EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 4457
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 4457_10-K_2023_0000004457-23-000052.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Company Overview
We are North America’s largest “do-it-yourself” moving and storage operator through our subsidiary U-Haul International, Inc. (“U-Haul”). U-Haul is synonymous with “do-it-yourself” moving and storage and is a leader in supplying products and services to help people move and store their household and commercial goods. Our primary service objective is to “provide a better and better product and service to more and more people at a lower and lower cost.” Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “U-Haul Holding Company,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to U-Haul Holding Company, a Nevada corporation, and all of its legal subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis.
We were founded in 1945 as a sole proprietorship under the name "U-Haul Trailer Rental Company" and have rented trailers ever since. Starting in 1959, we rented trucks on a one-way and in-town basis exclusively through independent U-Haul ® dealers. In 1973, we began developing our network of U-Haul ® managed retail stores, through which we rent our trucks and trailers, self-storage units and portable moving and storage units and sell moving and self-storage products and services to complement our independent dealer network.
We rent our distinctive orange and white U-Haul ® trucks and trailers as well as offer self-storage units through a network of over 2,200 Company-operated retail moving stores and nearly 21,300 independent U-Haul ® dealers. We also sell U-Haul ® brand boxes, tape and other moving and self-storage products and services to “do-it-yourself” moving and storage customers at all of our distribution outlets and through our uhaul.com ® website and mobile app.
We believe U-Haul ® is the most convenient supplier of products and services addressing the needs of the United States and Canada’s “do-it-yourself” moving and storage markets. Our broad geographic coverage throughout the United States and Canada and our extensive selection of U-Haul ® brand moving equipment rentals, self-storage units, portable moving and storage units and related moving and storage products and services provide our customers with convenient “one-stop” shopping.
Since 1945, U-Haul ® has incorporated sustainable practices into its everyday operations. We believe that our basic business premise of equipment sharing helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduces the inventory of total large capacity vehicles. We continue to look for ways to reduce waste within our business and are dedicated to manufacturing reusable components and recyclable products. We believe that our commitment to sustainability, through our products and services and everyday operations has helped us to reduce our impact on the environment.
Through Repwest Insurance Company (“Repwest”) and ARCOA Risk Retention Group ("ARCOA"), our property and casualty insurance subsidiaries, we manage the property, liability and related insurance claims processing for U-Haul ® . Oxford Life Insurance Company (“Oxford”), our life insurance subsidiary, sells life insurance, Medicare supplement insurance, annuities and other related products to the senior market.
Available Information
U-Haul Holding CompanySM and U-Haul® are each incorporated in Nevada. The internet address for U-Haul is uhaul.com. On U-Haul Holding Company’s investor relations website, investors.uhaul.com, we post the following filings as soon as practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”): our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements related to meetings of our stockholders, and any amendments to those reports or statements filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We also use our investor relations website as a means of disclosing material information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. All such filings on our website are available free of charge. Additionally, you will find these materials on the SEC’s website at sec.gov.
Products and Rental Equipment
Our customers are primarily “do-it-yourself” household movers. U-Haul ® moving equipment is specifically designed, engineered and manufactured for the “do-it-yourself” household mover. These “do-it-yourself” movers include individuals and families moving their belongings from one home to another, college students moving their belongings, vacationers and sports enthusiasts needing extra space or having special towing needs, people trying to save on home furniture and home appliance delivery costs, and “do-it-yourself” home remodeling and gardening enthusiasts who need to transport materials.
As of March 31, 2023, our rental fleet consisted of approximately 192,200 trucks, 138,500 trailers and 44,500 towing devices. This equipment and our U-Haul ® brand of self-moving products and services are available through our network of managed retail moving stores and independent U-Haul dealers. Independent U-Haul ® dealers receive rental equipment from the Company, act as rental agents and are paid a commission based on gross revenues generated from their U-Haul ® rentals.
Our rental truck chassis are engineered by domestic truck manufacturers. These chassis are joined with the U-Haul ® designed and manufactured van boxes primarily at U-Haul ® operated manufacturing and assembly facilities strategically located throughout the United States. U-Haul ® rental trucks feature our proprietary Lowest Deck SM , which provides our customers with extra ease of loading. The loading ramps on our trucks are the widest in the industry, which reduces the effort needed to move belongings. Our trucks are fitted with convenient rub rails with tie downs on every interior wall. Our Gentle Ride Suspension SM helps our customers safely move delicate and prized possessions. Also, the engineers at our U-Haul Technical Center determined that the softest ride in our trucks was at the front of the van box. Consequently, we designed the part of the van box that hangs over the front cab of the truck to be the location for our customers to place their most fragile items during their move. We call this area Mom’s Attic ® .
Our distinctive trailers are also manufactured at these same U-Haul ® operated manufacturing and assembly facilities. These trailers are well suited to the low profile of many of today’s newly manufactured automobiles including electric vehicles. Our engineering staff is committed to making our trailers easy to tow, safe, aerodynamic and fuel efficient.
To provide our self-move customers with added value, our rental trucks and trailers are designed with fuel efficiency in mind. Many of our trucks are equipped with fuel economy gauges, another tool that assists our customers in conserving fuel. To help make our rental equipment more reliable, we routinely perform extensive preventive maintenance and repairs.
We also provide customers with equipment to transport their vehicles. We provide two towing options: auto transport, in which all four wheels are off the ground, and a tow dolly, in which the front wheels of the towed vehicle are off the ground.
To help our customers load their boxes and larger household appliances and furniture, we offer several accessory rental items. Our utility dolly has a lightweight design and is easy to maneuver. Another rental accessory is our four wheel dolly, which provides a large, flat surface for moving dressers, wall units, pianos and other large household items. U-Haul ® appliance dollies provide the leverage needed to move refrigerators, freezers, washers and dryers easily and safely. These utility, furniture and appliance dollies, along with the low decks and the wide loading ramps on U-Haul ® trucks and trailers, are designed for easy loading and unloading of our customers’ belongings.
The total package U-Haul ® offers to the “do-it-yourself” household mover doesn’t end with trucks, trailers and accessory rental items. Our moving supplies include a wide array of affordably priced U-Haul ® brand boxes, tape and packing materials. We also provide specialty boxes for dishes, computers, flat screen television and sensitive electronic equipment, as well as tape, security locks, and packing supplies. U-Haul ® brand boxes are specifically sized to make loading easier.
We estimate that U-Haul ® is North America’s largest seller and installer of hitches and towing systems. In addition to towing U-Haul ® equipment, these hitching and towing systems can tow jet skis, motorcycles, boats, campers and toy haulers. Each year, millions of customers visit our locations for expertise on complete towing systems, trailer rentals and the latest in towing accessories.
U-Haul® has one of North America’s largest propane refilling networks, with nearly 1,200 locations providing this convenient service. We employ trained, certified personnel to refill propane cylinders and alternative fuel vehicles. Our network of propane dispensing locations is one of the largest automobile alternative refueling networks in North America.
Our self-storage business was a natural outgrowth of our self-moving operations. Conveniently located U-Haul ® self-storage rental facilities provide clean, dry and secure space for storage of household and commercial goods. Storage units range in size from 6 square feet to over 1,000 square feet. As of March 31, 2023, we operate 1,904 self-storage locations in the United States and Canada, with nearly 949,000 rentable storage units comprising 81.2 million square feet of rentable storage space. Our self-storage centers feature a wide array of security measures, ranging from electronic property access control gates to individually alarmed storage units. At many centers, we offer climate-controlled storage units to protect temperature sensitive goods.
Another extension of our strategy to make “do-it-yourself” moving and storage easier is our U-Box ® program.
A U-Box ® portable moving and storage unit is delivered to a location of our customer’s choosing either by the customers themselves through the use of a U-Box ® trailer, with the assistance of our Moving Help ® program, or by Company personnel. Once the U-Box ® portable moving and storage unit is filled, it can be stored at the customer’s location, or taken to one of our Company operated locations, a participating independent dealer, or moved to a location of the customer’s choice.
Additionally, we offer moving and storage protection packages such as Safemove ® and Safetow ® . These programs provide moving and towing customers with a damage waiver, cargo protection and medical and life insurance coverage. Safestor ® provides protection for storage customers from loss on their goods in storage. Safestor Mobile ® provides protection for customers’ stored belongings when using our U-Box ® portable moving and storage units. For our customers who desire additional coverage over and above the standard Safemove ® protection, we also offer our Safemove Plus ® product. This package provides the rental customer with a layer of primary liability protection.
We believe that through our website, uhaul.com, and the U-Haul ® app, we have aggregated the largest network of customers and independent businesses in the self-moving and self-storage industry. In particular, our Moving Help ® program connects “do-it-yourself” movers with thousands of independent service providers in the United States and Canada to assist our customers in packing, loading, unloading, cleaning and performing other services.
Through the U-Haul Storage Affiliates ® program, independent storage businesses can join one of the world’s largest self-storage reservation systems. Self-storage customers making a reservation through uhaul.com ® or the U-Haul app can access all of the U-Haul ® self-storage centers and all of our independent storage affiliate partners for even greater convenience to meet their self-storage needs. For the independent storage operator, our network gives them access to products and services allowing them to compete with larger operators more cost effectively.
We own numerous trademarks and service marks that contribute to the identity and recognition of our Company and its products and services. Certain of these marks are integral to the conduct of our business, a loss of any of which could have a material adverse affect on our business. We consider the trademark “U-Haul ® ” to be of material importance to our business in addition, but not limited to, the U.S. trademarks and service marks “AMERCO ® ”, “U-Haul Holding Company SM ”, “eMove ® ”, “Gentle Ride Suspension SM ”, “In-Town ® ”, “Lowest Decks SM ”, “Moving made Easier ® ”, “Make Moving Easier ® ”, “Mom’s Attic ® ”, “Moving Help ® ”, “Moving Helper ® ”, “Safemove ® ”, “Safemove Plus ® ”, “Safestor ® ”, “Safestor Mobile ® ”, “Safetow ® ”,
“U-Box ® ”, “uhaul.com ® ”, “U-Haul Investors Club ® ”, “U-Haul Truck Share ® ”, “U-Haul Truck Share 24/7 ® “, “U-Note ® ”, “WebSelfStorage ® ”, and “U-Haul SmartMobilityCenter ®” , among others, for use in connection with the moving and storage business.
Description of Operating Segments
U-Haul Holding Company’s three reportable segments are:
Moving and Storage, comprised of U-Haul Holding Company SM , U-Haul ® , and Amerco Real Estate Company (“Real Estate”), and the subsidiaries of U-Haul ® and Real Estate,
Property and Casualty Insurance, comprised of Repwest and its subsidiaries and ARCOA, and
Life Insurance, comprised of Oxford and its subsidiaries.
Financial information for each of our operating segments is included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as part of Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Moving and Storage Operating Segment
Our Moving and Storage operating segment (“Moving and Storage”) consists of the rental of trucks, trailers, portable moving and storage units, specialty rental items and self-storage spaces primarily to the household mover as well as sales of moving supplies, towing accessories and propane. Operations are conducted under the registered trade name U-Haul ® throughout the United States and Canada.
Net revenue from Moving and Storage was approximately 94.9%, 94.0% and 93.1% of consolidated net revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The total number of rental trucks in the fleet increased from fiscal 2023. However, continuing supply issues with our equipment manufacturers have slowed the number of new trucks we have been able to acquire this last year. In response, we slowed the sale of trucks from our existing fleet.
Within our truck and trailer rental operation, we are focused on expanding our independent dealer network to provide added convenience for our customers. U-Haul ® maximizes vehicle utilization by managing distribution of the truck and trailer fleets among the over 2,200 Company-operated stores and nearly 21,300 independent dealers. Utilizing its proprietary reservations management system, our centers and dealers electronically report their inventory in real-time, which facilitates matching equipment to customer demand. Over half of all U-Move ® rental revenue originated from our Company operated centers.
At our owned and operated retail stores, we are implementing new initiatives to improve customer service. These initiatives include expanding the capabilities of our U-Haul ® app, improving management of our rental equipment to provide our retail centers with the right type of rental equipment, at the right time and at the most convenient location for our customers, effectively marketing our broad line of self-moving related products and services, expanding accessibility to provide more convenience to our customers, and enhancing our ability to properly staff locations during our peak hours of operations by attracting and retaining “moonlighters” (part-time U-Haul ® system members with full-time jobs elsewhere) during our peak hours of operation. U-Haul offers U-Haul Truck Share 24/7 ® to our entire network in the United States and Canada. This technological advancement allows our customers to rent equipment through a mobile device any time of the day without having to visit the counter. U-Haul currently has several U.S. and Canadian Patents granted or pending on its U-Haul Truck Share 24/7 ® system.
Our self-moving related products and services, such as boxes, pads and insurance, help our customers have a better moving experience and help them to protect their belongings from potential damage during the moving process. We are committed to providing a complete line of products selected with the “do-it-yourself” moving and storage customer in mind.
