EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1342958
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1342958_10-K_2025_0001641172-25-008420.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
Overview
We were incorporated in Nevada on December 13, 2000 as Vegas Petra, Inc. From that date until November 30, 2004, when we entered into a Plan of Merger with Digital Ally, Inc., a Nevada corporation which was formerly known as Trophy Tech Corporation (the “Predecessor Registrant”), we had not conducted any operations and were a closely-held company. In conjunction with the merger, we were renamed Digital Ally, Inc.
On January 2, 2008, we commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “DGLY.” We conduct our business from 6366 College Blvd., Overland Park, Kansas 66211. Our telephone number is (913) 814-7774. Our website address is www.digitalallyinc.com. The contents of, or information accessible through, our website are not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make our filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, as well as beneficial ownership filings available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
On August 23, 2022 (the “Effective Time”), the Predecessor Registrant merged with and into its wholly owned subsidiary, DGLY Subsidiary Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Registrant”), pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger, dated as of August 23, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”), between the Predecessor Registrant and the Registrant, with the Registrant as the surviving corporation in the merger (such transaction, the “Merger”). At the Effective Time, Articles of Merger were filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, pursuant to which the Registrant was renamed “Digital Ally, Inc.” and, by operation of law, succeeded to the assets, continued the business and assumed the rights and obligations of the Predecessor Registrant immediately prior to the Merger. Under the Nevada Revised Statutes, shareholder approval was not required in connection with the Merger Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby.
At the Effective Time, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (i) each outstanding share of Predecessor Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Predecessor Common Stock”) automatically converted into one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Registrant (“Registrant Common Stock”), (ii) each outstanding option, right or warrant to acquire shares of Predecessor Common Stock converted into an option, right or warrant, as applicable, to acquire an equal number of shares of Registrant Common Stock under the same terms and conditions as the original options, rights or warrants, and (iii) the directors and executive officers of the Predecessor Registrant were appointed as directors and executive officers, as applicable, of the Registrant, each to serve in the same capacity and for the same term as such person served with the Predecessor Registrant immediately before the Merger.
For the purposes of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context otherwise requires, (i) the term “our,” or “us” refers to the Predecessor Registrant and its subsidiaries with respect to the period prior to the Effective Time and to the Registrant and its subsidiaries with respect to the period on and after the Effective Time; (ii) as of any period prior to the Effective Time, references to the “directors” mean the directors of the Predecessor Registrant, and, as of any period at and after the Effective Time, the directors of the Registrant, (iii) as of any period prior to the Effective Time, references to “stockholders” mean the holders of Predecessor Common Stock, and, as of any period at and after the Effective Time, the holders of Registrant Common Stock, and (iv) as of any period prior to the Effective Time, references to “Common Stock” means the Predecessor Common Stock, and, as of any period at and after the Effective Time, Registrant Common Stock.
The business of the Registrant, Digital Ally, Inc. (with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Ally International, Inc., Shield Products, LLC, Digital Ally Healthcare, LLC (“Digital Ally Healthcare”), TicketSmarter, Inc. (“TicketSmarter”), Worldwide Reinsurance, Ltd., Digital Connect, Inc., BirdVu Jets, Inc., Kustom 440, Inc. (Kustom 440”), Kustom Entertainment, Inc., (“Kustom”), and its majority-owned subsidiary Nobility Healthcare, LLC, collectively, “Digital Ally,” “Digital,” and the “Company”), is divided into three reportable operating segments: 1) the Video Solutions Segment, 2) the Revenue Cycle Management Segment and 3) the Entertainment Segment. The Video Solutions Segment is our legacy business that produces digital video imaging, storage products, disinfectant and related safety products for use in law enforcement, security and commercial applications. This segment includes both service and product revenues through our subscription models offering cloud and warranty solutions, and hardware sales for video and health safety solutions. The Revenue Cycle Management Segment provides working capital and back-office services to a variety of healthcare organizations throughout the country, charging a monthly service fee. The Entertainment Segment acts as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers within our secondary ticketing platform, ticketsmarter.com, and we also acquire tickets from primary sellers to then sell through various platforms. In addition, our Entertainment Segment now includes live event production, including the recently acquired Country Stampede music festival and others. The accounting guidance on Segment Reporting establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information of those segments to be presented in financial statements. The following table sets forth the Company’s total revenue and the revenue derived from each reportable operating segment:
Years Ended December 31,
Net Revenues:
Video Solutions
$ 5,755,391
$ 7,471,285
Revenue Cycle Management
6,131,650
6,713,678
Entertainment
7,763,761
14,063,381
Total Net Revenues
$ 19,650,802
$ 28,248,344
Additional information regarding each reportable operating segment is also included in Note 22 entitled Segment Data of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements”.
Video Solutions Operating Segment
Within our video solutions operating segment we supply technology-based products utilizing our portable digital video and audio recording capabilities for the law enforcement and security industries and for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets. We have the ability to integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create positive solutions to our customers’ requests. Our products include: the EVO-HD, DVM-800 and DVM-800 Lite, which are in-car digital video systems for law enforcement and commercial markets; the FirstVu body-worn camera line, consisting of the FirstVu Pro, FirstVu II, and the FirstVu HD; our patented and revolutionary VuLink product, which integrates our body-worn cameras with our in-car systems by providing hands-free automatic activation for both law enforcement and commercial markets; EVO Web Portal, which is our cloud-based evidence management system for Law enforcement and commercial market; the EVO Fleet, FLT-250, DVM-250, and DVM-250 Plus, which are our commercial line of digital video products that serve as “event recorders” for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets; and FleetVu and VuLink, which are our cloud-based evidence management systems. We further diversified and broadened our product offerings in 2020, by introducing two new lines of branded products: (1) the ThermoVu® which is a line of self-contained temperature monitoring stations that provides alerts and controls facility access when an individual’s temperature exceeds a pre-set threshold and (2) our Shield™ disinfectants and cleansers, which are for use against viruses and bacteria.
Revenue from our video solutions operating segment encompasses video recording products and services for our law enforcement and commercial customers and the sale of ShieldTM disinfectant and personal protective products. This segment generates revenues through our subscription models offering cloud and warranty solutions, and hardware sales for video and personal protective safety products and solutions. Revenues for product sales are recognized upon delivery of the product, and revenues from our cloud and warranty subscription plans are deferred over the term of the subscription, typically 3 or 5 years.
Revenue Cycle Management Operating Segment
We entered the revenue cycle management business late in the second quarter of 2021 with the formation of our wholly owned subsidiary, Digital Ally Healthcare, Inc. and its majority-owned subsidiary Nobility Healthcare, LLC (“Nobility Healthcare”). Nobility Healthcare completed its first acquisition on June 30, 2021, when it acquired a private medical billing company, and has since completed three more acquisitions of private medical billing companies, in which we assist in providing working capital and back-office services to healthcare organizations throughout the country. Our services consist of insurance and benefit verification, medical treatment documentation and coding, and collections. Through our expertise and experience in this field, we aim to maximize our customers’ service revenues collected, leading to substantial improvements in their operating margins and cash flows.
Our revenue cycle management segment consists of our medical billing subsidiaries. Revenues of this segment are recognized after we perform the obligations of our revenue cycle management services. Our revenue cycle management services are services, performed and charged monthly, generally based on a contractual percentage of total customer collections, for which we recognize our net service fees.
Entertainment Operating Segment
We also provide live entertainment and events ticketing services through the formation of our wholly owned subsidiary, TicketSmarter and its completed acquisitions of Goody Tickets, LLC and TicketSmarter, LLC, on September 1, 2021. TicketSmarter provides ticket sales, partnerships, and mainly, ticket resale services through its online ticketing marketplace for live events, TicketSmarter.com. TicketSmarter offers tickets for over 125,000 live events through its platform, for a wide range of events, including concerts, sporting events, theatres, and performing arts, throughout the country.
Our entertainment operating segment consists of entertainment services provided through TicketSmarter and its online platform, TicketSmarter.com. Revenues of this segment include ticketing service charges generally determined as a percentage of the face value of the underlying ticket and ticket sales from our ticket inventory which are recognized when the underlying tickets are sold. This segment’s direct expenses include the cost of tickets purchased for resale by the Company and held as inventory, credit card fees, ticketing platform expenses, website maintenance fees, and other administrative costs.
In-Car Digital Video Mirror System for Law Enforcement - EVO-HD, DVM-800 and DVM-800 Lite
In-car video systems for patrol cars are a necessity and have generally become standard. Current systems are primarily digital based systems, with cameras mounted on the windshield and the recording device generally in the trunk, headliner, dashboard, console or under the seat of the vehicle.
The Company launched its in-car digital video platform under the name EVO-HD during the second quarter of 2019. The EVO-HD is a revolutionary in-car system that delivers versatility and reliability for law enforcement.
With built-in, patented auto-activation technology, EVO-HD captures multiple recording angles in sync from a FirstVu PRO or FirstVu HD body-worn camera and up to four HD in-car cameras - all from a single trigger. The EVO-HD maximizes space and offers top-end reliability when paired with remote service capabilities. An internal cell modem will allow for connectivity to EVO Web Portal, powered by Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) and real time metadata when in the field.
The Company offers the DVM-800, a continuation in the family of highly successful digital video mirrored (DVM) systems developed by the Company. The DVM-800 is a time-tested, compact, powerful and easy-to-use solution designed for law enforcement. The DVM-800 system has built-in road and driver facing cameras and can record up to two external HD cameras. The DVM-800 is compatible with the patented VuLink® auto-activation technology and can be paired with a FirstVu HD body-worn camera.
The Company also offers the DVM-800 Lite, an entry level system with a self-contained video recorder, microphone and digital storage system that is integrated into a rear-view mirror and is designed for law enforcement. The system can record up to two internal HD cameras.
In-Car Digital Video “Event Recorder” System - EVO Fleet, DVM-250 Plus and FLT-250 for Commercial Fleets
Digital Ally provides commercial fleets and commercial fleet managers with the digital video tools that they need to increase driver safety, track assets in real-time and minimize the company’s liability risk, all while enabling fleet managers to operate the fleet at an optimal level. We market a product designed to address these commercial fleet markets with our EVO Fleet, DVM-250 Plus and FLT-250 event recorders that provide various types of commercial fleets with features and capabilities that are fully-customizable and consistent with their specific application and inherent risks.
The DVM-250 Plus is a part of the DVM family and is designed for commercial fleets, featuring built-in digital audio and video recording technology and other features to provide commercial fleet managers unmatched driver and asset management - all while aiming to deliver the return on investment that matters most: the safety and security of drivers and passengers. The DVM-250 Plus is designed to capture events, such as wrecks and erratic driving or other abnormal occurrences, for evidentiary or training purposes. The commercial fleet markets may find our units attractive from both feature and cost perspective compared to other providers. Due to our marketing efforts, commercial fleets, in particular the ambulance and taxi-cab markets, are beginning to adopt this technology.
The FLT-250 offers the same great features of the DVM-250 Plus in a new compact, non-mirrored form factor that allows for multiple mounting options in any vehicle type for commercial fleets. The non-mirror-based aspect of this product allowed the FLT-250 to become more attractive for our potential customers, as it is a much simpler plug and play option compared to mirror-based products.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, Digital Ally released the EVO Fleet, offering a full-featured solution utilizing the latest in telematics technology, including immediate driver-assist feedback by recognizing (i) pedestrians, (ii) distracted or drowsy driving, and (iii) lane shifting. We believe that, due to the new technology, including the Artificial Intelligence interface, live tracking capabilities, up to four streams of video, and video on command, this product will become very prominent in the market and for our current and potential customers.
Digital Ally offers a suite of data management web-based tools to assist fleet managers in the organization, archiving, and management of videos and telematics information. Within the suite, there are powerful mapping and reporting tools that are intended to optimize efficiency, serve as training tools for teams on safety, and, ultimately, generate a significant return on investment for the organization.
The EVO-HD has become the platform for a new family of in-car video solution products for the commercial markets. The innovative EVO-HD technology replaces the current in-car mirror-based systems with a miniaturized system that can be custom-mounted in the vehicle, while offering numerous hardware configurations to meet the varied needs and requirements of our commercial customers. In its commercial market application, the EVO-HD can support up to four HD cameras, with two cameras having pre-event and ECA capabilities to allow customers to review entire shifts. An internal cell modem will allow for connectivity to the FleetVu Manager cloud-based system for commercial fleet tracking and monitoring, which is powered by AWS and real time metadata when in the field.
Body-Worn Digital Video System - FirstVu Pro, FirstVu II, and FirstVu HD for Law Enforcement and Private Security
Digital Ally launched two next generation body-worn cameras and docking stations, refreshing the Company’s complete ecosystem of evidence recording devices. The latest body worn camera launched by the Company is the FirstVu Pro, the Company’s flagship product in its family of next generation technology. The light weight, one-piece unit captures full HD video and audio, while offering industry leading features such as live streaming, a full-color touchscreen display, an advanced image sensor with IR LEDs, proprietary image distortion reduction, IP67 rated resisting dust and wind and is water submersible for 30 minutes at a depth of 3 feet. It is also MIL-STD-810G compliant, capable of handling drops, shock, and vibration, and will function flawlessly in a wide temperature range.
In addition to the FirstVu Pro, Digital Ally also added the FirstVu II to its family of next generation technology. The FirstVu II is a one-piece device offering industry leading technology, such as an articulating camera head, a full-color display, an advanced image sensor, and GPS. It can be used in law enforcement, private and event security and commercial segments.
Digital Ally still carries the FirstVu HD, the two-piece body-worn camera which allows for multiple mounting options while minimizing space and weight. It can be used in law enforcement, private and event security and commercial segments. This system is also a derivative of our in-car video systems, but is much smaller and lighter and more rugged and water-resistant to handle a hostile outdoor environment. The FirstVu HD can be used in many applications in addition to law enforcement and private security and is designed specifically to be clipped to an individual’s pocket or other outer clothing. The unit is self-contained and requires no external battery or storage devices. Our FirstVU HD integrates with our in-car video systems through our patented VuLink system, allowing for automatic activation of both systems.
With the newly introduced body-worn cameras, Digital Ally also introduced two new QuickVu docking stations (QuickVu 8 and QuickVu 24), compatible with the FirstVu PRO and FirstVu II body-worn cameras. The QuickVu docking stations provide a comprehensive and elegant solution for storing and charging body cameras while uploading video evidence to the cloud. QuickVu also allows for rapid reviewing of footage right from the interactive touchscreen display and is available in eight or twenty-four individual docking bays. For docking with the FirstVu HD body-worn cameras, Digital Ally offers a 12-bay docking station and Mini-Docks. The 12-bay docking station includes a 1TB local memory hard drive which can simultaneously upload 4 hours of video from 12 FirstVu HD cameras within a 15-minute shift change and push configuration updates. The Mini-Dock is a single unit, portable smart dock that uploads video evidence to VuVault from a FirstVu HD body camera.
Auto-activation and Interconnectivity Between In-car Video Systems and Body-worn Camera Products - VuLink for Law Enforcement
Recognizing a critical limitation in law enforcement camera technology, we pioneered the development of our VuLink ecosystem that provides intuitive auto-activation functionality as well as coordination between multiple recording devices. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) has recognized these pioneering efforts by granting us multiple patents with claims covering a variety of triggers, including emergency lights and sirens, extreme acceleration or braking, g-force or any 12-volt relay. Additionally, the awarded patent claims cover automatic coordination between multiple recording devices. Prior to our VuLink ecosystem, officers had to manually activate each device while responding to emergency scenarios, a requirement that both decreased the usefulness of the existing camera systems and diverted officers’ attention during critical moments.
EVO Web and FleetVu Manager
EVO Web is a web-based software, powered by and hosted on the AWS GovCloud platform, that enables police departments and security agencies to manage digital video evidence quickly and easily. EVO Web is capable of playing back, reviewing, downloading and archiving video, as well as unit configuration and management, running customizable reports and maintaining a chain of custody logs. AWS is the most secure cloud platform on the market with features that go beyond simply storing and reviewing video evidence. The AWS GovCloud platform is trusted by the Department of Justice, Defense Digital Services for the US Air Force, U.S. Department of Treasury, and U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Our products that are compatible with EVO Web include: FirstVu Pro, FirstVu II, FirstVu HD, QuickVu, EVO-HD, DVM-800 and DVM-800 Lite.
FleetVu Manager is a web-based software that provides commercial fleet managers with the tools to increase driver safety, track assets in real-time and minimize their companies’ liability risks. FleetVu Manager is able to generate driver reports, identify at risk behaviors before an incident takes place, and enable commercial fleet managers to manage the entire fleet through a single, easy to use platform. Our products compatible with FleetVu Manager include: EVO Fleet, DVM-250 Plus and FLT-250.
ShieldTM Heath Protection Products
The Company’s ShieldTM brand offers a variety of products to help keep you safe, including Shield Cleansers, ThermoVu, Shied Disinfectant, and a variety of personal protection equipment including masks, gloves and sanitizer wipes.
Shield Cleansers is a full line of safe and effective hypochlorous acid (HOCl) based products - and is free of toxic bleach, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, and alcohol ingredients. Shield Disinfectant is EPA approved and has shown effectiveness against SARS-COV-2, the virus that causes the novel COVID-19 disease. Other products in the Shield brand include animal wellness products, wound care, and household cleaning solutions.
ThermoVu is a non-contact temperature-screening instrument that measures temperature through the wrist and controls entry to facilities when temperature measurements exceed pre-determined parameters. ThermoVu has optional features such as facial recognition to improve facility security by restricting access based on temperature and/or facial recognition. ThermoVu provides an instant pass/fail audible tone with its temperature display and controls access to facilities based on such results.
The Company has been distributing other personal protective equipment and supplies, since the second quarter of 2021, such as masks and gloves to supplement its ShieldTM brand of products to health care workers as well as other consumers, consisting of vinyl and nitrile gloves, level 3 and N95 NIOSH certified face masks, and disposable wipes.
Our Revenue Cycle Management Operating Segment Products and Services
Through our revenue cycle management segment, we provide assistance in providing working capital and back-office services to healthcare organizations throughout the country. Our RCM operating segment services consist of insurance and benefit verification, medical treatment documentation and coding, and collections. Through our expertise and experience in this field, we maximize our customers’ service revenues collected, leading to substantial improvements in their operating margins and cash flows. We generally receive a service fee based on a percentage of the service revenues collected by our customers.
Our Entertainment Operating Segment Products and Services
Through our entertainment segment, we provide customers with access to the online live event ticketing marketplace through our online platform - TicketSmarter.com. Offering over 48 million tickets for sale for over 125,000 live events, TicketSmarter is a national ticket marketplace, offering tickets for live events featuring sports, concerts and theatre. TicketSmarter is the official ticket resale partner of more than 35 collegiate conferences, over 300 universities, and hundreds of events and venues.
Established in late 2022, Kustom 440 is another piece of the entertainment segment of the Company, whose mission it is to attract, manage and promote concerts, sports and private events. Kustom 440 offers the production and promotion of live music events in third-party venues throughout the country. These services begin with the logistical matters of events, including artist booking and research, ticketing, staging, on-site operations, vendor sourcing, and day of production. These events range in size from small corporate events to full stadium multi-day events.
Our entertainment operating segment primarily receives compensation for its services, generally determined as a percentage of the face-value of the tickets being purchased. Our entertainment operating segment also provides customers with access to tickets which it has purchased or received in return for sponsorship or partnership from the venue, event or owner.
