Wellness, Inc. since August 2019 and has served since February 2018 as chief investment officer and analyst at TNT Capital Advisors, a capital advisory firm based in Florida. He also served as a sales agent as MSK Commercial Services, a commercial real estate company, from February 2018 to June 2019. From 2000 to 2008, Mr. Melton was a Portfolio Manager for Kingdon Capital Management (“Kingdon”) in New York City, where he ran an $800 million book in media, telecom and Japanese investment. Mr. Melton opened Kingdon’s office in Japan, where he set up a Japanese research company. From 1997 to 2000, Mr. Melton served as a Vice President at JPMorgan Investment Management as an equity research analyst, where he helped manage $500 million in REIT funds under management. Mr. Melton was a Senior Real Estate Equity Analyst at RREEF Funds in Chicago from 1995 to 1997. RREEF Funds is the real estate investment management business of Deutsche Bank’s Asset Management division. Mr. Melton earned a Bachelor of Arts in Political Economy of Industrial Societies from the University of California, Berkeley in 1995. Mr. Melton earned Certification from University of California, Los Angeles’s Anderson Director Education Program in 2014.
We selected Mr. Melton to serve on our Board because he brings extensive knowledge of finance and the real estate industry. Mr. Melton’s pertinent experience, qualifications, attributes and skills include financial literacy and expertise, managerial experience and the knowledge and experience he has attained through his real estate investment and development activities.
Joseph Safina was appointed as a director of the Company on May 28, 2021. Mr. Safina is a serial entrepreneur with over thirty years of experience in investment banking working with public and privately held small to mid-cap companies. Since 1997, Mr. Safina has been the principal of Safina Capital, an “all-stage” investment firm which offers its portfolio companies investment capital, strategic insight, global relationships and operational support. He has been instrumental in helping his clients with large-scale fund-raising, merger & acquisitions, business development, marketing and financial management. In 1988, Joseph Safina joined NYSE Member firm, Gruntal & Co., as a Senior Vice President. He was a top producer and was tasked with building Gruntal’s Corporate Finance Department. He left Gruntal & Co. in 1993 and founded Nichols, Safina, Lerner & Co. Inc. (NSL) - a New York-based broker dealer. As the C.E.O. of NSL, he navigated the firm from a start-up into a 200 employee, multi-location company. Mr. Safina also headed up NSL’s trading desk, making markets in hundreds of stocks and was profiled as one of the top ten Bankers in the country in R.J. Shook’s “The Winners Circle”. Mr. Safina has raced cars professionally for over ten years and has competed at the prestigious 24 Hours at Daytona, The 12 Hours of Sebring and The 24 Hours of Dubai representing BMW, Ford and Porsche with several IMSA podium finishes. He is also a pilot, scuba diver and competitive cyclist.
We selected Mr. Safina to serve on our Board because he brings extensive knowledge of finance industry. Mr. Safina’s pertinent experience, qualifications, attributes and skills include financial literacy and expertise, managerial experience and the knowledge and experience he has attained through his investment activities.
David Villarreal was appointed as a director of the Company on May 28, 2021. Mr. Villarreal’s career spans over 40 years in various management, business and leadership capacities, beginning in 1977 when he served as Deputy Mayor and Senior Deputy Economic Development Advisor, under Mayor Tom Bradley in the City of Los Angeles. He has served since August 2014 as the Chief Administrative Officer of Affinity Partnerships, LLC, a Costco national mortgage services platform provider, with annual closed loan production of $8+ billion through a network of ten national mortgage lenders. From March 2011 to August 2014, he served as the President -Corporate Business Development, of Prime Source Mortgage, Inc. From September 2008 to September 2012, he served as a Consultant to the International Brotherhood of Teamsters.
We selected Mr. Villarreal to serve on our Board because he brings extensive knowledge of mortgage and real estate industry. Mr. Villarreal’s pertinent experience, qualifications, attributes and skills include financial literacy and expertise, managerial experience and the knowledge and experience he has attained through his real estate investment activities.
William Rogers has served as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer since December 2020. Mr. Rogers has over 30 years of professional construction experience as lead superintendent. From April 2007 through December 2020, Mr. Rogers acted as the Construction Superintendent at Plaza Construction Corp. based out of New York City. As the Construction Superintendent, Mr. Rogers supervised and directed subcontractors while demonstrating strong leadership, communication, organizational and time management skills. As part of his responsibilities, Mr. Rogers monitored costs including labor and material, project schedule and progress, and coordinated the sequence of construction details.
Gerald Sheeran has served as the Controller of the Company since March of 2018 and Acting Chief Financial Officer since August 22, 2019. Mr. Sheeran brings to our Company extensive experience and expertise in areas of finance and accounting. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Sheeran was a Senior Accounting Manager for Lucid Energy Group from March of 2013 to March of 2018. Before his time at Lucid Energy Group, Mr. Sheeran worked for several different companies in connection with their accounting, reporting, and financial operations. Mr. Sheeran holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from the University of Texas at Arlington.
Board Leadership Structure
The Board recognizes that one of its key responsibilities is to evaluate and determine its optimal leadership structure to provide independent oversight of management. Our Board is currently led by a Chairman of the Board who also serves as our Chief Executive Officer. The Board understands that the right Board leadership structure may vary depending on the circumstances, and our independent directors periodically assess these roles and the Board leadership to ensure the leadership structure best serves the interests of the Company and stockholders.