Our self-storage business operations consist of the rental of
self-storage units, portable moving and storage units, sales of self-storage related products, the facilitation of sales of services, and the management of self-storage facilities owned by others.
U-Haul ®
is one of the largest North American operators of self-storage and has been a leader in the self-storage industry since 1974. U-Haul ®
operates nearly 949,000 rentable storage units, comprising 81.2 million square feet of rentable storage space with locations in 50 states and 10 Canadian provinces. Our owned and managed self-storage facility locations range in size up to 309,000 square feet of storage space, with individual storage units in sizes ranging from 6 square feet to over 1,000 square feet.
The primary market for storage units is the storage of household goods. We believe that our self-storage services provide a competitive advantage through such things as Max Security, an electronic system that monitors the storage facility 24 hours a day, climate control in select units, individually alarmed units, extended hours access, interior load and unload at selected locations, mobile device enabled rentals and an internet-based customer reservation and account management system.
Moving Help® and U-Haul Storage Affiliates® on uhaul.com are online marketplaces that connect consumers to independent Moving Help® service providers and thousands of independent Self-Storage Affiliates. Our network of customer-rated Moving Help® and storage affiliates provide pack and load help, cleaning help, self-storage and similar services all over the United States and Canada. Our goal is to further utilize our web-based technology platform, including our U-Haul® app, to increase service to consumers and businesses in the moving and storage market.
Compliance with environmental requirements of federal, state, provincial and local governments affects our business. Our truck and trailer rental business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, provincial and local regulations in the United States and Canada. Specifically, the U.S. Department of Transportation and various state, federal and Canadian agencies exercise broad powers over our motor carrier operations, safety, and the generation, handling, storage, treatment and disposal of waste materials. In addition, our storage business is also subject to federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. Environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and could become more stringent in the future.
Moving and Storage business is seasonal and our results of operations and cash flows fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. Historically, revenues have been stronger in the first and second fiscal quarters due to the overall increase in moving activity during the spring and summer months. The fourth fiscal quarter is generally our weakest.
Property and Casualty Insurance Operating Segment
Our Property and Casualty Insurance operating segment (“Property and Casualty Insurance”) provides loss adjusting and claims handling for U-Haul through regional offices across the United States and Canada. Property and Casualty Insurance also underwrites components of the Safemove ® , Safetow ® , Safemove Plus ® , Safestor Mobile ® and Safestor ® protection packages to U-Haul customers. We attempt to price our products to be a good value to our customers. The business plan for Property and Casualty Insurance includes offering property and casualty products in other U-Haul related programs.
Net revenue from Property and Casualty Insurance was approximately 1.7%, 1.9% and 1.9% of consolidated net revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Life Insurance Operating Segment
Life Insurance provides life and health insurance products primarily to the senior market through the direct writing and reinsuring of life insurance, Medicare supplement and annuity policies.
Net revenue from Life Insurance was approximately 3.4%, 4.1% and 5.0% of consolidated net revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Human Capital
We work at never forgetting that our quality self-move, self-storage, and closely related services and products are meant to improve human lives and serve the do-it-yourself moving public.
We believe our workforce is a reflection of, and as diverse as the customers we serve.
Discrimination based on race, gender, religion, age, ethnicity, disability familial status or any other form of discrimination prohibited by applicable law in the acquisition, promotion, compensation, management or retention of talent is not accepted.
We do not use a single or fixed set of measures or objectives as part of our recruitment and talent acquisition process or human resource management.
System Members
As of March 31, 2023, we employed approximately 33,100 people in the United States and approximately 2,000 in Canada with approximately 99% of these system members working within Moving and Storage and approximately 51% of these system members working on a full-time basis.
The Company operates over 2,200 retail locations, 11 manufacturing and assembly facilities, 151 fixed-site repair facilities, a distribution center and our corporate offices.
We hire system members from the communities in which we are located and prefer to promote from within our team.
Benefits
We focus on our system members’ wellness over the course of their life, from physical and emotional to financial.
Our health benefit program provides medical, dental and vision benefits. Participation in the health benefit program also includes access to our Healthier You wellness program that offers system members tools to enable them to live a healthier lifestyle. This wellness program encompasses nutritional guidance, smoking cessation and fitness alternatives. We also make available a system members assistance program focusing on mental health called You Matter, which offers counseling, work-life solutions and legal guidance.
We encourage a work-life balance for our system members and their families through paid time off and various leave options as well as special benefits including a healthy pregnancy program and a 24/7 doctor-on-call program for their children.
Financial benefits are a critical component of our system members’ wellness.
These benefits include competitive salaries, participation in our Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) and 401(k) plan, life and disability insurance, health savings accounts, and the SmartDollar ® financial literacy program.
Education and Development
The Company encourages life-long personal and professional development for our system members.
We do this by offering our system members and our independent dealers free access to our on-line U-Haul University courses that are critical for the development of specialized industry knowledge and to the safety of our team.
To support more generalized education for our system members, we also provide a tuition reimbursement program.
Community
We value our relationship with the communities in which we do business. We offer community outreach through volunteer opportunities for our system members, as well as in-kind donations of equipment, products, and services. We are a strong supporter of military members and their families by way of employment opportunities as well as partnering with military and veteran organizations to support and honor those who have served.
Sales and Marketing
We promote U-Haul ® brand awareness through direct and co-marketing arrangements. Our direct marketing activities consist of web-based initiatives, print and social media as well as trade events, movie and television cameos of our rental fleet and boxes, television commercials, and industry and consumer communications. We believe that our rental equipment is our best form of advertisement. We support our independent U-Haul ® dealers through marketing U-Haul ® moving and self-storage rentals, products and services.
Our marketing plan focuses on maintaining our leadership position in the “do-it-yourself” moving and storage industry by continually improving the ease of use and economy of our rental equipment, by providing added convenience to our retail centers, through independent U-Haul dealers, and by expanding the capabilities of our U-Haul ® websites and U-Haul ® app.
A significant driver of rental transaction volume is our utilization of an online reservation and sales system, through uhaul.com ® and our 24-hour 1-800-GO-U-HAUL telephone reservations system. These points of contact are prominently featured and are a major driver of customer lead sources.
Competition
Moving and Storage Operating Segment
The truck rental industry is highly competitive and includes a number of significant national, regional and local competitors. Generally speaking, we consider there to be two distinct users of rental trucks: commercial and “do-it-yourself” residential users. We primarily focus on the “do-it-yourself” residential user. Within this segment, we believe the principal competitive factors are convenience of rental locations, availability of quality rental moving equipment, breadth of essential products and services, and total cost to the user. Our major national competitors in both the in-town and one-way moving equipment rental market include Avis Budget Group, Inc. and Penske Truck Leasing. We have numerous competitors throughout the United States and Canada who compete with us in the in-town market.
The self-storage market is large and fragmented. We believe the principal competitive factors in this industry are convenience of storage rental locations, cleanliness, security and price. Our largest competitors in the self-storage market are Public Storage Inc., CubeSmart, Extra Space Storage, Inc., and Life Storage, Inc.
Insurance Operating Segments
The insurance industry is highly competitive. In addition, the marketplace includes financial services firms offering both insurance and financial products. Some of the insurance companies are owned by stockholders and others are owned by policyholders. Many competitors have been in business for a longer period of time or possess substantially greater financial resources and broader product portfolios than our insurance companies. We compete in the insurance business based upon price, product design, and services rendered to agents and policyholders.
Financial Data of Segment and Geographic Areas
For financial data of our segments and geographic areas please see Note 22, Financial Information by Geographic Area, and Note 22A, Consolidating Financial Information by Industry Segment, of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”), contains “forward-looking statements” regarding future events and our future results of operations. We may make additional written or oral forward-looking statements from time to time in filings with the SEC or otherwise. We believe such forward-looking statements are within the meaning of the safe-harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Such statements may include, but are not limited to, the risk associated with COVID-19 or similar events on system members or customers; the impact of the economic environment on demand for our products and the cost and availability of debt and capital; estimates of capital expenditures; plans for future operations, products or services, financing needs, and strategies; our perceptions of our legal positions and anticipated outcomes of government investigations and pending litigation against us; liquidity and the availability of financial resources to meet our needs, goals and strategies; plans for new business, storage occupancy, growth rate assumptions, pricing, costs, and access to capital and leasing markets; the impact of our compliance with environmental laws and cleanup costs; our beliefs regarding our sustainability practices; our used vehicle disposition strategy; the sources and availability of funds for our rental equipment and self-storage expansion and replacement strategies and plans; our plan to expand our U-Haul ® storage affiliate program; that additional leverage can be supported by our operations and business; the availability of alternative vehicle manufacturers; the availability and economics of electric vehicles for our rental fleet; our estimates of the residual values of our equipment fleet; our plans with respect to off-balance sheet arrangements; our plans to continue to invest in the U-Box ® program; the impact of interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate changes on our operations; the sufficiency of our capital resources; the sufficiency of capital of our insurance subsidiaries; inflationary pressures that may challenge our ability to maintain or improve upon our operating margin; and expectations regarding the potential impact to our information technology infrastructure and on our financial performance and business operations of technology, cybersecurity or data security breaches, including any related costs, fines or lawsuits, and our ability to continue ongoing operations and safeguard the integrity of our information technology infrastructure, data, and employee, customer and vendor information, as well as assumptions relating to the foregoing. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “estimate,” “project” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement was made.
Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Factors that could significantly affect results include, without limitation, the risk factors enumerated below under the heading “Risk Factors” and other factors described in this Annual Report or the other documents we file with the SEC. These factors, the following disclosures, as well as other statements in this Annual Report and in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, could contribute to or cause such risks or uncertainties, or could cause our stock price to fluctuate dramatically. Consequently, the forward-looking statements should not be regarded as representations or warranties by us that such matters will be realized. We assume no obligation to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements, whether in response to new information, unforeseen events, changed circumstances or otherwise, except as required by law.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following important risk factors, and those risk factors described elsewhere in this Annual Report or in our other filings with the SEC, could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. We also refer you to the factors and cautionary language set forth in the section entitled “Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” above. All of the other information set forth in this Annual Report, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) and the consolidated financial statements and related notes, should be read in conjunction with the discussion of such risks, cautionary statements and other factors for a full understanding of our operations and financial conditions. Although the risks are organized by headings, and each risk is discussed separately, many are interrelated. The following risks are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
Risks Related to our Business and Operations
Our fleet rotation program can be adversely affected by financial market conditions.
To meet the needs of our customers, U-Haul maintains a large fleet of rental equipment. Our rental truck fleet rotation program is funded internally through operations and externally from debt and lease financing. Our ability to fund our routine fleet rotation program could be adversely affected if financial market conditions limit the general availability of external financing. This could lead us to operate trucks longer than initially planned and/or reduce the size of the fleet, either of which could materially and negatively affect our results of operations.
Another important aspect of our fleet rotation program is the sale of used rental equipment. The sale of used equipment provides us with funds that can be used to purchase new equipment. Conditions may arise that could lead to the decrease in demand and/or resale values for our used equipment. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, which could result in substantial losses on the sale of equipment and decreases in cash flows from the sales of equipment.
We obtain our rental trucks from a limited number of manufacturers.
Over the last twenty years, we have purchased the majority of our rental trucks from Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation. Our fleet can be negatively affected by issues our manufacturers may face within their own supply chains. Also, it is possible that our suppliers may face financial difficulties, government regulations or organizational changes which could negatively impact their ability to accept future orders from U-Haul or fulfill existing orders.
In addition, the cost of acquiring new rental trucks could increase materially and negatively affect our ability to rotate new equipment into the fleet. Although we believe that we could contract with alternative manufacturers for our rental trucks, we cannot guarantee or predict how long that would take. In addition, termination of our existing relationship with these suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations for an indefinite period of time.
A significant portion of our revenues are generated through third-parties.
Our business plan relies upon a network of independent dealers strategically located throughout the United States and Canada.
As of March 31, 2023 we had nearly 21,300 independent equipment rental dealers.
In fiscal 2023, just under half of all U-Move ® rental revenue originated through this network.
Our inability to maintain this network or its current cost structure could inhibit our ability to adequately serve our customers and could negatively affect our results of operations and financial position.
The introduction or expansion of laws or regulations favoring electric, autonomous, connected and shared vehicles may negatively impact our business and results of operations.
Regulatory pressure in connection with the introduction and expansion of electric, autonomous and connected rental vehicles could negatively impact our ability to acquire, or our cost of acquisition for rental trucks and require infrastructure improvements that could inhibit our current business model. Our Company-operated locations and independent dealer network may require physical upgrades to accommodate these types of vehicles that are uneconomical and/or unachievable. Our one-way rental business would depend on an in-transit recharging network throughout the United States and Canada that simply does not exist today, and that, if and when completed, may be so costly or require so much charging time as to substantially limit our ability to serve customers needing to move long distances.
