EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 815094
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 815094_10-K_2022_0000950170-22-010402.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Corporate Background
Our Company was founded in 1981 and is incorporated in Delaware. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “ABMD.”
Our principal executive offices are located at 22 Cherry Hill Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923. Our telephone number is (978) 646-1400. We make available, free of charge on our website located at www.abiomed.com, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such reports with or furnishing such reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. We also use our website for the distribution of Company information. The information we post on our website may be deemed to be material information. Accordingly, investors should monitor our website, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of our website are not incorporated by reference into this Report.
Our Company
We are a provider of medical devices that provide circulatory support and oxygenation. We develop, manufacture and market proprietary products that are designed to enable the heart to rest and recover by improving blood flow and/or performing the pumping function of the heart and provide sufficient oxygenation to those in respiratory failure. Our products are used in the cardiac catheterization lab, or cath lab, by interventional cardiologists and in the heart surgery suite by cardiac surgeons for patients who are in need of hemodynamic support prophylactically or emergently before, during or after angioplasty or heart surgery procedures. We believe that heart recovery is the optimal clinical outcome for a patient experiencing heart failure because it enhances the potential for the patient to go home with their own heart, facilitating the restoration of quality of life. In addition, we believe that, for the care of such patients, heart recovery is often the most cost-effective solution for the healthcare system.
Our strategic focus and the driver of our revenue growth is the market penetration of our family of Impella® heart pumps. Our Impella device portfolio, which includes the Impella 2.5®, Impella CP®, Impella 5.0®, Impella LD®, Impella 5.5® and Impella RP® devices, has supported thousands of patients worldwide. We expect that most of our product and service revenue in the near future will be from our Impella devices. Our Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella LD, Impella 5.5 and Impella RP devices have U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and CE Mark approvals which allow us to market these devices in the U.S. and European Union, respectively. We expect to continue to make additional pre-market approval, or PMA, supplement submissions for our Impella portfolio of devices for additional indications. Our Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0 and Impella 5.5 devices have regulatory approval from the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in Japan, or PMDA. In October 2020, we also received a 510(k) clearance for the Abiomed Breethe OXY-1 System (the “Breethe OXY-1 System”) from the FDA for an all-in-one, compact cardiopulmonary bypass system.
COVID-19 Pandemic
For a discussion of the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our business, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-COVID-19 Pandemic.”
Our Existing Products
Our strategic focus and the primary driver of our revenue growth is the market penetration of our family of Impella® heart pumps. The Impella device portfolio, which includes the Impella 2.5®, Impella CP®, Impella 5.0®, Impella LD®, Impella 5.5® and Impella RP® devices, has supported thousands of patients worldwide.
As we continue to innovate our product portfolio, we expect to continue to transition our sales focus to newer generations of Impella devices over time. In the catheterization lab, we expect to continue shifting sales focus from the Impella 2.5 device to the Impella CP device and in the surgical suite, from the Impella 5.0 device to the Impella 5.5 device. Accordingly, we expect that a greater concentration of our product revenues will be from Impella CP and Impella 5.5 devices in the future.
Below is a summary of our existing products and the countries where they have received regulatory approval. We expect to continue to make additional regulatory submissions for our products for additional indications and in additional countries.
Impella 2.5®
The Impella 2.5 device is a percutaneous heart pump with an integrated motor and sensors. The technology is designed primarily for use by interventional cardiologists to support patients in the cath lab who may require assistance to maintain circulation. The Impella 2.5 heart pump can be quickly inserted via the femoral artery to reach the left ventricle of the heart, where it is directly deployed to draw blood out of the ventricle and deliver it to the circulatory system. This function is intended to reduce ventricular work and provide blood flow to vital organs. The Impella 2.5 heart pump is introduced with normal interventional cardiology procedures and can pump up to 2.5 liters of blood per minute.
Our Impella 2.5 device has received FDA and PMDA approvals which allows us to market it in the U.S. and Japan, respectively. The technology is also approved for use in multiple other countries.
Impella CP®
The Impella CP device provides blood flow of up to 4.3 liters of blood per minute and is primarily used by either interventional cardiologists to support patients in the cath lab or by cardiac surgeons in the heart surgery suite.
Our Impella CP device has received FDA, CE Mark, PMDA approvals which allows us to market it in the U.S., European Union and Japan, respectively. The technology is also approved for use in multiple other countries.
Impella 5.0® and Impella LD®
The Impella 5.0 and Impella LD devices are percutaneous heart pumps with integrated motors and sensors for use primarily in the heart surgery suite. These devices are designed to support patients who require higher levels of circulatory support as compared to the Impella 2.5 and Impella CP devices.
Our Impella 5.0 and Impella LD devices have received FDA, CE Mark, PMDA approvals which allow us to market them in the U.S., European Union and Japan, respectively. The technology is also approved for use in multiple other countries.
Impella 5.5®
The Impella 5.5 device is designed to be a percutaneous heart pump with integrated motors and sensors. The Impella 5.5 device delivers peak flows of greater than six liters per minute. The Impella 5.5 device has a motor housing that is thinner and 45% shorter than the Impella 5.0 device and it improves ease of pump insertion through the vasculature.
In September 2019, the Impella 5.5 device received PMA approval from the FDA for safety and efficacy in the therapy of cardiogenic shock for up to 14 days in the U.S. The Impella 5.5 device was introduced in the U.S. through a controlled rollout at hospitals with established heart recovery protocols beginning in fiscal year 2020. In April 2018, the Impella 5.5 device received CE Mark approval in Europe and was introduced in Europe through a controlled rollout, similar to the U.S. In November 2021, the Impella 5.5 device received PMDA approval and we began a controlled rollout in Japan, similar to the U.S. and Europe.
Impella RP®
The Impella RP device is a percutaneous catheter-based axial flow pump that is designed to allow for greater than four liters of blood flow per minute and is intended to provide the flow and pressure needed to compensate for right side heart failure. Our Impella RP device has received FDA and CE Mark approval which allows us to market this technology in the U.S. and European Union. The Impella RP device is the first percutaneous heart pump designed for right heart support to receive FDA approval. The Impella RP device is approved to provide support of the right heart during times of acute failure for certain patients who have received a left ventricle assist device or have suffered heart failure due to AMI, a failed heart transplant, or following open heart surgery. Additionally, we have adapted the design of the Impella RP device to be implanted through the internal jugular vein in the neck; we believe this approach is the preferred method for heart surgeons as it allows for patient ambulation. We anticipate making a regulatory submission for this technology in fiscal year 2023.
Impella SmartAssist®
The Impella SmartAssist platform includes optical sensor technology for improved pump positioning and the use of algorithms that enable improved native heart assessment during the weaning process. The Impella SmartAssist platform is currently available for our Impella CP, Impella 5.5 and Impella RP heart pumps. The Impella SmartAssist platform received FDA, CE Mark and PMDA approvals which allows us to market it in the U.S., European Union and Japan, respectively. The technology is also approved for use in multiple other countries.
Impella Connect®
Impella Connect is a cloud-based technology that enables secure, remote viewing of the Automated Impella Controller, or AIC, for physicians and hospital staff. We began a controlled rollout of Impella Connect at certain hospital sites during fiscal year 2020 and have transitioned most of our customers to this technology. We continue to introduce this technology to hospitals outside the U.S.
Abiomed Breethe OXY-1 System
The Breethe OXY-1 System is a portable external respiratory assistance device that we acquired as part of our acquisition of Breethe, in April 2020 in connections with our efforts to expand our product portfolio to support the needs of patients, such as those suffering from cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure, whose lungs can no longer provide sufficient oxygenation. The Breethe OXY-1 System takes venous blood from the patient, removes carbon dioxide and adds oxygen much like a human lung, and returns the oxygenated blood safely back to the patient. In October 2020, the Breethe OXY-1 System received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for an all-in-one, compact cardiopulmonary bypass system. We have conducted a controlled launch of the Breethe OXY-1 System at a limited number of hospitals in the U.S. and have seen positive results regarding survival, blood compatibility, durability of the Pump
Lung Unit (“PLU”), hemodynamic flow rates and ease of patient ambulation. Based on our early patient study, we have identified areas of improvement around the electronics of the console and implemented a voluntary recall at the seven hospitals where the Breethe OXY-1 Systems were placed. Until the corrective action is completed, we are not expanding the number of patients or centers under the controlled launch. The console upgrades may require a 510(k) clearance from the FDA. We expect to resume commercialization of the Breethe OXY-1 System under a controlled rollout in the second half of fiscal year 2023.
Our Product Pipeline
Impella ECP™
The Impella ECP device is designed for blood flow of greater than three and a half liters per minute. It is intended to be delivered on a standard sized (9 French) catheter and will include an expandable inflow in the left ventricle. The Impella ECP device has achieved initial FDA safety milestones, including completion of the first stage in its FDA early feasibility study (“EFS”). The prospective, multi-center, non-randomized EFS is designed to allow us, study investigators, and the FDA to make qualitative assessments about the safety and feasibility of the use of the Impella ECP device in high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (“PCI”) patients. In fiscal year 2021, we received approval from the FDA to expand the EFS for the Impella ECP device and we continue to enroll patients in this study. In August 2021, we received Breakthrough Device designation by the FDA for the Impella ECP device, which is provided pursuant to the FDA’s Breakthrough Device Program, a program intended to help patients receive more timely access to certain medical technologies by providing a speedier development, assessment and review process for such technologies. The protocol of a single arm pivotal high-risk PCI study for the Impella ECP device, as part of an investigational device exemption (“IDE”) has been approved by the FDA. We have supported over 25 patients in our early feasibility study and began patient enrollment under a pivotal-like protocol in March 2022. We expect to transition to a pivotal trial in fiscal year 2023. The Impella ECP device is still in development and has not been approved for commercial use or sale.
Impella XR Sheath™
The Impella XR Sheath is a low-profile sheath that expands and recoils, allowing for small bore access and closure with certain Impella heart pumps. It inserts at 10 French and the flexible, nitinol braids momentarily expand during insertion, then recoil, simplifying access for complex interventions. The Impella XR Sheath is intended to produce less trauma at the arterial access site compared to large bore sheaths. In December 2020, we received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for the Impella XR Sheath for the Impella 2.5 device. The Impella XR Sheath for our Impella CP device is still in development and has not been cleared for commercial use or sale.
Impella BTR™
The Impella BTR device is designed to be a percutaneous, weanable, smart heart pump with integrated motors and sensors. The Impella BTR device is designed to allow for greater than six liters of blood flow per minute, provide up to one year of hemodynamic support and include a wearable driver designed for hospital discharge. The Impella BTR device is expected to and intended to allow for heart recovery or heart remodeling with adjunctive therapies for class III and class IV heart-failure patients. In December 2021, we received conditional approval for an IDE early feasibility study for the Impella BTR device and we enrolled our first patient in April 2022. The Impella BTR device is still in development and has not been approved for commercial use or sale.
preCARDIA™
The preCARDIA system is a minimally invasive, catheter-mounted superior vena cava therapy system designed to rapidly treat acutely decompensated heart failure (“ADHF”) related volume overload by effectively reducing cardiac filling pressures and promoting decongestion to improve overall cardiac and renal function. The preCARDIA system allows for straightforward placement in the ICU by physicians and hemodynamic monitoring by medical staff. Prior to the acquisition of preCARDIA, the preCARDIA system received Breakthrough Device Designation by the FDA. In January 2022, we announced results of the first-in-human early feasibility study of the preCARDIA system. The multicenter, prospective, single-arm VENUS-HF early feasibility study examined 30 patients with ADHF who were assigned preCARDIA therapy for 12 or 24 hours. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse events through 30 days. The results support additional study of the preCARDIA system. In the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, the FDA authorized the preCARDIA early feasibility study to be expanded by 30 additional patients. The preCARDIA system is still in development and has not been approved for commercial use or sale.
Our Markets
Coronary heart disease ("CHD") is the most common type of cardiovascular disease and the most common cause of death in the U.S. and represents the number one cause of death for those suffering from obesity and Type II diabetes, according to the American Heart Association ("AHA"). CHD is a condition of the coronary arteries that causes reduced blood flow and insufficient oxygen delivery to the affected portion of the heart. In some cases, CHD leads to acute myocardial infarction, or AMI, commonly known as a heart attack, which may lead to heart failure, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body’s major organs.
A broad spectrum of therapies exists for the treatment of patients in early stages of CHD. Angioplasty procedures and stents are commonly used in the cath lab to restore and increase blood flow to the heart. These treatments are often successful in slowing the progression of heart disease, extending life, and/or improving the quality of life for some period of time. Patients presenting with acute cardiac injuries potentially have recoverable hearts. Treatment for these patients in pre-shock in the cath lab is primarily focused on hemodynamic stabilization. Acute heart failure patients in profound shock typically require treatment in the surgery suite. These are patients suffering from cardiogenic shock after a heart attack, post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock or myocarditis complicated with cardiogenic shock. Chronic heart failure patients have hearts that are unlikely to be recoverable due to left and/or right-side heart failure and their conditions cause their hearts to fail over time. Limited therapies exist today for patients with severe, end-stage, or chronic heart failure.
In more severe cases of heart failure, patients are sent directly to the surgery suite for coronary bypass or valve replacement surgery. The most severe acute heart failure patients are in profound cardiogenic shock, including those suffering from myocarditis (a viral attack of the heart), or from those suffering from an impaired ability of the heart to pump blood after a heart attack or heart surgery. These patients typically require treatments involving the use of mechanical circulatory support devices that provide increased blood flow and reduce the stress on the heart. Many less severe patients in the cath lab could also benefit from circulatory support devices or other clinical treatment, which could potentially prevent them from entering into profound shock.
Percutaneous assist devices, like the Impella portfolio of devices, are mechanical devices that help the failing heart pump blood or take over the pumping function of the failing heart. Percutaneous assist devices allow for less invasive placement and removal and can be done through a small puncture in the leg in the cath lab, electrophysiology lab, or operating room. We believe heart recovery is a preferred clinical outcome for patients, since it generally lowers the overall relative cost to the healthcare system versus alternative therapies and treatment paths that may require multiple surgeries, lengthy or repeated hospital stays, chronic therapeutic and immunosuppressant drugs and other related healthcare costs.
Research and Product Development
Since our founding in 1981, we have gained substantial expertise in circulatory support through the development of many product platforms to support heart patients. This includes our Impella platform that we currently market and other technologies that we have supported, and sold in the past, which we do not actively market currently. Our current strategy is to develop a complete portfolio of products across the continuum of care in heart recovery, primarily focused in the area of circulatory care. We intend to continue to use this experience to develop additional circulatory support products as well as making enhancements to our existing products, with an emphasis on improving access and closure with our devices. In addition, we have a number of pipeline products at various stages of development, including the Impella ECP, Impella BTR, Impella XR Sheath and preCARDIA devices.
We expended $163.4 million, $121.9 million and $98.8 million on research and development in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our research and development expenditures include costs related to clinical trials and studies for our current and anticipated future products.
We are pursuing randomized control trials in high-risk PCI and cardiogenic shock, such as the STEMI DTU Study and PROTECT IV Study, to complement our clinical evidence and best practices to optimize patient outcomes. We are also conducting clinical activities such as the Impella ECP high-risk PCI study and the Impella BTR IDE early feasibility study, as discussed above in the "Our Product Pipeline" section.
STEMI DTU™ Study
In November 2018, we announced the results of our FDA-approved prospective multi-center feasibility study, “STEMI Door to Unloading with Impella CP system in acute myocardial infarction” (“STEMI DTU”). The study, which enrolled 50 patients at 10 sites, focused on the feasibility and safety of unloading the left ventricle using the Impella CP heart pump prior to primary PCI in patients presenting with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, or STEMI, without cardiogenic shock, with the hypothesis that this will potentially reduce infarct size. The hypothesis of this novel approach to treating STEMI patients, based on extensive mechanistic research, is that unloading the left ventricle prior to PCI reduces myocardial workload and oxygen demand and also initiates a cardio-protective effect at the myocardial cell level, which may alleviate myocardial damage caused by reperfusion injury at the time of revascularization. The intent of this study was to help refine the protocol and lay the groundwork for a future pivotal study with more sites and patients and will be designed for statistical significance.
In April 2019, the FDA approved the initiation of the STEMI DTU pivotal randomized controlled trial. The prospective, multi-center, two-arm trial plans to enroll 668 patients undergoing treatment for a STEMI heart attack at up to 60 sites. Half the patients will be randomized to receive delayed reperfusion after 30 minutes of left ventricular unloading with the Impella CP. The other half will receive immediate reperfusion, the current standard of care. The STEMI DTU trial will test the hypothesis that unloading the left ventricle for 30 minutes prior to reperfusion will reduce myocardial damage from a heart attack and lead to a reduction in future heart failure related events. The trial allows for an adaptive design, which permits adjustments to the study sample size after an interim analysis. Patient enrollment in the trial is ongoing and as of March 31, 2022, we have enrolled 141 patients.
PROTECT IV Study
In April 2021, we announced that the first patient has been enrolled in PROTECT IV, a large, prospective, multi-center randomized controlled trial that is designed to provide the level of clinical evidence needed to achieve a Class I guideline recommendation for Impella in high-risk PCI. The two-arm trial will compare the benefits of high-risk PCI with Impella (primarily Impella CP) versus high-risk PCI without Impella support. The primary endpoint of the study is the composite of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes at a minimum of one year. The trial has an adaptive design. It aims to enroll 1,252 consecutive qualified patients at more than 100 hospital sites across the U.S. and Europe. The PROTECT IV trial will leverage advancements in technology and best practices learned since the completion of the PROTECT II randomized controlled trial and the FDA PMA for the Impella 2.5 heart pump for high-risk PCI. Data from PROTECT II found, when compared to intra-aortic balloon pump, Impella 2.5 led to a 29% reduction in MACCE, defined as composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction and repeat procedures, at 90 days. PROTECT IV also builds on PROTECT III, a contemporary, prospective, single-arm FDA post-approval study of Impella 2.5 and Impella CP for high-risk PCI. Patient enrollment in the trial is ongoing and as of March 31, 2022, we have enrolled 103 patients.
Sales, Clinical Support, Marketing and Field Service
Our clinical support personnel consist primarily of registered nurses and other personnel with considerable experience in either the surgery suite or the cath lab, and they play a critical role in training and educating physicians in the use of our products. In recent years, we have significantly increased the number of our direct sales and clinical support personnel in the U.S, Germany and Japan.
