EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1124198
Filing Year: 2024
Filename: 1124198_10-K_2024_0001628280-24-005451.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Fluor is building a better world by applying world-class expertise in order to solve our clients' greatest challenges. We provide professional and technical solutions that deliver safe, well-executed, capital-efficient projects to our clients around the globe. Fluor Corporation was incorporated in Delaware in September 2000. However, through our predecessors, we have been in business for more than 110 years, providing services that have formed the essential building blocks of development and progress over that time. We believe we are poised to continue helping our clients meet similar needs into the foreseeable future.
Acting through our many subsidiaries and interests in joint ventures, we are one of the larger global professional services firms providing EPC, fabrication and modularization, and project management services. We provide these services to our clients in diverse industries worldwide including advanced technologies and manufacturing, chemicals, infrastructure, life sciences, LNG, mining and metals, nuclear project services, energy transition, and oil and gas production and fuels. We are also a service provider to the U.S. federal government and governments abroad.
We operate our business through 3 principal segments: Energy Solutions, Urban Solutions and Mission Solutions. We also have a smaller Other segment.
Strategic Priorities
Since January 2021, we have been guided by 4 strategic priorities for driving value creation for our shareholders:
•Drive growth across our portfolio, by diversifying markets outside of the traditional oil and gas sector, including energy transition, advanced technology and life sciences, high-demand metals, infrastructure and nuclear and civil, defense and intelligence for governments;
•Pursue contracts with fair and balanced commercial terms, focusing on more favorable, risk-adjusted agreements that reward Fluor for delivering value to our clients;
•Reinforce financial discipline, maintaining a solid balance sheet by generating predictable cash flow and earnings with right-sized cost structure; and
•Foster a high-performance culture with purpose, through excellence in execution, which brings value to all our stakeholders, and by advancing our social agenda such as our inclusion efforts and environmental sustainability.
In 2023, we continued to make progress on our strategic priorities. 65% of our revenue in 2023 was from outside of our traditional oil and gas markets. As of December 31, 2023, 76% of our backlog is reimbursable. In August 2023, we issued $575 million in convertible senior notes due 2029 and principally used the proceeds to repay or purchase securities that were used to repay the 2024 Notes. In September 2023 we converted our CPS into common stock.
Our Core Values
Our Core Values serve as our behavioral compass, guiding all of our actions. They are not only what we believe, they are the foundation of how we achieve our purpose to build a better world.
SAFETY INTEGRITY TEAMWORK EXCELLENCE
We care for each other We do what is right We work better together We deliver solutions
Living Safer TogetherSM promotes the well-being of all people, our communities and the environment.
Trust, accountability and fairness define our character. Collectively we thrive when we include, respect and empower one another. Our high-performance teams embrace opportunities, solve challenges and continuously improve.
Competitive Strengths
As a world-class provider of technical and professional services, we believe that we bring capital efficient business solutions to our clients. We believe that our business advantages and global positioning provide us with significant competitive strengths, including:
Safety. Maintaining a safe and secure workplace is a key business driver for us and our clients. In our experience, whether in an office or at a jobsite, a safe environment decreases risks, provides for the well-being of all workers, enhances
morale, improves productivity, reduces project cost and generally improves client relationships. We believe that our commitment to safety is one of our most distinguishing features.
Global Execution Platform. As one of the larger publicly-traded EPC companies, we have a global footprint with employees located throughout the world. Our global presence enables us to build local relationships to capitalize on opportunities as well as mobilize quickly to project sites around the world and to draw on our local knowledge and talent pools. We regularly form strategic alliances with local partners, leverage our supply chain expertise and emphasize local training programs. We also provide around-the-clock services from our distributed execution centers on a cost-efficient basis.
Excellence in Execution. We believe that our ability to execute, maintain and manage complex projects, large or small and often in geographically challenging locations, gives us a distinct competitive advantage. We strive to complete our projects meeting or exceeding all client specifications. We have continued to shift toward data-driven execution, which we expect will enhance our ability to meet our clients' needs.
Market Diversity. We provide services across a broad spectrum of industries around the globe. This diversification helps to mitigate the impact of the cyclicality in the markets we serve and allows us to strive for more consistent growth. We believe that maintaining a good mixture within our entire business portfolio permits us to both focus on our more stable business markets and to capitalize on cyclical or emerging markets when the timing is appropriate.
Client Relationships. We actively pursue relationships with new clients while also building on our long-term relationships with existing clients. We believe that long-term relationships with existing clients serve us well by allowing us to better understand and be more responsive to their requirements. Regardless of whether our clients are new or have been with us for many decades, our ability to successfully foster relationships is a key strength.
Risk Management. We believe we have the ability to assess, mitigate and manage project risk, especially in difficult locations or circumstances. We have an experienced management and execution team, and utilize a systematic and disciplined approach towards identifying, assessing and managing risks. We believe that our risk management approach helps us control costs and meet clients' schedules.
Sustainability. Our sustainability charter is to conduct business with social, economic and environmental responsibility. Sustainability is integrated into our business practices, and our employees are engaged in delivery on our charter, enabling us to build and sustain the global community and provide value for our stakeholders.
General Operations
Our services fall into 6 broad categories and can range from basic consulting activities, often at the early stages of a project, to complete design-build, operations and maintenance contracts.
•In engineering and design, we develop solutions to address our clients’ most complex problems. Our engineering services range from traditional engineering disciplines such as piping, mechanical, electrical, control systems, civil, structural and architectural to advanced engineering specialties including process engineering, chemical engineering, simulation, integrated automation processes and interactive 3-D modeling. Through our design solutions, we can provide clients with varied offerings which can include front-end engineering, conceptual design, estimating, feasibility studies, permitting, process simulation, technology and licensing evaluation, scope definition and siting.
•Project management involves managing all aspects of the effort to deliver projects on schedule and within budget, and is critical on every project. We are often hired as the overall program manager on large complex projects where various contractors and subcontractors are involved and multiple activities need to be integrated into an execution plan to ensure the success of the overall project. Such services include logistics, development of project execution plans, detailed schedules, cost forecasts, progress tracking and reporting, and the integration of EPC efforts. Project management helps us deliver on our clients' safety, functionality and financial performance requirements.
•Our procurement offerings represent supply chain solutions aimed at improving product quality and performance while also reducing project cost and schedule. Our clients draw upon our global sourcing and supply expertise, global purchasing power, technical knowledge, processes, systems and experienced global resources. Our procurement activities include strategic sourcing, material management, contracts management, buying, expediting, supplier quality inspection and logistics.
•In construction, we mobilize, execute and commission projects on a self-perform and/or subcontracted basis. Generally, we are responsible for the completion of a project, often in difficult locations and under challenging
circumstances. We are frequently designated as program manager, and serve as such in cases where the client has facilities in multiple locations, complex phases in a single project location, or a large-scale investment in one facility.
•We offer operations and maintenance services intended to enhance the efficiency of or extend the life of our clients’ facilities. This may include the delivery of services to include facility management, technical facility operations, plant readiness, commissioning, start-up and maintenance technology, small capital projects, turnaround and outage services and recapitalization of facilities and infrastructure. Among other things, we can provide key management, staffing and management skills to clients on-site at their facilities.
•We also provide a variety of fabrication and modularization services, including integrated engineering and modular fabrication and assembly, as well as modular construction and asset support services to clients around the globe from our joint ventures. By leveraging internal and third-party capabilities in key regions of the world, we help our clients achieve cost and schedule savings by reducing on-site craft needs and shifting work to inherently safer and more controlled work environments.
Business Segments
Energy Solutions
We are a partner in the production of safer, cleaner and sustainable solutions to meet the world's increasing energy and chemicals demand. Our Energy Solutions segment provides EPC services for the production and fuels, chemicals, LNG and power markets. We serve the oil, gas, chemical and power industries with full project life-cycle services, including expansion and modernization projects as well as in sustaining capital work. We have an extensive skill set that is focused on energy transition markets, including asset decarbonization, carbon capture, renewable fuels, waste-to-energy, green chemicals, hydrogen, nuclear power and other low-carbon energy sources.
While we perform work on projects that range greatly in size and scope, we believe that one of our distinguishing features is our global strength and experience to perform very large projects in difficult locations. As energy and chemicals projects have become more challenging geographically, geopolitically or otherwise, we believe that clients will continue to look to us to manage such complex projects to draw upon our size, strength, global reach, experience, technical expertise and proven track record.
Our role can vary with each specific project. We may be involved in providing front-end engineering, program management and final design services, construction management services, self-perform construction, or oversight of other contractors, and we may also assume responsibility for the procurement of materials, equipment and subcontractors. We have the capacity to design, fabricate and construct new facilities, upgrade, optimize, modernize and expand existing facilities, and rebuild facilities following their destruction. We also provide consulting services ranging from feasibility studies to process assessments to project finance structuring.
In production and fuels, we execute projects for the oil and gas production, processing and refining industries, including an increasing component of energy transition. In the upstream sector, our typical projects involve the production, processing and transporting of oil and gas, including the development of infrastructure associated with major new fields and pipelines. We are also involved in offshore production facilities and in gas processing projects. In the downstream sector, our clients have been modernizing and modifying existing refineries to increase capacity, improve margins and reduce environmental impact. We are active in the repurposing of existing refining facilities for the production of renewable fuels. We are also focused on other transition markets, such as carbon capture and sequestration, blue and green hydrogen, ammonia and other low carbon solutions, as an increasing number of clients and countries implement stronger sustainable energy goals.
We have been very active for several decades in the chemicals and petrochemicals market, with major projects in the ethylene-based markets as well as in a variety of specialty chemicals. We are also active in battery chemicals projects and we execute projects to implement lower carbon solutions on existing and new chemical facilities.
In LNG and power, we have participated in a wide variety of LNG developments, including liquefaction, floating LNG facilities, mid-scale LNG solutions and regasification terminals. Our work in LNG includes feasibility studies, technology evaluations, process equipment optimization and selection, basic design, front-end engineering and design, detailed EPC and start-up assistance. In the power market, we provide a full range of services utilizing small modular reactor technologies, as well as conventional and advanced nuclear reactor technologies. We selectively execute non-nuclear power projects, typically in connection with energy transition or infrastructure facilities.
Urban Solutions
We believe that continued urbanization will drive demand for innovative and sustainable solutions in advanced technologies and manufacturing, life sciences, mining and metals, infrastructure and professional staffing project teams. Urban Solutions includes businesses to meet our clients' needs in addressing these evolving and growing markets.
For the advanced technologies and manufacturing market, we provide program management and EPC services to a wide variety of companies on a global basis. Our experience spans a wide variety of market segments, including advanced materials, data centers, fast-moving consumer goods, food and beverage, semiconductors, smart batteries and specialty products. We specialize in designing projects that incorporate lean manufacturing concepts while also satisfying clients' sustainability goals.
In life sciences, we provide front end studies and EPC services to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and animal health industries. We also specialize in providing validation and commissioning services where we not only bring new facilities online, but we also extend the life, or improve capabilities, of existing facilities. We believe the ability to complete projects on a large-scale basis, especially where time to market is critical, enables us to better serve our clients and is a key competitive advantage.
In mining and metals, we provide a full range of services to our clients who produce a variety of commodities, including copper, iron ore, bauxite, alumina, aluminum, steel, diamond, gold, phosphates and rare earth minerals. We support our clients as they meet the growing demand for copper and battery metals, including lithium, platinum and nickel. We also serve the fertilizer industry and provide services in the downstream metals market. Our services include conceptual and feasibility studies through detailed EPC, commissioning and startup support. Many of our opportunities are being developed in remote and logistically challenging environments, such as the Andes Mountains, Western Australia and Africa. We believe we are one of the few companies with the size, regional presence and experience to execute large scale mining and metals projects, regardless of location.
In infrastructure, we support the development of infrastructure projects with a focus on state departments of transportation. We provide a broad range of services including consulting, design, planning, financial structuring, engineering and construction and operation and maintenance services often delivered under joint ventures with other companies. Continuing urbanization and the replacement and expansion of aging infrastructure in North America continues to drive project opportunities.
The segment's staffing services are often provided through TRS Staffing Solutions®, a global staffing specialist that provides us and third-party clients with technical, professional and craft resources either on a contract or permanent placement basis.
We provide operations, maintenance and reliability services, primarily in North America, through Plant & Facility Services.
Mission Solutions
Mission Solutions provides high-end technical solutions to the U.S. and other governments. We believe the segment's nuclear and civil business holds a tier 1 position with differentiated expertise in managing complex national security missions across the Department of Energy and the National Nuclear Security Administration. We deliver solutions for nuclear security and operations, nuclear waste management and laboratory management. Additionally, we are an industry leader in nuclear remediation at governmental facilities providing site management, environmental remediation, and decommissioning of facilities and have been successful in addressing environmental and regulatory challenges associated with nuclear sites. We also provide services to commercial nuclear clients. In civil services, we are a partner to FEMA for disaster recovery and emergency response.
In defense, we deliver operations and maintenance, global logistics, EPC, life support and operations of mission-critical facilities across U.S. military service organizations. We can rapidly mobilize people and equipment to deliver solutions across the globe and often in the harshest environments. We believe we can deliver solutions to our military clients irrespective of the location or the speed required. We believe we have unmatched capabilities in this regard.
For our intelligence clients, we have more than 600 security-cleared personnel providing critical solutions such as data center management, operations and maintenance of secure facilities and technology platform services. We construct and renovate secure facilities around the world for various agencies in support of their enduring missions.
Other
Our Other operations include the operations of Stork and NuScale, in which we are the majority investor. NuScale has developed SMR technology that is NRC approved, which we believe will be important in the development of light water, passively safe SMRs. They remain an early-stage business that bears significant expenses and losses to advance toward commercialization of their reactor technology. NuScale's success could yield opportunities for EPCM in our principal business segments. Stork provides asset maintenance and asset integrity services to the oil and gas, chemicals, life sciences, power, mining and metals, consumer products and manufacturing industries.
In the first quarter of 2023, we sold our AMECO South America operations, thereby completing the divestiture of our equipment business. In the third quarter of 2023, we agreed to sell Stork's European business. This transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2024. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we sold the Stork business in Latin America, largely for the assumption of debt by the purchaser.
Other Matters
Types of Contracts
While the basic terms and conditions of the contracts that we perform may vary considerably, we typically perform our work under two broad types of contracts: (a) reimbursable contracts and (b) lump-sum or guaranteed maximum contracts. In some limited markets, we are seeing hybrid contracts containing both lump-sum and reimbursable elements. As of December 31, 2023, the following table summarizes contract type within our ending backlog:
December 31, December 31,
(in millions) 2023 2022
Reimbursable $ 22,302 76 % $ 16,500 63 %
Lump-Sum and Guaranteed Maximum 7,139 24 % 9,549 37 %
In accordance with industry practice, most of our contracts are subject to termination at the discretion of our client. In such situations, our contracts typically provide for the payment of fees earned through the date of termination and the reimbursement of other costs incurred including demobilization costs.
Under reimbursable contracts, the client reimburses us based upon negotiated rates and pays us a pre-determined fee, or a fee based upon a percentage of the cost incurred in completing the project. Our profit may be in the form of a fee, a simple markup applied to labor cost incurred in performing the contract, or a combination of the two. The fee element may also vary. The fee may be an incentive fee based upon achieving certain performance factors, milestones or targets; it may be a fixed amount in the contract; or it may be based upon a percentage of the cost incurred. In some cases, reimbursable contracts may be converted into lump-sum contracts. Reimbursable contracts may include significant estimated amounts of CFM when we believe that we are acting as a principal rather than as an agent and we have visibility into the amount the customer is paying for the materials or there is a reasonable basis for estimating the amount.
