EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1719406
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1719406_10-K_2021_0001654954-21-003783.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
This business description should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and accompanying notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Form 10-K”), which are incorporated herein by this reference.
References in this Form 10-K to “we,” “us” or “our company” refer to Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp. References in this Form 10-K to our “public shares” are to shares of our common stock sold as part of the units in our initial public offering (whether they are purchased in our initial public offering or thereafter in the open market) and references to “public stockholders” refer to the holders of our public shares, including our Sponsor (as defined below), officers and directors to the extent they purchase public shares, provided that their status as “public stockholders” shall only exist with respect to such public shares. References in this Form 10-K to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors and references to our “Sponsor” or our “initial stockholder” refer to Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC, a company affiliated with our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. References in this Form 10-K to our “founder’s shares” refer to our shares of common stock initially purchased by our Sponsor in a private sale prior to our initial public offering. References in this Form 10-K to our “private placement units” refer to the units sold in a private placement simultaneously with the closing of our initial public offering.
Company Overview
We are a blank check company formed pursuant to the laws of the State of Delaware on September 18, 2017 for the purpose of entering into a merger, stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities. On December 13, 2020, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”) with NeuroRx, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“NeuroRx”) and Big Rock Merger Corp., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of ours (“Merger Sub”), providing for the merger of Merger Sub with and into NeuroRx (the “Merger”), with NeuroRx surviving the Merger and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of us. As a result of the Merger, and upon consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (“Transactions”), NeuroRx will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, with the stockholders of NeuroRx becoming stockholders of the Company. Upon approval of the Company’s stockholders and consummation of the Transactions, the Company will change its name to “NRX Pharmaceuticals, Inc.” The terms of the Merger Agreement are discussed in more detail below. Prior to executing the Merger Agreement, our activities were limited to organization activities, the completion of our initial public offering, and the evaluation of possible business combination candidates.
Formation and Initial Public Offering
In September 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,437,500 shares of common stock to the Sponsor (the “founder’s shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000. On November 20, 2017, the Company effectuated a 1.2-for-1 stock dividend of its common stock resulting in an aggregate of 1,725,000 founder shares outstanding.
On November 22, 2017, we consummated the initial public offering (the “Initial Public Offering”) of 6,000,000 units (“Units”), each Unit consisting of one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), one right (“Right”) entitling the holder thereof to receive one-tenth (1/10) of one share of Common Stock upon the consummation of an initial business combination, and one-half of one warrant (“Warrant”), each whole Warrant exercisable to purchase one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, pursuant to the registration statements on Form S-1 (File Nos. 333-220947 and 333-221659) (the “Registration Statements”). The Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $60,000,000. We refer to the shares of Common Stock underlying the Units as our “public shares.”
Simultaneously with the consummation of the Initial Public Company, on November 22, 2017, we completed a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of 250,000 units (“Placement Units”) at a price of $10.00 per Placement Unit, generating total proceeds of $2,500,000. The securities issued in the Private Placement were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Regulation D thereunder, as a sale not involving any public offering.
On November 28, 2017, the underwriters notified us of their exercise of their over-allotment option in full and on November 29, 2017, purchased 900,000 Units at $10.00 per Unit upon the closing of the over-allotment option, generating gross proceeds of $9,000,000. Simultaneously with the sale of such Units, we consummated the sale of an additional 22,500 Placement Units at $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $225,000. Placement Units were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Regulation D thereunder, as a sale not involving any public offering.
A total of $69,000,000 of the net proceeds from the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement was deposited in a trust account established for the benefit of the Company’s public stockholders. We incurred costs in the aggregate amount of $2,172,419 related to Initial Public Offering, including $1,725,000 of underwriting fees and $447,419 of other costs.
Our Units began trading on November 20, 2017 on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “BRPAU.” Commencing on December 1, 2017, the underlying shares of Common Stock, Warrants and Rights began trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “BRPA,” “BRPAW,” and “BRPAR,” respectively.
Proposed Business Combination
On December 13, 2020, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with NeuroRx and Merger Sub. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into NeuroRx, with NeuroRx surviving the Merger. The Merger Agreement was subsequently amended on January 27, 2021 and March 19, 2021.
NeuroRx is a clinical-stage small molecule pharmaceutical company which develops novel therapeutics for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and life-threatening pulmonary diseases. NeuroRx recently announced a commercial partnership with Relief Therapeutics Holding AG for global commercialization of RLF-100, or “ZYESAMI”, an application for COVID-related respiratory failure (the “NeuroRx COVID-19 Drug”). NeuroRx is also developing NRX-100/101, the first sequential drug regimen for bipolar depression in patients with acute suicidal ideation and behavior (the “NeuroRx Antidepressant Drug Regimen”).
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the aggregate consideration payable to the stockholders of NeuroRx at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”) will equal 50,000,000 shares (“Closing Consideration”) of the Company’s Common Stock, plus the additional contingent right to receive the Earnout Shares and Earnout Cash (each as defined below). At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of NeuroRx common stock (including shares of NeuroRx common stock resulting from the conversion of NeuroRx preferred stock immediately prior to the Effective Time) will be converted into the right to receive a pro rata portion of the Closing Consideration and the contingent right to receive a pro rata portion of the Earnout Shares and Earnout Cash. Each option and warrant of NeuroRx that is outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time will be assumed by the Company and will represent the right to acquire an adjusted number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an adjusted exercise price, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement.
As part of the aggregate consideration payable to NeuroRx’s securityholders pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, NeuroRx’s securityholders (including option holders and warrant holders) who own NeuroRx securities immediately prior to the closing will have the contingent right to receive their pro rata portion of (i) an aggregate of 25,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Earnout Shares”) if, prior to December 31, 2022, the NeuroRx COVID-19 Drug receives emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and NeuroRx submits and the FDA files for review a new drug application for the NeuroRx COVID-19 Drug (the occurrence of the foregoing, the “Earnout Shares Milestone”), and (ii) an aggregate of $100,000,000 in cash (“Earnout Cash”) upon the earlier to occur of (x) FDA approval of the NeuroRx COVID-19 Drug and the listing of the NeuroRx COVID-19 Drug in the FDA’s “Orange Book” and (y) FDA approval of the NeuroRx Antidepressant Drug Regimen and the listing of the NeuroRx Antidepressant Drug Regimen in the FDA’s “Orange Book,” in each case prior to December 31, 2022 (the occurrence of either of clauses (x) or (y), the “Earnout Cash Milestone”).
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company will enter into an agreement (the “Sponsor Agreement”) with the Sponsor and BRAC Lending Group LLC (“BRAC”) providing that (a) the Sponsor and BRAC will forfeit, and the Company will terminate and cancel: (x) an aggregate of 875,000 shares of Common Stock and (y) one share of Common Stock for each Public Share validly redeemed by public stockholders in connection with the business combination proposal, up to a maximum of 300,000 shares of Common Stock (clauses (x) and (y), collectively, the “Forfeited Shares”), and (b) 125,000 shares of Common Stock owned by the Sponsor will be subject to escrow (the “Sponsor Earnout Shares”), which Sponsor Earnout Shares will either be released from escrow to the Sponsor upon the achievement of the Earnout Shares Milestone or terminated and canceled by the Company on December 31, 2022, in the event that the Earnout Shares Milestone is not achieved.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company, Sponsor, BRAC, Graubard Miller, the Initial Stockholders and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“Continental”) will enter into an amendment to the existing stock escrow agreement (the “Stock Escrow Amendment”) providing: (a) for the forfeiture and cancellation of the Forfeited Shares, (b) that the Sponsor Earnout Shares will be subject to escrow pursuant to the Sponsor Agreement and in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, (c) that the 40,000 shares of Common Stock held by Graubard Miller will be released from escrow and (d) that all remaining shares of Common Stock held in escrow thereunder will be released from escrow on the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the closing, (ii) with respect to 50% of the shares of Common Stock, the date on which the closing price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing after the closing, and (iii) the date after the closing on which the Company consummates a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their Common Stock for cash, securities or other property.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, to the extent the sum of the amount remaining in the trust account after disbursements to the Company’s public stockholders who seek redemption of their public shares plus the amount raised in the PIPE (described below) and any other financing exceeds $5 million, the Company’s outstanding loans will be repaid at the closing of the Merger. Further, the Company, the Sponsor and the Company’s lenders will enter into an omnibus amendment to each outstanding promissory note or other borrowing with the Company as the maker providing that, to the extent not repaid in accordance with the Merger Agreement, the outstanding principal and accrued unpaid interest pursuant to such promissory notes, after any repayments permitted pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, will be converted into convertible notes of NRX Pharmaceuticals with an aggregate principal amount of no more than approximately $2.7 million, which will bear interest at three percent (3%) per annum, and may be converted from time to time, at the holder’s option, into shares of Common Stock at a price of $10.00 per share, and which will mature on the date that is twenty-four (24) months after the date of the Merger closing. Any other borrowings not repaid or converted into convertible notes pursuant to the Merger Agreement will be forgiven or discharged prior to closing.
Immediately after the closing of the Merger, NeuroRx’s stockholders will hold approximately 93% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock, the current stockholders of the Company will hold approximately 5% of the issued and outstanding Common Stock, and the PIPE Investors will hold approximately 2% of the issued and outstanding Common Stock, which pro forma ownership (i) takes into effect the forfeiture, termination and cancellation of 875,000 shares of Common Stock by the Sponsor and BRAC pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and the issuance to EBC of 200,000 shares of Common Stock in lieu of the cash fee owed to EBC under the existing Business Combination Marketing Agreement, (ii) takes into effect the exchange of each outstanding Right for one-tenth of one share of Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Rights, (iii) assumes no holder of Public Shares exercises its conversion rights, (iv) includes the effect of the PIPE but does not include the effect of any other financing of the Company and (v) assumes the Earnout Shares Milestone is not satisfied immediately after the Closing.
Consummation of the proposed business combination is subject to customary closing conditions and covenants of the respective parties, including approval of the Company’s stockholders. Further information regarding the proposed business combination, the proposed business of the combined company following the consummation of the Merger, and the risks relating to the proposed business of the combined company can be found in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 14, 2020, the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by the Company with the SEC on January 27, 2021, and the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus/consent solicitation statement included therein, and the definitive proxy statement/prospectus/consent solicitation statement to be filed by the Company with the SEC. Unless otherwise indicated, the information in this Form 10-K assumes we will not consummate the proposed business combination with NeuroRx, will secure a further extension to consummate an initial business combination, and then seek to find an alternative target with which to consummate an initial business combination.
Private Placement
In connection with the Merger, on March 12, 2021, the Company entered into subscription agreements (“Subscription Agreements”) with certain qualified institutional buyers and institutional accredited investors (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which the Company will, substantially concurrently with, and contingent upon, the consummation of the Merger, issue an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock to the PIPE Investors at a price of $10.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $10,000,000 (the “PIPE”).
The closing of the PIPE is conditioned upon, among other things, (i) the substantially concurrent consummation of the Merger, (ii) the accuracy of all representations and warranties of the Company and the PIPE Investors in the Subscription Agreements, and the performance of all covenants of the Company and the PIPE Investors under the Subscription Agreements, (iii) the shares of Common Stock shall have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq, subject to official notice of issuance, and (iv) the Merger Agreement shall not have been terminated or rescinded, and no amendment, waiver or modification shall have occurred thereunder that would materially adversely affect the economic benefits that the PIPE Investor would reasonably expect to receive under the Subscription Agreement without having received the PIPE Investor’s prior written consent (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed).
The Company has agreed that, as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event later than 45 calendar days following the closing date of the Merger, it shall file a registration statement with the SEC covering the resale by the PIPE Investors of the shares of Common Stock issued to them in the PIPE and use its best efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as promptly as practicable thereafter, but in no event later than the earlier of 60 calendar days after filing (or 90 calendar days in the event the SEC issues written comments) or the 10th business day after the Company is notified that the registration statement will not be subject to review or further review.
Extension Amendment
On December 18, 2020, the Company received stockholder approval to amend its amended and restated certificate of incorporation (“charter”) to extend the date by which it must complete an initial business combination from December 23, 2020 to April 23, 2021. No stockholders exercised their right to convert their public shares into cash in connection with the Extension.
On March 22, 2021, the Company filed a preliminary proxy statement seeking approval from its stockholders to further amend its charter to extend the date by which the Company is required to complete its initial business combination.
Nasdaq Compliance
On November 23, 2020, the Company received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC stating that, as of November 20, 2020, the Company was not in compliance with Listing Rule IM-5101-2, which requires that a special purpose acquisition company complete one or more business combinations within 36 months of the effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with its initial public offering. Since the Company’s registration statement became effective on November 20, 2017, it was required to complete an initial business combination by no later than November 20, 2020. The Rule also provides that failure to comply with this requirement will result in the Listing Qualifications Department issuing a Staff Delisting Determination under Rule 5810 to delist the Company’s securities. The Listing Qualifications Department had advised the Company that its securities would be subject to delisting unless it timely requested a hearing before an independent Hearings Panel. The Company appealed the ruling and Nasdaq scheduled the appeal for January 14, 2021 (the “Nasdaq Appeal”). On January 4, 2021, the Company received an additional notice from Nasdaq stating that the Company’s failure to hold an annual stockholder meeting for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 by December 31, 2020, as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5820, could serve as an additional basis for delisting the Company’s securities from Nasdaq, the Company requested that this issue be added to the Nasdaq Appeal.
On January 14, 2021, the Company attended a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel with respect to the November 23, 2020 and January 2, 2021 delisting notices. During the hearing, the Company requested an extension through May 24, 2021 to regain compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules. On January 15, 2021, the Company received notice from Nasdaq that Nasdaq had granted the Company’s request to continue its listing on Nasdaq through May 24, 2021 (“Extended Date”). Nasdaq’s decision is subject to certain conditions, including that the Company will have completed the Merger with NeuroRx on or before the Extended Date and that NRX Pharmaceuticals will have demonstrated compliance with all requirements for initial listing on Nasdaq.
Effecting a Business Combination
General
We are not presently engaged in, and we will not engage in, any substantive commercial business until after the consummation of our initial business combination. We currently have until April 23, 2021 to consummate our initial business combination. Our board has determined that there may not be enough time to consummate the proposed business combination with NeuroRx by April 23, 2021 and, accordingly, we have filed a proxy statement to solicit shareholder approval to extend the liquidation date to May 24, 2021. If we are unable to consummate our initial business combination within the applicable time period, we will, as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares for a pro rata portion of the funds held in the trust account and as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.
Our Acquisition Process
We have evaluated a number of target businesses, including NeuroRx. When evaluating each prospective target business, we conducted a thorough due diligence review that encompassed, among other things, meetings with incumbent management and employees, document reviews, and a review of financial and other information that made available to us.
We have engaged a professional firm that specializes in business acquisitions, and we may engage other firms or other individuals in the future, in which event we may pay a finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation to be determined in an arm’s length negotiation based on the terms of the transaction. In no event, however, will our Sponsor, officers, directors or their respective affiliates be paid any finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate the consummation of an initial business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is) other than the monthly administrative services fee of up to $10,000 (effective through August 20, 2018), the repayment of loans from our Sponsor, officers and directors for working capital purposes and reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, however such repayment and reimbursement may be limited in connection with our negotiations with a prospective target. We are not restricted from entering into a business combination with a target business that is affiliated with any of our officers, directors or Sponsor and may do so if (i) such transaction is approved by a majority of our disinterested independent directors and (ii) we obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm, or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions on the type of target business we are seeking to acquire, that the business combination is fair to our unaffiliated stockholders from a financial point of view.