We cooperate with original equipment manufacturers (“OEM“s), maintain and train our own technical experts and operate an equipment Technical Center that has positioned us as an industry leader in innovation for over fifty years.
However, the proposed changes to electric, autonomous and connected vehicles raises challenges of enormous scale.
Our repair and maintenance infrastructures, including both physical plants as well as personnel, may be inappropriate for these new types of vehicles.
Without such repair and maintenance capabilities it could compromise our ability to operate a fleet of such vehicles.
We may also need to depend upon third party providers for some of those services, and they may not be able to provide workable solutions. There is a risk that we may not be able to adequately prepare for these possibilities. In addition, even if we successfully adapt to any such changes, there can be no guarantee that our fleet or services as adapted would meet the needs of our “do-it-yourself“ moving and storage customers, or that we would be able to offer our products and services at prices our customers would be willing or able to pay.
The growing insistence that the future of the economy will be based on an all-electric solution instead of a hybrid version or other alternative fuels may create an infrastructure in which personal interstate travel will be uneconomical or severely regulated.
This would impact the moving business.
There may be areas of North America where a charging grid with adequate capacity for our customers may not exist.
U-Haul has already made significant progress on several initiatives aimed at these future possibilities including: TruckShare 24/7 ® , contactless rentals, a North American propane alternative fuel network, alternative fuel test vehicles and close OEM working relationships. However, these initiatives may not enable us to successfully adapt to the requirements of a changed regulatory environment favoring or requiring all-electric or specific alternative fuel solutions. Government regulators may knowingly or unknowingly choose the winners and losers in this evolving transportation environment.
There remains a possibility that governments may not select U-Haul customers and U-Haul to be among the winners.
We face liability risks associated with the operation of our rental fleet, sales of our products and operation of our locations.
The business of renting moving and storage equipment to customers exposes us to liability claims including property damage, personal injury and even death. Likewise, the operation of our moving and storage centers along with the sale of our related moving supplies, towing accessories and installation, and refilling of propane tanks may subject us to liability claims.
We seek to limit the occurrence of such events through the design of our equipment, communication of its proper use, exhaustive repair and maintenance schedules, extensive training of our personnel, proactive risk management assessments and by providing our customers with online resources for the proper use of products and services.
Regardless, accidents still occur and we manage the financial risk of these events through third party insurance carriers. While these excess loss and property insurance policies are available today at reasonable costs, this could change and could negatively affect our results of operations and financial position.
We are highly dependent upon our automated systems and the Internet for managing our business.
Our information systems are largely Internet-based, including our point-of-sale reservation system, payment processing and telephone systems.
While our reliance on this technology lowers our cost of providing service and expands our abilities to better serve customers, it exposes us to various risks including natural and man-made disasters, terrorist attacks and cyber-attacks.
We have put into place extensive security protocols, backup systems and alternative procedures to mitigate these risks.
However, disruptions or breaches, detected or undetected by us, for any period of time in any portion of these systems could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and inflict reputational damage.
In addition, the provision of service to our customers and the operation of our networks and systems involve the storage and transmission of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of customers, system members and others. Our information technology systems may be susceptible to computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, malicious insiders, or catastrophic events. Hackers, acting individually or in coordinated groups, may also launch distributed denial of service attacks or ransom or other coordinated attacks that may cause service outages or other interruptions in our business and access to our data. In addition, breaches in security could expose us, our customers, or the individuals affected, to a risk of loss or misuse of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently, may be difficult to detect for a long time and often are not
recognized until launched against a target. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures.
Any of these occurrences could result in disruptions in our operations, the loss of existing or potential customers, damage to our brand and reputation, and litigation and potential liability for the Company. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data or system protection measures could be significant and our efforts to deter, identify, mitigate and/or eliminate any security breaches may not be successful.
In 2022 and 2021, we experienced a cybersecurity incident which is described in this Annual Report under the headings “Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation - Cybersecurity Incident”.
We may incur losses due to our reinsurers’ or counterparties’ failure to perform under existing contracts or we may be unable to secure sufficient reinsurance or hedging protection in the future.
We use reinsurance and derivative contracts to mitigate our risk of loss in various circumstances. These agreements do not release us from our primary obligations and therefore we remain ultimately responsible for these potential costs. We cannot provide assurance that these reinsurers or counterparties will fulfill their obligations. Their inability or unwillingness to make payments to us under the terms of the contracts may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
As of December 31, 2022, Repwest reported $0.4 million of reinsurance recoverables, net of allowances and $41.3 million of reserves and liabilities ceded to reinsurers. Of this, Repwest’s largest exposure to a single reinsurer was $26.3 million.
Risks Related to our Industry
We operate in a highly competitive industry.
The truck rental industry is highly competitive and includes a number of significant national, regional and local competitors, many of which are several times larger than U-Haul. We believe the principal competitive factors in this industry are convenience of rental locations, availability of quality rental moving equipment, breadth of essential services and products and total cost. Financial results for the Company can be adversely impacted by aggressive pricing from our competitors. Some of our competitors may have greater financial resources than we have. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain existing rental prices or implement price increases. Moreover, if our competitors reduce prices and we are not able or willing to do so as well, we may lose rental volume, which would likely have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations. Numerous potential competitors are working to establish paradigm shifting technologies from self-driving vehicles to ride-hailing services and other technologies that connect riders with vehicles.
The self-storage industry is large and highly fragmented. We believe the principal competitive factors in this industry are convenience of storage rental locations, cleanliness, security and price. Competition in the market areas in which we operate is significant and affects the occupancy levels, rental rates and operating expenses of our facilities. Competition might cause us to experience a decrease in occupancy levels, limit our ability to raise rental rates or require us to offer discounted rates that would have a material effect on results of operations and financial condition. Entry into the self-storage business may be accomplished through the acquisition of existing facilities by persons or institutions with the required initial capital. Development of new self-storage facilities is more difficult however, due to land use, zoning, environmental and other regulatory requirements. The self-storage industry has in the past experienced overbuilding in response to perceived increases in demand. Consolidation of ownership is taking place with certain owners of self-storage. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete in existing markets or expand into new markets.
Economic conditions, including those related to the credit markets, interest rates and inflation, may adversely affect our industry, business and results of operations.
Consumer and commercial spending is generally affected by the health of the economy, which places some of the factors affecting the success of our business beyond our control. Our businesses, although not as traditionally cyclical as some, could experience significant downturns in connection with or in anticipation of, declines in general economic conditions. In times of declining consumer spending we may be driven, along with our competitors, to reduce pricing, which would have a negative impact on gross profit.
We cannot predict if another downturn in the economy will occur, which could result in reduced revenues and working capital.
Trends in the economy are resulting in inflationary pressures leading to an increase in our cost of doing business. We cannot guarantee that we can manage the costs lower or pass them along in the form of higher prices to our customers.
Should credit markets in the United States tighten or if interest rates increase significantly, we may not be able to refinance existing debt or find additional financing on favorable terms, if at all.
If one or more of the financial institutions that support our existing credit facilities fails or opts not to continue to lend to us, we may not be able to find a replacement, which would negatively impact our ability to borrow under credit facilities.
If our operating results were to worsen significantly and our cash flows or capital resources prove inadequate, or if interest rates increase significantly, we could face liquidity problems that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
A.M. Best financial strength ratings are crucial to our life insurance business.
In August 2022, A.M. Best affirmed the financial strength rating (“FSR”) for Oxford and Christian Fidelity Life Insurance Company (“CFLIC”) of A. The FSR outlook remains stable. In addition, A.M. Best affirmed the long-term issuer credit rating (“LTICR”) of “a”. The LTICR outlook of these ratings is stable. Financial strength ratings are important external factors that can affect the success of Oxford’s business plans. Accordingly, if Oxford’s ratings, relative to its competitors, are not maintained or do not continue to improve, Oxford may not be able to retain and attract business as currently planned, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Financings
We are highly leveraged.
As of March 31, 2023, we had total debt outstanding of $6,143.4 million and operating lease liabilities of $58.4 million. Although we believe, based on existing information, that additional leverage can be supported by our operations and revenues, our existing debt could impact us in the following ways among other considerations:
require us to allocate a considerable portion of cash flows from operations to debt service and lease payments;
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
limit our ability to obtain additional financing; and
place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors who may have less debt.
Our ability to make payments on our debt and leases depends upon our ability to maintain and improve our operating performance and generate cash flow. To some extent, this is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our debt and meet our other cash needs, including our leases, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness and leases. If we must sell our assets, it may negatively affect our ability to generate revenue. In addition, we may incur additional debt or leases that would exacerbate the risks associated with our indebtedness.
Risks Related to our Organization
A majority of our Voting Common Stock is owned by a small contingent of stockholders.
Willow Grove Holdings LP, directly and through controlled entities (“WGHLP”), owns 9,791,911 shares of our common stock, $0.25 par value per share (“Voting Common Stock”), and together with Edward J. Shoen and Mark V. Shoen, owns 9,828,542 shares (approximately 50.1%) of Voting Common Stock. The general partner of WGHLP controls the voting and disposition decisions with respect to the Voting Common Stock owned by WGHLP, and is managed by Edward J. Shoen (the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of U-Haul Holding Company) and his brother, Mark V. Shoen. Accordingly, Edward J. Shoen and Mark V. Shoen are in a position to significantly influence our business and policies, including the approval of certain significant transactions, the election of the members of our board of directors (the “Board”) and other matters submitted to our stockholders. There can be no assurance that their interests will not conflict with the interests of our other stockholders.
Furthermore, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance standards. Under these corporate governance standards, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, group or another company is a “
controlled company
” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance standards, including the requirements (1) that a majority of our Board consist of independent directors, (2) that our Board have a compensation committee that consists entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities, and (3) that our director nominations be made, or recommended to our full Board, by our independent directors or by a nominations committee that consists entirely of independent directors and that we adopt a written charter or board resolution addressing the nomination process. The Company has not made any election relating to compliance with any of these corporate governance standards.
In addition, 836,228 shares (approximately 4.3%) of our Voting Common Stock are owned under our ESOP.
Each ESOP participant is entitled to vote the shares allocated to himself or herself in their discretion.
In the event an ESOP participant does not vote his or her shares, such shares shall be voted by the ESOP trustee, in the ESOP trustee’s discretion.
The trading price for our outstanding Voting Common Stock may continue to be volatile and the trading price for our newly distributed Series N Non-Voting Common Stock may also be volatile.
An Independent Special Committee of the Board authorized the creation of a new Series of Common Stock, designated as Series N Non-Voting Common Stock, par value of $0.001 per share (the “Non-Voting Common Stock”). This series of stock is in addition to our pre-existing class of Voting Common Stock. On November 9, 2022, each holder of our Voting Common Stock as of November 3, 2022 received nine shares of Non-Voting Common Stock for every outstanding share of Voting Common Stock through a stock dividend.
The Non-Voting Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and we cannot predict whether, or to what extent, a liquid trading market will develop long-term for the Non-Voting Common Stock. If a liquid trading market does not develop or if the Non-Voting Common Stock is not attractive to retail investors, including team members and customers of the Company, we may not achieve our objectives in creating this new class.
The trading price of our stock has at times experienced substantial price volatility and may continue to be volatile, including as a result of the distribution of shares of Non-Voting Common Stock. The market prices of our two series of stock and the allocation of value between the two may be volatile and their respective values may decline. The trading price of our Voting Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock may fluctuate widely in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, among others:
•
Quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors.
•
Announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, new products, significant contracts, commercial relationships, or capital commitments.
•
Recommendations by securities analysts or changes in earnings estimates.
•
Announcements about our earnings that are not in line with analyst expectations.
•
Announcements by our competitors of their earnings that are not in line with analyst expectations.
•
Commentary by industry and market professionals about our products, strategies, and other matters affecting our business and results, regardless of its accuracy.
•
The volume of shares of Voting Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock available for public sale.
•
Sales of Voting Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock by us or by our stockholders (including sales by our directors, executive officers, and other employees).
•
Short sales, hedging, and other derivative transactions on shares of our Voting Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock.
•
The perceived values of Voting Common Stock and Non-Voting Common Stock relative to one another.
Risks Related to Legal, Regulatory and Compliance
Our operations subject us to numerous environmental laws and regulations and the possibility that environmental liability in the future could adversely affect our operations.
Compliance with environmental requirements of federal, state, provincial and local governments in the United States and Canada affects our business. Among other things, these requirements regulate the discharge of materials into the air, land and water and govern the use and disposal of hazardous substances. Under environmental laws or common law principles, we can be held liable for hazardous substances that are found on real property we have owned or operated. We are aware of issues regarding hazardous substances on some of our real estate and we have put in place a remediation plan at each site where we believe such a plan is necessary. See Note 19, Contingencies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We regularly make capital and operating expenditures to stay in compliance with environmental laws. In particular, we have managed a testing and removal program since 1988 for our underground storage tanks.
