EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1788999
Filing Year: 2024
Filename: 1788999_10-K_2024_0000950170-24-023915.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Corporate Information
The principal executive offices of Xperi Inc. (“we”, “our”, the “Company” or “Xperi”) are located at 2190 Gold Street, San Jose, California 95002 USA. Our telephone number is +1 (408) 519-9100. We maintain a corporate website at xperi.com. The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on this website. Xperi, the Xperi logo, TiVo, the TiVo logo, DTS, the DTS logo, Ergo, DTS HD, DTS Audio Processing, DTS:X Ultra, DTS Virtual:X, DTS Headphone:X, DTS Play-Fi, DTS:X, DTS AutoStage, and HD Radio are trademarks or registered trademarks of Xperi or its affiliated companies in the United States and other countries. All other company, brand and product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Overview
We are a leading consumer and entertainment technology company. We believe we create extraordinary experiences at home and on the go for millions of consumers around the world, enabling audiences to connect with content in a way that is more intelligent, immersive, and personal. Powering smart devices, connected cars, entertainment experiences and more, we bring together ecosystems designed to reach highly engaged consumers, allowing us and our ecosystem partners to uncover significant new business opportunities, now and in the future. Our technologies are integrated into consumer devices and a variety of media platforms worldwide, driving increased value for our partners, customers and consumers. We operate in one reportable business segment and group our business into four categories: Pay-TV, Consumer Electronics, Connected Car and Media Platform. Headquartered in Silicon Valley with operations around the world, we have approximately 2,100 employees and more than 35 years of operating experience.
In December 2023, we entered into a definitive agreement with Tobii AB (the “Purchaser”), an eye tracking and attention computing company, pursuant to which we agreed to sell to the Purchaser our AutoSense in-cabin safety business and related imaging solutions (the “Divestiture”). The Divestiture, which was completed in January 2024, is expected to further streamline our business and focus our investments on entertainment markets.
Market Opportunity
Consumer preferences and behavior around media consumption are undergoing a significant transformation, driven by new platforms for content delivery, greater availability of diverse content, and an increase in time spent consuming video content. Video content delivery is rapidly shifting from linear broadcast to over-the-top (“OTT”) platforms, impacting not just how users consume content, but also the ad-supported programming ecosystem. Our technologies sit at the forefront of this transformation, enhancing consumer experiences where consumers spend the most time - in their homes and in their cars. Our solutions not only enhance the user experience, but also enable partners across the entire ecosystem to participate in the continuously evolving content delivery value chain.
•Shift to OTT and Streaming: OTT has rapidly become a mainstream content delivery mechanism through a wide variety of providers such as Netflix, Disney+ and YouTube. OTT media now accounts for more than 50% of US weekly video viewing for adults ages 18 and older. The proliferation of OTT has created the need for a new generation of entertainment products that are centered on the OTT viewing experience. Consumers are increasingly looking for solutions that allow them to navigate across the fragmented and complex entertainment landscape of OTT content.
•OTT Advertising Monetization: The shift to OTT has not only impacted user needs for entertainment devices, but also disrupted the ad-based programming model that was centered on linear TV programming. While delivering ad-based programming to OTT audiences has presented new challenges, it has also created opportunities for advertisers to deliver customized, highly relevant, and targeted ad content to a rapidly growing audience. Since the majority of video advertising dollars are weighted toward linear TV, we believe the OTT advertising market is positioned for significant growth in the next 3 to 5 years as advertisers continue to follow the viewing audience as it shifts viewing habits from traditional television to streaming. At the same time, there is a new set of industry participants that are looking for ways to monetize the ad-based ecosystem, including consumer electronics manufacturers, Smart TV OEMs, automotive manufacturers, and video-over-broadband (“IPTV”) operators that have historically not participated in the OTT value chain. Thus, we believe there is a significant market opportunity for an independent media platform that enables participants to monetize their products through recurring revenue streams across the lifecycle of the device rather than just a one-time monetization opportunity at the point-of-sale.
•Marked Need for An Independent Media Platform: Nearly half of all Smart TVs each year are shipped into Western Europe and North America by leading electronics manufacturers who lack the scale required to support the technology, content, and monetization capabilities of a Smart TV OS and streaming media platform. The same situation is also true for automotive manufacturers. This creates a unique opportunity for an independent media platform that allows Smart TV OEMs to brand the experience to maintain the customer relationship, provide the necessary scale to secure top content streaming providers, and participate in the long-term monetization throughout the typical 5-year lifecycle of TV ownership.
•Increasing Consumption of Video Content: Average U.S. weekly video viewing of 42 hours remains relatively consistent from COVID-era highs, up from an average of 38 hours per week in 2015, driven by a number of factors, including increased availability of content catering to various consumer tastes and preferences, new platforms for consumption such as personal devices (e.g., mobiles and tablets), and disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic. Consumers are increasing their spend on entertainment devices that deliver superior experiences and simplify the consumption of content across multiple platforms and devices. Omdia S.A. estimates revenues from the shipment of these platforms and devices in North America alone (including TVs, Smartphones, Tablets and PCs, Streaming Media Players, connected Blu-Rays players, and Video Game consoles) will surpass $190 billion in 2023 and continue to grow by 3% year-over-year to 2025.
•Growing Connectivity in Cars and the Future of Semi-Autonomous and Autonomous Vehicles: As the automobile dashboard interface becomes more integral to the in-car experience, purchasing a car for its infotainment capabilities starts to move up the list of purchase considerations for car buyers. A McKinsey survey reported that 37% of consumers state they are eager to switch to cars with increased connectivity and nearly half of the high-end auto consumers express an interest in exploring the digital capabilities of their new cars. Autonomous and semi-autonomous driving technologies have made significant progress over the last several years and passenger cars are increasingly being fitted with autonomous driving features. If autonomous driving technologies become mainstream, the automobile will become a more common place for media consumption. Over time, we believe consumers will place significant importance on the quality of media delivery and will expect the quality of delivery in the car to be comparable to that of their living room including access to OTT video and interactive gaming solutions.
•Increasing Use of “Smart” Devices: Consumers have long relied on smartphones enabled with virtual assistants, talk-to-text, and other intelligent features, and increasingly want other home devices (as well as their automobiles) to be enabled with similar smart capabilities. “Smart” devices have created attractive opportunities to deliver personalized content discovery and highly differentiated experiences in the car, on par with consumers’ home media devices.
Strategy
Our business focuses on creating extraordinary experiences at home and on the go for millions of consumers around the world, elevating content and how audiences connect with it, in a way that is more intelligent, immersive, and personal:
•Pay-TV: We transform the traditional television user experience from linear multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPD”) with cloud-based DVRs into an immersive, intuitive, and hyper-personalized experience. Our iconic user experience, with enhanced imagery and relevant, personalized recommendations, enables consumers to navigate to the entertainment they want to watch in an enjoyable and engaging experience.
•Consumer Electronics: We invent and deliver audio technologies to be deployed across ecosystems in support of consumers enjoying an extraordinary entertainment or gaming experience from the living room, desktop, or on the go. We continue to develop and evolve our DTS audio technologies, leveraging our content insight and AI capabilities, to deliver immersive audio with enhanced device playback solutions that solve end user issues such as ease of wireless set up, loudness and dialog clarity.
•Connected Car: We seek to transform the automotive experience with a content-oriented multimedia experience, driven by personalization to the connected car. Our solutions immerse drivers and passengers in more of their favorite audio and video content, and also enable high quality, subscription-free digital radio. With vehicle safety systems improving, consumer expectations around consuming content become more demanding. We are innovating to create the dashboard of the future, striving to accommodate more types of entertainment, from audio, video, gaming and more to create a compelling entertainment experience in the car.
•Media Platform: We are strongly positioned as an independent media platform that allows Smart TV OEMs to brand the experience to maintain the customer relationship, provide the necessary scale to secure top content streaming providers, and generate recurring revenues by participating in monetization throughout the lifecycle of TV ownership. Our platform creates high viewer engagement with an unbiased, content-first user experience where traditional linear TV and streaming services integrate into a personalized experience that makes it easy to find, watch and enjoy content
across fragmented ecosystems. Our solutions allow advertisers and entertainment producers to connect with audiences they cannot as easily reach on other platforms. Our footprint includes millions of traditional linear TV households, where we deterministically capture viewership data throughout the home, as well as anyone streaming from our ad-supported content network. By creating an environment where users search less and watch more, we enable content producers to grow their audiences and consumer brands to increase exposure to their marketing campaigns over time.
Pay-TV
Our Pay-TV business delivers a range of User Experience (“UX”) solutions servicing Pay-TV operators on a worldwide basis with products that address the evolving user experience around TV content consumption, creating a truly unified media experience. We integrate virtual channels of internet-delivered video directly into the consumer’s primary video consumption platform to provide universal search, discovery, and consumption regardless of where the content originates. Our solutions make it easy for consumers to find, watch, and enjoy content. The following are some of the key solutions we license to operators.
Electronic Program Guides Electronic Program Guides is our interactive program guide offering that includes intuitive, easy-to-use TV listings navigation plus integrated video-on-demand (“VOD”) and digital video recorder (“DVR”) capabilities.
Our UX Solutions:
•allow service providers to customize certain elements of the interactive program guide for their customers and to upgrade the programming features and services they offer;
•provide content producers with a platform for monetizing their content;
•allow viewers to build their own entertainment bundle to truly personalize their experience with current and future program information; and
•are compatible with service providers’ linear, network DVR, Start-Over/Catch-Up subscription management, pay-per-view (“PPV”) and VOD services.
Our UX Solutions may include advertising and we typically share a portion of the advertising revenue with the service provider. Advertising revenue tied to our UX Solutions is included in the Media Platform category described below.
TiVo IPTV The TiVo IPTV Service is our most advanced platform, offering a fully integrated, cloud-based solution that powers the TiVo client software which operates on set-top-boxes in consumer homes, as well as applications that operate on third-party software platforms such as iOS and Android that power tablets, smartphones, Smart TVs, streaming devices such as Apple TV and Android TV, and traditional IPTV set-top boxes. Our IPTV solution supports multiple services and applications, such as TV programming, broadband OTT video content, digital music, photos and other media experiences. Our latest generation UX, includes a new look and feel, and our latest IPTV platform integrates all of our most advanced technologies and solutions, including advanced cross-platform conversational voice search, personalized recommendations, predictions and insights, rich video metadata, robust data collection and new back-office capabilities.
TV as a Service IPTV We offer a Managed IPTV Service that is a customizable, cloud-enabled, end-to-end streaming video solution that enables operators to quickly launch a branded, fully compliant, full-featured Pay-TV service that leverages tablets, smartphones, Smart TVs, streaming devices such as Apple TV and Android TV, and traditional IPTV set-top-boxes.
Our Managed IPTV Service enables broadband service providers, wireless network providers and cable operators to offer TV-as-a-service without having to invest extensively in video head-end infrastructure or end-user set-top-boxes. Our TV as a Service IPTV solution includes a full cable programming lineup with local channels, DVR, recommendations, Dynamic Ad Insertion and more, all with the same ease as signing up for and using top streaming services.
Video Metadata Our metadata products are a critical component of delivering an interactive entertainment experience. We offer one of the industry’s most comprehensive metadata libraries, covering television, sports, movies, digital-first, celebrities, books, and video games. Our focus on quality, robustness and consistent international depth has made us a recognized leader in entertainment metadata services worldwide.
Customers typically pay us a monthly or quarterly licensing fee for the rights to use our metadata, receive regular updates, and integrate metadata into their own service.
Personalized Content Discovery, Natural Language Voice and Insights Personalized Content Discovery with conversation services provides our customers with a way to enable their customers (the device user) to quickly find, discover and access content across linear television, VOD, DVR, and OTT sources. The ongoing investment in our Personalized Content Discovery platform enables us to provide some of the most advanced capabilities in media personalization, prediction, and voice search. The advanced algorithms of our technology understand the nature and relationship of content information and the context surrounding a user’s behavior to deliver an advanced personalized content discovery experience. Our natural language voice solution, when combined with our advanced search and recommendations technology, enables a conversational interaction between a viewer and their content experience. Engagement behaviors are then analyzed and optimized, thereby providing our customers with the insight required to continuously engage and improve the consumer experience, with the ultimate goal of increasing viewership and reducing churn.
Legacy TiVo DVR Subscriptions We offer direct-to-consumer retail TiVo DVR subscriptions in North America. The TiVo Service Platform includes a modular front-end that allows the basic platform to be used by hardware manufacturers to build set-top-boxes that support digital and analog broadcast, cable, internet TV, OTT and VOD services. Consumers purchase TiVo DVRs and companion TiVo Mini whole-home devices for a user experience upgrade to the set-top-box experience provided by a standard cable service, and typically pay us a per-subscriber or per-device fee for TiVo DVR subscriptions.
UX Business Operations and Technical Support Our UX Business has technical support and certification operations to support our products:
•we provide training, technical support and integration services to Pay-TV service providers who license our products;
•we operate the internet-based services required for our service offerings including data delivery, search, recommendation, advertising, device management and media recognition;
•we provide broadcast delivery of television programming data and advertising to UXs on TVs and set-top-boxes in major European markets, in Japan, and in North America; we also deliver similar programming and advertising data via the internet;
•we support our customers with porting and engineering services to ensure our interactive program guides and DVRs operate properly; and
•we provide customer care for UX and DVR customers to resolve data, advertising, and consumer functional issues.
Consumer Electronics
Our Consumer Electronics business provides technology solutions delivered to our customers to enhance their entertainment experience in the home and on-the-go. Below are some of the key solutions we license:
Home and Mobile Audio Solutions Our solutions consist of premier audio technology for high-definition entertainment experiences. Our DTS codec is designed to enable recording, delivery and playback of immersive high-definition audio and is incorporated by customers around the world into an array of consumer electronics devices. We provide products and services to entertainment ecosystem partners such as motion picture studios, game developers and other content creators to facilitate the inclusion of compelling, realistic DTS-encoded audio within their content. The incorporation of our solutions into consumer end devices allows consumers to experience immersive and compelling audio wherever they choose to enjoy it. Home and mobile devices that incorporate DTS audio codec technology include TVs, PCs, smartphones, tablets, set top boxes, video game consoles, Blu-ray Disc players, audio/video receivers, soundbars, wireless speakers, home theater systems, and USB microphones and headphones (gaming and non-gaming varieties). We also offer DTS post-processing audio solutions designed to enhance the entertainment experience for users of consumer electronics devices, particularly those subject to the physical limitations of smaller speakers, such as TVs, laptop computers, soundbars and mobile devices.
Pursuant to a consumer electronics device certification and licensing program operated by IMAX Corporation and DTS, Inc., since 2017, we have been offering consumers worldwide the ability to experience an IMAX Enhanced immersive movie experience with IMAX Enhanced content from leading studios such as Disney and Sony Pictures. In addition, our DTS Play-Fi technology leverages our audio technology expertise to enable a variety of high-quality audio playback options across wireless speakers, set-top-boxes, TVs, and mobile devices.
Our immersive audio solutions, such as DTS-HD and DTS:X, empower content creators to deliver more compelling content and are supported by major Hollywood studios, many cinema operators in the United States and Asia, and leading streaming service providers in the United States, Europe and Asia. We have licensed our audio technologies and related trademarks to
substantially all the major consumer electronics product manufacturers worldwide. These customers include Denso, Harman, Hisense, HP, LG, Logitech, Microsoft, Panasonic, Samsung, Sony, TCL and others.
Typically, our audio technologies are delivered as software code on integrated circuit (“IC”) chips. We license a defined and limited set of rights to incorporate our technology onto IC chips, and the IC manufacturers deliver these chips to our customers, the consumer electronics product manufacturers. We also license our decoder and post processing as a Software Development Kit (“SDK”). Our decoder software is integrated in mobile and tablet applications to support entertainment enjoyment on the go.
We have devoted significant time and resources to develop a broad range of solutions with key partners including Amlogic, Analog Devices, Cadence, Cirrus Logic, MediaTek, NXP, Qualcomm, Realtek, Synaptics, Texas Instruments, and others.
Perceive
In the machine learning area, our Perceive subsidiary delivers silicon and software solutions for edge inference. Perceive’s Ergo family of chips, IP and associated software deliver breakthrough innovation - the ability to run advanced AI models at the edge, delivering accuracy and high performance at ultra-low power, enabling a wide range of applications such as object detection, audio/video event detection and media processing. These solutions enable efficient AI inference at the edge, reducing or eliminating the need to send data to the cloud, and thus reducing latency, operating costs, power, and heat, as well as complying with increasing privacy and safety concerns of regulators. Perceive is currently extending its technology to enable inference using Large Language Models (LLMs) in edge devices.
Connected Car
We group our Connected Car business into two main categories based on the products delivered to our customers: HD Radio and DTS AutoStage.
HD Radio HD Radio is the only digital terrestrial broadcast system approved by the FCC for AM/FM radio in the United States, offering additional channels, crystal-clear sound and advanced data services with no subscription fees. HD Radio enables a high-quality in-vehicle radio experience with innovative features and digital capabilities such as real time traffic and weather updates.
HD Radio is supported by more than 2,700 radio stations offering over 4,600 digital audio broadcasts, including 97 of the 100 largest stations in the United States, and is incorporated into vehicles from Acura, Audi, BMW, Ford, Honda, Hyundai, Tesla, and Toyota, among many others.
DTS AutoStage DTS AutoStage is a comprehensive automotive infotainment offering, integrating our DTS premium audio solution, TiVo video platform, leading metadata capabilities, and legendary search and discovery algorithms to provide a vastly improved in-cabin entertainment experience. DTS AutoStage is a global system that enables car makers to use a single platform to deliver an enhanced infotainment experience for connected cars. Daimler launched the first series of automobiles featuring the DTS AutoStage platform in September 2020, followed by numerous vehicle brands thereafter.
In 2023, Xperi and BMW Group announced the deployment of the DTS AutoStage video service Powered by TiVo, across various models in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and South Korea. This video service brings an award-winning, content-first experience to the connected car, delivering free premium content across live TV, news, sports, movies and more. BMW launched the first series of automobiles featuring AutoStage video service in fall of 2023, and plans to integrate this service into additional makes and models in 2024.
Media Platform
Media Platform provides the services and technology required to enable consumers to find, watch, and enjoy their favorite media entertainment on connected devices, while at the same time, providing us the ability to monetize this engagement with certain content. We license proprietary technology and services in an independent media platform that connects advertisers and entertainment producers to audiences they cannot as easily reach on other platforms.
Media Platform includes our Vewd middleware solutions, TiVo OS, TiVo Stream 4K, connected TVs and connected cars that leverage the TiVo OS, and the associated monetization of these endpoints.
Platform - TiVo OS
TiVo OS drives industry-leading consumer engagement by delivering rich metadata, personalization, natural language understanding and voice control, and content integration services. TiVo OS provides industry-leading content recommendations based on AI-defined insights encouraging consumers to continually discover their next new favorite program or show. TiVo OS brings services from long-time partners such as Disney, Hulu, and YouTube TV, among others, and seamlessly integrates local TV, free ad-supported TV (“FAST”), and the most popular services for Ad-supported Video on Demand (“AVOD”), Subscription Video on Demand (“SVOD”), and virtual Multichannel Video Programming Distributor (“vMVPD”) services. As the TiVo OS footprint increases, the inventory of FAST and AVOD services, such as our own TiVo+ network, also increases to provide a robust opportunity to monetize this unique, connected TV advertisement inventory.
Devices - TiVo Stream 4K
TiVo Stream 4K is a best-in-class streaming media player that currently leverages components of TiVo OS with market-leading networking, video and sound technologies to provide a powerful hardware platform on which TiVo OS can operate to upgrade any screen with an HDMI connection to a smart, connected device. TiVo Stream 4K is sold via online and traditional retail channels as well as through broadband partners seeking to provide a vMVPD service and streaming media player bundled offerings to their customers.
Devices - TiVo OS for TV
TiVo OS for TV is a Linux-based Smart TV operating system that leverages TiVo OS technologies, features, and capabilities. The TiVo OS platform for Smart TVs launched in 2023 with our first Smart TV OEM partner Vestel. Since announcing Vestel as our initial TiVo OS partner, we have announced additional design wins with Sharp, Konka, and Skyworth, and have a total of five Smart TV OEMs under contract. TiVo OS for TVs is licensed as a software-as-a-service to Smart TV OEMs and will include the right to monetize all or part of the end-user content engagement over the life of the device. For Tier 2 and Tier 3 Smart TV OEMs, TiVo OS provides an opportunity to participate in the fast-growing connected TV monetization value chain with scale and cross-platform end-user insight not available to OEMs on a standalone basis.
Devices - TiVo OS for Car
TiVo OS for Car is a modified version of the Linux-based TiVo Smart TV operating system designed specifically for the automotive space. This solution is an optional feature available through our DTS AutoStage offering, known as DTS AutoStage with Video, Powered by TiVo. Our first design win was announced in 2022 with BMW and went into production in the fall of 2023, providing a living room-like experience through the display screen in the dashboard of the vehicle. With the successful launch of DTS AutoStage with Video in BMW cars, we have won an additional design with another European automotive OEM and are actively pursuing additional opportunities.
Monetization - TiVo OS
TiVo OS is primarily monetized through video or display advertisement impressions; subscription VOD, Pay-TV service bounties, and revenue shares; TV viewership data licensing; off-platform connected TV ads; and other opportunities on device clients that connect to and leverage TiVo OS.
As the footprint of devices using TiVo OS grows, we expect to monetize the devices through the following vehicles:
•Ad Supported Content: The sale of ad inventory on services, including our own TiVo+ and certain third-party AVOD services.
•SVOD and MVPD Services: Revenue shared by SVOD and virtual MVPD services on new user subscriptions activated or re-activated through our OS platform.
•Home Screen Ad Placements: Ad placements on the TiVo OS platform’s home screen by streaming services, studios, and other consumer brands.
•Data Licensing: Revenue from advertisers, advertising agencies, and networks to license data generated from TiVo platforms to inform their ad buying decisions.
•Off-Platform Ads: Household identifications taken from the TiVo OS platform and used to target other media sources.
Monetization - TV Viewership Data
We offer TV viewership data with program airing data for millions of households. Broadcasters, MVPDs, content producers, advertising agencies and advertisers use our TV viewership data, alone or in combination with third-party data sources utilizing industry-leading data safe havens, to target promotions and advertising directly, or through third-party viewer segments, to monetize their subscriber customer base.
Monetization - Advertising Solutions
We provide advertisers with nationwide or regionally-targeted advertising on our various owned or operated devices. Advertisers place ads in a variety of display formats in both traditional linear television and digital advertising for internet delivered content, seamlessly incorporated into the user interface. Using our Personalized Content Discovery platform, we also target content promotions as “paid search” by directly including the sponsored content in user interface’s recommended content carousel. We work with service providers bundling their non-TiVo advertising inventory with our native inventory, thereby giving us a more significant national footprint.
Growth Factors
There are several facets of our product growth strategy. These growth drivers include: the delivery and monetization of the TiVo OS into Smart TVs, infotainment (AutoStage) solutions into the connected car market, increased adoption of our IPTV solutions in the Pay-TV market, and unit growth in consumer electronics from DTS audio solutions. We have a long track record of developing premium solutions for the marketplace that provide an extraordinary experience for end users.
Competition
Pay-TV
There are a number of companies that produce and market advanced media solutions such as UXs, interactive program guides, DVRs, search, recommendation, natural language voice, metadata, and advanced data and analytics in the various formats which compete, or we believe will compete, with our products and services over time. Principal competitive factors include brand recognition and awareness, product and service functionality, innovation, ease of use, personalization, content access and availability, mobility and pricing. While we are competitive across this range of factors, we believe our primary competitive differentiation includes our ability to integrate all our products to create unique value for our customers.
Our platform faces competition from companies such as Synamedia, MediaKind, Kudelski, Enghouse Systems Limited, and from solutions developed by multiple system operators such as Comcast and Liberty Global plc, which have created competing products that provide user interface software for use on set-top-boxes, consumer electronics, and mobile devices. Such companies may offer more economically attractive agreements to service providers and consumer electronics manufacturers by bundling multiple products together. We face competition for our Pay-TV product offerings from customers who choose to build their own interactive program guide and DVR solutions. We believe that we provide a strong alternative to “do-it-yourself” solutions, as we have innovative, high-quality products ready to be implemented, with local and network DVR, integrated data distribution infrastructure and content, as well as third-party services (such as VOD services). We differentiate our products by continuing to integrate our broad portfolio of products into a suite of solutions and services for our customers. We believe our solutions accelerate our customers’ time to market, are superior to “do-it-yourself” solutions, and can be deployed at a lower cost than internally built products.
In video metadata, we compete with other providers of entertainment-related content metadata such as Gracenote (a subsidiary of Nielsen Holdings plc) and Ericsson Group’s Red Bee Media, as well as a number of local metadata providers. While we do not believe our competitors’ metadata sets offer the same comprehensive breadth of focus on media exploration, discovery, and management in as many regions of the world as we do, we do believe they present competition to our metadata business for each of their areas of focus.
Consumer Electronics
Our audio licensing products face competition from other third-party providers of similar solutions as well as internal engineering and design groups among industry IC providers and consumer electronics manufacturers.
Our primary competitor is Dolby Laboratories, which develops and markets, among other things, high-definition audio products and services. Dolby’s long-standing market position, brand, business relationships, resources and inclusion in various industry standards provide it with a strong competitive position.
In addition to Dolby, we compete in specific product markets with companies such as Fraunhofer IIS and various other consumer electronics product manufacturers. Many of these competitors have a wide variety of strengths that afford them competitive advantages, such as longer operating histories, greater resources, greater name recognition, or the ability to offer their technologies for a lower price or for free. We have historically competed effectively against these companies due in part to our brand, complemented by marketing efforts, being perceived as a premium offering that contains superior proprietary technology, as well as the quality of our customer service and our inclusion in industry standards and our industry relationships.
Connected Car
Our HD Radio and DTS AutoStage solutions face competition from streaming and subscription-based digital service providers such as Sirius/XM, Pandora, Gracenote, and other digital audio, video and data service providers.
Media Platform
TiVo OS. We compete for Smart TV platform adoption with companies such as Roku, Alphabet, Inc’s Google TV and Amazon FireTV. We believe the overall OTT streaming market growth, our independent position, our differentiated end-user solution, and our more inclusive business model of sharing economics with Smart TV OEMs represents an opportunity where we can establish a strong position.
We work closely with content owners, advertisers, and ad agencies, where we monetize the viewing of ad-supported content across our TiVo OS platform. In doing so, we are competing with the same platforms and TV OEMs that operate their own TV operating systems such as Samsung, Vizio and LG.
TiVo Stream 4K. We compete against products with on-demand OTT streaming capabilities offered by internet CE manufacturers. For example, many CE manufacturers have television or internet-enabled streaming devices for accessing video over the internet such as Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV, Google Chromecast and Roku. TVs with integrated streaming capabilities from manufacturers such as Samsung, Vizio and LG also represent competition to the TiVo Stream 4K.
TV Audience Data. We collect and analyze audience research data in an area where companies such as comScore, Inc. and Nielsen Holdings plc and other online data analytics companies compete for research spend from advertisers, advertising agencies and television networks. Other large companies are also focusing resources in this area including Comcast, Meta Platforms Inc. (Facebook) and Alphabet, Inc.’s Google business. Many of our existing customers are investing in platforms to enable their businesses with these capabilities. In this fast-expanding connected TV advertising market, we believe our cross-platform data insight from Pay-TV, IPTV, Automotive and TiVo OS households will allow us to create and promote a unique and compelling offering for advertisers.
Over time, we expect to see new competitors and other competing technologies emerge.
Intellectual Property Portfolio
We operate in an industry in which innovation, investment in new ideas and protection of our intellectual property rights are critical for success. We protect our innovations and inventions through a variety of means, including, but not limited to, applying for patent, copyright, and trademark protection domestically and internationally, and protecting our trade secrets. As of December 31, 2023, we held approximately 749 United States issued patents and 156 patent applications, as well as approximately 1,024 foreign issued patents and 210 patent applications. The last of the issued patents to expire is in 2042.
Research & Development
As demonstrated by our portfolio of industry-recognized, widely-deployed advanced technologies, we have a long track record of innovating in the fields of audio, and video discovery. We believe that ongoing investment in R&D is required for us to remain competitive in the markets we serve.
We have world-class talent and strong research and development capabilities in various locations throughout the world. Starting with core research, machine learning and advanced algorithm development, we continue to focus on next generation technology
solutions. Our ongoing investment in R&D, supported by a strong industry network of partners, enables us to deliver differentiated, cost-effective solutions that enhance the end-user experience for an increasing universe of addressable markets.
Legislative and Regulatory Actions
General Government Regulation
We are subject to or affected by foreign and domestic general business regulations and laws, as well as regulations and laws specific to the internet and online services, including laws and regulations related to data privacy and security, consumer protection, data localization, encryption, telecommunications, payment processing, taxation, trade, intellectual property, competition, electronic contracts, advertising, content restrictions, protection of children, and accessibility, among others. Laws relating to many of these areas are being debated and considered for adoption by many countries throughout the world. Each jurisdiction may enact different standards, which could impact our ability to deliver or monetize data, services or other solutions.
The privacy regulatory landscape has been changing rapidly, and we may become subject to new privacy or cybersecurity laws and regulations in the U.S. and internationally. Such laws and regulations could affect our ability to process personal data (in particular, our ability to use certain data or personal information for purposes such as monetization, risk or fraud avoidance, and targeted marketing or advertising, or otherwise to provide data about the end-users and/or customers and their behavior), our ability to control our costs by using certain vendors or service providers, or our ability to offer certain services in certain jurisdictions, which in turn could negatively affect our financial condition and business operations, and subject us to fines, penalties, or other liability. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) requires covered businesses to provide disclosures to California consumers and allows for a cause of action for data breaches. The CCPA also provides a consumer with the right to (i) opt out of certain sales of personal information, (ii) know the personal information that the business maintains about the consumer, and (iii) request deletion of personal information. It is unclear how the CCPA will be interpreted, but as currently written, it will likely impact our business activities and exemplifies the vulnerability of our business not only to cyber threats but also the evolving regulatory environment related to personal data. The CCPA’s privacy measures were amended and strengthened by the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA, which became effective on January 1, 2023, with enforcement commencing on July 1, 2023. The CPRA bolstered the consumer rights granted under CCPA and took the right to opt out of certain sales of personal information further to include the right to opt out of the sharing of personal information.
We are also subject to international laws (including but not limited to the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation) associated with data protection, privacy, and other aspects of our business in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere in the world, and the interpretation and application of data protection laws remains uncertain.