Mr. Galvin currently holds the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer roles. Mr. Villarreal currently serves as the Lead Independent Director appointed by the majority of the Board.
The responsibilities of the Lead Independent Director include, among others: (i) serving as primary intermediary between non-employee directors and management; (ii) approving the agenda and meeting schedules for the Board; (iii) advising the Chairman of the Board as to the quality, quantity and timeliness of the information submitted by management to directors; (iv) recommending director candidates and selections for the membership and chairman position for each committee of the Board; (v) calling meetings of independent directors; and (vi) serving as liaison for consultation and communication with stockholders.
We believe the current leadership structure, with combined Chairman and Chief Executive Officer roles and a Lead Independent Director, best serves the Company and its stockholders at this time. Mr. Galvin possesses detailed and in-depth knowledge of the Company and the industry and the issues, opportunities and challenges we face, and is best positioned to ensure the most critical business issues are brought for consideration by the Board. In addition, having one leader serving as both the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer provides decisive, consistent and effective leadership, as well as clear accountability to our stockholders and customers. This enhances our ability to communicate our message and strategy clearly and consistently to our stockholders, employees, customers and suppliers, particularly during times of turbulent economic and industry conditions. The Board believes the appointment of a strong Lead Independent Director and the use of regular executive sessions of the non-management directors, along with a majority the Board being composed of independent directors, allow it to maintain effective oversight of management. We believe that the combination of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer roles is appropriate in the current circumstances and, based on the relevant facts and circumstances, separation of these offices would not serve our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders at this time.
Director Independence
Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605 requires a majority of a listed company’s board to be comprised of independent directors. In addition, the Nasdaq Listing Rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit and compensation committees be independent under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Members of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rules 10A-3 and 10C-1 under the Exchange Act, respectively. Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2), a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of the Board, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Exchange Act Rule 10A-3, an Audit Committee member may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the Audit Committee, the Board or any other committee of the Board, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or otherwise be affiliated with the Company or any of its subsidiaries. In order for Compensation Committee members to be considered independent for purposes of Exchange Act Rule 10C-1, the Board must consider all factors specifically relevant to determining whether a director has a relationship to the Company that is material to that director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a Compensation Committee member, including, but not limited to: (1) the source of compensation of the director, including any consulting advisory or other compensatory fee paid by the Company to the director; and (2) whether the director is affiliated with the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.
The Board has reviewed the materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with the Company and has determined that each of Messrs. Villarreal, Melton and Safina, and Ms. Coleman, is “independent” in accordance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules. Mr. Galvin is not considered “independent” due to his executive position. Mr. Blumenfeld is also not considered "independent" due to compensation he received from certain business relationships he has with us. As such independent directors comprise a majority of our Board and the members of our Audit, Compensation, and Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committees are fully independent.
Board and Committee Responsibilities
Generally
The Board is the ultimate decision-making body of the Company, except with respect to those matters to be decided by the stockholders. It selects the Chief Executive Officer and other members of the senior management team, which is charged with the conduct of the Company’s day-to-day business. The Board acts as an advisor and counselor to senior management and ultimately monitors its performance. The function of the Board to monitor the performance of senior management is facilitated by the presence of non-employee directors who have substantive knowledge of the Company’s business.
Our Board has established a separate standing Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee operates pursuant to a written charter, a copy of which may be viewed on the Company’s website at https://www.sgblocks.com under the “Investors - Corporate Governance” tab.
Audit Committee
The members of our Audit Committee are Mr. Melton, who serves as chairperson, Mr. Safina and Ms. Coleman. The Audit Committee Charter requires that the Audit Committee consist of at least three members of the Board, each of whom is required to be independent as defined by Nasdaq and SEC rules. The Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee is independent, as defined by Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5605(a)(2). The Board has also determined that Mr. Melton is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act.
The Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of our independent registered public accounting firm. Functions of the Audit Committee include, but are not limited to, reviewing the results and scope of the audit performed, and the financial recommendations provided by, our independent registered public accounting firm and coordinating the Board’s oversight of our internal financing and accounting processes.
All audit services to be provided to the Company by our independent public accounting firm, Whitley Penn, are pre-approved by the Audit Committee prior to the initiation of such services (except for items exempt from pre-approval requirements under applicable laws and rules). The Audit Committee approved all services provided by Whitley Penn to us during 2021.
Compensation Committee
The members of our Compensation Committee are Mr. Villarreal, who serves as chairperson, Ms. Coleman and Mr. Safina. The Compensation Committee Charter requires that the Compensation Committee consist of at least two members of the Board, each of whom is required to be independent as defined by Nasdaq rules. The Board has determined that each member of the Compensation Committee is independent, as defined in Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5605(a)(2).
Functions of the Compensation Committee, include, but are not limited to: reviewing and approving, or recommending the Board approve, compensation arrangements for our executive officers, including salary and payments under the Company’s equity-based plans; reviewing compensation for non-employee directors and recommending changes to the Board; and administering our stock compensation plans. Our principal executive officer annually reviews the performance of each of the named executive officers and other officers and makes recommendations regarding the named executive officers and other officers and managers of the company, while the Compensation Committee reviews the performance of our principal executive officer. The conclusions and recommendations resulting from our principal executive officer’s review are then presented to the Compensation Committee for its consideration and approval. The Compensation Committee can exercise its discretion in modifying any of our principal executive officer’s recommendations. The Compensation Committee may delegate its authority to a subcommittee of its members.