Market and Industry Overview - Video Solutions Operating Segment
Our video solutions segment has historically had a primary market of domestic and international law enforcement agencies. We have since expanded our scope by pursuing the commercial fleet vehicle and mass transit markets. Additionally, we have expanded into event security services, where we provide the hardware and software to supplement private security for NASCAR races, football and other sporting events, concerts and other events where people gather. We continue to further expand our focus on private security, homeland security, mass transit, healthcare, general retail, education, general consumer and other commercial markets. In that regard, we have several installations involving private security on cruise ships and similar markets. We believe there are many potential private uses of our product offerings. We continue to have sales in the commercial fleet and ambulance service provider market, confirming that our EVO Fleet, DVM-250 Plus and FLT-250 products and FleetVu Manager can become significant revenue producers for us. Additionally, our body-worn cameras have applications in law enforcement, along with private and event security, as well as commercial segments. With the acquisitions we completed in 2021 and 2022, we hope to utilize the connections we now have to live events, stadiums, and arenas, as well as new medical connections.
Market and Industry Overview - Revenue Cycle Management Operating Segment
Our revenue cycle management segment consists of end-to-end revenue cycle management services that focus on claim reimbursement billing, verification, and providing related services to medical providers throughout the country. We offer agreements with customers in which we provide our services and bill the customers monthly for our services. The healthcare industry in the United States represents a strong portion of the United States’ economy, offering a robust market for these services. Our current market includes many diverse specialties, including radiology, oncology, orthopedics, pediatrics, internal medicine, and cardiology. We continue to investigate ways to expand our market reach, although can make no assurances in that regard.
Market and Industry Overview - Entertainment Operating Segment
Our entertainment segment refers to the sale of event tickets primarily through our online and mobile platforms. We buy inventory of event tickets to then sell through various platforms, including our own. Our resale services refer to the sale of tickets by a holder, who originally obtained the tickets directly from a venue or entity, through our platform, after which we collect services fees on the transaction. This is commonly referred to as secondary ticketing. We work directly with consumers looking to buy or sell event tickets for particular shows, concerts, games, and other events, allowing a simple and effective platform to move tickets. We also offer production and promotion of live music events in third-party venues throughout the country. These services begin with the logistical matters of an event, including artist booking and research, ticketing, staging, on-site operations, vendor sourcing, and day of production.
Competition - Video Solutions Operating Segment
Our video solutions segment, consisting of law enforcement and security surveillance markets, is extremely competitive. Competitive factors in these industries include ease of use, quality, portability, versatility, reliability, accuracy and cost. There are direct competitors with technology and products in the law enforcement and surveillance markets for all of our products, including those that are in development. Many of these competitors have significant advantages over us, including greater financial, technical, marketing and manufacturing resources, more extensive distribution channels, larger customer bases and faster response times to adapt to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. Our primary competitors in the in-car video systems market include L-3 Mobile-Vision, Inc., Coban Technologies, Inc., Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video (“WatchGuard”), Kustom Signals, Panasonic System Communications Company, International Police Technologies, Inc. and a number of other competitors who sell, or may in the future sell, in-car video systems to law enforcement agencies. Our primary competitors in the body-worn camera market include Axon Enterprises, Inc. (“Axon”), Reveal Media, WatchGuard, and VieVU, Inc., which was acquired by Axon in 2018. We face similar and intense competitive factors for our event recorders in the commercial fleet and private security markets as we do in the law enforcement and security surveillance markets. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in these markets. Further, there can be no assurance that new and existing companies will not enter the law enforcement and security surveillance markets in the future. The commercial fleet security and surveillance markets are also very competitive. There are direct competitors for our FLT-250 and DVM-250 Plus “event recorders,” which may have greater financial, technical, marketing, and manufacturing resources than we do. Our primary competitors in the commercial fleet sector include Lytx, Inc. (previously DriveCam, Inc.), Samsara and SmartDrive Systems, among others.
Competition - Revenue Cycle Management Operating Segment
Our revenue cycle management segment is a highly competitive market that is only intensifying as the market continues to grow. We face competition from a variety of sources, including internal revenue cycle management departments within healthcare organizations, as these organizations are beginning to make internal investments in these departments to keep these services in-house. Additionally, other revenue cycle management providers exist and offer similar services through software vendors, traditional consultants, and information technology sources.
Competition - Entertainment Operating Segment
Our entertainment segment faces robust competition from several sources throughout the industry. As the online and mobile ticketing market continues to increase, it has allowed for more technology-based companies to offer ticketing services and systems. The online environment consists of numerous other websites and platforms for all markets. With the market continuing to grow, resale marketplaces and websites can reach a vastly larger audience with more convenient access to tickets for a wide variety of events. We continue to build our brand and recognition, through numerous partnerships and sponsorships throughout the country, in an attempt to become a preferred platform for consumers. The event production portion of this segment faces strong competition ranging from small festival production companies to large concert production companies and venues.
Worldwide Reinsurance Ltd.
In December 2021, the Company formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Worldwide Reinsurance Ltd. (“Worldwide Re”), a Bermuda incorporated captive insurance company that was created primarily to provide liability insurance coverage to the Company for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today’s insurance marketplace.
Worldwide Re is subject to capital and other regulatory requirements imposed by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”). Although these capital requirements are generally less constraining than U.S. capital requirements, failure to satisfy these requirements could result in regulatory actions from the BMA or loss of or modification of Worldwide Re’s Class 1 insurer license, which could adversely impact our ability to support our insurance needs and to grow this business into another line of business for our holding company. To date, our captive’s relatively immature claims history limits the predictive value of estimating the costs of incurred and future claims. Accordingly, the captive could continue to incur significant fluctuations in financial results as the captive provides insurance coverage to Digital Ally and its affiliated businesses and seeks to expand beyond our affiliated companies to offer coverage for third parties.
As of December 31, 2024, Worldwide Re has not begun its planned operations. The Company has begun the termination of Worldwide Re and it is not likely that it will ever launch the operations of Worldwide Re.
Intellectual Property - Video Solutions Operating Segment
Our video solutions operating segment’s ability to compete effectively will depend on our success in protecting our proprietary technology, both in the United States and abroad. We have filed for patent protection in the United States and certain other countries to cover certain design aspects of our products.
Some of our patent applications are still under review by the USPTO and, therefore, we have not yet been issued all the patents that we applied for in the United States. We were issued several patents in recent years, including a patent on our VuLink product that provides automatic triggering of our body-worn camera and our in-car video systems. No assurance can be given which, or any, of the patents relating to our existing technology will be issued from the United States or any foreign patent offices. Additionally, no assurance can be given that we will receive any patents in the future based on our continued development of our technology, or that our patent protection within and/or outside of the United States will be sufficient to deter others, legally or otherwise, from developing or marketing competitive products utilizing our technologies.
We have entered into supply and distribution agreements with several companies that produce certain of our products, including our FirstVu Pro & FirstVu II body cameras, QuickVu docking stations, EVO Fleet, DVM-250 and DVM-800 products. These supply and distribution agreements contain certain confidentiality provisions that protect our proprietary technology, as well as that of the third-party manufacturers.
In addition to seeking patent protection, we rely on trade secrets, know-how and continuing technological advancement to seek to achieve and thereafter maintain a competitive advantage. Although we have entered into or intend to enter into confidentiality and invention agreements with our employees, consultants and advisors, no assurance can be given that such agreements will be honored or that we will be able to effectively protect our rights to our unpatented trade secrets and know-how. Moreover, no assurance can be given that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets and know-how.
Intellectual Property - Revenue Cycle Management Operating Segment
Our revenue cycle management’s operating segment’s ability to compete effectively primarily depends on our trade secrets and know-how and does not depend heavily on any proprietary technology or patents.
Intellectual Property - Entertainment Operating Segment
Our entertainment operating segment’s ability to compete effectively primarily depends on our trade secrets and know-how and does not depend heavily on any proprietary technology or patents.
Government Approval
Government approval is not required for us to license our video solutions technology or sell such devices or products. However, government support for semiconductors and certain of our target markets including law enforcement and commercial vehicles, taxi-cab and private security operations may impact the size and growth rate of video solutions devices and these potential target markets. In recent years, there has been a trend in both the United States and abroad to support the adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy due to increased concern regarding the effects of climate change. Under the Trump administration, government support for law enforcement and certain of our potential target markets may or may not continue or may continue at lower levels than seen with the prior administration. Government support for video solutions devices especially the application of artificial intelligence within those video products and our potential target markets could have a material and positive impact on our business. A lack of government support, on the other hand, may have a material and negative impact on our business if this lack of support results in slower adoption of products in our target markets, until such time that the cost and performance improve for these products enough that government support is unnecessary for mass adoption. Regardless of the administration in the U.S., the market for video solutions and our target markets is global and we believe there continues to be strong macro-trends regarding the adoption of video solutions and associated products.
Environmental Regulation
While the Company believes that it has the environmental permits necessary to conduct its business and that its operations conform to current environmental regulations, increased public attention has been focused on the environmental impact of video manufacturing operations. The Company, in the conduct of its manufacturing operations, has handled and does handle materials that are considered hazardous, toxic or volatile under federal, state and local laws and, therefore, is subject to regulations related to their use, storage, discharge and disposal. No assurance can be made that the risk of accidental release of such materials can be completely eliminated. In the event of a violation of environmental laws, the Company could be held liable for damages and the costs of remediation. In addition, the Company, along with the rest of the video solutions industry, is subject to variable interpretations and governmental priorities concerning environmental laws and regulations. The annual cost of complying with the regulations is minimal.
Environmental statutes have been interpreted to provide for joint and several liability and strict liability regardless of actual fault. There can be no assurance that the Company and its subsidiaries will not be required to incur costs to comply with, or that the operations, business or financial condition of the Company will not be materially adversely affected by current or future environmental laws or regulations.
Human Capital
As of December 31, 2024, Digital Ally, and its subsidiaries, had approximately 31 full-time employees spread throughout the country, representing the core values and objectives of the Company. These employees are spread amongst our operating segments as follows:
As of
December 31, 2024
Employee headcount:
Video Solutions
Revenue Cycle Management [1]
Entertainment
Total Employee Headcount
[1] Our revenue cycle management operating segment has no direct employees. Nobility Healthcare, our minority interest partner, provides all human capital resources to manage and operate the Company’s revenue cycle management operating segment.
Our employees are our most important assets and they set the foundation for our ability to achieve our strategic objectives. All of our employees contribute to Digital Ally’s success and, in particular, the employees in our manufacturing, sales, research and development, and quality assurance departments are instrumental in driving operational execution and strong financial performance, advancing innovation and maintaining a strong quality and compliance program.
Our employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We strive to create a culture and work environment that enables us to attract, train, promote, and retain a diverse group of talented employees who together can help us gain a competitive advantage. Our key programs and initiatives that are focused to attract, develop and retain our diverse workforce include:
● Compensation Programs and Employee Benefits: the main objective of Digital Ally’s compensation program is to provide a compensation package that will attract, retain, motivate and reward superior employees who must operate in a highly competitive and technologically challenging environment. We seek to do this by linking annual changes in compensation to overall Company performance, as well as each individual’s contribution to the results achieved. The emphasis on overall Company performance is intended to align the employee’s financial interests with the interests of shareholders. Digital Ally also seeks fairness in total compensation, with reference to external comparisons, internal comparisons and the relationship between management and non-management remuneration. The structure of our compensation programs balances incentive earnings for both short-term and long-term performance. Specifically:
● We provide employee wages that are competitive and consistent with employee positions, skill levels, experience, knowledge and geographic location.
● We align our executives’ long-term equity compensation with our shareholders’ interests by linking realizable pay with stock performance.
● Annual increases and incentive compensation are based on merit, which is communicated to employees at the time of hiring and documented through our talent management process as part of our annual review procedures and upon internal transfer and/or promotion.
● All employees are eligible for health insurance, paid and unpaid leaves, short-term disability, worker’s compensation, long-term disability, a retirement plan and life and disability/accident coverage. We also offer a variety of voluntary benefits that allow employees to select the options that meet their needs.
SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL
The Company purchases its raw materials from multiple suppliers and has a minimum of two suppliers for most of its material requirements. The largest supplier in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 represented less than 5% of total purchases. Because of a diminishing number of sources for components and packages in particular, and the increase in the prices of semiconductor and other components, the Company has been obliged to pay higher prices, which results in higher costs of goods sold.
Recent Developments
Potential Business Combination - In June 2023, the Company, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Proposed Merger Agreement”) with Clover Leaf Capital Corp., a Delaware corporation (Nasdaq: CLOE) (“Clover Leaf”), CL Merger Sub, Inc., a Nevada corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Clover Leaf (“Merger Sub”), Yntegra Capital Investments LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, in the capacity as the representative from and after the Effective Time (as defined in the Proposed Merger Agreement) for the stockholders of Clover Leaf in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, and Kustom. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein upon the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Proposed Merger Agreement (the “Closing”), Merger Sub would merge with and into Kustom, with Kustom continuing as the surviving corporation in the Merger and a wholly owned subsidiary of Clover Leaf. Upon the Closing which was subject to the approval of Clover Leaf’s shareholders and the satisfaction or waiver of certain other customary closing conditions, the common stock of the combined company is expected to be listed on the Nasdaq under a mutually agreed new ticker symbol that reflects the name “Kustom Entertainment”.
On November 8, 2024, Clover Leaf and Kustom mutually agreed to terminate their previously announced Proposed Merger Agreement and Plan of Merger effective as of November 7, 2024 by entering into a mutual termination and release agreement among the parties. The parties released each other of all obligations related to the Proposed Merger Agreement.
Public Offering of Securities -On February 13, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Aegis Capital Corp. for the sale and issuance of (i) 7,850,000 units (the “Units”) at a public offering price per Unit of $0.15 with each Unit consisting of one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, one Series A warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.1875 per share and one Series B warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.30 and (ii) 92,150,000 pre-funded units at a public offering price of $0.149 per pre-funded unit, with each pre-funded unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, one Series A Warrant and one Series B Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full.
The Series A and Series B warrants will be exercisable only upon receipt of stockholder approval of (i) certain terms in the Series A and B warrants and the issuance of the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such Series A and Series B warrants, as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and (ii) if necessary, a proposal to amend the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, to increase the authorized share capital of the Company to an amount sufficient to cover the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Series A and Series B warrants. The Series A warrants will be exercisable commencing upon the date of Stockholder Approval until five years after such approval date, and the Series B Warrants will be exercisable commencing upon the date of Stockholder Approval until two and one-half years after such date.
The offering closed on February 14, 2025. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $13.48 million, after deducting underwriter’s fees and the payment of other offering expenses associated with the offering payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, to pay amounts owed under a short-term merchant advance and to pay in full the aggregate face value of senior secured promissory notes that were previously issued as part of a private placement that the Company entered into with certain institutional investors on November 6, 2024.
The Company granted the underwriter an option to purchase additional shares of common stock and/or Series A and Series B warrants of (i) up to 15.0% of the number of shares of Common Stock sold in the offering, (ii) up to 15.0% of the number of Series A warrants sold in the offering and (iii) up to 15.0% of the number of Series B warrants sold in the offering. The Underwriter may exercise this option in whole or in part at any time within forty-five calendar days after the date of the final prospectus relating to the offering. The Underwriter may exercise the over-allotment option with respect to shares of common stock only, Series A and Series B warrants only, or any combination thereof. The purchase price to be paid per additional share of Common Stock will be equal to the public offering price of one Unit (less $0.00001 allocated to each Series A and Series B warrant), as applicable, less the underwriting discount, and the purchase price to be paid per over-allotment Series A and Series B warrant will be $0.00001. On February 14, 2025, the Underwriter exercised its over-allotment option with respect to 15,000,000 Series A warrants and 15,000,000 Series B warrants.
Aegis Capital Corp. served as the sole book-running manager in the offering, pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, and received seven percent (7%) of the aggregate purchase price paid by investors in the offering, a one percent (1%) non-accountable expense and reimbursement of the legal fees of its counsel.
The units and pre-funded units were offered by the Company pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-1, as amended, which was declared effective by the SEC on February 12, 2025. The final prospectus relating to the offering was filed with the SEC on February 13, 2025.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
On April 30, 2021, the Company closed on a purchase and sale agreement to acquire a 71,361 square feet commercial office building located in Lenexa, Kansas which was intended to serve as the Company’s future office and warehouse needs for executive offices and for management and warehouse operations for the video solutions operating segment. The building contains approximately 30,000 square feet of office space and the remainder warehouse space. The total purchase price was approximately $5.3 million. The Company funded the purchase price with cash on hand, without the addition of external debt or other financing.
On October 26, 2023, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Kompass Loan Agreement”) by and between the Company, Digital Ally Healthcare, and Kompass Kapital Funding, LLC, a Kansas limited liability company (“Kompass”). In connection with the Kompass Loan Agreement, on October 26, 2023, the Company entered into a Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between the Company, as grantor, and Kompass, as grantee, and mortgaged its real property having an address of 14001 Marshall Drive, Lenexa, KS 66215.
During the year ended December 31, 2024 the Company sold its building for $5,900,000 less closing costs of $36,634. The carrying amount of the building on the date of sale was $5,461,623. As a result of the sale the Company recorded a gain of $401,743 in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. As part of the sale agreement the Company leased the space back for a period of 6 months, ending February 12, 2025. The Company is searching for suitable facilities for its long-term needs.
The Company entered into an operating lease with a third party on October 16, 2024, for office space used by the entertainment segment and temporarily by the video solutions segment. The terms of the lease include 36 monthly payments of $7,251.92 with a maturity date of October 31, 2027. The remaining lease term for the Company’s office space lease as of December 31, 2024 was thirty-four months.
On June 30, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of a private medical billing company, through Nobility Healthcare, a majority owned subsidiary. Upon completion of this acquisition, Nobility Healthcare became responsible for the operating lease for the seller’s office space. The lease terms include monthly payments ranging from $2,648 to $2,774 and terminate in July 2024. The Company was responsible for property taxes, utilities, insurance and its proportionate share of common area costs related to this location. The lease term expired in July 2024 and was not renewed by the Company.
On August 31, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of another private medical billing company, through Nobility Healthcare. Upon completion of this acquisition, Nobility Healthcare became responsible for the operating lease for the seller’s office space. The lease was renewed in April 2023 with favorable terms and payments ranging from 7,436 to 8,877 thereafter, and with a termination date in March 2030.
On September 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Goody Tickets, LLC and TicketSmarter, LLC, through TicketSmarter. Upon completion of this acquisition, the Company became responsible for the operating lease for the TicketSmarter office space. The lease terms included monthly payments ranging from $7,211 to $7,364 and the lease was originally going to expire in December 2022. The Company signed a six-month extension through June 2023 and is currently on a month-to-month lease with plans to relocate the entertainment operating segment.
On January 1, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of another private medical billing company, through Nobility Healthcare. Upon completion of this acquisition, Nobility Healthcare became responsible for the operating lease for the seller’s office space. The lease terms include monthly payments ranging from $4,233 to $4,626 and terminate in June 2025. The Company plans to relocate the revenue cycle management operating segment acquired operations to existing owned or leased facilities upon termination of this operating lease.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we are notified that we may be a party to a lawsuit or that a claim is being made against us. It is our policy to not disclose the specifics of any claim or threatened lawsuit until the summons and complaint are actually served on us. After carefully assessing the claim, and assuming we determine that we are not at fault or we disagree with the damages or relief demanded, we vigorously defend any lawsuit filed against us. We record a liability when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. When losses are deemed reasonably possible but not probable, we determine whether it is possible to provide an estimate of the amount of the loss or range of possible losses for the claim, if material for disclosure. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood of our prevailing, the availability of insurance, and the severity of any potential loss. We reevaluate and update accruals as matters progress over time.
On May 31, 2022, the Company filed a lawsuit against Culp McAuley, Inc. (“Culp McAuley”) and four individuals (Brandon Culp, Campbell McAuley, Mark Depew and Larry Roberts, collectively the “defendants”) in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas, seeking monetary damages and injunctive relief based on certain conduct by the defendants. On July 18, 2022, Culp McAuley filed its Answer to the Company’s Verified Complaint and included Counterclaims alleging breach of contract and seeking monetary damages. On August 8, 2022, the Company filed its Reply and Affirmative Defenses to the Counterclaims by, among other things, denying the allegations and any and all liability.