Our operations in China may also be subject to privacy regulations. China passed the Personal Information Protection Law effective November 1, 2021, which creates a comprehensive set of data privacy and security obligations that not only apply to the processing of personal information within China, but also to the processing outside of China if such processing is for purposes of providing products and services to, or analyzing and evaluating the behavior of, individuals located in China. The law imposes significant fines of up to RMB 50 million (approx. $7.7 million) or 5% of annual revenue for violations of the law. Chinese data protection laws are still evolving and may impose additional restrictions on companies doing business in China. Our efforts to comply with these laws and regulations may result in increased costs of doing business.
The legal and regulatory landscape surrounding AI technologies is rapidly evolving and uncertain, including in the areas of intellectual property, cybersecurity, and privacy and data protection. There is uncertainty around the validity and enforceability of intellectual property rights related to the use, development, and deployment of AI technologies. Compliance with new or changing laws, regulations or industry standards relating to AI may impose significant operational costs and may limit our ability to develop, deploy or use AI technologies. There is no assurance that we will be able to appropriately respond to this evolving landscape, which may result in legal liability, regulatory action, or brand and reputational harm.
In the United States, service providers have been subject to claims of defamation, libel, invasion of privacy and other data protection claims, torts, unlawful activity, copyright or trademark infringement, or other theories based on the nature and content of the materials searched and the ads posted or the content generated by users. In addition, several other federal laws could have an impact on our business. For example, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has provisions that limit, but do not eliminate, our liability for hosting or linking to third-party websites that include materials that infringe copyrights or other rights, so long as we comply with the statutory requirements of this act. The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act restricts the ability of service providers to collect information from minors and the Protection of Children from Sexual
Predators Act of 1998 requires service providers to report evidence of violations of federal child pornography laws under certain circumstances.
We are subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies that import or export software and technology, such as the U.S. export control regulations as administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Compatibility Between Cable Systems and CE Equipment
Beginning in 2003, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) adopted regulations implementing an agreement between cable television system operators and CE manufacturers to facilitate the retail availability of so-called “plug and play” devices that use unidirectional CableCARDs, including digital televisions and other digital devices that enable subscribers to access cable television programming without the need for a set-top-box (STB) (but without the ability for consumers to use interactive content). In September 2020, the FCC eliminated rules requiring cable providers to support CableCARD. While the cable industry has continued to provide CableCARDs for third-party devices like ours, we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any new technical equipment regulations on our business and operations. Current FCC regulations no longer prohibit multi-channel video service providers from deploying navigation devices with combined security and non-security functions, and further developments with respect to these issues could impact the availability and/or demand for “plug and play” devices, particularly bi-directional devices and STBs, all of which could affect demand for UXs incorporated in STBs or CE devices. If the cable industry decided to cease providing CableCARD support for TiVo retail customers, recurring monthly retail service fees would be affected as customers would likely cancel the TiVo service on their devices.
Human Capital Resources
The opportunities for our success and growth depend in large part on our ability to attract, develop, and retain a talented and engaged workforce. In particular, we are competing for technical talent and we need to offer not only robust and attractive compensation packages but also provide broad opportunities for our employees to make an impact, grow, and develop. As of December 31, 2023, we had a global talent base consisting of approximately 2,100 full-time employees.
To enable our talent to actively contribute to - and have a positive impact on - the overall business and culture, we have developed a set of programs and initiatives that include competitive compensation and benefits offerings, skills and management development, diversity and inclusion initiatives, goal and performance management, and succession planning. In support of these efforts, our Board of Directors monitors these programs and initiatives and provides guidance and feedback as appropriate. Our goal is to provide a work environment that empowers our teams and enables them to enjoy a healthy and productive work-life balance for themselves, their families, and their community.
Our incentives are based on merit and we have a strong pay-for-performance culture. We benchmark our total rewards to ensure our compensation and benefit programs remain competitive with industry peers. Our compensation framework for employees reflects a combination of fixed and variable pay including base salary, bonuses, performance awards, and stock-based compensation. We offer employees benefits that vary by country and are designed to meet or exceed local laws and are competitive in the marketplace.
We invest in the career growth of our employees by providing a wide range of development opportunities, including face-to-face, virtual, social, and self-directed learning, mentoring, coaching, and external development. Annual assessments are performed to identify talent needs based on department goals and to evaluate how each function is positioned from a talent perspective. We believe in the principles of a learning organization and strive to provide continuous educational opportunities for our employees. We invest in a global online learning platform where more than 250 courses and programs are offered in a wide range of skill areas, providing development opportunities for employees to become more knowledgeable and effective in their roles. We also provide technical training through an online platform, offering more than 10,000 technical learning programs. We offer customized leadership and management development programs for our management teams.
We leverage our manager ecosystem, coupled with industry-standard performance management tools, to align corporate goals with employee objectives. Employees are encouraged to create and align individual, functional, and team-based goals, track performance against goals, write self-evaluations, and solicit feedback.
We have demonstrated support and commitment to developing a culture of non-discrimination and embracing diversity, equity, and inclusion throughout our workforce. We have numerous employee resource groups (“ERGs”), employee-led, voluntary communities for groups that share similar backgrounds or identities. ERGs develop programming throughout the year supporting culture and belonging, encourage diversity, and empower employees to achieve their personal and career goals. Our current employee resource groups represent the LGBTQ+ community (PRIDE at Xperi), the Black community (Mahogany at
Xperi, or MaX), women (Women in Tech, or WiT), the Asian and Pacific Islander community (API @ Xperi), the early professionals community (Early Professionals @ Xperi), and veterans (Veterans at Xperi, or VaX). We also have formed a Diversity, Equity and Inclusion council comprised of all levels of employees and senior executives. The purpose of the council is, among other things, to identify and address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion through multiple and unique perspectives from a diverse group of our employees. In June 2020, we joined the business coalition in support of the Equality Act, a measure that supports federal legislation that would provide the same basic protections to LGBTQ+ people as are provided to other protected groups under federal law. The Board of Directors believes that board diversity is important to serving the long-term interests of stockholders and takes diversity into consideration when identifying potential director candidates.
We measure employee experience by collecting insight and understanding of engagement and satisfaction. We use an employee engagement survey, executive roundtables, and employee focus groups to solicit input. Task forces are regularly created to identify and address gaps, resulting in changes to policies and practices and benefits offerings.
Environmental, Social & Governance
Xperi will publish its latest Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) report in the first half of 2024. Our report will be available on the Xperi website.
Using insights from the development of our inaugural materiality assessment, we created our ESG program around three key focus areas: Culture and Belonging, Resilience, and Community Impact. As part of our Resilience pillar, we aim to be positive stewards of the environment. Climate change is one of the defining challenges facing our society today, and we are committed to doing our part to address this challenge head on. In 2023, we conducted our second greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory of our Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions to understand our environmental impact. This will inform our goal-setting in the future as we work to address our carbon footprint. We have taken additional steps to reduce our impact through actions such as increasing energy efficiency within our office buildings, reducing the square footage of our office portfolio, and migrating the majority of on-premise IT assets towards more energy efficient solutions.
Spin-Off Transaction
On October 1, 2022 (the “Distribution Date” or the “Separation Date”), the spin-off (the “Spin-Off” or the “Separation”) of the product business of Adeia Inc. (formerly known as Xperi Holding Corporation) (“Adeia” or the “Former Parent”) into Xperi Inc. (“Xperi”), was completed. The Spin-Off was achieved through our Former Parent's distribution (the “Distribution”) of 100% of the shares of Xperi’s common stock to holders of our Former Parent’s common stock as of the close of business on the record date of September 21, 2022 (the “Record Date”). Each Adeia stockholder of record received four shares of Xperi common stock for every ten shares of Adeia common stock held on the Record Date. Following the Spin-Off, we became an independent, publicly traded company with our common stock listed under the symbol “XPER” on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and our Former Parent retains no ownership interest in Xperi.
In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement and several other agreements with our Former Parent to effect the Spin-Off and provide a framework for our relationship with our Former Parent after the Spin-Off. In addition to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, the other principal agreements entered into with our Former Parent include a Tax Matters Agreement, a Transition Services Agreement, an Employee Matters Agreement, a Cross Business License Agreement, and a Data Sharing Agreement.
Available Information
Our internet address is xperi.com, where we make available, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our SEC reports can be accessed through the investor relations section of our website. The information found on our website and in our ESG report is not incorporated into this or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Risk factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations and that could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations are summarized and set forth in detail below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Under these circumstances, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Further, additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial also may impair our business, operations, liquidity and stock price materially and adversely. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties summarized and set forth in detail below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before you decide to invest in our common stock.
Summary of Risk Factors
We are providing the following summary of the risk factors contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to enhance the readability and accessibility of our risk factor disclosures. This summary does not address all the risks that we face. We encourage you to carefully review the full risk factors contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in their entirety for additional information regarding the material factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. The primary categories by which we classify risks include those related to: (i) our business, (ii) cybersecurity, reliability and data privacy, (iii) intellectual property, (iv) macroeconomic conditions, (v) financial matters, (vi) regulatory and legal matters, (vii) our Separation from our Former Parent, and (viii) ownership of our common stock. Set forth below within each of these categories is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our common stock speculative or risky.
Risks Related to Our Business Operations
•our ability to develop and timely deliver innovative technologies and services;
•the highly competitive nature of our industry;
•our relatively new monetization strategy may not be successful;
•our ability to develop, maintain, and expand key relationships with TV OEMs and content publishers;
•our ability to manage our disparate business operations efficiently;
•our ability to generate revenues from royalty-based and advertising-based revenue models;
•licensees delaying, refusing or being unable to make payments to us due to financial difficulties or otherwise;
•the difficulty of verifying royalty amounts owed to us under our licensing agreements;
•attracting and retaining the qualified and skilled employees needed to support our business;
•competition in the provision of entertainment offerings involving the distribution of digital content provided by third-party application and content providers through broadband;
•our ability to successfully execute acquisitions and divestitures;
•our ability to maintain enough content released in the DTS audio format;
•the sufficiency of demand for our Connected Car technologies to sustain projected growth;
•our ability to penetrate the streaming and downloadable content delivery markets;
•the interoperability of our technologies with consumer hardware devices;
•our ability to adequately manage our increasingly complex distribution agreements;
•investments in new products and services achieving technological feasibility or profitability;
•errors, defects, or unintended performance problems that could render our products or services inoperable;
•our dependence on the cooperation of third parties for the provision and delivery of our metadata;
•our reliance on third parties to design, manufacture, distribute and supply hardware devices upon which our TiVo software and services operate;
•our ability to forecast inventory levels;
•the time and expense of qualifying, certifying and supporting our technologies, products and services;
•our ability to expand our international sales and operations;
Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Reliability, and Data Privacy
•cybersecurity and stability risks, information technology system failures, and security breaches;
•legal obligations and potential liability or reputational harm related to our collection, storage, and use of personal and confidential information;
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
•intellectual property infringement claims and litigation resulting in significant costs or the loss of important intellectual property rights;
•failure or inability to protect or enforce our intellectual property or proprietary rights;
•failure to protect our brand from third-party infringement or increase our brand awareness;
•our use of open source software;
•our agreements to indemnify certain of our partners if our technology is alleged to infringe on third parties’ intellectual property rights;
•governmental and industry standards that may significantly limit our business opportunities;
Risks Related to Macroeconomic Conditions
•the impact of macroeconomic conditions, natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, or other natural or man-made catastrophic events on our business;
Risks Related to Financial Matters
•the impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets;
•changes in our tax rates or exposure to additional tax assessments;
Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters
•enactment of or changes to government regulation or laws related to our business;
•U.S. or international rules (or the absence of rules) that permit internet access network operators to degrade users’ internet service speeds or limit internet data consumption by users;
•liability for content that is distributed through or advertising that is served through our media platform;
•compliance with broadcast laws and regulations;
•compliance with anti-corruption or bribery laws;
•our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;
•compliance with laws and regulations related to the payment of income taxes and collection of indirect taxes;
•changes to U.S. or foreign taxation laws or regulations;
•litigation, claims, regulatory inquiries, investigations, and other legal proceedings;
•evolving state and federal laws and regulations relating to our advertising, marketing and sales directly to consumers;
•lack of regulations relating to the compatibility between cable systems and CE equipment;
Risks Related to the Separation
•our ability to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve from our Separation;
•failure of the Distribution to qualify for non-recognition treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•indemnification liability if the Distribution and other related transactions are taxable to our Former Parent;
•continuing contingent tax-related liabilities of our Former Parent;
•adjustments of our tax accounts if our Former Parent utilizes certain pre-Separation tax attributes;
•restrictions that we agreed to in order to preserve the tax-free treatment of the Distribution;
•the unreliability of combined historical financial information as an indicator of future results as a standalone company;
•our ability to enjoy the same benefits of diversity, leverage and market reputation as a standalone company;
•our indemnification obligations to our Former Parent for certain liabilities, and our Former Parent’s ability to satisfy its indemnification obligations to us;
•potential liabilities arising out of state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws and legal distribution requirements;
•competition from our Former Parent;
•our ability to achieve contractual terms from unaffiliated third parties;
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
•uncertainty that an active trading market for our common stock will be sustained;
•our inability to guarantee the timing, amount or payment of dividends, if any, on our common stock in the future;
•dilution of a stockholder’s percentage of ownership in us in the future;
•provisions in our charter and bylaws and in the Tax Matters Agreement that may prevent or delay an acquisition of us;
•the limitations resulting from our selection of the Delaware Court of Chancery and the U.S. federal district courts as the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders; and
•the limitations resulting from our status as an emerging growth company.
Risks Relating to Our Business Operations
We may not be able to develop and timely deliver innovative technologies and services in response to changes in our markets and industries.
The markets for our products, services and technologies are characterized by an increasingly competitive landscape, rapid change and technological evolution and obsolescence, new and improved product introduction, changing consumer demand, and evolving industry standards. We will need to continue to expend considerable resources on research and development in the future in order to continue to design, deliver and enhance innovative media, entertainment, audio, and machine learning products, services and technologies. The development of enhanced and new technologies, products, and services is a complex, costly and uncertain process requiring high levels of innovation, highly skilled engineering and development personnel, and the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. For example, we recently announced new design wins for TiVo OS, our embedded operating system, and DTS AutoStage video service Powered by TiVo, our in-car video service. If we fail to timely and successfully deliver these products to our customers, our future growth and profitability may be negatively impacted. Despite our efforts, we:
•may not receive significant revenue from our current research and development efforts for several years, if at all;
•cannot ensure that the level of funding and significant resources we are committing for investments in new products, services and technologies will be sufficient or result in successful new products, services or technologies;
•cannot ensure that any new products or services that we develop will achieve market acceptance;
•cannot ensure that these new products, services or technologies will be as profitable as expected, if at all, even if we achieve market acceptance;
•cannot ensure that our newly developed products, services or technologies can be successfully protected as proprietary intellectual property rights or will not infringe the intellectual property rights of others;
•cannot prevent our products, services and technologies from becoming obsolete due to rapid advancements in technology and changes in consumer preferences;
•cannot ensure that revenue from new products, services or technologies will offset any decline in revenue from our products, services and technologies which may become obsolete;
•cannot ensure that our competitors and/or potential customers will not develop products, services or technologies similar to those developed by us, resulting in a reduction in the potential demand for our newly developed products, services or technologies; and
•may not correctly identify new or changing market trends at an early enough stage to capitalize on market opportunities.
Furthermore, the decision by a party dominant in the value chain to provide competing technologies at very low or no cost, or to offer additional incentives such as marketing spend commitments, could cause our customers and other manufacturers not to utilize our technologies or services. Our customers may choose to use technologies that their own in-house engineering teams have developed, or in which they have an interest. Accordingly, our revenue could decline if our customers choose not to incorporate our technologies in their products, or if they sell fewer products incorporating our technologies. Our failure to successfully develop new and improved products, services and technologies, including as a result of any of the risks described above, may reduce our future growth and profitability and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our products and services face intense competition from various sources, and we may not be able to compete effectively.
We expect that our technologies will continue to compete with technologies of internal design groups at competing companies or from our customers. The internal design groups of these companies create their own audio, entertainment, and media solutions. If these internal design groups introduce unique solutions that are comparable or superior to our technology, they may not need to license our technology. These groups may design technology that is less expensive to implement or that enables products with higher performance or additional features. Many of these groups have substantially greater resources, greater financial strength and lower cost structures which may allow them to undercut our price. They also have the inherent advantage of access to internal corporate strategies, technology road maps and technical information. As a result, they may be
able to bring alternative solutions to market more easily and quickly. We face competitive risks across all our businesses, including:
•our Media Platform and Pay-TV solutions face significant competition from companies that produce and market TV operating systems, program guides and television schedule information in a variety of formats, including passive and interactive on-screen electronic guide services, online listings, over the top applications and against customers and potential customers who choose to build their own TV operating systems or interactive program guide;
•our advanced video solutions compete with other CE products and home entertainment services (such as Roku, AppleTV, Amazon FireTV and Chromecast) as well as products and service offerings built by other service providers or their suppliers for consumer spending;
•our Smart TV solutions compete with other operating systems for Smart TVs, including TV manufacturers with their own in-house solutions (e.g., Samsung with Tizen) or TV manufacturers that use competing third-party solutions (e.g., Google TV).
•our Consumer Electronics and audio technologies compete with other providers of audio products and services such as Dolby and Sonos, with Dolby being the primary competitor in high-definition audio processing and enjoying advantages in selling its digital multi-channel audio technology, having introduced such technology before we did and having achieved mandatory standard status in product categories that we have not, including terrestrial digital TV broadcasts in the United States;
•our Connected Car technologies compete with internal design groups of automotive manufacturers and other automobile technology suppliers that provide similar technologies by employing different approaches; and
•our competitive position is affected by the rate of adoption and incorporation of our technologies by semiconductor manufacturers, assemblers, foundries, manufacturers of consumer and communication electronics, and the automotive and surveillance industry.
In the future, our licensed technologies may also compete with other emerging technologies that may be less expensive and provide higher performance than our solutions. Companies with these competing technologies may also have greater resources. Technological change could render our technologies obsolete, and new, competitive technologies could emerge that achieve broad adoption and adversely affect the use of our technologies and intellectual property.
Some of our current or future competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do, may enjoy greater brand recognition than we do, or may have more experience or advantages than we have in the markets in which they compete. Further, many of the consumer hardware and software products that include our technologies also include technologies developed by our competitors. In order for us to remain competitive in this market, we must continue to invest significant resources in innovation and product development in order to enhance our technologies and our existing products and services and introduce new high-quality technologies, products and services to meet the wide variety of such competitive pressures. Our ability to generate revenue from our business will suffer if we fail to do so successfully.
Our monetization strategy is relatively new and may not be successful, which could adversely impact our business.
Our Media Platform’s monetization strategy depends on our ability to generate revenue from advertisers, primarily from the sale of digital advertising and related services and media and entertainment promotional spending. Our success will depend on our ability to increase the number of active users and the number of hours that are viewed by them. As the user base grows and we increase the amount of content offered and viewed by users, we will need to effectively monetize the user base based on their viewing activity. Our ability to deliver more relevant advertisements to users and to increase the value of our services to advertisers depends in part on the collection or use of user engagement data, which may be restricted or prevented due to a number of factors including users having the ability to opt out from our, our service providers’, or our advertising partners’ collection and use of this data, restrictions imposed by advertisers, content providers, or service providers, changes in technology, and developments in laws, regulations, and industry standards. If users spend most of their time within content where we have limited or no ability to place advertisements or leverage user information, users opt out from our ability to collect data for use in providing more relevant advertisements, or we are otherwise not able to collect or use such information, we may not be able to achieve the expected growth in monetization revenue or profitability. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in executing our monetization strategy, or in accurately forecasting potential revenues from our Media Platform solutions.
Our Media Platform business may not be successful in developing, maintaining, and expanding key relationships with TV OEMs and content publishers.
Our monetization strategy depends on our ability to develop, maintain and expand our relationships with key TV manufacturing partners and content publishers. The initial focus of TiVo OS was to launch in Smart TVs in the EU market, which is a relatively new market for our Media Platform business. However, the overall success of our monetization strategy will depend in part on our ability to expand TiVo OS into additional Smart TVs for the United States and other international markets.
We need to identify, establish and maintain relationships with content publishers to provide users with popular streaming services, channels and content. Furthermore, we need to develop new relationships with local content partners or enter into new arrangements with existing content publishers as we enter into new international markets or expand our services and features. Some TV manufacturers will not deploy TiVo OS unless specific content publishers are on the platform, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure relationships with the key content publishers.
We do not typically receive license revenue from our TiVo OS arrangements with TV manufacturers, and we expect to incur significant expenses in connection with these commercial agreements. The primary economic benefits that we expect to derive from these license arrangements will be indirect, primarily from growing the number of active users to generate advertising-related revenue. If these arrangements do not result in an increase in active users, or if that growth does not result in an increase in advertising-related revenue, our business may be harmed. If we are not successful in maintaining existing and creating new relationships with TV manufacturing partners, or if we encounter technological, content licensing, or other impediments to these relationships, our ability to grow our business could be adversely impacted. In addition, if our TV manufacturing partners reduce their forecasts or delay the market launch dates for distributing Smart TVs with TiVo OS, or if they choose to deploy with a competitor’s operating system or develop their own operating system, our business may be harmed.
We may not be able to manage our disparate business operations efficiently, which may lead to disposition of such business and related assets.
Our effort to rationalize our disparate business operations could require our management to refocus on certain business operations while disinvesting in others. Additionally, as business strategy and product markets continue to evolve, we may dispose, discontinue, or divest product lines or business divisions. Disposing or discontinuing existing product lines or business divisions, or separating business units, provides no assurance that operating expenses will be reduced or will not cause us to incur material charges associated with such decisions.
Furthermore, the disposition or discontinuance of an existing product line or business division, or separation or spinoff of a business unit, entails various risks, including the risk of not being able to obtain a purchaser, or, if obtained, that the purchase price may not be equal to at least the net asset book value for the product line or business unit, or the value that investors place on it as reflected by our stock price. Other risks of such actions include adversely affecting employee morale, managing the expectations of, and maintaining good relations with, customers of disposed or discontinued product lines or business divisions, which could prevent selling other products to them. We may also incur other significant liabilities and costs associated with disposal or discontinuance of product lines or business divisions, or separation of business units, including employee severance costs, relocation expenses, impairment of lease obligations and long-lived assets, and expenses associated with tax, legal and financial advisers. The effects of such actions may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business depends, in part, on royalty-based and advertising-based revenue models, which are inherently risky.
Our business is dependent, in part, on future royalties and/or advertising revenues paid to us by customers and partners. Royalty payments under our licenses may be based upon, among other things, the number of subscribers for Pay-TV, a percent of net sales, a per-unit sold basis or a fixed monthly, quarterly or annual amount. Advertising-related revenue may be based upon, among other things, the number of users who watch a particular service, availability of inventory, advertiser interest and opportunities to personalize advertisements. We are dependent upon our ability to structure, negotiate and enforce agreements for the determination and payment of royalties and advertising-based revenue, as well as upon our customers’ and partners’ compliance with their agreements. We face risks inherent in royalty-based and/or advertising-based business models, many of which are outside of our control, such as the following:
•the number of subscribers our Pay-TV customers have or the number of set top boxes our Pay-TV customers provide to their end-user subscribers;
•the number of end users and time spent viewing content and advertising available within devices that incorporate our licensed technology;
•the rate of adoption and incorporation of our technology by semiconductor manufacturers, assemblers, foundries, manufacturers of consumer and communication electronics, and the TV, automotive, consumer electronics, and surveillance industries;
•the willingness and ability of advertisers to use our advertising placements that are available via our licensed technology;
•the allocation by advertisers of their budgets to traditional advertising, such as traditional television, radio and print, and to advertising through social media and other digital platforms;
•the willingness and ability of content owners and content aggregators to make their content available via our licensed technology;
•the willingness and ability of advertising technology partners to license their products and services to us for use in our licensed technology;
•the willingness and ability of suppliers to produce materials and equipment that support our licensed technology in a quantity sufficient to enable volume manufacturing;
•ability of our customers to purchase such materials and equipment on a cost-effective and timely basis;
•the length of the design cycle and our customers’ ability to successfully integrate certain of our technologies into integrated circuits;
•the demand for products that incorporate our licensed technology;
•the cyclicality of supply and demand for products using our licensed technology;
•the seasonal nature of advertising consumption and the associated variance to revenue based on those changes;
•the impact of economic downturns and labor disruptions such as strikes; and
•the impact of poor financial performance of our customers.
For example, the ability to enjoy digital entertainment content downloaded or streamed over the internet has caused some consumers to elect to cancel their Pay-TV subscriptions. If our Pay-TV customers are unable to maintain their subscriber bases, the royalties they owe us will decline. In addition, large streaming platforms such as Netflix, Disney+ and Amazon Prime Video have launched ad-supported tiers in their streaming services, which may further increase competition for streaming advertising revenue. Also, the recent strikes called by the Writers Guild of America and SAG-AFTRA reduced the demand for advertising and media and entertainment promotional spending campaigns, which could negatively impact our business and results of operations. Although the strikes have been resolved, there can be no assurance that there would not be reduced demand for advertising and media and entertainment promotional spending campaigns for a period of time, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our licensees may delay, refuse to or be unable to make payments to us due to financial difficulties or otherwise, or shift their licensed products to other companies to lower their royalties to us.
A number of our customers may face severe financial difficulties from time to time, which may result in their inability to make payments to us in a timely manner, or at all. In addition, we have had a history of, and we may in the future experience, customers that delay or refuse to make payments owed to us under license or settlement agreements. Our customers may also merge with or may shift the manufacture of licensed products to companies that are not currently licensees of our technology. This could make the collection process complex, difficult, and costly, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
It is difficult for us to verify royalty amounts owed to us under our licensing agreements, and this may cause us to lose revenue.
The terms of our license agreements often require our customers to document their use of our technology and report related data to us on a quarterly basis. Although our license terms generally give us the right to audit books and records of our customers to verify this information, audits can be expensive, time consuming, and may not be cost justified based on our understanding of our customers’ businesses, especially given the international nature of our customers. Our license compliance program audits certain customers to review the accuracy of the information contained in their royalty reports in an effort to decrease the likelihood that we will not receive the royalty to which we are entitled under the terms of our license agreements, but we cannot ensure that such audits will be effective to that end.
Competition for employees is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain the qualified and skilled employees needed to support our business.
Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to recruit and retain key management, technical, sales, marketing, finance, and other critical personnel. Competition for qualified management, technical and other personnel is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. If we fail to attract and retain qualified employees, including internationally, our ability to grow our business could be harmed.
Competition for people with the specific skills that we require is significant. In order to attract and retain personnel in a competitive marketplace, we believe that we must provide a competitive compensation package, including cash and equity-based compensation. Volatility in our stock price may from time to time adversely affect our ability to recruit or retain employees. If we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees, or conversely, if we fail to manage employee performance or reduce staffing levels when required by market conditions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We face competitive risks in the provision of entertainment offerings involving the distribution of digital content provided by third party application and content providers through broadband.
We have previously launched access in certain of our products and services to the entertainment offerings of Amazon Prime Video, Netflix, Hulu Plus, HBO Max, Disney+, VUDU, Paramount+, Peacock, and others for the distribution of digital content directly to broadband-connected TiVo devices. These entertainment offerings typically involve no significant long-term commitments. We face competitive, technological and business risks in our ongoing provision of entertainment offerings involving the distribution of digital content through broadband to consumer televisions with such offerings, including the availability of premium and high-definition content, as well as the speed and quality of the delivery of such content to partner devices. For instance, we face increased competition from a growing number of broadband-enabled devices from providers such as Roku, Apple TV, Amazon FireTV and Chromecast that provide broadband-delivered digital content directly to a consumer’s television connected to such a device. Additionally, we face competition from online content providers and other personal computer (“PC”) software providers who deliver digital content directly to a consumer’s PC, which in some cases may then be viewed on a consumer’s television. The TiVo OS solution faces competition from other Smart TV operating systems, as well as non-Smart TVs that utilize broadband-enabled devices. If we are unable to provide a competitive entertainment offering on our own, or an equivalent offering with other third parties, the attractiveness of the TiVo service to new users would be harmed as consumers increasingly look for new ways to receive and view digital content and our ability to retain and attract users would be harmed. Recent rapid transformation in licensing and distribution of digital content has made the industry less predictable and more volatile and if we are unable to adapt to developments in this space, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
Our future success depends on our ability to establish and maintain licensing relationships with companies in related business fields, including:
•Pay-TV service providers;
•Operators of entertainment content distributors, including pay-per-view (“PPV”) and video-on-demand (“VOD”) networks;
•TV OEMs and ODMs, CE, digital set-top hardware manufacturers, and personal computer manufacturers; TV main board manufacturers, and chip manufacturers;
•motion-picture studios, networks streaming partners (including content aggregators and SVOD, FAST, and AVOD providers), and other content providers;
•semiconductor and equipment manufacturers;
•content rights holders;
•retailers and advertisers and advertising technology partners;
•digital rights management suppliers; and
•internet portals and other digital distribution companies.
Substantially all of our license agreements are non-exclusive, and therefore our licensees are free to enter into similar agreements with third parties, including our competitors. Our licensees may develop or pursue alternative technologies either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors.
Some of our third-party license arrangements require that we license others’ technologies and/or integrate our solutions with others. In addition, we rely on third parties to report usage and volume information to us. Delays, errors or omissions in this information could harm our business. If these third parties choose not to support integration efforts or delay the integration of our solutions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
Relationships have historically played an important role in the entertainment industries that we serve. If we fail to maintain and strengthen these relationships, these industry participants may not purchase and use our technologies or facilitate the adoption of our technologies, which will harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and may make it more difficult for us to enter into new markets. In addition, if major industry participants form strategic relationships that exclude us, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially adversely affected.
Our pursuit of acquisitions and divestitures may adversely affect our business operations or stock price if we cannot successfully execute our strategies.
We have made several acquisitions, domestically and internationally, and recently divested our imaging and in-car monitoring business. Our current plan is to continue to acquire or divest assets, technologies, or companies where we believe the transaction would be strategic to our future business or otherwise would be in the best interest of the Company and our stockholders. Acquisitions and divestitures involve challenges in terms of successful integration or separation, as applicable, of technologies, products, services, and employees. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions or divestitures we may complete in the future, and we may not be able to successfully incorporate or separate the applicable services, products, or technologies, or integrate or separate personnel from the applicable businesses, in which case our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
The changes resulting from acquisitions and divestitures may place a significant strain on our management team and on our operational and financial systems, procedures, and controls. Our future success will depend, in part, upon the ability of our management team to manage such changes effectively, requiring our management to:
•recruit, hire, and train additional personnel, or effectively manage the transition of exiting personnel;
•transition and improve our operational and financial systems, procedures, and controls;
•maintain our cost structure at an appropriate level based on the royalties, revenue and cash we forecast and generate;
•manage multiple concurrent development projects; and
•manage operations in multiple time zones with different cultures and languages.
