EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 706129
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 706129_10-K_2025_0000706129-25-000036.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1
Business

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
An investment in Horizon’s securities is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties related to our business. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes currently affect Horizon are described below, categorized as risks related to our business, risks related to the banking industry generally, and risks related to our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair Horizon's business operations and its financial results. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of our securities could decline significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment. As a result, before making an investment
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2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
decision, you should carefully consider these risks as well as information we include or incorporate by reference in this report and other filings we make with the SEC.
Some statements in the following risk factors constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to "Forward-Looking Statements" beginning on page 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Risks Related to Our Business
As a financial institution, we are subject to a number of risks relating to our daily business. Although we undertake a variety of efforts to manage and control those risks, many of the risks are outside of our control. Among the risks we face are the following:
•Credit Risk - the risk that loan customers or other parties will be unable to perform their contractual obligations;
•Market Risk - the risk that changes in market rates and prices will adversely affect our financial condition or results of operation;
•Liquidity Risk - the risk that Horizon or the Bank will have insufficient cash or access to cash to meet its operating needs;
•Operational Risk - the risk of financial and reputational loss resulting from fraud, inadequate or failed internal processes, cyber-security breaches, people and systems, or external events;
•Economic Risk - the risk that the economy in our markets could decline resulting in increased unemployment, decreased real estate values and increased loan charge-offs;
•Compliance Risk - the risk of additional action by our regulators or additional regulation that could hinder our ability to do business profitably;
•Legal/Regulatory Risk - the risk presented by the need to comply with all laws, rules and regulations from multiple regulatory agencies, including but not limited to the FDIC, CFPB, Indiana Department of Financial Institutions, Federal Reserve Bank and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and the Department of Labor; and
•Fiduciary Risk - the risk of failing to act in our fiduciary capacity in the best interests of the grantors and beneficiaries of trust accounts and benefit plans.
Credit Risk
Our commercial, residential mortgage and consumer loans expose us to increased credit risks.
We have a large percentage of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer loans. At December 31, 2024 $3.08 billion or 63.5% of our loan portfolio consisted of commercial loans. Commercial loans generally have greater credit risk than residential mortgage and consumer loans because repayment of these loans often depends on the successful business operations of the borrowers. At December 31, 2024 $802.9 million or 16.6% of our loan portfolio consisted of commercial real estate loans. Commercial real estate loans generally have greater risk because repayment of these loans is often dependent upon income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating costs and debt service. Both types of commercial loans also typically have much larger loan balances than residential mortgage and consumer loans. At December 31, 2024 $966.0 million or19.9% of our loan portfolio consisted of consumer loans Consumer loans generally involve greater risk than residential mortgage loans because they are unsecured or secured by assets that depreciate in value. Although we undertake a variety of underwriting, monitoring and reserving protections with respect to these types of loans, there can be no guarantee that we will not suffer unexpected losses. Residential mortgage loans and consumer loans may present increase during periods of unemployment rates and increasing interest rates, which may adversely affect the underlying real estate and other collateral values and the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans on scheduled terms. At December 31, 2024, nonperforming commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, and consumer loans totaled $26,958 and 0.6%, respectively.
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2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Our holdings of construction, land and home equity loans may pose more credit risk than other types of mortgage loans.
Construction loans, loans secured by commercial real estate and home equity loans generally entail more risk than other types of mortgage loans. When real estate values decrease, the developers to whom we lend are likely to become non-performing as developers are unable to build and sell homes in volumes large enough for orderly repayment of loans and as other owners of such real estate (including homeowners) are unable to keep up with their payments. We strive to establish what we believe are adequate reserves on our financial statements to cover the credit risk of these loan portfolios. However, there can be no assurance that losses will not exceed our reserves and ultimately result in a material level of charge-offs, which would adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and capital.
The allowance for credit losses on loans may prove inadequate or be negatively affected by credit risk exposures.
Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. We periodically review the allowance for credit losses for adequacy considering economic conditions and trends, collateral values, and credit quality indicators, including past charge-off experience and levels of past due loans and non-performing assets. There is no certainty that the allowance for credit losses will be adequate over time to cover credit losses in the portfolio because of unanticipated adverse changes in the economy, market conditions or events adversely affecting specific customers, industries or markets. If the credit quality of our customer base materially decreases, if the risk profile of a market, industry or group of customers changes materially, or if the allowance for credit losses is not adequate, our business, financial conditions, liquidity, capital, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Market Risk
Changes in interest rates could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our financial condition and results of operations are significantly affected by changes in interest rates. We can neither predict with certainty nor control changes in interest rates. These changes can occur at any time and are affected by many factors, including international, national, regional and local economic conditions, competitive and inflationary pressures and monetary policies of the Federal Reserve.
Our results of operations depend substantially on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income that we earn on our interest earning assets and the interest expense that we pay on our interest bearing liabilities. Our profitability depends on our ability to manage our assets and liabilities during periods of changing interest rates. For example, as interest rates decline, the amount of interest-earning assets expected to reprice will increase as borrowers have an economic incentive to reduce the cost of their mortgage or debt, which would negatively impact our interest income. Alternatively, as rates increase, we may have to increase the rates paid on our deposits and borrowed funds more quickly than loans and investments re-price, resulting in a negative impact on interest spreads and net interest income. The impact of rising rates could be compounded if deposit customers funds away from us into direct investments, such as U.S. Government bonds, corporate securities and other investments, including mutual funds, which, because of the absence of federal deposit insurance premiums and reserve requirements, generally pay higher rates of return than those offered by financial institutions.
We also expect that we will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities, meaning that either our interest bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest earning assets, or vice versa. In either event, if market interest rates should move contrary to our position, this “gap” will negatively impact our earnings. The impact on earnings is more adverse when the slope of the yield curve flattens, that is, when short-term interest rates increase more than long-term interest rates or when long-term interest rates decrease more than short-term interest rates.
Changes in interest rates also could affect loan volume. For instance, an increase in interest rates could cause a decrease in the demand for mortgage loans (and other loans), which could result in a significant decline in our revenues. In addition, as market interest rates rise, the value of the Company's investment
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2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
securities, particularly those that have fixed rates or longer maturities, could decrease. Increasing rates would also increase debt service requirements for some of the Bank's borrowers and may adversely affect those borrowers' ability to pay as contractually obligated and could result in additional delinquencies or charge-offs.
Conversely, should market interest rates fall below current levels, our net interest margin could also be negatively affected, as competitive pressures could keep us from further reducing rates on our deposits, and prepayments on loans may continue. Such movements may cause a decrease in our interest rate spread and net interest margin, and therefore, decrease our profitability.
We also are subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect the average life of loans and mortgage-related securities. Increases in interest rates may decrease loan demand and/or may make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans, which increases the potential for default. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on may also lead to an increase in non-performing assets and a reduction of income recognized, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Further, when we place a loan on non-accrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. At the same time, we continue to have a cost to fund the loan, which is reflected as interest expense, without any interest income to offset the associated funding expense.
Decreases in interest rates often result in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, as borrowers refinance their loans to reduce borrowing costs. Under these circumstances, we are subject to reinvestment risk to the extent that we are unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments in loans or other investments that have interest rates that are comparable to the interest rates on existing loans and securities.
We are exposed to intangible asset risk in that our goodwill may become impaired.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $165.4 million of goodwill and other intangible assets. A significant and sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization, a significant decline in our expected future cash flows, a significant adverse change in the business climate, or slower growth rates could result in impairment of goodwill. If we were to conclude that a future write-down of our goodwill is necessary, then we would record the appropriate charge, which could be materially adverse to our operating results and financial position. For further discussion, see Notes 1 and 8, “Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Our mortgage lending profitability could be significantly reduced as changes in interest rates could affect mortgage origination volume and pricing for selling mortgages on the secondary market.
Currently, we sell a substantial portion of the mortgage loans we originate. The profitability of our mortgage banking operations depends in large part upon our ability to originate and sell mortgages to the secondary market at a gain. A lower interest rate environment generally results in higher demand for mortgage products, and if demand increases, mortgage banking income will be positively impacted by more gains on sale. However, a higher interest rate environment can negatively affect the volume of loan originations and refinanced loans reducing the dollar amount of loans available to be sold to the secondary market. Higher interest rates can also negatively affect the premium received on loans sold to the secondary market as competitive pressures to originate loans can reduce pricing.
Our ability to sell mortgage loans readily is dependent upon the availability of an active secondary market for single-family mortgage loans, which in turn depends in part upon the continuation of programs currently offered by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae (the “Agencies”) and other institutional and non-institutional investors. These entities account for a substantial portion of the secondary market in residential mortgage loans. Some of the largest participants in the secondary market, including the Agencies, are government-sponsored enterprises whose activities are governed by federal law. Any future changes in laws that significantly affect the activity of such government-sponsored enterprises could, in turn, adversely affect our operations.
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Any significant impairment of our eligibility with any of the Agencies could materially and adversely affect our operations. Further, the criteria for loans to be accepted under such programs may be changed from time-to-time by the sponsoring entity which could result in a lower volume of corresponding loan originations. The profitability of participating in specific programs may vary depending on a number of factors, including our administrative costs of originating and purchasing qualifying loans and our costs of meeting such criteria.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you to resell our common stock at times or at prices you find attractive.
Although our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, our stock price constantly changes, and we expect our stock price to continue to fluctuate in the future. Our stock price is impacted by a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control.
These factors include:
•variations in our operating results or the quality of our assets;
•operating results that vary from the expectations of management, securities analysts and investors;
•increases in loan losses, non-performing loans and other real estate owned;
•changes in the U.S. corporate tax rates;
•changes in expectations as to our future financial performance;
•announcements of new products, strategic developments, new technology, acquisitions and other material events by us or our competitors;
•ability to fund Horizon's assets through core deposits and/or wholesale funding;
•the operating and securities prices performance of other companies that investors believe are comparable to us;
•our inclusion on the Russell 2000 or other indices;
•actual or anticipated sales of our equity or equity-related securities;
•our past and future dividend practice;
•our creditworthiness;
•interest rates;
•the credit, mortgage and housing markets, and the markets for securities relating to mortgage or housing;
•developments with respect to financial institutions generally; and
•economic, financial, geopolitical, regulatory, congressional or judicial events that affect us or the financial markets.
In addition, the stock market in general has experienced price and volume fluctuations. The volatility has had a significant effect on the market price of securities issued by many companies and particularly those in the financial services and banking sector, including for reasons unrelated to their operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect our stock price, notwithstanding our operating results.
The trading volume in our common stock is less than that of other larger financial institutions.
Although our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the trading volume in the common stock may be less than that of other, larger financial services companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity, and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our common stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no control. During any period of lower trading volume of our common stock, significant sales of shares of our common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause our common stock price to fall.
Liquidity Risk
We are subject to liquidity risk in our operations, which could adversely affect the ability to fund various obligations.
Liquidity risk is the possibility of being unable to meet obligations as they come due, pay deposits when withdrawn, capitalized on growth opportunities as they arise, or pay dividends because of an inability to
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2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding on a timely basis, at a reasonable cost and within acceptable risk tolerances. Liquidity is derived primarily from retail deposit growth and retention, principal and interest payments on loans and investment securities, net cash provided from operations, and access to other funding sources. Liquidity is essential to our business. We must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale or pledging as collateral of loans and other assets could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.
Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity due to a market downturn, failures of other financial institutions which reduces overall market confidence in the banking and financial services industry, or regulatory action that limits or eliminates our access to alternate funding sources. Our ability to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are nonspecific to us, such as severe disruption of the financial markets or negative expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole, as evidenced by the recent failures of certain depository institutions and the resulting market turmoil and volatility stemming from such failures.
Unrealized losses in our investment portfolio could adversely affect liquidity.
As market interest rates increased during 2022 and 2023, we have experienced increased unrealized losses within our investment portfolio. Our investment portfolio consists of obligations of the U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, obligations of state and local municipalities, U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities, private labeled mortgage-backed pools and corporate notes. Many of these instruments are particularly sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, especially long-term fixed-income securities. The unrealized losses for available for sale investments is reflected in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) on our balance sheet and reduces our book capital and tangible common equity ratio. However, unrealized losses do not affect our regulatory capital ratios.
Management continues to actively monitor the investment portfolio and does not currently anticipate the need to realize material losses from the investment portfolio, and we believe it is unlikely we would be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity. However, our access to liquidity sources could be affected by unrealized losses if securities within the investment portfolio must be sold at a loss or tangible capital ratios decline from an increase in unrealized losses or realized credit losses.
We may need to raise additional capital in the future, and such capital may not be available when needed or at all.
We may need to raise additional capital in the future to fund acquisitions and to provide us with sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments, regulatory capital requirements and business needs, particularly if our asset quality or earnings were to deteriorate significantly. Although we are currently, and have historically been, “well capitalized” for regulatory purposes, in the past we have been required to maintain increased levels of capital in connection with certain acquisitions. Additionally, we periodically explore acquisition opportunities with other financial institutions, some of which are in distressed financial condition. Any future acquisition, particularly the acquisition of a significantly troubled institution or an institution of comparable size to us, may require us to raise additional capital in order to obtain regulatory approval and/or to remain well capitalized.
Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on, among other things, conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of our control, and our financial performance. Economic conditions and the loss of confidence in financial institutions may increase our cost of funding and limit access to certain customary sources of capital, including inter-bank borrowings, repurchase agreements and borrowings from the discount window of the Federal Reserve.
We cannot guarantee that such capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Any occurrence that may limit our access to the capital markets, such as a decline in the confidence of debt purchasers, our depositors or counterparties participating in the capital markets, may adversely affect our capital costs and
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our ability to raise capital and, in turn, our liquidity. Moreover, if we need to raise capital in the future, we may have to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital and would have to compete with those institutions for investors. An inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and may restrict our ability to grow.
Operational Risk
Our internal controls may be ineffective, circumvented, or fail.
Management regularly reviews and updates our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures, failure to implement any necessary improvement of controls and procedures, or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Management regularly reviews and updates our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures, failure to implement any necessary improvement of controls and procedures, or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our information systems may experience cyber-attacks or an interruption or breach in security. Our cybersecurity systems could be inadequate or fail.
We rely heavily on internal and outsourced technologies, communications, and information systems to conduct our business. Additionally, in the normal course of business, we collect, process and retain sensitive and confidential information regarding our customers. As our reliance on technology has increased, so have the potential risks of a technology-related operational interruption (such as disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan, or other systems) or the occurrence of cyber-attacks (such as unauthorized access to our systems, computer viruses, ransom ware, or other malicious code). These risks have increased for all financial institutions as new technologies, advancement consumer applications and the increase adoption of mobile devices, have become commonly used to conduct financial and other business transactions, during a time of increased technological sophistication of organized crime, perpetrators of fraud, hackers, terrorists and others. In addition to cyber-attacks or other security breaches involving the theft of sensitive and confidential information, hackers recently have engaged in attacks against large financial institutions, particularly denial of service attacks, which are designed to disrupt key business services, such as customer-facing web sites. Although we have programs in place related to business continuity, disaster recovery and information security to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our systems, business applications and customer information, we are not able to anticipate or implement effective preventive measures against all cyber-security threats, especially because the techniques used change frequently and because attacks can originate from a wide variety of sources, both domestic and foreign.
We also face risks related to cyber-attacks and other security breaches in connection with credit card and debit card transactions that typically involve the transmission of sensitive information regarding our customers through various third parties, including merchant acquiring banks, payment processors, payment card networks and our processors. Some of these parties have in the past been the target of security breaches and cyber-attacks, and because the transactions involve third parties and environments such as the point of sale that we do not control or secure, future security breaches or cyber-attacks affecting any of these third parties could impact us through no fault of our own, and in some cases, we may have exposure and suffer losses for breaches or attacks relating to them. Further cyber-attacks or other breaches in the future, whether affecting us or others, could intensify consumer concern and regulatory focus and result in reduced use of payment cards and increased costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
To the extent we are involved in any future cyber-attacks or other breaches, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance we maintain. We could also suffer significant damage to our reputation. Although we are insured against many of these risks, including privacy breach response costs, notification expenses, breach support and credit monitoring expenses, cyber extortion and cyber terrorism, there can be no assurances that such insurance will be sufficient to cover all costs arising from a data or information technology breach and our exposure may exceed our coverage.
Acts of terrorism or war, as well as the threat of terrorism or war, may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.
Any act of terror, sustained military campaign, or war (threat of any of the foregoing) may cause general economic decline and instability, volatility and/or weakness of U.S. and global financial markets. Historically, U.S. and global markets have been adversely impacted by political and civil unrest occurring in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Russia, Venezuela and Asia. The on-going Russia and Ukraine conflict has continued to raise similar economic and financial market concerns causing uncertainty and disruption in financial markets globally and resulting in a re-ordering of certain global supply chains, particularly within the energy sector. Furthermore, such events have the potential to adversely impact the availability of commodities, commodity prices, and create global inflationary pressures.
As a result of any such events, the demand for our products and services may be significantly impacted and could influence the recognition of credit losses in our loan portfolio and increase our allowance for credit losses as both businesses and consumers are negatively impacted by such events and the economic uncertainty and volatility related thereto. They may also cause significant decreases in value in our investment portfolio, cause us to have to raise capital, or take other unforeseen actions to offset such effects.
The extent to which such actions may impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition, as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including the scope and duration of such conflicts and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response thereto. Even after such conflicts subside, the U.S. and global economies often require some time to recover, the length of which is unknown.
Any continued or further negative impact on economic conditions and global markets from these developments could adversely affect our business, financial condition and liquidity.
Pandemics, other global or regional health crises or disease outbreaks, natural disasters, global climate change, acts of terrorism and global conflicts may have a negative impact on our business.
Pandemics, other global or regional health crises or disease outbreaks, natural disasters, global climate change, acts of terrorism, global conflicts or other similar events have in the past, and may in the future have, a negative impact on our business and operations. These events impact us negatively to the extent that they result in reduced capital markets activity, lower asset price levels, or disruptions in general economic activity in the United States or abroad, or in financial market settlement functions. In addition, these or similar events may impact economic growth negatively, which could have an adverse effect on our business and operations and may have other adverse effects on us in ways that we are unable to predict.
The preparation of our financial statements requires the use of estimates that may vary from actual results.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make significant estimates that affect the financial statements. One of our most critical estimates is the level of the allowance for credit losses. Due to the inherent nature of these estimates, we cannot provide absolute assurance that we will not have to increase
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2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
the allowance for loan losses and/or sustain loan losses that are significantly higher than the provided allowance.
Our indirect lending operations are subject to a higher fraud risk than our other lending operations.
We originate auto loans through automobile dealers. Because we must rely on automobile dealers in making and documenting these loans, there is an increased risk of fraud to us on the part of the third-party originators and the underlying borrowers. In order to guard against this increased risk, we perform investigations on third parties who originate loans we purchase, and we review the loan files and loan documents we purchase to attempt to detect any irregularities or legal noncompliance. However, there is no guarantee that our procedures will detect all cases of fraud or legal noncompliance.
The adoption of artificial intelligence tools by us and our third-party vendors and service providers may increase the risk of errors, omissions, unfair treatment, or fraudulent behavior by our employees, clients, or counterparties, or other third parties.
Our adoption of artificial intelligence, including generative artificial intelligence, machine learning, and similar tools and technologies that collect, aggregate, analyze, or generate data or other materials or content (collectively, “AI”), is limited for internal currently, and we expect to continue to adopt such tools as appropriate. In addition, we expect our third-party vendors and service providers to increasingly develop and incorporate AI into their product offerings. There are significant risks involved in utilizing AI and no assurance can be provided that our or our third-party vendors’ or service providers’ use of AI will enhance our or our third-party vendors’ or service providers’ products or services or produce the intended results. The adoption and incorporation of such tools can lead to concerns around safety and soundness, fair access to financial services, fair treatment of consumers, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Such risk can result from models being poorly designed or faulty data being used, inadequate model testing or validation, narrow or limited human oversight, inadequate planning or due diligence, inappropriate or controversial data practices by developers or end-users, and other factors adversely affecting public opinion of AI and the acceptance of AI solutions. Furthermore, given the pace of rapid adoption of such tools by vendors and service providers, we may not be aware of the addition of AI solutions prior to such tools being introduced into our environment. Failure to adequately manage AI risks can result in erroneous results and decisions made by misinformation, unwanted forms of bias, unauthorized access to sensitive, confidential, proprietary, or personal information, and violations of applicable laws and regulations, leading to operational inefficiencies, competitive harm, reputational harm, ethical challenges, legal liability, losses, fines, and other adverse impacts on our business and financial results.
We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.
Third-party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure, including Internet connections, mobile and internet banking, statement processing, loan document preparation, network access and transaction and other processing services. Although we have selected these third-party vendors carefully, we do not control their actions. Any problems caused by these third parties, including as a result of inadequate or interrupted service or breach of customer information, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and otherwise to conduct our business. In addition, any breach in customer information could affect our reputation and cause legal liability and a loss of business. Replacing these third-party vendors also could result in significant delay and expense.
The loss of key members of our senior management team and our lending teams could affect our ability to operate effectively.
We depend heavily on the services of our existing senior management team to carry out our business and investment strategies. As we continue to grow and expand our business and our locations, products and services, we will increasingly need to rely on our senior management team's experience, judgment and expertise. We also depend heavily on our experienced and effective lending teams and their respective special market insights, including, for example, our agricultural lending specialists. In addition to the importance of retaining our lending team, we will also need to continue to attract and retain qualified
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2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
banking personnel at all levels. Competition for such personnel is intense in our geographic market areas. If we are unable to attract and retain an effective lending team and other talented people, our business could suffer. The loss of the services of any senior management personnel or the inability to recruit and retain qualified lending and other personnel in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Our inability to continue to process large volumes of transactions accurately could adversely impact our business and financial results.
We process large volumes of transactions on a daily basis and are exposed to numerous types of operational risk. Operational risk resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems includes the risk of fraud by persons inside or outside Horizon, the execution of unauthorized transactions by employees, errors relating to transaction processing and systems, and breaches of the internal control system and compliance requirements. This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of the operational deficiency or as a result of noncompliance with applicable regulatory standards. Accordingly, if systems of internal control should fail to work as expected, if systems are used in an unauthorized manner, or if employees subvert the system of internal controls, significant losses could result.
We establish and maintain systems of internal operational controls that are designed to provide us with timely and accurate information about our level of operational risk. While not foolproof, these systems have been designed to manage operational risk at appropriate, cost-effective levels. Procedures also exist that are designed to ensure that policies relating to conduct, ethics and business practices are followed. If these systems fail, significant losses could result.
While we continually monitor and improve the system of internal controls, data processing systems and corporate-wide processes and procedures, there can be no assurance that future losses will not occur.
Potential acquisitions may disrupt our business and dilute stockholder value.
We periodically evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities and conduct due diligence activities related to possible transactions with other financial institutions and financial service companies. We generally seek merger or acquisition partners that are culturally similar and possess either significant market presence or have potential for improved profitability through financial management, economies of scale or expanded services. Acquiring other banks, businesses, or branches involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:
•potential exposures to unknown or contingent liabilities of the target company;
•exposure to potential asset quality issues of the target company;
•potential disruption to our business;
•potential diversion of our management's time and attention away from day-to-day operations;
•the possible loss of key employees, business and customers of the target company;
•difficulty in estimating the value of the target company; and
•potential problems in integrating the target company's data processing and ancillary systems, customers and employees with ours.
As a result, merger or acquisition discussions and, in some cases, negotiations may take place and future mergers or acquisitions involving the payment of cash or the issuance of our debt or equity securities may occur at any time. Acquisitions typically involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our tangible book value and net income per common share may occur in connection with any future transaction. To the extent we were to issue additional shares of common stock in any such transaction, our current shareholders would be diluted and such an issuance may have the effect of decreasing our stock price, perhaps significantly. Furthermore, failure to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence, and/or other projected benefits from an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, merger and acquisition costs incurred by Horizon may temporarily increase operating expenses.
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Economic Risk
An economic slowdown in our primary market areas could affect our business.
Our primary market area for deposit and loans consists of northern and central Indiana and southern and central Michigan. An economic slowdown could hurt our business and the possible consequences of such a downturn could include the following:
•increases in loan delinquencies and foreclosures;
•declines in the value of real estate and other collateral securing loans;
•an increase in loans charged off;
•an increase in expense to fund loan loss reserves;
•an increase in collection costs;
•a decline in the demand for our products and services; and
•an increase in non-accrual loans and other real estate owned.
The financial services industry and broader economy may be subject to new or changing legislation, regulation, and government policy.
At this time, it is difficult to predict the legislative and regulatory changes that will result from both houses of Congress having majority memberships from the Republican Party and President Trump’s election. President Trump and certain members of Congress have advocated for the reduction of regulation of the financial services industry. The new Congress and administration may also cause broader economic changes due to their governing ideology, which differs from that of the previous Congress and administration. New appointments to the FRB could affect monetary policy and interest rates. Additionally, changes in trade and fiscal policy could affect the economy and banking industry, including our business and results of operations, in ways that are difficult to predict. Our results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in laws and regulations and in the way existing statutes and regulations are interpreted or applied by courts and government agencies.
Negative developments affecting the banking industry, and resulting media coverage, may erode customer confidence in the banking system and could have a material effect on our operations and/or stock price.
High-profile 2023 bank failures can generate significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies and, in particular, regional banks. These market developments may negatively impact customer confidence in the safety and soundness of financial institutions, as well as cause significant disruption, volatility and reduced valuations of equity and other securities of banks in the capital markets. These market developments may cause general uncertainty and concern regarding the liquidity adequacy of the banking industry and in particular, regional banks like Horizon. As a result, customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or invest in higher yielding short-term fixed income securities, all of which could materially adversely impact our liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, capital and results of operations. In connection with high-profile bank failures, uncertainty and concern may be compounded by advances in technology that increase the speed at which deposits can be moved, as well as the speed and reach of media attention, including social media, and its ability to disseminate concerns or rumors, in each case potentially exacerbating liquidity concerns. While the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve, and the FDIC may take measures to reassure depositors when bank failures occur, there is no guarantee that such actions will be successful in restoring customer confidence in regional banks and the banking system more broadly.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, mutual and hedge funds, and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default by our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized or is liquidated at prices
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
not sufficient to recover the full amount of the loan or derivative exposure due us. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations or earnings.
Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Instability in global economic conditions and geopolitical matters, as well as volatility in financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The macroeconomic environment in the United States is susceptible to global events and volatility in financial markets.
Legal/Regulatory/Compliance Risk
As a public company, we face the risk of shareholder lawsuits and other related or unrelated litigation, particularly if we experience declines in the price of our common stock. We have been named as a party to purported class action and derivative lawsuits, and we may be named in additional litigation, all of which could require significant management time and attention and result in significant legal expenses.
As described in detail below in “Item 3 - Legal Proceedings,” on April 20, 2023, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against the Company and two of its officers in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, which asserts claims under §§ 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 alleging, among other things, the Company made materially false and misleading statements and failed to disclose material adverse facts which allegedly resulted in harm to a putative class of purchasers of our securities from March 9, 2022 and March 10, 2023. Derivative lawsuits have also been filed against the Company, as nominal defendant, and two of our officers and ten of our directors arising from the same events, alleging, among other things, breach of the officers and directors' fiduciary duties. Regardless of the merits, the expense of defending such litigation may have a substantial impact if our insurance carriers fail to cover the full cost of the litigation, and the time required to defend the actions could divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows. An unfavorable outcome in such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The derivative lawsuits have been consolidated and stayed pending resolution of any motion to dismiss in the putative class action. Based on our initial review of these actions, management believes that the Company has strong defenses to the claims and intends to vigorously defend against them.
Any regulatory examination scrutiny or new regulatory requirements in the banking industry could increase the Company's expenses and affect the Company's operations.
Any increased regulatory scrutiny - in the course of routine examinations and otherwise - and new regulations directed towards banks of similar size to the Bank, designed to address any negative developments in the banking industry, a change in the regulatory priorities of the prudential bank regulators, or otherwise may increase the Company's costs of doing business and reduce its profitability. As primarily a commercial bank, the Bank has a higher percentage of uninsured deposits compared to primarily retail focused banks. As a result, the Bank could face increased scrutiny or be viewed as higher risk by regulators and the investor community.
We may be exposed to risk of environmental liabilities with respect to real property to which we take title.
In the course of our business, we may own or foreclose and take title to real estate, and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties (including liabilities for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination), or may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
We are subject to extensive regulation and changes in laws and regulatory policies could adversely affect our business.
Our operations are subject to extensive regulation by federal and state agencies. See “Regulation and Supervision” in the description of our Business in Item 1 of Part I of this report for detailed information on the laws and regulations to which we are subject. Many of these regulations are intended to protect depositors, the public or the FDIC insurance funds, not shareholders. Regulatory requirements affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and many other aspects of our business. Changes in applicable laws, regulations or regulator policies can materially affect our business. The likelihood of any major changes in the future and their effects are impossible to predict. As an example, the Bank could experience higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or by regulatory or bankruptcy court action that reduces the amount the Bank's borrowers are otherwise contractually required to pay under existing loan contracts. Also, the Bank could experience higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or regulatory action that limits its ability to foreclose on property or other collateral or makes foreclosure less economically feasible.