Manufacturing
We manufacture our products in Danvers, Massachusetts, Aachen, Germany and Halethorpe, Maryland. Our Aachen facility performs final assembly and manufactures most of our disposable Impella devices, including the Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella 5.5, Impella LD and Impella RP. Our Danvers facility also manufactures and performs final assembly for the Impella CP device, Impella 5.5, and certain Impella subsystems and accessories, including our Impella AIC, the console that powers our Impella devices. Our Halethorpe, Maryland facility manufactures the Breethe OXY-1 System. In addition, we rely on third-party suppliers to provide us with components used in our existing products and products under development. For example, we outsource some of the manufacturing for components and circuit cards within our consoles.
We have expanded our manufacturing capacity in all our facilities to support demand for our products. We believe our existing manufacturing facilities provide sufficient physical capacity to meet anticipated demand for at least the next twelve months. Our U.S. and German manufacturing facilities are certified as being in compliance with standards established by the International Organization for Standardization, or ISO, and operate under the FDA’s good manufacturing practice requirements for medical devices set forth in the Quality System Regulation, or QSR.
Sources and Availability of Raw Materials
We purchase, in the ordinary course of business, raw materials and supplies essential to our operations from numerous suppliers in the United States and around the world. To date, we have been able to manage supply disruptions or shortages of raw materials and supplies. A more detailed discussion regarding the risk of global supply chain distribution and its potential impact on our business is contained in “If our suppliers cannot provide the components we require, our ability to manufacture our products could be harmed” in “Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Operations” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
Intellectual Property
We have developed, and our business depends on, significant know-how and proprietary technology. To protect our know-how and proprietary technology, we rely on trade secret laws, trademarks, patents, copyrights, and confidentiality agreements and other contracts. However, these methods afford only limited protection. Others may independently develop equivalent proprietary information or technology, gain access to our trade secrets or disclose or use such secrets or technology without our approval.
A substantial portion of our intellectual property rights relating to the Impella devices and other products under development, such as the Impella ECP, Impella XR Sheath and Impella BTR devices, are in the form of trade secrets and patents. We protect our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge in part through confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and other parties. We cannot assure you that our trade secrets will not become known to or be independently developed by our competitors.
We own or have rights to numerous U.S. and foreign patents. Patents filed both in the U.S. and Europe generally have a life of 20 years from the filing date. Our U.S. and foreign patents have expiration dates ranging from 2022 to 2040 and beyond as we continue to innovate and file for new patent applications.
Competition
Competition among providers of treatments for the failing heart is intense and subject to rapid technological change and evolving industry requirements and standards. We compete with many companies that have greater financial, product development, sales and marketing resources and experience than we do. Furthermore, new product development and technological change characterize the areas in which we compete. Our present or future products could be rendered obsolete or uneconomical as a result of technological advances by one or more of our present or future competitors or by other therapies, including drug therapies. We must continue to develop and commercialize new products and technologies to remain competitive in the cardiovascular medical technology industry. We believe that we compete primarily on the basis of clinical superiority supported by extensive data, and innovative features that enhance patient benefit, product performance, ease of use and reliability. Customer and clinical support, and data that demonstrate both improvement in a patient's quality of life and a product's cost-effectiveness are additional aspects of competition.
The cardiovascular segment of the medical technology industry is dynamic and subject to significant change due to cost-of-care considerations, regulatory reform, industry and customer consolidation and evolving patient needs. The ability to provide products and technologies that demonstrate value and improve clinical outcomes is becoming increasingly important for medical technology manufacturers.
We are aware of other cardiac assist device research efforts in the U.S., Canada, Europe and Japan. In addition, there are a number of companies, including Cardiovascular Systems Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences, Boston Scientific, LivaNova, Terumo Heart, Teleflex, Getinge (Maquet Cardiovascular) and several early-stage companies, that are developing medical devices that provide circulatory support and oxygenation, including implantable left ventricular assist devices, miniaturized rotary ventricular assist devices and cardiopulmonary bypass devices that directly and indirectly compete with our products.
Third-Party Reimbursement
Our products and services are generally purchased by hospitals that rely on third-party payers to cover and reimburse the costs of related patient care. In the U.S., as well as in many foreign countries, government-funded or private insurance programs pay the cost of a significant portion of a patient’s medical expenses. No uniform policy of coverage or reimbursement for medical technology exists among all these payers. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement can differ significantly from payer to payer and by jurisdiction.
Third-party payers may include government healthcare programs such as Medicare or Medicaid, private insurers or managed care organizations. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) is responsible for administering the Medicare program in the U.S. and, along with its contractors, establishes coverage and reimbursement policies for the Medicare program. Medicare’s coverage and reimbursement policies are particularly significant to our business because a large percentage of the population for which our products are intended includes individuals who are Medicare beneficiaries. In addition, private payers often follow the coverage and reimbursement policies of Medicare. We cannot assure that government or private third-party payers will continue to cover and reimburse the procedures using our products in whole or in part in the future or that payment rates for reimbursement will be adequate. If governmental and private payers’ policies do not cover surgical procedures performed using our products, we may not be able to generate the revenues necessary to support our business.
Medicare payment may be made, in appropriate cases, for procedures performed in the in-patient hospital setting using our technology. Medicare generally reimburses hospitals in which the procedures are performed based upon prospectively determined amounts. For hospital in-patient stays, the prospective payment generally is determined by the patient’s condition and other patient data and procedures performed during the in-patient stay, using a classification system known as International Classification of Diseases, or ICD, and medical severity diagnosis-related groups, or MS DRGs. Prospective rates are adjusted for, among other things, regional differences, co-morbidity and complications. Hospitals performing in-patient procedures using our devices generally do not receive separate Medicare reimbursement for the specific costs of purchasing or implanting our products. Rather, reimbursement for these costs is bundled with the MS DRG-based payments made to hospitals for the procedures during which our devices are implanted, removed, or replaced. Because prospective payments are based on predetermined rates and may be less than a hospital’s actual costs in furnishing care, hospitals have incentives to lower their in-patient operating costs by utilizing products, devices and supplies that will reduce the length of in-patient stays, decrease labor or otherwise lower their costs. Thus, hospitals may decide not to use our products if reimbursement amounts are insufficient to cover any additional costs incurred when purchasing our products.
Coverage and reimbursement for procedures to implant, remove or replace our products are generally established in the U.S. market. For instance, Medicare covers the use of LVADs when used for support of blood circulation post-cardiotomy, as a temporary life-support system until a human heart becomes available for transplant, or as destination therapy for patients who require permanent mechanical cardiac support, when the use is consistent with FDA approval and FDA-approved labeling instructions, as applicable. Coverage and reimbursement for procedures to implant the Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella LD, Impella 5.5 and Impella RP devices, including those devices for which the Impella SmartAssist platform is available, are also established for in-hospital use by Medicare including ICD-10 for procedures and MS DRG coding. Actual coverage and payment may vary by local Medicare fiscal
intermediary or third-party insurer. Our Impella devices are also covered by commercial and/or Medicare plans of many third-party insurers including Aetna, Humana, Cigna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and United Healthcare.
The AHA and CMS have established a system of care around the utilization of percutaneous heart pumps. The history and creation of this dedicated payment system with Impella implant/explant, bi-ventricular, ECPellaTM, and transfer reimbursement allow some of the most critically ill patients the potential to survive and achieve native heart recovery.
The FDA has granted us Emergency Use Authorizations (“EUAs”) for COVID-19. For the duration of the public health emergency (“PHE”), hospitals treating patients diagnosed with COVID-19 receive an additional 20% in reimbursement.
In addition to payments to hospitals for procedures using our technology, Medicare makes separate payments to physicians for their professional services when they perform surgeries to implant, remove, replace or repair our devices or when they perform percutaneous insertion and removal of Impella devices. Physicians generally bill for such services using a coding system known as Current Procedural Terminology, or CPT, codes. Physician services performed in connection with the implantation, removal or repositioning of our approved products are billed using a variety of CPT codes. Generally, Medicare payment levels for physician services are based on the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and are revised annually by CMS. Physicians may choose not to use our products if reimbursement amounts do not justify the additional costs expended when employing our products.
In general, third-party reimbursement programs in the U.S. and abroad, whether government-funded or commercially insured, are developing a variety of increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs, including prospective reimbursement and capitation programs, group purchasing, reducing benefit coverage, requiring second opinions prior to major surgery, negotiating reductions to charges on patient bills, promoting healthier lifestyle initiatives and exploring more cost-effective methods of delivering healthcare. These types of cost containment programs, as well as legislative or regulatory changes to reimbursement policies, could limit the amount which healthcare providers may be willing to pay for our medical devices.
Government Regulation and Other Matters
Our products and facilities are subject to regulation by numerous government agencies, including but not limited to the FDA, European Union Member States competent authorities, and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, to confirm compliance with the various laws and regulations governing the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing, and distribution of our products. We are also governed by federal, state, local, and international laws of general applicability, such as those regulating employee health and safety, and the protection of the environment. Overall, the amount and scope of domestic and foreign laws and regulations applicable to our business has increased over time. Compliance with these regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position to date, but new regulations or amendments to existing regulations to make them more stringent could have such an effect in the future. We cannot estimate the expenses we may incur to comply with potential new laws or changes to existing laws, or the other potential effects these laws may have on our business.
United States Regulation
In the U.S., the FDA has responsibility for regulating medical devices under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or FFDCA. The FDA regulates design, development, testing, clinical studies, manufacturing, labeling, distribution, import, export, sale promotion, and record keeping for medical devices, and reporting of adverse events, recalls, or other field actions by manufacturers and users to identify potential problems with marketed medical devices. Many of the devices that we develop, manufacture and market are in a category for which the FDA has implemented stringent clinical investigation and pre-market clearance or approval requirements. The process of obtaining FDA clearance or approval to market a product is resource intensive, lengthy, and costly. FDA review may involve delays that adversely affect the marketing and sale of our products. Some of our products are pending regulatory clearance or approval to begin commercial sales in various markets. Ultimately, the FDA may not authorize the commercial release of a medical device if it determines the device is not safe and effective or does not meet other standards for clearance or approval. Additionally, even if a product is cleared or approved, the FDA may impose restrictions requiring postmarket testing and surveillance programs to monitor the effects of these products once commercialized.
The FDA has the authority to halt the distribution of certain medical devices, detain or seize adulterated or misbranded medical devices, order the repair, replacement, or refund of the costs of such devices, or preclude the importation of devices that are or appear to be violative. The FDA also conducts inspections to determine compliance with the QSR concerning the manufacturing and design of devices and medical device reporting regulations, recall regulations, clinical testing regulations, and other requirements. The FDA may withdraw product clearances or approvals due to failure to comply with regulatory standards, or the occurrence of unforeseen problems following initial approval, and require notification of health professionals and others with regard to medical devices that present unreasonable risks of harm to the public health. Additionally, the failure to comply with FDA or comparable regulatory standards or the discovery of previously unknown product problems could result in fines, delays, or suspensions of regulatory clearances or approvals, seizures, injunctions, recalls, refunds, civil money penalties, or criminal prosecution. Our compliance with applicable regulatory requirements is subject to continual review. Moreover, the FDA and several other U.S. agencies administer controls over the export of medical devices from the U.S. and the import of devices into the U.S., which could also subject us to sanctions for noncompliance.
Premarket Regulation
The FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes (Class I, II or III) based on the statutory framework described in the FFDCA. Our Impella products are categorized as Class III devices. Class III devices are typically life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices, or new devices that have not been found to be substantially equivalent to legally marketed devices. Class III devices must generally receive PMA approval from the FDA before they can be marketed.
The PMA approval pathway requires that the applicant demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction, based on valid scientific evidence, that there is a reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the device for its intended use. During the PMA process, the FDA examines detailed data to assess the safety and effectiveness of the device. This information includes design, development, manufacture, labeling, advertising, preclinical testing and clinical study data. Prior to approving a PMA, the FDA may conduct an inspection of the manufacturing facilities and the clinical sites where supporting studies were conducted. The facility inspection evaluates our compliance with QSR. An inspection of clinical sites evaluates compliance with good clinical practice standards, including, for studies conducted under an investigational device exemption, or IDE, that the studies meet the requirements of FDA’s IDE regulations. Typically, the FDA will convene an advisory panel meeting to review the data presented in the PMA. The panel’s recommendation is given substantial weight but is not binding on the FDA. Under a set of performance measures that the FDA has committed to achieving in return for the receipt of user fees from manufacturers, FDA attempts to review all PMAs not requiring an advisory panel meeting within 180 “FDA days” and review of a PMA application that does require an advisory panel meeting within 320 “FDA days.” The term “FDA days” excludes the time the applicant spends responding to FDA requests for additional information. While the FDA has approved PMA applications within the allotted time period, reviews can occur over a significantly longer period.
Upon completion of its review, the FDA will either approve or deny the PMA. If the FDA’s evaluation is favorable, the PMA is approved, and the device may be marketed in the U.S. The FDA may approve a PMA with post-approval conditions such as postmarket collection of clinical data. Failure to comply with the conditions of approval can result in material adverse enforcement action, including the loss or withdrawal of the PMA approval. A PMA approval may include significant limitations on the indicated uses for which a device may be marketed. The FDA interprets the FFDCA as prohibiting the promotion of approved medical devices for unapproved uses. After approval of a PMA, a new PMA or PMA supplement is required in the event of a significant modification to the device, the device labeling, or the manufacturing process. The FDA can initiate proceedings to withdraw a PMA approval for failure to comply with regulatory requirements or the occurrence of unforeseen problems following initial marketing.
See “Item 1. Business - Our Existing Products” for additional information regarding regulatory approvals on our Impella devices. We expect to continue to make additional regulatory submissions for our products for additional indications.
When clinical trials of a device are required in order to obtain FDA approval, the sponsor of the trial is generally required to file an IDE application before commencing the trials. The FDA reviews and must approve an IDE before a clinical study may begin in the U.S. In addition, the clinical study must be approved by an Institutional Review Board, or IRB, at each clinical site. The FDA, the IRB, or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time for various reasons, including if information emerges suggesting that the subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. All clinical studies of investigational devices must be conducted in compliance with FDA requirements. Following the completion of a study, the data from the study must be collected, analyzed and presented in an appropriate submission to the FDA, either as a report submitted to the IDE file or in a marketing application such as a PMA.
In addition, certain medical devices can be approved by the FDA in the U.S. under a humanitarian device extension (“HDE”) rather than a PMA. In order for a device to be eligible for an HDE, there must be a qualifying target patient population of less than 8,000 patients per year for which there is no other comparable device available to treat the condition. The FDA must agree that a device meets these criteria before it can be approved under an HDE. FDA approval of an HDE also requires demonstration that the device is safe for its intended application, that it is potentially effective, and that the probable benefits outweigh the associated risks. If another device receives approval through the PMA process that addresses the same patient population as the HDE device, the HDE device may need to be withdrawn from the U.S. market. An approved HDE authorizes sales of the device to any hospital after review and approval by the hospital’s IRB. Proposed modifications to approved HDE devices, like modifications to approved PMA devices, require FDA approval through a new HDE application or an HDE supplement.
The EUA authority allows the FDA to strengthen the public health protections against biological, chemical, radiological, and nuclear agents that may be used to harm the society. Under section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the FDA may allow medical countermeasures to be used in an emergency to diagnose, treat or prevent serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions caused by such agents, when there are no adequate, approved and available alternatives. Section 564 permits the FDA to authorize the introduction into interstate commerce of a drug, device or biological product intended for use in an actual or potential emergency during the effective period of a declaration. EUA candidates include products and uses that are not approved, cleared or licensed under sections 505, 510(k) and 515 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or section 351 of the Public Health Act. The FDA may issue an EUA only if, after consultation with the Director of National Institute of health (“NIH”) and the Director of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”), the FDA concludes that the four statutory criteria for issuance (Serious or Life-Threatening Disease or Condition, Evidence of Effectiveness, Risk-Benefit Analysis, No Alternatives) have been met. The FDA assesses the sufficiency of the effectiveness data and the risk-benefit profile of each candidate product on a case-by-case basis. The
FDA recommends that requests for medical devices under consideration for EUAs include clinical evidence data to support the proposed intended use, as necessary and appropriate. The FDA provides that an EUA will be in effect for the duration of the declaration under which it was issued, unless the EUA is revoked because the criteria of issuance are no longer met or revocation is appropriate to protect public health or safety. The FDA will periodically review the circumstances and appropriateness of an EUA, including circumstances that might warrant revocation of the EUA. Such circumstances may include significant adverse inspectional findings; reports of adverse events linked to, or suspected of being caused by, the EUA product; product failure; product ineffectiveness; and availability of a preferred product.
Postmarket Regulation
The medical devices that we manufacture and distribute pursuant to regulatory clearances or approvals by the FDA and other countries’ regulatory authorities are subject to continuing regulation by those agencies. The FDA reviews design, manufacturing, and distribution practices, labeling and record keeping, and manufacturers’ required reports of adverse experience and other information to identify potential problems with marketed medical devices. Among other FDA requirements, we must comply with the FDA’s good manufacturing practice regulations for medical devices, known as the QSR. These regulations govern the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, testing, manufacture, packaging, labeling, storage, installation, and servicing of all finished medical devices intended for human use. We must also comply with Medical Device Reporting, or MDR requirements, which require us to report to the FDA any incident in any of our products that may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, including medical intervention to prevent a death or serious injury, or in which any of our products malfunctioned and, if such malfunction were to recur, would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. Labeling, advertising, and promotional activities are subject to scrutiny by the FDA and, in certain circumstances, by the Federal Trade Commission. The FDA’s enforcement policy prohibits the marketing of approved medical devices for unapproved uses. We are subject to routine inspection by the FDA for compliance with the QSR and MDR requirements, as well as other applicable regulations. If the FDA were to conclude that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, or that any of our medical devices are ineffective or pose an unreasonable health risk, the FDA could ban such medical devices, detain or seize adulterated or misbranded medical devices, order a recall, repair, replacement, or refund of such devices, and require us to notify health professionals and others that the devices present unreasonable risks of harm to the public health. The FDA may also seek a judicial injunction enjoining certain violations of the FFDCA and imposing operating restrictions and assess civil or criminal fines and penalties against our officers, employees, or us. The FDA may also recommend criminal prosecution to the U.S. Department of Justice. Conduct giving rise to civil or criminal penalties may also form the basis for private civil litigation by third-party payers or other persons allegedly harmed by our conduct. Regulatory authorities outside the U.S. enforce similar laws and regulations within their respective jurisdictions.
