EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 929351
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 929351_10-K_2022_0000929351-22-000017.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
Overview
Lionsgate (NYSE: LGF.A, LGF.B) encompasses world-class motion picture and television studio operations aligned with the STARZ premium global subscription platform to bring a unique and varied portfolio of entertainment to consumers around the world. Our film, television, subscription and location-based entertainment businesses are backed by a 17,000-title library and a valuable collection of iconic film and television franchises.
We manage and report our operating results through three reportable business segments: Motion Picture, Television Production and Media Networks. We refer to our Motion Picture and Television Production segments collectively as our Studio Business. Financial information for our segments is set forth in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this Annual Report.
COVID-19 Global Pandemic
Since fiscal 2020, the economic, social and regulatory impacts associated with the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic (including its variants), continued measures to prevent its spread, and the resulting economic uncertainty, have affected our business in a number of ways.
We experienced delays in theatrical distribution of our films, both domestically and internationally, as well as delays in the production of film and television content (resulting in continued changes in future release dates for some titles and series). Although film and television production have generally resumed, we continue to see disruption of production activities depending on local circumstances. We also cannot predict whether productions that have resumed will be paused again, or the impact of incremental costs required to adhere to health and safety protocols. Additionally, although the lifting of quarantines have enabled many theaters to reopen, we are unable to predict how shifting government mandates or guidance regarding COVID-19 restrictions will impact patronage and theater capacity. In turn, production delays (and fewer theatrical releases) have limited the availability of film content to be sold in distribution windows subsequent to the theatrical release, and have resulted in delays of release of new television content, including on our STARZ platform.
The impact of these disruptions and the extent of their adverse impact on our financial and operating results will be dictated by the length of time that such disruptions continue, which will, in turn, depend on the currently unknowable duration and severity of the impacts of COVID-19 and its variants, and among other things, the impact of governmental actions imposed in response to COVID-19 and individuals’ and companies’ responses regarding health matters going forward. We have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs to address government regulations and the safety of our employees and talent.
For additional information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on our operating results, cash flows and financial position, and the other risks and uncertainties see Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors and Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Annual Report.
Studio Business
Motion Picture: Our Motion Picture segment includes revenues derived from the following:
•Theatrical. Theatrical revenues are derived from the domestic theatrical release of motion pictures licensed to theatrical exhibitors on a picture-by-picture basis (distributed by us directly in the United States and through a sub-distributor in Canada).
•Home Entertainment. Home entertainment revenues are derived from the sale or rental of our film productions and acquired or licensed films and certain television programs (including theatrical and direct-to-video releases) on packaged media and through digital media platforms (including pay-per-view and video-on-demand platforms, electronic sell through, and digital rental). In addition, we have revenue sharing arrangements with certain digital media platforms which generally provide that, in exchange for a nominal or no upfront sales price, we share in the rental or sales revenues generated by the platform on a title-by-title basis.
•Television. Television revenues are primarily derived from the licensing of our theatrical productions and acquired films to the linear pay, basic cable and free television markets. In addition, when a license in our traditional pay television window is made to a subscription video-on-demand ("SVOD") or other digital platform, the revenues are included here.
•International. International revenues are derived from (i) licensing of our productions, acquired films, our catalog product and libraries of acquired titles to international distributors, on a territory-by-territory basis, and (ii) the direct distribution of our productions, acquired films, and our catalog product and libraries of acquired titles in the United Kingdom.
•Other. Other revenues are derived from, among others, the licensing of our film and television and related content (e.g., games, music, location-based entertainment royalties, etc.) to other ancillary markets.
Television Production: Our Television Production segment includes revenues derived from the following:
•Television. Television revenues are derived from the licensing to domestic markets (linear pay, basic cable, free television and syndication) of scripted and unscripted series, television movies, mini-series and non-fiction programming. Television revenues include fixed fee arrangements as well as arrangements in which we earn advertising revenue from the exploitation of certain content on television networks. Television revenues also include revenue from licenses to SVOD platforms in which the initial license of a television series is to an SVOD platform.
•International. International revenues are derived from the licensing and syndication to international markets of scripted and unscripted series, television movies, mini-series and non-fiction programming.
•Home Entertainment. Home Entertainment revenues are derived from the sale or rental of television production movies or series on packaged media and through digital media platforms.
•Other. Other revenues are derived from, among others, the licensing of our television programs to other ancillary markets, the sales and licensing of music from the television broadcasts of our productions, and from commissions and executive producer fees earned related to talent management.
Media Networks
Our Media Networks segment includes revenues derived from the following:
•Starz Networks. Starz Networks’ revenues are derived from the domestic distribution of our STARZ branded premium subscription video services through over-the-top ("OTT") platforms and U.S. multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) including cable operators, satellite television providers and telecommunications companies (collectively, “Distributors”) on a direct-to-consumer basis through the Starz App.
•STARZPLAY International. STARZPLAY International revenues are primarily derived from OTT distribution of the Company's STARZ branded premium subscription video services outside of the U.S.
Segment Revenue
For the year ended March 31, 2022, contributions to the Company’s consolidated revenues from its reporting segments included Motion Picture 32.9%, Television Production 42.5% and Media Networks 42.6%, and intersegment revenue eliminations represented (18.0)% of consolidated revenues.
Within the Motion Picture segment, revenues were generated from the following:
•Theatrical, 5.5%;
•Home Entertainment, 51.6%;
•Television, 21.8%;
•International, 19.8%; and
•Motion Picture-Other, 1.3%.
Within the Television Production segment, revenues were generated from the following:
•Television, 71.5%;
•International, 16.8%;
•Home Entertainment, 6.0%; and
•Television Production-Other, 5.6%.
Within the Media Networks segment, revenues were generated from the following:
•Starz Networks, 93.0%;
•STARZPLAY International, 7.0%
Corporate Strategy
We grow and diversify our portfolio of content to capitalize on demand from streaming and traditional platforms throughout the world. We maintain a disciplined approach to acquisition, production and distribution of content by balancing our financial risks against the probability of commercial success for each project. We also continue to invest in new programming and support the growth of STARZ’s direct-to-consumer offering and expansion of STARZPLAY, our international premium branded SVOD service. We believe that our strategic focus on content, alignment of our content creation and distribution platforms, and creation of other innovative content distribution strategies will enhance our competitive position in the industry, ensure optimal use of our capital, build a diversified foundation for future growth and create significant incremental long-term value for our shareholders.
STUDIO BUSINESS: MOTION PICTURE
Motion Picture - Theatrical
Production and Acquisition
We take a disciplined approach to theatrical production, with the goal of producing content that can be distributed through various domestic and international platforms. In doing so, we may mitigate the financial risk associated with production by, among other things:
•Negotiating co-financing development and co-production agreements which may provide for cost-sharing with one or more third-party companies;
•Pre-licensing international distribution rights on a selective basis, including through international output agreements (which license rights to distribute a film in one or more media generally for a limited term, and in one or more specific territories prior to completion of the film);
•Structuring agreements that provide for talent participation in the financial success of the film in exchange for reduced guaranteed “up-front payments” that would be paid regardless of the film's success; and
•Utilizing governmental incentives, programs and other structures from state and foreign countries (e.g., sales tax refunds, transferable tax credits, refundable tax credits, low interest loans, direct subsidies or cash rebates, calculated based on the amount of money spent in the particular jurisdiction in connection with the production).
Our approach to acquiring films complements our theatrical production strategy - we typically seek to limit our financial exposure while adding films with high potential for commercial box office success, critical recognition and successful monetization across a broad array of platforms.
Distribution
The economic life of a motion picture may consist of its exploitation in theaters, on packaged media and on various digital and television platforms in territories around the world. We generally distribute motion pictures directly to movie theaters in the U.S. whereby the exhibitor retains a portion of the gross box office receipts and the balance is remitted to the distributor. Concurrent with their release in the U.S., films are generally released in Canada and may also be released in one or more other foreign markets. We construct release schedules taking into account moviegoer attendance patterns and competition from other studios' scheduled theatrical releases. After the initial theatrical release, distributors seek to maximize revenues by releasing films in sequential release date windows, which may be exclusive against other non-theatrical distribution platforms. As a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, in certain circumstances, our distribution strategy has and may continue to change, and certain films intended for theatrical release may be licensed to other platforms.
Producing, marketing and distributing films can involve significant risks and costs, and can cause our financial results to vary depending on the timing of a film’s release. For instance, marketing costs are generally incurred before and throughout the theatrical release of a film and, to a lesser extent, other distribution windows, and are expensed as incurred. Therefore, we typically incur losses with respect to a particular film prior to and during the film’s theatrical exhibition, and profitability for the film may not be realized until after its theatrical release window. Further, we may revise the release date of a film as the production schedule changes or in such a manner as we believe is likely to maximize revenues or for other business reasons. Additionally, there can be no assurance that any of the films scheduled for release will be completed and/or in accordance with the anticipated schedule or budget, or that the film will ever be released.
Theatrical Releases
In fiscal 2022 (i.e., the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2022), with continued closures and limited re-opening of theaters resulting from the COVID-19 global pandemic, we released sixteen (16) films theatrically in the U.S. across our labels (which include Lionsgate, Summit Entertainment, Good Universe and our partnership with Roadside Attractions). We also made changes to release dates as well as release strategies of several of our films by releasing solely and/or earlier on streaming platforms, initially releasing on premium video-on-demand ("PVOD"), premium electronic sell-through (“PEST”), or by licensing directly to streaming platforms. In fiscal 2022, such titles and their release patterns included the following:
Fiscal 2022
Film Releases via Lionsgate/Summit
Title
Release Date
Release Pattern
Label/Partnership
Chaos Walking†
March 5, 2021
Theatrical and PVOD
Lionsgate
Voyagers††
April, 9, 2021
Theatrical and PVOD
Summit
Spiral †††
May 14, 2021
Theatrical and PVOD
Lionsgate
The Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard
June 16, 2021
Theatrical and Accelerated Home Entertainment
Summit
The Protege
August 20, 2021
Theatrical and Accelerated Home Entertainment
Lionsgate
Ghost in the Shell (1995)
September 17, 2021
Theatrical Re-release
Lionsgate
The Jesus Music
October 1, 2021
Theatrical
Lionsgate
American Underdog
December 25, 2021
Theatrical and Accelerated Home Entertainment
Lionsgate
Moonfall
February 4, 2022
Theatrical and Accelerated Home Entertainment
Summit
† PVOD release on April 2, 2021
†† PVOD release on April 30, 2021
††† PVOD release on June 1, 2021
Fiscal 2022
Film Releases via Roadside Attractions
Title
Release Date
Release Pattern
Label/Partnership
The Courier*
March 19, 2021
Theatrical and PVOD
Roadside Attractions
Finding You
May 14, 2021
Theatrical
Roadside Attractions
Rita Moreno: Just a Girl Who Decided to Go For It
June 18, 2021
Theatrical
Roadside Attractions
Joe Bell**
July 23, 2021
Theatrical, PVOD and PEST
Roadside Attractions
The Alpinist
September 10, 2021
Theatrical
Roadside Attractions
Hard Luck Love Song***
October 15, 2021
Theatrical and PVOD
Roadside Attractions
Alice
March 18, 2022
Theatrical
Roadside Attractions
* PVOD release on April 16, 2021
** PVOD and PEST release on August 13, 2021
*** PVOD release on November 11, 2021
With the continuation of theatrical production in fiscal 2022, we are capitalizing on increased optionality in distribution and maintain a platform agnostic approach to distribution to take full advantage of new windowing opportunities and alternative distribution strategies (while also continuing to work closely with our theatrical exhibition partners).
Nominations and Awards
Lionsgate and affiliated companies have distributed films that have earned 129 Academy Award® nominations and 32 wins, as well as numerous Golden Globe Awards®, Producers Guild Awards®, Screen Actors Guild Awards®, Directors Guild Awards®, BAFTA Awards and Independent Spirit Awards nominations and wins.
Motion Picture - Home Entertainment
Our U.S. home entertainment distribution operation exploits our film and television content library of nearly 17,000 motion picture titles and television episodes and programs, consisting of titles from, among others, Lionsgate, our subsidiaries, affiliates and joint ventures (such as STARZ, Summit Entertainment, Anchor Bay Entertainment, Artisan Entertainment, Grindstone Entertainment Group, Trimark and Roadside Attractions), as well as titles from third parties such as A24, A&E, AMC, Entertainment Studios, Saban Entertainment, StudioCanal, and Tyler Perry Studios. Home entertainment revenue consists of packaged media and digital revenue.
Packaged Media
Packaged media distribution involves the marketing, promotion, sale and/or lease of DVDs/Blu-ray discs to wholesalers and retailers who then sell or rent the DVDs/Blu-ray discs to consumers for private viewing. Fulfillment of physical distribution services are substantially licensed to Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment. We distribute or sell content directly to retailers such as Wal-Mart, Best Buy, Target, Amazon and others who buy large volumes of our DVDs/Blu-ray discs to sell directly to consumers. We also directly distribute content to the rental market through Redbox, Netflix and others.
Digital Media
Lionsgate directly distributes content (including certain titles not distributed theatrically or on physical media) across a wide range of global distribution platforms and networks on an on-demand basis (whereby the viewer controls the timing of playback) through dozens of transactional (transactional video-on-demand and electronic-sell-through), subscription, ad-supported and free video-on-demand platforms. We also directly distribute content on a linear distribution basis (i.e., whereby the programmer controls the timing of playback) through various linear pay, basic cable, and free, over-the-air television platforms worldwide. Subscription video-on demand services to which we license our content include, among others, Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime, Peacock, Paramount+ and HBO Max; ad-supported video-on-demand services to which we license our content include, among others, The Roku Channel, Tubi TV, YouTube, IMDb, and Pluto; and linear networks to which we distribute our content include, among others, pay television networks such as STARZ, EPIX, HBO and Showtime, and basic cable network groups such as NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment, Paramount Global Domestic Media Networks, Disney Media & Entertainment Distribution Networks, Turner Entertainment Networks, A+E Networks and AMC Networks, as well as Bounce, Telemundo and UniMás.
Fiscal 2022, like fiscal 2021, saw a continued shift in our release strategies due to a combination of the COVID-19 global pandemic and acceleration of secular trends already underway in the windowing of our motion picture product. With many theatres operating at limited capacity due to various state-by-state health restrictions, we leaned into hybrid theatrical/streaming, early PVOD models for some of our films and other dynamic windowing distribution models. Coupled with the surge in content demand across all home entertainment platforms, digital media consumption increased with three (3) of our titles, The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard, The Courier and City of Lies, all reaching number one (1) on the iTunes movie charts, and three (3) of our titles, The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard, City of Lies and Midnight on the Switchgrass, all debuting at number one (1) on the Comscore On-Demand Chart.
Motion Picture - Television
We license our theatrical productions and acquired films to the domestic linear pay, basic cable and free television markets. For additional information regarding such distribution, see Motion Picture-Home Entertainment - Digital Media above.
Motion Picture - International
Our international sales operations are headquartered at our offices in London, England. The primary components of our international business are, on a territory-by-territory basis through third parties or directly through our international divisions:
•The licensing of rights in all media of our in-house feature film product and third party acquisitions on an output basis;
•The licensing of rights in all media of our in-house product and third party acquisitions on a sales basis for non-output territories;
•The licensing of third party feature films on an agency basis; and
•Direct distribution of theatrical and/or ancillary rights licensing.
We license rights in all media on a territory-by-territory basis (other than the territories where we self-distribute) of (i) our in-house Lionsgate and Summit Entertainment feature film product, and (ii) films produced by third parties such as Silver Reel, Buzzfeed, Gold Circle Films, Ace Entertainment and other independent producers. Films licensed and/or released by us internationally in fiscal 2022 included such in-house productions as About My Father, American Underdog, Barb and Star Go to Vista Del Mar, Borderlands, Christmas is Canceled, John Wick: Chapter 4, Shotgun Wedding, Spiral, and Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent. Third party films for which we were engaged as exclusive sales agent and/or released by us internationally in fiscal 2022 included Paradise Highway.
Through our territory-by-territory sales and output arrangements, we generally cover a substantial portion of the production budget or acquisition cost of new theatrical releases which we license and distribute internationally. Our output agreements for Lionsgate and Summit feature films currently cover Scandinavia and France. These output agreements generally include all rights for all media (including home entertainment and television rights). We also distribute theatrical titles in Latin America through our partnership with International Distribution Company, as well as theatrical rights in Canada through our partnership with Mongrel Media and Cineplex.
We also self-distribute motion pictures in the United Kingdom and Ireland through Lions Gate International UK (“Lionsgate UK”). Lionsgate UK has established a reputation in the United Kingdom as a leading producer, distributor and acquirer of commercially successful and critically acclaimed product. After a limited theatrical slate in fiscal 2021 due to the closure and limited re-opening of cinemas as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we were able to release more titles theatrically in fiscal 2022, as the industry began to recover and cinemas began to re-open in May 2021. We also, however, continued with our revised strategies for our titles, releasing on PVOD streaming platforms or by licensing directly to streaming services. Such titles and their release patterns included the following:
Fiscal 2022 Releases
Lionsgate UK
Title Release Date
Antebellum* April 2, 2021
Wild Mountain Thyme** April 30, 2021
Spiral: From the Book of Saw May 17, 2021
Ammonite May 17, 2021
The Outpost* June 4, 2021
The Father June 11, 2021
Made In Italy* June 11, 2021
The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard June 18, 2021
The Courier August 13, 2021
Ghost In The Shell (1995) (Re: 2021) September 17, 2021
Dune (1984) (Re: 2021) September 24, 2021
Mothering Sunday November 12, 2021
Wrath of Man* December 10, 2021
* Released on PVOD.
** Sold to streaming service.
Additionally, our office in India manages operations and growth opportunities in the South Asian/Indian sub-continent. Through our local office in Mumbai, we manage the following activities:
•License our feature films, television series, library content to local linear and digital platforms;
•Appoint and work closely with theatrical distribution partners to maximize box office for our films;
•Partner with local production companies, as well as develop in-house, Indian local language television series and feature films for distribution across other media platforms;
•Continue to expand our STARZ’s offering in the region and across emerging Asian markets (branded as Lionsgate Play), through our direct-to-consumer launch and in collaboration with telco partners, Amazon and Apple TV; and
•Explore investment opportunities throughout the South Asian and South East Asian media market.
Motion Picture - Other
Global Live, Interactive and Location Based Entertainment
Our Global Live, Interactive and Location Based Entertainment division drives incremental revenue and builds consumer engagement across our entire portfolio of properties via licensing and launching live shows and experiences, location-based entertainment destinations, games, physical and digital merchandise, and through select strategic partnerships and investments.
Our Global Live Entertainment business focuses on licensing, developing, and producing live stage shows, concerts, and live immersive experiences and events based on our theatrical and television content. We have announced multiple live entertainment projects, including Wonder and Nashville for Broadway, as well as a live dance show inspired by our Step Up film franchise in partnership with Channing Tatum and Free Association.
Our Interactive Entertainment business focuses on growing a slate that includes games across PC/console, mobile, virtual reality and more, integration of our properties into with marquee games such as Call of Duty, Dead By Daylight and the upcoming Evil Dead: The Game, as well as NFT projects, including as part of a first look deal with Autograph.
Our Location Based Entertainment business licenses and produces our Lionsgate, theatrical, and television brands for theme parks, destinations, and stand-alone attractions and experiences. In January 2022, we opened an expansion of the Lionsgate zone at Motiongate Dubai which features two new roller coasters themed to our John Wick and Now You See Me franchises. Additionally, Escape Blair Witch opened in Las Vegas in August of 2021, and serves as an additional companion attraction to The Official Saw Escape, now in its fourth year of operation.
Music
Our music department creatively manages music for our theatrical and television slates, including overseeing songs, scores and soundtracks for all of our theatrical productions, co-productions and acquisitions, as well as music staffing, scores and soundtracks for all of our television productions. Music revenues are derived from the sales and licensing of music from our films, television, and other productions, and the theatrical exhibition of our films and the broadcast and webcast of our productions.
Ancillary Revenues
Ancillary revenues are derived from the licensing of films and television content at non-theatrical venues including educational and institutional facilities, U.S. military bases, oil rigs, hospitals, hotels, prisons, and on all forms of common carrier transportation, including airlines and ships.
STUDIO BUSINESS: TELEVISION PRODUCTION
Our television business consists of the development, production, syndication and distribution of television programming. We principally generate revenue from the licensing and distribution of such programming to broadcast television networks, pay and basic cable networks, digital platforms and syndicators of first-run programming, which license programs on a station-by-station basis and pay in cash or via barter (i.e., trade of programming for airtime). Each of these platforms may acquire a mix of original and library programming.
After initial exhibition, we distribute programming to subsequent buyers, both domestically and internationally, including basic cable network, premium subscription services or digital platforms (known as “off-network syndicated programming”).
Off-network syndicated programming can be sold in successive cycles of sales which may occur on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis. In addition, television programming is sold on home entertainment (packaged media and via digital delivery) and across all other applicable ancillary revenue streams including music publishing, touring and integration.
As with film production, we use tax credits, subsidies, and other incentive programs for television production in order to maximize our returns and ensure fiscally responsible production models.
Television Production - Television
Lionsgate Television
Despite initial production delays and changes to future network release dates as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic, we completed production on a number of television series. We currently produce, syndicate and distribute nearly 80 television shows on more than 35 networks (including programming produced by Pilgrim Media Group, of which we own a majority interest).
In fiscal 2022, scripted and unscripted programming produced, co-produced or distributed by us and our affiliated entities (see Starz Original Programming below for original programming that appears on our STARZ services), as well as programming syndicated by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Debmar-Mercury, included the following:
Fiscal 2022
Scripted - Lionsgate
Title Network
Acapulco Apple
Black Mafia Family Starz
Blindspotting Starz
Dear White People Netflix
Ghosts CBS
Heels Starz
Hightown Starz
Home Economics ABC
Julia Child HBO Max
Love Life HBO Max
Macgyver CBS
Minx HBO Max
Mythic Quest Apple
Power Book II: Ghost Starz
Power Book III: Raising Kanan Starz
Power Book IV: Force Starz
P-Valley Starz
Run the World Starz
Santa Inc. HBO Max
Serpent Queen Starz
Step Up Starz
Swimming with Sharks Roku
The First Lady Showtime
Welcome to Flatch Fox
Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist NBC
Zoey's Extraordinary Christmas Roku
Fiscal 2022
Unscripted - Lionsgate
Title Network
De Viaje con los Derbez Pantaya
Selling Sunset Netflix
The Real Dirty Dancing Fox
Fiscal 2022
Unscripted - Pilgrim Media Group
Title Network
Ghost Hunters Discovery
Hoffman Family Gold Discovery
Horse for Dogs Animal Planet
My Big Fat Fabulous Life TLC
Renovation Impossible Discovery
Street Outlaws Discovery
Street Outlaws: America's List Discovery
Street Outlaws: Farm Truck & AZN Discovery
Street Outlaws: Fastest in America Discovery
Street Outlaws: Gone Girl Discovery
Street Outlaws: Memphis Discovery
Street Outlaws: No Prep Kings Grudge Night Discovery
The Ultimate Fighter ESPN+
UFO Live Discovery
Wicked Tuna Nat Geo
Wicked Tuna Outer Banks Nat Geo
Zombie Flippers A&E
Fiscal 2022
Syndication - Debmar-Mercury
Title
Central Ave
Family Feud
Nick Cannon
Schitt's Creek
Wendy Williams
Starz Original Programming
For information regarding production of Starz original programming, see Media Networks - Starz Networks - Starz Original Programming.
Television Production- International
We continue to expand our television business through international sales and distribution of original Lionsgate television series, Starz original programming, third party television programming and format acquisitions via packaged media and various digital platforms. Lionsgate UK also continues to build a robust television business alongside its premier film brand through its various joint ventures and investments.
After the pause in television production in fiscal 2021 due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, Lionsgate UK television programming (developed in-house and through Lionsgate UK’s interest and partnerships) that continued, began production, was produced or was broadcast in fiscal 2022, included the following:
Fiscal 2022
Television - Lionsgate UK
Title Network Partner(s)
The Pact BBC Wales Little Door
Motherland Series 3 BBC BBC, Merman
The Goes Wrong Show Series 2 BBC Mischief Screen, Big Talk, BBC
Son of a Critch CBC Project 10, CBC
The Pact Series 2 BBC Little Door
Television Production - Home Entertainment
For information regarding television production home entertainment revenue, see Motion Picture - Home Entertainment above.
Television Production - Other
Other revenues are derived from, among others, the licensing of our television programs to other ancillary markets, the sales and licensing of music from the television broadcasts of our productions, and from our interest in 3 Arts Entertainment, a talent management company. 3 Arts Entertainment receives commission revenue from talent representation and are producers on a number of television shows and films where they receive an executive producer fee and back-end participations.
MEDIA NETWORKS
Media Networks - Starz Networks - United States
Starz Networks is a leading provider of premium subscription video programming to consumers in the U.S. We sell our services on a direct-to-consumer basis and through various other platforms, including OTT providers (such as Amazon, Apple, Google and Hulu), MVPDs, including cable operators (such as Comcast and Charter), satellite television providers (such as DIRECTV and DISH Network), and telecommunications companies (such as AT&T and Verizon).
Our flagship premium service STARZ had 21.0 million subscribers as of March 31, 2022 (not including subscribers who receive programming free as part of a promotional offer). STARZ offers premium original series and recently released and library movies without advertisements. Our other services, STARZ ENCORE and MOVIEPLEX, offer theatrical and independent library movies as well as original and classic television series also without advertisements. Our services include a stand-alone, direct-to-consumer app, 17 linear networks, and on-demand and online viewing platforms. Our app and online viewing platforms offer thousands of monthly movies and series episodes from studio partners, including first-run content, along with a growing line-up of successful original programming. Our services are offered directly to consumers via the STARZ app at www.starz.com or through our retail partners (such as Apple and Google) for a monthly fee, or by our distributors to their subscribers either at a fixed monthly price as part of a programming tier, package or bundle with other products or services, or on an a la carte basis.
The table below depicts our 17 existing linear services, their respective on-demand services, and the STARZ app, and highlights some of their key attributes.
Demographics and Strategy
Designed to complement any basic television offering across both wholesale and retail OTT, as well as traditional MVPD distribution platforms, STARZ is a best-in-class subscription service delivering premium original series and hit movies with appeal to women and diverse audiences worldwide.
We are focused on developing and distributing authentic and engaging programming that resonates with women, African American, Latinx and LGBTQIA audiences, all of which have been traditionally underserved in the premium television space. Driven primarily by growing multiplatform viewership amongst these target audiences, Starz is positioned to continue to capture the digital television transition.