On December 20, 2022, the Company filed a motion for leave to file a second amended complaint to add additional claims against the defendants to avoid fraudulent transfers, to pierce the corporate veil of Culp McAuley, and for remedies related to the claims for fraudulent transfers and piercing the corporate veil. On December 22, 2022, the Court issued an Order granting the Company’s motion for leave to file a second amended complaint, which was filed with the Court on December 27, 2022. Because Culp McAuley’s original counsel withdrew, Culp McAuley was ordered to obtain new counsel on or before December 2, 2022. On December 5, 2022, the Court ordered that Culp McAuley show cause in writing by December 21, 2022, why the Court should not direct the Clerk to enter default against it. On December 22, 2022, the Court directed the Clerk to enter default against Culp McAuley. On February 21, 2023, the Clerk entered default against Culp McAuley.
In February and March, 2023, defendants Larry Roberts and Mark Depew filed separate motions to dismiss, respectively. The Company opposed both motions. On July 7, 2023, the Court issued an Order granting Roberts’ motion to dismiss and denying Depew’s motion to dismiss. On December 7, 2023, the Company filed an application for the Clerk’s entry of default against defendant Brandon Culp. On December 13, 2023, the Clerk entered default against Brandon Culp.
On January 5, 2024, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment against defendants Campbell McAuley and Mark Depew. On the same date, the Company also filed separate motions for default judgment against Culp McAuley and Brandon Culp, respectively. On January 5, 2024, defendant Mark Depew filed a motion for summary judgment against the Company. On May 17, 2024, the Court issued Orders which, respectively, (i) granted defendant Mark Depew’s motion for summary judgment against the Company; (ii) denied the Company’s motion for summary judgment against Depew; (iii) granted the Company’s motion for summary judgment against defendant Campbell McAuley; and (iv) granted the Company’s motions for default judgment against defendants Culp McAuley and Brandon Culp. Finding that defendants Brandon Culp and Campbell McAuley were each the alter ego of Culp McAuley, on June 4, 2024, the Court entered judgment in favor of the Company in the amount of $3,999,984 against Culp McAuley, Brandon Culp, and Campbell McAuley, jointly and severally (the “judgment”). The Company is currently uncertain as to what amount, if any, of the judgment amount it will ultimately be able to recover.
On June 14, 2024, the Company filed a Notice of Appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit from the Court’s May 17, 2024 Order that granted summary judgment in favor of Mark Depew. On December 10, 2024, the Company and Depew filed a Stipulation of Dismissal in the Tenth Circuit that ended the appeal after the Company and Depew reached a settlement.
In March 2024, the Company filed a complaint against Larry Roberts (“defendant”) in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Orange. The lawsuit arises from the defendant’s multiple breaches of his obligations to the Company. The Company seeks monetary damages based on certain conduct by the defendant. On May 28, 2024, the defendant filed a motion to strike portions of the complaint and a motion for demurrer. On October 4, 2024, the Court sustained in part and overruled in part defendant’s motion for demurrer. The Court further denied the defendant’s motion to strike in its entirety. A jury trial has been scheduled for October 19, 2026.
As of December 31, 2024, while we are able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss related to the Culp McCauley case (when taking into account, among other things, the uncertainty of recovering the judgment amount owed to the Company by Culp McAuley, Brandon Culp and Campbell McAuley, jointly and severally), our estimate of the aggregate reasonably possible could be the entire balance of the judgment. The Company has recorded an additional loss of $1,959,396 on this matter as of December 31, 2024 which together with the previously recorded losses in prior years, reduces the Company’s net exposure to zero at December 31, 2024. Our estimate with respect to the aggregate reasonably possible loss is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties, which may change quickly and significantly from time to time, particularly if and as we engage with applicable governmental agencies or plaintiffs in connection with a proceeding. Also, the matters underlying the reasonably possible loss will change from time to time. As a result, actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate.
While the ultimate resolution is unknown, based on the information currently available, we do not expect that the pending lawsuit or the enforcement of the judgment will have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that any expense, liability or damages that may ultimately result from the resolution of the pending lawsuit or enforcement of the judgment will be covered by our insurance or will not be in excess of amounts recognized or provided by insurance coverage and will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
Our Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “DGLY”.
Holders of Common Stock
As of May 2, 2025, we had approximately 157 shareholders of record for our Common Stock.
Dividend Policy
To date, we have not declared or paid cash dividends on our shares of Common Stock. The holders of our Common Stock will be entitled to non-cumulative dividends on the shares of Common Stock, when and as declared by the Board in its discretion. We intend to retain all future earnings, if any, for our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Reference is made to “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters-Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans” for the information required by this item.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Except as previously reported by the Company on its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or its Current Reports on Form 8-K, as applicable, we did not sell any securities during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that were not registered under the Securities Act.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved].

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.
This discussion contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “will,” “plan,” “future,” “continue,” and other expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and that do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations or forecasts of future events, can be affected by inaccurate assumptions, and are subject to various business risks and known and unknown uncertainties, a number of which are beyond our control. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this document, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. A wide variety of factors could cause or contribute to such differences and could adversely impact revenues, profitability, cash flows and capital needs. There can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this document will, in fact, transpire or prove to be accurate.
You should read the following discussion together with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and operations
Current Trends and Recent Developments for the Company
Segment Overview
Video Solutions Operating Segment - Within our video solutions operating segment we supply technology-based products utilizing our portable digital video and audio recording capabilities for the law enforcement and security industries and for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets. We have the ability to integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create positive solutions to our customers’ requests. Our products include: the EVO-HD, DVM-800 and DVM-800 Lite, which are in-car digital video systems for law enforcement and commercial markets; the FirstVU body-worn camera line, consisting of the FirstVu Pro, FirstVu, and the FirstVU HD; our patented and revolutionary VuLink product integrates our body-worn cameras with our in-car systems by providing hands-free automatic activation for both law enforcement and commercial markets; EVO Web Portal, which is our cloud-based evidence management system for Law enforcement and commercial market; the EVO Fleet, FLT-250, DVM-250, and DVM-250 Plus, which are our commercial line of digital video products that serve as “event recorders” for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets; and FleetVu and VuLink, which are our cloud-based evidence management systems. We further diversified and broadened our product offerings in 2020, by introducing two new lines of branded products: (1) the ThermoVu™ which is a line of self-contained temperature monitoring stations that provides alerts and controls facility access when an individual’s temperature exceeds a pre-set threshold and (2) our Shield™ disinfectants and cleansers which are for use against viruses and bacteria.
Our video solutions segment revenue encompasses video recording products and services for our law enforcement and commercial customers and the sale of Shield disinfectant and personal protective products. This segment generates revenues through our subscription models offering cloud and warranty solutions, and hardware sales for video and personal protective safety products and solutions. Revenues for product sales are recognized upon delivery of the product, and revenues from our cloud and warranty subscription plans are deferred over the term of the subscription, typically 3 or 5 years.
Revenue Cycle Management Operating Segment - We entered the revenue cycle management business late in the second quarter of 2021 with the formation of our wholly owned subsidiary, Digital Ally Healthcare, Inc., and its majority-owned subsidiary Nobility Healthcare. Nobility Healthcare completed its first acquisition in June 2021, when it acquired a private medical billing company, and has since completed three additional acquisitions of private medical billing companies, in which we will assist in providing working capital and back-office services to healthcare organizations throughout the country. Our assistance consists of insurance and benefit verification, medical treatment documentation and coding, and collections. Through our expertise and experience in this field, we maximize our customers’ service revenues collected, leading to substantial improvements in their operating margins and cash flows.
Our revenue cycle management segment consists of our medical billing subsidiaries. Revenues of this segment are recognized after we perform the obligations of our revenue cycle management services. Our revenue cycle management services are services, performed and charged monthly, generally based on a contractual percentage of total customer collections, for which we recognize our net service fees.
Entertainment Operating Segment - We also entered into live entertainment and events ticketing services through the formation of our wholly owned subsidiary, TicketSmarter and its completed acquisitions of Goody Tickets, LLC and TicketSmarter, LLC, on September 1, 2021. TicketSmarter provides ticket sales, partnerships, and mainly, ticket resale services through its online ticketing marketplace for live events, TicketSmarter.com. TicketSmarter offers tickets for over 125,000 live events throughout the country through its platform, including concerts, sporting events, theatres, and performing arts. We also offer production and promotion of live music events in third-party venues throughout the country. These services begin with the logistical matters of an event, including artist booking and research, ticketing, staging, on-site operations, vendor sourcing, and day of production.
Our entertainment operating segment consists of entertainment services provided through TicketSmarter and its online platform, TicketSmarter.com. Revenues of this segment include ticketing service charges generally determined as a percentage of the face value of the underlying ticket and ticket sales from our ticket inventory which are recognized when the underlying tickets are sold. Entertainment direct expenses include the cost of tickets purchased for resale by the Company and held as inventory, credit card fees, ticketing platform expenses, website maintenance fees, as well as other administrative costs.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Summary Financial Data
Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable business segments is provided for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023:
Years Ended December 31,
Net Revenues:
Video Solutions
$ 5,755,391
$ 7,471,285
Revenue Cycle Management
6,131,650
6,713,678
Entertainment
7,763,761
14,063,381
Total Net Revenues
$ 19,650,802
$ 28,248,344
Gross Profit (loss):
Video Solutions
$ 2,722,894
$ 1,290,509
Revenue Cycle Management
2,365,314
2,772,271
Entertainment
401,124
1,699,704
Total Gross Profit
$ 5,489,332
$ 5,762,484
Operating Income (loss):
Video Solutions
$ (1,199,855 )
$ (7,135,584 )
Revenue Cycle Management
(3,818,614 )
292,543
Entertainment
(4,804,853 )
(3,646,770 )
Corporate
(5,378,218 )
(11,750,742 )
Total Operating Income (Loss)
$ (15,201,540 )
$ (22,240,553 )
Depreciation and Amortization:
Video Solutions
$ 598,895
$ 836,699
Revenue Cycle Management
106,878
104,352
Entertainment
1,316,541
1,277,186
Total Depreciation and Amortization
$ 2,022,314
$ 2,218,237
Assets (net of eliminations):
Video Solutions
$ 12,804,820
$ 26,396,559
Revenue Cycle Management
1,771,850
2,260,376
Entertainment
5,741,116
6,324,211
Corporate
7,418,787
12,047,663
Total Identifiable Assets
$ 27,736,573
$ 47,028,809
The segments recorded noncash items affecting the gross profit and operating income (loss) through the established inventory reserves based on estimates of excess and/or obsolete current and non-current inventory. The Company recorded a reserve for excess and obsolete inventory in the video solutions segment of $2,037,252 and $4,355,666 and a reserve for the entertainment segment of $132,403 and $186,795 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The segment net revenues reported above represent sales to external customers. Segment gross profit represents net revenues less cost of revenues. Segment operating income, which is used in management’s evaluation of segment performance, represents net revenues, less cost of revenues, less all operating expenses. Identifiable assets are those assets used by each segment in its operations. Corporate assets primarily consist of cash, property, plant and equipment, accounts receivable, inventories, and other assets.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet debt, nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons that may have a material current or future effect on financial conditions, changes in the financial conditions, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses.
We are a party to operating leases and license agreements that represent commitments for future payments (described in Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our consolidated financial statements) and we have issued purchase orders in the ordinary course of business that represent commitments to future payments for goods and services.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Results of Operations
Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent sub-sections is an analysis of our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, represented as a percentage of total revenues for each respective year:
Years Ended December 31,
Revenue
%
%
Cost of revenue
%
%
Gross profit
%
%
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense
%
%
Selling, advertising and promotional expense
%
%
General and administrative expense
%
%
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge
%
- %
Total selling, general and administrative expenses
%
%
Operating loss
(77 )%
(79 )%
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities
(6 )%
%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration promissory notes and earn-out agreements
- %
%
Loss on disposal of intangible assets
(1 )%
- %
Loss on litigation
(10 )%
(6 )%
Loss on extinguishment of debt
(4 )%
(4 )%
Gain on extinguishment of liabilities
%
%
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
%
- %
Interest expense
(19 )%
(11 )%
Interest income and other income, net
- %
%
Loss before income tax benefit
(110 )%
(89 )%
Income tax expense (benefit)
- %
- %
Net loss
(110 )%
(89 )%
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests of consolidated subsidiary
%
(1 )%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
(100 )%
(90 )%
Net loss per share information:
Basic
$ (5.58 )
$ (9.22 )
Diluted
$ (5.58 )
$ (9.22 )
Revenues
Revenues by Type and by Operating Segment
Our operating segments generate two types of revenues:
Product revenues primarily includes video solutions operating segment hardware sales of in-car and body-worn cameras, along with sales of our ThermoVuTM units, disinfectants, and personal protective equipment. Additionally, product revenues also include the sale of tickets by our entertainment operating segment that have been purchased or received through our sponsorships and partnerships and held in inventory by our entertainment segment until their sale.
Service and other revenues consist of cloud and warranty services revenues from our subscription plan and storage offerings of our video solutions segment. Our entertainment operating segment’s secondary ticketing marketplace revenues are included in service revenue. We recognize service revenue from sales generated through its secondary ticketing marketplace as we collect net services fees on secondary ticketing marketplace transactions. Lastly, our revenue cycle management segment revenues are included in the service revenues for services provided to medical providers throughout the country.
The following table presents revenues by type and segment:
Year Ended December 31,
% Change
Product revenues:
Video solutions
$ 1,997,389
(53.6 )%
$ 4,303,369
Entertainment
3,406,928
(32.5 )%
5,044,576
Total product revenues
5,404,317
(42.2 )%
9,347,945
Service and other revenues:
Video solutions
3,758,002
18.6 %
3,167,916
Entertainment
4,356,833
(51.7 )%
9,018,805
Revenue cycle management
6,131,650
(8.7 )%
6,713,678
Total service and other revenues
14,246,485
(24.6 )%
18,900,399
Total revenues
$ 19,650,802
(30.4 )%
$ 28,248,344
Our video solutions operating segment sells our products and services to customers in the following manner:
● Sales to domestic customers are made directly to the end customer (typically a law enforcement agency or a commercial customer) through our sales force, comprised of our employees. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the end customer.
● Sales to international customers are made through independent distributors who purchase products from us at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically law enforcement agencies or a commercial customer) at a retail price. The distributor retains the margin as compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor generally maintains product inventory, customer receivables and all related risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.
● Repair parts and services for domestic and international customers are generally handled by our inside customer service employees. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the repair parts and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer.
Our revenue cycle management operating segment sells its services to customers in the following manner:
● Our revenue cycle management operating segment generates service revenues through relationships with medium to large healthcare organizations, in which the underlying service revenue is recognized upon execution of services. Service revenues are generally determined as a percentage of the dollar amount of medical billings collected by the customer.
Our entertainment operating segment sells our products and services to customers in the following manner:
● Our entertainment operating segment generates product revenues from the sale of tickets directly to consumers for a particular event that the entertainment operating segment has previously purchased and held in inventory for ultimate resale to the end consumer. Service sales through TicketSmarter are driven largely in part to the usage of the TicketSmarter.com marketplace by buyers and sellers, in which the Company collects service fees for each transaction completed through this platform.
We may discount our prices on specific orders based upon the size of the order, the specific customer and the competitive landscape.
Product revenues by operating segment is as follows:
Years ended December 31,
Product Revenues:
Video Solutions
$ 1,997,389
$ 4,303,369
Revenue Cycle Management
-
-
Entertainment
3,406,928
5,044,576
Total Product Revenues
$ 5,404,317
$ 9,347,945
Product revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $5,404,317 and $9,347,945, respectively, a decrease of $3,943,628 (42.2%), due to the following factors:
● Revenues generated by the entertainment operating segment began with the Company’s September 2021 acquisition of TicketSmarter. The new entertainment operating segment generated $3,406,928 in product revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $5,044,576 for the year ended December 31, 2023. This product revenue relates to the first Country Stampede music festival held by Kustom during 2024, as well as the resale of tickets purchased for live events, sporting events, concerts, and theatre, then sold through various platforms to customers. The decrease in revenues is attributable to a reduction in scope of primary ticket sales by Ticketsmarter as it focuses on higher margin events to improve its gross margins.
● The Company’s video segment operating segment generated revenues totaling $1,997,389 during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $4,303,369 for the year ended December 31, 2023. In general, our video solutions operating segment has experienced pressure on its product revenues as our in-car and body-worn systems are facing increased competition because our competitors have released new products with advanced features. Additionally, our law enforcement revenues declined compared to the same period in 2023 due to the Company not having inventory in-stock to fulfill existing backlog orders, price-cutting and competitive actions by our competitors and adverse marketplace effects related to our recent financial condition.
● Our video solutions operating segment management has continued to focus on migrating commercial customers, from a hardware sale to a service fee model. Therefore, we expect a reduction in commercial hardware sales (principally DVM-250’s, FLT-250’s, and a portion of our body-worn camera line) as we convert these customers to a service model under which we provide the hardware as part of a recurring monthly service fee. In that respect, we introduced a monthly subscription agreement plan for our body worn cameras and related equipment during the second quarter of 2020 that allowed law enforcement agencies to pay a monthly service fee to obtain body worn cameras without incurring a significant upfront capital outlay. This program has gained some traction, resulting in decreased product revenues and increasing our service revenues. We expect this program to continue to hold traction, resulting in recurring revenues over a span of three to five years.
Service and other revenues by operating segment is as follows:
Years ended December 31,
Service and Other Revenues:
Video Solutions $ 3,758,002 $ 3,167,916
Revenue Cycle Management 6,131,650 6,713,678
Entertainment 4,356,833 9,018,805
Total Service and Other Revenues $ 14,246,485 $ 18,900,399
Service and other revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $14,246,485 and $18,900,399, respectively, a decrease of $4,653,914 (25%), due to the following factors:
● Cloud revenues generated by the video solutions operating segment were $2,557,400 and $1,994,066 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an increase of $563,334 (28%). We continue to experience increased interest in our cloud solutions for law enforcement primarily due to the deployment of our cloud-based EVO-HD in-car system and our next generation body-worn camera products, which contributed to our increased cloud revenues in the year ended December 31, 2024. We expect this trend to continue for 2025 as the migration from local storage to cloud storage continues in our customer base.
● Video solutions operating segment revenues from extended warranty services were $822,839 and $860,337 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $37,498 (4%). This correlates with consistent sales of hardware and additional extended warranties sold during the year.
● Our entertainment operating segment generated service revenues totaling $4,356,833 and $9,018,805 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $4,661,972 (52%). TicketSmarter collects fees on transactions administered through the TicketSmarter.com platform for the buying and selling of tickets for live events throughout the country. We expect our entertainment operating segment to continue to fluctuate as we look to right-size this segment and work towards profitability. Our entertainment segment has focused on cost cutting and overall improvements in gross margin rather than top line revenues which has resulted in a reduction in revenues for ticketing events that did not meet its gross margin goals.
● Our revenue cycle management operating segment generated service revenues totaling $6,131,650 and $6,713,678 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $582,028 (9%). Our revenue cycle management operating segment provides revenue cycle management solutions and back-office services to healthcare organizations throughout the country. The decrease in revenue is due to refinement within one of the recent acquisitions, as they strive to maximize profitability rather than focus on top line revenue.
Total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 were $19,650,802 and $28,248,344, respectively, a decrease of $8,597,542 (30%), due to the reasons noted above.