In performing its functions, the Compensation Committee may retain or obtain the advice of such compensation consultants, legal counsel and other advisors. In September 2020, the Compensation Committee engaged Haigh & Company as its independent compensation consultant. With the assistance of Haigh & Company, the Compensation Committee developed and implemented an organizational framework covering salary, annual bonus and equity ownership, with the goal of attracting and retaining talented individuals who are critical to the Company’s long-term success and aligning pay with performance. Based on the information received from the consultant, the Compensation Committee believes that the work Haigh & Company performed in 2020 did not raise a conflict of interest and that it was fully independent. The Compensation Committee had previously engaged Haigh & Company in February 2018 as its independent compensation consultant.
Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee
The members of our Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee are Ms. Coleman, who serves as the chairperson, Mr. Melton and Mr. Villarreal. The Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee Charter requires that the Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee consist of at least two members of the Board, each of whom is required to be independent as defined by Nasdaq rules. The Board has determined that each member of the Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee is independent, as defined in Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5605(a)(2). Specific responsibilities of the Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee include: (i) considering and recommending to the Board, candidates for election to the Board; (ii) considering recommendations and proposals submitted by stockholders in respect of Board nominees, establishing policies in respect of such recommendations and proposals (including stockholder communications with the board of directors), and recommending any action to the Board in respect of such stockholder recommendations and proposals; (iii) identifying, evaluating and recommending to the board of directors, candidates to serve on committees of the Board; (iv) assessing the performance of the Board; (v) reviewing the Company’s sustainability and societal impact and (vi) reviewing risk governance structure, risk assessment and risk management practices and guidelines, policies and processes for risk assessment and risk management, including cyber security measures.
Role of the Board in Risk Oversight
Our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of risks the Company faces, while our Board has an advisory role in the Company’s risk management process, as a whole and at the committee level, and, in particular, the Board is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic and operational risk exposures, including cybersecurity risk. The Board and committees rely on the representations of management, the external audit of our financial and operating results, our systems of internal control and our historic practices when assessing the Company’s risks. The Audit Committee oversees management of financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control these exposures, and additionally provides oversight of internal controls. The Compensation Committee, in conjunction with the Audit Committee, assesses and monitors whether any of the Company’s compensation policies and programs have the potential to encourage excessive risk-taking. While each committee is responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, the entire Board is regularly informed about such risks by committee reports, as well as advice and counsel from expert advisors.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships between the directors of the Board or any of the executive officers of the Company.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10 percent of a registered class of SG Blocks, Inc. equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock. Such officers, directors and persons are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file with the SEC.
Based solely on a review of the copies of such forms that were received by us, or written representations from certain reporting persons that no Forms 5 were required for those persons, we are not aware of any failures to file reports or report transactions in a timely manner during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Our Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website at https://www.sgblocks.com under the “Investors - Corporate Governance” tab, and is available free of charge, upon request to our Corporate Secretary at SG Blocks, Inc., 5011 Gate Parkway, Building 100, Suite 100, Jacksonville, Florida 32256; telephone number: (646) 240-4235. Any substantive amendment of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and any waiver of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for executive officers or directors, will be made only after approval by the Board or a committee of the Board and will be disclosed on our website. In addition, any such waiver will be disclosed within four days on a Form 8-K filed with the SEC if then required by applicable rules and regulations.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
We are a “smaller reporting company” and the following compensation disclosure is intended to comply with the requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies. Although the rules allow us to provide less detail about its executive compensation program, the Compensation Committee is committed to providing the information necessary to help stockholders understand its executive compensation-related decisions. Accordingly, this section includes supplemental narratives that describe the 2020 executive compensation program for our named executive officers.
The following discussion and table relates to compensation arrangements on behalf of, and compensation paid by our Company to, our “named executive officers”: Paul M. Galvin, Gerald Sheeran, and William Rogers.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth all compensation awarded to, paid to or earned by the following named executive officers for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Name and Principal Position
Year
Salary
($)
Bonus
($)
Stock
Awards
($)(1)
All Other
Compensation
($)(2)
Total
($)
Paul M. Galvin,
$ 400,000 $ 100,000 $ 1,183,000 $ 40,657 $ 1,723,657
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
$ 330,945 $ - $ 1,274,096 $ 36,674 $ 1,641,715
Gerald Sheeran,
$ 191,250 $ 64,250 $ 338,000 $ 17,529 $ 611,029
Acting Chief Financial Officer and Controller
$ 157,500 $ - $ 150,030 $ 33,694 $ 341,224
William Rogers
$ 300,000 $ 75,000 $ 802,750 $ 9,903 $ 1,187,653
Chief Operating Officer
$ 20,000 $
- $ - $ 5,769 $ 25,769
(1)
On October 1, 2021, the Compensation Committee granted RSUs with a value of $1,183,000 to Mr. Galvin, $802,750 to Mr. Rogers and $338,000 to Mr. Sheeran. On April 14, 2020, the Compensation Committee granted RSUs with a value of $53,935 to Mr. Galvin and $14,280 to Mr. Sheeran. On September 23, 2020 the Compensation Committee awarded, RSUs with a value of $135,750 to Mr. Sheeran. On December 9, 2020, the Compensation Committee awarded RSUs with a value of $1,220,161 to Mr. Galvin. This column indicates the aggregate grant date fair value, as determined in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“FASB ASC Topic 718”). See “Note 19 - Share-based Compensation” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for an explanation of the assumptions made in valuing these awards.