Despite these compliance efforts, the risk of environmental liability is part of the nature of our business.
Environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and could become more stringent in the future. We cannot assure you that future compliance with these laws and regulations, future environmental liabilities, the cost of defending environmental claims, conducting any environmental remediation or generally resolving liabilities caused by us or related third parties will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We operate in a highly regulated industry and changes in existing laws and regulations or violations of existing or future laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operations and profitability.
Our truck, trailer and U-Box rental business is subject to regulation by various federal, state and provincial governmental entities in the United States and Canada. Specifically, the U.S. Department of Transportation and various state, federal and Canadian agencies exercise broad powers over our motor carrier operations, safety, and the generation, handling, storage, treatment and disposal of waste materials. In addition, our storage business is also subject to federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety, among other matters. The failure to comply with these laws and regulations may adversely affect our ability to sell or rent such property or to use the property as collateral for future borrowings. Compliance with changing laws and regulations could substantially impair real property and equipment productivity and increase our costs.
In addition, the federal government may institute some regulation that limits carbon emissions by setting a maximum amount of carbon individual entities can emit without penalty. This would likely affect everyone who uses fossil fuels and would disproportionately affect users in the highway transportation industries. While there are too many variables at this time to assess the impact of the various proposed federal and state regulations that could affect carbon emissions, many experts believe these proposed rules could significantly affect the way companies operate in their businesses.
The Biden administration has also communicated its willingness to consider the imposition of carbon-based taxes. Our truck rental fleet burns gasoline, a carbon intensive fuel. Where in the supply chain and in what amount these taxes could arise is uncertain. We have no evidence to support a belief that “do-it-yourself” moving customers are willing to accept these additional costs. Should such a tax be enacted, we could see an increase in expenses, including compliance costs and a negative effect on our operating margin.
Our operations can be limited by land-use regulations. Zoning choices enacted by individual municipalities in the United States and Canada may limit our ability to serve certain markets with our products and services.
Our insurance companies are heavily regulated by state insurance departments and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. These insurance regulations are primarily in place to protect the interests of our policyholders and not our investors. Changes in these laws and regulations could increase our costs, inhibit new sales, or limit our ability to implement rate increases.
Recent changes to U.S. tax laws may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations and create the risk that we may need to adjust our accounting for these changes.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform Act”) and the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) made significant changes to U.S. tax laws and includes numerous provisions that affect businesses, including ours.
For instance, as a result of lower corporate tax rates, the Tax Reform Act tends to reduce both the value of deferred tax assets and the amount of deferred tax liabilities.
It also limits interest expense deductions and the amount of net operating losses that can be used each year and alters the expensing of capital expenditures. Other provisions have international tax consequences for businesses like ours that operate internationally. The CARES Act allows for the carryback of certain net operating losses. The Tax Reform Act is unclear in certain respects and will require interpretations and implementing regulations by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), as well as state tax authorities, and the Tax Reform Act and CARES Act could be subject to amendments and technical corrections, any of which could lessen or increase the adverse (and positive) impacts of these acts. The Tax Reform Act put into place 100% first year bonus depreciation. This decreased to 80% starting in 2023 and will continue to gradually decrease in future years and will impact our tax liability. The accounting treatment of these tax law changes was complex, and some of the changes affected both current and future periods.
Others primarily affected future periods.
Additional changes to the U.S. tax code could negatively offset operating cashflows.
Changes to tax policy, corporate tax rates or interpretations of existing tax law could change our effective tax rate, reduce future expected tax deductions and increase current and future federal income tax payments.
Congress and the Biden administration have proposed increases to the current U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21%.
Any such changes could adversely impact our financial position and results of operations.
General Risk Factors
Terrorist attacks could negatively impact our operations and profitability and may expose us to liability and reputational damage.
Terrorist attacks may negatively affect our operations and profitability.
Such attacks may damage our facilities and it is also possible that our rental equipment could be involved in a terrorist attack.
Although we carry excess of loss insurance coverage, it may prove to be insufficient to cover us for acts of terror using our rental equipment.
Moreover, we may suffer reputational damage that could arise from a terrorist attack which utilizes our rental equipment. The consequences of any terrorist attacks or hostilities are unpredictable and difficult to quantify.
We seek to minimize these risks through our operational processes and procedures; however, we may not be able to foresee events that could have an adverse effect on our operations.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
The Company, through its legal subsidiaries, owns property, plant and equipment that are utilized in the manufacturing, repair and rental of U-Haul ®
equipment and storage space, as well as providing office space for us. Such facilities exist throughout the United States and Canada. We also manage storage facilities owned by others. We operate over 2,200 U-Haul ®
retail centers of which 494 U-Haul branded locations are managed for subsidiaries of WGHLP and Mercury Partners, L.P., and 11 manufacturing and assembly facilities. We also operate over 151 fixed-site repair facilities located throughout the United States and Canada. These facilities are used primarily for the benefit of Moving and Storage.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Please see Note 19, Contingencies, of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Part ii

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
U-Haul Holding Company’s two classes of common stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbols “UHAL” for our Voting Common Stock and “UHAL.B” for our Non-Voting Common Stock. As of March 31, 2023, there were approximately 3,300 holders of record of our Voting Common Stock and approximately 3,400 holders of record of our Non-Voting Common Stock. We derived the number of our stockholders using internal stock ledgers and utilizing Mellon Investor Services Stockholder listings.
Dividends
We do not have a formal dividend policy for its Voting Common Stock (UHAL).
We do have a dividend policy for our Non-Voting Common Stock (UHAL.B), which provides that unless the Board otherwise determines in its sole discretion, it is the Company’s policy to declare and pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.04 per share. The Board periodically considers the advisability of declaring and paying dividends to holders of each of our two classes of common stock in light of existing circumstances.
The following table lists the dividends that were declared and issued for fiscal 2023 and 2022.
Voting Common Stock Dividends
Declared Date
Per Share Amount
Record Date
Dividend Date
August 18, 2022
$
0.50
September 6, 2022
September 20, 2022
April 6, 2022
$
0.50
April 18, 2022
April 29, 2022
October 6, 2021
$
0.50
October 18, 2021
October 29, 2021
August 19, 2021
$
0.50
September 7, 2021
September 21, 2021
June 9, 2021
$
0.50
June 24, 2021
July 8, 2021
Non-Voting Common Stock Dividends
Declared Date
Per Share Amount
Record Date
Dividend Date
March 3, 2023
$
0.04
March 14, 2023
March 27, 2023
December 7, 2022
$
0.04
December 19, 2022
December 30, 2022
See Note 21, Statutory Financial Information of Insurance Subsidiaries, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of certain statutory restrictions on the ability of the insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends to U-Haul Holding Company.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on the Company’s Voting Common Stock (UHAL) and Non-Voting Common Stock (UHAL.B) for the period March 31, 2018 through March 31, 2023 with the cumulative total return on the Dow Jones US Total Market and the Dow Jones US Transportation Average. The comparison assumes that $100 was invested on March 31, 2018 in the Company’s common stock and in each of the comparison indices. The graph reflects the value of the investment based on the closing price of the common stock trading on the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ Global Select Market on March 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023.
Fiscal years ended March 31:
U-Haul Holding Company - UHAL
$
$
$
$
$
$
U-Haul Holding Company - UHAL.B
Dow Jones US Total Market
Dow Jones US Transportation Average

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6.[Reserved]
Reserved.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We begin this MD&A with the overall strategy of U-Haul Holding Company, followed by a description of, and strategy related to, our operating segments to give the reader an overview of the goals of our businesses and the direction in which our businesses and products are moving. We then discuss our critical accounting estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. Next, we discuss our results of operations for fiscal 2023 compared with fiscal 2022, which are followed by an analysis of liquidity changes in our balance sheets and cash flows, and a discussion of our financial commitments in the sections entitled Liquidity and Capital Resources and Disclosures about Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments. The discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended March 31, 2021 included in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022 is incorporated by reference into this MD&A. We conclude this MD&A by discussing our outlook for fiscal 2024.
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the other sections of this Annual Report, including Item 1: Business and Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The various sections of this MD&A contain a number of forward-looking statements, as discussed under the caption, Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements, all of which are based on our current expectations and could be affected by the uncertainties and risk factors described throughout this Annual Report and particularly under the section Item 1A: Risk Factors. Our actual results may differ materially from these forward-looking statements.
U-Haul Holding Company has a fiscal year that ends on the 31 st of March for each year that is referenced. Our insurance company subsidiaries have fiscal years that end on the 31 st of December for each year that is referenced. They have been consolidated on that basis. Our insurance companies’ financial reporting processes conform to calendar year reporting as required by state insurance departments. Management believes that consolidating their calendar year into our fiscal year financial statements does not materially affect the presentation of financial position or results of operations. We disclose all material events, if any, occurring during the intervening period. Consequently, all references to our insurance subsidiaries’ years 2022, 2021 and 2020 correspond to fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 for U-Haul Holding Company.
Overall Strategy
Our overall strategy is to maintain our leadership position in the North American “do-it-yourself” moving and storage industry. We accomplish this by providing a seamless and integrated supply chain to the “do-it-yourself” moving and storage market. As part of executing this strategy, we leverage the brand recognition of U-Haul
with our full line of moving and self-storage related products and services and the convenience of our broad geographic presence.
Our primary focus is to provide our customers with a wide selection of moving rental equipment, convenient self-storage rental facilities and portable moving and storage units and related moving and self-storage products and services. We are able to expand our distribution and improve customer service by increasing the amount of moving equipment and storage units and portable moving and storage units available for rent, expanding the number of independent dealers in our network and expanding and taking advantage of our Storage Affiliate and Moving Help ® capabilities.
Property and Casualty Insurance is focused on providing and administering property and casualty insurance to U-Haul and its customers, its independent dealers and affiliates.
Life Insurance is focused on long-term capital growth through direct writing and reinsuring of life, Medicare supplement and annuity products in the senior marketplace.
Description of Operating Segments
U-Haul Holding Company’s three reportable segments are:
Moving and Storage, comprised of U-Haul Holding Company, U-Haul, and Real Estate and the subsidiaries of U-Haul and Real Estate;
Property and Casualty Insurance, comprised of Repwest and its subsidiaries and ARCOA; and
Life Insurance, comprised of Oxford and its subsidiaries.
See Note 1, Basis of Presentation, Note 22, Financial Information by Geographic Area, and Note 22A, Consolidating Financial Information by Industry Segment, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report.
Moving and Storage Operating Segment
Moving and Storage consists of the rental of trucks, trailers, portable moving and storage units, specialty rental items and self-storage spaces primarily to the household mover as well as sales of moving supplies, towing accessories and propane. Operations are conducted under the registered trade name U-Haul ® throughout the United States and Canada.
With respect to our truck, trailer, specialty rental items and self-storage rental business, we are focused on expanding our dealer network, which provides added convenience for our customers and expanding the selection and availability of rental equipment to satisfy the needs of our customers.
U-Haul ® branded self-moving related products and services, such as boxes, pads and tape allow our customers to, among other things, protect their belongings from potential damage during the moving process. We are committed to providing a complete line of products selected with the “do-it-yourself” moving and storage customer in mind.
uhaul.com ® is an online marketplace that connects consumers to our operations as well as independent Moving Help ® service providers and thousands of independent Self-Storage Affiliates. Our network of customer-rated affiliates and service providers furnish pack and load help, cleaning help, self-storage and similar services throughout the United States and Canada. Our goal is to further utilize our web-based technology platform to increase service to consumers and businesses in the moving and storage market.
U-Haul’s mobile app, Truck Share 24/7, Skip-the-Counter Self-Storage rentals and Self-checkout for moving supplies provide our customers methods for conducting business with us directly via their mobile devices and also limiting physical exposure.
Since 1945, U-Haul has incorporated sustainable practices into its everyday operations. We believe that our basic business premise of equipment sharing helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduces the inventory of total large capacity vehicles. We continue to look for ways to reduce waste within our business and are dedicated to manufacturing reusable components and recyclable products. We believe that our commitment to sustainability, through our products and services and everyday operations has helped us to reduce our impact on the environment.
Property and Casualty Insurance Operating Segment
Property and Casualty Insurance provides loss adjusting and claims handling for U-Haul through regional offices in the United States and Canada. Property and Casualty Insurance also underwrites components of the Safemove ® , Safetow ® , Safemove Plus ® ,
Safestor ® and Safestor Mobile ®
protection packages to U-Haul ® customers. We continue to focus on increasing the penetration of these products into the moving and storage market. The business plan for Property and Casualty Insurance includes offering property and casualty products in other U-Haul ®
related programs.
Life Insurance Operating Segment
Life Insurance provides life and health insurance products primarily to the senior market through the direct writing and reinsuring of life insurance, Medicare supplement and annuity policies.