Cost of Product Revenue
Overall cost of product revenue sold for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 was $5,899,130 and $9,974,890, respectively, a decrease of $4,075,760 (41%). Overall cost of goods sold for products as a percentage of product revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 were 109% and 107%, respectively. Cost of products sold by operating segment is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Cost of Product Revenues:
Video Solutions $ 1,780,284 $ 4,824,967
Revenue Cycle Management - -
Entertainment 4,118,846 5,149,923
Total Cost of Product Revenues $ 5,899,130 $ 9,974,890
The decrease in cost of goods sold for our video solutions segment products is due to numerous factors including a sizeable decrease in the allowance for excess and obsolete inventory in 2024, mostly surrounding the personal protective equipment product line. Cost of product sold as a percentage of product revenues for the video solutions segment decreased to 89% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 112% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The decrease in entertainment operating segment cost of product sold directly correlates to the lower product revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cost of Product Revenues were $4,118,846 and $5,149,923 for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, a decrease of $1,031,077 (20%). Cost of product sold as a percentage of product revenues for the entertainment segment increased to 121% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 102% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
We recorded $2,169,655 and $4,542,461 in reserves for obsolete and excess inventories for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Total raw materials and component parts were $2,589,804 and $3,044,653 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $454,849 (15%). Finished goods balances were $2,161,011 and $5,322,693 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, a decrease of $3,161,682 (59%) which was attributable to a reduction in inventory for the video solutions product lines and a large decrease in ticket inventory for the newly acquired entertainment segment. The decrease in the inventory reserve is primarily due to the disposal of obsolete inventory that was included in the reserves during 2024. Additionally, the Company determined a reasonable reserve for inventory held at the ticket operating segment, in which some inventory items sell below cost or go unsold, thus having to be fully written-off following the event date. We believe the reserves are appropriate given our inventory levels as of December 31, 2024.
Cost of Service Revenue
Overall cost of service revenue sold for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 was $8,262,340 and $12,510,970, respectively, a decrease of $4,248,630 (34%). Overall cost of goods sold for services as a percentage of service revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 were 58% and 66%, respectively. Cost of service revenues by operating segment is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Cost of Service Revenues:
Video Solutions $ 1,252,213 $ 1,355,809
Revenue Cycle Management 3,766,336 3,941,407
Entertainment 3,243,791 7,213,754
Total Cost of Service Revenues $ 8,262,340 $ 12,510,970
The decrease in cost of service revenues for our video solutions segment demonstrates the leverage we are enjoying as we increase our service revenues during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. Cost of service revenues as a percentage of service revenues for the video solutions segment decreased to 33% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 43% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The decrease in revenue cycle management operating segment cost of service revenue is commensurate with the decline in revenues due to certain loss generating services being eliminated during the year. Cost of service revenues as a percentage of product revenues for the revenue cycle management operating segment increased to 61% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 59% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The decrease in entertainment operating segment cost of service revenues is due to management right sizing the business working towards profitability. The Entertainment cost of service revenue was $3,243,791 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $7,213,754 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Cost of service revenues as a percentage of service revenues for the entertainment segment decreased to 74% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 80% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Gross Profit
Overall gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $5,489,332 and $5,762,484, respectively, a decrease of $273,152 (5%). Gross profit by operating segment was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Gross Profit:
Video Solutions
$ 2,722,894
$ 1,290,509
Revenue Cycle Management
2,365,314
2,772,271
Entertainment
401,124
1,699,704
Total Gross Profit
$ 5,489,332
$ 5,762,484
The decrease is commensurate with the decrease in overall revenues offset by a decrease in cost of goods sold across our video and entertainment segment for the year ended December 31, 2024. There was an overall decrease in the cost of sales as a percentage of overall revenues to 72% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 80% for the year ended December 31, 2023. This is primarily driven by large head-count reductions in our work force during the year ended December 31, 2024, a focus on right sizing recent acquisitions to increase profitability and a transition to a service subscription-based model in our video solutions segment. Our goal is to improve our margins over the longer term based on the expected margins generated by our new recent revenue cycle management and entertainment operating segments together with our video solutions operating segment and its expected margins from our EVO-HD, DVM-800, VuLink, FirstVu Pro, FirstVu II, EVO Fleet, FLT-250, DVM-250, DVM-250 Plus and our cloud evidence storage and management offering, provided that they gain traction in the marketplace. We plan to continue our initiative to more efficient management of our supply chain through outsourcing production, quantity purchases and more effective purchasing practices.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $20,690,872 and $28,003,037 for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $7,312,165 (26%). The decrease was primarily attributable to the reduction in new advertising sponsorships being entered into by the Company offset by the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge. Our selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 105% for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 99% in the same period in 2023. The significant components of selling, general and administrative expenses are as follows:
Year ended December 31,
Research and development expense $ 1,339,673 $ 2,618,746
Selling, advertising and promotional expense 2,144,494 7,137,529
General and administrative expense 12,376,705 18,246,762
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge 4,830,000 -
Total $ 20,690,872 $ 28,003,037
Research and development expense. Our research and development expenses totaled $1,339,673 and $2,618,746 for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively which represents a decrease of $1,279,073 (49%). We have focused on controlling our expenditures on bringing new products to market, including updates and improvements to current products in response to our decline in revenues. The decrease in research and development expense reflects the large cut-back in our engineering staff and research activities in order to right-size our expenses in this area with our revenues.
Selling, advertising and promotional expenses. Selling, advertising and promotional expense totaled $2,144,494 and $7,137,529 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $4,993,035 (70%). The decrease in selling, advertising and promotional expenses reflects the large cut-back in selling staff and promotional and advertising activities in order to right-size our expenses in this area with our revenues. In addition, the decrease is attributable to the reduction in new sponsorships being entered into by the Company and its subsidiary TicketSmarter.
General and administrative expense. General and administrative expenses totaled $12,376,705 and $18,246,762 for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively which represents a decrease of $5,870,057 (32%). The decrease in general and administrative expenses in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 is primarily attributable to a decrease in administrative salaries and reductions in headcount in order to right-size our expenses in this area with our revenues. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was offset by a substantial increase legal and professional expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to the failed merger with CloverLeaf and various capital raises we have undertaken.
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge. We performed an impairment test as of the last day of the fiscal third quarter of 2024 as management determined that a triggering event had occurred resulting from the additional decline in demand for our services, prolonged economic uncertainty, the fact that the split-off transaction did not occur when and as expected and a further decrease in our stock price. Therefore, we performed an impairment test as of September 30, 2024 for our reporting units with remaining goodwill.
As a result of our impairment test, we concluded that the carrying amount of the revenue cycle management and entertainment reporting units exceeded their estimated fair value. Thus, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $4,322,000, representing a portion of the goodwill balance for the revenue cycle management segment, which was included in goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge on our statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $307,000, representing a portion of the goodwill balance for the entertainment segment, which was included in goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge on our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The goodwill impairment was primarily driven by recent performance of the entertainment reporting unit since our annual impairment testing date, as well as a delay in the projected timing of recovery.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we concluded that the carrying amount of a trade name/trademark related to the entertainment segment exceeded its estimated fair value and we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $201,000, which was included in goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge on our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The charge was primarily driven by the split-off transaction not being completed when and as expected and our recent revenue performance of the related business given a decline in demand and overall economic uncertainty. The remaining balance for this trade name/trademark was $699,000 as of December 31, 2024.
Operating Loss
For the reasons previously stated, our operating loss was $15,201,540 and $22,240,553 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an improvement of $7,039,013 (31.6%). Operating loss as a percentage of revenues improved to 77% in 2024 as compared to 78% in 2023.
Interest Income
Interest income decreased to $69,509 for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $95,717 in 2023, which reflects our overall decline in our cash and cash equivalent levels in 2024 compared to 2023.
Interest Expense
We incurred interest expenses of $3,815,323 and $3,134,253 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase is attributable to the amortization of debt discounts associated with the convertible debt, revolving loan agreements and merchant advances.
Other income (expense)
Other income (expense) decreased to $26,733 for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $144,735 during the year ended December 31, 2023, which reflects income related to a warehouse sublease within the corporate headquarters during 2023 which ceased in 2024 upon the sale of the building.
Loss on Litigation
The Company recognized a loss on litigation of $1,959,396 and $1,792,308 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This is in connection with the ongoing lawsuit with Culp McCauley, Inc. Considering the loss recorded in 2024 and prior years the Company has reduced its net exposure to zero relative to this matter at December 31, 2024.
Loss on Conversion of Convertible Debt
The Company recognized a loss on conversion of convertible debt of $-0- and $1,112,705 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This is in connection with the convertible notes issued during the year ended December 31, 2023, and the related conversion from debt to equity and cash settlement of the convertible debt during the 2023 period.
Loss on Disposal of Intangible assets
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company’s video solutions segment disposed of its personal protection product line which held various EPA licenses resulting in a loss on disposal of intangible assets $125,561. This loss was offset by a gain on disposal of certain personal seat licenses by the Company’s entertainment segment which resulted in a gain of $5,582 during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
The change in fair value of the warrant derivative liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively totaled a loss of $1,240,407 during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to a gain of $1,846,642 during the year ended December 31, 2023.
During 2024, the Company issued Series A and Series B detachable warrants in conjunction with its June 2024 capital raise. The underlying warrant terms under both of the Series A and Series B warrants provide for net cash settlement outside the control of the Company in the event of tender offers under certain circumstances and requires reset provisions which were triggered upon the approval the warrant issuances by the Company’s shareholders. As such, the Company is required to treat these warrants as derivative liabilities, which are valued at their estimated fair value at their issuance date and at each reporting date, with any subsequent changes reported in the consolidated statement of operations as the change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities. The warrants were approved by shareholders at the Company’s annual meeting on December 17, 2024, which triggered the reset provisions which resulted in an increase in the estimated fair value of the Series A and Series B warrants.
During 2023, the Company issued detachable warrants to purchase a total of 1,125,000 shares of Common Stock in association with the two secured convertible notes. The Company issued an additional 1,195,219 warrants in June 2024. The underlying warrant terms provide for net cash settlement outside the control of the Company in the event of tender offers under certain circumstances. As such, the Company is required to treat these warrants as derivative liabilities which are valued at their estimated fair value at their issuance date and at each reporting date with any subsequent changes reported in the consolidated statement of operations as the change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities.
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration Promissory Notes
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a gain on the change in fair value of contingent consideration promissory notes of $177,909. This is in connection with the four acquisitions made by our revenue cycle management segment. There was no similar transaction during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Gain on Extinguishment of Liabilities
The Company recorded a gain on the extinguishment of liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $917,935, which reflects income related to the video solutions and entertainment segment’s ability to negotiate down payables and contract liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, the Company negotiated a termination of its lease on its former headquarters which resulted in a gain of $9,385 on the termination during the year ended December 31, 2024.
The gain on extinguishment of liabilities was $550,867 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which reflects income related to the entertainment segment’s ability to negotiate down payables and contract liabilities during the period. The Company utilized funds from the related party note payable to resolve numerous outstanding payables at a discounted rate, the discount received was recognized as a gain on extinguishment of liabilities in the statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
On March 1, 2024, the Company obtained a short-term merchant advance for its entertainment segment, which totaled $1,000,000, from a single lender to fund operations. The Company modified/amended the underlying loan agreement twice during the year ended December 31, 2024. The modifications were both deemed to be extinguishments of debt resulting in a $310,505 total loss during the year ended December 31, 2024.
On November 7, 2024 the Company raised sufficient funds through a private placement which closed on November 7, 2024, to repay the short-term merchant advance for its entertainment segment in full. The Company’s full repayment of the outstanding obligations under such amended note which effectively cured all then existing defaults and resulted in a loss of $374,007 from the extinguishment of this debt during the year ended December 31, 2024.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company refinanced its merchant advance loan for its video segment and determined the refinancing of the debt should be treated as a debt extinguishment. As a result, the Company recorded a loss of $68,827 on the extinguishment during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Gain on Sale of Property, Plant and Equipment
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold its building for $5,900,000 less closing costs of $36,634. The carrying amount of the building on the date of sale was $5,461,623. As a result of the sale the Company recorded a gain of $401,743 in the consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. This amount was offset by a separate loss on sale of fixed assets of $41,661 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Loss before Income Tax Benefit
As a result of the above, we reported a net loss before income tax benefit of $21,715,725 and $25,463,949 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an improvement of $3,748,224 (15%).
Income Tax Benefit
We recorded an income tax benefit of $-0- for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate for both 2024 and 2023 varied from the expected statutory rate due to our continuing to provide a 100% valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. We determined that it was appropriate to continue the full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 primarily because of the recurring operating losses.
We have further determined to continue providing a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024. During 2024, we increased our valuation reserve on deferred tax assets by $4,680,000 whereby our deferred tax assets continue to be fully reserved due to our recent operating losses.
We had approximately $159,280,000 of federal net operating loss carryforwards and $1,742,000 of research and development tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2024 available to offset future net taxable income.
Net Loss
As a result of the above, we reported a net loss of $21,715,725 and $25,463,949 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an improvement of $3,748,224 (15%).
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests of Consolidated Subsidiary
The Company owns a 51% equity interest in its consolidated subsidiary, Nobility Healthcare. As a result, the noncontrolling shareholders or minority interest is allocated 49% of the income/loss of Nobility Healthcare which is reflected in the statement of income (loss) as “net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests of consolidated subsidiary”. We reported net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests of consolidated subsidiary of $(1,871,578) and $224,598 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders
As a result of the above, we reported a net loss of $19,844,147 and $25,688,547 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an improvement of $5,844,400 (23%).
Basic and Diluted Income/(Loss) per Share
The basic and diluted income/(loss) per share was ($5.58) and ($9.22) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for the reasons previously noted. All outstanding stock options and common stock purchase warrants were considered antidilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 because all potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation because of the net loss reported for both 2024 and 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overall:
Management’s Liquidity Plan. We have experienced net losses and cash outflows from operating activities since inception. Based upon our current operating forecast, we anticipate that we will need to restore positive operating cash flows and/or raise additional capital in the short-term to fund operations, meet our customary payment obligations and otherwise execute our business plan over the next 12 months. We are continuously in discussions to raise additional capital, which may include a variety of equity and debt instruments; however, there can be no assurance that our capital raising initiatives will be successful. Our recurring losses and level of cash used in operations, along with uncertainties concerning our ability to raise additional capital, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Cash, cash equivalents: As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents with an aggregate balance of $454,314, a decrease from a balance of $778,149 (including restricted cash) at December 31, 2023. Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent subsections are the main elements of the $323,835 net decrease in cash during the year ended December 31, 2024:
● Operating activities: Net cash used in operating activities was $5,114,718 and $9,893,838 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an improvement of $4,779,120. The decrease is attributable to the improved net loss, an increase in noncash expenses such as non-cash interest expense and cash provided the change in operating assets and liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.
● Investing activities: Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities was $387,549 and $(240,706) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we made expenditures or received cash for the following: (i) sold our corporate headquarters building for $5,900,000 and received net cash of $425,653 after paying off the building loan and various other deductions (ii) the acquisition of Country Stampede; and (iii) received proceeds from the sale of our aircraft.
● Financing activities: Net cash provided by financing activities was $4,403,334 and $7,380,494 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During 2024, we most notably refinanced a loan resulting in proceeds of $1,144,000, obtained an additional merchant advance providing proceeds of $1,511,826, obtained $1,475,000 in new commercial extension of credits, issued senior promissory notes with commitment shares resulting in $2,669,250 in net cash proceeds and issued common stock with detachable warrants resulting in $2,194,745 in net cash proceeds. The cash proceeds were partially offset by payments on outstanding loans including the payments on merchant advances.
The net result of these activities was a decrease in cash of $323,835 to $454,314 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Commitments:
We had $454,314 of cash and cash equivalents and net negative working capital of $19,377,507 as of December 31, 2024. Accounts receivable and other receivables balances represented $5,446,098 of our net working capital at December 31, 2024. We intend to collect our outstanding receivables on a timely basis and reduce the overall level during 2025, which would help to provide positive cash flow to support our operations during 2025. Inventory represents $2,586,066 of our net working capital at December 31, 2024. We are actively managing the level of inventory and our goal is to reduce such level during 2025 by our sales activities, the decrease of which should provide additional cash flow to help support our operations during 2025.
Capital Expenditures:
We had the following material commitments for capital expenditures at December 31, 2024:
Lease commitments. Total lease expense under the Company’s operating leases was approximately $627,212 during the year ended December 31, 2024.
The following sets forth the operating lease right of use assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024:
Assets:
Operating lease right of use assets
$ 718,509
Liabilities:
Operating lease obligations-current portion
158,304
Operating lease obligations-less current portion
560,205
Total operating lease obligations
$ 718,509
Following are the minimum lease payments for each year and in total.
Year ending December 31:
$ 210,086
210,925
189,275
100,863
2029 and thereafter
130,086
Total undiscounted minimum future lease payments
841,235
Imputed interest
(122,726 )
Total operating lease liability
$ 718,509
Debt obligations - We have the following outstanding debt as of December 31, 2024 which require future principal payments:
December 31, 2024
Economic injury disaster loan (EIDL) $ 144,495
Commercial Extension of Credit- Entertainment Segment 100,000
Merchant Advances - Video Solutions Segment 1,922,750
Senior Secured Promissory Notes 3,600,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs (664,719 )
Debt obligations 5,102,526
Less: current maturities of debt obligations 4,961,443
Debt obligations, long-term $ 141,083
Debt obligations mature on an annual basis as follows as of December 31, 2024:
December 31, 2024
$ 4,961,443
3,412
3,542
3,677
2029 and thereafter 130,452
Total $ 5,102,526
Litigation.
From time to time, we are notified that we may be a party to a lawsuit or that a claim is being made against us. It is our policy to not disclose the specifics of any claim or threatened lawsuit until the summons and complaint are actually served on us. After carefully assessing the claim, and assuming we determine that we are not at fault or we disagree with the damages or relief demanded, we vigorously defend any lawsuit filed against us. We record a liability when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. When losses are deemed reasonably possible but not probable, we determine whether it is possible to provide an estimate of the amount of the loss or range of possible losses for the claim, if material for disclosure. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood of our prevailing, the availability of insurance, and the severity of any potential loss. We re-evaluate and update accruals as matters progress over time.
While the ultimate resolution is unknown, we do not expect that these lawsuits will individually, or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that any expense, liability or damages that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will be covered by our insurance or will not be in excess of amounts recognized or provided by insurance coverage and will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition or cash flows. See Item 3, “Legal Proceedings,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on our litigation.
(k) Plan. The Company sponsors a 401(k) retirement savings plan for the benefit of its employees. The plan, as amended, requires it to provide 100% matching contributions for employees, who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and 50% matching contributions for employee’s elective deferrals on the next 2% of their contributions. The Company made matching contributions totaling $144,589 and $207,463 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Each participant is 100% vested at all times in employee and employer matching contributions.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1, “Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements. While the selection and application of any accounting policy may involve some level of subjective judgments and estimates, we believe the following accounting policies and estimates are the most critical to our financial statements, potentially involve the most subjective judgments in their selection and application, and are the most susceptible to uncertainties and changing conditions:
● Revenue Recognition / Allowance for Doubtful Accounts;
● Allowance for Excess and Obsolete Inventory;
● Goodwill and other intangible assets;
● Warranty Reserves;
● Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations;
● Fair value of warrant derivative liabilities;
● Stock-based Compensation Expense; and
● Accounting for Income Taxes.
Revenue Recognition / Allowances for Doubtful Accounts. Revenue is recognized for the shipment of products or delivery of service when all five of the following conditions are met:
(i) Identify the contract with the customer;
(ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
(iii) Determine the transaction price;
(iv) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
(v) Recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.
We consider the terms and conditions of the contract and our customary business practices in identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract when the customer order is approved, we can identify each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the customer has the ability and intent to pay and the contract has commercial substance. At contract inception we evaluate whether the contract includes more than one performance obligation. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.
Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services and the products that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services and the products is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Our performance obligations consist of (i) products, (ii) professional services, and (iii) extended warranties.