(2) For 2021, all other compensation consisted of: Mr. Galvin - automobile allowance of $9,600, medical insurance allowance of $29,257 and phone allowance of $1,800; Mr. Sheeran - phone allowance of $1,500, automobile allowance of $1,500, $5,125 matching contributions under the Company's 401(k) plan, medical insurance allowance of $9,404; Mr. Rogers - medical insurance allowance of $8,278 and $1,625 phone allowance. For 2020, all other compensation consisted of: Mr. Galvin - automobile allowance of $10,400, medical insurance allowance of $24,474 and phone allowance of $1,800; Mr. Rogers - other allowances of $5,769 Mr. Sheeran - phone allowance of $1,500, medical insurance allowance of $7,894, other allowances of $22,500 and $1,800 matching contributions under the Company’s qualified 401(k) plan.
Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table
Following is a brief summary of each core element of the compensation program for our named executive officers.
Base Salary
We provide competitive base salaries that are intended to attract and retain key executive talent. Base salary levels depend on the executive’s position, responsibilities, experience, market factors, recruitment and retention factors, internal equity factors and our overall compensation philosophy. Effective January 1, 2017, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Galvin as described further below under “Employment Agreements.” On July 24, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved an increase to the annual base salary of Mr. Galvin, the Company’s President, retroactive to January 1, 2018. Mr. Galvin’s salary increased from $240,000 to $370,000. Such increases were based on a competitive market assessment provided by Haigh & Company, the Compensation Committee’s independent compensation consultant. On December 1, 2019, the annual base salary for Mr. Galvin decreased from $370,000 to $180,000. On April 24, 2020, the annual base salary for Mr. Galvin increased from $180,000 to $400,000.
On August 22, 2019, the Board appointed Gerald Sheeran, the former Controller of the Company, as the acting Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Effective on August 21, 2019, the annual base salary of Mr. Sheeran increased from $120,000 to $180,000 as a result of his appointment to Acting Chief Financial Officer. The annual base salary for Mr. Sheeran decreased from $180,000 to $120,000 effective December 1, 2019. On May 15, 2020, the annual base salary for Mr. Sheeran increased from $120,000 to $180,000. On September 30, 2021, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Sheeran as described further below under “Employment Agreements” pursuant to which the annual base salary for Mr. Sheeran increased from $180,000 to $225,000.
On December 7, 2020, the Company appointed William Rogers to serve as the Company’s Chief Operations Officer with an annual base salary of $300,000 per year. On September 27, 2021, we entered into an employment agreement with William Rogers as described further below under “Employment Agreements”.
Pursuant to the terms of the Rogers Employment Agreement, October 1, 2021, Mr. Rogers was issued a restricted stock grant under our Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”), of 37,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting upon issuance, and the grant to Mr. Rogers of a restricted stock grant under the Plan of 200,000 shares of our common stock, vesting monthly over two years.
Bonus Payments
No bonuses were earned by any named executive officer for 2020. Bonus were accrued in 2021 for Mr. Galvin for $100,000, Mr. Rogers for $75,000 and Mr. Sheeran for $56,250 and subsequently paid in 2022. Mr. Sheeran had a bonus of $8,000 in 2021 that was approved by management prior to Mr. Sheeran entering into the executive employment agreement.
Stock Options
In the past, we generally offered stock options to our key employees, including our named executive officers, as the long-term incentive component of our compensation program. Our stock options allow key employees to purchase shares of our Common Stock at a price per share equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, and may be intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” under the Internal Revenue Code. No stock options were granted to any named executive officer for 2021 or 2020.
Employment Agreements
The following discussion relates to compensation arrangements on behalf of, and compensation paid by the Company to, Messrs. Galvin, and Armstrong pursuant to the terms of their employment/consulting agreements with the Company.
Paul M. Galvin
We employ Mr. Galvin, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, pursuant to employment agreement, effective January 1, 2017. The employment agreement provided for an initial term of two years, with automatic renewals unless earlier terminated pursuant to the provisions of the employment agreement. The employment agreement originally provided for base compensation in the amount of $240,000 per year, which was increased to $370,000 in early 2019, but subsequently reduced to $180,000 in December 2019. The employment agreement also provides for incentive compensation at the discretion of our Board. The agreement provides for the payment of severance compensation in an amount equal to one year of his base annual salary, if his employment is terminated by the Company other than for “Cause,” as defined therein. In April 2020, we entered into an amendment to Mr. Galvin’s employment agreement, dated January 1, 2017, to extend the term of employment to December 31, 2021 and increased the annual base salary to $400,000, provide for a performance bonus structure for a bonus of up to 50% of base salary upon the Company’s achievement of $2,000,000 EBITDA and additional performance bonus payments for the achievement of EBITDA in excess of $2,000,000 based on a percentage of the incremental increase in EBITDA (ranging from 10% of the incremental increase in EBITDA if the Company achieves over $2,000,000 and up to $7,000,000 in EBITDA, 8% of the incremental increase in EBITDA if the Company achieves over $7,000,000 and up to $12,000,000 in EBITDA and 3% of the incremental increase in EBITDA over $12,000,000), provide for a profits-based additional bonus of up to $250,000 in certain limited circumstances, and provide for one (1) year severance, plus a pro-rated amount of any unpaid bonus earned by him during the year as verified by the Company’s principal financial officer, if Mr. Galvin is terminated without cause. At the Company’s option, up to fifty (50%) percent of the EBITDA performance bonuses may be paid in restricted stock units if then available for grant under the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan. All other terms of the employment agreement remain in full force and effect.