Mission Solutions, primarily acting as a prime contractor or a major subcontractor for a number of government programs, generally performs its services under reimbursable contracts subject to applicable statutes and regulations. In many cases, these contracts include incentive fee arrangements. The programs may span many years and may be implemented by awards under multiple contracts. Some of our government contracts are known as indefinite delivery indefinite quantity (“IDIQ”) agreements. Under these arrangements, we work closely with the government to define the scope and amount of work required based upon an estimate of the maximum amount that the government desires to spend. While the scope is often not initially fully defined or does not require any specific amount of work, once the project scope is determined, additional work may be awarded to us without the need for further competitive bidding.
Under lump-sum contracts, we may bid based upon preliminary engineering drawings and specifications provided by the client. This type of contracting presents risk because, among other things, it requires us to predetermine the work to be performed, the project execution schedule and all costs associated with the work based on incomplete information, all of which requires us to make pricing assumptions based on judgment informed by prior experience on other projects. This risk may be greater when we provide a lump-sum bid in competition with other contractors because we may not be selected for the work if our bid is higher than the competition. Another type of lump-sum contract is a negotiated fixed-price contract, under which we are selected as contractor first and then negotiate a lump-sum price with the client. This may reduce the risk associated with bidding in competition. Furthermore, negotiated fixed-price contracts may occur under a compensation model in which we perform some of the early work on a project, including to advance the engineering, on a reimbursable basis before agreeing upon and converting to a lump-sum price for the remainder of the project. Depending upon when a project converts from reimbursable to lump-sum, our risk may be lesser because we may hold greater insight into the details
of the project scope, engineering and schedule thereby reducing the number and character of the pricing assumptions in the agreed-upon lump-sum price. Another type of lump-sum contract is a unit price contract under which we are paid a set amount for every “unit” of work performed. If we perform well under any type of lump-sum contract, we can benefit from cost savings gained from the effects of our efficiencies. However, if the project does not proceed as originally planned, we may not be able to recover cost overruns, which may cause us to lose money.
Guaranteed maximum price contracts are reimbursable contracts except that the total fee plus the total cost cannot exceed an agreed upon guaranteed maximum price. We can be responsible for some or all of the total cost of the project if the cost exceeds the guaranteed maximum price. Where the total cost is less than the negotiated guaranteed maximum price, we may receive the benefit of the cost savings based upon the terms of the contract.
Some of our contracts, regardless of type, may operate under joint ventures or other teaming arrangements. Typically, we prefer to enter into these arrangements with companies with whom we have worked previously. These arrangements are generally made to strengthen our market position or technical skills, or where the size, scale or location of the project directs the use of such arrangements.
Competition
The markets served by our business are highly competitive and, for the most part, require substantial resources and highly skilled and experienced technical personnel. A large number of companies compete against us, including U.S.-based companies such as AECOM, Amentum Services, Inc., Bechtel Group, Inc., Black & Veatch, EMCOR Group, Inc., Jacobs Solutions, Inc., KBR, Inc., Kiewit Corporation, Granite Construction, Inc., Quanta Services, Inc. and V2X, Inc., and international-based companies such as ACS Actividades de Construccion y Servicios, Balfour Beatty plc, Chiyoda Corporation, Exyte GmbH, Hyundai Engineering & Construction Company, Ltd., JGC Corporation, McDermott International, Inc., Petrofac Limited, SNC-Lavalin Group, Inc., Samsung Engineering, Stantec Inc., Technip Energies N.V., Wood Group plc, and WorleyParsons Limited.
Competition for our Energy Solutions and Urban Solutions segments is based on an ability to provide the design, engineering, planning, management and project execution skills required to complete complex projects in a safe, timely and cost-efficient manner. We believe our engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction business derives its competitive strength from our market diversity, excellence in execution, reputation for quality, technology, cost-effectiveness, worldwide procurement capability, project management expertise, geographic coverage, ability to meet client requirements by performing construction on either a union or an open shop basis, ability to execute complex projects of varying sizes, strong safety record and lengthy experience with a wide range of services and technologies.
The temporary staffing business is a highly fragmented market with over 1,000 companies competing globally. The key competitive factors in this business line are price, service, quality, client relationships, breadth of service and the ability to identify and retain qualified personnel and geographic coverage.
In our Mission Solutions segment, key competitive factors are primarily centered on performance, qualified personnel and the ability to provide the design, engineering, planning, management and project execution skills required to complete complex projects in a safe, timely, cost-efficient and compliant manner.
Raw Materials
The principal products we use in our business include structural steel, metal plate, concrete, cable and various electrical and mechanical components. These products and components are subject to raw material (aluminum, copper, nickel, iron ore, etc.) availability and pricing fluctuations, which we monitor on a regular basis. We have access to numerous global supply sources; however, the availability and cost of these products, components and raw materials may vary significantly from year to year due to various factors including the logistics market, client demand, producer capacity, inflation, market conditions and specific material shortages. Our pursuit of balanced contractual risk often permits us to recoup inflationary or market-based raw material price increases from our clients, even under otherwise lump-sum contracts.
Compliance with Government Regulations
We operate at sites throughout the world, some of which involve activities related to nuclear facilities, hazardous waste, hydrocarbon production, distribution and transport, the military and infrastructure. Some of our work can be performed adjacent to environmentally sensitive locations such as wetlands, lakes and rivers. We also contract with governments to remediate hazardous materials, including chemical agents, as well as to decontaminate and decommission nuclear sites. These activities can require us to manage, handle, remove, treat, transport and dispose of toxic, radioactive or hazardous substances, and are subject to many environmental, health and safety laws and regulations.
We believe that we are compliant with all environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. We further believe that any reserves associated with future environmental costs are adequate and that any future costs will not have a material
effect on our financial position or future results of operations. Some factors, however, could result in the recognition of additional expense. These include the imposition of more stringent requirements under environmental laws or regulations, new developments or changes regarding site cleanup costs or the allocation of such costs among potentially responsible parties, or a determination that we are potentially responsible for the release of hazardous substances at sites other than those currently identified.
Human Capital
We believe we have built a high-performance culture with purpose and foster a diverse and inclusive workplace as a business imperative because people are our most critical asset. A high performance culture, where everyone is treated fairly and respectfully and has equal access to opportunities based on capabilities and performance, regardless of background, raises both the individual and collective performance of our company. Our culture drives employee engagement, productivity and a sustainable competitive advantage.
The following summarizes our human capital information as of December 31, 2023:
Number of
Employees
Salaried Employees 20,340
Craft and Hourly Employees 7,764
TRS Agency 2,083
Total 30,187
The number of craft and hourly employees can vary in relation to the number, size and phase of execution of our projects. The decrease in craft and hourly employees during 2023 primarily relates to the sale of our Stork business in Latin America.
We have employees in the following regions:
Region % of Global Workforce
North America 48 %
Europe, Africa and Middle East 29 %
Central and South America 5 %
Asia Pacific (includes Australia) 18 %
Health and Safety
Safety is one of our core values. We are committed to taking care of our employees and preventing injuries in our offices and project locations. Our robust programs and procedures help us mitigate the hazards inherent in the work we do. We are committed to fostering a caring, preventive culture founded on proactive action by engaged employees. We call this Safer TogetherSM. Our 2023 safety performance, calculated in accordance with OSHA record keeping requirements, resulted in a total case incident rate of 0.29, which outperformed our goal of less than 0.38 and was well below comparable industry benchmarks. We also provide resources to improve employee wellbeing including various mental health awareness campaigns, our global Employee Assistance Program, site-specific wellbeing programs, and suicide prevention and mental health first aid training.
Inclusion
We are committed to fostering an inclusive workplace where everyone feels they belong, have a voice and are valued for who they are and what they contribute. We encourage diversity of cultures and perspectives as we build inclusive, high-performance teams. We strive to listen actively, respect one another and foster an environment where every employee has what they need to fully participate in our organization.
We are focused on delivering 4 key impact pillars to advance inclusion:
•Champion an inclusive culture;
•Recruit, develop and retain talent;
•Enhance employee experience; and
•Improve social progress and impact.
We work with a variety of outreach, community and education organizations, including a range of universities. We sponsor 24 advanced educational institutions across 6 continents and we continue to grow our relationships across a range of diverse colleges and technical schools with the majority of funding focused on underserved minorities, women and veterans.
We are committed to strengthening our talent pipeline by adjusting our recruitment efforts to cast a wide net to expand our applicant pools. We post our job openings internally and externally to reach a broad, diverse pool of candidates from all backgrounds. We use inclusive language and review job descriptions and requirements to ensure all qualified candidates feel welcome to apply. Our balanced slate interview practice supports an inclusive hiring process based on panel interviews and candidates' capability, skills and qualifications for positions across our offices and business lines.
We have established 5 regional inclusion councils, with 11 chapters, to drive a global alignment of effort while implementing region-specific initiatives. We also have 5 employee resource groups promoting specific career stage, gender, ethnicity and LGBTQ+ and allyship of our employees. These groups are important in strengthening our culture of inclusion by providing representation, encouraging employee engagement, helping to attract and retain talent and helping to build a sense of community among all our employees.
Our goal is to create a workplace that:
•respects, supports and values all individuals at all levels of our organization;
•embraces listening and learning as a positive, progressive philosophy;
•challenges ourselves to hold space for the individuality of our colleagues without judgment or prejudice;
•promotes the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of every employee;
•offers an inclusive environment that is representative of the communities in which we operate and across all of our businesses; and
•provides employee training, development and education opportunities.
Development Opportunities
One of our top priorities is to provide ongoing training and development for our employees through multiple avenues. In 2023, we extended our catalog of leadership development offerings and methods of delivery. This included delivery of critical learning opportunities to our executives, project execution and functional employees based in offices, remote locations and project field assignments. Additionally, employees can access Fluor University, our online platform, where they select from a wide variety of self-paced, online, virtual and instructor-led training courses. Topics range from our internally developed courses focused on discipline-specific training, to commercially available technical learning and general knowledge topics, such as leadership, business acumen, communication and inclusive management. In 2023, our employees received nearly 130,000 hours of training through Fluor University, nearly double compared to 2022. For group-focused development and networking, our global mentoring circles provide an avenue for small groups to generate dialogue about meaningful and relevant topics related to the company, work environment and career development.
Community Responsibility
To foster a high-performance culture with purpose, we offer our employees robust and enriching opportunities to help meet our goal of building a better world. For more than 70 years, our employee giving and volunteering program, Fluor Cares, has empowered employees to give back to the communities where we live and work. In 2023, Fluor and our Fluor Foundation contributed $4.2 million to community initiatives and programs with the majority of funding allocated to programs that support underserved minorities and women. Through Fluor Cares, we empower our employees to invest in organizations and causes that best resonate with them. This employee-driven giving and volunteering effort now includes 22 countries on six continents and resulted in donations of $4 million in 2023. In 2023, thousands of our employees donated more than 33,700 volunteer hours, a 50% increase over 2022, to improve the communities where we live and operate.
We remain true to our long history of giving back with global programs and local efforts tailored to the needs of the communities where we live and work. Through our charitable partners and the volunteerism of our employees, we delivered nearly 1 million hours of STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) instruction and workforce development to 238,000 individuals to help develop the next-generation workforce. We provided 706,000 meals to the hungry. We planted 29,000 trees, including reconstituting a mangrove forest on the Philippines' coast, in addition to large scale, multi-year tree planting efforts on 4 continents.
Information about our Executive Officers
The following information is being furnished with respect to our executive officers as of February 7, 2024:
Name Age Position with the Company(1)
Joseph L. Brennan 56 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
James R. Breuer 55 Group President, Energy Solutions
Alvin C. Collins III 50 Group President, Corporate Development and Sustainability
David E. Constable 62 Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thomas P. D'Agostino 65 Group President, Mission Solutions
Stacy L. Dillow 50 Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer
Mark E. Fields 65 Group President, Project Execution
Anthony Morgan
57 Group President, Urban Solutions
John C. Regan 54 Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
John R. Reynolds 67 Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)All references are to positions held with Fluor Corporation. All officers serve in their respective capacities at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.
Joseph L. Brennan
Mr. Brennan has been Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since July 2020. Prior to that, he was Senior Vice President and Operations Controller in 2020, Senior Vice President and Segment Controller - Energy & Chemicals from 2018 to 2020. Mr. Brennan joined the company in 1991.
James R. Breuer
Mr. Breuer has been Group President, Energy Solutions since January 2021. Prior to that, he was President, Downstream - Energy & Chemicals from 2019 to 2021, Vice President and General Manager, South America - Mining & Metals from 2017 to 2019. Mr. Breuer joined the company in 1993.
Alvin C. Collins III
Mr. Collins has been Group President, Corporate Development and Sustainability since January 2021. Prior to that, he was Senior Vice President, Operations - Energy & Chemicals from 2019 to 2021, Senior Vice President, Global Business Development - Energy & Chemicals in 2019 and Senior Vice President, Operations in Europe, Africa and the Middle East - Energy & Chemicals from 2016 to 2019. Mr. Collins joined the company in 1994.
David E. Constable
Mr. Constable has been Chief Executive Officer since January 2021, after serving as a member of Fluor's Board of Directors since 2019. He previously served as Chief Executive Officer (from 2011) and Chief Executive Officer and President (from 2014) of Sasol Ltd., an integrated energy and chemical company, until 2016. Mr. Constable first joined the company in 1982. Mr. Constable was appointed Chairman of the Board in May 2022.
Thomas P. D'Agostino
Mr. D'Agostino has been Group President, Mission Solutions since January 2021. Prior to that, he was Group President, Government from 2017 to 2021. Mr. D'Agostino joined the company in 2013.
Stacy L. Dillow
Ms. Dillow has been Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since 2019. Prior to that, she was Head of Supply Chain Transformation, Southeast Asia and Australasia at Unilever, a consumer goods company, from 2018 to 2019. Ms. Dillow first joined the company in 1996.
Mark E. Fields
Mr. Fields has been Group President, Project Execution since January 2021. Prior to that, he was Group President, Energy & Chemicals from 2019 to 2021, Senior Vice President, Energy & Chemicals Americas from 2017 to 2019. Mr. Fields joined the company in 1981.
Anthony Morgan
Mr. Morgan has been Group President, Urban Solutions since January 2024. Prior to that, he was Business Line President, Mining & Metals from 2017 to 2023. Mr. Morgan joined the company in 1990.
John C. Regan
Mr. Regan has been Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since June 2020. He was previously Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Alta Mesa Resources, Inc., an upstream exploration and production company, from 2019 to 2020. Mr. Regan is a Certified Public Accountant recognized by the State of Texas.
John R. Reynolds
Mr. Reynolds has been Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer since 2019 and Secretary since 2020. Prior to that, he was Vice President and Senior Managing General Counsel from 2017 to 2019. Mr. Reynolds joined the company in 1985.
Available Information
Our website address is www.fluor.com, where we provide free electronic copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports on the “Investor Relations” section. These reports, and any amendments to them, are also available at the SEC's website, www.sec.gov. We also use our investor relations website as a channel of distribution for important company information. Investors and others can receive notifications of new information posted on our investor relations website in real time by signing up for e-mail alerts and RSS feeds. We also maintain information on our website related to our corporate governance including our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Board Committee Charters and our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Members of the Board of Directors.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We operate in a complex and rapidly changing global environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price. The risks described below highlight some of the factors that have affected and could affect us in the future. We may also be affected by unknown risks or risks that we currently think are immaterial. If any such events actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price could be materially adversely affected.
Summary Risk Factors
The following summarizes the risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation and stock price. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained below.
Risks Related to our Operations
•We are vulnerable to the cyclical nature of the markets we serve.
•Our revenue and earnings are largely dependent on new awards.
•The nature of our contracts, particularly our lump-sum contracts, subject us to risks associated with delays and cost overruns, which may not be recoverable and may result in reduced profits or losses that could have a material impact on us.
•Intense competition in the EPC industry can impact our revenue and profits.
•Our ability to grow requires us to hire and retain qualified personnel.
•The success of teaming arrangements and joint ventures depends on the satisfactory performance by our venture partners over whom we may have little or no control, and the failure of those partners to perform their obligations could impose additional obligations on us that could have a material impact on us.
•We are dependent upon suppliers and subcontractors to complete many of our contracts.
•Cybersecurity breaches of our systems and IT could adversely impact us.
•Systems and IT interruption, as well as new systems implementation, could adversely impact our ability to operate.
•We have international operations that are subject to foreign economic and political uncertainties and risks. Unexpected and adverse changes in the foreign countries in which we operate could result in project disruptions, increased cost and potential losses.
•Our backlog is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations.
•Our employees work on projects that are inherently dangerous and in locations where there are high security risks, and a failure to maintain a safe work site could result in significant losses.
•Our businesses could be materially and adversely affected by events outside of our control.
•Our actual results could differ from the estimates used to prepare our financial statements.
•If we experience delays or defaults in client payments, we could be negatively impacted.
•Our U.S. government contracts and contracting rights may be terminated or otherwise adversely impacted at any time, and our inability to win or renew government contracts during regulated procurement processes could harm our operations and reduce our projects and revenues.
•Our effective tax rate and tax positions may vary.
•It can be very difficult and expensive to obtain the insurance we need for our business operations.
•If we do not have adequate indemnification for our nuclear services, it could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
•Foreign currency risks could have an adverse impact on us.
•The loss of one or a few clients could have an adverse effect on us.
•Our business may be negatively impacted if we are unable to adequately protect intellectual property rights.
•Climate change, natural disasters and related environmental issues could have a material adverse impact on us.
•Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to sustainability practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to reputational or other risks.
•We may be unsuccessful in implementing our strategic initiatives.
Risks Related to Indebtedness and other Credit Related Risks
•Adverse credit and financial market conditions, including increasing or continued high interest rates, could impair our clients', our partners' and our own borrowing capacity, which could negatively affect us.
•Our indebtedness could lead to adverse consequences or adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under such indebtedness, and any refinancing of this debt could be at significantly higher interest rates.
•We may be unable to win new contract awards if we cannot provide clients with financial assurances.
Legal and Regulatory Risks
•We are involved in litigation and regulatory proceedings, potential liability claims and contract disputes that may have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
•Our failure to recover adequately on claims against project owners, subcontractors or suppliers for payment or performance could have a material effect on our financial results.
•We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws.
•We could be adversely impacted if we fail to comply with domestic and international import and export laws.
•Employee, agent or partner misconduct or our overall failure to comply with laws or regulations could impair our ability to compete for contracts.
•New or changing legal requirements could adversely affect us.
•Past and future environmental, safety and health regulations could impose significant additional costs on us.
Risks Related to our Equity and Corporate Governance Documents
•If we issue additional equity securities, stockholders' ownership percentages would be diluted.
•Delaware law and our charter documents may impede or discourage a takeover or change of control.
Risks Related to our Operations
We are vulnerable to the cyclical nature of the markets we serve.
The demand for our services is dependent upon our clients' capital investments. Our clients' interest in approving new projects, budgets for capital expenditures and need for our services have in the past been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by, among other things, poor economic conditions (including inflation, slow growth or recession, changes to governments' fiscal or monetary policy and higher interest rates), low oil prices, political uncertainties and currency fluctuations. Clients have been and remain selective in how they allocate their capital, especially the larger scale projects in which we specialize. For example, in our Energy Solutions segment, capital expenditures by our clients are influenced by factors such as prevailing hydrocarbon prices and expectations about future prices for underlying commodities, technological advances, the costs of exploration, production and delivery of product, domestic and international political, military, regulatory and economic conditions and other similar factors. There is no guarantee that current oil prices will be sufficient to justify clients' capital expenditures, and the timing and extent of any future improvements in demand remain uncertain. Industries served by that segment and many of the others we serve have historically been and will continue to be vulnerable to general downturns, which in turn could materially and adversely affect the demand for our services.
Our revenue and earnings are largely dependent on new awards.
The awarding and timing of projects is unpredictable and driven by our clients. Awards, including expansions of existing projects, often involve complex and lengthy negotiations and competitive bidding processes. These processes can be impacted by a wide variety of factors including a client's decision to not proceed with the development of a project, governmental approvals, financing contingencies, oil prices, environmental conditions and overall market and economic conditions. We may not win contracts that we have bid on due to price, a client's perception of our ability to perform and/or perceived technology advantages held by others. Many of our competitors may be more inclined to take greater risks or include terms and conditions that we might not deem acceptable, especially when the markets for the services we typically offer are relatively soft. Because a significant portion of our revenue is generated from large projects, our results can fluctuate depending on whether and when large project awards occur and the commencement and progress of work under large contracts already awarded. As a result, we are subject to the risk of losing new awards to competitors or the risk that revenue may not be derived from awarded projects as quickly as anticipated. Additionally, uncertain economic and political conditions may make it difficult for our clients, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. For example, changes to U.S. policies related to global trade and tariffs in recent years, and responsive changes in policy by foreign jurisdictions, have resulted in uncertainty surrounding the future of the global economy as well as retaliatory trade measures implemented by other countries. We cannot predict the outcome of changing trade policies or other unanticipated economic or political conditions, nor can we predict the timing, strength or duration of any worldwide economic recovery or downturn or in the markets that we serve.
The nature of our contracts, particularly our lump-sum contracts, subject us to risks associated with delays and cost overruns, which may not be recoverable and may result in reduced profits or losses that could have a material impact on us.
Because our projects are often technically complex, with multiple phases occurring over several years, we incur risks in our project execution activities. These risks could result in project delays, cost overruns or other problems and can include the following:
•Evolving estimates related to productivity, scheduling estimates or future economic conditions, including with respect to the impacts of inflation on lump-sum contracts;
•Unanticipated technical problems, including design or engineering issues;
•Inaccurate representations of site conditions and unanticipated changes in the project execution plan;
•Project modifications creating unanticipated costs or delays and failure to properly manage project modifications;
•Inability to achieve guaranteed performance or quality standards with regard to engineering, construction or project management obligations;
•Insufficient or inadequate project execution tools and systems needed to record, track, forecast and control cost and schedule;
•Reliance on historical cost and/or execution data that is not representative of current economic and/or execution conditions;
•Failure to accurately estimate the timing and cost of projects, including due to inflation, supply chain disruption, rising construction costs or unforeseen increases in the cost of labor;
•Unanticipated increases in the cost of raw materials, components or equipment, including due to inflation or the imposition of import tariffs;
•Failure to properly make judgments in accordance with applicable professional standards, including engineering standards;
•Failure to properly assess and update appropriate risk mitigation strategies and measures;
•Poor performance of our clients, partners, subcontractors, suppliers or other third parties;
•Delays or productivity issues caused by weather; and
•Changes in local laws or difficulties or delays in obtaining permits, rights of way or approvals.
These and other risks have in the past, and may in the future, result in our failure to achieve contractual cost or schedule commitments, safety performance, overall client satisfaction or other performance criteria. As a result, we may receive lower fees or lose our ability to earn incentive fees. In other cases, our fee will not change but we will have to continue to perform work without additional fees until the performance criteria is achieved. We may also incur liquidated damages if we fail to complete a project on schedule. In addition, if we fail to meet guaranteed performance or quality standards, we may be held responsible under the guarantee or warranty provisions of our contract for cost impact to the client, generally in the form of contractually agreed-upon liquidated damages or an obligation to re-perform work. To the extent these events occur, the total cost to the project (including any liquidated damages) could be material and could, in some circumstances, equal or exceed the full value of the contract. In such events, our financial condition or results of operations could be materially and negatively impacted.
In circumstances where the contract is lump-sum or the revenue is otherwise fixed, we bear significant risk for delays and cost overruns. Reimbursable contract types, such as those that include negotiated hourly billing rates, may restrict the kinds or amounts of costs that are reimbursable, therefore exposing us to the risk that we may incur certain costs in executing these contracts that are above our estimates and not recoverable from our clients.
Intense competition in the EPC industry can impact our revenue and profits.
We serve markets that are highly competitive and in which a large number of multinational companies compete. These markets require substantial resources, investment in technology and skilled personnel. We have seen a continuing influx of non-traditional competitors offering below-market pricing while accepting greater risk. Competition places downward pressure on our contract prices and profit margins, and could cause us to accept contractual terms and conditions that are not normal or customary, thereby increasing the risk of losses on such contracts. Intense competition is expected to continue in our markets, presenting us with challenges to maintain acceptable profit margins. To the extent we are unable to meet these competitive challenges, we could experience reduced profitability.
Our ability to grow requires us to hire and retain qualified personnel.
The success of our business is dependent upon being able to attract, develop and retain personnel, including engineers, project management, craft employees and management, who have the necessary and required experience and expertise, and who will perform these services at a reasonable and competitive rate. Competition for experienced personnel is intense. It may be difficult to attract and retain qualified individuals with the expertise and in the timeframe demanded by our clients. In certain geographic areas, for example, we may be unable to satisfy the demand for our services because of our inability to deploy qualified personnel. Also, it may be difficult to replace personnel who hold government required credentials. Loss of the services of, or failure to recruit, qualified technical and management personnel, including a preference by some candidates to work remotely, could limit our ability to successfully complete existing projects and compete for new projects. In addition, as costs related to our workforce are dependent on market conditions, inflationary pressure has increased, and may continue to increase, labor costs in certain geographic areas.
As some of our executives and other key personnel approach retirement age or otherwise leave the company, we need to provide for smooth transitions, which requires succession planning to identify and integrate new personnel into leadership roles. Changes in our management team may disrupt our business and the failure to successfully transition and assimilate executives or other key personnel could adversely affect our results. If we are unable to employ a sufficient number of skilled personnel or effectively implement appropriate succession plans, our ability to pursue projects may be adversely affected, the costs of executing our existing and future projects may increase.
In addition, the cost of providing our services, including the extent to which we utilize our workforce, affects our profitability. For example, the uncertainty of contract award timing can present difficulties in matching our workforce size with project needs. If an expected contract award is delayed or not received, we could incur costs resulting from excess staff, reductions in staff, or redundancy of facilities that could have a material adverse impact on us. Increased labor costs can also impact our customers' decision making with respect to the viability or timing of certain projects, which could result in project delays or cancellations and in turn have a material adverse impact on us.
The success of teaming arrangements and joint ventures depends on the satisfactory performance by our venture partners over whom we may have little or no control, and the failure of those partners to perform their obligations could impose additional obligations on us that could have a material impact on us.
In the ordinary course of business in our industry, we execute specific projects and otherwise conduct certain operations through joint ventures, partnerships and other collaborative arrangements (collectively, "ventures"). We have various ownership interests in these ventures, with such ownership typically being proportionate to our decision-making and distribution rights. The ventures generally contract directly with our client; however, services may be performed directly by the venture, or may be performed by us, our partners, or a combination thereof.
Our success in many markets is impacted by the presence or capability of our partners. If we are unable to compete alone, or with a quality partner, our ability to win work and successfully complete our contracts may be impacted. Differences in opinions or views between venture partners can result in delayed decision-making or failure to agree on material issues, which could adversely affect the business and operations of our ventures. In many of the countries in which we engage in joint ventures, it may be difficult to enforce our contractual rights under the applicable joint venture agreement.
At times, we also participate in ventures with other parties. In such instances, we may have limited control over venture decisions and actions, including ICFR, which may have an impact on our business. If internal control problems arise within a venture, or if our venture partners have financial or operational issues, there could be a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The success of our ventures also depends, in large part, on the satisfactory performance by our venture partners of their obligations, including their obligation to commit working capital, equity or credit support as required by the venture and to support their indemnification and other contractual obligations. If our venture partners fail to satisfactorily perform their obligations, the venture may be unable to adequately perform or deliver its contracted services. Under these circumstances, we may be required to make additional investments and provide additional services to ensure the adequate performance and delivery of the contracted services and to meet any performance guarantees. From time to time, in order to establish or preserve a relationship, or to better ensure venture success, we may accept risks or responsibilities for the venture that are not necessarily proportionate with the reward we expect to receive or that may differ from risks or responsibilities we would normally accept in our own operations. We may also be subject to joint and several liability under the contracts for venture projects. These additional obligations could result in reduced profits or, in some cases, increased liabilities or significant losses for us with respect to the venture, and in turn, our business and operations. In addition, a failure by a venture partner to comply with applicable regulations could negatively impact our business and reputation and could result in fines, penalties, suspension or, in the case of government contracts, even debarment.
We are dependent upon suppliers and subcontractors to complete many of our contracts.
Some of the work performed under our contracts is performed by third-party subcontractors. We also rely on third-party suppliers to provide much of the equipment and materials used for projects. If we are unable to hire qualified subcontractors or find qualified suppliers, our ability to successfully or timely complete a project could be impaired. If the amount we are required to pay for subcontractors or equipment and supplies exceeds what we have estimated, especially in lump-sum contracts, we may suffer losses on them. If a supplier or subcontractor fails to provide supplies, technology, equipment or services as required under a contract to us, our joint venture partner, our client or any other party involved in the project for any reason, or provides supplies, technology, equipment or services that are not an acceptable quality, we may be required to source those supplies, technology, equipment or services on a delayed basis or at a higher price than anticipated, which could impact our profitability. In addition, faulty workmanship, equipment or materials could impact the overall project, resulting in claims against us for failure to meet required project specifications. These risks may be intensified during an economic downturn if these suppliers or subcontractors experience financial difficulties or find it difficult to obtain sufficient financing to fund their operations or access to bonding, and are not able to provide the services or supplies necessary for our business. A failure by a third-party subcontractor or supplier to comply with applicable laws, rules or regulations could negatively impact our business and reputation and could result in fines, penalties, suspension, or in the case of government contracts, even debarment.
Cybersecurity breaches of our systems and IT could adversely impact us.
We face risks related to cybersecurity threats, which could adversely affect us. Our business is dependent on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of confidential and sensitive information, including personal data of our employees, subcontractors, suppliers, business partners and clients. While we have implemented various measures to protect our systems and data from unauthorized access, cyber-attacks, and other security breaches and have endeavored to require our vendors to adhere to industry recognized security standards, these measures may be insufficient to prevent all security breaches or cyber-attacks. In addition, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to IT systems change frequently, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. For example, the rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence may intensify our cybersecurity risks.
In the event of a security breach or cyber-attack, we may experience operational disruptions, financial losses, legal claims, and reputational damage. We may also incur significant costs to remediate the effects of such incidents, including costs associated with investigating the incident, repairing or replacing damaged systems and compensating affected parties.
We may also be subject to legal and regulatory actions, investigations, and penalties related to cybersecurity incidents, which may result in significant fines, sanctions, and legal fees, as well as damage to our reputation and customer relationships. In addition, data protection and cybersecurity laws are continuously evolving at a rapid pace and on a global
level, which add heightened risk and additional costs in assessing, implementing and managing compliance measures that affect business operations. Any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a negative impact on us.
While we maintain insurance that specifically covers cybersecurity threats, our coverage may not sufficiently cover all types of losses or claims that we might experience.
Systems and IT interruption, as well as new systems implementation, could adversely impact our ability to operate.
We are heavily reliant on computer, information and communications technology and related systems, some of which are hosted by third party providers. From time to time, we experience system interruptions and delays that may be planned for upgrades or that may be unplanned. Unplanned interruptions could result from natural disasters, power loss, telecommunications failures, acts of war or terrorism, computer viruses, malicious code, physical or electronic security breaches, intentional or inadvertent user misuse or error and similar events or disruptions. Any of these or other events could cause system interruptions, delays, loss of critical or sensitive data (including personal or financial data) or loss of funds; could delay or prevent operations (including the processing of transactions and reporting of financial results); and could adversely affect our reputation or our operating results. While we have and require the maintenance of reasonable safeguards designed to protect against unavailability or loss of data, these safeguards may not be sufficient. We may be required to incur significant costs to protect against or alleviate damage caused by systems interruptions and delays, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We continue to evaluate the need to upgrade and/or replace our systems and network infrastructure to protect our computing environment, to stay current on vendor supported products, to improve the efficiency of our systems and for other business reasons. The implementation of new systems and IT could adversely impact our operations by imposing substantial capital expenditures, demands on management time and risks of delays or difficulties in transitioning to new systems. Our systems implementations also may not result in productivity improvements at the levels anticipated. Disruptions, if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We have international operations that are subject to foreign economic and political uncertainties and risks. Unexpected and adverse changes in the foreign countries in which we operate could result in project disruptions, increased cost and potential losses.
Our business is subject to international economic and political conditions that change (sometimes frequently) for reasons that are beyond our control. We expect that a significant portion of our revenue and profits will continue to come from non-U.S. projects for the foreseeable future.
Operating in the international marketplace exposes us to a number of risks including:
•abrupt changes in government policies, laws, treaties (including those impacting trade), regulations or leadership;
•embargoes or other trade restrictions, including sanctions;
•restrictions on currency movement;
•tax or tariff changes and withholding requirements;
•currency exchange rate fluctuations;
•changes in labor conditions and difficulties in staffing and managing international operations, including logistical and communication challenges;
•U.S. government trade or other policy changes in relation to the foreign countries in which we operate;
•other regional, social, political and economic instability, including recessions and other economic crises;
•natural disasters and public health crises, including pandemics;
•expropriation and nationalization of our assets;
•international hostilities, such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which has resulted in the imposition by the U.S. and other nations of restrictive actions against Russia and certain banks, companies and individuals; and
•unrest, civil strife, acts of war, terrorism and insurrection.
The lack of a well-developed legal system in some of the countries where we operate may make it difficult to enforce our contractual rights or to defend ourself against claims made by others. We operate in locations where there is a significant amount of political risk. In addition, nationalization, military action or continued unrest could impact the supply or pricing of oil, disrupt our operations in the region and elsewhere, and increase our security costs. Our level of exposure to these risks may vary with each project, depending on the location of the project and its stage of completion. For example, our risk exposure with respect to a project in an early development phase, such as engineering, will generally be less than our risk exposure on a project that is in the construction phase. To the extent that our international business is affected by unexpected and adverse foreign economic and political conditions and risks, we may experience project disruptions and losses.
Our backlog is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations.
Our backlog generally consists of projects for which we have an executed contract or commitment with a client and reflects our expected revenue from the contract or commitment, which is often subject to revision over time. We cannot guarantee that the revenue projected in our backlog will be realized or profitable or will not be subject to delay or suspension. Project cancellations, scope adjustments or deferrals, or foreign currency fluctuations may occur with respect to contracts reflected in our backlog and could reduce the value of our backlog and the revenue and profits that we actually earn; or, may cause the rate at which we perform on our backlog to decrease. Most of our contracts have termination for convenience provisions in them allowing clients to cancel projects. Our contracts typically provide for the payment of fees earned through the date of termination and the reimbursement of costs incurred including demobilization costs. In addition, projects may remain in our backlog for an extended period of time. During periods of economic slowdown, or decreases and/or instability in oil prices, the risk of projects being suspended, delayed or canceled generally increases. Finally, poor project or contract performance could also impact our backlog and profits. Such developments could have a material adverse effect on our business and our profits.
Our employees work on projects that are inherently dangerous and in locations where there are high security risks, and a failure to maintain a safe work site could result in significant losses.
We often work on complex projects, frequently in geographically remote or high-risk locations that are subject to political, social or economic risks, or war or civil unrest. In those locations where we have employees or operations, we may expend significant efforts and incur substantial security costs to maintain safety. In addition, our project sites can place our employees and others near large equipment, dangerous processes or substances or highly regulated materials, and in challenging environments. Safety is a primary focus of our business and is critical to our reputation and performance. Many of our clients require that we meet certain safety criteria to be eligible to bid on contracts, and some of our contract fees or profits are subject to satisfying safety criteria. Unsafe work conditions also have the potential of increasing employee turnover, increasing project costs and raising our operating costs. If we fail to implement appropriate safety procedures and/or if our procedures fail, our employees or others may suffer injuries or loss of life, the completion of a project could be delayed and we could experience investigations or litigation. Although we have a safety function to implement effective health, safety and environmental procedures throughout our company, the failure to comply with such procedures, client contracts or applicable regulations could subject us to losses and liability. Despite these activities we cannot guarantee the safety of our personnel, nor can we guarantee our work, equipment or supplies will be free from damage.
Our businesses could be materially and adversely affected by events outside of our control.
Extraordinary or force majeure events beyond our control, such as natural or man-made disasters, severe weather conditions, public health crises, supply chain disruption, political crises or other catastrophic events, could negatively impact our ability to operate or increase our costs to operate. Such events may result in disruptions to our operations; evacuation of personnel; increased labor and material costs or shortages; inability to deliver materials, equipment and personnel to jobsites in accordance with contract schedules; and loss of productivity. We may remain obligated to perform our services after any such events, unless a contract provision provides us with relief from our obligations. The extra costs incurred as a result of these events may not be reimbursed by our clients. If we are not able to react quickly to such events, or if a high concentration of our projects are impacted by such an event, our operations may be adversely affected. In addition, if we cannot complete our contracts on time, we may be subject to potential liability claims by our clients, which may reduce our profits and result in losses.
Our actual results could differ from the estimates used to prepare our financial statements.
In preparing our financial statements, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported values of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Areas requiring significant estimates by our management include:
•determination of profitability;
•recognition of project incentives, awards, change orders, claims or other variable consideration we expect to receive;
•estimated amounts for project losses, warranty costs, contract close-out or other costs;
•collectability of receivables and the need and amount of any allowance;
•income tax provisions and related valuation allowances;
•determination of potential liabilities under pension and other post-retirement benefit programs; and
•accruals for other estimated liabilities, including litigation and insurance reserves and receivables.
Estimates are based on management's reasonable assumptions and experience, but are only estimates. Our actual business and financial results could differ from our estimates of such results due to changes in facts and circumstances, which could have a material negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Further, we recognize contract revenue as work on a contract progresses. The cumulative amount of revenue recorded on a contract at any point is that percentage of total estimated revenue that costs incurred to date bear to estimated total costs. Accordingly, contract revenue and total cost estimates are reviewed and revised as the work progresses. Adjustments are reflected in contract revenue in the period when such estimates are revised. Such adjustments could be material and could result in reduced profitability.
If we experience delays or defaults in client payments, we could be negatively impacted.
Because of the nature of our contracts, we sometimes commit resources to projects prior to receiving payments from clients in amounts sufficient to cover expenditures as they come due. Some of our clients have found it difficult to pay our invoices timely, increasing the risk that our accounts receivable could become uncollectible and ultimately be written off. In certain cases, our clients for our large projects are project-specific entities that do not have significant assets other than their interests in the project. From time to time, it is difficult for us to collect payments owed to us by these clients. In addition, clients may request extension of the payment terms otherwise agreed to under our contracts. Delays in client payments may require us to make a working capital investment, which could impact our cash flows and liquidity. If a client fails to pay invoices on a timely basis or defaults, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations or liquidity.
Our U.S. government contracts and contracting rights may be terminated or otherwise adversely impacted at any time, and our inability to win or renew government contracts during regulated procurement processes could harm our operations and reduce our projects and revenues.
We have a significant portfolio of government contracts, including those that we have in place with the DOE and U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. government contracts are subject to various uncertainties, restrictions and regulations, including oversight audits by government agencies and profit and cost controls, which could result in withholding or delay of payments to us. U.S. government contracts are also subject to uncertainties associated with congressional funding, including the potential impacts of budget deficits, government shutdowns and federal sequestration. A significant reduction in federal government spending or a change in budgetary priorities could reduce demand for our services, cancel or delay federal projects, and result in the closure of federal facilities and significant personnel reductions. Changes in U.S. government priorities, which can occur due to policy changes or economic changes, could adversely impact our revenues. The U.S. government is under no obligation to maintain program funding at any specific level, and funds for a program may even be eliminated. Our U.S. government clients may terminate or decide not to renew our contracts with little or no prior notice.
In addition, U.S. government contracts are subject to specific regulations such as the Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR"), the Truth in Negotiations Act, the Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS"), the Service Contract Act and Department of Defense security regulations. Failure to comply with any of these regulations and other government requirements may result in contract price adjustments, financial penalties or contract termination. Our U.S. government contracts are also subject to audits, cost reviews and investigations by U.S. government oversight agencies such as the U.S. Defense Contract Audit Agency (the "DCAA"). The DCAA reviews the adequacy of, and our compliance with, our internal controls and policies (including our labor, billing, accounting, purchasing, estimating, compensation and management information systems). The DCAA also has the ability to review how we have accounted for costs under the FAR and CAS. The DCAA presents its findings to the Defense Contract Management Agency ("DCMA"). Should the DCMA determine that we have not complied with the terms of our contract and applicable statutes and regulations, or if they believe that we have engaged in inappropriate accounting or other activities, payments to us may be disallowed or we could be required to refund previously collected payments. Additionally, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, suspension or debarment from future government contracts, and qui tam litigation brought by private individuals on behalf of the U.S. government under the False Claims Act, which could include claims for treble damages. These suits may remain under seal (and hence, be unknown to us) for some time while the government decides whether to intervene on behalf of the qui tam plaintiff. Furthermore, if we have significant
disagreements with our government clients concerning costs incurred, negative publicity could arise, which could adversely affect our industry reputation and our ability to compete for new contracts in the government arena or otherwise.
Most U.S. government contracts are awarded through a rigorous competitive process. The U.S. government has increasingly relied upon multiple-year contracts with pre-established terms and conditions that generally require those contractors that have been previously awarded the contract to engage in an additional competitive bidding process for each task order issued under the contract. Such processes require successful contractors to anticipate requirements and develop rapid-response bid and proposal teams as well as dedicated supplier relationships and delivery systems to react to these needs. We face rigorous competition and significant pricing pressures in order to win these task orders. If we are not successful in containing costs or able to timely respond to government requests, we may not win additional awards. Moreover, even if we are qualified to work on a government contract, we may be impacted in our pursuit of work by government policies designed to protect small businesses and under- represented minority contractors.
Many of our U.S. government contracts require security clearances. Depending upon the level of clearance required, security clearances can be difficult and time-consuming to obtain. If we or our employees are unable to obtain or retain necessary security clearances, we may not be able to win new business, and our existing government clients could terminate their contracts with us or decide not to renew them.
Our effective tax rate and tax positions may vary.
We are subject to income taxes where we do business. A change in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation, in any country in which we operate could change our overall tax rate, which could have a material impact on our results of operations. In addition, significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and our judgments could prove inaccurate. There are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities, and our tax estimates and tax positions could be materially affected by many factors including the final outcome of tax audits and related litigation, the introduction of new tax accounting standards, legislation, regulations and related interpretations, our global mix of earnings, our ability to realize deferred tax assets and changes in uncertain tax positions. Future changes in our tax rate or adverse changes in tax laws could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and liquidity. We may also be exposed to limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations in one country to fund our operations in other countries due to tax laws in different jurisdictions.
It can be very difficult and expensive to obtain the insurance we need for our business operations.
We maintain insurance both as a corporate risk management strategy and to satisfy the requirements of many of our contracts. Although we have been generally able to cover our insurance needs, there can be no assurances that we can secure all necessary or appropriate insurance in the future, or that such insurance can be economically secured. For example, catastrophic events can result in decreased coverage limits, more limited coverage, increased premium costs or deductibles. We also monitor the financial health of our insurance. Our insurance is purchased from a number of leading providers, often in layered insurance or quota share arrangements. If any of our third party insurers fail, abruptly cancel our coverage or otherwise cannot satisfy their obligations to us, then our overall risk exposure and operational expenses could increase and our business operations could be interrupted.
If we do not have adequate indemnification for our nuclear services, it could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
We provide services to the DOE and the nuclear energy industry in the on-going maintenance and modification of nuclear facilities as well as decontamination and decommissioning activities of nuclear plants. The Price-Anderson Act generally indemnifies parties performing services to nuclear power plants and DOE contractors; however, not all of our activities are covered. Thus, if the Price-Anderson Act indemnification protections do not apply to our services, or if the exposure occurs outside of the U.S. in a region that does not have protections comparable to the Price-Anderson Act, our business and financial condition could be adversely affected by our client's refusal to contract with us, by our inability to obtain commercially reasonable insurance or third party indemnification, or by the potentially significant monetary damages we could incur.
Foreign currency risks could have an adverse impact on us.
Our contracts may subject us to foreign currency risk, particularly when project revenue is denominated in a currency different than the expected costs. Contracts may be denominated in different currencies at various points in time as a project progresses. We may attempt to minimize our exposure to foreign currency risk by obtaining contract provisions that protect us from foreign currency fluctuations and/or by implementing hedging strategies utilizing derivatives. However, these actions may not always eliminate all foreign currency risk, and as a result, our profitability could be affected.
Our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in nonfunctional currencies are subject to remeasurement. In addition, the U.S. dollar value of our backlog may from time to time increase or decrease significantly due to foreign currency volatility.
The loss of one or a few clients could have an adverse effect on us.
A few clients, including the U.S. government, state governments and governmental agencies comprise a significant portion of our revenue. Although we have long-standing relationships with many of our significant clients, our clients may unilaterally reduce, fail to renew or terminate their contracts with us at any time. Most of our contracts have "termination for convenience" provisions in them. The loss of business from a significant client could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Our business may be negatively impacted if we are unable to adequately protect intellectual property rights.
Our success is impacted by our ability to differentiate our services through our technologies and know-how. This includes the ability to protect intellectual property rights. We utilize a combination of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and other contractual arrangements to protect our interests. However, these methods only provide limited protection and may not adequately protect our interests. Our employees, contractors and joint venture partners are subject to confidentiality obligations, but this protection may be inadequate to deter or prevent misappropriation of our confidential information and/or infringement of our intellectual property rights. This can be especially true in certain foreign countries where intellectual property does not have equivalent protections as in the U.S., or when our joint venture partner is a competitor who will gain access to our procedures and know-how while working with us in the performance of services.
Our clients require broad ownership rights in the work product and other materials we deliver. If we are unable to retain ownership of our intellectual property and improvements thereto, it may affect our ability to provide similar services to other clients in the future, which ultimately, could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Our competitors or others may independently develop technology substantially similar to our trade secret technology or we may be unsuccessful in preserving our intellectual property rights in the future. Our intellectual property rights could be invalidated, circumvented, challenged or infringed upon. Litigation to determine the scope of intellectual property rights, even if ultimately successful, could be costly and could divert management's attention.
In addition, our clients or other third parties may also provide us with their technology and intellectual property. There is a risk that we may not sufficiently protect against improper use, access or dissemination and, as a result, we could be subject to claims and litigation and resulting liabilities, loss of contracts or other consequences that could have an adverse impact on us.
We also hold licenses from third parties utilized in our business operations. If we are no longer able to license such technology on commercially reasonable terms or otherwise, we could be adversely affected. When we license our intellectual property to third parties, the scope of such license grant is generally limited. If such third party exceeds the scope of the license grant, and if we are unable to detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property or otherwise take appropriate steps to enforce our rights, our revenue and margins will be adversely impacted, and the value of our intellectual property portfolio may be adversely affected.
Climate change, natural disasters and related environmental issues could have a material adverse impact on us.
Climate-related events, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, floods, wildfires, droughts, hurricanes, freezing conditions, and other natural disasters, may have a long-term impact on our business, financial condition and results of operation. While we seek to mitigate our business risks associated with climate change, we recognize that there are inherent climate related risks regardless of where we conduct our businesses. For example, a catastrophic natural disaster could negatively impact any of our office locations and the locations of our clients. Access to clean water and reliable energy in the communities where we conduct our business is critical to our operations. Accordingly, a natural disaster has the potential to disrupt our and our clients’ businesses and may cause us to experience work stoppages, supply chain disruptions, project delays, financial losses and additional costs to resume operations, including increased insurance costs or loss of cover, legal liability and reputational losses.
Further, the risks caused by climate change span across the full spectrum of the industries we serve. The direct physical risks that climate change poses through chronic environmental changes, such as rising sea levels and temperatures, and acute events, such as hurricanes, droughts and wildfires, is common to each of these industries. Our clients could face increased costs to maintain their assets, which could result in reduced profitability and fewer resources for strategic investment. These types of physical risks could in turn lead to transitional risks (i.e., the degree to which society responds to the threat of climate change). For example, growing concerns about climate change may result in activism, protests, legislation, international
protocols or treaties, regulation or other restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions or that otherwise seek to address climate change that could affect our clients, including those who (a) are involved in the exploration, production or refining of fossil fuels, such as our Energy Solutions clients, (b) emit greenhouse gases through the combustion of fossil fuels or (c) emit greenhouse gases through the mining, manufacture, utilization or production of materials or goods. Such actions could increase the costs of projects for us and our clients or, in some cases, prevent a project from going forward, thereby potentially reducing the need for our services, which would in turn have a material adverse impact on us. However, policy changes and climate legislation could also accelerate energy transition, including the development of carbon capture and storage projects, alternative transportation, alternative energy facilities, such as wind farms or nuclear reactors, or incentivize increased implementation of clean fuels projects, which could positively impact the demand for our services. We cannot predict when or whether any of these legislative proposals may become law or what effect will be on us and our clients.
We may also incur additional expenses implementing U.S. and international regulations requiring additional disclosures regarding GHG emissions and/or broader ESG-related factors. Compliance with such regulations and the associated potential costs is complicated by various countries and regions following different approaches to the regulation of climate change.
Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to sustainability practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to reputational or other risks.
Investors, clients and other stakeholders have increasingly focused on the ESG practices of companies, including practices with respect to human capital, emissions and environmental impact and political spending. Expectations and requirements evolve rapidly and are largely out of our control, and our ESG initiatives and disclosures in response to such expectations and requirements may result in increased costs (including but not limited to increased costs related to compliance, stakeholder engagement, contracting and insurance), change in demand for certain services, enhanced compliance or disclosure obligations, or other adverse impacts to our business or results of operations. While we have programs and initiatives in place related to our ESG practices, investors may decide to reallocate capital or to not commit capital as a result of their assessment of our practices. In addition, our clients may require that we adhere to varying ESG standards. Our failure to comply with investor or client standards, which are evolving, or if we are perceived to not have responded appropriately to the growing concern for these issues could also cause reputational harm to our business and could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, organizations that provide ratings information to investors on ESG matters may have unfavorable views on us, which may lead to negative sentiment.
In addition, while we may create and publish voluntary disclosures regarding ESG matters, many of the statements in those voluntary disclosures are based on expectations and assumptions that may not be representative of current or actual risks, including the costs associated therewith. Such expectations and assumptions are necessarily uncertain and may be prone to error or subject to misinterpretation given the long timelines involved and the lack of an established single approach to identifying, measuring and reporting on many ESG matters. In addition, we expect that there will likely be increasing levels of regulation, disclosure-related and otherwise, with respect to ESG matters. For example, the SEC has published proposed rules that would require companies to provide significantly expanded climate-related disclosures. Requirements from the SEC, European or other regulators may require us to incur significant costs to comply and distract our management and Board of Directors.
We may be unsuccessful in implementing our strategic initiatives.
We have announced a number of strategic initiatives, including plans to divest our remaining Stork operations and reduce our ownership of NuScale. Our ability to successfully execute these initiatives is subject to various risks and uncertainties, including regulatory intervention, which may negatively impact the realization of expected benefits. Our failure to realize the anticipated benefits, which may be due to our inability to execute, competition, economic conditions, and other risks described herein, could have a material adverse effect on us. Divesting businesses involves risks and uncertainties, such as the difficulty separating assets related to such businesses from the businesses we retain, employee distraction, and the need to obtain regulatory approvals and other third-party consents, which potentially disrupts customer and vendor relationships. Such actions also involve significant costs and require time and attention of our management, which may divert attention from other business operations. Because of these challenges, as well as market conditions or other factors, anticipated divestitures may take longer or be costlier or generate fewer benefits than expected and may not be completed at all. If we are unable to complete the divestitures or to successfully transition divested businesses, our business and financial results could be negatively impacted. If we dispose of a business, we may not be able to successfully cause a buyer of a divested business to assume the liabilities of that business or, even if such liabilities are assumed, we may have difficulties enforcing our rights, contractual or otherwise, against the buyer. We may retain exposure on financial or performance guarantees and other contractual, employment, pension and severance obligations, and potential liabilities that may arise under law because of the disposition or the subsequent failure of an acquirer.
Risks Related to Indebtedness and other Credit Related Risks
Adverse credit and financial market conditions, including increasing or continued high interest rates, could impair our clients', our partners' and our own borrowing capacity, which could negatively affect us.
Our ability to generate cash is important for the funding of our operations, investing in ventures, the servicing of our indebtedness, paying dividends and making acquisitions. To the extent that existing cash balances and operating cash flow, together with borrowing capacity under our credit facilities, are insufficient to make investments or acquisitions or provide needed working capital, we may require additional financing from other sources. Our ability to obtain such additional financing will depend upon prevailing capital market conditions, including those arising due to events occurring in our industry, as well as conditions in our business and our operating results; and those factors may affect our efforts to negotiate terms that are acceptable to us. Furthermore, if global economic, industry, political or other market conditions adversely affect the financial institutions that provide credit to us, it is possible that our ability to establish or draw upon our credit facilities, or refinance borrowings as they mature, may be impacted. In addition, a downgrade in our credit rating could increase the cost of our borrowings or their refinancing, limit access to sources of financing or lead to other adverse consequences such as requirements for liens or other forms of financial assurance. If adequate funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to make future investments, take advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities, or respond to competitive challenges.
In addition, adverse credit and financial market conditions, including increasing or continued high interest rates, also adversely affect our clients' and our partners' borrowing capacity, which could result in contract cancellations or suspensions, project award and execution delays, payment delays or defaults by our clients. These disruptions could materially impact our backlog and profits.
Our indebtedness could lead to adverse consequences or adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under such indebtedness, and any refinancing of this debt could be at significantly higher interest rates.
Our indebtedness could have important consequences, including but not limited to:
•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our operating cash flow to servicing our debt, thereby reducing the availability of cash to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments and other general corporate purposes; and
•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, challenges and opportunities, and changes in our businesses and the markets in which we operate.
Our ability to service our debt will depend on our future operating performance and financial results, which may be subject to factors beyond our control, including general economic, financial and business conditions. If we do not have sufficient cash flow to service our debt, we may need to refinance all or part of our existing debt, borrow more money or sell securities or assets, some or all of which may not be available to us at acceptable terms or at all. In addition, we may need to incur additional debt in the future in the ordinary course of business. Although the terms of our credit agreements and our bond indentures allow us to incur additional debt, there are limitations which may preclude us from incurring the desired amount.
Our current debt and any future additional debt we may incur impose, or may impose, significant operating and financial restrictions on us. In addition, our credit facilities require us to maintain specified financial covenants. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default. If a default occurs, the relevant lenders could elect to accelerate payments due. If our operating performance declines, or if we are unable to comply with any covenant, we may need to obtain amendments to our credit agreements or waivers from the lenders to avoid default. These factors could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may be unable to win new contract awards if we cannot provide clients with financial assurances.
It is a common industry practice for clients to require us to provide surety bonds, letters of credit, bank guarantees or other forms of financial assurance as credit enhancements. Surety bonds, letters of credit or guarantees indemnify our clients if we fail to perform our contractual obligations. Historically, we have had strong surety bonding capacity due to our credit ratings, but bonding is provided at the surety's sole discretion. In addition, because of the overall limitations in worldwide bonding capacity, we may find it difficult to access sufficient surety bonding capacity to meet our total surety bonding needs. For letters of credit, we have historically had adequate capacity under our existing credit facilities, but any capacity that may be required in excess of our credit limits would be at our lenders' sole discretion. Failure to provide credit enhancements on terms required by a client may result in an inability to compete for or win a project.
Legal and Regulatory Risks
We are involved in litigation and regulatory proceedings, potential liability claims and contract disputes that may have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to a variety of legal or regulatory proceedings, liability claims or contract disputes. Our operating activities expose us to claims against us by clients, subcontractors or suppliers for recovery of costs they incurred in excess of what they expected to incur, or for which they believe they are not contractually liable. We may be named as a defendant in legal proceedings where parties may make a claim for damages or other remedies with respect to our projects or other matters, including shareholder litigation. During times of economic uncertainty, especially with regard to our commodity-based clients, claim frequencies and amounts tend to increase.
In proceedings where it is determined that we have liability, we may not be covered by insurance or these liabilities may exceed our coverage. In addition, even where insurance is maintained for such exposure, the policies have deductibles resulting in our assuming exposure for a layer of coverage with respect to any such claims. Our professional liability coverage is on a "claims-made" basis covering only claims actually made during the policy period. Any liability not covered by our insurance, in excess of our insurance limits or, if covered by insurance but subject to a high deductible, could have a material adverse impact on us.
In other legal or regulatory proceedings, liability claims or contract disputes, we may be covered by indemnification agreements that may at times be difficult to enforce. Even if enforceable, it may be difficult to recover under these agreements if the indemnitor does not have the ability to financially support the indemnity. Litigation and regulatory proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings could occur, including for monetary damages. If we were to receive an unfavorable ruling in a matter, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed. Such proceedings can also be costly, time-consuming, disruptive to operations and distracting to management, regardless of the outcome.
Our failure to recover adequately on claims against clients, subcontractors or suppliers for payment or performance could have a material effect on our financial results.
We occasionally bring claims against clients for additional costs exceeding the contract price or for amounts not included in the original contract price. Similarly, we present change orders and claims to our subcontractors and suppliers. If we fail to properly provide notice or document the nature of change orders or claims, or are otherwise unsuccessful in negotiating a reasonable settlement, we could incur reduced profits, cost overruns and in some cases a loss on the project. These types of claims can occur due to matters such as owner-caused delays or changes from the initial project scope, which result in additional cost. These claims can result in lengthy and costly proceedings, and it is often difficult to accurately predict when these claims will be fully resolved. When these types of events occur and while unresolved claims are pending, we may invest significant working capital in projects to cover cost overruns pending the resolution of the relevant claims. A failure to promptly recover on these types of claims could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity and financial results.
We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws.
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to officials or others for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. While our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws, we operate in many parts of the world that have experienced corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We train our personnel concerning anti-bribery laws and issues, and we also inform our partners, subcontractors, suppliers, agents and others who work for us or on our behalf that they must comply with anti-bribery law requirements. We also have procedures and controls in place to monitor compliance. However, there is no assurance that our internal controls will always protect us from the possible reckless or criminal acts
committed by our employees or agents. If we are found to be liable for anti-bribery law violations (either due to our own acts or our inadvertence, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others including our partners, agents, subcontractors or suppliers), we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, including contract cancellations or debarment, and damaged reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Litigation or investigations relating to alleged or suspected violations of anti-bribery laws, even if ultimately such litigation or investigations demonstrate that we did not violate anti-bribery laws, could be costly and could distract management.
We could be adversely impacted if we fail to comply with domestic and international import and export laws.
Our global operations require importing and exporting goods and technology across international borders on a regular basis. Our policies mandate strict compliance with U.S. and foreign international trade laws. To the extent we export technical services, data and products outside of the U.S., we are subject to regulations governing international trade and exports including but not limited to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Export Administration Regulations and trade sanctions against embargoed countries, which are administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the Department of Treasury. From time to time, we identify certain inadvertent or potential export or related violations. These violations may include, for example, transfers without required governmental authorization. A failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in civil or criminal sanctions, including the imposition of fines, the denial of export privileges, and suspension or debarment from participation in U.S. government contracts.
Employee, agent or partner misconduct or our overall failure to comply with laws or regulations could impair our ability to compete for contracts.
Misconduct, fraud, non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations, or other improper activities by one of our employees, agents or partners could have a significant negative impact on our business and reputation. Such misconduct could include the failure to comply with anti-corruption, export control and environmental regulations; federal procurement regulations, regulations regarding the pricing of labor and other costs in government contracts and regulations regarding the protection of sensitive government information; regulations on lobbying or similar activities; regulations pertaining to the internal control over financial reporting; and various other applicable laws or regulations. The policies and precautions we take to prevent and detect fraud, misconduct or failures to comply with applicable laws and regulations may not be effective, and we could face unknown risks or losses. Failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations or acts of fraud or misconduct could subject us to fines and penalties, cancellation of contracts, loss of security clearance and suspension or debarment from contracting with government agencies, which could damage our reputation, weaken our ability to win contracts and have a material adverse impact on our revenues and profits.
New or changing legal requirements could adversely affect us.
Our business and results of operations could be affected by the passage of laws, policies and regulations. The implementation of trade barriers, countervailing duties, or border taxes, or the addition, relaxation or repeal of laws, policies and regulations regarding the industries and sectors in which we work could result in a decline in demand for our services, or may make the manner in which we perform our services, less profitable. Furthermore, changes to existing trade agreements may impact our business operations. We cannot predict when or whether any of these various legislative and regulatory proposals may become law or what their effect will be on us and our clients.
Past and future environmental, safety and health regulations could impose significant additional costs on us.
We are subject to numerous environmental laws and health and safety regulations. Our projects can involve the handling of hazardous and other highly regulated materials, including nuclear and other radioactive materials, which, if improperly handled or disposed of, could subject us to civil and criminal liabilities. It is impossible to reliably predict the full nature and effect of judicial, legislative or regulatory developments relating to health and safety regulations and environmental protection regulations applicable to our operations. The applicable regulations, as well as the length of time available to comply with those regulations, continue to develop and change. The cost of complying with regulations, satisfying any environmental remediation requirements for which we may be found responsible, or satisfying claims or judgments alleging personal injury, property damage or natural resource damages as a result of exposure to, or contamination by, hazardous materials, including as a result of commodities such as lead or asbestos-related products, could be substantial, may not be covered by insurance, could impact profitability and materially impact our operations.
We are subject to a number of regulations such as those from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and non-U.S. regulatory bodies, such as the International Atomic Energy Commission and the European Union, which can have a substantial effect on our nuclear operations and investments. Delays in receiving necessary approvals, permits or licenses, the failure to maintain sufficient compliance programs, and other problems encountered during construction (including changes to such regulatory requirements) could have an adverse effect on us.
A substantial portion of our business is generated either directly or indirectly as a result of federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations related to environmental matters. A reduction in the number or scope of these laws or regulations, or changes in government policies regarding the funding, implementation or enforcement of such laws and regulations, could significantly reduce the size of one of our markets and limit our opportunities for growth or reduce our revenue below current levels.
Risks Related to our Equity and Corporate Governance Documents
If we issue additional equity securities, stockholders' ownership percentages would be diluted.
We may in the future issue additional equity securities to pay for potential acquisitions or to otherwise fund our corporate initiatives. If we do issue additional equity securities, the issuance may dilute our earnings per share and stockholders' percentage ownership.
Delaware law and our charter documents may impede or discourage a takeover or change of control.
Fluor is a Delaware corporation. Various anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law impose impediments on the ability of others to acquire control of us, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our stockholders. In addition, certain provisions of our charters and bylaws may impede or discourage a takeover. For example:
•stockholders may not act by written consent;
•there are various restrictions on the ability of a stockholder to call a special meeting or to nominate a director for election; and
•our Board of Directors can authorize the issuance of preferred shares.
These types of provisions in our charters and bylaws could also make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the acquisition would be beneficial to our equity holders.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
Major Facilities
Our operations are conducted at both owned and leased properties in U.S. and foreign locations totaling approximately 7.1 million rentable square feet, which is comparable to last year. Our executive offices are located at 6700 Las Colinas Boulevard, Irving, Texas. As our business frequently changes, the extent of utilization of the facilities by particular segments cannot be accurately stated. In addition, certain of our properties are leased or subleased to third party tenants. While we have operations worldwide, the following summarizes our more significant existing facilities:
Location Interest
United States:
Greenville, South Carolina Owned
Houston & Sugar Land, Texas
Leased
Irving, Texas (Corporate Headquarters) Owned
Southern California (Aliso Viejo and Long Beach) Leased
Canada:
Calgary, Alberta Owned
Vancouver, British Columbia Leased
Latin America:
Santiago, Chile Owned and Leased
Europe, Africa and Middle East:
Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia Owned
Amsterdam, the Netherlands Owned
Farnborough, England Owned and Leased
Gliwice, Poland Owned
Johannesburg, South Africa Leased
Utrecht, the Netherlands Leased
Asia and Pacific Region:
Manila, the Philippines Owned and Leased
New Delhi, India Leased
Perth, Australia Leased
Shanghai, China Leased
In addition, we lease or own a number of individually insignificant offices, warehouses and equipment yards strategically located throughout the world. We also own or lease fabrication yards in China and Mexico through various joint ventures.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
As part of our normal business activities, we are party to a number of legal proceedings and other matters in various stages of development. We periodically assess our liabilities and contingencies for these matters based upon the latest information available.
For information on legal proceedings and matters in dispute, see the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "FLR."
We have paid no dividends on our common stock since April 2020. Any future cash dividends will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
At January 31, 2024, there were 3,842 stockholders of record of our common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information for the 3 months ended December 31, 2023 about purchases by the company of equity securities that have been registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").
Period Total Number
of Shares
Purchased Average Price
Paid per
Share Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs Maximum
Number of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under Plans or
Programs(1)
October 1-October 31, 2023 - $ - - 10,513,093
November 1-November 30, 2023 - - - 10,513,093
December 1-December 31, 2023 - - - 10,513,093
Total - $ - -
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)The share repurchase program, as amended, totals 34,000,000 shares. We may repurchase shares from time to time in open market transactions or privately negotiated transactions, including through pre-arranged trading programs, at our discretion, subject to market conditions and other factors and at such time and in amounts that we deem appropriate.
Performance Graph
Set forth below is a performance graph comparing the cumulative total return (assuming reinvestment of dividends), in U.S. Dollars, for the calendar years ended December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 of $100 invested on December 31, 2018 in our common stock, the S&P MidCap 400 Index and the Dow Jones Heavy Construction Industry Group Index.
Year Ended December 31,
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Fluor Corporation $ 100.00 $ 58.07 $ 51.70 $ 80.19 $ 112.21 $ 126.81
S&P MidCap 400 Index $ 100.00 $ 126.09 $ 143.39 $ 178.85 $ 155.42 $ 180.90
Dow Jones Heavy Construction Industry Group Index $ 100.00 $ 133.82 $ 162.88 $ 243.89 $ 280.60 $ 337.69

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements. A discussion and analysis of the operating results of 2022 compared to 2021 are included in our 2022 10-K and have not been repeated in this 10-K.
Developments in Our Business
We have retained Stork's North American operations, which largely consists of our operations and maintenance business owned by Fluor prior to our acquisition of Stork. This business, renamed Plant & Facility Services, is included in our Urban Solutions segment for all periods presented.
In March 2023, we sold our AMECO South America business, which included operations in Chile and Peru. This transaction marked the completion of the AMECO divestiture for total proceeds of $144 million, including $17 million in 2023. Previous AMECO divestitures included assets in Africa, the Caribbean, Mexico and North America. Upon the sale of AMECO South America in 2023, we recognized a $60 million negative earnings impact, including $35 million associated with foreign currency translation.
In August and September 2023, we completed the issuance of the 2029 Notes and the conversion of all our CPS. In December 2023, we discharged the remaining outstanding 2024 Notes. In doing so, we irrevocably transferred interest-bearing Treasury securities to the trustee of the 2024 Notes.
In 2023, we agreed to sell Stork's European business. This transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2024. However, the conditions imposed by the SPA prevent us from classifying the business as held-for-sale. In December 2023, we sold the Stork business in Latin America, largely for the assumption of debt by the purchaser. We recognized a $93 million negative earnings impact on sale, including $33 million associated with foreign currency translation.
Results of Operations
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2021
Revenue
Energy Solutions $ 6,307 $ 5,872 $ 4,956
Urban Solutions 5,262 4,373 4,832
Mission Solutions 2,655 2,289 3,063
Other 1,250 1,210 1,305
Total revenue $ 15,474 $ 13,744 $ 14,156
Segment profit (loss) $ and margin %
Energy Solutions $ 381 6.0 % $ 301 5.1 % $ 250 5.0 %
Urban Solutions 268 5.1 % 17 0.4 % 41 0.9 %
Mission Solutions 116 4.4 % 136 5.9 % 155 5.1 %
Other (228) NM (27) NM (31) NM
Total segment profit $ and margin %(1)
$ 537 3.5 % $ 427 3.1 % $ 415 2.9 %
G&A (232) (237) (226)
Impairment - 24 (290)
Gain (loss) on pension settlement - 42 (198)
Foreign currency gain (loss) (98) 25 (13)
Interest income (expense), net 168 35 (73)
Earnings (loss) from Cont Ops attributable to NCI (60) (72) 39
Earnings (loss) from Cont Ops before taxes 315 244 (346)
Income tax (expense) benefit (236) (171) (20)
Net earnings (loss) from Cont Ops 79 73 (366)
Less: Net earnings (loss) from Cont Ops attributable to NCI (60) (72) 39
Net earnings (loss) from Cont Ops attributable to Fluor 139 145 (405)
Less: Dividends on CPS 29 39 24
Less: Make-whole payment on conversion of CPS 27 - -
Net earnings (loss) from Cont Ops available to Fluor common stockholders $ 83 $ 106 $ (429)
New awards
Energy Solutions $ 6,871 $ 6,512 $ 3,313
Urban Solutions 10,141 6,900 2,877
Mission Solutions 1,055 5,347 2,718
Other 1,461 1,056 1,062
Total new awards $ 19,528 $ 19,815 $ 9,970
New awards related to projects located outside of the U.S. 76 % 46 % 61 %
(in millions) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Backlog (2)(3)
Energy Solutions $ 9,722 $ 9,134
Urban Solutions 14,848 10,270
Mission Solutions 3,945 5,666
Other 926 979
Total backlog $ 29,441 $ 26,049
Backlog related to projects located outside of the U.S. 62 % 49 %
Backlog related to lump-sum projects 24 % 37 %
(1)Total segment profit is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe that total segment profit provides a meaningful perspective on our results as it is the aggregation of individual segment profit measures that we use to evaluate and manage our performance.
(2)Backlog represents the total amount of revenue we expect to record in the future based upon contracts that have been awarded to us. Backlog is stated in terms of gross revenues and may include significant estimated amounts of third-party, subcontracted, CFM and pass-through costs. For projects related to proportionately consolidated joint ventures, we include only our percentage ownership of each joint venture's backlog. We recognize new awards into backlog when we and our client have approved the contract (written or verbal) and are committed to perform our respective obligations. Although backlog reflects business that is considered to be firm, cancellations, deferrals or scope adjustments may occur. Backlog is adjusted to reflect any known project cancellations, revisions to project scope and cost, foreign currency exchange fluctuations and project deferrals, as appropriate. Backlog differs from RUPO discussed elsewhere in this 10-K. Backlog includes the amount of revenue we expect to recognize under ongoing operations and maintenance contracts for the remainder of the current year renewal period plus up to 3 additional years if renewal is considered to be probable, while RUPO includes only the amount of revenue we expect to recognize under contracts with definite terms and substantive termination provisions.
(3)Includes backlog of $1.3 billion and $1.8 billion for legacy projects in a loss position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
While we experienced reductions in demand for certain services and the delay or abandonment of ongoing or anticipated projects during the COVID pandemic, our ability to win work was not materially impacted by COVID during 2023, as most of our markets and our clients' spending patterns have returned to pre-COVID norms. Although many of our projects are in a state we consider normal, we continue to deal with the effects of COVID on our operating results as our estimates are inclusive of COVID effects and client recoveries. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2023, we finalized an agreement for COVID-related relief on a single infrastructure project that caused our project level revenue assumptions to increase by $127 million.
Consolidated revenue increased in 2023 due to the ramp up of execution activities on several projects in Energy Solutions, Urban Solutions and Mission Solutions partially offset by declines in the volume of execution activity for projects which were completed or nearing completion.
Segment profit for 2023 significantly improved due to higher execution activity on several projects as well as the initial recognition of inflation-adjusted variable consideration on certain downstream projects and incentive fees on a mining project. Segment profit in 2023 further benefitted from the settlement of project claims and arbitration. Despite the improvements in segment profit in 2023, we recognized charges on 3 legacy projects for cost growth and also recognized $153 million negative earnings impact on the sales of our AMECO and Stork businesses in Latin America.
The effective tax rate on earnings from Cont Ops was 75%, 70% and (6%) for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. A reconciliation of U.S. statutory federal income tax expense (benefit) to income tax expense (benefit) follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2021
U.S. statutory federal tax expense (benefit) $ 66 $ 51 $ (73)
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State and local income taxes 6 - 12
Goodwill Impairment - 10 36
Sale of foreign subsidiaries
(10) - -
NCI 13 15 (7)
Foreign tax differential, net 48 (106) (11)
Valuation allowance, net 122 194 103
Stranded tax effects from AOCI - - (52)
Other, net (9) 7 12
Total income tax expense $ 236 $ 171 $ 20
In 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development announced a framework on base erosion and profit shifting. The framework includes Pillar Two Model Rules defining the global minimum tax, which calls for the taxation of large multinational corporations, at a minimum rate of 15%. Multiple sets of guidance have been and continue to be issued. Many non-US tax jurisdictions have either recently enacted legislation to adopt certain components of the Pillar Two Model Rules beginning in 2024 with the adoption of additional components in later years or are in the process of enacting legislation in future years. Pillar Two is expected to be applicable to us beginning January 1, 2024. We are continuing to evaluate the impacts of proposed, pending, and enacted legislation in the non-US tax jurisdictions we operate in as new guidance becomes available.
Our results were significantly impacted by evolving foreign currency rates in 2023. During 2023, the U.S. dollar depreciated against the Euro, British Pound and Canadian Dollar.
Our profit margin percentages may be favorably or unfavorably impacted by a change in the amount of CFM recorded. We record revenue on a gross basis, including CFM when we have concluded that we are a principal with respect to such materials and services.
The increase in backlog resulted from significant new awards booked during 2023 in Energy Solutions and Urban Solutions. In 2024, we expect to perform approximately half of our ending 2023 backlog.
Impairment
Impairment expense, included in Cont Ops, for 2022 and 2021 is summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions) 2022 2021
Impairment:
Goodwill associated with Stork and AMECO
$ 40 $ 13
Energy Solutions' equity method investments - 28
IT assets
- 16
Fair value adjustment of Stork and AMECO assets (63) 233
Total impairment $ (24) $ 290
We did not recognize any material impairment expense in 2023. During 2022, we reversed $63 million in impairment originally recognized in 2021 when our Stork and AMECO businesses were classified as held for sale, due primarily to remeasurement under held and used impairment criteria, for which CTA balances are excluded from carrying value.
Gain (Loss) on Pension Settlement
In 2021, we settled the majority of the obligations of our then largest DB plan, which provided retirement benefits to certain employees in the Netherlands, and recognized a loss on settlement of $198 million. In 2022, we finalized the settlement of the remaining obligations of this plan and recognized a gain on settlement of $42 million.
Segment Operations
We are one of the larger global professional services firms providing EPC, fabrication and modularization, and project management services.
Energy Solutions
Revenue in 2023 increased due to the ramp up of execution activities on our refinery projects in Mexico, chemicals projects in China and mid-scale LNG projects. These increases to revenue were partially offset by a decline in execution activity for projects nearing completion and lower revenue on an LNG project.
Segment profit in 2023 improved significantly primarily due to the initial recognition of inflation-adjusted variable consideration on certain downstream projects and due to increased execution activities on those same projects as well as construction activities on a large LNG project and the effects of favorable foreign currency remeasurement, partially offset by charges totaling $91 million for cost growth and schedule extension on a large upstream legacy project and a charge for the net arbitration result of a longstanding claim. Segment profit in 2023 also included a loss of $17 million on embedded foreign currency derivatives compared to a loss of $3 million in 2022. The increase in segment profit margin in 2023 reflects these same factors.
New awards and backlog increased in 2023 due to awards for reimbursable EPCM contracts for 2 large chemicals projects in North America as well as a chemicals project in Poland.
Results for the fourth quarter of 2023. Segment profit in the fourth quarter of 2023 declined compared to 2022 primarily due to a large project nearing completion as well as an adjustment of $33 million for cost growth and schedule extension on the large upstream legacy project.
Urban Solutions
Revenue in 2023 increased due to the ramp up of execution activities on several recently awarded projects including a large metals project in the U.S., two life sciences projects and a semiconductor project as well as the settlement of a claim on an international bridge project. The revenue increases in 2023 were partially offset by declines in the volume of execution activity for projects nearing completion including a large mining project.
Segment profit in 2023 significantly improved. Segment profit in 2023 includes the settlement of a claim on an international bridge project compared to the recognition of $54 million in cost growth and delay mitigation costs on the same project in 2022. In 2023, we also recognized a discretionary incentive fee award on a completed mining project as well as a benefit from the favorable outcome of arbitration on a separate mining project. The increase in segment profit in 2023 compared to 2022 was also due to an $86 million charge recognized in 2022 for additional rework and schedule delays on a highway project recognized in 2022. Segment profit in 2023 also includes a favorable determination on a claim on a legacy infrastructure project. Earlier in 2023, we recognized a $59 million charge on this project for rework associated with subcontractor design errors and related schedule impacts, and we recognized a similar charge of $35 million in 2022. The increase in segment profit margin in 2023 reflects these same factors.
New awards significantly increased in 2023 due to awards for a large mining project, a metals project and a life sciences project. Backlog increased during 2023 due to the new award activity. Our staffing business does not report new awards or backlog.
Results for the fourth quarter of 2023. Segment profit in the fourth quarter of 2023 significantly increased compared to 2022 due to the settlement of a claim on an international bridge project and a favorable determination on a legacy infrastructure project.
Mission Solutions
Revenue increased in 2023 due to increased execution activities for 3 DOE contracts, 2 defense contracts, a nuclear power project that was recently terminated and FEMA hurricane support. The increase in revenue was partially offset by the completion of a contingency and humanitarian support project in 2022 and an airfield construction project in early 2023.
The decline in segment profit was substantially driven by a $30 million charge recognized in the first half of 2023 for cost growth associated with additional schedule delays on a weapons facility project as well as the completion of the 2 projects mentioned above, which offset contributions from projects with increased execution activities. We are conducting our due diligence to recover cost growth that has resulted from directed and constructive changes from the client on the weapons facility project.
New awards decreased during 2023 due to a large award booked in the prior year for a 4-year contract extension on the DOE Savannah River Site. The decline in backlog during 2023 resulted from work performed outpacing new award activity. Backlog included $2.7 billion and $3.9 billion of unfunded government contracts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Unfunded backlog reflects our estimate of future revenue under awarded government contracts for which funding has not yet been appropriated.
Other
Other includes the operations of NuScale, Stork and the remaining AMECO business prior to their sale.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2021
NuScale (1)
$ (106) $ (73) $ (69)
Stork (55) 45 32
AMECO (67) 1 6
Segment profit (loss) $ (228) $ (27) $ (31)
(1)NuScale expenses included in the determination of segment profit were as follows:
NuScale expenses $ (246) $ (179) $ (169)
Less: DOE reimbursable expenses 64 74 69
NuScale expenses, net (182) (105) (100)
Less: Attributable to NCI 76 32 31
NuScale profit (loss) $ (106) $ (73) $ (69)
Segment profit in 2023 includes a $60 million negative earnings impact on the sale of our AMECO South America business (including $35 million for foreign currency translation) and a $93 million negative earnings impact on the sale of our Stork business in Latin America (including cash paid to the buyer of $31 million and $33 million for foreign currency translation). In January 2024, NuScale announced austerity measures to reduce cost including a workforce reduction, which is expected to lessen NuScale's losses in future periods.
G&A
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2021
G&A
Compensation $ 165 $ 145 $ 164
SEC investigation / Internal review costs 1 38 27
Facilities 14 16 14
Exit costs 6 7 -
Reserve for legacy legal claims 3 5 -
Severance 5 1 8
Gain on sale of land and buildings - (11) (13)
Other 38 36 26
G&A $ 232 $ 237 $ 226
The increase in compensation expense in 2023 was driven by higher performance-based compensation, including annual bonus projections and the effects of our higher stock price on stock-based liability awards.
Net Interest Income (Expense)
The increase in net interest income during 2023 was primarily due to an increase in interest rates earned on cash deposits including at our joint ventures in Canada and Mexico as well as the interest savings following the redemption of the 2023 Notes. Interest income was also favorably impacted by the purchase of treasury securities at a discount to their face amount using proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes. These securities were irrevocably transferred to the trustee of the 2024 Notes in making their discharge.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our significant accounting policies are described in the notes to our financial statements. The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates are based on information available through the date of the issuance of the financial statements and, accordingly, actual results in future periods could differ from these estimates. Significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements apply to the following critical accounting policies:
Revenue Recognition for Long-Term Contracts. We recognize our engineering and construction contract revenue over time as we provide services to satisfy our performance obligations. We generally use the cost-to-cost percentage-of-completion measure of progress as it best depicts how control transfers to our clients. The cost-to-cost approach measures progress towards completion based on the ratio of cost incurred to date compared to total estimated contract cost. Use of the cost-to-cost measure of progress requires us to prepare estimates of total expected revenue and cost to complete our projects.
CFM are included in revenue and cost of revenue when (1) we believe that we are acting as a principal rather than as an agent, (2) the contract includes construction activity and (3) we have visibility into the amount the customer is paying for the materials or there is a reasonable basis for estimating the amount. If we lose visibility mid-project, we cease recognizing future CFM but do not de-recognize previous amounts of CFM.
Due to the nature of our industry, there is significant complexity in our estimation of total expected revenue and cost, for which we must make significant judgments. Our contracts with our customers may contain several types of variable consideration, including claims, unpriced change orders, award and incentive fees, liquidated damages and penalties or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the contract price to arrive at estimated revenue. Certain variable consideration, such as award and incentive fees, generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and can be based upon customer discretion. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled upon completion of a project. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable we will realize that amount. Our estimates of variable consideration and our determination of its inclusion in project revenue are based on an assessment of our anticipated performance and other information that may be available to us.
At a project level, we have specific practices and procedures to review our estimate of total revenue and cost. Each project team reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations, which impact the project’s accounting outcome. As part of this process, the project team reviews information such as any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule and identified risks and opportunities. The accuracy of our revenue and profit recognition in a given period depends on the accuracy of our project estimates, which can change from period to period due to a variety of factors including:
•Complexity in original design;
•Extent of changes from original design;
•Different site conditions than assumed in our bid;
•The productivity, availability and skill level of labor;
•Limitations associated with workforce distancing;
•Weather conditions when executing a project;
•The technical maturity of the technologies involved;
•Length of time to complete the project;
•Availability and cost of equipment and materials;
•Subcontractor and joint venture partner performance;
•Expected costs of warranties; and
•Our ability to recover for additional contract costs.
We recognize changes in contract estimates on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the changes are identified. Such changes in contract estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods. Changes in contract estimates may also result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the current estimate adversely differs from the previous estimate. If we estimate that a project will have costs in excess of revenue, we recognize the total loss in the period it is identified.
Fair Value Measurements. We are required to use fair value measurement techniques with inputs that require the use of estimates and involve significant judgment. These circumstances include:
•Impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles when quantitative analysis is deemed necessary
•Impairment testing of long-lived assets when impairment indicators are present
•Impairment testing of investments as part of other than temporary impairment assessments when impairment indicators are present
•Fair value assessments of businesses held for sale that are reported at fair value less cost to sell
When performing quantitative fair value or impairment evaluations, we estimate the fair value of our assets by considering the results of either or both income-based and market-based valuation approaches. Under the income approach, we prepare a discounted cash flow valuation model using recent forecasts and compare the estimated fair value of each asset
to its carrying value. Cash flow forecasts are discounted using the appropriate weighted-average cost of capital at the date of evaluation. The weighted-average cost of capital is comprised of the cost of equity and the cost of debt with a weighting for each that reflects our current capital structure which can be significantly impacted by volatility in interest rates as seen during 2023. Preparation of long-term forecasts involve significant judgments involving consideration of our backlog, expected future awards, customer attrition, working capital assumptions, and general market trends and conditions. Significant changes in these forecasts or any valuation assumptions, such as the discount rate selected, could affect the estimated fair value of our assets and could result in impairment expenses. Under the market approach, we consider market information such as multiples of comparable publicly traded companies and/or completed sales transactions to develop or validate our fair value conclusions, when appropriate and available.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Item is described more fully in the Notes to Financial Statements.
Litigation and Matters in Dispute Resolution
Item is described more fully in the Notes to Financial Statements.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our liquidity arises from available cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations, capacity under our credit facilities and, when necessary, access to capital markets. We have committed and uncommitted lines of credit available for revolving loans and letters of credit. We believe that for at least the next 12 months, anticipated cash generated from operations, along with our unused credit capacity and cash position, is sufficient to support operating requirements and debt maturities. We regularly review our sources and uses of liquidity and may pursue opportunities to address our liquidity needs.
Our credit facility contains provisions that will require us to provide collateral to secure the facility should we be downgraded to BB by S&P and Ba2 by Moody's, which is a one notch downgrade from both agencies' current ratings. If we are required to provide collateral, it would consist broadly of liens on our U.S. assets.
In August 2023, we issued $575 million of 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due August 15, 2029 and received net proceeds of $560 million. Concurrently, we entered into capped call transactions with certain banks for $73 million. We believe the entry into the capped call transactions provides us with significant protection against the potential dilution associated with the 2029 Notes. In August 2023, we completed a tender offer in which we repurchased $115 million of outstanding 2024 Notes using the proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes. In January 2023, we redeemed the remaining €129 million of outstanding 2023 Notes for $140 million using cash on hand.
In December 2023, we extinguished the remaining outstanding $266 million principal amount of our 2024 Notes through a legal discharge, whereby we irrevocably transferred $262 million in interest-bearing Treasury securities to the trustee of the 2024 Notes. These securities will yield sufficient principal and interest over their remaining term to permit the trustee to satisfy the remaining principal and interest due on the 2024 Notes. Thus, we are no longer the primary obligor under the 2024 Notes.
As of December 31, 2023, letters of credit totaling $477 million were outstanding under our $1.8 billion credit facility, which matures in February 2026 and was amended in August 2023 to permit the issuance of the 2029 Notes. This credit facility contains customary financial covenants, including a debt-to-capitalization ratio that cannot exceed 0.60 to 1.00, a limitation on the aggregate amount of debt of the greater of $750 million or €750 million for our subsidiaries, and a minimum liquidity threshold of $1.2 billion, all as defined in the amended credit facility, which may be reduced to $1.0 billion upon the repayment of debt. Borrowings under the facility, which may be denominated in USD, EUR, GBP or CAD, bear interest at a base rate, plus an applicable borrowing margin. As of December 31, 2023 and through the issuance of this 10-K, we had not made any borrowings under our credit facility. We have a sublimit of up to $1.0 billion in aggregate cash advances and financial letters of credit available to us under our credit facility with a current borrowing capacity of $775 million.
Cash and cash equivalents combined with marketable securities were $2.6 billion as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. Cash balances as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 include cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities held by NuScale of $118 million and $338 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents are held in numerous accounts throughout the world to fund our global project execution activities. Non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents amounted to $1.1 billion as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. Non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents exclude deposits of U.S. legal entities that are invested in offshore, overnight accounts or short-term time deposits, to which there is unrestricted access.
In evaluating our liquidity needs, we consider cash and cash equivalents held by our consolidated variable interest entities (joint ventures and partnerships). These amounts (which totaled $491 million and $706 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) were not necessarily readily available for general purposes. We do not include our share of cash held by our proportionately consolidated joint ventures and partnerships in our consolidated cash balances even though these amounts may be significant. We also consider the extent to which client advances (which totaled $80 million and $102 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) are likely to be sustained or consumed over the near term for project execution activities and the cash flow requirements of our various foreign operations. In some cases, it may not be financially efficient to move cash and cash equivalents between countries due to statutory dividend limitations and/or adverse tax consequences. We did not consider any cash to be permanently reinvested outside the U.S. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, other than unremitted earnings required to meet our working capital and long-term investment needs in non-U.S. foreign jurisdictions where we operate.
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions) 2023 2022 2021
OPERATING CASH FLOW $ 212 $ 31 $ 25
INVESTING CASH FLOW
Proceeds from sales and maturities (purchases) of marketable securities (141) (64) (104)
Capital expenditures (106) (75) (75)
Proceeds from sales of assets (net of cash divested)
(5) 95 146
Investments in partnerships and joint ventures (33) (53) (80)
Other 8 19 (9)
Investing cash flow (277) (78) (122)
FINANCING CASH FLOW
Proceeds from issuance of 2029 Notes, net of issuance costs 560 - -
Capped call transactions related to 2029 Notes (73) - -
Purchases and retirement of debt (249) (41) (525)
Proceeds from NuScale de-SPAC transaction - 341 -
Proceeds from sale of NuScale interest - 107 -
Proceeds from issuance of CPS - - 582
Dividends paid on CPS (29) (39) (19)
Make-whole payment on conversion of CPS (27) - -
Distributions paid to NCI (53) (60) (109)
Capital contributions by NCI 10 21 202
Other (12) (14) (9)
Financing cash flow 127 315 122
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 18 (38) (15)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
80 230 10
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2,439 2,209 2,199
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 2,519 $ 2,439 $ 2,209
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest $ 53 $ 54 $ 90
Income taxes (net of refunds) 169 99 75
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Marketable securities transferred to trustee to discharge the 2024 Notes
$ 262 $ - $ -
Debt assumed by buyer of Stork Latin America
19 - -
Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities result primarily from our EPC activities and are affected by our earnings levels and changes in working capital associated with such activities. Working capital levels vary from period to period and are primarily affected by our volume of work and billing schedules on our projects. These levels are also impacted by the stage of completion and commercial terms of engineering and construction projects, as well as our execution of our projects compared to their budget. Working capital requirements also vary by project and the payment terms agreed to with our clients, vendors and subcontractors. Most contracts require payments as the projects progress. Additionally, certain projects receive advance payments from clients. A typical trend for our lump-sum projects is to have higher cash balances during the initial phases of execution due to deposits paid to us which then diminish toward the end of the construction phase. As a result, our cash position is reduced as customer advances are utilized, unless they are replaced by advances on other projects. We maintain cash reserves and borrowing facilities to provide additional working capital in the event that a project’s net operating cash outflows exceed its available cash balances. As of December 31, 2023, our backlog included $1.3 billion for loss projects, including $344 million of estimated unfunded losses associated therewith. The comparable amounts in 2022 were $1.8 billion of backlog and $454 million of unfunded losses.
Our operating cash flow for 2023 was positively impacted by cash settlements on certain project claims and disputes and cash distributions from 2 of our largest proportionately consolidated joint ventures and negatively impacted by increases in working capital on several large projects and higher tax payments. We also funded an estimated $129 million on loss projects during 2023. Our operating cash flow is typically lower in the first quarter of each year due to the timing of payout of employee incentive awards from the prior year. In 2024, we expect to receive a significant tax refund.