Across our digital platforms, the STARZ app provides an alternative for subscribers looking for a competitively priced option. Subscribers have access to a vast library of quality content and a top-rated user experience, along with the ability to download and watch STARZ original series, blockbuster theatricals and favorite classic TV series and movies without an internet connection.
This strategy, combined with a proven management team, will ensure Starz Networks’ services remain a “must have” for subscribers and a meaningful profit center for our distributors.
Affiliation agreements
Our services are distributed pursuant to affiliation agreements with our distributors. We earn revenue under these agreements either (i) based on amounts or rates tied to the total number of subscribers who receive our services or (ii) based on amounts or rates which are not tied solely to the total number of subscribers who receive our services. Our affiliation agreements expire at various dates through 2026.
We work with our distributors to increase the number of subscribers to our services. To accomplish this, we may help fund the distributors’ efforts to market our services or may permit distributors to offer limited promotional periods with discounted or no payment of subscriber fees. We believe these efforts enhance our relationship with distributors, improve the awareness of our services and maximize subscribers and revenue over the term of these affiliation agreements.
Distributors report the number of subscribers to our services and pay for services, generally, on a monthly basis. The agreements are generally structured to be multi-year agreements with staggered expiration dates and certain of the agreements provide for annual contractual rate increases.
STARZ App
The STARZ app is the single destination for both direct OTT subscribers and distributor authenticated subscribers to stream or download our original series and movie content. The STARZ app:
•Is available for purchase as a standalone OTT service for $8.99/month;
•Is available on a wide array of platforms and devices including Amazon Fire, iOS, Android and Roku, among others;
•Includes on-demand streaming and downloadable access for internet-free viewing;
•Offers instant access to thousands of selections each month (including STARZ original series and commercial free movies); and
•Is available as an additional benefit to paying MVPD subscribers of the Starz Networks’ linear premium services.
Starz Original Programming
Starz Networks contracts with our Television Production segment and other independent production companies to produce original programming that appears on our Starz services.
Starz’s currently announced fiscal 2023 STARZ Originals line-up is as follows:
Title
Gaslit Season 1
Who Is Ghislaine Maxwell (limited series)
Becoming Elizabeth Season 1
P-Valley Season 2
Power Book III: Raising Kanan Season 2
Dangerous Liaisons Season 1
Serpent Queen Season 1
The BMF Documentary: Blowing Money Fast
Step Up Season 3
BMF Season 2
Party Down Season 3
Power Book II: Ghost Season 3
Total Episodes: 99
Starz’s fiscal 2022 STARZ Originals line-up was as follows:
Title
Confronting a Serial Killer Season 1
The Girlfriend Experience Season 3
Run the World Season 1
Little Birds (limited series)
Blindspotting Season 1
Power Book III: Raising Kanan Season 1
Heels Season 1
BMF Season 1
Hightown Season 2
Power Book II: Ghost Season 2
Power Book IV: Force Season 1
Shining Vale Season 1
Outlander Season 6
Total Episodes: 109
Lionsgate and Starz television programming have earned 241 Emmy® Award nominations including 38 wins, as well as numerous Golden Globe ® Awards, NAACP Awards, GLAAD Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards nomination and wins.
Output and Content License Agreements
The majority of content on our services consists of movies that have been released theatrically. Starz has an exclusive multiyear output licensing agreement with Lionsgate for Lionsgate label titles theatrically released in the U.S. starting January 1, 2022, and for Summit label titles theatrically released in the U.S. starting January 1, 2023. Starz also has an exclusive multiyear post pay-one output licensing agreement with Universal for live-action films theatrically released in the U.S. starting January 1, 2022. The Universal agreement provides Starz with rights to exhibit these films immediately following their pay-one windows. In addition, we continue to exhibit films under our exclusive Sony output agreement, which covers qualifying movies released theatrically in the U.S. by certain Sony labels through December 31, 2021.
Under these agreements, Starz has valuable exclusive rights to air these new movies on linear television services, on-demand or online during two separate windows, with at least one year between the first and second windows. Generally, except on a VOD or pay-per-view basis, no other linear service, online streaming or other video service may air or stream these recent releases during Starz’s windows.
Starz also licenses first-run independent feature films acquired through U.S. and international film festivals and other sources as well as library content comprised of older, previously released theatrical movies from many of Hollywood’s major studios. In addition to theatrical movies, Starz licenses television series and other content from studios, production companies or other rights holders. The rights agreements for library content are of varying duration and generally permit Starz’s services to exhibit these movies, series and other programming during certain window periods.
A summary of significant output and library programming agreements (including a library agreement with Lionsgate) are as follows:
Significant output programming agreements Significant library programming agreements
Studio Studio
Lionsgate Paramount
Sony Warner Bros
Universal Twentieth Century Fox
MGM
Sony Pictures
Lionsgate
Universal
Our output agreements generally require us to pay for movies at rates calculated on a pricing grid that is based on each film’s domestic box office performance (subject to maximum amounts payable per movie and a cap on the number of movies that can be put to Starz each year). The amounts Starz pays for library content vary based on each specific agreement, but generally reflect an amount per movie, series or other programming commensurate with the quality (e.g., utility and perceived popularity) of the content being licensed.
Transmission
We currently uplink our programming for our linear services to non-pre-emptible, protected transponders on two satellites positioned in geo-synchronous orbit. These satellites feed our signals to various swaths of the Americas. We lease these transponders under agreements that have termination dates in 2023. We currently are evaluating our options regarding transponder leasing arrangements following the expiration of the current agreements. We transmit to these satellites from our uplink center in Englewood, Colorado. We have made arrangements at a vendor’s facility to uplink our linear channels to these satellites in the event we are unable to do so from our uplink center.
Regulatory Matters
In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) regulates several aspects of our and our distribution ecosystem’s operations and programming. This includes FCC oversight in connection with communications satellites and related uplink/downlink equipment and transmissions, content-specific requirements such as closed captioning, messaging during children’s programming, loudness of commercials, and program access requirements in connection with certain distributors and programmer services with shared attributable interests.
Regulation
The regulation of programming services, cable television systems, direct broadcast satellite providers, broadcast television licensees and online services is subject to the political process and has been in constant flux historically. To the extent that our programming services are distributed through online platforms, we must comply with various federal and state laws and regulations applicable to online communications and commerce. Further material changes in the law and regulatory requirements that affect our business must be anticipated and there can be no assurance that we will not be materially adversely affected by future legislation, new regulation or deregulation.
Media Networks - Starz - International
Starz is available in 60+ countries outside the U.S. through our four (4) international branded services: STARZPLAY in Western Europe, Latin America and Japan; STARZ in Canada; LIONSGATE PLAY in India; and through our STARZPLAY Arabia joint venture in the Middle East and North Africa. These branded services are made available through OTT providers (such as Amazon and Apple), internet protocol television ("IPTV") providers (such as Airtel), PayTV companies (such as Izzi), on a direct-to-consumer basis, and cable and satellite providers in Canada only as a linear service. Across these services, Starz had 12.8 million subscribers as of March 31, 2022. The remainder of this section addresses the offerings operated by STARZPLAY in the 35-country footprint across Western Europe, Latin America and Japan.
International Strategy
STARPLAY is quickly growing its distribution by strategically positioning itself as a complementary pure-play premium content service offered at a competitive subscription price, made available through a diverse ecosystem of wholesale and retail distribution partners. Premium content that targets all adults is the foundation of our international content strategy. We believe this allows us to operate as a complementary service, not a direct competitor, with other higher priced, broad-based video services. STARZPLAY provides subscribers with access to STARZ original series, often airing day-and-date with the U.S., a rich and diverse library of television series, feature films and documentaries from Lionsgate and other Studios, and first-run, exclusive third-party programming, including locally produced television shows that align with the STARZ brand - STARZPLAY Originals. All content available on STARZPLAY is available with sub-titles and/or local language dubbing for each country.
Our distribution strategy is led with a wholesale model and supplemented through direct OTT retail sales. We expect to launch with additional wholesale partners and potentially deploy the STARZPLAY app in additional countries in the coming years.
Affiliation agreements
Our services are distributed pursuant to affiliation agreements with our distributors under a wholesale license, where STARZPLAY is sold as an a la carte channel or bundled within our distributors’ platforms, including Amazon and Apple, as well as local IPTV and Telco partners. Our wholesale distributors manage the technology and infrastructure associated with the exhibition of STARZPLAY in exchange for recurring license fees. Our affiliation agreements expire at various dates through 2026.
We work with distributors to increase the number of subscribers to our services. To accomplish this, we may help fund the distributors’ efforts to market these services or may permit distributors to offer limited promotional periods with discounted or no payment of subscriber fees. We believe these efforts enhance our relationship with distributors, improve the awareness of our services and ultimately increase subscribers and revenue over the term of these affiliation agreements.
Distributors report the number of subscribers to our services and pay for services, generally, on a monthly basis. The agreements are structured on a country-by-country basis, to be multi-year agreements with staggered expiration dates by distributor.
STARZPLAY App
To enhance our subscriber reach, we modified our domestic (U.S.) STARZ retail app for deployment internationally to include, among other new features, full European Union General Data Protection Regulation compliance, support for fourteen (14) languages, multiple audio/closed captioning options and a variety of potential carrier/billing integrations.
The STARZPLAY app is the single destination for direct OTT subscribers to stream on-demand or download our original series and movie content. The STARZPLAY app:
•Is currently available in eighteen (18) countries across Europe and Latin America, including France, Germany, Spain, the UK, Netherlands, Mexico, and Brazil, Argentina, etc.;
•Is offered directly via the STARZPLAY website or via retail storefronts such as the Apple Store, Play Store, Roku Channels, LG, and Amazon Fire;
•Includes a language toggle allowing users to select their preferred language for viewing;
•Offers instant access to approximately 1,000 selections each month (including original series and commercial free movies); and
•Is available for purchase as a standalone OTT service for £5.99 in the UK, €4.99 in Europe and ~$4.50 in Latin America.
STARZPLAY Programming
STARZPLAY contracts with our Television Production segment and other major content licensors to acquire first-run original scripted series and library films that appear on STARZPLAY.
STARZPLAY’s currently expected fiscal 2023 first-run STARZ Originals programming, which will be available to STARZPLAY across its footprint in Canada, Western Europe, Latin America and Japan, is as follows:
Title
Gaslit Season 1
Becoming Elizabeth Season 1
P-Valley Season 2
Power Book III: Raising Kanan Season 2
Dangerous Liaisons Season 1
Serpent Queen Season 1
BMF Documentary: Blowing Money Fast
Step Up Season 3
BMF Season 2
Party Down Season 3
Power Book II: Ghost Season 3
Total Episodes: 96
STARZPLAY’s currently expected fiscal 2023 first-run third-party programming and country availability is as follows:
Title Countries Available Distributor
Tokyo Vice Season 1
UK, Germany ("DE") Endeavor
The Girl from Plainville All markets ex. Canada ("CA") NBCU
Sisi Season 1
Latin America ("LatAm") Betafilm
Evil by Design UK, DE, LatAm, Spain ("ES") Blue Ant
Das Boot Season 3
France ("FR"), LatAm NBCU
Faking Hitler ES, Nordics Fremantle
Euer Ehren Nordics SquareOne
Ramy Season 3
All markets ex. LatAm, Nordics Lionsgate
Queer as Folk Season 1
All markets ex. Japan ("JP"), CA NBCU
Doom Patrol Season 4
UK WB
The Capture Season 2
DE, FR, Benelux, LatAm, Italy ("IT"), ES NBCU
Gangs of London Season 2
FR, Benelux, LatAm, ES, JP Pulse
The Head Season 2
UK, DE MediaPro
Pennyworth Season 3
UK, DE, IT WB
The Great Season 3
All markets ex. JP, Nordics, CA Paramount
Total Episodes: 131
STARZPLAY’s currently expected fiscal 2023 first-run STARZPLAY Originals programming and country availability is as follows:
Title Countries Available Distributor
El Refugio Season 1
LatAm, ES Fremantle
Toda la Sangre Season 1
LatAm Spiral
All Those Things We Never Said All markets ex. FR, JP, Nordics StudioCanal
Nacho Season 1
LatAm, ES Bambu
Yellow LatAm, ES The Immigrant
Total Episodes: 39
STARZPLAY’s fiscal 2022 first-run STARZ Originals programming was as follows:
Title
Confronting a Serial Killer Season 1
The Girlfriend Experience Season 3
Run the World Season 1
Blindspotting Season 1
Power Book III: Raising Kanan Season 1
Heels Season 1
BMF Season 1
Hightown Season 2
Power Book II: Ghost Season 2
Power Book IV: Force Season 1
Shining Vale Season 1
Total Episodes: 95
STARZPLAY’s fiscal 2022 first-run STARZPLAY Originals programming and country availability was as follows:
Title Countries Available Distributor
Mala Yerba LatAm, ES Sony
Express Season 1
LatAm, ES, FR, IT MediaPro
Senorita ’89 Season 1
LatAm, ES Fremantle
Total Episodes: 26
STARZPLAY’s fiscal 2022 first-run third-party programming and country availability was as follows:
Title Countries Available Distributor
Godfather of Harlem Season 2
UK, FR Disney
It’s A Sin DE, IT All3Media
Love Life Season 1
DE Lionsgate
Dr. Death Season 1
All markets ex. DE, CA NBCU
Gigantes Season 1
Brazil About Premium Content
Gigantes Season 2
Brazil About Premium Content
Dr. Death: The Undoctored Story UK, FR, Benelux, LatAm, ES NBCU
Une Affaire Francaise DE, ES Federation
Vigil Season 1
CA ITV
Doom Patrol Season 3
UK WB
The Great Season 2
All markets ex. JP, CA Paramount
Station Eleven UK, DE Paramount
Baptiste Season 2
DE, FR, LatAm All3Media
Outlander Season 6
UK Sony
Love Life Season 2
DE Lionsgate
Killing Eve Season 4
DE Endeavor
Total Episodes: 123
Significant multi-country library programming agreements include those with Studio Canal, Tele München Group, Sony, Universal and Lionsgate.
Regulatory Matters
Distribution of our programming services in non-U.S. jurisdictions may be subject to the laws of the jurisdictions in which they operate. The applicability and enforcement of laws in some non-U.S. jurisdictions can be inconsistent and unpredictable. As a result, our ability to generate revenue and our expenses in non-U.S. jurisdictions could be impacted. There may be further material changes in the law and regulatory requirements.
JOINT VENTURES, PARTNERSHIPS AND OWNERSHIP INTERESTS
Our joint ventures, partnerships and ownership interests support our strategy of being a multiplatform global industry leader in entertainment. We regularly evaluate our existing properties, libraries and other assets and businesses in order to determine whether they continue to enhance our competitive position in the industry, have the potential to generate significant long-term returns, represent an optimal use of our capital, and are aligned with our goals. When appropriate, we discuss potential strategic transactions with third parties for purchase of our properties, libraries or other assets or businesses that factor into these evaluations. As a result, we may, from time to time, determine to sell individual properties, libraries or other assets or businesses or enter into additional joint ventures, strategic transactions and similar arrangements for individual properties, libraries or other assets or businesses. Our more significant joint ventures, partnerships and ownership interests include the following:
3 Arts Entertainment We hold a majority interest in 3 Arts Entertainment, a leading talent management and television/film production company.
Pilgrim Media Group We hold a majority interest in Pilgrim Media Group, a leader in unscripted programming.
Roadside Attractions We hold an interest in Roadside Attractions, an independent theatrical distribution company.
Intellectual Property
We currently use and own or license a number of trademarks, service marks, copyrights, domain names and similar intellectual property in connection with our businesses and own registrations and applications to register them both domestically and internationally. We believe that ownership of, and/or the right to use, such trademarks, service marks, copyrights, domain names and similar intellectual property is an important factor in our businesses and that our success depends, in part, on such ownership.
Motion picture and television piracy is extensive in many parts of the world, including South America, Asia and certain Eastern European countries, and is made easier by technological advances and the conversion of content into digital formats. This trend facilitates the creation, transmission and sharing of high quality unauthorized copies of content on packaged media and through digital formats. The proliferation of unauthorized copies of these products has had and will likely continue to have an adverse effect on our business, because these products may reduce the revenue we receive from our products. Our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights is subject to certain risks and, from time to time, we encounter disputes over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property. We cannot provide assurance that we will prevail in any intellectual property disputes.
Competitive Conditions
Our businesses operate in highly competitive markets. We compete with companies within the entertainment and media business and from alternative forms of leisure entertainment, such as travel, sporting events, outdoor recreation and other cultural related activities. We compete with the major studios, numerous independent motion picture and television production companies, television networks, pay television services and digital media platforms for the acquisition of literary, film and television properties, the services of performing artists, directors, producers and other creative and technical personnel and production financing, all of which are essential to the success of our businesses. In addition, our motion pictures compete for audience acceptance and exhibition outlets with motion pictures produced and distributed by other companies. Likewise, our television product faces significant competition from independent distributors as well as major studios. Moreover, our networks compete with other programming networks for viewing and subscribership by each distributor’s customer base, as well as for carriage by such distributors. As a result, the success of any of our motion picture, television or media networks business is dependent not only on the quality and acceptance of a particular film or program, but also on the quality and acceptance of other competing content released into the marketplace at or near the same time as well as on the ability to license and produce content for the networks that is adequate in quantity and quality and will generate satisfactory subscriber levels.
Human Capital Management
Employees
As of May 20, 2022, we had 1,448 full-time employees in our worldwide operations. We also utilize many consultants in the ordinary course of our business and hire additional employees on a project-by-project basis in connection with the production of our motion pictures and television programming.
Diversity Equity & Inclusion
We believe that embracing diversity, promoting a culture of inclusivity and accelerating the representation of women and historically excluded groups in our workforce is crucial to our success. Our Chief Diversity Officer partners with our leadership team across all of our businesses to effect changes in recruitment, hiring, promotions, policies and culture, and to orchestrate our Company-wide response to issues of inequality and workforce disparity.
We also maintain the following recruitment and hiring initiatives:
•Internship Programs: We maintain an internship program designed to increase inclusion across the entertainment industry by placing qualifying students in positions at Lionsgate and various other studios.
•Targeted Recruitment: We continue recruitment efforts that include collaborating with diverse partner organizations, college campus diversity organizations for underrepresented groups, as well as historically black colleges in our search for new employees and interns.
•Inclusive Hiring Process: We implement inclusive hiring practices to ensure that we are attracting the best talent in the industry through a more equitable, inclusive, and accessible approach. Key components of the framework
include bias free job descriptions, inclusive hiring training, external diversity partners, diverse candidate slates, and diverse, cross-functional interview panels.
•Supplier Diversity Program: The mission of our Supplier Diversity Program is to actively establish relationships with diverse businesses and to continuously strive to increase spend with diverse suppliers, while delivering more competitive pricing, quality, service, innovation and creativity in procurement of services. We believe that this initiative increases the breadth of our vendor pool, while also encouraging the growth of diverse businesses.
Employee Resource Groups
We are proud to provide our employees with an array of Employee Resource Groups (“ERGs”) which offer them the chance to establish a greater presence at Lionsgate and an opportunity to enhance cross-cultural awareness, develop leadership skills and network across the Company’s various business units and levels. The ERGs are voluntary, employee-led groups that foster a diverse, engaging, and inclusive workplace.
•Lionsgate Early Career Group aims to inspire curiosity and networking to foster growth for professionals in early stages of their careers.
•Lionsgate Multicultural Employee Resource Group advocates for a more inclusive workplace and entertainment landscape through programs that educate, activate and celebrate multicultural diversity and its global impact.
•Lionsgate Parents Group aims to bring together parents, expecting parents, caregivers, and allies to ensure our community fosters an environment that supports all families.
•Lionsgate Pride supports, develops and inspires future LGBTQIA leaders within the Company and the industry.
•Lionsgate Vets creates a community of veterans and their supporters working together to enhance veteran presence and engage the industry from the unique perspective of a military background.
•Lionsgate Women’s Empowerment Group creates a community that improves the prominence of female leaders and empowers women at all levels within the Company and the industry.
Lionshares
We are committed to acting responsibly and making a positive difference in the local and global community through Lionshares, the umbrella for our companywide commitment to our communities. Lionshares is a volunteer program that seeks to provide opportunities for employees within the Lionsgate family to partner with a diverse range of charitable organizations. The program not only enriches the Lionsgate work experience through cultural and educational outreach, but also positively interacts and invests in the local and global community.
Other Employee Benefits and Programs
We understand the importance of well-rounded and inclusive benefits and programs and are dedicated to providing our employees with unique offerings that meet their individual needs. With respect to benefits, we offer a comprehensive benefits package which includes family forming benefits, mental health support, resources for caregiving (children and adult family), online fitness and meditation classes, and new parent coaching. With respect to learning and engagement, we offer programs to develop and enrich the employee experience with offerings such as tuition reimbursement, leadership development program, mentorship, and additional programs to help support specific populations (e.g., minorities, women, parents, LGBTQ+) such as frequently hosting internal forums and expert panels in order to foster meaningful conversations and highlight diverse voices at Lionsgate and in the industry. We received the designation as a “Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality” for 2022.
Corporate History
We are a corporation organized under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, resulting from the merger of Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and Beringer Gold Corp. on November 13, 1997. Beringer Gold Corp. was incorporated under the Business Corporation Act (British Columbia) on May 26, 1986 as IMI Computer Corp. Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. was incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act using the name 3369382 Canada Limited on April 28, 1997, amended its articles on July 3, 1997 to change its name to Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., and on September 24, 1997, continued under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).
Available Information
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are available, free of charge, on our website at investors.lionsgate.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material
with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company's Disclosure Policy, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Standards for Director Independence, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Officers and Employees, Policy on Shareholder Communications, Related Person Transaction Policy, Charter of the Audit & Risk Committee, Charter of the Compensation Committee and Charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and any amendments thereto are also available on the Company's website, as well as in print to any shareholder who requests them. The information posted on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We will disclose on our website waivers of, or amendments to, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer or persons performing similar functions.
The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
You should carefully consider the following risks as well as other information included in, or incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K. The risk and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Company; additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business. If any of these risks and uncertainties occur, they could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Risks Related to Our Business
The impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic could continue to materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Since fiscal 2020, the impacts associated with the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic (including its variants), measures to prevent its spread, and the resulting economic uncertainty, affected our business in a number of ways. We experienced delays in theatrical distribution of our films, both domestically and internationally, as well as delays in the production of film and television content (resulting in continued changes in future release dates for some titles and series). Although film and television production have generally resumed, we continue to see disruption of production activities depending on local circumstances. We also cannot predict whether productions that have resumed will be paused again, the impact of incremental costs required to adhere to health and safety protocols, or if and when certain of our content will be released. Additionally, although theaters have reopened in certain locations subject to capacity limitations and shifting government mandates or guidance regarding COVID-19 restrictions. With reduced capacity, we are not able to accurately predict when theaters will re-open at scale, at what level consumers will return to movie theaters and the impact of a potentially crowded marketplace from movies which are awaiting theatrical release in the market. Fewer theatrical releases and production delays have limited the availability of film content to be sold in distribution windows subsequent to the theatrical release. The impact of these disruptions and the extent of their adverse impact on our financial and operating results will be dictated by the length of time that such disruptions continue, which will, in turn, depend on the currently unknowable duration and severity of the impacts of COVID-19 and its variants, and among other things, the impact of governmental actions imposed in response to COVID-19 and individuals’ and companies’ risk tolerance regarding health matters going forward. We have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs to address government regulations and the safety of our employees and talent. All of these impacts could place limitations on our ability to execute our business plan and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Due to the continued evolving and uncertain nature of this situation, we are not able to estimate the full extent of the impact on our operating results, cash flows and financial position, particularly over the near to medium term.
We face substantial capital requirements and financial risks.
The production, acquisition and distribution of motion picture and television content requires substantial capital. A significant amount of time may elapse between our expenditure of funds and the receipt of revenues after release or distribution of such content. Although we reduce the risks of production exposure through tax credit programs, government and industry programs, co-financiers and other sources, we cannot assure you that we will continue to successfully implement these arrangements or that we will not be subject to substantial financial risks relating to the production, acquisition and distribution of future motion picture and television content. Additionally, the production, completion and distribution of motion picture and television content can be subject to a number of uncertainties, including delays and increased expenditures due to disruptions or events beyond our control. As a result, if production incurs substantial budget overruns, we may have to seek additional financing or fund the overrun ourselves. We cannot make assurances regarding the availability of such additional financing on terms
acceptable to us, or that we will recoup these costs. For instance, increased costs or budget overruns incurred with respect to a particular film may prevent a picture from being completed or released or may result in a delayed release and the postponement to a potentially less favorable date, all of which could cause a decline in box office performance, and, thus, the overall financial success of such film. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
We may incur significant write-offs if our projects do not perform well enough to recoup costs.
We are required to amortize capitalized production costs over the expected revenue streams as we recognize revenue from films or other projects. The amount of production costs that will be amortized each quarter depends on, among other things, how much future revenue we expect to receive from each project. Unamortized production costs are evaluated for impairment each reporting period on a project-by-project basis. If estimated remaining revenue is not sufficient to recover the unamortized production costs, including, for instance, because of delayed theatrical distribution of films as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effects, those costs will be written down to fair value. In any given quarter, if we lower our previous forecast with respect to total anticipated revenue from any film or other project, we may be required to accelerate amortization or record impairment charges with respect to the unamortized costs, even if we previously recorded impairment charges for such film or other project. Such impairment charges could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.
Changes in our business strategy, plans for growth or restructuring may increase our costs or otherwise affect our profitability.
As changes in our business environment occur, we may adjust our business strategies to meet these changes, which may include growing a particular area of business or restructuring a particular business or asset. In addition, external events including changing technology, changing consumer patterns, acceptance of our theatrical and television offerings and changes in macroeconomic condition, including the volatility and uncertainty in financial markets as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, may impair the value of our assets. When these occur, we may incur costs to change our business strategy and may need to write down the value of assets. We may also make investments in existing or new businesses, including investments in the international expansion of our business and in new business lines (e.g., our direct-to-consumer and licensed offerings). Some of these investments may have negative or low short-term returns and the ultimate prospects of the businesses may be uncertain or, in international markets, may not develop at a rate that supports our level of investment. In any of these events, our costs may increase, we may have significant charges associated with the write-down of assets, or returns on new investments may be lower than prior to the change in strategy, plans for growth or restructuring.
Our revenues and results of operations may fluctuate significantly.