We face other risks from recent actions of the U.S. Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service. In November 2016, these agencies issued a Notice making captive insurance company activities “transactions of interest” due to the potential for tax avoidance or evasion. We have a captive insurance company and it is not certain at this point how the Notice may impact us on our operation of the captive insurance company as a risk management tool.
Legislation enacted in recent years, together with additional actions announced by the U.S. Treasury and other regulatory agencies, continue to develop. It is not clear at this time what impact legislation and liquidity and funding initiatives of the U.S. Treasury and other bank regulatory agencies, and additional programs that may be initiated in the future, will have on the financial markets and the financial services industry.
We may also face compliance risks arising from the new and growing body of privacy and data security laws enacted by foreign governments, such as the European Union's comprehensive 2018 General Data Privacy Regulation, and by U.S. state governments, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act that went into effect on January 1, 2020.
Digital asset trends introduce regulatory and competitive challenges.
While we do not currently offer digital asset products, such as cryptocurrencies or stablecoins, the global adoption of digital assets presents competitive and regulatory challenges. The appeal of digital assets lies in their transaction speed, cross-border capabilities, and anonymity. However, these attributes also introduce risks, including fraud, volatility, and limited but rapidly evolving regulatory oversight. As digital asset adoption grows, we must remain vigilant to market dynamics and regulatory developments. Additionally, the ability to effectively and efficiently adapt operations to meet customer demand is critical. Failure to adapt effectively could constrain our ability to invest in competitive products, hampering long-term growth and competitiveness.
Provisions in our articles of incorporation, our by-laws, and Indiana law may delay or prevent an acquisition of us by a third party.
Our articles of incorporation and by-laws and Indiana law contain provisions that have certain anti-takeover effects. While the purpose of these provisions is to strengthen the negotiating position of the board of directors in the event of a hostile takeover attempt, the overall effects of these provisions may be to render more difficult or discourage a merger, tender offer or proxy contest, the assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our shares, and the removal of incumbent directors and key management.
Our articles of incorporation provide for a staggered board, which means that only one-third of our board can be replaced by shareholders at any annual meeting. Our articles also provide that our directors may only be removed without cause by shareholders owning 70% or more of our outstanding common stock.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Our articles also preempt Indiana law with respect to business combinations with a person who acquires 10% or more of our common stock and provide that such transactions are subject to independent and super-majority shareholder approval requirements unless certain pricing and board pre-approval requirements are satisfied.
Our by-laws do not permit cumulative voting of shareholders in the election of directors, allowing the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares to control the election of all our directors, and our directors are elected by plurality voting; although, under our newly adopted Director Resignation Policy, directors not receiving a majority of the votes cast in an uncontested election are required to submit a resignation, which our Board has the discretion to accept or reject. Our by-laws also establish detailed procedures that shareholders must follow if they desire to nominate directors for election or otherwise present issues for consideration at a shareholders’ meeting.
These and other provisions of our governing documents and Indiana law are intended to provide the board of directors with the negotiating leverage to achieve a more favorable outcome for our shareholders in the event of an offer for the Company. However, there is no assurance that these same anti-takeover provisions could not have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that shareholders might believe to be in their best interests.
Fiduciary Risk
Our prior role as a trustee for employee stock ownership plans (“ESOPs”) may expose us to increased risk of litigation due to heightened scrutiny of this role by the U.S. Department of Labor and the plaintiffs' bar.
Prior to September 30, 2021, we acted as an independent trustee for corporate ESOP plans throughout the U.S. Over the last several years, the U.S. Department of Labor and the plaintiffs’ bar have been aggressively targeting ESOP trustees and transactions on a variety of fronts, including valuations and the amount that ESOP trustees pay to buy back stock from selling shareholders, as well as the indemnity agreements commonly used by ESOP companies to protect ESOP trustees from undue risk and liability exposure. In December 2021, Horizon reached a mediation settlement with the U.S. Department of Labor concerning ESOP valuations and sale transactions relating to ESOPs for which we acted as trustee. On September 30, 2021, we sold our ESOP trustee business to a third party. Despite exiting this line of business and our settlement with the U.S. Department of Labor with respect to many of our prior engagement, we may still be exposed to an increased risk of litigation from the U.S. Department of Labor and the plaintiffs’ bar for these historical activities.
General Risks
We continually encounter technological changes.
The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements, and we may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services at the same speed at which our competitors do (or not at all) or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.
We face intense competition in all phases of our business from other banks, financial institutions and non-banks.
The banking and financial services business in most of our markets is highly competitive. Our competitors include large banks, local community banks, savings and loan associations, securities and brokerage
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, finance companies, money market mutual funds, credit unions, neo-banks (a digital or mobile-only bank that exists without any physical bank branches), and other non-bank financial and digital service providers, many of which have greater financial, marketing and technological resources than we do. Many of these competitors are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions that we are and may be able to compete more effectively as a result.
Also, technology and other changes have lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for customers to complete financial transactions using neo-banks, non-banks and financial technology (“FinTech”) companies that historically have involved banks at one or both ends of the transaction. These entities now offer products and services traditionally provided by banks and often at lower costs. The wide acceptance of Internet-based commerce has resulted in a number of alternative payment processing systems, and deposit and lending platforms in which banks play only minor roles. For example, consumers can maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. Use of emerging alternative payment platforms, such as Apple Pay, Google Pay, and PayPal can alter consumer credit card behavior and consequently impact our interchange fee income.
The continuing process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” will likely result in the loss of additional fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The effects of disintermediation are also likely to continue to negatively impact the lending activities of traditional banks because of the fast growing number of FinTech companies that use software and technology to deliver mortgage lending and other financial services with fewer employees. A related risk is the migration of bank personnel away from the traditional bank environments into neo-banks, FinTech companies and other non-banks.
Increased competition in our markets may result in a decrease in the amounts of our loans and deposits, reduced spreads between loan rates and deposit rates or loan terms that are more favorable to the borrower. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our ability to maintain our earnings record, grow our loan portfolios and obtain low-cost funds. If increased competition causes us to significantly discount the interest rates we offer on loans or increase the amount we pay on deposits, our net interest income could be adversely impacted. If increased competition causes us to change our underwriting standards, we could be exposed to higher losses from lending activities. Additionally, many of our competitors are larger in total assets and capitalization and have greater access to capital markets.
Horizon is also experiencing an increase in competition to acquire other banks, due to the overall strength of financial institutions and their high capital levels. In addition, credit unions, private equity groups, and FinTech companies are now actively pursuing small bank acquisitions. Increased competition for bank acquisitions may slow Horizon’s ability to grow earning assets at comparable historical growth rates.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The main office and full service branch of Horizon and the Bank is located at 515 Franklin Street, Michigan City, Indiana. The building located across the street from the main office of Horizon and the Bank, at 502 Franklin Street, houses the credit administration, operations, purchasing, and information technology departments of the Bank. In addition to these principal facilities, the Bank has 71 sales offices located in various cities and towns in northern and central Indiana and southern and central Michigan. Horizon maintains such branches and offices as it believes are necessary for the convenience of its customers and the community, and Horizon frequently assesses the suitability of all its business locations.
Horizon owns all of its facilities except for a leased office in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Please see the Note 24 - General Litigation in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements within Item 8 of this report for information regarding Horizon’s legal proceedings.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters
Horizon common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “HBNC.”
The approximate number of holders of record of Horizon’s outstanding common stock as of March 12, 2025 was 1,272.
The Equity Compensation Plan Information table appears under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in Item 12 below and is incorporated herein by reference.
Repurchases of Securities
There were no purchases by the Company of its common stock during the fourth quarter of 2024.
Performance Graph
The SEC requires Horizon to include a line graph comparing Horizon’s cumulative five-year total shareholder returns on the common shares with market and industry returns over the past five years. S&P Global Market Intelligence prepared the following graph. The return represented in the graph assumes the investment of $100 on December 31, 2019, and further assumes reinvestment of all dividends. The Company’s common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Market on February 1, 2007, and on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on January 2, 2014. Prior to that date, the common stock was traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
December 31 December 31 December 31 December 31 December 31 December 31
Index 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Horizon Bancorp, Inc. 100.00 87.14 118.01 88.20 88.57 104.69
Russell 2000 Index 100.00 119.96 137.74 109.59 128.14 142.93
S&P U.S. SmallCap Banks Index 100.00 90.82 126.43 111.47 112.03 132.44
Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence
© 2024

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. RESERVED
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. We make statements in this section that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All of such forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by reference to the cautionary statements provided under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements” included on page 3 of this report. Furthermore, a number of known and unknown factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the following discussion. Therefore, you are encouraged to read in its entirety the information provided under the caption “Risk Factors” included under Item 1A in Part I of this report for a discussion of risk factors that may negatively impact our expected results, performance, or achievements discussed below.
Overview
Horizon is a registered bank holding company incorporated in Indiana and headquartered in Michigan City, Indiana. Horizon provides a broad range of banking services in northern and central Indiana and southern and central Michigan through its bank subsidiary, Horizon Bank. Horizon operates as a single segment, which is commercial banking. Horizon’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol HBNC. The Bank was founded in 1873 as a national association, and it remained a national association until its conversion to an Indiana commercial bank effective June 23, 2017. The Bank is a full-service commercial bank offering commercial and retail banking services, corporate and individual trust and agency services, and other services incident to banking.
Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Highlights
Fourth Quarter Highlights
•Net interest income increased for the fifth consecutive quarter to $53.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $46.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The net interest margin, on a fully taxable equivalent ("FTE") basis1, also expanded for the fifth consecutive quarter, to 2.97% compared with 2.66% for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
•As previously disclosed, the Company completed the repositioning of $332.2 million of available-for-sale securities during the fourth quarter. While the sale resulted in a pre-tax loss of $39.1 million, the Company redeployed the proceeds received into higher-yielding loans and continued to manage down higher cost funding sources.
•Total loans were $4.91 billion at December 31, 2024, up $108.6 million from September 30, 2024 balances. Consistent with the Company's stated growth strategy, the commercial portfolio showed continued organic growth momentum during the quarter, which was offset with planned run-off of lower-yielding indirect auto loans in the consumer loan portfolio. Loans held for sale (“HFS”) increased $65.5 million as a result of the Company’s transfer of its mortgage warehouse loan balances of $64.8 million at December 31, 2024.
•Total deposits declined by $126.4 million during the quarter, to $5.60 billion at period end, with the majority of the decline in time deposits, which declined by $131.5 million. The Company's non-maturity deposit base continued to display strength, growing for the third consecutive quarter, including another quarter of relatively stable non-interest bearing deposit balances and growth in core relationship consumer and commercial portfolios.
•Credit quality remained strong, with annualized net charge offs of 0.05% of average loans during the fourth quarter. Non-performing assets to total assets of 0.35% remains well within expected ranges, with no material change from the prior quarter. Provision for loan losses of $1.2 million reflects increased provision for unfunded commitments and net growth in commercial loans held for investment ("HFI"), partially offset by the elimination of the reserve associated with mortgage warehouse and the reduction of reserve related to the planned runoff of indirect auto in the current quarter, when compared with the prior quarter.
1 Non-GAAP financial metric. See non-GAAP reconciliation included herein for the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
•Continued the process for the sale of the mortgage warehouse division during the quarter. Sold the business for a gain, effective January 17th, which will be recognized in Q1 2025 results.
Full Year Highlights
•Net interest income increased to $188.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $175.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The net interest margin, on a fully taxable equivalent ("FTE")1 basis, also expanded to 2.68% compared with 2.54% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
•The increase in FTE net interest margin is mainly a result of the Company's mix shift towards higher yielding commercial loans and away from lower-yielding investment securities, which resulted in the expansion of the yield on interest-earning assets outpacing the increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The Company experienced an increase in its overall average loan balances of $438.1 million or 10.3%, from $4.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $4.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, while average balances of investment securities declined by $470.4 million, or 16.2%, $2.4 billion billion from $2.9 billion in the same period a year ago.
•As discussed above, the Company repositioned the available for sale securities during Q4 2024. The yield of the Company's investment portfolio remained consistent at 2.35% compared to year ended December 31, 2023.
•Total loans were $4.91 billion at December 31, 2024, up $495.6 million from December 31, 2023 balances, or 11% year over year. Growth was led by commercial loans, which grew by $403.2 million during the year, 15%, and residential mortgage, which grew by $129.7 million, or 20%. Consistent with it's previously stated strategic objectives, the indirect auto portfolio declined by $96.0 million, or 24% during the year.
•Credit quality remains strong, with net charge offs of 0.04% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2024. Non-performing assets to total assets of 0.35% remains well within expected ranges, with no material change from the prior year. The provision for credit losses increased by $2.9 million from prior year. This was mainly due to the 9.7% loan growth experienced during the quarter. Allowance to total loans decreased from 1.13% to 1.07% during the period.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2024 contain a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies. Certain of these policies are important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition, since they require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments, some of which may relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company considers these policies to be its critical accounting estimates. Management has identified as critical accounting estimates as the allowance for credit losses, income taxes, and valuation measurements.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses represents management’s best estimate of current expected credit losses over the life of the portfolio of loans and leases. Estimating credit losses requires judgment in determining loan specific attributes impacting the borrower’s ability to repay contractual obligations. Other factors such as economic forecasts used to determine a reasonable and supportable forecast, prepayment assumptions, the value of underlying collateral, and changes in size composition and risks within the portfolio are also considered.
The allowance for credit losses is assessed at each balance sheet date and adjustments are recorded in the provision for credit losses. The allowance is estimated based on loan level characteristics using historical loss rates, a reasonable and supportable economic forecast. Loan losses are estimated using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans, or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty such that repayment of the loan is expected to be made through the operation or sale of the collateral. Loan balances considered uncollectible are charged-off against the ACL. Assets purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) represent assets that are acquired with evidence of more than insignificant credit quality deterioration since origination at the acquisition date. At
1 Non-GAAP financial metric. See non-GAAP reconciliation included herein for the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
acquisition, the allowance for credit losses on PCD assets is booked directly to the ACL. Any subsequent changes in the ACL on PCD assets is recorded through the provision for credit losses. Management believes that the ACL is adequate to absorb the expected life of loan credit losses on the portfolio of loans and leases as of the balance sheet date. Actual losses incurred may differ materially from our estimates.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Company determines the estimated amount of expected credit extensions based on historical usage to calculate the amount of exposure for a loss estimate and has recorded an allowance.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Available for Sale Securities
For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For debt securities available for sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recorded in other comprehensive income.
Changes in the ACL are recorded as provision for, or reversal of, credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the available for sale security is confirmed to be uncollectible or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Held to Maturity Securities
For held to maturity securities, the Company conducts an assessment of its held to maturity securities at the time of purchase and on at least an annual basis to ensure such investment securities remain within appropriate levels of risk and continue to perform satisfactorily in fulfilling its obligations. The Company considers, among other factors, the nature of the securities and credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer. If available, the Company obtains a credit rating for issuers from the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) for consideration. If this assessment indicates that a material credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss.
Income Taxes
The Company is subject to the income tax laws of the U.S. its states and municipalities in which the Company operates. The tax laws are subject to potentially different interpretations by the taxpayer and the applicable taxing authorities. In determining the provision for income taxes, the Company makes judgments about the application of tax laws as well as estimates related to timing of when certain items when affect taxable income . Additionally, in the process of preparing tax returns, the Company’s management makes reasonable interpretations of the tax laws. Management’s interpretations are subject to review during examination by taxing authorities and disputes may arise over the respective tax positions.
Management reviews income tax expense and the carrying value of deferred tax assets quarterly; and as if business events or circumstances warrant. US GAAP prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not,
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those tax positions to be recognized in the financial statements.
Although the Company believes that its tax judgments, estimates, and interpretations are reasonable, actual results could differ and the Company may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. For example. Company’s effective income tax rate could be materially affected when the Company prevails in matters for which reserves have been established or when the Company is required to pay amounts in excess of reserves.
See Note 16 - Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of income taxes.
Valuation Measurements
Valuation methodologies often involve a significant degree of judgment, particularly when there are no observable active markets for the items being valued. Investment securities, mortgage derivatives, and deferred compensation plan assets and associated liabilities are carried at fair value, as defined in FASB ASC 820, which requires key judgments affecting how fair value for such assets and liabilities is determined.
Additionally, from time to time, other assets and liabilities may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans that have been measured based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, loans held-for-sale recorded at the lower of cost or market, other real estate (primarily foreclosed property), and certain other assets and liabilities. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve write-downs of individual assets or application of lower of cost or fair value accounting.
In addition, the outcomes of valuations have a direct bearing on the carrying amounts of other critical audit estimate, such as the allowance for credit losses and income tax valuation. To determine the values of these assets and liabilities, as well as the extent to which related assets may be impaired, management makes assumptions and estimates related to discount rates, asset returns, prepayment speeds and other factors. The use of different discount rates or other valuation assumptions could produce significantly different results, which could affect Horizon’s results of operations.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Results of Operations
Net Income
Consolidated net income was $35.4 million, or $0.80 per diluted share, in 2024, $28.0 million or $0.64 per diluted share in 2023, and $93.4 million or $2.14 per diluted share in 2022. The increase in net income from the previous year reflects an increase of total interest income of $44.2 million and a decrease in income tax expense of $19.1 million, offset by increases in interest expense of $31.3 million, increases in non-interest expense of $12.6 million, and increase in credit loss expense of $2.9 million.
Net Interest Income
The largest component of income is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income, principally from loans and investment securities, and interest expense, principally on deposits and borrowings. Changes in the net interest income are the result of changes in volume and the net interest spread which affects the net interest margin. Volume refers to the average dollar levels of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. Net interest spread refers to the difference between the average yield on interest earning assets and the average cost of interest bearing liabilities. Net interest margin refers to net interest income divided by average interest earning assets and is influenced by the level and relative mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.
Net interest income was $188.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $175.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, driven by strong expansion of the Company's net FTE interest margin1, while average interest earning assets increased by $75.7 million, or 1.04% from the prior year. Horizon’s net FTE interest margin was 2.68% for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2.54% for the year ended December 31, 2023, attributable to the favorable volume and mix shift in average interest earning assets toward higher-yielding loans outpacing the increase in rates on average deposits driven by disciplined pricing strategies on both sides of the balance sheet.
1 Non-GAAP financial metric. See non-GAAP reconciliation included herein for the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
The following table presents the average balances of our assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity, and the related weighted average yields and rates on our interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities for the periods indicated.
Years Ended
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Average
Balance Interest Avg
Rate Average
Balance Interest Avg
Rate Average
Balance Interest Avg
Rate
Assets
Interest earning assets
Interest-bearing deposits in banks $ 187,262 $ 9,680 5.17 % $ 95,795 $ 4,967 5.19 % $ 75,807 $ 306 0.40 %
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 49,879 5,430 10.89 % 33,312 2,250 6.75 % 25,899 1,034 3.99 %
Investment securities - taxable 1,290,190 24,865 1.93 % 1,658,160 32,160 1.94 % 1,700,418 32,168 1.89 %
Investment securities - non-taxable(1)
1,134,198 32,201 2.84 % 1,236,607 35,929 2.91 % 1,356,045 36,741 2.71 %
Loans receivable(2)(3)(4)
4,682,978 292,485 6.25 % 4,244,893 245,594 5.79 % 3,845,137 174,184 4.53 %
Total interest earning assets(1)
7,344,507 364,661 4.97 % 7,268,767 320,900 4.41 % 7,003,306 244,433 3.49 %
Non-interest earning assets
Cash and due from banks 102,581 102,535 99,885
Allowance for loan losses (51,282) (49,774) (52,606)
Other assets 433,752 548,100 483,330
Total average assets $ 7,829,558 $ 7,869,628 $ 7,533,915
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Interest bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing demand deposits $ 1,672,181 $ 27,504 1.64 % $ 1,749,674 $ 22,083 1.26 % $ 1,971,567 $ 5,460 0.28 %
Savings and money market deposits 1,693,394 39,581 2.34 % 1,597,732 24,230 1.52 % 1,750,544 4,868 0.28 %
Time deposits 1,165,349 47,957 4.12 % 1,151,182 39,544 3.44 % 791,557 7,481 0.95 %
Borrowings 1,166,145 42,059 3.61 % 1,154,714 39,514 3.42 % 696,584 11,938 1.71 %
Repurchase agreements 119,605 2,871 2.40 % 137,153 2,964 2.16 % 141,048 527 0.37 %
Subordinated notes 55,651 3,319 5.96 % 58,764 3,511 5.97 % 58,819 3,522 5.99 %
Junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts 57,362 4,588 8.00 % 57,137 4,715 8.25 % 56,899 2,719 4.78 %
Total interest bearing liabilities 5,929,687 167,879 2.83 % 5,906,356 136,561 2.31 % 5,467,018 36,515 0.67 %
Non-interest bearing liabilities
Demand deposits 1,085,195 1,181,233 1,332,937
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities 76,883 75,765 50,330
Stockholders’ equity 737,793 706,274 683,630
Total average liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 7,829,558 $ 7,869,628 $ 7,533,915
Net FTE interest income (Non-GAAP) and spread (5)
$ 196,782 2.13 % $ 184,339 2.10 % $ 207,918 2.81 %
Less FTE adjustments (4)
$ 8,178 $ 8,595 $ 8,400
Net Interest Income $ 188,604 $ 175,744 $ 199,518
Net FTE interest margin (Non-GAAP) (4)(5)
2.68 % 2.54 % 2.97 %
(1) Securities balances represent daily average balances for the fair value of securities. The average rate is calculated based on the daily average balance for the amortized cost of securities.
(2) Includes fees on loans held for sale and held for investment. The inclusion of loan fees does not have a material effect on the average interest rate.
(3) Non-accruing loans for the purpose of the computation above are included in the daily average loan amounts outstanding. Loan totals are shown net of unearned income and deferred loan fees.
(4) Management believes fully taxable equivalent, or FTE, interest income is useful to investors in evaluating the Company's performance as a comparison of the returns between a tax-free investment and a taxable alternative. The Company adjusts interest income and average rates for tax-exempt loans and securities to an FTE basis utilizing a 21% tax rate.
(5) Non-GAAP financial metric. See non-GAAP reconciliation included herein for the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
(6) Includes dividend income on Federal Home Loan Bank stock
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
The following table illustrates the impact of changes in the volume of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and interest rates on net interest income for the periods indicated. The changes in net income due to changes in both average volume and average interest rate have been allocated to the average volume change or the average interest rate change in proportion to the absolute amounts of the change in each.
2024 - 2023 2023 - 2022
Total
Change Change
Due to Volume Change
Due To
Rate Total
Change Change
Due to Volume Change
Due To
Rate
Interest Income
Interest-bearing deposits in banks $ 4,713 $ 4,729 $ (16) $ 4,661 $ 102 $ 4,559
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 3,180 1,426 1,754 1,216 356 860
Investment securities - taxable (7,295) (7,093) (202) (8) (809) 801
Investment securities - non-taxable (3,728) (2,922) (806) (812) (3,364) 2,552
Loans receivable 46,891 26,485 20,406 71,410 19,478 51,932
Total interest income 43,761 22,625 21,136 76,467 15,763 60,704
Interest Expense
Interest-bearing demand deposits 5,421 (1,016) 6,437 16,623 (682) 17,305
Savings and money market savings deposits 15,351 1,529 13,822 19,362 (461) 19,823
Time deposits 8,413 493 7,920 32,063 4,716 27,347
Borrowings 2,545 394 2,151 27,576 10,962 16,614
Repurchase agreements (93) (402) 309 2,437 (15) 2,452
Subordinated notes (192) (186) (6) (11) (3) (8)
Junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts (127) 19 (146) 1,996 11 1,985
Total interest expense 31,318 831 30,487 100,046 14,528 85,518
Net FTE interest income (Non-GAAP) 12,443 21,794 (9,351) (23,579) 1,235 (24,814)
Less change in FTE adjustments (417) 195
Net Interest Income $ 12,860 $ (23,774)
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Non-Interest Income
December 31, 2024 - 2023 2023 - 2022
Change Change
(Dollars in Thousands) 2024 2023 2022 $ % $ %
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 12,940 $ 12,227 $ 11,598 $ 713 5.8 % $ 629 5.4 %
Wire transfer fees 461 448 595 13 2.9 % (147) (24.7) %
Interchange fees 13,799 12,861 12,402 938 7.3 % 459 3.7 %
Fiduciary activities 5,394 5,080 5,381 314 6.2 % (301) (5.6) %
Gains (losses) on sale of investment securities (39,140) (32,052) - (7,088) 22.1 % (32,052) 100.0 %
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 4,215 4,323 7,165 (108) (2.5) % (2,842) (39.7) %
Mortgage servicing income net of impairment 1,677 2,708 4,800 (1,031) (38.1) % (2,092) (43.6) %
Increase in cash value of bank owned life insurance 1,300 3,709 2,594 (2,409) (65.0) % 1,115 43.0 %
Death benefit on bank owned life insurance - - 644 - - % (644) (100.0) %
Other income 2,325 2,694 2,272 (369) (13.7) % 422 18.6 %
Total non-interest income $ 2,971 $ 11,998 $ 47,451 $ (9,027) (75.2) % $ (35,453) (74.7) %
Total non-interest income decreased $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The primary components of the change were as follows:
Loss on sale of investment securities increased by $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The Company elected to sell certain lower yielding investment securities during Q4 2024.
Cash value of bank owned life insurance decreased $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023. The declines were due to the surrender of several policies during the fourth quarter of 2023.
Mortgage servicing income decreased $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the same periods in 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by higher levels of amortization expense of mortgage servicing rights in the current period.
These decreases were partially offset by increases in service charges on deposit accounts of $713 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily as a result of higher transaction-based fee activity in the current period, as well as an increase in interchange fees of $938 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to same period in 2023, primarily as a result of increased volumes in debit card activity and reduced merchant processing expenses.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Non-Interest Expense
December 31, 2024 - 2023 2023 - 2022
Change Change
(Dollars in Thousands) 2024 2023 2022 $ % $ %
Non-interest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits $ 88,244 $ 80,809 $ 80,283 $ 7,435 9.2 % $ 526 0.7 %
Net occupancy expenses 13,376 13,355 13,323 21 0.2 % 32 0.2 %
Data processing 10,861 11,626 10,567 (765) (6.6) % 1,059 10.0 %
Professional fees 2,733 2,645 1,843 88 3.3 % 802 43.5 %
Outside services and consultants 14,564 9,942 10,850 4,622 46.5 % (908) (8.4) %
Loan expense 4,076 4,980 5,411 (904) (18.2) % (431) (8.0) %
FDIC insurance expense 5,032 3,880 2,558 1,152 29.7 % 1,322 51.7 %
Core deposit intangible amortization 3,403 3,612 3,702 (209) (5.8) % (90) (2.4) %
Other losses 1,199 1,051 1,046 148 14.1 % 5 0.5 %
Other expense 15,348 14,384 13,618 964 6.7 % 766 5.6 %
Total non-interest expense $ 158,836 $ 146,284 $ 143,201 $ 12,552 8.6 % $ 3,083 2.2 %
Non-interest expense increased $12.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily the result of higher expenses related to salaries and employee benefits, outside services and consultants, and FDIC insurance expense, which was partially mitigated by lower loan and data processing expenses.
Salaries and employee benefits expense increased by $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023, partially attributable to ongoing hiring efforts in revenue generating roles in commercial lending, equipment finance and treasury management. In addition, the current period was unfavorably impacted by an expenses related to the termination of legacy benefits and compensation programs and additional performance based compensation expense relative to the prior periods.
Outside services and consultant expense increased by $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023, primarily related to strategic initiatives undertaken during the year.
FDIC insurance expense increased by $1.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ago period. The increase in the period related to higher incurred assessment rates.
Other expenses, which includes corporate and other service expenses, increased by $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023.
Loan expense decreased by $904 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024 when compared to the same
period in 2023. This is primarily due to decreases in credit monitoring expenses. This is partially offset by increases in expenses related to repossessed assets.
Data processing expense decreased by $765 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily a result of reduction in 3rd party vendor expenses, consistent with strategic initiatives undertaken by the Company.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Liability for Unfunded Lending Commitments
December 31, December 31,
2024 2023
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Balance at beginning of period $ 50,029 $ 50,464
Provision for credit losses on loans 3,854 2,090
Net loan (charge-offs) recoveries:
Commercial 199 (944)
Residential Real estate 28 33
Mortgage warehouse - -
Consumer (2,130) (1,614)
Total net loan charge-offs (1,903) (2,525)
Balance at end of period $ 51,980 $ 50,029
Liability for Unfunded Lending Commitments
Balance at beginning of period 615 403
Provision (reversal) for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments 1,534 212
Balance at end of period $ 2,149 $ 615
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Liability for Unfunded Lending Commitments $ 54,129 $ 50,644
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded credit loss expense of $5.4 million. This compares to a provision for credit losses of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in the provision is primary attributable to the increase in the provision for unfunded commitments and net loan growth experienced in the commercial and real estate portfolio segment.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the loan portfolio excluding loans held for sale increased by $429.4 million, or 9.7%. The loan growth experienced was mainly attributable to increased focus on the commercial and real estate portfolio segment. The commercial and real estate loan portfolio segments grew by $403.2 million, or 15.1% and $76.7 million, or 10.6%, respectively. The growth is partially offset by the transfer of the mortgage warehouse portfolio to held-for-sale and the runoff of the consumer indirect auto portfolio.