William Rogers
On September 27, 2021, we entered into an executive employment agreement with William Rogers to employ Mr. Rogers as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer for an initial term of two (2) years, which provides for an annual base salary of $300,000, a discretionary bonus of up to 25% of his base salary upon achievement of objectives as may be determined by the Company’s board of directors, term life insurance coverage equal to two (2) times annual base salary, three weeks’ vacation and severance in the event of a termination without cause in amount equal to one year’s annual base salary and benefits.
Pursuant to the terms of the Rogers Employment Agreement, October 1, 2021, Mr. Rogers was issued a restricted stock grant under our Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the "Plan"), of 37,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting upon issuance, and a restricted stock grant under the Plan of 200,000 shares of our common stock, vesting monthly over two years.
Mr. Rogers is subject to a one-year post-termination non-compete and non-solicit of employees and clients. He is also bound by confidentiality provisions.
Gerald Sheeran
On September 30, 2021, we entered into an executive employment agreement with Gerald Sheeran to employ Mr. Sheeran as the Company’s Acting Chief Financial Officer for an initial term of two (2) years, which provides for an annual base salary of $225,000, a discretionary bonus of up to 25% of his base salary upon achievement of objectives as may be determined by the Company’s board of directors, a car allowance and severance in the event of a termination without cause in amount equal to equal to one year’s annual base salary and benefits.
Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, we issued a restricted stock grant under the Plan of 100,000 shares of common stock, vesting quarterly over two (2) years.
Mr. Sheeran is subject to a one-year post-termination non-compete and non-solicit of employees and clients. He is also bound by confidentiality provisions.
RSU Grants
On October 1, 2021, the Company's Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) of the Board of Directors of SG Blocks, Inc. granted the following awards of restricted stock units (RSUs) under the Plan: (i) Paul Galvin, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, 350,000 RSUs under the Plan vesting quarterly over two years, (ii) William Rogers, the Company’s Chief Operating Officer, 37,500 RSUs under the Plan vesting upon issuance and 200,000 RSU’s under the Plan vesting monthly over two years, (iii) Gerald Sheeran, the Company’s Acting Chief Financial Officer, 100,000 RSUs under the Plan vesting quarterly over two years.
Retirement, Health, Welfare, and Additional Benefits
Our executive officers are eligible to participate in our employee benefit plans and programs, including medical benefits, flexible spending accounts, short and long-term disability and life insurance, to the same extent as our other full-time employees, subject to the terms and eligibility requirements of those plans. Our executive officers are also eligible to participate in a tax-qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan to the same extent as our other full-time employees. Currently, we do match contributions made by participants in the 401(k) plan or make other contributions to participant accounts.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth information regarding the outstanding option awards held by the named executive officers as of December 31, 2021:
Options Awards
Stock Awards
Name
Grant Date
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
Option
Expiration
Date
Number of
shares or
units of stock
that have not
vested
(#)
Market value
of shares or
units of stock
that have not
vested
($)
Paul M. Galvin
10/1/2021
-
-
-
-
306,250(9)
$ 575,750
3/22/2019
-
-
-
-
590(7)
$ 1,110
3/30/2018
4,108(5)
-
92.20
3/30/2028
-
-
3/10/2017
5,298(1)
-
$ 100.00
3/10/2027
-
-
3/10/2017
3,973(1)
-
$ 120.00
3/10/2027
-
-
1/30/2017
4,841(2)
-
$ 60.00
1/30/2027
-
-
11/01/2016
4,914(3)
-
$ 60.00
11/01/2026
-
-
11/01/2016
667(4)
-
$ 60.00
11/01/2026
-
-
William Rogers
10/1/2021
-
-
-
-
175,000(10)
$ 329,000
Gerald Sheeran
10/1/2021
-
-
-
-
87,500(9)
164,500
09/23/2020
-
-
-
-
25,000(8)
32,696
03/30/2018
1,250(6)
-
$ 92.20
3/30/2028
-
-
(1)
In connection with a public offering by the Company, completed in June 2017, Mr. Galvin was granted performance-based option awards, to vest upon the completion of certain conditions. A portion of the shares were granted at an exercise price to equal the price per share at which the public purchased shares in the offering ($100.00 per share), while the remainder were granted at an exercise price equal to 120% of such price per share ($120.00 per share). In September 2017, the Compensation Committee determined that each of Mr. Galvin met his respective performance conditions, and the option awards vested in full.
(2)
With respect to Mr. Galvin, 990 options vested on the grant date, while the remaining 3,851 vested in equal quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter following the date of grant over a two-year period. All options vested in full as of December 31, 2018.
(3)
Of these options, 2,184 vested on the grant date, while the remainder vest in three equal installments of 910 on the three anniversaries following the grant date. Such options vested in full as of November 1, 2019.
(4) Mr. Galvin received these options in connection with their service as directors of the Company. The options vested in equal quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter following the date of grant and vested in full as of September 30, 2017.
(5) These options vest in equal quarterly installments over a two year period, beginning March 31, 2018, and vested in full as of December 31, 2019.