Financing for future acquisitions may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If we use our equity securities to fund the acquisition, it may result in significant dilution to our existing stockholders. If we identify an appropriate acquisition candidate for any of our businesses, we may not be able to negotiate the terms of the acquisition successfully, finance the acquisition or integrate the acquired business, products, service offerings, technologies or employees into our existing business and operations. Future acquisitions and divestitures may not be well-received by the investment community, which may cause the value of our stock to fall. We cannot ensure that we will be able to successfully complete any acquisition or divestiture in the future. Further, the terms of our indebtedness constrain our ability to make and finance additional acquisitions or divestitures.
We may not be able to maintain enough content released in the DTS audio format, which may reduce demand for our technologies, products, and services.
We expect to derive a significant percentage of our revenue from the technologies, products, and services that we offer to manufacturers of consumer electronics products. We believe that demand for our audio technologies in growing markets for multi-channel and/or high-resolution audio, including TVs, tablets, mobile phones, video game consoles, automobiles, and soundbars, will be based on the amount, quality, and popularity of content (such as movies, TV shows, music, and games) either released in the DTS audio format or capable of being coded and played in the DTS format.
In particular, our ability to penetrate the growing markets in the network-connected space depends on the presence of streaming and downloadable content released in the DTS audio format. We generally do not have contracts that require providers of streaming and downloadable content to develop and release such content in a DTS audio format. Accordingly, our revenue could decline if these providers elect not to incorporate DTS audio into their content or if they sell less content that incorporates DTS audio.
In addition, we may not be successful in maintaining existing relationships or developing new relationships with partners or content providers. As a result, we cannot ensure that a sufficient amount of content will be released in a DTS audio format or that manufacturers will continue offering DTS decoders in the consumer electronics products that they sell. For example, an agreement between DTS, Inc. and IMAX Corporation (“IMAX”) expired on December 31, 2023, and the parties have been in active discussions for the possible renewal of the agreement. If the parties are not able to renew the agreement, DTS will not be able to sign new agreements with product manufacturers to support our business, or if the terms of the renewal are less favorable to us, our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including revenues from our DTS audio technologies, could be materially adversely affected.
Demand for our Connected Car technologies, including HD Radio and DTS AutoStage, may be insufficient to sustain projected growth.
Demand for and adoption of our Connected Car technologies, including HD Radio and DTS AutoStage, may not be sufficient for us to continue to increase the number of customers for these technologies, which include IC manufacturers, manufacturers of broadcast transmission equipment, consumer electronics product manufacturers, component manufacturers, data service providers, manufacturers of specialized and test equipment and radio broadcasters, automobile manufacturers and Tier 1 suppliers to automobile manufacturers.
Demand for our automotive technologies also may be impacted by declines in the automotive industry, which historically has been cyclical and experienced downturns during declining economic conditions. The persistent downturn in the automotive markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and related events reduced demand for these technologies. There is no guarantee that growth trends will return to our pre-pandemic level, and a sustained reduction in our automotive-based royalties may cause us to fail to meet our previously projected growth rates. Furthermore, demand for and adoption of our HD Radio and DTS AutoStage technologies and services may not continue to increase and may face increased competition from existing suppliers or new entrants providing the same or similar services.
Among other things, continuing and increased consumer acceptance of HD Radio technology will depend upon:
•the number of radio stations broadcasting digitally using HD Radio technology;
•the willingness of automobile manufacturers to include HD Radio receivers in their vehicles;
•the willingness of Tier 1 suppliers to incorporate HD Radio technology into their products;
•the cost and availability of HD Radio enabled products; and
•the marketing and pricing strategies that we employ and that are employed by our customers and retailers.
Continuing and increased consumer acceptance of DTS AutoStage technology will depend upon, among other things:
•the willingness of automobile manufacturers to include DTS AutoStage technology in their vehicles;
•the willingness of Tier 1 suppliers to incorporate DTS AutoStage technology into their products;
•the deployment of broadband connectivity in vehicles, including through built-in modems or phone tethering;
•the demand by end users for the services provided by the DTS AutoStage technology in their vehicles;
•the ability to scale and provide the DTS AutoStage services without service interruptions;
•the ability to acquire content or licenses to content distributed by the DTS AutoStage services;
•the continued participation and support by broadcasters and content owners of the DTS AutoStage technology and services; and
•the marketing and pricing strategies that we employ and that are employed by our customers and retailers.
The DTS AutoStage technology is dependent on broadband connectivity within the vehicle. A slower deployment or adoption of broadband connectivity within automobiles could negatively impact the deployment of DTS AutoStage technology. The DTS AutoStage technology and services also rely upon content and metadata, which may have been licensed or acquired from third-party content owners or licensors, third-party service providers, and internet and intranet infrastructure outside of our control.
If we are unable to further penetrate the streaming and downloadable content delivery markets and adapt our technologies for those markets, our royalties and ability to grow our business could be adversely impacted.
Prior to the advent of streaming and downloadable content services, video and audio content was purchased and consumed primarily via optical disc-based media. The growth of the internet and network-connected device usage, along with the rapid advancement of online and mobile content delivery, has resulted in download and streaming services becoming mainstream with consumers in various parts of the world. We expect the shift away from optical disc-based media to streaming and downloadable content consumption to continue. If we fail to continue to further penetrate the streaming and downloadable content delivery market, our business could suffer.
The services that provide content from the internet are not generally governed by international or national standards and are thus free to choose any media format(s) to deliver their products and services. This freedom of choice on the part of online content providers could limit our ability to grow if such content providers do not incorporate our technologies into their services, which could affect demand for our technologies.
Furthermore, our inclusion in mobile and other network-connected devices may be less profitable for us than optical disc players. The online and mobile markets are characterized by intense competition, evolving industry standards and business and distribution models, disruptive software and hardware technology developments, frequent new product and service introductions, short product and service life cycles, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers, all of which may result in downward pressure on pricing. If we are unable to adequately and timely respond to the foregoing, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The success of certain of our solutions depends on the interoperability of our technologies with consumer hardware devices.
To be successful, we design certain of our solutions to interoperate effectively with a variety of consumer hardware devices, including PCs, tablets, smartphones, TVs, set-top boxes, video game consoles, MP3 devices, multi-media storage devices, portable media players, DVD players and recorders, and Blu-ray players. Certain of our TiVo products rely on multiple systems operator support of CableCARD. We depend on significant cooperation with manufacturers of these devices and the components integrated into these devices, as well as software providers that create the operating systems for such devices, to incorporate certain of our technologies into their product offerings and ensure consistent playback of encoded files. Currently, a limited number of devices are designed to support certain of our technologies. If we are unsuccessful in causing component manufacturers, device manufacturers and software providers to integrate certain of our technologies into their product offerings, those technologies may become less accessible to consumers, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our failure to adequately manage our increasingly complex distribution agreements, including licensing, development and engineering services, may cause unexpected delays and loss of revenue in the deployment of advanced television solutions.
In connection with our deployment arrangements for TiVo Pay-TV products, we engage in complex licensing, development and engineering services arrangements with our marketing partners and distributors. These deployment agreements with television service providers usually provide for some or all of the following deliverables: software engineering services, solution integration services, hosting the TiVo service, maintenance and support. In general, these contracts are long-term and complex and often rely on the timely performance of such television service provider’s third-party vendors that are outside of our control. The engineering services and technology we agree to provide and/or develop may be essential to the functionality of the licensed software and delivered product or such software may involve significant customization and modification for each customer. We have experienced in the past, and may in the future experience, delays in delivery with television service providers as well as significant increases in expected costs of development and performance in certain instances. Additional delays could lead to additional costs and adverse accounting treatments, potentially resulting in us recognizing costs earlier than expected. If we are unable to deliver the contracted-for technology, including specified customizations and modifications and services in a timely manner or at all, then we could face penalties in the form of unreimbursed engineering development work, loss of subscriber or minimum financial commitments on the part of our partners or in extreme cases, the early termination of such distribution agreements. In any such case, our business, financial condition, and results of operation may be harmed.
We make significant investments in new products and services that may not achieve technological feasibility or profitability or that may limit our growth.
We have made and will continue to make significant investments in research, development, and marketing of new technologies, products and services, including audio and media, as well as through our Perceive subsidiary and its hardware and software solutions for high-performance inference at the edge. Investments in new technologies are speculative and technological
feasibility may not be achieved. Commercial success depends on many factors including demand for innovative technology, availability of materials and equipment, selling price the market is willing to bear, competition and effective licensing or product sales. We may not achieve significant revenue from new product and service investments for a number of years, if at all. Moreover, new technologies, products and services may not be profitable, and even if they are profitable, operating margins for new products and businesses may not be as high as the margins we have experienced historically or originally anticipated.
For example, we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial research and development expenses through our Perceive subsidiary focused on delivering edge inference solutions. We do not have prior experience as a company in the development or marketing of similar hardware or software. We will need to continue to find and hire qualified and experienced personnel to advance this business. In addition, technologies such as those we are developing are subject to supply chain disruptions, cost pressures, extensive competition, and a relentless pace of innovation. These products could be copied or functionally surpassed by other designers, manufacturers, or innovators, some of whom may have far greater financial resources than us, and who may be able to develop products with greater capabilities or lower cost. Potential customers may also be hesitant in adopting new technologies and may instead turn to competitors who offer competing products in different deployment models. Our technologies may also require potential customers to adapt their existing software to fully realize their advantages. Delays or reluctance by customers to adapt their software could affect the success of these technologies in the marketplace, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operation.
Our products and services could be susceptible to errors, defects, or unintended performance problems that could result in lost revenue, liability or delayed or limited market acceptance.
We develop and offer complex solutions, which we license and otherwise provide to customers. The performance of these solutions typically involves working with sophisticated software, computing, and communications systems.
Due to the complexity of these products and services, and despite our quality assurance testing, the products may contain undetected defects or errors that may affect the proper use or application of such products or services by the customer. Because certain of our products and services are embedded in hardware, digital content, and other software, or rely on stable transmissions, our solutions’ performance could unintentionally jeopardize our customers’ product performance. Because customers rely on our products and services as used in their hardware, software and applications, defects or errors in our products or services may discourage customers from purchasing our products or services.
These defects or errors could also result in product liability, service level agreement claims or warranty claims. Although we attempt to reduce the risk of losses resulting from these claims through warranty disclaimers and limitation of liability clauses in our agreements, these contractual provisions may not be enforceable in every instance. Any such defects, errors, or unintended performance problems in existing or new products or services, and any inability to meet customer expectations in a timely manner, could result in loss of revenue or market share, failure to achieve market acceptance, diversion of development resources, injury to our reputation, increased insurance costs and increased service costs, any of which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Dependence on the cooperation of third parties for the provision and delivery of our metadata may adversely affect our revenue.
We use metadata in certain of our products and services, including Pay-TV and Connected Car, and we distribute metadata as a revenue generating activity. We rely on third-party providers to deliver our metadata to our customers, including automobiles and some of the CE devices that include our user experience (UX) and interactive program guides. Further, our national data network provides customized and localized listings for Pay-TV and licensees of our data used in third-party products, including third-party interactive program guides. In addition, we purchase certain metadata from commercial vendors that we redistribute. The quality, accuracy and timeliness of that metadata may not continue to meet our standards or be acceptable to consumers. There can be no assurance that commercial vendors, including metadata providers, will distribute data to us without error, or at all, or that the agreements that govern some of these relationships can be maintained on favorable economic terms.
Technological changes may also impede the ability to distribute metadata. Our inability to renew existing arrangements on terms that are favorable to us, or enter into alternative arrangements that allow us to effectively provide and transmit our metadata to customers, could have a material adverse effect on our businesses that leverage metadata, including our interactive program guide business, and could damage the attractiveness of our metadata offerings to our customers or could increase the costs associated with providing our metadata offerings, and cause our revenue or margins to decline, which would adversely impact business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on a limited number of third parties to design, manufacture, distribute and supply hardware devices upon which our TiVo software and services operate.
Our TiVo software and services operate on a number of hardware products, including DVR and non-DVR set-top-boxes and TVs with TiVo OS that are produced by third-party hardware companies. If one or more of these third parties is unable or unwilling to produce or distribute such hardware products, our business could be harmed. Further, if we fail to effectively manage the integration of our software and services with our hardware partners’ devices, we or our manufacturing partners could suffer from product recalls, poorly performing products and higher than anticipated warranty costs.
For TiVo OS, we are relying on third-party hardware companies to assist in the development, distribution and launch of a new market entry product. If one or more of these third parties is unable or unwilling to meet its obligations regarding such entry, the success of TiVo OS could be harmed.
In addition, our third-party partners may depend on suppliers for key components and services in order to manufacture hardware products that run our software, and they may be subject to risks of supply shortages and unexpected cost increases.
Additionally, certain features and functionalities of our TiVo OS, TiVo service, and DVRs and non-DVR set-top-boxes that incorporate our software depend on third-party components and technologies. If we or our third-party partners are unable to purchase or license such third-party components or technologies, we may not be able to offer certain related features and functionalities to our customers. In such a case, the desirability of our products to our customers could be reduced, thus harming our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We also rely on third parties to whom we outsource supply chain activities related to inventory warehousing, order fulfillment, distribution, and other direct sales logistics to provide cost-effective and efficient supply chain services. We cannot be sure that these parties will perform their obligations as expected or that any revenue, cost savings or other benefits will be derived from the efforts of these parties. If one or several of our third-party supply chain partners were to discontinue service to us, our ability to fulfill sales orders through the TiVo website and distribute inventory timely, cost effectively, or at all, may be delayed or prevented, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operation. Any of these events could require us to undertake unforeseen additional responsibilities or devote additional resources to commercialize our TiVo service. Any of these outcomes could harm our ability to compete effectively and achieve increased market acceptance and brand recognition.
We maintain inventories of TiVo-branded products based on our demand forecast, which may be incorrect and lead to excess or insufficient inventory.
In connection with our sales of TiVo-branded products through the TiVo website, we maintain an inventory of certain DVR and non-DVR products based on our demand forecast. Due to the seasonality in our business and the nature of these mature product lines, we make inventory decisions for these products well in advance of our peak selling periods. As such, we are subject to risks in managing the inventory needs of our business during the year and over the lifecycle of the product lines, including estimating the appropriate quantity and mix of demand across our older and newer DVR and non-DVR products. Should actual market conditions differ from our estimates, our future results of operations could be materially affected. Excess purchase commitments as a result of unforeseen changes in our sales forecast, pricing terms or cost structures may require us to record a loss that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Qualifying, certifying and supporting our technologies, products and services is time-consuming and expensive.
We devote significant time and resources to qualify and support our software products on various automotive, personal computer, CE and mobile platforms, including operating systems from Apple, Google and Microsoft. In addition, we maintain high-quality standards for products that incorporate our technologies, products, and services through a quality control certification process. To the extent that any previously qualified, certified and/or supported platform, product or service is modified or upgraded, or our business expands into new regions that may have different or additional requirements, or we need to qualify, certify or support a new platform, product or service, we could be required to expend additional engineering time and resources, which could delay the launch of such technologies, products or services and add significantly to our development expenses, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to the risks related to international sales and operations.
We derive a large portion of our total revenue from operations outside of the United States. Therefore, we face exposure to risks of operating in many foreign countries, including:
•difficulties and costs associated with complying with a wide variety of complex laws, treaties, regulations and compliance requirements;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•restrictions on, or difficulties and costs associated with, the repatriation of cash from foreign countries to the United States;
•earnings and cash flows that may be subject to tax withholding requirements or the imposition of tariffs;
•political and economic instability, trade conflict and international hostilities;
•unexpected changes in political or regulatory environments;
•differing employment practices, labor compliance and costs associated with a global workforce;
•exchange controls or other restrictions;
•import and export restrictions and other trade barriers;
•difficulties in maintaining overseas subsidiaries and international operations; and
•difficulties in obtaining approval for significant transactions.
Any one or more of the above factors may adversely affect our international operations and could significantly affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The results of our operations will be dependent to a large extent upon the global economy. Geopolitical factors such as terrorist activities, wars, foreign invasion or armed conflict (such as the current Russia/Ukraine conflict and the Israel-Hamas war), tariffs, trade disputes, local or global recessions, diplomatic or economic tensions (such as the tension between China and Taiwan), long-term environmental risks, climate change, or global health conditions that adversely affect the global economy may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, our business could be materially adversely affected if foreign markets do not continue to develop, if we do not receive additional orders to supply our technologies, products or services for use by international Pay-TV service providers, TV OEMs, automobile, CE and set-top-box manufacturers, PPV/VOD providers and others, or if regulations governing our international business change. Changes to the statutes or regulations with respect to export of encryption technologies could require us to redesign our products or technologies or prevent us from selling our products and licensing our technologies internationally.
We may need to raise additional debt or equity capital in order to pursue our business objectives or respond to opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances. If such capital is not available to us on viable terms or at all, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be harmed.
We may require additional capital to pursue our business objectives and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, including to develop new products or services, further improve existing products and services, or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional capital. However, additional capital may not be available when we need it, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. In addition, any debt financing that we secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $50.0 million in principal balance outstanding under the Promissory Note issued in connection with the Vewd Acquisition, which matures on July 1, 2025. Our indebtedness may limit our ability to borrow additional funds, limit our ability to use our cash flow or obtain additional financing for future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general business purposes, require us to use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to repay our debt obligations, limit our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business and industry, place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our less leveraged competitors and increase our vulnerability to the impact of adverse economic and industry conditions.
Risks Related to Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
Significant disruptions of our information technology systems or data security incidents could harm our reputation, cause us to modify our business practices, and otherwise adversely affect our business and subject us to liability.
We are dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure to operate our business. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store, process, and transmit large amounts of sensitive corporate, personal, and other information, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, user payment card information, other user information, employee information, and other confidential information. It is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of such information. Our obligations under applicable laws, regulations, contracts, industry standards, self-certifications, and other documentation may include maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of personal information in our possession or control, maintaining reasonable and appropriate security safeguards as part of an information security program, and complying with requirements regarding the use or cross-border transfer of such personal information. These obligations create potential legal liability to regulators, our business partners, our users, and other relevant stakeholders and impact the attractiveness of our services to existing and potential users.
Despite our provisions for system redundancy and the implementation of security measures within our internal and external information technology and networking systems, our information technology systems and those of third parties that we utilize in our operations may be subject to security breaches, unauthorized access (malicious or accidental), misuse of information by authorized users, data leaks or unintentional exposure of information, failed processes or other bugs, loss of data, damages from computer viruses or malware, natural disasters, terrorism, telecommunication failures or disruption of service. In addition, our online business activities depend on the ability to store and transmit confidential information and licensed intellectual property securely on our systems and third-party systems, and over private, hybrid and public networks. Any compromise of our ability to store or transmit such information and data securely or reliably, and any costs associated with preventing or eliminating such problems, could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our storage and online transmissions and business activities are subject to a number of security and stability risks, including:
•our own or licensed encryption and authentication technology, or access or security procedures, may be compromised, breached or otherwise be insufficient to ensure the security of customer or user information or intellectual property;
•we could experience unauthorized access, computer viruses, ransomware, system interference or destruction, “denial of service” attacks and other disruptive problems, whether intentional or accidental, that may inhibit or prevent access to our websites and infrastructure or use of our products and services, or cause customer or user information or other sensitive information to be disclosed to a perpetrator, others or the general public;
•someone could circumvent our security measures and misappropriate our information or our customers’ or users’ proprietary information or content or interrupt operations, or jeopardize our licensing arrangements, many of which are contingent on our sustaining appropriate security protections;
•our computer systems could fail and lead to service interruptions or downtime for television, other media services, or websites, which may include e-commerce websites;
•we could inadvertently disclose customer or user information; or
•we may need to grow, upgrade, resize, reconfigure or relocate our data centers, or migrate to third-party cloud storage services, in response to changing business needs, which may be costly and lead to unplanned disruptions of service.
Each of the foregoing risks also applies to the computer systems of third parties that we rely upon in our operations, including our suppliers and vendors, including providers of cloud storage and services. We do not have control over the security protocols of third-party cloud service providers, and if such providers experience cyber-attacks and information system breaches, it can harm our business operations and undercut our ability to serve our customers, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The occurrence of any of these or similar events could damage our business, hurt our ability to distribute products and services and collect revenue, threaten the proprietary or confidential nature of our technology, harm our reputation, increase the costs of our ongoing cybersecurity protections and enhancements or to remedy damages caused by breaches or disruptions, and expose us to litigation, government investigations, and other liabilities. Because some of our technologies are intended to inhibit use of or restrict access to our customers’ intellectual property, we may become the target of hackers or other persons whose use of or access to our customers’ intellectual property is affected by our technologies. Also, hackers may, for financial gain or other motives, seek to infiltrate or damage our systems, or obtain sensitive business information or customer or user information. We also may be exposed to customer or user claims, or other liability, in connection with any security breach or inadvertent disclosure. We may be required to expend significant capital or other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches, hacker attacks or system malfunctions or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches, attacks or failures.
Our product and service offerings rely on a variety of systems, networks and databases, many of which are maintained by us at our data centers or third-party data centers (e.g., cloud services). We do not have complete redundancy for all of our systems, and we do not maintain real-time back-up of all of our data, so in the event of significant system disruption, particularly during peak periods, we could experience loss of data processing capabilities, which could prevent us from providing our products and services to our customers for an uncertain amount of time. Notwithstanding our efforts to protect against “down time” for products and services, we do occasionally experience unplanned outages or technical difficulties, which could harm our business operations.
Additionally, from time to time, we may determine to update or upgrade our information systems or conduct system migrations. These changes may be costly and disruptive to our operations, could impose substantial demands on management time, and could harm our business operations if not implemented properly or promptly.
We and our service providers and partners collect, process, transmit, and store personal and confidential information, which creates legal obligations and exposes us to potential liability.
We collect, process, transmit, and store personal or confidential information about consumers and their devices, employees, job applicants and partners, and we rely on third-party service providers to collect, process, transmit, and store personal or confidential information (including our users’ payment card data and video and audio recordings). We collect such information from individuals located both in the United States and abroad and may store or process such information outside the country in which it was collected. Further, we, our service providers and our business partners use tracking technologies, including cookies, device identifiers, and related technologies, to help us manage and track our users’ interactions with our products and services, devices, website, and partners’ content and deliver relevant advertising and personalized content for ourselves and on behalf of our partners on our products.
We collect information about the interaction of users with our products or services, devices, website, advertisements, and content partners’ streaming apps. To deliver relevant advertisements effectively, we must successfully leverage this data, as well as data provided by third parties. Our ability to collect and use such data could be restricted by a number of factors, including users having the ability to refuse consent to or opt out from our, our service providers’, or our advertising partners’ collection and use of this data, restrictions imposed by advertisers, content partners, licensors, and service providers, changes in technology, and developments in laws, regulations, and industry standards. For example, certain European Union (“EU”) laws and regulations prohibit access to or storage of information on a user’s device (such as cookies and similar technologies that we use for advertising) that is not “strictly necessary” to provide a user-requested service or used for the “sole purpose” of a transmission unless the user has provided consent, and users may choose not to provide this consent to collection of information which is used for advertising purposes.
Additionally, certain device manufacturers or operating system providers may restrict the deployment of cookies and similar technologies, or otherwise restrict the collection of personal information through these or other tools, via our applications. Any restrictions on our ability to collect or use data could harm our ability to grow our revenue, particularly our Media Platform revenue which depends on engaging the relevant recipients of advertising campaigns.
Various federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations as well as industry standards and contractual obligations govern the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, cross-border transfer, localization, sharing, and security of the data we receive from and about our users, employees, and other individuals. The regulatory environment for the collection and use of personal information by device manufacturers, online service providers, content distributors, advertisers, and publishers is evolving in the United States and internationally.
Privacy and consumer rights groups and government bodies (including the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), state attorneys general, the European Commission, European and UK data protection authorities), have increasingly scrutinized privacy issues with respect to devices that identify or are identifiable to a person (or household or device) and personal information collected through the internet, and we expect such scrutiny to continue to increase. The U.S. federal government, U.S. states, and foreign governments have enacted (or are considering) laws and regulations that could significantly restrict industry participants’ ability to collect, use, and share personal information, such as by regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can place cookies or other tracking technologies or collect categories of personal information deemed sensitive. For example, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) imposes detailed requirements related to the collection, storage, and use of personal information related to people located in the EU (or which is processed in the context of EU operations) and places data protection obligations and restrictions on organizations, and may require us to make further changes to our policies and procedures in the future beyond what we have already done. In addition, in the wake of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU (“Brexit”), the United Kingdom has adopted a framework similar to the GDPR. The EU has recently confirmed that the UK data protection framework as being “adequate” to receive EU
personal data. We are monitoring recent developments regarding amendments to the UK data protection framework and the impact this may have on our business.
We will continue to monitor the implementation and evolution of data protection regulations, but if we are not compliant with data protection laws or regulations if and when implemented, we may be subject to significant fines and penalties (such as restrictions on personal information processing) and our business may be harmed. For example, under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million euros or 4% of the annual global revenue of a noncompliant company, whichever is higher, as well as data processing restrictions, could be imposed for violation of certain of the GDPR’s requirements.
Data protection laws continue to proliferate throughout the world and such laws likely apply to our business. The U.S. data protection legal landscape also continues to evolve, with various states having enacted broad-based data privacy and protection legislation and with states and the federal government continuing to consider additional data privacy and protection legislation. The potential effects of this legislation are far-reaching and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. The California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which amended the CCPA and became effective on January 1, 2023 (with a “look-back” to January 1, 2022), requires, among other things, the establishment of a dedicated agency to regulate and enforce the CCPA.
We are continuing to assess the impact of new and proposed data privacy and protection laws and proposed amendments to existing laws on our business. Among other things, such restrictions are likely to increase the number of users to whom we cannot serve targeted advertising and are likely to restrict our ability to collect and process certain types of information deemed sensitive under these new laws.
In addition, each U.S. state and most U.S. territories, each EU member state, and the United Kingdom, as well as many other foreign nations, have passed laws requiring notification to regulatory authorities, affected users, or others within a specific timeframe when there has been a security breach involving, or other unauthorized access to or acquisition or disclosure of, certain personal information and impose additional obligations on companies. Additionally, our agreements with certain users or partners may require us to notify them in the event of a security breach. Such statutory and contractual disclosures are costly, could lead to negative publicity, may cause our users to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, and may require us to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to or alleviate problems caused by the actual or perceived security breach. Compliance with these obligations could delay or impede the development of new products and may cause reputational harm.
As part of our data protection compliance program, we have implemented data transfer mechanisms to provide for the transfer of personal information from the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) or the United Kingdom to the United States. After a period of uncertainty concerning certain mechanisms for data transfers to the United States, on July 10, 2023, the European Commission adopted an adequacy decision concerning a new framework for data transfers from the EEA to the United States, known as the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“EU-U.S. DPF”).
That decision recognizes that the United States ensures an adequate level of protection for personal information transferred from the EEA to organizations participating in the EU-U.S. DPF. The United Kingdom has made a similar determination, providing a means by which data transfers may take place between the U.S. and the United Kingdom. That framework is known as the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and it went into effect on October 12, 2023.
In addition, cloud service providers upon which our services depend are experiencing heightened scrutiny from EU regulators, which may lead to significant shifts or unavailability of cloud services to transfer personal information outside the EU, which may significantly impact our costs or ability to operate.
We continue to assess the available regulatory guidance, determinations, and enforcement actions from EU Data Protection Authorities and the U.S. Department of Commerce on international data transfer compliance for companies, including guidance on specific supplementary measures in addition to the model clauses as well as specific data sharing that may be deemed a cross-border transfer for which appropriate safeguards must be implemented. Our ability to continue to transfer personal information outside of the EU may become significantly more costly and may subject us to increased scrutiny and liability under the GDPR or other legal frameworks, and we may experience operating disruptions if we are unable to conduct these transfers in the future.
We will continue to review our business practices and may find it necessary or desirable to make changes to our personal information processing to cause our transfer and receipt of EEA residents’ personal information to conform to applicable
European law. The regulation of data privacy in the EU continues to evolve, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate effect of evolving data protection regulation and implementation over time. Member states also have some flexibility to supplement the GDPR with their own laws and regulations and may apply stricter requirements for certain data processing activities.
In addition, some countries are considering or have enacted “data localization” laws requiring that user data regarding users in their respective countries be maintained, stored, or processed in their respective countries. Maintaining local data centers in individual countries could increase our operating costs significantly. We expect that, in addition to the “business as usual” costs of compliance, the evolving regulatory interpretation and enforcement of laws such as the GDPR and CPRA, as well as other domestic and foreign data protection laws, will lead to increased operational and compliance costs and will require us to continually monitor and, where necessary, make changes to our operations, policies, and procedures. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security of user data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, contractual indemnities, or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others. In addition to potential liability, these events could harm our business.
We publish privacy policies, notices, and other documentation regarding our collection, processing, use, and disclosure of personal information, credit card information, and other confidential information. Although we endeavor to comply with our published policies, certifications, and documentation, we may at times fail to do so or may be perceived to have failed to do so.
Moreover, despite our efforts, we may not be successful in achieving compliance if our employees, representatives, agents, vendors, or other third parties fail to comply with our published policies, certifications, and documentation. Such failures can subject us to potential international, local, state, and federal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of our actual practices.
We have incurred, and will continue to incur, expenses to comply with privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards, and contractual obligations. Increased regulation of data collection, use, and security practices, including self-regulation and industry standards, changes in existing laws, enactment of new laws, increased enforcement activity, and changes in interpretation of laws, could increase our cost of compliance and operation, limit our ability to grow our business, or otherwise harm our business.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
Litigation and claims regarding intellectual property rights could result in the loss of rights important to our products and services, cause us to incur significant legal costs, or otherwise harm our business.
Some internet, technology, and media companies, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, and trademarks, which they may use to assert claims against us. Third parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, that we or our customers have infringed, misappropriated, or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights. As we grow and face increasing competition, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us will grow. Plaintiffs who have no relevant product revenue may not be deterred by our own issued patents and pending patent applications in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us and may seek to challenge the validity or enforceability of our own patents and patents applications. The cost of patent litigation or other proceedings, even if resolved in our favor, has been and is expected to be substantial. Some of our competitors may be better able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings because of their substantially greater financial resources. Patent litigation and other proceedings may also require significant management time and divert management’s attention from our other business concerns or otherwise adversely affect our business and operating results. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could impair our ability to compete in the marketplace. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could harm our business.