Cybersecurity Incident
On September 9, 2022, we announced that the Company was made aware of a data security incident involving U-Haul‘s information technology network. U-Haul detected a compromise of two unique passwords used to access U-Haul customers information. U-Haul took immediate steps to contain the incident and promptly enhanced its security measures to prevent any further unauthorized access. U-Haul retained cybersecurity experts and incident response counsel to investigate the incident and implement additional security safeguards. The investigation determined that between November 5, 2021 and April 8, 2022, the threat actor accessed customer contracts containing customers’ names, dates of birth, and driver’s license or state identification numbers. None of U-Haul’s financial, payment processing or email systems were involved. U-Haul has notified impacted customers and relevant governmental authorities.
Several class action lawsuits related to the incident have been filed against U-Haul. The lawsuits have been consolidated into one action in the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona and will be vigorously defended by the Company; however the outcome of such lawsuits cannot be predicted or guaranteed with any certainty.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States. The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies can have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. Note 3, Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this Annual Report summarizes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Certain accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments and assumptions, often as a result of the need to estimate matters that are inherently uncertain.
Following is a detailed description of the accounting estimates that we deem most critical to us and that require management’s most difficult and subjective judgments. These estimates are based on historical experience, observance of trends in particular areas, information and valuations available from outside sources and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances and which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions, and such differences may be material.
We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies, such as revenue recognition; however, these policies do not meet the definition of critical accounting estimates, because they do not generally require us to make estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective. The accounting estimates that we deem most critical to us, and involve the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments include the following:
Recoverability of Property, Plant and Equipment
Our property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. We regularly perform reviews to determine whether facts and circumstances exist, which indicate that the carrying amount of assets, including estimates of residual value, may not be recoverable or that the useful life of assets are shorter or longer than originally estimated. Reductions in residual values (i.e., the price at which we ultimately expect to dispose of revenue earning equipment) or useful lives will result in an increase in depreciation expense over the remaining life of the equipment. Reviews are performed based on vehicle class, generally subcategories of trucks and trailers. We assess the recoverability of our assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. We consider factors such as current and expected future market price trends on used vehicles and the expected life of vehicles included in the fleet. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If asset residual values are determined to be recoverable, but the useful lives are shorter or longer than originally estimated, then the net book value of the assets is depreciated over the newly determined remaining useful lives.
Insurance Reserves
Liabilities for future policy benefits related to life insurance, Medicare supplement insurance, and deferred annuities are determined by management utilizing the net premium valuation methodology and are accrued when premium revenue is recognized. The liability, which represents the present value of future benefits to be paid to policyholders and related expenses less the present value of future net premiums, is estimated using assumptions applicable at the time the insurance contracts are written, with provisions for the risk of adverse deviation, as appropriate. Assumptions include expected mortality and morbidity experience, policy lapses and surrenders, current asset yields and expenses, and expected interest rate yields. The Company periodically performs a gross premium valuation and reviews original assumptions, including capitalized expenses which reduce the gross premium valuation, to evaluate whether the assets and liabilities are adequate and whether a loss reserve should be recognized.
Insurance reserves for Property and Casualty Insurance and U-Haul take into account losses incurred based upon actuarial estimates and are management’s best approximation of future payments.
These estimates are based upon past claims experience and current claim trends as well as social and economic conditions such as changes in legal theories and inflation.
These reserves consist of case reserves for reported losses and a provision for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) losses, both reduced by applicable reinsurance recoverables, resulting in a net liability.
Due to the nature of the underlying risks and high degree of uncertainty associated with the determination of the liability for future policy benefits and claims, the amounts to be ultimately paid to settle these liabilities cannot be precisely determined and may vary significantly from the estimated liability, especially for long-tailed casualty lines of business such as excess workers’ compensation.
As a result of the long-tailed nature of the excess workers’ compensation policies written by Repwest from 1983 through 2001, it may take a number of years for claims to be fully reported and finally settled.
On a regular basis, insurance reserve adequacy is reviewed by management to determine if existing assumptions need to be updated. In determining the assumptions for calculating workers’ compensation reserves, management considers multiple factors including the following:
Claimant longevity,
Cost trends associated with claimant treatments,
Changes in ceding entity and third party administrator reporting practices,
Changes in environmental factors, including legal and regulatory,
Current conditions affecting claim settlements, and
Future economic conditions, including inflation.
We have reserved each claim based upon the accumulation of current claim costs projected through each claimant’s life expectancy, and then adjusted for applicable reinsurance arrangements.
Management reviews each claim bi-annually or more frequently, if there are changes in facts or circumstances to determine if the estimated life-time claim costs have increased and then adjusts the reserve estimate accordingly at that time.
We have factored in an estimate of what the potential cost increases could be in our IBNR liability.
We have not assumed settlement of the existing claims in calculating the reserve amount, unless it is in the final stages of completion.
Continued increases in claim costs, including medical inflation and new treatments and medications could lead to future adverse development resulting in additional reserve strengthening.
Conversely, settlement of existing claims or if injured workers return to work or expire prematurely, could lead to future positive development.
Impairment of Investments
Under the current expected credit loss model, a valuation allowance is recognized in earnings for credit losses. If we intend to sell a debt security, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write down is charged against the allowance for credit losses, with any incremental impairment reported in
earnings. Reversals of the allowance for credit losses are
permitted and should not exceed the allowance amount initially recognized.
There was a $2.0 million net impairment charge recorded in fiscal 2023.
Income Taxes
We file a consolidated tax return with all of our legal subsidiaries.
Our tax returns are periodically reviewed by various taxing authorities. The final outcome of these audits may cause changes that could materially impact our financial results. Please see Note 14, Provision for Taxes, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report for more information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Please see Note 3, Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report for more information.
Results of Operations
U-Haul Holding Company and Consolidated Subsidiaries
Fiscal 2023 Compared with Fiscal 2022
Listed below, on a consolidated basis, are revenues for our major product lines for fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022:
Year Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
Self-moving equipment rentals
$
3,877,917
$
3,958,807
Self-storage revenues
744,492
617,120
Self-moving and self-storage products and service sales
357,286
351,447
Property management fees
37,073
35,194
Life insurance premiums
99,149
111,027
Property and casualty insurance premiums
93,209
86,518
Net investment and interest income
176,679
148,261
Other revenue
478,886
431,373
Consolidated revenue
$
5,864,691
$
5,739,747
Self-moving equipment rental revenues decreased $80.9 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022. Transactions, revenue and average miles driven per transaction decreased.
These declines were more pronounced in our one-way markets.
Compared to the same period last year, we increased the number of retail locations, independent dealers, trucks, and trailers in the rental fleet.
Self-storage revenues increased $127.4 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022.
The average monthly number of occupied units increased by 14%, or 63,800 units during fiscal 2023 compared with the same period last year.
Over the course of the fiscal year our average revenue per occupied square foot increased 9%.
During fiscal 2023, we added approximately 6.0 million net rentable square feet, a 13% increase compared to fiscal 2022 additions.
This additional capacity consisted of approximately 1.1 million square feet of existing self-storage acquired along with 4.9 million square feet of new development.
Sales of self-moving and self-storage products and services increased $5.8 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022, primarily due to increased hitch and propane sales partially offset by a 1% decrease in the sales of moving supplies.
Life insurance premiums decreased $11.9 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022 primarily due to decreased sales of single premium life products and policy decrements in Medicare supplement.
Property and casualty insurance premiums increased $6.7 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022. A significant portion of Repwest’s premiums are from policies sold in conjunction with U-Haul moving and storage transactions and generally correspond to the related activity at U-Haul during the same period.
Net investment and interest income increased $28.4 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022. Moving and Storage accounted for a $67.9 million increase due to higher yields on our short-term cash balances which are primarily invested in United States government securities. Changes in the market value of unaffiliated common stocks held at our Property and Casualty Insurance subsidiary resulted in a $16.6 million decrease. Life Insurance experienced a net decrease of $21.4 million.
Other revenue increased $47.5 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022, caused primarily by growth in our U-Box® program.
Listed below are revenues and earnings from operations at each of our operating segments for fiscal 2023 and 2022. The insurance companies’ years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Year Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
Moving and storage
Revenues
$
5,567,714
$
5,398,267
Earnings from operations before equity in earnings of subsidiaries
1,396,122
1,577,226
Property and casualty insurance
Revenues
103,512
115,043
Earnings from operations
36,570
49,780
Life insurance
Revenues
206,100
238,812
Earnings from operations
12,935
19,538
Eliminations
Revenues
(12,635)
(12,375)
Earnings from operations before equity in earnings of subsidiaries
(1,521)
(1,547)
Consolidated Results
Revenues
5,864,691
5,739,747
Earnings from operations
1,444,106
1,644,997
Total costs and expenses increased $325.8 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022. Operating expenses for Moving and Storage increased $345.7 million.
Repair costs associated with the rental fleet experienced a $132.9 million increase during fiscal year 2023 and personnel costs increased $97.8 million.
The increases in fleet repair costs are primarily due to additional preventative maintenance resulting from higher fleet activity over the last several years.
Also, the slower rotation of new equipment into the fleet and older equipment out of the fleet has added to the amount of preventative maintenance needed.
Personnel cost increases stem from a 12% increase in headcount on average throughout the year; the headcount variance narrowed towards the end of the year.
Other expense increases included liability costs, utilities, property taxes, non-rental equipment and building maintenance and shipping associated with U-Box transactions.
Depreciation expense associated with our rental fleet was $520.5 million and $504.2 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Net gains from the disposal of rental equipment increased $32.9 million from an increase in resale values combined with additional units sold.
Depreciation expense on all other assets, largely from buildings and improvements, increased $20.6 million to $213.4 million. Net losses on the disposal or retirement of land and buildings increased $9.7 million as fiscal 2022 included a condemnation gain of $4.9 million.
As a result of the above-mentioned changes in revenues and expenses, earnings from operations decreased to $1,444.1 million for fiscal 2023, compared with $1,645.0 million for fiscal 2022.
Interest expense for fiscal 2023 was $224.0 million, compared with $167.4 million for fiscal 2022 due to an increase in our average outstanding debt of $871.6 million in fiscal 2023 compared with fiscal 2022 combined with a higher average cost of debt.
Income tax expense was $294.9 million for fiscal 2023, compared with $352.2 million for fiscal 2022. See Note 14, Provision for Taxes, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report for more information on income taxes.
Basic and diluted earnings per share of Voting Common Stock for fiscal 2023 was $5.54, compared with $7.08 for fiscal 2022.
The weighted average shares outstanding basic and diluted for Voting Common Stock were 19,607,788 for both fiscal 2023 and 2022.
Basic and diluted earnings per share of Non-Voting Common Stock for fiscal 2023 were $4.62, compared with $5.58 for fiscal 2022.
The weighted average shares outstanding basic and diluted for Non-Voting Common Stock were 176,470,092 for both fiscal 2023 and 2022.
Moving and Storage
Fiscal 2023 Compared with Fiscal 2022
Listed below are revenues for the major product lines at Moving and Storage for fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022:
Year Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
Self-moving equipment rentals
$
3,882,620
$
3,963,535
Self-storage revenues
744,492
617,120
Self-moving and self-storage products and service sales
357,286
351,447
Property management fees
37,073
35,194
Net investment and interest income
70,992
3,135
Other revenue
475,251
427,836
Moving and Storage revenue
$
5,567,714
$
5,398,267
Self-moving equipment rental revenues decreased $80.9 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022 .
Transactions, revenue and average miles driven per transaction decreased.
These declines were more pronounced in our one-way markets.
Compared to the same period last year, we increased the number of retail locations, independent dealers, trucks, and trailers in the rental fleet.
Self-storage revenues increased $127.4 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022.
The average monthly number of occupied units increased by 14%, or 63,800 units during fiscal 2023 compared with the same period last year.
Over the course of the fiscal year our average revenue per occupied square foot increased 9%.
The Company owns and manages self-storage facilities. Self-storage revenues reported in the consolidated financial statements represent Company-owned locations only. Self-storage data for our owned storage locations follows:
Year Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except occupancy rate)
Unit count as of March 31
Square footage as of March 31
56,382
50,366
Average monthly number of units occupied
Average monthly occupancy rate based on unit count
83.4%
82.6%
Average monthly square footage occupied
46,257
41,379
During fiscal 2023, we added approximately 6.0 million net rentable square feet, a 13% increase compared to fiscal 2022 additions.
This additional capacity consisted of approximately 1.1 million square feet of existing self-storage acquired along with 4.9 million square feet of new development.
Sales of self-moving and self-storage products and services increased $5.8 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022, primarily due to increased hitch and propane sales partially offset by a 1% decrease in the sales of moving supplies.
Net investment and interest income increased $67.9 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022, due to higher yields on our short-term cash balances which are primarily invested in United States government securities.
Other revenue increased $47.4 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022, caused primarily by growth in our U-Box® program.
Total costs and expenses increased $350.6 million during fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022. Operating expenses increased $345.7 million.