For the year ended, the allowance for credit losses included net charge offs of $1.9 million, or 0.04% of average loans outstanding, compared to net charge-offs of $2.5 million, or 0.05% of average loans outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company’s allowance for credit losses as a percentage of period-end loans HFI was 1.07% at December 31, 2024, compared to 1.13% at December 31, 2023. Horizon assesses the adequacy of its Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) by regularly reviewing the performance of its loan portfolio against various economic backdrops, which periodically change.
The liability for unfunded lending commitments was $2.1 million at December 31, 2024, an increase from $1.5 million. This is primarily attributable to net increases in the volume of unfunded commitments during 2024, and is consistent with the loan growth experienced during the period.
Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $(8.08) million compared to an expense of $11.02 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in effective tax rates of (29.5)% and 28.3%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate during the year was primarily attributable to the reduction of the Company's pre-tax income and release of the previously established valuation allowance in 2024, which
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
resulted in a tax benefit of $5.2 million in the current period, compared with the establishment of the tax valuation allowance and tax expenses related to the termination of bank owned life insurance policies in 2023 that did not recur in 2024. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company completed an analysis and determined they qualified to make a specific tax election related to one of their subsidiaries. Pursuant to the election, a method change was filed for income tax purposes with the completion of the 2023 tax returns that resulted in a release of the valuation allowance previously recorded at December 31, 2023 as part of the current year evaluation of the realizability of the deferred tax assets.
December 31 2024 - 2023
Change 2023 - 2022
Change
For the year ended 2024 2023 2022 $ % $ %
Income tax expense
Currently payable
Federal $ 8,558 $ 14,980 $ 9,111 (6,422) (42.9) % 5,869 64.4 %
State 363 (640) 888 1,003 (156.7) % (1,528) (172.1) %
Deferred
Federal (15,528) (3,393) 2,208 (12,135) 357.6 % (5,601) (253.7) %
State (1,472) 71 (31) (1,543) (2173.2) % 102 (329.0) %
Total income tax expense $ (8,079) $ 11,018 $ 12,176 (19,097) (173.3) % (1,158) (9.5) %
Reconciliation of federal statutory to actual tax expense
Federal statutory income tax at 21% $ 5,743 $ 8,190 $ 22,173 (2,447) (29.9) % (13,983) (63.1) %
Tax exempt interest (6,427) (6,777) (6,623) 350 (5.2) % (154) 2.3 %
Tax exempt BOLI income (273) (779) (746) 506 (65.0) % (33) 4.4 %
Stock compensation 150 (88) (232) 238 (270.5) % 144 (62.1) %
Revaluation of deferred tax assets (5,201) 5,201 - (10,402) (200.0) % 5,201 - %
Other tax exempt income - (371) (454) 371 (100.0) % 83 (18.3) %
State tax (1,185) 142 676 (1,327) (934.5) % (534) (79.0) %
Tax credit investments (1,290) (2,976) (2,774) 1,686 (56.7) % (202) 7.3 %
BOLI redemption ordinary income - 5,316 - (5,316) (100.0) % 5,316 - %
BOLI redemption excise - 2,532 - (2,532) (100.0) % 2,532 - %
Nondeductible and other 404 628 156 (224) (35.7) % 472 302.6 %
Actual tax expense $ (8,079) $ 11,018 $ 12,176 (19,097) (173.3) % (1,158) (9.5) %
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Financial Condition
Horizon’s total assets were $7.8 billion as of December 31, 2024, a decrease of $139.3 million from December 31, 2023. The decrease in total assets was primarily due to a decrease in investment securities of $391.5 million, due to the repositioning of about $325 million of available-for-sale securities in the fourth quarter of 2024, and interest-bearing deposits of $212.4 million, partially offset by an increase in loans, net of allowance for credit losses, of $427.5 million and in loans held for sale of $66.2 million.
Investment Securities
Investment securities carrying values totaled $2.1 billion at December 31, 2024, and consisted of Treasury and federal agency securities of $280.2 million (13.3%); state and municipal securities of $1.3 billion (59.5%); U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities of $364.3 million (17.3%); private labeled mortgage-backed pools of $29.3 million (1.4%); and corporate securities of $177.1 million (8.4%).
As indicated above, 17.3% of the investment portfolio consists of U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities. These instruments are secured by residential mortgages of varying maturities. Principal and interest payments are received monthly as the underlying mortgages are repaid. These payments also include prepayments of mortgage balances as borrowers either sell their homes or refinance their mortgages. Therefore, mortgage-backed securities have maturities that are stated in terms of average life. The average life is the average amount of time that each dollar of principal is expected to be outstanding. As of December 31, 2024, the mortgage-backed securities in the investment portfolio had an average duration of just over 8 years. Securities that have interest rates above current market rates are purchased at a premium.
Municipal securities are priced by a third party using a pricing grid which estimates prices based on recent sales of similar securities. All municipal securities are investment grade or local non-rated issuers. A credit review is performed annually on the municipal securities portfolio.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, 11% and 22%, respectively, of investment securities were classified as available for sale. Securities classified as available for sale are carried at their fair value, with both unrealized gains and losses recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, a component of stockholders’ equity. Net unrealized losses on these securities totaled $48.3 million, which resulted in a balance of $38.2 million, net of tax, included in stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2024. This compared to net unrealized loss on securities which totaled $69.0 million, net of tax, included in stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2023. Based on current market conditions, the Company intends to hold its available-for-sale securities in unrealized loss positions through the anticipated recovery period.
The following is a schedule of maturities of each categories of available for sale and held to maturity debt securities and the related weighted-average yield of such securities as of December 31, 2024:
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
One Year
or Less After One Year
Through Five Years After Five Years
Through Ten Years After Ten Years
(dollars in thousands) Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield
Available for sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies(1)
$ - - % $ - - % $ 289 2.56 % $ 1,513 1.89 %
State and municipal - - % - - % 126,127 2.67 % 75,706 2.43 %
US government agency mortgage-backed securities - - % 300 2.99 % - - % 14,242 2.03 %
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools(2)
- - % - - % - - % - - %
Corporate notes - - % - - % 15,499 4.09 % - - %
Total available for sale - - % 300 2.99 % 141,915 2.83 % 91,461 2.36 %
Held to maturity
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies(1)
37,483 1.50 % 62,144 1.72 % 83,668 2.48 % 55,836 2.96 %
State and municipal 20,822 3.20 % 120,632 3.29 % 184,022 3.31 % 541,230 3.41 %
US government agency mortgage-backed securities 1,890 2.49 % 39,229 1.66 % 85,484 1.91 % 168,219 2.15 %
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools(2)
- - % - - 25,320 2.65 %
Corporate notes - - % 95,232 2.82 % 45,059 4.28 % - - %
Total held to maturity 60,195 2.12 % 317,237 2.64 % 398,233 2.95 % 790,605 3.09 %
Total investment securities $ 60,195 2.12 % $ 317,537 2.64 % $ 540,148 2.91 % $ 882,066 3.01 %
(1) Fair value is based on contractual maturity or call date where a call option exists
(2) Maturity based upon final maturity date
The weighted-average interest rates are based on coupon rates for securities purchased at par value an on effective interest rates considering amortization or accretion if the securities were purchased at a premium or discount. Yields on tax-exempt securities have been computed on a tax-equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 21%.
As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank system, Horizon is required to maintain an investment in the common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank. The investment in common stock is based on a predetermined formula. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, Horizon had investments in the common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank totaling $53.8 million and $34.5 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2024, Horizon did not maintain a trading account.
For more information about securities, see Note 3 - Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements at Item 8.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Total Loans, HFI
Total loans held for investment, net of deferred fees/costs, the principal earning asset of the Bank, were $4.8 billion at December 31, 2024. The current level of total loans increased 9.7% from the December 31, 2023, level of $4.4 billion primarily due to an increase in commercial and residential mortgage loans, offset by a decrease in consumer, residential construction and mortgage warehouse loans during the year. The table below provides comparative detail on the loan categories.
December 31, December 31, Dollar Percent
2024 2023 Change Change
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 667,165 $ 640,731 $ 26,434 4.1 %
Non-owner occupied real estate 1,501,456 1,273,838 227,618 17.9 %
Residential spec homes 15,611 13,489 2,122 15.7 %
Development & spec land 18,627 34,039 (15,412) (45.3) %
Commercial and industrial 875,297 712,863 162,434 22.8 %
Total commercial 3,078,156 2,674,960 403,196 15.1 %
Real estate
Residential mortgage 783,961 654,295 129,666 19.8 %
Residential construction 18,948 26,841 (7,893) (29.4) %
Mortgage warehouse - 45,078 (45,078) (100.0) %
Total real estate 802,909 726,214 76,695 10.6 %
Consumer
Installment 97,190 52,366 44,824 85.6 %
Indirect auto 303,901 399,946 (96,045) (24.0) %
Home equity 564,884 564,144 740 0.1 %
Total consumer 965,975 1,016,456 (50,481) (5.0) %
Total loans HFI 4,847,040 4,417,630 429,410 9.7 %
Allowance for loan losses (51,980) (50,029) (1,951) 3.9 %
Loans HFI, net $ 4,795,060 $ 4,367,601 $ 427,459 9.8 %
The acceptance and management of credit risk is an integral part of the Bank’s business as a financial intermediary. The Bank has established underwriting standards including a policy that monitors the lending function through strict administrative and reporting requirements as well as an internal loan review of commercial, residential real estate and consumer loans. The Bank also uses an independent third-party loan review function that regularly reviews asset quality.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Changes in the mix of the loans HFI portfolio averages are shown in the following table.
December 31, December 31,
2024 2023
Commercial $ 2,811,689 $ 2,498,453
Real estate 784,043 675,520
Mortgage warehouse 61,219 54,798
Consumer 1,022,619 1,011,166
Total average loans HFI $ 4,679,570 $ 4,239,937
Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans HFI to Changes in Interest Rates
The following table presents the maturity distribution based on payment due dates of our loan portfolio as December 31, 2024. The table also presents the portion of loans that have fixed interest rates or variable interest rates that fluctuate over the life of the loans in accordance with changes in an interest rate index as well as a breakdown of floating rate loans.
Due in
One Year
or Less After One,
but Within
Five Years After Five,
but Within
Fifteen Years After
Fifteen Years Total
Commercial $ 439,618 $ 1,422,575 $ 1,095,011 $ 120,952 $ 3,078,156
Real estate 791 9,349 45,341 747,427 802,908
Consumer 13,029 281,896 178,441 492,610 965,976
Total $ 453,438 $ 1,713,820 $ 1,318,793 $ 1,360,989 $ 4,847,040
Loans with fixed interest rates:
Commercial $ 139,217 $ 918,940 $ 387,664 $ 53,610 $ 1,499,431
Real estate 780 8,690 26,058 487,369 522,897
Consumer 8,619 265,255 168,268 26,540 468,682
Total $ 148,616 $ 1,192,885 $ 581,990 $ 567,519 $ 2,491,010
Loans with variable interest rates:
Commercial $ 300,401 $ 503,636 $ 707,346 $ 67,342 $ 1,578,725
Real estate 11 659 19,283 260,058 280,011
Consumer 4,411 16,640 10,173 466,070 497,294
Total $ 304,823 $ 520,935 $ 736,802 $ 793,470 $ 2,356,030
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Commercial Loans HFI
Commercial loans totaled $3.08 billion, or 63.5% of total loans as of December 31, 2024, compared to $2.67 billion, or 60.6% as of December 31, 2023. The increase during 2024 was due to growth in all types of commercial loans.
Commercial loans consisted of the following types of loans at December 31:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Number Amount Percent of
Portfolio Number Amount Percent of
Portfolio
SBA guaranteed 284 $ 74,342 2 % 258 $ 54,806 2.0 %
Municipal government 104 126,488 4 % 69 101,676 3.8 %
Lines of credit 1,512 665,981 22 % 1,467 590,943 22.1 %
Real estate and equipment 4,767 2,211,345 72 % 5,313 1,927,535 72.1 %
Total 6,667 $ 3,078,156 100 % 7,107 $ 2,674,960 100.0 %
At December 31, 2024, the commercial loan portfolio held $355.6 million of adjustable rate loans that had interest rate floors in the terms of the note. Of the commercial loans with interest rate floors, loans totaling $39.3 million were at their floor at December 31, 2024.
The Bank's commercial loan portfolio consists generally of approximately 28% commercial and industrial loans and approximately 72% commercial real estate loans. Commercial loans are originated in the primary geographic markets of Indiana and Michigan.
Commercial and industrial loans typically are comprised of loans to finance working capital, equipment and titled vehicles. The top five segments with the commercial and industrial portfolio as of December 31, 2024 as a percentage of total commercial loans were finance and insurance; construction; manufacturing; health care and education; and individuals and other services, with the highest concentration in health care and education at approximately 15% of total commercial loans.
Owner occupied real estate loans are comprised of loans secured by the real estate for the business operator's facilities such as their office, warehouse, manufacturing facility or medical offices. The top five segments within the owner occupied real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2024 as a percentage of total commercial loans were health care and education; individuals and other services; real estate rental and leasing; retail trade; and manufacturing with the highest concentration in health care and education at approximately 22% of total commercial loans.
Non-owner occupied real estate loans are categorized as loans reliant on the leasing and/or operation of the underlying real estate for repayment. The top five segments within the non-owner occupied real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2024 as a percentage of total commercial loans were lessor's of multi-family; warehouse and industrial; retail; hospitality; and non-medical offices with the highest concentration in lessor's of multi-family at approximately 19% of total commercial loans.
Management actively monitors commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans by NAICS code, geography and real estate sector. Commercial real estate loans are managed to internal portfolio limits for certain real estate categories, as well as regulatory concentration limits based on Tier 1 capital plus allowance for credit losses, percent of portfolio and comparison to peer data. The Bank also utilizes external data sources to monitor commercial real estate segment and market trends.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Residential Real Estate Loans
Residential real estate loans totaled $802.9 million, or 16.6% of total loans as of December 31, 2024, compared to $681.1 million, or 15.4% of total loans as of December 31, 2023. This category consists of home mortgages that generally require a loan to value of no more than 80%. Some special guaranteed or insured real estate loan programs do permit a higher loan to collateral value ratio. The increase during 2024 was primarily due to jumbo fixed rate loan growth that are held on the balance sheet, as variable rate loans remained flat during the year.
In addition to the customary real estate loans described above, the Bank also had outstanding on December 31, 2024, $470.8 million in revolving home equity lines of credit compared to $478.7 million at December 31, 2023. Credit lines normally limit the loan to collateral value to no more than 89%. Home equity credit lines are primarily not combined with a first mortgage and are therefore evaluated in the allowance for loan losses as a separate pool. These loans are classified as consumer loans in the Loans table above and in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements at Item 8.
Residential real estate lending is a highly competitive business. As of December 31, 2024, the real estate loan portfolio reflected a wide range of interest rates and repayment patterns, but could generally be categorized as follows:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Amount Percent of
Portfolio Yield Amount Percent of
Portfolio Yield
Fixed rate
Monthly payment $ 525,682 65.7 % 4.94 % $ 402,038 59.0 % 4.06 %
Biweekly payment 2 - % - % - - % - %
Adjustable rate
Monthly payment 274,453 34.3 % 5.40 % 279,098 41.0 % 4.98 %
Subtotal 800,137 100.0 % 5.10 % 681,136 100.0 % 4.44 %
Loans held for sale (1)
2,772 1,418
Total real estate loans $ 802,909 $ 682,554
(1) Loans held for sale excludes mortgage warehouse loans reclassified during Q4 2024. See Note 1 for more details
In addition to the real estate loan portfolio, the Bank originates and sells real estate loans and retains the servicing rights. During 2024 and 2023, approximately $129.7 million and $142.8 million, respectively, of residential mortgages were sold into the secondary market. Loans serviced for others are not included in the consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of loans serviced for others totaled approximately$1.4 billion and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The aggregate fair value of capitalized mortgage servicing rights at December 31, 2024, totaled approximately $19.8 million compared to the carrying value of $18.2 million. Comparable market values and a valuation model that calculates the present value of future cash flows were used to estimate fair value. For purposes of measuring impairment, risk characteristics including loan term, rate type and investor type, were used to stratify the originated mortgage servicing rights.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
December 31, December 31, December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Mortgage servicing rights
Balances, January 1 $ 18,807 $ 18,619 $ 17,780
Servicing rights capitalized 1,359 1,220 3,184
Amortization of servicing rights (1,971) (1,032) (2,345)
Balances, December 31 18,195 18,807 18,619
Impairment allowance
Balances, January 1 - - (2,594)
Additions - - -
Reductions - - 2,594
Balances, December 31 - - -
Mortgage servicing rights, net $ 18,195 $ 18,807 $ 18,619
Mortgage Warehouse Loans
Horizon’s mortgage warehousing lending has specific mortgage companies as customers of Horizon Bank. Individual mortgage loans originated by these mortgage companies are funded as a secured borrowing with a pledge of collateral under Horizon’s agreement with the mortgage company. Each mortgage loan funded by Horizon undergoes an underwriting review by Horizon to the end investor guidelines and is assigned to Horizon until the loan is sold to the secondary market by the mortgage company.
At December 31, 2024, the mortgage warehouse loan balance was $64.8 million compared to $45.1 million as of December 31, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company elected to transfer its mortgage warehouse loan portfolio at the lower of unamortized cost or fair market value to loans held for sale from the held for investment loan portfolio. On January 17, 2025, the Company completed the sale of its mortgage warehouse loan portfolio to an unrelated third party.
Consumer Loans
Consumer loans totaled $1.0 billion, or 19.9% of total loans as of December 31, 2024, compared to $1.0 billion, or 23.0% as of December 31, 2023. The decrease during 2024 was due to portfolio runoff within the Company's indirect auto portfolio that more than offset new originations. This decrease was partially offset by increases in the Company's installment portfolio.
Credit Quality
Non-Performing Assets
Non-performing loans are defined as loans that are greater than 90 days delinquent or have had the accrual of interest discontinued by management. From time to time, the Bank obtains information which may lead management to believe that the collection of payments may be doubtful on a particular loan. In recognition of such, it is management's policy to convert the loan from an “earning asset” to a non-accruing loan. Further, it is management's policy to place a commercial loan on non-accrual status when delinquent in excess of 90 days or management has determined that the borrower's ability to continue to make payments is in doubt. The officer responsible for the loan, Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Banking Officer, Senior Vice President Commercial Credit Officer and the Vice President Senior Commercial Workout Manager review all loans placed on
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
non-accrual status. Management continues to work diligently toward returning non-performing loans to an earning asset basis. The following table represents credit quality within the portfolio for 2024 and 2023:
(Dollars in Thousands, except Ratios)
December 31,
2024 2023
Non-accrual loans
Commercial 5,658 $ 7,362
Residential Real estate 11,215 8,058
Mortgage warehouse - -
Consumer 8,919 4,290
Total non-accrual loans $ 25,792 $ 19,710
90 days and greater delinquent - accruing interest 1,166 559
Total non-performing loans $ 26,958 $ 20,269
Other real estate owned
Commercial 407 $ 1,124
Residential Real estate - 182
Mortgage warehouse - -
Consumer 17 205
Total other real estate owned $ 424 $ 1,511
Total non-performing assets $ 27,382 $ 21,780
Net charge-offs (recoveries)
Commercial (199) 944
Residential Real estate (28) (33)
Mortgage warehouse - -
Consumer 2,130 1,614
Total net charge-offs $ 1,903 $ 2,525
Allowance for credit losses
Commercial 30,953 29,736
Residential Real estate 2,715 2,503
Mortgage warehouse - 481
Consumer 18,312 17,309
Total allowance for credit losses $ 51,980 $ 50,029
Credit quality ratios
Non-accrual loans to HFI loans 0.53 % 0.45 %
Non-performing assets to total assets 0.35 % 0.27 %
Net charge-offs of average total loans 0.04 % 0.07 %
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans 192.82 % 246.83 %
Non-performing loans totaled 51.9% and 40.5% of the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2024 and 2023. respectively. Non-performing loans at December 31, 2024 totaled $27.0 million, an increase from $20.3 million as of December 31, 2023. The level of non-performing loans in 2024 remained consistent when compared to prior years.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans was 0.56% as of December 31, 2024, an increase from 0.46% as of December 31, 2023.
Non-Accrual Loans Percent of Non-Accrual Loans in Each Category to Total Loans Total Loans
December 31, 2024
Commercial $ 5,658 0.18 % $ 3,078,156
Real estate 11,215 1.40 % 802,909
Mortgage warehouse - 0.00 % -
Consumer 8,919 0.92 % 965,975
Total $ 25,792 0.53 % $ 4,847,040
Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 51,980
Ratio of allowance for credit losses on loans to non-performing loans 49.62 %
December 31, 2023
Commercial $ 7,362 0.28 % $ 2,674,960
Real estate 8,058 1.18 % 681,136
Mortgage warehouse - 0.00 % 45,078
Consumer 4,849 0.48 % 1,016,456
Total $ 20,269 0.46 % $ 4,417,630
Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 50,029
Ratio of allowance for credit losses on loans to non-performing loans 40.51 %
Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) totaled $0.4 million on December 31, 2024, a decrease of $0.8 million from December 31, 2023. On December 31, 2024, OREO was comprised of two properties, both of which properties were bank owned.
No mortgage warehouse loans were non-performing or OREO as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Allowance and Provision for Credit Losses
The table below provides an allocation of the year-end allowance for credit losses on loans by loan portfolio segment; however, allocation of a portion of the allowance to one segment does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other segments.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Amount of Allowance Allocated Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans Total Loans Ratio of Allowance Allocated to Loans in Each Category
December 31, 2024
Commercial $ 30,953 63.5 % $ 3,078,156 1.01 %
Real estate 2,715 16.6 % 802,909 0.34 %
Mortgage warehouse - - % - - %
Consumer 18,312 19.9 % 965,975 1.90 %
Total $ 51,980 100.0 % $ 4,847,040 1.07 %
December 31, 2023
Commercial $ 29,736 60.6 % $ 2,674,960 1.11 %
Real estate 2,503 15.4 % 681,136 0.37 %
Mortgage warehouse 481 1.0 % 45,078 1.07 %
Consumer 17,309 23.0 % 1,016,456 1.70 %
Total $ 50,029 100.0 % $ 4,417,630 1.13 %
At December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses was $52.0 million, or 1.07% of total loans outstanding, compared to $50.0 million, or 1.13%, at December 31, 2023. During 2024, a provision for credit losses on loans was recorded totaling $5.4 million compared to $2.5 million in 2023.
Horizon assesses the adequacy of its Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) by regularly reviewing the performance of all of its loan portfolios. As a result of its quarterly reviews, a provision for credit losses is determined to bring the total ACL to a level called for by the analysis. Horizon's reserve includes allocations for potential future loan losses related to economic factors and the nature and characteristics of its loan portfolios.
No assurance can be given that Horizon will not, in any particular period, sustain loan losses that are significant in relation to the amount reserved, or that subsequent evaluations of the loan portfolio, in light of factors then prevailing, including economic conditions and management’s ongoing quarterly assessments of the portfolio, will not require increases in the allowance for credit losses. Horizon considers the allowance for credit losses to be adequate to cover losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2024.
The following table presents information regarding the net charge-offs to average amount of loans outstanding by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries Average Loans Outstanding Net (Charge-offs)/ Recoveries to Average Loans Outstanding
December 31, 2024
Commercial $ 199 2,811,689 0.01 %
Real estate 28 784,043 0.00 %
Mortgage warehouse - 61,219 0.00 %
Consumer (2,130) 1,022,619 (0.21) %
Total $ (1,903) $ 4,679,570 (0.04) %
December 31, 2023
Commercial $ (944) 2,498,453 (0.04) %
Real estate 33 675,520 0.00 %
Mortgage warehouse - 54,798 0.00 %
Consumer (1,614) 1,011,166 (0.16) %
Total $ (2,525) $ 4,239,937 (0.06) %
December 31, 2022
Commercial $ (680) 2,280,553 (0.03) %
Real estate 53 621,163 0.01 %
Mortgage warehouse - 89,409 0.00 %
Consumer (976) 850,667 (0.11) %
Total $ (1,603) $ 3,841,792 (0.04) %
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Deferred Tax
Horizon had a net deferred tax asset totaling $49.9 million as of December 31, 2024 and a net deferred tax asset of $33.5 million as of December 31, 2023. The following table shows the major components of deferred tax:
December 31, December 31,
2024 2023
Assets
Allowance for credit losses $ 12,590 $ 12,546
Net operating loss and tax credits 10,805 9,592
Director and employee benefits 3,334 2,471
Unrealized loss on AFS securities and cash flow hedge 29,355 17,706
Basis in partnership equity investments 1,940 1,322
Capital loss carryover - 5,201
Fair value adjustment on acquisitions 883 -
Other 2,938 2,856
Total assets 61,845 51,694
Liabilities
Depreciation (4,061) (4,512)
State tax - (253)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends (353) (365)
Difference in basis of intangible assets (6,553) (4,545)
Fair value adjustment on acquisitions - (2,142)
Other (1,003) (1,131)
Total liabilities (11,970) (12,948)
Valuation allowance - (5,201)
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) $ 49,875 $ 33,545
Deposits
The primary source of funds for the Bank comes from the acceptance of demand and time deposits. However, at times the Bank will use its ability to borrow funds from the Federal Home Loan Bank and other sources when it can do so at interest rates and terms that are more favorable than those required for deposited funds or loan demand is greater than the ability to grow deposits. Total deposits were $5.6 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $5.7 billion at December 31, 2023.
Average deposits and rates by category for the three years ended December 31 are as follows:
Average Balance Outstanding for the Average Rate Paid for the
Years Ended December 31 Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
Non-interest bearing demand deposits $ 1,085,195 $ 1,181,233 $ 1,332,937
Interest bearing demand deposits 1,672,181 1,749,674 1,971,567 1.64 % 1.26 % 0.28 %
Savings deposits 755,856 841,644 940,499 0.91 % 0.61 % 0.13 %
Money market 937,538 756,092 810,083 3.49 % 2.52 % 0.45 %
Time deposits 1,165,349 1,151,178 791,519 4.12 % 3.44 % 0.95 %
Total deposits $ 5,616,119 $ 5,679,821 $ 5,846,605
The $63.7 million decrease in average deposits during 2024 was primarily due to the increase in rates during 2023 creating a competitive deposit environment and management's decision to strategically exit some higher-cost non-
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
relationship accounts, in addition to deposits leaving the banking system for alternative investment options. The transactional accounts average balances, as the lower cost funding sources, decreased $77.9 million and the average balances for higher cost time deposits increased $14.2 million. Horizon continually enhances its interest bearing consumer and commercial demand deposit products based on local market conditions and its need for funding to support various types of assets.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $2.5 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, of our deposit portfolio was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for Horizon Bank's regulatory reporting requirements. Included in amounts as of December 31, 2024 were $1.0 billion of public deposits insured through the State of Indiana’s Public Deposit Insurance Fund. Deposits that were not insured by the FDIC or State of Indiana's Public Deposit Insurance Fund represented 28% of total deposits as of December 31, 2024.
Certificates and other time deposits for both retail and brokered maturing in years ending December 31, 2024 are as follows:
Retail Brokered Total
2025 $ 924,549 $ 99,509 $ 1,024,058
2026 33,733 15,023 48,756
2027 9,165 - 9,165
2028 2,826 - 2,826
2029 4,329 - 4,329
Thereafter 19 - 19
$ 974,621 $ 114,532 $ 1,089,153
Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more, which are considered to be rate sensitive and are not considered a part of core deposits, mature as follows as of December 31, 2024:
Due in three months or less $ 291,732
Due after three months through six months 139,080
Due after six months through one year 82,233
Due after one year 36,316
$ 549,361
Interest expense on time certificates of $250,000 or more was approximately $22.7 million, $16.7 million and $4.2 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2024, Horizon did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, change in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors. The term “off-balance sheet arrangement” generally means any transaction, agreement, or other contractual arrangement to which an entity unconsolidated with the Company is a party and under which the Company has (i) any obligation arising under a guarantee contract, derivative instrument or variable interest; or (ii) a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to such entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support for such assets.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Liquidity & Capital Resources
Capital Resources
Stockholders’ equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends, and changes in the unrealized holding gains or losses, net of taxes, on available-for-sale investment securities.
Stockholders’ equity increased $44.8 million, or 6.2%, to $763.6 million as of December 31, 2024 from $718.8 million as of December 31, 2023, due to changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities and retention of earnings, which is primarily offset by cash dividend payments on outstanding common stock.
On December 17, 2024, the Company approved a dividend of $0.16 per share, payable on January 17, 2025 to stockholders of record on January 3, 2025.