As a result of intellectual property infringement claims, or to avoid potential claims, we may choose or be required to seek licenses from third parties. These licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, thereby hindering our ability to sell or use the relevant technology, or requiring redesign of the allegedly infringing solutions to avoid infringement, which could be costly, time-consuming, or impossible. Even if we are able to obtain a license, the license would likely obligate us to pay license fees or royalties or both, and the rights granted to us might be nonexclusive, with the potential for our competitors to gain access to the same intellectual property. In addition, the rights that we secure under intellectual property licenses may not include rights to all of the intellectual property owned or controlled by the licensor, and the scope of the licenses granted to us may not include rights covering all of the products and services provided by us and our licensees. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to: pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party’s intellectual property; cease making, licensing, or using technologies that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development
resources to redesign our products; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies, content, or materials; and indemnify our partners and other third parties.
Any lawsuits regarding intellectual property rights, regardless of their success, could be expensive to resolve and would divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel.
If we fail to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, contract rights, or our confidential information, our business may suffer.
We rely primarily on a combination of license, development and nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions, as well as patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright laws, to protect our technology and intellectual property. If we fail to protect our technology, intellectual property, or contract rights, our customers and others may seek to use our technology and intellectual property without the payment of license fees and royalties, which could weaken our competitive position, reduce our operating results and increase the likelihood of costly litigation. Others may also develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technologies, or duplicate our technologies.
We also rely on trade secret laws rather than patent laws to protect other portions of our proprietary technology. Trade secrets can be difficult to protect. The misappropriation of our trade secrets or other proprietary information could seriously harm our business. We protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, through confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, suppliers and customers. We cannot be certain that these contracts have not been and will not be breached, that we will be able to timely detect unauthorized use or transfer of our technology and intellectual property, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. If we fail to use adequate mechanisms to protect our technology and intellectual property, or if a court fails to enforce our intellectual property rights, our business will suffer. We cannot be certain that these protection mechanisms can be successfully asserted in the future or will not be invalidated or challenged.
Further, the laws and enforcement regimes of certain countries may not protect our technology and intellectual property to the same extent as do the laws and enforcement regimes of the United States. In certain jurisdictions, we may be unable to protect our technology and intellectual property adequately against unauthorized use, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to protect our brand from third-party infringement or increase our brand awareness.
Maintaining and strengthening our brands is important to maintaining and expanding our business, as well as to our ability to enter into new markets for our technologies, products and services. If we fail to promote and maintain these brands successfully, our ability to sustain and expand our business and enter into new markets may suffer. Much of the promotion of our brand depends, among other things, on OEMs, hardware device manufacturing companies and service providers displaying our trademarks on their products. If these companies choose, for any reason, not to display our trademarks on their products, or if these companies use our trademarks incorrectly or in an unauthorized manner, the strength of our brand may be diluted or our ability to maintain or increase our brand awareness may be harmed. We generally rely on enforcing our trademark rights to prevent unauthorized use of our brand and technologies. Our ability to prevent unauthorized uses of our brand and technologies would be negatively impacted if our trademark registrations were overturned in the jurisdictions where we do business. We also have trademark applications pending in a number of jurisdictions that may not ultimately be granted, or if granted, may be challenged or invalidated, in which case we would be unable to prevent unauthorized use of our brand and logo in such jurisdictions. We have not filed trademark registrations in all jurisdictions where our brands and logos may be used.
Some software we provide may be subject to “open source” licenses, which may restrict how we use or distribute our software or require that we release the source code of certain products subject to those licenses.
Some of the products we support and some of our proprietary technologies incorporate open source software such as open source code that may be subject to the Lesser GNU Public License or other open source licenses. The Lesser GNU Public License and other open source licenses may require that source code subject to the license be released or made available to the public. Such open source licenses may mandate that software developed based on source code that is subject to the open source license, or combined in specific ways with such open source software, become subject to the open source license. We take steps to ensure that proprietary software we do not wish to disclose is not combined with, or does not incorporate, open source software in ways that would require such proprietary software to be subject to an open source license. However, few courts have interpreted the Lesser GNU Public License or other open source licenses, and the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is therefore subject to some uncertainty. We often take steps to disclose source code for which disclosure is required under an open source license, but it is possible that we have or will make mistakes in doing so, which
could negatively impact our brand or our adoption in the community, or could expose us to additional liability. In addition, we rely on multiple software programmers to design our proprietary products and technologies. Although we take steps to ensure that our programmers (both internal and outsourced) do not include open source software in products and technologies we intend to keep proprietary, we cannot be certain that open source software is not incorporated into products and technologies we intend to keep proprietary. In the event that portions of our proprietary technology are determined to be subject to an open source license, or are intentionally released under an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the relevant portions of our source code, which could reduce or eliminate our ability to commercialize our products and technologies. Also, in relying on multiple software programmers to design products and technologies that we ultimately end up releasing in the open source community, we may discover that one or multiple such programmers have included code or language that would be embarrassing to us, which could negatively impact our brand or our adoption in the community, or could expose us to additional liability. Such additional liability could include claims that result in litigation, require us to seek licenses from third-parties in order to keep offering our software, require us to re-engineer our software, require us to release proprietary source code, require us to provide indemnification or otherwise subject us to liability to a customer or supplier, or require us to discontinue the sale of a product in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished in a timely manner, any of which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Under our agreements with many of our customers and partners, we are required to provide indemnification in the event our technology is alleged to infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties.
In certain of our agreements, we have agreed to indemnify our customers and partners under certain circumstances. We may incur significant expenses responding to indemnification demands or defending these partners if they are accused of patent or other intellectual property infringement based on allegations related to our technology. If a partner were to be accused of infringement or lose a lawsuit and in turn seek indemnification from us, we could be subject to significant expense responding to the indemnification claim and/or monetary liabilities relating to a judgment or settlement. Liability under our indemnification commitments may not be contractually limited.
Current and future governmental and industry standards may significantly limit our business opportunities.
Technology standards are important in the audio and video industry as they help to assure compatibility across a system or series of products. Generally, standards adoption occurs on either a mandatory basis, requiring a particular technology to be available in a particular product or medium, or an optional basis, meaning that a particular technology may be, but is not required to be, utilized. If standards are re-examined or a new standard is developed in which we are not included, our growth in that area of our business could be significantly lower than expected.
As new technologies and entertainment media emerge, new standards relating to these technologies or media may develop. New standards may also emerge in existing markets that are currently characterized by competing formats, such as the automotive market or the market for TVs or PCs. We may not be successful in our efforts to include our technology in any such standards.
Standards sometimes require implementers or contributors to offer to license their relevant intellectual property on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms (RAND) or on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms (FRAND), but if standards that may apply to our technologies start requiring implementers or contributors to license their relevant intellectual property on a reasonable and non-discriminatory, zero royalty (RAND-Z) or reasonable and non-discriminatory, royalty free (RAND-RF) basis, it may affect our ability to be compensated for our technologies that may be included in such standards.
Risks Related to Macroeconomic Conditions
Macroeconomic uncertainties have in the past and may continue to adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Macroeconomic uncertainties, including increased inflation and interest rates, recessionary fears, financial and credit market fluctuations, changes in economic policy, bank failures, labor disputes, the COVID-19 pandemic, and global supply chain constraints have in the past, and may continue to, adversely impact many aspects of our business. For example, our success depends, in part, on the level of discretionary consumer and corporate spending. Discretionary consumer and corporate spending is affected by many factors, including economic conditions affecting disposable consumer income and corporate spending, such as the rate of inflation, risk of recession, employment status, labor disputes, and interest and tax rates. The economy has been experiencing unusually high inflation, increased perceived risk of recession, and higher interest rates, which may negatively impact consumer and corporate spending. A decrease in discretionary consumer and corporate spending could result, in particular, in reduction in purchases of TVs, automobiles and consumer electronic devices, and reduction in
monetization revenue. During past economic slowdowns and recessions, many consumers reduced their discretionary spending and advertisers reduced their advertising expenditures. Any such conditions, including entertainment promotional spending by media and content providers, could significantly impact our ability to generate revenue, and thus impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, a significant reduction in the supply of original entertainment content, including as a result of macroeconomic factors or labor disputes (such as the 2023 strikes called by the Writers Guild of America and SAG-AFTRA), could in turn reduce the demand for advertising and media and entertainment promotional spending campaigns on our Media Platform solutions, and have a material adverse effect on our growth or negatively impact our results of operations.
The extent to which macroeconomic uncertainties may continue to impact our operational and financial performance remains uncertain and will depend on many factors outside our control. These direct and indirect impacts may negatively affect our business and operating results.
Natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, or other natural or man-made catastrophic events could disrupt and impact our business.
Occurrence of any catastrophic event, including an earthquake, flood, tsunami, or other weather event, power loss, internet failure, software or hardware malfunctions, cyber attack, war or foreign invasion (such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war), terrorist attack and other geopolitical conflicts (such as Yemen’s Houthi attacks in the Red Sea), medical epidemic or pandemic (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), government shutdown orders, other man-made disasters, or other catastrophic events could disrupt our, our business partners’ and customers’ business operations or result in disruptions in the broader global economic environment. Any of these business disruptions could require substantial expenditures and recovery time in order to fully resume operations.
In particular, our principal offices are located in California, and our contract manufacturers and some of our suppliers are located in Asia, both of which are regions known for seismic activity, making our operations in these areas vulnerable to natural disasters or other business disruptions in these areas. Our insurance coverage may not compensate us for losses that may occur in the event of an earthquake or other significant natural disaster.
In addition, our offices and facilities, and those of our contract manufacturers, suppliers, and partners, could be vulnerable to the effects of climate change (such as sea level rise, drought, flooding, wildfires, and increased storm severity) that could disrupt our business operations. For example, in California, increasing intensity of drought and annual periods of wildfire danger increase the probability of planned power outages. Further, acts of terrorism could cause disruptions to the internet or the economy as a whole.
If our Pay-TV or Media Platform services were to fail or be negatively impacted as a result of a natural disaster or other event, our ability to deliver content, including advertising, would be impaired. Disruptions in the operations of our contract manufacturers, suppliers, or partners as a result of a disaster or other catastrophic event could delay the manufacture and shipment of our or our partners’ products and services, which could impact our business. If we are unable to develop adequate plans to ensure that our business functions continue to operate during and after a natural disaster or other catastrophic event and to execute successfully on those plans in the event of a disaster or catastrophic event, our business would be harmed.
Risks Related to Financial Matters
If our goodwill and other intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.
In addition to internal development, we have acquired and intend to continue to acquire additional businesses, technology and intellectual property through strategic relationships and transactions. We believe these strategic relationships and transactions will enhance the competitiveness and size of our current business and provide diversification into markets and technologies that complement our current business. Future transactions could be in the form of asset purchases, equity investments, or business combinations. As a result, we may have significant goodwill from such transactions and other intangible assets which are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We have in the past and may in the future incur significant charges as a result of impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets. For example, we incurred $604.6 million of goodwill impairment charges in the second half of 2022. These goodwill impairment charges triggered an evaluation of potential impairment of other intangible assets in both the third and fourth quarters of 2022, however these evaluations did not result in additional impairment charges. We review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable or the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our amortizable or other intangible assets may not be recoverable
include a decline in future cash flows, fluctuations in market capitalization, slower growth rates in our industry or slower than anticipated adoption of our products by our customers. As we continue to review for factors that may affect our business which may not be in our control, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets or equity investments is determined, resulting in an adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Changes in our tax rates or exposure to additional tax assessments may adversely affect our effective tax rates and negatively affect our business and financial condition.
We are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes, as well as taxes in various international jurisdictions. As a result, our effective tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions where we operate. Our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by numerous factors, including the passage of new tax laws, changes in the interpretation of tax laws, changes in the mix of our profitability from state to state and from country to country, changes to our operating structure, changes in the amount of payments from our U.S. entities to related foreign entities, our inability to secure or sustain acceptable agreements with tax authorities and changes in our deferred tax assets and liabilities, including changes in our ability to realize our deferred tax assets.
In addition, U.S. federal, U.S. state, and foreign tax jurisdictions may examine our income tax returns, including income tax returns of acquired companies and acquired tax attributes included therein. We regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. In making such assessments, we exercise judgment in estimating our provision for income taxes. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, we cannot ensure that the final determination from these examinations will not be materially different from that reflected in our income tax provisions and accruals. Any adverse outcome from these examinations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters
If government regulations or laws relating to the internet, video, advertising, or other areas of our business change, we may need to alter the manner in which we conduct our business, or our business could be harmed.
We are subject to or affected by general business regulations and laws, as well as regulations and laws specific to the internet and online services, including laws and regulations related to data privacy and security, consumer protection, data localization, law enforcement access to data, encryption, telecommunications, social media, payment processing, taxation, trade, intellectual property, competition, electronic contracts, internet access, net neutrality, advertising, content restrictions, protection of children, and accessibility, among others. We cannot guarantee that we have been or will be fully compliant in every jurisdiction. Litigation and regulatory proceedings are inherently uncertain, and the federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations governing issues such as data privacy and security, payment processing, taxation, net neutrality, liability of providers of online services, video, telecommunications, e-commerce tariffs, and consumer protection related to the internet continue to develop. Moreover, as internet commerce and advertising continue to evolve, increasing regulation by federal, state, and foreign regulatory authorities becomes more likely.
As we develop new products and services and improve our products and services, we may also be subject to new laws and regulations specific to such technologies. For example, in developing our TiVo OS and DTS AutoStage solutions, we were required to understand, address, and comply with an evolving regulatory framework for developing, marketing, and selling operating systems for Smart TVs and automotive applications in many different international jurisdictions. If we fail to adequately address or comply with such regulations, we may be subject to fines or sanctions, and we or our partners may be unable to sell Smart TVs or other devices that incorporate our technologies, which could harm our business and our ability to grow our user base.
Laws relating to data privacy and security, data localization, law enforcement access to data, encryption, consumer protection, protection of children, and similar activities continue to proliferate, often with little harmonization between jurisdictions and limited guidance. A number of bills are pending in the U.S. Congress and other government bodies that contain provisions that would regulate, for example, how companies can use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect, use, and share user information. Certain state laws, such as the CCPA, the CPRA, and the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, also impose requirements on certain tracking activity. The EU has laws requiring advertisers or companies like ours to, for example, obtain unambiguous, affirmative consent from users for the placement of cookies or other tracking technologies and the delivery of relevant advertisements. In addition, the EU has adopted the Digital Services Act, which is legislation that updates the liability and safety rules for digital platforms, products, and services. The EU also recently adopted the Data Act, which seeks to enhance interoperability and facilitate data sharing and reuse across products and services.
Regulatory investigations and enforcement actions could also impact our business operations. For example, companies in the media, entertainment, and advertising technology industries have been subject to government investigation by regulatory bodies with regard to compliance with data privacy and security laws. Advocacy organizations have also filed complaints with data protection authorities against businesses with streaming apps and advertising technology, arguing that certain of these companies’ practices do not comply with the CCPA or other regulations. Such investigations or enforcement actions may require us to alter our practices. Further, if we or the third parties that we work with, such as contract payment processing services, content partners, vendors, or developers, violate or are alleged to violate applicable privacy or security laws, laws concerning access to data, industry standards, our contractual obligations, or our policies, such violations and alleged violations may also put users’ information at risk and could in turn harm our business and reputation and subject us to potential liability. Any of these consequences could cause users, advertisers, or content partners to lose trust in us, which could harm our business. Furthermore, any failure on our part to comply with these laws may subject us to liability and reputational harm.
Our use of data to deliver relevant advertising and other services on our platform places us and our content partners at risk for claims under various unsettled laws, including the Video Privacy Protection Act (“VPPA”).
In addition, in 2019, the FTC initiated a review of its rules implementing the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (“COPPA”), which limits the collection by operators of online services of personal information from children under the age of 13. Following this review, in December 2023, the FTC issued a formal Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that proposes specific revisions to the COPPA rule and seeks additional public input. Among other topics, the FTC has proposed rule changes that would prohibit targeted advertising to children absent express opt-in consent from parents, strengthen data security requirements for children’s personal information, and limit the period during which children’s personal information can be retained. The review has not been concluded and could result in broadening the applicability of COPPA and other changes.
There have also been proposals in the U.S. Congress to amend and expand COPPA. Changes to the COPPA legislation or rules could limit the information that we or our content partners and advertisers may collect and use and the content of advertisements in relation to certain app partner content.
The CPRA and certain other state privacy laws also impose certain opt in and opt out requirements before certain information about minors can be collected. California also has adopted a new law known as the Age Appropriate Design Code Act, which has a stated purpose of protecting “the well being, data, and privacy of children using online platforms.” A federal district court in California granted a preliminary injunction preventing that law from going into eﬀect during the pendency of litigation challenging it on constitutional grounds, and the California Attorney General has since asked a federal appeals court to lift that injunction. At the same time, since adoption of the California law, similar legislation has been introduced for consideration in other U.S. states.
The EU and many of its member states, among other jurisdictions, also have rules that limit processing of personal information, including children’s data, and that impose specific requirements intended to protect children online. For example, Germany has enacted the German Youth Protection Act and the German Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors in the Media, which govern and restrict content that may be distributed to minors. We and our content partners and advertisers could be at risk for violation or alleged violation of these and other privacy, advertising, children’s online protection, or similar laws.
Rules governing new technological developments, such as developments in generative AI, remain unsettled. We leverage machine learning and AI technologies in developing and providing our products and services. The legal and regulatory landscape surrounding these technologies is rapidly evolving and uncertain, including in the areas of intellectual property, cybersecurity, and privacy and data protection. Compliance with new or changing laws, regulations or industry standards relating to these technologies may impose significant operational costs and may limit our ability to develop, deploy or use these technologies.
U.S. or international rules (or the absence of rules) that permit internet access network operators to degrade users’ internet speeds or limit internet data consumption by users, including unreasonable discrimination in the provision of broadband internet access services, could harm our business.
Our products and services depend on the ability of users of our technologies to access the internet. We believe that the continued growth of streaming as an entertainment alternative will depend on the availability and growth of cost-effective broadband internet access (including mobile broadband internet access), the quality and reliability of broadband content delivery, and broadband service providers’ ability to control the delivery speed of different content traveling on their networks. Laws, regulations, or court rulings that adversely affect the popularity or growth in use of the internet, including decisions that undermine open and neutrally administered internet access, or that disincentivize internet access network operators’ willingness to invest in upgrades and maintenance of their equipment, could decrease customer demand for our service offerings, may
impose additional burdens on us, or could cause us to incur additional expenses or alter our business model. Some jurisdictions have adopted regulations governing the provision of internet access service. Substantial uncertainty exists in the United States and elsewhere regarding such provisions.
For example, in 2015, the FCC adopted open internet rules to prevent internet access network operators from unreasonably restricting, blocking, degrading, or charging for access to certain products and services offered by us and our content partners. In 2018, the FCC repealed most of those rules. In September 2023, the FCC formally proposed to restore the 2015 open internet rules and re-establish the FCC’s role in overseeing broadband providers, although some representatives of broadband providers have already stated that they may challenge such a decision in court.
If network operators were to engage in restricting, blocking, degrading, or charging for access, it could impede our growth, result in a decline in our quality of service, cause us to incur additional expense, or otherwise impair our ability to attract and retain users, any of which could harm our business. Several states and foreign countries in which we operate also have adopted or are considering rules governing the provision of internet access. In addition, in some jurisdictions (including the United States), network operators are pursuing proposals that would require or enable them to impose fees on content providers related to delivery of network traffic.
As we expand internationally, government regulation protecting the non-discriminatory provision of internet access may be nascent or non-existent. In those markets where regulatory safeguards against unreasonable discrimination are nascent or non-existent and where local network operators possess substantial market power, we could experience anti-competitive practices that could impede our growth, cause us to incur additional expenses, or otherwise harm our business. Future regulations or changes in laws and regulations (or their existing interpretations or applications) could also hinder our operational flexibility, raise compliance costs, and result in additional liabilities for us, which may harm our business.
If we are found liable for content that is distributed through or advertising that is served through our platform, our business could be harmed.
As a distributor of content, we face potential liability for negligence, copyright, patent, or trademark infringement, public performance royalties or other claims based on the nature and content of materials that we distribute. We rely on the statutory safe harbors, as set forth in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (the “DMCA”), Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (“Section 230”) in the United States, and the E-Commerce Directive in Europe, for protection against liability for various caching, hosting, and linking activities. The DMCA, Section 230, and similar statutes and doctrines on which we rely or may rely in the future are subject to uncertain judicial interpretation and regulatory and legislative amendments. Any legislation or court rulings that limit the applicability of these safe harbors could require us to take a different approach toward content moderation, which could diminish the depth, breadth, and variety of content that we offer, inhibit our ability to generate advertising, or otherwise adversely affect our business.
Moreover, if the rules around these statutes and doctrines change, if international jurisdictions refuse to apply similar protections, or if a court were to disagree with our application of those rules to our business, we could incur liabilities and our business could be harmed. If we become liable for these types of claims as a result of the content that is streamed over or the advertisements that are served through our products or services, then our business may suffer. Litigation to defend these claims could be costly and the expenses and damages arising from any liability could harm our business. Our insurance may not be adequate to cover these types of claims or any liability that may be imposed on us.
In addition, regardless of any legal protections that may limit our liability for the actions of third parties, we may be adversely impacted if copyright holders assert claims, or commence litigation, alleging copyright infringement against the developers of apps that are distributed on our products or services.
Our products and services may be misused by unaffiliated third parties to unlawfully distribute copyrighted content. If content owners or distributors are deterred from working with us as a consequence, it could impair our ability to maintain or expand our business, including through international expansion plans.
We are subject to broadcast laws and regulations, and failure to comply with such laws and regulations could harm our business.
The TV, automotive, cable, and telecommunications industries are subject to pervasive regulation, both in the United States and in other countries. For example, the FCC in the United States has licensing and other requirements, in addition to extensive regulation by local and state authorities.
The FCC or regulators in other countries could promulgate new regulations or interpret existing regulations in a manner that would cause us to incur significant compliance costs or force us to alter or eliminate certain features or functionality of our products or services, which may adversely affect our business. For example, regulators could determine that certain of our products or services fail to comply with regulations concerning matters such as electrical interference, copy protection, digital tuners, accessibility for blind and deaf users, emergency alerts, broadcast regulations, online marketplace regulations, operations regulations, or display of television programming based on content rating systems.
In the United States, the FCC regulates the broadcast radio industry, interprets laws enacted by Congress and establishes and enforces regulations governing radio broadcasting. It is unclear what laws, rules and regulations may be adopted regarding digital audio broadcasting and what effect, if any, such laws, rules and regulations will have on our business, the operations of stations using our HD Radio technology, or consumer electronics manufacturers. Any additional laws, rules and regulations imposed on digital audio broadcasting may adversely impact the attractiveness of HD Radio technology and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, non-compliance by us, or by radio stations offering HD Radio broadcasts, with any FCC requirements or conditions could result in fines, additional license conditions, license revocation or other detrimental FCC actions.
If we fail to comply with anti-corruption or bribery laws, our business could be harmed.
As we expand our international operations, we are subject to increased corruption risk and compliance with laws such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, UK Bribery Act, and other anti-corruption laws. Such laws generally prohibit companies and their employees and intermediaries from making payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining an advantage or benefits and require public companies to maintain accurate books and records and a system of internal accounting controls. Under these laws, companies may be held liable for actions taken by directors, officers, employees, agents, or other partners or representatives. If we or our intermediaries fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar laws, governmental authorities could commence an investigation or seek to impose civil and criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate financial statements could be impaired, which could increase our operating costs and affect our ability to operate our business.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and are required to comply with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations has increased our legal and financial compliance costs, made some activities more time-consuming or costly and increased demand on our systems and resources. Among other things, the Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.
Significant resources and management oversight are required to maintain our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
There is no guarantee that in the future we will be able to remediate any identified material weakness timely or at all, or in a cost-effective manner. If the remediation of any identified material weakness is not completed in a timely fashion, or at all, or if the plan is inadequate, there will be an increased risk that we may be unable to timely file future periodic reports with the SEC and that future financial statements could contain errors that will be undetected. The existence of any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting could also affect our ability to obtain financing or could increase the cost of any such financing. Any such material weakness could also cause investors to lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements and could result in a decline in the value of our common stock.
If we fail to comply with the laws and regulations relating to the payment of income taxes and the collection of indirect taxes, we could be exposed to unexpected costs, expenses, penalties, and fees as a result of our noncompliance, which could harm our business.
We are subject to requirements to deduct or withhold income taxes on revenue sourced in various jurisdictions, pay income taxes on profits earned by any permanent establishment (or similar enterprise) of ours that carries on business in various jurisdictions, and collect indirect taxes from our sales in various jurisdictions. The laws and regulations governing the withholding and payment of income taxes and the collection of indirect taxes are numerous, complex, and vary by jurisdiction. A successful assertion by one or more jurisdictions that we were required to withhold or pay income taxes or collect indirect
taxes where we did not could result in substantial tax liabilities, fees, and expenses, including substantial interest and penalty charges, which could harm our business.
New legislation that would change U.S. or foreign taxation of international business activities or other tax-reform policies could harm our business.
We earn a portion of our income in foreign countries and, as such, we are subject to tax laws in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Current economic and political conditions make tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and application, in any jurisdiction subject to significant change.
Proposals to reform U.S. and foreign tax laws could significantly impact how U.S. multinational corporations are taxed on foreign earnings and could increase the U.S. corporate tax rate. Although we cannot predict whether or in what form these proposals will pass, several of the proposals under consideration, if enacted into law, could have an adverse impact on our effective tax rate, income tax expense, and cash flows.
We have been, are currently, and may in the future be subject to litigation, claims, regulatory inquiries, investigations, and other legal proceedings, which could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a way that could seriously harm our business.
We have been, are currently, and may in the future be subject to various legal proceedings, claims, arbitration proceedings, and investigations and inquiries from government entities, including with regard to intellectual property, employment, consumer and data privacy, corporate governance, and commercial disputes, among other matters. These matters are inherently uncertain. Any proceedings, claims, or inquiries initiated by or against us, whether successful or not, may be time-consuming, subject us to damage awards, regulatory orders, consent decrees, injunctive relief, fines, or other penalties or sanctions, require us to change our policies or practices, result in increased operating costs, divert management’s attention, harm our reputation, and require us to incur significant legal and other expenses. In addition, our insurance may not be adequate to protect us from all material expenses related to pending and future claims. Any of these factors could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our activities to advertise, market and sell our services directly to consumers are highly regulated by constantly evolving state and federal laws and regulations.
We engage in various advertising, marketing and other promotional activities. For instance, in the past, we have offered sweepstakes, gift subscriptions and mail-in-rebates to consumers, which are subject to state and federal laws and regulations. A constantly evolving network of state and federal laws is increasingly regulating these promotional activities. Additionally, we enter into subscription service contracts directly with consumers which govern both our provision of and the consumers' payment for the TiVo Pay-TV service. For example, consumers who activate new monthly subscriptions to the TiVo Pay-TV service may be required to commit to pay for the service for a minimum of one year or be subject to an early termination fee if they terminate prior to the expiration of their commitment period. If the terms of our subscription service contracts with consumers, such as auto-renewals or our imposition of an early termination fee, or sweepstakes, rebate or gift subscription programs were to violate state or federal laws or regulations, we could be subject to lawsuits, penalties, enforcement actions, and/or negative publicity in which case our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
The absence of regulations relating to the compatibility between cable systems and CE equipment could harm our business.
Beginning in 2003, the FCC adopted regulations implementing an agreement between cable television system operators and CE manufacturers to facilitate the retail availability of so-called “plug and play” devices that use unidirectional CableCARDs, including digital televisions and other digital devices that enable subscribers to access cable television programming without the need for a set-top-box (STB) (but without the ability for consumers to use interactive content). In September 2020, the FCC eliminated rules requiring cable providers to support CableCARD. While the cable industry has continued to provide CableCARDs for third-party devices like ours, we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any new technical equipment regulations on our business and operations. Current FCC regulations no longer prohibit multi-channel video service providers from deploying navigation devices with combined security and non-security functions, and further developments with respect to these issues could impact the availability and/or demand for “plug and play” devices, particularly bi-directional devices and STBs, all of which could affect demand for UXs incorporated in STBs or CE devices. If the cable industry decided to cease providing CableCARD support for TiVo retail customers, recurring monthly retail service fees would be affected as customers would likely cancel the TiVo service on their devices.
Risks Relating to the Separation
We may be unable to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expected to achieve from our Separation.
We may not be able to achieve the full strategic, financial, operational, or other benefits expected to result from the Separation, or such benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. The Separation and Distribution were expected to provide the following benefits, among others:
•eliminating competing priorities for capital allocation between the Former Parent’s product and IP licensing businesses;
•enabling our management team to better focus on strengthening our core businesses and operations;
•enhancing operational flexibility for our businesses, particularly in dealing with suppliers and customers;
•streamlining the investment profiles of our business and may enhance their marketability; and
•improving access to talent by allowing us to capitalize on our distinct cultures and recruitment strategies.
However, we may be unable to achieve some or all of these benefits. As an independent public company, we may be more susceptible to market fluctuations and other adverse events and our business is less diversified than when we were part of our Former Parent. If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expected to achieve as an independent company, or do not achieve them in the time we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
If the Distribution, together with certain related transactions, were to fail to qualify for non-recognition treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then we and our stockholders could be subject to significant tax and liability.
Our Former Parent received a Tax Opinion from the law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (“Skadden”), our external legal advisors in connection with the Separation, in form and substance acceptable to Xperi, substantially to the effect that, among other things, the Distribution and certain related transactions would qualify as a tax-free transaction under sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). Additionally, our Former Parent received an IRS Ruling, substantially to the effect that, among other things, the Distribution would qualify as a tax-free transaction under sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code. The IRS Ruling and the Tax Opinion relied on certain facts, assumptions, and undertakings, and certain representations from our Former Parent and us, regarding the past and future conduct of both respective businesses and other matters, including those discussed in the risk factor immediately below. The Tax Opinion also relied on the continued validity of the IRS Ruling (as described below). Notwithstanding the Tax Opinion and the IRS Ruling, the IRS could determine on audit that the Distribution or certain related transactions should be treated as a taxable transaction if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are not correct or have been violated, or that the Distribution should be taxable for other reasons, including if the IRS were to disagree with the conclusions of the Tax Opinion that are not covered by the IRS Ruling.
If certain related transactions, including certain transactions undertaken pursuant to the Internal Reorganization and Business Realignment that were intended to qualify for tax-free treatment, fail to qualify for tax-free treatment under U.S. federal, state, local tax and/or foreign tax law, we and our Former Parent could incur significant tax liabilities and/or lose significant tax attributes under U.S. federal, state, local and/or foreign tax law.
Generally, taxes resulting from the failure of the Distribution to qualify for non-recognition treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes would be imposed on us and our stockholders. Under the Tax Matters Agreement that we entered into with our Former Parent, we are generally responsible for any taxes that arise from the failure of the Distribution to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes within the meaning of section 355 of the Code or from the failure of certain related transactions to qualify for tax-free treatment to the extent such failure to qualify is attributable to actions, events or transactions relating to our or our affiliates’ stock, assets or business, or any breach of our representations, covenants or obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement (or any other agreement we enter into in connection with the Separation and Distribution), the materials submitted to the IRS in connection with the IRS ruling, or our representations made in any representation letter provided to Skadden in connection with the Tax Opinion. Our Former Parent is separately responsible for any taxes that arise from the failure of the Distribution to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes within the meaning of section 355 of the Code or the failure of certain related transactions to qualify for tax-free treatment, to the extent such failure to qualify is attributable to actions, events or transactions relating to our Former Parent’s or its affiliates’ stock, assets or business, or any breach of its representations, covenants or obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement (or any other agreement entered into in connection with the Separation and Distribution), the materials submitted to the IRS in connection with the IRS Ruling or the representations made in the representation letter provided to counsel in connection with the Tax Opinion.
If the Distribution fails to qualify for non-recognition treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes for certain reasons relating to the overall structure of the Mergers and the Distribution, then under the Tax Matters Agreement, we and our Former Parent could share the tax liability resulting from such failure in accordance with our relative market capitalizations as of the Distribution Date (determined based on the average trading prices of each company’s stock during the ten trading days beginning on the Distribution Date). Events triggering an indemnification obligation under the Tax Matters Agreement include events occurring after the Distribution that cause our Former Parent to recognize a gain under section 355I of the Code, as discussed further below. Such tax amounts could be significant. To the extent that we are responsible for any liability under the Tax Matters Agreement, there could be a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in future reporting periods.
The IRS may assert that the Mergers cause the Distribution and other related transactions to be taxable to our Former Parent, in which case we could be subject to significant indemnification liability.
Even if the Distribution otherwise constitutes a tax-free transaction to stockholders under section 355 of the Code, our Former Parent may be required to recognize corporate level tax on the Distribution and certain related transactions under section 355(e) of the Code if, as a result of the Mergers or other transactions considered part of a plan with the Distribution, there is a 50 percent or greater change of ownership in our Former Parent or us. Following the Mergers, and in anticipation of the Distribution, our Former Parent sought and received the IRS Ruling, which included a ruling from the IRS regarding the proper manner and methodology for measuring the common ownership in the stock of our Former Parent, Pre-Merger Xperi and Pre-Merger TiVo for purposes of determining whether there has been a 50 percent or greater change of ownership under section 355(e) of the Code. The Tax Opinion relies on the continued validity of the IRS Ruling, as well as certain factual representations from Xperi as to the extent of common ownership in the stock of Pre-Merger Xperi and Pre-Merger TiVo immediately prior to the Mergers. Based on the representations made by our Former Parent as to the common ownership in the stock of Pre-Merger Xperi and Pre-Merger TiVo immediately prior to the Mergers and assuming the continued validity of the IRS Ruling, the Tax Opinion concludes that there was not a 50 percent or greater change of ownership in our Former Parent, Pre-Merger Xperi or Pre-Merger TiVo for purposes of section 355(e) as a result of the Mergers. Notwithstanding the Tax Opinion and the IRS Ruling, the IRS could determine that the Distribution or a related transaction should nevertheless be treated as a taxable transaction to our Former Parent if it determines that any of the facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings of our Former Parent is not correct or that the Distribution should be taxable for other reasons, including if the IRS were to disagree with the conclusions in the Tax Opinion that are not covered by the IRS Ruling. If our Former Parent is required to recognize corporate level tax on the Distribution and certain related transactions under section 355(e) of the Code, then under the Tax Matters Agreement, we may be required to indemnify our Former Parent for all or a portion of such taxes, which could be a significant amount, if such taxes were the result of either direct or indirect transfers of our stock or certain reasons relating to the overall structure of the Mergers and the Distribution. For a more detailed description, see the section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions -Tax Matters Agreement.”
We are subject to continuing contingent tax-related liabilities of our Former Parent following the Distribution.
There are several significant areas where the liabilities of our Former Parent may become our obligations either in whole or in part. For example, under the Code and the related rules and regulations, each corporation that was a member of our Former Parent’s consolidated tax reporting group during any taxable period or portion of any taxable period ending on or before the effective time of the Distribution is jointly and severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of the entire consolidated tax reporting group for such taxable period.
Additionally, to the extent that any subsidiary of ours was included in the consolidated tax reporting group of either Pre-Merger Xperi or Pre-Merger TiVo for any taxable period or portion of any taxable period ending on or before the effective date of the Mergers, such subsidiary is jointly and severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of the entire consolidated tax reporting group of Pre-Merger Xperi or Pre-Merger TiVo, as applicable, for such taxable period. In connection with the Distribution, we entered into a Tax Matters Agreement with our Former Parent that allocates the responsibility for prior period consolidated taxes between Xperi Inc. and our Former Parent. If our Former Parent were unable to pay any prior period taxes for which it is responsible, however, we could be required to pay the entire amount of such taxes, and such amounts could be significant. Other provisions of U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign law may establish similar liability for other matters, including laws governing tax-qualified pension plans, as well as other contingent liabilities.
We may be required to adjust our tax accounts if our Former Parent utilizes certain pre-Separation tax attributes.
In the future, under the Tax Matters Agreement, our Former Parent may utilize certain of our tax attributes generated during pre-Separation periods in order to reduce its tax liability for tax years ended December 31, 2022 and earlier. If our Former
Parent should utilize such attributes, we may be required to adjust our tax accounts which may negatively impact our financial results.
We agreed to numerous restrictions to preserve the tax-free treatment of the Distribution and certain related transactions in the United States, which may reduce our strategic and operating flexibility.
Our ability to engage in certain transactions could be limited or restricted to preserve, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax-free nature of the Distribution by our Former Parent, and certain aspects of the Internal Reorganization and Business Realignment. As discussed above, even if the Distribution otherwise qualifies for tax-free treatment under section 355 of the Code, the Distribution may result in corporate-level taxable gain to our Former Parent under section 355(e) of the Code if a transaction results in a change of ownership of 50 percent or greater in us as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the Distribution. The process for determining whether an acquisition or issuance triggering these provisions has occurred, the extent to which any such acquisition or issuance results in a change of ownership and the cumulative effect of any such acquisition or issuance together with any prior acquisitions or issuances (including the Mergers) is complex, inherently factual and subject to interpretation of the facts and circumstances of a particular case. Any acquisitions or issuances of Xperi Inc. common stock within a two-year period after the Distribution generally are presumed to be part of such a plan that includes the Distribution, although such presumption may be rebutted. As a result of these limitations, and certain other requirements under section 355 of the Code, under the Tax Matters Agreement that we entered into with our Former Parent, for the two-year period following the Distribution, we are prohibited, except in certain circumstances, from, among other things:
•entering into any transaction resulting in acquisitions of a certain percentage of our assets, whether by merger or otherwise;
•dissolving, merging, consolidating or liquidating;
•undertaking or permitting any transaction relating to our stock, including issuances, redemptions or repurchases other than certain, limited, permitted issuances and repurchases;
•affecting the relative voting rights of our stock, whether by amending our certificate of incorporation or otherwise; or
•ceasing to actively conduct our business.
These restrictions may significantly limit our ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or other transactions that we may believe to otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders or that might increase the value of our business.
Our historical financial information may not be fully representative of the results we would have achieved as an independent, publicly-traded company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results.
The historical financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may not reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would have been had we been an independent, publicly-traded company during the periods presented and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results. This is primarily because:
•Our historical financial information prior to the Separation includes the allocation of corporate expenses of our Former Parent, and these allocations are not necessarily representative of the costs we have incurred for similar services as an independent company following the Separation and Distribution.
•Prior to the Separation, our business had historically principally satisfied our working capital requirements and obtained capital for our general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and capital expenditures, as part of our Former Parent’s company-wide cash management practices. Although these practices have historically generated sufficient cash to finance the working capital and other cash requirements of our business, following the Separation and Distribution, we no longer have access to cash generated by our Former Parent after the Separation nor do our cash generating revenue streams mirror those of our Former Parent. We may therefore need to obtain additional financing from banks, through public offerings or private placements of debt or equity securities or other arrangements.
•Prior to the Separation, our business was operated under the umbrella of our Former Parent’s corporate organization. This integration permitted our business (or portions thereof) to enjoy economies of scope and scale in costs, employees, vendor relationships and customer relationships, as part of the Former Parent organization. The loss of these economies of scope and scale could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Other significant changes have occurred in our cost structure, management, financing and business operations as a result of the Separation and Distribution and our operating as a company separate from our Former Parent.
As a result, the financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not necessarily indicative of what our financial position, results of operations and cash flow may be in the future.
We may not enjoy the same benefits of diversity, leverage and market reputation as a standalone company that we enjoyed as a part of our Former Parent.
Prior to the Separation, our business (or portions thereof) historically benefited from our Former Parent’s operating diversity and purchasing power as well as opportunities to pursue integrated strategies with our Former Parent’s other businesses, including those businesses that formed part of our Former Parent’s IP licensing business that were allocated to our Former Parent in connection with the Separation. Following the Separation and Distribution, we will not have similar diversity or integration opportunities and may not have similar purchasing power or access to the capital markets.
Additionally, following the Separation and Distribution, we are more susceptible to market fluctuations and other adverse events than if we had remained part of the previous organizational structure. As part of our Former Parent, our business had been able to leverage the historical market reputation and performance of our Former Parent and its businesses’ brand identities, which allowed us to, among other things, recruit and retain key personnel to run our business. As a standalone company, our market reputation, performance, or brand identity may be not as strong as that of our Former Parent, which may make it more difficult for us to recruit or retain such key personnel.
In connection with our Separation, we assumed, and are obligated to indemnify our Former Parent for, certain liabilities. If we are required to make payments pursuant to these indemnities, we may need to divert cash to meet those obligations and our financial results could be negatively impacted. In addition, our Former Parent assumed, and will be obligated to indemnify us for, certain liabilities. These indemnities may not be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of liabilities for which we will be allocated responsibility, and our Former Parent may not be able to satisfy their indemnification obligations in the future.
Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement and the Tax Matters Agreement, we agreed to assume and to indemnify our Former Parent for certain liabilities for uncapped amounts, which may include, among other items, associated defense costs, settlement amounts and judgments. Payments pursuant to these indemnities may be significant and could negatively impact our business, particularly indemnities relating to our actions that could impact the tax-free nature of the Distribution. Third parties could also seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities allocated to our Former Parent, including those related to our Former Parent’s IP licensing business. Our Former Parent agreed to indemnify us for such liabilities, but such indemnities may not be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities. In addition, our Former Parent may not be able to fully satisfy their indemnification obligations. Even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from our Former Parent any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves. Each of these risks could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Additionally, we generally assumed and are responsible for the payment of our share of (i) certain liabilities of our Former Parent relating to, arising out of or resulting from certain general corporate matters of our Former Parent and (ii) certain separation expenses not otherwise allocated to our Former Parent (or allocated specifically to us) pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, and third parties could seek to hold us responsible for our Former Parent’s share of any such liabilities. Our Former Parent is obligated to indemnify us for their share of any such liabilities; however, such indemnities may not be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities, and/or our Former Parent may not be able to fully satisfy their respective indemnification obligations. In addition, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from our Former Parent any amounts for which we are held liable in excess of our agreed share, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves. Each of these risks could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The business separation and related transactions may expose us to potential liabilities arising out of state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws and legal distribution requirements.
Although we have received a solvency opinion confirming that we and our Former Parent will each be adequately capitalized following the Distribution, the Separation could be challenged under various state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws. Fraudulent conveyances or transfers are generally defined to include transfers made or obligations incurred with the actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud current or future creditors or transfers made or obligations incurred for less than reasonably equivalent value when the debtor was insolvent, or that rendered the debtor insolvent, inadequately capitalized or unable to pay
its debts as they become due. Any unpaid creditor could claim that the Former Parent did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value in the Separation and Distribution, and that the Separation and Distribution left our Former Parent insolvent or with unreasonably small capital or that the Former Parent intended or believed it would incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. If a court were to agree with such a creditor, then such court could void the Separation and Distribution as a fraudulent transfer or impose substantial liabilities on us, which may adversely affect our financial condition and our results of operations. Among other things, the court could return some of our assets or your shares of Xperi Inc. common stock to our Former Parent, provide our Former Parent with a claim for money damages against us in an amount equal to the difference between the consideration received by our Former Parent and the fair market value of us at the time of the Distribution, or require us to fund liabilities of other companies involved in the Internal Reorganization and Business Realignment for the benefit of creditors.
The Distribution is also subject to review under state corporate distribution statutes. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), a corporation may only pay dividends to its stockholders either (i) out of its surplus (net assets minus capital) or (ii) if there is no such surplus, out of its net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year. Although the Former Parent board of directors intended to make the Distribution out of the Former Parent’s surplus and received an opinion that the Former Parent has adequate surplus under Delaware law to declare the dividend of our common stock in connection with the Distribution, there can be no assurance that a court will not later determine that some or all of the Distribution was unlawful.
Our Former Parent may compete with us.
Our Former Parent will not be restricted from competing with us. If our Former Parent in the future decides to engage in the type of business we conduct or to engage our customers or prospective customers in IP licensing discussions, it may have a competitive advantage over us or interfere with our actual or prospective relations with our customers, which may cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be materially adversely affected.
We may have received better terms from unaffiliated third parties than the terms we will receive in our agreements with our Former Parent.
The agreements we entered into with our Former Parent in connection with the separation, including the Separation and Distribution Agreement, Transition Services Agreement, Employee Matters Agreement, Tax Matters Agreement, Data Sharing Agreement and Cross Business License Agreement were prepared in the context of our separation from our Former Parent while we were still a wholly-owned subsidiary of our Former Parent. Accordingly, during the period in which the terms of those agreements were prepared, we did not have a separate or independent board of directors or a management team that was separate from or independent of our Former Parent. As a result, the terms of those agreements may not reflect terms that would have resulted from arm’s-length negotiations between unaffiliated third parties. Arm’s-length negotiations between our Former Parent and an unaffiliated third-party in another form of transaction, such as a buyer in a sale of a business transaction, may have resulted in more favorable terms to the unaffiliated third party.
Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock
We cannot be certain that an active trading market for our common stock will be sustained and our stock price may fluctuate significantly.
Our common stock has been traded on the New York Stock Exchange since October 2022. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:
•our quarterly or annual earnings, or those of other companies in our industry;
•the failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock;
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;
•changes in earnings estimates by securities analysts or our ability to meet those estimates or our earnings guidance;
•the operating and stock price performance of other comparable companies;
•overall market fluctuations and domestic and worldwide economic conditions; and
•other factors described in these “Risk Factors” and elsewhere herein.
Stock markets in general have experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
We cannot guarantee the timing, amount or payment of dividends, if any, on our common stock in the future.
There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient surplus under Delaware law to be able to pay any dividends in the future. The declaration, payment and amount of any dividends will be subject to the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition and prospects, our capital requirements and access to capital markets, covenants associated with certain of our debt obligations, legal requirements and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant, and there can be no assurances that we will pay any dividends in the future.
A stockholder’s percentage of ownership in us may be diluted in the future.
A stockholder’s percentage ownership in us may be diluted because of equity issuances for acquisitions, capital market transactions or otherwise, including, without limitation, equity awards that we may grant to our directors, officers, and employees. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designation, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, including preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends and distributions, as our Board of Directors generally may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock. For example, we could grant the holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we could assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of our common stock.
Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, Delaware law and in the Tax Matters Agreement may prevent or delay an acquisition of us, which could decrease the trading price of our common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain, and Delaware law contains, provisions that are intended to deter coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids by making such practices or bids unacceptably expensive to the bidder and to encourage prospective acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors rather than to attempt a hostile takeover.
In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. Section 203 of the DGCL provides that, subject to limited exceptions, persons that (without prior board approval) acquire, or are affiliated with a person that acquires, more than 15 percent of the outstanding voting stock of a Delaware corporation shall not engage in any business combination with that corporation, including by merger, consolidation or acquisitions of additional shares, for a three-year period following the date on which that person or its affiliate becomes the holder of more than 15 percent of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock.
We believe these provisions protect our stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors and by providing our Board of Directors with more time to assess any acquisition proposal. These provisions are not intended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions apply even if an acquisition proposal or offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors determines is not in our and our stockholders’ best interests. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.
Several of the agreements that we have entered into with our Former Parent require our Former Parent’s consent to any assignment by us of our rights and obligations, or a change of control of us, under the agreements. The consent rights set forth in these agreements might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that you may consider favorable.
In addition, an acquisition or further issuance of our stock could trigger the application of section 355(e) of the Code. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, we are required to indemnify our Former Parent for the tax imposed under section 355(e) of the Code resulting from an acquisition or issuance of our stock, even if we did not participate in or otherwise facilitate the acquisition, and this indemnity obligation might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that our stockholders may consider favorable.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit the ability of our stockholders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
Pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a duty (including any fiduciary duty) owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents arising out of or relating to any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws (each, as in effect from time to time), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware; provided, however, that, in the event that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction over any such action or proceeding, the sole and exclusive forum for such action or proceeding shall be another state or federal court located within the State of Delaware, in each such case, unless the Court of Chancery (or such other state or federal court located within the State of Delaware, as applicable) has dismissed a prior action by the same plaintiff asserting the same claims because such court lacked personal jurisdiction over an indispensable party named as a defendant therein. Unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”). These exclusive forum provisions, however, do not apply to claims brought under the Exchange Act. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this provision and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for state and federal courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
The forum selection clause in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us and limit the market price of our common stock. Additionally, if a court were to find this provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and Board of Directors.
For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we are not required to comply with certain requirements that apply to other public companies.
We qualify as an emerging growth company, as defined in the 2012 Jumpstart Our Business Startups (“JOBS”) Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, which may be up to five full fiscal years, we, unlike other public companies, will not be required to, among other things: (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (ii) comply with the requirement of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the communication of critical audit matters in the auditor’s report on financial statements; (iii) provide certain disclosures regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies; or (iv) hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation and any golden-parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for adopting new or revised financial accounting standards. We may take advantage of the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards permitted under the JOBS Act until we are no longer an emerging growth company. If we were to subsequently elect instead to comply with these public company effective dates, such election would be irrevocable pursuant to the JOBS Act.
While we generally must comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the year ending December 31, 2023, we are not required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls until our first annual report subsequent to our ceasing to be an emerging growth company. Accordingly, we may not be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls until as late as our annual report for the year ending December 31, 2027. Once it is required to do so, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed. We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if we have more than $1.235 billion of revenue in a fiscal year, have more than $700 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.
For so long as we rely on any of the exemptions available to emerging growth companies, you will receive less information about our executive compensation and internal control over financial reporting than issuers that are not emerging growth companies. We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these
exemptions. If some investors find our common stock to be less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
We lease our principal corporate headquarters in San Jose, California with approximately 127,000 square feet, where we house administrative, sales, marketing and research and development personnel. We also own a building in Calabasas, California with approximately 89,000 square feet, which houses administrative, sales, marketing and research and development personnel. We also lease facilities in other locations, including Canada, China, India, Ireland, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Romania, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States. We believe that our existing space is adequate for our current operations. We believe that suitable replacement and additional space, to the extent needed, will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of our business, we are involved in legal proceedings. In the past, we have litigated to enforce the terms of license agreements, determine infringement or validity of intellectual property rights, and defend ourselves or our customers against claims of infringement or breach of contract. We expect to continue to be involved in similar legal proceedings in the
future. Although considerable uncertainty exists, our management does not anticipate that the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, consolidated financial position or liquidity. However, the ultimate disposition, costs, or liabilities could be material to our results of operations in the period recognized.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock has been trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “XPER” since October 3, 2022. Prior to that date, there was no established public market for our stock.
As of February 16, 2024, there were 44,271,263 outstanding shares of common stock held by 269 stockholders of record. In addition, a substantially greater number of stockholders may be “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock since the Separation. Any determination to pay dividends on our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual obligations, general business conditions and other factors that our Board of Directors considers relevant.
Stock Repurchases
As of December 31, 2023, we had no authorized share repurchase programs and there were no share repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Stock Performance Graph
The common stock of Xperi Inc. commenced trading on October 3, 2022 following the completion of the Separation. The following graph shows a comparison of total stockholder return for holders of our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P 500 for the period beginning October 3, 2022, the date of the Separation, through December 31, 2023.
The graph and table assume that $100 was invested on October 3, 2022 in each of our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P 500, and that all dividends were reinvested. This graphic comparison is presented pursuant to the rules of the SEC.
10/3/2022
12/30/2022
3/31/2023
6/30/2023
9/29/2023
12/29/2023
Xperi Inc.
$
100.00
$
57.52
$
73.01
$
87.84
$
65.87
$
73.61
Nasdaq Composite
$
100.00
$
96.77
$
113.00
$
127.48
$
122.23
$
138.80
Russell 2000 Index
$
100.00
$
103.07
$
105.48
$
110.53
$
104.46
$
118.62
S&P 500
$
100.00
$
104.38
$
111.71
$
120.99
$
116.57
$
129.67
This section is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. (Reserved)

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis is intended to promote understanding of the results of operations and financial condition and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect the plans, estimates and beliefs of Xperi. The words “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “will,” “intends,” “potentially,” “projects,” “targets,” or other words of similar meaning and similar expressions, among others, generally identify “forward-looking statements,” which speak only as of the date the statements were made. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. We disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, except as required by applicable law.
This section of Form 10-K generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022. Discussions of 2021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 6, 2023, which is available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our Investor Relations website at investor.xperi.com.
Business Overview
We are a leading consumer and entertainment technology company. We believe we create extraordinary experiences at home and on the go for millions of consumers around the world, enabling audiences to connect with content in a way that is more intelligent, immersive, and personal. Powering smart devices, connected cars, entertainment experiences and more, we bring together ecosystems designed to reach highly engaged consumers, allowing us and our ecosystem partners to uncover significant new business opportunities, now and in the future. Our technologies are integrated into consumer devices and a variety of media platforms worldwide, driving increased value for our partners, customers, and consumers. We operate in one reportable business segment and group our business into four categories: Pay-TV, Consumer Electronics, Connected Car and Media Platform. Headquartered in Silicon Valley with operations around the world, we have approximately 2,100 employees and more than 35 years of operating experience.
Divestiture
In December 2023, we entered into a definitive agreement with Tobii AB, an eye tracking and attention computing company, pursuant to which we agreed to sell our AutoSense in-cabin safety business and related imaging solutions (the “Divestiture”). The Divestiture, which was completed in January 2024, is expected to further streamline our business and focus our investments on entertainment markets.
The estimated impact of the Divestiture on 2024 revenue is approximately $30.0 million.
Spin-Off Transaction
In June 2020, Xperi Holding Corporation (“Xperi Holding,” “Adeia,” or the “Former Parent”) announced plans to separate into two independent publicly traded companies (the “Separation”), one comprising its intellectual property (“IP”) licensing business and one comprising its product business (“Xperi Product”). On October 1, 2022 (the “Separation Date”), the Former Parent completed the Separation (the “Spin-Off”) through a pro-rata distribution (the “Distribution”) of all of the outstanding common stock of its product-related business (“Xperi,” “we,” “our,” or the “Company”) to the stockholders of record of Xperi Holding Corporation as of the close of business on September 21, 2022, the record date (the “Record Date”) for the Distribution. Each Xperi Holding stockholder of record received four shares of Xperi common stock, $0.001 par value, for every ten shares of Xperi Holding common stock, $0.001 par value, held by such stockholder as of the close of business on the Record Date. As a result of the Distribution, Xperi became an independent, publicly traded company and its common stock is listed under the symbol “XPER” on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).
Basis of Presentation
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States (“U.S.”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, all of the assets and liabilities of the Xperi Product business had been transferred to a legal entity (the “Transfer”) under the common control of Xperi Inc. (“Xperi”). Subsequent to this Transfer and through December 31, 2022, our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared on a consolidated basis and include the financial statements of Xperi and its subsidiaries in which Xperi has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Prior to the Transfer, the financial statements and accompanying notes of the Xperi Product business were prepared on a combined basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Former Parent as we were not historically held by a single legal entity.
For a detailed discussion of the basis of presentation, refer to Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Key Metrics
In evaluating our financial condition and operating performance, we focus on revenue and cash flow from operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022:
•Revenue increased by $19.1 million, representing a 4% increase for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $10.7 million in Connected Car revenue as the result of growth from the DTS AutoSense and DTS AutoStage solutions and HD Radio, an increase of $9.2 million in Media Platform revenue driven principally by contribution from Vewd, which was acquired in July 2022, as well as an increase of $4.0 million in Consumer Electronics revenue due largely to growth in royalty and minimum guarantee contracts revenue in Home and Audio. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $4.8 million in Pay-TV revenue, driven by declines in core guide products and consumer hardware and subscription revenue which were partially offset by increases in IPTV solutions.
•Net cash from operating activities increased by $28.5 million benefiting primarily from higher cash collections, strong working capital management and a decrease in Separation-related transaction costs and severance and retention payments in 2023.
Results of Operations
The following table presents our historical operating results for the periods indicated as a percentage of revenue:
Year Ended December 31,
Revenue
%
%
%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization of intangible assets
Research and development
Selling, general and administrative
Depreciation expense
Amortization expense
Goodwill impairment
-
-
Impairment of long-lived assets
-
-
Total operating expenses
Operating loss
(25
)
(149
)
(33
)
Other (expense) income, net
-
-
-
Loss before taxes
(25
)
(149
)
(33
)
Provision for income taxes
Net loss
(27
)%
(152
)%
(37
)%
Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Revenue
We derive the majority of our revenue from licensing our technology and solutions to customers. For our revenue recognition policy including descriptions of revenue-generating activities, refer to Note 3-Revenue of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table sets forth our revenue by year:
Year Ended December 31,
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
$
521,334
$
502,260
$
19,074
%
The $19.1 million or 4% increase in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the prior year, was primarily attributable to an increase of $10.7 million in Connected Car revenue as the result of growth from the DTS AutoSense and DTS AutoStage solutions and HD Radio, an increase of $9.2 million in Media Platform revenue driven principally by contribution from Vewd, which was acquired in July 2022, as well as an increase of $4.0 million in Consumer Electronics revenue due largely to growth in royalty and minimum guarantee contracts revenue in Home and Audio. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $4.8 million in Pay-TV revenue, driven by declines in core guide products and consumer hardware and subscription revenue which were partially offset by increases in IPTV solutions.
Operating Expenses
Year Ended December 31,
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization of intangible assets
$
118,628
$
122,946
$
(4,318
)
(4
)%
Research and development
222,833
216,355
6,478
%
Selling, general and administrative
233,403
217,402
16,001
%
Depreciation expense
16,645
20,501
(3,856
)
(19
)%
Amortization expense
57,752
62,209
(4,457
)
(7
)%
Goodwill impairment
-
604,555
(604,555
)
(100
)%
Impairment of long-lived assets
1,710
7,724
(6,014
)
(78
)%
Total operating expenses
$
650,971
$
1,251,692
$
(600,721
)
(48
)%
Cost of Revenue, Excluding Depreciation and Amortization of Intangible Assets
Cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, consists primarily of employee-related costs, royalties paid to third parties, hardware product-related costs, maintenance costs and an allocation of facilities costs, as well as service center and other expenses related to providing our offerings and non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) services.
Cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $118.6 million, as compared to $122.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $4.3 million, or 4%. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower hardware product-related costs and lower revenue share accrued and paid, partially offset by higher costs incurred in connection with advertising revenue and NRE services in 2023.
Research and Development
Research, development and other related costs (“R&D expense”) are comprised primarily of employee-related costs, stock-based compensation expense, engineering consulting expenses associated with new product and technology development, product commercialization, quality assurance and testing costs, as well as costs related to patent applications and examinations, materials, supplies, and an allocation of facilities costs. All research, development and other related costs are expensed as incurred.
R&D expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $222.8 million as compared to $216.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $6.4 million, or 3%. The increase was primarily due to employees hired in connection with the Vewd Acquisition in July 2022, an increase in R&D spend on AutoSense programs, and higher stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a decrease in severance and retention expense in 2023.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs (including stock-based compensation expense) for sales and marketing personnel engaged in sales and licensee support, marketing programs, public relations, promotional materials, travel, and trade show expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs (including stock-based compensation expense) for management, information technology, finance and legal personnel, legal fees and expenses, facilities costs, and professional services. Our general and administrative expenses, other than facilities-related expenses and fringe benefits, are not allocated to other expense line items.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $233.4 million as compared to $217.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $16.0 million, or 7%. The increase was primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation expense and cloud computing expense.
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense was $16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $20.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $3.9 million, or 19%. The decrease was primarily due to certain fixed assets being fully depreciated during the fourth quarter of 2022 as well as during 2023.
Amortization Expense
Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $57.8 million, as compared to $62.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $4.4 million, or 7%. The decrease was primarily due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized in 2023, which was partially offset by new amortization expense as a result of the Vewd Acquisition in July 2022.
As a result of previous mergers and acquisitions, we anticipate that amortization expenses will continue to be a significant expense over the next several years. See Note 8-Goodwill impairment and Intangible Assets, Net of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
The following table sets forth our stock-based compensation (“SBC”) expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization of intangible assets
$
3,466
$
2,906
Research and development
25,276
21,561
Selling, general and administrative
40,789
20,836
Total stock-based compensation
$
69,531
$
45,303
Stock-based compensation include restricted stock units, employee stock options and purchases made under our employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”). The increase in SBC expense for the year ended December 31, 2023, when compared to the prior year, was primarily a result of granting restricted stock units to an increased number of employees resulting from the Vewd Acquisition and certain insourcing activity, and due to incremental compensation cost recognized from the conversion of employee equity awards in connection with the Spin-Off. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $6.9 million of SBC expense in operating results as part of the corporate and shared functional employees’ expenses allocation.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
As a result of optimizing our global real estate footprint and decisions to vacate and sublease an office building following the Spin-Off, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $7.7 million to reduce the carrying amount of certain operating lease
right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, during the year ended December 31, 2022. We determined that we may not be able to fully recover the carrying amount of the leased building due to a change in the manner in which the building is being used, an expected decrease in the market price of the leased asset, along with expected delays in subleasing the space based on the current real estate leasing market.
As a result of continuing to optimize our global real estate footprint and decisions to vacate and sublease certain offices following the Spin-Off, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $1.7 million to reduce the carrying amount of certain ROU assets and property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, during the year ended December 31, 2023. We determined that we may not be able to fully recover the carrying amount of the leased offices due to how the offices are being used, a significant decrease in the expected market price of the leased asset, and expected delays in subleasing the space based on the current real estate leasing market.
Goodwill Impairment
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, indicators of potential impairment for the Product reporting unit of our Former Parent were identified such that management concluded it was more-likely-than-not that goodwill was impaired and a quantitative interim goodwill impairment assessment should be performed as of September 30, 2022. Indicators of potential impairment included a sustained decline in our Former Parent’s stock price during the second half of the third quarter of 2022 reflective of rising interest rates and continued decline in macroeconomic conditions. We proceeded to perform a fair value analysis of the Product reporting unit using the market capitalization approach. Under this approach, we estimated the fair value of the Product reporting unit as of September 30, 2022 using quoted market prices of our common stock over its first ten trading days following the Separation, and a control premium representing the estimated synergies a market participant would achieve upon obtaining control of Xperi. As a result of the fair value analysis, we recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $354.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
During the three months ended December 31, 2022, sufficient indicators of potential impairment were identified such that management concluded it was more-likely-than-not that goodwill was impaired and a quantitative interim goodwill impairment test should be performed as of December 31, 2022. Indicators of potential impairment included a significant, sustained decline in the trading price of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2022. We proceeded to perform a fair value analysis of the Product reporting unit (our sole reporting unit) using the market capitalization approach. Under this approach, we estimated the fair value as of December 31, 2022 using quoted market prices of our common stock as of December 30, 2022, the last trading date of 2022, and a control premium representing the estimated synergies a market participant would achieve upon obtaining control of Xperi. As a result of the fair value analysis, a goodwill impairment charge of $250.6 million was recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2022. As a result of this impairment charge, our goodwill balance was reduced to $0 as of December 31, 2022.
We did not recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Year Ended December 31,
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Other (expense) income, net
$
(9
)
$
1,815
$
(1,824
)
(100
)%
Other (expense) income, net, for the year ended December 31, 2023 was insignificant, as compared to the $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Other (expense) income, net, was lower in 2023 principally due to higher foreign exchange transaction losses recognized as well as the interest expense on debt incurred in connection with the Vewd Acquisition discussed below in Liquidity and Capital Resources, partially offset by an increase in interest income from significant financing components from revenue contracts executed and gains recognized on derivatives not designated as hedge instruments in 2023.
Provision for Income Taxes
Year Ended December 31,
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Provision for income taxes
$
10,042
$
13,589
$
(3,547
)
(26
)%
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an income tax expense of $10.0 million on a pretax loss of $129.6 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (7.7)%. The income tax expense of $10.0 million was primarily related to foreign withholding taxes of $10.5 million, U.S. federal income taxes of $1.4 million, and foreign income tax expense of $8.3 million, partially offset by a tax benefit from an internal sale of intangible assets of $10.3 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded an income tax expense of $13.6 million on a pretax loss of $747.6 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (1.8)%. The income tax expense of $13.6 million was primarily related to foreign withholding taxes of $10.2 million, state income taxes of $1.6 million, and foreign income tax expense of $7.2 million, partially offset by a tax benefit due to an impairment of goodwill of $5.0 million.
Our income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was calculated on a separate return basis as if we would file our tax return for the full twelve months in each year. However, activities for periods prior to the Separation Date are generally reported on U.S. income tax returns filed by our Former Parent. Because of this, income tax expense presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for periods prior to the Separation was not necessarily representative of the taxes that arose when we filed our income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2022. In the future, under the Tax Matters Agreement, our Former Parent may utilize certain of our tax attributes generated during pre-Separation periods to reduce its tax liability for tax years ended December 31, 2022 and earlier. If our Former Parent should use such attributes, this would require an adjustment to our tax accounts.
At December 31, 2023, our 2019 through 2023 tax years are generally open and subject to potential examination in one or more jurisdictions. In addition, in the United States, any net operating losses or credits that were generated in prior years but not yet fully utilized in a year that is closed under the statute of limitations may also be subject to examination.
The need for a valuation allowance requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence when determining whether it is more-likely-than-not that deferred tax assets are recoverable. Such assessment is required on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. In making such assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. After considering both positive and negative evidence to assess the recoverability of our net deferred tax assets, we determined that it was unlikely that we would realize a portion of our federal, certain state and certain foreign deferred tax assets. We intend to continue maintaining a valuation allowance on our federal deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain federal deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. The exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release depends on the level of profitability that we are able to achieve.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table presents selected financial information related to our liquidity and significant sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
142,085
(1)
$
160,127
Current ratio
1.9
2.2
(1) Excludes $12.3 million of cash and cash equivalents classified as held for sale at December 31, 2023.
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$
$
(28,445
)
Net cash used in investing activities
$
(12,933
)
$
(64,846
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
$
7,052
$
135,751
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are our cash on hand including cash provided by the Former Parent prior to the Separation. Cash and cash equivalents were $154.4 million, including $12.3 million classified as held-for-sale in connection with the Divestiture, at December 31, 2023, a decrease of $5.7 million from $160.1 million at December 31, 2022. This decrease resulted primarily from $12.7 million of capital expenditures, and $4.9 million in payment of withholding taxes on net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by $11.9 million in proceeds received from the issuance of common stock under the ESPP.
Our material cash requirements include the following contractual and other obligations.
Leases
We have lease arrangements for office and research facilities, data centers and office equipment. As of December 31, 2023, fixed lease payment obligations amounted to $49.9 million, with $16.8 million payable within 12 months. See Note 10-Leases of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on lease obligations and maturities.
Long-Term Debt
As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding long-term debt in an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million, which is due on July 1, 2025. We may, at any time and on any one or more occasions, prepay all or any portion of the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, without premium or penalty. Future interest payments associated with the debt total $4.5 million, with $3.0 million payable within 12 months.
Purchase Obligations
Our purchase obligations primarily consist of noncancelable obligations related to advertising, engineering services and internet and telecommunications services. As of December 31, 2023, we had purchase obligations of $143.2 million, with $44.2 million payable within 12 months. These purchase obligations represent commitments under enforceable and legally binding agreements, and do not represent the entire anticipated purchases in the future. See Note 11-Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our purchase obligations.
Income Tax Payable
As of December 31, 2023, we had accrued $9.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits in long-term income taxes payable related to uncertain tax positions, which included $0.4 million of accrued interest and penalties. At this time, we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of the long-term payments or the amount by which the liability will increase or decrease over time.
Cash Flows
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations was $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to our net loss of $139.7 million and a decrease in deferred income taxes of $8.6 million, offset by non-cash items such as depreciation expense of $16.6 million, amortization of intangible assets of $57.8 million, stock-based compensation expense of $69.5 million, impairment of long-lived assets of $1.7 million, and $2.0 million of changes in operating assets and liabilities.
Net cash used by operations was $28.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to our net loss of $761.2 million and $6.0 million in changes in operating assets and liabilities being adjusted for non-cash items of depreciation of $20.5 million, amortization of intangible assets of $62.2 million, stock-based compensation of $45.3 million, goodwill impairment of $604.6 million and impairment of long-lived assets of $7.7 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $12.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily related to capital expenditures.
Net cash used in investing activities was $64.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily related to net cash paid of $50.5 million for the Vewd Acquisition, and capital expenditures of $14.2 million.
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures for property, plant, and equipment consist primarily of purchases of computer hardware and software (including capitalized internal use software), information systems, production and test equipment. We expect capital expenditures in 2024 to be approximately $20.0 million. These expenditures are expected to be financed with existing cash and
cash equivalents. There can be no assurance that current expectations will be realized and plans are subject to change upon further review of our capital expenditure needs.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to $11.9 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the ESPP, offset by $4.9 million in payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $135.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 consisting primarily of $52.8 million of net transfers from the Former Parent and $83.2 million of net proceeds from capital contributions by the Former Parent.
Long-term Debt
In connection with the Vewd acquisition on July 1, 2022, we issued a senior unsecured promissory note (the “Promissory Note”) to the sellers of Vewd in the principal amount of $50.0 million. Indebtedness outstanding under the Promissory Note bears an interest rate of 6.00% per annum, payable in cash on a quarterly basis. If a certain qualified spin-off transaction occurs, the interest rate will be increased to the greater of (a) 6.00% and (b) the sum of (i) the highest interest rate payable under any credit facility or bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments where we or any guarantor borrows money or guarantees obligations on a secured basis on or after the date of such spin-off transaction, plus (ii) 2.00%. It was determined that the Spin-Off completed on October 1, 2022 did not trigger any change in the interest rate of the debt. The Promissory Note matures on July 1, 2025. We may, at any time and on any one or more occasions, prepay all or any portion of the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, under the Promissory Note without premium or penalty. In addition, the Promissory Note has mandatory prepayment provisions upon certain change of control or asset sale events.
At December 31, 2023, $50.0 million was outstanding under the Promissory Note with an annual interest rate of 6.0%. Interest is payable quarterly. Under the Promissory Note agreement, we are obligated to make a balloon principal payment of $50.0 million in July 2025.
Following the Separation from our Former Parent, our capital structure and sources of liquidity changed significantly. We no longer participate in cash management and funding arrangements facilitated by the Former Parent. At the time of the Spin-Off, our Former Parent capitalized us such that we carried an amount of cash and cash equivalents of over $180.0 million.
Our current cash and cash equivalents balance is expected to be sufficient to support our operations, capital expenditures and income tax payments, in addition to any investments and other capital allocation needs, for at least the next 12 months from the issuance date of these financial statements.
Poor financial results, unanticipated expenses, unanticipated acquisitions of technologies or businesses or unanticipated strategic investments could give rise to additional financing requirements sooner than we expect. There can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available when needed or, if available, that such equity financing will be on terms satisfactory to us and not dilutive to our then-current stockholders or that debt financing will not impose significant restrictions on the operation of our business.
We may supplement our short-term liquidity needs with access to capital markets, if necessary, and strategic cost savings initiatives. Our access to capital markets may be constrained and our cost of borrowing may increase under certain business and market conditions, and our liquidity is subject to various risks including the risks identified in “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP in the United States which requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. We evaluate our estimates based on our historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates relate to revenue recognition, the assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, business combinations, recognition and measurement of deferred income tax
assets and liabilities, the assessment of unrecognized tax benefits, and others. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and material effects on our operating results and financial position may result.
We believe the following accounting estimates are most critical to understanding our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3-Revenue of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of our accounting policies.
Revenue recognition
We derive the majority of our revenue from the licensing of our technologies to customers. Generally, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products, services, or licensing of our technologies to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those products, services and licensing of the technologies. The primary judgments include estimating licensees’ quarterly royalties prior to receiving the royalty reports, estimating variable consideration, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining stand-alone selling price and the transaction price, and allocating consideration in an arrangement with multiple performance obligations.
We generally recognize royalty revenue from per-unit or per-subscriber licenses based on units shipped or manufactured, or number of subscribers. Revenue is recognized in the period in which the customer’s sales, production or usage are estimated to have occurred. This may result in an adjustment to revenue when actual sales, production or usage are subsequently reported by the customer, generally in the month or quarter following sales, production or usage. Estimating customers’ quarterly royalties and license fees prior to receiving the customer reports requires us to make significant assumptions and judgments related to forecasted trends and growth rates used to estimate quantities shipped or manufactured by customers or the number of subscribers, which could have a material impact on the amount of revenue we report on a quarterly basis.
Business combinations
The valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in an acquisition under Accounting Standard Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions. Critical estimates in determining the fair value of certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to: future expected cash flows from customer contracts, customer lists, and acquired developed technologies and patents; competitive trends and market comparables; brand awareness and market position, as well as assumptions about the period of time the brand will continue to be used in our product portfolio; and discount rates. For additional information, refer to Note 7-Acquisitions and Divestitures of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Impairment of intangible assets
Identified finite-lived intangible assets consist of acquired patents, existing technology, customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, non-compete agreements resulting from acquisitions, and acquired patents under asset purchase agreements. Our identified intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 10 years. We make judgments about the recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If such facts and circumstances exist, we assess recoverability by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairments, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If the useful life is shorter than originally estimated, we would accelerate the rate of amortization and amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life.
For identified indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting from acquisitions, we evaluate their carrying value on an annual basis, and an impairment charge would be recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of such assets exceeds their estimated fair value.
Accounting for income taxes
We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments are used in the calculation of tax credits, tax benefits and deductions, and in the calculation of tax assets and liabilities. Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to our tax provision in a subsequent period.
We must assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely on a more-likely-than-not basis, we must increase our provision for income taxes by recording a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. Should there be a change in our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, our provision for income taxes would fluctuate in the period of the change.
We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with authoritative guidance related to income taxes. The calculation of our unrecognized tax benefits involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. As such, we are required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding our income tax exposures. We record unrecognized tax benefits for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional tax liabilities are more-likely-than-not assuming the tax authorities have full knowledge of all relevant information. If we ultimately determine that the tax liabilities are unnecessary, we reverse the liabilities and recognize a tax benefit during the period in which it occurs. This may occur for a variety of reasons, such as the expiration of the statute of limitations on a particular tax return or the completion of an examination by the relevant tax authority. We record an additional charge in our provision for taxes in the period in which we determine that the recorded unrecognized tax benefits are less than the expected ultimate settlement.
Our policy is to classify accrued interest and penalties related to the accrued liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized interest and penalties of $0.3 million related to unrecognized tax benefits, whereas interest and penalties were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. See Note 14-Income Taxes of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and maintain liquidity while at the same time capturing a market rate of return. To achieve these objectives, we maintain our portfolio of cash and cash equivalents with high quality financial institutions in the countries in which we do business. Our cash and cash equivalents and future investments are subject to risks including:
Investment Risk
We are not currently exposed to market risk because we hold no investments, however we may hold such investments in the future. We will be exposed to market risk as it relates to changes in the market value of our investments in addition to the liquidity and creditworthiness of the underlying issuers of our investments. Investments are subject to fluctuations in fair value due to the volatility of the credit markets and prevailing interest rates for such securities.
Bank Liquidity Risk
As of December 31, 2023, we had a total of $154.4 million of deposits, including $12.3 million classified as held-for-sale in connection with the Divestiture, in operating accounts that were held with both domestic and international financial institutions. These deposits could be lost or become inaccessible if the underlying financial institutions fail or if they are unable to meet the liquidity requirements of their depositors and they are not supported by the government of the jurisdiction where such cash is held. We have not incurred any losses and have had full access to our operating accounts to date. We believe any failures of domestic and international financial institutions could impact our ability to fund our operations in the short term.
Exchange Rate Risk
Our international business is subject to risks, including, but not limited to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, other regulations and restrictions, and foreign exchange rate volatility when compared to the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, our future results could be materially impacted by changes in these or other factors.
Due to our operations outside the United States, we are subject to the risks of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly related to the Indian rupee, Polish zloty, Euro, and British pound. As a substantial majority of our non-U.S. revenue and expense transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could cause our products and services to become relatively more expensive to customers in a particular country, leading to a reduction in sales or profitability in that country. Some of our subsidiaries operate in their local currency, which mitigates a portion of the exposure related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
We have established risk management strategies designed to reduce the impact of volatility of future cash flows caused by changes in the exchange rate for these currencies. These strategies reduce, but do not, entirely, eliminate, the impact of currency exchange rate movements. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we began to hedge our exposure to certain foreign currencies with various financial institutions in an effort to minimize the impact of certain currency exchange rate fluctuations. If a financial counterparty to any of our hedging arrangements experiences financial difficulties or is otherwise unable to honor the terms of the foreign currency hedge, we may experience financial losses.
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and reclassified into earnings in the same financial statement line as the item being hedged, and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized each period in other income (expense), net. For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments, gains and losses are recognized each period in other income (expense), net.
As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts with a total notional amount of $46.2 million to buy and sell U.S. dollars in exchange for other currencies. Assuming a hypothetical 10% favorable or adverse movement in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, our outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts would experience a gain of approximately $5.0 million or a loss of approximately $4.0 million.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, equity, comprehensive loss and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023 are set forth in this Annual Report at Item 15(a)(1).

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K are certifications of Xperi Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, which are required in accordance with Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. This “Controls and Procedures” section includes information concerning the controls and controls evaluation referred to in the certifications and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications, for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report (the evaluation date). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of the evaluation date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information relating to Xperi, including our subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in our SEC reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to Xperi’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm due to an exemption established by the rules of the SEC for newly public companies.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act, during the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023 that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

---

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.

---

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference from the information under the captions “Executive Officers,” “Election of Directors” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” that will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”).
We have adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons serving similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website at investor.xperi.com. If we make any substantive amendments to, or grant any waivers from, the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy for any officer or director, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website or in a current report on Form 8-K within four business days of such amendment or waiver.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers” and “Executive Compensation and Related Information” that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Election of Directors” that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption “Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” that will be contained in the Proxy Statement.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents filed as part of this report:
Page
Number
(1) Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive loss
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statements of Equity
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedule
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(3) Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index preceding the signature page to this Annual Report are filed as part of this Annual Report.
Auditor Firm Id: 238	Auditor Name: PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP	Auditor Location: San Jose, California, USA
Report of Independe nt Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Xperi Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Xperi Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive loss, of equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
March 1, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
XPERI INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31,
Revenue
$
521,334
$
502,260
$
486,483
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization of intangible assets
118,628
122,946
125,626
Research and development
222,833
216,355
194,869
Selling, general and administrative
233,403
217,402
199,921
Depreciation expense
16,645
20,501
22,584
Amortization expense
57,752
62,209
105,311
Goodwill impairment
-
604,555
-
Impairment of long-lived assets
1,710
7,724
-
Total operating expenses
650,971
1,251,692
648,311
Operating loss
(129,637
)
(749,432
)
(161,828
)
Other (expense) income, net
(9
)
1,815
1,590
Loss before taxes
(129,646
)
(747,617
)
(160,238
)
Provision for income taxes
10,042
13,589
18,840
Net loss
(139,688
)
(761,206
)
(179,078
)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
(3,075
)
(3,722
)
(3,456
)
Net loss attributable to the Company
$
(136,613
)
$
(757,484
)
$
(175,622
)
Net loss per share attributable to the Company - basic and diluted
$
(3.18
)
$
(18.02
)
$
(4.18
)
Weighted-average number of shares used in net loss per share calculations - basic and diluted
43,012
42,029
42,024
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
XPERI INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
Net loss
$
(139,688
)
$
(761,206
)
$
(179,078
)
Other comprehensive loss:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment
(3,349
)
(1,987
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
1,128
(94
)
-
Comprehensive loss
(138,434
)
(764,649
)
(181,065
)
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
(3,075
)
(3,722
)
(3,456
)
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company
$
(135,359
)
$
(760,927
)
$
(177,609
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
XPERI INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for par value)
December 31,
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
142,085
$
160,127
Accounts receivable, net
55,984
64,712
Unbilled contracts receivable, net
64,114
65,251
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
38,874
42,174
Assets held for sale
15,860
-
Total current assets
316,917
332,264
Unbilled contracts receivable, noncurrent
18,231
4,289
Property and equipment, net
41,569
47,827
Operating lease right-of-use assets
39,900
52,901
Intangible assets, net
206,895
264,376
Deferred tax assets
5,093
2,096
Other noncurrent assets
32,781
33,158
Assets held for sale, noncurrent
12,249
-
Total assets
$
673,635
$
736,911
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
$
20,849
$
14,864
Accrued liabilities
109,961
110,014
Deferred revenue
28,111
25,363
Liabilities held for sale
6,191
-
Total current liabilities
165,112
150,241
Long-term debt
50,000
50,000
Deferred revenue, noncurrent
19,425
19,129
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent
30,598
42,666
Deferred tax liabilities
6,983
12,899
Other noncurrent liabilities
4,577
12,990
Liabilities held for sale, noncurrent
9,805
-
Total liabilities
286,500
287,925
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Equity:
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value; 6,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and 2022; no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
-
-
Common stock: $0.001 par value; 140,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and 2022; 44,211 and 42,066 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
1,212,501
1,136,330
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(2,865
)
(4,119
)
Accumulated deficit
(805,448
)
(668,835
)
Total Company stockholders' equity
404,232
463,418
Noncontrolling interest
(17,097
)
(14,432
)
Total equity
387,135
448,986
Total liabilities and equity
$
673,635
$
736,911
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
XPERI INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss
$
(139,688
)
$
(761,206
)
$
(179,078
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment
16,645
20,501
22,584
Amortization of intangible assets
57,752
62,209
105,311
Stock-based compensation
69,531
45,303
33,509
Goodwill impairment
-
604,555
-
Impairment of long-lived assets
1,710
7,724
-
Deferred income taxes
(8,596
)
(9,261
)
6,913
Other
(1,754
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
5,721
17,505
(2,416
)
Unbilled contracts receivable
(19,386
)
(12,473
)
15,475
Prepaid expenses and other assets
2,696
(20,439
)
15,296
Accounts payable
5,071
6,633
(4,018
)
Accrued and other liabilities
3,688
18,782
(37,249
)
Deferred revenue
4,170
(8,302
)
1,974
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
(28,445
)
(23,453
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net cash paid for mergers and acquisitions
-
(50,473
)
(12,401
)
Purchases of property and equipment
(12,748
)
(14,207
)
(8,893
)
Purchases of intangible assets
(185
)
(166
)
(186
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(12,933
)
(64,846
)
(21,480
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from capital contributions by Former Parent
-
83,235
-
Net transfers from Former Parent
-
52,802
83,330
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
11,927
-
-
Withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards
(4,875
)
(286
)
-
Net cash provided by financing activities
7,052
135,751
83,330
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(3,028
)
(3,326
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(5,693
)
39,432
35,071
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
160,127
120,695
85,624
Cash, cash equivalents and cash classified held-for-sale at end of period
$
154,434
$
160,127
$
120,695
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and cash classified as held-for-sale to consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
142,085
$
160,127
$
120,695
Cash and cash equivalents classified as held-for-sale, current (Note 7)
12,349
-
-
Total cash, cash equivalents and cash classified as held-for-sale in consolidated balance sheets
$
154,434
$
160,127
$
120,695
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Debt issued in connection with acquisition
$
-
$
50,000
$
-
Income taxes paid, net of refunds
$
21,333
$
13,416
$
11,801
Interest paid
$
3,000
$
$
-
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
XPERI INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
Common Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Net Investment
by Former
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Accumulated
Noncontrolling
Shares
Amount
Capital
Parent
Income (Loss)
Deficit
Interest
Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2020
-
$
-
$
-
$
1,084,630
$
1,311
$
-
$
(5,758
)
$
1,080,183
Net transfers from Former Parent
-
-
-
116,830
-
-
-
116,830
Issuance of equity to noncontrolling interest
-
-
-
-
-
-
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
(1,987
)
-
-
(1,987
)
Net loss
-
-
-
(175,622
)
-
-
(3,456
)
(179,078
)
Balance at December 31, 2021
-
-
-
1,025,838
(676
)
-
(9,205
)
1,015,957
Issuance of common stock and reclassification of net transfers from Former Parent
42,024
1,038,062
(1,038,104
)
-
-
-
-
Net transfers from Former Parent
-
-
-
100,915
-
-
-
100,915
Net capital contribution from and tax settlement with Former Parent
-
-
82,931
-
-
-
-
82,931
Change in ownership interest of the Company
-
-
-
-
-
(1,505
)
(1,423
)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of tax withholding
-
(286
)
-
-
-
-
(286
)
Stock-based compensation
-
-
15,541
-
-
-
-
15,541
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
(3,349
)
-
-
(3,349
)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
-
-
-
-
(94
)
-
-
(94
)
Net loss
-
-
-
(88,649
)
-
(668,835
)
(3,722
)
(761,206
)
Balance at December 31, 2022
42,066
1,136,330
-
(4,119
)
(668,835
)
(14,432
)
448,986
Change in ownership interest of the Company
-
-
(410
)
-
-
-
-
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of tax withholding
-
(4,875
)
-
-
-
-
(4,875
)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
1,337
11,925
-
-
-
-
11,927
Stock-based compensation
-
-
69,531
-
-
-
-
69,531
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
-
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges
-
-
-
-
1,128
-
-
1,128
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
(136,613
)
(3,075
)
(139,688
)
Balance at December 31, 2023
44,211
$
$
1,212,501
$
-
$
(2,865
)
$
(805,448
)
$
(17,097
)
$
387,135
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
XPERI INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - THE COMPANY AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Xperi is a leading consumer and entertainment technology company. The Company creates extraordinary experiences at home and on the go for millions of consumers around the world, enabling audiences to connect with content in a way that is more intelligent, immersive, and personal. Powering smart devices, connected cars, entertainment experiences and more, the Company brings together ecosystems designed to reach highly engaged consumers, allowing it and its ecosystem partners to uncover significant new business opportunities, now and in the future. The Company’s technologies are integrated into consumer devices and a variety of media platforms worldwide, driving increased value for its partners, customers, and consumers. The Company operates in one reportable business segment and groups its business into four categories: Pay-TV, Consumer Electronics, Connected Car and Media Platform.
Xperi Spin-Off
In June 2020, Xperi Holding Corporation (“Xperi Holding,” “Adeia,” or the “Former Parent”) announced plans to separate into two independent publicly traded companies (the “Separation”), one comprising its intellectual property (“IP”) licensing business and one comprising its product business (“Xperi Product”). On October 1, 2022 (the “Separation Date”), the Former Parent completed the Separation (the “Spin-Off”) through a pro-rata distribution (the “Distribution”) of all the outstanding common stock of its product-related business (formerly known as Xperi Product, and hereinafter “Xperi Inc.”, “Xperi” or the “Company”) to the stockholders of record of the Former Parent as of the close of business on September 21, 2022, the record date (the “Record Date”) for the Distribution. Each Xperi Holding stockholder of record received four shares of Xperi common stock, $0.001 par value, for every ten shares of Xperi Holding common stock, $0.001 par value, held by such stockholder as of the close of business on the Record Date. As a result of the Distribution, Xperi became an independent, publicly traded company and its common stock is listed under the symbol “XPER” on the New York Stock Exchange. In connection with the Separation and the Distribution, Xperi Holding was renamed and continues as Adeia Inc. and also changed its stock symbol to “ADEA” on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States (“U.S.”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. The Company employs a calendar month-end reporting period for its quarterly reporting.
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, all of the assets and liabilities of the Xperi Product business had been transferred to a legal entity (the “Transfer”) under the common control of Xperi. Subsequent to this transfer and through December 31, 2022, the Company's financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared on a consolidated basis and include Xperi and its subsidiaries in which Xperi has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Prior to the Transfer, the financial statements and accompanying notes of the Xperi Product business were prepared on a combined basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Former Parent as the Company was not historically held by a single legal entity. Net investment by Former Parent, which represents the Former Parent’s total net interest in the recorded net assets of the Company prior to the transfer, is presented within equity on a combined basis in lieu of share capital. All intercompany balances and transactions within the combined businesses of the Company have been eliminated.
The Consolidated Balance Sheets of Xperi and its subsidiaries for the pre-Transfer periods include Former Parent’s assets and liabilities that are specifically identifiable or otherwise attributable to the Company. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company funded a new subsidiary, Perceive Corporation (“Perceive”), which was created to focus on delivering edge inference solutions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned approximately 77.6% of the outstanding equity interest of Perceive. The operating results of Perceive have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the fourth quarter of 2018.
Prior to the Separation, the Company was dependent on the Former Parent for all of its working capital and financing requirements as the Former Parent used a centralized approach to cash management and financing its operations. Financial transactions relating to the Company were accounted for as equity contributions from the Former Parent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accordingly, none of the Former Parent’s cash and cash equivalents were allocated to the Company for any of the periods presented, unless those balances were directly attributable to the Company. The Company reflects transfers of cash to and from the Former Parent’s cash management system within equity as a component of Net investment by Former Parent on a combined basis and as a component of net capital contribution from Former Parent on a consolidated basis. Other than the debt incurred in connection with the acquisition of Vewd Software Holdings Limited (“Vewd”) discussed in Note 7, the Former Parent’s long-term debt has not been attributed to the Company for any of the periods presented because the Former Parent’s borrowings are not the legal obligation of the Company.
Prior to the Separation, the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss of the Company reflect allocations of general corporate expenses from the Former Parent, including, but not limited to, executive management, sales and marketing, finance, legal, information technology, employee benefits administration, stock-based compensation, treasury, risk management, procurement, and other shared services. These allocations were made on a direct usage basis when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on a pro rata basis of billing, revenue, headcount, or other measures as deemed appropriate. Management of the Company and Former Parent consider these allocations to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services by, or the benefits provided to, the Company. The allocations may not, however, reflect the expenses the Company would have incurred as a standalone company for the periods presented. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a standalone company would depend on a number of factors, such as the chosen organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by employees and decisions with respect to areas such as facilities, information technology and operating infrastructure.
During the periods prior to the Separation that are presented in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company’s income tax expense (benefit) and deferred tax balances were included in the Former Parent’s income tax returns. Income tax expense (benefit) and deferred tax balances contained in these Consolidated Financial Statements for periods prior to the Separation are presented on a separate return basis, as if the Company had filed its own income tax returns. As a result, actual tax transactions included in the consolidated financial statements of the Former Parent may or may not be included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. Similarly, the tax treatment of certain items reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company may or may not be reflected in the consolidated financial statements and income tax returns of the Former Parent. The taxes recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for periods prior to the Separation Date are not necessarily representative of the taxes that arose when the Company filed its income tax returns independent from the Former Parent’s returns for the tax year ended December 31, 2022. The income tax expense (benefit) recorded for the three months ended December 31, 2022 is presented as if activity from this period would have been included in the same separate return as the nine months of activity through the Separation Date. Deferred tax balances for the period ended December 31, 2022 are presented for the standalone Company.
In the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 included in this Form 10-K filing, the Company has revised the long-term deferred tax liabilities and other long-term liabilities line items to correct an immaterial error in the classification of unrecognized tax benefits. The adjustment results in a $7.7 million decrease of long-term deferred tax liabilities and an increase in other long-term liabilities. The revision has no impact on total long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2022. In relation to this adjustment, the Company has also revised its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 to decrease deferred income tax and increase accrued and other liabilities within the changes in operating assets and liabilities section by $7.7 million, with no changes to net cash flows from operating activities for 2022. Further, the revision has no impact on the Company’s 2023 consolidated financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation
Subsequent to the Transfer during the third quarter of 2022 and through December 31, 2022, the Company’s financial statements were prepared on a consolidated basis and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as well as an entity in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Prior to the Transfer and through the date in the third quarter of 2022 when all subsidiaries of Xperi Product were owned by the parent company of Xperi Product, the accompanying financial statements of Xperi Product business were prepared on a combined basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Former Parent as the Company was not historically held by a single legal entity. Net investment by Former Parent, which represents the Former Parent’s total net interest in the recorded net assets of the Company prior to the Transfer and through the date when all subsidiaries of Xperi Product were owned by the parent company of Xperi Product, is presented within equity on a combined
basis in lieu of share capital. All intercompany balances and transactions within the combined business of the Company have been eliminated.
Foreign Currency Remeasurement and Transactions
The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, each foreign subsidiary remeasures monetary assets and liabilities at period-end exchange rates, while non-monetary items are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are remeasured at the exchange rates in effect on the day the transaction occurs, except for those expenses related to non-monetary assets and liabilities, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Remeasurement adjustments are recognized in other (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates and assumptions that require management’s most significant, challenging, and subjective judgment include the estimation of licensees’ quarterly royalties prior to receiving the royalty reports, the determination of stand-alone selling price and the transaction price in an arrangement with multiple performance obligations, the assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the assessment of useful lives and recoverability of other intangible assets and long-lived assets, recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, the assessment of unrecognized tax benefits, and purchase accounting resulting from business combinations. Actual results experienced by the Company may differ from management’s estimates.
Net Investment by Former Parent
Net investment by Former Parent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Equity represents the Former Parent’s historical investment in the Company, the net effect of transactions with and allocations from the Former Parent, and the Company’s accumulated deficit.
Net Loss Per Share
Net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For periods prior to the Separation, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share were based on the number of shares outstanding on October 1, 2022, the Separation Date. In addition, it is assumed that there were no dilutive equity instruments as there were no Xperi stock-based awards outstanding prior to the Separation. Dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding do not include unvested restricted stock units and stock options for the periods presented because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services, which may include various combinations of goods and services which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. See Note 3-Revenue for detailed discussion on revenue recognition and disaggregation of revenue.
Segment Reporting
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and that is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company has determined that it has one operating segment, which is also its reportable segment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with various financial institutions.
Non-Marketable Equity Investments
Investments in entities over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not hold a controlling interest, are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the Company records its proportionate share of income or loss in other income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Investments in entities over which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence and which do not have readily determinable fair values, are initially recognized at cost and remeasured through earnings when there is an observable transaction involving the same or similar investment of the same issuer, or due to an impairment (referred to as the “measurement alternative”). The fair value of non-marketable equity investments is not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. The Company monitors its non-marketable securities portfolio for potential impairment. When there is evidence that the expected fair value of the investment has declined to below the recorded cost, the impairment loss is recorded in other (expense) income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amount of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Long-term debt is carried at amortized cost and measured at fair value on a quarterly basis for disclosure purposes.
Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for trading purposes. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as assets or liabilities measured at fair value. For derivatives designated as a hedge, and effective as part of a hedge transaction, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and as a basis adjustment to the underlying hedged item and reclassified to earnings in the period in which the hedged item affects earnings. To the extent derivatives do not qualify or are not designated as hedges, or are ineffective, their changes in fair value are recorded in earnings immediately.
Concentration of Credit and Other Risks
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with large financial institutions, and at times, the deposits may exceed the federally insured limits. As part of its risk management processes, the Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. The Company has not sustained material credit losses from instruments held at these financial institutions. In addition, the Company has cash and cash equivalents held in international bank accounts that are denominated in various foreign currencies and has established risk management strategies designed to minimize the impact of certain currency exchange rate fluctuations.
The Company believes that any concentration of credit risk in its accounts receivable is substantially mitigated by its evaluation process, relatively short collection terms, and the high level of credit worthiness of its customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary, but generally requires no collateral.
There were no individually significant customers with revenue exceeding 10% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, no single customer represented 10% or more of the Company’s net balance of accounts receivable.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to cash collection.
Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, location of customer and the products or services offered, although terms generally require payment from a customer within 30 to 60 days. When the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of cash collection, an evaluation is performed to determine whether the contract includes a significant financing component.
The allowance for credit losses, which includes the allowance for accounts receivable and unbilled contracts receivable, represents the Company’s best estimate of lifetime expected credit losses inherent in those financial assets. The Company’s lifetime expected credit losses are determined using relevant information about past events (including historical experience), current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability. The Company monitors its credit exposure through ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary. In addition, the Company performs routine credit management activities such as timely account reconciliations, dispute resolution, and payment confirmations. The Company may employ collection agencies and legal counsel to pursue recovery of defaulted receivables.
Inventory
Inventories consist primarily of TiVo Stream 4K, finished DVRs, non-DVRs and accessories and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on an aggregate basis. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. Adjustments to reduce the carrying amount of inventory to the lower of cost or net realizable value are made, if required, for excess or obsolete goods, which includes a review of, among other factors, demand requirements and market conditions.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the related assets’ estimated useful lives:
Equipment, furniture and other
1 to 5 years
Leasehold improvements
Lesser of related lease term or 5 years
Building and improvements
Up to 30 years
Expenditures that materially increase asset life are capitalized, while ordinary maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Capitalization of Cloud Computing Costs
The Company capitalizes certain costs related to its enterprise cloud computing arrangements during the application development stage. During the post-implementation stage, these costs are amortized as hosting fees on a straight-line basis over the term of the hosting arrangements.
Acquisitions
The Company accounts for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification Topic ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. Upon acquisition, the accounts and results of operations are consolidated as of and subsequent to the acquisition date.
When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. The Company utilizes commonly accepted valuation techniques, such as the income approach and the cost approach, as appropriate, in establishing the fair value of intangible assets. Typically, key assumptions include projections of cash flows that arise from identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses as well as discount rates based on an analysis of the weighted average cost of capital, adjusted for specific risks associated with the assets.
Identified Intangible Assets and Goodwill Impairment
Identified finite-lived intangible assets consist of acquired patents, existing technology, customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, and non-compete agreements resulting from acquisitions, and acquired patents under asset purchase agreements. The Company’s identified intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 10 years. Identified indefinite-lived intangible assets include legacy TiVo tradenames and trademarks resulting from acquisitions.
Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired. Goodwill was not amortized, but rather evaluated for potential impairment annually. As part of its annual goodwill impairment test using the quantitative approach, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $604.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. See Note 8-Goodwill Impairment and Intangible Assets, Net for more detail regarding the goodwill impairment.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets include property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, and intangible assets. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Such events and changes may include: a significant decrease in market value, changes in asset use, negative industry or economic trends, and changes in the Company’s business strategy. The Company measures recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows that the assets or the asset group are expected to generate. If the carrying value of the assets is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets.
For identified indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting from acquisitions, the Company evaluates their carrying value on an annual basis, and an impairment charge would be recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of such assets exceeds their estimated fair value.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, accrued liabilities, and noncurrent operating lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and these terms are factored into the valuation of ROU assets and liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheets; expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are not included within the lease liability and ROU assets calculation.
As a practical expedient, the Company elected to account for lease components and non-lease components such as common area maintenance costs for all data center, office, and facility leases separately.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are comprised primarily of employee-related costs, stock-based compensation expense, engineering consulting expenses associated with new product and technology development, product commercialization, quality assurance and testing costs, as well as costs related to information technology, patent applications and examinations, materials, supplies, and an allocation of facilities costs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Stock-based Compensation
Prior to the Separation, certain Company employees participated in the Former Parent’s equity programs. Stock-based compensation expense has been attributed to the Company based on the awards and terms previously granted to the Company’s direct employees, as well as an allocation of the Former Parent’s corporate and shared functional employee expenses.
Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service or performance period. Forfeiture rates are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. If the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from the estimate, stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what was recorded in the current period.
The Company uses the closing trading price of its common stock on the date of grant as the fair value of awards of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) that are based on company-designated performance targets. For PSUs that are based on market conditions, or market-based PSUs, fair value is estimated by using a Monte Carlo simulation on the date of grant. The Company estimates the grant-date fair value of stock to be issued under the employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) using the Black-Scholes pricing model.
Income Taxes
Prior to the Separation, the Company’s operations were included in the tax returns filed by the respective Former Parent entities of which the Company’s businesses were a part. Income tax expense and other income tax-related information contained in these Consolidated Financial Statements are presented on a separate return basis as if the Company had filed its own tax returns. The separate return method applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to the Company’s standalone financial statements as if it were a separate taxpayer and a standalone enterprise for the periods presented. The income tax expense (benefit) recorded for the three month period ended December 31, 2022 is presented as if activity from this period would have been included in the same separate return as the nine months of activity through the date of Separation. Current income tax liabilities related to entities which file jointly with the Former Parent are assumed to be immediately settled with the Former Parent and are relieved through the Net Investment by Former Parent and are presented in Net transfers from and to Former Parent in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applicable to the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
From time to time, the Company engages in transactions in which the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty. Significant judgment is required in assessing and estimating the tax consequences of these transactions. Accruals for unrecognized tax benefit liabilities, which represent the difference between a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefit recognized for financial reporting purposes, are recorded when the Company believes it is not more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. Adjustments to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit, notice of an assessment by a taxing authority or the refinement of an estimate. Income tax benefit includes the effects of adjustments to unrecognized tax benefits, as well as any related interest and penalties.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are presented within selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were $8.1 million, $5.5 million, and $9.1 million, respectively.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may be involved in legal and administrative proceedings and claims of various types. The Company records a liability in its consolidated financial statements for these matters when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Management reviews these estimates in each accounting period as additional information becomes known and adjusts the loss provision when appropriate. If the loss is not probable or cannot be reasonably estimated, a liability is not recorded in the consolidated financial statements. If a loss is probable but the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the loss contingency and an estimate of possible loss or range of loss (unless such an estimate cannot be made). The Company does not recognize gain contingencies until they are realized. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Adopted
In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”), which amends the guidance in ASC 805 to require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with revenue recognition guidance under ASC 606. As a result of the amendments, it
is expected that an acquirer will generally recognize and measure acquired contract assets and contract liabilities in a manner consistent with how the acquiree recognized and measured them in its preacquisition financial statements. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2022. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires significant segment expenses and other segment related items to be disclosed on an interim and annual basis. The new disclosure requirements are also applicable to companies with a single reportable segment. This guidance is effective on a retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosure of specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation and additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold and further disaggregation of income taxes paid for individually significant jurisdictions. This guidance is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 - REVENUE
Revenue Recognition
General
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services, which may include various combinations of goods and services which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of sales taxes collected from customers which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the individual performance obligations are separately accounted for if they are distinct. In an arrangement with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated among the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The determination of stand-alone selling price considers market conditions, the size and scope of the contract, customer and geographic information, and other factors. When observable prices are not available, stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations is generally based on the cost-plus-margin approach, considering overall pricing objectives.
When variable consideration is in the form of a sales-based or usage-based royalty in exchange for a license of technology or when a license of technology is the predominant item to which the variable consideration relates, revenue is recognized at the later of when the subsequent sale or usage occurs or the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based or usage-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied or partially satisfied.
Description of Revenue-Generating Activities
The Company derives the majority of its revenue from licensing its technologies and solutions to customers within the Pay-TV, Consumer Electronics, Connected Car and Media Platform product categories. Refer to Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K for detailed information regarding these product categories.
Pay-TV
Customers within the Pay-TV category are primarily multi-channel video service providers, consumer electronics (“CE”) manufacturers, and end consumers. Revenue in this category is primarily derived from licensing the Company’s Pay-TV solutions, including Electronic Program Guides, TiVo video-over-broadband (“IPTV”) Solutions, Personalized Content Discovery and enriched Metadata.
For these solutions, the Company provides on-going media or data delivery, either via on-premise licensed software, hosting or access to its platform. The Company generally receives fees on a per-subscriber per-month basis or as a monthly fee, and revenue is recognized during the month in which the solutions are provided to the customer. For most of the on-premise licensed software arrangements, substantially all functionality is obtained through the Company’s frequent updating of the technology, data and content. In these instances, the Company typically has a single performance obligation related to these ongoing activities in the underlying arrangement, and revenue is generally recognized over the period the solution is provided. Hosted solutions and access to our platform is considered a single performance obligation recognized over the period the solution is provided.
Consumer Electronics
The Company licenses its audio technologies to CE manufacturers or their supply chain partners.
The Company generally recognizes royalty revenue from licenses based on units shipped or manufactured. Revenue is recognized in the period in which the customer’s sales or production are estimated to have occurred. This may result in an adjustment to revenue when actual sales or production are subsequently reported by the customer, generally in the month or quarter following sales or production. Estimating customers’ quarterly royalties prior to receiving the royalty reports requires the Company to make significant assumptions and judgments related to forecasted trends and growth rates used to estimate quantities shipped or manufactured by customers, which could have a material impact on the amount of revenue it reports on a quarterly basis.
Certain customers enter into fixed fee or minimum guarantee agreements, whereby customers pay a fixed fee for the right to incorporate the Company’s technology in the customer’s products over the license term. In arrangements with a minimum guarantee, the fixed fee component corresponds to a minimum number of units or dollars that the customer must produce or pay, with additional per-unit fees for any units or dollars exceeding the minimum. The Company generally recognizes the full fixed fee as revenue at the beginning of the license term when the customer has the right to use the technology and begins to benefit from the license, net of the effect of any significant financing components calculated using customer-specific, risk-adjusted lending rates, with the related interest income being recognized over time on an effective rate basis. For minimum guarantee agreements where the customer exceeds the minimum, the Company recognizes revenue relating to any additional per-unit fees in the periods it estimates the customer will exceed the minimum and adjusts the revenue based on actual usage once that is reported by the customer.
Connected Car
The Company licenses its digital radio solutions, automotive infotainment and related offerings, and driver and occupant monitoring systems to automotive manufacturers or their supply chain partners.
The Company generally recognizes royalty revenue from these licenses based on units shipped or manufactured, similar to the revenue recognition described above in “Consumer Electronics”. Certain customers may enter into fixed fee or minimum guarantee agreements, also similar to the revenue recognition described above in “Consumer Electronics”. Automotive infotainment and related revenue is generally recognized over time as the customer obtains access to the solutions and underlying data.
Media Platform
The Company generates revenue from advertising, TV viewership data, and licensing of the Vewd app framework and core middleware solutions.
Advertising revenue is generally recognized when the related advertisement is provided. TV viewership data revenue is generally recognized over time as the customer obtains the underlying data. License revenue for the Vewd solutions is generally recognized either on a per-unit royalty or a minimum guarantee or fixed fee basis, similar to as described in the “Consumer Electronics” section above.
Hardware Products, Services and Settlements/Recoveries
The Company sells hardware products, primarily to end consumers, within the Pay-TV, Media Platform and Consumer Electronics product categories. Hardware product revenue is generally recognized when the promised product is delivered.
The Company also generates non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) revenue within all of its product categories. The Company recognizes NRE revenue as progress toward completion is made, generally using an input method based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs of the project.
Revenue from each of advertising, NRE services, and hardware products was less than 10% of total revenue for all periods presented.
The Company actively monitors and enforces its technology licenses, including seeking appropriate compensation from customers that have under-reported royalties owed under a license agreement and from third parties that utilize the Company’s technologies without a license. As a result of these activities, the Company may, from time to time, recognize revenue from periodic compliance audits of licensees for underreporting royalties incurred in prior periods, or from legal judgments in a license dispute. These settlements and recoveries may cause revenue to be higher than expected during a particular reporting period and such settlements and recoveries may not occur in subsequent periods. The Company recognizes revenue from settlements and recoveries when a binding agreement has been executed or a revised royalty report has been received and the Company concludes collection is probable.
Practical Expedients and Exemptions
The Company applies a practical expedient to not perform an evaluation of whether a contract includes a significant financing component when the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of cash collection by one year or less.
The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract with a customer as incurred as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Contract costs capitalized and amortized have not been material to the consolidated financial statements.
The Company applies a practical expedient when disclosing revenue expected to be recognized from unsatisfied performance obligations to exclude contracts with customers with an original duration of one year or less; amounts attributable to variable consideration arising from (i) a sales-based or usage-based royalty of a technology license or (ii) when variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation; or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The Company’s revenue that is recognized over time consists primarily of per unit royalties, per-subscriber per-month or monthly license fees, single performance obligations satisfied over time, and NRE services. Revenue that is recognized at a point in time consists primarily of fixed fee or minimum guarantee contracts, hardware products, advertising and settlements/recoveries.
The following table summarizes revenue by timing of recognition (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Recognized over time
$
410,865
$
401,668
$
412,334
Recognized at a point in time
110,469
100,592
74,149
Total revenue
$
521,334
$
502,260
$
486,483
The following table summarizes revenue by product category (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Pay-TV
$
244,708
$
249,457
$
262,929
Consumer Electronics
132,355
128,395
99,529
Connected Car
94,864
84,201
88,306
Media Platform
49,407
40,207
35,719
Total revenue
$
521,334
$
502,260
$
486,483
A significant portion of the Company’s revenue is derived from licensees headquartered outside of the United States, principally in Asia, Europe and the Middle East, and it is expected that this revenue will continue to account for a significant
portion of total revenue in future periods. The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by geographic area (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
U.S.
$
267,998
%
$
278,920
%
$
249,537
%
Japan
83,138
65,551
70,956
Europe and Middle East
41,113
42,846
56,317
China
35,809
30,932
18,027
Latin America
31,863
27,212
22,894
Other
61,413
56,799
68,752
Total revenue
$
521,334
%
$
502,260
%
$
486,483
%
Contract Balances
Contract Assets
Contract assets primarily consist of unbilled contracts receivable that are expected to be received from customers in future periods, where the revenue recognized to date exceeds the amount billed. The amount of unbilled contracts receivable may not exceed their net realizable value and are classified as noncurrent if the payments are expected to be received more than one year from the reporting date.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total of current and noncurrent balances of unbilled contracts receivable, net were $82.3 million and $69.5 million, respectively.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities are mainly comprised of deferred revenue, which arises when cash payments are received, including amounts which are refundable, in advance of performance obligations being completed. Deferred revenue generally consists of prepaid licenses or other fees, amounts received related to NRE services to be performed in the future, and other offerings for which the Company is paid in advance while the promised good or service is transferred to the customer at a future date or over time. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total of current and noncurrent balances of deferred revenue were $47.5 million and $44.5 million, respectively.
The following table presents additional revenue disclosures (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
Revenue recognized in the period from:
Amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period (1)
$
20,620
$
24,307
$
23,863
Performance obligations satisfied in previous periods (true
ups, recoveries, and settlements) (2)(3)
$
11,863
$
30,561
$
8,772
(1)The Company has identified an error in the disclosure of the amount of revenue recognized from the beginning balance of deferred revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 in this Form 10-K filing. The amount for the year ended December 31, 2022 was revised to correct an immaterial error, which resulted in the disclosure of the amount recognized increasing by $4.6 million from the amount previously disclosed. There was no impact on any amounts recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for any period presented.
(2)True ups represent the differences between the Company’s quarterly estimates of per-unit royalty revenue and actual production/sales-based royalties reported by licensees in the following period. Recoveries represent corrections or revisions to previously reported per-unit royalties by licensees, generally resulting from the Company’s inquiries or compliance audits. Settlements represent resolutions of litigation or disputes during the period for past royalties owed.
(3)For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded revenue from both the settlement of a contract dispute with a large mobile imaging customer, and the execution of a long-term license agreement with the same large mobile imaging customer. The long-term license agreement was effective as of the expiration of the prior agreement, and the Company expected to record revenue from the license agreement in future periods.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining revenue under contracts with performance obligations represents the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, under certain of the Company’s fixed fee arrangements and engineering services contracts. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s estimated remaining revenue under contracts with performance obligations was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31:
Amounts
$
46,763
19,127
6,375
2,292
1,031
Thereafter
1,203
Total
$
76,791
Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Accounts Receivable
Unbilled Contracts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
Unbilled Contracts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
Unbilled Contracts Receivable
Beginning balance
$
1,950
$
$
2,255
$
$
6,454
$
1,414
Provision for credit losses
(99
)
Recoveries/charge-off
(541
)
(231
)
(1,104
)
-
(4,913
)
(984
)
Balance at end of period
$
1,906
$
$
1,950
$
$
2,255
$
NOTE 4 - COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL STATEMENT CAPTIONS
Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
Prepaid income tax
$
4,813
$
1,777
Prepaid expenses
19,913
20,001
Finished goods inventory
7,279
6,662
Other
6,869
13,734
Total
$
38,874
$
42,174
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
Equipment, furniture and other
$
78,357
$
78,976
Building and improvements
17,876
18,331
Land
5,300
5,300
Leasehold improvements
11,758
17,038
Total property and equipment
113,291
119,645
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(71,722
)
(71,818
)
Property and equipment, net
$
41,569
$
47,827
Due to the global downsizing of its real estate footprint, the Company vacated a number of its leased office facilities, resulting in the impairment of the leasehold improvements completed at those facilities. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and
2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million and $2.9 million on leasehold improvements, respectively. See Note 10-Leases for more detail.
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
Employee compensation and benefits
$
44,095
$
53,546
Accrued expenses
24,307
23,899
Current portion of operating lease liabilities
14,760
17,195
Third-party royalties
8,478
7,620
Accrued other taxes
6,464
1,285
Accrued income taxes
1,991
4,926
Other
9,866
1,543
Total
$
109,961
$
110,014
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) consisted of the following (in thousands):
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
Total
Balance at December 31, 2020
$
1,311
$
-
$
1,311
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification
(1,987
)
-
(1,987
)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
(676
)
$
-
$
(676
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification
(3,349
)
(94
)
(3,443
)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
(4,025
)
$
(94
)
$
(4,119
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification
1,190
1,316
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss
-
(62
)
(62
)
Net current period other comprehensive income
1,128
1,254
Balance at December 31, 2023
$
(3,899
)
$
1,034
$
(2,865
)
NOTE 5 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Non-marketable Equity Securities
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, other noncurrent assets included equity securities accounted for under the equity method with a carrying amount of $4.9 million and $4.4 million, respectively. No impairments to the carrying amount of the Company’s non-marketable equity securities were recognized in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Derivatives Instruments
In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company initiated a foreign exchange hedging strategy to hedge local currency expenses and reduce variability associated with anticipated cash flows. The Company’s derivative financial instruments consist of foreign currency forward contracts. The maturities of these instruments are generally less than twelve months. Fair values for derivative financial instruments are based on prices computed using third-party valuation models. All the significant inputs to the third-party valuation models are observable in active markets. Inputs include current market-based parameters such as forward rates, yield curves and credit default swap pricing. For additional information related to the three-level hierarchy of fair value measurements, see Note 6-Fair Value.
The notional and fair values of all derivative instruments were as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
Derivative instruments in cash flow hedges (foreign exchange contracts):
Assets
Other current assets
$
1,184
$
-
Liabilities
Accrued liabilities
-
Total fair value
$
1,184
$
Notional value held to buy U.S. dollars in exchange for other currencies
$
$
-
Notional value held to sell U.S. dollars in exchange for other currencies
$
45,468
$
52,197
Undesignated derivative instruments (foreign exchange contracts):
Liabilities
Accrued liabilities
$
-
$
Total fair value
$
-
$
Notional value held to sell U.S. dollars in exchange for other currencies
$
-
$
7,402
All of the Company’s derivative financial instruments are eligible for netting arrangements that allow the Company and its counterparty to net settle amounts owed to each other. Derivative assets and liabilities that can be net settled under these arrangements have been presented in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets on a net basis.
The gross amounts of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts and the net amounts recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
Gross amount of recognized assets
$
1,300
$
-
Gross amount of recognized liabilities
(116
)
(135
)
Net assets (liabilities)
$
1,184
$
(135
)
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company designates certain foreign currency forward contracts as hedging instruments pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivatives are reported as a component of AOCL in stockholders’ equity and reclassified into earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period upon which the hedged transactions are settled. For information on the unrealized gain or loss on the derivatives included in and reclassified out of the AOCL into Consolidated Statements of Operations, refer to Note 4-Composition of Certain Financial Statement Captions.
The following table summarizes the gains recognized upon settlement of the hedged transactions in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Research and development
$
$
-
Selling, general and administrative
-
Total
$
1,033
$
-
Undesignated Derivatives
For derivatives that are not designated as hedge instruments, they are measured and reported at fair value as a derivative asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with their corresponding change in the fair value recognized as gains or losses in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These instruments were all re-designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges in July 2023.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, gains recognized on the undesignated derivatives were $0.4 million; and for the year ended December 31, 2022, losses recognized were not significant.
The Company did not enter into any derivative contracts in 2021.
NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE
The Company follows the authoritative guidance for fair value measurement and the fair value option for financial assets and financial liabilities. The Company carries its financial instruments at fair value with the exception of its long-term debt. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or an exit price, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2 Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
When applying fair value principles in the valuation of assets, the Company is required to maximize the use of quoted market prices and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company calculates the fair value of its Level 1 and Level 2 instruments based on the exchange traded price of similar or identical instruments, where available, or based on other observable inputs.
The Company’s derivative financial instruments, consisting of foreign currency forward contracts, are reported at fair value based on prices computed using third-party valuation models and classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy (as described in Note 5-Financial Instruments).
Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value
The Company’s long-term debt is carried at historical cost and is measured at fair value on a quarterly basis for disclosure purposes. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values are as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
Carrying
Amount
Estimated Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Estimated Fair
Value
Senior Unsecured Promissory Note
$
50,000
$
49,659
$
50,000
$
48,478
If reported at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the Company’s debt would be classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the debt was estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues.
For more details related to the senior unsecured promissory note, see Note 9-Debt.
NOTE 7 - ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURE
Vewd Software Holdings Limited
On July 1, 2022, the Company acquired all common stock of Vewd Software Holdings Limited (“Vewd,” and the “Vewd Acquisition”). Vewd is a leading global provider of OTT and hybrid TV solutions. The Vewd Acquisition establishes the Company as a leading independent streaming media platform through its TiVo brand and one of the largest independent providers of Smart TV middleware globally. The total consideration was approximately $102.9 million, consisting of approximately $52.9 million of cash and $50.0 million of debt. See Note 9-Debt for additional information on this debt.
Purchase Price Allocation
The Vewd Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, using the acquisition method. The following table presents the allocation of the purchase price to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair values at the acquisition date (fair value amounts in thousands):
Estimated
Useful
Life (years)
Estimated
Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,684
Accounts receivable
3,341
Unbilled contracts receivable
2,335
Other current assets
1,208
Property and equipment
Operating lease right-of-use assets
2,020
Identifiable intangible assets:
Technology
28,050
Customer relationships - large
4,900
Customer relationships - small
3,500
Non-compete agreements
Trade name
Total identifiable intangible assets
38,150
Goodwill
68,115
Other long-term assets
Accounts payable
(869
)
Accrued liabilities
(4,777
)
Deferred revenue
(920
)
Long-term deferred tax liabilities
(8,393
)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
(1,094
)
Other long-term liabilities
(307
)
Total purchase price
$
102,913
Identifiable Intangible Assets
Identifiable intangible assets primarily consist of technology, customer relationships, non-compete agreements and trade name. In determining the fair value, the Company utilized various forms of the income and cost approaches depending on the asset being valued. The estimation of fair value required significant judgment related to cash flow forecasts, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in each cash flow stream, competitive trends, market comparables and other factors. Inputs were generally determined using historical data supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, and growth rates. The technology was valued using the excess earnings method. Significant assumptions used under this method include forecasted revenue and growth, estimated technology obsolescence, contributory asset charges, and the discount rate. The customer relationships were valued using the cost approach, based on estimated customer acquisition costs.
Goodwill
The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recognized as goodwill. The goodwill is generated from operational synergies and cost savings the Company expects to achieve from the consolidated operations, as well as the expected benefits from future technologies that do not meet the definition of an identifiable intangible asset and Vewd’s knowledgeable and experienced workforce.
Transaction and Other Costs
In connection with the Vewd Acquisition, the Company incurred significant one-time expenses such as transaction-related costs, including transaction bonuses, legal expenses and consultant fees, and severance and retention costs. For the year ended December 31, 2022, transaction-related costs and severance and retention costs were $7.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively.
Supplemental Pro Forma Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information assumes the Vewd Acquisition was completed as of January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented below is for informational purposes only and is based on estimates and assumptions that have been made solely for purposes of developing such pro forma information. This is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the Vewd Acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2021, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results. Consequently, actual results could differ materially from the unaudited pro forma financial information presented below. The following table presents the pro forma operating results as if the acquired operations of Vewd had been included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations as of January 1, 2021 (unaudited, in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Revenue
$
508,636
$
498,992
Net loss attributable to the Company
$
(769,483
)
$
(209,690
)
The unaudited supplemental pro forma information above includes the following pro forma adjustments: adjustments for transaction-related costs and severance and retention costs, adjustments for amortization of intangible assets, adjustments for interest and related expenses associated with Vewd’s historical debt, elimination of inter-company transactions between Vewd and the Company, and adjustments for the related income tax impact. The unaudited supplemental pro forma information above does not include any cost saving synergies from operating efficiencies.
Divestiture and Assets Held for Sale
In December 2023, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with Tobii AB (the “Purchaser”), an eye tracking and attention computing company, pursuant to which it agreed to sell to the Purchaser its AutoSense in-cabin safety business and related imaging solutions subject to certain customary closing conditions (the “Divestiture”). The Divestiture represents a 100% equity sale transaction, in which the Purchaser is obligated to issue a senior secured promissory note in the principal amount of approximately $27.7 million carrying a fixed interest rate of 8%, and will make an aggregate of $15.0 million in future cash payments. In addition, there is potential incremental cash consideration which is contingent upon the future success of the divested AutoSense in-cabin safety business. Within 15 days of closing the Divestiture, the Purchaser is required to pay to the Company the acquired closing cash balance, less certain adjustments. The Divestiture is expected to further streamline the Company’s business and focus its investments on entertainment markets.
The divestiture did not represent a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and therefore its results of operations were not reported as discontinued operations.
The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale in connection with the Divestiture on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
December 31, 2023
Current
Noncurrent
Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
12,349
$
-
$
12,349
Accounts receivable, net
1,323
-
1,323
Unbilled contracts receivable, net
1,209
5,320
6,529
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
-
Property and equipment, net
-
2,391
2,391
Operating lease right-of-use assets
-
3,346
3,346
Other noncurrent assets
-
1,192
1,192
Total assets held for sale (1)
$
15,860
$
12,249
$
28,109
Liabilities:
Accounts payable
$
$
-
$
Accrued liabilities
4,821
-
4,821
Deferred revenue
1,126
-
1,126
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent
-
2,741
2,741
Other noncurrent liabilities
-
7,064
7,064
Total liabilities held for sale
$
6,191
$
9,805
$
15,996
Net assets held for sale
$
9,669
$
2,444
$
12,113
(1)Total assets held for sale also included certain fully amortized finite-lived intangible assets with an original cost of $35.2 million.
Due to the estimated fair value less cost to sell exceeding the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities presented above, the Company did not recognize an impairment loss related to the assets held for sale in the year ended December 31, 2023.
NOTE 8 - GOODWILL IMPAIRMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Goodwill Impairment
Goodwill was evaluated for potential impairment annually, as of the beginning of the fourth quarter, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicated the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating goodwill for potential impairment is subjective and requires significant estimates, assumptions and judgments particularly related to the identification of reporting units, the assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units and estimating the fair value of each reporting unit. The Company concluded it operated in one reporting unit for all periods presented.
During the third and fourth quarters of 2022, sufficient impairment indicators were identified by the Company that it was more-likely-than-not that goodwill was impaired, and a quantitative interim goodwill impairment test was performed in each of the reporting periods. These impairment indicators included a sustained decline in the Former Parent’s stock price during the third quarter of 2022 and a further significant decline in the trading price of Xperi’s common stock during the fourth quarter of 2022, along with continued decline in macroeconomic conditions. A fair value assessment was completed for the Product reporting unit using the market approach capitalization, and when compared to the carrying value of this reporting unit, goodwill was considered impaired. As a result, a goodwill impairment charge of $604.6 million was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022. As a result of this impairment charge, the Company’s goodwill balance was completely written off as of December 31, 2022.
Identified Intangible Assets
Identified intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, 2023
Average
Life
(Years)
Gross
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying Value
Finite-lived intangible assets
Acquired patents
3-10
$
17,281
$
(3,478
)
$
13,803
Existing technology / content database
5-10
219,717
(181,713
)
38,004
Customer contracts and related relationships
3-9
493,685
(365,074
)
128,611
Trademarks/trade name
4-10
39,313
(34,453
)
4,860
Non-compete agreements
1-2
3,101
(2,884
)
Total finite-lived intangible assets
773,097
(587,602
)
185,495
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
TiVo tradename/trademarks
N/A
21,400
-
21,400
Total intangible assets
$
794,497
$
(587,602
)
$
206,895
Total intangible assets excluded certain finite-lived intangible assets with a gross amount of $35.2 million, which were fully amortized and classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023 in connection with the Divestiture (as described in Note 7).
December 31, 2022
Average
Life
(Years)
Gross
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying Value
Finite-lived intangible assets
Acquired patents
3-10
$
22,189
$
(6,175
)
$
16,014
Existing technology / content database
5-10
240,894
(190,671
)
50,223
Customer contracts and related relationships
3-9
502,188
(335,981
)
166,207
Trademarks/trade name
4-10
39,613
(29,733
)
9,880
Non-compete agreements
1-2
3,101
(2,449
)
Total finite-lived intangible assets
807,985
(565,009
)
242,976
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
TiVo tradename/trademarks
N/A
21,400
-
21,400
Total intangible assets
$
829,385
$
(565,009
)
$
264,376
As of December 31, 2023, the estimated future amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31:
Amounts
$
43,363
34,816
31,486
30,643
30,305
Thereafter
14,882
Total amortization
$
185,495
NOTE 9 - DEBT
In connection with the Vewd Acquisition as disclosed in Note 7, on July 1, 2022, TiVo Product Holdco LLC, which was subsequently renamed Xperi Inc., issued a senior unsecured promissory note (the “Promissory Note”) to the sellers of Vewd in a principal amount of $50.0 million. Indebtedness outstanding under the Promissory Note bears an interest rate of 6.00% per annum, payable in cash on a quarterly basis. If a certain qualified spin-off transaction occurs, the interest rate will be increased to the greater of (a) 6.00% and (b) the sum of (i) the highest interest rate payable under any credit facility or bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments where the issuer or any guarantor borrows money or guarantees obligations on a secured basis on or after the date of such spin-off transaction, plus (ii) 2.00%. It was determined that the Spin-Off completed on October 1, 2022 did not trigger any change in the interest rate of the debt. The Promissory Note matures on July 1, 2025. The issuer may, at any
time and on any one or more occasions, prepay all or any portion of the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, under the Promissory Note without premium or penalty. In addition, the Promissory Note has mandatory prepayment provisions upon certain change of control or asset sale events.
The Promissory Note includes certain covenants that restrict the issuer and each guarantor’s ability to, among other things, incur certain indebtedness or engage in any material line of business substantially different from those lines of business conducted by such entities on the closing date of the acquisition. The Promissory Note does not contain any financial covenants.
As of December 31, 2023, $50.0 million in principal balance was outstanding. Interest expense on the Promissory Note was $3.0 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
NOTE 10 - LEASES
The Company leases office and research facilities, data centers and office equipment under operating leases with various expiration dates through 2030. Certain leases offer the option to renew for up to ten years and to terminate before the expiration date.
The Company subleases certain real estate to third parties. The sublease portfolio consists of operating leases for previously exited office space. Certain subleases include variable payments for operating costs. The subleases are generally co-terminus with the head lease, or shorter. Subleases do not include any residual value guarantees or restrictions or covenants imposed by the leases. Income from subleases is recognized as a reduction to selling, general and administrative expenses.
The Company began the effort of optimizing its global real estate footprint and decided to vacate and sublease certain offices following the Spin-Off in October 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of $1.3 million and $4.8 million to reduce the carrying amount of certain operating lease ROU assets, respectively, along with writing off the related leasehold improvements of $0.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The Company determined that it may not be able to fully recover the carrying amount of the leased offices due to a change in the manner in which the offices are being used, a significant decrease in the expected market price of the leased asset, and expected delays in subleasing the space based on the current real estate leasing market. The Company estimated the fair value using a discounted cash flows approach with assumptions such as expectations of cash flows from projected sublease income, occupancy estimates, and its outlook for the local real estate market.
The components of operating lease costs were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Fixed lease cost (1)
$
20,306
$
20,581
$
20,619
Variable lease cost
5,130
5,365
5,030
Less: sublease income
(9,896
)
(9,498
)
(9,724
)
Total operating lease cost
$
15,540
$
16,448
$
15,925
(1)Includes short-term leases expensed on a straight-line basis.
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information arising from lease transactions (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Cash payments included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
$
19,968
$
20,307
$
20,826
Operating ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
$
11,563
$
14,360
$
6,131
The weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities are as follows:
December 31,
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
3.37
3.69
Weighted-average discount rate
5.3
%
5.1
%
Future minimum lease payments and related lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
Operating Lease Payments (1)
Sublease Income
Net Operating Lease Payments
$
16,805
$
(5,843
)
$
10,962
16,177
(6,108
)
10,069
9,812
(1,412
)
8,400
3,964
(368
)
3,596
1,996
(379
)
1,617
Thereafter
1,101
(291
)
Total lease payments
49,855
$
(14,401
)
$
35,454
Less: imputed interest
(4,497
)
Present value of operating lease liabilities:
$
45,358
Less: operating lease liabilities, current portion
(14,760
)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities
$
30,598
(1)Future minimum lease payments exclude short-term leases as well as payments to landlords for variable common area maintenance, insurance and real estate taxes.
NOTE 11 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Unconditional Purchase Obligations
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual agreements with third parties that include non-cancelable payment obligations, for which it is liable in future periods. These arrangements primarily include unconditional purchase obligations to service providers. Total future unconditional purchase obligations as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31:
Amounts
$
44,156
30,185
28,310
8,701
8,324
Thereafter
23,552
Total
$
143,228
Inventory Purchase Commitment
The Company uses contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for its products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate supply, the Company enters into agreements with its contract manufacturers that either allow them to procure inventory based on criteria as defined by the Company or that establish the parameters defining the Company’s requirements. A significant portion of the Company’s purchase commitments arising from these agreements consist of firm, non-cancelable and unconditional purchase commitments. In certain instances, these agreements allow the Company the option to cancel, reschedule or adjust the Company’s requirements based on its business needs prior to firm orders being placed. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had total inventory purchase commitments of $0.4 million.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company provides indemnifications of varying scopes and amounts to certain of its licensees, customers, and business partners against claims made by third parties arising from the use of the Company's products, intellectual property, services, or technologies. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the possible range of losses that may be incurred pursuant to its indemnification obligations, if any. Variables affecting any such assessment include, but are not limited to: the scope of the contractual indemnification obligation; the nature of the third party claim asserted; the relative merits of the third party claim; the financial ability of the third party claimant to engage in protracted litigation; the number of parties seeking indemnification; the nature and amount of damages claimed by the party suing the indemnified party;
and the willingness of such party to engage in settlement negotiations. The Company has received requests for indemnification, but to date none has been material, and no liability has been recorded in the Company’s financial statements.
As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has agreements whereby it indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company believes, given the absence of any such payments in the Company’s history, and the estimated low probability of such payments in the future, that the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is immaterial. In addition, the Company has directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage that is intended to reduce its financial exposure and may enable the Company to recover any payments under the indemnification agreements, should they occur.
Contingencies
The Company and its subsidiaries have been involved in litigation matters and claims in the normal course of business. In the past, the Company or its subsidiaries have litigated to enforce their respective patents and other intellectual property rights, to enforce the terms of license agreements, to determine infringement or validity of intellectual property rights, and to defend themselves or their customers against claims of infringement or breach of contract. The Company expects it or its subsidiaries will be involved in similar legal proceedings in the future, including proceedings to ensure proper and full payment of royalties by licensees under the terms of their license agreements.
An adverse decision in any legal actions could result in a loss of the Company’s proprietary rights, subject the Company to significant liabilities, require the Company to seek licenses from others, limit the value of the Company’s licensed technology or otherwise negatively impact the Company’s stock price or its business and consolidated financial results.
NOTE 12 - NET LOSS PER SHARE
On October 1, 2022, 42,023,632 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, were distributed to the Former Parent’s stockholders of record as of September 21, 2022. This share amount is utilized for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for all periods presented prior to the Separation and such shares are treated as issued and outstanding for purposes of calculating historical net loss per share. For periods prior to the Separation, it is assumed that there are no dilutive equity instruments as there were no Xperi stock-based awards outstanding prior to the Separation.
For periods subsequent to the Separation, actual outstanding shares are used to calculate both basic and diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Potentially dilutive common shares, such as common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards and units are typically reflected in the computation of diluted net income per share by application of the treasury stock method. Due to the net losses reported, these potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share, since their effect would be anti-dilutive.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted shares (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 31,
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to the Company - basic and diluted
$
(136,613
)
$
(757,484
)
$
(175,622
)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to the Company - basic and diluted
43,012
42,029
42,024
Net loss per share attributable to the Company - basic and diluted
$
(3.18
)
$
(18.02
)
$
(4.18
)
The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Stock options
Restricted stock units
7,067
4,604
ESPP
-
Total
7,254
4,750
Potentially dilutive shares for the year ended December 31, 2021 were not considered as there were no Xperi stock-based awards outstanding prior to the Separation.
NOTE 13 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Prior to the Separation, certain of the Company’s employees participated in equity-based compensation plans sponsored by the Former Parent. The Former Parent’s equity-based compensation plans included incentive compensation plans and an ESPP. All grants made through September 30, 2022 were issued under those plans which are described fully in the Form 10 filed with the SEC on September 14, 2022.
On October 1, 2022, in connection with the Separation, all outstanding Former Parent equity awards were equitably adjusted to reflect the impact of the Separation. The adjustments to each type of award outstanding pursuant to the Former Parent equity incentive plans as of immediately prior to the Separation was determined in accordance with the terms of the Employee Matters Agreement by and between Adeia Inc. and Xperi Inc., dated as of October 1, 2022 (the “EMA”). In connection with this adjustment, each outstanding Former Parent equity award as of the Separation Date was converted into either (a) both Adeia and Xperi equity awards, with certain adjustments to the underlying shares and terms of outstanding awards to preserve the aggregate intrinsic value of each award immediately after the Separation when compared to the aggregate intrinsic value immediately prior to the Separation, or (b) an equity award of only Adeia common stock or only Xperi common stock, with an adjustment to the number of shares to preserve the value of the award. Following the Separation, the Adeia awards and Xperi awards related to prior grants made by the Former Parent are subject to substantially the same terms and vesting conditions that applied to the original Former Parent awards immediately prior to the Separation.
The conversion of the Former Parent equity awards was accounted for as a modification, resulting in $8.4 million of incremental stock-based compensation expense to be recognized over the remaining vesting term of the modified awards.
Equity Incentive Plans
In connection with the Separation and on October 1, 2022, the Company adopted the Xperi Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 EIP”).
Under the 2022 EIP, the Company may grant equity-based awards to employees, non-employee directors, and consultants for services rendered to the Company (or any parent or subsidiary) in the form of stock options, stock awards, restricted stock awards, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and performance awards, or any combination thereof.
The 2022 EIP provides for option grants designated as either incentive stock options or non-statutory options. Stock options have been granted with an exercise price not less than the value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and have 10-year contractual terms from the date of grant and vest over a four-year period. The vesting criteria for restricted stock units has historically been the passage of time or meeting certain performance-based objectives, and continued employment through the vesting period over three or four years for time-based awards or three years for performance-based awards.
As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 4.2 million shares reserved for future grant under the 2022 EIP.
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
In connection with the Separation and on October 1, 2022, the Company adopted the Xperi Inc. 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The plan provided consecutive overlapping 24-month offering periods, with four purchase periods that were generally six months in length, commencing on each December 1 and June 1 during the term of the plan. The plan was subsequently amended (as amended, the “2022 ESPP”), and commencing December 1, 2023, the length of the offering periods was reduced
from 24 months to 12 months and the employee’s maximum participant contribution was reduced from 100% to 15% of their after tax base earnings and commissions up to the limit imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). The accumulated deductions will be applied to the purchase of shares on each semi-annual purchase date. The purchase price per share will equal 85% of the fair market value per share on the start date of the offering period or, if lower, 85% of the fair market value per share on the semi-annual purchase date. An eligible employee’s right to purchase the Company’s common stock under the 2022 ESPP may not accrue at a rate in excess of $25,000 limit imposed by the IRS on the fair market value of such shares per calendar year.
If the fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock on any purchase date during an offering period is less than the fair market value per share on the start date of the 12-month offering period, then that offering period will automatically terminate and a new 12-month offering period will begin on the next business day. All participants in the terminated offering will be transferred to the new offering.
The change in the term of the offering period (as described above) was accounted for as a modification, where the original options to purchase shares were cancelled and concurrently replaced with new options from the 12-month offering period. There was no incremental compensation expense resulting from the modification. As of December 1, 2023, total compensation expense of $5.9 million was expected to be recognized by the Company, on a straight-line basis, over an accelerated term of 12 months.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 1.3 million shares under the 2022 ESPP at a weighted-average purchase price of $8.92, net of shares withheld to satisfy withholding tax requirements for certain employees, for an aggregate net proceeds of $11.9 million.
As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 3.7 million shares reserved for future grant under the 2022 ESPP.
The following table summarizes the valuation assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the 2022 ESPP for the offering periods in effect using the Black-Scholes option pricing model:
Year Ended December 31,
Expected life (years)
0.5 - 2.0
2.0
Risk-free interest rate
4.33% - 5.44%
4.3
%
Dividend yield
0.0
%
0.0
%
Expected volatility
44.11% - 51.19%
42.9
%
Prior to the Separation, the valuation assumptions were determined by the Former Parent. The following assumptions were used to value the Former Parent’s ESPP shares granted to employees specifically identifiable to Xperi in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended December 31,
Expected life (years)
2.0
2.0
Risk-free interest rate
1.3
%
0.1% - 0.2%
Dividend yield
1.1
%
0.9% - 1.2%
Expected volatility
48.5
%
52.0
%
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of ESPP shares. The determinations of these assumptions are outlined below:
Expected life-The expected life assumption is based on analysis of the Company’s historical employee exercise patterns. The expected life of options granted under the ESPP represents the offering period of two years. Effective December 1, 2023, the expected life of options granted under the ESPP was changed to one year.
Volatility-Due to limited historical trading data, volatility is calculated based on a peer group over the most recent period that represents the remaining term of the vesting period as of the valuation date. For ESPP with the expected life of one year, volatility is calculated based on the Company’s stock price.
Risk-free interest rate-The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury rate for issues, commensurate with the expected life of the options granted.
Dividend yield-Following the Separation in October 2022, the Company does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Prior to the Separation, the Former Parent determined the expected dividend yield based on cash dividends declared by the board of directors for the previous four quarters and dividing that result by the average closing price of the Former Parent’s common stock for the quarter. Cash dividends were not paid on stock options, restricted stock units, or unvested restricted stock awards.
Stock Options
The following table provides the Company’s stock option activity from the Separation Date to December 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Number of
Shares Subject
to Stock Options
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
25.48
1.89
$
-
Options canceled / forfeited / expired
(40
)
$
21.76
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1)
$
26.87
1.69
$
-
(1) The ending balance at December 31, 2023 represents stock options that were fully vested and exercisable.
Restricted Stock Units
Information with respect to outstanding RSUs (including both time-based vesting and performance-based vesting) as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Number of Shares
Subject to Time-
based Vesting
Number of Shares
Subject to
Performance-
based Vesting
Total Number
of Shares
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Share
Balance at December 31, 2022
3,713
4,604
$
20.35
Granted
3,204
1,009
4,213
$
11.64
Vested / released
(1,231
)
(15
)
(1,246
)
$
18.44
Canceled / forfeited
(290
)
(214
)
(504
)
$
20.20
Balance at December 31, 2023
5,396
1,671
7,067
$
15.51
Performance-Based Awards
From time to time, the Company may grant PSUs to senior executives, certain employees, and consultants. The value and the vesting of such PSUs are generally linked to one or more performance goals or certain market conditions determined by the Company, in each case on a specified date or dates or over any period or periods determined by the Company, and may range from zero to 200% of the grant. For PSUs subject to market conditions, the fair value per award is fixed at the grant date and the amount of compensation expense is not adjusted during the performance period regardless of changes in the level of achievement of the market condition.
In April 2023, in accordance with the EMA executed by the Company and the Former Parent in connection with the Separation, the Company modified certain vesting conditions related to market-based PSUs granted in 2022, resulting in a total incremental compensation expense of $2.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service period through April 2025.
The Company uses the closing trading price of its common stock on the date of grant as the fair value of awards of RSUs and PSUs that are based on Company-designated performance targets. For PSUs that are based on market conditions, or market-based PSUs, fair value is estimated by using a Monte Carlo simulation on the date of grant.
The following assumptions were used to value the market-based PSUs granted during the period:
Year Ended December 31,
Expected life (years)
1.5 - 2.8
3.0
3.0
Risk-free interest rate
4.54% - 4.96%
2.8%
0.3%
Dividend yield
0.00%
1.2%
1.0%
Expected volatility
44.11% - 51.19%
40.9%
47.9%
Assumptions used in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were for market-based PSUs granted by the Former Parent.
Stock-Based Compensation
Prior to the Separation, the stock-based compensation expense was based on the expense for employees specifically identifiable to Xperi. Consequently, the amounts presented are not necessarily indicative of future awards and do not necessarily reflect the costs that the Company would have incurred as an independent company.
Total stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization of intangible assets
$
3,466
$
2,906
$
1,972
Research and development
25,276
21,561
17,914
Selling, general and administrative
40,789
20,836
13,623
Total stock-based compensation expense
$
69,531
$
45,303
$
33,509
Stock-based compensation expense categorized by award type for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is summarized in the table below (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Restricted stock awards and units
$
64,179
$
42,208
$
30,015
Stock options
-
ESPP
5,352
2,727
3,428
Total stock-based compensation expense
$
69,531
$
45,303
$
33,509
In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, $6.9 million and $9.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense was recognized in operating results as part of the corporate and shared functional employees’ expenses allocation.
As of December 31, 2023, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards is as follows (amounts in thousands):
December 31, 2023
Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation
Weighted-Average Period to Recognize Expense
(in years)
RSUs and PSUs
$
88,151
2.1
ESPP
5,532
0.9
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense
$
93,683
NOTE 14 - INCOME TAXES
The components of loss before taxes are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
U.S.
$
(142,447
)
$
(667,612
)
$
(123,201
)
Foreign
12,801
(80,005
)
(37,037
)
Loss before taxes
$
(129,646
)
$
(747,617
)
$
(160,238
)
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Current:
U.S. federal
$
1,398
$
-
$
-
Foreign
16,546
21,252
12,531
State and local
1,723
(604
)
Total current
18,638
22,975
11,927
Deferred:
U.S. federal
(5,431
)
1,215
Foreign
(8,113
)
(3,871
)
7,116
State and local
(502
)
(84
)
(1,418
)
Total deferred
(8,596
)
(9,386
)
6,913
Provision for income taxes
$
10,042
$
13,589
$
18,840
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts for income tax purposes.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company released $2.6 million of valuation allowance associated with certain foreign deferred tax assets due to the change in circumstances that affect the realizability of those deferred tax assets.
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses
$
22,442
$
19,477
Research credits
10,513
6,791
Foreign tax credits
5,796
2,119
Accrued expenses
25,729
27,987
Basis difference in fixed and intangible assets
38,899
16,290
Deferred revenue
10,652
9,556
Capitalized R&D
87,465
63,601
Lease liability
11,075
13,310
Other tax credits
2,318
1,673
Gross deferred tax assets
214,889
160,804
Valuation allowance
(157,595
)
(111,779
)
Net deferred tax assets
57,294
49,025
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquired intangible assets
(36,416
)
(45,424
)
Revenue recognition
(4,574
)
(2,292
)
Operating ROU assets
(9,758
)
(10,550
)
Other
(8,436
)
(1,562
)
Gross deferred tax liabilities
(59,184
)
(59,828
)
Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(1,890
)
$
(10,803
)
The need for a valuation allowance requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence when determining whether it is more-likely-than-not that deferred tax assets are recoverable. Such assessment is required on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. In making such assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. After considering both positive and negative evidence to assess the recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets, the Company determined that it was not more-likely-than-not that it would realize its federal, certain state and certain foreign deferred tax assets. The Company intends to continue maintaining a valuation allowance on its federal deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain federal deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. The exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release depends on the level of profitability that the Company is able to achieve.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had recorded deferred tax assets for the tax effects of the following gross tax loss carryforwards (in thousands):
Carry forward Amount
Years of Expiration
Federal
$
29,202
2027-indefinite
State (post-apportionment)
$
93,258
2024-2042
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had the following credits available to reduce future income tax expense (in thousands):
Carry forward Amount
Years of Expiration
Federal research and development credits
$
9,451
2024-2043
State research and development credits
$
17,356
2024-indefinite
Foreign tax credits
$
8,114
2026-2033
The deferred tax asset valuation allowance and changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Balance at beginning of period
$
111,779
$
101,529
$
52,676
Charged (credited) to expenses
46,397
19,321
59,249
Charged (credited) to other accounts
(581
)
(9,071
)
(10,396
)
Balance at end of period
$
157,595
$
111,779
$
101,529
Income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to loss before income taxes as a result of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
U.S. federal statutory rate
$
(27,226
)
$
(157,032
)
$
(33,650
)
State, net of federal benefit
1,974
(258
)
Stock-based compensation
6,758
2,036
(1,740
)
Executive compensation limitation
1,911
2,286
2,221
Research tax credit
(6,983
)
(5,225
)
(2,321
)
Foreign withholding tax
12,811
8,079
11,018
Goodwill impairment
-
107,831
-
Restructuring and transaction costs
-
Divestiture-related activity
(26,915
)
-
-
Foreign rate differential
(7,354
)
19,337
16,407
Foreign tax credit
(10,124
)
(977
)
(8,928
)
Change in valuation allowance
50,314
20,491
39,063
Foreign income inclusions
10,151
7,656
-
Unrecognized tax benefits
6,798
1,526
Change in estimates
3,844
(1,802
)
(4,674
)
Others
1,844
Total
$
10,042
$
13,589
$
18,840
At December 31, 2023, the Company asserts that it will not permanently reinvest its foreign earnings outside the United States. The Company anticipates that the cash from its foreign earnings may be used domestically to fund operations or used for other business needs. The accumulated undistributed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries was approximately $29.7 million. Substantially all of these earnings will not be taxable upon repatriation to the United States since they will be treated as previously taxed earnings and profits. The U.S. state income taxes and foreign withholding taxes related to the distributable cash of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are not expected to be material.
As of December 31, 2023, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $23.6 million, of which $9.6 million would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized. As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $19.4 million, of which $8.8 million would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized. As of December 31, 2021, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $8.4 million, of which $1.7 million would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized.
The Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of the timing of the long-term payments or the amount by which the unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease over the next 12 months.
The reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Total unrecognized tax benefits at January 1
$
19,354
$
8,438
$
7,106
Changes due to mergers and transactions
-
1,682
(1,440
)
Increases for tax positions related to the current year
4,070
8,793
1,962
Increases for tax positions related to prior years
1,303
Decreases for tax positions related to prior years
(798
)
(3
)
(493
)
Total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31
$
23,587
$
19,354
$
8,438
It is the Company’s policy to classify accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest and penalties of $0.3 million related to unrecognized tax benefits, whereas interest and penalties were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. As of December 31, 2023, accrued interest and penalties were $0.4 million, whereas amounts accrued as of December 31, 2022 were immaterial.
With few exceptions, the Company’s 2019 through 2023 tax years are open and subject to potential examination in one or more jurisdictions at December 31, 2023. In addition, in the United States, any net operating losses or credits that were generated in 2022 or earlier but not yet fully utilized in a year that is closed under the statute of limitations may also be subject to adjustment if the Former Parent were to be audited.
NOTE 15 - GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and operating lease ROU assets. The following table summarizes long-lived assets by geographic region (in thousands):
December 31,
U.S.
$
69,725
$
81,570
Europe
3,416
8,865
Asia and other
8,328
10,293
Total
$
81,469
$
100,728
See Note 3-Revenue for information on revenue by geographic region.
NOTE 16 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND NET INVESTMENT BY FORMER PARENT
For periods prior to the Separation, the Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on a standalone basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Former Parent. The following disclosure summarizes activity prior to the Separation between the Company and the Former Parent, including affiliates of the Former Parent that were not part of the Separation.
Allocation of Corporate Expenses
Prior to Separation, the Consolidated Financial Statements included expenses for certain management and support functions which were provided on a centralized basis within the Former Parent, as described in Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. These management and support functions include, but are not limited to, executive management, sales and marketing, finance, legal, information technology, employee benefits administration, stock-based compensation, treasury, risk management, procurement and other shared services. These allocations were made on a direct usage basis when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on a pro rata basis of billing, revenue, headcount or other measures of the Company and the Former Parent.
The amount of these allocations from the Former Parent was $47.6 million, which included $3.0 million for depreciation expenses and $44.6 million for selling, general and administrative for the year ended December 31, 2022; and $59.7 million, which included $4.6 million for depreciation expense, and $55.1 million for selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Management believes these cost allocations are a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit derived by, the Company during the periods presented. The allocations may not, however, be indicative of the actual expenses that would have been incurred had the Company operated as a standalone public company. Actual costs that may have been incurred if the Company had been a standalone public company would depend on a number of factors, such as the chosen organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by the Company’s employees, and strategic decisions made in areas such as selling, information technology and infrastructure.
Net Transfers from Former Parent
A reconciliation of Net transfers from the Former Parent on the Consolidated Statements of Equity to the corresponding amount on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Total net transfers from Former Parent per Consolidated Statements of Equity
$
100,915
$
116,830
Stock-based compensation
(45,303
)
(33,509
)
Net proceeds from capital contributions by Former Parent
83,235
-
Issuance of equity to noncontrolling interest
(1,423
)
Other
(1,387
)
-
Total net transfers from Former Parent per Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
$
136,037
$
83,330
NOTE 17 - BENEFIT PLAN
The Company maintains a 401(k) retirement savings plan that allows voluntary contributions by all eligible U.S. employees upon their hire date. Eligible employees may elect to contribute up to the maximum amount allowed under Internal Revenue Service regulations. The Company can make discretionary contributions under the 401(k) plan. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s employer 401(k) match expense was approximately $4.3 million, $5.4 million, and $3.6 million, respectively.
NOTE 18 - SUBSEQUENT EVENT
As previously discussed in Note 7, in December 2023, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with the Purchaser to divest its AutoSense in-cabin safety business and related imaging solutions. All of the assets and liabilities associated with the Divestiture were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023. The Divestiture was completed on January 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the accounting impact resulting from the Divestiture, which it expects to include in its financial results in the first quarter of 2024.
Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
None.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
2.1*
Separation and Distribution Agreement by and between Adeia Inc. and Xperi Inc., dated October 1, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 6, 2022).
2.2
Amendment One to Separation and Distribution Agreement by and between Adeia Inc. and Xperi Inc..
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Xperi Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 6, 2022).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Xperi Inc., adopted as of October 1, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 6, 2022).
4.1
Description of the Company’s capital stock registered under section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
10.1+
Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.2
Form of Senior Unsecured Promissory Note (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.3+
Form of Severance Agreement of Xperi Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.4+
Form of Change in Control Agreement of Xperi Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.5+
Employment and Severance Agreement, dated April 28, 2017, by and between the Registrant and Jon Kirchner (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.6+
Amendment to Employment and Severance Agreement between Xperi Corporation and Jon Kirchner dated April 28, 2017, effective as of September 29, 2020 (filed as Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.7+
Form of 2022 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement of Xperi Inc (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 6, 2023).
10.8+
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement of Xperi Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.9+
Form of 2022 Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement of Xperi Inc (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 6, 2023).
10.10+
Xperi Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 on August 26, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.11+
Xperi Inc. Amended and Restated 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on November 13, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference)
10.12
First Amendment to Transition Services Agreement by and between Adeia Inc. and Xperi Inc., dated October 10, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 6, 2023).
21.1
List of subsidiaries
23.1
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24.1
Power of Attorney (see signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
31.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1
Policy for Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Incentive Compensation.
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbases Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
+
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
*
The exhibits and schedules to this agreement have been omitted in reliance on Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, and a copy thereof will be furnished supplementally to the SEC upon its request. Readers are cautioned that the representations and warranties set forth in this agreement are qualified by those schedules, and should not be relied upon as accurate or complete without reference to those schedules