Selection of a Target Business and Structuring of a Business Combination
Subject to our officers’ and directors’ pre-existing fiduciary duties and the limitations that a target business have a fair market value of at least 80% of the balance in the trust account (excluding taxes payable on the income earned on the trust account) at the time of the execution of a definitive agreement for our initial business combination, as described below in more detail, and that we must acquire a controlling interest in the target business, our management will have virtually unrestricted flexibility in identifying and selecting a prospective target business. We have not established any specific attributes or criteria (financial or otherwise) for prospective target businesses. In evaluating a prospective target business, our management may consider a variety of factors, including one or more of the following:
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financial condition and results of operation;
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growth potential;
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brand recognition and potential;
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experience and skill of management and availability of additional personnel;
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capital requirements;
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competitive position;
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barriers to entry;
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stage of development of the products, processes or services;
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existing distribution and potential for expansion;
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degree of current or potential market acceptance of the products, processes or services
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proprietary aspects of products and the extent of intellectual property or other protection for products or formulas;
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impact of regulation on the business;
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regulatory environment of the industry;
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costs associated with effecting the business combination;
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industry leadership, sustainability of market share and attractiveness of market industries in which a target business participates; and
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macro competitive dynamics in the industry within which the company competes.
These criteria are not intended to be exhaustive. Any evaluation relating to the merits of a particular business combination will be based, to the extent relevant, on the above factors as well as other considerations deemed relevant by our management in effecting a business combination consistent with our business objective. In evaluating a prospective target business, we will conduct an extensive due diligence review which will encompass, among other things, meetings with incumbent management and inspection of facilities, as well as review of financial and other information which is made available to us. This due diligence review will be conducted either by our management or by unaffiliated third parties we may engage.
The time and costs required to select and evaluate a target business and to structure and complete the business combination can only be estimated at this time. Any costs incurred with respect to the identification and evaluation of a prospective target business with which a business combination is not ultimately completed will result in a loss to us and reduce the amount of capital available to otherwise complete a business combination.
Fair Market Value of Target Business
Nasdaq rules require that a target business or businesses that we acquire must collectively have a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the balance of the funds in the trust account (excluding taxes payable on the income earned on the trust account) at the time of the execution of a definitive agreement for our initial business combination, although we may acquire a target business whose fair market value significantly exceeds 80% of the trust account balance.
We are permitted to structure a business combination to acquire 100% of the equity interests or assets of the target business or businesses or to structure our initial business combination where we merge directly with the target business or where we acquire less than 100% of such interests or assets of the target business in order to meet certain objectives of the target management team or stockholders or for other reasons, but we will only complete such business combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Even if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our stockholders prior to the business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post-transaction company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the business combination transaction. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of a target. In this case, we could acquire a 100% controlling interest in the target; however, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares, our stockholders immediately prior to our initial business combination could own less than a majority of our outstanding shares subsequent to our initial business combination. If less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business or businesses are owned or acquired by the post-transaction company, the portion of such business or businesses that is owned or acquired is what will be valued for purposes of the 80% of trust account balance test. In order to consummate such an acquisition, we may issue a significant amount of our debt or equity securities to the sellers of such businesses and/or seek to raise additional funds through a private offering of debt or equity securities. Since we have no specific business combination under consideration, we have not entered into any such fund raising arrangement and have no current intention of doing so. The fair market value of the target will be determined by our board of directors based upon one or more standards generally accepted by the financial community (such as actual and potential sales, earnings, cash flow and/or book value). The proxy solicitation materials or tender offer documents used by us in connection with any proposed transaction will provide public stockholders with our analysis of the fair market value of the target business, as well as the basis for our determinations. If our board is not able to independently determine that the target business has a sufficient fair market value, we will obtain an opinion from an unaffiliated, independent investment banking firm, or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions on the type of target business we are seeking to acquire, with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria.
We will not be required to obtain an opinion from an investment banking firm, or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions, as to the fair market value if our board of directors independently determines that the target business complies with the 80% threshold.
Lack of Business Diversification
For an indefinite period of time after the completion of our initial business combination, the prospects for our success may depend entirely on the performance of a single business.
Unlike other entities which may have the resources to complete several business combinations of entities operating in multiple industries or multiple areas of a single industry, it is probable that we will not have the resources to diversify our operations or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses. By consummating a business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may:
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subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory developments, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact upon the particular industry in which we may operate subsequent to a business combination, and
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result in our dependency upon the performance of a single operating business or the development or market acceptance of a single or limited number of products, processes or services.
Limited Ability to Evaluate the Target Business’s Management
Although we have scrutinized the management of NeuroRx, we cannot assure you that our assessment of the target business’s management will prove to be correct. In addition, we cannot assure you that the future management will have the necessary skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company. Furthermore, our officers and directors are not expected to have any future role with NeuroRx following completion of the contemplated Merger. In the event that we do not complete a business combination with NeuroRx and instead seek an alternative business combination target, the future role of our officers and directors, if any, in the target business following a business combination cannot presently be stated with any certainty. While it is possible that some of our key personnel will remain in senior management or advisory positions with us following a business combination, it is possible that they will not devote their full time efforts to our affairs subsequent to a business combination. Moreover, they would only be able to remain with the company after the consummation of a business combination if they are able to negotiate employment or consulting agreements in connection with the business combination. Such negotiations would take place simultaneously with the negotiation of the business combination and will likely provide for them to receive compensation in the form of cash payments and/or our securities for services they would render to the company after the consummation of the business combination. While the personal and financial interests of our key personnel may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business, their ability to remain with the company after the consummation of a business combination will not be the determining factor in our decision as to whether or not we will proceed with any potential business combination. Additionally, we cannot assure you that our officers and directors will have significant experience or knowledge relating to the operations of the particular target business.
Following a business combination, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management of the target business. We cannot assure you that we will have the ability to recruit additional managers, or that any such additional managers we do recruit will have the requisite skills, knowledge or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.
Stockholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve an Initial Business Combination
In connection with any proposed business combination, we will either (1) seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which stockholders may seek to convert their shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination, into their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable), or (2) provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to us by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable), in each case subject to the limitations described herein. If we determine to engage in a tender offer, such tender offer will be structured so that each stockholder may tender any or all of his, her or its shares rather than some pro rata portion of his, her or its shares. The decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval. Unlike other blank check companies which require stockholder votes and conduct proxy solicitations in conjunction with their initial business combinations and related conversions of public shares for cash upon consummation of such initial business combination even when a vote is not required by law, we will have the flexibility to avoid such stockholder vote and allow our stockholders to sell their shares pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act which regulate issuer tender offers. In that case, we will file tender offer documents with the SEC which will contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination as is required under the SEC’s proxy rules. We will consummate our initial business combination only if we have net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon such consummation and, if we seek stockholder approval, a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock voted are voted in favor of the business combination.
We chose our net tangible asset threshold of $5,000,001 to ensure that we would avoid being subject to Rule 419 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. However, if we seek to consummate an initial business combination with a target business that imposes any type of working capital closing condition or requires us to have a minimum amount of funds available from the trust account upon consummation of such initial business combination, we may need to have more than $5,000,001 in net tangible assets upon consummation and this may force us to seek third party financing which may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. As a result, we may not be able to consummate such initial business combination and we may not be able to locate another suitable target within the applicable time period, if at all.
Our Sponsor, officers, directors and BRAC (as defined below) have agreed (1) to vote any shares of common stock owned by them in favor of any proposed business combination, including the founder’s shares, (2) not to convert any shares of common stock in connection with a stockholder vote to approve a proposed initial business combination and (3) not sell any shares of common stock in any tender in connection with a proposed initial business combination.
None of our officers, directors, Sponsor or their affiliates has indicated any intention to purchase units or shares of common stock from persons in the open market or in private transactions. However, if we hold a meeting to approve a proposed business combination and a significant number of stockholders vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against such proposed business combination, our officers, directors, Sponsor or their affiliates could make such purchases in the open market or in private transactions in order to influence the vote. Notwithstanding the foregoing, our officers, directors, Sponsor and their affiliates will not make purchases of shares of common stock if the purchases would violate Section 9(a)(2) or Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act, which are rules designed to stop potential manipulation of a company’s stock.
Conversion Rights
At any meeting called to approve an initial business combination, public stockholders may seek to convert their shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination, into their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination, less any taxes then due but not yet paid (which taxes may be paid only from the interest earned on the funds in the trust account). Alternatively, we may provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares of our common stock to us through a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, less any taxes then due but not yet paid.
We may require public stockholders seeking conversion, whether they are a record holder or hold their shares in “street name,” to either (i) physically tender their certificates to our transfer agent or (ii) deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) System, at the holder’s option, in each case prior to a date set forth in the proxy materials sent in connection with the proposal to approve the business combination.
There is a nominal cost associated with the above-referenced delivery process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DWAC System. The transfer agent will typically charge the tendering broker a nominal fee and it would be up to the broker whether to pass this cost on to the holder. However, this fee would be incurred regardless of whether we require holders seeking to exercise conversion rights to tender their shares. The need to deliver shares is a requirement of exercising conversion rights regardless of the timing of when such delivery must be effectuated. However, in the event we require stockholders seeking to exercise conversion rights to deliver their shares prior to the consummation of the proposed business combination and the proposed business combination is not consummated, this may result in an increased cost to stockholders.
Any proxy solicitation materials we furnish to stockholders in connection with a vote for any proposed business combination will indicate whether we are requiring stockholders to satisfy such certification and delivery requirements. Accordingly, a stockholder will have from the time the stockholder received our proxy statement up until the vote on the proposal to approve the business combination to deliver his shares if he wishes to seek to exercise his conversion rights. This time period varies depending on the specific facts of each transaction. However, as the delivery process can be accomplished by the stockholder, whether or not he is a record holder or his shares are held in “street name,” in a matter of hours by simply contacting the transfer agent or his broker and requesting delivery of his shares through the DWAC System, we believe this time period is sufficient for an average investor. However, we cannot assure you of this fact. Please see the risk factor titled “In connection with any stockholder meeting called to approve a proposed initial business combination, we may require stockholders who wish to convert their shares in connection with a proposed business combination to comply with specific requirements for conversion that may make it more difficult for them to exercise their conversion rights prior to the deadline for exercising their rights.” for further information on the risks of failing to comply with these requirements.
The foregoing is different from the procedures historically used by some blank check companies. Traditionally, in order to perfect conversion rights in connection with a blank check company’s business combination, the company would distribute proxy materials for the stockholders’ vote on an initial business combination, and a holder could simply vote against a proposed business combination and check a box on the proxy card indicating such holder was seeking to exercise his conversion rights. After the business combination was approved, the company would contact such stockholder to arrange for him to deliver his certificate to verify ownership. As a result, the stockholder then had an “option window” after the consummation of the business combination during which he could monitor the price of the company’s stock in the market. If the price rose above the conversion price, he could sell his shares in the open market before actually delivering his shares to the company for cancellation. As a result, the conversion rights, to which stockholders were aware they needed to commit before the stockholder meeting, would become a “continuing” right surviving past the consummation of the business combination until the holder delivered its certificate. The requirement for physical or electronic delivery prior to the meeting ensures that a holder’s election to convert his shares is irrevocable once the business combination is approved.
Any request to convert such shares once made, may be withdrawn at any time up to the vote on the proposed business combination. Furthermore, if a holder of a public share of common stock delivered his certificate in connection with an election of their conversion and subsequently decides prior to the vote on the proposed business combination not to elect to exercise such rights, he may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically).
If the initial business combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then our public stockholders who elected to exercise their conversion rights would not be entitled to convert their shares for the applicable pro rata share of the trust account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination. In such case, we will promptly return any shares delivered by public holders.
Extensions to Complete Business Combination
Our charter originally provided that we would have until November 22, 2018 to complete our initial business combination. On each of November 20, 2018, February 22, 2019, May 21, 2019, August 21, 2019, November 21, 2019, March 23, 2020, July 23, 2020, and December 18, 2020, our stockholders approved an amendment to our charter extending the amount of time that we have to consummate an initial business combination. As a result, our charter, as amended, currently provides that it will have until April 23, 2021 to complete a business combination. In connection with these amendments, we offered public stockholders the right to have their Public Shares converted into a pro rata portion of the trust account and holders of Public Shares representing approximately $63 million originally held in the trust account exercised such conversion rights. Accordingly, as of the date of this Form 10-K, the Company has approximately $6.0 million of cash in the trust account.
We have received loans from affiliates of ours in connection with such amendments.
On November 17, 2018, we entered into an agreement (the “Extension Funding Agreement”) with the Sponsor and BRAC. Pursuant to the Extension Funding Agreement, the Sponsor transferred an aggregate of 1,500,000 founder’s shares to BRAC in exchange for the agreements set forth below and aggregate cash consideration of $1.00. The Founder’s Shares transferred by the Sponsor to BRAC will remain in escrow in the name of BRAC, subject to the terms of the Stock Escrow Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, among us, the Sponsor and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. Additionally, the Sponsor assigned the registration rights it was granted, pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 20, 2017 between us and the Sponsor, with respect to the Founder’s Shares to BRAC in connection with the transfer. Pursuant to the Extension Funding Agreement, the Sponsor agreed to take all actions reasonably necessary to extend the period of time the Company has to consummate a business combination up to two times for an aggregate of up to six months and BRAC agreed to loan us the funds necessary to obtain the extensions. BRAC loaned us an aggregate of $1,380,000 to obtain such extensions, which loans are evidenced by promissory notes. Further, pursuant to the Extension Funding Agreement, BRAC has also agreed to loan us all funds necessary to pay expenses incurred in connection with and in order to consummate a business combination (the “Business Combination Expenses”) and such loans will be added to the notes. Also, pursuant to the Extension Funding Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to be responsible for all liabilities of the Company as of November 17, 2018, except for liabilities associated with the possible redemption of shares by the Company’s shareholders, as described in the charter.
The Sponsor has also agreed to loan us the funds necessary to pay the expenses of the Company other than the Business Combination Expenses through the closing of a business combination when and as needed in order for the Company to continue in operation (the “Non-Business Combination Related Expenses”). Upon consummation of a business combination, up to $200,000 of the Non-Business Combination Related Expenses will be repaid by us to the Sponsor provided that the Company has funds available to it sufficient to repay such expenses (the “Cap”) as well as to pay for all stockholder redemptions, all Business Combination Expenses, repayment of the notes, and any funds necessary for the working capital requirements of the Company following closing of the business combination. Any remaining amounts in excess of the Cap will be forgiven. If the Company does not consummate a business combination, all outstanding loans made by the Sponsor to cover the Non-Business Combination Related Expenses will be forgiven. As of December 31, 2020, A/Z Property has loaned us an aggregate of approximately $862,148 in order to pay our Non-Business Combination Related Expenses and extension payments. We repaid $35,000 of such loans during the year ended December 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, BRAC has loaned us an aggregate of approximately $1,809,889 in order to fund extension payments and other expenses.
On March 22, 2021, the Company filed a preliminary proxy statement seeking approval from its stockholders to further amend its charter to extend the date by which the Company is required to complete its initial business combination.
Liquidation if No Business Combination
If we have not completed an initial business combination by April 23, 2021, or such later date as may be approved by our stockholders through approval of an amendment to our charter, we will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the outstanding public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including any interest earned on the funds held in the trust account net of interest that may be used by us to pay our franchise and income taxes payable, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject (in the case of (ii) and (iii) above) to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.
Our Sponsor, officers and directors have agreed that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that would restrict our public stockholders from converting or selling their shares to us in connection with a business combination or affect the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete a business combination by April 23, 2021 unless we provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to convert their shares of common stock upon such approval at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest not previously released to us but net of franchise and income taxes payable, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. This redemption right shall apply in the event of the approval of any such amendment, whether proposed by our Sponsor, any executive officer, director or director nominee, or any other person.