The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.
If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price (“SSP”).
Revenue for our video solutions segment is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the control of the promised service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when control of the service is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for our services. We generate all our revenue from contracts with customers.
Revenue for our revenue cycle management segment is recorded on a net basis, as its primary source of revenue is its end-to-end service fees. These service fees are reported as revenue monthly, upon completion of our performance obligation to provide the agreed upon services.
Revenue for our entertainment segment is recorded on a gross or net basis based on management’s assessment of whether we are acting as a principal or agent in the transaction. The determination is based upon the evaluation of control over the event ticket, including the right to sell the ticket, prior to its transfer to the ticket buyer.
We sell our tickets held in inventory, which consists of one performance obligation, being to transfer control of an event ticket to the buyer upon confirmation of the order. We act as the principal in these transactions as we own the ticket at the time of sale, therefore we control the ticket prior to transferring to the customer. In these transactions, revenue is recorded on a gross basis based on the value of the ticket and is recognized when an order is confirmed. Payment is typically due upon delivery of the ticket.
We also act as an intermediary between buyers and sellers through the online secondary marketplace. Revenues derived from this marketplace primarily consist of service fees from entertainment operations, and consists of one primary performance obligation, which is facilitating the transaction between the buyer and seller, being satisfied at the time the order has been confirmed. As we do not control the ticket prior to the transfer, we act as an agent in these transactions. Revenue is recognized on a net basis, net of the amount due to the seller when an order is confirmed, the seller is then obligated to deliver the tickets to the buyer per the seller’s listing. Payment is due at the time of sale.
We review all significant, unusual, or nonstandard shipments of product or delivery of services as a routine part of our accounting and financial reporting process to determine compliance with these requirements. Extended warranties are offered on selected products, and when a customer purchases an extended warranty, the associated proceeds are treated as contract liability and recognized over the term of the extended warranty.
For our video solutions segment, our principal customers are state, local, and federal law enforcement agencies, which historically have been low risks for uncollectible accounts. However, we have commercial customers and international distributors that present a greater risk for uncollectible accounts than such law enforcement customers and we consider a specific reserve for bad debts based on their individual circumstances. Our historical bad debts have been negligible since we commenced deliveries during 2006.
For our entertainment segment, our customers are mainly online visitors that pay at the time of the transaction, and we collect the service fees charged with the transaction. Thus, leading to minimal risk for uncollectible accounts, to which we then consider a specific reserve for bad debts based on their individual circumstances. As we continue to learn more about the collectability related to this recent acquisition, we will track historical bad debts and continue to assess appropriate reserves.
For our revenue cycle management segment, our customers are mainly medium to large healthcare organizations that are charged monthly upon the execution of our services. Being these customers are healthcare organizations with minimal risk for uncollectible accounts, we consider a specific reserve for bad debts based on their individual circumstances. As we continue to learn more about the collectability related to this recently added segment, we will track historical bad debts and continue to assess appropriate reserves.
Allowance for Excess and Obsolete Inventory. We record valuation reserves on our inventory for estimated excess or obsolete inventory items. The amount of the reserve is equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. On a quarterly basis, management performs an analysis of the underlying inventory to identify reserves needed for excess and obsolescence. Management uses its best judgment to estimate appropriate reserves based on this analysis. In addition, we adjust the carrying value of inventory if the current market value of that inventory is below its cost.
Inventories consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Raw material and component parts- video solutions segment $ 2,589,804 $ 3,044,653
Work-in-process- video solutions segment 4,906 20,396
Finished goods - video solutions segment 1,655,317 4,623,489
Finished goods - entertainment segment 505,694 699,204
Subtotal 4,755,721 8,387,742
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory- video solutions segment (2,037,252 ) (4,355,666 )
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory - entertainment segment (132,403 ) (186,795 )
Total inventories $ 2,586,066 $ 3,845,281
We balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive delivery performance to our customers against the risk of inventory obsolescence due to changing technology and customer requirements. As reflected above, our inventory reserves represented 46% of the gross inventory balance at December 31, 2024, compared to 54% of the gross inventory balance at December 31, 2023. We had $2,169,655 and $4,542,461 in reserves for obsolete and excess inventories at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in the inventory reserve is primarily due to the reduction in finished goods and movement of excess inventory. Additionally, the Company determined a reasonable reserve for inventory held at the ticket operating segment, in which some inventory items sell below cost or go unsold, thus having to be fully written-off following the event date. We believe the reserves are appropriate given our inventory levels as of December 31, 2024.
If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management or significant engineering changes to our products that are not anticipated and appropriately managed, additional inventory write-downs may be required in excess of the inventory reserves already established.
Goodwill and other intangible assets. When we acquire a business, we determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the date of acquisition, which may include a significant amount of intangible assets such as customer relationships, software and content, as well as goodwill. When determining the fair values of the acquired intangible assets, we consider, among other factors, analyses of historical financial performance and an estimate of the future performance of the acquired business. The fair values of the acquired intangible assets are primarily calculated using an income approach that relies on discounted cash flows. This method starts with a forecast of the expected future net cash flows for the asset and then adjusts the forecast to present value by applying a discount rate that reflects the risk factors associated with the cash flow streams. We consider this approach to be the most appropriate valuation technique because the inherent value of an acquired intangible asset is its ability to generate future income. In a typical acquisition, we engage a third-party valuation expert to assist us with the fair value analyses for acquired intangible assets.
Determining the fair values of acquired intangible assets requires us to exercise significant judgment. We select reasonable estimates and assumptions based on evaluating a number of factors, including, but not limited to, marketplace participants, consumer awareness and brand history. Additionally, there are significant judgments inherent in discounted cash flows such as estimating the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, the selection of discount rates, hypothetical royalty rates and contributory asset capital charges. Specifically, the selected discount rates are intended to reflect the risk inherent in the projected future cash flows generated by the underlying acquired intangible assets.
Determining an acquired intangible asset’s useful life also requires significant judgment and is based on evaluating a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the expected use of the asset, historical client retention rates, consumer awareness and trade name history, as well as any contractual provisions that could limit or extend an asset’s useful life.
The Company’s goodwill is evaluated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires goodwill to be assessed for impairment at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. In addition, an impairment evaluation of our amortizable intangible assets may also be performed if events or circumstances indicate potential impairment. Among the factors that could trigger an impairment review are current operating results that do not align with our annual plan or historical performance; changes in our strategic plans or the use of our assets; restructuring changes or other changes in our business segments; competitive pressures and changes in the general economy or in the markets in which we operate; and a significant decline in our stock price and our market capitalization relative to our net book value.
When performing our annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, we initially perform a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If we do not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of our qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then we perform a two-step quantitative impairment test.
Evaluating the recoverability of goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of our estimates are subject to uncertainty. Among the factors that we consider in our qualitative assessment are general economic conditions and the competitive environment; actual and projected reporting unit financial performance; forward-looking business measurements; and external market assessments. To determine the fair values of our reporting units for a quantitative analysis, we typically utilize detailed financial projections, which include significant variables, such as projected rates of revenue growth, profitability and cash flows, as well as assumptions regarding discount rates, the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and other data.
We performed an impairment test as of the last day of the fiscal third quarter of 2024 as management determined that a triggering event had occurred resulting from the additional decline in demand for our services, prolonged economic uncertainty, the fact that the split-off transaction did not occur when and as expected and a further decrease in our stock price. Therefore, we performed an impairment test for our reporting units with remaining goodwill.
The fair value of each reporting unit was estimated using a weighting of the income and market valuation approaches. The income approach applied a fair value methodology to each reporting unit based on discounted cash flows. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internally-developed forecasts of revenue and profitability, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital, which is risk-adjusted to reflect the specific risk profile of the reporting unit being tested. The weighted average cost of capital used in our most recent impairment test ranged from 18.3% to 21.3%. We also applied a market approach, which develops a value correlation based on the market capitalization of similar publicly traded companies, referred to as a multiple, to apply to the operating results of the reporting units. The primary market multiple used is revenue. The income and market approaches were equally weighted in our most recent annual impairment test, for all of the reporting units.
The combined fair values for all reporting units were then reconciled to our aggregate market value of our shares of common stock on the date of valuation, while considering a reasonable control premium. We consider a reporting unit’s fair value to be substantially in excess of the reporting unit’s carrying value at a 25% premium or greater. Based on our most recent impairment test, the video solutions reporting unit’s fair value was substantially in excess of its carrying value, while the revenue cycle management and entertainment segments were determined to be impaired.
We held goodwill of $5,480,966 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, related to businesses within our revenue cycle management segment. We held goodwill of $6,112,507 and $5,886,548 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to businesses within our entertainment segment. As a result of our impairment test, we concluded that the carrying amount of the revenue cycle management and the entertainment reporting units exceeded its estimated fair values. Thus, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $4,322,000, related to the goodwill carrying balance for the revenue cycle management segment, and a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $307,000, related to the goodwill carrying balance for the entertainment segment, both of which was included in goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The goodwill impairment was primarily driven by recent performance of the revenue cycle management and entertainment reporting units since our annual impairment testing date, as well as a delay in the projected timing of recovery. The remaining balance for the goodwill carrying balance related to businesses within our revenue cycle management segment and entertainment segment was $1,158,966 and $5,805,507, respectively as of December 31, 2024.
We held indefinite-lived trade names/trademarks of $900,000 and $600,000 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to businesses within our entertainment segment.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we concluded that the carrying amount of a trade name/trademark related to the entertainment segment exceeded its estimated fair value and we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $201,000, which was included in goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The charge was primarily driven by the split-off transaction not being completed when and as expected and our recent revenue and operating performance of the related business given a decline in demand and overall economic uncertainty. The remaining balance for this trade name/trademark was $699,000 as of December 31, 2024.
Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. The Company allocates the amount it pays for each acquisition to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets which arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. The Company bases the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management to valuation specialists, which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. The Company allocates any excess purchase price that exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired to goodwill. The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated growth rates, cash flows, discount rates and estimated useful lives could result in different purchase price allocations and amortization expense in current and future periods. Transaction costs associated with these acquisitions are expensed as incurred through selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations. In those circumstances where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement, the Company recognizes a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments expected to be made as of the acquisition date. The Company re-measures this liability each reporting period and records changes in the fair value through operating income within the consolidated statements of operations.
Warranty Reserves. We generally provide up to a two-year parts and labor standard warranty on our products to our customers. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranties are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims. We actively study trends of claims and take action to improve product quality and minimize claims. Our warranty reserves were decreased to $11,615 as of December 31, 2024 compared to $17,699 as of December 31, 2023 due to newer products gaining a long history of claims to consider, which was slightly offset as we began to slow our warranty exposures through the roll-off of DVM-750 and DVM-800 units from warranty coverage. Standard warranty exposure on the DVM-800 and DVM-250plus are the responsibility of the contract manufacturers, which reduced our overall warranty exposure as these are very popular products in our line. There is a risk that we will have higher warranty claim frequency rates and average cost of claims than our history has indicated on our legacy mirror products compared to our new products for which we have limited experience. Actual experience could differ from the amounts estimated requiring adjustments to these liabilities in future periods.
Warrant derivative liabilities.
The Company accounts for their derivative financial instruments in accordance with ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” therefore any embedded conversion options and warrants accounted for as derivatives are to be recorded at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was used to estimate the fair value of the embedded conversion options and warrants. The model includes subjective input assumptions that can materially affect the fair value estimates.
Accounting for Income Taxes. Accounting for income taxes requires significant estimates and judgments on the part of management. Such estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, the effective tax rate anticipated to apply to tax differences that are expected to reverse in the future, the sufficiency of taxable income in future periods to realize the benefits of net deferred tax assets and net operating losses currently recorded and the likelihood that tax positions taken in tax returns will be sustained on audit.
As required by authoritative guidance, we record deferred tax assets or liabilities based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using currently enacted rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Authoritative guidance also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of December 31, 2024, we have fully reserved all of our deferred tax assets. Based on a review of our deferred tax assets and recent operating performance, we determined that our valuation allowance should be increased by $4,680,000 to a balance of $46,290,000 to fully reserve our deferred tax assets at December 31, 2024. We determined that it was appropriate to continue to provide a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024, because of the overall net operating loss carryforwards available. We expect to continue to maintain a full valuation allowance until we determine that we can sustain a level of profitability that demonstrates our ability to realize these assets. To the extent we determine that the realization of some or all of these benefits is more likely than not based upon expected future taxable income, a portion or all of the valuation allowance will be reversed. Such a reversal would be recorded as an income tax benefit and, for some portion related to deductions for stock option exercises, an increase in shareholders’ equity.
As required by authoritative guidance, we have performed a comprehensive review of our portfolio of uncertain tax positions in accordance with recognition standards established by the FASB, an uncertain tax position represents our expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. We have no recorded liability as of December 31, 2024 representing uncertain tax positions.
We have generated substantial deferred income tax assets related to our operations primarily from the charge to compensation expense taken for stock options, certain tax credit carryforwards and net operating loss carryforwards. For us to realize the income tax benefit of these assets, we must generate sufficient taxable income in future periods when such deductions are allowed for income tax purposes. In some cases where deferred taxes were the result of compensation expense recognized on stock options, our ability to realize the income tax benefit of these assets is also dependent on our share price increasing to a point where these options have intrinsic value at least equal to the grant date fair value and are exercised. In assessing whether a valuation allowance is needed in connection with our deferred income tax assets, we have evaluated our ability to generate sufficient taxable income in future periods to utilize the benefit of the deferred income tax assets. We continue to evaluate our ability to use recorded deferred income tax asset balances. If we fail to generate taxable income for financial reporting in future years, no additional tax benefit would be recognized for those losses, since we will not have accumulated enough positive evidence to support our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards in the future. Therefore, we may be required to increase our valuation allowance in future periods should our assumptions regarding the generation of future taxable income not be realized.
Inflation and Seasonality
Inflation has not materially affected us during the past fiscal year. We do not believe that our Video Solutions and Revenue Cycle Management segments business is seasonal in nature, however; the Entertainment Segment is expected to generate higher revenues during the second half of the calendar year than in the first half.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7a. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Our financial statements are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K commencing on page.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the control objectives, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on their evaluation as of December 31, 2024, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K, was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and was accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
● Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
● Provide reasonable assurance that the transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
● Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In connection with the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our assessment using the framework in 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework, management believes that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting is not effective.
Material Weakness
In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to timely review and detection of potential accounting misstatements and a lack of segregation of duties, which in the aggregate, constitute a material weakness.
Remediation Activities
As part of our plan to remediate this material weakness, we are performing a full review of our internal control procedures. We have implemented, and plan to continue to implement, new controls and new processes. We have hired and plan to continue to hire additional qualified personnel and establish more robust processes to support our internal control over financial reporting, including clearly defined roles and responsibilities. The Company anticipates time being required to complete the implementation and to assess and ensure the sustainability of these controls. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have completed the process of integrating our recent business acquisition into our overall internal control over the financial reporting process. Other than this integration, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We are continually monitoring and assessing our internal controls to ensure the appropriate design and operating effectiveness.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
None of the Company’s directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Directors
The names of the members of our Board and our executive officers and certain information about them as of December 31, 2024 are set forth below:
Name of Board of Director Member (4)
Positions
Age
Director Since
Stanton E. Ross
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Leroy C. Richie (1)(2)(3)
Lead Independent Director, Chairman of the Nominating Committee and Compensation Committee and attorney
D. Duke Daughtery (1)(2)(3)
Independent Director; Chairman of Audit Committee
Charles M. Anderson (1)(2)(3)
Independent Director
Name of Executive Officer (4)
Positions
Age
Executive Officer Since
Thomas J. Heckman
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Secretary
Peng Han
Chief Operating Officer
(1) Member of Audit Committee
(2) Member of Compensation Committee
(3) Member of Nominating Committee
(4) The address of each executive officer and director listed is 6366 College Blvd., Overland Park, Kansas 66211.
The Board has determined that Messrs. Richie, Daughtery and Anderson are “independent directors,” as defined by the rules and listing standards of Nasdaq. In making this determination, the Board considered the transactions and relationships disclosed under “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” below.
Biographical Information - Directors
Stanton E. Ross has served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) since September 2005. From March 1992 to June 2005, Mr. Ross was the Chairman and President of American Noble Gas, Inc. (formerly known as Infinity Energy Resources, Inc.), a publicly held oil and gas exploration and development company (“AMGAS”) and served as an officer and director of each of AMGAS’s subsidiaries. He resigned from all his positions with AMGAS in June 2005, except Chairman, but was reappointed President in October 2006. From 1991 until March 1992, he founded and served as President of Midwest Financial, a financial services corporation involved in mergers, acquisitions, and financing for corporations in the Midwest. From 1990 to 1991, Mr. Ross was employed by Duggan Securities, Inc., an investment banking firm in Lenexa, Kansas, where he primarily worked in corporate finance. From 1989 to 1990, he was employed by Stifel, Nicolaus & Co., a member of the New York Stock Exchange, where he was an investment executive. From 1987 to 1989, Mr. Ross was self-employed as a business consultant. From 1985 to 1987, Mr. Ross was President and founder of Kansas Microwave, Inc., which developed a radar detector product. From 1981 to 1985, he was employed by Birdview Satellite Communications, Inc., which manufactured and marketed home satellite television systems, initially as a salesman and later as National Sales Manager. Mr. Ross estimates he devoted most of his time to Digital Ally and the balance to AMGAS in 2020. In late 2007, AMGAS sold a substantial portion of its operating assets and has not required a substantial amount of his time since such point. Mr. Ross holds no public company directorships other than with the Company and AMGAS and has not held any others during the previous five years. The Company believes that Mr. Ross’s broad entrepreneurial, financial, and business expertise and his experience with micro-cap public companies and his role as President and Chief Executive Officer give him the qualifications and skills to serve as a Director.
Leroy C. Richie has been the Lead Independent Director of Digital Ally since September 2005. He is also the Chairman of the Compensation Committee and Nominating Committee and a member of the Audit Committee. Since June 1, 1999, Mr. Richie has been a director of AMGAS. Additionally, until 2017, Mr. Richie served as a member of the board of directors of Columbia Mutual Funds (or mutual fund companies acquired by or merged with Columbia Mutual Funds), a family of investment companies managed by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. From 2004 to 2015, he was of counsel to the Detroit law firm of Lewis & Munday, P.C. From 2007 to 2014, Mr. Richie served as a member of the board of directors of OGE Energy Corp. He holds no other public directorships and has not held any others during the previous five years. Until 2019, Mr. Richie served as the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chairman of the Compensation Committee for the Henry Ford Health System, in Detroit. Mr. Richie was formerly Vice President of Chrysler Corporation and General Counsel for automotive legal affairs, where he directed all legal affairs for its automotive operations from 1986 until his retirement in 1997. Before joining Chrysler, he was an associate with the New York law firm of White & Case (1973-1978) and served as director of the New York office of the Federal Trade Commission (1978-1983). Mr. Richie received a B.A. from City College of New York, where he was valedictorian, and a J.D. from the New York University School of Law, where he was awarded an Arthur Garfield Hays Civil Liberties Fellowship. The Company believes that Mr. Richie’s extensive experience as a lawyer and as an officer or director of public companies gives him the qualifications and skills to serve as a Director.