The FDA and other regulatory agencies actively enforce regulations prohibiting promotion of off-label uses and the promotion of products for which marketing clearance has not been obtained. If the FDA or another regulatory agency determines that our promotional materials or training constitutes promotion of an unapproved use, it could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory enforcement actions, including the issuance of a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine and criminal penalties. Although our policy is to refrain from statements that could be considered off-label promotion of our products, the FDA or another regulatory agency could disagree and conclude that we have engaged in off-label promotion.
The FDA can require postmarket surveillance, or PMS, for significant risk devices, such as our medical devices, which require ongoing collection, analysis, and periodic submission to the FDA of clinical data during commercialization over a period of up to several years. The PMS data collection requirements are often burdensome and expensive. The failure to comply with the FDA’s regulations can result in enforcement action, including seizure of products, injunction, prosecution, civil fines and penalties, recall and/or suspension of FDA approval.
The FDA, in cooperation with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, or CBP, administers controls over the import and export of medical devices into and out of the U.S. International sales of our medical devices that have not received FDA approval are therefore subject to FDA export requirements. The CBP imposes its own regulatory requirements on the import of medical devices, including inspection and possible sanctions for noncompliance.
Other Regulations
We are subject to additional laws and regulations that govern our business operations, products, and technologies, including:
•federal, state, and foreign anti-kickback laws and regulations, which generally prohibit payments to anyone, including physicians, as an inducement to purchase or recommend a product;
•the Stark law, which prohibits physicians from referring Medicare or Medicaid patients to a provider that bills these programs for the provision of certain designated health services if the physician (or a member of the physician's immediate family) has a financial relationship with that provider;
•federal, state and foreign laws and regulations that protect the confidentiality of certain personal information, including patient health information, and restrict the use and disclosure of such information, in particular, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act in the U.S., and the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (as further described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Intellectual Property, Privacy and Security-If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business”);
•the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires public disclosure of the financial relationships of. healthcare professionals and teaching hospitals in the U.S. with applicable manufacturers, including medical device, pharmaceutical, and biologics companies;
•the False Claims Act, which prohibits the submission of false or otherwise improper claims for payment to the United States government, including federally funded health care program, and health care fraud statutes that prohibit false statements and improper claims to any third-party payor; and
•the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), which can be used to prosecute United States companies for arrangements with foreign government officials or other parties, or for not keeping accurate financial records or maintaining adequate internal controls to prevent and detect arrangements with foreign government officials or other parties (as further described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors-Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks-We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anticorruption laws, as well as export control laws, import and customs laws, trade and economic sanctions laws and other laws governing our operations”).
Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in criminal liability, significant fines or penalties, negative publicity, and material costs and expenses associated with investigation enforcement activities, and individual settlement agreements that impose a government monitor for a period of several years.
We are also subject to various local, state, federal, and international laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, hazardous substances and health and safety. These requirements govern, among other things, matters such as safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, the handling, storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes and, if any, the associated cleanup of properties affected by discharges, releases or exposure to pollutants, air emissions, wastewater, and occupational and human health and safety. Specifically, the use of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances in connection with our research and development and manufacturing activities, such as the manufacture of our biomaterials, is subject to compliance with federal environmental regulations and enforcement by various state and local agencies. We believe we have been, and we are in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations (including environmental laws and regulations). We further believe that we currently have no liabilities under such requirements that could reasonably be expected to materially harm our business, results of operations or financial condition.
International Regulation
Internationally, the approval and regulation of medical devices is subject to a variety of laws and regulation. In Europe, our products are subject to extensive regulatory requirements. Our Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella LD, Impella 5.5, Impella RP, and Impella AIC are all approved under CE Mark and are available for sale in the European Union and other markets that recognize CE Mark approval. The European Union requires that medical devices may only be placed on the market if they do not compromise safety and health when properly installed, maintained, and used in accordance with their intended purpose. National laws conforming to the European Union's legislation regulate our products under the medical devices regulatory system. Although the more variable national requirements under which medical devices were formerly regulated have been substantially replaced by the European Union Medical Devices Regulation, individual nations can still impose unique requirements that may require supplemental submissions. The European Union medical device laws require manufacturers to declare that their products conform to the essential regulatory requirements after which the products may be placed on the market bearing the CE Mark. Manufacturers' quality systems for products in all but the lowest risk classification are also subject to certification and audit by an independent notified body. In Europe, particular emphasis is being placed on more sophisticated and faster procedures for the reporting of adverse events to the competent authorities.
The European Union implemented a new regulatory requirement for medical devices under the Medical Device Regulation (“MDR”) in May 2017. The MDR became fully effective in May 2021 and brought significant new requirements for many medical devices, including enhanced requirements for clinical evidence and documentation, increased focus on device identification and traceability, new definitions and registration of economic operators throughout the distribution chain, and additional post market surveillance and vigilance. Penalties for regulatory non-compliance could be severe, including fines, mandatory price reductions, revocation or suspension of business licenses and criminal sanctions. Compliance with the MDR will require re-certification of many of our products to the enhanced standards; however, we are currently still able to market our devices with valid CE Marks issued pursuant to the Medical Device Directives. We have received MDR certification for our Impella CP and Impella CP with SmartAssist,
and plan to begin the MDR recertification process for our Impella LD, Impella 5.5 with SmartAssist, Impella RP and Impella AIC during this fiscal year.
In Japan, pre-market approval and clinical studies are required as is governmental pricing approval for medical devices. Our Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella 5.5 and Impella AIC have regulatory approval and are available for sale in Japan. Clinical studies are subject to a stringent Japanese “Good Clinical Practices” standard. Approval time frames from the Japanese MHLW vary from simple notifications to review periods of one or more years, depending on the complexity and risk level of the device. In addition, importation of medical devices into Japan is subject to the “Good Import Practices” regulations. As with any highly regulated market, significant changes in the regulatory environment could adversely affect future sales.
In many of the other foreign countries in which we market our products, we may be subject to regulations affecting, among other things:
•product standards and specifications;
•packaging requirements;
•labeling requirements;
•marketing restrictions;
•product collection and disposal requirements;
•quality system requirements;
•import restrictions;
•tariffs;
•customs and duties; and
•tax requirements.
Many of the regulations applicable to our devices and products in these countries are similar to those of the FDA. In some countries, the level of government regulation of medical devices is increasing, which can lengthen time to market and increase registration and approval costs. In many countries, the national health or social security organizations require our products to be qualified before they can be marketed and considered eligible for reimbursement.
Health Care Initiatives
Government and private sector initiatives to limit the growth of health care costs, including price regulation and competitive pricing, coverage and payment policies, comparative effectiveness reviews, technology assessments, and managed-care arrangements, are continuing in many countries where we do business, including the U.S., Canada, Europe, and Asia. As a result of these changes, the marketplace has placed increased emphasis on the delivery of more cost-effective medical therapies. For example, government programs, private health care insurance, and managed-care plans have attempted to control costs by restricting coverage and limiting the level of reimbursement for procedures or treatments, and some third-party payers require their pre-approval before new or innovative devices or therapies are utilized by patients. These various initiatives have created increased price sensitivity over medical products generally and may impact demand for our products and technologies.
The delivery of our products is subject to regulation by the department of Health and Human Services in the U.S. and comparable state and foreign agencies responsible for reimbursement and regulation of health care items and services. Foreign governments also impose regulations in connection with their health care reimbursement programs and the delivery of health care items and services. Reimbursement schedules regulate the amount the U.S. government will reimburse hospitals and doctors for the inpatient care of persons covered by Medicare. CMS may also review whether and/or under what circumstances a procedure or technology is reimbursable for Medicare beneficiaries. Changes in current reimbursement levels could have an adverse effect on market demand and our pricing flexibility.
Health care cost containment efforts have also prompted domestic hospitals and other customers of medical device manufacturers to consolidate into larger purchasing groups to enhance purchasing power and this trend is expected to continue. The medical device industry has also experienced some consolidation, partly in order to offer a broader range of products to large purchasers. As a result, transactions with customers are larger, more complex, and could likely involve more long-term contracts than in the past. These larger customers, due to their enhanced purchasing power, may attempt to increase pressure on product pricing.
Seasonality
Our quarterly revenues are influenced by many factors, including new product introductions, acquisitions, regulatory approvals, patient and physician holiday schedules, and other factors. Revenues in the first half of our most recent fiscal years represented 49%, 44%, and 49% of total fiscal year revenues for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our revenues in the first half of our fiscal years have historically generally represented a lower percentage of total annual revenues than revenues in the second half of the fiscal year due to the seasonality of the U.S., European and Japanese markets, where summer vacation schedules normally result in fewer medical procedures for our products.
Human Capital
As of March 31, 2022, we had 2,003 full-time employees, including:
•418 in product engineering, research and development, clinical development and regulatory;
•787 in sales, clinical support, marketing, field service and related support
•586 in manufacturing; and
•212 in general and administration
As of March 31, 2022, full-time employees by region were:
•1,285 located in the U.S.
•609 located in Europe
•92 located in Japan
•17 located throughout the rest of world
We understand that our success depends in large part on our ability to recruit, develop and retain a productive and engaged workforce. Accordingly, investing in our employees, focusing on safety, offering competitive compensation and benefits, promoting a diverse workforce, adopting forward thinking human capital management practices and community outreach are critical elements of our corporate strategy.
•Health, Safety and Wellness. As a medical device manufacturer that provides on-site support to hospitals, health and safety issues are fundamental considerations in our operations. We are committed to protecting our employees by working to implement safety practices and procedures and institute training initiatives. We monitor compliance on an ongoing basis with these Company protocols as well as federal, state, local and foreign regulations to which we are subject to. In particular, this includes Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, requirements and other similar statutory standards outside the U.S. Our training programs are focused on the particular risks that our employees deal with in our normal operations, including hazardous materials, emergency evacuation, ergonomics and biohazards.
•Competitive Compensation and Benefits. Our compensation program is designed to align employee compensation with our performance and to provide the proper incentives to attract, retain and motivate employees to achieve superior results. The structure of our compensation program aims to balance incentive earnings for both short-term and long-term performance. We believe that we provide employee wages that are competitive and consistent with employee positions, skill levels, experience, knowledge and geographic location. We engage internationally recognized external compensation and benefits consulting firms to evaluate the effectiveness of our executive compensation and benefit programs and to provide benchmarking independently. We are committed to providing comprehensive benefit options that allow our employees and their families to live healthier and more secure lives. Our benefits include various health insurance and wellness programs; retirement and savings plans; an employee stock purchase plan; paid time off and family leave; and other benefits.
•Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives. We value diversity as a strength because we feel a diverse workforce leads to innovative ideas and solutions that help us recover more hearts and save more lives. We are committed to building an environment where employees are encouraged to achieve their full potential. We continue to foster a vibrant and inclusive culture, where people are respected and feel a sense of belonging regardless of their race, nationality, gender, age, religion or sexual orientation. We have targeted recruitment programs for veterans and university students, including those of diverse backgrounds.
•Employee Development. We seek to offer opportunities for employee education, development and training with a goal of creating a culture of leadership and knowledge of our business and industry. We offer professional skills and leadership development programs to support the growth of our employees. Many of our training opportunities are embodied in our Code of Conduct, which emphasizes a strong commitment to educating our employees on their legal, ethical and labor-related obligations under applicable law and our own Company policies and procedures. Additionally, we offer tuition reimbursement for courses taken in pursuit of an undergraduate or graduate degree.
•Community Support. We provide opportunities for and actively encourage our employees to participate in corporate giving and volunteer opportunities in the communities in which we work. We are extremely proud of the generosity and dedication of our employees who contribute to the Abiomed Citizenship and Give Back Group, which supports local and national organizations in the United States aimed supporting heart health and U.S. veterans. We also participate in the Mentoring Veterans Program, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization co-founded by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, by helping military veterans network with industry mentors in the life sciences industries.
•Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, our priorities have been to support our clinician partners, protect the well-being of our employees, and maintain continuous access to our life-saving technologies while offering front-line in-hospital support. We and our employees have worked together to institute, and maintain ongoing compliance with, stringent safety protocols to ensure continued production in our U.S. and German facilities, such as through working shift adjustments to increase social distancing, requirements for the wearing of masks and personal protective gear and for physical distancing, on-site COVID testing for our employees in both Danvers, Massachusetts and Aachen, Germany, the placement of temperature-taking stations, increased sanitizing in between shifts and readily available hand sanitizing stations in order to maintain a safe working environment for our employees. Our proactive testing and vaccination programs have reduced exposure with early detection, reduced employee anxiety and enabled our manufacturing facilities to operate at full capacity in line with local social distancing requirements. For a discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, including our employees, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-COVID-19 Pandemic.”
To assess and improve employee retention and engagement, we survey employees annually with the assistance of third-party consultants and take timely action to address feedback provided by employees. Our senior leadership team regularly engages with our employees to understand and identify potential opportunities for improvement.
We routinely enter into contractual agreements with our employees, which typically include confidentiality and non-competition commitments. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced any employment-related work stoppages and we consider our employee relations to be good.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risks and all other information set forth in this Report, including, without limitation, our business and forward-looking information, consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. If any of these risks materialize, the trading price of our common stock could fall and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The following is a summary of some of the more important factors that could affect our business:
Macroeconomic and External Risks
•We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including COVID-19.
•A prolonged downturn in macroeconomic conditions may materially adversely affect our business.
•Fluctuations in foreign currency and inflation could result in declines in our reported revenue and results of operations.
•Our business and operations are subject to risks related to climate change.
•Our business could be negatively impacted by corporate social responsibility and sustainability matters.
Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Operations
•We depend on Impella® products and services for most of our revenues.
•If we fail to compete successfully against our competitors, our revenues or operating results may be harmed.
•The commercial success of our products will require acceptance by cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists, a limited number of whom have significant influence over medical device selection and purchasing decisions.
•Expansion into hospital cardiac centers that have not historically used our products may incur long sales and training cycles that may cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
•The training required to use our products may reduce the market acceptance of our products and reduce our revenue.
•If we do not effectively manage our growth, we may be unable to successfully develop, market and sell our products.
•The demand for our existing products and products under development is unproven, and we may be unable to successfully commercialize our products.
•Unsuccessful clinical trials relating to products under development could have a material adverse effect on our prospects.
•Our future success depends in part on the development of new circulatory assist products, and our development efforts may not be successful.
•If we are unable to develop additional, high-quality manufacturing capacity, our growth may be limited and our business could be seriously harmed.
•We depend on third-party reimbursement to our customers for market acceptance of our products. If third-party payers fail to provide coverage and appropriate levels of reimbursement for the medical procedures in which our products are used, our sales and profitability would be adversely affected.
•If our suppliers cannot provide the components we require, our ability to manufacture our products could be harmed.
•We rely on distributors to sell our products in some international markets and poor performance by a distributor could reduce our sales and harm our business.
•We may not be successful in expanding our direct sales activities into international markets.
•The operating results we have achieved in recent years may not be indicative of our ability to sustain profitability, and our results may fluctuate unpredictably.
•We may not have sufficient funds to develop and commercialize our new products or make acquisitions of desirable companies, products or technologies.
•Quality issues may result in inventory write-downs and other costs.
•If we acquire other companies or businesses, we will be subject to risks that could hurt our business.
•Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
•If we cannot attract and retain key management, scientific, sales and other personnel we need, we will not be successful.
Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks
•If we fail to obtain and maintain necessary governmental approvals for our products and indications, we may be unable to market and sell our products in certain jurisdictions.
•If the FDA or another regulatory or enforcement agency determines that we have promoted our products for one or more off-label uses, we may be subject to various penalties, including civil or criminal penalties.
•Off-label use of our products may result in injuries that lead to product liability suits, which could be costly.
•Product liability claims could damage our reputation and adversely affect our financial results.
•Our products are subject to extensive regulatory requirements, including continuing regulatory review, which could affect the manufacturing and marketing of our products.
•Even after receiving regulatory clearance or approval, our products may be subject to product recalls, which could harm our reputation and divert our managerial and financial resources.
•Changes in healthcare policy and reimbursement systems in the U.S. and abroad could reduce our revenues and results.
•We must comply with healthcare “fraud and abuse” laws, and we could face penalties for non-compliance and be excluded from government healthcare programs, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anticorruption laws, as well as export control laws, import and customs laws, trade and economic sanctions laws and other laws governing our operations.
•Failure to achieve and maintain the manufacturing standards that our products require may seriously harm our business.
•The economic effects of “Brexit” may have an adverse impact on our business and operating results.
•We may undergo an “ownership change” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would limit our ability to utilize net operating losses and income tax credit carryforwards from prior tax years.
•Compliance with and changes in tax laws could materially and adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
•Environmental, health and safety laws, including recent environmental regulatory action regarding medical device sterilization facilities, may result in liabilities, expenses and restrictions on our operations.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property, Privacy and Security
•If we cannot protect our intellectual property, both domestically and internationally, and develop or otherwise acquire additional intellectual property, competition could force us to lower our prices, which could hurt our profitability.
•Claims that our current or future products infringe or misappropriate the proprietary rights of others could adversely affect our ability to sell those products and cause us to incur additional costs.
•If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business.
•Disruptions of critical information systems or material breaches in the security of our systems could harm our business, customer relations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
•The market price of our common stock is volatile, which has in the past led to and may in the future lead to securities litigation against us. Such litigation may be costly and result in an adverse outcome.
•The sale of additional shares of our common stock, the issuance of restricted stock units or the exercise of outstanding options to purchase our common stock, would dilute our stockholders’ ownership interest.
The following are detailed descriptions of our Risk Factors summarized above:
Macroeconomic and External Risks
We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including COVID-19.
We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including the global health concerns relating to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The global COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted and is likely to further adversely impact our business and markets, including our workforce and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and business partners. In particular, we may experience material financial or operational impacts, including:
•significant volatility or reductions in demand for our products;
•impacts and delays to clinical trials, our pipeline milestones, or regulatory clearances and approvals; or
•the inability to meet our customers’ needs or other obligations due to disruptions to our operations or the operations of our third-party partners, suppliers, contractors, logistics partners, or customers including disruptions to production, development, manufacturing, administrative and supply operations and arrangements.