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, stockholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against a corporation to the extent of distributions received by them in a dissolution. The pro rata portion of our trust account distributed to our public stockholders upon the redemption of 100% of our outstanding public shares in the event we do not complete our initial business combination within the required time period may be considered a liquidation distribution under Delaware law. If the corporation complies with certain procedures set forth in Section 280 of the Delaware General Corporation Law intended to ensure that it makes reasonable provision for all claims against it, including a 60-day notice period during which any third-party claims can be brought against the corporation, a 90-day period during which the corporation may reject any claims brought, and an additional 150-day waiting period before any liquidating distributions are made to stockholders, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution.
Furthermore, if the pro rata portion of our trust account distributed to our public stockholders upon the redemption of 100% of our public shares in the event we do not complete our initial business combination within the required time period is not considered a liquidation distribution under Delaware law and such redemption distribution is deemed to be unlawful, then pursuant to Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the statute of limitations for claims of creditors could then be six years after the unlawful redemption distribution, instead of three years, as in the case of a liquidation distribution. If we are unable to complete a business combination within the prescribed time frame, we will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the outstanding public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including any interest earned on the funds held in the trust account net of interest that may be used by us to pay our franchise and income taxes payable, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject (in the case of (ii) and (iii) above) to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. Accordingly, it is our intention to redeem our public shares as soon as reasonably possible following the required time period to complete our initial business combination, and, therefore, we do not intend to comply with those procedures. As such, our stockholders could potentially be liable for any claims to the extent of distributions received by them (but no more) and any liability of our stockholders may extend well beyond the third anniversary of such date.
Because we will not be complying with Section 280 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, Section 281(b) of the Delaware General Corporation Law requires us to adopt a plan, based on facts known to us at such time that will provide for our payment of all existing and pending claims or claims that may be potentially brought against us within the subsequent ten years. However, because we are a blank check company, rather than an operating company, and our operations will be limited to searching for prospective target businesses to acquire, the only likely claims to arise would be from our vendors (such as lawyers, investment bankers, etc.) or prospective target businesses.
We are required to use our reasonable best efforts to have all third parties and any prospective target businesses enter into agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind they may have in or to any monies held in the trust account. As a result, the claims that could be made against us will be limited, thereby lessening the likelihood that any claim would result in any liability extending to the trust. We therefore believe that any necessary provision for creditors will be reduced and should not have a significant impact on our ability to distribute the funds in the trust account to our public stockholders. Nevertheless, we cannot assure you of this fact as there is no guarantee that vendors, service providers and prospective target businesses will execute such agreements. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will only enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative. Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. Our underwriters and auditor are the only third parties we are currently aware of that may not execute a waiver. Nor is there any guarantee that, even if they execute such agreements with us, they will not seek recourse against the trust account. A/Z Property, an entity majority owned by Richard Ackerman, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, has agreed that it will be liable to ensure that the proceeds in the trust account are not reduced below $10.00 per share by the claims of target businesses or claims of vendors or other entities that are owed money by us for services rendered or contracted for or products sold to us. We believe A/Z Property has sufficient net worth to satisfy its indemnity obligation should it arise, however we cannot assure you that A/Z Property will have sufficient liquid assets to satisfy such obligations if it is required to do so. Additionally, the agreement entered into by A/Z Property specifically provides for two exceptions to the indemnity it has given: it will have no liability (1) as to any claimed amounts owed to a target business or vendor or other entity who has executed an agreement with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind they may have in or to any monies held in the trust account, or (2) as to any claims for indemnification by the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. As a result, if we liquidate, the per-share distribution from the trust account could be less than $10.00 due to claims or potential claims of creditors. We will distribute to all of our public stockholders, in proportion to their respective equity interests, an aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including any interest earned on the funds held in the trust account net of interest that may be used by us to pay our franchise and income taxes payable.
We anticipate notifying the trustee of the trust account to begin liquidating such assets promptly after such date and anticipate it will take no more than 10 business days to effect such a distribution. Our Sponsor has waived its rights to participate in any liquidation distribution with respect to the founder’s shares and any shares, rights or warrants included in the private placement units. Additionally, any loans made by our officers, directors, Sponsors or their affiliates for working capital needs will be forgiven and not repaid if we are unable to complete an initial business combination. There will be no distribution from the trust account with respect to our rights or warrants, including the rights or warrants contained in the private placement units, which will expire worthless. We will pay the costs of any subsequent liquidation from our remaining assets outside of the trust account. If such funds are insufficient, A/Z Property has agreed to pay the funds necessary to complete such liquidation (currently anticipated to be no more than approximately $15,000) and has agreed not to seek repayment for such expenses.
If we are unable to complete an initial business combination and expend all of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement units, other than the proceeds deposited in the trust account, and without taking into account interest, if any, earned on the trust account, the initial per-share redemption price would be $10.00. The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to claims of our creditors that are in preference to the claims of public stockholders.
Our public stockholders shall be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only in the event of our failure to complete a business combination within the required time period or if the stockholders seek to have us convert or purchase their respective shares upon a business combination which is actually completed by us or upon certain amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation as described elsewhere herein. In no other circumstances shall a stockholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account.
If we are forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against us which is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our stockholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, we cannot assure you we will be able to return to our public stockholders at least $10.00 per share.
If we are forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against us which is not dismissed, any distributions received by stockholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover all amounts received by our stockholders. Furthermore, because we intend to distribute the proceeds held in the trust account to our public stockholders promptly after the expiration of the time we have to complete an initial business combination, this may be viewed or interpreted as giving preference to our public stockholders over any potential creditors with respect to access to or distributions from our assets. Furthermore, our board may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing itself and our company to claims of punitive damages, by paying public stockholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains certain requirements and restrictions that will apply to us until the consummation of our initial business combination. These provisions cannot be amended without the approval of a majority of our stockholders. If we seek to amend any provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that would restrict our public stockholders from converting or selling their shares to us in connection with a business combination or affect the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete a business combination by April 23, 2021 (or such later date as may be approved by our stockholders), we will provide public stockholders with the opportunity to convert their public shares in connection with any such vote. This redemption right shall apply in the event of the approval of any such amendment, whether proposed by our Sponsor, any executive officer, director or director nominee, or any other person. Our Sponsor, officers and directors have agreed to waive any conversion rights with respect to any founder’s shares and any public shares they may hold in connection with any vote to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Specifically, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, among other things, that:
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we shall either (1) seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which stockholders may seek to convert their shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination, into their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable), or (2) provide our stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to us by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable), in each case subject to the limitations described herein;
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we will consummate our initial business combination only if we have net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon such consummation and, if we seek stockholder approval, a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock voted are voted in favor of the business combination;
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if our initial business combination is not consummated by April 23, 2021, and such date is not further extended, then we will redeem all of the outstanding public shares and thereafter liquidate and dissolve our company;
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we may not consummate any other business combination, merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar transaction prior to our initial business combination; and
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prior to our initial business combination, we may not issue additional stock that participates in any manner in the proceeds of the trust account, or that votes as a class with the common stock sold in this offering on any matter.
Competition
In identifying, evaluating and selecting a target business, we have encountered and may continue to encounter intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting business combinations directly or through affiliates. Many of these competitors possess greater technical, human and other resources than we do and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors.
The following also may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses:
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our obligation to seek stockholder approval of a business combination or engage in a tender offer may delay the completion of a transaction;
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our obligation to convert or repurchase shares of common stock held by our public stockholders may reduce the resources available to us for a business combination; and
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our outstanding rights or warrants and unit purchase options, and the potential future dilution they represent.
Any of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating a business combination. Our management believes, however, that our status as a public entity and potential access to the United States public equity markets may give us a competitive advantage over privately-held entities having a similar business objective as ours in acquiring a target business with significant growth potential on favorable terms.
In recent years, and especially since the fourth quarter of 2020, the number of special purpose acquisition companies that have been formed has increased substantially. Many potential targets for special purpose acquisition companies have already entered into an initial business combination, and there are still many special purpose acquisition companies seeking targets for their initial business combination, as well as many such companies currently in registration. As a result, at times, fewer attractive targets may be available, and it may require more time, more effort and more resources to identify a suitable target and to consummate an initial business combination.
If we succeed in effecting a business combination, there will be, in all likelihood, intense competition from competitors of the target business. We cannot assure you that, subsequent to a business combination, we will have the resources or ability to compete effectively.
Employees
We have two executive officers who receive no compensation from the Company. These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters and intend to devote only as much time as they deem necessary to our affairs. We do not have, and do not intend to have, any employees prior to the consummation of a business combination.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A Risk Factors
Our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows may be impacted by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including those set forth below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, the occurrence of any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our actual results. The risks set forth below do not include specific risks relating to our proposed business combination with NeuroRx, or the risks inherent in NeuroRx’s business, which are included in the Registration Statement on Form S-4 which we filed with the SEC on January 27, 2021. The risks presented below assumes that we will not consummate the proposed business combination with NeuroRx, and that we will secure a further extension to consummate an initial business combination and then seek to find an alternative target with which to consummate an initial business combination.
Risks Relating to Searching for and Consummating a Business Combination
We have no operating history and, accordingly, you will not have any basis on which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective.
We have no operating results to date. Therefore, our ability to commence operations is dependent upon obtaining financing through the public offering of our securities. Since we do not have an operating history, you will have no basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective, which is to consummate an initial business combination. We have not conducted any substantive discussions and we have no plans, arrangements or understandings with any prospective acquisition candidates. We will not generate any revenues until, at the earliest, after the consummation of a business combination.
If we are unable to consummate a business combination, our public stockholders may be forced to wait until April 23, 2021, or longer if additional extensions are approved, before receiving distributions from the trust account.
We have until April 23, 2021, or such later date as may be approved by our stockholders, in which to complete a business combination. We have no obligation to return funds to investors prior to such date unless (i) we consummate a business combination prior thereto or (ii) we seek to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation prior to consummation of a business combination, and only then in cases where investors have sought to convert or sell their shares to us. Only after the expiration of this full time period will public security holders be entitled to distributions from the trust account if we are unable to complete a business combination. Accordingly, investors’ funds may be unavailable to them until after such date and to liquidate your investment, public security holders may be forced to sell their public shares or warrants, potentially at a loss.
The requirement that we complete an initial business combination by April 23, 2021 (or such later date as may be approved by our stockholders) may give potential target businesses leverage over us in negotiating a business combination.
We have until April 23, 2021 (or such later date as may be approved by our stockholders) to complete an initial business combination. Any potential target business with which we enter into negotiations concerning a business combination will be aware of this requirement. Consequently, such target business may obtain leverage over us in negotiating a business combination, knowing that if we do not complete a business combination with that particular target business, we may be unable to complete a business combination with any other target business. This risk will increase as we get closer to the time limit referenced above.
Our public stockholders may not be afforded an opportunity to vote on our proposed business combination.
We will either (1) seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which public stockholders may seek to convert their shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination, into their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable), or (2) provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to us by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable), in each case subject to the limitations described elsewhere in this Report. Accordingly, it is possible that we will consummate our initial business combination even if holders of a majority of our public shares do not approve of the business combination we consummate. The decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval. For instance, Nasdaq rules currently allow us to engage in a tender offer in lieu of a stockholder meeting but would still require us to obtain stockholder approval if we were seeking to issue more than 20% of our outstanding shares to a target business as consideration in any business combination. Therefore, if we were structuring a business combination that required us to issue more than 20% of our outstanding shares, we would seek stockholder approval of such business combination instead of conducting a tender offer.
Our Sponsor, BRAC, and designees of the underwriter of our IPO control a substantial interest in us and thus may influence certain actions requiring a stockholder vote.
As of the date of this Form 10-K, our Sponsor, BRAC, and EBC and its designees own approximately 76.9% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Neither the Sponsor, BRAC, our directors or executive officers nor EBC or any of their respective affiliates beneficially owned any public shares as of the date of this Form 10-K. However, they may choose to buy public shares in the open market and/or through negotiated private purchases after the date of this proxy statement. In the event that purchases do occur, the purchasers may seek to purchase shares from stockholders who would otherwise have voted against our initial business combination and/or elected to convert their shares. In connection with any vote for a proposed business combination, our Sponsor and BRAC, as well as all of our officers and directors, have agreed to vote the shares of common stock owned by them immediately before the Initial Public Offering as well as any shares of common stock acquired in the Initial Public Offering or in the aftermarket in favor of such proposed business combination.
Our board of directors is divided into two classes, each of which will generally serve for a term of two years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. There may not be an annual meeting of stockholders to elect new directors prior to the consummation of a business combination, in which case all of the current directors will continue in office until at least the consummation of the business combination. If there is an annual meeting, as a consequence of our “staggered” board of directors, only a minority of the board of directors will be considered for election and our Sponsor, because of its ownership position, will have considerable influence regarding the outcome. Accordingly, our Sponsor will continue to exert control at least until the consummation of a business combination.
The ability of our stockholders to exercise their conversion rights or sell their shares to us in a tender offer may not allow us to effectuate the most desirable business combination or optimize our capital structure.
If our business combination requires us to use substantially all of our cash to pay the purchase price, because we will not know how many stockholders may exercise conversion rights or seek to sell their shares to us in a tender offer, we may either need to reserve part of the trust account for possible payment upon such conversion, or we may need to arrange third party financing to help fund our business combination. In the event that the acquisition involves the issuance of our stock as consideration, we may be required to issue a higher percentage of our stock to make up for a shortfall in funds. Raising additional funds to cover any shortfall may involve dilutive equity financing or incurring indebtedness at higher than desirable levels. This may limit our ability to effectuate the most attractive business combination available to us.
In connection with any vote to approve a business combination, we will offer each public stockholder the option to vote in favor of a proposed business combination and still seek conversion of his, her or its shares.
In connection with any vote to approve a business combination, we will offer each public stockholder (but not our Sponsor, officers or directors) the right to have his, her or its shares of common stock converted to cash (subject to the limitations described elsewhere in this Form 10-K) regardless of whether such stockholder votes for or against such proposed business combination. This ability to seek conversion while voting in favor of our proposed business combination may make it more likely that we will consummate a business combination.
In connection with any stockholder meeting called to approve a proposed initial business combination, we may require stockholders who wish to convert their shares in connection with a proposed business combination to comply with specific requirements for conversion that may make it more difficult for them to exercise their conversion rights prior to the deadline for exercising their rights.
In connection with any stockholder meeting called to approve a proposed initial business combination, each public stockholder will have the right, regardless of whether he is voting for or against such proposed business combination, to demand that we convert his shares into a pro rata share of the trust account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination. We may require public stockholders who wish to convert their shares in connection with a proposed business combination to either (i) physically tender their certificates to our transfer agent or (ii) deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using the Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) System, at the holders’ option, in each case prior to a date set forth in the proxy materials sent in connection with the proposal to approve the business combination. In order to obtain a physical stock certificate, a stockholder’s broker and/or clearing broker, DTC and our transfer agent will need to act to facilitate this request. It is our understanding that stockholders should generally allot at least two weeks to obtain physical certificates from the transfer agent. However, because we do not have any control over this process or over the brokers or DTC, it may take significantly longer than two weeks to obtain a physical stock certificate. While we have been advised that it takes a short time to deliver shares through the DWAC System, we cannot assure you of this fact. Accordingly, if it takes longer than we anticipate for stockholders to deliver their shares, stockholders who wish to convert may be unable to meet the deadline for exercising their conversion rights and thus may be unable to convert their shares.
If, in connection with any stockholder meeting called to approve a proposed business combination, we require public stockholders who wish to convert their shares to comply with specific requirements for conversion, such converting stockholders may be unable to sell their securities when they wish to in the event that the proposed business combination is not approved.
If we require public stockholders who wish to convert their shares to either (i) physically tender their certificates to our transfer agent or (ii) deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using the Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) System as described above and such proposed business combination is not consummated, we will promptly return such certificates to the tendering public stockholders. Accordingly, investors who attempted to convert their shares in such a circumstance will be unable to sell their securities after the failed acquisition until we have returned their securities to them. The market price for our shares of common stock may decline during this time and you may not be able to sell your securities when you wish to, even while other stockholders that did not seek conversion may be able to sell their securities.
Because of our structure, other companies may have a competitive advantage and we may not be able to consummate an attractive business combination.
We expect to encounter intense competition from entities other than blank check companies having a business objective similar to ours, including venture capital funds, leveraged buyout funds and operating businesses competing for acquisitions. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience in identifying and effecting business combinations directly or through affiliates. Many of these competitors possess greater technical, human and other resources than we do and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. Our ability to compete in acquiring a target business will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent competitive limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of certain target businesses. Furthermore, seeking stockholder approval or engaging in a tender offer in connection with any proposed business combination may delay the consummation of such a transaction. Additionally, our outstanding warrants, rights and the unit purchase option, and the future dilution they potentially represent, may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses. Any of the foregoing may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating a business combination.
Because we must furnish our stockholders with target business financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles or international financial reporting standards, we will not be able to complete a business combination with prospective target businesses unless their financial statements are prepared in accordance with such standards.
The federal proxy rules require that a proxy statement with respect to a vote on a business combination meeting certain financial significance tests include historical and/or pro forma financial statement disclosure in periodic reports. These financial statements may be required to be prepared in accordance with, or be reconciled to, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, or international financial reporting standards, or IFRS, depending on the circumstances, and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or PCAOB. We will include the same financial statement disclosure in connection with any tender offer documents we use, whether or not they are required under the tender offer rules. Additionally, to the extent we furnish our stockholders with financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, such financial statements may need to be audited in accordance with U.S. GAAP at the time of the consummation of the business combination. These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may acquire.
We may issue shares of our capital stock or debt securities to complete a business combination, which would reduce the equity interest of our stockholders and likely cause a change in control of our ownership.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. We may issue a substantial number of additional shares of common stock or shares of preferred stock, or a combination of common stock and preferred stock, to complete a business combination. The issuance of additional shares of common stock will not reduce the per-share conversion amount in the trust account. The issuance of additional shares of common stock or preferred stock:
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may significantly reduce the equity interest of our existing commons tockholders;
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may subordinate the rights of holders of shares of common stock if we issue shares of preferred stock with rights senior to those afforded to our shares of common stock;
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may cause a change in control if a substantial number of shares of common stock are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and
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may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our shares of common stock.
Similarly, if we issue debt securities, it could result in:
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default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after a business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations;
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acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant;
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our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand; and
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our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding.
If we incur indebtedness, our lenders will not have a claim on the cash in the trust account and such indebtedness will not decrease the per-share conversion amount in the trust account.
We may be unable to obtain additional financing, if required, to complete a business combination or to fund the operations and growth of the target business, which could compel us to restructure or abandon a particular business combination.
As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $446 in available funds held outside of our trust account and approximately $6.0 million in the trust account. If these amounts prove to be insufficient to consummate an initial business combination, we will be required to seek additional financing. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. To the extent that additional financing proves to be unavailable when needed to consummate the proposed business combination with Microvast or any other business combination, we would be compelled to either restructure the transaction or abandon that particular business combination and seek an alternative target business candidate. In addition, if we consummate a business combination, we may require additional financing to fund the operations or growth of the target business. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the continued development or growth of the target business. None of our Sponsor, officers, directors or stockholders is required to provide any financing to us in connection with or after a business combination.
We may not obtain a fairness opinion with respect to the target business that we seek to acquire and therefore you may be relying solely on the judgment of our board of directors in approving a proposed business combination.
We will only be required to obtain a fairness opinion with respect to the target business that we seek to acquire if it is an entity that is affiliated with any of our officers, directors or Sponsor. In all other instances, we will have no obligation to obtain an opinion. Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of our board of directors in approving a proposed business combination.
Resources could be spent researching acquisitions that are not consummated, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business.
It is anticipated that the investigation of each specific target business and the negotiation, drafting, and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents, and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for accountants, attorneys and others. If a decision is made not to complete a specific business combination, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, even if an agreement is reached relating to a specific target business, we may fail to consummate the business combination for any number of reasons including those beyond our control. Any such event will result in a loss to us of the related costs incurred which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business.
We may only be able to complete one business combination, which will cause us to be solely dependent on a single business which may have a limited number of products or services.
It is likely we will consummate a business combination with a single target business, although we have the ability to simultaneously acquire several target businesses. By consummating a business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory developments. Further, we would not be able to diversify our operations or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses, unlike other entities which may have the resources to complete several business combinations in different industries or different areas of a single industry. Accordingly, the prospects for our success may be:
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solely dependent upon the performance of a single business, or
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dependent upon the development or market acceptance of a single or limited number of products, processes or services.
This lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory developments, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact upon the particular industry in which we may operate subsequent to a business combination.
Alternatively, if we determine to simultaneously acquire several businesses, and such businesses are owned by different sellers, we will need for each of such sellers to agree that our purchase of its business is contingent on the simultaneous closings of the other business combinations, which may make it more difficult for us, and delay our ability, to complete the business combinations. With multiple business combinations, we could also face additional risks, including additional burdens and costs with respect to possible multiple negotiations and due diligence investigations (if there are multiple sellers) and the additional risks associated with the subsequent assimilation of the operations and services or products of the acquired companies into a single operating business. If we are unable to adequately address these risks, it could negatively impact our profitability and results of operations.
Our search for an initial business combination, and any target business with which we ultimately consummate an initial business combination, may be materially adversely affected by the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and other events, and the status of debt and equity markets.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and other events (such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters or a significant outbreak of other infectious diseases) could adversely affect, the economies and financial markets worldwide, and the business of any potential target business with which we consummate an initial business combination could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may be unable to complete an initial business combination if concerns relating to COVID-19 continue to restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors or the target company’s personnel, vendors and services providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for an initial business combination will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. If the disruptions posed by COVID-19 or other events (such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters or a significant outbreak of other infectious diseases) continue for an extensive period of time, our ability to consummate an initial business combination, or the operations of a target business with which we ultimately consummate an initial business combination, may be materially adversely affected.
In addition, our ability to consummate a transaction may be dependent on the ability to raise equity and debt financing which may be impacted by COVID-19 and other events (such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters or a significant outbreak of other infectious diseases), including as a result of increased market volatility, decreased market liquidity in third-party financing being unavailable on terms acceptable to us or at all.
As the number of special purpose acquisition companies evaluating targets increases, attractive targets may become scarcer and there may be more competition for attractive targets. This could increase the cost of our initial business combination and could even result in our inability to find a target or to consummate an initial business combination.
In recent years and especially since the fourth quarter of 2020, the number of special purpose acquisition companies that have been formed has increased substantially. Many potential targets for special purpose acquisition companies have already entered into an initial business combination, and there are still many special purpose acquisition companies seeking targets for their initial business combination, as well as many such companies currently in registration. As a result, at times, fewer attractive targets may be available, and it may require more time, more effort and more resources to identify a suitable target and to consummate an initial business combination.
In addition, because there are more special purpose acquisition companies seeking to enter into an initial business combination with available targets, the competition for available targets with attractive fundamentals or business models may increase, which could cause targets companies to demand improved financial terms. Attractive deals could also become scarcer for other reasons, such as economic or industry sector downturns, geopolitical tensions, or increases in the cost of additional capital needed to close business combinations or operate targets post-business combination. This could increase the cost of, delay or otherwise complicate or frustrate our ability to find and consummate an initial business combination, and may result in our inability to consummate an initial business combination on terms favorable to our investors altogether.
Changes in the market for directors and officers liability insurance could make it more difficult and more expensive for us to negotiate and complete an initial business combination.
In recent months, the market for directors and officers liability insurance for special purpose acquisition companies has changed. The premiums charged for such policies have generally increased and the terms of such policies have generally become less favorable. There can be no assurance that these trends will not continue.
The increased cost and decreased availability of directors and officers liability insurance could make it more difficult and more expensive for us to negotiate an initial business combination. In order to obtain directors and officers liability insurance or modify its coverage as a result of becoming a public company, the post-business combination entity might need to incur greater expense, accept less favorable terms or both. However, any failure to obtain adequate directors and officers liability insurance could have an adverse impact on the post-business combination’s ability to attract and retain qualified officers and directors.
In addition, even after we were to complete an initial business combination, our directors and officers could still be subject to potential liability from claims arising from conduct alleged to have occurred prior to the initial business combination. As a result, in order to protect our directors and officers, the post-business combination entity may need to purchase additional insurance with respect to any such claims (“run-off insurance”). The need for run-off insurance would be an added expense for the post-business combination entity, and could interfere with or frustrate our ability to consummate an initial business combination on terms favorable to our investors.
Risks Relating to the Post-Business Combination Company
Our ability to successfully effect a business combination and to be successful thereafter will be totally dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel, some of whom may join us following a business combination. While we intend to closely scrutinize any individuals we engage after a business combination, we cannot assure you that our assessment of these individuals will prove to be correct.
Our ability to successfully effect a business combination is dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel. We believe that our success depends on the continued service of our key personnel, at least until we have consummated our initial business combination. We cannot assure you that any of our key personnel will remain with us for the immediate or foreseeable future. In addition, none of our officers are required to commit any specified amount of time to our affairs and, accordingly, our officers may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time among various business activities, including identifying potential business combinations and monitoring the related due diligence. We do not have employment agreements with, or key-man insurance on the life of, any of our officers. The unexpected loss of the services of our key personnel could have a detrimental effect on us.
Additionally, the role of our key personnel after a business combination cannot presently be ascertained. Although some of our key personnel may continue to serve in senior management or advisory positions following a business combination, it is likely that most, if not all, of the management of the target business will remain in place. While we intend to closely scrutinize any individuals we engage after a business combination, we cannot assure you that our assessment of these individuals will prove to be correct. These individuals may be unfamiliar with the requirements of operating a public company which could cause us to have to expend time and resources helping them become familiar with such requirements. This could be expensive and time-consuming and could lead to various regulatory issues which may adversely affect our operations.
Our officers and directors may not have significant experience or knowledge regarding the jurisdiction or industry of the target business we may seek to acquire.
We are not limited to a particular industry and may consummate a business combination with a target business in any geographic location or industry we choose. We cannot assure you that our officers and directors will have enough experience or have sufficient knowledge relating to the jurisdiction of the target or its industry to make an informed decision regarding a business combination.
If we do not conduct an adequate due diligence investigation of a target business, we may subsequently be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring, and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
We must conduct a due diligence investigation of the target businesses we intend to acquire. Intensive due diligence is time consuming and expensive due to the operations, accounting, finance and legal professionals who must be involved in the due diligence process. Even if we conduct extensive due diligence on a target business, this diligence may not reveal all material issues that may affect a particular target business, and factors outside the control of the target business and outside of our control may later arise. If our diligence fails to identify issues specific to a target business, industry or the environment in which the target business operates, we may later be forced to write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our common stock. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assuming pre-existing debt held by a target business or by virtue of our obtaining debt financing during or subsequent to the business combination.
If we effect a business combination with a company located outside of the United States, we would be subject to a variety of additional risks that may negatively impact our operations.
We may effect a business combination with a company located outside of the United States. If we did, we would be subject to any special considerations or risks associated with companies operating in the target business’s home jurisdiction, including any of the following:
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rules and regulations or currency conversion or corporate withholding taxes on individuals;
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tariffs and trade barriers;
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regulations related to customs and import/export matters;
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longer payment cycles;
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tax issues, such as tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the United States;
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currency fluctuations and exchange controls;
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challenges in collecting accounts receivable;
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cultural and language differences;
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employment regulations;
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crime, strikes, riots, civil disturbances, terrorist attacks and wars; and
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deterioration of political relations with the United States.
We cannot assure you that we would be able to adequately address these additional risks. If we were unable to do so, our operations might suffer.
If we effect a business combination with a company located outside of the United States, the laws applicable to such company will likely govern all of our material agreements and we may not be able to enforce our legal rights.
If we effect a business combination with a company located outside of the United States, the laws of the country in which such company operates will govern almost all of the material agreements relating to its operations. We cannot assure you that the target business will be able to enforce any of its material agreements or that remedies will be available in this new jurisdiction. The system of laws and the enforcement of existing laws in such jurisdiction may not be as certain in implementation and interpretation as in the United States. The inability to enforce or obtain a remedy under any of our future agreements could result in a significant loss of business, business opportunities or capital. Additionally, if we acquire a company located outside of the United States, it is likely that substantially all of our assets would be located outside of the United States and some of our officers and directors might reside outside of the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for investors in the United States to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon our directors or officers or to enforce judgments of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties of our directors and officers under federal securities laws.
There may be tax consequences to our business combinations that may adversely affect us.
While we expect to undertake any merger or acquisition so as to minimize taxes both to the acquired business and/or asset and us, such business combination might not meet the statutory requirements of a tax-free reorganization, or the parties might not obtain the intended tax-free treatment upon a transfer of shares or assets. A non-qualifying reorganization could result in the imposition of substantial taxes.
Risks Relating to Potential Conflicts of Interest of our Management, Directors, and Others
Our officers and directors may allocate their time to other businesses thereby causing conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This conflict of interest could have a negative impact on our ability to consummate a business combination.
Our officers and directors are not required to commit their full time to our affairs, which could create a conflict of interest when allocating their time between our operations and their other commitments. We presently expect each of our employees to devote such amount of time as they reasonably believe is necessary to our business. We do not intend to have any full time employees prior to the consummation of our initial business combination. All of our officers and directors are engaged in other business endeavors and are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our affairs. If our officers’ and directors’ other business affairs require them to devote more substantial amounts of time to such affairs, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs and could have a negative impact on our ability to consummate our initial business combination. We cannot assure you that these conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
Our officers and directors may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is appropriate for a business combination.
Our Sponsor, which is affiliated with certain of our officers and directors, has agreed to waive its right to convert its founder’s shares and any other shares purchased in the Initial Public Offering or thereafter, or to receive distributions from the trust account with respect to their founder’s shares upon our liquidation if we are unable to consummate a business combination. Accordingly, the shares acquired prior to the Initial Public Offering will be worthless if we do not consummate a business combination. Additionally, the warrants, including the warrants contained in the private placement units held by our Sponsor, will expire worthless if we do not consummate a business combination. The personal and financial interests of our directors and officers, through their interests in our Sponsor, may influence their motivation in timely identifying and selecting a target business and completing a business combination. Consequently, our directors’ and officers’ discretion in identifying and selecting a suitable target business may result in a conflict of interest when determining whether the terms, conditions and timing of a particular business combination are appropriate and in our stockholders’ best interest.
Certain of our officers have, and any of our officers and directors or their affiliates may in the future have, outside fiduciary and contractual obligations and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.
Certain of our directors have, and any of our officers and directors or their affiliates may in the future have, fiduciary and contractual obligations to other companies. Accordingly, they may participate in transactions and have obligations that may be in conflict or competition with the consummation of our initial business combination. As a result, a potential target business may be presented by our management team to another entity prior to its presentation to us and we may not be afforded the opportunity to engage in a transaction with such target business. For a more detailed description of the pre-existing fiduciary and contractual obligations of our management team, and the potential conflicts of interest that such obligations may present, see the section titled “Part III, Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.”