D. Duke Daughtery joined the board of directors of Digital Ally in October 2023 and he is also the chairman of the Audit Committee, and a member of the Compensation Committee and Nominating Committee. From 1987 to 2019, Mr. Daughtery was an assurance partner and audit practice leader with Grant Thornton and Deloitte & Touche in Kansas City. Mr. Daughtery was instrumental in the significant growth of Grant Thornton’s Kansas City audit practice. Mr. Daughtery served numerous companies ranging from high growth private equity backed clients, to multi-billion dollar revenue private companies, as well as public companies ranging from smaller public companies to the Fortune 500. Mr. Daughtery brings to the board of directors many years of leadership experience as an assurance partner at major accounting firms and extensive experience in developing and executing growth strategies, acquisitions and capital transactions. The Company considers Mr. Daughtery to be an audit committee financial expert. Mr. Daughtery obtained his Bachelor of Arts in Accounting and in Management and Business Administration from Saint Ambrose University. Mr. Daughtery holds no public company directorships other than with the Company and has only held the aforementioned position in Digital Ally during the previous five years. From 2019 to 2023, Mr. Daughtery was not employed by any company. The Company believes that Mr. Daughtery’s extensive experience as an accountant of public companies gives him the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Charles “Chopper” Anderson joined the board of directors of Digital Ally in December 2024. Mr. Anderson has served as Chief Executive Officer at Alien Audio since 2007. He is a renowned bass player known for his exceptional talent and versatility in the music industry. Mr. Anderson graduated from Belmont College in 1977 as one of the first graduates of their newly founded music program. Moving to Nashville, Tennessee in 1975, Mr. Anderson became a sought-after session musician, collaborating with a wide range of artists across genres like rock, pop, country, and R&B. Through a variety of tours, records, and sessions, Mr. Anderson played the bass guitar with numerous notable artists such as Dolly Parton, Dottie West, Kenny Rogers, Marie Osmond, Lee Roy Parnell, and Edwin McCain. From 1991 to 2001 Mr. Anderson was on tour with Reba McIntire. In 2007, he founded his own bass guitar manufacturing company, Alien Audio, which is still doing business to date. His dynamic bass lines have featured on numerous hit albums, earning him a reputation for innovation and reliability. His contributions to music have earned him several awards and accolades, celebrating his technical proficiency and creative approach. His lasting impact on the music world continues to inspire both current and future generations of musicians. Mr. Anderson holds no public company directorships, nor has he held any public company directorships within the past five years, and the Company believes that Mr. Anderson’s extensive experience in the entertainment industry gives him the qualifications and skills to serve as a director.
Our Directors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of our stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified. Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board. There is no family relationship between any of our directors, director nominees and executive officers. Board vacancies are filled by a majority vote of the Board.
Biographical Information - Executive Officers
Thomas J. Heckman has served as our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer since September 2007. During the years 2001-2007, Mr. Heckman provided consulting and business investment services to publicly traded and private companies. He has been involved in the successful completion of a number of initial public offerings (IPOs), reverse mergers and other transactions; drafted, filed and achieved SEC effectiveness for Form SB-2 filings; assisted in the raising of capital for private companies in a variety of industries; and developed multiple private placement memorandums. From 1983 until 2001, Mr. Heckman was employed by Deloitte and Touche, LLP, a subsidiary of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, one of the largest auditing, consulting, and financial advisory, risk management, and tax services organizations in the world. During his 18 years with Deloitte and Touche, LLP, including six years as Accounting and Auditing Partner in the Kansas City office, Mr. Heckman specialized in IPOs and public reporting entities. He served as partner in charge of a high-technology and emerging/high-growth company market segment for cross-discipline marketing efforts, assisted companies in preparing for public offerings and other liquidity events, and was involved in numerous initial/secondary financings and merger / acquisition transactions for public and private companies. He is experienced in all facets of SEC financial reporting and compliance matters. Mr. Heckman earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Accounting at the University of Missouri - Columbia.
Peng Han has served as Chief Operating Officer since November 2021. Joining Digital Ally in February 2010, Mr. Han served as Lead Software Engineer, Software Manager, Vice President of Engineering, and CTO. With over two decades of experience in spearheading the development of innovative and cutting-edge software and hardware products, Mr. Han’s expertise lies in large-scale software development, video technology, real-time embedded systems, telecommunications, and intellectual property management. From 2005 to 2010, Mr. Han worked as Senior Staff Engineer for Ingenient Technologies, a leading provider of embedded multimedia system solutions. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Han was employed by WMS Gaming, an electronic game entertainment company, where he worked as Core Software Engineer. From 2001 to 2003, he was employed as a Software Engineer by Tellabs, a telecommunication software and hardware solution provider. Mr. Han received his Master of Science degree in Computer Science at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
None.
Board of Directors and Committee Meetings
Our Board held four meetings and acted a number of times by unanimous consent resolutions during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Each of our directors attended at least 75% of the meetings of the Board and the committees on which he was appointed and served in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Our directors are expected, absent exceptional circumstances, to attend all Board meetings and meetings of committees on which they serve and are also expected to attend our annual meeting of stockholders. All directors then in office attended the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board currently has three committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating Committee. Each committee has a written charter approved by the Board, outlining the principal responsibilities of the committee. These charters are also available on the Investor Relations page of our website. All of our directors, other than our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, have met in executive sessions without management present on a regular basis in 2024 and year-to-date 2025.
Audit Committee
Our Audit Committee appoints the Company’s independent auditors, reviews audit reports and plans, accounting policies, financial statements, internal controls, audit fees, and certain other expenses and oversees our accounting and financial reporting process. Specific responsibilities include selecting, hiring and terminating our independent auditors; evaluating the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent auditors; approving the audit and non-audit services to be performed by our auditors; reviewing the design, implementation, adequacy and effectiveness of our internal controls and critical accounting policies; overseeing and monitoring the integrity of our financial statements and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements as they relate to financial statements or accounting matters; reviewing any earnings announcements and other public announcements regarding our results of operations in conjunction with management and our public auditors; conferring with management and the independent auditors regarding the effectiveness of internal controls, financial reporting processes and disclosure controls; consulting with management and the independent auditors regarding Company policies governing financial risk management; reviewing and discussing reports from the independent auditors on critical accounting policies used by the Company; establishing procedures, as required under applicable law, for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential and anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; reviewing and approving related-person transactions in accordance with the Company’s policies and procedures with respect to related-person transactions and applicable rules; reviewing the financial statements to be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K; discussing with management and the independent auditors the results of the annual audit and the results of quarterly reviews and any significant changes in our accounting principles; and preparing the report that the SEC requires in our annual proxy statement. The report of the Audit Committee for the year-ended December 31, 2024 was included in our annual proxy statement for 2024.
The Audit Committee is comprised of three Directors, each of whom is independent, as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq Rule 5605(a)(2). The Audit Committee held four meetings during the year ended December 31, 2024. The members of our Audit Committee are D. Duke Daughtery (Chairman), Leroy C. Richie and Charles M. Anderson. The Board determined that Mr. Daughtery qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under the applicable rules and listing standards of Nasdaq and SEC rules and regulations and is independent as noted above.
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all audit and non-audit services performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm must be approved in advance by the Audit Committee to assure that such services do not impair the auditor’s independence from the Company. Accordingly, the Audit Committee has adopted an Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy (the “Policy”) that sets forth the procedures and the conditions pursuant to which services to be performed by the independent auditors are to be pre-approved. Pursuant to the Policy, certain services described in detail in the Policy may be pre-approved on an annual basis together with pre-approved maximum fee levels for such services. The services eligible for annual pre-approval consist of services that would be included under the categories of Audit Fees, Audit-Related Fees and Tax Fees in the table, as well as services for limited review of actuarial reports and calculations. If not pre-approved on an annual basis, proposed services must otherwise be separately approved prior to being performed by the independent registered public accounting firm. In addition, any services that receive annual pre-approval but exceed the pre-approved maximum fee level also will require separate approval by the Audit Committee prior to being performed. The Audit Committee may delegate authority to pre-approve audit and non-audit services to any member of the Audit Committee but may not delegate such authority to management.
Compensation Committee
Our Compensation Committee assists our Board in determining the development plans and compensation of our officers, directors and employees. Specific responsibilities include approving the compensation and benefits of our executive officers; reviewing the performance objectives and actual performance of our officers; administering our stock option and other equity compensation plans; and reviewing and discussing with management the compensation discussion and analysis that the SEC requires in our future Form 10-Ks and proxy statements.
Our Compensation Committee is comprised of three Directors, whom the Board considers to be independent under the applicable rules and listing standards of Nasdaq and SEC rules and regulations. The members of our Compensation Committee are Leroy C. Richie (Chairman), D. Duke Daughtery and Charles M. Anderson. The Compensation Committee held two meetings and acted several times by unanimous written consent resolutions during the year ended December 31, 2024. Mr. Ross, our Chief Executive Officer, does not participate in the determination of his own compensation or the compensation of directors. However, he makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding the amount and form of the compensation of the other executive officers and key employees, and he often participates in the Compensation Committee’s deliberations about such persons’ compensation. Thomas J. Heckman, our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), also assists the Compensation Committee in its deliberations regarding executive officer, director and employee compensation. No other executive officers participate in the determination of the amount or the form of the compensation of executive officers or directors. The Compensation Committee does not utilize the services of an independent compensation consultant to assist in its oversight of executive and director compensation.
Nominating Committee
Our Nominating Committee assists our Board by identifying and recommending individuals qualified to become members of our Board, reviewing correspondence from our stockholders, and establishing, evaluating, and overseeing our corporate governance guidelines. Specific responsibilities include the following: evaluating the composition, size and governance of our Board and its committees and making recommendations regarding future planning and appointing directors to our committees; establishing a policy for considering stockholder nominees for election to our Board; and evaluating and recommending candidates for election to our Board.
Our Nominating Committee strives for a Board composed of individuals who bring a variety of complementary skills, expertise, or background and who, as a group, will possess the appropriate skills and experience to oversee our business. The diversity of the members of the Board relates to the selection of its nominees. While the Committee considers diversity and variety of experiences and viewpoints to be important factors, it does not believe that a director nominee should be chosen or excluded solely or largely because of race, color, gender, national origin or sexual orientation or identity. In selecting a director nominee for recommendation to our Board, our Nominating Committee focuses on skills, expertise or background that would complement the existing members on the Board. Accordingly, although diversity may be a consideration in the Committee’s process, the Committee and the Board do not have a formal policy regarding the consideration of diversity in identifying director nominees.
When the Nominating Committee has either identified a prospective nominee or determined that an additional or replacement director is required, the Nominating Committee may take such measures as it considers appropriate in connection with its evaluation of a director candidate, including candidate interviews, inquiry of the person or persons making the recommendation or nomination, engagement of an outside search firm to gather additional information, or reliance on the knowledge of the members of the Board or management. In its evaluation of director candidates, including the members of the Board eligible for re-election, the Nominating Committee considers a number of factors, including: the current size and composition of the Board, the needs of the Board and the respective committees of the Board, and such factors as judgment, independence, character and integrity, age, area of expertise, diversity of experience, length of service and potential conflicts of interest.
The Nominating Committee of the Board selects director nominees and recommends them to the full Board. In relation to such nomination process, the Nominating Committee:
● determines the criteria for the selection of prospective directors and committee members;
● reviews the composition and size of the Board and its committees to ensure proper expertise and diversity among its members;
● evaluates the performance and contributions of directors eligible for re-election;
● determines the desired qualifications for individual directors and desired skills and characteristics for the Board;
● identifies persons who can provide needed skills and characteristics;
● screens possible candidates for Board membership;
● reviews any potential conflicts of interests between such candidates and the Company’s interests; and
● shares information concerning the candidates with the Board and solicits input from other directors.
The Nominating Committee has specified the following minimum qualifications that it believes must be met by a nominee for a position on the Board: the highest personal and professional ethics and integrity; proven achievement and competence in the nominee’s field and the ability to exercise sound business judgment; skills that are complementary to those of the existing Board; the ability to assist and support management and make significant contributions to our success; the ability to work well with the other directors; the extent of the person’s familiarity with the issues affecting our business; an understanding of the fiduciary responsibilities that are required of a member of the Board; and the commitment of time and energy necessary to diligently carry out those responsibilities. A candidate for director must agree to abide by our Code of Ethics and Conduct.
After completing its evaluation, the Nominating Committee makes a recommendation to the full Board as to the persons who should be nominated to the Board, and the Board determines the nominees after considering the recommendation and report of the Committee.
Our Nominating Committee is comprised of two Directors, whom the Board considers to be independent under the applicable rules and listing standards of Nasdaq and SEC rules and regulations. The Nominating Committee held one meeting during the year ended December 31, 2024. The members of our Nominating Committee are Leroy C. Richie (Chairman), D. Duke Daughtery and Charles M. Anderson.
Board of Directors’ Role in the Oversight of Risk Management
We face a variety of risks, including credit, liquidity, and operational risks. In fulfilling its risk oversight role, our Board focuses on the adequacy of our risk management process and overall risk management system. Our Board believes that an effective risk management system will (i) adequately identify the material risks that we face in a timely manner; (ii) implement appropriate risk management strategies that are responsive to our risk profile and specific material risk exposures; (iii) integrate consideration of risk and risk management into our business decision-making; and (iv) include policies and procedures that adequately transmit necessary information regarding material risks to senior executives and, as appropriate, to the Board or relevant committee.
The Board has designated the Audit Committee to take the lead in overseeing risk management at the Board level. Accordingly, the Audit Committee schedules time for periodic review of risk management, in addition to its other duties. In this role, the Audit Committee receives reports from management, independent registered public accounting firm, outside legal counsel, and other advisors, and strives to generate serious and thoughtful attention to our risk management process and system, the nature of the material risks we face, and the adequacy of our policies and procedures designed to respond to and mitigate these risks.
Although the Board has assigned the primary risk oversight to the Audit Committee, it also periodically receives information about our risk management system and the most significant risks that we face. This is principally accomplished through Audit Committee reports to the Board and summary versions of the briefings provided by management and advisors to the Audit Committee.
In addition to the formal compliance program, our Board and the Audit Committee encourage management to promote a corporate culture that understands risk management and incorporates it into our overall corporate strategy and day-to-day business operations. Our risk management structure also includes an ongoing effort to assess and analyze the most likely areas of future risk for us. As a result, the Board and the Audit Committee periodically ask our executives to discuss the most likely sources of material future risks and how we are addressing any significant potential vulnerability.
Board Leadership Structure
Our Board does not have a policy on whether the roles of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board should be separate and, if they are to be separate, whether the Chairman of the Board should be selected from the non-employee directors or be an employee. Our Board believes that it should be free to make a choice from time to time in any manner that is in the best interest of us and our stockholders. The Board believes that Mr. Ross’s service as both Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board is in the best interest of us and our stockholders. Mr. Ross possesses detailed and in-depth knowledge of the issues, opportunities and challenges we face and is thus best positioned to develop agendas, with the input of Mr. Richie, the lead independent director, to ensure that the Board’s time and attention are focused on the most critical matters. His combined role enables decisive leadership, ensures clear accountability, and enhances our ability to communicate our message and strategy clearly and consistently to our stockholders, employees, customers, and suppliers, particularly during times of turbulent economic and industry conditions.
Our Board also believes that a lead independent director is part of an effective Board leadership structure. To this end, the Board has appointed Mr. Richie as the lead independent director. The independent directors meet regularly in executive sessions at which only they are present, and the lead independent director chairs those sessions. As the lead independent director, Mr. Richie calls meetings of the independent directors as needed; sets the agenda for meetings of the independent directors; presides at meetings of the independent directors; is the principal liaison on Board issues between the independent directors and the Chairman and between the independent directors and management; provides feedback to the Chairman and management on the quality, quantity and timeliness of information sent to the Board; is a member of the Compensation Committee that evaluates the CEO’s performance; and oversees the directors’ evaluation of the Board’s overall performance. The Nominating Committee and the Board believe that its leadership structure, which includes the appointment of a lead independent director, is appropriate because it, among other things, provides for an independent director who gives board member leadership and each of the directors, other than Mr. Ross, is independent. Our Board believes that the independent directors provide effective oversight of management.
Stockholder Communications with the Board of Directors
Stockholders may communicate with the Board by writing to us as follows: Digital Ally, Inc., attention: Corporate Secretary, 6366 College Blvd., Overland Park, Kansas 66211. Stockholders who would like their submission directed to a member of the Board may so specify and the communication will be forwarded as appropriate.
Policy for Director Recommendations and Nominations
Our Nominating Committee will consider candidates for Board membership suggested by Board members, management and our stockholders. The policy of our Nominating Committee is to consider recommendations for candidates to the Board from any stockholder of record in accordance with the Company’s bylaws (the “Bylaws”). A director candidate recommended by our stockholders will be considered in the same manner as a nominee recommended by a Board member, management or other sources. In addition, a stockholder may nominate a person directly for election to the Board at an annual meeting of stockholders, provided the stockholder meets the requirements set forth in our Bylaws. We do not pay a fee to any third party to identify or evaluate or assist in identifying or evaluating potential nominees.
Stockholder Recommendations for Director Nominations. Stockholder recommendations for director nominations may be submitted to the Company at the following address: Digital Ally, Inc., Attention: Corporate Secretary, 6366 College Blvd., Overland Park, Kansas 66215. Such recommendations will be forwarded to the Nominating Committee for consideration, provided that they are accompanied by sufficient information to permit the Board to evaluate the qualifications and experience of the nominees, and they are in time for the Nominating Committee to do an adequate evaluation of the candidate before the Annual Meeting. The submission must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected and to cooperate with a background check.
Stockholder Nominations of Directors. Our Bylaws provide that, in order for a stockholder to nominate a director at an annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholder must give timely written notice to our Secretary and such notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than one-hundred-and-twenty (120) days before the date of our release of the proxy statement to stockholders in connection with our previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders. Such stockholder’s notice shall include, with respect to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director, all information relating to such nominee that is required under the Exchange Act, including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and serving as a director, and cooperating with a background investigation. In addition, the stockholder must include in such notice the name and address, as they appear on our records, of the stockholder proposing the nomination of such person, and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, the class and number of shares of our capital stock that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder of record and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, and any material interest or relationship that such stockholder of record and/or the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made may respectively have in such business or with such nominee. At the request of the Board, any person nominated for election as a director shall furnish to our Secretary the information required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice of nomination that pertains to the nominee.
To be timely in the case of a special meeting or if the date of the annual meeting is changed by more than thirty (30) days from such anniversary date, a stockholder’s notice must be received at our principal executive offices no later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the earlier of the day on which notice of the meeting date was mailed or public disclosure of the meeting date was made.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers serves, or in the past has served, as a member of the Compensation Committee. None of the members of our Compensation Committee is, or has ever been, an officer or employee of the Company.
Code of Ethics and Conduct
Our Board has adopted a Code of Ethics and Conduct that is applicable to all of our employees, officers and directors. Our Code of Ethics and Conduct is intended to ensure that our employees, officers and directors act in accordance with the highest ethical standards. The Code of Ethics and Conduct is available on the Investor Relations page of our website at http://www.digitalally.com and the Code of Ethics and Conduct was filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB filed March 4, 2008.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Under the securities laws of the United States, our directors, executive (and certain other) officers, and any persons holding ten percent or more of our common stock must report on their ownership of the common stock and any changes in that ownership to the SEC. Specific due dates for these reports have been established. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we believe the following reports listed in the table below were required to be filed by such persons pursuant to Section 16(a) and were not filed on a timely basis for each such reporting person:
Name
Number of Late Reports
Description
Han Peng
Mr. Peng’s Form 4 was not filed on timely basis.
Stanton E. Ross
Mr. Ross’ Form 4 was not filed on timely basis.
Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies
We have a written insider trading policy that applies to our directors, officers, employees and contractors, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions. We intend to disclose future amendments to such policy, or any waivers of its requirements, applicable to any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions or our directors on our website identified above or in a current report on Form 8-K that we would file with the SEC.