The depth and extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and individual markets is dependent upon various factors, including the spread of additional variants; the availability of vaccinations, personal protective equipment, intensive care unit (“ICU”) and operating room capacity, and medical staff; and government interventions to reduce the spread of the virus. When COVID-19 infection rates spike in a particular region, our patient utilization volumes have generally been negatively impacted as hospitals face capacity limitations, staffing shortages and some in-patient treatments have been deferred.
A prolonged downturn in macroeconomic conditions may materially adversely affect our business.
An economic downturn in the U.S. and elsewhere, including as a result of a continued or future outbreak of COVID-19 or a similar infectious disease, reductions in the level of government funding for scientific research, increases in interest rates, inflation, among other factors, may cause our current or potential customers to delay or reduce purchases, which could, in turn, result in reductions in sales of our products, materially and adversely affecting our results of operations and cash flows. Volatility and disruption of global financial markets could limit our customers’ ability to obtain adequate financing to maintain operations and proceed with planned or new capital spending initiatives, leading to a reduction in sales volume that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. In addition, a decline in our customers’ ability to pay as a result of the economic downturn may lead to increased difficulties in the collection of our accounts receivable, higher levels of reserves for doubtful accounts and write-offs of accounts receivable, and higher operating costs as a percentage of revenues.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and inflation could result in declines in our reported sales and results of operations.
Because some of our international sales are denominated in local currencies and not in U.S. dollars, our reported sales and earnings are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the Euro and the Japanese yen. We do not hedge our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from international operations. As a result, revenues and expenses occurring in the future that are denominated in foreign currencies may be translated into U.S. dollars at less favorable rates, resulting in reduced revenues and earnings.
We experienced inflationary pressures in fiscal year 2022 and expect such pressures to continue in fiscal year 2023. Cost inflation, including increases in raw material prices, labor rates, and transportation costs may impact our profitability. Our ability to recover these cost increases through price increases may lag, resulting in downward pressure on our operating results. Any attempts to offset cost increases with price increases may result in reduced sales, increase customer dissatisfaction or otherwise harm our reputation.
Our business and operations are subject to risks related to climate change.
The effects of global climate change present risks to our business. Natural disasters, extreme weather and other conditions caused by or related to climate change could adversely impact our supply chain, including manufacturing and distribution networks, the availability and cost of raw materials and components, energy supply, transportation, or other inputs necessary for the operation of our business. Climate change and natural disasters could also result in physical damage to our facilities as well as those of our suppliers, customers, and other business partners, which could cause disruption in our business and operations. Our facilities and the manufacturing equipment we use to produce our products would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to repair or replace. The facilities may be affected by natural or man-made disasters and in the event they were affected by a disaster, we would be forced to rely on third-party manufacturers. Although we believe we possess adequate insurance for the disruption of our business from causalities, such insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.
Our business could be negatively impacted by corporate social responsibility and sustainability matters.
There has been an increased focus from investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders concerning corporate social responsibility and sustainability matters, including addressing climate change, which may result in increases in our costs to operate our business or restrict certain aspects of our activities. The standards by which corporate social responsibility and sustainability efforts and related matters are measured are developing and evolving, and certain areas are subject to assumptions that could change over time and the extent and severity of climate change impacts are unknown. In addition, we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals or perceived as not acting responsibly in connection with these matters. Any such matters could have a material adverse impact on our future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Operations
We depend on Impella® products and services for most of our revenues.
We derive, and expect to continue to derive in the near future, most of our revenues from sales of our Impella devices and related services. While we cannot fully predict what level of revenues our Impella devices will generate, we anticipate that Impella revenues will continue to account for most of our revenues in the near future. Implementation of our business strategy depends on continued revenues from of our Impella devices and services. Our ability to generate revenues from our Impella devices and services may be impaired by the factors described below:
•our failure to obtain approvals and maintain clearance from the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities or to comply with government regulations, or the withdrawal of market clearance or the taking of other enforcement actions that could limit or impair our ability to sell our products;
•announcements by the FDA relating to our products and their impact on market perception of our product, including short-term impact;
•lack of acceptance or continued acceptance by physicians, hospitals, or patients;
•our reliance on specialized suppliers for certain components and materials;
•manufacturing or quality control issues;
•reputational risk relating to customer reviews of our products;
•our inability to protect our proprietary technologies or an infringement of others’ patents;
•the loss of a distributor or a distributor’s failure to perform its obligations;
•our failure to compete successfully against our existing or potential competitors;
•additional risks associated with selling in international markets;
•long and variable sales and deployment cycles;
•failure by third-party payers to provide appropriate levels of reimbursement for hospitals and physicians using our products;
•our failure to comply with federal and state regulations;
•product liability claims; and
•technological breakthroughs resulting in product obsolescence.
If we fail to compete successfully against our existing or potential competitors, our revenues or operating results may be harmed.
Competition from other companies offering circulatory care products is intense and subject to rapid technological change and evolving industry requirements and standards. We compete with companies that have greater financial, product development, sales and marketing resources and experience than we do. Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to distinguish our company and our products from our competitors and their products. Factors affecting our competitive position include:
•the availability of other products and procedures that are technically equivalent or superior to our products, and which may be sold at lower prices;
•product performance and design;
•product safety;
•sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;
•comparable clinical outcomes;
•our ability to complete clinical trials and regulatory approval processes;
•success and timing of new product development and introductions;
•physician and hospital acceptance of our products and the amount of time to convert physicians and hospitals into users of our products;
•reimbursement approval from health care insurance providers and the cost-effectiveness of these reimbursements to our hospital customers;
•our ability to integrate potential acquired businesses into our operations;
•penetration into existing and new geographic markets; and
•intellectual property protection.
Our customers are primarily hospitals that have limited budgets. Physicians endorse our products to hospitals that will then choose to purchase our products and subsequently pass this cost on to patients or their insurance providers. Physicians will recommend our products based on public information regarding patient outcomes, clinical trials, and the costs and benefits of using our products when compared to other substitutes available in the market. As a result, our products compete against a broad range of medical devices and other therapies for these limited funds. Our success will depend in large part upon our ability to enhance our existing products, to develop new products to meet regulatory and customer requirements and to achieve and maintain market acceptance for our products. We believe that important competitive factors with respect to the development and commercialization of our products include the relative speed with which we can develop products, establish clinical utility, complete clinical trials and regulatory approval processes, obtain and protect reimbursement, maintain cost effectiveness for our products, and supply commercial quantities of our products to our customers.
Advances in medical technology, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals may reduce the size of the potential markets for our products or render our products obsolete. We are aware of other cardiac assist device research efforts in the U.S., Canada, Europe and Japan. In addition, there are a number of companies, including Cardiovascular Systems Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Medtronic, Edwards Lifesciences, Boston Scientific, LivaNova, Terumo Heart, Teleflex, Getinge (Maquet Cardiovascular) and several early-stage companies, that are developing medical devices that provide circulatory support and oxygenation, including implantable left ventricular assist devices, miniaturized rotary ventricular assist devices and cardiopulmonary bypass devices that directly and indirectly compete with our products.
The commercial success of our products will require acceptance by cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists, a limited number of whom have significant influence over medical device selection and purchasing decisions.
We may achieve our business objectives only if our products are accepted and recommended by leading cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists, whose decisions are likely to be based on a determination that our products are safe and effective and represent acceptable, cost-effective methods of treatment in light of reimbursement policies with respect to our products. The commercial success of Impella devices and our other products will also require that we continue our existing relationships and develop new relationships with leading cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists. We cannot assure you that we can maintain our existing relationships and arrangements with leading cardiac surgeons or interventional cardiologists or that we can establish new relationships in support of our products. If cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists do not consider our products to be adequate for the treatment of our target cardiac patient population or if a sufficient number of these clinicians recommend and use competing products, it would seriously harm our business.
Expansion into hospital cardiac centers that have not historically used our products may incur long sales and training cycles that may cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
Our products have lengthy sales cycles and we may incur substantial sales and marketing expenses and expend significant effort without making a sale. We sell primarily to hospitals that often have administrative requirements to introduce and expand a new technology, such as our Impella devices, at their sites. Even after making the decision to purchase our Impella devices, our customers often deploy our products slowly or infrequently. In addition, cardiac centers of hospitals that buy the majority of our products are usually led by cardiac surgeons who are heavily recruited by competing hospitals. When one of these cardiac surgeons moves to a new hospital, we sometimes experience a significant reduction in purchases by the hospital from which the physician has departed while it replaces the lead physician supporting our Impella devices. As a result, our revenues and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. In addition, product purchases often lag behind initial expressions of interest in our product by new centers due to training and education regarding the use of the products. Hospitals also need to perform internal administrative requirements prior to the initial implant procedures. These challenges in our sales initiatives may be further adversely impacted by the ongoing COVID-19
pandemic or similar infectious diseases. For more information, see “-We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including COVID-19.”
The training required for clinicians to use our products could reduce the market acceptance of our products and reduce our revenue.
Clinicians must be trained to use our products proficiently. It is critical to the success of our business that we ensure that there are a sufficient number of clinicians familiar with, trained on and proficient in the use of our products. Convincing clinicians to dedicate the time and energy necessary to obtain adequate training in the use of our products is challenging and we may not be successful in these efforts. Our physician education and training initiatives may also be impaired by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or similar infectious diseases requiring social distancing. If clinicians are not properly trained, they may misuse or ineffectively use our products. Any improper use of our products may result in unsatisfactory patient outcomes, patient injury, negative publicity or lawsuits against us, any of which could harm our reputation and affect future product sales. Furthermore, our inability to educate and train clinicians to use our products may lead to lower demand for our products.
If we do not effectively manage our growth, we may be unable to successfully develop, market and sell our products.
Our future revenue and operating results will depend on our ability to manage the anticipated growth of our business. We have experienced significant growth in recent years in which we have expanded our operations and we have increased our employee headcount. This growth has placed significant demands on our management as well as our financial and operational resources. In order to achieve our business objectives, we will need to continue to grow. However, continued growth presents numerous challenges, including:
•developing and retaining our global sales, marketing and administrative infrastructure and capabilities;
•expanding manufacturing capacity, maintaining quality and increasing production in an efficient manner;
•increasing our foreign and domestic regulatory compliance capabilities;
•implementing appropriate operational, financial and IT systems and internal controls;
•impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related remote working arrangements on our ability to support our customers;
•identifying, attracting and retaining qualified personnel, particularly experienced clinical staff; and
•hiring, training, managing and supervising our personnel worldwide.
Any failure to manage our growth effectively could impede our ability to successfully develop, market and sell our products, which could seriously harm our business.
The demand for our existing products and products under development is unproven, and we may be unable to successfully commercialize our products.
Our existing products, which have received regulatory approval for commercialization only in the last few years, and our products under development may not enjoy commercial acceptance or success, thus adversely affecting our business and operational results. We need to create new indications and geographic markets for our Impella devices and other existing products, as well as other new or future products, including achieving market acceptance among physicians, hospitals, patients and third-party payers. In particular, we must gain and maintain acceptance of our Impella devices among interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. The obstacles we will face in trying to create successful commercial markets for our products include:
•limitations inherent in first-generation devices, and our potential inability to develop successive improvements, including increases in service life and improvements in the ease of use of our products;
•introduction by other companies of new treatments, products and technologies that compete with our products;
•willingness of physicians to recommend the use of our products;
•timing and amount of reimbursement for these products, if any, by third-party payers, and the cost-effectiveness of using our products by our customers given these reimbursement considerations;
•potential reluctance of clinicians and hospitals to obtain and support adequate training to use our products;
•cost of our products; and
•potential reluctance of physicians, patients, hospitals and society as a whole to accept medical devices that replace or assist the heart and risk of mechanical failure inherent in such devices.
Several of these obstacles may be further exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (including new variants of COVID-19) or similar infectious diseases. For more information, see “-We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including COVID-19.”
Unsuccessful clinical trials or procedures relating to products under development could have a material adverse effect on our prospects.
The regulatory approval process for new products and new indications for existing products often requires extensive clinical trials and procedures, including early clinical feasibility studies. Unfavorable or inconsistent clinical data from current or future clinical trials or procedures conducted by us, our competitors, or third parties, or perceptions regarding such clinical data, whether or not true, could adversely affect both our ability to obtain necessary approvals and the market’s view of our future prospects. Such clinical trials and procedures are inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that these clinical trials or procedures will be completed in a timely or cost-effective manner or result in a commercially viable product or expanded indication. Failure to successfully complete these clinical trials or procedures in a timely and cost-effective manner could have a material adverse effect on our prospects. Clinical trials or procedures may experience significant setbacks even after earlier trials have shown promising results. Further, preliminary results from clinical trials or procedures may be contradicted by subsequent clinical analysis. In addition, results from our clinical trials or procedures may not be supported by actual long-term studies or clinical experience. If preliminary clinical results are later contradicted, or if initial results cannot be supported by actual long-term studies or clinical experience, our business could be adversely affected. Clinical trials or procedures may be delayed, suspended, or terminated by us, the FDA, or other regulatory authorities at any time, if it is believed that the trial participants face unacceptable health risks or for numerous other reasons. The FDA may disagree with our interpretation of the data from our clinical trials, or may find the clinical trial design, conduct or results inadequate to demonstrate safety and effectiveness of the product candidate. The FDA may also require additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials, which could further delay approval of our products.
Our future success depends in part on the development of new circulatory assist products, and our development efforts may not be successful.
We are devoting most of our research and development and regulatory efforts, and significant financial resources, to the development of our Impella devices and product extensions of existing commercial products and new products. The development of new products and product extensions presents enormous challenges in a variety of areas, including blood compatible surfaces, blood compatible flow, manufacturing techniques, pumping mechanisms, physiological control, energy transfer, anatomical fit and surgical techniques. We may be unable to overcome all of these challenges, which could adversely affect our results of operations and prospects and limit our ability to bring new products to market or make changes to enhance existing commercial products.
If we are unable to develop additional, high-quality manufacturing capacity, our growth may be limited and our business could be seriously harmed.
To be successful in the long-term, we will need to increase our manufacturing capacity to support continued demand for our products. We may encounter difficulties in scaling up manufacturing of our products, including problems related to product yields, quality control and assurance, component and service availability, dependable sources of supply, adequacy of internal control policies and procedures, ability to automate certain manufacturing processes and lack of skilled personnel. For more information, see “-We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including COVID-19.”
If we cannot hire, train and retain enough experienced and capable scientific, technical, and manufacturing employees, we may not be able to manufacture sufficient quantities of our existing or future products on time and at an acceptable cost, which could limit market acceptance of our products or otherwise damage our business. In order to meet the expected demand for our Impella devices, we have continued to implement process improvements on the Impella production line at our manufacturing facilities in Aachen, Germany, Danvers, Massachusetts to increase the output that we can produce at these facilities. In addition to programs designed to further increase yield and capacity levels, we have expanded manufacturing employment in recent years and increased manufacturing floor space in Danvers and Aachen. We continue to work on initiatives to expand our Impella manufacturing capacity in all our manufacturing facilities. We are also working with our existing suppliers and new suppliers to ensure we are able to have sufficient inventory as we increase our manufacturing capability to support growing demand. We are and will continue outsourcing certain sub assembly production to third-party suppliers. We are also working on process improvements, such as certain automation techniques, to allow us to manufacture our products more efficiently as much of our manufacturing process is labor dependent. If we are unable to implement these process improvements on a timely basis in order to meet customer demand, it could inhibit our future revenue growth.
We depend on third-party reimbursement to our customers for market acceptance of our products. If third-party payers fail to provide coverage and appropriate levels of reimbursement for the medical procedures in which our products are used, our sales and profitability would be adversely affected.
Sales of medical devices largely depend on the reimbursement of patients’ medical expenses by government healthcare programs and private health insurers. Without the financial support of government reimbursement or third-party insurers’ payments
for patient care, the market for our products will be limited. Medical products and devices incorporating new technologies are closely examined by governments and private insurers to determine whether the products and devices will be covered by reimbursement, and if so, the level of reimbursement which may apply.
In the U.S., future action by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS (which administers the Medicare program), other government agencies or private payors, may diminish payments to physicians, outpatient surgery centers and/or hospitals, which could harm our ability to market and sell our products. Private payors may adopt coverage decisions and payment amounts determined by CMS as guidelines in setting their coverage and reimbursement policies. Private payors that do not follow the Medicare guidelines may adopt different coverage and reimbursement policies for procedures performed with our products. In addition, for governmental programs, such as Medicaid, coverage and reimbursement differs from state to state. Medicaid payments to physicians and facilities are often lower than payments by other third parties, and some state Medicaid programs may not pay an adequate amount for the procedures performed with our products, if any payment is made at all. Internationally, medical reimbursement systems vary significantly from country to country, with some countries limiting medical centers spending through fixed budgets, regardless of levels of patient treatment, and other countries requiring application for, and approval of, government or third-party reimbursement. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business-Third-Party Reimbursement.”
In addition, third-party payers, including private and government insurers, are increasingly requiring evidence that medical devices are cost-effective. If we are unable to demonstrate that our devices are cost-effective, the third-party payer may not reimburse the use of our products, which could reduce sales of our products to healthcare providers who depend upon reimbursement for payment. We also cannot be sure that third-party payers will continue the current levels of reimbursement to physicians and medical centers for use of our products. Any reduction in the amount of this reimbursement could harm our business. Increasing awareness of healthcare costs, public interest in healthcare reform and continuing pressure from Medicare, Medicaid, group purchasing organizations and other payers to reduce costs in the healthcare industry, as well as increasing competition from other protective products, could make it more difficult for us to sell our products at current prices.
If our suppliers cannot provide the components we require, our ability to manufacture our products could be harmed.
We rely on third-party suppliers to provide us with many of the components used in our existing products and products in development. For example, we outsource the manufacturing of most of our consoles and the sterilization process for our products. Relying on third-party suppliers makes us vulnerable to component part failures or obsolescence and interruptions in supply, either of which could impair our ability to conduct clinical trials or to ship our products to our customers on a timely basis. Using third-party vendors makes it difficult and sometimes impossible for us to test fully certain components, such as components on circuit boards, maintain quality control, manage inventory and production schedules and control production costs. Many of our manufacturing suppliers may be required to comply with the FDA or other regulatory manufacturing regulations and to satisfy regulatory inspections in connection with the manufacture of the components. Any failure by a supplier to comply with applicable requirements could lead to a disruption in supply. Vendor lead times to supply us with ordered components vary significantly and often can exceed six months or more. Both now, and as we expand our manufacturing capacity, we cannot be sure that our suppliers will furnish us required components when we need them or be able to provide us with sufficient inventory to support our expected growth in demand for our products. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (including new variants of COVID-19) or similar infectious diseases may also create disruptions in our supply chain. For more information, see “-We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including COVID-19.” These factors could make it more difficult for us to manufacture our products effectively and efficiently and could adversely impact our results of operations.