Repair costs associated with the rental fleet experienced a $132.9 million increase during fiscal year 2023 and personnel costs increased $97.8 million.
The increases in fleet repair costs are primarily due to additional preventative maintenance resulting from higher fleet activity over the last several years.
Also, the slower rotation of new equipment into the fleet and older equipment out of the fleet has added to the amount of preventative maintenance needed.
Personnel cost increases stem from a 12% increase in headcount on average throughout the year; the headcount variance narrowed towards the end of the year.
Other expense increases included liability costs, utilities, property taxes, non-rental equipment and building maintenance and shipping associated with U-Box transactions.
Depreciation expense associated with our rental fleet was $520.5 million and $504.2 million.
Net gains from the disposal of rental equipment increased $32.9 million from an increase in resale values combined with additional units sold.
Depreciation expense on all other assets, largely from buildings and improvements, increased $20.6 million to $213.4 million. Net losses on the disposal or retirement of land and buildings increased $9.7 million as fiscal 2022 included a condemnation gain of $4.9 million.
Property and Casualty Insurance
2022 Compared with 2021
Net premiums were $96.2 million and $89.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. A significant portion of Repwest’s premiums are from policies sold in conjunction with U-Haul moving and storage transactions and generally correspond to the related activity at U-Haul during the same period.
Net investment and interest income were $7.3 million and $25.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The main driver of the change in net investment income was the decrease in valuation of unaffiliated common stock of $16.6 million; these stocks were not sold and no actual economic losses have been recognized.
Net operating expenses were $45.0 million and $42.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The change was primarily due to an increase in commissions from higher premiums.
Benefits and losses expenses were $21.5 million and $22.4 million for the years
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease was due to favorable loss experience.
As a result of the above-mentioned changes in revenues and expenses, pretax earnings from operations were $36.6 million and $49.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Life Insurance
2022 Compared with 2021
Net premiums were $99.1 million and $111.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Medicare Supplement premiums decreased $7.2 million from policy decrements offset by premium rate increases. Life insurance premiums decreased $4.4 million. Premiums on annuity supplemental contracts decreased $0.3 million from fewer annuitizations. Deferred annuity deposits were $326.5 million or $6.0 million below the prior year and are accounted for on the balance sheet as deposits rather than premiums. The decrease in deferred annuity deposits is a result of low sales at the beginning of the year improving as the year progressed.
Net investment income was $102.4 million and $123.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The realized loss on derivatives used as hedges to fixed indexed annuities was $12.6 million. The realized loss on bonds was $6.5 million. The change in the provision for expected credit losses resulted in a $2.9 million additional decrease to the investment income. Mortgage loan interest decreased $0.9 million from the decreased prepayment penalties. The interest on the remaining assets also decreased by $0.6 million. This was offset by a $2.1 million increase in the investment income from fixed maturities on higher asset base despite lower investment yields.
Benefits and losses incurred were $144.0 million and $164.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest credited to policyholders decreased $8.6 million due to a reduction in the interest credited rates on fixed indexed annuities driven by stock market fluctuations. Life benefits decreased $8.2 million due to lower death claims related to COVID-19 and lower sales due to premium adjustments that took place in late 2021. Medicare supplement benefits decreased by $3.2 million from fewer policies in force. Benefits on the annuity supplemental contracts decreased $0.2 million.
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”), sales inducement asset (“SIA“) and the value of business acquired (“VOBA”) was $27.9 million and $33.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The annuity related DAC amortization decreased $4.3 million due to realized investment gains and a completion of the amortization period on certain fixed indexed and multi-year guaranteed annuities in 2021. The decrease of $1.2 million on Life Insurance segment is from reduced policy lapses and death benefits. Medicare supplement related DAC amortization decreased $0.5 million and will continue to decrease due to a decline in the number of policies remaining in-force.
As a result of the above-mentioned changes in revenues and expenses, pretax earnings from operations were $12.5 million and $19.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe our current capital structure is a positive factor that will enable us to pursue our operational plans and goals and provide us with sufficient liquidity for the foreseeable future. There are many factors which could affect our liquidity, including some which are beyond our control, and there is no assurance that future cash flows and liquidity resources will be sufficient to meet our outstanding debt obligations and our other future capital needs.
As of March 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents totaled $2,060.5 million, compared with $2,704.1 million as of March 31, 2022. The assets of our insurance subsidiaries are generally unavailable to fulfill the obligations of non-insurance operations (U-Haul Holding Company, U-Haul and Real Estate). As of March 31, 2023 (or as otherwise indicated), cash and cash equivalents, other financial assets (receivables, short-term investments, other investments, fixed maturities, and related party assets) and debt obligations of each operating segment were:
Moving & Storage
Property and Casualty Insurance (a)
Life Insurance (a)
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,034,242
$
11,276
$
15,006
Other financial assets
428,018
446,977
2,744,196
Debt obligations (b)
6,143,350
-
-
(a) As of December 31, 2022
(b) Excludes ($35,308) of debt issuance costs
As of March 31, 2023, Moving and Storage had available borrowing capacity under existing credit facilities of $465.0 million. The majority of invested cash at the Moving and Storage segment is held in government money market funds. Our current forecasted debt payments for fiscal 2024 on all borrowings are $563.2 million. For detailed information regarding our debt obligations, please see Note 9, Borrowings, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
A summary of our consolidated cash flows for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 is shown in the table below:
Years Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
1,729,610
$
1,946,235
$
1,535,395
Net cash used by investing activities
(2,421,385)
(1,867,176)
(1,129,529)
Net cash provided by financing activities
59,795
1,433,155
287,353
Effects of exchange rate on cash
(11,633)
(2,089)
6,441
Net increase (decrease) in cash flow
(643,613)
1,510,125
699,660
Cash at the beginning of the period
2,704,137
1,194,012
494,352
Cash at the end of the period
$
2,060,524
$
2,704,137
$
1,194,012
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $216.6 million in fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022.
The decrease was primarily due to reduced net earnings of $200.2 million and the payment of $106.0 million in federal income tax in fiscal 2023 compared with the receipt of $243.0 million of federal income tax refunds in fiscal 2022. Partially offsetting this was a decrease in inventory and an increase in the collection of corporate receivables.
Net cash used in investing activities increased $554.2 million in fiscal 2023, compared with fiscal 2022. Purchases of property, plant and equipment increased $587.4 million. Reinvestment in the rental fleet was less than our projection due to delays in receiving new equipment from our original equipment manufacturers during fiscal 2023; however, the level of reinvestment in the rental fleet has increased in comparison to fiscal 2022.
Cash from the sales of property, plant and equipment increased $78.1 million largely due to fleet sales. For our insurance subsidiaries, net cash used in investing activities decreased $167.2 million due to a decrease in purchases in fixed maturity investments, which was offset by a $225.0
million increase in purchases of short-term Treasury notes by Moving and Storage.
Net cash provided by financing activities decreased $1,373.4 million in fiscal 2023, as compared with fiscal 2022.
Fiscal 2022 included the borrowing of $1,200.0 million through our two private placement offerings.
Additionally, debt payments increased $364.5 million, finance lease repayments decreased $42.1 million, and dividends paid increased $4.3 million.
For Life Insurance, net annuity deposits declined $103.2 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources and Requirements of Our Operating Segments
Moving and Storage
To meet the needs of our customers, U-Haul maintains a large fleet of rental equipment. Capital expenditures have primarily consisted of new rental equipment acquisitions and the buyouts of existing fleet from leases. The capital to fund these expenditures has historically been obtained internally from operations and the sale of used equipment and externally from debt and lease financing. In the future, we anticipate that our internally generated funds will be used to service the existing debt and fund operations. U-Haul estimates that during fiscal 2024 the Company will reinvest in its rental equipment fleet approximately $685 million, net of equipment sales and excluding any lease buyouts. For fiscal 2023, the Company invested, net of sales, approximately $611 million before any lease buyouts in its rental equipment fleet. Fleet investments in fiscal 2024 and beyond will be dependent upon several factors including the availability of capital, the truck rental environment, the availability of equipment from manufacturers and the used-truck sales market. We anticipate that the fiscal 2024 investments will be funded largely through debt financing, external lease financing and cash from operations. Management considers several factors including cost and tax consequences when selecting a method to fund capital expenditures. Our allocation between debt and lease financing can change from year to year based upon financial market conditions which may alter the cost or availability of financing options.
The Company has traditionally funded the acquisition of self-storage properties to support U-Haul's growth through debt financing and funds from operations. The Company’s plan for the expansion of owned storage properties includes the acquisition of existing self-storage locations from third parties, the acquisition and development of bare land, and the acquisition and redevelopment of existing buildings not currently used for self-storage. The Company expects to fund these development projects through a combination of internally generated funds, corporate debt and with borrowings against existing properties as they operationally mature. For fiscal 2023, the Company invested $1,341.4 million in real estate acquisitions, new construction and renovation and repair compared to $1,004.2 million in fiscal 2022.
For fiscal 2024, the timing of new projects will be dependent upon several factors, including the entitlement process, availability of capital, weather, the identification and successful acquisition of target properties and the availability of labor and materials.
We are likely to maintain a high level of real estate capital expenditures in fiscal 2024.
U-Haul's growth plan in self-storage also includes the expansion of the U-Haul Storage Affiliate program, which does not require significant capital.
Net capital expenditures (purchases of property, plant and equipment less proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment and lease proceeds) at Moving and Storage were $2,025.6 million, $1,513.3 million and $904.0 million for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The components of our net capital expenditures are provided in the following table:
Years Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
Purchases of rental equipment
$
1,298,955
$
1,061,439
$
870,106
Equipment lease buyouts
-
-
11,477
Purchases of real estate, construction and renovations
1,341,417
1,004,192
505,112
Other capital expenditures
86,595
70,906
54,780
Gross capital expenditures
2,726,967
2,136,537
1,441,475
Less: Sales of property, plant and equipment
(701,331)
(623,235)
(537,484)
Net capital expenditures
$
2,025,636
$
1,513,302
$
903,991
Moving and Storage continues to hold significant cash and we believe has access to additional liquidity. Management may invest these funds in our existing operations, expand our product lines or pursue external opportunities in the self-moving and storage marketplace, pay dividends or reduce existing indebtedness where possible.
Property and Casualty Insurance
State insurance regulations may restrict the amount of dividends that can be paid to stockholders of insurance companies. As a result, Property and Casualty Insurance's assets are generally not available to satisfy the claims of U-Haul Holding Company, or its legal subsidiaries. For calendar year 2023, the ordinary dividend available to be paid to U-Haul Holding Company is $29.5 million. For more information, please see Note 21, Statutory Financial Information of Insurance Subsidiaries, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. We believe that stockholders’ equity at the Property and Casualty operating segment remains sufficient and we do not believe that its ability to pay ordinary dividends to U-Haul Holding Company will be restricted per state regulations.
Our Property and Casualty operating segment stockholders’ equity was $294.5 million and $296.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in 2022 compared with 2021 resulted from net earnings of $29.8 million and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income of $31.4 million.
Property and Casualty Insurance does not use debt or equity issues to increase capital and therefore has no direct exposure to capital market conditions other than through its investment portfolio.
Life Insurance
Life Insurance manages its financial assets to meet policyholder and other obligations including investment contract withdrawals and deposits. Life Insurance's net deposits for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $6.8 million. State insurance regulations may restrict the amount of dividends that can be paid to stockholders of insurance companies. As a result, Life Insurance's assets are generally not available to satisfy the claims of U-Haul Holding Company or its legal subsidiaries. Oxford had a statutory net loss as of December 31, 2022, so no dividends can be distributed in calendar year 2023. For more information, please see Note 21, Statutory Financial Information of Insurance Subsidiaries, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
Our Life Insurance operating segment stockholders’ equity was $156.4 million and $440.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in 2022 compared with 2021 resulted from earnings of $10.0 million and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income of $294.5 million primarily due to the effect of interest rate changes on the fixed maturity portion of the investment portfolio.
Life Insurance has not historically used debt or equity issues to increase capital and therefore has not had any significant direct exposure to capital market conditions other than through its investment portfolio. However, as of December 31, 2022, Oxford had outstanding advances of $60.0 million through its membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). For a more detailed discussion of these advances, please see Note 9, Borrowings, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cash Provided from Operating Activities by Operating Segments
Moving and Storage
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,593.7 million, $1,823.3 million and $1,428.9 million in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to reduced net earnings of $200.2 million and the payment of $106.0 million in federal income tax in fiscal 2023 compared with the receipt of $243.0 million of federal income tax refunds in fiscal 2022. Partially offsetting this was a decrease in inventory and an increase in the collection of corporate receivables.
Property and Casualty Insurance
Net cash provided by operating activities was $36.2 million, $31.2 million, and $19.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The increase was the result of changes in intercompany balances and the timing of payables activity.