Our directors and executive officers may adopt written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell shares of our common stock on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The director or officer may amend a Rule 10b5-1 plan in some circumstances and may terminate a plan at any time. Our directors and executive officers also may buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material non-public information subject to compliance with the terms of our insider trading policy.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The Company’s Policies and Practices Related to the Grant of Certain Equity Awards Close in Time to the Release of Material Nonpublic Information
We do not have any formal policy that requires the Company to grant, or avoid granting, equity-based compensation at certain times. We do not grant equity awards in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our common stock, and do not time the public release of such information based on award grant dates. The timing of any equity grants to executive officers or directors in connection with new hires, promotions, or other non-routine grants is tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an executive officer’s commencement of employment or promotion effective date).
During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no equity grants made to our executive officers during any period beginning four business days before the filing of a periodic report or current report disclosing material non-public information and ending one business day after the filing or furnishing of such report with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The following table presents information concerning the total compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) (collectively, the “Named Executive Officers”) for services rendered to the Company in all capacities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Summary Compensation Table
Name and principal position Year Salary
($) Bonus
($) Stock
awards
($)
Option
awards
($) (1)
All other
compensation
($) (2)
Total
($)
Stanton E. Ross $ 112,885 $ - $ 42,600 (3) $ - $ 6,175 $ 161,660
Chairman, CEO and President $ 250,000 $ - $ 87,325 (5) $ - $ 11,200 $ 348,525
Thomas J. Heckman $ 51,923 $ - $ - $ - $ 2,885 $ 54,808
CFO, Treasurer and Secretary $ 120,000 $ - $ 18,713 (6) $ - $ 6,354 $ 145,067
Peng Han $ 112,885 $ - $ 31,950 (4) $ - $ 5,706 $ 150,541
COO $ 250,000 $ - $ 24,950 (7) $ - $ 10,821 $ 285,771
(1) Represents aggregate grant date fair value pursuant to ASC Topic 718 for the respective year for stock options granted.
(2) Amounts included in all other compensation include the following items: the employer contribution to the Company’s 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) on behalf of the named executive. We are required to provide a 100% matching contribution for all who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and a 50% matching contribution for all employees’ elective deferral between 4% and 5%. The employee (i) is 100% vested at all times in the employee contributions and employer matching contributions; (ii) receives Company paid healthcare insurance; (iii) receives Company paid contributions to health savings accounts; and (iv) receives Company paid life, accident and disability insurance. See “All Other Compensation Table” below.
(3) Stock awards include the following restricted stock granted during 2024 to Mr. Ross: 20,000 shares at $2.13 per share that vest 100% on January 31, 2025, subject to Mr. Ross remaining an employee of the Company at that point in time.
(4) Stock awards include the following restricted stock granted during 2024 to Mr. Han: 15,000 shares at $2.13 per share, of which 3,000 shares vested immediately on January 31, 2024 at $2.13 per share and the remaining to vest 3,000 shares annually beginning on January 31, 2025 through January 31, 2028, subject to Mr. Han remaining an employee of the Company at that point in time.
(5) Stock awards include the following restricted stock granted during 2023 to Mr. Ross: 17,500 shares at $4.99 per share that vested 50% on January 10, 2024 and 50% on January 10, 2025, subject to Mr. Ross remaining an employee of the Company at that point in time.
(6) Stock awards include the following restricted stock granted during 2023 to Mr. Heckman: 3,750 shares at $4.99 per share that vested on April 1, 2023.
(7) Stock awards include the following restricted stock granted during 2023 to Mr. Han: 5,000 shares at $4.99 per share that vest 20% annually on the anniversary of January 10 from 2024 to 2028, subject to Mr. Han remaining an employee of the Company at that point in time.
All Other Compensation Table
401(k) Plan Company
paid
Flexible &
health
savings
account
Company
paid life,
accident &
Other
Name Year contribution
by Company
healthcare
insurance
contributions
by Company
disability
insurance
Contractual
payments
Total
Stanton E. Ross $ 4,635 $ - $ 719 $ 821 $ - $ 6,175
Chairman, CEO and President $ 11,200 $ - $ 1,100 $ 821 $ - $ 13,121
Thomas J. Heckman $ 1,869 $ - $ 379 $ 637 $ - $ 2,885
CFO, Treasurer and Secretary $ 4,800 $ - $ 895 $ 659 $ - $ 6,354
Peng Han $ 4,885 $ - $ - $ 821 $ - $ 5,706
COO $ 10,000 $ - $ - $ 821 $ - $ 10,821
Compensation Policy. Our executive compensation plan is based on attracting and retaining qualified professionals who possess the skills and leadership necessary to enable us to achieve earnings and profitability growth to satisfy its stockholders. We must, therefore, create incentives for these executives to achieve both our and individual performance objectives using performance-based compensation programs. No one component is considered by itself, but all forms of the compensation package are considered in total. Wherever possible, objective measurements will be utilized to quantify performance, but many subjective factors still come into play when determining performance.
Compensation Components. The main elements of its compensation package consist of base salary, stock options or restricted stock awards and bonus.
Base Salary. The base salary for each executive officer is reviewed and compared to the prior year, with considerations given for increase or decrease. The review is generally on an annual basis but may take place more often in the discretion of the Compensation Committee.
On January 31, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved the annual base salaries of Stanton E. Ross, Chief Executive Officer, Thomas J. Heckman, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary, and Peng Han, Chief Operating Officer, at $250,000, $120,000, and $250,000, respectively, for 2024. However, the officers voluntarily reduced their salaries throughout 2024 to the amounts indicated in the Summary Compensation Table to support the Company’s cash flow position.
The Compensation Committee plans to review the base salaries for possible adjustments on an annual basis. Base salary adjustments will be based on both individual and our performances and will include both objective and subjective criteria specific to each executive’s role and responsibility with us.
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards. The Compensation Committee determined stock option and restricted stock awards based on numerous factors, some of which include responsibilities incumbent with the role of each executive with us, tenure with us, as well as our performance. The vesting period of options and restricted stock is also tied, in some instances, to our performance directly related to certain executive’s responsibilities with us. The Compensation Committee determined that Messrs. Ross and Han were eligible for awards of stock options or restricted stock in 2024 based on their performance. Refer to the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table below for restricted stock awards made in 2024. The Committee also determined that Messrs. Ross, Heckman, and Han would be eligible in 2024 for awards of restricted stock or stock options. On January 31, 2024, the Compensation Committee awarded Stanton E. Ross 20,000 shares of restricted common stock that will vest 100% on January 31, 2025 provided that he remains an officer on such dates. Peng Han was awarded 15,000 shares of restricted common stock, of which 3,000 shares vested immediately on January 31, 2024 at $2.13 per share and the remaining to vest 3,000 shares annually beginning on January 31, 2025 through January 31, 2028, provided that he remains an officer on such dates.
Bonuses. The Compensation Committee determined to award no bonuses to each of the executive officers in 2023 and 2024, as set forth in the foregoing table. Refer to the “Summary Compensation Table” above.
Other. In July 2008, we amended and restated our 401(k) Plan. The amended 401(k) Plan requires us to provide a 100% matching contribution for employees who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and a 50% matching contribution for employees’ elective deferrals between 4% and 5%. We have made matching contributions for executives who elected to contribute to the 401(k) Plan during 2024. Each participant is 100% vested at all times in employee and employer matching contributions. Mr. Heckman, as trustee of the 401(k) Plan, holds the voting power as to the shares of our common stock held in the 401(k) Plan. We have no profit-sharing plan in place for our employees. However, we may consider adding such a plan to provide yet another level of compensation to our compensation plan.
The following table presents information concerning the grants of plan-based awards to the Named Executive Officers during the year ended December 31, 2024:
Grants of Plan-Based Awards
Name Grant date Date
approved by
Compensation
Committee
All other stock awards: Number of shares of stock or units:
(#) (1)
(2)
Exercise or base price of option awards
($/Share) Grant date fair value of stock awards
($) (2)
Stanton E. Ross
Chairman and CEO January 31, 2024 January 31, 2024 20,000 (1) $ 2.13 $ 42,600
Thomas J. Heckman
CFO, Treasurer and Secretary - - - $ - $ -
Peng Han
COO January 31, 2024 January 31, 2024 15,000 (1) $ 2.13 $ 31,950
(1) These restricted stock awards were made under the Digital Ally, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plans and vest over a one-year period (100% on January 31, 2025) contingent upon whether the individual is still employed by us at that point.
(2) Stock awards noted represent the aggregate amount of grant date fair value as determined under ASC Topic 718. Please refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements that appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024, for a further description of the awards and the underlying assumptions utilized to determine the amount of grant date fair value related to such grants.
Employment Contracts; Termination of Employment and Change-in-Control Arrangements
We do not have any employment agreements with any of our executive officers. However, on December 23, 2008, we entered into retention agreements with the following executive officers: Stanton E. Ross and Thomas J. Heckman. In April 2018 we amended these agreements.
Retention Agreements - Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control
The following table sets forth for each named executive officer potential post-employment payments and payments on a change in control and assumes that the triggering event took place on January 1, 2024 and that the amendments to the retention agreements of each person were in effect.
Retention Agreement Compensation
Name Change in control
payment due based
upon successful completion of transaction
Severance payment
due based on
termination after
Change of
Control occurs
Total
Stanton E. Ross $ 125,000 $ 500,000 $ 625,000
Thomas J. Heckman $ 115,000 $ 460,000 $ 575,000
Total $ 240,000 $ 960,000 $ 1,200,000
The retention agreements guarantee the executive officers’ specific payments and benefits upon a Change in Control of the Company. The retention agreements also provide for specified severance benefits if, after a Change in Control of the Company occurs, the executive officer voluntarily terminates employment for “Good Reason” or is involuntarily terminated without “Cause.”
Under the retention agreements, a “Change in Control” means (i) one party alone, or acting with others, has acquired or gained control over more than 50% of the voting shares of the Company; (ii) the Company merges or consolidates with or into another entity or completes any other corporate reorganization, if more than 50% of the combined voting power of the surviving entity’s securities outstanding immediately after such merger, consolidation or other reorganization is owned by persons who were not stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger, consolidation or other reorganization; (iii) a majority of the Board is replaced and/or dismissed by the stockholders of the Company without the recommendation of or nomination by the Company’s current Board; (iv) the Company’s CEO is replaced and/or dismissed by stockholders without the approval of the Board; or (v) the Company sells, transfers or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and the Company does not own stock in the purchaser or purchasers having more than 50% of the voting power of the entity owning all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company after such purchase.
“Good Reason” means either (i) a material adverse change in the executive’s status as an executive or other key employee of the Company, including without limitation, a material adverse change in the executive’s position, authority, or aggregate duties or responsibilities; (ii) any adverse change in the executive’s base salary, target bonus or benefits; or (iii) a request by the Company to materially change the executive’s geographic work location.
“Cause” means (i) the executive has acted in bad faith and to the detriment of the Company; (ii) the executive has refused or failed to act in accordance with any specific lawful and material direction or order of his or her supervisor; (iii) the executive has exhibited, in regard to employment, unfitness or unavailability for service, misconduct, dishonesty, habitual neglect, incompetence, or has committed an act of embezzlement, fraud or theft with respect to the property of the Company; (iv) the executive has abused alcohol or drugs on the job or in a manner that affects the executive’s job performance; and/or (v) the executive has been found guilty of or has plead nolo contendere to the commission of a crime involving dishonesty, breach of trust, or physical or emotional harm to any person. Prior to termination for Cause, the Company shall give the executive written notice of the reason for such potential termination and provide the executive a 30-day period to cure such conduct or act or omission alleged to provide grounds for such termination.
If any Change in Control occurs and the executive continues to be employed as of the completion of such Change in Control, upon completion of such Change in Control, as payment for the executive’s additional efforts during such Change in Control, the Company shall pay the executive a Change in Control benefit payment equal to three months of the his base salary at the rate in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control completion date, payable in a lump sum net of required tax withholdings. If any Change in Control occurs, and if, during the one-year period following the Change in Control, the Company terminates the executive’s employment without Cause or the executive submits a resignation for Good Reason (the effective date of such termination or resignation, the “Termination Date”), then:
a) The Company shall pay the executive severance pay equal to 12 months of his base salary at the higher of the rate in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date or the rate in effect immediately prior to the occurrence of the event or events constituting Good Reason, payable on the Termination Date in a lump sum net of required tax withholdings, plus all other amounts then payable by the Company to the executive less any amounts then due and owing from the executive to the Company;
b) The Company shall provide continuation of the executive’s health benefits at the Company’s expense for 18 months following the Termination Date; and
c) The executive’s outstanding employee stock options shall fully vest and be exercisable for a 90-day period following the Termination Date.
The executive is not entitled to the above severance benefits for a termination based on death or disability, resignation without Good Reason or termination for Cause. Following the Termination Date, the Company shall also pay the executive all reimbursements for expenses in accordance with the Company’ policies, within ten days of submission of appropriate evidence thereof by the executive.
The following table presents information concerning the outstanding equity awards for the Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2024:
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
Option Awards Stock Awards
Name Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) exercisable (1) Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) unexercisable Equity incentive plan awards: Number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options (#) Option exercise price ($) Option expiration date Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested (1) Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested (2) Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested Equity incentive plan awards: Market or Payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested
Stanton E. Ross
Chairman and CEO
- - - - 28,750 $ 15,238 - $ -
Thomas J. Heckman
CFO, Treasurer and Secretary - - - - - - $ - - $ -
Peng Han
COO - - - - - 19,000 $ 10,070 - $ -
(1) These stock option and restricted stock awards were made under the Digital Ally, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plans and vest over the prescribed period contingent upon whether the individual is still employed by the Company at that point.
(2) Market value based upon the closing market price of $0.53 on December 31, 2024.
The following table presents information concerning the stock options exercised and the vesting of restricted stock awards during 2024 for the Named Executive Officers for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Option Exercises and Restricted Stock Vested
Option Awards Stock Awards
Number of
Shares acquired realized on exercise
(#)
Value realized
on exercise
($)
Number of Shares acquired on vesting
(#) Value on vesting
($)
Stanton E. Ross
Chairman and CEO - $ - 17,500 $ 37,450 (1)
Thomas J. Heckman
CFO, Treasurer and Secretary - $ - - $ -
Peng Han
COO - $ - 5,000 $ 10,670 (2)
(1) Based on the closing market price of our common stock of $2.19 on January 10, 2024, the date of vesting for 8,750 shares of common stock, and the closing market price of our common stock of $2.09 on January 7, 2024, the date of vesting for 8,750 shares of common stock for Mr. Ross.
(2) Based on the closing market price of our common stock of $2.13 on January 31, 2024, the date of vesting for 3,000 shares of common stock, the closing market price of our common stock of $2.09 on January 7, 2024, the date of vesting for and the closing market price of our common stock of $2.19 on January 10, 2024, the date of vesting for 1,000 shares of common stock for Mr. Han.
The number of stock options and restricted stock awards that an employee, director, or consultant may receive under our Plans (defined below under “Information Regarding Plans and Other Arrangements Not Subject to Security Holder Action”) is in the discretion of the administrator and therefore cannot be determined in advance. The Board’s policy in 2024 was to grant officers an award of 20,000 restricted shares of common stock to our CEO and 15,000 restricted shares of common stock to our COO and each non-employee director no award of options or restricted stock, all subject to vesting requirements.
The following table sets forth (a) the aggregate number of shares of common stock subject to options granted under the Plans during the year ended December 31, 2024 and (b) the average per share exercise price of such options.
Number of
Restricted
Shares of Number of Average per
Common Options Share Exercise
Name of Individual or Group Stock Granted Granted Price
Stanton E. Ross, Chairman of the Board of Directors & CEO 20,000 - $ -
Leroy C. Richie, Director - - $ -
Thomas J. Heckman, Vice President, CFO, Treasurer & Secretary - - $ -
Peng Han, COO 15,000 - $ -
All executive officers, as a group 35,000 - $ -
All directors who are not executive officers, as a group - - $ -
All employees who are not executive officers, as a group 45,197 - $ -
Director Compensation
Our non-employee directors received no stock option or restricted stock grants as noted in the “Director Compensation” table below for their service on the Board in 2024, including on the Audit, Nominating and Compensation Committees.
Director compensation for the year ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:
Director Compensation
Name Fees earned or paid in cash
($) Stock awards
($) Option awards
($) (2) Total
($)
Stanton E. Ross, Chairman of the Board of Directors (1) $ - $ - $ - $ -
Leroy C. Richie (2) $ 15,000 $ - $ - $ 15,000
D Duke Daughtery (2) $ 13,750 $ - $ - $ 13,750
Charles M Anderson (3) $ - $ - $ - $ -
(1) As a Named Executive Officer, Mr. Ross’s compensation and option awards are fully reflected in the “Summary Compensation” table, and elsewhere under “Executive Compensation.” He did not receive compensation, stock awards or options for his services as a director.
(2) The Board suspended their cash fees for the second, third and fourth quarters of 2024. The amounts shown represent the respective Director’s accrued but unpaid fees for the first quarter of 2024.
(3) Mr. Anderson was appointed to the Board on December 17, 2024. Therefore, he received no director fees or stock-based compensation for services as a director during the year ended December 31, 2024.
On November 17, 2023, our Board adopted a clawback policy (the “Clawback Policy”) permitting the Company to seek the recovery of incentive compensation received by any of the Company’s current and former executive officers (as determined by the board in accordance with Section 10D of the Exchange Act) and such other senior executives/employees who may from time to time be deemed subject to the Clawback Policy by the board (collectively, the “Covered Executives”). The amount to be recovered will be the excess of the incentive compensation paid to the Covered Executive based on the erroneous data over the incentive compensation that would have been paid to the Covered Executive had it been based on the restated results, as determined by the board. If the board cannot determine the amount of excess incentive compensation received by the Covered Executive directly from the information in the accounting restatement, then it will make its determination based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the accounting restatement.
Outstanding Stock Options Held by Directors
The following table presents information concerning the outstanding equity awards for the Board as of December 31, 2024:
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
Equity
incentive
plan
awards:
Number of Number of Number of
securities securities securities
underlying underlying underlying Option
unexercised unexercised unexercised exercise Option
options (#) options (#) unearned price expiration
Name exercisable unexercisable options (#) ($) date
Stanton E. Ross
Chairman, CEO and President - - - $ - -
Leroy C. Richie
Lead Outside Director 5,000
$ 33.40 7/8/2031
3,750
$ 41.80 5/1/2030
3,000
$ 60.20 5/24/2029
2,500
$ 44.00 7/5/2028
1,500
$ 60.00 8/14/2027
- - $ 78.40 5/11/2026
D Duke Daughtery
Director -
- $ - -
Charles M Anderson
Director -
- $ - -
Pay Versus Performance
The following table sets forth compensation information for our Chief Executive Officer, Stanton E. Ross, referred to in the tables below as the PEO, and our Chief Financial Officer, Thomas J. Heckman, and our Chief Operating Officer, Peng Han, referred to in the tables below as the Non-PEO NEOs, for purposes of comparing their respective compensation to our net loss, calculated in accordance with SEC regulations, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Average
Summary Average
Summary Compensation Compensation Compensation
Compensation Actually Table Total for Actually Paid Net
Table Total Paid to Non-PEO to Non-PEO Income
Year for PEO PEO NEOs NEOs (Loss)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
$ 161,660 $ 116,097 $ 102,675 $ 88,325 $ (21,715,725 )
$ 348,525 $ 279,525 $ 215,419 $ 205,552 $ (25,463,949 )
(1) The dollar amounts reported are the amounts of total compensation reported for Mr. Ross in the Summary Compensation Table for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2) The dollar amounts reported represent the amount of “compensation actually paid”, as computed in accordance with SEC rules. The dollar amounts reported are the amounts of total compensation reported for Mr. Ross during the applicable year, but also include (i) the year-end fair value of equity awards granted during the reported year that are outstanding and unvested, (ii) the change in the fair value of equity awards that were outstanding and unvested at the end of the prior year, measured through the date on which the awards vested, or through the end of the reported fiscal year, and (iii) the fair value of equity awards that were issued and vested during the reported fiscal year. See the table under “PEO Equity Award Adjustment Breakout” below for further information.