Our key personnel may negotiate employment or consulting agreements with a target business in connection with a particular business combination. These agreements may provide for them to receive compensation following a business combination and as a result, may cause them to have conflicts of interest in determining whether a particular business combination is the most advantageous.
Our key personnel will be able to remain with the company after the consummation of a business combination only if they are able to negotiate employment or consulting agreements or other appropriate arrangements in connection with the business combination. Such negotiations would take place simultaneously with the negotiation of the business combination and could provide for such individuals to receive compensation in the form of cash payments and/or our securities for services they would render to the company after the consummation of the business combination. The personal and financial interests of such individuals may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a target business.
Risks Relating to our Securities
If we do not file and maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, holders will only be able to exercise such warrants on a “cashless basis.”
If we do not file and maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants at the time that holders wish to exercise such warrants, they will only be able to exercise them on a “cashless basis” provided that an exemption from registration is available. As a result, the number of shares of common stock that holders will receive upon exercise of the warrants will be fewer than it would have been had such holder exercised his warrant for cash. Further, if an exemption from registration is not available, holders would not be able to exercise on a cashless basis and would only be able to exercise their warrants for cash if a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is available. Under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed to use our best efforts to meet these conditions and to file and maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. If we are unable to do so, the potential “upside” of the holder’s investment in our company may be reduced or the warrants may expire worthless.
An investor will only be able to exercise a warrant if the issuance of shares of common stock upon such exercise has been registered or qualified or is deemed exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants.
No warrants will be exercisable and we will not be obligated to issue shares of common stock unless the shares of common stock issuable upon such exercise has been registered or qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants. If the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not qualified or exempt from qualification in the jurisdictions in which the holders of the warrants reside, the warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the warrants may be limited and they may expire worthless if they cannot be sold and may be subject to redemption.
We may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding warrants.
Our warrants were issued in registered form under the Warrant Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision. The warrant agreement requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding warrants (including the warrants contained in the private placement units) in order to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders. Accordingly, we would need only 1,656,876, or 48.0%, of the public warrants to vote in favor of a proposed amendment for it to be approved (assuming the holders of the warrants contained in the private placement units all voted in favor of the amendment).
We may amend the terms of the rights in a manner that may be adverse to holders with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding rights.
Our rights were issued in registered form under a right agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as rights agent, and us. The right agreement provides that the terms of the rights may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision. The right agreement requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding rights in order to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders. Accordingly, we would need only 3,313,751, or 48.0%, of the public rights to vote in favor of a proposed amendment for it to be approved (assuming the holders of the private rights all voted in favor of the amendment).
If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in trust could be reduced and the per-share redemption price received by stockholders may be less than $10.00.
Our placing of funds in trust may not protect those funds from third party claims against us. Although we will seek to have all vendors and service providers we engage and prospective target businesses we negotiate with execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public stockholders, they may not execute such agreements. Furthermore, even if such entities execute such agreements with us, they may seek recourse against the trust account. A court may not uphold the validity of such agreements. Accordingly, the proceeds held in trust could be subject to claims which could take priority over those of our public stockholders. If we are unable to complete a business combination and distribute the proceeds held in trust to our public stockholders, A/Z Property has agreed (subject to certain exceptions described elsewhere in this Report) that it will be liable to ensure that the proceeds in the trust account are not reduced below $10.00 per share by the claims of target businesses or claims of vendors or other entities that are owed money by us for services rendered or contracted for or products sold to us. We believe A/Z Property has sufficient net worth to satisfy its indemnity obligation should it arise, however we cannot assure you that A/Z Property will have sufficient liquid assets to satisfy obligations if it is required to do so. Additionally, the agreement entered into by A/Z Property specifically provides for two exceptions to the indemnity it has given: it will have no liability (1) as to any claimed amounts owed to a target business or vendor or other entity who has executed an agreement with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind they may have in or to any monies held in the trust account, or (2) as to any claims for indemnification by the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Therefore, the per-share distribution from the trust account may be less than $10.00, plus interest, due to such claims.
Additionally, if we are forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against us which is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our stockholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, we may not be able to return to our public stockholders at least $10.00 per share. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the trust account, the funds available for our initial business combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $10.00 per public share.
Our stockholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against us to the extent of distributions received by them.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we will continue in existence until April 23, 2021, or such later date as may be approved by our stockholders. If we have not completed a business combination by such date, we will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the outstanding public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including any interest earned on the funds held in the trust account net of interest that may be used by us to pay our franchise and income taxes payable, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject (in the case of (ii) and (iii) above) to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. We cannot assure you that we will properly assess all claims that may be potentially brought against us. As such, our stockholders could potentially be liable for any claims to the extent of distributions received by them (but no more) and any liability of our stockholders may extend well beyond the third anniversary of the date of distribution. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that third parties will not seek to recover from our stockholders amounts owed to them by us.
If we are forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against us which is not dismissed, any distributions received by stockholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover all amounts received by our stockholders. Furthermore, because we intend to distribute the proceeds held in the trust account to our public stockholders promptly after expiration of the time we have to complete an initial business combination, this may be viewed or interpreted as giving preference to our public stockholders over any potential creditors with respect to access to or distributions from our assets. Furthermore, our board may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing itself and our company to claims of punitive damages, by paying public stockholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
Our directors may decide not to enforce A/Z Property's indemnification obligations, resulting in a reduction in the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public stockholders.
In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below $10.00 per public share and A/Z Property asserts that it is unable to satisfy its obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against A/Z Property to enforce such indemnification obligations. While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against A/Z Property to enforce such indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so in any particular instance. If our independent directors choose not to enforce these indemnification obligations, the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to our public stockholders may be reduced below $10.00 per share.
Nasdaq may delist our securities from its exchange which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
On November 23, 2020, the Company received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC stating that, as of November 20, 2020, the Company was not in compliance with Listing Rule IM-5101-2, which requires that a special purpose acquisition company complete one or more business combinations within 36 months of the effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with its initial public offering. Since the Company’s registration statement became effective on November 20, 2017, it was required to complete an initial business combination by no later than November 20, 2020. The Rule also provides that failure to comply with this requirement will result in the Listing Qualifications Department issuing a Staff Delisting Determination under Rule 5810 to delist the Company’s securities. The Listing Qualifications Department had advised the Company that its securities would be subject to delisting unless it timely requested a hearing before an independent Hearings Panel. The Company appealed the ruling and Nasdaq scheduled the appeal for January 14, 2021 (the “Nasdaq Appeal”). On January 4, 2021, the Company received an additional notice from Nasdaq stating that the Company’s failure to hold an annual stockholder meeting for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 by December 31, 2020, as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5820, could serve as an additional basis for delisting the Company’s securities from Nasdaq, the Company requested that this issue be added to the Nasdaq Appeal.
On January 14, 2021, the Company attended a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel with respect to the November 23, 2020 and January 2, 2021 delisting notices. During the hearing, the Company requested an extension through May 24, 2021 to regain compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules. On January 15, 2021, the Company received notice from Nasdaq that Nasdaq had granted the Company’s request to continue its listing on Nasdaq through May 24, 2021 (“Extended Date”). Nasdaq’s decision is subject to certain conditions, including that the Company will have completed the Merger with NeuroRx on or before the Extended Date and that NRX Pharmaceuticals will have demonstrated compliance with all requirements for initial listing on Nasdaq. While the Company expects to complete the Merger by the Extended Date, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so.
If Nasdaq delists the Company’s securities from trading on its exchange, the Company could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
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a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;
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reduced liquidity with respect to our securities;
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a determination that our shares of common stock are “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our shares of common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our shares of common stock;
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a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and
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a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our units, common stock, rights and warrants are listed on Nasdaq, our units, common stock, rights and warrants are covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. While we are not aware of a state having used these powers to prohibit or restrict the sale of securities issued by blank check companies, certain state securities regulators view blank check companies unfavorably and might use these powers, or threaten to use these powers, to hinder the sale of securities of blank check companies in their states. Further, if we were no longer listed on Nasdaq, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.
Our outstanding rights, warrants and unit purchase options may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult to effect a business combination.
We issued rights to receive 690,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 3,450,000 shares of common stock as part of the units offered in connection with the Initial Public Offering and rights to receive 27,250 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 136,250 shares of common stock in connection with the Private Placement. We also issued unit purchase options to purchase 600,000 units to EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (and/or its designees) which, if exercised, will result in the issuance of 600,000 shares of common stock, rights to receive 60,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional 300,000 shares of common stock. We may also issue additional private units, which will be identical to the private placement units, to our Sponsor, officers or directors in payment of working capital loans made to us as described in this Form 10-K. To the extent we issue shares of common stock to effect a business combination, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional shares upon conversion or exercise of these rights, warrants and unit purchase options could make us a less attractive acquisition vehicle in the eyes of a target business. Such securities, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock and reduce the value of the shares issued to complete the business combination. Accordingly, our rights, warrants and unit purchase option may make it more difficult to effectuate a business combination or increase the cost of acquiring the target business. Additionally, the sale, or even the possibility of sale, of the shares underlying the warrants, rights, or unit purchase option could have an adverse effect on the market price for our securities or on our ability to obtain future financing. If and to the extent these rights are converted or warrants and options are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.
We may redeem your unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your warrants worthless.
We have the ability to redeem outstanding warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of the common stock equals or exceeds $21.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations and recapitalizations) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third business day prior to proper notice of such redemption provided that on the date we give notice of redemption and during the entire period thereafter until the time we redeem the warrants, we have an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force you (i) to exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) to sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the warrants contained in the private placement units will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees.
Our management’s ability to require holders of our warrants to exercise such warrants on a cashless basis will cause holders to receive fewer shares of common stock upon their exercise of the warrants than they would have received had they been able to exercise their warrants for cash.
If we call our public warrants for redemption after the redemption criteria described elsewhere in this Form 10-K have been satisfied, our management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise his warrant (including any warrants held by our Sponsor, officers or directors or their permitted transferees) to do so on a “cashless basis.” If our management chooses to require holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis, the number of shares of common stock received by a holder upon exercise will be fewer than it would have been had such holder exercised his warrant for cash. This will have the effect of reducing the potential “upside” of the holder’s investment in our company.
We have no obligation to net cash settle the rights or warrants.
In no event will we have any obligation to net cash settle the rights or warrants. Furthermore, there are no contractual penalties for failure to deliver securities to the holders of the rights or warrants upon consummation of an initial business combination or exercise of the warrants. Accordingly, you might not receive the shares of common stock underlying the rights and warrants.
If our security holders exercise their registration rights, it may have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares of common stock and the existence of these rights may make it more difficult to effect a business combination.
Our stockholders prior to the Initial Public Offering are entitled to demand that we register the resale of the founder’s shares at any time commencing three months prior to the date on which their shares may be released from escrow. Additionally, the holders of the private placement units and any private units our Sponsor, officers, directors, or their affiliates may be issued in payment of working capital loans made to us are entitled to demand that we register the resale of the private placement units and any other private units we issue to them (and the underlying securities) commencing at any time after we consummate an initial business combination. The presence of these additional shares of common stock trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities. In addition, the existence of these rights may make it more difficult to effectuate a business combination or increase the cost of acquiring the target business, as the stockholders of the target business may be discouraged from entering into a business combination with us or will request a higher price for their securities because of the potential effect the exercise of such rights may have on the trading market for our shares of common stock.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our common stock and could entrench management.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. Our board of directors is divided into two classes, each of which will generally serve for a term of two years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. As a result, at a given annual meeting only a minority of the board of directors may be considered for election. Since our “staggered board” may prevent our stockholders from replacing a majority of our board of directors at any given annual meeting, it may entrench management and discourage unsolicited stockholder proposals that may be in the best interests of stockholders. Also, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides our board of directors the ability to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock, which may inhibit a takeover of us.
We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together these provisions may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against directors, officers and employees for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
General Risks
We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our shares of common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. We will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years. However, if our non-convertible debt issued within a three year period or revenues exceeds $1.07 billion, or the market value of our shares of common stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million on the last day of the second fiscal quarter of any given fiscal year, we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of the following fiscal year. As an emerging growth company, we are not required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and we are exempt from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Additionally, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As such, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. We cannot predict if investors will find our shares of common stock less attractive because we may rely on these provisions. If some investors find our shares of common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our shares and our share price may be more volatile.
If we are deemed to be an investment company, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for us to complete a business combination.
A company that, among other things, is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, trading or holding certain types of securities would be deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act, as amended, or the Investment Company Act. Since we will invest the proceeds held in the trust account, it is possible that we could be deemed an investment company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we do not believe that our anticipated principal activities will subject us to the Investment Company Act. To this end, the proceeds held in trust may be invested by the trustee only in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act having a maturity of 180 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. By restricting the investment of the proceeds to these instruments, we intend to meet the requirements for the exemption provided in Rule 3a-1 promulgated under the Investment Company Act.
If we are nevertheless deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be subject to certain restrictions that may make it more difficult for us to complete a business combination, including:
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restrictions on the nature of our investments; and
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restrictions on the issuance of securities.
In addition, we may have imposed upon us certain burdensome requirements, including:
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registration as an investment company;
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adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and
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reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy, compliance policies and procedures and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations.
Compliance with these additional regulatory burdens would require additional expense for which we have not allotted.
Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require substantial financial and management resources and may increase the time and costs of completing an acquisition.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls beginning with this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties and/or stockholder litigation. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports could harm our business. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act also requires that our independent registered public accounting firm report on management’s evaluation of our system of internal controls, which requirement we are exempt from so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. A target company may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of their internal controls. The development of the internal controls of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such acquisition. Furthermore, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation of adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.
Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, investments and results of operations.
We are subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we will be required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws and regulations may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
We currently maintain our principal executive offices at 2645 N. Federal Hwy, Suite 230, Delray Beach, Florida 33483. The cost for this space is included in the up to $10,000 per-month aggregate fee our Sponsor charged us for general and administrative services, which commenced on the date of the Initial Public Offering pursuant to a letter agreement between us and our Sponsor. We believe, based on rents and fees for similar services in the Palm Beach, Florida area, that the fee charged by our Sponsor was at least as favorable as we could have obtained from an unaffiliated person. Effective August 20, 2018, Sponsor agreed to stop charging us the monthly administrative fee. We consider our current office space, combined with the other office space otherwise available to our executive officers, adequate for our current operations.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against us or any members of our management team.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not Applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information
Our units, common stock, warrants and rights are each traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “BRPAU,” “BRPA,” “BRPAW” and “BRPAR,” respectively. Our units commenced public trading on November 20, 2017, and our common stock, rights and warrants commenced public trading on December 1, 2017.
Holders
As of March 30, 2021, we had six holders of record of our common stock, two holders of record of our units, one holder of record of our warrants and one holder of record of our rights.
Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date and do not intend to pay cash dividends prior to the completion of an initial business combination. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition subsequent to completion of a business combination. The payment of any dividends subsequent to a business combination will be within the discretion of our board of directors at such time. It is the present intention of our board of directors to retain all earnings, if any, for use in our business operations and, accordingly, our board of directors does not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future. On November 20, 2017, we increased the size of the offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and effectuated a 1.2-for-1 stock dividend of our common stock resulting in an aggregate of 1,725,000 founder's shares outstanding to maintain the ownership of our stockholder prior to our Initial Public Offering at 20% of our issued and outstanding shares of our common stock upon the consummation of our Initial Public Offering (excluding the shares of common stock underlying the private placement units and any units purchased in our Initial Public Offering). Further, if we incur any indebtedness, our ability to declare dividends may be limited by restrictive covenants we may agree to in connection therewith.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
None.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
This item in not applicable as we are a smaller reporting company.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes related thereto which are included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on September 18, 2017 and formed for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more target businesses or entities (a “Business Combination”). Our efforts in identifying a prospective target business for our initial Business Combination are not limited to a particular industry or geographic region. We intend to effectuate our Business Combination using cash from the proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the sale of Private Placement Units that occurred simultaneously with the completion of our Initial Public Offering, our securities, debt or a combination of cash, securities and debt.
Recent Developments
Proposed Business Combination
On December 13, 2020, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with NeuroRx and Merger Sub. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into NeuroRx, with NeuroRx surviving the Merger. As a result of the Merger, NeuroRx will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, with the stockholders of NeuroRx becoming stockholders of the Company. Under the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each outstanding share of NeuroRx common stock (including shares of NeuroRx common stock resulting from the conversion of NeuroRx preferred stock immediately prior to the Effective Time) will be converted into the right to receive a pro rata portion of the Closing Consideration and the contingent right to receive a pro rata portion of the Earnout Shares and Earnout Cash. Each option and warrant of NeuroRx that is outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time will be assumed by the Company and will represent the right to acquire an adjusted number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an adjusted exercise price, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company will enter into the Sponsor Agreement with the Sponsor and BRAC providing that (a) the Sponsor and BRAC will forfeit the Forfeited Shares and (b) the Sponsor Earnout Shares will be subject to escrow, and will either be released from escrow to the Sponsor upon the achievement of the Earnout Shares Milestone or terminated and canceled by the Company on December 31, 2022, in the event that the Earnout Shares Milestone is not achieved.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company, Sponsor, BRAC, Graubard Miller, the Initial Stockholders and Continental will enter into the Stock Escrow Amendment providing: (a) for the forfeiture and cancellation of the Forfeited Shares, (b) that the Sponsor Earnout Shares will be subject to escrow pursuant to the Sponsor Agreement and in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, (c) that the 40,000 shares of Common Stock held by Graubard Miller will be released from escrow and (d) that all remaining shares of Common Stock held in escrow thereunder will be released from escrow on the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the closing, (ii) with respect to 50% of the shares of Common Stock, the date on which the closing price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing after the closing, and (iii) the date after the closing on which the Company consummates a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their Common Stock for cash, securities or other property.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, to the extent the sum of the amount remaining in the trust account after disbursements to the Company’s public stockholders who seek redemption of their public shares plus the amount raised in the PIPE (described below) and any other financing exceeds $5 million, the Company’s outstanding loans will be repaid at the closing of the Merger. Further, the Company, the Sponsor and the Company’s lenders will enter into an omnibus amendment to each outstanding promissory note or other borrowing with the Company as the maker providing that, to the extent not repaid in accordance with the Merger Agreement, the outstanding principal and accrued unpaid interest pursuant to such promissory notes, after any repayments permitted pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, will be converted into convertible notes of NRX Pharmaceuticals with an aggregate principal amount of no more than approximately $2.7 million, which will bear interest at three percent (3%) per annum, and may be converted from time to time, at the holder’s option, into shares of Common Stock at a price of $10.00 per share, and which will mature on the date that is twenty-four (24) months after the date of the Merger closing. Any other borrowings not repaid or converted into convertible notes pursuant to the Merger Agreement will be forgiven or discharged prior to closing.
Immediately after the closing of the Merger, NeuroRx’s stockholders will hold approximately 93% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock, the current stockholders of the Company will hold approximately 5% of the issued and outstanding Common Stock, and the PIPE Investors will hold approximately 2% of the issued and outstanding Common Stock, which pro forma ownership (i) takes into effect the forfeiture, termination and cancellation of 875,000 shares of Common Stock by the Sponsor and BRAC pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and the issuance to EBC of 200,000 shares of Common Stock in lieu of the cash fee owed to EBC under the existing Business Combination Marketing Agreement, (ii) takes into effect the exchange of each outstanding Right for one-tenth of one share of Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Rights, (iii) assumes no holder of Public Shares exercises its conversion rights, (iv) includes the effect of the PIPE but does not include the effect of any other financing of the Company and (v) assumes the Earnout Shares Milestone is not satisfied immediately after the Closing.
Private Placement
In connection with the Merger, on March 12, 2021, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements the PIPE Investors, pursuant to which the Company will, substantially concurrently with, and contingent upon, the consummation of the Merger, issue an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock to the PIPE Investors at a price of $10.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $10,000,000.
The closing of the PIPE is conditioned upon, among other things, (i) the substantially concurrent consummation of the Merger, (ii) the accuracy of all representations and warranties of the Company and the PIPE Investors in the Subscription Agreements, and the performance of all covenants of the Company and the PIPE Investors under the Subscription Agreements, (iii) the shares of Common Stock shall have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq, subject to official notice of issuance, and (iv) the Merger Agreement shall not have been terminated or rescinded, and no amendment, waiver or modification shall have occurred thereunder that would materially adversely affect the economic benefits that the PIPE Investor would reasonably expect to receive under the Subscription Agreement without having received the PIPE Investor’s prior written consent (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed).
Extensions to Complete Business Combination
On July 23, 2020, our stockholders approved an amendment to the charter to extend the period of time for which we are required to consummate a Business Combination (the “Fifth Extension”) from July 23, 2020 to December 23, 2020. The number of shares of common stock presented for redemption in connection with the Fifth Extension was 27,786. We paid cash in amount of approximately $299,000, or approximately $10.77 per share, to redeeming stockholders. We agreed to deposit, or cause to be deposited on its behalf, into the Trust Account $0.02 for each public share outstanding for each 30-day extension period utilized through the Fifth Extension. In connection with this extension, we deposited an aggregate of $44,219 into the Trust Account to fund the extension through November 23, 2020.
On December 18, 2020, our stockholders approved an amendment to the charter to extend the date by which we must complete an initial business combination from December 23, 2020 to April 23, 2021 (the “Sixth Extension”). No stockholders exercised their right to convert their public shares into cash in connection with the Sixth Extension.
On March 22, 2021, the Company filed a preliminary proxy statement seeking approval from its stockholders to further amend its charter to extend the date by which the Company is required to complete its initial business combination.
Nasdaq Compliance
On November 23, 2020, the Company received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC stating that, as of November 20, 2020, the Company was not in compliance with Listing Rule IM-5101-2, which requires that a special purpose acquisition company complete one or more business combinations within 36 months of the effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with its initial public offering. Since the Company’s registration statement became effective on November 20, 2017, it was required to complete an initial business combination by no later than November 20, 2020. The Rule also provides that failure to comply with this requirement will result in the Listing Qualifications Department issuing a Staff Delisting Determination under Rule 5810 to delist the Company’s securities. The Listing Qualifications Department had advised the Company that its securities would be subject to delisting unless it timely requested a hearing before an independent Hearings Panel. The Company appealed the ruling and Nasdaq scheduled the appeal for January 14, 2021. On January 4, 2021, the Company received an additional notice from Nasdaq stating that the Company’s failure to hold an annual stockholder meeting for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 by December 31, 2020, as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5820, could serve as an additional basis for delisting the Company’s securities from Nasdaq, the Company requested that this issue be added to the Nasdaq Appeal.
On January 14, 2021, the Company attended a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel with respect to the November 23, 2020 and January 2, 2021 delisting notices. During the hearing, the Company requested an extension through May 24, 2021 to regain compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules. On January 15, 2021, the Company received notice from Nasdaq that Nasdaq had granted the Company’s request to continue its listing on Nasdaq through May 24, 2021. Nasdaq’s decision is subject to certain conditions, including that the Company will have completed the Merger with NeuroRx on or before the Extended Date and that NRX Pharmaceuticals will have demonstrated compliance with all requirements for initial listing on Nasdaq.
Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Since our Initial Public Offering, our activity has been limited to the search for a prospective initial Business Combination, and we will not be generating any operating revenues until the closing and completion of our initial Business Combination. We are incurring expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a net loss of $439,412, which consists of operating expenses of $907,406, offset by interest income on securities held in the trust account established for the benefit of our public stockholders (the “Trust Account”) of $138,764 and the forgiveness of previously recorded professional fees of $352,071.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, we had a net income of $408,427, which consists of interest income on securities held in the Trust Account of $1,205,820, offset by operating costs of $713,187 and provision for income taxes of $84,206.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2020, we had cash and marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $5,967,947 (including approximately $138,764 of interest income) consisting of money market funds. Interest income earned on the balance in the Trust Account may be used by us to pay taxes. To date, we have withdrawn $716,788 of interest from the Trust Account in order to pay our income and franchise taxes, of which $161,430 was withdrawn during the year ended December 31, 2020.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, cash used in operating activities amounted to $598,617. Net loss of $434,412 was the result of the forgiveness of previously recorded professional fees in the amount of $352,071 and interest earned on securities held in the Trust Account of $138,764 and changes in operating assets and liabilities, which provided $326,630 of cash for operating activities.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, cash used in operating activities amounted to $792,731. Net income of $408,427 was the result of interest earned on securities held in the Trust Account of $1,205,820, offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities, which provided $4,662 of cash for operating activities.
We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account to acquire a target business or businesses and to pay our expenses relating thereto. To the extent that our capital stock is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our Business Combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account, as well as any other net proceeds not expended, will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business. Such working capital funds could be used in a variety of ways including, but not limited to, continuing or expanding the target business’ operations, for strategic acquisitions and for marketing, research and development of existing or new products. Such funds could also be used to repay any expenses or finders’ fees which we had incurred prior to the completion of our Business Combination if the funds available to us outside of the Trust Account were insufficient to cover such expenses.
As of December 31, 2020, A/Z Property has loaned us an aggregate of approximately $862,148 in order to pay our Non-Business Combination Related Expenses and extension payments. Upon consummation of a Business Combination, up to $200,000 of the Non-Business Combination Related Expenses may be repaid by us to the Sponsor provided that we have funds available to us sufficient to repay such expenses (the “Cap”) as well as to pay for all stockholder redemptions, all Business Combination Expenses, repayment of the Notes, and any funds necessary for our working capital requirements following closing of the Business Combination. Any remaining amounts in excess of the Cap will be forgiven. If we do not consummate a Business Combination, all outstanding loans made by the Sponsor to cover the Non-Business Combination Related Expenses will be forgiven. We repaid $35,000 of such loans during the year ended December 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, BRAC has loaned us an aggregate of approximately $1,809,889 in order to fund extension payments and other expenses.
We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet expenditures required for operating our business. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Business Combination are less than the actual amounts necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our Business Combination. In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, our Sponsor, officers and directors or their respective affiliates may, but are not obligated to, except as described above, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete a Business Combination, we may repay such loaned amounts out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to us. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into units, at a price of $10.00 per unit at the option of the lender. The units would be identical to the Private Placement Units.
Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our Business Combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of our Business Combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such Business Combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, we would only complete such financing simultaneously with the completion of our Business Combination. If we are unable to complete our Business Combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the Trust Account. In addition, following our Business Combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations.
Off-balance sheet financing arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020.
Contractual obligations
We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities.
We have engaged EarlyBirdCapital as an advisor in connection with a Business Combination to assist us in holding meetings with its stockholders to discuss a potential Business Combination and the target business’ attributes, introduce us to potential investors that are interested in purchasing securities, assist us in obtaining stockholder approval for the Business Combination and assist us with our press releases and public filings in connection with a Business Combination. The Business Combination Marketing Agreement between us and EarlyBirdCapital provides that we will pay EarlyBirdCapital a cash fee for such services upon the consummation of a Business Combination in an amount equal to 4.0% of the gross proceeds of the Initial Public Offering (exclusive of any applicable finders’ fees which might become payable). In connection with the proposed Merger with NeuroRx, EarlyBirdCapital agreed that, in lieu of such cash fee, it would be paid an aggregate of 200,000 shares of our common stock upon consummation of the Merger. If a Business Combination is not consummated for any reason, no fee will be due or payable.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have identified the following critical accounting policies:
Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
We account for our common stock subject to possible conversion in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. Our common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, common stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of our consolidated balance sheets.
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
We apply the two-class method in calculating earnings per share. Net income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted for common stock subject to possible redemption is calculated by dividing the interest income earned on the Trust Account, net of applicable taxes, if any, by the weighted average number of shares of common stock subject to possible redemption outstanding for the period. Net income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted for and non-redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing net loss less income attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption, by the weighted average number of shares of non-redeemable common stock outstanding for the period presented.
Recent Accounting Standards
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our financial statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
This information appears following Item 16 of this Form 10-K and is included herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
As required by the SEC rules and regulations for the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
1.
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company,
2.
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and
3.
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect errors or misstatements in our consolidated financial statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2020. In making these assessments, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessments and those criteria, management determined that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.
This Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
As of the date of this Form 10-K, our directors and officers are as set forth in the table below. There are no family relationships between any of our directors or senior management. There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any person referred to above was selected as a director or member of senior management. The Company is not aware of any agreements or arrangements between any director and any person or entity other than the Company relating to the compensation or other payments in connection with such director’s candidacy or service as a director of the Company.
Name
Age
Position
Richard Ackerman
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Bennett Kim
Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer and Director
Richard Birdoff
Director
Michael Fong
Director
Stuart F. Koenig
Director
Albert G. Rex
Director
Troy T. Taylor
Director
Richard Ackerman, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer since September 18, 2017, formed Big Rock Partners (“BRP”) in 2004. BRP is an opportunistic real estate investment firm that has invested in and managed over $800 million in assets since its formation. In 2012, BRP began to focus on senior housing development as there was a distinct supply - demand imbalance and fragmentation in senior housing developers, and formed Big Rock Senior Housing, a national leader in developing and managing new Class A senior housing communities of $50 million and more. Class A housing communities consist of prestigious buildings with high quality standard finishes, state of the art systems, exceptional accessibility and a defined market presence competing for premier senior housing users with rents above average for the area. Mr. Ackerman serves as the Senior Managing Principal of BRP and Big Rock Senior Housing. Prior to BRP, from 2001 to 2004, Mr. Ackerman served as the Head of the Los Angeles office of Apollo, overseeing all investments on the U.S. West Coast and Japan for the global private equity firm. In August 1999, Mr. Ackerman was appointed by Apollo as the Chief Executive Officer of Atlantic Gulf Communities Corporation (an Apollo portfolio company) in order to restructure the company and served in that capacity until April 2001. This publicly traded development and asset management company’s primary operations included the development and sale of home sites and land tracts and the construction and sale of oceanfront condominiums. From September 1996 to August 1999, Mr. Ackerman was President and co-founder of Crocker Realty Trust, a private REIT (an Apollo portfolio company) specializing in the ownership and development of office space in the southeastern United States. Prior to 1996, he was president and co-founder of Crocker Realty Investors, a publicly traded REIT and a portfolio company of the first Apollo Real Estate Investment Fund. The company specialized in the ownership and development of office space until its sale to Highwoods Properties, Inc. In addition to the foregoing business experience, Mr. Ackerman served as Chief Executive Officer and a director of ALDA Office Properties, Inc. (“ALDA”) during 2011. ALDA was formed in 2011 to acquire, own and operate office properties in select markets primarily in Northern and Southern California. In 2011, ALDA filed a registration statement for its initial public offering, which offering was subsequently abandoned due to market conditions. Mr. Ackerman is also a former Director of Summerville Senior Living, Inc., which is one of the largest assisted living companies in the nation. Mr. Ackerman graduated with a B.A. from Tulane University and a J.D. from the Tulane School of Law.