Some of our suppliers may be the only source for a particular component, which makes us vulnerable to significant cost increases or shortage of supply. We have many foreign suppliers for some of our parts in which we are subject to currency exchange rate volatility. Some of our vendors are small in size and may have difficulty supplying the quantity and quality of materials required for our products as our business grows. Vendors that are the sole source of certain products may decide to limit or eliminate sales of certain components due to product liability or other concerns and we might not be able to find a suitable replacement for those products. Our inventory may run out before we find alternative suppliers and we might be forced to purchase excess inventory, if available, to last until we are able to qualify an alternate supplier. If we cannot obtain a necessary component, we may need to find, test and obtain regulatory approval or clearance for a replacement component, produce the component ourselves or redesign the related product, which would cause significant delay and could increase our manufacturing costs. Any of these events could adversely impact our results of operations.
We rely on distributors to sell our products in some international markets and poor performance by a distributor could reduce our sales and harm our business.
We rely on distributors to market and sell our products in certain parts of Europe, Asia, South America and the Middle East. Many of these distributors have the exclusive right to distribute our products in their territory. We may hire distributors to market our products in additional international markets in the future. Our success in these markets will depend almost entirely upon the efforts of our distributors, over whom we have little or no control. If a distributor does not market and sell our products effectively and maintain a continued focus on the sale, distribution and support of our products up to our standards, we could lose sales and impair our ability to compete and introduce our technology in that market. From time to time, these distributors could decide to reduce their levels of
inventory with regard to certain of our products due to various factors, which could have an adverse effect on our business depending on the extend of the distributor’s sales. Outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 or similar diseases, may also create disruptions in our distribution networks, especially in foreign markets that are forced to implement extended quarantine measures due to a lack of treatment and/or testing resources. For more information, see “-We are subject to risks associated with public health threats and epidemics, including COVID-19.” We are subject to credit risk and foreign currency risk associated with shipments to our distributors and this could negatively impact our financial condition and liquidity in the future.
We may not be successful in expanding our direct sales activities into international markets.
We are seeking to expand our international sales of our products by recruiting direct sales and support teams outside the U.S. Our international operations in Germany, Japan, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore and Australia are or will be subject to a number of risks, which may vary from the risks we experience in the U.S., including:
•the need to obtain regulatory approvals in foreign countries before our products may be sold or used;
•the need to procure reimbursement for our products in each foreign market;
•the generally lower level of reimbursement available in foreign markets relative to the U.S.;
•the requirement to work with distributors or other partners to sell our products in international markets;
•longer sales cycles;
•uncertainty with respect to enforcement of legal rights by local regulatory or judicial authorities;
•limited protection of intellectual property rights;
•difficulty and delays in collecting accounts receivable;
•different income tax and sales tax environments;
•difficulty in supporting patients using our products;
•difficulty in attracting employees in foreign countries who want to work for a smaller U.S. based company;
•different payroll, employee benefits and statutory requirements;
•the adoption and expansion of trade restrictions, including the occurrence or escalation of a “trade war,” the imposition or modification of sanctions or other governmental action related to tariffs or trade agreements or policies among the governments of the United States, China and other countries;
•regulatory changes and economic conditions leading up to and following “Brexit” (the United Kingdom’s recent exit from the European Union), including uncertainties as to its timing and its effect on trade laws, tariffs and taxes;
•fluctuations in the values of foreign currencies; and
•political and economic instability.
If we are unable to effectively expand our sales activities in international markets, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.
The operating results we have achieved in recent years may not be indicative of our ability to sustain profitability and our results may fluctuate unpredictably
We recognized net income of $136.5 million, $225.5 million and $203.0 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Factors that may cause our operating results to fluctuate may include:
•costs related to new business development initiatives, such as potential acquisitions of new businesses;
•integration of newly-acquired companies and related products and technologies such as Breethe and the OXY-1 System and preCARDIA, respectively, into our operations and product lines;
•competitive changes, such as price changes or new product introductions that we or our competitors may make;
•reputational risk relating to customer reviews of our products;
•changes in demand for our products and timing of customer orders and deliveries;
•seasonality of sales in the U.S., European and Japanese markets, where summer vacation schedules normally result in fewer medical procedures during the first half of our fiscal year;
•the recent expansion of our global distribution network;
•investments in new geographic markets;
•the impact of additional investments to expand manufacturing capacity on cost of product sales;
•legal expenses related to patent litigation and other matters;
•costs associated with hiring additional personnel, performing clinical trials, continuing our research and development relating to our products under development, seeking regulatory approvals and, if we receive these approvals, commencing commercial manufacturing and marketing activities;
•expanded marketing initiatives, particularly with recent PMAs in the U.S.;
•increase in stock-based compensation as we hire new employees and our stock prices has continued or could expect to continue to increase in the future;
•significant expenditures necessary to market and manufacture in commercial quantities our approved circulatory care products;
•gains or losses on our portfolio investments, such as Shockwave Medical, Inc. (“Shockwave Medical”);
•efforts by governments, insurance companies and others to contain healthcare costs, including changes to reimbursement policies and their impact on hospitals’ ability to purchase our products;
•the impact of the adoption of certain accounting standards;
•the impact of a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, on our and our customers’ ability to operate to full capacity
We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our historical results are not necessarily meaningful and investors should not rely on them as an indication of our future performance. To the extent we experience the factors described above, our future operating results may not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
We may not have sufficient funds to develop and commercialize our new products or make acquisitions of desirable companies, products or technologies.
The development, manufacture and sale of any medical device is very expensive, and we may require additional funds to make acquisitions of desirable companies, products or technologies. We cannot be sure that we will have the necessary funds to develop and commercialize our new products or acquire companies, products or technologies, or that additional funds will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. We currently have no debt, and new sources of capital may not be available to us when we need it or may be available only on terms that we would find unacceptable. If we are unable to obtain the necessary funding to support these efforts, our business may be adversely affected. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to finance our operations for at least the next fiscal year based on available working capital and cash from operations. We also may evaluate other financing alternatives as necessary to fund operations, and any equity or convertible debt financing may involve dilution to our existing stockholders.
Quality issues may result in inventory write-downs and other costs.
Government regulations require us to track materials used in the manufacture of our products, so that if an issue is identified in one product it can be traced to other products that may have the same issue. An identified quality issues may require reworking or scrapping related inventory and/or recalling previous shipments. Because a malfunction in our products can possibly be life-threatening, we may be required to recall and replace, free of charge, products already in the marketplace. Any quality issue could cause us to incur significant expenses, lead to significant write-offs of inventory, injure our reputation and harm our business and financial results.
If we acquire other companies or businesses, we will be subject to risks that could hurt our business.
In May 2021, we acquired 100% interest in preCARDIA in order to complement our product portfolio to expand options for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (“ADHF”). In April 2020, we completed the acquisition of Breethe with an aim to complement and expand our product portfolio with Breethe’s novel extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system. We may pursue acquisitions in the future to obtain complementary businesses, products or technologies. Any such acquisition may not produce the revenues, earnings or business synergies that we anticipate and could be dilutive to earnings. An acquired business, product, or technology might not perform as we expect. Our management could spend a significant amount of time, effort and money in identifying, pursuing and completing the acquisition. If we complete an acquisition, we may encounter significant difficulties and incur sizable expenses in integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired company into our operations. For more information
on our acquisitions, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Acquisition of preCARDIA and Acquisition of Breethe, Inc.”
We may lose the services of key employees of the acquired company and we may make changes in management that impair the acquired company’s relationships with its legacy employees, vendors and customers. Furthermore, we may acquire development-stage companies that are not yet profitable, that require continued investment or become subject to events that could impair the value of our investment, which could decrease our future earnings. We may also assume significant liabilities in such a transaction.
Any of these outcomes could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of an acquisition. To pay for an acquisition, we might use stock or cash. Alternatively, we might borrow money from a bank or other lender. If we use stock, our stockholders would experience dilution of their ownership interests. If we use cash or debt financing, our financial liquidity would be reduced.
If we include future milestones as part of the potential purchase price of an acquisition, then we will have to estimate the value of these milestones each reporting period and any changes underlying these estimates with respect to expected timing or valuation of these milestones could have a volatile impact on our earnings. See “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation- Acquisition of preCARDIA and Acquisition of Breethe, Inc.” We periodically make investments in medical device companies that focus on heart failure and heart pumps and other medical device technologies. The aggregate carrying amount of our portfolio of investments in medical device companies, including Shockwave Medical was $131.8 million and $101.6 million as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is classified within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Because healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade, numerous initiatives and reforms initiated by legislators, regulators and third-party payers to curb these costs have resulted in a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to aggregate purchasing power. As the healthcare industry consolidates, competition to provide products and services to industry participants has become and will continue to become more intense. This in turn has resulted and will likely continue to result in greater pricing pressures and the exclusion of certain suppliers from important market segments as group purchasing organizations, independent delivery networks and large single accounts continue to use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for hospitals. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party coverage and reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to change the worldwide healthcare industry, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers, which may reduce competition, exert further downward pressure on the prices of our products and may adversely impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.
If we cannot attract and retain key management, scientific, sales and other personnel we need, we will not be successful.
We depend heavily on the contributions of the principal members of our business, such as financial, technical, sales and support, regulatory and clinical, operating, manufacturing and administrative management and staff, many of whom would be difficult to replace. Our key personnel include our senior officers, many of whom have very specialized scientific, medical or operational knowledge. The loss of the service of any of the key members of our senior management team, whether due to dismissal, resignation or illness, may significantly delay or prevent our achievement of our business objectives and divert remaining management’s attention to seeking qualified replacements. Our ability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel, consultants and advisors is critical to our success. For example, many members of our clinical staff are registered nurses with experience in the surgery suite or cath lab, of which only a limited number of whom seek employment with a company like ours. Competition for skilled and experienced personnel in the medical device industry is intense. We face competition for skilled and experienced management, scientific, clinical, engineering and sales personnel from numerous medical device and life sciences companies, hospitals, universities, governmental entities and other research institutions. Hiring efforts may also be compounded by intensified restrictions on travel (including during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic). If we lose the services of any of the principal members of our management and staff and have not developed adequate succession plans, or if we are unable to attract, train and retain qualified personnel in the future, especially scientific, clinical and sales personnel, our business could be adversely affected.
Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks
If we fail to obtain and maintain necessary governmental approvals for our products and indications, we may be unable to market and sell our products in certain jurisdictions.
Medical devices such as ours are extensively regulated by the FDA in the U.S. and by other federal, state, local and foreign authorities. Governmental regulations relate to the testing, development, manufacturing, labeling, design, sale, promotion, distribution, importing, exporting and shipping of our products. In the U.S., before we can market a new medical device, or a new use of, or claim for, or significant modification to, an existing product, we must generally first receive Premarket Approval (“PMA”) from the FDA. This process can be expensive and lengthy, and can entail significant expenses, primarily related to clinical trials. It generally takes between one to three years to receive approval, or even longer, from the time the PMA application is submitted to the FDA. Regulatory clearances or approvals, either foreign or domestic, may not be granted on a timely basis, if at all. If we are unable to
obtain regulatory approvals or clearances for use of our products under development, or if the patient populations for which they are approved are not sufficiently broad, the commercial success of these products could be limited. The FDA may also limit the claims that we can make about our products. Any significant modifications to the design, materials, or intended use of those devices require FDA approval through PMA or humanitarian device extension (“HDE”) supplemental applications.
If we do not receive FDA approval for one or more of our products, we will be unable to market and sell those products in the U.S., which would have a material adverse effect on our operations and prospects.
We also market or are beginning to market our products in international markets, including the European Union, Canada, and Japan. Regulatory approval processes differ among those jurisdictions and approval in the U.S. or any other single jurisdiction does not guarantee approval in any other jurisdiction. Obtaining foreign approvals could involve significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and could require additional clinical trials.
If the FDA or another regulatory or enforcement agency determines that we have promoted our products for one or more off-label uses, we may be subject to various penalties, including civil or criminal penalties.
The FDA, the U.S. Department of Justice, the Office of the Inspector General of Department of Health and Human Services, and other regulatory or enforcement agencies actively enforce regulations prohibiting the promotion of unapproved medical devices and the promotion of otherwise approved or cleared medical devices for unapproved uses. If any such agency determines that our promotional materials or training constitutes promotion of an unapproved use, it could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory enforcement actions, including the issuance of a warning letter, injunction, recall or withdrawal, seizure, civil fine and criminal penalties. Although our policy is to refrain from statements that could be considered off-label promotion of our products, such agencies could disagree and conclude that we have engaged in off-label promotion.
To the extent a regulatory agency commences an investigation in the future, we may not be able to resolve that matter, without incurring penalties or facing significant consequences. Even if we are successful in resolving such a matter without incurring penalties, responding to a subpoena or other government inquiry could result in substantial costs and could significantly and adversely impact our reputation and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and ability to finance our operations.
Finally, the ability of the FDA to review and clear or approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory, and policy changes. These factors could affect our ability to develop or commercialize new products in a timely manner, which could negatively impact our business.
Off-label use of our products may result in injuries that lead to product liability suits, which could be costly to our business.
The use of our products outside their approved indications for use, or “off-label use,” may increase the risk of injury to patients. Clinicians may use our products for off-label uses, as the FDA does not restrict or regulate a clinician’s choice of treatment within the practice of medicine. Off-label use of our products may increase the risk of product liability claims against us. Product liability claims are expensive to defend and could divert our management’s attention and result in substantial damage awards against us.
Product liability claims could damage our reputation and adversely affect our financial results.
The clinical use of medical products, even after regulatory approval, poses an inherent risk of product liability claims. We maintain limited product liability insurance coverage, subject to certain deductibles and exclusions. We cannot be sure that product liability insurance will be available in the future or will be available on acceptable terms or at reasonable costs, or that such insurance will provide us with adequate coverage against potential liabilities. We have been and anticipate that as part of our ordinary course of business we may be, subject to product liability claims alleging defects in the design, manufacture or labeling of our products. Claims against us, regardless of their merit or potential outcome, may also hurt our ability to obtain physician endorsement of our products or expand our business. As we continue to expand use or our existing products and introduce more products, we face an increased risk that a material product liability claim will be brought against us.
Some of our products are designed for patients who suffer from late-stage or end-stage heart failure, and many of these patients do not survive, even when supported by our products. There are many factors beyond our control that could result in patient death, including the condition of the patient prior to use of the product, the skill and reliability of physicians and hospital personnel using and monitoring the product and product maintenance by customers. However, the failure of our products used for clinical testing or sale could give rise to product liability claims and negative publicity.
The risk of product liability claims is heightened when we sell products that are intended to support a patient until the end of life. The finite life of our products, as well as complications associated with their use, could give rise to product liability claims whether or not the products have extended or improved the quality of a patient’s life. If we are forced to pay product liability claims in excess of our insurance coverage, our financial condition will be adversely affected.
Our products are subject to extensive regulatory requirements, including continuing regulatory review, which could affect the manufacturing and marketing of our products.
The FDA and other regulatory agencies continue to review products even after they have received initial approval. If and when the FDA or another regulatory agency clears or approves our products under development, the manufacture and marketing of these products will be subject to continuing regulation, post-approval clinical studies, including compliance with the FDA’s adverse event reporting requirements, prohibitions on promoting a product for unapproved uses, and Quality System Regulation, or QSR, requirements, which obligate manufacturers, including third-party and contract manufacturers, to adhere to stringent design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during the design and manufacture of a device.
Any modification to an FDA approved device that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, requires a supplemental PMA, HDE or EUA approval. The FDA requires each manufacturer to determine in the first instance whether a modification requires approval, but the FDA may review and potentially disagree with any such decision. Modifications of this type are common with new products. We anticipate that the first generation of each of our products will undergo a number of changes, refinements, enhancements and improvements over time. If the FDA requires us to seek approval for modification of a previously approved product for which we have concluded that new clearances or approvals are unnecessary, we may be required to cease marketing or to recall the modified product until we obtain clearance or approval and we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and competitive position. We also cannot assure you that we will be successful in obtaining clearances or approvals for our modifications, if required. We and our third-party suppliers of product components are also subject to inspection and market surveillance by the FDA and other regulatory agencies for QSR and other requirements, the interpretation of which can change. Compliance with QSR and similar legal requirements can be difficult and expensive. While we continue to monitor our quality management in order to improve our overall level of compliance, our facilities are subject to periodic and unannounced inspection by U.S. and foreign regulatory agencies to audit compliance with the QSR and comparable foreign regulations. Enforcement actions resulting from failure to comply with government requirements could result in fines, suspensions of approvals or clearances, recalls or seizure of products, operating restrictions or shutdown, and criminal prosecutions that could adversely affect the manufacture and marketing of our products. The FDA or another regulatory agency could withdraw a previously approved product from the market upon receipt of newly discovered information, including a failure to comply with regulatory requirements, the occurrence of unanticipated safety problems of other defects in products following approval, or other reasons, which could adversely affect our operating results.
Even after receiving regulatory clearance or approval, our products may be subject to product recalls, which could harm our reputation and divert our managerial and financial resources.
The FDA and similar governmental authorities in other countries have the authority to order mandatory recall of our products or order their removal from the market if the government finds that our products might cause adverse health consequences or death. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us could occur as a result of component failures, manufacturing errors by us or our suppliers or design defects, including labeling defects, or unanticipated safety problems. We have in the past initiated voluntary recalls for some of our products and we could do so in the future. Any recall of our products may harm our reputation with customers and divert managerial and financial resources.
Changes in healthcare policy and reimbursement systems in the U.S. and abroad could reduce our revenues and profitability.