Our results of operations depend significantly upon the commercial success of the motion picture, television and other content that we sell, license or distribute, which cannot be predicted with certainty. In particular, the underperformance at the box office of one or more motion pictures in any period may cause our revenue and earnings results for that period (and potentially, subsequent periods) to be less than anticipated, in some instances, to a significant extent. Accordingly, our results of operations may fluctuate significantly from period to period, and the results of any one period may not be indicative of the results for any future periods. Our results of operations also fluctuate due to the timing, mix, number and availability of our theatrical motion picture and home entertainment releases, as well as license periods for content. Our operating results may increase or decrease during a particular period or fiscal year due to differences in the number and/or mix of films released compared to the corresponding period in the prior fiscal year. Moreover, low ratings for television programming produced by us may lead to the cancellation of a program and can negatively affect future license fees for the cancelled program. If we decide to no longer air programming due to low ratings or other factors, we could incur significant programming impairments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in a given period. In addition, the comparability of our results may be affected by changes in accounting guidance or changes in our ownership of certain assets and businesses. Accordingly, our results of operations from year to year may not be directly comparable to prior reporting periods.
We do not have long-term arrangements with many of our production or co-financing partners.
We typically do not enter into long term production contracts with the creative producers of motion picture and television content that we produce, acquire or distribute. Moreover, we generally have certain derivative rights that provide us with distribution rights to, for example, prequels, sequels and remakes of certain content we produce, acquire or distribute. There is no guarantee that we will produce, acquire or distribute future content by any creative producer or co-financing partner, and a failure to do so could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
We rely on a few major retailers and distributors to sell our packaged media and the loss of any of those could reduce our revenues and operating results.
A small number of other retailers and distributors account for a material percentage of our revenues in Home Entertainment for our Motion Picture segment. We do not have long-term agreements with retailers. We cannot assure you that we will continue to maintain favorable relationships with our retailers and distributors or that they will not be adversely affected by economic conditions, including, as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effects.
We depend on distributors that carry our STARZ programming, and no assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain and renew these affiliation agreements on favorable terms or at all.
STARZ currently distributes programming through affiliation agreements with many distributors, including Altice, Amazon, Charter, Comcast, Cox, DIRECTV, DISH Network, Hulu and Verizon. These agreements are scheduled to expire at various dates through 2026. The largest distributors can have significant leverage in their relationship with certain programmers, including STARZ. Furthermore, STARZ depends on a limited number of major global partners to distribute its content internationally. The renewal negotiation process for affiliation agreements is typically lengthy. In certain cases, renewals are not agreed upon prior to the expiration of a given agreement, while the programming typically continues to be carried by the relevant distributor pursuant to the other terms and conditions in the affiliation agreement. STARZ may be unable to obtain renewals with our current distributors on acceptable terms, if at all. STARZ may also be unable to successfully negotiate affiliation agreements with new distributors to carry our programming. The failure to renew affiliation agreements on acceptable terms, or the failure to negotiate new affiliation agreements at all, in each case covering a material portion of households, could result in a discontinuation of carriage, or could otherwise materially adversely affect our subscriber growth, revenue and earnings which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. Moreover, given the limited number of global partners, the loss of one more of STARZ global partners could materially adversely affect our international business, operating results, and growth prospects.
Increasing rates paid by distributors to other programmers may result in increased rates charged to their subscribers for their services, making it more costly for subscribers to purchase our STARZ services.
The amounts paid by distributors to certain programming networks for the rights to carry broadcast networks and sports networks have increased in recent years. As a result, distributors have passed on some of these increases to their subscribers. The rates that subscribers pay for programming from distributors continue to increase each year and these increases may impact our ability, as a premium subscription video provider, to increase or even maintain our subscriber levels and may adversely impact our revenue and earnings which could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
A significant portion of our library revenues comes from a small number of titles.
We depend on a limited number of titles in any given fiscal quarter for the majority of the revenues generated by our library. In addition, many of the titles in our library are not presently distributed and generate substantially no revenue. Moreover, our rights to the titles in our library vary; in some cases, we only hold the right to distribute titles in certain media and territories for a limited term. If we cannot acquire new product and the rights to popular titles through production, distribution agreements, acquisitions, mergers, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, or renew expiring rights to titles generating a significant portion of our revenue on acceptable terms, any such failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
We are subject to risks associated with possible acquisitions, dispositions, business combinations, or joint ventures.
From time to time, we engage in discussions and activities with respect to possible acquisitions, sale of assets, business combinations, or joint ventures intended to complement or expand our business. However, we may not realize the anticipated benefit from the transactions we pursue; there may be liabilities assumed that we did not discover or that we underestimated in the course of performing our due diligence; the negotiation of the transaction and the integration of the acquired business could require us to incur significant costs and cause diversion of management's time and resources; the transaction could result in impairment of goodwill and other intangibles, development write-offs and other related expenses; the transaction may pose challenges in the consolidation and integration of information technology, accounting systems, personnel and operations; and
we may have difficulty managing the combined entity in the short term if we experience a significant loss of management personnel during the transition period after a significant acquisition. No assurance can be given that expansion or acquisition opportunities will be successful, completed on time, or that we will realize expected operating efficiencies, cost savings, revenue enhancements, synergies or other benefits. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. If we determine to sell individual properties, libraries or other assets or businesses, we will benefit from the net proceeds realized from such sales. However, our revenues may suffer in the long term due to the disposition of a revenue generating asset, or the timing of such dispositions may be poor, causing us to fail to realize the full value of the disposed asset, all of which may diminish our ability to service our indebtedness and repay our notes and our other indebtedness at maturity. Furthermore, our future growth may be inhibited if the disposed asset contributed in a significant way to the diversification of our business platform.
Our success depends on attracting and retaining key personnel.
Our success depends upon the continued efforts, abilities and expertise of our executive teams and other key employees, including production, creative and technical personnel, including, in turn, on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train and retain such personnel. We have entered into employment agreements with top executive officers and production executives but do not currently have significant “key person” life insurance policies for any employee. Although it is standard in the industry to rely on employment agreements as a method of retaining the services of key employees, these agreements cannot assure us of the continued services of such employees. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying, attracting, hiring, training and retaining such personnel in the future, and our inability to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Our success depends on external factors in the motion picture and television industry.
Generally, the popularity of our programs depends on many factors, including the critical acclaim they receive, the format of their initial release, their talent, their genre and their specific subject matter, audience reaction, the quality and acceptance of content that our competitors release into the marketplace at or near the same time, critical reviews, the availability of alternative forms of entertainment and leisure activities, general economic conditions and other tangible and intangible factors, many of which we do not control and all of which may change. In addition, because a title’s performance in ancillary markets, such as home video and pay and free television, is often directly related to its box office performance or television ratings, poor box office results or poor television ratings may negatively affect future revenue streams. Our success will depend on the experience and judgment of our management to select and develop new investment and production opportunities.
Our business also depends in part upon viewer preferences and audience acceptance of STARZ’s network programming. These factors are difficult to predict and are subject to influences beyond our control, such as the quality and appeal of competing programming, general economic conditions and the availability of other entertainment activities. We may not be able to anticipate and react effectively to shifts in tastes and interests in markets. A change in viewer preferences could cause STARZ’s programming to decline in popularity, which could jeopardize renewal of affiliation agreements with distributors. In addition, our competitors may have more flexible programming arrangements, as well as greater amounts of available content, distribution and capital resources and may be able to react more quickly than we can to shifts in tastes and interests. To an increasing extent, the success of our business, including STARZ, depends on exclusive original programming and our ability to accurately predict how audiences will respond to our original programming. We must invest substantial amounts in the production and marketing of our original programming before we learn whether such content will reach anticipated audience acceptance levels. Because original programming often involves a greater degree of financial commitment, as compared to acquired programming that we license from third parties, and because our branding strategies depend significantly on a relatively small number of original series, a failure to anticipate viewer preferences for such series could be especially detrimental to our business.
We compete with other programming services, including cable programming, national broadcast television, local broadcast television stations and digital services to secure desired programming, the competition for which has increased as the number of programming services has increased. Increased competition may drive up talent and production costs and may force some programming services to commit to straight-to-series orders for programming instead of a pilot order. If we commit to straight-to-series orders and those series do not meet anticipated production or quality standards or are otherwise not accepted by audiences, revisions to the programming may be necessary, which could increase production costs. The increased financial commitment for a straight-to-series order also could increase the risks associated with such an order. Other programming services that are affiliated with programming sources such as movie or television studios or film libraries may have a
competitive advantage over us in this area. Some of these competitors have exclusive contracts with motion picture studios or independent motion picture distributors or own film libraries.
Global economic turmoil and regional economic conditions could adversely affect our business.
Global economic turmoil, such as that created by the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effects, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, including the indirect impacts as a result of sanctions and economic disruptions, may cause a general tightening in the credit markets, lower levels of liquidity, increases in the rates of default and bankruptcy, levels of intervention from the U.S. federal government and other foreign governments, decreased consumer confidence, overall slower economic activity and extreme volatility in credit, equity and fixed income markets. A decrease in economic activity in the U.S. or in other regions of the world in which we do business could adversely affect demand for our content, thus reducing our revenues and earnings. A decline in economic conditions could reduce performance of our theatrical, television and home entertainment releases. In addition, an increase in price levels generally could result in a shift in consumer demand away from the entertainment we offer, which could also adversely affect our revenues and, at the same time, increase our costs. For instance, lower household income and decreases in U.S. consumer discretionary spending, which is sensitive to general economic conditions, may affect cable television and other video service subscriptions, in particular with respect to digital programming packages, premium video programming packages and premium a la carte services on which our networks are typically carried. A reduction in spending may cause a decrease in subscribers to our networks, which could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. Moreover, financial institution failures may cause us to incur increased expenses or make it more difficult to finance any future acquisitions, or engage in other financing activities.
We could be adversely affected by strikes or other union job actions.
We are directly or indirectly dependent upon highly specialized union members who are essential to the production of motion pictures and television content. A strike by, or a lockout of, one or more of the unions that provide personnel essential to the production of motion pictures or television content could delay or halt our ongoing production activities, or could cause a delay or interruption in our release of new motion pictures and television content. A strike may result in increased costs and decreased revenue, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Unforeseen business interruptions from circumstances or events out of our control could adversely affect our operations.
Our operations are vulnerable to outages and interruptions due to fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures, pandemics such as the COVID-19 global pandemic, and similar events beyond our control. Our headquarters are located in Southern California, which is subject to natural disasters such as earthquakes and wildfires. Delays caused by such natural disaster or weather impacts could adversely affect our ability to meet deadlines, could suspend production and may increase our costs. Although we have developed certain plans to respond in the event of a disaster, there can be no assurance that they will be effective in the event of a specific disaster. In the event of a short-term power outage, we have installed uninterrupted power source equipment designed to protect our equipment. A long-term power outage, however, could disrupt our operations.
We also experienced a disruption to our business as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, which, in certain instances, increased our costs and delayed or suspended production of our programming. We will continue to actively monitor the issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic and may take further actions that alter our business operations, including content production, as may be required by federal, state, local or foreign authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, members, partners and stockholders. It is not clear what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our members, suppliers or vendors, or on our financial results. In addition to the potential direct impacts to our business, the global economy may continue to be impacted as a result of the actions taken in response to COVID-19. To the extent that such a weakened global economy impacts consumers’ ability or willingness to pay for our service or vendors’ ability to provide services to us, especially those related to our content productions, we could see our business and results of operations negatively impacted.
Although we currently carry business interruption insurance for potential losses (including earthquake-related losses), there can be no assurance that such insurance will be sufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur or that such insurance may continue to be available on affordable terms. Any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
STARZ’s programming is transmitted from STARZ’s uplink center in Englewood, Colorado. STARZ uses this center for a variety of purposes, including signal processing, satellite uplinking, program editing, on-air promotions, creation of programming segments (i.e., interstitials) to fill short gaps between featured programs, quality control and live and recorded playback. STARZ’s uplink center is equipped with backup generator power and other redundancies. However, like other facilities, this facility is subject to interruption from fire, lightning, adverse weather conditions and other natural causes. Equipment failure, employee misconduct or outside interference could also disrupt the facility’s services. STARZ has made arrangements at a third-party facility to uplink STARZ’s linear channels and services to STARZ’s satellites in the event STARZ is unable to do so from this facility. Additionally, STARZ currently has direct fiber connectivity to certain of STARZ’s distributors, which would allow continuous operation with respect to a significant segment of STARZ’s subscriber base in the event of a satellite transmission interruption. Notwithstanding these precautions, any significant or prolonged interruption of operations at STARZ’s facility, and any failure by STARZ’s third-party facility to perform as intended, would have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. In addition, our success in the U.S. is dependent upon our continued ability to transmit STARZ’s programming to distributors through STARZ’s satellite uplink facility. STARZ has entered into long-term satellite transponder leases that expire in 2023 for carriage of the STARZ networks’ programming. These leases provide for replacement transponders and/or replacement satellites, as applicable, throughout the term of the leases to ensure continued carriage of STARZ programming in the event of transponder or satellite failures. Termination or interruption of satellite transmissions may occur and could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. Despite STARZ’s efforts to secure transponder capacity with long-term satellite transponder leases, there is a risk that when these leases expire, we may not be able to secure capacity on a transponder on the same or similar terms, if at all.
We face substantial competition in all aspects of our business.
We are an independent distributor and producer. Most of the major U.S. studios are part of large diversified corporate groups with a variety of other operations that can provide both the means of distributing their products and stable sources of earnings that may allow them to better offset fluctuations in the financial performance of their motion picture and television operations. The subscription video programming industry is highly competitive. Our STARZ networks compete with other programming networks and other video programming services for marketing and distribution by distributors. We face intense competition from other providers of programming networks for the right to be carried by a particular distributor and for the right to be carried by such distributor on a particular “tier” or in a particular “package” of service. Certain programming networks affiliated with broadcast networks like ABC, CBS, Fox or NBC or other programming networks affiliated with sports and certain general entertainment networks with strong viewer ratings, have a competitive advantage over our networks in obtaining distribution through the “bundling” of carriage agreements for such programming networks with a distributor’s right to carry the affiliated broadcasting network. The inability of our programming networks to be carried by one or more distributors, or the inability of our programming networks to be placed on a particular tier or programming package could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
We must successfully respond to technological changes and alternative forms of delivery or storage to remain competitive.
The entertainment industry continues to undergo significant developments as advances in technologies and new methods of product delivery and storage (including the emergence of alternative distribution platforms), and certain changes in consumer behavior driven by these developments emerge. New technologies affect the demand for our content, the manner in which our content is distributed to consumers, the sources and nature of competing content offerings and the time and manner in which consumers acquire and view our content. New technologies also may affect our ability to maintain or grow our business and may increase our capital expenditures. We and our distributors must adapt our businesses to shifting patterns of content consumption and changing consumer behavior and preferences through the adoption and exploitation of new technologies. If we cannot successfully exploit these and other emerging technologies, our appeal to targeted audiences might decline which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
We face economic, political, regulatory, and other risks from doing business internationally.
We distribute content outside the U.S. and derive revenues from international sources. As a result, our business is subject to certain risks inherent in international business, many of which are beyond our control. These risks may include: difficulties in understanding and complying with local laws, regulations and customs in foreign jurisdictions; the loss of one or more of the major global partners that we rely upon to distribute our programming internationally; laws and policies adversely affecting trade, investment and taxes, including laws and policies relating to the repatriation of funds and withholding taxes, and changes in these laws; sanctions imposed on countries, entities and individuals with whom we conduct business (such as those imposed
due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine); the impact of trade disputes; anti-corruption laws and regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act that impose strict requirements on how we conduct our foreign operations and changes in these laws and regulations; changes in local regulatory requirements including regulations designed to stimulate local productions, promote and preserve local culture and economic activity (including local content quotas, investment obligations, local ownership requirements, and levies to support local film funds); censorship requirements that may cause us to remove or edit popular content, leading to consumer disappointment, brand tarnishment or consumer dissatisfaction; regulatory requirements or government action against our service, whether in response to enforcement of actual or purported legal and regulatory requirements or otherwise, that results in disruption or non-availability of our service or particular content in the applicable jurisdiction; inability to adapt our offerings successfully to differing languages, cultural tastes, and preferences in international markets; international jurisdictions where laws are less protective of intellectual property and varying attitudes towards the piracy of intellectual property; laws and policies relating to data privacy and security such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation; establishing and protecting a new brand identity in competitive markets; financial instability and increased market concentration of buyers in foreign television markets, including in European pay television markets; the instability of foreign economies and governments; currency exchange restrictions, export controls and currency devaluation risks in some foreign countries; the spread of communicable diseases (such as the COVID-19 global pandemic), which may impact business in such jurisdictions; and war and acts of terrorism (such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine). For additional information about the data privacy and security laws and regulations to which we are or may become subject and about the risks to our business associated with such laws and regulations see, “Our activities are subject to a variety of stringent and changing obligations which may adversely impact our operations” and “Service disruptions or failures of the Company’s or our vendors’ information systems and networks” sections respectively.
Additionally, with respect to our direct-to-consumer offerings, these risks may include: differing technical, architectural and payment processing systems and costs as well as consumer use and acceptance of electronic payment methods, such as credit cards; availability of reliable broadband connectivity and wide area networks in targeted areas for expansion; low usage and/or penetration of internet-connected consumer electronic devices; new and different sources of competition; and laws and policies relating to consumer protection.
We are managing and adjusting our international business to address varied content offerings, consumer customs and practices, in particular those dealing with e-commerce and streaming video, as well as differing and changing legal and regulatory environments. As online streaming grows in international markets, governments may look to introduce new or extend legacy regulations to these services, in particular those related to broadcast media, consumer privacy and tax. While we believe our legal and regulatory positions are consistent with the laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, it is possible that we will be required to comply with new regulations or legislation or new interpretations of existing regulations or legislation. In such an event, increased jurisdictional legal or regulatory oversight and/or action could cause us to incur additional expenses or alter our business model.
Protecting and defending against intellectual property claims may have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our ability to compete depends, in part, upon successful protection of our intellectual property. We attempt to protect proprietary and intellectual property rights to our productions through available copyright and trademark laws and licensing and distribution arrangements with reputable international companies in specific territories and media for limited durations. Despite these precautions, existing copyright and trademark laws afford only limited practical protection in certain countries where we distribute our products. As a result, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy and distribute our productions or certain portions or applications of our intended productions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. Litigation may also be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Any such litigation, infringement or invalidity claims could result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. Our more successful and popular film or television products or franchises may experience higher levels of infringing activity, particularly around key release dates. Alleged infringers have claimed and may claim that their products are permitted under fair use or similar doctrines, that they are entitled to compensatory or punitive damages because our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights are illegal or improper, and that our key trademarks or other significant intellectual property are invalid. Such claims, even if meritless, may result in adverse publicity or costly litigation. We vigorously defend our copyrights and trademarks from infringing products and activity, which can result in litigation. We may receive unfavorable preliminary or interim rulings in the course of litigation, and there can be no assurance that a favorable final outcome will be obtained in all cases. Additionally, one of the risks of the film and television production business is the possibility that others may claim that our productions and production techniques misappropriate or infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. From time to time we are subject to claims and legal proceedings regarding alleged infringement
by us of the intellectual property rights (including patents) of third parties. Such claims, whether or not meritorious, may result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources, require the development of alternative technology or business practices, injunctions against us, or payments for licenses or damages. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims. Regardless of the validity or the success of the assertion of any such claims, we could incur significant costs and diversion of resources in enforcing our intellectual property rights or in defending against such claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Our business involves risks of liability claims for content of material, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As a distributor of media content, we may face potential liability for defamation, invasion of privacy, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement, and other claims based on the nature and content of the materials distributed. These types of claims have been brought, sometimes successfully, against producers and distributors of media content. Any imposition of liability that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Piracy of films and television programs could adversely affect our business over time.
Piracy is extensive in many parts of the world and is made easier by the availability of digital copies of content and technological advances allowing conversion of films and television content into digital formats. This trend facilitates the creation, transmission and sharing of high quality unauthorized copies of motion pictures and television content. The proliferation of unauthorized copies of these products has had and will likely continue to have an adverse effect on our business, because these products reduce the revenue we receive from our products. In order to contain this problem, we may have to implement elaborate and costly security and anti-piracy measures, which could result in significant expenses and losses of revenue. We cannot assure you that even the highest levels of security and anti-piracy measures will prevent piracy.
Service disruptions or failures of the Company’s or our third-party service providers’ information systems and networks as a result of computer viruses, misappropriation of data or other bad acts, natural disasters, extreme weather, accidental releases of information or other similar events, may disrupt our businesses, damage our reputation, expose us to regulatory investigations, actions, litigation, fines and penalties or have a negative impact on our results of operations including but not limited to d loss of revenue or profit, loss of customers or sales and other adverse consequences.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may process proprietary, confidential, and sensitive data, including personal information, intellectual property, and trade secrets (collectively, sensitive information). We may rely upon third-party service providers and technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive information in a variety of contexts. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. Cyberattacks, malicious internet-based activity, and online and offline fraud are prevalent and continue to increase. These threats are becoming increasingly difficult to detect. These threats come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation-states, and nation-state-supported actors. We and the third parties upon which we rely may be subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social-engineering attacks (including through phishing attacks), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks (such as credential stuffing), personnel misconduct or error, ransomware attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures and other similar threats.
Ransomware attacks, including by organized criminal threat actors, nation-states, and nation-state-supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of data and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments. Similarly, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties and infrastructure in our supply chain or our third-party partners’ supply chains have not been compromised or that they do not contain exploitable defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or disruption to our information technology systems (including our products/services) or the third-party information technology systems that support us and our services. The COVID-19 pandemic and our remote workforce poses increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as more of our employees work from home, utilizing network connections outside our premises. Future or past business transactions
(such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies.
Any of the previously identified or similar threats could cause a security incident or other interruption. A security incident or other interruption could result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our sensitive information. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties upon whom we rely) to provide our services. We may expend significant resources or modify our business activities to try to protect against security incidents. Certain data privacy and security obligations may require us to implement and maintain specific security measures, industry-standard or reasonable security measures to protect our information technology systems and sensitive information. While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We may be unable in the future to detect vulnerabilities in our information technology systems because such threats and techniques change frequently, are often sophisticated in nature, and may not be detected until after a security incident has occurred. Despite our efforts to identify and remediate vulnerabilities, if any, in our information technology systems (including our products), our efforts may not be successful. Further, we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures designed to address any such identified vulnerabilities.
Applicable data privacy and security obligations may require us to notify relevant stakeholders of security incidents. Such disclosures are costly, and the disclosures or the failure to comply with such requirements could lead to adverse consequences. If we (or a third party upon whom we rely) experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences. These consequences may include: government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing sensitive information (including personal data); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms. Security incidents and attendant consequences may cause customers to stop using our services, deter new customers from using our services, and negatively impact our ability to grow and operate our business. Our contracts may not contain limitations of liability, and even where they do, there can be no assurance that limitations of liability in our contracts are sufficient to protect us from liabilities, damages, or claims related to our data privacy and security obligations. We cannot be sure that our insurance coverage will be adequate or sufficient to protect us from or to mitigate liabilities arising out of our privacy and security practices, that such coverage will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that such coverage will pay future claims.
Shutdowns or service disruptions of our information systems or network caused by power outages, natural disasters, extreme weather, terrorist attacks, pandemics (such as the COVID-19 global pandemic), wars (such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine), or other similar events pose increasing risks. Shutdowns or disruption from such events could have an adverse impact on us and our customers, including degradation or disruption of service, loss of data, release or threatened release of data publicly, misuse or threatened misuse of data, and damage to equipment and data. System redundancy may be ineffective or inadequate, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient to cover everything that could happen. Significant events could result in a disruption of our operations, reduced revenues, the loss of or damage to the integrity of data used by management to make decisions and operate our business, damage to our reputation or brands or a loss of customers. We may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate it for any losses associated with such events.
Our activities are subject to a variety of stringent and changing obligations which may adversely impact our operations. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; and other adverse business consequences.
Privacy. The global legal and regulatory environment governing our collection, generation, use, storage, disclosure and transfer (commonly known as processing) of personal information and other sensitive information, including proprietary and confidential business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, and sensitive third-party data is complex and continually evolving. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and use the personal information of subscribers and potential subscribers through our websites and applications and those of third parties. Among other purposes, we use this information to engage with users, promote our programming, and monitor the use of our digital platforms. Our collection and use of personal information may subject us to a number of complicated domestic and foreign data privacy and security obligations, such as various laws, regulations, guidance, industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contracts, and other obligations that govern the processing of personal data by us and on our behalf.
In the United States, federal, state, and local governments have enacted numerous data privacy and security laws, including data breach notification laws, personal data privacy laws, and consumer protection laws. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”) imposes obligations on covered businesses. These obligations include, but are not limited to, providing specific disclosures in privacy notices and affording California residents certain rights related to their personal data. The CCPA allows for statutory fines for noncompliance (up to $7,500 per violation). In addition, it is anticipated that the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (“CPRA”), effective January 1, 2023, will expand the CCPA. Additionally, the CPRA establishes a new California Privacy Protection Agency to implement and enforce the CPRA, which could increase the risk of enforcement. Other states have enacted data privacy laws. For example, Virginia passed the Consumer Data Protection Act, Colorado passed the Colorado Privacy Act, Utah passed the Utah Consumer Privacy Act and Connecticut passed the Data Privacy and Online Monitoring Act all four of which differ from the CPRA and become effective in 2023. In addition, data privacy and security laws have been proposed at the federal, state, and local levels in recent years, which could further complicate compliance efforts.
Outside the United States, an increasing number of laws, regulations, and industry standards apply to data privacy and security. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s GDPR (“UK GDPR”) and Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais, or “LGPD”) (Law No. 13,709/2018) impose strict requirements for processing personal data. For example, under the EU GDPR, government regulators may impose temporary or definitive bans on data processing, as well as fines of up to 20 million euros or 4% of annual global revenue, whichever is greater. Further, individuals may initiate litigation related to processing of their personal information. In addition, privacy advocates and industry groups have proposed, and may propose, standards with which we may be legally or contractually bound to comply.
Certain jurisdictions have enacted data localization laws and cross-border personal data transfer laws, which could make it more difficult to transfer information across jurisdictions (such as transferring or receiving personal data that originates in the EU or in other foreign jurisdictions). Existing mechanisms that facilitate cross-border personal data transfers may change or be invalidated. For example, absent appropriate safeguards or other circumstances, the EU GDPR generally restricts the transfer of personal data to countries outside of the European Economic Area (“EEA”) that the European Commission does not consider to provide an adequate level of data privacy and security, such as the United States. The European Commission released a set of “Standard Contractual Clauses” (“SCCs”) that are designed to be a valid mechanism to facilitate personal data transfers out of the EEA to these jurisdictions. Currently, these Standard Contractual Clauses are a valid mechanism to transfer personal data outside of the EEA, but there exists some uncertainty regarding whether the SCCs will remain a valid mechanism. Additionally, the SCCs impose additional compliance burdens, such as conducting transfer impact assessments to determine whether additional security measures are necessary to protect the at-issue personal data. In addition, Switzerland and the UK similarly restrict personal data transfers outside of those jurisdictions to countries such as the United States that do not provide an adequate level of personal data protection, and certain countries outside Europe (e.g., Brazil) have also passed or are considering laws requiring local data residency or otherwise impeding the transfer of personal data across borders, any of which could increase the cost and complexity of doing business.