Property and Casualty Insurance’s cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment portfolios amounted to $27.2 million, $41.7 million, and $12.9 million as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. These balances reflect funds in transition from maturity proceeds to long-term investments. Management believes this level of liquid assets, combined with budgeted cash flow, is adequate to meet foreseeable cash needs. Capital and operating budgets allow Property and Casualty Insurance to schedule cash needs in accordance with investment and underwriting proceeds.
Life Insurance
Net cash provided by operating activities was $99.8 million, $91.8 million and $87.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in operating cash flows was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable due to the timing of settlements. This was offset by a decrease in investment and premium income.
In addition to cash flows from operating activities and financing activities, a substantial amount of liquid funds are available through Life Insurance's short-term portfolio and its membership in the FHLB. As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments amounted to $15.0 million, $50.1 million and $178.1 million, respectively. Management believes that the overall sources of liquidity are adequate to meet foreseeable cash needs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources - Summary
We believe we have the financial resources needed to meet our business plans including our working capital needs. We continue to hold significant cash and have access to additional liquidity to meet our anticipated capital expenditure requirements for investment in our rental fleet, rental equipment and storage acquisitions and build outs.
As a result of the federal income tax provisions of the CARES Act we have filed applicable forms with the IRS to carryback net operating losses. These refund claims total approximately $366 million, of which we have already received approximately $243 million, with the remaining amount reflected in prepaid expenses. These amounts are expected to provide us additional liquidity whenever received. It is possible future legislation could negatively impact our ability to receive these tax refunds.
Our borrowing strategy has primarily focused on asset-backed financing and rental equipment leases. As part of this strategy, we seek to ladder maturities and fix interest rates. While each of these loans typically contains provisions governing the amount that can be borrowed in relation to specific assets, the overall structure is flexible with no limits on overall Company borrowings. Management believes it has adequate liquidity between cash and cash equivalents and unused borrowing capacity in existing credit facilities to meet the current and expected needs of the Company over the next several years. As of March 31, 2023, we had available borrowing capacity under existing credit facilities of $465.0 million.
While it is possible that circumstances beyond our control could alter the ability of the financial institutions to lend us the unused lines of credit, we believe that there are additional opportunities for leverage in our existing capital structure. For a more detailed discussion of our long-term debt and borrowing capacity, please see Note 9, Borrowings, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report.
Historically, we used certain off-balance sheet arrangements in connection with the expansion of our self-storage business. For more information, please see Note 20, Related Party Transactions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report. These arrangements were primarily used when our overall borrowing structure was more limited. We do not face similar limitations currently and off-balance sheet arrangements have not been utilized in our self-storage expansion in recent years. In the future, we will continue to identify and consider off-balance sheet opportunities to the extent such arrangements would be economically advantageous to us and our stockholders.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
For contractual obligations for material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations as part of liquidity and capital resources discussion, please see Notes 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18 and 19
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table provides additional detail for contractual commitments and contingencies as of March 31, 2023.
Payment due by Period (as of March 31, 2023)
Contractual Obligations
Total
04/01/23 - 03/31/24
04/01/24 - 03/31/26
04/01/26 - 03/31/28
Thereafter
(In thousands)
Notes and loans payable - Principal
$
4,049,382
$
226,105
466,487
$
842,847
$
2,513,943
Notes and loans payable - Interest
1,387,115
178,530
326,733
275,149
606,703
Revolving credit agreements - Principal
615,000
-
370,556
244,444
-
Revolving credit agreements - Interest
102,175
36,228
54,875
11,072
-
Finance leases - Principal
223,205
103,780
119,425
-
-
Finance leases - Interest
11,991
7,032
4,959
-
-
Finance liability - Principal
1,255,763
233,268
409,323
379,271
233,901
Finance liability - Interest
158,493
45,093
65,750
35,427
12,223
Operating lease liabilities
103,956
24,338
16,497
6,506
56,615
Property and casualty obligations (a)
110,545
23,986
23,974
10,084
52,501
Life, health and annuity obligations (b)
3,624,456
683,685
846,007
507,084
1,587,680
Self-insurance accruals (c)
335,227
95,321
127,755
65,527
46,624
Post-retirement benefit liability
23,428
1,546
3,789
4,802
13,291
Total contractual obligations
$
12,000,736
$
1,658,912
$
2,836,130
$
2,382,213
$
5,123,481
(a) These estimated obligations for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses include case reserves for reported claims and estimates of IBNR claims and are net of expected reinsurance recoveries. The ultimate amount to settle both the case reserves and IBNR is an estimate based upon historical experience and current trends and such estimates could materially differ from actual results. The assumptions do not include future premiums. Due to the significant assumptions employed in this model, the amounts shown could materially differ from actual results.
(b) These estimated obligations are based on mortality, morbidity, withdrawal and lapse assumptions drawn from our historical experience and adjusted for any known trends. These obligations include expected interest crediting but no amounts for future annuity deposits or premiums for life and Medicare supplement policies. The cash flows shown above are undiscounted for interest and as a result total outflows for all years shown significantly exceed the corresponding liabilities of $2,785.3 million included in our
consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023. Life Insurance expects to fully fund these obligations from their invested asset portfolio. Due to the significant assumptions employed in this model, the amounts shown could materially differ from actual results.
(c) These estimated obligations are primarily the Company’s self insurance accruals for portions of the liability coverage for our rental equipment. The estimates for future settlement are based upon historical experience and current trends. Due to the significant assumptions employed in this model, the amounts shown could materially differ from actual results.
As presented above, contractual obligations on debt and guarantees represent principal payments while contractual obligations for operating leases represent the notional payments under the lease arrangements.
ASC 740 - Income Taxes liabilities and interest of $75.8 million is not included above due to uncertainty surrounding ultimate settlements, if any.
Fiscal 2024 Outlook
We will continue to focus our attention on increasing transaction volume and improving pricing, product and utilization for self-moving equipment rentals.
Maintaining an adequate level of new investment in our truck fleet is an important component of our plan to meet our operational goals and is likely to increase in fiscal 2024. Revenue in the U-Move ® program could be adversely impacted should we fail to execute in any of these areas. Even if we execute our plans, we could see declines in revenues primarily due to unforeseen events including adverse economic conditions or heightened competition that is beyond our control.
With respect to our storage business, we have added new locations and expanded existing locations. In fiscal 2024, we are actively looking to complete current projects, increase occupancy in our existing portfolio of locations and acquire new locations. New projects and acquisitions will be considered and pursued if they fit our long-term plans and meet our financial objectives. It is likely spending on acquisitions and new development will increase in fiscal 2024. We will continue to invest capital and resources in the U-Box ® program throughout fiscal 2024.
Inflationary pressures may challenge our ability to maintain or improve upon our operating margin.
Property and Casualty Insurance will continue to provide loss adjusting and claims handling for U-Haul and underwrite components of the Safemove ® , Safetow ® , Safemove Plus ® , Safestor ® , and Safestor Mobile ® protection packages to U-Haul customers.
Life Insurance is pursuing its goal of expanding its presence in the senior market through the sales of its Medicare supplement, life and annuity policies. This strategy includes growing its agency force, expanding its new product offerings, and pursuing business acquisition opportunities.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates. To mitigate these risks, we may utilize derivative financial instruments, among other strategies. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
The exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our variable rate debt obligations and one variable rate operating lease. We have used interest rate swap agreements and forward swaps to reduce our exposure to changes in interest rates. We enter into these arrangements with counterparties that are significant financial institutions with whom we generally have other financial arrangements. We are exposed to credit risk should these counterparties not be able to perform on their obligations. Following is a summary of our interest rate swaps agreements at March 31, 2023:
Notional Amount
Fair Value
Effective Date
Expiration Date
Fixed Rate
Floating Rate
(In thousands)
$
60,347
$
1,501
7/15/2022
7/15/2032
2.86%
1 Month SOFR
73,250
1,945
8/1/2022
8/1/2026
2.72%
1 Month SOFR
72,750
1,865
8/1/2022
8/31/2026
2.75%
1 Month SOFR
As of March 31, 2023, we had $821.3 million of variable rate debt obligations. Of this amount, $615.0 million is not fixed through interest rate swaps. If the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”) were to increase 100 basis points, the increase in interest expense on the variable rate debt would decrease future earnings and cash flows by $6.2 million annually (after consideration of the effect of the above derivative contracts). Certain senior mortgages have an anticipated repayment date and a maturity date. If these senior mortgages are not repaid by the anticipated repayment date the interest rate on these mortgages would increase from the current fixed rate. We are using the anticipated repayment date for our maturity schedule.
Additionally, our insurance subsidiaries’ fixed income investment portfolios expose us to interest rate risk. This interest rate risk is the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to changes in interest rates. As part of our insurance companies’ asset and liability management, actuaries estimate the cash flow patterns of our existing liabilities to determine their duration. These outcomes are compared to the characteristics of the assets that are currently supporting these liabilities assisting management in determining an asset allocation strategy for future investments that management believes will mitigate the overall effect of interest rates.
The following table illustrates the interest rate risk sensitivity of our fixed maturity portfolio as of March 31, 2023 and 2022. This table measures the effect of a parallel shift in interest rates (as represented by the U.S. Treasury curve) on the fair value of the fixed maturity portfolio. The data measures the change in fair value arising from an immediate and sustained change in interest rates in increments of 100 basis points.
Market Value of Mixed Maturity Portfolio
As of March 31,
Change in Interest Rates (a)
(In thousands)
-300bps
$
3,100,972
$
3,262,844
-200bps
2,970,228
3,153,114
-100bps
2,839,624
2,992,011
No change
2,709,037
2,821,092
+100bps
2,578,654
2,650,410
+200bps
2,448,348
2,479,737
+300bps
2,318,149
2,309,224
(a) In basis points
We use derivatives to hedge our equity market exposure to indexed annuity products sold by our Life Insurance company. These contracts earn a return for the contractholder based on the change in the value of the S&P 500 index between annual index point dates. We buy and sell listed equity and index call options and call option spreads. The credit risk is with the party in which the options are written. The net option price is paid up front and there are no additional cash requirements or additional contingent liabilities. These contracts are held at fair market value on our balance sheet. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, these derivative hedges had a net market value of $4.3 million and $7.5 million, with notional amounts of $465.7 million and $416.7
million, respectively. These derivative instruments are included in Investments, other; on the consolidated balance sheets.
Although the call options are employed to be effective hedges against our policyholder obligations from an economic standpoint, they do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting under GAAP. Accordingly, the call options are marked to fair value on each reporting date with the change in fair value included as a component of net investment and interest income. The change in fair value of the call options includes the gains or losses recognized at the expiration of the option term and the changes in fair value for open contracts.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The exposure to market risk for changes in foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to our Canadian business. Approximately 5.0%, 5.0% and 4.6% of our revenue was generated in Canada in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The result of a 10% change in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar would not be material to net income. We typically do not hedge any foreign currency risk since the exposure is not considered material.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Consolidated Financial Statements of U-Haul Holding Company and its consolidated subsidiaries including the notes to such statements and the related schedules are set forth on the “F” pages hereto and are incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Attached as exhibits to this Annual Report are certifications of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. This "Controls and Procedures" section includes information concerning the controls and procedures evaluation referred to in the certifications and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented in the section Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Following this discussion is the report of BDO USA, LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, regarding its audit of U-Haul Holding Company’s internal control over financial reporting as set forth below in this section. This section should be read in conjunction with the certifications of our CEO and CFO and the BDO USA, LLP report for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s "disclosure controls and procedures" (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) (“Disclosure Controls”) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Our Disclosure Controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Our Disclosure Controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon the controls evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our Disclosure Controls were not effective due to material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
The Company's management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of our controls to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or
deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than the material weaknesses described below, there has not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023, the end of our fiscal year. Management based its assessment on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management's assessment included evaluation of such elements as the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies, and our overall control environment. This assessment is supported by testing and monitoring performed both by our Internal Audit function and our Finance function.
Based on our assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of the end of the fiscal year 2023. We reviewed the results of management's assessment with the Audit Committee of our Board.
We determined a material weakness existed as management did not fully design, implement and monitor general information technology controls in the areas of program change management, user access, segregation of duties and cyber security for systems supporting substantially all of the Company’s internal control processes. A substantial portion of the Company's controls are dependent upon the information derived from the information technology systems and therefore the dependent controls were concluded to be ineffective.
Additionally, as previously reported in Item 4 of our Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2022, we have a continuing material weakness over the design and implementation of controls relevant to the financial reporting process related to the calculation of earnings per share using the two-step method associated with the recently issued UHAL.B Common Stock to ensure the accuracy of amounts presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
With respect to the material weakness related to general information technology controls, our management, under the oversight of our Audit Committee, has begun evaluating and implementing measures designed to remediate the control deficiencies contributing to this material weakness.