Political, economic and policy influences are leading the healthcare industry to make substantial structural and financial changes that will continue affecting our results of operations. Government and private sector initiatives limiting the growth of healthcare costs (including price regulation), coverage and payment policies, comparative effectiveness of therapies, technology assessments and healthcare delivery structure reforms, are continuing in many countries where we do business. In March 2010, the U.S. federal government enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (the “ACA”), which made changes to the manner in which many healthcare services are provided and paid for in the U.S. The ACA includes provisions that, among other things, reduce or limit Medicare reimbursement, require all individuals to have health insurance (with limited exceptions) and impose increased taxes on certain companies and individuals. Since its enactment, there have been numerous judicial, administrative, executive, and legislative challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA in the future which could change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and which may significantly impact our industry and our business. Various portions of the ACA are currently undergoing legal and constitutional challenges in federal court, including a case challenging the constitutionality of the ACA’s individual mandate which is currently before the U.S. Supreme Court. Pending the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision, the ACA remains in effect, but it is unclear how this decision, and other efforts to repeal or further modify the ACA, particularly given the new administration, will impact the ACA and consequently our business.
Moreover, any such future actions may have significant impact on the reimbursement for healthcare services generally, including reducing significantly the number of individuals who have health insurance that can pay for our products, which could lead our health care provider customers to be more cost conscious. At the same time, certain members of the U.S. Congress have proposed measures that would expand the role of government-sponsored coverage, including single payer or so-called “Medicare-for-All” proposals, which could have far-reaching implications for the healthcare industry if enacted. Such a system could reduce our
customers’ revenues, such as Medicare and other public reimbursement rates, on average could be lower than existing commercial health plan reimbursement rates. Even if legislation creating such a single-payer system is not enacted in the near term, continued introduction of legislation promoting a single-payer system by several members of the U.S. Congress could increase uncertainty for our customers and cause them to delay purchases of our products and services. Accordingly, our business and results of operations could therefore be adversely affected by any future federal or state healthcare reform legislation or regulation. In sum, even if we succeed in bringing our new products to market, uncertainties regarding future healthcare policy, legislation and regulation, as well as private market practices, could affect our ability to sell our products in commercially acceptable quantities at profitable prices in certain countries.
We must comply with healthcare “fraud and abuse” laws, and we could face penalties for non-compliance and be excluded from government healthcare programs, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain federal and state healthcare laws and regulations pertaining to fraud and abuse and patients’ rights may be applicable to our business. We may be subject to healthcare fraud and abuse regulation and patient privacy regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. The laws and regulations that govern our business operations, products, and technologies, and may affect our ability to operate, include, among others, those listed in “Part I, Item 1. Business-Government Regulation and Other Matters-Postmarket Regulation.”
To assist in our compliance efforts, we must adhere to many codes of ethics and conduct regarding our sales and marketing activities in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in criminal liability, significant fines or penalties, negative publicity, and substantial costs and expenses associated with investigation, enforcement activities, and individual settlement agreements that impose a government monitor for a period of several years.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anticorruption laws, as well as export control laws, import and customs laws, trade and economic sanctions laws and other laws governing our operations.
Our operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we do business. The FCPA and these other laws generally prohibit us and our employees and intermediaries from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper or prohibited payments, or anything else of value, to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage.
We and those acting on our behalf operate in a number of jurisdictions where companies in the medical device and life science industries are exposed to a high risk of potential FCPA violations associated with sales to healthcare professionals and institutions. We participate in transactions with third parties whose corrupt or illegal activities could potentially subject us to liability under the FCPA or local anti-corruption laws, even if we do not explicitly authorize or have actual knowledge of such activities. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted. Compliance with the FCPA and these other laws is expensive and difficult, particularly in countries in which corruption is a recognized problem. In addition, anti-corruption laws present particular challenges in the medical device industry, because, in many countries, hospitals are operated by the government, and doctors and other hospital employees are considered foreign officials. Certain payments to hospitals in connection with clinical trials and other work have been deemed to be improper payments to government officials and have led to enforcement actions. We are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations.
There is no assurance that we will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA or other legal requirements. If we are not in compliance with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other sanctions and remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Likewise, any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws could also have an adverse impact on our reputation, our business, results of operations and financial condition. Further, the failure to comply with laws governing international business practices may result in civil and criminal penalties and suspension or debarment from government contracting.
Any failure to achieve and maintain the high manufacturing standards that our products require may seriously harm our business.
Our products require precise, high-quality manufacturing. Achieving precision and quality control requires skill and diligence by our personnel as well as our vendors. Any failure to achieve and maintain these high manufacturing standards, including the incidence of manufacturing errors, design defects or component failures could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in product testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that could seriously hurt our business. Despite our very high manufacturing standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of errors, defects or failures. If we or our vendors are unable to manufacture our products in accordance with necessary quality standards, or if we are unable to procure additional high-quality manufacturing facilities, our business and results of operations may be negatively affected.
The economic effects of “Brexit” may affect relationships with existing and future customers and could have an adverse impact on our business and operating results.
In June 2016, the United Kingdom held a referendum in which voters approved what is commonly referred to as Brexit, and following protracted negotiations, the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union on January 31, 2020. A transition period ended on December 31, 2020, during which the United Kingdom and the European Union negotiated the terms of the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Union going forward, and implemented the European Union-United Kingdom Trade and Cooperation Agreement beginning on January 1, 2021. The effects of and the perceptions as to the impact from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union has and may continue to adversely affect business activity and economic and market conditions in the United Kingdom, the Eurozone, and globally, and could contribute to instability in global financial and foreign exchange markets, including volatility in the value of the pound sterling and the euro. In addition, Brexit and the implementation of the European Union-United Kingdom Trade and Cooperation Agreement could lead to additional. long-term political, economic, financial, trade and legal implications and have regulatory impacts applicable to our business globally and specifically in the region. If the United Kingdom were to significantly alter its regulations affecting the medical device industry, we could face significant new costs. It may also be time-consuming and expensive for us to alter our internal operations in order to comply with new regulations.
Additionally, as a result of Brexit, the global markets and currencies have been adversely impacted. A potential devaluation of the local currencies of our international buyers relative to the U.S. dollar may impair the purchasing power of our international buyers and could cause international buyers to decrease their participation in our marketplaces or use of our products. Finally, Brexit could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which E.U. laws to replace or replicate, and those laws and regulations may be cumbersome, difficult or costly in terms of compliance. Any of these effects of Brexit, among others, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
We may undergo an “ownership change” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would limit our ability to utilize net operating losses and income tax credit carryforwards from prior tax years.
If we undergo an “ownership change” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our ability to utilize net operating loss and income tax credit carryforwards from prior years to reduce income taxes in future tax years might be limited by the Internal Revenue Code, either by limiting the amount of net operating losses or income tax credits that can be utilized to offset income taxes in a given year, or in total over the entire carryforward period. Certain changes in the ownership of our common stock may result in an ownership change sufficient to limit the availability of our net operating losses and income tax credit carryforwards. Net operating losses, foreign tax credits and research and development credits have expiry dates in the U.S. and the ability to fully utilize them will be dependent upon generating taxable income in the future. The potential benefits of net operating losses and other carryforwards may be limited as a result of examinations and audits by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and other taxing authorities. We also have net operating loss carryforwards in other countries outside of the U.S. and our ability to use those losses in the future to offset taxable income could be limited by tax regulations in those countries.
Compliance with and changes in tax laws could materially and adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our tax returns and other tax matters are subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities and governmental bodies. We regularly assess the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for taxes. We cannot guarantee the outcome of these examinations. If our effective tax rates were to increase, particularly in the United States, or in other countries implementing legislation to reform existing tax legislation, including the European Union and Germany, or if the ultimate determination of our taxes owed is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be adversely affected.
The current U.S. presidential administration may implement changes to U.S. tax policy, including an increase in the U.S. corporate income tax rate. If any or all of these (or similar) proposals are ultimately enacted into law, in whole or in part, they could have a negative impact to our effective tax rate.
Additionally, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”), the European Commission (the “EC”) and individual taxing jurisdictions where we and our affiliates do business have recently focused on issues related to the taxation of multinational corporations. The OECD has released its comprehensive plan to create an agreed set of international rules for fighting base erosion and profit shifting. In addition, the OECD, the EC and individual countries are examining changes to how taxing rights should be allocated among countries considering the digital economy. As a result, the tax laws in the U.S. and other countries in which we and our affiliates do business could change on a prospective or retroactive basis and any such changes could materially adversely affect our business.
Overall, we are unable to predict what tax changes may be enacted in the future, but U.S. tax changes or changes in how international subsidiaries are taxed, including changes in how existing tax laws are interpreted or enforced, changes to U.S. corporate income tax rates or changes to accounting standards, elections or assertions could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial condition, and/or results of operations. The uncertainty surrounding the effect of reforms on our financial results
and business could also weaken confidence among investors in our financial condition. This could, in turn, have a materially adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
Environmental, health and safety laws, including recent environmental regulatory action regarding medical device sterilization facilities, may result in liabilities, expenses and restrictions on our operations.
Our facilities and operations, including the manufacturing of our biomaterials, are subject to various, comprehensive and frequently changing federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding environmental protection, hazardous substances and health and safety. These requirements govern, among other things, safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, the handling, storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes and, if any, the associated cleanup of properties affected by discharges, releases or exposure to pollutants, air emissions, wastewater, and occupational and human health and safety, and may adversely affect our business. In particular, the use hazardous substances in connection with our research and development and manufacturing activities exposes us to the risk of accidental injury, contamination or other liability. If our or our suppliers’ operations result in pollution of the environment or expose individuals to hazardous substances, we could be liable for damages, expenses, and fines, and any liability could significantly exceed our insurance coverage and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Environmental laws also impose obligations and liability for cleanup of properties affected by hazardous materials, wastes and substance spoils or releases, which can be imposed on the parties generating or disposing of such substances or the operator of the affected property, often without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of hazardous substances. Additionally, increased costs on our suppliers stemming from compliance with new or existing environmental or health safety laws and regulations may adversely affect us, as such laws and regulations could result in operational impacts, including facility shutdowns. Suppliers may also choose to pass compliance costs to us in the form of adjusted pricing.
Recent environmental regulatory action regarding medical device sterilization may adversely impact us in the ways described above, although the outcome of this action currently remains uncertain. Many of our products require sterilization prior to sale, and we contract with third-party sterilizers to perform this service, including ethylene oxide sterilizers. In June 2020, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, finalized amendments to national emissions standards to reduce hazardous air pollutants, including emissions of ethylene oxide, by adding requirements for process vents, storage tanks, equipment in ethylene oxide service, and updating requirements for flares controlling ethylene oxide emissions, heat exchange systems, and equipment leaks. Additional regulation to address ethylene oxide emissions at sterilization facilities is expected in 2021, including revisions to the EPA’s national emissions standards for such facilities. The EPA is currently conducting a registration review of ethylene oxide to ensure that it can carry out its intended function without creating unreasonable risks to human health and the environment. EPA regulates ethylene oxide’s use as a sterilant, which is considered an antimicrobial pesticide under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
Throughout the end of 2019 and 2020, state agencies shut down and/or temporarily suspended operations at ethylene oxide sterilization facilities in Illinois, Michigan, Georgia and Delaware. The EPA stated that it will continue to coordinate with state and local air agencies that have been working to reduce ethylene oxide emissions in their jurisdictions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although the EPA’s Office of Inspector General released a report in March 2020 recommending that the EPA provide residents in all communities near 25 high-priority ethylene oxide-emitting facilities with a forum with the EPA or state personnel regarding exposure to ethylene oxide, the EPA Administrator immediately critiqued the report and requested that it be rescinded for appropriate revision. The FDA also voiced concerns that shutdowns may diminish the supply of available sterilization facilities and cause medical device shortages. Certain of the previously shut down facilities were permitted to resume certain operations due to increased emissions controls and/or the need to sterilize protective equipment during the pandemic.
It is currently uncertain to what extent facilities that resumed operations in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will be shut down again for environmental, health and safety concerns, or whether any additional shut-down facilities will reopen or other facilities will be required to shut down. While the sterilization facilities previously or currently shut down or suspended do not sterilize our products and are not otherwise in our supply chain, and our suppliers are not affected directly by these regulatory actions, increased scrutiny and regulation of ethylene oxide sterilization facilities in the U.S. could create additional costs for our suppliers, who may be required to take steps with respect to their sterilization processes. These costs could, in turn, be passed on to us and adversely affect our business. Also, to the extent we or our contract sterilizers are unable to sterilize our products, whether due to these regulatory or other constraints (such as capacity or availability of materials for sterilization), we may be unable to transition to other contract sterilizers, sterilizer locations or sterilization methods in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all. Failure to transition our processes due to decreased third-party sterilization capacity could have a materially adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property, Privacy and Security
We own patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and other intellectual property and know-how that we believe give us a competitive advantage. If we cannot protect our intellectual property, both domestically and internationally, and develop or otherwise acquire additional intellectual property, competition could force us to lower our prices, which could hurt our profitability.
Our intellectual property rights are and will continue to be a critical component of our success. We rely and expect to continue to rely on a combination of intellectual property, including patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret and domain name protection laws, as well as confidentiality agreements with our employees and others, to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. If we fail to obtain and maintain adequate intellectual property protection, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary technologies or from marketing products that are very similar or identical to ours.
A substantial portion of our intellectual property rights relating to the Impella devices and other products under development is in the form of trade secrets and patents. Unlike patents, trade secrets are only recognized under applicable law if they are kept secret by restricting their disclosure to third parties. We protect our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge in part through confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and other parties. However, certain consultants and third parties with whom we have business relationships, and to whom in some cases we have disclosed trade secrets and other proprietary knowledge, may also provide services to other parties in the medical device industry, including companies, universities and research organizations that are developing or marketing competing products. In addition, some of our former employees who were aware of certain of our trade secrets and other proprietary knowledge in the course of their employment may seek employment with, and become employed by, our competitors. We cannot be assured that consultants, employees and other third parties with whom we have entered into confidentiality agreements will not breach the terms of such agreements by improperly using or disclosing our trade secrets or other proprietary knowledge, that we will have adequate remedies for any such breach, or that our trade secrets will not become known to or be independently developed by our competitors. The loss of trade secret protection for technologies or know-how relating to our product portfolio and products under development could adversely affect our business and our prospects.
Our business position also depends in part on our ability to maintain and defend our existing patents and obtain, maintain, and defend additional patents and other intellectual property rights. We intend to seek additional patents, but our pending and future patent applications may not result in issued patents or be granted on a timely basis. In addition, issued patents may not contain claims sufficiently broad to protect us against third parties with similar technologies or products or provide us with any competitive advantage, including exclusivity in a particular product area. The scope of our patent claims also may vary between countries, as individual countries have distinctive patent laws. We may be subject to challenges by third parties regarding our intellectual property, including, among others, claims regarding validity, enforceability, scope and effective term. Patent prosecution, related proceedings, and litigation in the U.S. and in other countries may be expensive, time consuming and ultimately unsuccessful. In addition, patents issued by foreign countries may afford less protection than is available under U.S. patent law and may not adequately protect our proprietary information. Our competitors may independently develop proprietary technologies and processes that are the same as or substantially equivalent to ours or design around our patents. Our competition may also hold or obtain intellectual property rights that would threaten our ability to develop or commercialize our product offerings. The expiration of patents on which we rely for protection of key products could diminish our competitive advantage and adversely affect our business and our prospects.
Companies in the medical device industry typically obtain patents and frequently engage in intellectual property litigation. Our products and technologies could infringe on the rights of others. If a third party successfully asserts a claim for infringement against us, we may be liable for substantial damages, be unable to sell products using that technology, or have to seek a license or redesign the related product. These alternatives may be uneconomical or impossible. Intellectual property litigation could be costly, result in product development delays and divert the efforts and attention of management from our business.
For a discussion of our material legal proceedings, including those related to patent matters, as of March 31, 2022, see “Note 16. Commitment and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements in this Report, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
Claims that our current or future products infringe or misappropriate the proprietary rights of others could adversely affect our ability to sell those products and cause us to incur additional costs.
Patents and other proprietary rights are and will continue to be essential to our business, and our ability to compete effectively with other companies will be dependent upon the proprietary nature of our technologies. Others may hold or obtain patents that cover aspects or uses of our innovations. The patents of others may render our patents obsolete, limit our ability to patent or practice our innovations, or otherwise have an adverse effect on our ability to conduct business. Because foreign patents may afford less protection than U.S. patents, our foreign patent estate may not adequately protect our technology. We also own or have rights to certain pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. We believe patents will issue pursuant to such applications but cannot guarantee it. Moreover, neither the timing of any issuance, the scope of protection, nor the actual issue date of these pending applications can be forecasted with precision
The medical device industry is characterized by a large number of patents and by frequent and consequential intellectual property litigation. Our products and technologies could infringe on the proprietary rights of third parties. If third parties successfully assert infringement or other claims against us, we may not be able to sell our products or we may have to pay significant damages and ongoing royalties. In addition, patent or intellectual property disputes or litigation may be costly, result in product development delays, or divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel. If any such disputes or litigation arise, we may seek to enter into a royalty or licensing arrangement. However, such an arrangement may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. We may decide, in the alternative, to litigate the claims or seek to design around the patented or otherwise protected proprietary technology, which may also be costly and time consuming.
The U.S. government may obtain certain rights to use or disclose technical data developed under government contracts that supported the development of some of our products. We retain the right to obtain patents on any inventions developed under those contracts, provided we follow prescribed procedures and are subject to a non-exclusive, non-transferable, royalty-free license to the U.S. government.
If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business.
Our business requires us to use and store personally identifiable information of our customers, vendors, employees and business partners and, in certain instances patients treated with our products in the clinical setting. We are subject to various domestic and international privacy and security regulations, including but not limited to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) and the GDPR.
HIPAA mandates, among other things, the adoption of uniform standards for the electronic exchange of information in common healthcare transactions, as well as standards relating to the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information, which require the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect such information. Noncompliance with HIPAA requirements can result in administrative, criminal and civil penalties. Many states have enacted comparable laws addressing the privacy and security of health information, some of which are more stringent than HIPAA. In addition, the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, which grants expanded rights to access and delete personal information and opt out of certain personal information sharing, among other things, became effective on January 1, 2020 and was expanded to include additional consumer rights and business obligations when the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) goes into effect on January 1, 2023. Additional states have enacted, or are proposing similar, data privacy legislation.
The GDPR is a comprehensive update to the data protection regime in the European Economic Area which imposes requirements relating to, among other things, consent to process personal data of individuals, the information provided to individuals regarding the processing of their personal data, the security and confidentiality of personal data, and notifications in the event of data breaches and use of data by third party processors.
We are also subject to laws and regulations with respect to cross-border transfers of such data out of certain jurisdictions in which we operate, including the EU. If we are unable to transfer data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we provide our services or adversely affect our financial results.
Due to the geographic scope of our operations, HIPAA, the CCPA, the GDPR and other privacy and security-related laws and regulations, which are currently in effect or may come into effect, may increase our responsibility and liability in relation to personal data that we process. We may in turn be required to put in place additional mechanisms ensuring compliance with privacy laws and regulations. If we or any of our service providers are found to be in violation of the promulgated patient privacy rules under various regimes, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities, harm our reputation, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Disruptions of critical information systems or material breaches in the security of our systems could harm our business, customer relations and financial condition.
We rely in part on information technology, or IT, to store information, communicate with our business partners, interface with customers, maintain financial accuracy, secure our data and accurately produce our financial statements. If our IT systems do not effectively and securely collect, store, process and report relevant data for the operation of our business, whether due to equipment malfunction or constraints, software deficiencies or human error, our ability to effectively plan, forecast and execute our business plan and comply with applicable laws and regulations would be materially impaired. Any such impairment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and the timeliness with which we report our operating results.
In the current environment, there are numerous and evolving risks to cybersecurity and privacy, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, employee malfeasance and human or technological error. High-profile security breaches at other companies and in government agencies have increased in recent years, in some cases causing significant harm, and security industry experts and government officials have warned about the risks of hackers and cyber-attacks targeting
businesses. Cyber-attacks are generally becoming more sophisticated and frequent. Computer hackers and others routinely attempt to breach the security of technology products, services and systems, and to fraudulently induce employees, customers, or others to disclosure information or unwittingly provide access to systems or data. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual or attempted cyber-attacks of our IT systems or networks. To date, none of these actual or attempted cyber-attacks has had a material effect on our operations or financial condition. While we devote significant resources to network security, data encryption and other security measures to protect our systems and data, including our own proprietary information and the confidential and personally identifiable information of our customers, employees, business partners and patients, these measures cannot provide absolute security. The costs to eliminate or alleviate network security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities could be significant, and our efforts to address these problems may not be successful, resulting potentially in the theft, loss, destruction or corruption of information we store electronically, as well as unexpected interruptions, delays or cessation of service, any of which could cause harm to our business operations. Moreover, if a computer security breach or cyber-attack affects our systems or results in the unauthorized release of proprietary or personally identifiable information, our reputation could be materially damaged, our customer confidence could be diminished, and our operations, including technical support for our devices, could be impaired. We would also be exposed to a risk of loss or litigation and potential liability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any of these may contribute to the loss of customers and may have a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The market price of our common stock is volatile, which has in the past led to and may in the future lead to securities litigation against us. Such litigation may be costly and result in an adverse outcome.
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated widely and may continue to do so. Many factors could cause the market price of our common stock to rise and fall. Some of these factors are:
•variations in our quarterly results of operations;
•status of regulatory approvals for our products;
•announcements by the FDA and other regulatory authorities relating to our products and their impact on market perception of our product, including short-term impact;
•reputational risk relating to customer reviews of our products;
•market perceptions of the status of our product development efforts;
•introduction of new products by us or our competitors;
•acquisitions or strategic alliances involving us or our competitors;
•changes in healthcare policy or third-party reimbursement practices;
•changes in estimates of our performance or recommendations by securities analysts;
•the hiring or departure of key personnel;
•results of clinical trials of our products;
•notice of a recall or other safety issue that impacts the ability for customers to use our products;
•future sales of shares of common stock in the public market;
•the outcome of currently pending litigation and governmental investigations, or the initiation of additional litigation or government investigations against us;
•and market conditions in the industry, particularly around reimbursement for our products and the economy as a whole.
In addition, the stock market in general and the market for shares of medical device companies in particular have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations in recent years. These fluctuations are often unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. When the market price of a company’s stock drops significantly, stockholders often institute securities class action litigation against that company. For information on our ongoing securities class action, see “Note 16. Commitment and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements in this Report, which is incorporated by reference into this item.
We are generally obliged under our bylaws, to the extent permitted under Delaware law, to indemnify our current and former officers who are named as defendants in these types of lawsuits. While a certain amount of insurance coverage is available for expenses or losses associated with these lawsuits, this coverage may not be sufficient. Based on information currently available, we are unable to estimate reasonably a possible loss or range of possible losses, if any, with regard to the current securities class action and shareholder derivative litigation; therefore, no litigation reserve has been recorded in our consolidated balance sheet. Although we plan to defend against the securities class action and shareholder derivative litigation vigorously, there can be no assurances that a favorable final outcome will be obtained. This litigation and other future litigation against us could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert the time and attention of our management and other resources, or otherwise harm our business.
The sale of additional shares of our common stock, the issuance of restricted stock units or the exercise of outstanding options to purchase our common stock, would dilute our stockholders’ ownership interest.
We have historically issued restricted stock units and stock options to acquire our common stock and we expect to continue to issue restricted stock units and stock options to our employees and others in the future. If all outstanding stock options were exercised and all outstanding restricted stock units vested, our stockholders would suffer dilution of their ownership interest. In addition, we have issued from time to time, additional shares of our common stock in connection with acquisitions, public offerings, and other activities. Future issuances of our common stock would also result in a dilution of our stockholders’ ownership interest.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our corporate offices are located in Danvers, Massachusetts. The locations and uses of our major properties as of March 31, 2022, are listed below:
Location
Function
Danvers, Massachusetts
(22 Cherry Hill Drive)
(1)
Corporate headquarters, research and development, regulatory and clinical affairs, manufacturing, administration, marketing, distribution
Danvers, Massachusetts
(24 - 42 Cherry Hill Drive)
(1)
Research and development, distribution, manufacturing, administration
Halethorpe, Maryland
(2)
Research and development, manufacturing, administration
Woburn, Massachusetts
(2)
Manufacturing, administration
Aachen, Germany
(1)
Research and development, regulatory and clinical affairs, manufacturing, administration, marketing, distribution
Berlin, Germany
(2)
Research and development
Tokyo, Japan
(2)
Administration, regulatory and clinical affairs, marketing, distribution
(1)Owned properties
(2)Leased property
We believe our properties have been well maintained, are in good operating condition, and provide adequate capacity to support our business operations.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are from time to time involved in various legal actions, the outcomes of which are not within our complete control and may not be known for prolonged periods of time. For a discussion of our material legal proceedings as of March 31, 2022, see “Note 16. Commitment and Contingencies,” which is incorporated by reference into this item.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “ABMD.”
Stockholders
As of May 13, 2022, we had approximately 351 holders of record of our common stock, including Cede & Co., the nominee of the Depository Trust Company. The number of record holders may not be representative of the number of beneficial owners of our common stock, whose shares are held in street name by banks, brokers and other nominees.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings, if any, to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our financial condition, operating results, cash needs and growth plans.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In August 2019, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for up to $200.0 million of shares of its common stock. Under this stock repurchase program, we are authorized to repurchase shares through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans and under Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The stock repurchase program has no time limit and may be suspended for periods or discontinued at any time. We are funding the stock repurchase program with our available cash and marketable securities. Through March 31, 2022, we have repurchased a total 533,336 shares at an aggregate cost of $96.2 million through this stock repurchase program. The remaining authorization under the stock repurchase program was $103.8 million as of March 31, 2022. There were no stock repurchases during the fiscal year 2022.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Please see Item 12. "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters" under Part III of this Report for information on where to find information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the yearly change in the cumulative total stockholder return for our last five fiscal years, based upon the market price of our common stock, with the cumulative total return on a Nasdaq Composite Index (U.S. Companies) and a peer group, the Nasdaq Medical Equipment-SIC Code 3840-3849 Index, which is comprised of medical equipment companies, for that period. The performance graph assumes the investment of $100 as of March 31, 2017 in our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index (U.S. Companies) and the peer group index, and the reinvestment of any and all dividends.
Cumulative Total Return ($)
3/31/2017
3/31/2018
3/31/2019
3/31/2020
3/31/2021
3/31/2022
ABIOMED, Inc.
Nasdaq Composite Index
Nasdaq Medical Equipment SIC Code 3840-3849
This graph is not “soliciting material” under Regulation 14A or 14C of the rules promulgated under the Exchange Act, is not deemed filed with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should read “Part I, Item 1.A Risk Factors” in this Report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.
Overview
We are a provider of medical devices that provide circulatory support and oxygenation. We develop, manufacture and market proprietary products that are designed to enable the heart to rest and recover by improving blood flow and/or performing the pumping function of the heart and provide sufficient oxygenation to those in respiratory failure. Our products are used in the cardiac catheterization lab, or cath lab, by interventional cardiologists and in the heart surgery suite by cardiac surgeons for patients who are in need of hemodynamic support prophylactically or emergently before, during or after angioplasty or heart surgery procedures. We believe that heart recovery is the optimal clinical outcome for a patient experiencing heart failure because it enhances the potential for the patient to go home with their own heart, facilitating the restoration of quality of life. In addition, we believe that, for the care of such patients, heart recovery is often the most cost-effective solution for the healthcare system.
COVID-19 Pandemic
We are subject to additional risks and uncertainties as a result of the ongoing novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic. Since March 2020, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted and is likely to further adversely impact our business and markets, including our workforce and the operations of our customers, suppliers, and business partners. While the COVID-19 (including new variants of COVID-19) pandemic remains fluid and continues to evolve differently across various geographies, we believe we are likely to continue to experience variable impacts on our business. To ensure the health and safety of our global employees, we continue to offer onsite COVID-19 testing and vaccinations in order to maintain a safe working environment. Our proactive testing and vaccination programs have reduced exposure with early detection and enabled our manufacturing facilities to operate at full capacity.
The depth and extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and individual markets is dependent upon various factors, including the spread of additional variants; the availability of vaccinations, personal protective equipment, intensive care unit (“ICU”) and operating room capacity, and medical staff; and government interventions to reduce the spread of the virus. When COVID-19 infection rates spike in a particular region, our patient utilization volumes have generally been negatively impacted as hospitals face capacity limitations, staffing shortages and some in-patient treatments have been deferred.
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, we experienced varying levels of recovery across our product lines and geographic locations from the challenges caused by the pandemic.
However, in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022, patient utilization of Impella heart pump devices was negatively impacted by an increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations and ongoing shortage of hospital workers that limited ICU capacity which contributed to some deferral of elective procedures.
As we started the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, patient utilization of Impella heart pump devices continued to be negatively impacted by an increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations in certain geographies due to the Delta variant and ongoing shortage of hospital workers, that limited ICU capacity and contributed to some deferral of elective procedures. However, as Delta cases moderated, patient utilization of Impella heart pump devices increased during the last two months of the third quarter, despite on-going hospital labor shortages and the emergence of the Omicron variant.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Omicron variant had a pronounced impact on hospital capacity, resources, and procedure volumes in January 2022, especially in the United States. While we experienced improvements in overall patient utilization in the fourth quarter, we continue to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business and geographies, including any impact on our customers, including the ongoing hospital labor shortages, employees, suppliers, vendors, business partners and distribution channels, as well as on procedures and the demand for our products by keeping apprised of local, regional, and global COVID-19 surges (including new variants of the virus).
While we cannot reliably estimate the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact patient utilization and revenues of our products, our focus is to continue increasing patient utilization of our Impella devices in the U.S. and growing our business internationally, with a continued focus on Europe and Japan. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may materially adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations is uncertain.
Macroeconomic Conditions
Our revenues and results of operations may be susceptible to fluctuations in macroeconomic conditions, including inflation and slowing economic growth and contractions, changes in customer and consumer sentiment and demand, increasing prices for raw materials, transportation and labor costs, disruptions in the manufacturing, supply and distribution operations of us and our suppliers. The nature and extent of the impact of these factors among others varies by region and remains uncertain and unpredictable.
Acquisition of preCARDIA
We acquired 100% interest in preCARDIA on May 28, 2021. preCARDIA is a developer of a proprietary catheter and controller that will complement Abiomed’s product portfolio to expand options for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (“ADHF”). The preCARDIA system is uniquely designed to rapidly treat ADHF-related volume overload by effectively reducing cardiac filling pressures and promoting decongestion to improve overall cardiac and renal function. We acquired preCARDIA for a purchase price of $115.2 million. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the fair value of the acquisition related to the acquired in-process research and development asset. Since the acquired technology platform is pre-commercial and has not reached technical feasibility, the cost of the in-process research and development asset was expensed, resulting in a charge of $116.0 million to the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2022. In addition, we recognized a gain of $21.0 million related to our previously owned minority interest within the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2022. In connection with the acquisition, we acquired a license agreement, under which there is a potential payout of $5 million based on the achievement of a commercial milestone. During the year ended March 31, 2022, we made a holdback payment of $0.5 million to former shareholders of preCARDIA.
Acquisition of Breethe, Inc.
We acquired Breethe, a Maryland corporation, on April 24, 2020. Breethe is engaged in research and development of a novel extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (“ECMO”) system that we expect will complement and expand our product portfolio to more comprehensively serve the needs of patients whose lungs can no longer provide sufficient oxygenation, including some patients suffering from cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure. We acquired Breethe for $55.0 million in cash, with additional potential payouts up to a maximum of $55.0 million payable based on the achievement of certain technical, regulatory and commercial milestones. In October 2020, the Breethe OXY-1 System received a 510(k) clearance from the FDA for an all-in-one, compact cardiopulmonary bypass system. We have conducted a controlled launch of the Breethe OXY-1 System at a limited number of hospitals in the U.S. and have seen positive results regarding survival, blood compatibility, durability of the Pump Lung Unit (“PLU”), hemodynamic flow rates and ease of patient ambulation. Based on our early patient study, we have identified areas of improvement around the electronics of the console and implemented a voluntary recall at the seven hospitals where the Breethe OXY-1 Systems were placed. The console upgrades may require a 510(k) clearance from the FDA. Therefore, until the corrective action is completed, we are not expanding the number of patients or centers under the controlled launch. We expect to resume commercialization of the Breethe OXY-1 System under a controlled rollout in the second half of fiscal year 2023.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The accounting policies we believe are critical in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements relate to revenue recognition and income taxes. Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in “Note 2. Basis of Preparation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements in this Report.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer.
Product revenue is generally recognized when the customer obtains control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, and may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of the contract.
Service revenue is generally recognized over time as the services are rendered to the customer based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. We recognize service revenue over the term of the service contract. Services are expected to be transferred to the customer throughout the term of the contract and we believe recognizing revenue ratably over the term of the contract best depicts the transfer of value to the customer. Revenue generated from preventative maintenance calls is recognized at a point in time when the services are provided to the customer.
Revenue from the sale of products and services are evidenced by either a contract with the customer or a valid purchase order or an invoice which includes all relevant terms of sale. We perform a review of each specific customer's credit worthiness and ability to pay prior to acceptance as a customer. Further, we perform periodic reviews of customers' creditworthiness.
Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes is comprised of a current and deferred provision. The current income tax provision is calculated as the estimated taxes payable or refundable on income tax returns for the current fiscal year. The deferred income tax provision is calculated for the estimated future income tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards using expected tax rates in effect in the years during which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years as the differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each fiscal year end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to impact taxable income.
We regularly assess our ability to realize our deferred tax assets. Assessing the realization of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
Other Investments
We periodically make investments in medical device companies that focus on heart failure and heart pumps and other medical device technologies. For equity investments that do not have readily determinable market values, we measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment. We monitor any events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant effect on the fair value of investments, either due to impairment or based on observable price changes, and make any necessary adjustments.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is included in “Note 2. Basis of Preparation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements in this Report.
Results of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 (“fiscal year 2022” and “fiscal year 2021”)
Revenue
The following table disaggregates our revenue by products and services:
Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
Change
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
%
Product revenue
$
984,541
%
$
806,322
%
$
178,219
%
Service and other revenue
47,212
%
41,200
%
6,012
%
Total revenue
$
1,031,753
%
$
847,522
%
$
184,231
%
The following table disaggregates our revenue by geographic location:
Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
Change
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
%
United States
$
837,613
%
$
691,579
%
$
146,034
%
Europe
131,909
%
105,320
%
26,589
%
Japan
51,694
%
42,868
%
8,826
%
Rest of world
10,537
%
7,755
%
2,782
%
Outside the U.S.
194,140
%
155,943
%
38,197
%
Total revenue
$
1,031,753
%
$
847,522
%
$
184,231
%
The following table disaggregates our product revenue by geographic location:
Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
Change
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
%
United States
$
796,789
%
$
655,164
%
$
141,625
%
Europe
127,293
%
101,716
%
25,577
%
Japan
49,922
%
41,686
%
8,236
%
Rest of world
10,537
%
7,756
%
2,781
%
Outside the U.S.
187,752
%
151,158
%
36,594
%
Total product revenue
$
984,541
%
$
806,322
%
$
178,219
%
Product revenue encompasses Impella 2.5, Impella CP, Impella 5.0, Impella LD, Impella 5.5, Impella RP and Impella AIC product sales and related accessories. Service and other revenue represents revenue earned on service maintenance contracts and preventative maintenance calls. The following is a discussion of our revenues for fiscal year 2022.
Total Revenue
Total revenue increased by $184.2 million, or 22%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. The increase in total revenue from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022 was driven by both product revenue and service and other revenue, as further described below.
Product Revenue
Product revenue increased by $178.2 million, or 22%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. U.S. product revenue increased by $141.6 million or 22% from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. Outside the U.S., product revenue for fiscal year 2022 increased by $36.6 million or 23% from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022.
Product revenue increased from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022 primarily due to sales mix and higher patient utilization in the U.S., Germany and Japan as we experienced varying levels of recovery across our product lines and geographic locations from the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these overall improvements, the timing and impact of COVID-19 on patient utilization volume varied widely by country, region, and type during the period as discussed in the "COVID-19 Pandemic" section above.
Service and other revenue
Service and other revenue increased by $6.0 million, or 15%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. The increase in service revenue was primarily due to an increase in service contracts sold. We have expanded the number of Impella AIC consoles at many of our existing higher volume customer sites and continue to sell additional consoles to new customer sites. We expect revenue growth for service revenue to be consistent with recent history as most customer sites in the U.S. have service contracts which typically have three-year terms.