Bennett Kim, our Chief Financial Officer and a director since February 7, 2020 and Chief Investment Officer and Corporate Secretary since September 18, 2017, has served as the Managing Principal of Big Rock Senior Housing since January 2016. Mr. Kim was the Chief Investment Officer at BRP from May 2006 to July 2014 and was responsible for acquisitions, development, asset management, and dispositions. From July 2014 to December 2015, Mr. Kim served as the Head of Acquisitions for Carefree Communities, the fifth largest national owner and operator of manufactured housing communities and RV parks with 103 communities and 28,000 sites. From January 2001 to May 2006, Mr. Kim served as a Vice President at Apollo and was responsible for new investments and investment management including the development of a $400 million mixed-use project that consists of two hotels, two condominium towers, retail, office and structured parking. Mr. Kim also formulated work-out strategies for one of the largest assisted living companies in the nation while at Apollo. Between 1999 to 2000, Mr. Kim was an Assistant Vice President at Oaktree Capital Management, where he evaluated and executed investments in the U.S. and Japan for funds then totaling $1.7 billion of equity. Previously, Mr. Kim worked as an Associate at Merrill Lynch Real Estate Investment Banking, where he evaluated financing alternatives for public and private real estate companies. Mr. Kim also worked as a Senior Analyst at Walt Disney Imagineering and as an Analyst at Disney Development Company. Mr. Kim graduated with an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and a B.A. in Economics from UCLA.
Richard J. Birdoff, who has served as one of our directors since November 20, 2017, has served as President of RD Management and Realty Investors Development Corp. (“RD Management”), a privately held retail real estate developer and manager, since January 2015. Mr. Birdoff is responsible for all aspects of the day-to-day operations of the company including development, construction, acquisitions, sales and dispositions. Mr. Birdoff joined RD Management in 1991 as a principal and Executive Vice President and since 1994, he has developed in excess of 10,000,000 sq. ft. of shopping centers. Mr. Birdoff previously served on the Board of Directors of Crocker Realty Investors, a Florida based publicly held real estate investment trust. Mr. Birdoff has been engaged in the real estate business for more than 30 years. He received an undergraduate degree from Emory College in 1980 and his Juris Doctorate degree in 1983 from Emory University Law School. Following his graduation, Mr. Birdoff worked for IRT Properties in Atlanta, Georgia. Thereafter, in 1984, he joined Bertram Associates of Union, New Jersey where Mr. Birdoff served as associate counsel. Bertram Associates, at the time was one of New Jersey’s largest residential developers. Mr. Birdoff then transitioned to be a principal in the real estate development industry with Bertram Associates focusing on site acquisition, construction and sales of residential homes.
Michael Fong, who has served as one of our directors since November 20, 2017, serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of JF International Ltd. (“JF International”), a private equity firm he founded since 2003. JF International invests and manages a diversified portfolio of worldwide investments in real estate and operating companies. In 2015, JF International joined with BRP to invest in the luxury senior housing sector. From 1994 to 2003, Mr. Fong was the Managing Director of The ALJ Group, which is based in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and is one of the largest privately held business enterprises in the Middle East. Mr. Fong also previously served from 1990 to 1994 as the President of Jaymont Properties, Inc., a real estate development and management company with a substantial portfolio of premier office and mixed used properties located in the central business district of major cities such as New York, Boston, San Francisco, Orlando, Chicago, and Miami. From 1979 to 1990, Mr. Fong was President of Intercap Investments, Inc., a commercial developer of real estate central business district projects in Miami and Coral Gables. From 1998 to 1999, Mr. Fong was the President of the Coral Gables, FL Chamber of Commerce and served on its Board of Directors for several years. Prior to 1979, Mr. Fong was President of Interfin Investments, Inc., an investment banking firm based in Lincoln, Nebraska and New York. From 1975 to 1979, Mr. Fong was a Vice President and also served as Assistant to the President of DuPont Walston, Inc., a major retail brokerage and investment banking firm with over 200 branches across the United States. Mr. Fong began his business career in 1971 with EDS, a firm founded by H. Ross Perot, and was sent to New York when Mr. Perot made an investment in DuPont Glore Forgan when EDS was awarded a major data processing contract for redesigning a new system for the brokerage business.
Stuart Koenig, who has served as one of our directors since November 20, 2017, has over forty years of diversified experience in the real estate, investment banking and financial services industries. His experience includes every aspect of commercial and residential real estate including acquisition, financing, leasing, property management and disposition. Mr. Koenig most recently served as a Senior Partner in the real estate division of Ares Management, LP (“Ares”), a global alternative asset manager with over $100 billion of assets under management, from 2013 to 2016. Mr. Koenig served as Chair of the Investment Committees of the real estate funds of Ares, which collectively had $8 billion under management. From 1995 to 2013, Mr. Koenig served as the Global Chief Financial Officer, Chief Administrative Officer and Senior Partner of AREA Property Partners (“AREA”), a global real estate investment and asset management firm that raised and invested approximately $14 billion of client equity in more than 600 transactions across all sectors of real estate. Mr. Koenig oversaw the financing and administrative activities for AREA and was also responsible for its reporting, human resources, compliance, legal and structuring activities. Mr. Koenig helped negotiate and execute the sale of AREA to Ares Management in 2013. Prior to AREA, Mr. Koenig worked in various positions in investment bank including Goldman Sachs & Co. (1986-1994) and EF Hutton Inc. (1981-1986). From 1997-2014, Mr. Koenig served as the lead independent director and member of the compensation committee of Emeritus Corporation (NYSE: ESC) one of the largest publicly traded owners and operators of assisted living facilities in the country and helped oversee the sale of the company to Brookdale Senior Living (NYSE: BKD) in 2014. Mr. Koenig currently serves as Trustee for the Binghamton University Endowment Fund and is Chair of its Investment Committee and also provides consulting services for the U.S. investment activity of Profimex, an Israel based real estate investment firm. Mr. Koenig has a B.A. from Binghamton University and an MBA from Baruch College of the City University of N.Y.
Albert G. Rex, who has served as one of our directors since November 20, 2017, has served as the Managing Director of Walker & Dunlop, a commercial real estate finance company, since May 2012. In this role, Mr. Rex has been involved in over 1500 loans totaling more than $15 billion in transactions. Mr. Rex has over 40 years of experience in the financing and equity aspects of commercial real estate development throughout the U.S. with a focus on the Southeast region. Mr. Rex spent the majority of his career as a Managing Partner with Carey Kramer, a company he helped found in 1983 and ultimately owned solely from 2001 until it merged with Collateral Real Estate Capital in 2005. Collateral later merged with Laureate Capital, LLC in 2007, to form Grandbridge Real Estate Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BB&T. Mr. Rex is a graduate of University of Florida with a degree in Finance and Real Estate and serves on their Real Estate Advisory Board. He is an active member of the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA), Urban Land Institute (ULI), International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC), and National Association of Industrial and Office Properties (NAIOP), where he has served as President of the South Florida Chapter.
Troy T. Taylor, who has served as one of our directors since November 20, 2017, has served as President of Algon Group, an advisory firm he founded, since 2002. Algon Group is a specialized financial firm providing sophisticated financial advisory services to stakeholders with complex, challenging, and financially distressed situations. Mr. Taylor has 25 years of experience including investment banking, restructuring (both in Chapter 11 and out-of-court) and senior management. Mr. Taylor has served as the Chief Restructuring Officer, Chief Executive Officer or Lead Financial Advisor in a broad range of industries including manufacturing, distribution, hospitality, real estate and retail. He has also served as a member of the Board of Directors of several public and private companies, including Keystone Consolidated Industries, Inc., Barjan, Inc., and 1-800-AutoTow, Inc. He currently serves as Vice Chairman of Hyperion Bank located in Philadelphia. Before 2002, Mr. Taylor served in various capacities with GMA Partners, Inc., KPMG Peat Marwick, LLP, Morgan Keegan & Company, Inc., Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. and Thomson McKinnon Securities, Inc. Mr. Taylor received his B.S. in Economics and his MBA from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
Employees
As of the date hereof, the Company has no employees except its two executive officers who receive no compensation from the Company. These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary to our affairs until we have completed our initial business combination. We do not have, and do not intend to have, any full time employees prior to the consummation of our initial business combination.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors has three standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating committee and a compensation committee. The rules of Nasdaq and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act as required by the rules of the Nasdaq, require that the audit committee and the compensation committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors.
Audit Committee
Our audit committee of the board of directors consists of Messrs. Fong, Rex and Taylor (Chair), each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq’s listing standards. The audit committee’s duties, which are specified in our Audit Committee Charter, include:
●
reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor the annual audited financial statements, and recommending to the board whether the audited financial statements should be included in our Form 10-K;
●
discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of our financial statements;
●
discussing with management major risk assessment and risk management policies;
●
monitoring the independence of the independent auditor;
●
verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law;
●
reviewing and approving all related-party transactions;
●
inquiring and discussing with management our compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
●
pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms of the services to be performed;
●
appointing or replacing the independent auditor;
●
determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work;
●
establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or reports which raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies; and
●
approving reimbursement of expenses incurred by our management team in identifying potential target businesses.
The audit committee has been at all times be composed exclusively of “independent directors” who are “financially literate” as defined under Nasdaq’s listing standards. Nasdaq’s standards define “financially literate” as being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company’s balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
In addition, we must certify to Nasdaq that the committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. The board of directors has determined that Mr. Taylor qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.
Nominating Committee
Our nominating committee of our board of directors consists of Messrs. Fong, Koenig, Rex (Chair), each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq’s listing standards. The nominating committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on our board of directors. The nominating committee considers persons identified by its members, management, stockholders, investment bankers and others.
Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees
The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are specified in the Nominating Committee Charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:
●
should have demonstrated notable or significant achievements in business, education or public service;
●
should possess the requisite intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution to the board of directors and bring a range of skills, diverse perspectives and backgrounds to its deliberations; and
●
should have the highest ethical standards, a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication to serving the interests of the stockholders.
The Nominating Committee considers a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism in evaluating a person’s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating committee may require certain skills or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The nominating committee does not distinguish among nominees recommended by stockholders and other persons.
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee of the board of directors consists of Messrs. Birdoff, Koenig (Chair) and Taylor, each of whom is an independent director under Nasdaq’s listing standards. The compensation committee’s duties, which are specified in our Compensation Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:
●
reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation;
●
reviewing and approving the compensation of all of our other executive officers;
●
reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans;
●
implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans;
●
assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;
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approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our executive officers and employees;
●
if required, producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and
●
reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our executive officers, directors and employees. The code of ethics codifies the business and ethical principles that govern all aspects of our business.
Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to certain limitations, we shall indemnify our directors and officers against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. Such indemnity only applies if the person acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of the directors as to whether the person acted honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interests and as to whether the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful and is, in the absence of fraud, sufficient for the purposes of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement, conviction or the entering of a nolle prosequi does not, by itself, create a presumption that the person did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interests or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
We have entered into agreements with our officers and directors to provide contractual indemnification in addition to the indemnification provided for in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also will permit us to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any officer or director who at the request of the Company is or was serving as a director or officer of, or in any other capacity is or was acting for, another company or a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against the person and incurred by the person in that capacity, whether or not the company has or would have had the power to indemnify the person against the liability as provided in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. We have purchased a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our officers and directors against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances and insures us against our obligations to indemnify our officers and directors.
These provisions may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders. Furthermore, a shareholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
We believe that these provisions, the insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
From November 20, 2017 through August 20, 2018, we paid our Sponsor an aggregate fee of up to $10,000 per month for providing us with office space and certain office and secretarial services. This arrangement was solely for our benefit and was not intended to provide our executive officers or directors compensation in lieu of a salary. Effective August 20, 2018, Sponsor agreed to stop charging us the monthly administrative fee.
No compensation or fees of any kind, including finder’s, consulting fees and other similar fees, will be paid to our Sponsor, BRAC, our officers or directors, or their respective affiliates, for services rendered prior to or in connection with the consummation of our initial business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is). However, they will receive repayment of any loans made by the, for working capital purposes and reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with activities on our behalf, such as identifying potential target businesses, performing business due diligence on suitable target businesses and business combinations as well as traveling to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses to examine their operations. In connection with the proposed business combination with NeuroRx, if such business combination is completed, our Sponsor and lenders agreed to only seek repayment of outstanding working capital loans to the extent the amount remaining amount remaining in the trust account after taking into account conversions by public stockholders, plus any amounts raised in the PIPE or any other financing, exceeds $5 million. The Sponsor and lenders further agreed that amounts not repaid will be converted into two-year convertible promissory notes with a principal amount of no more than approximately $2.7 million, which will bear interest at three percent (3%) per annum. Such arrangements are described in detail in the Registration Statement on Form S-4, and the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus/consent solicitation statement included therein, filed by the Company with the SEC on January 27, 2021. There is no limit on the amount of out-of-pocket expenses reimbursable by us.
After our initial business combination, members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting, management or other fees from the combined company with any and all amounts being fully disclosed to stockholders, to the extent then known, in the proxy solicitation materials furnished to our stockholders. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of a stockholder meeting held to consider an initial business combination, as it will be up to the directors of the post-combination business to determine executive and director compensation. In this event, such compensation will be publicly disclosed at the time of its determination in a Current Report on Form 8-K, as required by the SEC.
Grants of Plan-Based Awards and Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
We do not have any equity incentive plans under which to grant awards.
Director Compensation
We have not paid our directors fees in the past for attending board meetings. In the future, we may adopt a policy of paying independent directors a fee for their attendance at board and committee meetings. We reimburse each director for reasonable travel expenses related to such director’s attendance at board of directors and committee meetings.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock as of the date of this Form 10-K by:
●
each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;
●
each of our officers, directors and senior advisors; and
●
all our officers and directors as a group.
As of the date of this Form 10-K, there were a total of 2,688,242 shares of common stock outstanding. Unless otherwise indicated, all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them. The following table does not reflect beneficial ownership of the Company’s rights or warrants as these rights and warrants are not convertible or exercisable, respectively, within 60 days of the date of this Form 10-K.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
Officers and Directors
Richard Ackerman (2)
497,500
18.51%
Bennett Kim
-
0%
Richard Birdoff
-
0%
Michael Fong
-
0%
Stuart Koenig (3)
-
0%
Albert G. Rex (3)
-
0%
Troy T. Taylor (3)
-
0%
0%
All Officers and Directors as a Group (7 individuals)
497,500
18.51%
Five Percent Holders
BRAC Lending Group LLC (4)
1,432,000
53.27%
Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC (2)
497,500
18.51%
EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (5)
138,000
5.13%
(1)
Unless otherwise noted, the address of each beneficial owner is c/o Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp, 2645 N. Federal Highway, Suite 230, Delray Beach, FL 33483.
(2)
Richard Ackerman is the President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp. and the managing member of Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC and has the sole voting and dispositive power of the securities held by the Sponsor. Accordingly. Mr. Ackerman may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of such shares.
(3)
Does not include shares held by Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC. This individual is a member of Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC.
(4)
Information was obtained from a Schedule 13D filed on November 26, 2018 with the SEC. Each of David M. Nussbaum and Steven Levine is a managing member of BRAC Lending Group LLC.
(5)
The business address of EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. is One Huntington Quadrangle, Suite 4C18, Melville, NY 11747. Each of David M. Nussbaum and Steven Levine control the voting and investment power over the securities held by EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. was the representative of the underwriters of the Company’s initial public offering.
All of the insider shares are being held in escrow with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as escrow agent, until (1) with respect to 50% of the insider shares, the earlier of one year after the date of the consummation of our initial business combination and the date on which the closing price of our shares of common stock equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, reorganizations and recapitalizations) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing after our initial business combination and (2) with respect to the remaining 50% of the insider shares, one year after the date of the consummation of our initial business combination, or earlier, in either case, if, subsequent to our initial business combination, we consummate a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of our stockholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other property. In connection with the proposed business combination with NeuroRx, the existing escrow agreement will be amended. Such amendment is described in detail in the Registration Statement on Form S-4, and the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus/consent solicitation statement included therein, filed by the Company with the SEC on January 27, 2021.
During the escrow period, as currently existing, the owners of the shares held in escrow will not be able to sell or transfer such shares except for transfers, assignments or sales (i) to our officers, directors, employees, consultants or their affiliates, (ii) to an entity’s officers, directors, employees or members, (iii) to relatives and trusts for estate planning purposes, (iv) by virtue of the laws of descent and distribution upon death, (v) pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order, (vi) to us for no value for cancellation in connection with the consummation of our initial business combination, or (vii) by private sales made at or prior to the consummation of a business combination at prices no greater than the price at which the shares were originally purchased, in each case (except for clause (vi) or with our prior consent) where the transferee agrees to the terms of the escrow agreement and to be bound by these transfer restrictions and other agreements of our initial stockholder as set forth herein, but will retain all other rights as our stockholders, including, without limitation, the right to vote their shares of common stock and the right to receive cash dividends, if declared. If dividends are declared and payable in shares of common stock, such dividends will also be placed in escrow. Similar transfer restrictions will apply if the escrow agreement is amended in connection with the Company’s proposed initial business combination with NeuroRx.
If we are unable to effect a business combination and liquidate, there will be no liquidation distribution with respect to the insider shares.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
Working Capital Loans
In order to meet working capital needs following the consummation of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor, officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion. Each loan would be evidenced by a promissory note. The notes would either be paid upon consummation of our initial business combination, without interest (subject to any limitation on repayment agreed to in connection with such initial business combination), or, at the holder’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of the notes may be converted into private units at a price of $10.00 per unit. The units would be identical to the private placement units (which, for example, would result in the holders being issued 165,000 shares of common stock if an aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000 of notes were so converted since the 150,000 rights included in such units would result in the issuance of 15,000 shares upon the closing of our business combination, as well as 75,000 warrants to purchase 75,000 shares). If we do not complete a business combination, the loans will be forgiven.
Registration Rights Agreement
The holder of our founder’s shares issued and outstanding on the date of the Initial Public Offering, as well as the holders of the private placement units and any warrants our Sponsor, officers, directors or their affiliates may be issued in payment of working capital loans made to us (and all underlying securities), are entitled to registration rights pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement among the Company and our Sponsor. The holders of a majority of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands that we register such securities. The holders of the majority of the founder’s shares can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time commencing three months prior to the date on which these shares of common stock are to be released from escrow. The holders of a majority of the private placement units or private units issued in payment of working capital loans made to us (or underlying securities) can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time after we consummate a business combination. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to our consummation of a business combination. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Administrative Support Agreement
The Sponsor agreed that, commencing on November 20, 2017 through the earlier of our consummation of our initial business combination or our liquidation, it would make available to us certain general and administrative services, including office space, utilities and administrative support, as we may require from time to time. The Company agreed to pay the Sponsor an aggregate of up to $10,000 per month for these services. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $75,000 in fees for these services. Effective August 20, 2018, the Sponsor agreed to stop charging us the monthly administrative fee.
Promissory Notes - Related Party
On November 17, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement with the Sponsor and BRAC (“Extension Funding Agreement”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the Sponsor transferred an aggregate of 1,500,000 Founders Shares to BRAC in exchange for the agreements set forth below and aggregate cash consideration of $1.00. Pursuant to the Extension Funding Agreement, the Sponsor agreed to extend the period of time the Company has to consummate a Business Combination up to two times for an aggregate of up to six months and BRAC agreed to loan the Company the funds necessary to obtain the extensions. Pursuant to the Extension Funding Agreement, BRAC has also agreed to loan the Company all funds necessary to pay expenses incurred in connection with and in order to consummate a Business Combination (the “Business Combination Expenses”) and such loans will be added to the notes.
On November 20, 2018, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note (the “First Note”) in favor of BRAC, in the original principal amount of $690,000, to provide us the funds necessary to obtain the first three-month extension, from November 22, 2018 to February 22, 2019. On February 21, 2019, the Company issued a second unsecured promissory note (the “Second Note”) in favor of BRAC, in the original principal amount of $690,000, to provide us the funds necessary to obtain the second three-month extension, from February 22, 2019 to May 22, 2019.
In connection with the stockholders’ approval of the extended date of August 22, 2019, the Company issued another unsecured promissory note (the “Third Note”) in favor of BRAC in order to pay for part of the third extension payment in the original principal amount of $6,814.
On December 31, 2019, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note, as amended on March 31, 2020, June 30, 2020, and September 30, 2020 (the “Fourth Note” and, together with the First Note, Second Note, and Third Note, the “Extension Notes”) in favor of BRAC in the aggregate principal amount of $317,547 in order to pay for part of the extension payments. Through December 31, 2020, BRAC loaned the Company an aggregate of $423,075, of which $141,299 was loaned during the year ended December 31, 2020 to pay for part of the extension payments through December 23, 2020 and $32,967 was loaned during the year ended December 31, 2020 to pay for extension related costs and $100,000 was loaned during the year ended December 31, 2020 for working capital purposes.
If the Company does not consummate a Business Combination, all outstanding loans under the Extension Notes will be forgiven, except to the extent of any funds held outside of the Trust Account after paying all other fees and expenses of the Company incurred prior to the date of such failure to consummate a Business Combination.
As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding balance under the Extension Notes amounted to an aggregate of $1,809,889 . The Sponsor has agreed to be responsible for all liabilities of the Company effective November 17, 2018, except for liabilities associated with the possible redemption of shares by the Company’s shareholders, as described in the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The Sponsor has also agreed to loan the Company the funds necessary to pay the expenses of the Company other than the Business Combination Expenses through the closing of a Business Combination when and as needed in order for the Company to continue in operation (the “Non-Business Combination Related Expenses”). Upon consummation of a Business Combination, up to $200,000 of the Non-Business Combination Related Expenses will be repaid by the Company to the Sponsor provided that the Company has funds available to it sufficient to repay such expenses (the “Cap”) as well as to pay for all stockholder redemptions, all Business Combination Expenses, repayment of the Extension Notes, and any funds necessary for the working capital requirements of NRX Pharmaceuticals following closing of the Business Combination. Any remaining amounts in excess of the Cap will be forgiven. On December 31, 2019, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to the Sponsor in the original principal amount of $446,283 to pay for Non-Business Combination Related Expenses. Of the amount loaned to the Company, $117,333 was used in order to pay for part of the extension payments in connection with the Extension to November 22, 2019. If the Company does not consummate a Business Combination, all outstanding loans made by the Sponsor to cover the Non-Business Combination Related Expenses will be forgiven, except as set forth above.
In November 2019, in connection with the stockholders’ approval of the extended date of March 23, 2020, A/Z Property loaned the Company an additional $30,143 to pay for part of the extension through December 2019. In January and February 2020, A/Z Property loaned the Company an aggregate additional amount of $60,285 to pay for part of the extension through March 23, 2020.
In March 2020, in connection with the stockholders’ approval of the Extended Date of July 23, 2020, A/Z Property loaned the Company an additional $11,611 under the Second Note to pay for part of the extension through April 23, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, A/Z Property has loaned us an aggregate of approximately $862,148 in order to pay our Non-Business Combination Related Expenses and extension payments. As of December 31, 2020, BRAC has loaned us an aggregate of approximately $1,809,889 in order to fund extension payments and other expenses.
In connection with the proposed business combination with NeuroRx, if such business combination is completed, our Sponsor and lenders agreed to only seek repayment of outstanding working capital loans to the extent the amount remaining amount remaining in the trust account after taking into account conversions by public stockholders, plus any amounts raised in the PIPE or any other financing, exceeds $5 million. The Sponsor and lenders further agreed that amounts not repaid will be converted into two-year convertible promissory notes with a principal amount of no more than approximately $2.7 million, which will bear interest at three percent (3%) per annum. Such arrangements are described in detail in the Registration Statement on Form S-4, and the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus/consent solicitation statement included therein, filed by the Company with the SEC on January 27, 2021.
After our initial business combination, members of our management team who remain with us may be paid consulting, management or other fees from the combined company with any and all amounts being fully disclosed to stockholders, to the extent then known, in the proxy solicitation materials furnished to our stockholders. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of a stockholder meeting held to consider an initial business combination, as it will be up to the directors of the post-combination business to determine executive and director compensation. In this event, such compensation will be publicly disclosed at the time of its determination in a Current Report on Form 8-K, as required by the SEC.
All ongoing and future transactions between us and any of our officers and directors or their respective affiliates will be on terms believed by us to be no less favorable to us than are available from unaffiliated third parties. Such transactions will require prior approval by a majority of our uninterested ”independent” directors or the members of our board who do not have an interest in the transaction, in either case who had access, at our expense, to our attorneys or independent legal counsel. We will not enter into any such transaction unless our disinterested ”independent” directors determine that the terms of such transaction are no less favorable to us than those that would be available to us with respect to such a transaction from unaffiliated third parties.
Related Party Policy
Our Code of Ethics requires us to avoid, wherever possible, all related party transactions that could result in actual or potential conflicts of interests, except under guidelines approved by the board of directors (or the audit committee). Related-party transactions are defined as transactions in which (1) the aggregate amount involved will or may be expected to exceed $120,000 in any calendar year, (2) we or any of our subsidiaries is a participant, and (3) any (a) executive officer, director or nominee for election as a director, (b) greater than 5% beneficial owner of our shares of common stock, or (c) immediate family member, of the persons referred to in clauses (a) and (b), has or will have a direct or indirect material interest (other than solely as a result of being a director or a less than 10% beneficial owner of another entity). A conflict of interest situation can arise when a person takes actions or has interests that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may also arise if a person, or a member of his or her family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position.
Our audit committee, pursuant to its written charter, will be responsible for reviewing and approving related-party transactions to the extent we enter into such transactions. The audit committee will consider all relevant factors when determining whether to approve a related party transaction, including whether the related party transaction is on terms no less favorable to us than terms generally available from an unaffiliated third-party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction. No director may participate in the approval of any transaction in which he is a related party, but that director is required to provide the audit committee with all material information concerning the transaction. We also require each of our directors and executive officers to complete a directors’ and officers’ questionnaire that elicits information about related party transactions.
These procedures are intended to determine whether any such related party transaction impairs the independence of a director or presents a conflict of interest on the part of a director, employee or officer.
To further minimize conflicts of interest, we have agreed not to consummate an initial business combination with an entity that is affiliated with any of our Sponsor, officers or directors including (i) an entity that is either a portfolio company of, or has otherwise received a material financial investment from, any private equity fund or investment company (or an affiliate thereof) that is affiliated with any of the foregoing, (ii) an entity in which any of the foregoing or their affiliates are currently passive investors, (iii) an entity in which any of the foregoing or their affiliates are currently officers or directors, or (iv) an entity in which any of the foregoing or their affiliates are currently invested through an investment vehicle controlled by them, unless we have obtained an opinion from an independent investment banking firm, or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions on the type of target business we are seeking to acquire, and the approval of a majority of our disinterested independent directors that the business combination is fair to our unaffiliated stockholders from a financial point of view.
Director Independence
Messrs. Birdoff, Fong, Koenig, Rex and Taylor are each considered an “independent director” under the Nasdaq listing rules, which is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship, which, in the opinion of the company’s board of directors would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.
Our independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
The following is a summary of fees paid or to be paid to Marcum LLP (“Marcum”) for services rendered.
Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our year-end financial statements and services that are normally provided by Marcum in connection with regulatory filings. The aggregate fees billed by Marcum for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of the financial information included in our Form 10-K and other required filings with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled approximately $52,000 and $49,000, respectively. The above amounts include interim procedures, audit fees, and consent issued for registration statements and comfort letters.
Audit-Related Fees. Audit-related services consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. We paid did not pay Marcum for consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Tax Fees. We did not pay Marcum for tax planning and tax advice for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
All Other Fees. We did not pay Marcum for other services for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Pre-Approval Policy
Since the formation of our audit committee upon the consummation of our Initial Public Offering, and on a going-forward basis, the audit committee has and will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit). The audit committee pre-approved all auditing services provided by Marcum set forth above for 2020 and 2019.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:
(1)
Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
to
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules:
None.
(3)
Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Form 10-K.
Exhibit No.
Description
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 13, 2020, by and among Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp., NeuroRx, Inc., and Big Rock Merger Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on December 17, 2020).
2.2*
First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 27, 2021, by and among Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp., NeuroRx, Inc., and Big Rock Merger Corp.
2.3
Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 27, 2021, by and among Big Rock Partners Acquisition Corp., NeuroRx, Inc., and Big Rock Merger Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on March 22, 2021).
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
3.2
Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on May 22, 2019).
3.3
Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on August 23, 2019).
3.4
Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2019).
3.5
Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on March 23, 2020).
3.6
Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on July 23, 2020).
3.7
Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on December 18, 2020).
3.8
Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
4.1
Specimen Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form S-1/A, File No. 333 220947, filed on November 14, 2017).
4.2
Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form S-1/A, File No. 333-220947, filed on November 14, 2017).
4.3
Specimen Right Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form S-1/A, File No. 333 220947, filed on November 14, 2017).
4.4
Specimen Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Form S-1/A, File No. 333 220947, filed on November 14, 2017).
4.5
Right Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, File No. 001-38302, filed on November 22, 2017).
4.6
Warrant Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
4.7
Form of Unit Purchase Option, dated November 20, 2017, with EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. and its designees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
4.8*
Description of Registrant's Securities.
10.1(a)
Letter Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, by and between the Company and Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.1(b)
Form of Letter, dated November 20, 2017, Agreement by and between the Company and its officers and directors. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.1(c)
Letter Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, by and between the Company and A/Z Property Partners, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.2
Investment Management Trust Account Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.3
Stock Escrow Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, between the Company, Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.4
Registration Rights Agreement among the Company and Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.5
Administrative Services Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, between the Company and Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.6(a)
Securities Subscription Agreement, dated September 26, 2017, between the Registrant and Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form S-1/A, File No. 333-220947, filed on November 14, 2017).
10.6(b)
Securities Subscription Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, between the Company and Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.7
Promissory Note, dated as of September 26, 2017, in favor of Richard Ackerman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form S-1/A, File No. 333-220947, filed on November 14, 2017).
10.8
Promissory Note, dated as of September 26, 2017, in favor of Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Form S-1/A, File No. 333-220947, filed on November 14, 2017).
10.9
Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, with the Company’s officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2017).
10.10
Agreement, dated November 17, 2018, among the Company, Big Rock Partners Sponsor, LLC and BRAC Lending Group LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2018).
10.11
Stock Escrow Agent Letter, dated November 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2018).
10.12
Registration Rights Assignment Agreement, dated November 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2018).
10.13
Insider Letter, dated November 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2018).
10.14
Promissory Note in favor of BRAC Lending Group LLC, dated November 20, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on November 20, 2018).
10.15
Promissory Note in favor of BRAC Lending Group LLC , dated February 21, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on February 22, 2019).
10.16
Promissory Note in favor of A/Z Property Partners, LLC, dated December 31, 2019.
10.17
Form of Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on March 12, 2021).
31.1*
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).
31.2*
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).
32.1**
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350.
32.2**
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document*.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*.
*
Filed herewith
**
Furnished herewith