If we cannot implement a valid compliance mechanism for cross-border data transfers, we may face increased exposure to regulatory actions, substantial fines, and injunctions against processing or transferring personal data from Europe or other foreign jurisdictions. The inability to import personal information to the United States could significantly and negatively impact our business operations; limiting our ability to collaborate with parties that are subject to such cross-border data transfer or localization laws; or requiring us to increase our personal data processing capabilities and infrastructure in foreign jurisdictions at significant expense.
Obligations related to data privacy and security are quickly changing in an increasingly stringent fashion, creating some uncertainty as to the effective future legal framework. Additionally, these obligations may be subject to differing applications and interpretations, which may be inconsistent or conflict among jurisdictions. Preparing for and complying with these obligations requires significant resources and may necessitate changes to our information technologies, systems, and practices and to those of any third parties that process personal data on our behalf. Although we endeavor to comply with all applicable data privacy and security obligations, we may at times fail (or be perceived to have failed) to do so. Moreover, despite our efforts, our personnel or third parties upon whom we rely may fail to comply with such obligations, which could negatively impact our business operations and compliance posture. For example, any failure by a third-party processor to comply with applicable law, regulations, or contractual obligations could result in adverse effects, including inability to or interruption in our ability to operate our business and proceedings against us by governmental entities or others. Complying with these and any future regulations, or related contractual or other obligations, may increase our operating costs and adversely impact our ability to market products and service customers, including through our STARZ direct-to-consumer business (which may be subject to additional consumer legal claims and increased regulation). Any actual or perceived failure to comply with these or any future regulations, or related contractual or other obligations, could disrupt our business, inhibit our ability to retain existing customers
or attract new customers, lead to investigations, claims, and proceedings by governmental entities and private parties, damages for breach of contract, litigation (including class-related claims), additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; bans on processing personal information, orders to destroy or not use personal information and other significant costs, fines, penalties, or other liabilities, as well as harm to our reputation and market position. It is possible that increased domestic or foreign regulation of data utilization practices, including self-regulation or findings under existing laws that limit our ability to collect, transfer and use information and other data, could have an adverse effect on our business. Failure to comply with these obligations could subject us to liability, and to the extent that we need to alter our business model or practices to adapt to these obligations, we could incur additional expenses.
Network Regulations. Under the Communications Act of 1934 and the 1992 Cable Act, there are certain FCC regulations that govern the distribution of our services by traditional MVPDs, including cable, DBS and telco operators. Furthermore, to the extent that regulations and laws, either presently in force or proposed, hinder or stimulate the growth of the cable television and satellite industries, our network business will be affected. As we continue to expand internationally, we also may be subject to varying degrees of local government regulations. Regulations governing our services are subject to the political process and have been in constant flux historically. We cannot assure you that we will be able to anticipate material changes in laws or regulatory requirements or that future legislation, new regulation or deregulation will not have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
Internet and Other Media Operator Regulations. The adoption or modification of laws or regulations relating to the internet or other areas of our business could limit or otherwise adversely affect the manner in which we currently conduct our business. We anticipate that several jurisdictions may, over time, attempt to impose additional financial and regulatory obligations on us. If we are required to comply with new regulations or legislation or new interpretations of existing regulations or legislation, this compliance could cause us to incur additional expenses or alter our business model. Additionally, as we grow our STARZ direct-to-consumer business, we may be subject to additional consumer legal claims and state and local consumer protection regulation.
We rely upon the ability of consumers to access our service through the internet. If network operators block, restrict or otherwise impair access to our service over their networks, our service and business could be negatively affected. Changes in laws or regulations that adversely affect the growth, popularity or use of the internet, including laws impacting net neutrality, could decrease the demand for our service and increase our cost of doing business. Given uncertainty around these rules, coupled with potentially significant political and economic power of local network operators, we could experience discriminatory or anti-competitive practices that could impede our growth, cause us to incur additional expense or otherwise negatively affect our business.
Risks Related To Our Indebtedness
We have incurred significant indebtedness that could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
We currently have a substantial amount of indebtedness. As of March 31, 2022, we and our subsidiaries have corporate debt of approximately $2,482.7 million, production and related loan obligations of approximately $1,286.7 million, and $123.5 million outstanding under our senior secured amortizing term credit facility (the "IP Credit Facility") based on the collateral consisting solely of certain of the Company’s rights in certain library titles, including the Spyglass and other recently acquired libraries, and our Revolving Credit Facility together with Term Loan A and Term Loan B (the "Senior Credit Facilities") provide for unused commitments of $1.25 billion. On the same basis, approximately $1,482.7 million of such indebtedness is secured (excluding all of our production and related loan obligations and IP Credit Facility borrowings). Our high level of debt could have adverse consequences on our business, such as: making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our notes and our other debt; limiting our ability to refinance such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements; requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; increasing our vulnerability to the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effects, economic downturns and adverse developments in our business; exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities, production and related loans and advances under the IP Credit Facility, are at variable rates of interest; limiting our flexibility in planning for, and reducing our flexibility in reacting to, changes in the conditions of the financial markets and our industry; placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors; increasing our cost of borrowing; and restricting the way in which we conduct our business because of financial and operating covenants in the agreements governing our existing and future indebtedness and exposing us to potential events of default (if not cured or waived) under covenants contained in our debt instruments.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
A significant portion of our cash flows from operations is expected to be dedicated to the payments of principal and interest obligations under the Senior Credit Facilities and our 5.500% Senior Notes (the "Senior Notes"). Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations will depend on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control, including the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effects. If our cash flow from operations declines significantly, including any decline related to the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it could result in the inability to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. In addition, during times of economic instability, including disruptions to, and volatility in, the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the COVID-19 global pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine, it has been difficult for many companies to obtain financing in the public markets or to obtain debt financing. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. The Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture that governs the Senior Notes restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from those dispositions, and also restrict our ability to raise debt or certain types of equity to be used to repay other indebtedness when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations then due. Additionally, there can also be no assurance that we will not face credit rating downgrades as a result of weaker than anticipated performance of our businesses, fluctuations in our leverage or cost of capital or other factors. Future downgrades could further adversely affect our cost of funds and related margins, liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets, and a significant downgrade could have an adverse commercial impact on our business.
In addition, we conduct a substantial portion of our operations through our subsidiaries, certain of which are not guarantors of the Senior Notes or our other indebtedness. Accordingly, repayment of our indebtedness, including the Senior Notes, is dependent on the generation of cash flow by our subsidiaries and their ability to make such cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment or otherwise. Unless they are guarantors of the Senior Notes or our other indebtedness, our subsidiaries do not have any obligation to pay amounts due on the Senior Notes or our other indebtedness or to make funds available for that purpose. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, make distributions to enable us to make payments in respect of our indebtedness, including the Senior Notes. While the Senior Credit Facilities and the indentures that govern the Senior Notes limit the ability of our subsidiaries to incur consensual restrictions on their ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany payments to us, these limitations are subject to qualifications and exceptions. In the event that we do not receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness.
Despite our current level of indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more debt. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. Although the Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture that governs the Senior Notes contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. These restrictions also will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness under the indenture governing the Senior Notes, such as certain qualified receivables financings. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our guarantors now face could intensify.
The terms of the Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture that governs the Senior Notes restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
The Senior Credit Facilities and the indenture that governs the Senior Notes contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including restrictions on our ability to: incur, assume or guarantee additional indebtedness; issue certain disqualified stock; pay dividends or distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock; prepay, redeem or repurchase debt that is junior in right of payment to the debt under the Senior Credit Facilities and Senior Notes; make loans or investments; incur liens; restrict dividends, loans or asset transfers from our restricted subsidiaries; sell or otherwise dispose of assets, including
capital stock of subsidiaries and sale/leaseback transactions; consolidate or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of our assets to, another person; enter into transactions with affiliates; and enter into new lines of business.
In addition, the Senior Credit Facilities require us to maintain specified financial ratios, tested quarterly. Our ability to meet those financial ratios can be affected by events beyond our control, including the effects on our business from the COVID-19 global pandemic and related government actions and consumer behavior; as such, we may be unable to meet such financial ratios.
A breach of the covenants under the Senior Credit Facilities or the indenture that governs the Senior Notes, or nonpayment of any principal or interest due thereunder, could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In addition, an event of default under the Senior Credit Facilities would permit the lenders under our revolving facility to terminate all commitments to extend further credit thereunder. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the Senior Credit Facilities, the lenders thereof could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the Senior Credit Facilities. In the event our lenders or noteholders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities and advances under our production and related loans and IP Credit Facility are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk, including in connection with the COVID-19 global pandemic and its effects, which could increase the cost of capital. If interest rates were to increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease.
An increase in the ownership of our Class A voting common shares by certain shareholders could trigger a change in control under the agreements governing our indebtedness.
The agreements governing certain of our long-term indebtedness contain change in control provisions that are triggered when any of our shareholders, directly or indirectly, acquires ownership or control of in excess of a certain percentage of the total voting power of our Class A voting common shares, no par value per share (the "Class A voting shares").
Upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, an event of default may occur under our Senior Credit Facilities and the holders of the Senior Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of such notes. Dr. Mark H. Rachesky, M.D. and his affiliates, who collectively currently hold over 23% of our voting stock and 11% of our non-voting common stock are “Permitted Holders” for purposes of the Senior Credit Facilities and the indentures that govern the Senior Notes. Accordingly, certain increases of ownership or other transactions involving Dr. Rachesky and his affiliates would not constitute a change of control under the Senior Credit Facilities or the indenture that governs the Senior Notes, but could constitute a change of control under the other existing or future indebtedness of us and our subsidiaries.
Risk Related to Tax Rules and Regulations
The Internal Revenue Service may not agree that we should be treated as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and may not agree that our U.S. affiliates should not be subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules.
Under current U.S. federal tax law, a corporation is generally considered for U.S. federal tax purposes to be a tax resident in the jurisdiction of its organization or incorporation. Because we are incorporated in Canada, we would generally be classified as a non-U.S. corporation (and, therefore, a non-U.S. tax resident) under these rules. However, Section 7874 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) (“Section 7874”) provides an exception to this general rule under which a non-U.S. incorporated entity may, in certain circumstances, be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes.
Under Section 7874, if (a) the STARZ stockholders held (within the meaning of Section 7874) 80% or more (by vote or value) of our post-reclassification shares after the STARZ merger by reason of holding STARZ common stock (the “80% ownership test,” and such ownership percentage the “Section 7874 ownership percentage”), and (b) our “expanded affiliated group” did not have “substantial business activities” in Canada when compared to the total business activities of such expanded affiliated group (the “substantial business activities test”), we will be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes. If the
Section 7874 ownership percentage of the STARZ stockholders in Lions Gate after the merger was less than 80% but at least 60% (the “60% ownership test”), and the substantial business activities test was not met, STARZ and its U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by us) may, in some circumstances, be subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules (which, among other things, could limit our ability to utilize certain U.S. tax attributes to offset U.S. taxable income, such as the use of net operating losses and certain tax credits, or to offset the gain resulting from certain transactions, such as from the transfer or license of property to a foreign related person during the 10-year period following the merger).
Based on the terms of the merger, the rules for determining share ownership under Section 7874 and certain factual assumptions, STARZ stockholders are believed to have held (within the meaning of Section 7874) less than 60% (by both vote and value) of our post-reclassification shares after the merger by reason of holding shares of STARZ common stock. Therefore, under current law, it is expected that we should not be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and that Section 7874 should otherwise not apply to us or our affiliates as a result of the merger. However, since the rules are relatively new, there is limited guidance regarding the application of Section 7874, including the application of the ownership test and the application of the rules to the facts as they existed at the time of the closing of the acquisition. If we were to be treated as a U.S. corporation for federal tax purposes, we could be subject to substantially greater U.S. tax liability than currently contemplated as a non-U.S. corporation. In addition, non-U.S. shareholders of Lions Gate would be subject to U.S. withholding tax on the gross amount of any dividends paid by us to such shareholders (subject to an exemption or reduced rate available under an applicable tax treaty).
Recent and proposed changes to the tax laws could result in Lions Gate being treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes or in STARZ and its U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by us) being subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules on financing and other activities.
As discussed above, under current law, we are expected to be treated as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and Section 7874 is not otherwise expected to apply as a result of the merger. However, changes to Section 7874 and the U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, as well as the treatment of expatriated companies under Section 7874 for income treaty purposes, could affect our status as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes or could result in the application of certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules to STARZ and its U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by us). Any such changes could have prospective or retroactive application. If we were to be treated as a U.S. corporation for federal tax purposes or if STARZ and its U.S. affiliates (including the U.S. affiliates historically owned by us) were to become subject to such adverse U.S. federal income tax rules, we and our U.S. affiliates could be subject to substantially greater U.S. tax liability than currently contemplated.
Recent legislative proposals under President Joe Biden’s “Made in America Tax Plan” are aimed to expand the scope of U.S. corporate tax residence to address certain perceived issues arising from so-called inversion transactions, by reducing the ownership threshold (discussed above) to 50% from 80% and by treating the foreign acquiring company as a U.S. corporation if it is determined to be managed and controlled in the U.S. Such proposals, if enacted and applicable on or prior to the date of the closing of the merger, could cause us to be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes or cause our affiliates to be subject to adverse U.S. tax rules, in which case, we would be subject to substantially greater U.S. tax liability than currently contemplated.
Recent legislative changes enacted as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (discussed in more detail below), including the limitations on deduction of interest expense and the adoption of the base erosion and anti-abuse tax, contain provisions intended to broaden the tax base and could affect our financing arrangements. Further, additional legislative and other proposals (including the final Treasury regulations under Section 385 of the Code issued by the IRS on October 13, 2016 (the “Final Section 385 Regulations”), if permitted to go into full effect, could cause us and our affiliates to be subject to certain intercompany financing limitations, including with respect to their ability to deduct certain interest expense. These recent and proposed legislative changes could cause us and our affiliates to recognize additional taxable income and could have a significant adverse effect on us and our affiliates.
It is presently uncertain whether any such proposals or other legislative action relating to the scope of U.S. tax residence, Section 7874 or so-called inversion transactions and inverted groups will be enacted into law and/or how new laws will be interpreted or applied.
Future changes to U.S. and non-U.S. tax laws could adversely affect us.
The U.S. Congress, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and other government agencies in jurisdictions where we and our affiliates will conduct business have had an extended focus on issues related to the taxation of multinational corporations. For the past several years, the primary focus has been in the area of “base erosion and profit shifting,” including situations where payments are made between affiliates from a jurisdiction with high tax rates to a jurisdiction with lower tax rates. As part of its so-called Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”) project, OECD and the G-20 developed changes to numerous long-standing international tax principles. More recently, countries are increasingly seeking ways to tax what is sometimes referred to as the digitalized economy. For example, in response to the increasing globalization and digitalization of trade and business operations, OECD is working on a proposal as an extension of its BEPS project to establish a global minimum corporate taxation rate. The rules are designed to ensure that large multinational groups pay corporate income taxes at the minimum rate of 15% in the countries where they operate. The goal is for OECD members to enact domestic legislation implementing these rules by 2023.
Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. As discussed in more detail below, the U.S. recently enacted significant tax reform, and certain provisions of the new law may adversely affect us. Further, certain provisions of the Build Back Better Act passed by the House of Representatives but which failed to be enacted would have added new limitations on business interest deductions and tightened current rules on the base erosion and anti-abuse tax. Many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as OECD, are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies and actively considering changes to existing tax laws that, if enacted, could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business. For example, the U.K. has announced plans to increase its corporate tax rate from 19% to 25%, starting in April 2023. If U.S. or other foreign tax authorities change applicable tax laws, our overall taxes could increase, and our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely impacted
Changes in foreign, state and local tax incentives may increase the cost of original programming content to such an extent that they are no longer feasible.
Original programming requires substantial financial commitment, which can occasionally be offset by foreign, state or local tax incentives. However, there is a risk that the tax incentives will not remain available for the duration of a series. If tax incentives are no longer available or reduced substantially, it may result in increased costs for us to complete the production, or make the production of additional seasons more expensive. If we are unable to produce original programming content on a cost effective basis our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.
Our tax rate is uncertain and may vary from expectations.
There is no assurance that we will be able to maintain any particular worldwide effective corporate tax rate because of uncertainty regarding the tax policies jurisdictions in which we and our affiliates operate. Our actual effective tax rate may vary from our expectations, and such variance may be material. Additionally, tax laws or their implementation and applicable tax authority practices in any particular jurisdiction could change in the future, possibly on a retroactive basis, and any such change could have an adverse impact on us and our affiliates.
Legislative or other governmental action in the U.S. could adversely affect our business.
Legislative action may be taken by the U.S. Congress that, if ultimately enacted, could limit the availability of tax benefits or deductions that we currently claim, override tax treaties upon which we rely, or otherwise increase the taxes that the U.S. imposes on our worldwide operations. Such changes could materially adversely affect our effective tax rate and/or require us to take further action, at potentially significant expense, to seek to preserve our effective tax rate. In addition, if proposals were enacted that had the effect of limiting our ability as a Canadian company to take advantage of tax treaties with the U.S., we could incur additional tax expense and/or otherwise incur business detriment.
Changes in, or interpretations of, tax rules and regulations, and changes in geographic operating results, may adversely affect our effective tax rates.
We are subject to income taxes in Canada, the U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. We also conduct business and financing activities between our entities in various jurisdictions and we are subject to complex transfer pricing regulations in the countries in which we operate. Although uniform transfer pricing standards are emerging in many of the countries in which we operate, there is still a relatively high degree of uncertainty and inherent subjectivity in complying with these rules. In addition, due to
economic and political conditions, tax rates in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant change. Our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in tax laws or regulations or the interpretation thereof (including those affecting the allocation of profits and expenses to differing jurisdictions), by changes in the amount of revenue or earnings that we derive from international sources in countries with high or low statutory tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, by changes in the expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowance, or by the tax effects of stock-based compensation. Unanticipated changes in our effective tax rates could affect our future results of operations.
Further, we may be subject to examination of our income tax returns by federal, state, and foreign tax jurisdictions. We regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from possible examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. In making such assessments, we exercise judgment in estimating our provision for income taxes. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, we cannot assure you that final determinations from any examinations will not be materially different from those reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Any adverse outcome from any examinations may have an adverse effect on our business and operating results, which could cause the market price of our securities to decline.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
Our corporate office is located at 250 Howe Street, 20th Floor, Vancouver, BC V6C 3R8. Our principal executive offices are located at 2700 Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, California, 90404, where we occupy 192,584 square feet (per a lease that expires in August 2025).
In addition, we lease the following properties used by our Motion Picture, Television Production and Media Networks segments:
•280,000 square feet at 8900 Liberty Circle, Englewood, Colorado (per a lease that expires in December 2023);
•100,119 square feet at 6363 South Fiddler’s Green Circle, Greenwood Village, Colorado (per a lease that expires in September 2034);
•93,670 square feet at 12020 Chandler Blvd., Valley Village, California (per a lease that expires in December 2027);
•60,116 square feet at 1647 Stewart Street, Santa Monica, California (per a lease that expires in December 2028);
•34,332 square feet at 530 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York (per a lease that expires in August 2028);
•25,346 square feet at 9460 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills, California (per a lease that expires in February 2026);
•11,243 square feet at 45 Mortimer Street, London, United Kingdom (per a lease that expires in July 2029);
•7,500 square feet at Unit 502, Crest Audeus, Fun Republic Lane, Andheri West, Mumbai, India (per a lease that expires in August 2024);
•2,700 square feet at 27 West 24th Street, New York, New York (per a lease that expires in May 2023);
•1,968 square feet at 1235 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario (per a lease that expires in December 2022);
•1,645 square feet at A6 Gonti Road, Beijing, China (per a lease that expires in December 2022); and
•975 square feet at 3 Boulevard Royal, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg (per a lease that expires in May 2024).
We believe that our current facilities are adequate to conduct our business operations for the foreseeable future. We believe that we will be able to renew these leases on similar terms upon expiration. If we cannot renew, we believe that we could find other suitable premises without any material adverse impact on our operations.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
From time to time, the Company is involved in certain claims and legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe, based on current knowledge, that the outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings in which the Company is currently involved will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
For a discussion of certain claims and legal proceedings, see Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements, which discussion is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not Applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information
We have two (2) classes of common shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). Our Class A voting shares, no par value per share (the "Class A voting shares"), are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “LGF.A” and our Class B non-voting shares, no par value per share (the "Class B non-voting shares”), are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “LGF.B”.
Holders
As of May 20, 2022, there were approximately 529 and 711 shareholders of record of our Class A voting shares and Class B non-voting shares, respectively.
Dividends
The amount of any future dividends, if any, that we pay to our shareholders is determined by our Board of Directors, at its discretion, and is dependent on a number of factors, including our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, capital requirements and restrictions under our credit agreements, and shall be in compliance with applicable law. We cannot guarantee the amount of dividends paid in the future, if any.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual General Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
Taxation
The following is a general summary of certain Canadian federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (who, at all relevant times, deal at arm's length with the Company) with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of common shares. For the purposes of this Canadian income tax discussion, a “U.S. Holder” means a holder of common shares who (1) for the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "ITA") is not, has not, and will not be, or deemed to be, resident in Canada at any time while such holder holds common shares, (2) at all relevant times is a resident of the United States under the Canada-United States Tax Convention (1980) (the “Convention”) and is eligible for benefits under the Convention, (3) is not a “foreign affiliate” as defined in the ITA of a person resident in Canada, and (4) does not and will not use or be deemed to use the common shares in carrying on a business in Canada. This summary does not apply to a U.S. Holder that is an insurer or an “authorized foreign bank” within the meaning of the ITA. Such U.S. Holders should seek tax advice from their advisors.
This summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed to be, legal or tax advice and no representation with respect to the tax consequences to any particular investor is made. The summary does not address any aspect of any provincial, state or local tax laws or the tax laws of any jurisdiction other than Canada or the tax considerations applicable to non-U.S. Holders. Accordingly, prospective investors should consult with their own tax advisors for advice with respect to the income tax consequences to them having regard to their own particular circumstances, including any consequences of an investment in common shares arising under any provincial, state or local tax laws or the tax laws of any jurisdiction other than Canada.
This summary is based upon the current provisions of the ITA, the regulations thereunder and the proposed amendments thereto publicly announced by the Department of Finance, Canada before the date hereof and our understanding of the current administrative policies and assessing practices of the Canada Revenue Agency published in writing prior to the date hereof. No assurance may be given that any proposed amendment will be enacted in the form proposed, if at all. This summary does not otherwise take into account or anticipate any changes in law, whether by legislative, governmental or judicial action.
The following summary applies only to U.S. Holders who hold their common shares as capital property. In general, common shares will be considered capital property of a holder where the holder is neither a trader nor dealer in securities, does not hold the common shares in the course of carrying on a business and is not engaged in an adventure in the nature of trade in respect thereof. This summary does not apply to a U.S. Holder that is a “financial institution” within the meaning of the mark-to-market rules contained in the ITA or to holders who have entered into a “dividend rental arrangement”, a “derivative forward agreement” or a “synthetic disposition arrangement” as these terms are defined in the ITA.
For purposes of the ITA, any amount relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of common shares, including dividends, adjusted cost base and proceeds of disposition, must be expressed in Canadian dollars using the applicable rate of exchange (for purposes of the ITA) quoted by the Bank of Canada on the date such amounts arose, or such other rate of exchange as is acceptable to the Minister of Finance (Canada).
Amounts in respect of common shares paid or credited or deemed to be paid or credited as, on account or in lieu of payment of, or in satisfaction of, dividends to a shareholder who is not a resident of Canada within the meaning of the ITA will generally be subject to Canadian non-resident withholding tax. Canadian withholding tax applies to dividends that are formally declared and paid by the Company and also to deemed dividends such as those that may be triggered by a cancellation of common shares if the cancellation occurs otherwise than as a result of a simple open market transaction. For either deemed or actual dividends, withholding tax is levied at a rate of 25%, which rate may be reduced pursuant to the terms of an applicable tax treaty between Canada and the country of residence of the non-resident shareholder. The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the “MLI”), of which Canada is a signatory, affects many of Canada’s bilateral tax treaties (excluding the Convention), including the ability to claim benefits thereunder. Affected Non-Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors in this regard. Under the Convention, the rate of Canadian non-resident withholding tax on the gross amount of dividends received by a U.S. Holder, which is the beneficial owner of such dividends, is generally 15%. However, where such beneficial owner of the dividends is a company that owns at least 10% of the voting shares of the company paying the dividends, the rate of such withholding is 5%. For these purposes, a company that is a resident of the United States for the purposes of the Convention and which holds an interest in an entity (other than an entity that is resident in Canada) that is fiscally transparent under the laws of the United States will be considered to own the voting shares of the Company owned by that fiscally transparent entity in proportion to the company’s ownership interest in the fiscally transparent entity.
In addition to the Canadian withholding tax on actual or deemed dividends, a U.S. Holder also needs to consider the potential application of Canadian income tax on capital gains. A U.S. Holder will generally not be subject to tax under the ITA in respect of any capital gain arising on an actual or deemed disposition of common shares (including, generally, on a purchase by the Company on the open market) unless at the time of disposition such shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” of the holder for purposes of the ITA and such U.S. Holder is not entitled to relief under the Convention. If the common shares are listed on a designated stock exchange (which includes the NYSE) at the time they are disposed of, they will generally not constitute taxable Canadian property of a U.S. Holder unless, at any time during the 60-month period immediately preceding the disposition of the common shares, the U.S. Holder, persons with whom such U.S. Holder does not deal at arm's length, or the U.S. Holder together with such non-arm's length persons, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of the capital stock of the Company and at such time, more than 50% of the fair market value of the shares was derived from one or any combination of (i) real or immovable property situated in Canada, (ii) Canadian resource properties, (iii) timber resource properties, and (iv) options in respect of, interests in, or civil law rights in, such properties. Assuming that the common shares have never derived their value principally from any of the items listed in (i)-(iv) above, capital gains derived by a U.S. Holder from the disposition of common shares will generally not be subject to tax in Canada.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On May 31, 2007, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50 million of our common shares. On each of May 29, 2008 and November 6, 2008, our Board of Directors authorized additional repurchases up to an additional $50 million of our common shares. On December 17, 2013, our Board of Directors authorized the Company to increase its stock repurchase plan to $300 million and on February 2, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized the Company to further increase its stock repurchase plan to $468 million. To date, approximately $288.1 million (or 16,608,796) of our common shares have been purchased, leaving approximately $179.9 million of authorized potential purchases. The remaining $179.9 million of our common shares may be purchased from time to time at the Company’s discretion, including quantity, timing and price thereof, and will be subject to market conditions. Such purchases will be structured as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements. The share repurchase program has no expiration date.