Cost of Revenue
Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
Change
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
%
Cost of revenue
$
188,158
%
$
161,907
%
$
26,251
%
Cost of revenue for fiscal year increased by $26.3 million, or 16%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. Gross margin was 82% for fiscal year 2022 and 81% for fiscal year 2021.
Cost of product revenue increased due to our investment in direct labor and overhead as we continue to expand the manufacturing capacity of our facilities in the U.S. and Germany. In addition, cost of product revenue increased due to the composition of material purchases to support newer generation devices. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to the increase in production effectiveness, increased sales volume and favorable pricing mix as we shifted to Impella CP with SmartAssist and Impella 5.5 with SmartAssist.
Operating Expenses
Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
Change
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
% of Total revenue
Amount
(in thousands)
%
Research and development
$
163,403
%
$
121,875
%
$
41,528
%
Selling, general and administrative
423,486
%
334,183
%
89,303
%
Acquired in-process research and development
115,986
%
-
-
115,986
%
Total operating expenses
$
702,875
%
$
456,058
%
$
246,817
%
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased by $41.5 million, or 34%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to our increases in regulatory and quality hiring, ongoing product development initiatives relating to our existing and pipeline products, the development of the Impella ECP™, preCARDIA, Impella BTR™, Breethe OXY-1 System™ and Impella XR Sheath™ devices, the expansion of our engineering organization, continued investment in our clinical trials, most notably the STEMI DTU and PROTECT IV studies, and our focus on clinical, technological and quality initiatives for our products.
We expect research and development expenses to continue to increase as we continue to increase engineering, product development and clinical spending related to our initiatives to improve our existing products, develop new technologies and conduct clinical research activities.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $89.3 million, or 27%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to increases in commercial hiring, marketing, travel, clinical training and education initiatives and higher stock compensation expense.
We aim to continue to invest strategically in hiring and sales and marketing activities, with a particular focus on training and education to drive utilization of our Impella devices and recovery awareness for acute heart failure patients.
Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expenses
We acquired 100% interest in preCARDIA on May 28, 2021, for a purchase price of $115.2 million. In connection with the acquisition, we acquired net assets of $115.2 million, which included $115.5 million related to the fair value of the in-process research and development asset and $0.3 million for net liabilities assumed. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the fair value of the acquisition related to the acquired in-process research and development asset. Since the acquired technology platform is pre-commercial and has not reached technical feasibility, the cost of the in-process research and development asset was expensed. In fiscal year 2022, we made a holdback payment of $0.5 million to former shareholders of preCARDIA for a total acquisition price of $115.9 million.
Interest and other income, net
Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
Change
Amount
(in thousands)
Amount
(in thousands)
Amount
(in thousands)
%
Interest and other income, net
$
49,840
$
58,663
(8,823
)
(15
)
%
Interest and other income, net decreased by $8.8 million, or 15%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. This decrease was primarily due to the recognition of a $22.9 million pre-tax gain from our investment in Shockwave Medical in fiscal year 2022 compared to a $50.8 million pre-tax gain in fiscal year 2021, partially offset by the $21.0 million gain, related to our previously owned minority interest in preCARDIA. In addition, interest and other income, net decrease from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022 due to a $2.7 million decrease in interest income related to marketable securities and a $1.5 million decrease in interest income related to the cross-currency swap partially offset by a $3.1 million gain related to foreign currency fluctuations.
Income tax provision
Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
Change
Amount
(in thousands)
Amount
(in thousands)
Amount
(in thousands)
%
Income tax provision
$
54,055
$
62,695
(8,640
)
(14
)
%
The income tax provision decreased by $8.6 million, or 14%, from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022. Our effective income tax rate was 28.4% in fiscal year 2022 and 21.8% in fiscal year 2021. The increase in the effective tax rate for fiscal year 2022 is primarily
due to a non-deductible charge for in-process research and development related to the preCARDIA acquisition offset by an increase in research and development credits.
Results of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020
For a comparison of our results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on May 21, 2021, which comparative information is incorporated by reference in this Report.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2022, our total cash, cash equivalents, and short and long-term marketable securities totaled $978.7 million, an increase of $130.9 million compared to $847.8 million as of March 31, 2021. The change in our cash, cash equivalents, and short and long-term marketable securities was primarily due to positive cash flows from operations, offset by cash used for investments in property, equipment and other investments, and cash used for financing activities related to equity activity.
A summary of our cash flow activities is as follows:
For the Year Ended March 31,
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
285,390
$
274,578
Net cash used for investing activities
(380,990
)
(223,344
)
Net cash used for financing activities
(2,202
)
(8,067
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(2,090
)
(2,798
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
$
(99,892
)
$
40,369
For a discussion of our liquidity and capital resources and our cash flow activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on May 21, 2021, which is incorporated by reference in this Report.
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
In fiscal year 2022, net cash provided by operating activities consisted of net income of $136.5 million, plus non-cash items of $179.1 million less cash used for working capital of $30.2 million. As discussed above, the change in net income was primarily due to an increase in operating expenses partially offset by an increase in revenue in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021. Adjustments for non-cash items consisted primarily of $116.0 million for acquired preCARDIA in-process research and development, $52.7 million of stock-based compensation expense, $28.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense, a change in fair value of our investment in Shockwave Medical and other private medical technology companies of $22.9 million, a $21.0 million gain related to our previously owned minority interest in preCARDIA recognized upon the acquisition of preCARDIA in May 2021, $18.0 million in inventory write-downs, $3.7 million in accretion on marketable securities, a $2.4 million change in our deferred tax provision, and a change in fair value of contingent consideration of $0.9 million. The decrease in cash from changes in working capital is primarily due to a $29.3 million increase in inventory to support growing sales volume and improve safety stock levels to mitigate supply chain risks, an $8.4 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets and a $0.1 million decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, partially offset by a $5.3 million decrease in accounts receivable associated with timing and volume of sales and collections and a $2.3 million decrease in deferred revenue.
For fiscal year 2021, cash provided by operating activities consisted of net income of $225.5 million, plus non-cash items of $66.4 million less cash used for working capital of $17.4 million. Adjustments for non-cash items consisted primarily of $47.0 million of stock-based compensation expense, a change in fair value of our investments in Shockwave Medical and other private medical technology companies of $51.0 million, a $29.4 million change in our deferred tax provision, $24.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $8.5 million in inventory write-downs and a change in fair value of contingent consideration of $2.4 million. The decrease in cash from changes in working capital included a $2.5 million decrease in inventory due to the mix of customer demand and production volumes related to our Impella devices and a $12.0 million decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities offset by a $12.1 million increase in accounts receivable associated with timing and volume of sales and collections and a $5.2 million increase in deferred revenue.
Cash Used for Investing Activities
In fiscal year 2022, net cash used for investing activities included $243.6 million in purchases (net of maturities) of marketable securities, $82.8 million for our acquisition of preCARDIA, $35.8 million for the purchase of property and equipment primarily related to continued expansion of manufacturing capacity, office space and research development facilities in Danvers and Aachen, Germany and $18.8 million for our investment in private medical technology companies.
For fiscal year 2021, net cash used for investing activities included $159.6 million in purchases (net of maturities) of marketable securities, $52.2 million for our acquisition of Breethe and $53.4 million for the purchase of property and equipment mostly related to the $17.5 million purchase of the building adjacent to our corporate headquarters in Danvers, Massachusetts and continued expansion of manufacturing capacity, office space and research development facilities in Danvers, Massachusetts and Aachen, Germany. We also made $26.1 million of investments in medical technology companies and intangible assets during fiscal year 2021. These amounts were partially offset by $67.9 million in proceeds from the sale of Shockwave Medical securities.
Capital expenditures for fiscal year 2023 are estimated to range from $40 million to $50 million, including, as part of long-term development of our business, additional capital expenditures for manufacturing capacity and building expansions in our Danvers and Aachen facilities and information systems development projects.
Cash Used for Financing Activities
For fiscal year 2022, net cash used for financing activities included $16.5 million in payments in lieu of issuance of common stock for payroll withholding taxes upon vesting of certain equity awards and $2.3 million related to payment of contingent consideration due to achievement of related milestone. These amounts were offset by $9.4 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $7.2 million in proceeds from the issuance of stock under the employee stock purchase plan.
For fiscal year 2021, net cash used for financing activities included $11.3 million for the repurchase of our common stock and $11.3 million in payments in lieu of issuance of common stock for payroll withholding taxes upon vesting of certain equity awards. These amounts were offset by $9.1 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $5.5 million in proceeds from the issuance of stock under the employee stock purchase plan.
Operating Capital and Liquidity Requirements
Our sources of cash liquidity are primarily from existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash flows from operations. As of March 31, 2022, our cash, cash equivalents, and short and long-term marketable securities totaled $978.7 million, an increase of $130.9 million compared to $847.8 million as of March 31, 2021. Marketable securities as of March 31, 2022 consisted of $845.9 million held in funds that invest in U.S. Treasury securities, government-backed securities, corporate debt securities and commercial paper. We generated operating cash flows of $285.4 million and $274.6 million in fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, we had no debt outstanding. We believe that our sources of liquidity are sufficient to fund the current requirements of working capital, capital expenditures, and other financial commitments for at least the next twelve months.
We primarily fund our operations from product sales. Our primary liquidity requirements are to fund the following: expansion of our commercial and operational infrastructures; expansion of our manufacturing capacity and office space; the procurement and production of inventory to meet customer demand for our Impella devices; funding of new product and business development initiatives, such as the recent acquisitions of preCARDIA and Breethe; ongoing commercial launch in Japan and expansion into potential new markets; increased clinical spending; legal expenses related to ongoing patent litigation and other legal matters and payments in lieu of issuance of common stock for payroll withholding taxes upon vesting of certain equity awards and provide for general working capital needs.
We believe that our sources of liquidity are sufficient to fund the current requirements of working capital, capital expenditures, and other financial commitments for at least the next twelve months. Our liquidity is influenced by our ability to sell our products in a competitive industry and our customers’ ability to pay for our products. Factors that may affect liquidity primarily include our ability to penetrate the market for our products, our ability to maintain or reduce the length of the selling cycle for our products, our capital expenditures, and our ability to collect cash from customers after our products are sold. We continue to review our short-term and long-term cash needs on a regular basis.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our business and financial results are affected by fluctuations in world financial markets, including changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. We manage these risks through a combination of normal operating and financing activities.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our marketable securities portfolio. Our investment strategy is focused on preserving capital and supporting our liquidity requirements, while earning a reasonable market return. We invest in a variety of U.S. government and agency securities, corporate debt securities and commercial paper. The market value of our marketable securities may decline if current market interest rates rise. The fair value of our marketable securities as of March 31, 2022 was $845.9 million. If market interest rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels as of March 31, 2022, we believe the decline in fair market value of our investment portfolio would be immaterial. Our marketable securities are recorded at fair value, and gains or losses from these securities are recognized within other comprehensive income as they occur.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Foreign currency risk arises from our investments in subsidiaries owned and operated in non-U.S. countries. Such risk is also a result of transactions with customers in countries outside the United States. Approximately 18% of our revenue was denominated in
foreign currencies for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. As our business in regions outside of the United States continues to increase, we will be increasingly exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to our foreign operations.
Fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, primarily the Euro and Japanese yen, could adversely affect our financial results, including our revenues and revenue growth rates, gross margins, income and losses as well as assets and liabilities.
Our investment in our subsidiaries is sensitive to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. The effect of a change in currency exchange rates on our net investment in international subsidiaries is reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of stockholders’ equity. Although we will continue to monitor our exposure to currency fluctuations, the impact of an aggregate change of 10% in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar on our results of operations and financial position could be material.
As discussed in “Note 5. Financial Instruments” to our consolidated financial statements, we have an intercompany loan agreement with our German subsidiary, Abiomed Europe GMBH. In conjunction with this intercompany loan agreement, we entered into a cross-currency swap agreement to convert the Euro denominated intercompany loan into U.S. dollars. The objective of this cross-currency swap is to hedge the variability of cash flows related to the forecasted interest and principal payments on the Euro denominated fixed rate loan against changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Euro. We use such a foreign-exchange-related derivative instrument to manage our exposure related to changes in the exchange rate on our intercompany loan. We do not enter into derivative instruments for any purpose other than for the cash flow hedge described above.
Credit Risk
In the normal course of business, we provide credit to our customers in the health care industry, perform credit evaluations of these customers, and maintain allowances for potential credit losses, which have historically been adequate compared to actual losses. In fiscal year 2022, we had no customers that represented 10% or more of our total revenue or accounts receivable. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer’s historical financial condition and generally collateral is not required. Our history of credit losses has not been significant and we maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. Accounts receivables are geographically dispersed, primarily throughout the U.S., as well as in Europe and other foreign countries where formal distributor agreements exist. Our exposure to credit losses may increase if our customers are adversely affected by changes in healthcare laws, coverage, and reimbursement, macroeconomic pressures or uncertainty, disruption associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, or other customer-specific factors.
Investment Risk
We are exposed to investment risks related to changes in the underlying financial condition and credit capacity of certain of our other investments. We periodically make investments in medical device companies that focus on heart failure and heart pump technologies. We monitor any events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant effect on the fair value of our other investments, either due to impairment or based on observable price changes, and make any necessary adjustments. Should these companies experience a decline in financial condition or credit capacity, or fail to meet certain development milestones, a decline in the investments’ values may occur, resulting in unrealized or realized losses.
The aggregate carrying amount of our investments in medical device companies was $70.3 million and $63.0 million as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is classified within other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
In fiscal year 2019, we invested $25.0 million in medical device company, Shockwave Medical. In fiscal year 2021, we sold approximately 1.4 million shares in Shockwave Medical for cash proceeds of $67.9 million and recognized a gain of $47.3 million. The fair value of this investment as of March 31, 2022 was $61.5 million and we recognized a pre-tax gain of $22.9 million in interest and other income, net due to the change in fair value from fiscal year 2021.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the discussion under the heading “Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules” of this Report.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as of March 31, 2022. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2022, these disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Evaluation of Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the fourth quarter of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our assessment under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2022.
Important Considerations
Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited our financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, included in this Report, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This Report is set forth below:
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of ABIOMED, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of ABIOMED, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated May 20, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying "Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting". Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
May 20, 2022

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.

---

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference herein from our definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

---

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference herein from our definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference herein from our definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference herein from our definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference herein from our definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Report.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1)The following financial statements are attached hereto.
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 34)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2)Consolidated financial statement schedule
All financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required information is contained in the financial statements and notes thereto, or because such schedules are not required or applicable.
(3)Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
No.
Description
Filed with
this Form
10-K
Incorporated by Reference
Form
Filing Date
Exhibit
No.
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation
S-3
September 29, 1997
3.1
3.2
Amended & Restated By-Laws, as Amended and Restated February 4, 2020
10-K (File No.
001-09585)
May 21, 2020
3.2
3.3
Amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the authorized shares of common stock from 25,000,000 to 100,000,000.
8-K (File No.
001-09585)
March 21, 2007
3.4
4.1P
Specimen Certificate of common stock
S-1
June 5, 1987
4.1
4.2
Description of Common Stock
10-K (File No.
001-09585)
May 21, 2020
4.2
10.1*
Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Company and its directors and officers
8-K (File No. 001-09585)
August 13, 2021
10.1
10.2*
Form - Employment, Nondisclosure and Non- Competition Agreement
10-K (File No.
001-09585)
May 24, 2018
10.28
10.3*
Form - Change of Control Agreement
8-K (File No.
001-09585)
August 18, 2008
10.4
10.4*
1988 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as Amended and Restated February 5, 2019
10-K (File No.
001-09585)
May 23, 2019
10.6
10.5*
Second Amended & Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
Sch. 14A (File No.
001-09585)
June 22, 2018
Appendix A
10.6*
Form - Time-Based Stock Option Agreement (Employee) under the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-K (File No.
001-09585)
May 25, 2017
10.43
10.7*
Form - Time-Based RSU Agreement (Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
November 6, 2020
10.1
10.8*
Form - Time-Based Stock Option Agreement (Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
November 6, 2020
10.2
10.9*
Form - Performance-Based PSU Option Agreement (Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
X
10.10*
Form - Performance-Based PSU Agreement (Chief Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
February 4, 2021
10.1
10.11*
Form - Performance-Based PSU Agreement (Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
February 4, 2021
10.2
10.12*
Employment Agreement - Michael R. Minogue dated April 5, 2004 (including Change in Control Agreement)
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
August 9, 2004
10.10
10.13*
Amendment to Employment Agreement with Michael R. Minogue dated December 31, 2008
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
February 9, 2009
10.3
10.14*
Amendment to Change in Control Agreement with Michael R. Minogue dated December 31, 2008
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
February 9, 2009
10.4
10.15*
Offer letter with David Weber dated April 23, 2007
10-Q (File No.
001-09585)
August 9, 2007
10.1
10.16*
Offer letter with Todd A. Trapp dated March 30, 2018
10-K (File No.
001-09585)
May 24, 2018
10.43
10.17*
Change of Control Severance Agreement between ABIOMED, Inc. and Todd Trapp dated April 6, 2018
10-K (File No.
001-09585)
May 24, 2018
10.44
10.18*
Offer letter with Marc A. Began dated May 11, 2018
10-K (File No. 001-09585)
May 21, 2021
10.22
10.19*
Change of Control Severance Agreement between ABIOMED, Inc. and Marc A. Began dated November 1, 2018
10-K (File No. 001-09585)
May 21, 2021
10.23
10.20*
Change of Control Severance Agreement between ABIOMED, Inc. and Andrew J. Greenfield dated September 15, 2008
10-K (File No. 001-09585)
May 21, 2021
10.24
10.21*
Form - Time-Based RSU Agreement (Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q (File No. 001-09585)
August 5, 2021
10.1
10.22*
Form - Time-Based Stock Option Agreement (Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q (File No. 001-09585)
August 5, 2021
10.2
10.23*
Form - Performance-Based PSU Agreement (Executive Officer) under the Second Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan
10-Q (File No. 001-09585)
August 5, 2021
10.3
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
X
23.1
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm
X
31.1
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of principal executive officer.
X
31.2
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of principal accounting officer
X
32.1
Section 1350 certification
X
The following financial information from the ABIOMED, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, formatted in inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and 2021; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended March 2022, 2021 and 2020; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
X
Cover page from the ABIOMED, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022, formatted in inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101
X
* Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
P Exhibit filed by paper