On July 16, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized a stock repurchase program for up to 2,250,000 shares of Horizon’s issued and outstanding common stock, no par value. As of December 31, 2024, Horizon had repurchased a total of 803,349 shares at an average price per share of $16.89. The Company did not repurchase outstanding common shares during 2024.
As a bank holding company, the Company must comply with the capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve, and our subsidiary Bank must comply with the capital requirements established by the FDIC. The current risk-based guidelines applicable to us and our Bank are based on the Basel III framework, as implemented by the federal bank regulators. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had capital levels that, in all cases, exceeded the guidelines to be deemed “well-capitalized.”
For additional information regarding our capital levels, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-Regulatory Capital,” included in Part IV, Item 15 of this report.
Liquidity
The Bank maintains a stable base of core deposits provided by long standing relationships with consumers and local businesses. These deposits are the principal source of liquidity for Horizon. Other sources of liquidity for Horizon include earnings, loan repayments, investment security sales, cash flows and maturities, sale of real estate loans and borrowing relationships with correspondent banks, including the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). At December 31, 2024, Horizon had available approximately $1.7 billion in available credit from the FHLB, FRB Discount Window and various money center banks. The following factors could impact Horizon’s funding needs in the future:
◦Horizon had outstanding borrowings of approximately $1.1 billion with the FHLB and total borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $1.6 billion. Generally, the loan terms from the FHLB are better than the terms Horizon can receive from other sources, making it less expensive to borrow money from the FHLB. Financial difficulties at the FHLB could reduce or eliminate Horizon’s additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB or the FHLB could change collateral requirements, which could lower the Company’s borrowing availability.
◦Horizon had a total of $190.0 million of unused Federal Fund lines from various money center banks. These are uncommitted lines and could be withdrawn at any time by the correspondent banks.
◦Horizon had a total of $800.8 million of available collateral at the FRB secured by securities. These securities may mature, call, or be sold, which would reduce the available collateral.
◦Horizon had approximately $38.4 million of unpledged investment securities at December 31, 2024.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
◦A downgrade in Horizon’s ability to obtain credit due to factors such as deterioration in asset quality, a large charge to earnings, a decline in profitability or other financial measures, or a significant merger or acquisition could impact the availability of funding sources.
◦An act of terrorism or war, natural disasters, political events, or the default or bankruptcy of a major corporation, mutual fund, hedge fund or a government agency could affect the cost and availability of funding sources.
◦Market speculation or rumors about Horizon or the banking industry in general may adversely affect the cost and availability of normal funding sources.
If any of these events occur, they could force Horizon to borrow money from other sources including negotiable certificates of deposit. Such other monies may only be available at higher interest rates and on less advantageous terms, which will impact our net income and could impact our ability to grow. Management believes Horizon has adequate funding sources to meet short and long term needs.
Horizon maintains a liquidity contingency plan that outlines the process for addressing a liquidity crisis. The plan provides for an evaluation of funding sources under various market conditions. It also assigns specific roles and responsibilities for effectively managing liquidity through a problem period.
During 2024, cash flows were generated primarily from the proceeds from borrowings totaling $512.8 million, the sales, maturities, and principal repayments of investment securities of $88.4 million. Cash flows were primarily used to purchase investments totaling $0.3 million, to purchase loans totaling $240.0 million, an increase in net loans of $217.1 million, a decrease in deposits of $64.2 million and the repayment of borrowings totaling $563.5 million. The net cash and cash equivalent position decreased by $233.1 million during 2024.
At December 31, 2024, the Bank had $1.0 billion in commitments to extend credit outstanding, excluding interest rate lock commitments for residential mortgage loans intended for sale in the secondary market that meet the definition of a derivative. Time deposits due within one year of December 31, 2024 totaled $1.0 billion, or 94.0% of time deposits. If these maturing time deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including other certificates of deposit and borrowings. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or other borrowings than we currently pay on the time deposits due on or before December 31, 2024. We believe, however, based on past experience that a significant portion of our time deposits will remain with us. We have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP, this document refers to non-GAAP financial measures, which Horizon believes are helpful to investors and provide a greater understanding of our business and financial results without the impact of items or events that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These measures are not necessarily comparable to similar measures that may be presented by other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP measure. See the tables and other information below and contained elsewhere in this document for reconciliations of the non-GAAP information identified herein and its most comparable GAAP measures.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Net Fully-Taxable Equivalent ("FTE") Interest Margin
(Dollars in Thousands, Unaudited)
December 31, December 31, December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Interest income (GAAP) (A) $ 356,483 $ 312,305 $ 236,033
Taxable-equivalent adjustment:
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)
$ 6,762 $ 7,545 $ 7,716
Loan receivable (2)
$ 1,416 $ 1,050 $ 684
FTE Interest income (non-GAAP) (B) $ 364,661 $ 320,900 $ 244,433
Interest expense (GAAP) (C) $ 167,879 $ 136,561 $ 36,515
Net interest income (GAAP) (D) =(A) - (C) $ 188,604 $ 175,744 $ 199,518
Net FTE interest income (non-GAAP) (E) = (B) - (C) $ 196,782 $ 184,339 $ 207,918
Average interest earning assets (F) 7,344,507 7,268,767 7,003,306
Net FTE interest margin (non-GAAP) (G) = (E) / (F) 2.68 % 2.54 % 2.97 %
(1) The following represents municipal securities interest income for investment securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity
(2) The following represents municipal loan interest income for loan receivables classified as held for sale and held for investment
(3) Management believes fully taxable equivalent, or FTE, interest income is useful to investors in evaluating the Company's performance as a comparison of the returns between a tax-free investment and a taxable alternative. The Company adjusts interest income for tax-exempt loans and securities to an FTE basis utilizing a 21% tax rate
Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Return on Average Tangible Common Equity
(Dollars in Thousands, Unaudited)
Year Ended
December 31, December 31, December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net income (loss) (GAAP) (A) $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Average stockholders' equity (B) $ 737,793 $ 706,274 $ 683,630
Average intangible assets (C) 167,238 170,745 174,003
Average tangible equity (Non-GAAP) (D) = (B) - (C) $ 570,555 $ 535,529 $ 509,627
Return on average tangible common equity ("ROACE") (non-GAAP) (E) = (A) / (D) 6.21 % 5.22 % 18.33 %
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets
(Dollars in Thousands, Unaudited)
Year Ended
December 31, December 31, December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Total stockholders' equity (GAAP) (A) $ 763,582 $ 718,812 $ 677,375
Intangible assets (end of period) (B) 165,434 168,837 172,450
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (C) = (A) - (B) $ 598,148 $ 549,975 $ 504,925
Total assets (GAAP) (D) 7,801,146 7,940,485 7,872,518
Intangible assets (end of period) (B) 165,434 168,837 172,450
Total tangible assets (non-GAAP) (E) = (D) - (B) $ 7,635,712 $ 7,771,648 $ 7,700,068
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (Non-GAAP) (G) = (C) / (E) 7.83 % 7.08 % 6.56 %
Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Tangible Book Value Per Share
(Dollars in Thousands, Unaudited)
Year Ended
December 31, December 31, December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Total stockholders' equity (GAAP) (A) $ 763,582 $ 718,812 $ 677,375
Intangible assets (end of period) (B) 165,434 168,837 172,450
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (C) = (A) - (B) $ 598,148 $ 549,975 $ 504,925
Common shares outstanding (D) 43,722,086 43,652,063 43,574,151
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP) (E) = (C) / (D) $ 13.68 $ 12.60 $ 11.59
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company's primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The Company's business and the composition of our balance sheet consists of investments in interest earning assets (principally loans and investment securities) which are primarily funded by interest bearing liabilities (deposits and debt). Such financial instruments have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in market interest rates such as the level of interest rates, changes in interest rates, the speed of changes in interest rates, and changes in the volume and composition of interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Interest rate risk results when, due to different maturity dates and repricing intervals, interest rate indices for interest earning assets fluctuate adversely relative to interest bearing liabilities, thereby creating a risk of decreased net earnings and cash flow.
Although the Company characterizes some of the interest-sensitive assets as securities available-for-sale, such securities are not purchased with the intent to sell in the near term. Rather, such securities may be sold in response to or in anticipation of changes in interest rates and resulting prepayment risk. The Company does not have any trading instruments nor do we classify any portion of the investment portfolio as trading. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in Part IV, Item 15 of this report.
Asset Liability Management
The goal of asset liability management is the prudent control of market risk, liquidity, and capital. Asset liability management is governed by policies, goals, and objectives adopted and reviewed by the Bank’s board of directors. Development of asset liability management strategies and monitoring of interest rate risk are the responsibility of the Asset Liability Committee, or ALCO, which is composed of members of senior management.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of loss of future earnings or long-term value due to changes in interest rates. The Company's primary source of earnings is net interest income, which is affected by the level of interest rates, changes in interest rates, the speed of changes in interest rates, the relationship between rates on interest-bearing assets and liabilities, the impact of interest rate fluctuations on asset prepayments, and the mix of interest-bearing assets and liabilities.
The ability to optimize net interest income is largely dependent upon the achievement of an interest rate spread that can be managed during periods of fluctuating interest rates. Interest sensitivity is a measure of the extent to which net interest income will be affected by market interest rates over a period of time.
Net Interest Income Sensitivity
The Company believes net interest income sensitivity provides the best perspective of how day-to-day decisions affect our interest rate risk profile. Net interest income sensitivity is monitored by utilizing an income simulation model to subject 12- and 24- month net interest income to various rate movements. Simulations modeled quarterly include scenarios where market rates change instantaneously up or down in a parallel or non-parallel manner. Estimates produced by our income simulation model are based on numerous assumptions including, but not limited to: (1) the timing of changes in interest rates, (2) shifts or rotations in the yield curve, (3) repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments, (4) differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices, (5) varying loan prepayment speeds for different interest rate scenarios, (6) the effect of interest rate limitations in our assets, such as caps and floors, and (7) overall growth and repayment rates and product mix of assets and liabilities. Because of limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulation results are not intended as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results, but rather to provide insight into our current interest rate exposure and execute appropriate asset/liability management strategies accordingly.
The following table presents the net interest income simulation model’s projected change in net interest income over a one-year horizon due to a change in interest rates. The net interest income simulation assumes parallel shifts in the yield curve and a static balance sheet. The net interest income simulation also uses a “deposit beta” modeling assumption which is an estimate of the change in interest-bearing deposit pricing for a given change in market interest rates. In up-rate scenarios, the deposit beta assumption is 15% with the pricing change occurring in the first month of the net interest income simulation horizon. In down-rate scenarios, the deposit beta assumption is 80% with the pricing change occurring in the first month of the net interest income simulation horizon. Actual changes to
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Table dollars in thousands except per share data)
deposit pricing may vary significantly from this assumption due to management actions, customer behavior, and market forces, which may have significant impacts to our net interest income. As shown below, the model output would indicate that as of December 31, 2024, the Company's interest-bearing liabilities are projected to reprice at a faster pace than interest-earning assets for the next 100 basis points of declining interest rates.
December 31, 2024
$ Change in Net Interest Income % Change in Net Interest Income
200 basis points rising $ (18,859) (8.0) %
100 basis points rising $ (9,274) (3.9) %
100 basis points falling $ 5,779 2.5 %
200 basis points falling (1,424) (0.6) %
The preceding interest rate sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 686)
Management’s Report on Financial Statements
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands)
December 31
2024 December 31
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 92,300 $ 112,772
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 201,131 413,528
Federal funds sold - 215
Total cash and cash equivalents 293,431 526,515
Interest earning time deposits 735 2,205
Investment securities, available for sale 233,677 547,251
Investment securities, held to maturity (fair value of $1,566,268 and $1,668,758)
1,867,690 1,945,638
Loans held for sale 67,597 1,418
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $51,980 and $50,029
4,795,060 4,367,601
Premises and equipment, net 93,864 94,583
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 53,826 34,509
Goodwill 155,211 155,211
Other intangible assets 10,223 13,626
Interest receivable 39,747 38,710
Cash value of life insurance 37,450 36,157
Other assets 152,635 177,061
Total assets $ 7,801,146 $ 7,940,485
Liabilities
Deposits
Non-interest bearing $ 1,064,818 $ 1,116,005
Interest bearing 4,535,834 4,548,888
Total deposits 5,600,652 5,664,893
Short and long-term borrowings 1,232,252 1,353,050
Subordinated notes 55,738 55,543
Junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts 57,477 57,258
Interest payable 11,137 22,249
Other liabilities 80,308 68,680
Total liabilities 7,037,564 7,221,673
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, Authorized, 1,000,000 shares, Issued 0 shares
- -
Common stock, no par value, Authorized 99,000,000 shares
44,226,819 and 44,106,174 shares issued at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
- -
Additional paid-in capital 363,761 356,400
Retained earnings 436,122 429,021
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (36,301) (66,609)
Total stockholders’ equity 763,582 718,812
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 7,801,146 $ 7,940,485
See notes to consolidated financial statements
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
Year Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans $ 291,069 $ 244,544 $ 173,500
Investment securities - taxable 30,295 34,410 33,202
Investment securities - tax exempt 25,439 28,384 29,025
Other 9,680 4,967 306
Total interest income 356,483 312,305 236,033
Interest Expense
Deposits 115,042 85,857 17,809
Short and long-term borrowings 44,930 42,478 12,465
Subordinated notes 3,319 3,511 3,522
Junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts 4,588 4,715 2,719
Total interest expense 167,879 136,561 36,515
Net Interest Income 188,604 175,744 199,518
Credit loss expense (recovery) 5,389 2,459 (1,816)
Net Interest Income after Credit Loss Expense (Recovery) 183,215 173,285 201,334
Non-interest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts 12,940 12,227 11,598
Wire transfer fees 461 448 595
Interchange fees 13,799 12,861 12,402
Fiduciary activities 5,394 5,080 5,381
Gains (losses) on sale of investment securities (39,140) (32,052) -
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 4,215 4,323 7,165
Mortgage servicing income, net 1,677 2,708 4,800
Increase in cash value of bank owned life insurance 1,300 3,709 2,594
Death benefit on bank owned life insurance - - 644
Other income 2,325 2,694 2,272
Total non-interest income 2,971 11,998 47,451
Non-interest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits 88,244 80,809 80,283
Net occupancy expenses 13,376 13,355 13,323
Data processing 10,861 11,626 10,567
Professional fees 2,733 2,645 1,843
Outside services and consultants 14,564 9,942 10,850
Loan expense 4,076 4,980 5,411
FDIC insurance expense 5,032 3,880 2,558
Core deposit intangible amortization 3,403 3,612 3,702
Other losses 1,199 1,051 1,046
Other expense 15,348 14,384 13,618
Total non-interest expense 158,836 146,284 143,201
Income Before Income Taxes 27,350 38,999 105,584
Income tax (benefit) expense (8,079) 11,018 12,176
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Basic Earnings Per Share $ 0.81 $ 0.64 $ 2.14
Diluted Earnings Per Share 0.80 0.64 2.14
See notes to consolidated financial statements
Horizon Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands)
Year Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Net Income $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments:
Change in fair value of derivative instruments for the period - (523) 5,649
Reclassification adjustment for swap termination (gains) realized in income - (1,453) -
Income tax effect - 415 (1,186)
Changes from derivative instruments - (1,561) 4,463
Change in securities:
Unrealized gain (loss) for the period on AFS securities (120) 20,728 (147,345)
Reclassification of securities from available for sale to held to maturity - - (794)
Amortization from transfer of securities from available for sale to held to maturity securities (657) (691) (1,236)
Reclassification adjustment for securities (gains) losses realized in income 39,140 32,052 -
Income tax effect (8,055) (10,939) 31,369
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities 30,308 41,150 (118,006)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax 30,308 39,589 (113,543)
Comprehensive Income $ 65,737 $ 67,570 $ (20,135)
See notes to consolidated financial statements
Horizon Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
Preferred
Stock Common
Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital Retained
Earnings Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Total
Balances, January 1, 2022 $ - $ - $ 352,122 $ 363,742 $ 7,345 $ 723,209
Net income - - - 93,408 - 93,408
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax - - - - (113,543) (113,543)
Amortization of unearned compensation - - 2,462 - - 2,462
Exercise of stock options - - 145 - - 145
Stock option expense - - 13 - - 13
Stock awards vested - - (1,824) - - (1,824)
Repurchase of outstanding common stock - - - - - -
Stock retirement plans - - 1,270 - - 1,270
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.63 per share)
- - - (27,765) - (27,765)
Balances, December 31, 2022 $ - $ - $ 354,188 $ 429,385 $ (106,198) $ 677,375
Net income - - - 27,981 - 27,981
Other comprehensive income, net of tax - - - - 39,589 39,589
Amortization of unearned compensation - - 3,586 - - 3,586
Exercise of stock options - - - - - -
Stock option expense - - - - - -
Net settlement of share awards - - (1,221) - - (1,221)
Stock retirement plans - - (153) - - (153)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.64 per share)
- - - (28,345) - (28,345)
Balances, December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ 356,400 $ 429,021 $ (66,609) $ 718,812
Net income - - - 35,429 - 35,429
Other comprehensive income, net of tax - - - - 30,308 30,308
Amortization of unearned compensation - - 4,586 - - 4,586
Net settlement of share awards - - (1,371) - - (1,371)
Stock retirement plans - - 4,146 - - 4,146
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.64 per share)
- - - (28,328) - (28,328)
Balances, December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ 363,761 $ 436,122 $ (36,301) $ 763,582
See notes to consolidated financial statements
Horizon Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands)
Year Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Operating Activities
Net income $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Items not requiring (providing) cash
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses 5,389 2,459 (1,816)
Depreciation and amortization 10,331 10,938 10,754
Share based compensation 4,586 3,586 2,475
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights 1,971 1,032 2,345
Impairment (recovery) of mortgage servicing rights - - (2,594)
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities 8,407 10,069 12,148
Deferred income taxes (17,000) (3,322) 2,177
(Gain) loss on sale of investment securities 39,140 32,052 -
Gain on sale of mortgage loans (4,215) (4,323) (7,165)
Proceeds from sales of loans 435,522 145,922 225,928
Loans originated for sale (499,688) (138,430) (215,174)
Gain on cash value life insurance (1,300) (3,709) (2,594)
Gain on other real estate owned (450) (300) (722)
Net change in:
Interest receivable (1,037) (3,416) (9,157)
Interest payable (11,112) 16,869 3,145
Other assets (9,698) 13,199 (13,964)
Other liabilities 10,093 (21,671) (4,814)
Net cash provided by operating activities 6,368 88,936 94,380
Investing Activities
Purchases of securities available for sale - (1,525) (180,198)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale 293,138 439,285 -
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments of securities available for sale 16,712 29,408 69,113
Purchases of securities held to maturity (312) (10,141) (430,457)
Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity 71,649 80,201 72,968
Net change in interest earning time deposits 1,470 607 1,970
Purchase of FHLB stock (19,317) (7,832) (2,435)
Redemption of FHLB stock - - 198
Purchase of loans (240,020) (124,946) (55,195)
Net change in loans (217,055) (140,510) (448,284)
Proceeds on the sale of OREO and repossessed assets 2,000 2,981 5,263
Premises and equipment expenditures (5,084) (7,775) (6,429)
Purchases of bank owned life insurance - - (50,000)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance 44,043 69,765 3,554
Net cash received in branch acquisition - - -
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (52,776) 329,518 (1,019,932)
Financing Activities
Net change in deposits (64,241) (192,881) 54,783
Proceeds from borrowings 512,759 866,099 1,178,746
Repayment of borrowings (563,523) (654,157) (755,608)
Net change in repurchase agreements (46,118) (1,841) 7,072
Net settlement of share awards (1,371) (1,221) (1,824)
Proceeds from sale of SERP shares 4,146 - -
Exercise of stock options - - 145
Repurchase of outstanding stock - - -
Repayment of subordinated notes - (3,132) -
Dividends paid on common stock (28,328) (28,311) (27,765)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (186,676) (15,444) 455,549
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents (233,084) 403,010 (470,003)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period 526,515 123,505 593,508
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period $ 293,431 $ 526,515 $ 123,505
Additional Supplemental Information
Interest paid $ 178,891 $ 119,692 $ 33,370
Income taxes paid 10,710 2,137 802
Transfer of loans to other real estate and repossessed assets 2,690 3,299 2,009
Transfer of loans held for investment to loans held for sale 87,638
Transfer of premises to other real estate - - 1,479
Transfer of available for sale securities to held to maturity securities - - 120,881
Redemption of cash value of life insurance, not settled - 43,962 -
Cash dividends declared, not paid 7,081 7,156 7,122
Qualified affordable housing investments obtained in exchange for funding commitments - 14,491 -
See notes to consolidated financial statements
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Note 1 - Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business - The consolidated financial statements of Horizon Bancorp, Inc. (“Horizon”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Horizon Bank (“Bank”) together referred to as “Horizon,” conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reporting practices followed by the banking industry.
The Bank is a full-service commercial bank offering a broad range of commercial and retail banking and other services incident to banking along with a trust department that offers corporate and individual trust and agency services and investment management services. The Bank maintains 71 full service offices. The Bank has wholly owned direct and indirect subsidiaries: Horizon Investments, Inc. (“Horizon Investments”), Horizon Properties, Inc. (“Horizon Properties”), Horizon Insurance Services, Inc. (“Horizon Insurance”) and Horizon Grantor Trust. Horizon Investments manages the investment portfolio of the Bank. Horizon Properties manages the real estate investment trust. Horizon Insurance is used by the Company’s Wealth Management to sell certain insurance products. Horizon Grantor Trust holds title to certain company owned life insurance policies. Horizon conducts no business except that incident to its ownership of the subsidiaries.
Horizon formed Horizon Bancorp Capital Trust II in 2004 (“Trust II”) and Horizon Bancorp Capital Trust III in 2006 (“Trust III”) for the purpose of participating in pooled trust preferred securities offerings. The Company assumed additional debentures as the result of the following acquisitions: Alliance Financial Corporation in 2005, which formed Alliance Financial Statutory Trust I (“Alliance Trust”); American Trust & Savings Bank in 2010, which formed Am Tru Statutory Trust I (“Am Tru Trust”); Heartland Bancshares, Inc. in 2013, which formed Heartland (IN) Statutory Trust II (“Heartland Trust”); LaPorte Bancorp, Inc. in 2016, which had acquired City Savings Statutory Trust I (“City Savings Trust”); and Salin Bancshares, Inc. in 2019, which formed Salin Statutory Trust I (“Salin Trust”). See Note 13 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion regarding these previously consolidated entities that are now reported separately. The business of Horizon is not seasonal to any material degree.
Basis of Reporting - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Horizon and subsidiaries. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for credit losses and the fair values of financial instruments are particularly subject to change.
Business Combinations - Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The accounts of an acquired entity are included as of the date of acquisition, and any excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is capitalized as goodwill. Horizon typically issues Common Stock and/or pays cash for an acquisition, depending on the terms of the acquisition agreement. The value of Common Stock issued is determined based on the market price of the stock as of the closing of the acquisition. Acquisition costs are expensed when incurred.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents includes cash, deposits with other financial institutions with original maturities under 90 days, and federal funds sold.
Fair Value Measurements - Horizon uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments, to certain assets, and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Horizon has adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures for all applicable financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities. This accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance applies only when other guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value; it does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
As defined in codification, fair value is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. It represents an exit price at the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers, who are independent, knowledgeable, and willing and able to transact in the principal (or most advantageous) market for the asset or liability being measured. Current market conditions, including imbalances between supply and demand, are considered in determining fair value. Horizon values its assets and liabilities in the principal market where it sells the particular asset or transfers the liability with the greatest volume and level of activity. In the absence of a principal market, the valuation is based on the most advantageous market for the asset or liability (i.e., the market where the asset could be sold or the liability transferred at a price that maximizes the amount to be received for the asset or minimizes the amount to be paid to transfer the liability).
In measuring the fair value of an asset, Horizon assumes the highest and best use of the asset by a market participant to maximize the value of the asset, and does not consider the intended use of the asset.
When measuring the fair value of a liability, Horizon assumes that the nonperformance risk associated with the liability is the same before and after the transfer. Nonperformance risk is the risk that an obligation will not be satisfied and encompasses not only Horizon’s own credit risk (i.e., the risk that Horizon will fail to meet its obligation), but also other risks such as settlement risk. Horizon considers the effect of its own credit risk on the fair value for any period in which fair value is measured.
There are three acceptable valuation techniques that can be used to measure fair value: the market approach, the income approach and the cost approach. Selection of the appropriate technique for valuing a particular asset or liability takes into consideration the exit market, the nature of the asset or liability being valued, and how a market participant would value the same asset or liability. Ultimately, determination of the appropriate valuation method requires significant judgment, and sufficient knowledge and expertise are required to apply the valuation techniques.
Valuation inputs refer to the assumptions market participants would use in pricing a given asset or liability using one of the three valuation techniques. Inputs can be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those assumptions which market participants would use in pricing the particular asset or liability. These inputs are based on market data and are obtained from a source independent of Horizon. Unobservable inputs are assumptions based on Horizon’s own information or estimate of assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are based on the best and most current information available on the measurement date. All inputs, whether observable or unobservable, are ranked in accordance with a prescribed fair value hierarchy which gives the highest ranking to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to unobservable inputs (Level 3). Fair values for assets or liabilities classified as Level 2 are based on one or a combination of the following factors: (i) quoted prices for similar assets; (ii) observable inputs for the asset or liability, such as interest rates or yield curves; or (iii) inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company considers an input to be significant if it drives 10% or more of the total fair value of a particular asset or liability.
Assets and liabilities are considered to be fair valued on a recurring basis if fair value is measured regularly (i.e., daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly). Recurring valuation occurs at a minimum on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities are considered to be fair valued on a nonrecurring basis if the fair value measurement of the instrument does not necessarily result in a change in the amount recorded on the balance sheet. Generally, nonrecurring valuation is the result of the application of other accounting pronouncements which require assets or liabilities to be assessed for impairment or recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of assets or liabilities transferred in or out of Level 3 is measured on the transfer date, with any additional changes in fair value subsequent to the transfer considered to be realized or unrealized gains or losses.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Investment Securities Available for Sale - Horizon designates a portion of its investment portfolio as available for sale based on management’s plans to use such securities for asset and liability management, liquidity and not to hold such securities as long-term investments. Management repositions the portfolio to take advantage of future expected interest rate trends when Horizon’s long-term profitability can be enhanced. Investment securities available for sale and marketable equity securities are carried at estimated fair value and any net unrealized gains/losses (after tax) on these securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recorded as interest income from securities. Gains/losses on the disposition of securities available for sale are recognized at the time of the transaction and are determined by the specific identification method.
Investment Securities Held to Maturity - Includes any security for which Horizon has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity. These securities are carried at amortized cost.
Loans - Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan fees and costs. Accrued interest receivable totaling $25.6 million and $23.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was excluded from the Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) calculation and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the effective yield method without anticipating prepayments.
Interest on commercial, mortgage and installment loans is recognized over the term of the loans based on the principal amount outstanding. When principal or interest is past due 90 days or more, and the loan is not well secured or in the process of collection, or when serious doubt exists as to the collectability of a loan, the accrual of interest is discontinued. Loan origination fees, net of direct loan origination costs, are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan as a yield adjustment. Discounts and premiums on purchased loans are amortized to income using the interest method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments.
From time to time, the Bank obtains information that may lead management to believe that the collection of payments may be doubtful on a particular loan. In recognition of this, it is management's policy to convert the loan from an “earning asset” to a non-accruing loan. The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date. Further, it is management's policy to generally place a loan on non-accrual status when the payment is delinquent in excess of 90 days or the loan has had the accrual of interest discontinued by management. The officer responsible for the loan and the Chief Commercial Banking and/or the Chief Operations Officer must review all loans placed on non-accrual status. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are recorded as a reduction of principal, and interest income is recorded only after principal recovery is reasonably assured. Non-accrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal in accordance with the loan terms. The Company requires a period of satisfactory performance of not less than six months before returning a non-accrual loan to accrual status.
Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless either of the following applies: management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a modified loan will be executed with an individual borrower or the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company.
Consistent with regulatory guidance, charge-offs on all loan segments are taken when specific loans, or portions thereof, are considered uncollectible. The Company's policy is to promptly charge these loans off in the period the uncollectible loss is reasonably determined.
For all loan portfolio segments except 1-4 family residential properties and consumer, the Company promptly charges off loans, or portions thereof, when available information confirms that specific loans are uncollectible based on information that includes, but is not limited to, (1) the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower, (2) declining collateral values, and/or (3) legal action, including bankruptcy, that impairs the borrower's ability to adequately meet its obligations. For impaired loans that are considered to be solely collateral dependent, a partial
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
charge-off is recorded when a loss has been confirmed by an updated appraisal or other appropriate valuation of the collateral.
The Company charges off 1-4 family residential and consumer loans, or portions thereof, when the Company reasonably determines the amount of the loss. The Company adheres to timeframes established by applicable regulatory guidance which provides for the charge-down or specific allocation of family first and junior lien mortgages to the net realizable value less costs to sell when the value is known but no later than when a loan is 180 days past due. Pursuant to such guidelines, the Company also charge off unsecured open-end loans when the loan is contractually 90 days past due. Loans at these respective delinquency thresholds for which the Company can clearly document that the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection, such that collection in full will occur regardless of delinquency status, are not charged off.
A loan is individually evaluated when, based on current information, a creditor may be experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is substantially expected through operation or sale of collateral. For collateral-dependent assets individually evaluated, the Company utilizes, as a practical expedient, the fair value of collateral, adjusted for estimated costs to sell, when determining the allowance for credit losses.
Smaller-balance, homogeneous loans are evaluated in total. Such loans include residential first mortgage loans secured by 1-4 family residences, residential construction loans, automobile, home equity, second mortgage loans and mortgage warehouse loans. Commercial loans and mortgage loans secured by other properties are evaluated individually.
Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty - The Company may renegotiate the terms of existing loans for a variety of reasons. When refinancing or restructuring a loan, the Company evaluates whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In making this determination, the Company considers whether the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt. In addition, the Company evaluates whether it is probable that the borrower would be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification and if the borrower (without the current modification) could obtain equivalent financing from another creditor at a market rate for similar debt. Modifications of loans to borrowers in these situations may indicate that the borrower is facing financial difficulty
Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension or a combination thereof, among other things. For disclosure purposes, an other-than-insignificant payment delay represents a deferral of payments of greater than 3 months within a 12 month period.
Purchased Credit Deteriorated (“PCD”) Loans - The Company has purchased loans, some of which have experienced credit deterioration since origination. PCD loans are recorded at the amount paid. An ACL on loans is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The initial ACL on loans determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of the loan’s purchase price and ACL on loans becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized or accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL on loans are recorded through credit loss expense.
Loans Held for Sale - Loans held for sale generally consist of mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market and are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to non-interest income. Gains and losses on loan sales are recorded in non-interest income, and direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in non-interest income upon sale of the loan.
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company elected to transfer its mortgage warehouse loan portfolio at the lower of unamortized cost or fair market value to loans held for sale from the held for investment loan portfolio. At December 31, 2024, loans held for sale consisted of mortgage loans originated for sale with a carrying value of $2.8 million and the mortgage warehouse loan portfolio with a carrying value of $64.8 million. The change in classification resulted in a reversal of $0.9 million in the allowance for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2024. On January 17, 2025, the Company completed the sale of its mortgage warehouse loan portfolio to an unrelated third party.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Concentrations of Credit Risk - The Bank grants commercial, real estate, and consumer loans to customers located primarily in Indiana and Michigan. Commercial loans make up approximately 64% of the loan portfolio and are secured by both real estate and business assets. These loans are expected to be repaid from cash flows from operations of the businesses. The Bank does not have a concentration in speculative commercial real estate loans. Residential real estate loans make up approximately 17% of the loan portfolio and are secured by residential real estate. Installment loans make up approximately 20% of the loan portfolio and are primarily secured by consumer assets.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) on Loans - The ACL on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the ACL when management believes the loan balance is confirmed to be no longer collectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.
Management estimates the ACL balance using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, changes in economic conditions, or other relevant factors.
The Company considers the following when estimating credit losses: 1) available information relevant to assessing the collectibility of cash flows including internal information, external information or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts; 2) relevant qualitative and quantitative factors relating to the environment in which the Company operates and factors specific to the borrower; 3) off-balance sheet credit exposures; and credit support.
For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, management applies a reversion method to estimate expected credit losses. The reversion method involves gradually reverting to historical loss experience over a specified period. Typically, the Company used a straight-line reversion method over a four-quarter period. Subsequent to the four quarter reversion period, the historical loss rate is applied to the remaining life of the loan.
ACL on loans is measured on a collective basis and reflects impairment in groups of loans aggregated on the basis of similar risk characteristics which may include any one or a combination of the following: internal credit ratings, risk ratings or classification, financial asset type, collateral type, size, industry of the borrower, historical or expected credit loss patterns, and reasonable and supportable forecast periods. The ACL for a specific portfolio segment is computed by multiplying the loss rate by the amortized cost balance of the segment with adjustments for other qualitative factors as described above. As appropriate, newer credit products or portfolios with limited historical loss may use applicable external data for determining the ACL until experience justifies that sufficient product maturity supports the estimate of expected credit losses.
Pursuant to ASC 326-20-30-9, an entity shall not rely solely on past events to estimate expected credit losses, and should consider adjustments to historical information to reflect the extent to which management expects current conditions and forecasted conditions to differ from the periods utilized for the historical loss rate calculation. Management has incorporated an adjustment of the historical loss rate calculated within the model to reflect current and forecasted condition and has applied this adjustment on a qualitative factor basis to the aggregate pool loss rate.
The qualitative adjustment is based on a combination of external econometric data and internal factors such as portfolio composition, changes in management, changes in loan policy and other factors. The economic forecast is based in part on economic indexes and quantitative matrices with a twenty-four month forecast. The qualitative adjustment is calculated based on current and forecasted conditions and evaluated each quarter by management, and therefore is dynamic in nature. The qualitative economic adjustment is then reverted over a twelve month period to the historical base loss rate which is preserved in the calculation of “all in” loss rate.
Specific reserves reflect collateral shortfalls on loans identified for evaluation or individually considered non-performing, including troubled debt restructurings and receivables where the Company has determined foreclosure is probable. These loans no longer have similar risk characteristics to collectively evaluated loans due to changes in credit risk, borrower circumstances, recognition of write-offs, or cash collections that have been fully applied to principal on the basis of non-accrual policies. At a minimum, the population of loans subject to individual evaluation
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
include individual loans and leases where it is probable we will be unable to collect all amounts due, according to the original contractual terms. These include commercial impaired loans, jumbo residential mortgages (as defined), and jumbo home equity loans with a balance exceeding $250,000, and other loans as determined by management. ACL for residential and consumer loans are, primarily, determined by pools of similar loans and are evaluated on a quarterly basis.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet (“OBS”) Credit Exposures - The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Company determines the estimated amount of expected credit extensions based on historical usage to calculate the amount of exposure for a loss estimate.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Available for Sale Securities - For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For debt securities available for sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recorded in other comprehensive income.
Changes in the ACL are recorded as provision for, or reversal of, credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the available for sale security is confirmed to be uncollectible or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Held to Maturity Securities - For held to maturity securities, the Company conducts an assessment of its held to maturity securities at the time of purchase and on at least an annual basis to ensure such investment securities remain within appropriate levels of risk and continue to perform satisfactorily in fulfilling its obligations. The Company considers, among other factors, the nature of the securities and credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer. If available, the Company obtains a credit rating for issuers from the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) for consideration. If this assessment indicates that a material credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss.
Premises and Equipment - Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Buildings and major improvements are capitalized and depreciated using primarily the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 to 40 years. Furniture and equipment are capitalized and depreciated using primarily the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 2 to 20 years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while major additions and improvements are capitalized. Gains and losses on disposition are included in current operations.
Repossessed Assets - Repossessed assets consist of property that has been repossessed and is comprised of commercial and residential real estate and other non-real estate property, including auto and recreational and marine vehicles. The assets are initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs, establishing a new cost basis. Initial valuation adjustments are charged to the allowance for credit losses. Fair values are estimated primarily based on appraisals, third-party price opinions, or internally developed pricing models. After initial
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
recognition, fair value estimates are updated periodically. Declines in fair value below cost are recognized through valuation allowances which may be reversed when supported by future increases in fair value. These valuation adjustments, in addition to gains and losses realized on sales and net operating expenses, are recorded in other non-interest expense. Repossessed assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (FHLBI) Stock - The stock is a required investment for institutions that are members of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) systems. The required investment in the common stock is based on a predetermined formula.
Partnership Investments - The Company invests in partnerships that generate qualified affordable housing and solar tax credits. The Company has elected to account for partnership investments in qualified affordable housing using the proportional amortization method. Under the proportional amortization method, the initial cost of the investment is amortized to income tax expense in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received. This net investment performance is recognized in the income statement as a component of income tax expense. The Company accounts for qualifying investment tax credits using the proportional amortization method and all others under the deferral method. The investment in the limited partnerships totaling $24.9 million and $27.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company investments in qualified affordable housing tax credits and had funding commitments of $14.9 million at December 31, 2024. There has not been any significant amortization or tax credits recorded related to the qualified affordable housing tax credits at December 31, 2024.
Mortgage Servicing Rights - Mortgage servicing assets are recognized separately when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets and included in other assets on the balance sheet. Under the servicing assets and liabilities accounting guidance (ASC 860-50), servicing rights resulting from the sale or securitization of loans originated by the Company are initially measured at fair value at the date of transfer. Under the amortization method, servicing rights are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. The amortized assets are assessed for impairment or increased obligation based on fair value at each reporting date.
Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. These variables change from quarter to quarter as market conditions and projected interest rates change, and may have an adverse impact on the value of the mortgage servicing right and may result in a reduction to non-interest income.
Each class of separately recognized servicing assets subsequently measured using the amortization method are evaluated and measured for impairment. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into tranches based on predominant characteristics, such as loan term, rate type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual tranche, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount of the servicing assets for that tranche. The valuation allowance is adjusted to reflect changes in the measurement of impairment after the initial measurement of impairment. Changes in valuation allowances are reported with mortgage servicing income net of impairment on the income statement. Fair value in excess of the carrying amount of servicing assets for that stratum is not recognized.
Servicing fee income, which is reported on the income statement as mortgage servicing income, net, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. Servicing fees totaled $1.7 million, $2.7 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Late fees and ancillary fees related to loan servicing were not material.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more frequently should potential triggering events be identified that may indicate potential impairment. At December 31, 2024, Horizon had core deposit intangibles of $10.2 million subject to amortization and $155.2 million of goodwill, which is not subject to
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
amortization. Goodwill arising from business combinations represents the value attributable to unidentifiable intangible assets in the business acquired. Horizon’s goodwill relates to the value inherent in the banking industry and that value is dependent upon the ability of Horizon to provide quality, cost effective banking services in a competitive marketplace. The goodwill value is supported by revenue that is in part driven by the volume of business transacted. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. A large majority of the goodwill relates to the acquisitions of Heartland, Summit, Peoples, Kosciusko, LaPorte, Lafayette, Wolverine and Salin.
Advertising Costs - Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in non-interest expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2023, the Company incurred advertising costs of $1.2 million, $1.2 million, and $0.9 million, respectively.
Bank Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”) - BOLI has been purchased on certain employees and directors of the Company. The Company records the life insurance at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or amounts due that are probable at settlement.
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell, Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Other Secured Borrowings - The Company purchases certain securities, generally U.S. government-sponsored entity and agency securities, under agreements to resell. The amounts advanced under these agreements represent short-term secured loans and are reflected as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We also sell certain securities under agreements to repurchase. These agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions. These and other secured borrowings such as loans sold not qualifying for sale accounting treatment, are reflected as liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are recorded at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. Short-term securities sold under agreements to repurchase generally mature within one to four days from the transaction date. Securities, generally U.S. government agency securities, pledged as collateral under these financing arrangements can be re-pledged by the secured party. Additional collateral may be required based on the fair value of the underlying securities.
Income Taxes - The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Uncertain tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.
The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries.
Trust Assets and Income - Property, other than cash deposits, held in a fiduciary or agency capacity is not included in the consolidated balance sheets since such property is not owned by Horizon.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Transfer of Financial Assets - The transfer of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company and put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.
Earnings per Common Share - Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders (net income less dividend requirements for preferred stock and accretion of preferred stock discount) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The following table shows computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Basic earnings per share
Net income $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Weighted average common shares outstanding 43,702,314 43,630,160 43,568,823
Basic earnings per share $ 0.81 $ 0.64 $ 2.14
Diluted earnings per share
Net income available to common shareholders $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Weighted average common shares outstanding 43,702,314 43,630,160 43,568,823
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock 359,704 208,827 92,381
Stock options 2,472 4,893 37,911
Weighted average common shares outstanding 44,064,490 43,843,880 43,699,115
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.80 $ 0.64 $ 2.14
There were 85,512, 226,028 and 319,760 shares for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were non-dilutive.
On July 16, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized a stock repurchase program for up to 2,250,000 shares of Horizon’s issued and outstanding common stock, no par value. As of December 31, 2024, Horizon had repurchased a total of 803,349 shares at an average price per share of $16.89.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are defined to include cash and due from banks, money market investments and federal funds sold with maturities of one day or less. Horizon reports net cash flows for customer loan transactions, deposit transactions, short-term investments and short-term borrowings.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities, unrealized and realized gains and losses in cash flow derivative financial instruments and accretion (amortization) of available for sale securities transferred to held to maturity.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Share-Based Compensation - At December 31, 2024, Horizon had share-based compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 20. All share-based payments are to be recognized as expense, based upon their fair values, in the financial statements over the vesting period of the awards. Horizon has recorded approximately $4.6 million, $3.6 million, and $2.5 million in compensation expense relating to vesting of stock options and restricted stock awards less estimated forfeitures for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognizes forfeitures as a reduction to expense only when they have occurred.
Derivative Financial Instruments - The Company occasionally enters into derivative financial instruments as part of its interest rate risk management strategies. These derivative financial instruments consist primarily of interest rate swaps. All derivative instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as either an asset or liability, at their fair value. The accounting for the gain or loss resulting from the change in fair value depends on the intended use of the derivative. For a derivative used to hedge changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability, or an unrecognized firm commitment, the gain or loss on the derivative will be recognized in earnings together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. This results in an earnings impact only to the extent that the hedge is ineffective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value. If it is determined that the derivative instrument is not highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued and the adjustment to fair value of the derivative instrument is recorded in earnings. For a derivative used to hedge changes in cash flows associated with forecasted transactions, the gain or loss of the effective portion of the derivative will be deferred, and reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity, until such time the hedged transaction affects earnings. For derivative instruments not accounted for as hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in non-interest income or non-interest expense. See Note 21 - Derivative Financial Instruments.
Revenue Recognition - Accounting Standards Codification 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606) provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance enumerates five steps that entities should follow in achieving this core principle. Revenue generated from financial instruments, including loans and investment securities, are not included in the scope of ASC 606. The adoption of ASC 606 did not result in a change to the accounting of any of the Company’s revenue streams that are within the scope of the amendments. Revenue-gathering activities that are within the scope of ASC 606 and that are presented as non-interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income include:
•Service charges and fees on deposit accounts - these include general service fees charged for deposit account maintenance and activity and transaction-based fees charged for certain services, such as debit card, wire transfer and overdraft activities. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is completed, which is generally after a transaction is completed or monthly for account maintenance services.
•Fiduciary activities - this includes periodic fees due from trust and wealth management customers for managing the customers’ financial assets. Fees are charged based on a standard agreement and are recognized as they are earned.
Segments - The Company has identified one reporting unit and one operating segment, community banking, which encompasses commercial and consumer banking services to serve a similar base of clients utilizing company-wide offerings of similar products and services managed through similar processes and platforms offered to individuals, businesses, municipalities and other entities. See Note 26 - Segment Reporting for more details.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements
In connection with the preparation of its financial statements for the second quarter of 2024, management corrected a prior computation of the Company’s total capital (to risk-weighted assets), Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets), and Tier 1 capital (to average assets) ratios for purposes of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for holding companies filed with the Federal Reserve (the “Regulatory Filings”), which involved an incorrect classification of the Company’s subordinated notes as Tier 1 capital. This incorrect classification affected the Company's regulatory capital disclosures in certain prior period filings with the SEC, as those disclosures were sourced from the Regulatory Filings. The Company evaluated the effects of the incorrect classification to its previously filed Regulatory Filings and previously issued financial statements in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 99 and No. 108 and, based upon qualitative and quantitative factors, determined the errors were not material to the previously filed Regulatory Filings or the previously issued financial statements and disclosures included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, or for any of the quarterly reports included therein or through our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024. The Company has amended its Regulatory Filings for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 to reclassify the subordinated notes balance from Tier 1 capital into Tier 2 capital. The correction of the classification had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures or the amounts or disclosure of the regulatory capital ratios of the Bank as included in its call reports. The Company continues to exceed regulatory proxy ratios to be considered “well capitalized”, plus the capital conservation buffer, at December 31, 2024
We evaluated the aggregate effects of this error to our previously issued financial statements in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 99 and No. 108 and, based upon quantitative and qualitative factors, determined that the error was not material to the previously issued financial statements and disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
ASU 2023-02, "Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method" ("ASU 2023-02") allows reporting entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period. ASU 2023-02 was adopted as of January 1, 2024 without a material impact to the Company's financial
ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” ("ASU 2023-07") expands segment disclosure requirements for public entities to require disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. These amendments should be applied retrospectively. ASU 2023-07 was adopted as January 1, 2024. See Note 26 - Segment Reporting for more details.
Accounting Guidance Issued But Not Yet Adopted
ASU No. 2023-09 "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-09") requires additional annual disclosures including further disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation, additional information for reconciling items meeting a quantitative threshold, further disaggregation of income taxes paid and other required disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company in the annual period beginning on January 1, 2025 and applied on a prospective basis with both early adoption and retrospective application permitted. ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.
ASU 2024-01 “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards” (“ASU 2024-01”) clarifies how an entity determines whether a profits interest or similar award is within the scope of Topic 718 or is not a share-based payment arrangement and therefore within the scope of other guidance. ASU 2024-01 provides an illustrative example with multiple fact patterns and also amends certain language in the “Scope” and “Scope Exceptions” sections of Topic 718 to improve its clarity and operability without changing the guidance. Entities can apply the amendments either retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements or prospectively to profits interest and similar awards granted or modified on or after the date of adoption. If prospective application is elected, an entity must disclose the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle. ASU 2024-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods, and is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.
ASU 2024-03 "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses" ("ASU 2024-03") requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. ASU 2024-03 requires new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying any relevant income statement expense caption. The prescribed categories include, among other things, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. Additionally, entities must disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the Company, on a prospective basis, for annual periods beginning in 2027, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning in 2028, though early adoption and retrospective application is permitted. ASU 2024-03 is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.
ASU 2024-04 “Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20)” (“ASU 2024-04”) clarifies wither the settlement of convertible debt, including debt containing cash conversion features at terms that are different from the terms included in the existing debt instrument, should be accounted for as an induced conversion or a debt extinguishment. ASU 2024-04 is effective for public business entities January 1, 2025 and is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Note 2 - Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash equivalents consisted primarily of money market accounts with brokers and certificates of deposit.
The Federal Reserve Act requires that the banks maintain cash reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank based principally on the type and amount of their deposits. At its option, the Company maintains additional balances to compensate for clearing and safekeeping services. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $248.7 million. Approximately $195.5 million of this amount was held by either the Federal Reserve Bank or the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis, which is not federally insured.
Note 3 - Securities
The fair value of securities is as follows:
December 31, 2024
Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
Available for sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ 2,258 - $ (457) $ 1,801
State and municipal 243,521 - (41,687) 201,834
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 17,984 - (3,441) 14,543
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools - - - -
Corporate notes 18,259 - (2,760) 15,499
Total available for sale investment securities $ 282,022 $ - $ (48,345) $ 233,677
December 31, 2024
Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
Held to maturity
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ 278,383 $ - $ (39,253) $ 239,130
State and municipal 1,048,862 958 (183,114) $ 866,706
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 349,726 - (54,904) 294,822
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools 29,278 - (3,958) $ 25,320
Corporate notes 161,599 - (21,309) $ 140,290
Total held to maturity investment securities $ 1,867,848 $ 958 $ (302,538) $ 1,566,268
Less: Allowance for credit losses (158)
Held to maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses $ 1,867,690
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2023
Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
Available for sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ 72,938 $ - $ (8,561) $ 64,377
State and municipal 353,299 - (49,269) 304,030
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 165,061 - (24,184) 140,877
Corporate notes 43,317 455 (5,805) 37,967
Total available for sale investment securities $ 634,615 $ 455 $ (87,819) $ 547,251
December 31, 2023
Amortized
Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains Gross
Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
Held to maturity
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ 287,259 $ - $ (41,299) $ 245,960
State and municipal 1,088,499 1,185 (150,323) 939,361
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 374,974 - (56,467) 318,507
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools 32,329 - (4,595) 27,734
Corporate notes 162,734 - (25,538) 137,196
Total held to maturity investment securities $ 1,945,795 $ 1,185 $ (278,222) $ 1,668,758
Less: Allowance for credit losses (157)
Held to maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses $ 1,945,638
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale and held to maturity at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Amortized
Cost Fair
Value Amortized
Cost Fair
Value
Available for sale
Within one year $ - $ - $ 5,505 $ 5,408
One to five years - - 100,301 89,650
Five to ten years 173,533 141,915 167,764 141,203
After ten years 90,505 77,219 195,984 170,113
264,038 219,134 469,554 406,374
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 17,984 14,543 165,061 140,877
Total available for sale investment securities $ 282,022 $ 233,677 $ 634,615 $ 547,251
Held to maturity
Within one year $ 59,129 $ 58,304 $ 33,483 $ 33,169
One to five years 298,362 278,007 225,957 216,354
Five to ten years 366,493 312,748 350,843 304,067
After ten years 764,860 597,067 928,209 768,927
1,488,844 1,246,126 1,538,492 1,322,517
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 349,726 294,822 374,974 318,507
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools 29,278 25,320 32,329 27,734
Total held to maturity investment securities $ 1,867,848 $ 1,566,268 $ 1,945,795 $ 1,668,758
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and the fair value of the Company’s available for sale investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
December 31, 2024
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses
Available for Sale Investment Securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ - $ - $ 1,801 $ (457) $ 1,801 $ (457)
State and municipal - - 201,834 (41,687) 201,834 (41,687)
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities - - 14,543 (3,441) 14,543 (3,441)
Corporate notes - - 15,499 (2,760) 15,499 (2,760)
Total available for sale investment securities $ - $ - $ 233,677 $ (48,345) $ 233,677 $ (48,345)
December 31, 2023
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value Unrealized
Losses
Available for Sale Investment Securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ - $ - $ 64,377 $ (8,561) $ 64,377 $ (8,561)
State and municipal 2,387 (236) 301,643 (49,033) 304,030 (49,269)
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities - - 140,869 (24,184) 140,869 (24,184)
Corporate notes - - 36,359 (5,805) 36,359 (5,805)
Total available for sale investment securities $ 2,387 $ (236) $ 543,248 $ (87,583) $ 545,635 $ (87,819)
Certain investments in debt securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had 2,115 and 2,290 securities, respectively, with market values below their cost basis. The total fair value of these investments at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.8 billion and $2.1 billion, which is approximately 86% and 85%, respectively, of the Company's available for sale and held to maturity securities portfolio. These declines resulted primarily from fluctuations in market interest rates after purchase. Management believes the declines in fair value for these securities are temporary.
No allowance for credit losses for available for sale debt securities was needed at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The allowance for credit losses for held to maturity securities is a contra asset valuation account that is deducted from the carrying amount of held to maturity securities to present the net amount expected to be collected. Held to maturity securities are charged off against the allowance for credit loss when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the allowance for credit loss are reported in our Consolidated Statements of Income in credit loss expense. We measure expected credit losses on held to maturity securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored treasuries, agency and mortgage-backed securities, all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to obligations of states and municipal, private label mortgage-backed and corporate note held to maturity securities, we consider (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in our portfolio have been insignificant. As of December 31, 2024, there were no past due principal and interest payments associated with these securities. An allowance for credit loss of $158 thousand and $157 thousand was recorded on these securities based on applying the long-term historical rating agency credit loss rate for similarly rated securities at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
On a quarterly basis, the Company refreshes the credit quality indicator of each held-to-maturity security. The Company applies ratings derived from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations ("NRSRO"), specifically Moody's and Standard & Poor's. For state and municipal securities where no rating is available from the NRSROs, a consistent internally-assigned rating methodology is applied. The amortized cost of these securities in the following tables subject to this methodology totaled $125.0 million as of December 31, 2024, and $143.7 million as of December 31, 2023.
The following table summarizes credit ratings of our held-to-maturity securities at amortized cost for the periods indicated:
December 31, 2024 AAA AA A BBB BB Not Rated Total
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies - 278,383 - - - - 278,383
State and municipal 273,629 698,428 66,079 10,726 - - 1,048,862
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 349,726 - - - - - 349,726
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools 29,278 - - - - - 29,278
Corporate notes - 6,176 11,549 75,603 4,543 63,728 161,599
Total 652,633 982,987 77,628 86,329 4,543 63,728 1,867,848
December 31, 2023 AAA AA A BBB BB Not Rated Total
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies - 287,259 - - - - 287,259
State and municipal 285,748 730,907 69,658 2,186 - - 1,088,499
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 374,974 - - - - - 374,974
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools 32,329 - - - - - 32,329
Corporate notes - 4,260 11,831 78,197 4,556 63,890 162,734
Total 693,051 1,022,426 81,489 80,383 4,556 63,890 1,945,795
The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Beginning balance $ 157 $ 257
Credit loss expense (benefit) 1 (100)
Ending balance $ 158 $ 157
Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities and held to maturity securities totaled $12.7 million and $14.7 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
The U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies and mortgage-backed securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major credit rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. Therefore, for those securities, we do not record expected credit losses.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Based on an evaluation of available evidence, management believes the unrealized losses on available for sale state and municipal securities, private labeled mortgage-backed pools and corporate notes were due to changes in interest rates. Due to the contractual terms, the issuers of state and municipal securities are not allowed to settle for less than the amortized cost of the security. In addition, the Company does not intend to sell these securities prior to the recovery of the amortized cost, which may not occur until maturity. No allowance for credit losses was recognized for available for sale debt securities at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Information regarding security proceeds, gross gains and gross losses are presented below.
Year Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Sales of securities available for sale
Proceeds $ 293,138 $ 439,285 $ -
Gross gains 6 215 -
Gross losses (39,145) (32,267) -
The tax benefit of the proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale was $8.2 million, $6.7 million and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company pledges securities related to borrowings capacity at the Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank. The following table represents the fair value and amortized costs of these pledged securities.
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost
Pledge securities for borrowing availability at the Federal Reserve $ 851,384 $ 1,032,916 $ 1,441,920 $ 1,682,935
Pledge securities for FHLB borrowings $ 279,136 $ 333,613 $ - $ -
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Note 4 - Loans
The table below identifies the Company's loan portfolio segments and classes.
Portfolio Segment Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial Owner occupied real estate
Non-owner occupied real estate
Residential spec homes
Development & spec land
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate Residential mortgage
Residential construction
Mortgage warehouse Mortgage warehouse
Consumer Installment
Indirect auto
Home equity
Portfolio segment is defined as a level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic methodology to determine its allowance for credit losses. Class of financing receivable is defined as a group of financing receivables determined on the basis of both of the following, 1) risk characteristics of the financing receivable, and 2) an entity’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Generally, the Bank does not move loans from a revolving loan to a term loan other than construction loans. Construction loans are reviewed and rewritten prior to being originated as a term loan.
The following table presents total outstanding loans held of investment by portfolio class, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
December 31,
2024 December 31,
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 667,165 $ 640,731
Non-owner occupied real estate 1,501,456 1,273,838
Residential spec homes 15,611 13,489
Development & spec land 18,627 34,039
Commercial & industrial 875,297 712,863
Total commercial 3,078,156 2,674,960
Real estate
Residential mortgage 783,961 654,295
Residential construction 18,948 26,841
Mortgage warehouse - 45,078
Total residential real estate 802,909 726,214
Consumer
Installment 97,190 52,366
Indirect auto 303,901 399,946
Home equity 564,884 564,144
Total consumer 965,975 1,016,456
Total loans held for investment 4,847,040 4,417,630
Allowance for credit losses (51,980) (50,029)
Loans held for investment, net $ 4,795,060 $ 4,367,601
Total loans include net unearned discounts and deferred loan costs of $14.9 million and $21.9 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows:
Commercial
Commercial loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.
Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves larger loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets, the general economy or fluctuations in interest rates. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of property type, and are monitored for concentrations of credit. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, cash flow and risk grade criteria. As a general rule, the Company avoids financing single purpose projects unless other underwriting factors are present to help mitigate risk. In addition, management tracks the level of owner occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied loans.
Real Estate and Consumer
With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, the Company generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.