No common shares were purchased by us during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, no Class A voting shares and 27,106 Class B non-voting shares were withheld upon the vesting of restricted share units and share issuances to satisfy minimum statutory federal, state and local tax withholding obligations.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
On April 2, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Pilgrim Media Group, LLC dated as of November 12, 2015 (the “Agreement”). In consideration for certain amendments under the Agreement, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 459,217 Class B non-voting shares to Pilgrim Media Group Holdings, LLC and a warrant to purchase 40,783 Class B non-voting shares to Whirlwind Entertainment Group, Inc. The Company’s Class B non-voting shares issued pursuant to the Agreement were issued as a private placement in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares our cumulative total shareholder return with those of the NYSE Composite Index and the S&P Movies & Entertainment Index for the period commencing March 31, 2017 and ending March 31, 2022. All values assume that $100 was invested on March 31, 2017 in our common shares and each applicable index and all dividends were reinvested.
The comparisons shown in the graph below are based on historical data and we caution that the stock price performance shown in the graph below is not indicative of, and is not intended to forecast, the potential future performance of our common shares.
3/17 3/18 3/19 3/20 3/21 3/22
Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation-Class A $100.00 $97.59 $59.54 $23.15 $56.91 $61.86
Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation-Class B $100.00 $99.14 $62.67 $23.16 $53.54 $62.38
NYSE Composite $100.00 $111.00 $116.14 $96.72 $149.97 $163.63
Dow Jones US Media Sector $100.00 $93.92 $105.10 $90.46 $159.14 $132.79
The graph and related information are being furnished solely to accompany this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K. They shall not be deemed “soliciting materials” or to be “filed” with the SEC (other than as provided in Item 201), nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
Reserved.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This section of our Annual Report Form 10-K includes a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operation for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021. A discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, and is herein incorporated by reference.
Overview
Lionsgate Entertainment Corp. (the “Company,” “Lionsgate,” "Lions Gate," “we,” “us” or “our”) encompasses world-class motion picture and television studio operations aligned with the STARZ premium global subscription platform to bring a unique and varied portfolio of entertainment to consumers around the world. The Company’s film, television, subscription and location-based entertainment businesses are backed by a 17,000-title library and a valuable collection of iconic film and television franchises. We classify our operations through three reporting segments: Motion Picture, Television Production, and Media Networks (see further discussion below).
COVID-19 Global Pandemic
Since fiscal 2020, the economic, social and regulatory impacts associated with the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic (including its variants), continued measures to prevent its spread, and the resulting economic uncertainty, have affected our business in a number of ways.
We experienced delays in theatrical distribution of our films, both domestically and internationally, as well as delays in the production of film and television content (resulting in continued changes in future release dates for some titles and series). Although film and television production have generally resumed, we continue to see disruption of production activities depending on local circumstances. We also cannot predict whether productions that have resumed will be paused again, or the impact of incremental costs required to adhere to health and safety protocols. Additionally, although the lifting of the quarantines have enabled many theaters to reopen, we are unable to predict how shifting government mandates or guidance regarding COVID-19 restrictions will impact patronage and theater capacity. In turn, production delays (and fewer theatrical releases) have limited the availability of film content to be sold in distribution windows subsequent to the theatrical release, and have resulted in delays of release of new television content, including on our STARZ platform.
The impact of these disruptions and the extent of their adverse impact on our financial and operating results will be dictated by the length of time that such disruptions continue, which will, in turn, depend on the currently unknowable duration and severity of the impacts of COVID-19 and its variants, and among other things, the impact of governmental actions imposed in response to COVID-19 and individuals’ and companies’ responses regarding health matters going forward. The full extent of impacts related to the COVID-19 global pandemic on our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for further details.
In connection with the disruptions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic and measures to prevent its spread and mitigate its effects both domestically and internationally, and the related economic disruption, certain incremental costs were incurred and expensed, as presented in the table below:
Year Ended
March 31,
2022 2021 2020
COVID-19 related charges (benefit) included in:
Direct operating expense(1)
$ (3.6) $ 50.6 $ 46.0
Distribution and marketing expense(2)
0.2 16.9 4.2
Restructuring and other(3)
1.1 3.0 0.3
Total COVID-19 related charges (benefit) $ (2.3) $ 70.5 $ 50.5
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(1)Amounts reflected in direct operating expense include incremental costs associated with the pausing and restarting of productions including paying/hiring certain cast and crew, maintaining idle facilities and equipment costs, net of insurance recoveries. In fiscal 2021 and 2020, these amounts also included film impairment due to changes in
performance expectations resulting from circumstances associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, insurance recoveries exceeded the incremental costs expensed in the year, resulting in a net benefit included in direct operating expense.
(2)Amounts reflected in distribution and marketing expense primarily consist of contractual marketing spends for film releases and events that have been canceled or delayed and will provide no economic benefit.
(3)Amounts reflected in restructuring and other represent certain incremental general and administrative costs associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic, such as costs related to transitioning the Company to a remote-work environment, costs associated with return-to-office safety protocols and other incremental general and administrative costs associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic.
We expect to incur additional incremental costs related to the COVID-19 global pandemic in future periods, especially if there is a continued spread of recent and new variants. We are in the process of seeking additional insurance recovery for some of the costs already incurred and expect to seek insurance recovery for any additional incremental costs. The ultimate amount of insurance recovery cannot be estimated at this time. See further discussion in the Results of Operations section below.
The economic impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and resulting societal changes will depend on numerous evolving factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. There are a number of ways in which these uncertainties resulting from the COVID-19 global pandemic have impacted our current results of operations and could continue to impact our future results of operations. These impacts include the incremental costs and losses presented in the table above, lower revenues from the closure or reopenings of movie theaters and postponement of theatrical releases, partially offset by lower theatrical production and marketing costs, or lower box office revenues from pre-pandemic levels due to shifts in viewing; increased expenses associated with new health and safety protocols on motion picture and television productions; changes in the timing of revenues for motion pictures and television productions associated with delays in production, delivery and/or release; and while STARZ initially experienced an increase in viewership during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 of its content, future growth could be impacted by whether productions that have resumed will be paused again, and future consumer viewing patterns as the pandemic eases.
We expect that the ultimate impact of these disruptions, including the extent of any adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, will depend on, among other things, the duration and spread of the pandemic (including recent and new variants), the impact of governmental regulations that have been, and may continue to be, imposed in response to the pandemic, the effectiveness of actions taken to contain or mitigate the outbreak (including the availability, effectiveness and/or public acceptance of any U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA")-approved COVID-19 vaccines), and global economic conditions related to the COVID-19 global pandemic. All of these impacts could place limitations on our ability to execute on our business plan and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have implemented policies, procedures and protocols to address the situation and expect to continue to adjust our current policies and procedures as more information and guidance become available. In addition, resurgences of COVID-19, and the discovery and spread of recent and new variants of the virus, may result in the re-imposition of certain restrictions and may lead to more restrictions being implemented again to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These measures could result in further interruptions to our operations. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of this situation, we are not able to estimate the full extent of the impact on our operating results, cash flows and financial position, particularly over the near to medium term.
Revenues
Our revenues are derived from the Motion Picture, Television Production and Media Networks segments, as described below. We refer to our Motion Picture and Television Production segments collectively as our Studio Business. Our revenues are derived from the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom and other foreign countries. None of the non-U.S. countries individually comprised greater than 10% of total revenues for the years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
Studio Business
Motion Picture: Our Motion Picture segment includes revenues derived from the following:
•Theatrical. Theatrical revenues are derived from the domestic theatrical release of motion pictures licensed to theatrical exhibitors on a picture-by-picture basis (distributed by us directly in the U.S. and through a sub-distributor in Canada). The revenues from Canada are reported net of distribution fees and release expenses of the Canadian sub-distributor. The financial terms that we negotiate with our theatrical exhibitors in the U.S. generally provide that we receive a percentage of the box office results.
•Home Entertainment. Home entertainment revenues are derived from the sale or rental of our film productions and acquired or licensed films and certain television programs (including theatrical and direct-to-video releases) on
packaged media and through digital media platforms (including pay-per-view and video-on-demand platforms, electronic sell through, and digital rental). In addition, we have revenue sharing arrangements with certain digital media platforms which generally provide that, in exchange for a nominal or no upfront sales price, we share in the rental or sales revenues generated by the platform on a title-by-title basis.
•Television. Television revenues are primarily derived from the licensing of our theatrical productions and acquired films to the linear pay, basic cable and free television markets. In addition, when a license in our traditional pay television window is made to a subscription video-on-demand ("SVOD") or other digital platform, the revenues are included here.
•International. International revenues are derived from (1) licensing of our productions, acquired films, our catalog product and libraries of acquired titles to international distributors, on a territory-by-territory basis; and (2) the direct distribution of our productions, acquired films, and our catalog product and libraries of acquired titles in the United Kingdom.
•Other. Other revenues are derived from, among others, the licensing of our film and television and related content (games, music, location-based entertainment royalties, etc.) to other ancillary markets.
Television Production: Our Television Production segment includes revenues derived from the following:
•Television. Television revenues are derived from the licensing to domestic markets (linear pay, basic cable, free television and syndication) of scripted and unscripted series, television movies, mini-series and non-fiction programming. Television revenues include fixed fee arrangements as well as arrangements in which we earn advertising revenue from the exploitation of certain content on television networks. Television revenues also include revenue from licenses to SVOD platforms in which the initial license of a television series is to an SVOD platform.
•International. International revenues are derived from the licensing and syndication to international markets of scripted and unscripted series, television movies, mini-series and non-fiction programming.
•Home Entertainment. Home entertainment revenues are derived from the sale or rental of television production movies or series on packaged media and through digital media platforms.
•Other. Other revenues are derived from, among others, the licensing of our television programs to other ancillary markets, the sales and licensing of music from the television broadcasts of our productions, and from commissions and executive producer fees earned related to talent management.
Media Networks
Our Media Networks segment includes revenues derived from the following:
•Starz Networks. Starz Networks’ revenues are derived from the domestic distribution of our STARZ branded premium subscription video services through over-the-top ("OTT") platforms and U.S. multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) including cable operators, satellite television providers and telecommunications companies (collectively, “Distributors”) and on a direct-to-consumer basis through the Starz App.
•STARZPLAY International. STARZPLAY International revenues are primarily derived from OTT distribution of the Company's STARZ branded premium subscription video services outside of the U.S.
Through March 31, 2021, our Media Networks segment also included revenues derived from Other Streaming Services, which represented revenues derived primarily from our formerly majority owned premium Spanish language streaming services business, Pantaya, which included subscriber based streaming revenue and other distribution revenue. We sold our interest in Pantaya on March 31, 2021, for approximately $123.6 million in cash. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, control of Pantaya transferred to Hemisphere Media Group on March 31, 2021, with the cash consideration transferred on April 1, 2021. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Expenses
Our primary operating expenses include direct operating expenses, distribution and marketing expenses and general and administration expenses.
Direct operating expenses include amortization of film and television production or acquisition costs, amortization of programming production or acquisition costs and programming related salaries, participation and residual expenses, provision for doubtful accounts, and foreign exchange gains and losses.
Participation costs represent contingent consideration payable based on the performance of the film or television program to parties associated with the film or television program, including producers, writers, directors or actors. Residuals represent amounts payable to various unions or “guilds” such as the Screen Actors Guild - American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, Directors Guild of America, and Writers Guild of America, based on the performance of the film or television program in certain ancillary markets or based on the individual’s (i.e., actor, director, writer) salary level in the television market.
Distribution and marketing expenses primarily include the costs of theatrical prints and advertising (“P&A”) and premium video-on-demand ("Premium VOD") expense and of DVD/Blu-ray duplication and marketing. Theatrical P&A includes the costs of the theatrical prints delivered to theatrical exhibitors and the advertising and marketing cost associated with the theatrical release of the picture. Premium VOD expense represents the advertising and marketing cost associated with the Premium VOD release of the picture. DVD/Blu-ray duplication represents the cost of the DVD/Blu-ray product and the manufacturing costs associated with creating the physical products. DVD/Blu-ray marketing costs represent the cost of advertising the product at or near the time of its release or special promotional advertising. Marketing costs for Media Networks includes advertising, consumer marketing, distributor marketing support and other marketing costs. In addition, distribution and marketing costs includes our Media Networks segment operating costs for the direct-to-consumer service, transponder expenses and maintenance and repairs.
General and administration expenses include salaries and other overhead.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. As disclosed in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements, the preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The application of the following accounting policies, which are important to our financial position and results of operations, requires significant judgments and estimates on the part of management. As described more fully below, these estimates bear the risk of change due to the inherent uncertainty of the estimate. In some cases, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. In addition, the evolving and uncertain nature of the COVID-19 global pandemic could materially impact our estimates, particularly those that require consideration of forecasted financial information, in the near to medium term. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations will be affected. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.
Accounting for Films and Television Programs and Licensed Program Rights
Capitalized costs for films or television programs are amortized and tested for impairment based on whether the content is predominantly monetized individually or as a group.
Film and Television Programs Monetized Individually. For films and television programs monetized individually, film cost amortization, participations and residuals expense are based on management's estimates. Costs of acquiring and producing films and television programs and of acquired libraries that are monetized individually are amortized and estimated liabilities for participations and residuals costs are accrued using the individual-film-forecast method, based on the ratio of the current period's revenues to management’s estimated remaining total gross revenues to be earned ("ultimate revenue"). Management's judgment is required in estimating ultimate revenue and the costs to be incurred throughout the life of each film or television program.
Management estimates ultimate revenues based on historical experience with similar titles or the title genre, the general public appeal of the cast, audience test results when available, actual performance (when available) at the box office or in markets currently being exploited, and other factors such as the quality and acceptance of motion pictures or programs that our competitors release into the marketplace at or near the same time, critical reviews, general economic conditions and other tangible and intangible factors, many of which we do not control and which may change.
For motion pictures, ultimate revenue includes estimates over a period not to exceed ten years following the date of initial release of the motion picture. The most sensitive factor affecting our estimate of ultimate revenues for a film intended for theatrical release is the film's theatrical performance, as subsequent revenues from the licensing and sale in other markets have historically been highly correlated to its theatrical performance. After a film's release, our estimates of revenue from succeeding markets are revised based on historical relationships and an analysis of current market trends.
For an episodic television series, the period over which ultimate revenues are estimated cannot exceed ten years following the date of delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, five years from the date of delivery of the most recent episode, if later. The most sensitive factors affecting our estimate of ultimate revenues for a television series is whether the series will be ordered for a subsequent season and estimates of revenue in secondary markets other than the initial license fee. The initial estimate of ultimate revenue may include estimates of revenues outside of the initial license window (i.e., international, home entertainment and other distribution platforms) and are based on historical experience for similar programs (genre, duration, etc.) based on the estimated number of seasons. We regularly monitor the performance of each season, and evaluate whether impairment indicators are present (i.e., low ratings, cancellations or the season is not reordered), and based upon our review, we revise our estimates as needed and perform an impairment assessment if impairment indicators are present (see below).
For titles included in acquired libraries, ultimate revenue includes estimates over a period not to exceed twenty years following the date of acquisition.
Due to the inherent uncertainties involved in making such estimates of ultimate revenues and expenses, these estimates have differed in the past from actual results and are likely to differ to some extent in the future from actual results. In addition, in the normal course of our business, some films and titles are more successful or less successful than anticipated. Management regularly reviews and revises when necessary its ultimate revenue and cost estimates, which may result in a change in the rate of amortization of film costs and participations and residuals and/or a write-down of all or a portion of the unamortized costs of the film or television program to its estimated fair value (see below).
An increase in the estimate of ultimate revenue will generally result in a lower amortization rate and, therefore, less film and television program amortization expense, while a decrease in the estimate of ultimate revenue will generally result in a higher amortization rate and, therefore, higher film and television program amortization expense, and also periodically results in an impairment requiring a write-down of the film cost to the title’s fair value. These write-downs are included in amortization expense within direct operating expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. See further discussion below under Impairment Assessment.
Film and Television Programs Monetized as a Group. Licensed programming rights may include rights to more than one exploitation window under the Company's output and library agreements. For films with multiple windows, the license fee is allocated between the windows based upon the proportionate estimated fair value of each window which generally results in the majority of the cost allocated to the first window on newer releases. Certain license agreements and productions may include additional ancillary rights in addition to the pay television rights. The cost of the Media Networks’ third-party licensed content and produced content is allocated between the pay television market distributed by the Media Networks’ segment and the ancillary revenue markets (e.g., home video, digital platforms, international television, etc.) based on the estimated relative fair values of these markets. Our estimates of fair value for the pay television and ancillary markets and windows of exploitation involve uncertainty and management judgment. Programming costs vary due to the number of airings and cost of our original series, the number of films licensed and the cost per film paid under our output and library programming agreements.
The cost of program rights for films and television programs (including original series) exhibited by the Media Networks segment are generally amortized on an accelerated or straight-line basis based on the historical viewership patterns, anticipated number of exhibitions expected or the license period on a title-by-title or episode-by-episode basis. The number of exhibitions is estimated based on the number of exhibitions allowed in the agreement (if specified) and the expected usage of the content. Participations and residuals are expensed in line with the amortization of production costs.
Changes in management’s estimate of the anticipated exhibitions and viewership patterns of films and original series on our networks could result in the earlier recognition of our programming costs than anticipated. Conversely, scheduled exhibitions and expected viewership patterns may not capture the appropriate usage of the program rights in current periods which would lead to the write-off of additional program rights in future periods and may have a significant impact on our future results of operations and our financial position.
Impairment Assessment. A film group or individual film or television program is evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of an individual film or film group is less than its unamortized cost. If the result of the impairment test indicates that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge will then be recorded for the amount of the difference.
Estimate of Fair Value. For content that is predominantly monetized individually (primarily investment in film and television programs related to the Motion Picture and Television Production segments), the fair value is determined based on a
discounted cash flow analysis of the cash flows directly attributable to the title. For motion pictures intended for theatrical release, the discounted cash flow analysis used in the impairment evaluation prior to theatrical release is subjective as key inputs include estimates of future anticipated revenues, estimates of box office performance, which may differ from future actual results. These estimates are based in part on the historical performance of similar films, test audience results when available, information regarding competing film releases, and critic reviews. See further discussion of Valuation Assumptions below.
For content that is predominantly monetized as a group (primarily licensed program rights in the Media Networks segment and internally produced programming, as discussed above), the fair value is determined based on the present value of the discounted cash flows of the group using the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are independent of other produced and licensed content. The Company's film groups are generally aligned along the Company's networks and digital content offerings domestically (i.e., Starz Networks and, through March 31, 2021, Other Streaming Services) and by territory or groups of territories internationally, wherein content assets are shared across the various territories and therefore, the territory or group of territories is the film group. Content removed from the service and abandoned is written down to its fair value, if any, determined using a discounted cash flow approach.
Valuation Assumptions. The discounted cash flow analysis includes cash flows estimates of ultimate revenue and costs as well as a discount rate (a Level 3 fair value measurement, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements). The discount rate utilized in the discounted cash flow analysis is based on the weighted average cost of capital of the Company plus a risk premium representing the risk associated with producing a particular film or television program or film group. Estimates of future revenue involve measurement uncertainty and it is therefore possible that reductions in the carrying value of investment in films and television programs may be required as a consequence of changes in management’s future revenue estimates.
Revenue Recognition. Our Motion Picture and Television Production segments generate revenue principally from the licensing of content in domestic theatrical exhibition, home entertainment (e.g., digital media and packaged media), television, and international market places. Our Media Networks segment generates revenue primarily from the distribution of our STARZ branded premium subscription video services and, through March 31, 2021, from our formerly majority owned premium Spanish language streaming services business, Pantaya, which includes subscriber based streaming revenue and other distribution revenue. We sold our interest in Pantaya on March 31, 2021, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Our content licensing arrangements include fixed fee and minimum guarantee arrangements, and sales or usage based royalties. Our fixed fee or minimum guarantee licensing arrangements in the television, digital media and international markets may, in some cases, include multiple titles, multiple license periods (windows) with a substantive period in between the windows, rights to exploitation in different media, or rights to exploitation in multiple territories, which may be considered distinct performance obligations. When these performance obligations are considered distinct, the fixed fee or minimum guarantee in the arrangement is allocated to the title, window, media right or territory as applicable, based on estimates of relative standalone selling prices. The amounts related to each performance obligation (i.e., title, window, media or territory) are recognized when the content has been delivered, and the window for the exploitation right in that territory has begun, which is the point in time at which the customer is able to begin to use and benefit from the content.
Sales or usage based royalties represent amounts due to us based on the “sale” or “usage” of our content by the customer, and revenues are recognized at the later of when the subsequent sale or usage occurs, or the performance obligation to which some or all the sales or usage-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Generally, when we license completed content (with standalone functionality, such as a movie, or television show), our performance obligation will be satisfied prior to the sale or usage. When we license intellectual property that does not have stand-alone functionality (e.g., brands, themes, logos, etc.), our performance obligation is generally satisfied in the same period as the sale or usage. The actual amounts due to us under these arrangements are generally not reported to us until after the close of the reporting period. We record revenue under these arrangements for the amounts due and not yet reported to us based on estimates of the sales or usage of these customers and pursuant to the terms of the contracts. Such estimates are based on information from our customers, historical experience with similar titles in that market or territory, the performance of the title in other markets and/or available data in the industry. While we believe these estimates are reasonable estimates of the amounts due under these arrangements, such estimated amounts could differ from the actual amounts to be subsequently reported by the customer, which could be higher or lower than our estimates, and could result in an adjustment to revenues in future periods.
Revenue from the theatrical release of feature films are treated as sales or usage-based royalties and recognized starting at the exhibition date and based on our participation in box office receipts of the theatrical exhibitor.
Digital media revenue sharing arrangements are recognized as sales or usage based royalties.
Revenue from the sale of physical discs (DVDs, Blu-ray or 4K Ultra HD), referred to as "Packaged Media", in the retail market, net of an allowance for estimated returns and other allowances, is recognized on the later of receipt by the customer or “street date” (when it is available for sale by the customer). We estimate reserves for Packaged Media returns based on previous returns experience, point-of-sale data available from certain retailers, current economic trends, and projected future sales of the title to the consumer based on the actual performance of similar titles on a title-by-title basis in each of the Packaged Media businesses. Factors affecting actual returns include, among other factors, limited retail shelf space at various times of the year, success of advertising or other sales promotions, and the near term release of competing titles. We believe that our estimates have been materially accurate in the past; however, due to the judgment involved in establishing reserves, we may have adjustments to our historical estimates in the future. Our estimate of future returns affects reported revenue and operating income. If we underestimate the impact of future returns in a particular period, then we may record less revenue in later periods when returns exceed the estimated amounts. If we overestimate the impact of future returns in a particular period, then we may record additional revenue in later periods when returns are less than estimated. An incremental change of 1% in our estimated sales returns rate (i.e., provisions for returns divided by gross sales of related product) for home entertainment products would have had an impact of approximately $1.7 million, $2.0 million and $3.6 million on our total revenue in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Revenue from commissions are recognized as such services are provided.
Media Networks revenues may be based on a fixed fee, subject to nominal annual escalations, or a variable fee (i.e., a fee based on number of subscribers who receive our networks or other factors). Media Networks programming revenue is recognized over the contract term based on the continuous delivery of the content to the distributor. The variable distribution fee arrangements represent sales or usage based royalties and are recognized over the period of such sales or usage by the Company's distributor, which is the same period that the content is provided to the distributor. Payments to distributors for marketing support costs for which Starz receives a discrete benefit are recorded as distribution and marketing costs, and payments to distributors for which Starz receives no discrete benefit are recorded as a reduction of revenue.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles. At March 31, 2022, the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets was $2.8 billion and $250.0 million, respectively. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names primarily representing the estimated fair value of the Starz brand name determined in connection with the acquisition of Starz as of December 8, 2016. Goodwill is allocated to our reporting units, which are our operating segments or one level below our operating segments (component level). Reporting units are determined by the discrete financial information available for the component and whether that information is regularly reviewed by segment management. Components are aggregated into a single reporting unit if they share similar economic characteristics. Our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing, along with their respective goodwill balances at March 31, 2022, were Motion Picture (goodwill of $394 million), Media Networks (goodwill of $1.97 billion), and our Television (goodwill of $309 million) and Talent Management (goodwill of $93 million) businesses, both of which are part of our Television Production segment.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment each fiscal year or between the annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value. We perform our annual impairment test as of January 1 in each fiscal year. A goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment loss would be recognized for the amount that the carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill or an indefinite-lived intangible asset, exceeds its fair value. An entity may perform a qualitative assessment of the likelihood of the existence of a goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment. The qualitative assessment is an evaluation, based on all identified events and circumstances which impact the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset, of whether or not it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset. If we believe that as a result of our qualitative assessment it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is not required but may be performed at the option of the Company. A quantitative assessment requires determining the fair value of our reporting units or indefinite-lived intangible assets. The determination of fair value requires considerable judgment and requires assumptions and estimates of many factors, including revenue and market growth, operating margins and cash flows, market multiples and discount rates.
In performing a quantitative assessment of goodwill, we determine the fair value of our reporting units by using a combination of discounted cash flow ("DCF") analyses and market-based valuation methodologies. The models rely on significant judgments and assumptions surrounding general market and economic conditions, short-term and long-term growth rates, discount rates, income tax rates, and detailed management forecasts of future cash flow and operating margin projections, and other assumptions, all of which are based on our internal forecasts of future performance as well as historical trends. The market-based valuation method utilizes EBITDA multiples from guideline public companies operating in similar industries and a control premium. The results of these valuation methodologies are weighted as to their relative importance and a single fair value is determined. The fair value of our reporting units is reconciled to the market value of our equity, determined based on
the average prices of our common shares just prior to the period end. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual or interim goodwill impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future.