These remediations measures have included or will include assessing and formalizing the design of certain information technology policies, implementing controls and procedures relating to program change management, user access, segregations of duties and cyber security for systems supporting substantially all of the Company’s internal control processes and developing monitoring controls and protocols that will allow us to timely assess the design and the operating effectiveness of the new and redesigned controls.
With respect to the material weakness related to the calculation of earnings per share using the two-step method associated with the recently issued UHAL.B Common Stock, we have redesigned the related control, conducted relevant training for personnel involve in the process and control functions and enhanced the procedures and control activity documentation. These activities were completed in connection with our year end close process and the redesigned control operated as planned. We expect the redesigned control to operate in future periods in order to support a conclusion of operating effectiveness.
We believe the above actions will be effective in remediating the material weaknesses described above and we will continue to devote time and attention to these remedial efforts. However, as we continue to evaluate and take actions to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may take additional actions to address control deficiencies or modify certain of the remediation measures described above. Our remediation efforts will not be considered complete until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and our management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Stockholders and Board of Directors
U-Haul Holding Company
Reno, Nevada
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited U-Haul Holding Company’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management’s statements referring to any corrective actions taken by the Company after the date of management’s assessment.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2023, and the related notes and schedules and our report dated June 1, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Material weaknesses have been identified and described in management’s assessment. These material weaknesses related to management’s failure to design and maintain effective controls over financial reporting, specifically related to the following: (1) general information technology controls related to the areas of program change management, user access, segregations of duties and cyber security for systems supporting substantially all of the Company’s internal control processes and (2) financial reporting controls to ensure the accuracy of amounts presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2023 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated June 1, 2023, on those consolidated financial statements.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Phoenix, Arizona
June 1, 2023

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B.
Other Information
Not applicable.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item
10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required to be disclosed under this Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s definitive proxy statement, in connection with its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”), which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the close of the Company’s 2023 fiscal year.
The Company has a Code of Ethics that applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer. A copy of our Code of Ethics is posted on U-Haul Holding Company’s website at investors.uhaul.com/governance.aspx.
We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Current Report on Form 8-K regarding any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Ethics by posting such information on the Company’s website, at the web address and location specified above, unless otherwise required to file a Current Report on Form 8-K by New York Stock Exchange rules and regulations.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item
11.
Executive Compensation
The information required to be disclosed under this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item
12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required to be disclosed under this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required to be disclosed under this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required to be disclosed under this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15.
Exhibits; Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
Page
Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (
BDO USA, LLP
;
Phoenix, Arizona
; PCAOB ID#
)
Consolidated Balance Sheets - March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Financial Statement Schedules required to be filed by Item 8:
Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of U-Haul Holding Company
Schedule II - U-Haul Holding Company and Consolidated Subsidiaries Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Schedule V - U-Haul Holding Company and Consolidated Subsidiaries Supplemental Information (For Property-Casualty Insurance Operations)
All other schedules are omitted because they are not required, inapplicable, or the information is otherwise shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
Exhibits:
Exhibit Number
Description
Page or Method of Filing
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of U-Haul Holding Company
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2016, file no. 1-11255
3.2
U-Haul Holding Company Certificate of Designation of Series N Non-Voting Common Stock
Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on October 24, 2022, file no. 1-11255
3.3
Restated Bylaws of U-Haul Holding Company
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 5, 2013, file no. 1-11255
3.4
Articles of Conversion/Exchange/Merger
Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2022, file no. 1-11255
4.1
U-Haul Investors Club Base Indenture, dated February 14, 2011 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U. S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 22, 2011, file no. 1-11255
4.2
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated March 15, 2011, by and among U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 22, 2011, file no. 1-11255
4.3
Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated June 7, 2011 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 23, 2011, file no. 1-11255
4.4
Twelfth Supplemental Indenture dated June 14, 2011 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 23, 2011, file no. 1-11255
4.5
Eighteenth Supplemental Indenture dated January 7, 2012 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 26, 2012, file no. 1-11255
4.6
Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated April 12, 2011, by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year end March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
4.7
Twentieth Supplemental Indenture dated September 4, 2012 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 4, 2012, file no. 1-11255
4.8
Twenty-first Supplemental Indenture dated January 15, 2013 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 15, 2013, file no. 1-11255
4.9
Twenty-second Supplemental Indenture, dated May 28, 2013 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 30, 2013, file no. 1-11255
4.10
Twenty-third Supplemental Indenture, dated November 26, 2013 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 26, 2013, file no. 1-11255
4.11
Twenty-fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated April 22, 2014 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 22, 2014, file no. 1-11255
4.12
Twenty-sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated September 29, 2015 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 29, 2015, file no. 1-11255
4.13
Twenty-seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated December 15, 2015 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 15, 2015, file no. 1-11255
4.14
Twenty-eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated September 13, 2016 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 13, 2016, file no. 1-11255
4.15
Thirty-first Supplemental Indenture, dated October 24, 2017 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 25, 2017, file no. 1-11255
4.16
Amended and Restated Twenty-fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated August 28, 2018 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 28, 2018, file no. 1-11255
4.17
Thirty-fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated March 7, 2019 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 7, 2019, file no. 1-11255
4.18
Amended and Restated Thirty-third Supplemental Indenture, dated May 3, 2019 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 3, 2019, file no. 1-11255
4.19
Amended and Restated Thirty-fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated May 3, 2019 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 3, 2019, file no. 1-11255
4.20
Thirty-sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated May 3, 2019 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 3, 2019, file no. 1-11255
4.21
Thirty-seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated December 10, 2019 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 10, 2019, file no. 1-11255
4.22
Thirty-eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated February 18, 2020 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 18, 2020, file no. 1-11255
4.23
Thirty-ninth, Supplemental Indenture, dated October 20, 2020 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 20, 2020, file no. 1-11255
4.24
Forty-first Supplemental Indenture, dated April 13, 2021 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 13, 2021, file no. 1-11255
4.25
Forty-second Supplemental Indenture, dated October 12, 2021, by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 12, 2021, file no. 1-11255
4.26
Forty-fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated May 10, 2022, by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 10, 2022 file no. 1-11255
4.27
Forty-fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated July 19, 2022, by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 19, 2022, file no. 1-11255
4.28
Forty-sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated September 27, 2022, by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 27, 2022, file no. 1-11255
4.29
Series UIC-9K, 10K, 11K, 12K, 13K, 14K and 15K Amendment to the Amendment to the Amended and Restated Forty-second Supplement Indenture and Pledge and Security Agreement dated September 27, 2022 by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association as successor in interest to U. S Bank National Association, as trustee
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 27, 2022 file no. 1-11255.
4.30
Forty-seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated December 20, 2022, by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 20, 2022, file no. 1-11255
4.31
Forty-eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated February 21, 2023, by and between U-Haul Holding Company and U.S. Bank National Association
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 21, 2023, file no. 1-11255
4.32
Description of Registered Securities
Filed herewith
10.1
Management Agreement between Four SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul Holding Company
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 1997, file no. 1-11255
10.2
Management Agreement between Five SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul Holding Company
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 1999, file no. 1-11255
10.3
Property Management Agreement
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2004, file no. 1-11255
10.4
U-Haul Dealership Contract between U-Haul Leasing & Sales Co., and U-Haul Moving Partners, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004, file no. 1-11255
10.5
Property Management Agreement between Mercury Partners, LP, Mercury 99, LLC and U-Haul Self-Storage Management (WPC), Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004, file no. 1-11255
10.6
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Eight SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.7
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Nine SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.8
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Ten SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.9
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Eleven SAC Self-Storage Corporation and Eleven SAC Self-Storage Odenton, Inc. and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.10
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twelve SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.11
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Thirteen SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.12
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Fourteen SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.13
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Fifteen SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.14
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Sixteen SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.15
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Seventeen SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, file no. 1-11255
10.16
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Eighteen SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.17
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.18
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty-One SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.19
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty-Two SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.20
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty-Three SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.21
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty-Four SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.22
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty-Five SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.23
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty-Six SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.24
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Twenty-Seven SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.25
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Three-A SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2013, file no. 1-11255
10.26
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Three-B SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2013, file no. 1-11255
10.27
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Three-C SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2013, file no. 1-11255
10.28
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Three-D SAC Self-Storage Corporation and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2013, file no. 1-11255
10.29
Amended and Restated Property Management Agreement among Galaxy Storage One, LP and subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2013, file no. 1-11255
10.30
U-Haul Dealership Contract Addendum
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2012, file no. 1-11255
10.31
Loan Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2015 among U-Haul Co of Florida 8, LLC, U-Haul Co. of Florida 9, LLC, U-Haul Co. of Florida 10, UHIL 8, LLC, UHIL 9, LLC, UHIL 10, LLC, UHIL 13, LLC, AREC 8, LLC, AREC 9, LLC, AREC 10, LLC and AREC 13, LLC, each a Delaware limited liability company, collectively as Borrower, and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and JP Morgan Chase Bank, National Association, collectively as Lender
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 14, 2015, file no. 1-11255
10.32
Property Management Agreement dated December 11, 2014 between Three SAC Self-Storage Corporation and U-Haul Co. (Canada), Ltd
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016, file no. 1-11255
10.33
Property Management Agreement dated December 16, 2014 among Galaxy Storage Two, L.P. and certain subsidiaries of U-Haul Holding Company
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016, file no. 1-11255
10.34
Property Management Agreement dated June 25, 2015 among 2015 SAC Self-Storage, LLC and certain subsidiaries of U-Haul Holding Company
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016, file no. 1-11255
10.35
Property Management Agreement dated March 21, 2016 among Five SAC RW, LLC and certain subsidiaries of U-Haul Holding Company
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016, file no. 1-11255
10.36
Property Management Agreement among Six-SAC Self-Storage Corporation and certain subsidiaries of U-Haul International, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 27, 2016, file no. 1-11255
10.37
Stockholder Agreement dated September 12, 2016, between Edward J. Shoen, Mark V. Shoen, Foster Road LLC, Willow Grove Holdings LP, Blackwater Investments, Inc. and SAC Holdings Corporation
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1, filed with the Schedule 13-D/A, filed on September 12, 2016, file number 5-39669
10.38
2016 Stock Option Plan (Shelf Stock Option Plan)*
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit C to Definitive Proxy for the Special Meeting of Stockholders filed on April 20, 2016
10.39
Credit Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2017 by and among U-Haul Holding Company, as the Borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as Agent for all Lenders, and the financial institutions party thereto from to time as, Lenders.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 7, 2017, file no. 1-11255
10.40
Template Dealership Contract
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, file no. 1-11255
10.41
Amended and Restated U-Haul Holding Company Employee Savings and Profit and Sharing Plan*
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, file no. 1-11255
10.42
Amendment to the Amended and Restated U-Haul Holding Company Employee Savings and Profit and Sharing Plan*
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, file no. 1-11255
10.43
Amended and Restated U-Haul Holding Company Employee Stock Ownership Plan*
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, file no. 1-11255
10.44
Amendment to the Amended and Restated U-Haul Holding Company Employee Stock Ownership Plan*
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, file no. 1-11255
10.45
Note Purchase Agreement, dated September 29, 2021, among U-Haul Holding Company and the purchasers named therein.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.46
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.43% Senior Note, Series A due September 30, 2029
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.47
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.51% Senior Note, Series A due September 30, 2029
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.48
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.63% Senior Note, Series A due September 30, 2029
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.49
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.78% Senior Note, Series A due September 30, 2029
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 4, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.50
Note Purchase Agreement, dated December 2, 2021, among U-Haul Holding Company and the purchasers named therein
.
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 7, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.51
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.55% Senior Note, Series A due January 27, 2030
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 7, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.52
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.60% Senior Note, Series B due January 27, 2031
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 7, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.53
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.68% Senior Note, Series C due January 27, 2032
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 7, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.54
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.73% Senior Note, Series D due January 27, 2033
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 7, 2021, file no. 1-11255
10.55
Form of U-Haul Holding Company 2.88% Senior Note, Series E due January 27, 2035
Incorporated by reference to U-Haul Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 7, 2021, file no. 1-11255
Code of Ethics
Filed herewith
Subsidiaries of U-Haul Holding Company
Filed herewith
23.1
Consent of BDO USA, LLP
Filed herewith
Power of Attorney
Refer to signature page
31.1
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certificate of Edward J. Shoen, President and Chairman of the Board of U-Haul Holding Company
Filed herewith
31.2
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certificate of Jason A. Berg, Chief Financial Officer of U-Haul Holding Company
Filed herewith
32.1
Certificate of Edward J. Shoen, President and Chairman of the Board of U-Haul Holding Company pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Furnished herewith
32.2
Certificate of Jason A. Berg, Chief Financial Officer of U-Haul Holding Company pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Furnished herewith
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
Furnished herewith
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
Furnished herewith
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
Furnished herewith
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
Furnished herewith
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
Furnished herewith
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
Furnished herewith
Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)
* Indicates management plan or compensatory arrangement.