Mortgage Warehousing
Horizon’s mortgage warehouse lending has specific mortgage companies as customers of Horizon Bank. Individual mortgage loans originated by these mortgage companies are funded as a secured borrowing with a pledge of collateral under Horizon’s agreement with the mortgage company. Each mortgage loan funded by Horizon undergoes an underwriting review by Horizon to the end investor guidelines and is assigned to Horizon until the loan is sold to the secondary market by the mortgage company. In addition, Horizon takes possession of each original note and forwards such note to the end investor once the mortgage company has sold the loan. At the time a loan is transferred to the secondary market, the mortgage company reacquires the loan under its option within the agreement. Due to the reacquire feature contained in the agreement, the transaction does not qualify as a sale and therefore is accounted for as a secured borrowing with a pledge of collateral pursuant to the agreement with the mortgage company. When the individual loan is sold to the end investor by the mortgage company, the proceeds from the sale of the loan are received by Horizon and used to pay off the loan balance with Horizon along with any accrued interest and any related fees. The remaining balance from the sale is forwarded to the mortgage company. These individual loans typically are sold by the mortgage company within 30 days and are seldom held more than 90 days. Interest income is accrued during this period and collected at the time each loan is sold. Fee income for each loan sold is collected when the loan is sold, and no costs are deferred due to the term between each loan funding and related payoff, which is typically less than 30 days.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Based on the agreements with each mortgage company, at any time a mortgage company can reacquire from Horizon its outstanding loan balance on an individual mortgage and regain possession of the original note. Horizon also has the option to request that the mortgage company reacquire an individual mortgage. Should this occur, Horizon would return the original note and reassign the assignment of the mortgage to the mortgage company. Also, in the event that the end investor would not be able to honor the purchase commitment and the mortgage company would not be able to reacquire its loan on an individual mortgage, Horizon would be able to exercise its rights under the agreement.
Non-performing Loans
The following table presents non-accrual loans and loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loans at December 31, 2024:
December 31, 2024
Total
Non-accrual Loans Past
Due Over 90
Days Still
Accruing Non-accruing Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 2,448 $ - $ 1,419
Non-owner occupied real estate 444 - 444
Residential spec homes - - -
Development & spec land 534 - 534
Commercial and industrial 2,232 - 1,239
Total commercial 5,658 - 3,636
Real estate
Residential mortgage 11,215 - -
Residential construction - - -
Mortgage warehouse - - -
Total real estate 11,215 - -
Consumer
Installment 338 128 -
Indirect auto 1,542 358 -
Home equity 7,039 680 -
Total consumer 8,919 1,166 -
Total $ 25,792 $ 1,166 $ 3,636
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following table presents non-accrual loans, loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loan at December 31, 2023:
December 31, 2023
Total
Non-accrual Loans Past
Due Over 90
Days Still
Accruing Non-performing Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 2,636 $ - $ 1,789
Non-owner occupied real estate 3,485 - 1,242
Residential spec homes - - -
Development & spec land 617 - 617
Commercial and industrial 624 - 20
Total commercial 7,362 - 3,668
Real estate
Residential mortgage 8,058 - -
Residential construction - - -
Mortgage warehouse - - -
Total real estate 8,058 - -
Consumer
Installment 88 - -
Indirect auto 899 299 -
Home equity 3,303 260 -
Total consumer 4,290 559 -
Total $ 19,710 $ 559 $ 3,668
There was no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023 while the loans were in non-accrual status.
The amount of accrued interest receivable written off by the Company by reversing interest income was not material for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following table presents the payment status by class of loan at December 31, 2024:
December 31, 2024
Current 30-59 Days
Past Due 60-89 Days
Past Due 90 Days or
Greater
Past Due Total Past Due Total Loans
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 665,875 $ 1,195 $ - $ 95 $ 1,290 $ 667,165
Non-owner occupied real estate 1,500,229 931 - 296 1,227 1,501,456
Residential spec homes 15,611 - - - - 15,611
Development & spec land 18,627 - - - - 18,627
Commercial and industrial 872,893 2,155 70 179 2,404 875,297
Total commercial 3,073,235 4,281 70 570 4,921 3,078,156
Real estate
Residential mortgage 773,214 - 4,163 6,584 10,747 783,961
Residential construction 18,948 - - - - 18,948
Mortgage warehouse - - - - - -
Total real estate 792,162 - 4,163 6,584 10,747 802,909
Consumer
Installment 95,337 1,325 181 347 1,853 97,190
Indirect auto 298,048 4,179 806 868 5,853 303,901
Home equity 551,483 7,143 1,537 4,721 13,401 564,884
Total consumer 944,868 12,647 2,524 5,936 21,107 965,975
Total $ 4,810,265 $ 16,928 $ 6,757 $ 13,090 $ 36,775 $ 4,847,040
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following table presents the payment status by class of loan at December 31, 2023:
December 31, 2023
Current 30-59 Days
Past Due 60-89 Days
Past Due 90 Days or
Greater
Past Due Total Past Due Total
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 638,389 $ 2,342 $ - $ - $ 2,342 $ 640,731
Non-owner occupied real estate 1,273,791 - - 47 47 $ 1,273,838
Residential spec homes 13,489 - - - - $ 13,489
Development & spec land 33,036 - 1,003 - 1,003 $ 34,039
Commercial and industrial 710,567 1,659 54 583 2,296 $ 712,863
Total commercial 2,669,272 4,001 1,057 630 5,688 2,674,960
Real estate
Residential mortgage 646,984 2,823 2,353 2,135 7,311 $ 654,295
Residential construction 26,841 - - - - $ 26,841
Mortgage warehouse 45,078 - - - - $ 45,078
Total real estate 718,903 2,823 2,353 2,135 7,311 $ 726,214
Consumer
Installment 52,001 304 10 51 365 $ 52,366
Indirect auto 393,615 4,958 736 637 6,331 $ 399,946
Home equity 558,062 3,748 1,217 1,117 6,082 $ 564,144
Total consumer 1,003,678 9,010 1,963 1,805 12,778 1,016,456
Total $ 4,391,853 $ 15,834 $ 5,373 $ 4,570 $ 25,777 $ 4,417,630
The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Modified Loans
The following tables detail the amortized cost as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended:
December 31, 2024
Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Multiple1
Total % of Loans Held for Investment
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 2,038 $ - $ 651 $ 2,418 $ - $ 5,107 0.77 %
Non-owner occupied real estate - - - - - - - %
Commercial and industrial 3,448 - 740 236 - 4,424 0.51 %
Total $ 5,486 $ - $ 1,391 $ 2,654 $ - $ 9,531 0.20 %
1 Multiple modifications represents modifications to borrowers in the form of term extensions and other-than-insignificant payment deferrals.
December 31, 2023
Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Multiple1
Total % of Loans Held for Investment
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 3,717 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 3,717 0.58 %
Non-owner occupied real estate - - - - - - - %
Commercial and industrial 1,953 - - 562 131 2,646 0.37 %
Total $ 5,670 $ - $ - $ 562 $ 131 $ 6,363 0.13 %
1 Multiple modifications represents modifications to borrowers in the form of term extensions and other-than-insignificant payment deferrals.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following tables summarize the financial impacts of loan modifications and payment deferrals, as applicable, during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
December 31, 2024
Weighted Average Term Extension (In Months) Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction (In Percentage Terms) Weighted Average Payment Delay (In Months) Term Extension (In Months) & Rate Reduction (In Percentage Terms)
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate 6 - % 5 Weighted average term extension of 60 months & Weighted average interest rate reduction of 1.04%
Non-owner occupied real estate - - - -
Commercial and industrial 29 - 6 Weighted average term extension of 21 months & Weighted average interest rate reduction of 2.25%
December 31, 2023
Weighted Average Term Extension (In Months) Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction (Int Percentage Terms) Weighted Average Payment Delay (In Months) Term Extension
(In Months) &
Rate Reduction
(In Percentage Terms) Multiple1
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate 12 - % - -
Non-owner occupied real estate - - - -
Commercial and industrial 23 - - Weighted average term extension of 105 months &
Weighted average interest rate reduction of 1.22%
Weighted average term extension of 32 months & Weighted average payment deferral of 4 months
1 Multiple modifications represents modifications to borrowers in the form of term extensions and other-than-insignificant payment deferrals.
The financial impacts of the modifications did not significantly impact our determination of the allowance for credit losses during the periods presented above.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis at December 31, 2024 of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had been modified within the previous 12 months:
December 31, 2024
Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater
Past Due Total
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 5,107 $ - $ - $ 5,107
Non-owner occupied real estate 0 - - 0
Commercial and industrial 4,424 - - 4,424
Total $ 9,531 $ - $ - $ 9,531
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following table presents the amortized cost basis at December 31, 2023 of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had been modified within the previous 12 months:
December 31, 2023
Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or Greater
Past Due Total
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 2,646 $ - $ - $ 2,646
Non-owner occupied real estate - - - -
Commercial and industrial 3,717 - - 3,717
Total $ 6,363 $ - $ - $ 6,363
The Company did not have any loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and were modified within the twelve months prior to the payment default. For purposes of this disclosure, the Company considers “default” to mean 30 days or more past due of contractual interest or principal.
Collateral Dependent Financial Assets
A collateral dependent financial loan relies solely on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with the loan, the Company considers character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. However, as other sources of repayment become inadequate over time, the significance of the collateral's value increases and the loan may become collateral dependent.
The tables below present the amortized cost basis and allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) allocated for collateral dependent loans in accordance with ASC 326, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
December 31, 2024
Real Estate Accounts Receivable/Equipment Other Total ACL Allocation
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 2,448 $ - $ - $ 2,448 $ 224
Non-owner occupied real estate 444 - - 444 -
Residential spec homes - - - - -
Development & spec land 534 - - 534 -
Commercial and industrial 1,756 476 - 2,232 731
Total commercial 5,182 476 - 5,658 955
Total collateral dependent loans $ 5,182 $ 476 $ - $ 5,658 $ 955
(1) Collateral dependent loans had a collateral fair value of $3.4 million at December 31, 2024
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2023
Real Estate Accounts Receivable/Equipment Other Total ACL Allocation
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate $ 2,636 $ - $ - $ 2,636 $ 190
Non-owner occupied real estate 3,485 - - 3,485 699
Residential spec homes - - - - -
Development & spec land 617 - - 617 -
Commercial and industrial 563 42 20 625 604
Total commercial 7,301 42 20 7,363 1,493
Total collateral dependent loans $ 7,301 $ 42 $ 20 $ 7,363 $ 1,493
(1) Collateral dependent loans had a collateral fair value of $6.3 million at December 31, 2023
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a carrying value of $0.4 million of repossessed assets. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a recorded net investment of $0.3 million of consumer mortgage loans in which foreclosure proceedings have commenced. Repossessed assets are a component of other assets within the consolidated balance sheet.
Credit Quality Indicators
Horizon Bank’s processes for determining credit quality differ slightly depending on whether a new loan or a renewed loan is being underwritten, or whether an existing loan is being re-evaluated for credit quality. The latter usually occurs upon receipt of current financial information or other pertinent data that would trigger a change in the credit quality grade.
• For new and renewed commercial loans, the Bank’s Credit Department, which acts independently of the loan officer, assigns the credit quality grade to the loan. Loan grades for loans with an aggregate credit exposure that exceeds the authorities in the respective regions (ranging from $3,000,000 to $6,000,000) are validated by the Loan Committee, which is chaired by the Chief Commercial Banking Officer (“CCBO”).
• Commercial loan officers are responsible for reviewing their loan portfolios and promptly assessing any adverse change in credit quality and revising the risk rating appropriately. When circumstances warrant a change in the credit quality grade, loan officers are required to notify the Credit Department of the change in the credit quality grade. Downgrades are accepted immediately, however, lenders must present their factual information to the Credit Department when recommending an upgrade. Downgrades to impaired status require the concurrence of the CCBO and the Senior Workout Loan Manager.
• The CCBO, or a designee, meets periodically with loan officers to discuss the status of past due loans and classified loans. These meetings are also designed to give the loan officers an opportunity to identify an existing loan that should be downgraded to a classified grade.
• Monthly, senior management meets as members of the Watch Committee, which reviews all of the past due, classified, and impaired loans and the relative trends of these assets. This committee also reviews the actions taken by management regarding foreclosure mitigation, loan extensions, loan modifications, other real estate owned and personal property repossessions. The information reviewed in this meeting acts as a precursor for developing management’s analysis of the adequacy of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases.
For residential real estate and consumer loans, Horizon uses a grading system based on delinquency. Loans that are 90 days or more past due, on non-accrual, or are classified as modified loans are graded “Substandard.” After being 90 to 120 days delinquent a loan is charged off unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. If the latter case exists, the loan is placed on non-accrual. Occasionally a mortgage loan may be graded as “Special Mention.” When this situation arises, it is because the characteristics of the loan and the borrower fit the definition of a Risk Grade 5 described below, which is normally used for grading commercial loans. Loans not graded Substandard are considered Pass.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Horizon Bank employs a nine-grade rating system to determine the credit quality of commercial loans. The first five grades represent acceptable quality, and the last four grades mirror the criticized and classified grades used by the bank regulatory agencies (special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss). The loan grade definitions are detailed below.
Risk Grade 1: Excellent (Pass)
Loans secured by liquid collateral, such as certificates of deposit, reputable bank letters of credit, or other cash equivalents or loans to any publicly held company with a current long-term debt rating of A or better and meeting defined key financial metric ranges.
Risk Grade 2: Good (Pass)
Loans to businesses that have strong financial statements containing an unqualified opinion from a CPA firm and at least three years consecutive years of profits; loans supported by unaudited financial statements containing strong balance sheets, five years consecutive years of profits, a five year satisfactory relationship with the Bank, and key balance sheet and income statement trends that are either stable or positive; loans secured by publicly traded marketable securities with required margins where there is no impediment to liquidation; loans to individuals backed by liquid personal assets and unblemished credit histories; or loans to publicly held companies with current long-term debt ratings of Baa or better and meeting defined key financial metric ranges.
Risk Grade 3: Satisfactory (Pass)
Loans supported by financial statements (audited or unaudited) that indicate average or slightly below average risk and having some deficiency or vulnerability to changing economic conditions; loans with some weakness but offsetting features of other support are readily available; loans that are meeting the terms of repayment, but which may be susceptible to deterioration if adverse factors are encountered and meeting defined key financial metric ranges. Loans may be graded Satisfactory when there is no recent information on which to base a current risk evaluation and the following conditions apply:
• At inception, the loan was properly underwritten, did not possess an unwarranted level of credit risk, and the loan met the above criteria for a risk grade of Excellent, Good, or Satisfactory;
• At inception, the loan was secured with collateral possessing a loan value adequate to protect the Bank from loss.
• The loan has exhibited two or more years of satisfactory repayment with a reasonable reduction of the principal balance.
• During the period that the loan has been outstanding, there has been no evidence of any credit weakness. Some examples of weakness include slow payment, lack of cooperation by the borrower, breach of loan covenants, or the borrower is in an industry known to be experiencing problems. If any of these credit weaknesses is observed, a lower risk grade may be warranted.
Risk Grade 4: Satisfactory/Monitored
Loans in this category are considered to be of acceptable credit quality, but contain greater credit risk than Satisfactory rated loans and meet defined key financial metric ranges. Borrower displays acceptable liquidity, leverage, and earnings performance within the Bank’s minimum underwriting guidelines. The level of risk is acceptable but conditioned on the proper level of loan officer supervision. Loans that normally fall into this grade include acquisition, construction and development loans and income producing properties that have not reached stabilization.
Risk Grade 4W: Management Watch
Loans in this category are considered to be of acceptable quality and meet defined key financial metric ranges, but with above normal risk. Borrower displays potential indicators of weakness in the primary source of repayment resulting in a higher reliance on secondary sources of repayment. Balance sheet may exhibit weak liquidity and/or high leverage. There is inconsistent earnings performance without the ability to sustain adverse economic conditions. Borrower may be operating in a declining industry or the property type, as for a commercial real estate loan, may be high risk or in decline. These loans require an increased level of loan
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
officer supervision and monitoring to assure that any deterioration is addressed in a timely fashion. Commercial construction loans are graded as 4W Management Watch until the projects are completed and stabilized.
Risk Grade 5: Special Mention
Loans which possess some temporary (normally less than one year) credit deficiency or potential weakness which deserves close attention. Such loans pose an unwarranted financial risk that, if not corrected, could weaken the loan by adversely impacting the future repayment ability of the borrower. The key distinctions of a Special Mention classification are that (1) it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk and (2) weaknesses are considered “potential,” not “defined,” impairments to the primary source of repayment. These loans may be to borrowers with adverse trends in financial performance, collateral value and/or marketability, or balance sheet strength and must meet defined key financial metric ranges.
Risk Grade 6: Substandard
One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified Substandard:
• Loans which possess a defined credit weakness. The likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source of repayment is uncertain. Financial deterioration is under way and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss.
• Loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor.
• The primary source of repayment is gone, and the Bank is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment, such as collateral liquidation or guarantees.
• Loans have a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
• Unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment.
• The borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, it continues to make interest payments.
• The lender is forced into a subordinated or unsecured position due to flaws in documentation.
• Loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms, and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms.
• The lender is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration in the loan.
• There is a significant deterioration in market conditions to which the borrower is highly vulnerable.
• The borrower meets defined key financial metric ranges.
Risk Grade 7: Doubtful
One or more of the following characteristics may be present in loans classified Doubtful:
• Loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on existing conditions, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly improbable.
• The primary source of repayment is gone, and there is considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary source of repayment.
• The possibility of loss is high but because of certain important pending factors which may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until the exact status of repayment is known.
• The borrower meets defined key financial metric ranges.
Risk Grade 8: Loss
Loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets is not feasible. Loans will be classified Loss when it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following tables present loans by credit grades and origination year at December 31, 2024.
December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Term
Loans Revolving
Loans Total
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate
Pass $ 75,649 $ 74,305 $ 90,872 $ 68,978 $ 36,778 $ 178,936 $ 92,227 $ 12,365 $ 630,110
Special Mention 129 - 1,724 1,769 142 8,759 - 100 12,623
Substandard 2,970 8,761 1,051 6,307 - 4,843 - 500 24,432
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total owner occupied real estate $ 78,748 $ 83,066 $ 93,647 $ 77,054 $ 36,920 $ 192,538 $ 92,227 $ 12,965 $ 667,165
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1 $ - $ - $ 1
Non-owner occupied real estate
Pass $ 194,167 $ 115,378 $ 244,266 $ 133,689 $ 100,688 $ 344,558 $ 298,288 $ 11,726 $ 1,442,760
Special Mention - 4,211 16,409 1,249 - 31,083 - - 52,952
Substandard 83 297 - - - 5,364 - - 5,744
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total non-owner occupied real estate $ 194,250 $ 119,886 $ 260,675 $ 134,938 $ 100,688 $ 381,005 $ 298,288 $ 11,726 $ 1,501,456
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Residential spec homes
Pass $ 362 $ - $ - $ 420 $ - $ - $ 10,986 $ 3,843 $ 15,611
Special Mention - - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total residential spec homes $ 362 $ - $ - $ 420 $ - $ - $ 10,986 $ 3,843 $ 15,611
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Development & spec land
Pass $ 819 $ 4,139 $ 788 $ 1,133 $ 328 $ 2,039 $ 7,931 $ 599 $ 17,776
Special Mention - - - - - 317 - - 317
Substandard - - - - - - 534 - 534
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total development & spec land $ 819 $ 4,139 $ 788 $ 1,133 $ 328 $ 2,356 $ 8,465 $ 599 $ 18,627
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 242,562 $ 105,877 $ 128,707 $ 73,008 $ 6,954 $ 54,764 $ 48,313 $ 179,370 $ 839,555
Special Mention 1,246 324 1,245 28 1 1,573 9,519 9,281 23,217
Substandard 843 2,599 318 217 266 3,170 1,003 4,109 12,525
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total commercial & industrial 244,651 108,800 130,270 73,253 7,221 59,507 58,835 192,760 875,297
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 45 $ 108 $ - $ 153
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Term
Loans Revolving
Loans Total
Real estate
Residential mortgage
Performing $ 69,264 $ 145,927 $ 160,780 $ 140,310 $ 78,563 $ 177,902 $ - $ - $ 772,746
Non-performing 201 1,619 2,125 1,472 706 5,092 - - 11,215
Total residential mortgage $ 69,465 $ 147,546 $ 162,905 $ 141,782 $ 79,269 $ 182,994 $ - $ - $ 783,961
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 5 $ - $ - $ 5
Residential construction
Performing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 18,948 $ - $ 18,948
Non-performing - - - - - - - - -
Total residential construction $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 18,948 $ - $ 18,948
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Mortgage warehouse
Performing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Non-performing - - - - - - - - -
Total mortgage warehouse $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Term
Loans Revolving
Loans Total
Consumer
Direct installment
Performing $ 11,306 $ 59,850 $ 9,510 $ 5,398 $ 2,679 $ 6,003 $ 60 $ 1,918 $ 96,724
Non-performing 1 374 46 19 - 26 - - 466
Total direct installment $ 11,307 $ 60,224 $ 9,556 $ 5,417 $ 2,679 $ 6,029 $ 60 $ 1,918 $ 97,190
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 72 $ 93 $ 169 $ 1 $ 35 $ 78 $ 9 $ - $ 457
Indirect installment
Performing $ 26,839 $ 70,143 $ 130,610 $ 49,458 $ 17,647 $ 7,304 $ - $ - $ 302,001
Non-performing - 425 800 304 242 129 - - 1,900
Total indirect installment $ 26,839 $ 70,568 $ 131,410 $ 49,762 $ 17,889 $ 7,433 $ - $ - $ 303,901
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 161 $ 449 $ 1,345 $ 527 $ 188 $ 99 $ - $ - $ 2,769
Home equity
Performing $ 13,552 $ 21,845 $ 16,136 $ 5,110 $ 1,902 $ 9,210 $ 18,657 $ 470,753 $ 557,165
Non-performing - 421 426 - 30 296 6,465 81 7,719
Total home equity 13,552 22,266 16,562 5,110 1,932 9,506 25,122 470,834 564,884
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ - $ 23 $ 52 $ 88 $ - $ 39 $ 110 $ 11 $ 323
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The following table presents loans by credit grades and origination year at December 31, 2023.
December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Term
Loans Revolving
Loans Total
Commercial
Owner occupied real estate
Pass $ 66,814 $ 101,620 $ 73,199 $ 44,067 $ 41,726 $ 173,913 $ 93,432 $ 8,226 $ 602,997
Special Mention 3,920 490 3,777 - 2,038 8,128 - 452 18,805
Substandard 1,376 - 6,490 966 228 9,339 530 - 18,929
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total owner occupied real estate $ 72,110 $ 102,110 $ 83,466 $ 45,033 $ 43,992 $ 191,380 $ 93,962 $ 8,678 $ 640,731
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 3 $ 401 $ - $ 404
Non-owner occupied real estate
Pass $ 116,031 $ 197,702 $ 149,540 $ 104,591 $ 83,394 $ 303,191 $ 246,569 $ 9,878 $ 1,210,896
Special Mention 1,366 16,135 1,334 254 845 36,590 - - 56,524
Substandard - - - 185 - 6,233 - - 6,418
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total non-owner occupied real estate $ 117,397 $ 213,837 $ 150,874 $ 105,030 $ 84,239 $ 346,014 $ 246,569 $ 9,878 $ 1,273,838
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 9 $ - $ - $ 9
Residential spec homes
Pass $ - $ - $ 498 $ - $ - $ - $ 5,852 $ 7,139 $ 13,489
Special Mention - - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total residential spec homes $ - $ - $ 498 $ - $ - $ - $ 5,852 $ 7,139 $ 13,489
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 29 $ - $ 29
Development & spec land
Pass $ 5,133 $ 1,477 $ 990 $ 390 $ 247 $ 3,146 $ 20,236 $ 170 $ 31,789
Special Mention - - - - - - 1,529 - 1,529
Substandard - - - - - 104 617 - 721
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total development & spec land $ 5,133 $ 1,477 $ 990 $ 390 $ 247 $ 3,250 $ 22,382 $ 170 $ 34,039
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Commercial & industrial
Pass $ 121,969 $ 151,847 $ 93,709 $ 12,154 $ 20,497 $ 59,041 $ 60,539 $ 147,773 $ 667,529
Special Mention 1,434 726 265 2,137 119 1,305 9,375 18,836 34,197
Substandard 1,595 703 223 211 768 2,404 2,863 2,370 11,137
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Doubtful - - - - - - - - -
Total commercial & industrial $ 124,998 $ 153,276 $ 94,197 $ 14,502 $ 21,384 $ 62,750 $ 72,777 $ 168,979 $ 712,863
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ 33 $ - $ 123 $ 25 $ 72 $ 344 $ - $ 597
December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving
Term Loans Revolving
Loans Total
Real estate
Residential mortgage
Performing $ 40,920 $ 154,803 $ 157,480 $ 85,159 $ 30,464 $ 177,411 $ - $ - $ 646,237
Non-performing 118 1,591 748 259 647 4,695 - - 8,058
Total residential mortgage $ 41,038 $ 156,394 $ 158,228 $ 85,418 $ 31,111 $ 182,106 $ - $ - $ 654,295
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ 28 $ - $ - $ - $ 20 $ - $ - $ 48
Residential construction
Performing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 26,841 $ - $ 26,841
Non-performing - - - - - - - - -
Total residential construction $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 26,841 $ - $ 26,841
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Mortgage warehouse
Performing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 45,078 $ 45,078
Non-performing - - - - - - - - -
Total mortgage warehouse - - - - - - - 45,078 45,078
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Term
Loans Revolving
Loans Total
Consumer
Direct installment
Performing $ 14,835 $ 13,447 $ 7,859 $ 4,246 $ 4,449 $ 5,074 $ 6 $ 2,362 $ 52,278
Non-performing - 44 10 - 27 7 - - 88
Total direct installment $ 14,835 $ 13,491 $ 7,869 $ 4,246 $ 4,476 $ 5,081 $ 6 $ 2,362 $ 52,366
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ 33 $ 28 $ 31 $ 10 $ 32 $ 27 $ 6 $ - $ 167
Indirect installment
Performing $ 65,260 $ 191,871 $ 80,773 $ 35,995 $ 16,690 $ 8,159 $ - $ - $ 398,748
Non-performing 49 424 312 229 124 60 - - 1,198
Total indirect installment $ 65,309 $ 192,295 $ 81,085 $ 36,224 $ 16,814 $ 8,219 $ - $ - $ 399,946
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ 86 $ 1,388 $ 708 $ 137 $ 58 $ 74 $ - $ - $ 2,451
Home equity
Performing $ 26,376 $ 21,379 $ 5,121 $ 2,447 $ 3,885 $ 9,987 $ 12,713 $ 478,673 $ 560,581
Non-performing - 212 - 54 177 260 2,860 - 3,563
Total home equity 26,376 21,591 5,121 2,501 4,062 10,247 15,573 478,673 564,144
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 $ - $ 10 $ - $ 103 $ - $ 91 $ 13 $ - $ 217
Note 5 - Allowance for Credit and Loan Losses
The following table represents, by loan portfolio segment, a summary of changes in the ACL on loans for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Commercial Real Estate Mortgage Warehouse Consumer Total
Balance, beginning of period $ 29,736 $ 2,503 $ 481 $ 17,309 $ 50,029
Credit loss expense (reversal) 1,018 184 (481) 3,133 3,854
Charge-offs (154) (5) - (3,549) (3,708)
Recoveries 353 33 - 1,419 1,805
Balance, end of period $ 30,953 $ 2,715 $ - $ 18,312 $ 51,980
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial Real Estate Mortgage Warehouse Consumer Total
Balance, beginning of period $ 32,445 $ 5,577 $ 1,020 $ 11,422 $ 50,464
Credit loss expense (reversal) (1,765) (3,107) (539) 7,501 2,090
Charge-offs (1,403) (48) - (2,835) (4,286)
Recoveries 459 81 - 1,221 1,761
Balance, end of period $ 29,736 $ 2,503 $ 481 $ 17,309 $ 50,029
The accrued interest receivable on our loan receivables is excluded from the allowance for credit loss estimate and is included in interest receivable on our consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the accrued interest on our loan portfolio was $25.6 million and $23.7 million, respectively.
The Company utilized the Cumulative Loss Rate method in determining expected future credit losses. The loss rate method measures the amount of loan charge-offs, net of recoveries, (“loan losses”) recognized over the life of a closed pool and compares those loan losses to the outstanding loan balance of that pool as of a specific point in time (“pool date”).
To estimate a CECL loss rate for the pool, management first identifies the loan losses recognized between the pool date and the reporting date for the pool and determines which loan losses were related to loans outstanding at the pool date. The loss rate method then divides the loan losses recognized on loans outstanding as of the pool date by the outstanding loan balance as of the pool date.
The Company’s expected loss estimate is anchored in historical credit loss experience, with an emphasis on all available portfolio data. The Company’s historical look-back period includes January 2009 through the current period, on a monthly basis. When historical credit loss experience is not sufficient for a specific portfolio, the Company may supplement its own portfolio data with external models or data. The Company supplemented data for 2009 and 2010 with the use of adjusted Uniform Bank Performance Report peer group data.
Qualitative reserves reflect management’s overall estimate of the extent to which current expected credit losses on collectively evaluated loans will differ from historical loss experience. The analysis takes into consideration other analytics performed within the organization, such as enterprise and concentration management, along with other credit-related analytics as deemed appropriate. Management attempts to quantify qualitative reserves whenever possible.
The Company’s CECL estimate applies to a forecast that incorporates macroeconomic trends and other environmental factors. Management utilized Moody's economic forecast scenarios including both National and Regional econometrics, as well as management judgment, as the basis for the forecast period. The historical loss rate was utilized as the base rate, and qualitative adjustments were utilized to reflect the forecast and other relevant factors.