(6) These options vest in equal quarterly installments over a three year period, beginning March 30, 2018, and vest in full as of March 31, 2021.
(7) The shares subject to these restricted stock units vest in three equal installments over a three year period, beginning December 31, 2020, and vest in full as of December 31, 2022.
(8) The shares subject to these restricted stock units vest over a two year period with 1/3 due at grant, 1/3 on the one year anniversary of the grant date and 1/3 on the two year anniversary of the grant date, beginning September 23,2020, and vest in full as of September 23, 2022.
(9) The shares subject to these restricted stock units vest in quarterly installments over a two year period, beginning October 1, 2021, and vest in full as of September 30, 2023.
(10) The shares subject to these restricted stock units vest in equal monthly installments over a two year period, beginning October 1, 2021, and vest in full as of September 30, 2023.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Compensation Program
Our director compensation program is designed to attract and retain highly qualified directors and align their interests with those of our stockholders. We compensate directors who are not employed by the Company with a combination of cash and equity awards. Mr. Galvin did not receive any compensation for serving on our Board in 2021.
The Compensation Committee reviews the director compensation program and recommends proposed changes for approval by the Board. As part of this review, the Compensation Committee considers the significant amount of time expended, and the skill level required, by each director not employed by the Company in fulfilling his or her duties on the Board, each director’s role and involvement on the Board and its committees and the market compensation practices and levels of our peer companies.
During its annual review of the director compensation program in 2020, the Compensation Committee considered an analysis prepared by its independent consultant, Haigh & Company, which summarized director compensation trends for independent directors and pay levels at the same peer companies used to evaluate the compensation of our named executive officers. Following this review, and after considering the advice of Haigh & Company about market practices and pay levels, the Compensation Committee recommended, and the Board approved, the new compensation program for non-employee directors described below, which remained in effect during 2021.
Cash Fees
The following table sets forth the cash fee schedule for compensating non-employee directors from January 2021 through December 2021:
1/21 - 12/21
Annual Board Retainer
$ 40,000
Lead Independent Director
$ 12,500
Audit Committee Chair
$ 12,500
Compensation Committee Chair
$ 12,500
Nominating, Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Committee Chair
$ 7,500
The above fees are to be paid quarterly in four equal installments, to each person serving as a non-employee director at the time when such payment is made. Non-employee directors may choose to receive the annual Board retainer as equity in restricted stock units (“RSUs”), in, effective January 15 of the year in which the annual cash retainer is otherwise earned. Among other things, each RSU granted represents the right to receive one share of Common Stock; vests one year after grant, subject to the recipient’s continued service as a director of the Company through such date; and is payable six months after the termination of the director from the Board or death or disability. Directors receive no additional per-meeting fee for Board or committee meeting attendance.
Annual Equity Awards
In addition, pursuant to the Plan, during 2021 non-employee directors received an annual grant of 11,834 RSUs (the “Equity Awards”), with a grant date value of approximately $40,000. The RSUs were issued on October 1, 2021 and vest monthly over one year from the date of grant and, if earlier, in full on the date of the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Additional Compensation
In connection with special committees that the Board may form from time to time in connection with various transactions or undertakings, the Board may award additional compensation to the directors, in its discretion, for membership on such special committees. The Board may, from time to time, grant additional merit-based cash or equity compensation to non-employee directors for extraordinary service. All directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with each Board and committee meeting attended.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION TABLE
The following table sets forth information regarding all forms of compensation that were both earned by and paid to our non-employee directors during the year ended December 31, 2021. The compensation arrangements for Mr. Galvin is disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table set forth in the “Executive Compensation” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Mr. Galvin did not receive compensation for his services as a director during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Name
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
($)
Stock
Awards(1)
All Other
Compensation
($)
Total
Yaniv Blumenfeld
$ 40,000
$ 39,999
$ -
$ 79,999
Maggie Coleman
$ 50,000
$ 39,999
$ -
$ 89,999
Christopher Melton
$ 62,500
$ 39,999
$ -
$ 102,499
Joseph Safina
$ 23,333
$ 39,999
$ -
$ 63,332
David Villarreal
$ 37,917
$ 39,999
$ -
$ 77,916
(1) This column indicates the aggregate grant date fair value, as determined in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“FASB ASC Topic 718”), of the RSUs granted in April and November 2020. See “Note 19 - Share-based Compensation” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for an explanation of the assumptions made in valuing these awards.
(2) Does not include $66,295.53 paid to a company controlled by Mr. Blumenfeld for development work related to the Company’s Lago Vista project and $75,000 in consulting fees paid to Mr. Blumenfeld’s spouse $75,000 in connection with the Company’s Covid 19 testing program.
(3) Mr. Safina and Mr. Villarreal joined the Board in May 2021.
The aggregate number of option and stock awards outstanding (including exercisable and unexercised stock options and vested and unvested RSUs) as of December 31, 2021 for each non-employee director was as follows:
Name
Option Awards
(#)
Stock Awards
(#)
Yaniv Blumenfeld
-
30,625
Maggie Coleman
-
32,754
Christopher Melton
30,625
Joseph Safina
-
11,834
David Villareal
-
11,834

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
Unless otherwise indicated the mailing address of each of the stockholders below is c/o SG Blocks, Inc., 5011 Gate Parkway, Building 100, Suite 100, Jacksonville, Florida 32256. Except as otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, except to the extent authority is shared by both spouses under applicable law, the Company believes the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock held by them.
The following table sets forth certain information, as of April 11, 2022, with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock by each of the following:
· each person who is known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding stock;
· each of our directors;
· each of our named executive officers; and
· all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
As of April 11, 2021, we had 12,006,873 shares of common stock outstanding.
We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons or entities identified in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.
Common
Shares subject to Options &
Total Number of Shares
Beneficially
Percentage
Name of Beneficial Owner(1)
Stock
RSU
Owned
Ownership
Executive Officers & Directors
Paul M. Galvin, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer(2)
6,170
496,402
502,572
%
Yaniv Blumenfeld, Director(3)
1,556
26,679
28,235
*
Christopher Melton, Director(4)
27,512
28,069
*
Maggie Coleman, Director(5)
-
28,808
28,808
*
William Rogers(6)
-
104,167
104,167
*
Gerald Sheeran, Acting Chief Financial Officer(7)
79,250
79,667
*
Joseph Safina, Director (8\)
-
7,888
7,888
*
David Villarreal, Director (9)
-
7,888
7,888
*
All Current Executive Officers and Directors, as a group (9 persons)
9,522
827,994
837,516
6.5 %
5% or Greater Stockholders
E. Bran Bagley (10)
626,500
-
626,500
5.2 %
* Less than 1% ownership interest.
(1) The number of shares and the percent beneficially owned by each entity or individual are based upon 12,006,873 shares of common stock outstanding and assume the exercise of all exercisable options and vesting of all outstanding time-based restricted stock units (including those that would be exercisable or vested within 60 days of April 11, 2022). The percent beneficially owned is a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by each entity or individual (including any exercisable options, as described herein) and the denominator of which is the number of outstanding shares of common stock plus the number of shares of common stock which would be issued upon (i) exercise by the subject entity or individual of such entity or individual’s own options and warrants and (ii) vesting of outstanding time-based restricted stock units. This method of computing the percent beneficially owned results in the aggregate ownership percentages of all owners exceeding 100%.
(2) Includes 5,663 shares of common stock held directly by Mr. Galvin and 507 shares held by TAG Partners, LLC (“TAG”), an investment partnership formed for the purpose of investing in the Company. Mr. Galvin is a managing member of and has a controlling interest in TAG and may be deemed to beneficially own the share of common stock held by TAG, over which he has shared voting and dispositive power. Mr. Galvin disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock held by TAG except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. Also includes 23,800 options to purchase our common shares presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 11, 2022. Includes 472,602 in vested RSUs and does not include 263,090 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(3) Includes 1,556 shares of common stock directly held by Mr. Blumenfeld. Includes 26,679 in vested RSUs and does not include 3,946 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(4) Includes 20 shares of common stock held in Mr. Melton’s retirement account, which Mr. Melton indirectly owns, and 537 shares of common stock held directly by Mr. Melton. Includes 833 options held by Mr. Melton to purchase our common stock presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 11, 2022. Includes 26,679 in vested RSUs and does not include 3,946 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(5) Includes 28,808 in vested RSUs and does not include 3,946 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(6)
Includes 104,167 in vested RSUs and does not include 133,333 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(7) Includes 417 shares of common stock held by Mr. Sheeran. Also includes 1,250 options to purchase common stock presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 11, 2022. Includes 78,000 in vested RSUs and does not include 100,000 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(8) Includes 7,888 in vested RSUs and does not include 3,946 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(9) Includes 7,888 in vested RSUs and does not include 3,946 unvested RSUs that will not vest within 60 days of April 11, 2022.
(10)
Share ownership information is based on information contained in a Schedule 13G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 29, 2021 by E. Bryan Bagley. E. Bryan Bagley has sole voting and dispositive power with regard to 316,500 shares of our common stock and shares voting and shares dispositive power with respect to 310,000 shares of our common stock. The principal business address for, E..Bryan Bagley is 1470 Arlington Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84103.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
See Part I, Item 5 - Equity Compensation Plan Information for certain information regarding our equity compensation plans.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
Related Party Transactions
The following is a summary of transactions since January 1, 2020 to which we have been a party in which the amount involved exceeded $120,000 and in which any of our executive officers, directors or beneficial holders of more than five percent of our capital stock had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements and equity awards granted to our executive officers and directors during 2020 and 2021 that are described under the sections of this proxy statement entitled “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation”.
On January 21, 2020, CPF GP 2019-1 LLC (“CPF GP”) issued to the Company a promissory note in the principal amount of $400,000 (the “Company Note”) and issued to Paul Galvin, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, a promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 (the “Galvin Note”). The transaction closed on January 22, 2019, on which date the Company loaned CPF GP 2019-1 LLC $400,000 and Mr. Galvin personally loaned CPF GP $100,000 on behalf of the Company.