(3) The dollar amounts reported are the average total compensation reported for our Non-PEO NEO in the Summary Compensation Table for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(4) The dollar amounts reported represent the average amount of “compensation actually paid”, as computed in accordance with SEC rules, for our Non-PEO NEOs. The dollar amounts reported are the average total compensation reported for our Non-PEO NEOs in the Summary Compensation Table for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, but also include (i) the year-end fair value of equity awards granted during the reported year that are outstanding and unvested, (ii) the change in the fair value of equity awards that were outstanding and unvested at the end of the prior year, measured through the date on which the awards vested, or through the end of the reported fiscal year, and (iii) the fair value of equity awards that were issued and vested during the reported fiscal year. See the table under “Non-PEO NEOs Equity Award Adjustment Breakout” below for further information.
PEO Equity Award Adjustment Breakout
To calculate the amounts in the “Compensation Actually Paid to PEO” column in the table above, the following amounts were deducted from and added to (as applicable) our PEO’s “Total” compensation as reported in the Summary Compensation Table:
Fair Value
Increase or
Fair
Fair Value
Decrease
Value
Year over
Fair
from
as of Year
Year
Value of
Prior Year
Reported
End for
Increase or
Awards
end for
Value of
Awards
Decrease in
Granted
Awards
Summary
Equity
Granted
Unvested
and
that
Compensation
Awards
During
Awards
Vested
Vested
Compensation
Table Total
for
The
Granted in
During
during
Actually Paid
Year
for PEO
PEO(1)
Year
Prior Years
the Year
the Year
to PEO
$ 161,660
$ (42,600 )
$ 10,600
$ (13,913 )
$
$
$ 116,097
$ 348,525
$ (87,325 )
$ 37,100
$ (21,700 )
$
$ 2,925
$ 279,525
(1) Represents the grant date fair value of the equity awards to our PEO, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.
Non-PEO NEOs Equity Award Adjustment Breakout
To calculate the amounts in the “Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs” column in the table above, the following amounts were deducted from and added to (as applicable) the “Total” compensation of our Non-PEO NEOs as reported in the Summary Compensation Table:
Summary
Compensation
Table Total
for Non-PEO
Reported Value of Equity
Awards
for
Non-PEO
Fair Value as of Year End for Awards Granted
During
The
Fair Value Year over Year Increase or Decrease in
Unvested
Awards
Granted in
Prior
Fair
Value
of
Awards
Granted
and
Vested
During
the
Fair Value Increase or Decrease from Prior Year end for Awards
that
Vested
during
Compensation
Actually Paid
to Non-PEO
Year (1) NEOs NEOs(2) Year Years Year the Year NEOs
$ 102,675 $ (15,975 ) $ 3,975 $ (5,565 ) $ 3,195 $ 20 $ 88,325
$ 215,419 $ (12,475 ) $ 5,300 $ (4,960 ) $ -0- $ 2,268 $ 205,552
(1) All the amounts are average for Non-PEO NEOs.
(2) Represents the grant date fair value of the equity awards to our Non-PEO NEOs, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Common stock for:
● each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock;
● each of our executive officers;
● each of our directors; and
● all of our current executive officers and directors as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC and generally means that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power of that security, including securities that are currently exercisable or exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 30, 2025. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown that they beneficially own, subject to community property laws where applicable.
Common stock subject to securities currently exercisable or exercisable within sixty (60) days of April 30, 2025 are deemed to be outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such securities and the percentage ownership of any group of which the holder is a member but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o Digital Ally, Inc., 6366 College Blvd., Overland Park, KS 66211
Number of Shares of Common
Stock Beneficially Owned (1)
% of Total
Shares
%
Voting Power
5% or Greater Stockholders:
None
-
- %
- %
Executive Officers and Directors:
Stanton E. Ross(2)
136,065
*
*
Leroy C. Richie(3)
18,211
*
*
D. Duke Daughtery
1,405
*
*
Thomas J. Heckman(4)
138,968
*
*
Peng Han(5)
28,781
*
*
Charles M. Anderson
-
*
*
All executive officers and directors as a group (six individuals)
323,430
0.28 %
0.28 %
* Represents less than 1%.
(1) Based on 115,601,371 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of April 30, 2025 and, with respect only to the ownership by all executive officers and directors as a group.
(2) Mr. Ross’s total shares of common stock include 17,500 restricted shares that are subject to forfeiture to us.
(3) Mr. Richie’s total shares of common stock include 16,250 shares of common stock to be received upon the exercise of vested options.
(4) Mr. Heckman’s total shares of common stock include 85,401 shares of common stock held in the Company’s 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) (on December 31, 2024) as to which Mr. Heckman has voting power as trustee of the 401(k) Plan.
(5) Mr. Han’s total shares of common stock include (i) 17,000 restricted shares that are subject to forfeiture to us and (ii) 331 shares of common stock to be received upon the exercise of vested options.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had adopted ten separate stock option and restricted stock plans: (i) the 2005 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2005 Plan”), (ii) the 2006 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”), (iii) the 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”), (iv) the 2008 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”), (v) the 2011 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2011 Plan”), (vi) the 2013 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2013 Plan”), (vii) the 2015 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”), (viii) the 2018 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2018 Plan”), (ix) the 2020 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2020 Plan”), and (x) the 2022 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The 2005 Plan, 2006 Plan, 2007 Plan, 2008 Plan, 2011 Plan, 2013 Plan, 2015 Plan, 2018 Plan, 2020 Plan and 2022 Plan are referred to as the “Plans.”
Stock option grants. The Company believes that such awards better align the interests of our employees with those of its stockholders. Option awards have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of its stock at the date of grant with such option awards generally vesting based on the completion of continuous service and having ten-year contractual terms. These option awards typically provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans). The Company has registered all shares of common stock that are issuable under its Plans with the SEC. A total of 137,042 shares remained available for awards under the various Plans as of December 31, 2024.
The Plans authorize us to grant (i) to the key employees incentive stock options (except for the 2007 Plan) to purchase shares of Common Stock and non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock and restricted stock awards, and (ii) to non-employee directors and consultants’ non-qualified stock options and restricted stock. The Compensation Committee of our Board (the “Compensation Committee”) administers the Plans by making recommendations to the Board or determinations regarding the persons to whom options or restricted stock should be granted and the amount, terms, conditions and restrictions of the awards.
The Plans allow for the grant of incentive stock options (except for the 2007 Plan), non-qualified stock options and restricted stock awards. Incentive stock options granted under the Plans must have an exercise price at least equal to 100% of the fair market value of the Common Stock as of the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted to any person who owns, immediately after the grant, stock possessing more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of our stock, or of any parent or subsidiary corporation, must have an exercise price at least equal to 110% of the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant. Non-statutory stock options may have exercise prices as determined by our Compensation Committee.
The Compensation Committee is also authorized to grant restricted stock awards under the Plans. A restricted stock award is a grant of shares of the Common Stock that is subject to restrictions on transferability, risk of forfeiture and other restrictions and that may be forfeited in the event of certain terminations of employment or service prior to the end of a restricted period specified by the Compensation Committee.
We have filed various registration statements on Form S-8 and amendments to previously filed Form S-8’s with SEC, which registered a total of 408,750 shares of Common Stock issued or to be issued underlying the awards under the Plans.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Plans as of December 31, 2024:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders 52,500 $ 45.14 408,750
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders - $ - -
Total all plans 52,500 $ 45.14 408,750

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Transactions with Managing Member of Nobility Healthcare
The Company accrued reimbursable expenses payable to Nobility, LLC totaling $245,716 and $619,301 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Total management fees accrued and payable in accordance with the operating agreement totaled $38,625 and $49,014 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The company recorded management fee expense of $67,905 and $169,075 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Transactions with Related Party of TicketSmarter
On September 22, 2023, a trust, the beneficiaries of which are TicketSmarter’s Chief Executive Officer and his spouse, made a loan in the amount of $2,325,000 to TicketSmarter to support TicketSmarter’s operations. On October 2, 2023 an additional $375,000 was advanced to Ticketsmarter. The transaction was recorded as a related party note payable (the “TicketSmarter Related Party Note”). The TicketSmarter Related Party Note bears interest of 13.25% per annum with repayment beginning January 2, 2024. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the entire TicketSmarter Related Party note balance totaled $2,700,000, and is classified as current, with an accrued interest balance of $488,711 and $95,031, respectively. The use of proceeds of the TicketSmarter Related Party Note was to resolve numerous outstanding payables at a discounted rate, the discount received to resolve such outstanding payables is recognized as a gain on extinguishment of liabilities on the statement of operations. Additionally, these negotiations relieved TicketSmarter of numerous future obligations following fiscal year 2023.
On August 19, 2024, the parties agreed to amend the note whereby the repayment dates were extended to begin on January 2, 2025 and continue at $54,000 for 50 consecutive weeks plus interest. The parties did not change any other provisions or terms of the note. The amendment was determined to be a modification of the note rather than an extinguishment and reissuance of a new note. No payments have been made to date in 2025.
Company Related Party Note
On August 22, 2024, Digital Ally’s Chief Executive Officer, made a loan in the amount of $100,000 to the Company to support its operations. In addition, on October 24, 2024, Digital Ally’s Chief Executive Officer, made an additional loan in the amount of $40,000 to the Company to support its operations. These transactions were recorded as related party notes payable (the “Company Related Party Notes”). The Company Related Party Notes bear interest at prime rate (8.00% as of December 31, 2024) per annum with repayment due on demand. As of December 31, 2024, the entire Company Related Party note of $140,000, is classified as current, with an accrued interest balance of $3,465.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
Audit and Related Fees
The following table is a summary of the fees billed to us by RBSM LLP for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Fee Category Fiscal
2024 fees
Fiscal
2023 fees
Audit fees $ 275,000 $ 312,500
Audit-related fees 165,000 145,000
Tax fees - -
All other fees - -
Total fees $ 440,000 $ 457,500
Audit Fees. Such amount consists of fees billed for professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements and review of the interim financial statements included in our quarterly reports. It also includes services that are normally provided by our independent registered public accounting firms in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
Audit-Related Fees. Consists of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include employee benefit plan audits, consents issued for certain filings with the SEC, accounting consultations in connection with acquisitions, attest services that are not required by statute or regulation, and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.
Tax Fees. Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services related to tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These services include assistance regarding federal, state and international tax compliance, tax audit defense, customs and duties, mergers and acquisitions, and international tax planning.
All Other Fees. Consists of fees for products and services other than the services reported above.
The Audit Committee’s practice is to consider and approve in advance all proposed audit and non-audit services to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. All the fees shown above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1. Consolidated Financial Statements:
The consolidated financial statements required to be included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, begin on Page and are submitted as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statement Schedules:
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or are not required, or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
3. Exhibits:
Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibit
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 23, 2022, between Digital Ally, Inc. and DGLY Subsidiary. (13)
2.2
Mutual Termination and Release Agreement, dated November 7, 2024, by and among Clover Leaf Capital Corp., CL Merger Sub, Inc., Yntegra Capital Investments LLC, in the capacity as the Purchaser Representative, Kustom Entertainment, Inc. and Digital Ally, Inc. (32)
3.1(i)(a)
Articles of Incorporation. (13)
3.1(i)(b)
Articles of Merger. (13)
3.1(i)(c)
Certificate of Amendment to Digital Ally, Inc.’s Articles of Incorporation, dated December 8, 2022. (16)
3.1(i)(d)
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Digital Ally, Inc., dated February 6, 2023. (17)
3.1(i)(e)
Certificate of Correction to Articles of Incorporation of Digital Ally, Inc., dated October 28, 2024. (30)
3.1(i)(f)
Certificate of Correction to Articles of Incorporation of Digital Ally, Inc., dated October 30, 2024. (30)
3.1(ii)(a)
Bylaws (13)
3.1(ii)(b)
Amendment to Bylaws (32)
4.1
Form of Common Stock Certificate. (36)
4.2
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 13, 2022, by and among Digital Ally, Inc. and the investors named therein. (14)
4.3
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 5, 2023, between Digital Ally, Inc. and certain Purchasers, who are signatories thereto. (20)
4.4
Form of Warrant of Digital Ally, Inc., dated April 5, 2023. (20)
4.5
Revolving Note, dated October 26, 2023, issued by Digital Ally, Inc.to Kompass Kapital Funding, LLC. (22)
4.6
Form of Senior Secured Promissory Note, issued by Digital Ally, Inc., dated March 1, 2024 (23)
4.7
Certificate of Withdrawal of Certificate of Designation of Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (24)
4.8
Certificate of Withdrawal of Certificate of Designation of Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (24)
4.9
Form of Series A Warrant of Digital Ally, Inc., dated June 25, 2024. (25)
4.10
Form of Series B Warrant of Digital Ally, Inc., dated June 25, 2024. (25)
4.11
Form of Pre-Funded Warrant of Digital Ally, Inc., dated June 25, 2024. (25)
4.12
Form of Series A Warrant of Digital Ally, Inc., dated February 14, 2025. (35)
4.13
Form of Series B Warrant of Digital Ally, Inc., dated February 14, 2025. (35)
4.14
Form of Pre-Funded Warrant of Digital Ally, Inc., dated February 14, 2025. (35)
4.15
Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. (19)
10.1
2005 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan. (2)
10.2
2006 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan. (2)
10.3
Form of Stock Option Agreement (ISO and Non-Qualified) 2005 Stock Option Plan. (2)
10.4
Form of Stock Option Agreement (ISO and Non-Qualified) 2006 Stock Option Plan. (2)
10.5
Forms of Restricted Stock Agreement for 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plans. (3)
10.6
2011 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (4)
10.7
Form of Stock Option Agreement for 2011 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (4)
10.8
Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (5)
10.9
Form of 2015 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan Restricted Stock Grant Agreement. (19)
10.10
Digital Ally, Inc. 2018 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan. (7)
10.11
Form of 2018 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan Restricted Stock Grant Agreement. (19)
10.12
Digital Ally, Inc. 2020 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan. (8)
10.13
Amendment to Digital Ally, Inc. 2020 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan. (9)
10.14
Form of 2020 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan Restricted Stock Grant Agreement. (19)
10.15
Digital Ally, Inc. 2022 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan. (15)
10.16
Form of 2022 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan Restricted Stock Grant Agreement under the 2022 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan. (18)
10.17
Proceeds Investment Agreement, dated as July 31, 2018, by and between Digital Ally, Inc. and Brickell Key Investments LP. (6)
10.18
Letter Agreement, dated as July 31, 2018, by and between Digital Ally, Inc. and Brickell Key Investments LP. (6)
10.19
Commercial Real Estate Sales Contract, dated February 24, 2021, between Digital Ally, Inc. and DDG Holding, LLC. (10)
10.20
Form of Operating Agreement of Nobility Healthcare, LLC, dated June 1, 2021. (11)
10.21
Unit Purchase Agreement, dated September 2, 2021. (12)
10.22
Form of Exchange Agreement, dated August 23, 2022. (13)
10.23
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated October 13, 2022, between Digital Ally, Inc. and the investors thereto. (14)
10.24
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 5, 2023, between Digital Ally, Inc. and certain Purchasers who are signatories thereto. (20)
10.25
Form of Security Agreement, dated April 5, 2023, between Digital Ally, Inc. and certain holders of Digital Ally, Inc.’s Senior Secured Convertible Notes who are signatories thereto. (20)
10.26
Form of Trademark Security Agreement, dated April 5, 2023, between Digital Ally, Inc. and a lender. (20)
10.27
Form of Patent Security Agreement, dated April 5, 2023, between Digital Ally, Inc. and between Digital Ally, Inc. and a lender. (20)
10.28
Form of Subsidiary Guaranty, dated April 5, 2023, by and among Digital Ally, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and a lender. (20)
10.29
Loan and Security Agreement, dated October 26, 2023, by and between Digital Ally, Inc., Digital Ally Healthcare, LLC, and Kompass Kapital Funding, LLC. (22)
10.30
Mortgage, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing, dated October 26, 2023, by and between Digital Ally, Inc. and Kompass Kapital Funding, LLC. (22)
10.31
Lock-Up Agreement, dated June 1, 2023, by and between Clover Leaf Capital Corp., Yntegra Capital Investments, LLC, and Digital Ally, Inc. (21)
10.32
Amendment to Lock-Up Agreement, dated June 24, 2024, by and between Clover Leaf Capital Corp., Yntegra Capital Investments, LLC, and Digital Ally, Inc. (25)
10.33
Form of Note Purchase Agreement, dated March 1, 2024, by and between Digital Ally, Inc., Kustom Entertainment, Inc., and Mosh Man LLC (23)
10.34
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated September 25, 2024, by and between Digital Ally, Inc., Kustom Entertainment, Inc., and Mosh Man LLC (29)
10.35
Form of Security Agreement, dated March 1, 2024, by and between Digital Ally, Inc., Kustom Entertainment, Inc., and any Additional Grantor (23)
10.36
Form of Asset Purchase Agreement, dated March 1, 2024, by and between JC Entertainment, LLC, and Kustom 440, Inc. (23)
10.37
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 25, 2024, between Digital Ally, Inc. and the investors thereto. (25)
10.38
Letter Agreement, dated July 13, 2024, by and between Digital Ally, Inc., Kustom Entertainment, Inc., and Mosh Man LLC (26)
10.39
Letter Agreement, dated September 12, 2024, by and between Digital Ally, Inc., Kustom Entertainment, Inc., and Mosh Man LLC (28)
10.40
Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated August 2, 2024, by and between Digital Ally, Inc. and Serenity Now, LLC (27)
10.41
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 6, 2024, between Digital Ally, Inc. and the investors thereto. (31)
10.42
Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 11, 2024, between Digital Ally, Inc. and the investors thereto. (33)
10.43
Form of Subsidiary Guaranty, dated November 13, 2024, by and among Digital Ally, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. (34)
14.1
Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct. (1)
21.1
Subsidiaries of Registrant (36)
23.1
Consent of RBSM LLP *
24.1
Power of Attorney *
31.1
Certificate of Stanton E. Ross, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
31.2
Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
32.1
Certificate of Stanton E. Ross, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
32.2
Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
Digital Ally, Inc. Clawback Policy (36)
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document **
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema **
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase **
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase **
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase **
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
*Filed herewith.
** The XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability of that Section and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document.
(1) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10KSB for the Year ended December 31, 2007.
(2) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s October 2006 Form SB-2.
(3) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10K for the Year ended December 31, 2009.
(4) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed June 1, 2011.
(5) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form S-8 filed May 23, 2016.
(6) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed August 2, 2018.
(7) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed August 20, 2018.
(8) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed November 16, 2020.
(9) Filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed April 27, 2021.
(10) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed May 3, 2021.
(11) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed June 9, 2021.
(12) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed September 9, 2021.
(13) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed August 23, 2022.
(14) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed October 19, 2022.
(15) Filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed October 28, 2022.
(16) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed December 8, 2022.
(17) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed February 7, 2023.
(18) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed February 28, 2023.
(19) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10K for the Year ended December 31, 2022.
(20) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed April 7, 2023.
(21) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed June 6, 2023.
(22) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed October 27, 2023.
(23) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed March 5, 2024
(24) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed April 5, 2024
(25) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed June 28, 2024
(26) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed July 18, 2024
(27) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed August 6, 2024
(28) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed September 13, 2024
(29) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed September 27, 2024
(30) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed November 1, 2024
(31) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed November 7, 2024
(32) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed November 8, 2024
(33) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed December 11, 2024
(34) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed November 15, 2024
(35) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K filed February 19, 2025
(36) Filed as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed April 1, 2024
(b) No financial statement schedules have been provided because the information is not required or is shown either in the financial statements or the notes thereto.