The Company segments the loan portfolio into pools based on the following risk characteristics: financial asset type, loan purpose, collateral type, loan characteristics, credit characteristics, outstanding loan balances, contractual terms and prepayment assumptions, industry of the borrower and concentrations, and historical or expected credit loss patterns.
Liability for Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit
The following tables represent, by loan portfolio segment, a summary of changes in the activity in the liability for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit (See Note 18):
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Balance, beginning of period Credit loss expense (reversal) Ending balance Balance, beginning of period Credit loss expense (reversal) Ending balance
Commercial $ - $ 1,385 $ 1,385 $ - $ - $ -
Real Estate 64 (3) 61 161 (97) 64
Mortgage Warehouse - - - - - -
Consumer 551 152 703 242 309 551
Total $ 615 $ 1,534 $ 2,149 $ 403 $ 212 $ 615
Note 6 - Premises and Equipment
December 31
2024 December 31
Land $ 31,310 $ 31,310
Buildings and improvements 91,911 89,637
Furniture and equipment 40,655 37,879
Total cost 163,876 158,826
Accumulated depreciation (70,012) (64,243)
Net premises and equipment $ 93,864 $ 94,583
Depreciation of premises and equipment included in net occupancy expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $5.8 million, $5.9 million, and $5.7 million, respectively.
Note 7 - Loan Servicing
Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of loans serviced for others totaled approximately $1.438 billion and $1.479 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Activity for mortgage servicing rights and the related impairment allowance were as follows:
December 31
2024 December 31
2023 December 31
Mortgage servicing rights
Balances, beginning of period $ 18,807 $ 18,619 $ 17,780
Servicing rights capitalized 1,359 1,220 3,184
Amortization of servicing rights (1,971) (1,032) (2,345)
Balances, December 31 18,195 18,807 18,619
Impairment allowance
Balances, beginning of period - - (2,594)
Additions - - -
Reductions - - 2,594
Balances, December 31 - - -
Mortgage servicing rights, net $ 18,195 $ 18,807 $ 18,619
Fair value, beginning of period $ 19,891 $ 19,992 $ 15,236
Fair value, end of period $ 19,766 $ 19,891 $ 19,992
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Fair value at December 31, 2024 was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis with the discount rates ranging from 9.0% to 11.5% and prepayment speeds ranging from 5.6% to 13.3%, depending on the stratification of the specific right. Fair value at December 31, 2023 was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis with a discount rate of 11.0% and prepayment speeds ranging from 6.4% to 9.5%, depending on the stratification of the specific right.
Note 8 - Goodwill
The carrying amount of goodwill was $155.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that indicate an impairment may exist. When assessing goodwill for impairment, first, a qualitative assessment can be made to determine whether it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its estimated carrying value. If the results of the qualitative assessment are not conclusive, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. Alternatively, a quantitative goodwill test can be performed without performing a qualitative assessment.
No goodwill impairment charges were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2024, Horizon elected to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeded its carrying value. The qualitative assessment indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeded its carrying value, resulting in no impairment.
As a result of acquisitions, the Company has recorded certain amortizable intangible assets related to core deposit intangibles. These core deposit intangibles are being amortized over 7 years to 10 years using an accelerated method and had a weighted average remaining life of 4.14 years and 4.96 years as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Amortizable intangible assets are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Gross Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization
Amortizable intangible assets
Core deposit intangible $ 33,633 $ (23,410) $ 35,190 $ (21,564)
Amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $3.4 million, $3.6 million and $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Estimated amortization for the years ending December 31 is as follows:
Year Amount
2025 $ 3,044
2026 2,566
2027 2,119
2028 1,754
2029 512
Thereafter 228
$ 10,223
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Note 9 - Deposits
December 31
2024 December 31
Non-interest bearing demand deposits $ 1,064,818 $ 1,116,005
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest bearing demand deposits 1,767,984 1,688,986
Money market 960,008 897,125
Savings deposits 718,689 783,038
Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more 549,361 632,846
Certificates of deposit of less than $250,000 539,792 546,893
Total interest-bearing deposits $ 4,535,834 $ 4,548,888
Total deposits $ 5,600,652 $ 5,664,893
There were no overdraft customer transaction deposits reclassified as loan balances at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The aggregate amount of certificate of deposits (CD) and other time deposits (TD) in denominations of $100,000 or more at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $775.7 million and $863.5 million, respectively.
Certificates and other time deposits for both retail and brokered maturing in years ending December 31 are as follows:
Retail Brokered Total
2025 $ 924,549 $ 99,509 $ 1,024,058
2026 33,733 15,023 48,756
2027 9,165 - 9,165
2028 2,826 - 2,826
2029 4,329 - 4,329
Thereafter 19 - 19
$ 974,621 $ 114,532 $ 1,089,153
Deposits received in the ordinary course of business from the directors and officers of the Company and their related interests amounted to $1.3 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Note 10 - Borrowings
December 31
2024 December 31
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, variable and fixed rates ranging from 2.63% to 4.07%, due at various dates through May 22, 2034
$ 1,130,148 $ 750,264
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, fixed rates ranging from 0.01% to 4.43%, due overnight and continuous
89,912 136,030
Federal funds purchased - -
Federal Reserve Bank - Bank Term Funding Program - 430,000
Secured borrowings, fixed rates ranging from 3.75% to 9.75%, due at various dates through March 28, 2043
12,192 36,756
Total borrowings $ 1,232,252 $ 1,353,050
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The weighted average interest rate for FHLB advances was 3.51% at December 31, 2024.
The Federal Home Loan Bank advances are secured by first and second mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans and mortgage warehouse loans totaling approximately $2.3 billion. Advances are subject to restrictions or penalties in the event of prepayment. At December 31, 2024, the Bank had a total of $930 million in putable advances. The initial call dates for these advances range from January 31, 2025 to March 19, 2025 even though maturity dates extend beyond those dates.
At December 31, 2024, the Bank had available approximately $1.5 billion in credit lines with various money center banks, including the FHLB.
Contractual maturities in years ending December 31 are as follows:
Year Amount
2025 294,638
2026 75
2027 -
2028 -
Thereafter 937,539
$ 1,232,252
Note 11 - Repurchase Agreements
The Company transfers various securities to customers in exchange for cash at the end of each business day and agrees to acquire the securities at the end of the next business day for the cash exchanged plus interest. The process is repeated at the end of each business day until the agreement is terminated. The securities underlying the agreement remained under the Company’s control.
The following tables show repurchase agreements accounted for as secured borrowings and the related securities, at fair value, pledged for repurchase agreements:
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2024
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight
and
Continuous Up to 30 Days 30-90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total
Repurchase Agreements and repurchase-to-maturity transactions
U.S Treasury and federal agencies $ 34,191 $ 34,191
US government agency mortgage-backed securities $ 55,721 $ - $ - $ - $ 55,721
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools - - - - -
Total borrowings $ 89,912 $ - $ - $ - $ 89,912
Repurchase Agreements subject to offsetting arrangements $ -
December 31, 2023
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight
and
Continuous Up to 30 Days 30-90 Days Greater Than 90 Days Total
Repurchase Agreements and repurchase-to-maturity transactions
US government agency mortgage-backed securities $ 128,594 $ - $ - $ - $ 128,594
Private labeled mortgage-backed pools 7,436 - - - 7,436
Total borrowings $ 136,030 $ - $ - $ - $ 136,030
Repurchase Agreements subject to offsetting arrangements -
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are secured by securities with a carrying amount of $96.8 million and $145.2 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Note 12 - Subordinated Notes
On June 24, 2020, Horizon issued $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes (the “Notes”). The Notes were offered in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. The Notes mature on July 1, 2030 (the “Maturity Date”). From and including the date of original issuance to, but excluding, July 1, 2025 or the date of earlier redemption (the “fixed rate period”), the Notes bear interest at an initial rate of 5.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2021. The last interest payment date for the fixed rate period will be July 1, 2025. From and including July 1, 2025 to, but excluding, the Maturity Date or the date of earlier redemption (the “floating rate period”), the Notes bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to the benchmark rate, which is expected to be Three-Month Term SOFR (the “Benchmark Rate”), plus 549 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1 of each year, commencing on October 1, 2025. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Benchmark Rate is less than zero, the Benchmark Rate shall be deemed to be zero.
Horizon may, at its option, beginning with the interest payment date of July 1, 2025 and on any interest payment date thereafter, redeem the Notes, in whole or in part. The Notes will not otherwise be redeemable by Horizon prior to maturity, unless certain events occur. The redemption price for any redemption is 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the date of redemption. Any early redemption of the Notes will be subject to the receipt of the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to the extent then required under applicable laws or regulations, including capital regulations.
The Notes are unsecured subordinated obligations, and rank pari passu, or equally, with all of Horizon's future unsecured subordinated debt and are junior to all existing and future senior debt. The Notes are structurally
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of Horizon's subsidiaries, including the deposit liabilities and claims of other creditors of Horizon Bank, and are effectively subordinated to Horizon’s existing and future secured indebtedness. There is no sinking fund for the Notes. The Notes are obligations of Horizon only and are not obligations of, and are not guaranteed by, any of Horizon’s subsidiaries.
On December 8, 2023, Horizon cancelled $3.5 million of the $60.0 million in Notes at a price of 89.5 recording a gain of $368 thousand. The balance net of unamortized issuance costs of the Notes was $55.7 million and $55.5 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Unamortized debt issuance costs were $0.8 million and $1.0 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Note 13 - Junior Subordinated Debentures Issued to Capital Trusts
In October of 2004, Horizon formed Horizon Statutory Trust II (“Trust II”), a wholly owned statutory business trust. Trust II sold $10.0 million of Trust Preferred Capital Securities as a participant in a pooled trust preferred securities offering. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used by the trust to purchase an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures from Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of Trust II and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities pay interest and dividends on a quarterly basis. The junior subordinated debentures and the securities bear interest at a rate of 3 Month CME Term SOFR plus 2.21% (6.73% at December 31, 2024) and mature on November 23, 2034, and securities may be called at any quarterly interest payment date at par.
In December of 2006, Horizon formed Horizon Bancorp Capital Trust III (“Trust III”), a wholly owned statutory business trust. Trust III sold $12.0 million of Trust Preferred Capital Securities as a participant in a pooled trust preferred securities offering. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used by the trust to purchase an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures from Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of Trust III and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities pay interest and dividends on a quarterly basis. The junior subordinated debentures and the securities bear interest at a rate of 3 Month CME Term SOFR plus 1.91% (6.50% at December 31, 2024) and mature on January 30, 2037, and securities may be called at any quarterly interest payment date at par.
The Company assumed additional debentures as the result of the acquisition of Alliance Bank Corporation in 2005. In June 2004, Alliance formed Alliance Financial Statutory Trust I a wholly owned business trust (“Alliance Trust”), to sell $5.0 million in trust preferred securities. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used by the trust to purchase an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures from Alliance. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of Alliance Trust and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities pay interest and dividends on a quarterly basis. The junior subordinated debentures and the securities bear interest at a rate of 3 Month CME Term SOFR plus 2.91% (7.26% at December 31, 2024) and mature in June 2034, and securities may be called at any quarterly interest payment date at par.
The Company assumed additional debentures as the result of the American Trust & Savings Bank purchase and assumption in 2010. In March 2004, Am Tru Inc., the holding company for American Trust & Savings Bank, formed Am Tru Statutory Trust I a wholly owned business trust (“Am Tru Trust”), to sell $3.5 million in trust preferred securities. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used by the trust to purchase an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures from Am Tru Inc. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of Am Tru Trust and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities pay interest and dividends on a quarterly basis. The junior subordinated debentures and the securities bear interest at a rate of 3 Month CME Term SOFR plus 2.85% (8.05% at December 31, 2024) and mature in December 2033, and securities may be called at any quarterly interest payment date at par.
The Company assumed additional debentures as the result of the Heartland merger in July 2012. In December 2006, Heartland formed Heartland (IN) Statutory Trust II a wholly owned business trust (“Heartland Trust”), to sell $3.0 million in trust preferred securities. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used by the trust to purchase an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures from Heartland. The junior subordinated
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
debentures are the sole assets of Heartland Trust and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities pay interest and dividends on a quarterly basis. The junior subordinated debentures and the securities bear interest at a rate of 3 Month CME Term SOFR plus 1.93% (6.29% at December 31, 2024) and mature in December 2036, and securities may be called at any quarterly interest payment date at par. The carrying value was $2.2 million, net of the remaining purchase discount, at December 31, 2024.
The Company assumed additional debentures as the result of the LaPorte merger in July 2016. In October 2007, LaPorte assumed debentures as the result of its acquisition of City Savings Financial Corporation (“City Savings”). In June 2003, City Savings formed City Savings Statutory Trust I a wholly owned business trust (“City Savings Trust”), to sell $5.0 million in trust preferred securities. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used by the trust to purchase an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures from City Savings. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of City Savings Trust and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities pay interest and dividends on a quarterly basis. The junior subordinated debentures and the securities bear interest at a rate of 3 Month CME Term SOFR plus 3.10% (8.02% at December 31, 2024) and mature in June 2033, and securities may be called at any quarterly interest payment date at par. The carrying value was $4.6 million, net of the remaining purchase discount, at December 31, 2024.
The Company assumed additional debentures as the result of the Salin merger in March 2019. In October 2003, Salin Bancshares, Inc. (“Salin”) formed Salin Statutory Trust I (“Salin Trust”), to sell $19.0 million in trust preferred securities. The proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities were used by the trust to purchase an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures from Salin. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of Salin Trust and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Horizon. The junior subordinated debentures and the securities bear interest at a rate of 3 Month CME Term SOFR plus 2.95% (3.21% at December 31, 2024) and mature in October 2033, and securities may be called at any quarterly interest payment date at par. The carrying value was $18.4 million, net of the remaining purchase discount, at December 31, 2024.
The Trust Preferred Capital Securities, subject to certain limitations, are included in Tier 1 Capital for regulatory purposes. Dividends on the Trust Preferred Capital Securities are recorded as interest expense.
Note 14 - Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
The Company sponsors a supplemental retirement plan for a select group of management or highly compensated employees of the Company under the 2005 Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the “SERP”). This plan was effective January 1, 2005, to replace the SERP originally effective January 1, 1993, which has been frozen. The SERP provides participating officers with the ability to defer income in addition to the benefits provided under the Company's Employee Thrift Plan.
The SERP is a deferred compensation plan under which benefits are derived based on a notional account balance to be funded by the Company for each participating officer. The account balance was credited each year with a Company matching contribution of $20,000 or $35,000 based on the officer's plan. Plan participants could select from two investment options which included cash or stock units of the Company's stock. Assets of the SERP (i.e. the participants' account balances) were not physically invested in the investments selected by the participants; rather, they are utilized for the purpose of debiting or crediting additional amounts to each participants' account. The Company informally funded its obligation to plan participants in a rabbi trust, which is consolidated by the Company, and is comprised of a money market fund and Company stock reported at fair value based on quoted market prices. The assets held in the rabbi trust were reported at their estimated fair value of $10.7 million at December 31, 2024 and were included in cash and other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Effective December 3, 2024, the Company eliminated its common stock as an investment alternative available under Horizon’s 2005 Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended (the “Amended SERP”). As a result, the 203,440 shares of Horizon common stock beneficially owned under the SERP were liquidated. The amounts held in the rabbi trust were reported at their estimated fair value of $10.6 million at December 31, 2023 and were included in cash and stockholders' equity in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The related accrued benefit cost (representing the Company's benefit obligation to participants) of $10.7 million and $10.6 million at
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, was recorded in other liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
The SERP is accounted for pursuant to FASB ASC section 710-10, “Compensation - Overall” (“ASC 710-10”). SERP participants are credited with a contribution to an account and will receive, upon separation, a benefit based upon the vested amount accrued in their account, which includes both the officer's and Company's contributions plus or minus the increase or decrease in the fair market value of the SERP assets selected by the participant. ASC 710-10 requires the Company to record a liability and related compensation expense during the service period. The Company is accruing the expense under the assumption that all participants in the SERP will achieve full vesting (five years of service). Following the vesting period, the liability continues to be remeasured each reporting period until extinguishment of the liability, with offsetting adjustments to compensation costs. The Company matching contribution and related expense was $433 thousand, $344 thousand and $404 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans
The Employee Thrift Plan (“Plan”) provides that all employees of Horizon with the requisite hours of service are eligible for the Plan. The Plan permits voluntary employee contributions and Horizon may make discretionary matching and profit sharing contributions. Each eligible employee is vested according to a schedule based upon years of service. Employee voluntary contributions are vested at all times. The Bank’s expense related to the Plan totaled approximately $1.7 million in 2024, $1.9 million in 2023 and $1.9 million in 2022.
The Plan owned a total of 680,785 shares of Horizon’s stock or 1.5% of the outstanding shares as of December 31, 2024.
Note 16 - Income Tax
December 31
2024 December 31
2023 December 31
Income tax expense
Currently payable
Federal $ 8,558 $ 14,980 $ 9,111
State 363 (640) 888
Deferred
Federal (15,528) (3,393) 2,208
State (1,472) 71 (31)
Total income tax expense $ (8,079) $ 11,018 $ 12,176
Reconciliation of federal statutory to actual tax expense
Federal statutory income tax at 21% $ 5,743 $ 8,190 $ 22,173
Tax exempt interest (6,427) (6,777) (6,623)
Tax exempt BOLI income (273) (779) (746)
Stock compensation 150 (88) (232)
Revaluation of deferred tax assets (5,201) 5,201 -
Other tax exempt income - (371) (454)
State tax, net of federal tax effect (1,185) 142 676
Tax credit investments, net of amortization (1,290) (2,976) (2,774)
BOLI redemption ordinary income - 5,316 -
BOLI redemption excise - 2,532 -
Nondeductible and other 404 628 156
Actual tax expense $ (8,079) $ 11,018 $ 12,176
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31
2024 December 31
Assets
Allowance for credit losses $ 12,590 $ 12,546
Net operating loss and tax credits 10,805 9,592
Director and employee benefits 3,334 2,471
Unrealized loss on securities and cash flow hedge 29,355 17,706
Basis difference in partnership equity investments 1,940 1,322
Capital loss carryover - 5,201
Fair value adjustment on acquisitions 883 -
Other 2,938 2,856
Total assets 61,845 51,694
Liabilities
Depreciation (4,061) (4,512)
State tax - (253)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends (353) (365)
Difference in basis of intangible assets (6,553) (4,545)
Fair value adjustment on acquisitions - (2,142)
Other (1,003) (1,131)
Total liabilities (11,970) (12,948)
Valuation allowance - (5,201)
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) $ 49,875 $ 33,545
During 2024, the Company generated a state net operating loss of $15.1 million that may be carried forward for 15 years. The Company has federal general business tax credits of $10.2 million that can be carried forward twenty years and expire beginning in 2044.
The Company accounts for qualifying investment tax credits using the proportional amortization method and all others under the deferral method. Investment tax credits totaled $7.5 million and $19.7 million for 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The Company recorded no valuation allowance as of December 31, 2024 and a valuation allowance of $5.2 million for December 31, 2023. The Company believes all of its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 will be realized.
Retained earnings of the Bank include approximately $12.8 million for which no deferred income tax liability has been recognized. This amount represents an allocation of previously acquired institutions income to bad debt deductions as of December 31, 1987 for tax purposes only. Reductions of amounts so allocated for purposes other than tax bad debt losses including redemption of bank stock or excess dividends, or loss of “bank” status would create income for tax purposes only, which would be subject to the then-current corporate income tax rate. The unrecorded deferred income tax liability on the above amount for the Company was approximately $2.7 million at December 31, 2024.
The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal, state and local jurisdictions. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Note 17 - Stockholders' Equity
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax included in capital are as follows:
December 31
2024 December 31
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of tax $ (38,193) $ (69,018)
Unamortized gain on securities held to maturity, previously transferred from AFS, net of tax 1,892 2,409
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax - -
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ (36,301) $ (66,609)
Note 18 - Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Commitments, and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.
Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to a client, so long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the credit risk involved in extending loan facilities to clients. The Company’s policy for obtaining collateral, and determining the nature of such collateral, is essentially the same as in the Company’s policies for making commitments to extend credit. The methodology for estimating the liability for unfunded loan commitments is consistent with the allowance for credit losses on loans.
The following table represents the commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Commitments to extend credit $ 1,018,302 $ 1,118,417
Standby letters of credit $ 23,457 $ 16,493
Total $ 1,041,759 $ 1,134,910
Note 19 - Regulatory Capital
Horizon and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. These capital requirements implement changes arising from the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the U.S. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital framework (known as “Basel III”). Failure to meet the minimum regulatory capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators, which if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective actions, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines involving quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
practices. The Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
The Company and Bank are subject to minimum regulatory capital requirements as defined and calculated in accordance with the Basel III-based regulations. As allowed under Basel III rules, the Company made the decision to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. The minimum regulatory capital requirements are set forth in the table below.
In addition, to be categorized as well capitalized, the Company and Bank must maintain Total risk-based, Tier I risk-based, common equity Tier I risk-based and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company and Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to be considered well capitalized. There have been no conditions or events since the end of the year 2024 that management believes have changed the Bank’s classification as well capitalized. There is no threshold for well capitalized status for bank holding companies.
The following table presents Horizon and the Bank’s actual and required capital ratios as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, as well as the revisions to Horizon's regulatory capital ratios to reflect the correction of the capital computations for the foregoing periods:
Actual Required for Capital
Adequacy Purposes(1)
Required For Capital Adequacy Purposes
with Capital Buffer(1)
Well Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective Action
Provisions(1)
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
December 31, 2024
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)(1)
Consolidated $ 800,209 13.91 % $ 460,266 8.00 % $ 604,099 10.50 % N/A N/A
Bank 725,383 12.64 % 459,039 8.00 % 602,489 10.50 % $ 573,799 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)(1)
Consolidated 690,183 12.00 % 345,199 6.00 % 489,033 8.50 % N/A N/A
Bank 671,095 11.70 % 344,279 6.00 % 487,729 8.50 % 459,039 8.00 %
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)(1)
Consolidated 632,760 11.00 % 258,900 4.50 % 402,733 7.00 % N/A N/A
Bank 671,095 11.70 % 258,209 4.50 % 401,659 7.00 % 372,969 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)(1)
Consolidated 690,183 8.88 % 310,825 4.00 % 310,825 4.00 % N/A N/A
Bank 671,095 8.64 % 310,539 4.00 % 310,539 4.00 % 388,174 5.00 %
Actual Required for Capital
Adequacy Purposes(1)
Required For Capital
Adequacy Purposes
with Capital Buffer(1)
Well Capitalized
Under Prompt
Corrective Action
Provisions(1)
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
December 31, 2023
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)(1)
Consolidated (As Revised)* $ 782,598 14.04 % $ 446,000 8.00 % $ 585,374 10.50 % N/A N/A
Consolidated (As Reported) 786,436 14.11 % 446,000 8.00 % 585,374 10.50 % N/A N/A
Bank 714,402 12.87 % 444,147 8.00 % 582,943 10.50 % $ 555,184 10.00 %
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)(1)
Consolidated (As Revised)* 676,411 12.13 % 334,500 6.00 % 473,874 8.50 % N/A N/A
Consolidated (As Reported) 735,792 13.20 % 334,500 6.00 % 473,874 8.50 % N/A N/A
Bank 663,758 11.96 % 333,111 6.00 % 471,907 8.50 % $ 444,147 8.00 %
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)(1)
Consolidated 619,153 11.11 % 250,875 4.50 % 390,250 7.00 % N/A N/A
Bank 663,758 11.96 % 249,833 4.50 % 388,629 7.00 % $ 360,870 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)(1)
Consolidated (As Revised)* 676,411 8.61 % 314,306 4.00 % 314,306 4.00 % N/A N/A
Consolidated (As Reported) 735,792 9.36 % 314,306 4.00 % 314,306 4.00 % N/A N/A
Bank 663,758 8.41 % 315,550 4.00 % 315,550 4.00 % $ 394,438 5.00 %
(1)As defined by regulatory agencies
*Prior periods have been revised (see FN 1 disclosures for the Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements)
Note 20 - Share-Based Compensation
On June 18, 2013, the Board of Directors adopted the Horizon Bancorp 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”), which was approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 8, 2014. Under the 2013 Plan, Horizon may issue up to 1,556,325 common shares, plus the number of shares that are tendered to or withheld by Horizon in connection with the exercise of options under the 2013 Plan plus that number of shares that are purchased by Horizon with the cash proceeds received upon option exercises. The 2013 Plan limits the number of shares available to 225,000 for incentive stock options and to 900,000 for the grant of non-option awards. The shares available for issuance under the 2013 Plan may be divided among the various types of awards and among the participants as the Committee determines. The Committee is authorized to grant any type of award to a participant that is consistent with the provisions of the 2013 Plan. Awards may consist of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance units, performance shares or any combination of these awards. The Committee determines the provisions, terms and conditions of each award. The 2013 Plan was amended on May 3, 2018, upon shareholder approval, primarily to allow grants of other types of stock-based awards, such as awards valued in whole or in part by reference to the value of shares of Horizon common stock. All share data has been adjusted for the 3:2 stock split on June 15, 2018 and November 14, 2016.
The restricted shares can vest over a period of time established by the Committee at the time of each grant, but the restricted shares already granted under the 2013 Plan generally cliff vest at the end of three years of continuous employment. Holders of restricted shares have the same dividend and voting rights as unrestricted shares. The restricted shares are recorded at fair market value (on the date granted) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The cost of these shares is being amortized against earnings using the straight-line method over the vesting period. There were no unvested restricted shares outstanding in the 2013 Plan as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024.
The performance shares that are awarded become earned and vested based on the achievement of certain performance goals during a performance period as established by the Committee at the time of each grant. The performance goals under the outstanding grant agreements are based on a comparison of the Company’s average performance over the performance period for the return on common equity, compounded annual growth rate of total assets, and return on average assets, all as relative to the average performance for publicly traded banks with total assets between $1 billion and $5 billion on the SNL Bank Index. Holders of performance share awards receive pass-through dividends but do not have any voting rights before the performance shares are earned and vested.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
There were no unvested performance shares outstanding in the 2013 Plan as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024.
The options shares granted under the 2013 Plan vest at a rate designated per the individual agreements.
The fair value of options granted is estimated on the date of the grant using an option-pricing model. There have been no options granted since 2019.
A summary of option activity under the 2013 Plan as of December 31, 2024, and changes during the year then ended, is presented below:
Shares Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding, beginning of year 120,680 $ 14.64 136,560
Granted - -
Exercised/Converted (25,882) 10.69
Forfeited - -
Expired - -
Outstanding, end of year 94,798 $ 16.87 2.84 years 56,985
Exercisable, end of year 94,798 $ 16.87 2.84 years 56,985
There have been no options granted under the 2013 Plan during the years 2024, 2023 and 2022. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was approximately $418 thousand, $355 thousand, and $726 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.
On January 19, 2021, the Board of Directors adopted the Horizon Bancorp 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”), which was approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 6, 2021. Under the 2021 Plan, Horizon may issue up to 1,787,548 common shares, plus the number of shares that are tendered to or withheld by Horizon in connection with the exercise of options under the 2021 Plan plus that number of shares that are purchased by Horizon with the cash proceeds received upon option exercises. The Committee is authorized to grant any type of award to a participant that is consistent with the provisions of the 2021 Plan. Awards may consist of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance units, performance shares or any combination of these awards. The Committee determines the provisions, terms and conditions of each award.
The restricted shares can vest over a period of time established by the Committee at the time of each grant, but the restricted shares already granted under the 2021 Plan generally cliff vest at the end of three years of continuous employment. Holders of restricted shares have the same dividend and voting rights as unrestricted shares. The restricted shares are recorded at fair market value (on the date granted) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The cost of these shares is being amortized against earnings using the straight-line method over the vesting period.
The performance shares that are awarded become earned and vested based on the achievement of certain performance goals during a performance period as established by the Committee at the time of each grant. The performance goals under the outstanding grant agreements are based on a comparison of the Company’s average performance over the performance period for the return on common equity, compounded annual growth rate of total assets, and return on average assets, all as relative to the average performance for publicly traded banks with total assets between $5 billion and $10 billion on the SNL Bank Index. Holders of performance awards receive pass-through dividends but do not have any voting rights before the performance shares are earned and vested.
The option shares granted under the 2021 Plan vest at a rate designated per the individual agreements. As of December 31, 2024, there have been no stock options granted under the 2021 Plan.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
A summary of the status of Horizon’s non-vested restricted and performance shares under the 2021 Plan as of December 31, 2024 are presented below:
Shares Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Non-vested, beginning of year 630,721 $ 15.36
Vested (159,006) 17.10
Granted 270,343 11.96
Forfeited (23,861) 14.46
Non-vested, end of year 718,197 $ 13.73
The total fair value of shares vested during 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $2.0 million, $1.8 million, and $1.9 million, respectively.
The Company did not have option-based compensation expense applicable to the Company’s share-based compensation plans for the year ended December 31, 2024 or 2023. Compensation expense recognized in the income statement for option-based payment arrangements during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $13 thousand and the recognized tax benefit related thereto was approximately $3 thousand. The Company does not have any unrecognized option-based compensation expense related to unvested options as of December 31, 2024.