The Company Note and Galvin Note were issued pursuant to the Loan Agreement and Promissory Note, dated October 3, 2019, as amended on October 15, 2019 and November 7, 2019 by and between the CPF GP and the Company, and bear interest at five percent (5%) per annum, payable, together with the unpaid principal amount of the promissory notes, on the earlier of the July 31, 2023 maturity date or upon the liquidation, redemption sale or issuance of a dividend upon the LLC interests in CPF MF 2019-1 LLC, a Texas limited liability company of which CPF GP is the general partner. The terms of the Galvin Note, however, provide that all interest payments due to Mr. Galvin under the Galvin Note shall be paid directly to, and for the benefit of, the Company. In connection with the issuance of the Company Note and the Galvin Note, CPF GP, the Company and Mr. Galvin entered into a Security Agreement, dated January 21, 2020, pursuant to which CPF GP granted a security interest in its LLC interests in CPF MF 2019-1 LLC to the Company and Mr. Galvin to secure its obligations thereunder. Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2021, the Galvin Note was assigned to the Company and the principal amount of $100,000 was returned to Mr. Galvin. The Company has a promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 and the assignment of the promissory note occurred in January 2022.
On January 31, 2020, Mahesh Shetty, the Company’s former President and Chief Financial Officer (“Former Employee”), filed suit against the Company and its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Paul Galvin, claiming (i) $372,638 in unpaid wages and bonuses and (ii) $300,000 due in severance (hereafter the “Action”). On March 25, 2020, the Former Employee filed an amended complaint raising additional claims of retaliation under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. §201 et. seq. (“FLSA”), and contractual indemnification. On April 27, 2020, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the Action. The Company asserted that the Former Employee agreed to accept (and did receive) restricted stock units of the Company’s common stock in full satisfaction and payment of all alleged unpaid wages and bonuses that are claimed in the Action, and/or has otherwise been paid in full for all amounts claimed. The Company further maintained that the Former Employee’s employment agreement precludes any entitlement to or liability for severance. On June 15, 2020, the Court entered a decision granting in part and denying in part the Company’s motion to dismiss. Specifically, the Court dismissed the Former Employee’s claim (i) for severance (in the amount of $300,000) and unpaid wages pursuant to the FLSA, but denied dismissal of the Former Employee’s claims for retaliation under the FLSA or unpaid wages allegedly due under the New York Labor Law.
On or about September 14, 2021, the Company and Former Employee entered into a settlement and release agreement resolving their respective claims. On September 14, 2021, the parties filed a joint motion seeking court approval of the settlement. The motion to approve the settlement remains pending before the court.
During 2021, the Company paid a company controlled by Yaniv Blumenfeld $66,296 for development work related to the Company’s Lago Vista project and paid Mr. Blumenfeld’s spouse $75,642 in consulting fees in connection with the Company’s COVID-19 testing program.
Related Party Review Procedures
Pursuant to our Audit Committee charter, our Audit Committee reviews on an on-going basis our policies and procedures for reviewing and approving or ratifying all “Related Party Transactions” (defined as transactions required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K), including the Company’s Related Person Transaction Policy, and recommend any changes to the Board. In accordance with our Related Person Transaction Policy and Nasdaq Rule 4350 (h), the Audit Committee conducts appropriate review and oversight of all related person transactions for potential conflict of interest situations on an ongoing basis. Any transaction with a related person is subject to our written policy for transactions with related persons. Pursuant to such policy, our Audit Committee reviews in advance all related person transactions. The Audit Committee approves only those related person transactions that are determined to be in, or not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, taking into account all available facts and circumstances as the Audit Committee determines in good faith to be necessary. These facts and circumstances will typically include, but not be limited to: whether the transaction was undertaken in the ordinary course of business of the Company; the purpose and potential benefits of the transaction to the Company; the terms of the transaction and of comparable transactions that would be available to unrelated third parties or to employees generally; and the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person is a director, an immediate family member of a director or an entity in which a director is a partner, stockholder or executive officer. In reviewing and approving such transactions, the Audit Committee obtains, or will direct management to obtain on its behalf, all information that the Audit Committee believes to be relevant and important to a review of the transaction prior to its approval. The Audit Committee may adopt any further policies and procedures relating to the approval of related person transactions that it deems necessary or advisable from time to time.
Director Independence
The information included under the heading “Director Independence” in Part III, Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference into this Item 13.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
Whitley Penn LLP serves as our independent registered public accounting firm.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees for professional service rendered by Whitley Penn for each of the last two fiscal years:
Audit fees(1) $ 225,000
$ 199,500
Audit-related fees(2)
-
-
Tax fees(3)
-
-
All other fees(4)
-
-
Totals $ 225,000
$ 199,500
(1) Audit fees include fees paid to Whitley Penn for professional services rendered for the audit for our annual financial statements and reviews of the financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and fees related to securities registration statements and related comfort letter procedures.
(2) Audit-related fees principally involve other assurance and related services.
(3) Tax services include tax compliance and tax planning consulting services. No tax services were performed for us by Whitley Penn in 2021 or 2020.
(4) No other services were performed for us by Whitley Penn in 2021 or 2020.
The Audit Committee has implemented pre-approval procedures consistent with the rules adopted by the SEC. All audit services to be provided to the Company by our independent public accounting firm, Whitley Penn, are pre-approved by the Audit Committee prior to the initiation of such services (except for items exempt from pre-approval requirements under applicable laws and rules). The Audit Committee has determined that the provision of the services by Whitley Penn reported hereunder had no impact on its independence.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a)(1) INDEX TO 2021 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
Our financial statements and the notes thereto, together with the report thereon of Whitley Penn LLP, our registered public accounting firm, dated April 15, 2022, appear beginning on page of this Annual Report. See Table of Contents of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.
(a)(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not material or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(a)(3) EXHIBITS
The information required by this Item is listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index below.