Investing Activities
2023 investing activities were significantly impacted by the purchase of U.S. Treasury securities which were subsequently transferred to the trustee of the 2024 Notes in discharging them.
We hold cash in bank deposits and marketable securities which are governed by our investment policy. This policy focuses on, in order of priority, the preservation of capital, maintenance of liquidity and maximization of yield. These investments may include money market funds, bank deposits placed with highly-rated financial institutions, repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by U.S. Government-related securities, high-grade commercial paper and high quality short-term and medium-term fixed income securities.
Capital expenditures were primarily related to construction equipment on certain infrastructure projects as well as expenditures for facilities and investments in IT.
Proceeds from sales of assets (net of cash divested) during 2023 included proceeds of $17 million for the sale of our AMECO South America business as well as $31 million in cash divested as part of the sale of the Stork business in Latin America.
Investments in unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures in 2023 included capital contributions to a Mission Solutions joint venture and 3 infrastructure joint ventures.
Financing Activities
In August 2023, we issued $575 million of 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes (the “2029 Notes”) due August 15, 2029 and received net proceeds of $560 million. Interest on the 2029 Notes is payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15, beginning on February 15, 2024. The conversion rate for the 2029 Notes is 22.0420 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $45.37 per share. Holders may convert their 2029 Notes any time before May 2029 under the following conditions:
•if the last reported price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to $58.98 on each applicable trading day;
•during the 5-business day period after any 5-consecutive trading day period in which the trading price of the 2029 Notes was less than 98% of the product of the last reported stock price and the conversion rate;
•if we call any or all of the 2029 Notes for redemption; or
•upon the occurrence of specified events as described in the applicable indenture.
In addition, holders may convert their 2029 Notes any time beginning in May 2029 and prior to maturity without regard to the foregoing circumstances. Upon any conversion, we will repay the principal amount of the notes in cash and may elect
to convey the conversion premium in any combination of cash and shares of our common stock. Certain events could cause the conversion rate to increase, including a make-whole fundamental change or redemption, but in no event will the conversion rate for a single note exceed 29.2056 shares of our common stock, other than for customary adjustments described in the applicable indenture.
After August 2026, we may elect to redeem up to all of the outstanding 2029 Notes if our common stock has a prevailing per share closing price in excess of $58.98. In such election, all principal would be settled in cash and could result in a make-whole premium if the holders also elect to convert. We may elect to pay any make-whole premium in any combination of cash and shares of our common stock.
In connection with the 2029 Notes offering, we entered into capped call transactions with certain banks. The capped call transactions are not part of the terms of the 2029 Notes and are accounted for as separate transactions. As the capped call options are indexed to our own stock, they were recorded in shareholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of the capped call transactions was $73 million which was recorded as a permanent reduction to APIC, and will not be subject to periodic remeasurement. The strike price of the capped call options corresponds to the conversion price of the 2029 Notes of $45.37 per share. The capped call options are expected to offset potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of any 2029 Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make for any conversion premium if our stock price is greater than $45.37. The upper limit of the capped calls is $68.48 per share. If our stock price exceeds $68.48, there would be unmitigated dilution and/or no offset of any cash payments attributable to the amount by which our stock exceeds the cap price. We will not be required to make any cash payments to option counterparties upon the exercise of capped call options, but we will be entitled to receive from them shares of our common stock or an amount of cash based on the amount by which the market price of our common stock exceeds the strike price of the capped calls.
In August 2023, we completed a tender offer in which we repurchased $115 million of outstanding 2024 Notes, excluding accrued interest, for consideration of $975.03 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes. In January 2023, we redeemed the remaining €129 million of outstanding 2023 Notes for $140 million. In June 2022, we redeemed €22 million of outstanding 2023 Notes for $23 million.
In September 2023, we exercised our mandatory conversion rights on our CPS in which each of the outstanding shares of CPS converted to 44.9585 shares of our common stock, plus a cash payment of $45.23 per CPS for a make-whole premium. The total make-whole premium amounted to $27 million, approximately $2 million less than the remaining undiscounted guaranteed dividend stream. First, second and third quarter CPS dividends of $10 million were paid in February, May and August 2023. Upon conversion, all dividends on the CPS have ceased. There was no obligation for accumulated but unpaid dividends after the last record date.
As a result of the reverse recapitalization, NuScale recognized cash of $341 million during 2022, consisting of $235 million in PIPE funding and $145 million in cash in trust, partially offset by transaction costs of $39 million. In April 2022, we sold approximately 5% of the ownership of NuScale to Japan NuScale Innovation, LLC for $107 million.
Distributions paid to holders of NCI represent cash outflows to partners of consolidated partnerships or joint ventures created primarily for the execution of single contracts or projects. Distributions in 2023 related to a Mission Solutions joint venture and 2 infrastructure joint ventures.
We have a common stock repurchase program, authorized by our Board of Directors, to purchase shares in the open market or privately negotiated transactions at our discretion. As of December 31, 2023, over 10 million shares could still be purchased under the existing stock repurchase program, although we do not have any immediate intent to begin such repurchases.
Letters of Credit
As of December 31, 2023, letters of credit totaling $477 million were outstanding under committed lines of credit. As of December 31, 2023, letters of credit totaling $918 million were outstanding under uncommitted lines of credit including letters of credit totaling $345 million for two lump-sum projects in Kuwait that are substantially complete except for the resolution of unapproved change orders and extension of time claims. Letters of credit are ordinarily provided to indemnify our clients if we fail to perform our obligations under our contracts. Surety bonds may be used as an alternative to letters of credit.
Guarantees
The maximum potential amount of future payments that we could be required to make under outstanding performance guarantees, which represents the remaining cost of work to be performed, was estimated to be $15 billion as of December 31, 2023.
Financial guarantees, made in the ordinary course of business in certain limited circumstances, are entered into with financial institutions and other credit grantors and generally obligate us to make payment in the event of a default by the borrower. These arrangements generally require the borrower to pledge collateral to support the fulfillment of the borrower’s obligation.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We have cash and marketable securities on deposit with major banks throughout the world. Such deposits are placed with high quality institutions and the amounts invested in any single institution are limited to the extent possible in order to minimize concentration of counterparty credit risk. Marketable securities may consist of time deposits, registered money market funds, U.S. agency securities, U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper, non-U.S. government securities and corporate debt securities. We have not incurred any credit risk losses related to deposits in cash or investments in marketable securities.
Certain of our contracts are subject to foreign currency risk. We limit exposure to foreign currency fluctuations in most of our contracts through provisions that specify client payments in currencies corresponding to the currency in which cost is expected to be incurred. As a result, we generally have limited situations in which we have to mitigate foreign currency exposure with derivatives.
Our results reported by foreign subsidiaries with non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are also affected by foreign currency volatility. When the U.S. dollar appreciates against the non-U.S. dollar functional currencies of these subsidiaries, our reported revenue, cost and earnings, after translation into U.S. dollars, are lower than what they would have been had the U.S. dollar depreciated against the same foreign currencies or if there had been no change in the exchange rates.
Our long-term debt typically features a fixed-rate coupon. The fees we pay on our outstanding letters of credit are also fixed rates based on our credit spread. Therefore, our exposure to floating interest rates is not material. However, in the future, any new debt issuances could be exposed to increasing interest rates or feature floating interest rates.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information required by this Item is submitted as a separate section of this Form 10-K as described in Item 15.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As defined in Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures. These controls and procedures should be designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on their evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate ICFR that is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP.
Our management, including our CEO and CFO, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our ICFR as of December 31, 2023 based upon the framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO 2013) and concluded that our ICFR was effective.
Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our ICFR. Their report follows this management report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our ICFR during the fourth quarter of 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our ICFR.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Fluor Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Fluor Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Fluor Corporation (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated February 20, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Dallas, Texas
February 20, 2024

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons
The information required by Paragraph (a), and Paragraphs (c) through (g) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K (except for information required by Paragraphs (d) - (f) of that Item to the extent the required information pertains to our executive officers) and Item 405 of Regulation S-K will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year (our "Proxy Statement") and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by Paragraph (b) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K, as well as the information required by Paragraphs (d) - (f) of that Item to the extent the required information pertains to our executive officers, is set forth herein at Part I, Item 1 of this 2023 10-K under the heading "Information about our Executive Officers."
Code of Ethics
We have long maintained and enforced a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all employees, including our CEO, CFO and CAO. A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as amended, has been posted on the "Sustainability" - "Ethics and Compliance" portion of our website (www.fluor.com).
We have disclosed and intend to continue to disclose any changes or amendments to our code of ethics or waivers from our code of ethics applicable to our CEO, CFO and CAO by posting such changes or waivers to our website.
Corporate Governance
We have adopted corporate governance guidelines, which are available under "Sustainability" on our website (www.fluor.com). Information regarding the Audit Committee is hereby incorporated by reference from the information that will be contained in our Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required by this item will be included in our Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2023 with respect to the shares of common stock that may be issued under our equity compensation plans:
Plan Category (a)
Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights (b)
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights (c)
Number of securities available for
future issuance under equity
compensation plans (excluding
securities listed in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders(1)
6,328,041 $36.88(3)
8,364,067
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders(2)
336,784 $16.55(3)
-
Total 6,664,825
8,364,067
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)Consists of (a) the Amended and Restated 2008 Executive Performance Incentive Plan, under which 1,686,044 shares are issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, and under which no shares remain for future issuance; (b) the 2017 Performance Incentive Plan, under which 1,258,429 shares are issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, and under which no shares remain available for issuance; (c) the 2020 Performance Incentive Plan, under which 910,716 shares are issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, 864,071 shares are issuable upon vesting of outstanding RSUs, 1,315,580 shares are issuable if specified performance targets are met under outstanding performance-based award units, and under which 8,364,067 remain available for issuance; (d) 11,974, 30,082 and 57,582 vested RSUs under the 2008 Executive Performance Plan, 2017 Performance Incentive Plan and 2020 Performance Incentive Plan, respectively, that were deferred by non-associate directors participating in the 409A Director Deferred Compensation Program that are
distributable in the form of shares; and (e) 193,563 vested RSUs and performance-based award units deferred by executive officers under the 2008 Executive Performance Incentive Plan.
(2)Consists of inducement awards made to Mr. David E. Constable in connection with his appointment as CEO in 2021.
(3)Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options only.
The additional information required by this item will be included in our Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information required by this item will be included in our Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information required by this item will be included in our Proxy Statement, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)Documents filed as part of this 2023 10-K:
1.Financial Statements:
Our consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the 3 years in the period ended December 31, 2023, together with the report of our independent registered public accounting firm on those consolidated financial statements are hereby filed as part of this 2023 10-K, beginning on page.
2.Financial Statement Schedules:
No financial statement schedules are presented since the required information is not present or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
3.Exhibits:
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Description
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on May 8, 2012).
3.2 Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A 6.50% Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on May 18, 2021).
3.4 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on November 4, 2022).
4.1 Senior Debt Securities Indenture between Fluor Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, dated as of September 8, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on September 8, 2011).
4.2 First Supplemental Indenture between Fluor Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, dated as of September 13, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on September 13, 2011).
4.3 Second Supplemental Indenture between Fluor Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, dated as of June 22, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Commission file number 333-182283) filed on June 22, 2012).
4.4 Third Supplemental Indenture between Fluor Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, dated as of November 25, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on November 25, 2014).
4.5 Fourth Supplemental Indenture between Fluor Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, dated as of March 21, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on March 21, 2016).
4.6 Fifth Supplemental Indenture between Fluor Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, dated as of August 29, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on August 29, 2018).
4.7
Indenture, dated August 10, 2023, between Fluor Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on August 11, 2023).
4.8
Form of 1.125% Convertible Senior Note due 2029 (included in Exhibit 4.7).
4.9
Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 21, 2023).
10.1 Fluor Corporation Amended and Restated 2008 Executive Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on May 3, 2013).**
10.2 Form of Option Agreement (2015 grants) under the Fluor Corporation Amended and Restated 2008 Executive Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on April 30, 2015).**
Exhibit Description
10.3 Form of Option Agreement (2017 grants) under the Fluor Corporation Amended and Restated 2008 Executive Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 17, 2017).**
10.4
Fluor Corporation 2017 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission file number 333-217653) filed on May 4, 2017).**
10.5
Form of Option Agreement under the Fluor Corporation 2017 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on May 3, 2018).**
10.6
Form of Option Agreement (2020 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2017 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on December 10, 2020).**
10.7
Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission file number 333-251426) filed on December 17, 2020.**
10.8
Form of Option Agreement (2021 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 22, 2022).**
10.9
Form of Option Agreement (2022 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on May 6, 2022).**
10.10
Form of Option Agreement (2023 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16120) filed on May 5. 2023).**
10.11
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2021 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 22, 2022).**
10.12
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2022 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on May 6, 2022).**
10.13
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2023 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16120) filed on May 5. 2023).**
10.14
Form of Performance Award Agreement (2021 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 22, 2022).**
10.15
Form of Performance Award Agreement (2022 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on May 6, 2022).**
10.16
Form of Performance Award (2023 grant) under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16120) filed on May 5. 2023).**
10.17
Fluor Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective April 21, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 29, 2008).**
10.18
Fluor 409A Executive Deferred Compensation Program, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on November 2, 2017).**
10.19
Executive Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 22, 2012).**
10.20
Offer Letter, dated October 30, 2020, between the registrant and David E. Constable (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 26, 2021).**
10.21
Option Agreement, dated December 23, 2020, between the registrant and David E. Constable (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 26, 2021).**
10.22
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, dated December 23, 2020, between the registrant and David E. Constable (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 26, 2021).**
Exhibit Description
10.23
Summary of Fluor Corporation Non-Management Director Compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 21, 2023).
10.24
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement granted to directors under the Fluor Corporation 2020 Performance Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 26, 2021).**
10.25
Fluor Corporation Deferred Directors' Fees Program, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on March 31, 2003).**
10.26
Fluor Corporation 409A Director Deferred Compensation Program, as amended and restated effective as of November 2, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 17, 2017).**
10.27
Directors' Life Insurance Summary (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form 10/A (Amendment No. 1) (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on November 22, 2000).**
10.28
Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between the registrant and each of its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 25, 2009).
10.29
Form of Change in Control Agreement entered into between the registrant and each of its executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on June 29, 2010).**
10.30
$1,800,000 Third Amended and Restated Revolving Loan and Letter of Credit Facility Agreement dated as of February 17 2022, among Fluor Corporation, the Lenders thereunder, BNP Paribas, as Administrative Agent and an Issuing Lender, Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent, and Citibank, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Co-Documentation Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on February 8, 2022).
10.31
Amendment No. 1 to the Third Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 7, 2023, by and among Fluor Corporation, the lenders party thereto from time to time, and BNP Paribas, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on August 11, 2023).
10.32
Form of Capped Call Confirmation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-16129) filed on August 11, 2023).
21.1 Subsidiaries of the registrant.*
23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
97.1
Compensation Recoupment (Clawback) Policy for Executive Officers.* **
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document.*
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*
104 The cover page from the Company's 2023 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in the Exhibit 101 attachments).*
_______________________________________________________________________________
* Exhibit filed with this report.
** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.