Goodwill Impairment Assessment:
For our annual goodwill impairment test for fiscal 2021, due to the increase in the market price of our common shares since our most recent previous quantitative impairment assessment at March 31, 2020, the performance of the Television and Media Networks reporting units in fiscal 2021, and the improvement of overall economic conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to fiscal 2020, we performed a qualitative assessment for all reporting units. This assessment included consideration of, but not limited to, the results of our most recent quantitative impairment test, consideration of macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, performance and current and projected cash flows of our reporting units, and changes in our share price. Based upon our qualitative assessment, we concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair value of our reporting units was greater than their carrying value.
For our annual goodwill impairment test for fiscal 2022, due to overall macroeconomic conditions, including the uncertainty of the longer-term economic impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the competitive environment for subscribers and its impact on subscriber growth rates and our businesses, we performed a quantitative impairment assessment for all of our reporting units as of January 1, 2022. The DCF analysis components of the fair value estimates were determined primarily by discounting estimated future cash flows, which included weighted average perpetual nominal growth rates ranging from 1.5% to 3.5%, at a weighted average cost of capital (discount rate) ranging from 10.5% to 11.8%, which considered the risk of achieving the projected cash flows, including the risk applicable to the reporting unit, industry and market as a whole. Based on our annual quantitative impairment assessment for fiscal 2022, the Company determined that one of our reporting units (Media Networks) was at risk for impairment due to relatively small changes in certain key assumptions that could cause an impairment of goodwill. The fair value analysis of our Media Networks reporting unit indicated that the fair value exceeded the related carrying value by approximately 10%.
We evaluated the sensitivity of our most critical assumptions used in the fair value analysis of our Media Networks reporting unit, including the discount rate, perpetual nominal growth rate and annual revenue growth rates. For our Media Networks reporting unit, we determined that an increase in the discount rate of up to 0.7% or a reduction of the perpetual nominal growth rate of up to 1.4% would not have impacted the test results, assuming no changes to other factors.
Management will continue to monitor all of its reporting units for changes in the business environment that could impact the recoverability in future periods. The recoverability of goodwill is dependent upon the continued growth of revenue and cash flows from our business activities. Examples of events or circumstances that could result in changes to the underlying key assumptions and judgments used in our goodwill impairment tests, and ultimately impact the estimated fair value of our reporting units may include the duration of the COVID-19 global pandemic, its impact on the global economy and the creation and consumption of our content; adverse macroeconomic conditions; volatility in the equity and debt markets which could result in higher weighted-average cost of capital; the commercial success of our television programming and motion pictures; our continual contractual relationships with our customers; including our affiliate agreements of our Media Networks business; our subscriber growth rates domestically and internationally across our traditional and OTT platforms and changes in consumer behavior. While historical performance and current expectations have resulted in fair values of our reporting units in excess of carrying values, if our assumptions are not realized, it is possible that an impairment charge may need to be recorded in the future.
Indefinite-Lived Intangibles Other Than Goodwill Impairment Assessment:
For fiscal 2022, we performed a qualitative impairment assessment of our indefinite-lived trade names. Based on the qualitative impairment assessment of our trade names, we concluded that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of our trade names was more than its carrying amount, and therefore our trade names were not considered at risk of impairment. This qualitative analysis considered the relative impact of market-specific and macroeconomic factors. The market-specific factors considered included recent projections of revenues and growth in OTT subscribers, both domestic and internationally, associated with the STARZ brand name. The Company also considered the macroeconomic impact including the uncertainty around the COVID-19 global pandemic, and the resulting uncertain long-term economic impact on discount rates and growth rates, as well as the impact from tax law changes inclusive of the reduction of the federal tax rate since the acquisition of Starz.
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets. At March 31, 2022, the carrying value of our finite-lived intangible assets was approximately $1.19 billion. Our finite-lived intangible assets primarily relate to customer relationships associated with U.S. MVPDs, including cable operators, satellite television providers and telecommunications companies ("Traditional Affiliate"), which amounted to $1.18 billion. The amount of our customer relationship asset related to these Traditional Affiliate
relationships reflects the estimated fair value of these customer relationships determined in connection with the acquisition of Starz on December 8, 2016, net of amortization recorded since the date of the Starz acquisition. Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized to depreciation and amortization expense over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 5 to 16 years. The Starz Traditional Affiliate customer relationship intangible asset is amortized in the proportion that current period revenues bear to management’s estimate of future revenue over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset, which results in greater amortization in the earlier years of the estimated useful life of the asset than the latter years.
Amortizable intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If a triggering event has occurred, an impairment analysis is required. The impairment test first requires a comparison of undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated over the useful life of an asset to the carrying value of the asset. The impairment test is performed at the lowest level of cash flows associated with the asset. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows, the asset would not be deemed to be recoverable. Impairment would then be measured as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value.
The Company monitors its finite-lived intangible assets and changes in the underlying circumstances each reporting period for indicators of possible impairments or a change in the useful life or method of amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets. For fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, due to changes in the industry related to the migration from linear to OTT and direct-to-consumer consumption, and the economic uncertainty from the COVID-19 global pandemic, we performed an impairment analysis of our amortizable intangible assets. The impairment analysis requires a comparison of undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated over the useful life of an asset to the carrying value of the asset. Based on our impairment analysis, the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceeded the carrying amount of the assets and therefore no impairment charge was required.
Determining whether an intangible asset is recoverable or impaired requires various estimates and assumptions, including whether events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, determining estimates of future cash flows for the assets involved and, when applicable, the assumptions applied in determining fair value, including discount rates, growth rates, market risk premiums and other assumptions about the economic environment. Should the revenues from our Traditional Affiliate relationships decline more than the assumed attrition rates used in our current estimates, either as a result of decreases in subscriber rates or changes of the terms of our renewals of our Traditional Affiliate contracts, we may have indicators of impairment which could result in an impairment of our customer relationships intangible assets, or we may need to further shorten the useful life or adopt a more accelerated method of amortization both of which would increase the amount of amortization expense we record.
Income Taxes. We are subject to federal and state income taxes in the U.S., and in several foreign jurisdictions. We record deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards and certain temporary differences, net of applicable reserves in these jurisdictions. We recognize a future tax benefit to the extent that realization of such benefit is more likely than not on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis; otherwise, a valuation allowance is applied. In order to realize the benefit of our deferred tax assets, we will need to generate sufficient taxable income in the future in each of the jurisdictions which have these deferred tax assets. However, the assessment as to whether there will be sufficient taxable income in a jurisdiction to realize our net deferred tax assets in that jurisdiction is an estimate which could change in the future depending primarily upon the actual performance of our Company. We will be required to continually evaluate the more likely than not assessment that our net deferred tax assets will be realized, and if operating results deteriorate in a particular jurisdiction, we may need to record a valuation allowance for all or a portion of our deferred tax assets through a charge to our income tax provision. As of March 31, 2022, we have a valuation allowance of $362.8 million against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets that may not be realized on a more likely than not basis.
Our effective tax rates differ from the federal statutory rate and are affected by many factors, including the overall level of pre-tax income (loss), the mix of our pre-tax income (loss) generated across the various jurisdictions in which we operate, any changes in tax laws and regulations in those jurisdictions, changes in uncertain tax positions, changes in valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets, tax planning strategies available to us and other discrete items.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recent accounting guidance.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Fiscal 2022 Compared to Fiscal 2021
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The Media Networks segment results of operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 included our formerly majority owned premium Spanish language streaming services business, Pantaya (representing substantially all of Other Streaming Services). We sold our interest in Pantaya on March 31, 2021. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Year Ended
March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Revenues
Studio Business
Motion Picture $ 1,185.3 $ 1,081.1 $ 104.2 9.6 %
Television Production 1,531.0 831.8 699.2 84.1 %
Total Studio Business 2,716.3 1,912.9 803.4 42.0 %
Media Networks 1,536.2 1,562.7 (26.5) (1.7) %
Intersegment eliminations (648.2) (204.1) (444.1) 217.6 %
Total revenues 3,604.3 3,271.5 332.8 10.2 %
Expenses:
Direct operating 2,064.2 1,725.9 338.3 19.6 %
Distribution and marketing 861.0 719.3 141.7 19.7 %
General and administration 475.4 486.6 (11.2) (2.3) %
Depreciation and amortization 177.9 188.5 (10.6) (5.6) %
Restructuring and other 16.8 24.7 (7.9) (32.0) %
Gain on sale of Pantaya - (44.1) 44.1 n/a
Total expenses 3,595.3 3,100.9 494.4 15.9 %
Operating income 9.0 170.6 (161.6) (94.7) %
Interest expense (176.0) (181.5) 5.5 (3.0) %
Interest and other income 30.8 5.8 25.0 nm
Other expense (10.9) (6.7) (4.2) 62.7 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt (28.2) - (28.2) n/a
Gain on investments 1.3 0.5 0.8 160.0 %
Equity interests loss (3.0) (6.1) 3.1 (50.8) %
Loss before income taxes (177.0) (17.4) (159.6) nm
Income tax provision (28.4) (17.1) (11.3) 66.1 %
Net loss (205.4) (34.5) (170.9) nm
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 17.2 15.6 1.6 10.3 %
Net loss attributable to Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. shareholders $ (188.2) $ (18.9) $ (169.3) nm
_______________________
nm - Percentage not meaningful.
Revenues. Consolidated revenues increased $332.8 million in fiscal 2022 reflecting an increase of $803.4 million from our Studio Business, offset by a decrease of $26.5 million from our Media Networks business, and an increase in intersegment eliminations, which primarily relate to the licensing of product from our Studio Business (primarily our Television Production segment) to the Media Networks segment.
Motion Picture revenue increased $104.2 million in fiscal 2022 due to a greater number of theatrical and international releases as theaters have reopened, increased television revenue, and increased digital media home entertainment revenue. These increases were offset partially by lower packaged media home entertainment revenue and other revenue. Motion Picture revenue included $38.0 million of revenue from licensing Motion Picture segment product to the Media Networks segment, representing an increase of $18.2 million from fiscal 2021.
Television Production revenue increased $699.2 million due to increased intersegment revenues from the licensing of Starz original series, and a greater number of television episodes delivered to third-parties as compared to fiscal 2021, which was negatively impacted by the pausing of productions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. Television Production revenue included $610.2 million of revenue from licensing Television Production segment product to our Media Networks segment, representing an increase of $425.9 million from fiscal 2021.
The increases in Television Production and Motion Picture revenue were partially offset by increased intersegment eliminations primarily associated with higher Television Production revenues for licenses of original series to Starz Networks and STARZPLAY International, both in the Media Networks segment.
Media Networks revenue decreased $26.5 million reflecting a decrease of $50.3 million due to the sale of Pantaya on March 31, 2021, and a decrease of $18.0 million at Starz Networks, partially offset by increased revenue at STARZPLAY International of $41.8 million.
See further discussion in the Segment Results of Operations section below.
Direct Operating Expenses. Direct operating expenses by segment were as follows for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended March 31,
2022 2021 Increase (Decrease)
Amount % of Segment Revenues Amount % of Segment Revenues Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Direct operating expenses
Studio Business
Motion Picture $ 547.1 46.2 % $ 508.3 47.0 % $ 38.8 7.6 %
Television Production 1,373.9 89.7 676.5 81.3 697.4 103.1 %
Total Studio Business 1,921.0 70.7 1,184.8 61.9 736.2 62.1 %
Media Networks 747.9 48.7 677.5 43.4 70.4 10.4 %
COVID-19 related charges (3.6) nm 50.6 nm (54.2) n/a
Other 44.4 nm 3.0 nm 41.4 nm
Intersegment eliminations (645.5) nm (190.0) nm (455.5) 239.7 %
$ 2,064.2 57.3 % $ 1,725.9 52.8 % $ 338.3 19.6 %
_______________________
nm - Percentage not meaningful.
Direct operating expenses increased in fiscal 2022, due to higher Television Production and Motion Picture revenue, and higher Media Networks direct operating expense and other direct operating expense (as further described below), partially offset by lower COVID-19 related charges (as further described below). The increase in Television Production direct operating expense was partially offset by the increase in intersegment eliminations, which primarily relate to Television Production direct operating expense associated with licenses of original series to Starz Networks and STARZPLAY International, both in the Media Networks segment. The increase in Media Networks direct operating expense was driven by increases at STARZPLAY International of $52.1 million and at Starz Networks of $30.1 million. See further discussion in the Segment Results of Operations section below.
COVID-19 Related Charges. In connection with the disruptions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic and measures to prevent its spread and mitigate its effects both domestically and internationally, and the related economic disruption, certain incremental costs were incurred and expensed and included in consolidated direct operating expense and excluded from segment direct operating expense. In fiscal 2022, direct operating expense included a benefit of $3.6 million from insurance recoveries in excess of incremental costs associated with the pausing and restarting of productions including
paying/hiring certain cast and crew, maintaining idle facilities and equipment costs resulting from circumstances associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. In fiscal 2021, the charges of $50.6 million include incremental costs associated with film impairment due to changes in performance expectations, the pausing and restarting of productions including paying/hiring certain cast and crew, maintaining idle facilities and equipment costs resulting from circumstances associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. We may incur additional incremental costs for direct operating expenses related to the COVID-19 global pandemic in future periods, depending on if there is a continued spread of recent and new variants. We are in the process of seeking additional insurance recovery for some of the costs already incurred and expect to seek insurance recovery for any additional incremental costs. The ultimate amount of insurance recovery cannot be estimated at this time.
Other. In the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, we performed a strategic review of original programming on the STARZ platform, which identified certain titles with limited viewership or strategic purpose which were removed from the STARZ service and abandoned by the Media Networks segment. As a result, we recorded certain programming and content charges of $36.9 million in fiscal 2022, which are excluded from segment operating results but included in direct operating expense in the consolidated statement of operations and reflected in the "other" line item above.
Other direct operating expenses in the table above also includes $5.9 million representing charges related to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, primarily related to bad debt reserves for accounts receivable from customers in Russia, which are excluded from segment operating results but included in direct operating expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
In addition, the remaining amounts of "other" direct operating expenses in the table above consists of the amortization of the non-cash fair value adjustments on film and television assets associated with the application of purchase accounting related to recent acquisitions.
Distribution and Marketing Expenses. Distribution and marketing expenses by segment were as follows for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Distribution and marketing expenses
Studio Business
Motion Picture $ 282.2 $ 171.0 $ 111.2 65.0 %
Television Production 33.0 29.0 4.0 13.8 %
Total Studio Business 315.2 200.0 115.2 57.6 %
Media Networks 545.1 501.8 43.3 8.6 %
COVID-19 related charges 0.2 16.9 (16.7) n/a
Other 0.5 0.6 (0.1) (16.7) %
$ 861.0 $ 719.3 $ 141.7 19.7 %
U.S. theatrical P&A and Premium VOD expense included in Motion Picture distribution and marketing expense $ 153.3 $ 71.2 $ 82.1 115.3 %
Distribution and marketing expenses increased in fiscal 2022 due to increased Motion Picture and Media Networks distribution and marketing expense. The increase in Motion Picture distribution and marketing expense is due to increased theatrical P&A related to more theatrical releases in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021 due to the opening of theaters and completion of productions. The increase in Media Networks distribution and marketing expense was due to an increase at Starz Networks of $74.1 million due to increased spend on our Starz Originals and to drive growth in subscriptions and an increase in operating expense related to continued growth in the OTT service, and to a lesser extent, an increase at STARZPLAY International of $9.0 million, partially offset by a decrease of $39.8 million due to the sale of Pantaya on March 31, 2021. See further discussion in the Segment Results of Operations section below.
In connection with the disruptions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic and measures to prevent its spread and mitigate its effects both domestically and internationally, and the related economic disruption, during fiscal 2022 and 2021, we incurred $0.2 million and $16.9 million, respectively, in costs primarily related to contractual marketing spends for film releases and events that have been canceled or delayed and thus will provide no economic benefit. These charges are excluded from segment operating results. We may incur additional incremental costs for distribution and marketing expenses in future periods, depending on if there is a continued spread of recent and new variants.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses by segment were as follows for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended
March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 % of Revenues 2021 % of Revenues Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
General and administrative expenses
Studio Business
Motion Picture $ 93.1 $ 106.2 $ (13.1) (12.3) %
Television Production 40.2 42.7 (2.5) (5.9) %
Total Studio Business 133.3 148.9 (15.6) (10.5) %
Media Networks 88.0 93.9 (5.9) (6.3) %
Corporate 97.1 113.7 (16.6) (14.6) %
318.4 8.8% 356.5 10.9% (38.1) (10.7) %
Share-based compensation expense 98.3 82.9 15.4 18.6 %
Purchase accounting and related adjustments 58.7 47.2 11.5 24.4 %
Total general and administrative expenses $ 475.4 13.2% $ 486.6 14.9% $ (11.2) (2.3) %
General and administrative expenses decreased in fiscal 2022, resulting from decreased Corporate, Motion Picture, Television Production and Media Networks general and administrative expenses, partially offset by increases in share-based compensation expense and purchase accounting and related adjustments. See further discussion in the Segment Results of Operations section below.
Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased $16.6 million, or 14.6%, primarily due to a decrease in incentive based compensation.
The increase in share-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expense in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, as compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 is primarily due to an increase in the number of share-based payment awards incurring expense in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021. The following table presents share-based compensation expense by financial statement line item:
Year Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
(Amounts in millions)
Share-based compensation expense included in:
General and administrative expense $ 98.3 $ 82.9
Restructuring and other(1)
- 3.5
Direct operating expense 1.2 2.0
Distribution and marketing expense 0.5 0.6
Total share-based compensation expense $ 100.0 $ 89.0
_______________________
(1)Represents share-based compensation expense included in restructuring and other expenses reflecting the impact of the acceleration of certain vesting schedules for equity awards pursuant to certain severance arrangements.
Purchase accounting and related adjustments represent the charge for the accretion of the noncontrolling interest discount related to Pilgrim Media Group and 3 Arts Entertainment, the amortization of the recoupable portion of the purchase price and the expense associated with earned distributions related to 3 Arts Entertainment, all of which are accounted for as compensation and are included in general and administrative expense. Purchase accounting and related adjustments increased $11.5 million, or 24.4%, primarily due to the expense associated with the earned distributions related to 3 Arts Entertainment.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization of $177.9 million for fiscal 2022 decreased $10.6 million from $188.5 million in fiscal 2021 due to lower amortization expense related to our customer relationship intangible assets.
Restructuring and Other. Restructuring and other decreased $7.9 million in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021, and includes restructuring and severance costs, certain transaction and related costs, and certain unusual items, when applicable. Restructuring and other costs were as follows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (see Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements):
Year Ended March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Restructuring and other:
Severance(1)
Cash $ 4.6 $ 14.8 $ (10.2) (68.9) %
Accelerated vesting on equity awards (see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements) - 3.5 (3.5) nm
Total severance costs 4.6 18.3 (13.7) (74.9) %
COVID-19 related charges(2)
1.1 3.0 (1.9) (63.3) %
Transaction and related costs(3)
11.1 3.4 7.7 226.5 %
$ 16.8 $ 24.7 $ (7.9) (32.0) %
_______________________
nm - Percentage not meaningful.
(1)Severance costs in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were primarily related to restructuring activities in connection with cost-saving initiatives.
(2)Amounts represent certain incremental general and administrative costs associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic, such as costs related to transitioning the Company to a remote-work environment, costs associated with return-to-office safety protocols, and other incremental general and administrative costs associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic.
(3)Transaction and related costs in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 reflect transaction, integration and legal costs incurred associated with certain strategic transactions, restructuring activities and legal matters.
Gain on Sale of Pantaya. Gain on sale of Pantaya of $44.1 million for fiscal 2021 represents the gain before income taxes on the sale of the Company's former 75% majority interest in Pantaya on March 31, 2021. This gain amount is net of $69.0 million of goodwill allocated from the Media Networks segment as required under the applicable goodwill accounting guidance. Pantaya was previously reflected in the Company's Media Networks segment (see the Segment Results of Operations section below). See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
Interest Expense. Interest expense of $176.0 million in fiscal 2022 decreased $5.5 million from fiscal 2021 due to a lower average interest rate on the Senior Notes in fiscal 2022, and lower average balances on the term loans due to repurchases of the Term Loan B in fiscal 2022 and required repayments. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in other non-cash interest due to the amortization of unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to de-designated interest rate swaps which are being amortized to interest expense (see Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements). The following table sets forth the components of interest expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended
March 31,
2022 2021
(Amounts in millions)
Interest Expense
Cash Based:
Revolving credit facility $ 6.6 $ 4.2
Term loans 33.1 38.1
Senior Notes 54.8 65.3
Other(1)
31.0 29.1
125.5 136.7
Amortization of financing costs and other non-cash interest(2)
50.5 44.8
Total interest expense $ 176.0 $ 181.5
______________________
(1)Amounts include payments associated with the Company's interest rate swaps (see Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements).
(2)Amounts include the amortization of unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to de-designated interest rate swaps which are being amortized to interest expense (see Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements).
Interest and Other Income. Interest and other income of $30.8 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 compared to interest and other income of $5.8 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, due to insurance recoveries on prior shareholder litigation of $22.7 million in fiscal 2022 and other gains (see Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements).
Other Expense. Other expense of $10.9 million for fiscal 2022 compared to other expense of $6.7 million for fiscal 2021, and represented the loss recorded related to our monetization of accounts receivable programs (see Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements).
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt. Loss on extinguishment of debt of $28.2 million for fiscal 2022 related to the write-off of a portion of debt issuance costs (including a portion of call premiums) associated with the redemption of the 5.875% Senior Notes and 6.375% Senior Notes and associated issuance of the 5.500% Senior Notes, the amendment of our credit agreement to extend the maturity of a portion of our revolving credit commitments and a portion of our outstanding term A loans, repurchases of the Term Loan B, and the termination of a portion of our revolving credit commitments. There was no comparable loss in fiscal 2021. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements.
Gain on Investments. Gain on investments of $1.3 million for fiscal 2022 compared to a gain on investments of $0.5 million for fiscal 2021.
Equity Interests Loss. Equity interests loss of $3.0 million in fiscal 2022 compared to equity interests loss of $6.1 million in fiscal 2021 due to lower losses from our equity method investees.
Income Tax Provision. We had an income tax provision of $28.4 million in fiscal 2022, compared to an income tax provision of $17.1 million in fiscal 2021. Our income tax provision differs from the federal statutory rate multiplied by pre-tax income (loss) due to the mix of our pre-tax income (loss) generated across the various jurisdictions in which we operate, changes in the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, and certain minimum taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Our income tax provision for fiscal 2022 was also impacted by an interest accrual on uncertain tax benefits, additional uncertain tax benefits related to state income taxes identified during state tax audits, and release of uncertain tax benefits due to the close of audits or expiration of statutory limitations. Our income tax provision for fiscal 2021 was also impacted by an interest accrual on uncertain tax benefits, and release of uncertain tax benefits due to the expiration of statutory limitations and settlements with tax authorities.
At March 31, 2022, we had U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1,602.2 million available to reduce future federal income taxes which expire beginning in 2029 through 2042, state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $910.6 million available to reduce future state income taxes which expire in varying amounts beginning 2023, Canadian loss carryforwards of $3.9 million which will expire beginning in 2028, Luxembourg loss carryforwards of $413.0 million which will expire beginning in 2036, and other foreign jurisdiction loss carryforwards of $12.8 million which will expire beginning in 2028. In addition, at March 31, 2022, we had U.S. credit carryforwards related to foreign taxes paid of approximately $76.8 million to offset future federal income taxes that will expire beginning in 2023.
Net Loss Attributable to Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. Shareholders. Net loss attributable to our shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 was $188.2 million, or basic and diluted net loss per common share of $0.84 on 224.1 million weighted average common shares outstanding. This compares to net loss attributable to our shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 of $18.9 million, or basic and diluted net loss per common share of $0.09 on 220.5 million weighted average common shares outstanding.
Segment Results of Operations
The segment results of operations presented below do not include the elimination of intersegment transactions which are eliminated when presenting consolidated results, and exclude items separately identified in the restructuring and other line item in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company's primary measure of segment performance is segment profit. Segment profit is defined as gross contribution (revenues, less direct operating and distribution and marketing expense) less segment general and administration expenses. Segment profit excludes, when applicable, corporate general and administrative expense, restructuring and other costs, share-based compensation, certain programming and content charges as a result of changes in management and/or programming and content strategy, certain charges related to the COVID-19 global pandemic, charges resulting from Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and purchase accounting and related adjustments. The Company believes the presentation of segment profit is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to view segment performance in a manner similar to the primary method used by the Company's management and enables them to understand the fundamental performance of the Company's businesses. The reconciliation of segment profit to the Company's consolidated loss before income taxes is presented in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements.
Segment Presentation
We refer to our Motion Picture and Television Production segments collectively as our Studio Business. The table below sets forth the revenues, gross contribution and segment profit of our collective Studio Business and Media Networks segment.
Year Ended
March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Revenue
Studio Business
Motion Picture $ 1,185.3 $ 1,081.1 $ 104.2 9.6 %
Television Production 1,531.0 831.8 699.2 84.1 %
Total Studio Business $ 2,716.3 $ 1,912.9 $ 803.4 42.0 %
Media Networks 1,536.2 1,562.7 (26.5) (1.7) %
Intersegment eliminations (648.2) (204.1) (444.1) 217.6 %
$ 3,604.3 $ 3,271.5 $ 332.8 10.2 %
Gross Contribution
Studio Business
Motion Picture $ 356.0 $ 401.8 $ (45.8) (11.4) %
Television Production 124.1 126.3 (2.2) (1.7) %
Total Studio Business $ 480.1 $ 528.1 $ (48.0) (9.1) %
Media Networks 243.2 383.4 (140.2) (36.6) %
Intersegment eliminations (2.7) (14.1) 11.4 (80.9) %
$ 720.6 $ 897.4 $ (176.8) (19.7) %
Segment Profit
Studio Business
Motion Picture $ 262.9 $ 295.6 $ (32.7) (11.1) %
Television Production 83.9 83.6 0.3 0.4 %
Total Studio Business $ 346.8 $ 379.2 $ (32.4) (8.5) %
Media Networks 155.2 289.5 (134.3) (46.4) %
Intersegment eliminations (2.7) (14.1) 11.4 (80.9) %
$ 499.3 $ 654.6 $ (155.3) (23.7) %
See the following discussion for further detail of our individual segments.