Compensation expense recognized in the income statement for restricted share and performance share based payment arrangements during 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $4.6 million, $3.6 million, and $2.5 million. The recognized tax benefit related thereto was approximately $963 thousand, $753 thousand, and $517 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
There was no cash received from option exercise under all share-based payment arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash received from option exercise under all share-based payment arrangements $145 thousand. The actual tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from option exercise of the share-based payment arrangements totaled $72 thousand, $58 thousand, and $126 thousand, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
As of December 31, 2024, there was $2.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under all of the plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 11 months.
Note 21 - Derivative Financial Instruments
Our hedging policy allows the use of interest rate derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate risk or hedge specified assets and liabilities. All derivative instruments are carried on the balance sheet at their estimated fair value and are recorded in other assets or other liabilities, as appropriate, and in the net change in each of these financial statement line items in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows.
Cash Flow Hedges
As a strategy to maintain acceptable levels of exposure to the risk of changes in future cash flow due to interest rate fluctuations, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement for a portion of its floating rate debt on July 20, 2018. The agreement provides for the Company to receive interest from the counterparty at one month LIBOR and to pay interest to the counterparty at a fixed rate of 2.81% on a notional amount of $50.0 million. Under the agreement, the Company paid or received the net interest amount monthly, with the monthly settlements in interest expense. The Company terminated this interest rate swap agreement on May 23, 2023 and recorded a related gain of $1.5 million as a reduction of interest expense.
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings.
Fair Value Hedges
Fair value hedges are intended to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the underlying hedged item. The Company enters into fixed rate loan agreements as part of its lending policy. To mitigate the risk of changes in fair value based on fluctuations in interest rates, the Company previously entered into interest rate swap agreements on individual loans, converting the fixed rate loans to a variable rate. The Company also previously entered into interest rate swap agreements on individual investment securities, converting the fixed rate security to a variable rate. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company terminated the fair value hedges on loans and securities, recording a deferred gain of $2.3 million on the loan termination that will be accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the underlying loans, and a mark-to-market adjustment of $0.3 million that was recorded in non-interest income on the termination of the fair value hedges against investment securities.
The change in fair value of both the hedge instruments and the underlying loan and security agreements are recorded as gains or losses in non-interest income. The fair value hedges are considered to be highly effective.
Other Derivative Instruments
From time to time, we may enter into certain interest rate swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments. These interest rate derivative contracts relate to transactions in which we enter into an interest rate swap with a customer while concurrently entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with a third-party financial institution. We agree to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable rate and receive interest from the customer on a similar notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, we agree to pay a third-party financial institution the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These interest rate derivative contracts allow our customers to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate loan.
The Company enters into non-hedging derivatives in the form of mortgage loan forward sale commitments with investors and commitments to originate mortgage loans as part of its mortgage banking business. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s fair value of these derivatives were recorded and over the next 12 months are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s net income.
The change in fair value of both the forward sale commitments and commitments to originate mortgage loans were recorded and the net gains or losses included in the Company’s gain on sale of loans.
The following tables summarize the fair value of our derivative financial instruments utilized by Horizon on a gross basis for the periods indicated.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2024
Notional
Amount Fair
Value Notional
Amount Fair
Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts - fair value hedges $ - $ - $ - $ -
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ - $ - $ - $ -
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts - customer accommodation 521,520 28,817 521,520 28,817
Mortgage loan contracts 6,155 27 - -
Commitments to originate mortgage loans 6,856 202 - -
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 534,531 29,046 521,520 28,817
Total derivatives $ 534,531 $ 29,046 $ 521,520 $ 28,817
Total derivatives subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, gross $ 534,531 $ 29,046 $ 521,520 $ 28,817
Less: Gross amounts offset - - - -
Total derivatives subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, net $ 534,531 $ 29,046 $ 521,520 $ 28,817
Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023
Notional
Amount Fair
Value Notional
Amount Fair
Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts - fair value hedges $ 53,468 $ 2,950 $ - $ -
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ 53,468 $ 2,950 $ - $ -
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts - customer accommodation 504,696 23,606 514,881 24,024
Mortgage loan contracts 4,844 33 - -
Commitments to originate mortgage loans 4,351 125 - -
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 513,891 23,764 514,881 24,024
Total derivatives $ 567,359 $ 26,714 $ 514,881 $ 24,024
Total derivatives subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, gross $ 567,359 $ 26,714 $ 514,881 $ 24,024
Less: Gross amounts offset - - - -
Total derivatives subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, net $ 567,359 $ 26,714 $ 514,881 $ 24,024
While the Company is party to master netting arrangements with most of its swap derivative counterparties, the Company has elected to not offset derivative assets and liabilities under these agreements on its consolidated balance sheets. Collateral exchanged between the Company and dealer bank counterparties is generally subject to thresholds and transfer minimums, and usually consists of marketable securities. At December 31, 2024, the Company pledged marketable securities as collateral with a carrying value of $6.0 million.
The effect of the derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the twelve months ended December 31 is as follows:
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivative Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationship
Interest rate contracts $ - $ (1,561) $ 4,463
The effect of the derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the consolidated statements of income for the twelve months ended December 31 is as follows:
Location of gain
(loss)
recognized Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivative Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationship
Interest rate contracts - cash flow hedges Interest expense - Borrowings $ - $ 1,832 $ (628)
The effect of the derivative and the hedged item in fair value hedging relationships on the consolidated statements of income for the twelve months ended December 31 is as follows:
Location of gain (loss)
recognized on derivative and hedged item Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivative and Hedged Item Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts - fair value hedge Interest income - loans receivable $ 1,166 $ 1,169 $ (39)
Hedged item (1,166) (1,169) 39
Interest rate contracts - fair value hedge Interest income - investment securities (220) 240 (99)
Hedged item 220 (240) 99
Total $ - $ - $ -
The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the twelve months ended December 31 is as follows:
Location of gain
(loss)
recognized on derivative Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivative Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Mortgage loan contracts Non-interest income - Gain on sale of loans $ 68 $ 83 $ 188
Commitments to originate mortgage loans Non-interest income - Gain on sale of loans (67) (159) (753)
Total $ 1 $ (76) $ (565)
The following tables summarize the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedging relationships.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Amortized Cost of Hedged Items Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Items
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Loans $ - $ 40,788 $ - $ (2,532)
Note 22 - Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
The Fair Value Measurements topic of the FASB ASC defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 -Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 -Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3 -Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities
Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended December 31, 2024. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.
Available for sale securities
When quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows. Level 2 securities include U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities, state and municipal securities, US. government agency mortgage-backed securities, and mortgage-backed pools and corporate notes. Level 2 securities are valued by a third party pricing service commonly used in the banking industry utilizing observable inputs. Observable inputs include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flow analysis, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment spreads and available credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions. The pricing provider utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary based on asset class. These models incorporate available market information including quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and, because many fixed-income securities do not trade on a daily basis, apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector grouping, and matrix pricing. In addition, model processes, such as an option adjusted spread model, is used to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios for securities with prepayment features.
Equity securities
The fair value of the Company's equity investments is estimated by a third party utilizing readily determinable fair values quoted on an active market.
Interest rate swap agreements
The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements is estimated by a third party using inputs that are primarily unobservable including a yield curve, adjusted for liquidity and credit risk, contracted terms and discounted cash flow analysis, and therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
Commitments to originate mortgage loans and mortgage loan contract assets/liabilities
The Company’s forward commitments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets in an active market with
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
inputs that are observable.
The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying financial statements measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the FASB ASC fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at the following:
December 31, 2024
Carrying Amount Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ 1,801 $ - $ 1,801 $ -
State and municipal 201,834 - 201,834 -
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 14,543 - 14,543 -
Corporate notes 15,499 - 15,499 -
Total available for sale securities 233,677 - 233,677 -
Equity securities 595 595 - -
Interest rate swap agreements asset 28,817 - 28,817 -
Commitments to originate mortgage loans 202 - 202 -
Mortgage loan contracts 27 - 27 -
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements liability (28,817) - (28,817) -
December 31, 2023
Carrying Amount Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies $ 64,377 $ - $ 64,377 $ -
State and municipal 304,030 - 304,030 -
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities 140,877 - 140,877 -
Corporate notes 37,967 - 37,967 -
Total available for sale securities 547,251 - 547,251 -
Equity securities (1)
628 628 - -
Interest rate swap agreements asset 26,556 - 26,556 -
Commitments to originate mortgage loans 125 - 125 -
Mortgage loan contracts 33 - 33 -
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements liability (24,024) - (24,024) -
(1) Prior period equity securities were included in available-for-sale. Updated to align with comparable period.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Certain other assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the ordinary course of business and are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment):
Carrying Amount Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
December 31, 2024
Collateral dependent loans $ 3,797 $ - $ - $ 3,797
December 31, 2023
Collateral dependent loans $ 2,918 $ - $ - $ 2,918
Collateral Dependent Loans: For loans identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method of measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor to the value.
Loans Transferred to Held for Sale: Once a decision has been made to sell loans not previously classified as held for sale, these loans are transferred into the held for sale category and carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At the time of transfer into held for sale classification, any amount by which cost exceeds fair value is accounted for as a valuation allowance. This activity generally pertains to loans with observable inputs, and
therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, should these loans include adjustments for changes in loan characteristics based on unobservable inputs, the loans would then be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were $64.8 million and $0 loans transferred to held for sale on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.
The following table presents qualitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements, other than goodwill, at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
December 31, 2024
Carrying Amount Valuation
Technique Unobservable
Inputs Range
(Weighted Average)
Collateral dependent loans $ 3,797 Collateral based measurement Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability 16.1%-40.1% (36.6%)
December 31, 2023
Carrying Amount Valuation
Technique Unobservable
Inputs Range
(Weighted Average)
Collateral dependent loans $ 2,918 Collateral based measurement Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability 16.9%-34.2% (21.5%)
Note 23 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair value amounts of the Company’s financial instruments were determined using available market information, current pricing information applicable to Horizon and various valuation methodologies. Where market quotations were not available, considerable management judgment was involved in the determination of estimated fair values. Therefore, the estimated fair value of financial instruments shown below may not be representative of the amounts at which they could be exchanged in a current or future transaction. Due to the inherent uncertainties of expected cash flows of financial instruments, the use of alternate valuation assumptions and methods could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
The following table does not include certain financial instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, including some non-recurring financial instruments. See Note 22 for more details.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
The estimated fair values of financial instruments, as shown below, are not intended to reflect the estimated liquidation or market value of Horizon taken as a whole. The disclosed fair value estimates are limited to Horizon’s significant financial instruments at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These include financial instruments recognized as assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as well as certain off-balance sheet financial instruments. The estimated fair values shown below do not include any valuation of assets and liabilities which are not financial instruments as defined by the FASB ASC fair value hierarchy.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents are composed of: cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks, and federal funds sold. The carrying amounts approximate fair value.
Interest-Earning Time Deposits - The carrying amounts approximate fair value.
Held-to-Maturity Securities - For debt securities held to maturity, fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. For those securities where a quoted market price is not available, carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value based upon comparison with similar securities.
Loans Held for Sale - For mortgage loans, the fair value is derived from third party pricing models, based on active quotes. For non-mortgage loans, the assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.
Net Loans - The fair value of net loans are estimated on an exit price basis incorporating discounts for credit, liquidity and marketability factors.
FHLB Stock - Fair value of FHLB stock is based on the price at which it may be resold to the FHLB
Interest Payable - The carrying amounts approximate fair value.
Deposits - The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, interest bearing checking accounts and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date and are classified within Level 1. The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturity and are classified within Level 2.
Borrowings - Rates currently available to Horizon for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate fair values of existing borrowings.
Subordinated Notes - The fair value of subordinated notes is based on discounted cash flows based on current borrowing rates for similar types of instruments.
Junior Subordinated Debentures to Capital Trusts - Rates currently available for debentures with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate fair values of existing debentures.
The following tables present estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2024
Carrying
Amount Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 92,300 $ 92,300 $ - $ -
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 201,131 201,131 - -
Federal funds sold - - - -
Cash and cash equivalents 293,431 293,431 - -
Interest earning time deposits 735 - 735 -
Investment securities, held to maturity 1,867,690 - 1,566,268 -
Loans held for sale 67,597 64,824 2,773
Loans, net 4,795,060 - - 4,611,702
Stock in FHLB 53,826 - 53,826 -
Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits $ 1,064,818 $ 1,064,818 $ - $ -
Interest bearing deposits 4,535,834 3,446,680 1,084,986 -
Borrowings 1,232,252 - 1,230,860 -
Subordinated notes 55,738 - 55,284 -
Junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts 57,477 - 48,559 -
Interest payable 11,137 - 11,137 -
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
December 31, 2023
Carrying
Amount Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 112,772 $ 112,772 $ - $ -
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 413,528 413,528 - -
Federal funds sold 215 215 - -
Cash and cash equivalents 526,515 526,515 - -
Interest earning time deposits 2,205 - 2,190 -
Investment securities, held to maturity 1,945,638 - 1,668,601 -
Loans held for sale 1,418 - - 1,418
Loans, net 4,367,601 - - 4,072,568
Stock in FHLB 34,509 - 34,509 -
Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits $ 1,116,005 $ 1,116,005 $ - $ -
Interest bearing deposits 4,548,888 3,369,149 1,171,452 -
Borrowings 1,353,050 - 1,347,129 -
Subordinated notes 55,543 - 53,283 -
Junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts 57,258 - 50,063 -
Interest payable 22,249 - 22,249 -
Note 24 - General Litigation
As of April 20, 2023, a putative class action lawsuit entitled Chad Key, et al. v. Horizon Bancorp, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:23-cv-02961 (“Securities Action”) was filed against the Company and two of its officers in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The Securities Action asserts claims under §§ 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 alleging, among other things, the Company made materially false and misleading statements and failed to disclose material adverse facts which allegedly resulted in harm to a putative class of purchasers of our securities from March 9, 2022 and March 10, 2023.
As of (1) August 28, 2023, a lawsuit related to the Securities Action was filed by Sally Hundley, derivatively on behalf of the Company, against the Company, as nominal defendant, and 2 of the Company's officers and 10 of its directors and (2) August 31, 2023, a lawsuit also related to the Securities Action was filed by Aziz Chowdhury, derivatively on behalf of the Company, against the Company, as nominal defendant, and 2 of the Company's officers and 10 of its directors (the “Derivatives Actions”) in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The Derivative Actions allege, among other things, breach of the officers and directors' fiduciary duties. The Derivative Actions have been consolidated and stayed pending resolution of any motion to dismiss in the Securities Action.
Based on our initial review of these actions, management believes that the Company has strong defenses to the claims and intends to vigorously defend against them. As of December 31, 2024, no liabilities related to the above matters were recorded because we have concluded such liabilities are not probable and the amounts of such liabilities are not reasonably estimable.
In addition to the matters described above, from time to time, Horizon and its subsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of their business. Management does not expect that the outcome of any such proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Note 25 - Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)
Presented below is condensed financial information as to financial position, results of operations and cash flows of Horizon Bancorp, Inc.:
Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31
2024 December 31
Assets
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 86,938 $ 79,749
Investment in subsidiaries 803,799 765,299
Other assets 9,806 7,008
Total assets $ 900,543 $ 852,056
Liabilities
Subordinated notes $ 55,738 $ 55,543
Junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts 57,477 57,258
Other liabilities 23,748 20,443
Stockholders’ Equity 763,580 718,812
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 900,543 $ 852,056
Condensed Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Operating Income (Expense)
Dividend income from subsidiaries $ 38,000 $ 55,500 $ 34,750
Interest expense (7,906) (8,226) (6,258)
Other income 117 431 45
Salaries and employee benefits (5,351) (3,502) (2,551)
Other expense (434) (370) (411)
Income Before Undistributed Income (Dividends in Excess) of Subsidiaries 24,426 43,833 25,575
Undistributed income (dividends in excess) of subsidiaries 8,198 (17,838) 66,473
Income Before Tax 32,624 25,995 92,048
Income tax benefit 2,805 1,986 1,360
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Net Income $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Change in fair value of derivative instruments:
Change in fair value of derivative instruments for the period - (523) 5,649
Reclassification adjustment for swap termination gain realized in income - (1,453) -
Income tax effect - 415 (1,186)
Changes from derivative instruments - (1,561) 4,463
Change in securities:
Unrealized gain (loss) for the period on available for sale securities (120) 20,728 (147,345)
Reclassification of gain (loss) from available for sale securities to held to maturity securities - - (794)
Amortization (accretion) from transfer of securities from available for sale to held to maturity securities (657) (691) (1,236)
Reclassification adjustment for securities (gains) losses realized in income 39,140 32,052 -
Income tax effect (8,055) (10,939) 31,369
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities 30,308 41,150 (118,006)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax 30,308 39,589 (113,543)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) $ 65,737 $ 67,570 $ (20,135)
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31
2024 2023 2022
Operating Activities
Net income $ 35,429 $ 27,981 $ 93,408
Items not requiring (providing) cash
Dividends in excess (equity in undistributed net income) of subsidiaries (8,198) 17,838 (66,473)
Change in:
Share based compensation 4,586 3,586 2,475
Other assets (4,621) 7,184 (284)
Other liabilities 3,717 (413) 120
Net cash provided by operating activities 30,913 56,176 29,246
Investing Activities
Capital contribution to subsidiary - - -
Other investing activities 1,829 1,762 -
Net cash provided by investing activities 1,829 1,762 -
Financing Activities
Other change in borrowings - 378 388
Repurchase of outstanding stock - - -
Dividends paid on common shares (28,328) (28,311) (27,765)
Net settlement of share awards (1,371) (1,221) (1,824)
Other 4,146 - -
Stock option exercises - - 145
Repayment of subordinated notes - (3,132) -
Net cash used in financing activities (25,553) (32,286) (29,056)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents 7,189 25,652 190
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year 79,749 54,097 53,907
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year $ 86,938 $ 79,749 $ 54,097
Note 26 - Segment Reporting
Horizon Bancorp has one reportable segment. Business activities are managed on a consolidated basis and revenues are derived primarily through commercial banking, offering retail banking and private wealth management from North America. Horizon Bancorp’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM assesses performance and allocates resources based on consolidated net income, as reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income, and the same accounting policies are applied as described in the Note 1 - Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
The CODM uses net income to evaluate income generated from segment assets in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the business or distribute dividends to shareholders. The CODM also uses net income in competitive analysis by benchmarking against Horizon Bancorp’s competitors. The competitive analysis, along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results, is used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing management’s compensation.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Note 27 - Subsequent Events
As previously disclosed, during the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company elected to transfer its mortgage warehouse loan portfolio at the lower of unamortized cost or fair market value to loans held for sale from the held for investment loan portfolio. On January 17, 2025, the Company completed the sale of its mortgage warehouse loan portfolio to an unrelated third party, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $7.0 million to be recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Audit Committee, Board of Directors, and Shareholders
Horizon Bancorp, Inc.
Michigan City, Indiana
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Horizon Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 14, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)
As described in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) was $52 million at December 31, 2024. The Company utilized the Cumulative Loss Rate method in determining expected future credit losses. The loss rate method measures the amount of loan charge-offs, net of recoveries, (“loan losses”) recognized over the life of a closed pool and compares those loan losses to the outstanding loan balance of that pool as of a specific point in time (“pool date”). The credit loss factors applied are determined based on the weighted-average of externally developed macroeconomic scenarios that take into consideration the Company’s economic outlook as derived through forecast macroeconomic variables. Management utilized
economic forecast scenarios including both National and Regional econometrics, as well as management judgment, as the basis for the forecast period.
We identified the economic forecast adjustment element of the quantitative component of the ACL as a critical audit matter. The principal considerations for our determination included the significant judgment and estimation by management in the determination of a reasonable and supportable forecasts of macroeconomic variables.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
•We obtained an understanding of the Company’s process for establishing the ACL, including the economic forecast adjustment.
•Evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls over completeness and accuracy of inputs into the model, and the significant judgements applied in the application of economic forecast adjustments
•Assessed management’s process for developing the economic forecasting adjustments and determining the reasonableness of the forecasting adjustments applied in the ACL estimate which included:
◦Evaluating managements reasonable and supportable weighting of economic forecast scenarios, using evidence from internal and external sources.
◦Evaluating whether the macroeconomic variables selected by management to determine economic forecasts are correlated to historical net charge-offs of the Company.
•Evaluated the mathematical accuracy of the economic forecast adjustments applied in the ACL estimate.
•Evaluated the reasonableness of the overall ACL and related economic forecasting adjustments to determine whether the ACL appropriately reflects expected credit losses by assessing trends in relevant factors and evaluating the relationship of those trends to the overall ACL and related economic forecast adjustments applied to the ACL.
/s/ Forvis Mazars, LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.
Indianapolis, Indiana
March 14, 2025
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Audit Committee, Board of Directors, and Shareholders
Horizon Bancorp, Inc.
Michigan City, Indiana
Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Horizon Bancorp, Inc.’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and our report dated March 14, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definitions and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of reliable financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Forvis Mazars, LLP
Indianapolis, Indiana
March 14, 2025
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Management is responsible for the preparation and presentation of the consolidated financial statements and related notes on the preceding pages. The statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America appropriate in the circumstances and include amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Financial information elsewhere in the Annual Report is consistent with that in the consolidated financial statements.
In meeting its responsibility for the accuracy of the consolidated financial statements, management relies on Horizon’s system of internal accounting controls. This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and transactions are properly recorded to permit the preparation of appropriate financial information. The system of internal controls is supplemented by a program of internal audits to independently evaluate the adequacy and application of financial and operating controls and compliance with Company policies and procedures.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors meets periodically with management, the independent accountants and the internal auditors to ensure that each is properly discharging its responsibilities with regard to the consolidated financial statements and internal accounting controls. The independent accountants have full and free access to the Audit Committee and meet with it to discuss auditing and financial reporting matters.
The consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report have been audited by Forvis Mazars, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, for 2024, 2023 and 2022. Their audits were conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and included consideration of internal accounting controls, tests of accounting records and other audit procedures to the extent necessary to allow them to express their opinion on the fairness of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision of and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Horizon has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, Horizon’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by Horizon in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in those reports is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of Horizon is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Horizon’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
Management assessed the effectiveness of Horizon’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that Horizon’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 was effective based on the specified criteria.
Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm
Forvis Mazars, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. The report, which expresses an unqualified opinion of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 8, following Forvis Mazars, LLP’s audit report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Horizon’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, also have concluded that no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None of our Directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information relating to Horizon’s directors and executive officers required by this item is found in the Proxy Statement under “Proposal I - Election of Directors” and “Information About Our Executive Officers”, respectively, and is incorporated into this report and item by reference.
The information relating to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors required by this item is found in the Proxy Statement under “Corporate Governance - Audit Committee” and is incorporated into this report and item by reference.
The information contained under the section captioned “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated into this report and item by reference.
Horizon’s “Code of Ethics for Executive Officers and Directors” applies to its directors, chief executive officer and chief financial officer. The code is available on Horizon’s website at http://www.horizonbank.com/ in the section headed “About Us - Investor Relations” under the caption “Corporate Information - Corporate Governance.”

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information on executive and director compensation and compensation committee matters required by this item can be found in the Proxy Statement under “Corporate Governance,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation Tables”, "Other Compensation and Compensation-Related Policies" and “Compensation of Directors” and is incorporated into this report and item by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table presents information regarding grants under all equity compensation plans of Horizon through December 31, 2024.
Plan Category Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in the First Column)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 94,798 $ 16.87 921,970
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders - $ - -
94,798 16.87 921,970
The other information required by this item can be found in the Proxy Statement under “Common Share Ownership of Management and Certain Beneficial Owners” and is incorporated by reference into this report and item.
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is found in the Proxy Statement under “Corporate Governance” and “Certain Business Relationships and Transactions” and is incorporated by reference into this report and item.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference into this report and item from the Proxy Statement section captioned “Auditor Fees and Services.”
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)Documents Filed As Part of This Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1. Financial Statements
The following financial statements are filed as part of this document under Item 8:
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Income, years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
2. Financial Statement Schedules
Financial statement schedules are omitted for the reason that they are not required or are not applicable, or the required information is included in the financial statements.
3. Exhibits
The exhibits filed as part of this report and exhibits incorporated herein by reference to other documents are as follows:
Exhibit
Number Description Incorporated by Reference/Attached
3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Horizon Bancorp, Inc. effective May 16, 2018
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2018
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Horizon Bancorp, Inc.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022
4.1 Description of Common Stock
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020
4.2 Indenture, dated as of October 21, 2004, between Horizon Bancorp and Wilmington Trust Company related to the issuance of Trust Preferred Securities
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009
4.3 Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Horizon Bancorp Capital Trust II, dated as of October 21, 2004, related to the issuance of Trust Preferred Securities
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009
4.4 Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of December 15, 2006, between Horizon Bancorp and Wilmington Trust Company
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2006
4.5 Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Horizon Bancorp Capital Trust III, dated as of December 15, 2006
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2006
4.6 Indenture for Subordinated Debt, dated June 24, 2020, between Horizon Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2020
4.7 First Supplemental Indenture, dated June 24, 2020, between Horizon Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2020
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
Exhibit
Number Description Incorporated by Reference/Attached
10.3* Horizon Bancorp 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
10.4* Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2013
10.5* Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (Restrictive Covenant) under 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2013
10.6* Form of Performance Share Award Agreement under 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 27, 2017
10.7* Form of Performance Share Award Agreement (Restrictive Covenant) under 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 27, 2017
10.8* Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Registrant’s Form10-K filed on February 28, 2018
10.9* Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Restrictive Covenant) under 2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2018
10.10* Horizon Bancorp, Inc. 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
10.11* Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (time-based) under 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on May 11, 2021
10.12* Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (performance-based) under 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Registrant's Form 10-K filed on March 9, 2022
10.13* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (time-based) under 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on May 11, 2021
10.14* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (performance-based) under 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Registrant's Form 10-K filed on March 9, 2022
10.15* Form of Stock Option Award Agreement (time-based) under 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on May 11, 2021
10.16* 1997 Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated as of January 1, 1997, with amendments through December 19, 2017
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on December 28, 2017 (Registration No. 333-222329)
10.17* 2005 Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, effective as of January 1, 2005, with amendments through December 19, 2017
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on December 28, 2017 (Registration No. 333-222329)
10.18* Horizon Bancorp Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (effective as of January 1, 2025)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2024
10.19* 1998 Directors Deferred Compensation Plan, with amendments through December 19, 2017
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on December 28, 2017 (Registration No. 333-222330)
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
Exhibit
Number Description Incorporated by Reference/Attached
10.20* Amended and Restated 2005 Directors Deferred Compensation Plan, dated December 19, 2017
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on December 28, 2017 (Registration No. 333-222330)
10.21* Description of Executive Officer Bonus Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Registrant's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020
10.22* Employment Agreement (Mark E. Secor), dated as of November 6, 2023
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2023
10.23* Amendment to Employment Agreement (Mark E. Secor), dated May 10, 2024
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2024.
10.24* Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement (Mark E. Secor), May 10, 2024
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2024
10.25* Change in Control Agreement (Kathie A. DeRuiter), dated January 1, 2020
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2020
10.26* Change in Control Agreement (Todd A. Etzler), dated January 1, 2020
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2020
10.27* Amended and Restated Employment Agreement (Thomas M. Prame), dated June 1, 2023
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on May 18, 2023
10.28* Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement (Thomas M. Prame), dated June 1, 2023
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on May 18, 2023
10.29* Amendment to Change in Control Agreement (Kathie A. DeRuiter), dated December 1, 2022
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2022
10.30* Amendment to Change in Control Agreement (Todd A. Etzler), dated December 1, 2022
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant's Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2022
10.31* Change in Control Agreement (Lynn M. Kerber), dated October 1, 2020
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Registrant's Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2023
10.32* Amendment to Change in Control Agreement (Lynn M. Kerber), dated December 1, 2022
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to Registrant's Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2023
10.34* Employment Agreement (John R. Stewart), dated May 10, 2024
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2024
10.35* Change in Control Agreement (John R. Stewart), dated May 10, 2024
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2024
14 Code of Ethics for Executive Officers and Directors
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2017
19.1** Insider Trading Policy
Attached
21 Subsidiaries of Horizon
Attached
23 Consent of Forvis Mazars, LLP
Attached
31.1 Certification of Thomas M. Prame pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Attached
31.2 Certification of John R. Stewart pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Attached
HORIZON BANCORP, INC.
Exhibit
Number Description Incorporated by Reference/Attached
32.1 Certification of Thomas M. Prame pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Attached
32.2 Certification of John R. Stewart pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Attached
97 Horizon Bancorp, Inc. Compensation Recovery Policy Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97 to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2024
101 Inline Interactive Data Files Attached
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) Embedded Within the Inline XBRL Document
* Indicates exhibits that describe or evidence management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K.
** Portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to Item 601(a)(6) of Regulation S-K. The Company undertakes to furnish a copy of all unredacted and omitted schedules and exhibits to the SEC upon its request.