Motion Picture
The table below sets forth Motion Picture gross contribution and segment profit for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended
March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Motion Picture Segment:
Revenue $ 1,185.3 $ 1,081.1 $ 104.2 9.6 %
Expenses:
Direct operating expense 547.1 508.3 38.8 7.6 %
Distribution & marketing expense 282.2 171.0 111.2 65.0 %
Gross contribution 356.0 401.8 (45.8) (11.4) %
General and administrative expenses 93.1 106.2 (13.1) (12.3) %
Segment profit $ 262.9 $ 295.6 $ (32.7) (11.1) %
U.S. theatrical P&A and Premium VOD expense included in distribution and marketing expense $ 153.3 $ 71.2 $ 82.1 115.3 %
Direct operating expense as a percentage of revenue 46.2 % 47.0 %
Gross contribution as a percentage of revenue 30.0 % 37.2 %
Revenue. The table below sets forth Motion Picture revenue by media and product category for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended March 31,
2022 2021(1)
Total Increase (Decrease)
Lionsgate Original Releases(2)
Other Film(3)
Total Lionsgate Original Releases(2)
Other Film(3)
Total
(Amounts in millions)
Motion Picture Revenue
Theatrical $ 54.8 $ 10.5 $ 65.3 $ 9.3 $ 2.7 $ 12.0 $ 53.3
Home Entertainment
Digital Media 325.5 171.6 497.1 297.3 164.2 461.5 35.6
Packaged Media 64.7 50.3 115.0 81.8 57.7 139.5 (24.5)
Total Home Entertainment 390.2 221.9 612.1 379.1 221.9 601.0 11.1
Television 213.1 44.8 257.9 195.7 34.5 230.2 27.7
International 178.4 56.0 234.4 157.0 60.0 217.0 17.4
Other 9.1 6.5 15.6 14.9 6.0 20.9 (5.3)
$ 845.6 $ 339.7 $ 1,185.3 $ 756.0 $ 325.1 $ 1,081.1 $ 104.2
____________________
(1)During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, we changed the presentation of the categories in the table above to "Lionsgate Original Releases" and "Other Film", and changed the definitions of these categories as described further below, in order to be consistent with how management is now reviewing the Motion Picture segment. Through December 31, 2021, we had previously presented a "Feature Film" and "Other Film" category. Accordingly, amounts presented in the table above for fiscal 2021 have been conformed to the current fiscal year presentation.
(2)Lionsgate Original Releases: Includes titles originally planned for a wide theatrical release by Lionsgate, including titles that have changed from a planned wide theatrical release to an initial direct-to-streaming release. These releases include films developed and produced in-house, films co-developed and co-produced and films acquired or licensed from third parties. In addition, Lionsgate Original Releases also includes multi-platform and direct-to-platform motion pictures originally released or licensed by Lionsgate, and the licensing of our original release motion picture content to other ancillary markets (location-based entertainment, games, etc.).
(3)Other Film: Includes acquired and licensed brands and libraries originally released by other parties such as third-party library product, including our titles released by acquired companies prior to our acquisition of the company (i.e., Summit Entertainment library), and titles released with our equity method investees, Roadside Attractions and Pantelion Films, and other titles.
Theatrical revenue increased $53.3 million in fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal 2021, due to an increase of $45.5 million from Lionsgate Original Releases driven by a greater number of theatrical slate releases (The Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard, American Underdog, Spiral and Moonfall, among others), as theaters have reopened. In fiscal 2021, theaters were mostly closed due to circumstances associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic.
Home entertainment revenue increased $11.1 million, or 1.8%, in fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal 2021, due to higher digital media revenue of $35.6 million, offset by lower packaged media revenue of $24.5 million. The increase in digital media revenue primarily related to a Lionsgate Original Release direct-to-platform (i.e., SVOD) motion picture licensing agreement in fiscal 2022.
Television revenue increased $27.7 million, or 12.0%, in fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal 2021, due to an increase from Lionsgate Original Releases of $17.4 million due to a greater number of television windows opening for our theatrical slate titles (and revenue recognized) than in fiscal 2021. In addition, Other Film increased $10.3 million due to higher revenue from our acquired library titles.
International revenue increased $17.4 million, or 8.0%, in fiscal 2022, as compared to fiscal 2021 due to an increase from Lionsgate Original Releases of $21.4 million, offset by a decrease in Other Film of $4.0 million. The increase in Lionsgate Original Releases related to higher revenue in fiscal 2022 from our fiscal 2021 and 2020 theatrical slates, as compared to fiscal 2021, which had limited new significant theatrical releases due to circumstances associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic.
If the adverse economic impact and disruptions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic improve, we currently expect that Motion Picture segment revenues will increase in fiscal 2023 as compared to fiscal 2022. The extent of the increase, if any, to Motion Picture segment revenues, will depend on, among other things, the duration and spread of the pandemic (including recent and new variants), the impact of governmental regulations that have been, and may continue to be, imposed in response to the pandemic, the continued effectiveness of actions taken to contain or mitigate the outbreak (including the availability, effectiveness and/or public acceptance of any FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines), potential resurgences of COVID-19, and the discovery and spread of recent and new variants of the virus which could result in the re-imposition of certain restrictions and may lead to more restrictions being implemented again to reduce the spread of COVID-19, general global economic conditions, the rate at which theaters are able to re-open at scale, the rate of consumers' return to the theaters, and the impact of a potentially crowded marketplace from movies which are awaiting theatrical release in the market. The evolving and uncertain nature of the situation could result in further interruptions to our operations, including continued delays in domestic and international theatrical distribution and production and the pausing of productions, which could impact Motion Picture segment revenues.
Direct Operating Expense. The increase in direct operating expenses is due to higher Motion Picture revenue. The slight decrease in direct operating expenses as a percentage of motion picture revenue was driven by the change in the mix of titles and product categories generating revenue in the current fiscal year as compared to the prior fiscal year. In particular, the decrease was due to the lower amortization rate of the fiscal 2022 theatrical slate titles generating revenue in the current fiscal year, as compared to the amortization rate of the fiscal 2021 theatrical slate titles in the prior fiscal year, which reflected higher investment in film write-downs. Investment in film write-downs included in Motion Picture segment direct operating expense in fiscal 2022 were $1.2 million, as compared to $19.4 million in fiscal 2021.
Distribution and Marketing Expense. The increase in distribution and marketing expense in fiscal 2022 is due to increased theatrical P&A and Premium VOD expense related to more theatrical releases in fiscal 2022 and P&A incurred in advance for films to be released in subsequent quarters, as compared to fiscal 2021, which was impacted by the closure of theaters as a result of circumstances associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. In fiscal 2022, approximately $14.1 million of P&A and Premium VOD expense was incurred in advance for films to be released in subsequent quarters (The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent, The Unbreakable Boy, The Devil's Light, Borderlands), compared to approximately $7.2 million in fiscal 2021 in the Motion Picture segment.
Gross Contribution. Gross contribution of the Motion Picture segment for fiscal 2022 decreased $45.8 million, or 11.4%, as compared to fiscal 2021 due to higher Motion Picture distribution and marketing expense as a percentage of Motion Picture revenue, partially offset by higher Motion Picture revenue and slightly lower direct operating expense as a percentage of Motion Picture revenue.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses of the Motion Picture segment decreased $13.1 million, or 12.3%, due to a decrease in incentive based compensation.
Television Production
The table below sets forth Television Production gross contribution and segment profit for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended
March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Television Production Segment:
Revenue $ 1,531.0 $ 831.8 $ 699.2 84.1 %
Expenses:
Direct operating expense 1,373.9 676.5 697.4 103.1 %
Distribution & marketing expense 33.0 29.0 4.0 13.8 %
Gross contribution 124.1 126.3 (2.2) (1.7) %
General and administrative expenses 40.2 42.7 (2.5) (5.9) %
Segment profit $ 83.9 $ 83.6 $ 0.3 0.4 %
Direct operating expense as a percentage of revenue 89.7 % 81.3 %
Gross contribution as a percentage of revenue 8.1 % 15.2 %
Revenue. The table below sets forth Television Production revenue and changes in revenue by media for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended
March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
Television Production (Amounts in millions)
Television $ 1,094.5 $ 474.0 $ 620.5 130.9 %
International 256.5 164.5 92.0 55.9 %
Home Entertainment Revenue
Digital 85.1 127.1 (42.0) (33.0) %
Packaged Media 6.9 5.7 1.2 21.1 %
Total Home Entertainment Revenue 92.0 132.8 (40.8) (30.7) %
Other 88.0 60.5 27.5 45.5 %
$ 1,531.0 $ 831.8 $ 699.2 84.1 %
The primary component of Television Production revenue is domestic television revenue. Domestic television revenue increased in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021, due to an increase of $369.7 million from intersegment revenues from the licensing of Starz original series (Power Book III: Raising Kanan, Power Book IV: Force, High Town, Heels Season 1, BMF Season 1, Step Up: Highwater Season 3, among others) to Starz Networks, and an increase from a greater number of television episodes delivered to third-parties (Minx Season 1, Home Economics Season 2, Love Life Season 2, Acapulco Season 1, Dear White People Season 4, and Welcome to Flatch Season 1 among others). Fiscal 2021 was negatively impacted by disruptions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic and the associated pausing of productions which resulted in the delay of television episodes delivered in fiscal 2021.
International revenue in fiscal 2022 increased $92.0 million, or 55.9%, as compared to fiscal 2021, due to an increase of of $41.0 million from intersegment revenues from the licensing of Starz original series (Power Book III: Raising Kanan Season 1, Heels Season 1, Power Book IV: Force Season 1) to STARZPLAY International, and revenue from third-parties in fiscal 2022 for Pam & Tommy Season 1, Dear White People Season 4, and Acapulco Season 1.
Home entertainment revenue in fiscal 2022 decreased $40.8 million, or 30.7%, as compared to fiscal 2021, due to digital media revenue in fiscal 2021 for the second syndication license of Mad Men Seasons 1 to 7 and digital media revenue for Power Season 6, which compared to digital media revenue in fiscal 2022 from Weeds Seasons 1 to 8 and Welcome to Flatch Season 1.
Other revenue increased in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021, primarily due to revenue of 3 Arts Entertainment, which was negatively impacted in fiscal 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic related disruptions.
While television production has resumed, the extent of the future impact on other revenue of the COVID-19 global pandemic is uncertain and will depend on film and television productions and releases fully returning to and remaining at pre COVID-19 levels.
If the adverse economic impact and disruptions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic improve, we currently expect that Television Production segment revenues will increase in fiscal 2023 as compared to fiscal 2022. The extent of the increase to Television Production segment revenues, will depend on, among other things, the duration and spread of the pandemic (including recent and new variants), the impact of governmental regulations that have been, and may continue to be, imposed in response to the pandemic, the continued effectiveness of actions taken to contain or mitigate the outbreak (including the availability, effectiveness and/or public acceptance of any FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines), potential resurgences of COVID-19, and the discovery and spread of recent and new variants of the virus which could result in the re-imposition of certain restrictions and may lead to more restrictions being implemented again to reduce the spread of COVID-19, and general global economic conditions. The evolving and uncertain nature of the situation could result in further interruptions to our operations, including continued delays in domestic and international distribution and production throughout the U.S., Canada and worldwide, and the pausing of productions, which could impact Television Production segment revenues.
Direct Operating Expense. Direct operating expense of the Television Production segment in fiscal 2022 increased $697.4 million, or 103.1%, due to the increase in Television Production revenues. Direct operating expenses as a percentage of television production revenue increased primarily due to the mix of titles generating revenue in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021, and in particular, fiscal 2022 included a greater number of newer shows in which direct operating expense is typically higher as a percentage of revenue. Due to the increase in cost associated with production and changes in season orders,
fiscal 2022 also included increased write-downs to fair value of investment in film and television programs amounting to $34.9 million in aggregate, as compared to $10.3 million in fiscal 2021. This compared to lower direct operating expenses as a percentage of television revenue in fiscal 2021, which included significant revenue from Mad Men, which has a lower amortization rate relative to the amortization rate of the Television Production segment, and fiscal 2021 included fewer deliveries of newer shows primarily associated with the pausing of productions due to the COVID-19 global pandemic related disruptions.
Gross Contribution. Gross contribution of the Television Production segment for fiscal 2022 decreased slightly by $2.2 million as compared to fiscal 2021 on significantly higher revenue which was offset by higher direct operating expenses as a percentage of television production revenue.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses of the Television Production segment decreased $2.5 million, or 5.9%, due to a decrease in incentive based compensation.
Media Networks
The table below sets forth Media Networks gross contribution and segment profit for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The Media Networks segment results of operations for fiscal 2021 included our formerly majority owned premium Spanish language streaming services business, Pantaya (representing substantially all of our former Other Streaming Services product line). We sold our interest in Pantaya on March 31, 2021. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Year Ended
March 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 Amount Percent
(Amounts in millions)
Media Networks Segment:
Revenue $ 1,536.2 $ 1,562.7 $ (26.5) (1.7) %
Expenses:
Direct operating expense 747.9 677.5 70.4 10.4 %
Distribution & marketing expense 545.1 501.8 43.3 8.6 %
Gross contribution 243.2 383.4 (140.2) (36.6) %
General and administrative expenses 88.0 93.9 (5.9) (6.3) %
Segment profit $ 155.2 $ 289.5 $ (134.3) (46.4) %
Direct operating expense as a percentage of revenue 48.7 % 43.4 %
Gross contribution as a percentage of revenue 15.8 % 24.5 %
The following table sets forth the Media Networks segment profit by product line:
Year Ended Year Ended
March 31, 2022 March 31, 2021
Starz Networks STARZPLAY International Total Media Networks Starz Networks STARZPLAY International Other Streaming Services Total Media Networks
(Amounts in millions)
Media Networks Segment:
Revenue $ 1,428.9 $ 107.3 $ 1,536.2 $ 1,446.9 $ 65.5 $ 50.3 $ 1,562.7
Expenses:
Direct operating expense 606.8 141.1 747.9 576.7 89.0 11.8 677.5
Distribution & marketing expense 437.9 107.2 545.1 363.8 98.2 39.8 501.8
Gross contribution 384.2 (141.0) 243.2 506.4 (121.7) (1.3) 383.4
General and administrative expenses 63.7 24.3 88.0 68.0 18.3 7.6 93.9
Segment profit $ 320.5 $ (165.3) $ 155.2 $ 438.4 $ (140.0) $ (8.9) $ 289.5
Subscriber Data. The number of period-end service subscribers is a key metric which management uses to evaluate a non-ad supported subscription video service. We believe this key metric provides useful information to investors as a growing or decreasing subscriber base is a key indicator of the health of the overall business. Service subscribers may impact revenue differently depending on specific distribution agreements we have with our distributors which may include fixed fees, rates per basic video household or a rate per STARZ subscriber. The table below sets forth, for the periods presented, subscriptions to our Media Networks and STARZPLAY Arabia services.
March 31, March 31,
2022 2021
(Amounts in millions)
Starz Domestic
Linear Subscribers 9.5 10.9
OTT Subscribers 11.5 10.0
Total 21.0 20.9
STARZPLAY International
Linear Subscribers 1.8 1.9
OTT Subscribers 11.0 4.9
Total 12.8 6.8
Total Starz
Linear Subscribers 11.3 12.8
OTT Subscribers 22.5 14.9
Total Starz 33.8 27.7
STARZPLAY Arabia(1)
2.0 1.8
Total Domestic and International Subscribers(2)
35.8 29.5
Subscribers by Platform:
Linear Subscribers 11.3 12.8
OTT Subscribers(2)(3)
24.5 16.7
Total Global Subscribers(2)
35.8 29.5
___________________
(1)Represents subscribers of STARZPLAY Arabia, a non-consolidated equity method investee.
(2)Due to the March 31, 2021 sale of Pantaya, total domestic and international subscribers, OTT subscribers and total global subscribers amounts exclude Pantaya as of March 31, 2022 and 2021.
(3)OTT subscribers includes subscribers of STARZPLAY Arabia, as presented above.
Revenue. Media Networks revenue decreased $26.5 million reflecting a decrease of $50.3 million due to the sale of Pantaya on March 31, 2021, and a decrease of $18.0 million at Starz Networks, partially offset by increased revenue at STARZPLAY International of $41.8 million as a result of subscriber and revenue growth in the international territories previously launched, and additional territories launched since March 31, 2021. Starz Networks' revenue decreased as a result of declines in revenue of $131.8 million from traditional linear services, which were mostly offset by higher OTT revenue of $111.9 million resulting from increased subscriptions.
During fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the following original series premiered on STARZ:
Year Ended March 31, 2022 Year Ended March 31, 2021
Title Premiere Date Title Premiere Date
First Quarter: First Quarter:
The Girlfriend Experience Season 3
May 2, 2021 Vida Season 3
April 26, 2020
Run the World Season 1
May 16, 2021 Hightown Season 1
May 17, 2020
Blindspotting Season 1
June 13, 2021
Second Quarter: Second Quarter:
Power Book III: Raising Kanan Season 1
July 18, 2021 P-Valley Season 1
July 12, 2020
Heels Season 1
August 15, 2021 Power Book II: Ghost September 6, 2020
BMF - Black Mafia Family Season 1
September 26, 2021
Third Quarter:(1)
Third Quarter:(2)
Hightown Season 2
October 17, 2021 The Spanish Princess Season 2
October 11, 2020
Power Book II: Ghost Season 2
November 21, 2021 Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult October 18, 2020
Fourth Quarter: Fourth Quarter:
Power Book IV: Force Season 1
February 6, 2022 American Gods Season 3
January 10, 2021
Outlander Season 6
March 6, 2022 Men in Kilts February 14, 2021
Shining Vale Season 1
March 6, 2022 The Gloaming March 21, 2021
___________________
(1)In addition, BMF - Black Mafia Family Season 1 premiered on September 26, 2021, with the majority of episodes airing during the three months ended December 31, 2021.
(2)In addition, while Power Book II: Ghost Season 1 premiered in the three months ended September 30, 2020, the series returned with a mid-season premiere in December 2020.
Direct Operating and Distribution and Marketing Expenses. Direct operating and distribution and marketing expenses primarily represent programming cost amortization and advertising and marketing costs, respectively. The level of programming cost amortization and advertising and marketing costs and thus the gross contribution margin for the Media Networks' segment can fluctuate from period to period depending on the number of new original series and first-run output theatrical movies premiering on the network during the period. Programming cost amortization and advertising and marketing costs generally increase in periods where new original series premiere. In addition, the launch of the STARZPLAY international service has and will continue to result in an increase in expenses as the service continues to expand.
The increase in Media Networks direct operating expenses is due to increases at STARZPLAY International of $52.1 million, and at Starz Networks of $30.1 million in fiscal 2022. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $11.8 million due to the sale of Pantaya on March 31, 2021. Direct operating expenses at STARZPLAY International increased as a result of the continued expansion of STARZPLAY International. The increase in Starz Networks direct operating expense was primarily due to higher programming cost amortization related to our Starz Originals of $123.3 million due to a higher number of, and more expensive, series premieres, partially offset by lower programming amortization of $91.6 million related to theatrical releases under our programming output agreements.
The increase in Media Networks distribution and marketing expense is due to an increase of $74.1 million at Starz Networks due to increased spend on our Starz Originals and increased spend to drive growth in our subscriptions and an increase in operating expense related to continued growth in the OTT service, and an increase of $9.0 million at STARZPLAY International due primarily to increased advertising and marketing to drive growth in subscribers. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $39.8 million due to the sale of Pantaya on March 31, 2021.
Gross Contribution. The decrease in gross contribution compared to fiscal 2021 was due to decreases at Starz Networks of $122.2 million and STARZPLAY International of $19.3 million, driven by higher direct operating expense and distribution and marketing expense, partially offset by higher STARZPLAY International revenue, all as described above.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expenses of the Media Networks segment in fiscal 2022 decreased from fiscal 2021, driven by decreases of $7.6 million due to the sale of Pantaya on March 31, 2021, and $4.3 million at Starz Networks, offset by an increase of $6.0 million at STARZPLAY International.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Cash
Our liquidity and capital requirements in fiscal 2022 were provided principally through cash generated from operations, corporate debt, our production and related loans, IP Credit Facility and other financing obligations (as further discussed below), and the monetization of trade accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $371.2 million.
Corporate Debt
Our corporate debt at March 31, 2022, excluding production and related loans and the IP Credit Facility discussed further below, consisted of the following:
•Senior Credit Facilities:
◦Revolving Credit Facility. We have a $1.25 billion revolving credit facility (with no amounts outstanding at March 31, 2022) due April 2026 (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). We maintain significant availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, which is currently used to meet our short-term liquidity requirements, and could also be used for longer term liquidity requirements.
◦Term Loan A. We have a term loan A facility, of which a portion of its outstanding loans, amounting to $444.9 million at March 31, 2022 is due April 2026 (the "2026 Term Loan A") and a portion of its outstanding loans, amounting to $193.6 million at March 31, 2022 was due March 2023 (the "2023 Term Loan A" and together with the 2026 Term Loan A, the "Term Loan A"). In April 2022, the Company voluntarily prepaid the entire outstanding principal amount of the 2023 Term Loan A of $193.6 million (see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for subsequent events).
◦Term Loan B. We have a term loan B facility due March 2025 (the "Term Loan B", and, together with the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan A, the "Senior Credit Facilities"), with $844.2 million outstanding at March 31, 2022.
•Senior Notes: We have $1.0 billion outstanding of 5.500% senior notes due 2029 (the "5.500% Senior Notes") at March 31, 2022.
See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our corporate debt.
Production and Related Loans, IP Credit Facility and Other Financing Obligations
We utilize our production and related loans, IP Credit Facility and other financing obligations to fund our film and television productions or licenses. Our production and related loans, IP Credit Facility and other financing obligations at March 31, 2022 include the following:
•Production and Related Loans: Production and related loans include individual loans for the production or license of film and television programs that we produce or license and amounts outstanding under our $235.0 million non-recourse senior secured revolving credit facility due January 2025 based on collateral consisting of certain of the Company’s tax credit receivables (the "Production Tax Credit Facility"). At March 31, 2022, there was $1,286.7 million outstanding of production and related loans.
•IP Credit Facility and Other Financing Obligations: In July 2021, as amended on September 30, 2021, certain of our subsidiaries entered into a senior secured amortizing term credit facility due July 2026 (the "IP Credit Facility") based on the collateral consisting solely of certain of our rights in certain library titles, including the Spyglass and other recently acquired libraries. The maximum principal amount of the IP Credit Facility is $140.0 million, subject to the amount of collateral available, which is based on the valuation of cash flows from the libraries. At March 31, 2022, there was $123.5 million outstanding under our IP Credit Facility.
On March 31, 2022 certain subsidiaries of the Company entered into a committed secured revolving credit facility (the "Investment Grade Receivables (IGR) Facility") based on collateral consisting of certain of the Company's fixed fee or minimum guarantee contracts where cash will be received in the future. The maximum principal amount of the IGR Facility is $125.0 million, subject to the amount of eligible collateral contributed to the facility. The IGR Facility revolving period finishes on March 31, 2025, at which point cash collections from the underlying collateral is used to repay the facility. The facility maturity date is up to 2 years and 90 days after the revolving period ends, currently June 28, 2027. As of March 31, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding under the IGR Facility, however, on April 1, 2022, the Company received $125.0 million under the IGR Facility. See Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for Subsequent Events.
See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our production and related loans, IP Credit Facility and other financing obligations.
Uses of Cash
Our principal uses of cash in operations include the funding of film and television productions, film and programming rights acquisitions, the distribution and marketing of films and television programs, and general and administrative expenses. We also use cash for debt service (i.e. principal and interest payments) requirements, equity method or other equity investments, quarterly cash dividends when declared, the purchase of common shares under our share repurchase program, capital expenditures, and acquisitions of or investment in businesses.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests. In addition, the Company has a redeemable noncontrolling interest balance of $321.2 million as of March 31, 2022 related to its acquisition of a controlling interest in Pilgrim Media Group and 3 Arts Entertainment, which may require the use of cash in the event the holders of the noncontrolling interests require the Company to repurchase their interests (see Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements).
•3 Arts Entertainment. The noncontrolling interest holders have a right to put the noncontrolling interest of 3 Arts Entertainment, at fair value, exercisable beginning May 29, 2023, for a 60 day period. Beginning 30 days after the expiration of the exercise period for the put rights held by the noncontrolling interest holders, the Company has a right to call the noncontrolling interest of 3 Arts Entertainment, at fair value, for a 60 day period.
•Pilgrim Media Group. Pursuant to an amendment dated April 2, 2021, the put and call rights associated with the noncontrolling interest were extended and modified, such that the noncontrolling interest holder has a right to put and the Company has a right to call a portion of the noncontrolling interest, equal to 25% of Pilgrim Media Group, at fair value, exercisable for thirty (30) days beginning November 12, 2022. In addition, the noncontrolling interest holder has a right to put and the Company has a right to call the remaining amount of noncontrolling interest at fair value, subject to a cap, exercisable for thirty (30) days beginning November 12, 2024, as amended.
We may from time to time seek to retire or purchase or refinance our outstanding debt through cash purchases, and/or exchanges for equity securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, refinancings, or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges or refinancings, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, our assessment of opportunities to lower interest expense, contractual restrictions and other factors, and such repurchases or exchanges could result in a charge from the early extinguishment of debt. The amounts involved may be material.
Anticipated Cash Requirements. The nature of our business is such that significant initial expenditures are required to produce, acquire, distribute and market films and television programs, while revenues from these films and television programs are earned over an extended period of time after their completion or acquisition. We expect to continue to increase our investments in film and television programs and film and programming rights acquisitions. In addition, the launch of the Company's STARZPLAY international service has and will require capital investment as the service expands to other international territories.
In the short-term, we currently expect that our cash requirements for productions and marketing spends will increase in fiscal 2023 as compared to fiscal 2022, due to the expected increase in film and television programs, productions or acquisitions in fiscal 2023.
However, we currently believe that cash flow from operations, cash on hand, revolving credit facility availability, the monetization of trade accounts receivable, tax-efficient financing, the availability of our Production Tax Credit Facility, IP Credit Facility and IGR Facility and other financing obligations, and available production or license financing will be adequate to meet known operational cash and debt service (i.e. principal and interest payments) requirements for the next twelve months and beyond, including the funding of future film and television production, film and programming rights acquisitions and theatrical and home entertainment release schedules, and future equity method or other investment funding requirements, and international expansion. We monitor our cash flow liquidity, availability, fixed charge coverage, capital base, film spending and leverage ratios with the long-term goal of maintaining our credit worthiness.
Our current financing strategy is to fund operations and to leverage investment in films and television programs in the short-term and long-term through our cash flow from operations, our revolving credit facility, production and related loans, government incentive programs, film funds, the monetization of trade accounts receivable, our Production Tax Credit Facility, our IP Credit Facility, our IGR Facility, and other financing obligations. In addition, we continue to expand our STARZPLAY international service and may acquire businesses or assets, including individual films or libraries that are complementary to our business. Any such transaction could be financed through our cash flow from operations, credit facilities, equity or debt financing. If additional financing beyond our existing cash flows from operations and credit facilities cannot fund such transactions, there is no assurance that such financing will be available on terms acceptable to us. Our ability to obtain any additional financing will depend on, among other things, our business plans, operating performance, the condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing, and short and long-term debt ratings assigned by independent rating agencies. Additionally, circumstances related to the COVID-19 global pandemic, inflation and rising interest rates has caused disruption in the capital markets, which could make financing more difficult and/or expensive, and we may not be able to obtain such financing. We may also dispose of businesses or assets, including individual films or libraries, and use the net proceeds from such dispositions to fund operations or such acquisitions, or to repay debt.
Material Cash Requirements from Known Contractual and Other Obligations. Our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations primarily relate to our corporate debt and film related and other obligations. The following table sets forth our significant contractual and other obligations as of March 31, 2022 and the estimated timing of payment:
Total Next 12 Months Beyond 12 Months
(Amounts in millions)
Future annual repayment of debt and other obligations recorded as of March 31, 2022 (on-balance sheet arrangements)
Corporate debt(1):
Revolving credit facility $ - $ - $ -
Term Loan A(1)
638.5 210.3 428.2
Term Loan B 844.2 12.5 831.7
5.500% Senior Notes 1,000.0 - 1,000.0
Film related and other obligations(2)
1,688.6 951.1 737.5
Operating lease obligations(3)
200.7 41.4 159.3
4,372.0 1,215.3 3,156.7
Contractual commitments by expected repayment date (off-balance sheet arrangements)
Film related obligations commitments(4)
793.2 510.9 282.3
Interest payments on corporate debt(5)
591.8 118.0 473.8
Other contractual obligations 387.9 147.5 240.4
1,772.9 776.4 996.5
Total future repayment of debt and other commitments under contractual obligations (6)
$ 6,144.9 $ 1,991.7 $ 4,153.2
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(1)See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our corporate debt. In April 2022, the Company voluntarily prepaid the entire outstanding principal amount of the 2023 Term Loan A of $193.6 million, together with accrued and unpaid interest (see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for subsequent events).
(2)Film related and other obligations include program rights and film obligations, production and related loans, and our IP Credit Facility, included on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements for further information. On April 1, 2022, the Company received $125.0 million under the IGR Facility, due beyond 12 months, not reflected in the amounts above (see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for subsequent events).
(3)See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements for further information on leases.
(4)Film related obligations commitments include distribution and marketing commitments, minimum guarantee commitments, program rights commitments, and production loan commitments not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as they did not then meet the criteria for recognition. See Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
(5)Includes cash interest payments on our corporate debt, excluding the interest payments on the revolving credit facility as future amounts are not fixed or determinable due to fluctuating balances and interest rates.
(6)Not included in the amounts above are $321.2 million of redeemable noncontrolling interest, as future amounts and timing are subject to a number of uncertainties such that we are unable to make sufficiently reliable estimations of future payments (see Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements).
We are obligated to pay programming fees for all qualifying films that are released theatrically in the U.S. by Sony’s Columbia Pictures, Screen Gems, Sony Pictures Classics and TriStar labels through 2021. We do not license films produced by Sony Pictures Animation. The programming fees to be paid by us to Sony are based on the quantity and domestic theatrical exhibition receipts of qualifying films. We also have an exclusive multiyear post pay-one output licensing agreement with Universal for live-action films theatrically released in the U.S. starting January 1, 2022. The Universal agreement provides us with rights to exhibit these films immediately following their pay-one windows. We are unable to estimate the amounts to be paid under the Universal agreement for films that have not yet been released in theaters, however, such amounts are expected to be significant.
In addition, as of March 31, 2022, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $70.2 million. We are unable to reasonably predict the ultimate amount or timing of settlement of our unrecognized tax benefits because, until formal resolutions are reached, reasonable estimates of the amount and timing of cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities are not practicable. However, we estimate the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease in the next twelve months by $79.9 million as a result of projected audit settlements in certain jurisdictions.
For additional details of commitments and contingencies, see Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements.
Covenants. The Senior Credit Facilities contain representations and warranties, events of default and affirmative and negative covenants that are customary for similar financings and which include, among other things and subject to certain significant exceptions, restrictions on the ability to declare or pay dividends, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, make investments, dispose of assets and merge or consolidate with any other person. In addition, a net first lien leverage maintenance covenant and an interest coverage ratio maintenance covenant apply to the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan A and are tested quarterly. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants.
The 5.500% Senior Notes contain certain restrictions and covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or repurchase the Company’s common shares, make certain loans or investments, and sell or otherwise dispose of certain assets subject to certain conditions, among other limitations. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants.
Share Repurchase Plan. On February 2, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized to increase our previously announced share repurchase plan from $300 million to $468 million. To date, approximately $288.1 million of our common shares have been purchased under the plan, leaving approximately $179.9 million of authorized potential repurchases. The remaining $179.9 million of our common shares authorized under the plan may be purchased from time to time at our discretion, including quantity, timing and price thereof, and will be subject to market conditions. Such purchases will be structured as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Company did not repurchase any common shares.
Dividends. The amount of dividends, if any, that we pay to our shareholders is determined by our Board of Directors, at its discretion, and is dependent on a number of factors, including our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, capital requirements and restrictions under our credit agreements, and shall be in compliance with applicable law. In November 2018, our Board of Directors suspended our quarterly cash dividend to focus on driving long-term shareholder value by investing in global growth opportunities for Starz, while also strengthening the Company's balance sheet.
Capacity to Pay Dividends. At March 31, 2022, the capacity to pay dividends under the Senior Credit Facilities and the Senior Notes significantly exceeded the amount of the Company's accumulated deficit or net loss, and therefore the Company's net loss of $205.4 million and accumulated deficit of $369.7 million were deemed free of restrictions from paying dividends at March 31, 2022.
Discussion of Operating, Investing, Financing Cash Flows
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash decreased by $142.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 and increased by $206.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, before foreign exchange effects on cash. Components of these changes are discussed below in more detail.
Operating Activities. Cash flows used in operating activities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
Year Ended March 31,
2022 2021 Net Change
(Amounts in millions)
Operating Activities:
Operating income $ 9.0 $ 170.6 $ (161.6)
Depreciation and amortization 177.9 188.5 (10.6)
Amortization of films and television programs and program rights 1,567.7 1,189.8 377.9
Non-cash share-based compensation 100.0 89.0 11.0
Gain on sale of Pantaya - (44.1) 44.1
Cash interest (125.5) (136.7) 11.2
Interest and other income and expense, net 19.9 (0.9) 20.8
Current income tax provision (30.1) (13.7) (16.4)
Other amortization 92.5 73.2 19.3
Cash flows from operations before changes in operating assets and liabilities 1,811.4 1,515.7 295.7
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net and other assets (256.9) 133.9 (390.8)
Investment in films and television programs and program rights (2,211.7) (1,616.7) (595.0)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 1.4 32.7 (31.3)
Other changes in operating assets and liabilities (5.1) (66.1) 61.0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (2,472.3) (1,516.2) (956.1)
Net Cash Flows Used In Operating Activities $ (660.9) $ (0.5) $ (660.4)
Cash flows used in operating activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 were $660.9 million compared to cash flows used in operating activities of $0.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The increase in cash used in operating activities is due to greater cash used from changes in operating assets and liabilities as shown above, partially offset by increased cash flows from operations before changes in operating assets and liabilities, which includes the receipt of $22.7 million from insurance recoveries on prior shareholder litigation reflected in the interest and other income and expense, net line item above. The greater use of cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities was driven by increased cash used for investment in films and television programs and program rights due to increased production activity in fiscal 2022 as compared to fiscal 2021, which was impacted by the pausing of productions associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic, and increases in accounts receivable, net and other assets. In addition, cash flows used in operating activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 included a net use of cash of approximately $151.4 million from the monetization of accounts receivables programs, as compared to a net benefit of approximately $46.4 million for the year ended March 31, 2021 (see Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements).
Investing Activities. Cash flows used in investing activities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
Year Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(Amounts in millions)
Investing Activities:
Proceeds from the sale of Pantaya $ 123.6 $ -
Proceeds from the sale of other investments 1.5 4.1
Investment in equity method investees and other (14.0) (0.2)
Distributions from equity method investees 7.2 -
Acquisition of assets (film library and related assets) (161.4) -
Increase in loans receivable (4.3) -
Capital expenditures (33.1) (35.0)
Net Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities $ (80.5) $ (31.1)
Cash flows used in investing activities of $80.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 compared to cash flows used in investing activities of $31.1 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, primarily due to cash used for the acquisition of a film library and related assets and investment in equity method investees and other as reflected above, offset by proceeds from the sale of Pantaya (see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements) during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
Financing Activities. Cash flows provided by financing activities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
Year Ended March 31,
2022 2021
(Amounts in millions)
Debt - borrowings, net of debt issuance and redemption costs $ 2,448.4 $ 200.0
Debt - repurchases and repayments (2,693.9) (267.6)
Net repayments and repurchases of debt (245.5) (67.6)
Production and related loans - borrowings, net of debt issuance costs 1,043.2 392.5
Production and related loans - repayments (256.1) (53.0)
Net proceeds from production and related loans 787.1 339.5
IP Credit Facility and other financing advances, net of debt issuance costs 210.2 -
IP Credit Facility and other financing repayments (91.5) -
Net proceeds from IP Credit Facility and other financing 118.7 -
Repurchase of common shares - (2.2)
Other financing activities (60.9) (31.8)
Net Cash Flows Provided By Financing Activities $ 599.4 $ 237.9
Cash flows provided by financing activities of $599.4 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 compared to cash flows provided by financing activities of $237.9 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021.
Cash flows provided by financing activities for fiscal 2022 primarily reflects net production and related loan borrowings of $787.1 million as production activity increased in fiscal 2022, and the net IP Credit Facility and other financing advances of $118.7 million, offset by net debt repayments and repurchases of $245.5 million (discussed below). In addition, other financing activities in fiscal 2022 includes $28.5 million for interest rate swap settlement payments due to an other-than-insignificant financing element on a portion of our interest rate swaps (see Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements), and $35.1 million for tax withholding required on equity awards. Net debt repayments and repurchases of $245.5 million in fiscal 2022 included the below transactions and associated debt issuance and redemption costs, along with required repayments on our term loans:
•On April 1, 2021, we redeemed in full all $518.7 million outstanding principal amount of our 5.875% Senior Notes and all $545.6 million outstanding principal amount of our 6.375% Senior Notes, and paid a prepayment premium of $15.2 million and $17.4 million on the 5.875% Senior Notes and 6.375% Senior Notes, respectively, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.
•On April 1, 2021, in connection with the redemption of the 5.875% Senior Notes and the 6.375% Senior Notes, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.500% Senior Notes.
•On April 6, 2021, we amended our Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity of a portion of our revolving credit commitments, amounting to $1.25 billion, and a portion of our outstanding term A loans, amounting to $444.9 million to April 6, 2026.
•During fiscal 2022, the Company also completed a series of repurchases of the Term Loan B and, in aggregate, paid $95.3 million to repurchase $96.0 million principal amount of the Term Loan B.
Cash flows provided by financing activities for fiscal 2021 primarily reflects net production and related loan borrowings of $339.5 million as production activity increased in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2021, and net debt repayments of $67.6 million. In addition, other financing activities in fiscal 2021 includes $22.3 million for interest rate swap settlement payments due to an other-than-insignificant financing element on a portion of our interest rate swaps (see Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements), $7.7 million for tax withholding required on equity awards, and cash used for the repurchase of common shares of $2.2 million.
Remaining Performance Obligations and Backlog
Remaining performance obligations represent deferred revenue on the balance sheet plus fixed fee or minimum guarantee contracts where the revenue will be recognized and the cash received in the future (i.e., backlog). As disclosed in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements, remaining performance obligations were $1.8 billion at March 31, 2022 (March 31, 2021 - $1.6 billion). The backlog portion of remaining performance obligations (excluding deferred revenue) related to our Motion Picture and Television Production segments was $1.3 billion at March 31, 2022 (March 31, 2021 - $1.2 billion), respectively.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Currency and Interest Rate Risk Management
Market risks relating to our operations result primarily from changes in interest rates and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our exposure to interest rate risk results from the financial debt instruments that arise from transactions entered into during the normal course of business. As part of our overall risk management program, we evaluate and manage our exposure to changes in interest rates and currency exchange risks on an ongoing basis. Hedges and derivative financial instruments will continue to be used in the future in order to manage our interest rate and currency exposure. We have no intention of entering into financial derivative contracts, other than to hedge a specific financial risk.
Currency Rate Risk. We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge our foreign currency exposures on future production expenses denominated in various foreign currencies. These contracts are entered into with major financial institutions as counterparties. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty, which is limited to the cost of replacing the contracts, at current market rates. We do not require collateral or other security to support these contracts. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our financial instruments.
Interest Rate Risk. At March 31, 2022, we had interest rate swap agreements to fix the interest rate on $1.7 billion of variable rate LIBOR-based debt. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. The difference between the fixed rate to be paid and the variable rate received under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements will be recognized as interest expense for the related debt. Changes in the variable interest rates to be paid or received pursuant to the terms of the interest rate swap agreements will have a corresponding effect on future cash flows.
Certain of our borrowings, primarily borrowings under our Senior Credit Facilities, certain production and related loans, our Production Tax Credit Facility and our IP Credit Facility, are, and are expected to continue to be, at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income would decrease. The applicable margin with respect to loans under the revolving credit facility and Term Loan A is a percentage per annum equal to a LIBOR rate plus 1.75%. The applicable margin with respect to loans under our Term Loan B is a percentage per annum equal to a LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. Assuming the revolving credit facility is drawn up to its maximum borrowing capacity of $1.25 billion, based on
the applicable LIBOR in effect as of March 31, 2022, each quarter point change in interest rates would result in a $2.6 million change in annual net interest expense on the revolving credit facility, Term Loan A, Term Loan B and interest rate swap agreements.
The variable interest individual production and related loans incur primarily LIBOR and SOFR-based interest at a weighted average rate of approximately 3.00%, including applicable margins ranging from 1.75% over a LIBOR rate to 3.00% over a LIBOR rate, or 1.75% over a SOFR rate to 3.25% over a SOFR rate, each depending on the respective LIBOR or SOFR term. A quarter point increase of the interest rates on the outstanding principal amount of our variable rate individual production and related loans would result in $3.1 million in additional costs capitalized to the respective film or television asset.
The applicable margin with respect to advances under the Production Tax Credit Facility is a percentage per annum equal to SOFR plus 0.10% to 0.25% depending on the SOFR term (i.e., one, three or six months) plus 1.50% per annum. Assuming the Production Tax Credit Facility is utilized up to its maximum capacity of $235.0 million, based on the applicable SOFR in effect as of March 31, 2022, each quarter point change in interest rates would result in a $0.6 million change in annual net interest expense on the Production Tax Credit Facility.
The applicable margin with respect to advances under the IP Credit Facility is a percentage per annum equal to a LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. Based on the applicable LIBOR in effect as of March 31, 2022, each quarter point change in interest rates on the outstanding amount under the IP Credit Facility would result in a $0.3 million change in annual net interest expense on the IP Credit Facility.
At March 31, 2022, our 5.500% Senior Notes had an outstanding carrying value of $965.8 million, and an estimated fair value of $962.5 million. A 1% increase in the level of interest rates would decrease the fair value of the 5.500% Senior Notes by approximately $52.9 million, and a 1% decrease in the level of interest rates would increase the fair value of the 5.500% Senior Notes by approximately $49.5 million.
The following table presents information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The table also presents the cash flows of the principal amounts of the financial instruments, or the cash flows associated with the notional amounts of interest rate derivative instruments, and related weighted-average interest rates by expected maturity or required principal payment dates and the fair value of the instrument as of March 31, 2022:
Year Ended March 31, Fair Value
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total March 31,
(Amounts in millions)
Variable Rates(1):
Revolving Credit Facility(2)
$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Average Interest Rate - - - - - -
Term Loan A(2)(3)
210.3 28.9 41.1 44.5 313.7 - 638.5 625.7
Average Interest Rate 2.20 % 2.20 % 2.20 % 2.20 % 2.20 % -
Term Loan B(2)
12.5 12.5 819.2 - - - 844.2 828.3
Average Interest Rate 2.70 % 2.70 % 2.70 % - - -
Production and related loans(4)
732.9 190.1 363.7 - - - 1,286.7 1,286.7
Average Interest Rate 3.16 % 2.53 % 1.28 % - - -
IP Credit Facility(5)
27.1 25.4 26.3 26.3 18.4 - 123.5 123.5
Average Interest Rate 2.70 % 2.70 % 2.70 % 2.70 % 2.70 % -
Fixed Rates:
5.500% Senior Notes - - - - - 1,000.0 1,000.0 962.5
Average Interest Rate - - - - - 5.50 %
Interest Rate Swaps(6)
Variable to fixed notional amount - - 300.0 - 500.0 900.0 1,700.0 (25.8)
____________________
(1)On April 1, 2022, the Company received $125.0 million under the IGR Facility, not reflected in the amounts above (see Note 8 and Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for further information).
(2)The effective interest rate in the table above is before the impact of interest rate swaps.
(3)In April 2022, the Company voluntarily prepaid the entire outstanding principal amount of the 2023 Term Loan A of $193.6 million, together with accrued and unpaid interest (see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements for subsequent events).
(4)Production and related loans include individual loans for the production of film and television programs that the Company produces or licenses and the Company's Production Tax Credit Facility. Production Tax Credit Facility amounts represent outstanding amounts under our Production Tax Credit Facility at March 31, 2022, and the repayment date represents the maturity date of the Production Tax Credit Facility (January 27, 2025), however net advances and payments under the Production Tax Credit Facility can fluctuate depending on the amount of collateral available.
(5)IP Credit Facility amounts represent outstanding amounts under our IP Credit Facility at March 31, 2022, and repayment dates are based on the projected future cash flows generated from the exploitation of the rights, subject to a minimum guaranteed payment amount, as applicable.
(6)Represents interest rate swap agreements on certain of our LIBOR-based floating-rate debt with fixed rates paid ranging from 1.840% to 2.915% with maturities beginning in March 2025 through March 2030. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The Auditors’ Report and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appear in a separate section of this report (beginning on page following Part IV). The index to our Consolidated Financial Statements is included in Item 15.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We periodically review the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting. We make modifications to improve the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and internal control structure, and may take other corrective action, if our reviews identify a need for such modifications or actions.
As of March 31, 2022, the end of the period covered by this report, the Company's management had carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2022.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that:
•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
•provide reasonable assurance that (a) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and (b) that our receipts and expenditures are being recorded and made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a materially effect on the financial statements.
A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management has made an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022. Management based its assessment on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework).
Based on this assessment, our management has concluded that, as of March 31, 2022, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting. The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Their report is included below.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal fourth quarter ended March 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Lions Gate Entertainment Corp.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Lions Gate Entertainment Corp.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 2022 consolidated financial statements and the related notes and schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated May 26, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Los Angeles, California
May 26, 2022

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a)The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1)Financial Statements
The financial statements listed on the accompanying Index to Financial Statements are filed as part of this report at pages to.
(2)Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other Schedules are omitted since the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule.
(3)and (b) Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed as part of this report.
Item 15(a).
Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Lions Gate Entertainment Corp.
March 31, 2022
(In Millions)
Additions
Description Balance at
Beginning of Period Charged to Costs
and Expenses(1)
Charged to Other
Accounts Deductions Balance at
End of Period
Year Ended March 31, 2022:
Reserves:
Returns and allowances $ 26.1 $ 44.4 $ - $ (51.2) (2)
$ 19.3
Provision for doubtful accounts $ 6.5 $ 5.3 $ - $ (0.3) (3)
$ 11.5
Deferred tax valuation allowance $ 350.9 $ 40.4 $ (28.5) (4)
$ - $ 362.8
Year Ended March 31, 2021:
Reserves:
Returns and allowances $ 33.7 $ 53.3 $ - $ (60.9) (2)
$ 26.1
Provision for doubtful accounts $ 9.3 $ (2.5) $ - $ (0.3) (3)
$ 6.5
Deferred tax valuation allowance $ 435.8 $ (56.3) $ (28.6) (4)
$ - $ 350.9
Year Ended March 31, 2020:
Reserves:
Returns and allowances $ 35.0 $ 81.2 $ - $ (82.5) (2)
$ 33.7
Provision for doubtful accounts $ 5.4 $ 5.7 $ - $ (1.8) (3)
$ 9.3
Deferred tax valuation allowance $ 401.1 $ 4.5 $ 30.2 (4)
$ - $ 435.8
____________________________
(1)Charges for returns and allowances are charges against revenue.
(2)Actual returns and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
(3)Uncollectible accounts written off and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
(4)Valuation allowance adjustments recorded in other comprehensive income and primarily associated with hedging activity.
Item 15(b).
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Incorporated by Reference
Form Exhibit Filing Date/
Period End Date
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 30, 2016, by and among Lions Gate, Starz, and Orion Arm Acquisition Inc.
8-K 2.1 7/1/2016
3.1 Articles
8-K 3.1 12/8/2016
3.2 Notice of Articles
10-K 3.2 5/28/2021
4.1 Indenture, dated as of April 1, 2021, by and among Lions Gate Capital Holdings, LLC the Guarantors named therein, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company, as Trustee
8-K 4.1 4/1/2021
4.2 Description of Class A voting shares, no par value per share
S-4 - 8/1/2016
4.3 Description of Class B non-voting shares, no par value per share
S-4 - 8/1/2016
10.1*x Director Compensation Summary
10.2 Form of Director Indemnity Agreement
10-Q 10.62 12/31/2008
10.3 Letter Agreement between Mark H. Rachesky and Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. dated July 9, 2009
8-K 10.65 7/10/2009
10.4 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2009, by and among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and the persons listed on the signature pages thereto
8-K 10.68 10/23/2009
10.5 Stock Exchange Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2015, by and between Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., LG Leopard Canada LP and the stockholders listed on Schedule 1 thereto
8-K 10.1 2/11/2015
10.6 Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2015, by and among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., Liberty Global plc, Discovery Communications, Inc., Liberty Global Incorporated Limited, Discovery Lightning Investments Ltd. and affiliates of MHR Fund Management, LLC
8-K 10.1 11/10/2015
10.6.1 Amendment No. 1 to Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2016, by and among Lions Gate, Mammoth, Liberty, Discovery, Liberty Global plc, Discovery Communications, Inc., and the affiliated funds of Mammoth party thereto
8-K 10.8 7/1/2016
10.7 Voting and Standstill Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2015, by and among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., Liberty Global plc, Discovery Communications, Inc., Liberty Global Incorporated Limited, Discovery Lightning Investments Ltd., Dr. John C. Malone and affiliates of MHR Fund Management, LLC
8-K 10.2 11/10/2015
10.7.1 Amendment to Voting and Standstill Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2016, by and among Lions Gate, Liberty Global plc, Discovery, Dr. John C. Malone, MHR Fund Management, LLC, Liberty, Discovery Communications, Inc. and the Mammoth Funds (as defined therein)
8-K 10.7 7/1/2016
10.8 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2015, by and among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and Liberty Global Incorporated Limited
8-K 10.3 11/10/2015
10.9 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2015, by and among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and Discovery Lightning Investments Ltd.
8-K 10.4 11/10/2015
10.10 Amendment No. 1, dated as of February 3, 2016, to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2009, by and among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and the persons listed on the signatures pages thereto
10-Q 10.116 2/4/2016
10.11 Stock Exchange Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2016, by and among Lions Gate, Orion Arm Acquisition Inc., and the stockholders listed on Schedule 1 thereto
8-K 10.1 7/1/2016
10.12 Credit and Guarantee Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2016, among Lions Gate, as borrower, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders referred to therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent
8-K 10.1 12/8/2016
10.12.1 Amendment No. 1, dated as of December 11, 2017, to the Credit and Guarantee Agreement dated as of December 8, 2016, among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., as borrower, each guarantor party thereto, each lender party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto
8-K 10.1 12/11/2017
Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Incorporated by Reference
Form Exhibit Filing Date/
Period End Date
10.12.2 Amendment No. 2, dated as of March 22, 2018, to the Credit and Guarantee Agreement dated as of December 8, 2016, among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., as borrower, each guarantor party thereto, each lender party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto (as previously amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 dated as of December 11, 2017).
8-K 10.1 3/22/2018
10.12.3 Amendment No. 3 dated as of March 11, 2019, to the Credit and Guarantee Agreement dated as of December 8, 2016, as amended and restated as of March 22, 2018 (as further amended, supplemented, amended and restated or otherwise modified from time to time) among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., Lions Gate Capital Holdings LLC, as borrower, each guarantor party thereto, each lender party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto.
10-K 10.34 5/23/2019
10.12.4 Amendment No. 4, dated as of April 6, 2021, to the Credit and Guarantee Agreement dated as of December 8, 2016, among Lions Gate Entertainment Corp., as borrower, each guarantor party thereto, each lender party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto.
8-K 10.1 4/6/2021
10.13* Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. 2019 Performance Incentive Plan.
8-K 10.1 9/15/2021
10.13.1* Form of Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement
10-Q 10.39 11/7/2019
10.13.2* Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement
10-Q 10.40 11/7/2019
10.13.3* Form of Share Appreciation Rights Award Agreement
10-Q 10.41 11/7/2019
10.14* Deferred Compensation Plan
10-Q 10.41 2/4/2021
10.15* Employment Agreement between Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and Brian Goldsmith dated as of October 1, 2018
10-Q 10.39 12/31/2018
10.15.1* Amendment to Employment Agreement between Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and Brian Goldsmith dated June 22, 2020
10-Q 10.36 8/6/2020
10.16* Employment Agreement between Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and Corii D. Berg dated as of May 16, 2018
10-Q 10.36 8/8/2019
10.16.1* Employment Agreement between Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and Corii D. Berg dated as of May 15, 2020
10-Q 10.37 8/6/2020
10.17* Employment Agreement between Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and James W. Barge dated November 1, 2019
10-Q 10.38 11/7/2019
10.17.1* Amendment to Employment Agreement between Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. and James W. Barge dated June 22, 2020
10-Q 10.35 8/6/2020
10.18* Employment Agreement among Jon Feltheimer and Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. dated as of August 21, 2020
8-K 10.1 8/26/2020
10.19* Employment Agreement among Michael Burns and Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. dated as of December 18, 2020
8-K 10.1 12/21/2020
Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Incorporated by Reference
Form Exhibit Filing Date/
Period End Date
21.1x Subsidiaries of the Company
23.1x Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
24.1x Power of Attorney (Contained on Signature Page)
31.1x Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2x Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1xx Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101x The following financial statements from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022 , formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104x The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022 (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
_____________________________
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
x Filed herewith
xx Furnished herewith and not deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing