EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1712463
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1712463_10-K_2021_0001564590-21-010742.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Our Business
Ranpak is a leading provider of environmentally sustainable, systems-based, product protection solutions and end-of-line automation solutions for e-commerce and industrial supply chains. Since its inception in 1972, Ranpak has delivered high quality protective packaging solutions, while maintaining its commitment to environmental sustainability. We differentiate ourselves by our:
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Distinct Business Model. Our paper-based protective packaging business utilizes a razor/razor-blade model designed to generate attractive margins that are recurring in nature through the sale of our value-added paper consumables for use exclusively in our installed base of protective packaging systems. Our business is global, with a strong presence in the U.S. and Europe along with an expanding footprint in Asia, serving end-users in approximately 50 countries across 6 continents. End-users rely on our paper consumables for use exclusively with our installed base of systems.
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Environmentally Sustainable Product Portfolio. Through our proprietary protective packaging systems and value-added kraft paper consumables, we offer a reliable, fast, and effective suite of protective packaging solutions. Our paper packaging consumables are fiber-based, biodegradable, renewable, and curb-side recyclable to customers. Our paper packaging materials contain little or no plastic or other resin-based inputs. Additionally, a majority of our paper packaging materials are manufactured from entirely or partially recycled content and all are sourced from suppliers that are Sustainable Forestry Initiative (“SFI”) and/or Forest Stewardship Council (“FSC”) certified. We believe that preference for environmentally sustainable packaging solutions will be a key driver of growth moving forward, particularly to the extent plastics and other resin-based solutions come under increasing public scrutiny.
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Attractive Financial Profile. We historically have benefited from consistently strong growth in net revenue and our installed base, net revenue that is recurring in nature, attractive profit margins, and substantial free cash flow conversion. We have modest working capital requirements, which also contributes to our ability to generate strong free cash flow and further invest in the business by expanding our fleet of installed systems. Our capital expenditures per protective system and each system’s long protective useful life result in attractive payback periods and returns on invested capital. Our sales are geographically diverse, with 42.7% of our 2020 net revenue generated from end-users in North America, 47.0% generated from end-users in Europe, and 10.3% generated from end-users in Asia and other locations.
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Diversified End-User Base. Through our extensive distributor network and select direct sales, we have over 117,400 installed systems serving over 33,000 end-users across diversified and growing end-user markets, as of December 31, 2020. We have a full suite of paper-based protective packaging solutions to meet the needs of a variety of end-users, from small businesses to global corporations. These end-users include leading e-Commerce companies, as well as suppliers and sellers of automotive after-market parts, information technology (“IT”)/electronics, machinery, home goods, industrial, warehousing/transport services, healthcare, and other products.
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Well Established, Long-Term Distributor Relationships. We have arrangements with over 250 distributors globally, which enable us to reach thousands of small and medium-sized end-users while maintaining an asset-light capital base and a lean sales force. We have long-term, established relationships with our distributors, as demonstrated by an average relationship of greater than 20 years with our top ten global distributors. The continuity of these relationships evidences the strength of our business model, as well as the value proposition we provide for our distributors and end-users. Furthermore, the depth and longevity of these relationships have created a distributor network that is highly knowledgeable and well versed in conveying the benefits of our systems to new and existing end-users. Moreover, substantially all of our net revenue from distributors is generated by those who have agreed to sell our products exclusively and not to sell or promote our competitors’ paper-based solutions.
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Reputation as a Reliable Leader in Comprehensive Fiber-Based Solutions. We believe our protective packaging systems are known for their reliability, speed, and total cost effectiveness. We work hand-in-hand with our distributors or, on a selective basis, directly with some end-users to ensure that end-users obtain a solution that meets their specific needs, whether that be a single unit for a low volume end-user or a highly-customized base of hundreds of units across multiple facilities for a high-volume end-user. Furthermore, through our distributors, we strive to ensure that our end-users are consistently supplied with our paper consumables on-time and that their protective packaging systems are running with minimal downtime. Most importantly, we, either directly or with our distributors, work with end-users to examine their end-of-line operations to maximize throughput, minimize cost and reduce breakage.
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Unique Approach to Automation. We provide end-of-line automation systems that solve two distinct challenges facing end-users of our products:
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Customization to place the right amount of voidfill, wrapping or cushioning in the box to reduce the total cost of ownership by reducing labor and paper costs; and
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We also provide several automated box-sizing solutions and corrugated case erectors to tailor the corrugated box to the highest product to reduce voidfill needs and optimize logistics with smaller boxes.
These solutions offer numerous benefits including the reduction of shipping costs, waste, and labor, resulting in improved efficiency.
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Multiple Drivers of Growth. We believe that our business benefits from multiple factors that will drive our future growth:
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Growth of E-commerce. E-commerce is a significant growth driver in our business. Approximately 34.9% of our net revenue is derived from sales to e-commerce end-users, and the overall e-commerce market demonstrated compound annual growth in the high teens from 2015 to 2019. We believe that continued global growth in e-commerce provides a significant tailwind for us. We also believe that e-commerce activity will remain at high levels following the growth experienced during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Focus on Sustainability. Additionally, we believe both our end-users and consumers, generally, are demonstrating an increasing preference for environmentally sustainable solutions. We believe that these increasing preferences in
favor of environmental sustainability will also be a significant driver of our continued growth. We believe our investments into paper innovations help close the price gap for sustainable solutions, an important tailwind for continued growth.
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Demand for Automated Solutions. Our Ranpak Automation product line provides significant improvements to end-of-line packaging speed and lower labor costs for many high-volume businesses. As businesses become more sophisticated, we believe many will look for ways to improve production efficiencies driving further demand for automated solutions.
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Expansion into Retail Channel. We believe the retail channel provides a great opportunity for our existing Wrapping product line, as well as the potential to sell environmentally friendly packaging alternatives directly to consumers.
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Continued Product Development and Innovation. We believe our ability to consistently innovate and introduce new products will provide us with additional growth opportunities.
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Geographic Expansion. Historically, geographic expansion has fueled our growth, and we believe further geographic expansion will continue to drive our future growth.
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Keen Focus on Innovation. We believe we are a leading innovator in packaging material, packaging systems and manufacturing technologies. Our solutions deliver automation, productivity and sustainability enhancements to our end-users’ operations. Through our robust research and development (“R&D”) pipeline, we plan to continue to improve our value proposition by rolling-out next generation products to improve performance and efficiency as well as expanding product lines adapted to continuously evolving consumer and business preferences. In 2020, we launched an enhanced model of our FillPak Trident™ solution in our Void-Fill products. Further, we launched a new Cushioning product, PadPak® Guardian™, in North America. We work to respond to customer needs and develop innovative products and solutions that improve supply chain performance, reduce costs and environmental impact, and deliver value.
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Intellectual Property. We have a long history of continuous systems innovation and product development supported by our comprehensive patent portfolio. We have maintained an extensive patenting program since our inception for our protective packaging systems and accessories, processes and paper packaging materials. We maintain substantial trade secret knowledge regarding the utilization of our paper consumables in each model of our protective packaging systems product lines, which, together with the distributor contractual arrangements described above, prevent third-party paper from being used on our protective packaging systems. We hold over 645 U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications directed to various innovations related to our business, as well as more than 180 U.S. and foreign trademark registrations and trademark applications that protect our branding.
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Focus on Talent and Leadership: We have assembled a strong international team of talented, motivated inclusive and diverse employees to maintain our leadership in the industry, drive our growth and to achieve our strategic objectives. We have implemented a focused talent acquisition and development strategy to ensure our teams continue to have the right skills to execute our strategy on a global basis. We are committed to adding exceptional talent to Ranpak and have hired strong personnel in our finance, accounting, sales, and marketing groups throughout 2020.
Our Product Lines
Our protective packaging systems are designed to be flexible and responsive to the needs of our end-users. The flexibility and breadth of our full range of systems allows us to provide our end-users with the optimal protective solution to meet their specific needs. These protective packaging solutions, which include the accompanying paper consumables, fall into four broad categories:
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Void-Fill. Our Void-Fill protective systems quickly and efficiently convert paper to fill empty spaces in secondary packages and protect objects, reducing object movement during shipping and potential damage sustained in transit. Our Void-Fill products accounted for 41.9% of our net revenue in 2020.
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Cushioning. Our Cushioning protective systems convert paper into cushioning pads by crimping paper to trap air between the layers so that objects are protected from external shocks and vibrations during shipping as well as to prevent movement of objects as they travel through the global supply chain. Our Cushioning products accounted for 42.2% of our net revenue in 2020.
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Wrapping. Our Wrapping protective systems create pads or paper mesh to securely wrap and protect fragile items from shock and surface damage sustained during the shipping and handling process. In addition to securely wrapping and protecting fragile items, our Wrapping systems are used to line boxes and provide separation when shipping multiple objects. Some of our Wrapping systems may also be used to provide insulation for goods that require temperatures to be controlled during transport. Our Wrapping products accounted for 13.0% of our net revenue in 2020.
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Automation. Our Ranpak Automation product line is focused on highly automated, integrated systems for high-volume end-users. These systems are designed to help optimize the use of in-the-box packaging for these end-users, while fully
automating their end-of-line packaging operations to improve speed and efficiency of operations. Our Ranpak Automation line enables end-users to optimize carton size to fit contents, apply glued lids to the box, and automatically place cushioning liners within boxes. Additionally, we also offer automated systems that can be used with our paper converters, which are able to identify contents of a shipment and optimize the dunnage required to safely protect items being shipped, reducing potential waste and improving protection for items being shipped. Our Automation products accounted for 2.9% of our net revenue in 2020.
Moreover, unlike many competitive products (e.g., foam, air pillows, bubble wrap, loose fill, etc.), our paper packaging materials are fiber-based, renewable and environmentally sustainable. Our paper consumables do not include plastic or other resin-based components. Instead, they are paper-based and biodegradable, renewable, and curb-side recyclable. Additionally, all of our paper consumables sold to end-users are created from entirely or partially recycled content and the vast majority are sourced from suppliers that are SFI and/or FSC certified. Finally, our consumables ship in bulk which is efficient for customers in shipping and require less storage space than many competing products.
Our Distribution Model
We sell our paper consumable products to an established network of approximately 250 distributors worldwide who, in turn, store, market and sell our products to end-users. Moreover, substantially all of our net revenue from distributors is generated by those who have agreed to exclusivity with our products and not to sell or promote competitors’ paper-based solutions. Our sales and marketing teams, as well as our highly skilled engineers, work closely with distributors and ultimate end-users, on-site or remotely, to optimize the custom configuration and installation of our protective packaging systems at the end-user’s facility. Sales through our global distributor network accounted for 85.5% of our net revenue in 2020.
In addition, we sell our products directly to certain select end-users. In some cases, these end-users operate some of the largest, most complex and sophisticated warehouse operations into which our protective packaging systems are integrated. Our engineering and other teams also assist our direct-sale end-users in ensuring the optimal customized installation of our products at their facilities. Direct sales to end-users accounted for 14.5% of our net revenue in 2020.
Through our distributor network and our direct sales, we serve greater than 33,000 end-users including participants in e-commerce, the auto after-market, electronics, machinery, home goods, industrial, warehousing/transport services, healthcare, and other markets. Our universe of end-users is diverse, with greater than 80.0% of distributor-serviced end-users generating less than $10,000 in net revenue in 2020.
Our Performance
In 2020, we generated net revenue of $298.2 million and $11.7 million of income from operations. Our revenues are geographically diverse, with 42.7% of our 2020 net revenue generated from end-users in North America, 47.0% generated from end-users in Europe, and 10.3% generated from end-users in Asia and other locations. In addition, approximately 61.0% of our net revenue in 2020 was generated from outside the United States.
We also believe, based on our performance during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its macroeconomic impact, as well as the global financial crisis from 2007 to 2010, that our business is relatively resilient to economic recessions due in part to the nature of our input costs, including paper, and our ability to adjust our operations. During the global financial crisis, declining paper costs and a reduction in our growth capital expenditures enabled us to protect profit margins and grow free cash flow despite reduced sales volume. So far, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the world economy’s growing emphasis on e-commerce and we have experienced growth in revenues and EBITDA.
Our Strategy
Our strategy for adding to our customer base includes investing in innovation, our sales force and distributor relationships across all end markets as well as expanding geographically. Beyond our leading position in paper-based Void-Fill and Cushioning protective packaging systems, we expect to also focus on other emerging applications, such as Wrapping, Automation, Cold Chain, and retail consumables, for continued growth. While still relatively small, representing 13.0% of our net revenue in 2020, our Wrapping product line expanded in 2014 through the acquisition of Geami, which provides a highly effective and environmentally friendly alternative to plastic bubble wrap, as well as an opportunity to expand our distribution channels into the retail and retail shipping segments. Although our initiative to expand into the retail channel has been delayed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we expect to have the opportunity to increase our product line in the future to include environmentally friendly packaging materials directly for sale to customers. Our Automation solution represented only 2.9% of our net revenue in 2020, however, following its development through acquisitions and organic growth to date, we believe it will serve as a platform for expansion to better serve end-users with higher volume requirements and more sophisticated end-of-line needs. Moreover, we seek to increase our penetration with existing customers
and broaden our customer base to include business segments that we have not historically served. We will also continue to identify additional product and service opportunities for our current and future end-user markets.
As the world economy works to recover from the impact of COVID-19, we look to solidify our gains in e-commerce and Void-Fill products, as well as be an integral partner in facilitating the industrial sectors return to normal operations. We believe these factors contribute to the significant tailwinds for our growth expansion.
We are pursuing this strategy of expanding our customer base in several ways. We have a global sales organization that works hand-in-hand with the sales representatives of our approximately 250 distributors to introduce all of our products and services to potential accounts in all end markets. Our full range of products allows our organization to serve any type of business with protective packaging needs. We will also seek to broaden our customer base through geographic expansion by enhancing our regional capabilities in sales and marketing and expanding sales of our existing product lines in growth regions, such as Asia-Pacific, South America, and Central and Eastern Europe.
We seek to enhance our position as a leading global provider of innovative sustainable packaging solutions that our customers rely on to improve performance, cost competitiveness and automation to enhance productivity within their operations. In order to achieve these goals, we are focused on the following strategic priorities.
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Grow organically. We will continue to focus on offering innovative solutions that enable our end-users to meet their sustainability needs while growing their business, reducing their costs and mitigating the risks associated with ineffective and/or unreliable end-of-line systems. We will also continue to provide distributors with the tools to win new accounts through training programs such as our Ranpak Academy and collaboration with our sales and engineering teams. We plan on leveraging our position as a trusted provider of sustainable packaging solutions to leading e-commerce end-users and industrial business to business end-users and further align ourselves with these market leaders as they expand to new locations and geographies, as well as continue to serve small, high growth platforms. We also believe there are significant opportunities to increase penetration across end markets. We aim to grow beyond our current core applications (primarily Void-Fill and Cushioning) by expanding our existing Wrapping, Automation and retail consumable offerings into new end-markets. Finally, we believe our fiber-based wrapping systems offer a cost-competitive, environmentally friendly, and compelling alternative to plastic-based wrap and we expect them to gain share as the focus on environmental sustainability becomes increasingly ingrained in commerce.
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Drive innovation. We intend to maintain and extend our technological leadership, expertise and our environmentally sustainable value proposition through continuous improvement of our product and service offerings to bolster speed, improve efficacy, and decrease packing footprint, as well as by introducing new products that deliver the environmentally friendly solutions customers require for their business needs. In 2020, we launched an enhanced model of our FillPak Trident™ solution in our Void-Fill products. Further, we launched a new Cushioning product, PadPak® Guardian™, in North America.
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Pursue targeted growth opportunities. We have identified a number of potential growth opportunities, including market expansion for existing products, such as Wrapping, as well as in additional areas of focus, such as cold chain/thermal packaging, sales through the retail channel, and automation. We intend to further build out our regional capabilities and combine our local market knowledge in new or currently under-served geographies with our broad portfolio and strengths in innovation and customer service to take advantage of the burgeoning growth opportunities across the globe. For example, the Asia-Pacific region has a large, well-developed parcel shipping business, but currently represents only 10.3% of our net revenue in 2020. We believe that growing environmental awareness world-wide, combined with an increasing regulatory trend to limit the use of polymer-based foams and plastic films in many jurisdictions, present an opportunity for our paper-based protective packaging solutions in an ever-expanding number of geographies.
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Grow via partnerships and acquisitions. We believe that we are well-positioned to execute a growth strategy, targeting acquisitions or partnerships in our key areas of focus and adjacent business lines. We will continue to focus on growing the company through appropriate business acquisition opportunities as well as developing partnerships to expand the scope of our technologies, geographic presence and product offerings. We expect to focus on identifying opportunities and executing an accretive merger and acquisition (“M&A”) strategy to further solidify our position as a leader in environmentally sustainable solutions by enhancing growth in our key areas of focus and/or acquiring adjacent businesses to our product offering.
Our Products and Services
Our Business Model
We have a full suite of paper-based protective packaging solutions for end-users. These solutions are designed to ensure that our end-users’ products reach their shipping destination in a cost-effective manner with minimal breakage. Our protective packaging solutions fall into four broad categories: Void-Fill, Cushioning, Wrapping, and Automation.
We employ a “razor/razor-blade” business model with respect to the sale of our Void-Fill, Cushioning, and Wrapping solutions. Under this model, we provide our proprietary protective packaging systems to our distributors for a nominal user fee, charged on a per-unit basis. We also provide our systems directly to certain select end-users. We derive substantially all of our net revenue (over 90% in each period presented) through the sale of high-margin paper consumables that work exclusively with our protective systems. Our paper consumables are converted from raw paper through our paper conversion processes, using paper sourced and subsequently converted to our specifications as to a number of factors, including basis weight, tensile strength, directional strength, and moisture content. As our protective systems are designed to use paper consumables that meet these exacting requirements, any end-user that attempted to use another supplier’s paper on our protective systems would encounter substantial negative consequences, such as significant jamming, ineffective yield, and/or other performance deficiencies. We sell these paper consumables under the Void-Fill, Wrapping and Cushioning product lines. We also derive net revenue from user fees, charged on a per unit basis, with respect to those product lines, and from the sale of products under our Automation product line.
We retain ownership of most of our Void-Fill, Cushioning and Wrapping protective systems (other than, e.g., certain disposable Wrapping systems and FillPak® Manual). This model allows distributors and end-users access to our proprietary systems at little or no capital expense and enables us or our distributors to reclaim un- or under-utilized units for refurbishment and redeployment, which benefits us, our distributors and our end-users through increased efficiency and cost savings. As of December 31, 2020, we had an installed base of approximately 117,400 protective packaging systems.
Each protective system offered under our Void-Fill, Cushioning and Wrapping product lines is distinguished by its level of automation, the speed at which it dispenses paper consumables, the type and form of paper it consumes, and the type of protective paper or pad it produces. We believe we offer the widest variety of paper-based protective packaging systems in the industry. In contrast to some more limited product offerings of our competitors, we have numerous Void-Fill, Cushioning and Wrapping systems, and extensive options to create custom variations.
We convert the vast majority of raw paper at four U.S. and two European production facilities to create rolls and bundles of paper that integrate with our protective packaging systems and into direct or consumable products. Our systems predominantly use kraft paper of varying weights, sizes and configurations. In 2020, 53.8% of our raw paper supply consisted of 100% recycled sheet, 42.2% consisted of 100% virgin sheet, and 4.0% consisted of a blended sheet incorporating both virgin and recycled fiber. We believe we offer the widest variety of bundle, roll sizes and formats in the industry.
For the vast majority of end-users, we work with our distributors to place our protective packaging systems at end-user sites. We sell bundles and rolls to our distributors who, in turn, sell bundles and rolls to end-users for use with our protective packaging systems. In select cases, we place systems with and sell paper directly to end-users.
For each unit, we set targets for minimum annual paper consumption in order to justify the capital deployed to that account. Accordingly, our sales team, in conjunction with our distributors, help our end-users select which unit or units meet their specific needs, based on their own volume requirements and business objectives.
In addition, we have a customized Automation suite of products, which we market under the Ranpak Automation brand, that provides higher volume customers with a highly automated box sizing system, accurate dispensing, labor-free packing, and optimization consulting services. Ranpak Automation customer’s purchase directly from us the automated box-sizing machines and equipment they need to optimize their end-of-line capabilities. Often, with respect to our Automation product line, we do not retain ownership of the machines, nor do we customarily have maintenance or support obligations beyond an initial warranty period. However, the automation market is rapidly evolving and we have expanded Automation services to offer extended service within and beyond the initial warranty period, packaging line design solutions, as well as the sale of spare parts. We see this as a potential growth position as the Automation installed base expands. To service this growth potential, Ranpak Automation opened a dedicated facility in 2020 where our equipment is manufactured and assembled in-house.
Void-Fill
We sell our Void-Fill products under the brand name FillPak®. We offer a variety of FillPak® units, each of which is designed to convert paper to fill empty spaces in secondary packages and limit object movement during the shipping process. We introduced our
FillPak® family of products in 2003 to provide an environmentally friendly solution to the growing void-fill market that arose with the explosion of e-commerce. We believe our FillPak® systems are known in the marketplace for their efficacy, speed, efficiency and reliability.
We have an installed base of approximately 68,000 FillPak® units as of December 31, 2020. In 2020, our FillPak® products generated $125.0 million in net revenue, which accounted for 41.9% of our net revenue.
The primary competitors to our Void-Fill product line are plastic air pillows and foam peanuts or loose fill. We believe our Void-Fill product line is superior to each of these competitors for a number of reasons. First, the packaging material is sustainable and environmentally friendly. Our Void-Fill paper packaging material is paper-based, renewable, biodegradable and curb-side recyclable for end consumers. Second, unlike air pillows, our packaging product can more easily fit into void spaces within smaller shipping boxes due to the inherent flexibility of paper. Third, when air pillows are punctured from pressure damages, they lose 100% of their protective packaging properties, whereas paper packaging retains protective properties even when subject to substantial pressure. Fourth, our products provide a better box opening experience, which is important to many e-commerce retailers.
Cushioning
We sell our Cushioning products under the brand name “PadPak®.” We offer a variety of PadPak® units, each of which provide protection for fragile objects from shocks and vibrations experienced during the shipping process. These proprietary systems convert paper into cushioning pads by crimping the paper to trap air between the layers and/or winding paper into dense discs for use in cushioning particularly heavy objects for shipping. Our PadPak® family of products was the original product offering from when our company was founded in 1972. We believe our PadPak® systems are known in the marketplace for their high level of breakage protection, low in-the-box cost, high-speed throughput and operational reliability.
We have an installed base of approximately 34,000 PadPak® units as of December 31, 2020. In 2020, our PadPak® products generated $125.7 million in net revenue, which accounted for 42.2% of our net revenue.
The primary competitors to our Cushioning product line are foam-in-place, plastic bubble on demand and other competing paper systems. We believe our PadPak® products are superior to these products for a number of reasons. First, our PadPak® product line is more environmentally friendly than foam and plastic bubble wrap, as the paper packaging material is entirely paper-based, biodegradable and curb-side recyclable for end consumers, whereas foam products are chemical- and petroleum-based. As a result, foams are not biodegradable and, in production, foam-in-place can release harmful byproducts. Also, foam-in-place, EPE/EPS foams and plastic bubble wrap are of limited recyclability. Second, we believe our PadPak® cushioning solutions absorb shocks and maintain their shape better than other packaging media, such as plastic bubble wrap, which is not well-suited for sharp or heavy products and can transmit shock to lighter weight products. Third, within an end-user’s facility, we believe our PadPak® systems require less physical space and less maintenance and are easier to handle than the toxic elements required by packaging systems like polymer-based foam-in-place. Moreover, our PadPak® systems can be deployed in greater number of configurations, at a higher level of automation, and require less facility space for material storage than bubble wrap applications, and safe storage versus hazardous chemicals like foam-in-place chemicals.
Wrapping
We sell our Wrapping products under the brand names WrapPak®, Geami®, and “ReadyRoll.” We manufacture a variety of WrapPak® and Geami® converter units. Our WrapPak® protective packaging systems crimp kraft paper into flat pads that, we believe, are highly effective in wrapping, interleaving, box-lining and cold chain applications.
Our Geami® product line is a high-end wrapping system that combines tissue paper and kraft paper which is dispensed simultaneously by Geami® converting machines. The kraft paper is die-cut at our production facilities using a proprietary process, so that when it is dispensed on-site by an end-user the paper expands into a two-dimensional ridged honeycomb. The tissue paper provides surface protection for the wrapped item and separates layers of the honeycomb to maximize its cushioning properties. The resulting Geami construction is ideal for securely wrapping household goods and other fragile items.
We have an installed base of approximately 16,000 WrapPak® units, which were predominantly Geami® converter units, as of December 31, 2020. In 2020, Wrapping products generated $38.8 million in net revenue, which accounted for 13.0% of our net revenue. Geami® net revenue includes sale of tissue rolls in addition to kraft paper.
We offer both motorized Geami® dispensing systems and manual systems, where the operator simply pulls the paired sheets against tension to expand the die-cut kraft paper. We also offer the Geami® combination of die-cut and tissue in a disposable cardboard dispenser as well as in a Geami®-based offering to be sold directly to consumers without a dispenser in retail stores under the brand
name “Ranpak ReadyRoll.” We do not set minimum annual paper consumption targets for the disposable units, as the full production cost and margin associated with the dispenser is covered with each sale.
The primary competitor to our Wrapping product lines is plastic bubble wrap. We believe our Wrapping products are superior to plastic bubble wrap for a number of reasons. First, we believe our Wrapping products are more environmentally friendly, as the paper packaging material is paper-based, curb-side recyclable and biodegradable, whereas plastic film-based wrapping products, like plastic bubble wrap, are often difficult for consumers to recycle if they are recyclable at all. Second, we believe our Wrapping solutions absorb shocks and maintain their shape better than bubble wrap, which is not well-suited for sharp or heavy products and can transmit shock to lighter weight products. Third, our Wrapping systems can be deployed in greater number of configurations, at a higher level of automation, and require less facility space for material storage than bubble wrap applications. Finally, we believe that Geami® and Ranpak ReadyRoll provide a much more elegant unboxing experience for our end-users’ customers, particularly when compared to that of plastic bubble wrap.
Automation
We sell a highly customized Automation solution under the brand name “Ranpak Automation.” Our Ranpak Automation product line is focused on designing, manufacturing, and selling highly automated, turn-key integrated box-sizing systems to high-volume end-users. We are in the process of expanding Ranpak Automation’s offering to grow the ongoing spare parts design and service business. The systems are designed to help minimize the use of in-the-box packaging for these end-users while fully automating their end-of-line operations. We acquired our Ranpak Automation product line through our acquisition of Neopack Solutions S.A.S. in 2017 (“e3neo”).
Our highly automated Ranpak Automation systems integrate devices that determine the optimal box height for the items to be shipped with a mechanism that automatically sizes the height of the box to fit the item. These systems are designed to give end-users the flexibility to make various box heights along a single production line. Moreover, our Automation systems consist of linked modular units that can easily be expanded with additional modules to meet an end-user’s changing needs.
In 2020, Ranpak Automation generated $8.7 million in net revenue, which accounted for 2.9% of our net revenue.
Unlike our Void-Fill, Cushioning and Wrapping systems, we currently design and sell our Automation systems outright to our customers, and derive net revenue from our Automation products by designing, manufacturing, installing and servicing Automation systems at end-user facilities. Accordingly, our current business model for our Automation product line involves the direct or indirect sale of highly customized systems, designed on the basis of our consultancy and product engineering expertise.
We believe the growing operational, through-put requirements and a tight labor market experienced by medium- and large-scale e-commerce retailers will increase the demand for highly automated end-of-line systems. Accordingly, we expect our Automation business model and product offerings, as well as those of our competitors, to evolve rapidly within the next several years as the market continues to develop and we address the growing needs of our end-users.
We believe our Automation product line is superior to its competition for a number of reasons. First, in our view, our Automation systems can typically operate at a higher speed than comparable products, resulting in a higher through-put for end-users. Second, our Automation systems typically require less floor space for installation and operation in an end-user’s facility. Third, we believe our Automation systems provide end-users with greater flexibility than our competitors’ products, in terms of the high level of customization and the ease of expansion through the addition of new modules. Finally, we believe that we provide customers with a comprehensive and optimal end-of-line automated packaging solution, rather than just selling a product.
Industry
Although the macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 are not yet fully known, our relevant addressable market of the broader global protective packaging industry is an estimated $8.8 billion in 2021 and growing. The global protective packaging industry is fragmented and competitive with market leaders accounting for a relatively small share of the market. This fragmentation is due primarily to the variety of product types and the myriad of applications in which they are used around the world.
Protective packaging is used to store and protect goods during shipping and handling from shock, vibration, abrasion and other damages. It is mainly used to fill the empty space between the product/merchandise and exterior carton or container (often referred to as dunnage), or to protect goods during shipment. As a general matter, the value of the goods being shipped, as well as the potential cost of breakage, far outweigh the cost of in-the-box protective packaging, which drives the demand for effective protective packaging solutions like ours. Protective packaging comes in various forms such as foam, air pillows, bubble wrap, cushion products, loose fill (e.g., Styrofoam packing peanuts), paperboard protectors and protective mailers, as well as non-engineered solutions such as newsprint, tissue paper, shredded corrugated cardboard and other materials.
The protective packaging industry is characterized by a diversity of applications and end markets, within both the industrial and consumer segments. Historically, growth in the protective packaging industry has been positively impacted by trends such as expedited delivery of individualized packages, globalization of the supply chain, and increased focus on efficiency and reduced shipping costs. We believe more recent and future growth drivers include further expansion of e-commerce activity, increased customization of protective packaging systems in markets such as electronics, and increased demand for environmentally friendly protective packaging. Moreover, in our view, those markets most closely linked to e-commerce and/or sustainable packaging are those best positioned for growth in the future.
Our Market
Our end-user market consists of any business that sells and ships products requiring random packaging. Accordingly, these end-users are highly dependent on their ability to obtain a cost-effective and efficient in-the-box packaging solution. Our end-users operate in a variety of businesses, including e-commerce, the automotive after-market, electronics, machinery/manufacturing, home goods, pharmaceuticals, retail and others.
We primarily sell our products to our distributors which, in turn, market and sell our products to our end-users. We also sell products directly to select end-users. In 2020, 85.5% of our net revenue was derived from sales to our distributors and approximately 14.5% of our net revenue was derived from sales directly to end-users.
Distributors. We primarily sell our products to our network of over 250 distributors worldwide. These distributors vary in size and, generally, offer a broad suite of packaging and other warehousing products and services to the end-users they serve, including other protective packaging systems, such as plastic bubble wrap and air pillows. Substantially all of our net revenue from distributors is generated by those who have agreed to exclusivity with our products and not to sell or promote competitors’ paper-based solutions. We believe that our distributors agree to these restrictions due to the exceptional value proposition our products provide to the end-users they serve.
Additionally, our distributors benefit from the collaborative approach we foster with our internal sales, engineering and marketing organization. We work with our distributors to win additional end-users of our paper-based products that the distributor, in turn, can service on an on-going basis with a broad suite of packaging equipment and supplies. Our distributors also typically address the needs of our end-users directly with respect to any ongoing protective system service needs. In order to facilitate the collaborative process, we meet with our distributors to discuss end-user needs and potential solutions, provide training programs (including through our Ranpak Academy program) for distributors that are designed to cultivate their knowledge of, and loyalty to, our brands, as well as provide the tools they need to successfully market and place our systems.
As a result of these and other efforts, we have built and maintained a well-established distributor network that is comprised primarily of long-term business relationships, as demonstrated by an average relationship greater than 20 years with our top ten global distributors. The continuity of these relationships evidences the strength of our business model, as well as the value proposition for our distributors and end-users. Furthermore, the depth and longevity of these relationships result in a distributor network that is highly knowledgeable and well versed in conveying the benefits of our systems to end-users.
We believe that our distributor-based distribution model is particularly well suited to the highly fragmented nature of the protective packaging solution end-user market we seek to serve by enabling us to reach a broad range of end users across size, industry and geography while maintaining a lean internal salesforce and capital base.
We charge our distributors for the paper consumables they purchase from us to provide to end-users, as well as a user fee for each protective packaging system they obtain from us for installation with an end-user. Our distributors take possession of our systems and paper consumables at our facilities and are responsible for any transit costs incurred to ship our products to their own inventory warehouses or an end-user’s location. Moreover, distributors take responsibility to ensure that the converters are, and remain, a highly valuable asset to all the players along the value chain.
End-Users. We have greater than 33,000 end-users located across North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, South America, and Africa. These end-users operate in wide variety of businesses and rely on our systems for a cost-effective and efficient paper-based protective packaging solution that meets their operational and shipping needs. Our universe of end-users is diverse and historically stable, with greater than 80.0% of distributor-serviced accounts generating less than $10,000 in annual net revenue in 2020. Our end-users vary in size from extremely small specialty manufacturers or retailers to some of the largest global e-commerce companies. While most of our end-users purchase our products from our distributors, we also sell our products directly to select end-users. Direct sales to end-users accounted for approximately 14.5% of our net revenue in 2020.
E-commerce. We believe changing consumer preferences and buying habits will drive continued e-commerce growth, both among pure-play e-commerce companies, as well as among historical brick-and-mortar companies seeking to expand their e-commerce
presence. We further believe the critical necessity of brand owners to optimize supply chains and reduce capital spend drives the important trend in concentration of logistics through third-party logistics providers that in turn drives increasing needs for efficient packaging end-of-line solutions. The availability of a broader product selection on-line, faster delivery times, and increased in-store pickup options all drive significant growth in on-line sales. This expansion of e-commerce is a worldwide trend that we believe will continue to accelerate as on-line penetration grows in developed and emerging markets. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the growing macroeconomic emphasis on e-commerce in the global economy. Although some of our e-commerce end-users are focused on the responsible reduction of their need for void-fill material more broadly, they generally require protective packaging solutions that can be integrated into their existing supply and distribution infrastructures on a low-cost and efficient basis. Most commonly, our e-commerce end-users purchase our Void-Fill solutions, but many also use our Automation, Wrapping and/or Cushioning systems. Sales to our e-commerce end-users, directly and through distributors accounted for approximately 34.9% of our net revenue in 2020.
Industrial Manufacturing. Our industrial manufacturing end market includes end users manufacturing products utilized for tools, construction supplies, energy and utilities, chemicals, paints, and metals. We believe demand in these sectors will increase as growing populations and expanding middle classes in developing countries generate more disposable income. Higher demand for advanced machines spurs increased spending on tools and robotics while higher demand for housing, infrastructure and commercial buildings benefits the tools and construction supplies sectors. Sales to industrial manufacturing end-users accounted for approximately 12.6% of our net revenue in 2020.
Automotive Aftermarket. The automotive after-market is driven by the need for replacement parts as automobiles age, as well as by the desire of consumers to customize vehicles to enhance performance and improve aesthetics. Increasing average age of vehicles and digitalization of component delivery sales and services, along with the advent of on-line portals distributing after-market components is expected to contribute to the continued growth of the automotive after-market industry. Our automotive after-market end-users require protective packaging solutions that have strong protective qualities, as the products they ship are often heavy, require greater care in handling, and have a higher individual per-unit value. Accordingly, these end-users most commonly purchase our Cushioning solutions. Our packaging solutions are typically designed to integrate into these end-users’ existing industrial processes for the production and distribution of automotive parts. Sales to our automotive after-market end-users accounted for approximately 9.9% of our net revenue in 2020.
Electronics. Widespread product innovation combined with an expanding working population, a corresponding growth in household formation and disposable incomes are key factors contributing to the growth of the global consumer electronics market. Thriving demand for smartphones across the globe and the miniaturization of electronic devices are additional factors boosting growth in the global consumer electronics market. We believe this demand for electronics will continue to grow as innovation, such as the Internet-of-Things and voice-connected devices, drives increased demand for the latest electronics hardware. Our electronics end-users customarily sell products such as computer hardware and electronics that are often already securely packaged in primary packages by the manufacturer and, as a result, require less robust protective packaging systems from us. Sales to our electronics end-users accounted for approximately 7.6% of our net revenue in 2020.
Industrial Machinery. We believe demand for industrial machinery and equipment used in sectors such as agriculture, construction, mining, packaging, and food processing will increase as economies expand, thus requiring additional infrastructure spend as well as increasing the need to feed growing middle-class populations across the globe. Sales to our machinery end-users accounted for approximately 6.1% of our net revenue in 2020.
Other. Our end-users also operate in many other industries, including Warehousing (5.2% of net revenue in 2020), Home Furnishings (4.2%), Printing and Business Services (3.1%), and other various industries (16.4%).
Our Sales, Marketing, and Distribution
Our sales and marketing efforts are focused on developing and expanding distributor relationships, cultivating large accounts, co-selling with distributor sales representatives, educating end-users on the advantages of our product offerings and capturing customer requirements to drive our product innovation efforts. Our flexible go-to-market strategy consists of sales and marketing efforts aimed at distributors and end-users to drive demand through distribution. This sales, marketing and distribution organization allows us to reach end-users across industries and around the globe.
Our internal sales and marketing team partners with distributors to proactively target new accounts and pull sales through the distribution network. We intend to continue investing in our distributor partners and sales force to optimize their market focus, enter new vertical segments, and provide our distributor partners with training, marketing programs and technical support, including through our Ranpak Academy, a training and product education program we offer frequently to new and existing distributors. Our training programs are designed to cultivate distributor knowledge and loyalty to our brands and to provide distributors with the tools necessary to successfully place our systems with the end-users they serve.
Our internal sales teams, marketing operations, and customer service operations are organized geographically with sales and support operations aligned under North American, European and Asia-Pacific geographies. Each geography is managed through a structure of regional general sales managers and national account managers, as well as individual account managers who cover specific states, countries or industries within a region.
As of December 31, 2020, we employed 80 sales, marketing and customer service personnel in the United States; 94 sales, marketing and customer service personnel in Europe; and 23 sales, marketing and customer service personnel in Asia.
Our Manufacturing and Assembly Processes
We manufacture and assemble proprietary protective systems that convert kraft paper into a broad range of packaging and cushioning products to address our customers’ needs. Our objective is to leverage our scale to achieve purchasing efficiencies and reduce our total delivered cost across our regions. We do this while adhering to strategic performance metrics and stringent purchasing practices. All four of our U.S. sites and both of our European sites renewed their certification under ISO 9001:2015 standards in 2019. The certification expires in 2021, however, is anticipated to be renewed.
We purchase the components for our protective packaging systems, as well as certain assembled systems, from a variety of well-established international design and manufacturing partners. We then assemble certain proprietary protective systems at our in-house facilities, employing highly skilled machine assembly teams. We also outsource the manufacture and assembly of a number of our proprietary protective systems to third-party manufacturing partners to be built in accordance with our design specifications, with a majority originating from China. We hold our suppliers to strict quality standards, and periodically conduct in-person audits of their facilities. With respect to our Ranpak Automation product line, the products are designed and manufactured at our in-house facilities or external contractors before installation at a customer’s facility. In 2020, we completed a facility dedicated solely to Ranpak Automation in Kerkrade, the Netherlands, located approximately three miles from our Heerlen location, to enhance our production capacity in our Automation business. We believe this state-of-the-art facility substantially increases our manufacturing and R&D capabilities, as well as provides a showroom for potential customers to see our extensive Automation product line. As our Automation business expands globally, we believe the Kerkrade facility can serve as a blueprint for adding other potential Automation facilities, including in North America.
We believe our design and manufacturing partners provide an important complement to our in-house design and manufacturing expertise. These partnerships give us great flexibility in choosing the optimal design and manufacturing solution for any product, whether that be entirely out-sourced, entirely in-sourced, or a blend of out-sourcing and in-sourcing. Accordingly, this network allows us to make design and manufacturing decisions on the basis of numerous factors, including cost, efficiency, level of intellectual property protection and reliability.
Our Paper Suppliers
We purchase both 100% virgin and 100% recycled kraft paper, as well as blends of materials recycled from post-consumer waste, from various suppliers for conversion into the paper consumables we sell. Before we determine to purchase paper from any supplier, the supplier must undergo a qualification process to ensure that its product meets our exacting requirements. This qualification process involves an evaluation of the physical specifications of the potential supply source, as well as extensive testing for the paper’s convertibility - on the fan-folding, rewinding and die-cutting raw paper converters in our facilities - and in the protective packaging systems we place with our end-users. All of our paper is sourced from suppliers that are SFI and/or FSC certified. Once a supplier is qualified, we purchase large rolls of kraft paper from that supplier for integration into our existing supply and production chain. The paper rolls are converted at our facilities before sale to our distributors and direct end-users for use with our Void-Fill, Cushioning and Wrapping protective systems.
In 2020, we purchased paper from approximately 22 paper suppliers and our largest single source of paper supplies sold us approximately 44.9% of the paper supplies purchased in North America. While the cost of paper supplies is our largest input cost, we negotiate supply and pricing arrangements with most of our paper suppliers annually, many of which we have long-standing relationships with, which helps us mitigate shorter term fluctuations in paper cost.
Our Competition
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and fragmented due to the large number of participants and the variety of product types and applications in which they are used around the world. Industry participants include specialized firms that focus on protective packaging, packaging companies that offer protective products among other product lines, and packaging material producers that supply packaging materials to end-users. Other competitors focus on narrow market segments (such as thermal), provide a limited range of products, or operate in a discrete geography. Finally, some competitors offer commoditized products, such as protective mailers or non-systems-based solutions that can be used for less sophisticated protective packaging needs.
Companies in the protective packaging industry employ a variety of strategies to gain market share and compete. We are one of the few suppliers offering a full suite of fiber-based renewable protective packaging solutions to a diversified set of end markets on a global basis. Our “in-the-box” protective packaging solutions serve to minimize movement of products in a box and provide cushioning or bracing, which minimize damage. Most frequent competing products are air pillows, bubble wrap, foam-in-place, loose-fill and other fiber-based solutions. We believe fiber-based solutions are the most versatile option used for a wide variety of products in various end markets (electronics, automotive, e-commerce) and is the preferred environmentally friendly solution. Competition for most of our packaging products is based primarily on packaging product quality (reliability and durability), breakage protection, service, price, speed/throughput, environmental sustainability, and company reputation. Since competition is also based upon innovations in packaging technology, we maintain ongoing R&D programs to enable us to maintain technological leadership. We protect our investments in improving technology through maintaining a comprehensive patenting program and aggressively pursue infringers of our patented technology, features, and processes.
We compete with companies producing competing products that are well-established, have significant scale, and have a broad product offering. There are other manufacturers of protective packaging products, some of which are companies offering similar products that operate across regions and others that operate in a single region or single country. Our primary competitors include Sealed Air Product Care Division, Pregis (FP International/Easypack), Intertape Polymer Group (IPG), Storopack and Sprick. Most competing manufacturers offer multi-substrate solutions including foam, loose-fill, plastic air pillows, and plastic bubble wrap in addition to a fiber-based offering. We believe we are the only major “in-the-box” protective packaging specialist that has a focus on a single environmentally friendly substrate (i.e., fiber) which enables us to have a best in class product offering as well as the credibility with customers that we are truly devoted to seeking environmentally sustainable solutions. We believe that we are one of the leading suppliers of fiber-based packaging materials and related systems in the principal geographic areas in which we offer those products. Additionally, due to internal technology development investments and the acquisition of the Ranpak Automation product line in 2017, we believe we are a leader in automated void reduction systems technology. Our Automation segment designs, manufactures, and sells automated box sizing equipment and provides turn-key end-of-line solutions to our customers.
Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2020, we had 645 employees worldwide, 264 of whom were located in the United States. We have 153 of our employees located in Europe who are covered by collective bargaining agreements.
We are proud to count men and women of all races and ethnicities as members of our Board of Directors, management team, and employee workforce. In 2020, we joined The Board Challenge as a Charter Pledge Partner. The Board Challenge is an initiative to improve diverse representation in corporate U.S. boardrooms. As a Charter Pledge Partner, we acknowledge that we already have diversity in our boardroom and pledge to use our resources to accelerate change within other companies. We are a global organization that values life experiences, ideas, and cultures that each of our employees bring to Ranpak, striving to create an atmosphere of acceptance and respect, facilitating an encouraging environment, and helping employees attain professional and educational goals. We strive to maintain an active dialogue with our employees and provide employees a comprehensive benefits package including competitive wages, medical, life, and accident insurance, incentive bonus programs, and a 401(k) plan with an employer matching contribution. We have departmental budgets set aside for training and also provide a tuition reimbursement program for employees seeking bachelors or masters degrees. Certain employees are also eligible for stock-based compensation programs that are designed to encourage long-term performance aligned with Company objectives.
Our Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property provides a strong competitive advantage. We own or license over 645 U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications directed to various innovations related to packaging machines, stock material, packaging processes, and packaging products, as well as more than 180 U.S. and foreign trademark registrations and trademark applications that protect our branding of our packaging products, services, and equipment. We continue to innovate and advance that competitive advantage. We have filed an average of approximately 25 U.S. and foreign patent applications per year over the past 10 years. We are also vigilant in protecting our intellectual property, by monitoring competitor activity, providing notice to potential infringers, and bringing litigation whenever and wherever necessary and appropriate.
Seasonality
Ranpak estimates that approximately 34.9% of its net revenue in 2020, either directly or to distributors, was destined for end-users in the e-commerce sectors, whose businesses frequently follow traditional retail seasonal trends, including a concentration of sales in the holiday period in the fourth quarter. Ranpak’s results tend to follow similar patterns, with the highest net revenue typically recorded in its fourth fiscal quarter and the slowest sales in its first fiscal quarter of each fiscal year. Ranpak expects this seasonality to continue in the future, as a result of which its results of operations between fiscal quarters in a given year may not be directly comparable.
Governmental Regulation
Federal, State, Local, and International Regulations
We are required to comply with numerous laws and regulations covering areas such as workplace health and safety, data privacy and protection, labor and employment. We monitor changes in these laws to maintain compliance with applicable requirements. Compliance with, or liability under, these laws and regulations may require us to incur significant costs and have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, and competitive position.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to a number of federal, state, local and international environmental-related health and safety laws and regulations that govern, among other things, the manufacture and assembly of our products; the discharge or pollutants into the air, soil and water; the use, handling, transportation, storage and disposals of hazardous materials; and environmental remediation or reclamation activities. We are required to hold various permits to conduct our operations. Compliance with, or liability under, these laws, regulations and permits can require us to incur significant costs and have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, and competitive position.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we have and may again become party to intellectual property litigation or other legal proceedings that we consider to be a part of the ordinary course of our business. Historically, one category of legal proceeding to which we have been a party has involved claims of patent or other intellectual property infringement. While we are judicious in initiating litigation to those circumstances justified by legal and business considerations, we have initiated and will continue to initiate affirmative action to protect our intellectual property. This litigation includes defending counterclaims brought by the counterparty against whom we have initiated a claim of infringement as part of their infringement-defense strategy.
Corporate Information
We are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “PACK.” Our corporate headquarters is located at 7990 Auburn Road, Concord Township, Ohio 44077. Our telephone number is (440) 354-4445. We maintain a website at www.ranpak.com. We make available, free of charge, on this website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are available, electronically filed with, or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These reports are also available at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. Apart from SEC filings, we also use our website to publish information which may be important to investors, such as analyst and investor presentations. Any information on our website or obtained through our website is not part of this Report.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Summary Risk Factors
Our business faces significant risks. In addition to the summary below, you should carefully review the “Risk Factors” section of this Report. We may be subject to additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, and the trading prices of our common stock could decline by virtue of these risks. These risks should be read in conjunction with the other information in this Report. Some of the more significant risks relating to our business include:
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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business and could in the future materially and adversely affect our business.
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We may be unable to secure a sufficient supply of paper to meet our production requirements given the limited number of suppliers that produce paper suitable for our products.
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Paper pricing may negatively impact our results of operations, including our profit margins, and financial condition.
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If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on the import of Chinese goods, or if China places tariffs or other restrictions on the import of U.S. goods, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
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We rely on third-party distributors to store, sell, market, service and distribute our products.
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We are dependent upon certain key personnel.
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Our level of outstanding indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and ability to fulfill our obligations.
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Certain of our stockholders, including JS Capital, own a significant portion of the outstanding voting stock of the Company.
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The price for our securities may be volatile.
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Our business is exposed to risks associated with our reliance on third-party suppliers to provide both the components used in our protective packaging systems as well as certain fully assembled protective packaging systems.
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Unfavorable end-user responses to price increases could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Continued consolidation in sectors in which many of our end-users operate may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Our efforts to expand beyond our core product offerings and into adjacent markets may not succeed and could adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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The global nature of our operations exposes us to numerous risks that could materially adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
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Fluctuations between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar could materially impact our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
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We are subject to a variety of environmental and product registration laws that expose us to potential financial liability and increased operating costs.
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If we are not able to protect or maintain our trademarks, patents and other intellectual property, we may not be able to prevent competitors from developing similar products or from marketing their products in a manner that capitalizes on our trademarks, and this loss of a competitive advantage may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.
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Our acquisition and integration of businesses could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Our insurance policies may not cover all operating risks and a casualty loss beyond the limits of our coverage could adversely impact our business.
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Our annual effective income tax rate can change materially as a result of changes in our mix of U.S. and foreign earnings and other factors, including changes in tax laws and changes made by regulatory authorities.
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The full realization of our deferred tax assets may be affected by a number of factors, including earnings in the United States.
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We are subject to taxation in multiple jurisdictions. As a result, any adverse development in the tax laws of any of these jurisdictions or any disagreement with our tax positions could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
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Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
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We may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges in connection with the business combination that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
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Our debt financing may adversely affect our leverage and financial condition and thus negatively impact the value of our shareholders’ investment in us.
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We may be unable to obtain additional financing to fund our operations or growth.
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Provisions in our organizational documents may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our Class A common stock and could entrench management.
Risks Related to Our Business
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business and could in the future materially and adversely affect our business.
The novel strain of the coronavirus identified in late 2019 and now affecting the global community has impacted and is expected to continue to impact our business and operations, and the full nature and extent of the impact is highly uncertain and may be beyond our control. Among other things, uncertainties relating to COVID-19 include the duration of the outbreak, the severity of the virus, and the actions, or perception of actions that may be taken, to contain or treat its impact, by governments and others, including declarations of states of emergency, business closures, manufacturing restrictions and a prolonged period of travel, commercial and/or other similar restrictions and limitations.
As many governmental measures providing for business shutdowns generally exclude critical infrastructure and the businesses that support critical infrastructure, such as packaging companies like us, all of our manufacturing facilities currently remain operational. Nevertheless, the impact of these measures over time, as well as additional measures we have adopted or may adopt in the future that are intended to protect the health and safety of our employees, is uncertain and could limit our manufacturing productivity. Likewise, in the event large numbers of our manufacturing workforce become ill with COVID-19 or otherwise, our productivity could be adversely affected. Any such reduction in our manufacturing productivity, whether resulting from governmental or our internal policies intended to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus or from employee illness could hinder our ability to meet customer demand, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.
Similarly, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken in response to it, our suppliers and vendors may not have the materials, capacity, or capability to enable the manufacture of the parts we use to assemble our packaging machines or the paper we convert into packaging consumables. To date, we experienced delays in obtaining certain supplies used in the assembly of our packaging machines that we source from China. While these delays have not resulted in our inability to deliver packaging machines to any of our distributors or end-users, to the extent they continue, or other of our suppliers or vendors are unable to provide us with the supplies we need according to our schedule and specifications, we may need to seek alternate suppliers or vendors, which may be more expensive, may not be available or may result in delays in shipments to us and subsequently to our distributors or end-users, each of which would affect our results of operations. Additionally, restrictions or disruptions in transportation logistics, such as reduced availability of sea or ground transport, port closures and increased border controls or closures, may result in delays and could result in higher costs, either of which could harm our profitability, make our products less competitive, or cause our distributors or end-users to seek alternative suppliers.
Additionally, social distancing and similar measures adopted in many jurisdictions around the world have impacted our ability to demonstrate and install our protective packaging systems and Automation products and, as a result, such demonstrations and installations have been delayed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Furthermore, many of our end-users have been and could continue to be negatively impacted as a result of disruption in demand for their products due to the decline in global economic activity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. To the extent demand for the products sold by our end-users continues to decline or the duration of any decline is longer than they anticipate, our distributors’ and end-users’ demand for our packaging systems will also decline, which could negatively impact our sales and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and its duration and ultimate disruption to our operations, supply chain, distributors and end-users, and the related financial impact on us, cannot be estimated at this time. Should any such disruptions continue for an extended period of time, the impact could have a more severe adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may be unable to secure a sufficient supply of paper to meet our production requirements given the limited number of suppliers that produce paper suitable for our products.
A limited number of paper mills produce paper that is suitable for use in our products in the markets in which we operate, and if they fail, experience interruptions in service, or are otherwise unable or unwilling to fill our purchase orders, we may not be able to produce enough of our paper consumables to meet our own production requirements. In addition, there are several grades or types of paper that we use in our products that we obtain from a single source due to the specificity of our requirements and limitations in the available paper products in a given market. For example, in 2020, we purchased approximately 44.9% of our raw paper requirements in North America from a single supplier, WestRock Company (“WestRock”). Increasing consolidation among our suppliers or the paper supply market more broadly may increase our reliance on existing suppliers or impact our ability to obtain alternative suppliers, if necessary.
If WestRock or one of our other major suppliers of paper in any of the markets in which we operate, fails or experiences an interruption or delay in service, there may be short-term or long-term disruption in our ability to secure paper from qualified sources and we may not have enough inventory to maintain our production schedule or continue to provide paper consumables to our distributors and end-users on a timely basis, or at all. For example, at most of our facilities, quantities of raw paper stored on-site represent approximately five days of paper consumables production at such facilities due to cost savings and storage limitations. Any such failure, interruption or delay may result in on-site paper storage at our paper consumable production facilities being depleted and, as a result, a reduction in the volume of production and sales of our paper consumables, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Paper pricing may negatively impact our results of operations, including our profit margins, and financial condition.
Our primary input is kraft paper, which we purchase from various paper suppliers around the world. Increases in global or regional market demand for paper-based products could increase the cost of the kraft paper we purchase. Increases in the price of kraft paper could also result from, among other things, increases in the cost of the raw materials used in paper production or increases in the cost of the energy our suppliers use to manufacture paper.
While historically, we have been able to successfully manage the impact of higher paper costs both by entering into annual fixed-price contracts with our suppliers, as well as by increasing the selling prices of our products, if we are unable to minimize the effects of any increases in paper costs through sourcing, pricing or other actions, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
Our business is exposed to risks associated with our reliance on third-party suppliers to provide both the components used in our protective packaging systems as well as certain fully assembled protective packaging systems.
These risks include, but are not limited to:
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the risk that our supplier agreements will be terminated, or that we will not be able to renew our agreements on favorable economic terms, and as a result our cost of goods will increase;
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the risk that our suppliers, including those in China that supply a majority of the components and systems provided to our end-users, will experience operational delays or disruptions, including as a result of the ongoing coronavirus outbreak, that will affect our ability to produce protective packaging systems or provide them to our distributors and end-users;
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the risk that our suppliers will fail, or will no longer be able to provide the components which we use to produce our protective packaging systems;
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the risk that our suppliers will not be able to meet an increase in demand for the components which we use to produce our protective packaging systems;
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the risk that our suppliers’ costs will increase, and that they will increase the prices of components or fully assembled protective packaging systems;
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the risk that suppliers of fully assembled protective packaging systems will increase their prices or will no longer be able to provide us with protective packaging systems; and
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the risk that our suppliers in China will be subject to increased trade barriers as a result of U.S.-Chinese trade measures, and such trade barriers will increase the costs of these components and systems or negatively impact our ability to purchase these components and systems.
For example, since the outbreak of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we have experienced delays in the supply of certain components used in the assembly of certain of our protective packaging systems. Should these delays continue or should our supply of such components be interrupted, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
In addition, some of our third-party suppliers for components and fully assembled systems, including certain suppliers impacted by the ongoing coronavirus outbreak, represent our only source for such products. If we are unable to continue to purchase such components and systems from such suppliers, we may face additional costs or delays, or be unable to obtain similar components and systems. These and other factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation or financial condition.
Demand for our products could be adversely affected by changes in end-user or consumer preferences, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our net revenue depends primarily on the volume of purchases by our end-users in the e-commerce industry and other industries it serves. End-user preferences for packaging formats, as well as the preferences of our end-users, can influence net revenue. Changes in these preferences, as well as changes in consumer behavior generally, could negatively impact demand for our products which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Moreover, we position ourselves in the protective packaging market as the leading environmentally sustainable protective packaging solutions provider. Although we believe a market and consumer preference for environmentally sustainable solutions is a trend that is likely to continue, there is no guarantee that it will do so or that we will benefit from the continuing trend. If the current trend in favor of environmental sustainability does not continue, diminishes, or shifts away from paper and fiber-based products, demand for our products could decrease, which could have an adverse impact on our business or results of operations, including through reduced net revenue and a subsequent decrease in gross margin and earnings. Additionally, the advent of emerging or improved technologies, such as the potential widespread availability of lower cost bio-plastics or increased recyclability of resin-based packaging solutions, could
satisfy market and consumer demand for environmentally sustainable packaging solutions and negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of operations even if the current trend in favor of environmentally sustainable solutions continues.
Continued consolidation in sectors in which many of our end-users operate may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Many of the sectors in which many of our end-users operate, such as the e-commerce, automotive after-market, electronics, machinery and home goods markets, have been consolidating in recent years, and this trend may continue. Because our business relies on integrating our protective packaging systems into end-users’ existing operations and generating revenue through the sale of our paper consumables, increased consolidation may have an adverse impact on our or our distributors’ ability to attract additional end-users or retain existing end-users, or on the pricing of our products and services, which could in turn adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The loss of end-users, particularly our e-commerce end-users, or a reduction in their production requirements, could have a significant adverse impact on our net revenue and profitability.
Although we have a diverse base of end-users, the loss of significant end-users or a large group of end-users, or a reduction in their production requirements, could have an adverse effect on our net revenue and, depending on the magnitude of the loss or reduction, our financial condition or results of operations. There can be no assurance that our existing end-user relationships will continue or be renewed at the same level of production, or at all, in the future.
In particular, a number of our e-commerce end-users that currently use our paper consumables for void-fill, cushioning or wrapping have established internal goals or initiatives relating to reducing the quantity of consumables that they utilize in their product packaging as part of environmental responsibility initiatives. If these end-users achieve their goals or if additional end-users pursue similar initiatives, they may require a reduced quantity of our paper consumables for protective packaging of their products. The loss of any e- commerce end-users, or a reduction in their purchasing levels, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our investments in R&D may not yield the results expected.
In order to compete in the protective packaging market, we must, among other things, adapt to changing consumer preferences and a competitive market through technological innovation. As a result of technological innovation as well as changing consumer preferences, new products can become standardized rapidly, leading to more intense competition and ongoing price erosion. In order to maintain our competitive advantage, we have invested, and will continue to invest, in R&D of new products and technologies. However, these investments may not yield the innovation or results expected on a timely basis, or at all, and any resulting technological innovations may not lead to successful new products or otherwise improve our performance and competitive advantage. Furthermore, our competitors may develop new products that are better suited to meet consumer demands, may develop and introduce such products before we are able to do so or may otherwise negatively impact the success of our new products, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The global nature of our operations exposes us to numerous risks that could materially adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
We maintain production facilities in three countries and territories, and our products are distributed to approximately 50 countries and territories around the world. A substantial portion of our operations are located outside of the United States and 61.0% of our 2020 revenue was generated outside of the United States. These operations, particularly in developing regions, are subject to various risks that may not be present or as significant for our U.S. and European operations. Economic uncertainty in some of the geographic regions in which we operate, including developing regions, could result in the disruption of commerce and negatively impact our cash flows or operations in those areas. Risks inherent in our international operations include:
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foreign currency exchange controls and tax rates, and exchange rate fluctuations, including devaluations;
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the potential for changes in regional and local economic conditions, including local inflationary pressures;
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laws and regulations governing foreign investment, foreign trade and currency exchange, such as those on transfer or repatriation of funds, which may affect our ability to repatriate cash as dividends or otherwise and may limit our ability to convert foreign cash flows into U.S. dollars;
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restrictive governmental actions such as those on trade protection matters, including antidumping duties, tariffs, embargoes and prohibitions or restrictions on acquisitions or joint ventures;
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the imposition of tariffs and other trade barriers, and the effects of retaliatory trade measures;
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compliance with U.S. laws and regulations, including those affecting trade and foreign investment and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “Foreign Corrupt Practices Act”);
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compliance with tax laws, or changes to such laws or the interpretation of such laws, affecting taxable income, tax deductions, or other attributes relating to our non-U.S. earnings or operations;
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difficulties of enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through certain foreign legal systems;
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difficulties of enforcement and variations in protection of intellectual property and other legal rights;
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more expansive legal rights of foreign unions or works councils;
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changes in labor conditions and difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
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import and export delays caused, for example, by an extended strike at the port of entry, or major disruptions to international or domestic trade routes due to strikes, shortages, acts of terrorism or acts of war could cause a delay in our supply chain operations;
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geographic, language and cultural differences between personnel in different areas of the world;
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political, social, legal and economic instability, civil unrest, war, catastrophic events, acts of terrorism, and widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases. including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; and
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compliance with data protection and privacy regulations in many of the countries in which we operate, including the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) in the EU which has been in effect since May 2018. Under this regulation, our collection, processing storage, use and transmission of personal data could give rise to liabilities as a result of governmental regulation, conflicting legal requirements, differing views on data privacy or security breaches.
These and other factors may have a material adverse effect on our international operations and, consequently, on our financial condition or results of operations.
If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on the import of Chinese goods, or if China places tariffs or other restrictions on the import of U.S. goods, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on the import of Chinese goods or if China places significant tariffs or other restrictions on the import of U.S. goods, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially adversely affected. For example, in September 2018, the U.S. government assessed a 10% tariff on thousands of categories of goods, including parts that we import from China to our domestic facilities to assemble our protective systems. Additionally, the U.S. government continues to signal that it may alter trade agreements and terms between China and the United States, including limiting trade with China, and may impose additional tariffs on imports from China. If additional duties are imposed or increasingly retaliatory trade measures taken by either the United States or China, we could need to materially increase our capital expenditures relating to the assembly of our protective systems, which could require us to raise our prices and result in the loss of end-users and harm our operating performance. Alternatively, we may seek alternative supply sources outside of China which may result in significant costs and disruption to our operations. In any such event, our business could be impacted by retaliatory trade measures taken by China or other countries in response to existing or future tariffs, or the imposition of additional tariffs, any of which could cause us to raise prices or make changes to our operations, and could materially harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.
A major loss of or disruption in our assembly and distribution operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
A disruption in operations at one or more of our assembly and distribution facilities, or those of our suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on our business or operations. Disruptions could occur for many reasons, including fire, natural disasters, weather, unplanned maintenance or other manufacturing problems, outbreaks of infectious diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, strikes or other labor unrest, transportation interruption, government regulation, contractual disputes, political unrest or terrorism. For example, we operate in leased facilities in Reno, Nevada, Raleigh, North Carolina, Kansas City, Missouri, and Nyrany, Czech Republic. If we are unable to renew leases at existing facilities on favorable terms or to relocate our operations to nearby facilities in an orderly fashion upon the expiration of those leases, we could suffer interruptions in our production and significant increases in costs.
Furthermore, alternative facilities with sufficient capacity or capabilities may not be available, may cost substantially more or may take a significant time to start production, each of which could negatively affect our business and financial performance. If one of our key assembly or paper converter facilities is unable to assemble our products or convert raw paper into our paper consumables, respectively, for an extended period of time, our net revenue may be reduced by the shortfall caused by the disruption and we may not
be able to meet our distributors’ and end-users’ needs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Fluctuations between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar could materially impact our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Approximately 61.0% of our net revenue in 2020 was generated outside the United States. We translate net revenue and other results denominated in foreign currency into U.S. dollars for our consolidated financial statements. As a result, we are exposed to currency fluctuations both in receiving cash from our international operations and in translating our financial results back to U.S. dollars. During periods of a strengthening U.S. dollar, we reported international net revenue and net earnings could be reduced because foreign currencies may translate into fewer U.S. dollars. Foreign exchange rates can also impact the competitiveness of products produced in certain jurisdictions and exported for sale into other jurisdictions. These changes may impact the value received for the sale of our goods versus those of our competitors.
Foreign exchange rates may also impact the ability of our customers to secure sufficient funds in U.S. dollars or European currency to purchase goods for export. For example, many of our distributors are local entities in the markets in which they operate and utilize foreign currencies to operate their business. Such distributors must convert their local currency into U.S. dollars or European currency in their business with us, for which foreign exchange rate fluctuations may present additional challenges for the operation of their business. We cannot predict the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on our future operating results or business. As exchange rates vary, our results of operations and profitability may be harmed.
We could experience disruptions in operations and/or increased labor costs.
In Europe, most of our employees, including most of our employees in the Netherlands, are represented by either labor unions or workers councils and are covered by collective bargaining agreements that are generally renewable on an annual or bi-annual basis. In addition, as our business expands globally, we may be subject to new labor-related requirements that may impose additional requirements or costs on our business. As is the case with any negotiation, we may not be able to negotiate or renew acceptable collective bargaining agreements in such cases, which could result in strikes or work stoppages by affected workers. Renewal of collective bargaining agreements could also result in higher wages or benefits paid to union members. A disruption in operations or higher ongoing labor costs could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to a variety of environmental and product registration laws that expose us to potential financial liability and increased operating costs.
We are subject to a number of federal, state, local and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that govern, among other things, the manufacture and assembly of our products, the discharge of pollutants into the air, soil and water and the use, handling, transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous materials.
Many jurisdictions require us to have operating permits for our assembly and warehouse facilities and operations. Any failure to obtain, maintain or comply with the terms of these permits could result in fines or penalties, revocation or non-renewal of our permits, or orders to temporarily or permanently cease certain operations, and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Some jurisdictions in which we operate have laws and regulations that govern the registration and labeling of some of our products. For example, we expect significant future environmental compliance obligations for our European operations as a result of the European Union (“EU”) Directive “Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals” (EU Directive No. 2006/1907) enacted on December 18, 2006. The directive, known as REACH, imposes several requirements related to the identification and management of risks related to chemical substances manufactured or marketed in Europe. The EU also enacted in 2008 a “Classification, Labeling and Packaging” regulation, known as the CLP Regulation, which aligns the EU system of classification, labeling and packaging of chemical substances to the Globally Harmonized System. Other jurisdictions may impose similar requirements. Compliance with these requirements can be costly.
We cannot predict with reasonable certainty the future cost of environmental compliance, industrial hygiene within our facilities, product registration, or environmental remediation. Environmental laws have become more stringent and complex over time and may continue to do so. Our environmental costs and operating expenses will be subject to these evolving regulatory requirements and will depend on the scope and timing of the effectiveness of requirements in these various jurisdictions. As a result of such requirements, we may be subject to an increased regulatory burden, including significant future environmental compliance, hygiene, health and safety obligations.
Increased compliance costs, increasing risks and penalties associated with violations, or our inability to market some of our products in certain jurisdictions may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
If we are not able to protect or maintain our trademarks, patents and other intellectual property, we may not be able to prevent competitors from developing similar products or from marketing their products in a manner that capitalizes on our trademarks, and this loss of a competitive advantage may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.
Our ability to compete effectively with other companies depends, in part, on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our owned and licensed intellectual property. If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our intellectual property, this loss of a competitive advantage could result in decreased net revenue or increased operating costs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We own a large number of patents and pending patent applications on our products, aspects thereof, methods of use and/or methods of manufacturing. There is a risk that our patents may not provide meaningful protection and patents may never be issued for our pending patent applications. Furthermore, we have historically focused and expect to continue to focus on strategically protecting our patents, including through pursuing infringement claims, which, especially in Europe, carries the risk that a court will determine our patents are invalid or unenforceable.
Trademark and trade name protection is important to our business. Although most of our trademarks are registered in the United States and in the foreign countries/regions in which we operate, we may not be successful in asserting trademark or trade name protection. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries/regions may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. The costs required to protect our trademarks and trade names may be substantial.
We cannot be certain that we will be able to assert these intellectual property rights successfully in the future or that they will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged. Other parties may infringe on our intellectual property rights and may thereby dilute the value of our intellectual property in the marketplace. Third parties, including competitors, may assert intellectual property infringement or invalidity claims against us that could be upheld.
Intellectual property litigation, which could result in substantial cost to and diversion of effort by us, may be necessary to protect our proprietary technology or for us to defend against claimed infringement of the rights of others and to determine the scope and validity of others’ proprietary rights. We may not prevail in any such litigation, and if we are unsuccessful, we may not be able to obtain any necessary licenses on reasonable terms or at all.
Any failure by us to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our acquisition and integration of businesses could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
From time to time, we consider acquisitions that either complement or expand our existing lines of business as part of our growth strategy. We are unable to predict the size, timing and number of acquisitions we may complete, if any, in the future. Integrating acquired businesses may create substantial costs, delays or other problems for us that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we may incur expenses associated with sourcing, evaluating and negotiating acquisitions (including those that are not completed), and we also may pay fees and expenses associated with financing acquisitions to investment banks and other advisors. We may also assume the liabilities of an acquired company, there can be no assurances that all potential liabilities will be identified or known to us and any such liabilities could materially adversely impact our business and financial condition.
Furthermore, we may not be able to successfully integrate any acquired businesses or realize all of the expected synergies from previously acquired businesses or related strategic initiatives. If we are unable to achieve the benefits that we expect to achieve from our strategic initiatives, we could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Additionally, while we execute these acquisitions and related integration activities, it is possible that our attention may be diverted from our ongoing operations which may have a negative impact on our business.
We are subject to taxation in multiple jurisdictions. As a result, any adverse development in the tax laws of any of these jurisdictions or any disagreement with our tax positions could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to taxation in, and to the tax laws and regulations of, multiple jurisdictions as a result of the international scope of our operations and corporate and financing structure. Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new
interpretations of the law are issued or applied. Many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, are actively considering changes to existing tax laws that, if enacted, could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business. Additional changes in tax laws could increase our overall taxes and our business, consolidated financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected in a material way. In addition, the tax authorities in any applicable jurisdiction, including the U.S., may disagree with the positions we have taken or intend to take regarding the tax treatment or characterization of any of our transactions. If any applicable tax authorities, including U.S. tax authorities, were to successfully challenge the tax treatment or characterization of any of our transactions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition or results of our operations.
We may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges in connection with the business combination that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
Although we conducted due diligence on Rack Holdings before we acquired it, we cannot assure you that this diligence revealed all material issues that may be present in Rack Holdings’ business, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of our and Rack Holdings’ control will not later arise. As a result, we may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in losses. Even if our due diligence successfully identified certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Even though these charges may be noncash items and may not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to be unable to obtain future financing on favorable terms or at all.
Our level of outstanding indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and ability to fulfill our obligations.
We have outstanding debt, and the outstanding indebtedness may:
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adversely impact our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate purposes;
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require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to payment of principal and interest on our debt and fees on our letters of credit, which reduces the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
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subject us to the risk of increased sensitivity to interest rate increases based upon variable interest rates, including our outstanding borrowings (if any);
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increase the possibility of an event of default under the financial and operating covenants contained in our existing debt instruments; and
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limit our ability to adjust to rapidly changing market conditions, reduce our ability to withstand competitive pressures and make it more vulnerable to a downturn in general economic conditions of our business than their competitors with less debt.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal or interest with respect to our debt will depend on our ability to generate cash and our future financial results. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future to service our debt obligations, we might be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt or to obtain new or additional such facilities. However, we might not be able to refinance our existing debt or obtain any such new or additional facilities on favorable terms or at all.
We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could remain an emerging growth company for up to five years from the date of our IPO, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30th before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will
rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Our management was unable to make a full assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting for the year ended December 31, 2019, and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at December 31, 2019.
The Company completed the Ranpak Business Combination on June 3, 2019. Prior to the Ranpak Business Combination, the Company was a publicly traded, blank check company and the Ranpak business was part of a private, Delaware limited partnership. As a result, the design of public company internal controls over financial reporting for the Company post-Ranpak Business Combination has required and will continue to require significant time and resources from our management and other personnel. Therefore, management was unable, without deploying an unreasonable level of resources, to conduct an assessment of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019.
Despite the fact that our management was unable to make a full assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting, in the course of preparing our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, we identified certain deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that we believed to be material weaknesses. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that a reasonable possibility exists that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Based on the determination that material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting existed as a result of an insufficient number of trained professionals with an appropriate level of public-company accounting knowledge, training and experience, our management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective. Management developed and executed a plan to remedy these material weaknesses, which were fully remediated in 2020. There can be no guarantee that potential material weaknesses will be alleviated in the time anticipated by management. Moreover, there can be no guarantee material weaknesses, so long as they prevail, do not lead to errors in our financial statements.
In addition, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. There can be no guarantee that, once such requirement applies to us, the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement will not result in the identification of additional deficiencies or material weaknesses with respect to Ranpak’s internal control over financial reporting. Any such deficiencies or material weaknesses could lead to errors in our financial statements and will also require us to expend time and resources in executing a remediation.
Risk Related to Ownership of Our Securities
A significant portion of our total outstanding shares may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of common stock in the public market could occur at any time, either pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on June 13, 2019, as amended, or otherwise. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our common stock. As of December 31, 2020, JS Capital holds approximately 39.7% of our total outstanding shares. Pursuant to the terms of the forward purchase agreements entered into at the time of the IPO and the reallocation agreement, the founder shares may not be transferred until the earlier to occur of (i) one year after the closing or (ii) the date on which we complete a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of our public shareholders having the right to exchange their common stock for cash, securities or other property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the last sale price of our common stock equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and other similar transactions) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the closing, the common stock into which the founder shares convert will be released from these transfer restrictions. Additional sales of our common stock into the market may cause the market price of our common to
drop significantly. In the first quarter of 2021, our stock exceeded $15.00 for the necessary 20-day trading period, removing all applicable restrictions on our common stock.
Certain of our stockholders, including JS Capital, own a significant portion of the outstanding voting stock of the Company.
As of December 31, 2020, JS Capital holds approximately 39.7% of our total outstanding shares. As long as JS Capital owns or controls a significant percentage of outstanding voting power, JS Capital will have the ability to strongly influence all corporate actions requiring shareholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and the size of our Board of Directors, any amendment of our organizational documents, or the approval of any merger or other significant corporate transaction, including a sale of substantially all of our assets. The interests of JS Capital may not align with the interests of our other shareholders. JS Capital is in the business of making investments in companies and may acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. JS Capital may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us.
Provisions in our organizational documents may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our Class A common stock and could entrench management.
Our organizational documents contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that shareholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include the ability of the Board of Directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preference shares, which may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.
Our organizational documents designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between the Company and our stockholders, to the fullest extent permitted by law, which could limit the Company’s stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company or our directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents.
Our organizational documents provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, unless the Company consents to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for:
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any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company;
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any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed to the Company or the Company’s stockholders by any of the Company’s directors, officers or other employees;
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any action asserting a claim against the Company or any of the Company’s directors, officers or employees arising out of or relating to any provision of the DGCL or the proposed organizational documents; or
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any action asserting a claim against the Company or any of the Company’s directors, officers, stockholders or employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware.
This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company or any of the Company’s directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. However, stockholders will not be deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder and this provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act, which provides for the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts with respect to all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, this provision applies to Securities Act claims and Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision with respect to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the Company’s proposed organizational documents to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, the Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
The NYSE may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
Our, Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE. We cannot guarantee that our securities will remain listed on the NYSE. In order to continue listing our securities on the NYSE, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and share price levels. If the NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we
expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
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a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;
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reduced liquidity for our securities;
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a determination that our Class A common stock are a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;
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a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
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a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The price of our securities may be volatile.
The price of our securities can vary due to general market and economic conditions and forecasts, our general business condition and the release of our financial reports. During 2020, our Class A common shares traded between $5.94 and $13.44 per share. Fluctuations in the price of our securities could contribute to the loss of all or part of your investment. In an active market for our securities, the trading price of our securities following the business combination could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on your investment in our securities and our securities may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of our securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.
Factors affecting the trading price of our securities following the business combination may include:
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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our annual or quarterly financial results or the annual or quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;
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changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results;
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success of competitors;
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our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period;
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changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning the Company or the market in general;
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operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to the Company;
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changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;
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commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving the Company;
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changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;
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the volume of common stock available for public sale;
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any major change in our Board of Directors or management;
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sales of substantial amounts of common stock by our directors, executive officers or significant shareholders or the perception that such sales could occur; and
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general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism.
Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our securities irrespective of our operating performance. The stock market in general and NYSE have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to the Company could depress our stock price regardless of our business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations. A decline in the market price for our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our common stock adversely, the price and trading volume of our common stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our common stock would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease their coverage or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our debt financing may adversely affect our leverage and financial condition and thus negatively impact the value of our shareholders’ investment in us.
We are a borrower under senior secured credit facilities provided by Goldman Sachs Merchant Banking Division consisting of a $270.9 million dollar-denominated first lien term facility, a €138.6 million euro-denominated first lien term facility and a $45.0 million revolving facility. Our senior secured credit facilities, impose, and future financing agreements are likely to impose, operating and financial restrictions on our activities which may adversely affect our ability to finance capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements or to engage in new business activities or otherwise adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy compared to our competitors who have less debt. In some cases, these restrictions require us to comply with or maintain certain financial tests and ratios. Subject to certain exceptions, such agreements restrict our ability to, among other things:
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incur additional indebtedness, issue disqualified stock and make guarantees;
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incur liens on assets;
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engage in mergers or consolidations or fundamental changes;
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sell assets;
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pay dividends and distributions or repurchase capital stock;
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make investments, loans and advances, including acquisitions;
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amend organizational documents;
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enter into certain agreements that would restrict the ability to incur liens on assets;
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repay certain junior indebtedness;
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enter into sale-leasebacks;
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engage in transactions with affiliates; and
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in the case of the direct parent holding company of the U.S. Borrower, engage in activities other than passively holding the equity interests in the U.S. Borrower.
Further, various risks, uncertainties and events beyond our control could affect our ability to comply with these covenants. Failure to comply with any of the covenants in our existing or future financing agreements, including with respect to the senior secured credit facilities, could result in a default under those agreements and under other agreements containing cross-default provisions. Such a default would permit lenders to accelerate the maturity of the debt under these agreements and to foreclose upon any collateral securing the debt. Under these circumstances, we might not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations. In addition, the limitations imposed by our existing and future financing agreements on our ability to incur additional debt and to take other actions might significantly impair our ability to obtain other financing. We cannot assure you that we will be granted waivers or amendments to these agreements if for any reason we are unable to comply with these agreements or that we will be able to refinance our debt on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
General Risk Factors
We experience competition in the markets for our products and services
We compete with a number of companies that produce and/or sell similar or competing packaging products from a variety of materials. We have several foreign and domestic competitors that are well established in the protective packaging market, including some with substantially greater financial, technical and other resources than we have or broader geographic reach. Many of our existing competitors also invest substantial resources in ongoing R&D, and we anticipate increased competition as consumer
preferences and other trends increase the appeal of our product areas. To the extent that our competitors introduce new products or technologies, such developments could render our products obsolete, less competitive or uneconomical.
We compete with these companies on, among other factors, the performance characteristics of our products, service, price, and the ability to develop new packaging products and solutions. Accordingly, we may not be able to maintain a competitive advantage over our competitors with respect to these or other factors, which may adversely affect our net revenue, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Unfavorable end-user responses to price increases could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
From time to time, and especially in periods of rising paper costs, we increase the prices of our products. Significant price increases, particularly if not taken by competitors in respect of similar products, could result in lower net revenue. For instance, interruptions in paper supply may lead us to increase the price of our paper consumables while plastic-based packaging competitors would not similarly increase the price of their products, which may result in a reduction in our market share and net revenue. Such loss of end-users or lower net revenue may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our performance, competitive position and prospects for future growth could be negatively impacted if new products we develop do not meet sales or margin expectations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our performance is dependent in part on our continuing ability to develop products that appeal to end-users by providing new or enhanced value propositions and provide us with a favorable return on the products’ cost through sales of paper consumables. The development and introduction cycle of each of these new products can be lengthy and involve high levels of investment. New products may not meet sales or margin expectations due to many factors, including our inability to (i) accurately predict demand, end-user preferences and evolving industry standards; (ii) resolve technical and technological challenges in a timely and cost-effective manner; or (iii) achieve manufacturing efficiencies. To the extent any new products do not meet our sales or margin expectations, our competitive position and future growth prospects may be negatively impacted, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our efforts to expand beyond our core product offerings and into adjacent markets may not succeed and could adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may seek to expand beyond our core fiber-based protective packaging systems and develop products or business strategies that have wider applications for manufacturers, end-users, or consumers. Expanding into new markets would require us to devote substantial additional resources to such expansion, and our ability to succeed in developing such products to address such markets is not certain. It is likely that we would need to take additional steps, such as hiring additional personnel, partnering with new third parties and incurring considerable R&D expenses, in order to pursue such an expansion successfully.
Any such expansion would be subject to additional uncertainties. For example, we could encounter difficulties in attracting new end-users due to lower levels of familiarity with our brand among potential distributor partners and end-users in markets we do not currently serve. As a result, we may not be successful in future efforts to expand into or achieve profitability from new markets, new business models or strategies or new product types, and our ability to generate net revenue from our current products and continue our existing business may be negatively affected. If any such expansion does not enhance our ability to maintain or grow net revenue or recover any associated development costs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
Uncertain global economic conditions have had and could continue to have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Uncertain global economic conditions have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on our business in the form of lower net revenue due to weakened demand, unfavorable changes in product price/mix, or lower profit margins. For example, global economic downturns have adversely impacted some of our end-users, such as automotive companies, distributors, electronic manufacturers, machinery manufacturers, home goods manufacturers and e-commerce and mail order fulfillment firms, and other end-users that are particularly sensitive to business and consumer spending.
During economic downturns or recessions, there can be heightened competition for net revenue and increased pressure to reduce selling prices as end-users may reduce their volume of purchases. Also, reduced availability of credit may adversely affect the ability of some of our end-users and suppliers to obtain funds for operations and capital expenditures. This could negatively impact our ability to obtain necessary supplies as well as the sales of materials and equipment to affected end-users. This could also result in reduced or delayed collections of outstanding accounts receivable from distributors or end-users. If we lose significant sales volume,
are required to reduce our selling prices significantly or are unable to collect amounts due, there could be a negative impact on our profitability and cash flows, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Cyber risk and the failure to maintain the integrity of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties with which we do business, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to an increasing number of information technology vulnerabilities, threats and targeted computer crimes which pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of our data.
Disruptions or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support our businesses and end-users, or cyber-attacks or security breaches of our networks or systems, could result in the loss of end-users and business opportunities, legal liability, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs, and additional compliance costs, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. While we attempt to mitigate these risks, our systems, networks, products, solutions and services remain potentially vulnerable to advanced and persistent threats.
We also maintain and have access to sensitive, confidential or personal data or information in certain of our businesses that are subject to privacy and security laws, regulations and end-user controls. Despite our efforts to protect such sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, our facilities and systems and those of our end- users and third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, theft, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors that could lead to the compromising of sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, improper use of our systems, software solutions or networks, unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of information, defective products, production downtimes and operational disruptions, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws with respect to both our domestic and international operations, and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal and civil liability and harm our business.
We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, and possibly other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit us from authorizing, offering, or directly or indirectly providing improper payments or benefits to recipients in the public or private sector. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third parties, our employees, representatives, contractors and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. In addition, although we have implemented policies and procedures to ensure compliance with anticorruption and related laws, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, representatives, contractors, partners, or agents will comply with these laws at all times. Noncompliance with these laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, other enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension and debarment from contracting with certain governments or other persons, the loss of export privileges, reputational harm, adverse media coverage, and other collateral consequences. If any subpoenas or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could further harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Product liability claims or regulatory actions could adversely affect our financial results or harm our reputation or the value of our brands.
Claims for losses or injuries purportedly caused by some of our products arise in the ordinary course of business. In addition to the risk of substantial monetary judgments, product liability claims or regulatory actions could result in negative publicity that could harm our reputation in the marketplace or adversely impact the value of our brands or ability to sell our products in certain jurisdictions. We could also be required to recall possibly defective products, or voluntarily do so, which could result in adverse publicity and significant expenses and reduced net revenue. Although we maintain product liability insurance coverage, potential product liabilities claims could be excluded or exceed coverage limits under the terms of our insurance policies or could result in increased costs for such coverage.
Political and economic instability and risk of government actions affecting our business and our end-users or suppliers may adversely impact our business, results of operations and cash flows.
We are exposed to risks inherent in doing business in each of the countries/regions or regions in which we or our end-users or suppliers operate including: civil unrest, acts of terrorism, sabotage, epidemics, force majeure, war or other armed conflict and related government actions, including sanctions/embargoes, the deprivation of contract rights, the inability to obtain or retain licenses required by us to operate our plants or import or export our goods or raw materials, the expropriation or nationalization of our assets,
and restrictions on travel, payments or the movement of funds. In particular, if additional restrictions on trade with Russia were adopted by the European Union or the United States, and were applicable to our products, we could lose revenue and experience lower growth rates in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We rely on third-party distributors to store, sell, market, service and distribute our products.
We rely on our network of third-party distributors to store, sell (in the case of paper consumables), market, service and distribute our protective packaging systems and paper consumables to a majority of our end-users. Because we rely on third-party distributors, we are subject to a number of risks, including:
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the risk that distributors may terminate or decline to renew their contractual relationship with us;
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the risk that we may not be able to renew our contracts with distributors on the same contractual terms;
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the risk that distributors, or the services that they rely on, will fail, or will be unable to deliver our protective packaging systems and paper-based products in a timely manner;
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the risk that distributors will be otherwise unable or unwilling to sell, market, service and distribute our products to end-users at the same rate they have historically, or at all; and
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the risk that end-users will increasingly seek to purchase consumables directly from suppliers, which would require us to alter our business model in order to accommodate direct-to-consumer sales.
If we fail to maintain our relationships with our distributors, or if our distributors do not meet the sales, marketing and service expectations of our end-users, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We depend on third parties for transportation services.
We rely primarily on third parties for delivery of our raw materials, as well as for transportation to certain select end-users to which we directly sell our products. In particular, a significant portion of the raw materials we use are transported by ship, railroad or trucks, which modes of transportation are highly regulated. If any of our third-party transportation providers were to fail to deliver raw materials to us in a timely manner, or fail to deliver our products to our direct end-users in a timely manner, we might be unable to manufacture our products in response to end-user demand. For example, at most of our facilities, quantities of raw paper stored on-site represent approximately five days of paper consumables production at such facilities due to cost savings and storage limitations. In addition, if any of these third parties were to cease operations or cease doing business with us, it might be unable to replace them at reasonable cost. Any failure of a third-party transportation provider to deliver raw materials or finished products in a timely manner could harm our reputation, negatively impact our end-user relationships and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, investments and results of operations.
We are subject to laws, regulations and rules enacted by national, regional and local governments and the NYSE. In particular, we are required to comply with certain SEC, NYSE and other legal or regulatory requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws, regulations and rules may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws, regulations and rules and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and rules, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We are subject to litigation in the ordinary course of business, and uninsured judgments or a rise in insurance premiums may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
In the ordinary course of business, we are subject to a variety of legal proceedings and legal compliance risks in our areas of operation around the world, including product liability claims, actions brought against us by our employees and other legal proceedings. Any such claims, regardless of merit, could be time-consuming and expensive to defend and could divert management’s attention and resources.
In accordance with customary practice, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, of these potential claims. We may elect not to obtain insurance if we believe that the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented. The levels of insurance we maintain may not be adequate to fully cover any and all losses or liabilities. Further, we may not be able to maintain insurance at commercially acceptable premium levels or at all.
If any significant accident, judgment, claim (or a series of claims) or other event is not fully insured or indemnified against, the cost of such accident, judgment, claim(s) or other event could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. There can be no assurance as to the actual amount of these liabilities or the timing thereof. We cannot be certain that the outcome of current or future litigation will not have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our insurance policies may not cover all operating risks and a casualty loss beyond the limits of our coverage could adversely impact our business.
Our business is subject to operating hazards and risks relating to handling, storing, transporting and use of the products we sell. We maintain insurance policies in amounts and with coverage and deductibles that we believe are reasonable and prudent. Nevertheless, our insurance coverage may not be adequate to protect us from all liabilities and expenses that may arise from claims for personal injury or death or property damage arising in the ordinary course of business, and our current levels of insurance may not be maintained or available in the future at economical prices. If a significant liability claim is brought against us that is not adequately covered by insurance, we may have to pay the claim with our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our annual effective income tax rate can change materially as a result of changes in our mix of U.S. and foreign earnings and other factors, including changes in tax laws and changes made by regulatory authorities.
Our overall effective income tax rate is equal to our total tax expense as a percentage of total earnings before tax. However, income tax expense and benefits are not recognized on a global basis but rather on a jurisdictional or legal entity basis. Losses in one jurisdiction may not be used to offset profits in other jurisdictions and may cause an increase in our tax rate. Changes in the mix of earnings (or losses) between jurisdictions and assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, among other factors, could have a significant effect on our overall effective income tax rate, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
The full realization of our deferred tax assets may be affected by a number of factors, including earnings in the United States.
We have deferred tax assets including state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, accruals not yet deductible for tax purposes, employee benefit items, interest expense carryforwards, and other items. We have established valuation allowances to reduce the deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Our ability to utilize the deferred tax assets depends in part upon our ability to generate future taxable income, including the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities that have been generated as a result of the transaction, within each respective jurisdiction during the periods in which these temporary differences reverse or our ability to carryback any losses created by the deduction of these temporary differences. We expect to realize the assets over an extended period. If we are unable to generate sufficient future taxable income in the U.S. and/or certain foreign jurisdictions, or if there is a significant change in the time period within which the underlying temporary differences become taxable or deductible, we could be required to increase our valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets. Our effective tax rate would increase if we were required to increase our valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets. In addition, changes in statutory tax rates or other legislation or regulation may change our deferred tax assets or liability balances, with either favorable or unfavorable impacts on our effective tax rate.
Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to income and other taxes in the United States, and our domestic tax liabilities are subject to the allocation of expenses in differing jurisdictions. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:
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changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;
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expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances;
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tax effects of stock-based compensation;
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costs related to intercompany restructurings;
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changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations thereof; or
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lower than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated future earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory tax rates.
In addition, we may be subject to audits of our income, sales and other taxes by U.S. federal and state authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may record a significant amount of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets and we may never realize the full carrying value of the related assets.
We record a significant amount of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets, including end-user relationships, trademarks and developed technologies. We test goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Amortizable intangible assets are periodically reviewed for possible impairment whenever there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment may result from, among other things, (i) a decrease in our expected net earnings; (ii) adverse equity market conditions; (iii) a decline in current market multiples; (iv) a decline in our common stock price; (v) a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climates; (vi) heightened competition; (vii) strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions; or (viii) a more- likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of. In the event that we determine that events or circumstances exist that indicate that the carrying value of goodwill or identifiable intangible assets may no longer be recoverable, we might have to recognize a non-cash impairment of goodwill or other identifiable intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
We are dependent upon certain key personnel.
Our ability to successfully operate our business is dependent upon the efforts of certain key personnel, including our senior management. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of our directors or executive officers and our inability to hire and retain replacements could have a detrimental effect on us and negatively impact our operations and profitability.
Disruption and volatility of the financial and credit markets could affect our external liquidity sources.
Our principal sources of liquidity are accumulated cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, cash flow from operations and amounts available under our lines of credit, including secured credit facilities, term loans and a revolving credit facility. We may be unable to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Additionally, conditions in financial markets could affect financial institutions with which we have relationships and could result in adverse effects on our ability to utilize fully our committed borrowing facilities.
We may be unable to obtain additional financing to fund our operations or growth.
We may require additional financing to fund our operations or growth. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the continued development or growth of the Company.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our global headquarters are in Concord Township, Ohio. Our wholly owned subsidiary, Ranpak B.V., maintains our European headquarters in Heerlen, The Netherlands.
We have facilities for the assembly of our systems in Concord Township, Ohio; Heerlen, The Netherlands; and Nyrany, Czech Republic. We convert our paper consumables in Concord Township, Ohio; Kansas City, Missouri; Raleigh, North Carolina; Reno, Nevada; Heerlen, The Netherlands; and Nyrany, Czech Republic. We have a dedicated Ranpak Automation facility in Kerkrade, the Netherlands.
We also maintain sales offices in Shanghai, China; Laoshan, China; Paris, France; Tokyo, Japan; and Singapore.
The geographic dispersion of our manufacturing facilities gives us the flexibility to make our products available to our distributors and direct end-use customers at a location that is closer to their own facilities.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits, and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. Our businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our Class A Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol, “PACK.”
Holders of Record
As of March 2, 2021, there were 23 holders of record of our Class A Common Shares and two holders of our Class C Common Shares. The actual number of holders is greater than the number of record holders and includes holders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include holders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.
Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common shares to date and do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, capital requirements and general financial condition. In addition, our Board of Directors is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring stock dividends in the foreseeable future. Our ability to declare dividends is limited by restrictive covenants contained within our Facilities. Refer to Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
Performance Graph
The following stock price performance graph should not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Report into any filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such acts.
The graph below compares the cumulative total return of our common stock from June 3, 2019 through December 31, 2020, with the comparable cumulative return of two indices, the Russell 2000 Index (“RTY”) and the Dow Jones U.S. Containers and Packaging Index (“DJUSCP”).
The graph plots the growth in value of a $100.00 initial investment in our common and in each of the indexes over the indicated time periods, and assumes reinvestment of all dividends, if any, paid on the securities. We have not paid any cash dividends and, therefore, the cumulative total return calculation for us is based solely upon share price appreciation and not upon reinvestment of cash dividends. The share price performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
On June 3, 2019, we consummated the acquisition of all outstanding and issued equity interests of Rack Holdings, Inc. (“Rack Holdings”) pursuant to a stock purchase agreement (the “Ranpak Business Combination”). The Company (then One Madison Corporation) was deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the Ranpak Business Combination, as a result of which the Company allocated its purchase price to Rack Holdings’ assets and liabilities at fair value, which created a new basis of accounting. Until the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination, Rack Holdings operated as a separate business holding all of the historical assets and liabilities related to our business. Except as otherwise provided herein, our financial statement presentation includes (i) the results of Rack Holdings and its subsidiaries in Predecessor periods, and (ii) the consolidated results of Rack Holdings and its subsidiaries and One Madison Corporation for Successor periods.
Pursuant to the November 2020 Amendments, we elect to provide disclosure consistent with the recent amendments to Regulation S-K, Item 301, which eliminate the requirement to provide selected financial data in comparative tabular form for each of our last five fiscal years.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes set forth in Part II, Item 8, as well as the discussion included in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Report. All amounts and percentages are approximate due to rounding.
Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report, including, without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Report, words such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those described in our other SEC filings. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. No assurance can be given that results in any forward-looking statement will be achieved and actual results could be affected by one or more factors, which could cause them to differ materially. The cautionary statements made in this Report should be read as being applicable to all forward-looking statements whenever they appear in this Report. For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in our filings with the SEC. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Report and the Exhibits attached hereto are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us taking into account information currently available to us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, they could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified in the section titled, “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Report. Except as required by law, we are not undertaking any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You should not take any statement regarding past trends or activities as a representation that the trends or activities will continue in the future. Accordingly, you should not put undue reliance on these statements.
Overview
Ranpak is a leading provider of environmentally sustainable, systems-based, product protection solutions and end-of-line automation solutions for e-commerce and industrial supply chains. Since our inception in 1972, we have delivered high quality protective packaging solutions, while maintaining our commitment to environmental sustainability. We assemble our protective packaging systems and provide the systems and paper consumables to customers, which include direct end-users and our network of exclusive paper packaging solution distributors, who in turn place the systems with and sell paper to commercial and industrial users for the conversion of paper into packaging materials. We operate manufacturing facilities in Concord Township, Ohio; Kansas City, Missouri; Raleigh, North Carolina; and Reno, Nevada in the United States, in Heerlen and Kerkrade, the Netherlands as well as
Nyrany, Czech Republic. In the second quarter of 2020, we opened a new production facility for our automation business in Kerkrade, the Netherlands, located approximately three miles from our Heerlen location, to enhance our production capacity in our automation business. We also maintain sales and administrative offices in Paris, France; Laoshan, China; Shanghai, China; Tokyo, Japan; and Singapore. We are a global business that generated approximately 61.0% of our 2020 net revenue outside of the United States.
As of December 31, 2020, we had an installed base of approximately 117.4 thousand protective packaging systems serving a diverse set of distributors and end-users. We generated net revenue of $298.2 million in 2020. Additionally, we generated net revenue of $163.1 million in the Successor Period and $106.4 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period.
The Ranpak Business Combination
On June 3, 2019, we consummated the acquisition of all outstanding and issued equity interests of Rack Holdings, Inc. (“Rack Holdings”) pursuant to a stock purchase agreement for consideration of $794.9 million, which reflects a post-closing adjustment of $0.7 million for net working capital and additional consideration, and €140.0 million ($160.8 million) in cash, (i) $341.5 million and €140.0 million of which, respectively, was used by the Seller to repay outstanding indebtedness and unpaid transaction expenses as contemplated by the stock purchase agreement and (ii) the remainder of which was paid to Rack Holdings L.P. (“Seller”).
The Company (then One Madison Corporation) was deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the Ranpak Business Combination, as a result of which the Company allocated its purchase price to Rack Holdings’ assets and liabilities at fair value, which created a new basis of accounting. Until the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination, Rack Holdings operated as a separate business holding all of the historical assets and liabilities related to our business.
The Ranpak Business Combination was financed, in part, with debt of approximately $534.6 million, which became Ranpak’s direct obligation upon the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination. Upon the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination on June 3, 2019, Rack Holdings’ then-existing debt, which amounted to approximately $487.6 million as of such date, was repaid in full. In December 2019, the Company closed a public offering of its Class A common stock generating net proceeds of approximately $107.7 million that was used to pay down the First Lien Dollar Term Facility.
Following the Ranpak Business Combination, we have hired, and expect to hire additional staff and implement procedures and processes to address regulatory and other customary requirements applicable to operating public companies. We have incurred additional annual expenses for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, and additional internal and external accounting, legal and administrative resources, including increased audit and legal fees. We estimated that these incremental costs on an annual basis would amount to approximately $2.0 million or more per year, resulting in higher operating expenses in future periods. The closing of the Ranpak Business Combination also resulted in the elimination of certain non-recurring expenses incurred prior to the Ranpak Business Combination, which amounted to $35.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Factors Affecting the Comparability of Our Results of Operations
The following factors may have affected the comparability of Ranpak’s results of operations between the periods presented in this Report and may affect the comparability of its results of operations in future periods.
Effect of Currency Fluctuations. As a result of the geographic diversity of Ranpak’s operations, it is exposed to the effects of currency translation. Currency transaction exposure results when Ranpak generates net revenue in one currency at one time and incurs expenses in another currency at another time, or when it realizes gain or loss on intercompany transfers. While Ranpak seeks to limit its currency transaction exposure by matching the currencies in which it incurs sales and expenses, it may not always be able to do so.
In addition, Ranpak is subject to currency translation exposure because the operations of its subsidiaries are measured in their functional currency which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the subsidiary operates. Any currency balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the subsidiary are re-measured into the functional currency, with the resulting gain or loss recorded in the foreign currency (gains) losses line-item in Ranpak’s income statement. In turn, subsidiary income statement balances that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars, Ranpak’s functional currency, in consolidation using the average exchange rate in effect during each fiscal month during the period, with any related gain or loss recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments in other comprehensive income (loss). The assets and liabilities of subsidiaries that use functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars in consolidation using period end exchange rates, with the effects of foreign currency translation adjustments included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Ranpak does not currently hedge its foreign currency transaction or translation exposure. As a result, significant currency fluctuations could impact the comparability of its results between periods, while such fluctuations coupled with material mismatches in net revenue and expenses could also adversely impact its cash flows. See “Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Acquisitions. On February 28, 2017, Ranpak acquired e3neo for total consideration of $3.3 million, including contingent consideration of $1.1 million which was paid in full in 2018, plus an earn-out opportunity, which was not earned and, in April 2020, we entered into a settlement arrangement with the former majority owner of e3neo to provide, among other things, for a payment to the earn-out counterparties in the amount of approximately $1.6 million. All amounts were paid by the end of October 2020. See Note 10, “Acquisition” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
In October 2020, we acquired certain amortizable intangible assets, including patents and other intellectual property, from a European manufacturer in a €1.1 million (or $1.3 million) asset acquisition transaction. Please refer to Note 9, “Goodwill, Long-Lived, and Intangible Assets, net” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report for further detail.
While recent acquisitions have been relatively small, any significant future business acquisitions may impact the comparability of Ranpak’s results in future periods with those for prior periods.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rapid changes in market and economic conditions around the world as COVID-19 continues to spread. We derive a significant portion of our revenue from sales of Void-Fill, Cushioning and Wrapping solutions to e-commerce end-users and demand from these end-users has been strong, offsetting reductions in demand for these products from customers in other industries. However, social distancing and similar measures adopted in many jurisdictions around the world have impacted our ability to demonstrate and install our protective packaging systems and Automation products and, as a result, such demonstrations and installations have been delayed. If social distancing measures continue for an extended period of time, growth in our protective packaging system base, acquisition of new customers and sales of Automation products may be adversely affected. We believe that these impacts are not unique to us and that our industry competitors have been impacted in a similar fashion. We are deemed an essential business under the Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers During COVID-19 Response issued by the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and pursuant to state decisions in states where our domestic production and distribution facilities are located. We continue to operate our production and distribution facilities, both domestically and internationally, albeit subject to social distancing and other measures to promote a safe operating environment. While we have experienced limited delays in receiving certain supplies we use to assemble our packaging systems, to date, these measures have not materially impacted the cost of producing and distributing our products, the cost and availability of raw materials and components, and we have encountered minimal disruption in our ability to fulfill customer orders. We continue to monitor our liquidity position closely and have extended payment terms to certain of our customers when necessary, while correspondingly seeking extended terms from our key suppliers. While we do not currently expect COVID-19 to have a material impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, at the time of this filing, we cannot predict the extent to which we will ultimately be impacted due to the evolving and highly uncertain nature and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. See “Risk Factors” located previously in this Report. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Key Performance Indicators and Other Factors Affecting Performance
Ranpak uses the following key performance indicators and monitors the following other factors to analyze its business performance, determine financial forecasts, and help develop long-term strategic plans:
Protective Packaging Systems Base - Ranpak closely tracks the number of protective packaging systems installed with end-users as it is a leading indicator of underlying business trends and near-term and ongoing net revenue expectations. Ranpak’s installed base of protective packaging systems also drives its capital expenditure budgets. The following table presents Ranpak’s installed base of protective packaging systems by product line as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Change
% Change
Protective Packaging Systems
(in thousands)
Cushioning machines
33.6
32.3
1.3
4.0
Void-fill machines
68.0
60.6
7.4
12.2
Wrapping machines
15.8
11.7
4.1
35.0
Total
117.4
104.6
12.8
12.2
Paper Costs. Paper is a key component of Ranpak’s cost of sales and paper costs can fluctuate significantly between periods. Ranpak purchases both 100% virgin and 100% recycled paper, as well as blends, from various suppliers for conversion into the paper consumables it sells. The cost of paper supplies is Ranpak’s largest input cost, and it negotiates supply and pricing arrangements with
most of its paper suppliers annually, with a view towards mitigating fluctuations in paper cost. Nevertheless, as paper is a commodity, its price on the open market, and in turn the prices Ranpak negotiates with suppliers at a given point in time, can fluctuate significantly, and is affected by several factors outside of Ranpak’s control, including supply and demand and the cost of other commodities that are used in the manufacture of paper, including wood, energy and chemicals. The market for Ranpak’s solutions is competitive and it may be difficult for Ranpak to pass on increases in paper prices to its customers immediately, or at all, which has in the past and could in the future adversely affect its operating results.
Basis of Presentation
Net Revenue. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when we transfer control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer’s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all of the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable and we no longer have an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.
We sell our paper products to end-users primarily through an established distributor network and direct sales to select end-users. Our protective packaging solutions fall into four broad categories: Void-Fill, Cushioning, Wrapping, and End-of-Line Automation. The Void-Fill protective systems convert paper to fill empty spaces in secondary packages and protect objects. The Cushioning protective systems convert paper into cushioning pads. The Wrapping protective systems create pads or paper mesh to securely wrap and protect fragile items as well as to line boxes and provide separation when shipping multiple objects. The end-of-line Automation solutions include capital equipment which can size, pad, fill, flap, lid, tape and/or label the product in an integrated fashion with the speed and flow of the customer’s packaging line.
Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid.
We also charge many customers a quarterly/annual fee for the use of our protective packaging systems on a per-unit basis, which is generally billed in advance, recorded as deferred revenue upon billing and subsequently recorded as net revenue on a straight-line basis when earned over the period. Net revenue also includes sales of Ranpak Automation’s highly automated box sizing system to certain higher volume customers. See Note 8, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of raw materials, mainly paper, depreciation of protective packaging systems and salaries, wages, benefits and bonuses for employees and contractors engaged in the conversion and production of paper. For Ranpak Automation cost of sales consists of equipment components and related labor to assemble the end-of-line solutions. Costs related to systems maintenance billed to customers are recorded as cost of goods sold as incurred.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and bonuses for sales and marketing, executive, finance and accounting, human resources and administrative employees, third-party legal, accounting and other professional services, insurance (including auto, workers’ compensation and general liability), corporate travel and entertainment and facilities rent and utilities.
Transaction Costs. Transaction costs consist primarily of one-time professional fees and costs related to acquiring a business or engaging in equity transactions that are unable to be capitalized.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization expense is comprised primarily of amortization of customer and distributor relationships and to a lesser extent building and leasehold improvements. Our intangible customer and distributor relationship assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. All of these assets reflect the valuations ascribed to them through fair value accounting in conjunction with the Ranpak’s Business Combination. Depreciation related to production equipment and our protective packaging systems is included in cost of goods sold.
Other Operating Expense (Income), Net. Other operating expense (income), net, includes losses on the return of equipment, mainly protective packaging systems, by customers, R&D expenses and litigation-related settlements. Returned systems are typically refurbished or disposed for salvage value.
Interest Expense. Interest expense includes mainly the interest incurred and accrued on our outstanding indebtedness, as well as amortization of deferred financing costs, mainly debt origination and commitment fees.
Foreign Currency (Gain) Loss. Foreign currency (gain) loss consists of foreign currency remeasurement, mainly consisting of conversion gains and losses on our Euro-denominated term facility, and, to a lesser extent, transaction losses and gains. See “- Factors Affecting the Comparability of Ranpak’s Results of Operations - Effect of Currency Fluctuations” above.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit). Income tax expense (benefit) consists mainly of taxes payable to national, state and local authorities. We follow the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of the assets and liabilities. In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We evaluate for uncertain tax positions at each reported balance sheet date.
Emerging Growth Company. Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”) exempts an Emerging Growth Company (“EGC”) from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act of 1933, as amended, registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company that is not an EGC or that is an EGC which has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth Ranpak’s results of operations for 2020, the Successor Period, and the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, with line items presented in millions of dollars.
The Ranpak Business Combination is accounted for under the scope of business combination guidance in ASC 805. Accordingly, the Ranpak Business Combination is accounted for using the acquisition method which requires the Company to record the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Rack Holdings (see Note 10, “Acquisition”).
In addition, in our discussion below, we include certain unaudited, non-GAAP pro forma data for 2020, the Successor Period, and the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period. This data is based on our historical financial statements included elsewhere in this Report, adjusted (where applicable) to remove the effect of costs incurred to consummate the Ranpak Business Combination, other one-time costs incurred due to the Company entering into the Ranpak Business Combination and for purchase accounting adjustments related to the Ranpak Business Combination as well as to reflect a constant currency presentation between periods for the convenience of readers. We refer to these data as pro forma data in our discussion. However, such pro forma data have not been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. We reconcile this data to our GAAP data for the same period under “Presentation and Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures” for 2020 and 2019.
Comparison of 2020 to the Successor Period and 1H 2019 Predecessor Period
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 - December 31, 2019
January 1, 2019 - June 2, 2019
% Net revenue
% Net revenue
% Net revenue
Net revenue
$
298.2
-
$
163.1
-
$
106.4
-
Cost of goods sold
175.6
58.9
97.4
59.7
61.2
57.5
Gross profit
122.6
41.1
65.7
40.3
45.2
42.5
Selling, general and administrative expenses
72.5
24.3
37.7
23.1
23.8
22.4
Transaction costs
2.2
0.7
0.3
0.2
7.4
7.0
Depreciation and amortization expense
31.5
10.6
17.2
10.5
17.7
16.6
Other operating expense, net
4.7
1.6
2.4
1.5
2.2
2.1
Income (loss) from operations
11.7
3.9
8.1
5.0
(5.9
)
(5.5
)
Interest expense
30.2
10.1
27.3
16.7
20.2
19.0
Foreign currency (gain) loss
6.1
2.0
0.7
0.4
(2.2
)
(2.1
)
Loss before income tax benefit
(24.6
)
(8.2
)
(19.9
)
(12.2
)
(23.9
)
(22.5
)
Income tax benefit
(1.2
)
(0.4
)
(2.7
)
(1.7
)
(4.9
)
(4.6
)
Net loss
$
(23.4
)
(7.8
)
$
(17.2
)
(10.5
)
$
(19.0
)
(17.9
)
Non-GAAP
EBITDA
$
67.9
$
39.2
$
22.9
AEBITDA
$
93.7
-
-
Pro Forma
Year Ended December 31,
% Net revenue
% Net revenue
$ Change
% Change
Net revenue
$
298.9
-
$
277.4
-
$
21.5
7.8
Cost of goods sold
175.9
58.8
158.6
57.2
17.3
10.9
Gross profit
123.0
41.2
118.8
42.8
4.2
3.5
Selling, general and administrative expenses
72.9
24.4
55.6
20.0
17.3
31.1
Transaction costs
2.2
0.7
-
-
2.2
-
Depreciation and amortization expense
31.7
10.6
34.8
12.5
(3.1
)
(8.9
)
Other operating expense, net
4.7
1.6
5.0
1.8
(0.3
)
(6.0
)
Income (loss) from operations
11.5
3.8
23.4
8.4
(11.9
)
(50.9
)
Interest expense
30.1
10.1
35.9
12.9
(5.8
)
(16.2
)
Foreign currency (gain) loss
6.2
2.1
(1.5
)
(0.5
)
7.7
(513.3
)
Loss before income tax benefit
(24.8
)
(8.3
)
(11.0
)
(4.0
)
(13.8
)
125.5
Income tax benefit
(1.4
)
(0.5
)
-
-
(1.4
)
-
Net loss
$
(23.4
)
(7.8
)
$
(11.0
)
(4.0
)
$
(12.4
)
112.7
Non-GAAP
EBITDA
$
67.9
$
84.5
$
(16.6
)
(19.6
)
AEBITDA
$
93.7
$
87.3
$
6.4
7.3
Net Revenue
The following table and the discussion that follows compares Ranpak’s net revenue by geographic region and by product line for 2020 and 2019 on a GAAP basis and on a non-GAAP, pro forma basis as described above and in the discussion below. See also “Presentation and Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures” for further details:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 - December 31, 2019
January 1, 2019 - June 2, 2019
% Net revenue
% Net revenue
% Net revenue
North America
$
127.4
42.7
$
81.8
50.2
$
50.1
47.1
Europe/Asia
170.8
57.3
81.3
49.8
56.3
52.9
Net revenue
$
298.2
100.0
$
163.1
100.0
$
106.4
100.0
Cushioning machines
$
125.7
42.2
$
72.3
44.3
$
46.4
43.6
Void-fill machines
125.0
41.9
69.1
42.4
42.7
40.1
Wrapping machines
38.8
13.0
17.6
10.8
8.8
8.3
Other
8.7
2.9
4.1
2.5
8.5
8.0
Net revenue
$
298.2
100.0
$
163.1
100.0
$
106.4
100.0
Pro Forma
Year Ended December 31,
% Net revenue
% Net revenue
$ Change
% Change
North America
$
127.4
42.6
$
132.4
47.7
$
(5.0
)
(3.8
)
Europe/Asia
171.5
57.4
145.0
52.3
26.5
18.3
Net revenue
$
298.9
100.0
$
277.4
100.0
$
21.5
7.8
Cushioning machines
$
125.9
42.1
$
125.4
45.2
$
0.5
0.4
Void-fill machines
125.1
41.9
113.5
40.9
11.6
10.2
Wrapping machines
38.8
13.0
26.9
9.7
11.9
44.2
Other
9.1
3.0
11.6
4.2
(2.5
)
(21.6
)
Net revenue
$
298.9
100.0
$
277.4
100.0
$
21.5
7.8
Net revenue for 2020 was $298.2 million. Net revenue for the Successor Period was $163.1 million, and $106.4 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined $269.5 million in 2019. Net revenue increased $28.7 million or 10.6% as a result of an increase in the volume of Ranpak’s paper consumable products of approximately 13.1 percentage points (“pp”), partially offset by a 5.2 pp decrease in the price of Ranpak’s paper consumable products and a decrease of approximately 0.6 pp in sales of automated box sizing equipment. Net revenue on a combined basis was positively impacted by increases in cushioning, void-fill, and wrapping, partially offset by decreases in other sales. On a combined basis, cushioning increased $7.0 million, or 5.9%, to $125.7 million from $118.7 million, void-fill increased $13.2 million, or 11.8%, to $125.0 million from $111.8 million, wrapping increased $12.4 million, or 47.0%, to $38.8 million from $26.4 million, while other sales decreased $3.9 million, or 31.0% to $8.7 million from $12.6 million, in each case for 2020 compared to 2019. Other net revenue includes automated box sizing equipment and non-paper revenue from packaging systems installed in the field. Pro forma net revenue was $298.9 million for 2020, a $21.5 million, or 7.8%, increase on a constant currency basis from pro forma net revenue of $277.4 million for 2019 after adjusting to a constant currency in both periods and purchase accounting adjustments related to revenue recognition in 2019.
Net revenue in North America for 2020 totaled $127.4 million. Net revenue in North America was $81.8 million in the Successor Period and $50.1 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period for a combined $131.9 million in 2019. Net revenue in North America decreased $4.5 million, or 3.4% attributable to a decline in cushioning and void-fill volumes, partially offset by an increase in wrapping sales. Pro forma net revenue in North America was $127.4 million for 2020, a $5.0 million, or 3.8%, decrease from pro forma net revenue in North America of $132.4 million for 2019 after purchase accounting adjustments.
Net revenue in Europe/Asia for 2020 totaled $170.8 million. Net revenue in Europe/Asia was $81.3 million in the Successor Period and $56.3 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined $137.6 million in 2019. Net revenue in Europe/Asia increased $33.2 million or 24.1% driven primarily by growth in wrapping, void-fill, and cushioning sales. Pro forma net revenue in Europe/Asia was $171.5 million for 2020, a $26.5 million, or 18.3%, increase from pro forma net revenue of $145.0 million for 2019 after purchase accounting adjustments and adjusting for constant currency.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for 2020 totaled $175.6 million. Cost of goods sold was $97.4 million in the Successor Period and $61.2 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined $158.6 million in 2019. Cost of goods sold increased $17.0 million or 10.7% due to increases in sales year over year and higher depreciation expense of $7.6 million due to the Ranpak Business Combination fair value adjustments, an increase in non-recurring operating costs in automation, offset by a decrease in the price of paper. Pro forma cost of goods sold increased by $17.3 million, or 10.9%, to $175.9 million in 2020 from $158.6 million for 2019 after adjusting to a constant currency in both periods and purchase accounting adjustments of $2.1 million for 2019. As a result, on a pro forma basis, net revenue minus cost of goods sold as a percentage of net revenue decreased by 1.6 pp to 41.2% in 2020 from 42.8% for 2019.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses for 2020 was $72.5 million. SG&A was $37.7 million in the Successor Period and $23.8 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined $61.5 million in 2019. SG&A expenses increased $11.0 million or 17.9% due to severance costs, non-cash equity compensation costs, increased support of growth initiatives, and increased costs associated with being a public company. Pro forma SG&A expenses increased by $17.3 million, or 31.1%, to $72.9 million in 2020 from $55.6 million for 2019 after adjusting to a constant currency in both periods. As a percentage of pro forma net revenue, pro forma SG&A increased to 24.4% in 2020 from 20.0% in 2019 on a constant currency basis.
Transaction Costs
We incurred transaction costs of $2.2 million associated with the Warrant Exchange and other transactions in 2020. We incurred approximately $0.3 million in the Successor Period and $7.4 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period for a combined $7.7 million associated with the Ranpak Business Combination.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses for 2020 were $31.5 million. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $17.2 million in the Successor Period and $17.7 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined $34.9 million in 2019. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased $3.4 million, or 9.7% due to the Ranpak Business Combination fair value adjustments, their related amortizable lives and changes in currency rates. Pro forma depreciation and amortization expenses decreased by $3.1 million, or 8.9%, to $31.7 million in 2020 from $34.8 million for 2019 on a constant currency basis. As a percentage of pro forma net revenue, pro forma depreciation and amortization expenses decreased to 10.6% in 2020 from 12.5% in 2019 on a constant currency basis.
Other Operating Expense, Net
Other operating expense, net for 2020 was $4.7 million. Other operating expense, net was $2.4 million in the Successor Period and $2.2 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined $4.6 million in 2019, nearly flat to the current year. Pro forma other operating expense, net, was $5.0 million in 2020 and 2019 on a constant currency basis. As a percentage of pro forma net revenue, pro forma other operating expense, net, decreased to 1.7% in 2020 from 1.8% in 2019 on a constant currency basis.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for 2020 was $30.2 million. Interest expense was $27.3 million in the Successor Period and $20.2 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined $47.5 million in 2019. Interest expense decreased $17.3 million, or 36.4%. Interest expense decreased due to decreased debt levels and lower interest rates, as well as transaction-related expenses in June 2019 and December 2019, which included a write-off of deferred financing fees and the termination of an interest rate swap. Interest expense in 2020 also includes the $8.2 million Exit Payment (defined herein, refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 for further information). Pro forma interest expense decreased by $5.8 million, or 16.2%, to $30.1 million in 2020 compared to $35.9 million for 2019 on a constant currency basis. As a percentage of pro forma net revenue, pro forma interest expense decreased to 10.1% in 2020 from 12.9% in 2019.
Foreign Currency (Gain) Loss
Foreign currency loss for 2020 was $6.1 million. Foreign currency loss was $0.7 million in the Successor Period and foreign currency gain was $2.2 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined gain of $1.5 million in 2019. Foreign currency loss increased $7.6 million due to favorable movements in Euro exchange rates, as well as the net impact of the re-measurement of Ranpak’s Euro-denominated term facility and its Euro-denominated intercompany note to a Dutch subsidiary in the Predecessor periods. Pro forma foreign currency loss was $6.2 million in 2020 compared to a gain of $1.5 million for 2019 on a constant currency basis. As a percentage of pro forma net revenue, pro forma foreign currency (gain) loss decreased to 2.1% in 2020 from 0.5% in 2019.
Income Tax Benefit
Income tax benefit for 2020 was $1.2 million, or an effective tax rate of 6.2%. Income tax benefit was $2.7 million in the Successor Period and $4.9 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined benefit of $7.6 million in 2019. The fluctuation in the effective tax rate between periods was primarily attributable to a jurisdictional mix of income between periods and discrete tax expense of $1.3 million recorded in the third quarter of 2020. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate due primarily to benefits derived from the U.S. foreign derived intangible income deduction, tax credits available in the United States, and income in foreign jurisdictions that are taxed at different rates than the U.S. statutory tax rate.
Net Loss
Net loss for 2020 was $23.4 million. Net loss was $17.2 million in the Successor Period and $19.0 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, for a combined net loss of $36.2 million in 2019. Net loss decreased $12.8 million, or 35.4%. Pro forma net loss was $23.4 million in 2020 compared to pro forma net loss of $11.0 million for 2019 on a constant currency basis. The change was primarily due to the reasons discussed above.
EBITDA and AEBITDA
EBITDA for 2020 was $67.9 million compared to a combined $84.5 million in 2019. Adjusting for transaction costs associated with the Ranpak Business Combination, constant currency and other one-time costs, pro forma AEBITDA for 2020 totaled $93.7 million, an increase of $6.4 million, or 7.3% on a constant currency basis from $87.3 million in 2019.
Comparison of 2019 to 2018
Discussions of 2018 items and full year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Report can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2019.
Presentation and Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
As noted above, we believe that in order to better understand the performance of the Company, providing non-GAAP financial measures to users of our financial information is helpful. Ranpak believes presentation of these non-GAAP measures is useful because they are many of the key measures that allow management to evaluate more effectively its operating performance and compare the results of its operations from period to period and against its peers without regard to financing methods or capital structure. Management does not consider these non-GAAP measures in isolation or as an alternative to similar financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Additionally, as a result of the Ranpak Business Combination, we believe that users of our financial information will find that non-GAAP, pro forma data is useful when comparing the current and prior periods. The computations of EBITDA and AEBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to, or more meaningful than, measures of financial performance as determined in accordance with GAAP or as indicators of operating performance.
The following tables and related notes reconcile certain non-GAAP measures including the non-GAAP pro forma measures, to GAAP information presented in this Report for 2020 and 2019:
Successor
Year Ended December 31, 2020
As reported
Adjustments(6)
Non-GAAP Pro Forma
Net revenue
$
298.2
$
0.7
$
298.9
Cost of goods sold
175.6
0.3
175.9
Gross profit
122.6
0.4
123.0
Selling, general and administrative expenses
72.5
0.4
72.9
Transaction costs
2.2
-
2.2
Depreciation and amortization expense
31.5
0.2
31.7
Other operating expense, net
4.7
-
4.7
Income from operations
11.7
(0.2
)
11.5
Interest expense
30.2
(0.1
)
30.1
Foreign currency loss
6.1
0.1
6.2
Loss before income tax benefit
(24.6
)
(0.2
)
(24.8
)
Income tax benefit
(1.2
)
(0.2
)
(1.4
)
Net loss
$
(23.4
)
$
(0.0
)
(23.4
)
Add(4):
Depreciation and amortization expense - COS
31.1
Depreciation and amortization expense - D&A
31.6
Interest expense
30.1
Income tax benefit
(1.5
)
EBITDA
67.9
Adjustments(5):
Unrealized (gain) loss translation
5.9
Constant currency
(0.3
)
Non-cash impairment losses
2.5
M&A, restructuring, severance
5.9
Amortization of restricted stock units
7.2
Warrant Exchange and transaction costs
2.2
Other non-core and non-cash adjustments
2.4
AEBITDA
$
93.7
Successor
Predecessor
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
Year Ended December 31, 2019
As reported
As reported
Combined
Adjustments(6)
Non-GAAP Pro Forma
Net revenue
$
163.1
$
106.4
$
269.5
$
7.9
(1)
$
277.4
Cost of goods sold
97.4
61.2
158.6
-
(2)
158.6
Gross profit
65.7
45.2
110.9
7.9
118.8
Selling, general and administrative expenses
37.7
23.8
61.5
(5.9
)
55.6
Transaction costs
0.3
7.4
7.7
(7.7
)
-
Depreciation and amortization expense
17.2
17.7
34.9
(0.1
)
34.8
Other operating expense, net
2.4
2.2
4.6
0.4
5.0
Income (loss) from operations
8.1
(5.9
)
2.2
21.2
23.4
Interest expense
27.3
20.2
47.5
(11.6
)
35.9
Foreign currency (gain) loss
0.7
(2.2
)
(1.5
)
-
(1.5
)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
(19.9
)
(23.9
)
(43.8
)
32.8
(11.0
)
Income tax benefit
(2.7
)
(4.9
)
(7.6
)
7.6
(3)
-
Net loss
$
(17.2
)
$
(19.0
)
$
(36.2
)
$
25.2
(11.0
)
Add(4):
Depreciation and amortization expense - COS
24.8
Depreciation and amortization expense - D&A
34.8
Interest expense
35.9
Income tax benefit
-
EBITDA
84.5
Adjustments(5):
Unrealized (gain) loss translation
(1.5
)
Non-cash impairment losses
2.5
Amortization of restricted stock units
1.7
Contingent liability adjustment
(1.2
)
Other non-core and non-cash adjustments
1.3
AEBITDA
$
87.3
Non-GAAP Pro Forma
Year Ended December 31,
$ Change
% Change
Net revenue
$
298.9
$
277.4
$
21.5
7.8
Cost of goods sold
175.9
158.6
17.3
10.9
Gross profit
123.0
118.8
4.2
3.5
Selling, general and administrative expenses
72.9
55.6
17.3
31.1
Transaction costs
2.2
-
2.2
-
Depreciation and amortization expense
31.7
34.8
(3.1
)
(8.9
)
Other operating expense, net
4.7
5.0
(0.3
)
(6.0
)
Income from operations
11.5
23.4
(11.9
)
(50.9
)
Interest expense
30.1
35.9
(5.8
)
(16.2
)
Foreign currency (gain) loss
6.2
(1.5
)
7.7
(513.3
)
Loss before income tax benefit
(24.8
)
(11.0
)
(13.8
)
125.5
Income tax benefit
(1.4
)
-
(1.4
)
-
Net loss
(23.4
)
(11.0
)
(12.4
)
112.7
Add(4):
Depreciation and amortization expense - COS
31.1
24.8
6.3
25.4
Depreciation and amortization expense - D&A
31.6
34.8
(3.2
)
(9.2
)
Interest expense
30.1
35.9
(5.8
)
(16.2
)
Income tax benefit
(1.5
)
-
(1.5
)
-
EBITDA
67.9
84.5
(16.6
)
(19.6
)
Adjustments(5):
Unrealized (gain) loss translation
5.9
(1.5
)
7.4
(493.3
)
Constant currency
(0.3
)
-
(0.3
)
-
Non-cash impairment losses
2.5
2.5
-
-
M&A, restructuring, severance
5.9
-
5.9
-
Amortization of restricted stock units
7.2
1.7
5.5
323.5
Warrant Exchange and transaction costs
2.2
-
2.2
-
Contingent liability adjustment
-
(1.2
)
1.2
(100.0
)
Other non-core and non-cash adjustments
2.4
1.3
1.1
84.6
AEBITDA
$
93.7
$
87.3
$
6.4
7.3
(see subsequent footnotes)
(1)
Adjust for percentage of completion revenue recognition change.
(2)
Adjust for percentage of completion revenue recognition change for cost of sales.
(3)
Adjust tax provision at 21.0% corporate rate for items adjusted above.
(4)
Reconciliations of EBITDA and AEBITDA for each period presented are to net (loss) income, the nearest GAAP equivalent, and accordingly include the adjustments shown in the “Adj.” column to net (loss) income of each table.
(5)
Adjustments are related to non-recurring costs such as: unrealized non-cash (gains) losses on translation of the Predecessor debt, private equity monitoring fees, non-cash (gain) loss on the disposal of machines, acquisition costs, severance and a revenue recognition adjustment related to e3neo acquisition. Certain costs related to being a public company, such as additional staff, legal and accounting costs that were not included in the Predecessor are also included in AEBITDA.
(6)
Effect of Euro constant currency adjustment to a rate of $1.15 U.S. Dollar to €1.00 as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Net revenue
$
0.7
$
3.8
Cost of goods sold
0.3
2.2
Gross profit
0.4
1.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses
0.4
0.8
Transaction costs
-
-
Depreciation and amortization expense
0.2
0.4
Other operating expense (income), net
-
0.4
Income (loss) from operations
(0.2
)
-
Interest expense
(0.1
)
0.2
Foreign currency loss
0.1
-
Loss before income tax benefit
(0.2
)
(0.2
)
Income tax benefit
(0.2
)
-
Net income (loss)
$
(0.0
)
$
(0.2
)
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations, including working capital needs, capital expenditures, debt service, acquisitions, other commitments and contractual obligations. We evaluate liquidity in terms of cash flows from operations and other sources and the sufficiency of such cash flows to fund our operating, investing, and financing activities.
We believe that our estimated cash from operations together with borrowing capacity under the revolving portion of the Facilities will provide us with sufficient resources to cover our current requirements. We may also, from time to time, seek to access the equity markets, if appropriate. Our main liquidity needs relate to capital expenditures and expenses for the production and maintenance of protective packaging systems placed at end-user facilities, working capital, including the purchase of paper raw materials, and payments of principal and interest on our outstanding debt. We expect our capital expenditures to increase as we continue to grow our business. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, and if we are unable to obtain needed additional funds, we may have to reduce our operating costs or incur additional debt, which could impair our growth prospects and/or otherwise negatively impact our business. Further, volatility in the equity and credit markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could make obtaining new equity or debt financing more difficult or expensive.
We had $48.5 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2020 and $19.7 million as of December 31, 2019. Excluding deferred financing costs, we had $439.8 million in debt, $1.7 million of which was classified as short-term, as of December 31, 2020, compared to $428.2 million in debt, $1.6 million of which was classified as short-term, as of December 31, 2019. In December 2019, we closed a public offering of our Class A common stock generating net proceeds of approximately $107.7 million that was used to pay down long-term debt. At December 31, 2020, we did not have amounts outstanding under our $45.0 million revolving credit facility, and we had no borrowings under such facility through March 4, 2021.
Debt Profile
Ranpak’s previous credit facilities were repaid in connection with the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination, and were replaced with the following facilities: (i) a $378.2 million dollar-denominated first lien term facility (the “First Lien Dollar Term Facility”) and a €140.0 million euro-denominated first lien term facility (the “First Lien Euro Term Facility” and, together with the First Lien Dollar Term Facility, the “First Lien Term Facility”), and (ii) a $45.0 million revolving facility (together, the “New Credit Facilities”). The material terms of the New Credit Facilities are summarized in Note 11, “Long-Term Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Debt Before the Ranpak Business Combination
Prior to the Ranpak Business Combination, the Company had two first lien credit facilities, a United States Dollar Tranche (“US$ Tranche”) and a Euro Tranche (“Euro Tranche”), a revolving credit facility and a second lien credit facility. The first lien credit facilities included: (i) a seven-year Term Loan (US$ Tranche) facility in the amount of $233.4 million, (ii) a seven-year Term Loan (Euro Tranche) facility in the amount of €157.0 million, and (iii) a five-year $30.0 million revolving credit facility, of which the equivalent of $13.0 million may be denominated in Euros (collectively, the “Old Credit Facilities”). In March 2017, Ranpak raised $45 million of incremental First Lien (US$ Tranche) debt and used the proceeds to pay down a portion of the Second Lien (US$ Tranche), the results of which saved Ranpak 400 basis points on the applicable interest rate on $45 million of its outstanding debt. Borrowings under the US$ Tranche bore interest in an amount based on either the Adjusted Eurodollar rate (the greater of 1.00% or LIBOR) plus 3.25% or a Base Rate plus 2.75% (the higher of the Federal Funds effective rate plus ½ of 1%, prime, or the Adjusted Eurodollar rate plus 1%). Borrowings under the Euro Tranche bore interest in an amount based on the Adjusted EURIBOR rate (the
greater of 1.00% or EURIBOR) plus 3.25%. Interest on LIBOR and EURIBOR rate loans were payable at the end of the applicable interest periods.
Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bore interest in an amount based on either the base rate or Adjusted Eurodollar rate plus a variable margin that is dependent on the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio. The first lien credit facilities were secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets. Principal payments on the first lien term loan facilities were due quarterly and were based on 1% of the annual outstanding balances. Additionally, per the credit agreement, Ranpak was required to make additional annual pre-payments, based on consolidated excess cash flow calculation results.
The second lien credit facility was an eight-year US$ Tranche in the amount of $135.0 million. Borrowings under the US$ Tranche bore interest in an amount based on either the Adjusted Eurodollar rate (the greater of 1.00% or LIBOR) plus 7.25% or a base rate plus 6.25%. The second lien credit agreement was secured by a second priority security interest in substantially all of Ranpak’s assets and includes default provisions and contained a covenant similar to the first lien credit facility described above.
The Old Credit Facilities were repaid in full upon the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination and replaced with the New Credit Facilities.
Debt After the Ranpak Business Combination
In connection with the stock purchase agreement related to the Ranpak Business Combination, One Madison obtained a debt commitment letter (as amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “debt commitment letter”), pursuant to which the Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC and certain affiliated investment entities thereof (collectively, the “Lenders”) committed to provide senior secured credit facilities to, in part, (i) fund the Ranpak Business Combination, (ii) repay and terminate the existing indebtedness of Ranpak (the “debt refinancing”) and (iii) pay all fees, premiums, expenses and other transaction costs incurred in connection with the foregoing. The aggregate commitment of the senior secured credit facilities consists of a $289.2 million dollar-denominated first lien term facility and a €140.0 million euro-denominated first lien term facility (with the ability to reduce the dollar-denominated first lien term facility and correspondingly increase the euro-denominated first lien term facility in an amount of up to €60.0 million), a $45.0 million revolving facility (including the right to bring in additional lenders to provide commitments with respect to the revolving facility in an amount of up to $30.0 million and additional borrowing capacity available for letters of credit in an amount of up to $5.0 million), a $100.0 million first lien contingency term facility and a $100.0 million second lien contingency term facility. Upon the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination, the New Credit Facilities became the direct obligations of certain subsidiaries of Ranpak (collectively, the “borrowers”) and were secured by substantially all of Ranpak’s assets.
Each of the First Lien Term Facility, and the first lien contingency term facility accrue interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.75% (assuming a first lien net leverage ratio of less than 5.00:1.00). The second lien contingency term facility accrues interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 7.50%. No amounts have been drawn on under the second lien contingency. The first lien term facility and first lien contingency term facility mature on the seventh anniversary of the date of the closing of the Ranpak Business Combination, June 3, 2026. The revolving facility matures on the fifth anniversary of the date of the Closing June 3, 2024. The second lien contingency term facility matures on the eighth anniversary of the date of the Closing, June 3, 2027 but was not available for us to borrow against at December 31, 2020.
The revolving facility includes borrowing capacity available for letters of credit of up to $5 million. Any issuance of letters of credit will reduce the amount available under the revolving facility.
In addition, the debt financing provides the borrowers with the option to increase commitments under the debt financing in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of $95 million and 100% of trailing-twelve months consolidated EBITDA, plus any voluntary prepayments of the debt financing (and, in the case of the revolving facility, to the extent such voluntary prepayments are accompanied by permanent commitment reductions under the revolving facility), plus unlimited amounts subject to the relevant net leverage ratio tests and certain other conditions.
The obligations of the borrowers under the debt financing and certain of their respective obligations under hedging arrangements and cash management arrangements are unconditionally guaranteed by the direct parent of each borrower and each existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S. or Dutch restricted subsidiary (collectively, the “guarantors”), in each case, other than certain excluded subsidiaries and subject to other customary limitations set forth in the definitive documentation with respect to the debt financing. The debt financing is secured by a security interest in substantially all of the assets of the borrowers and the guarantors (and including a pledge of the equity interests of each borrower and of each guarantor and of their respective direct, wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries), in each case subject to customary exceptions.
The revolving facility requires the borrowers to maintain a maximum first lien net leverage ratio 9.10:1.00 based on the amount of the initial first lien term loans under the debt financing actually borrowed on the closing date based on providing at least a 35% cushion to consolidated EBITDA for the most recent four fiscal quarter periods ending prior to the date of the closing. This “springing” financial covenant is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter, but only if on such date the sum of (i) the principal amount of outstanding revolving loans under the revolving facility, (ii) drawings on letters of credit under the revolving facility and (iii) the face amount of non-cash collateralized letters of credit under the revolving facility in excess of an amount to be set forth in the definitive documentation with respect to the debt financing exceeds 35% of the total revolving commitments under the revolving facility.
The senior secured credit facilities also contain a number of customary negative covenants. Such covenants, among other things, will limit or restrict the ability of each of the borrowers, their restricted subsidiaries, and where applicable, the direct parent holding companies of the borrowers, to:
•
incur additional indebtedness, issue disqualified stock and make guarantees;
•
incur liens on assets;
•
engage in mergers or consolidations or fundamental changes;
•
sell assets;
•
pay dividends and distributions or repurchase capital stock;
•
make investments, loans and advances, including acquisitions;
•
amend organizational documents;
•
enter into certain agreements that would restrict the ability to pay dividends;
•
repay certain junior indebtedness;
•
engage in transactions with affiliates; and
•
in the case of the direct parent holding companies of the borrowers, engage in activities other than passively holding the equity interests in the borrowers.
The aforementioned restrictions are subject to certain exceptions including (i) the ability to incur additional indebtedness, liens, investments, dividends and distributions, and prepayments of junior indebtedness subject, in each case, to compliance with certain financial metrics and certain other conditions and (ii) a number of other traditional exceptions that grant the borrowers continued flexibility to operate and develop their businesses. The senior secured credit facilities also contain certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default.
Under the First Lien Term Facility agreement, our lower leverage ratio at December 31, 2020 requires us to pay our lenders an $8.2 million exit payment fee (the “Exit Payment”), which we expect to pay in the first quarter of 2021.
Amendment to First Lien Credit Facilities
On February 14, 2020, Ranger Packaging LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“U.S. Borrower”), Ranpak B.V., a private limited liability company under the laws of the Netherlands (the “Dutch Borrower”; the U.S. Borrower and the Dutch Borrower, the “Borrowers”), Ranger Pledgor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), certain other subsidiaries of Holdings, certain lenders party to Amendment No. 1 (as defined below) and Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC (the “Administrative Agent”) entered into the Amendment No. 1 to First Lien Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”) to amend the New Credit Facilities.
Among other things, the Amendment No. 1 amends the New Credit Facilities such that (x) the requirement of the Borrowers to apply a percentage of excess cash flow to mandatorily prepay term loans under the New Credit Facilities commences with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 (instead of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020) and (y) the aggregate amount per fiscal year of capital stock of any parent company of the U.S. Borrower that is held by directors, officers, management, employees, independent contractors or consultants of the U.S. Borrower (or any parent company or subsidiary thereof) that the U.S. Borrower may repurchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire or retire for value has been increased to the greater of $10,000,000 and 10% of Consolidated AEBITDA (as defined in the New Credit Facilities) (increased from the greater of $7,000,000 and 7% of Consolidated AEBITDA) as of the last day of the most recently ended quarter for which financial statements have been delivered.
Borrower Assumption Agreement
On July 1, 2020, in the following order, (i) Rack Holdings Inc. merged with and into Ranger Packaging LLC, with Ranger Packaging LLC as the surviving entity of such merger and (ii) Ranger Packaging LLC merged with and into Ranpak Corp., with Ranpak Corp. as the surviving entity of such merger (clauses (i) and (ii) collectively, the “Reorganization”). Contemporaneously with the Reorganization, Ranger Packaging LLC, Ranpak Corp., Ranger Pledgor LLC, certain other subsidiaries of Ranger Pledgor LLC and Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC entered into the Borrower Assumption Agreement whereby, among other things, Ranpak Corp. assumed all obligations, liabilities and rights of Ranger Packaging LLC as the “U.S. Borrower” under the New Credit Facilities.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth Ranpak’s summary cash flow information for the periods indicated:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019
January 1, 2019
- December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
63.8
$
9.6
$
16.7
Net cash used in investing activities
(34.5
)
(657.1
)
(10.8
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(1.6
)
665.4
(14.4
)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash
1.1
0.1
1.2
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
28.8
18.0
(7.3
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of period
19.7
1.7
17.5
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period
$
48.5
$
19.7
$
10.2
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $63.8 million in 2020. Cash used in operating activities in the Successor Period of $9.6 million and cash provided by operating activities in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period of $16.7 million combined for $26.3 million in cash provided by operating activities in 2019. The changes in operating cash flows are due to cash earnings and increases in the changes in working capital. The $8.2 million Exit Payment is included in operating activities.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $34.5 million in 2020. Cash used in investing activities in the Successor Period of $657.1 million and $10.8 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period combined for $667.9 million in cash used by investing activities in 2019. The changes are predominantly due to cash used for the Ranpak Business Combination and capital expenditures related to our protective packaging systems, as well as cash used in an acquisition of intangible assets.
Cash Flows Provided (Used in) by Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $1.6 million in 2020 and reflects payment of debt. Net cash provided by financing activities in the Successor Period of $665.4 million and cash used in financing activities in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period of $14.4 million combined for $651.0 million in cash provided by financing activities in 2019, primarily related to the debt and stock transactions relative to the Ranpak Business Combination.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
Ranpak has leased production facilities in Reno, Nevada; Kansas City, Missouri; and Raleigh, North Carolina in the United States and in Nyrany, Czech Republic, as well as several leased sales and administrative offices. The leases for the four leased production facilities expire in September 2023, July 2025, December 2024 and April 2026, respectively. Ranpak recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the relevant lease period.
Ranpak has various contractual obligations and commercial commitments that are recorded as liabilities in its audited consolidated financial statements. Other items, such as purchase obligations and other executory contracts, are not recognized as liabilities, but are required to be disclosed. The table below presents Ranpak’s significant enforceable and legally binding obligations and future commitments as of December 31, 2020.
Payments due by Period
Total
Less than 1 Year
1-3 Years
3-5 Years
More than 5 Years
Contractual Obligations
Credit Facilities(1)
$
439.8
$
1.7
$
3.4
$
3.4
$
431.3
Operating Leases
8.5
2.8
3.7
1.8
0.2
Capital Lease Obligations
0.3
0.2
0.1
-
-
Other non-current liabilities reflected on the registrant's balance sheet under GAAP(2)
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
Total
$
449.3
$
4.8
$
7.3
$
5.5
$
431.7
(1) Consists of cash obligations under the First Lien Term Facility, which are described in more detail in Note 11, "Long-Term Debt" in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Interest payments on the First Lien Term Facility are calculated quarterly using variable interest rates based on market indices and, as a result, are not readily determinable for this analysis.
(2) Asset retirement obligation. See Note 17, "Asset Retirement Obligation" in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail.
Ranpak does not have any other material contractually binding obligations to make cash payments. While Ranpak enters into agreements, generally annually, to fix the supplier price for the purchase of paper raw materials, none of these agreements provide for minimum purchase volumes.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Ranpak did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020.
Critical Accounting Policies
The accounting principles followed by Ranpak and the methods of applying these principles are in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which often require the judgment of management in the selection and application of certain accounting principles and methods. Ranpak considers the following accounting policies to be critical to understanding its financial statements because the application of these policies requires significant judgment on the part of management, which could have a material impact on Ranpak’s financial statements. The following accounting policies include estimates that require management’s subjective or complex judgments about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. For information on Ranpak’s significant accounting policies, including the policies discussed below, see Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Revenue Recognition. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when the Company transfers control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer’s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all of the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable and the Company no longer has an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.
The Company sells its products to end-users primarily through an established distributor network and direct sales to select end-users. The Company’s protective packaging solutions fall into four broad categories: Void-Fill, Cushioning, Wrapping, and End-of-Line Automation. The Void-Fill protective systems convert paper to fill empty spaces in secondary packages and protect objects. The Cushioning protective systems convert paper into cushioning pads. The Wrapping protective systems create pads or paper mesh to securely wrap and protect fragile items as well as to line boxes and provide separation when shipping multiple objects.
Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid. Our rebate accruals are reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted to reflect data available at that time. We adjust the accruals to reflect any differences between estimated and actual amounts. These adjustments impact the amount of net revenue recognized by us in the period of adjustment. Charges for rebates and other allowances were approximately 10.9%, 11.3%, and 11.3% of revenue in 2020, Successor Period and the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, respectively. Refer to Note 8, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” of the Notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion of revenue.
The Company recognizes incremental costs to fulfill a contract as an asset if such incremental costs are expected to be recovered, relate directly to a contract or anticipated contract, and generate or enhance resources that will be used to satisfy performance obligations in the future.
The Company recognizes incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. For example, the Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the contract term is less than one year. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.
Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, net. Goodwill represents the excess of the total purchase consideration over the fair value of the underlying net assets, largely arising from the assembled workforce, new customers and the replacement of customer and technology attrition. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested for impairment annually as of October 1, through a qualitative or quantitative assessment and when events and circumstances indicate that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit may no longer exceed its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of patents, customer/distributor relationships, and trademarks. We amortize finite lived identifiable assets over the shorter of their stated or statutory duration or their estimated useful lives, generally ranging from 10 to 15 years, on a straight-line basis and periodically review them for impairment. Trademarks are accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets and, accordingly, are not subject to amortization.
We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. See Note 9, “Goodwill, Long-Lived and Identifiable Intangible Assets, net” of the Notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, except goodwill, an impairment loss is indicated when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset group are not sufficient to recover the unamortized balance of the asset group. If indicators exist, the loss is measured as the excess of carrying value over the asset groups’ fair value, as determined based on discounted future cash flows, asset appraisals or market values of similar assets.
See Note 5, “Property, Plant and Equipment” of the Notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.
Derivative Financial Instruments. The Company uses derivatives as part of the normal business operations to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates associated with variable interest rate debt. The Company has established policies and procedures that govern the risk management of these exposures. The primary objective in managing these exposures is to decrease the volatility of cash flows affected by changes in interest rates.
We use interest rate swap contracts to manage interest rate exposures. Derivatives are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. If a derivative is deemed to be ineffective, the change in fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. The changes in the fair values of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized directly in earnings, as a component of interest expense. Prior to September 25, 2019, the Company did not apply hedge accounting to its outstanding interest rate swap, and changes in fair value were recorded directly to interest expense.
See Note 12, “Derivative Instruments,” of the Notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.
Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.
The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) on the basis of a two-step process in which (i) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
For recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

---

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
Changes in interest rates affect the amount of interest income we earn on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and the amount of interest expense we pay on borrowings under the floating rate portions of our credit facilities. We use fixed interest rate swap agreements to manage this exposure. These derivative instruments are reported at fair value in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in other comprehensive income. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current earnings. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional value. The gain or loss on the interest rate swap is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Refer to Note 11, “Long-Term Debt” and Note 12, “Derivative Instruments” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report for additional information on our indebtedness and interest rate swap agreements
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in the applicable base interest rates under our credit facilities would have resulted in a $4.4 million impact on our cash interest expense in 2020.
On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. It is expected that most, if not all, banks currently reporting information to set LIBOR will stop doing so at such time, which could either cause LIBOR publication to stop immediately or cause LIBOR’s regulator to announce the discontinuation of its publication (and, during any such transition period, LIBOR may perform differently than in the past).
On November 30, 2020, ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”), the administrator of LIBOR, with the support of the United States Federal Reserve and the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, announced plans to consult on ceasing publication of USD LIBOR on December 31, 2021 for only the one week and two month USD LIBOR tenors, and on June 30, 2023 for all other USD LIBOR tenors. While this announcement extends the transition period to June 2023, the United States Federal Reserve concurrently issued a statement advising banks to stop new USD LIBOR issuances by the end of 2021
These reforms may also result in new methods of calculating LIBOR to be established, or alternative reference rates to be established. For example, in the U.S., a group convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, called the Alternative Reference Rate Committee (“ARRC”) and comprised of a diverse set of private sector entities, has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative rate for the U.S. LIBOR and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has begun publishing SOFR daily, and central banks in several other jurisdictions have also announced plans for alternative reference rates for other currencies. The potential consequences of these changes cannot be fully predicted and could have an adverse impact on Ranpak’s interest payment obligations under the New Credit Facilities and related interest rate swaps.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to our transactions and subsidiaries’ balances that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our functional currency. See “-Factors Affecting the Comparability of Ranpak’s Results of Operations - Effect of Currency Fluctuations” in Item 7 previously for more information about Ranpak’s foreign currency exchange rate exposure. We seek to naturally hedge our foreign exchange transaction exposure by matching the transaction currencies for our
cash inflows and outflows and maintaining access to credit in the principal currencies in which we conduct business. Currently, we do not hedge our foreign exchange transaction or translation exposure but may consider doing so in the future.
For 2020, net revenue denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars amounted to $170.8 million or 57.3% of our net revenue for the period. Substantially all of this amount was denominated in Euro. A 10% increase or decrease in the value of the Euro to the U.S. dollar would have caused our reported net revenue for 2020 to increase or decrease by approximately $17.1 million.
Commodity Price Risk
While our business is significantly impacted by price fluctuations related to the purchase, production and sale of paper products, we are not directly exposed to market price fluctuations in paper purchase or sale prices as we negotiate prices with suppliers on an annual basis and negotiate prices with distributors reflecting competitive market terms. Our strategy has generally been to obtain competitive prices for our products and services and allow operating results to reflect market price movements dictated by supply and demand.

---

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The following consolidated financial statements are filed as part of this Report.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Successor - for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 and the Period June 3, 2019 through December 31, 2019
Predecessor - for the Period January 1, 2019 through June 2, 2019 and Year Ended December 31, 2018
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity:
Successor - for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 and the Period June 3, 2019 through December 31, 2019
Predecessor - for the Period January 1, 2019 through June 2, 2019 and Year Ended December 31, 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
Successor - for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 and the Period June 3, 2019 through December 31, 2019
Predecessor - for the Period January 1, 2019 through June 2, 2019 and Year Ended December 31, 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ranpak Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Successor), the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2020 (Successor), the period from June 3, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), the period from January 1, 2019 to June 2, 2019 (Predecessor), and the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor), and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Successor), and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020 (Successor), the period from June 3, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), the period from January 1, 2019 to June 2, 2019 (Predecessor), and the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor), in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
March 4, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
- December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Paper revenue
$
250.7
$
136.5
$
88.8
$
218.1
Machine lease revenue
39.6
22.5
14.4
38.7
Other revenue
7.9
4.1
3.2
11.1
Net revenue
298.2
163.1
106.4
267.9
Cost of goods sold
175.6
97.4
61.2
153.3
Gross profit
122.6
65.7
45.2
114.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses
72.5
37.7
23.8
53.2
Transaction costs
2.2
0.3
7.4
3.3
Depreciation and amortization expense
31.5
17.2
17.7
43.2
Other operating expense, net
4.7
2.4
2.2
3.9
Income (loss) from operations
11.7
8.1
(5.9
)
11.0
Interest expense
30.2
27.3
20.2
30.9
Foreign currency (gain) loss
6.1
0.7
(2.2
)
(4.2
)
Loss before income tax benefit
(24.6
)
(19.9
)
(23.9
)
(15.7
)
Income tax benefit
(1.2
)
(2.7
)
(4.9
)
(7.1
)
Net loss
$
(23.4
)
$
(17.2
)
$
(19.0
)
$
(8.6
)
Loss per share
-
-
$
(19,195.40
)
$
(8,697.61
)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
-
-
Two-class method
Loss per share
Basic
$
(0.32
)
$
(0.31
)
-
-
Diluted
$
(0.32
)
$
(0.31
)
-
-
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - Class A and C
Basic
72,434,802
55,392,201
-
-
Diluted
72,434,802
55,392,201
-
-
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments
$
16.2
$
1.7
$
(4.0
)
$
(7.4
)
Interest rate swap adjustments
(11.3
)
1.4
-
-
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
4.9
3.1
(4.0
)
(7.4
)
Benefit from income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss)
(2.4
)
(0.3
)
-
-
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
7.3
3.4
(4.0
)
(7.4
)
Comprehensive loss, net of tax
$
(16.1
)
$
(13.8
)
$
(23.0
)
$
(16.0
)
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions, except share data)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$
48.5
$
19.7
Accounts receivable, net
39.1
36.1
Inventories, net
16.1
11.6
Income tax receivable
0.1
1.5
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
3.4
2.5
Total current assets
107.2
71.4
Property, plant and equipment, net
124.4
122.5
Goodwill
458.4
448.8
Intangible assets, net
440.6
458.6
Other assets
2.9
3.1
Total assets
$
1,133.5
$
1,104.4
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$
24.9
$
12.3
Accrued liabilities and other
30.7
15.5
Current portion of long-term debt
0.5
1.6
Deferred machine fee revenue
1.4
2.5
Total current liabilities
57.5
31.9
Long-term debt
432.7
418.8
Deferred tax liabilities
109.6
115.0
Derivative instruments
9.6
4.6
Other liabilities
1.2
2.3
Total liabilities
610.6
572.6
Commitments and contingencies - Note 18
Shareholders' equity
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par, 200,000,000 shares
authorized at December 31, 2020 and 2019
Shares issued and outstanding: 69,005,059 and 64,293,741
at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
-
-
Class C common stock, $0.0001 par, 200,000,000 shares
authorized at December 31, 2020 and 2019
Shares issued and outstanding: 6,511,293 at December 31, 2020
and December 31, 2019
-
-
Additional paid-in capital
564.7
557.5
Accumulated deficit
(52.5
)
(29.1
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
10.7
3.4
Total shareholders' equity
522.9
531.8
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
1,133.5
$
1,104.4
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
(in millions, except share data)
Ordinary Shares
Common Stock
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class C
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Additional Paid-In Capital
Accumulated Earnings (Deficit)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total
Successor
Balance at June 3, 2019
2,770,967
$
-
11,250,000
$
-
-
$
-
-
$
-
$
16.9
$
(11.9
)
$
-
$
5.0
Forward purchase shares
15,000,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Additional shares purchased
16,149,317
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Conversion of forward purchase and additional shares
(31,149,317
)
-
-
-
25,454,282
-
5,695,035
-
267.0
-
-
267.0
Shares canceled
-
-
(3,854,664
)
-
-
-
-
-
(33.0
)
-
-
(33.0
)
Convert Class B
-
-
(7,395,336
)
-
6,663,953
-
731,383
-
63.4
-
-
63.4
Convert public shares
-
-
-
-
14,581,346
-
-
-
125.0
-
-
125.0
Convert private placement warrants
-
-
-
-
658,051
-
84,875
-
6.4
-
-
6.4
Public shares redeemed
(2,770,967
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Issue Director shares
-
-
-
-
13,032
-
-
-
0.1
-
-
0.1
Amortization of restricted stock units
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.7
-
-
1.7
Stock offering
-
-
-
-
16,923,077
-
-
-
110.0
-
-
110.0
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(17.2
)
-
(17.2
)
Other comprehensive income
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.4
3.4
Balance at December 31, 2019
-
-
-
-
64,293,741
-
6,511,293
-
557.5
(29.1
)
3.4
531.8
Warrant exchange
-
-
-
-
4,422,564
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Stock-based awards vested and distributed
-
-
-
-
202,723
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Issue Director shares
-
-
-
-
86,031
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Amortization of restricted stock units
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7.2
-
-
7.2
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(23.4
)
-
(23.4
)
Other comprehensive income
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7.3
7.3
Balance at December 31, 2020
-
$
-
-
$
-
69,005,059
$
-
6,511,293
$
-
$
564.7
$
(52.5
)
$
10.7
$
522.9
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
(in millions, except share data)
Common Stock
Shares
Amount
Additional Paid-In Capital
Accumulated Earnings (Deficit)
Treasury Stock
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total
Predecessor
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
-
$
291.4
$
(61.3
)
$
(1.5
)
$
(16.2
)
$
212.4
Net loss
-
-
-
(8.6
)
-
-
(8.6
)
Other comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
-
(7.4
)
(7.4
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
-
291.4
(69.9
)
(1.5
)
(23.6
)
$
196.4
Net loss
-
-
-
(19.0
)
-
-
(19.0
)
Other comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
-
(4.0
)
(4.0
)
Purchase of Ranpak Corp.
(995
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Balance at June 2, 2019
-
$
-
$
291.4
$
(88.9
)
$
(1.5
)
$
(27.6
)
$
173.4
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions)
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
- December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss
$
(23.4
)
$
(17.2
)
$
(19.0
)
$
(8.6
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
62.7
31.7
26.6
64.5
Amortization of deferred financing costs
1.6
3.2
7.5
2.6
Loss on disposal of fixed assets
2.7
1.5
1.0
1.8
Deferred income taxes
(5.4
)
(8.0
)
(7.2
)
(14.0
)
(Gain) loss on derivative contract
-
6.8
-
(0.6
)
Amortization of initial value of hedging instrument
(1.7
)
-
-
-
Currency (gain) loss on foreign denominated debt and notes payable
6.0
0.7
(2.4
)
(4.2
)
Amortization of restricted stock units
7.2
1.7
-
-
Contingent liability related to earn-out provision
-
(1.2
)
-
2.6
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in receivables, net
0.9
(7.7
)
1.8
(2.0
)
(Increase) decrease in inventory
(4.6
)
4.5
(1.3
)
0.3
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets
(0.9
)
0.1
2.7
-
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable
10.3
(13.5
)
(2.8
)
(1.2
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities
11.1
6.7
7.1
-
Change in other assets and liabilities
(2.7
)
0.3
2.7
0.8
Net cash provided by operating activities
63.8
9.6
16.7
42.0
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Capital expenditures:
Converter equipment
(25.8
)
(16.5
)
(9.9
)
(21.8
)
Other capital expenditures
(6.5
)
(2.7
)
(0.6
)
(3.0
)
Total capital expenditures
(32.3
)
(19.2
)
(10.5
)
(24.8
)
Cash paid for acquisitions
-
(945.6
)
-
-
Assets acquired
(1.3
)
-
-
-
Cash withdrawn from trust account
-
308.1
-
-
Patent and trademark expenditures
(0.9
)
(0.4
)
(0.3
)
(0.5
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(34.5
)
(657.1
)
(10.8
)
(25.3
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of term loans and credit facility
-
534.6
-
-
Proceeds from sale of common stock
-
424.7
-
-
Shares subject to Redemption
-
(158.3
)
-
-
Financing costs of debt facilities
-
(12.6
)
-
-
Payments on term loans and credit facility
(1.6
)
(107.7
)
(14.4
)
(6.6
)
Payments of promissory note
-
(4.0
)
-
-
Payment of deferred registration costs
-
(11.3
)
-
-
Contingent liability payment
-
-
-
(1.1
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(1.6
)
665.4
(14.4
)
(7.7
)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash
1.1
0.1
1.2
(0.1
)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
28.8
18.0
(7.3
)
8.9
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of period
19.7
1.7
17.5
8.6
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period
$
48.5
$
19.7
$
10.2
$
17.5
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Note 1 - Nature of Operations
Ranpak is a leading provider of environmentally sustainable, systems-based, product protection solutions and end-of-line automation solutions for e-commerce and industrial supply chains. Through proprietary protective packaging systems and paper consumables, the Company offers a full suite of protective packaging solutions. The Company’s business is global, with a strong presence in the United States and Europe.
One Madison Corporation (“One Madison”) was originally formed as a blank check company incorporated on July 13, 2017 and was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. One Madison units, Class A ordinary shares originally sold as part of the units, and warrants originally sold as part of the units sold in the Company’s initial public offering on January 22, 2018 were listed in the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbols “OMAD.U”, “OMAD” and “OMAD.WS”, respectively. The Class A ordinary shares and warrants comprising the units began separately trading on February 26, 2018. Upon the closing of the business combination (the “Closing”) as described below, these shares and warrants that were converted as part of the transaction, began trading under the symbols “PACK” and “PACK WS,” respectively.
On June 3, 2019, the Company, consummated a business combination (the “Ranpak Business Combination”) pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 12, 2018 by and among the Company, Rack Holdings L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Seller”), and Rack Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Seller (“Rack Holdings”). The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Ranger Packaging LLC (the “Acquiring Entity”), acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Rack Holdings from Seller, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Stock Purchase Agreement. Refer to Note 10, “Acquisition” for further discussion of the Ranpak Business Combination. In connection with the Ranpak Business Combination, the Company domesticated to a Delaware corporation on May 31, 2019 and changed its name to Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and with instructions to Form 10-K and Rule 10-01 of the SEC Regulation S-X as they apply to annual financial information.
Predecessor and Successor Reporting - On June 3, 2019, the Company consummated the acquisition of all outstanding and issued equity interests of Rack Holdings, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, and now owns 100% of Rack Holdings Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Ranpak Business Combination is accounted for under the scope of ASC 805, as One Madison was deemed to be the accounting acquirer while Rack Holdings was deemed the “Predecessor.” Accordingly, the business combination is accounted for using the acquisition method which requires the Company to record the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Rack Holdings (See Note 10, “Acquisition” for further details).
The financial statements separate the Company’s presentation into distinct periods. The periods before the closing of the Ranpak Business Combination depict the financial statements of the Predecessor. All periods subsequent to June 3, 2019 after the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination depict the financial statements of the Successor. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting under the scope of ASC 805 as of the closing of the Ranpak Business Combination, the financial statements for Predecessor periods and for the Successor periods are presented on a different basis of accounting and are, therefore not comparable.
Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation and certain immaterial prior year amounts have been reclassified consistent with current year presentation. All amounts are in millions, except share and per share amounts and are approximate due to rounding.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include, among other items, assessing the collectability of receivables, asset retirement obligations, the use and recoverability of inventory, the estimation of fair value of financial instruments, the estimation of fair value of acquired assets and liabilities in a business combination and related purchase price allocation, assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, useful lives and recoverability of tangible assets and goodwill and other intangible assets, costs for incentive compensation and accruals for
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
commitments and contingencies. We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions in the consolidated financial statements in the period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material.
Revenue Recognition - Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied when the Company transfers control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. The customer’s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all of the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable and the Company no longer has an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.
The Company sells its products to end-users primarily through an established distributor network and direct sales to select end-users. The Company’s protective packaging solutions fall into four broad categories: Void-Fill, Cushioning, Wrapping, and End-of-Line Automation. The Void-Fill protective systems convert paper to fill empty spaces in secondary packages and protect objects. The Cushioning protective systems convert paper into cushioning pads. The Wrapping protective systems create pads or paper mesh to securely wrap and protect fragile items as well as to line boxes and provide separation when shipping multiple objects.
Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid. Our rebate accruals are reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted to reflect data available at that time. We adjust the accruals to reflect any differences between estimated and actual amounts. These adjustments impact the amount of net revenue recognized by us in the period of adjustment. Charges for rebates and other allowances were approximately 10.9%, 11.3%, 11.3%, and 9.5% of revenue in 2020, the Successor Period, the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and 2018, respectively. Refer to Note 8, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” further discussion of revenue.
The Company recognizes incremental costs to fulfill a contract as an asset if such incremental costs are expected to be recovered, relate directly to a contract or anticipated contract, and generate or enhance resources that will be used to satisfy performance obligations in the future.
The Company recognizes incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. For example, the Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the contract term is less than one year. These costs are recorded within SG&A expenses.
Shipping and Handling Costs - Costs incurred for the transfer and delivery of goods to customers are billed to customers and recorded as a component of cost of sales. Shipping and handling costs totaled $4.8 million, $2.1 million, $1.3 million, and $4.6 million in 2020, the Successor Period, the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and 2018, respectively.
Advertising Costs - Advertising cost includes cost associated with trade shows. We expense advertising costs as incurred within SG&A expense. Advertising cost totaled $0.7 million, $0.2 million, $0.3 million, and $0.6 million in 2020, the Successor Period, the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and 2018, respectively.
R&D Costs - We expense R&D costs as incurred within other operating expense, net. R&D costs totaled $2.3 million, $0.9 million, $1.2 million, and $2.4 million in 2020, the Successor Period, the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and 2018, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents include securities with original maturities of three months or less and cash in banks.
Accounts Receivable - The Company provides credit in the normal course of business to its customers and does not require collateral. Trade receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts, reflect the net realizable value of receivables and approximate fair
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
value. The Company maintains an allowance against accounts receivable for the estimated probable losses on uncollectible accounts and sales returns and allowances. The valuation reserve is based upon historical loss experience, current economic conditions within the industries the Company serves as well as determination of the specific risk related to certain customers. Accounts receivable are charged off against the reserve when, in management’s estimation, further collection efforts would not result in a reasonable likelihood of receipt, or, if later, as proscribed by statutory regulations.
Inventories - Inventories consist of unprocessed and finished paper and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost for all inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out method applied on a consistent basis. An allowance for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based upon an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, estimates of future sales expectations and salvage value. Refer to Note 4 “Inventories, net” for further detail.
Property, Plant, and Equipment - Property, plant, and equipment, including amounts under capital lease, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Renewals and betterments that substantially extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the applicable lease term. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:
Estimated
Useful Lives
Buildings and improvements
2 - 20 years
Machinery and equipment
2 - 10 years
Converting machines
3 - 5 years
Computer and office equipment
2 - 10 years
Assets under capital lease are included in machinery and equipment. Refer to Note 5 “Property, Plant, and Equipment, net” for further detail.
Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, net - Goodwill represents the excess of the total purchase consideration over the fair value of the underlying net assets, largely arising from the assembled workforce, new customers and the replacement of customer and technology attrition.
Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested for impairment annually as of October 1, through a qualitative or quantitative assessment and when events and circumstances indicate that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit may no longer exceed its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of patents, customer/distributor relationships, trademarks, and other intellectual property. We amortize finite lived identifiable assets over the shorter of their stated or statutory duration or their estimated useful lives, generally ranging from 10 to 15 years, on a straight-line basis and periodically review them for impairment. Trademarks are accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets and, accordingly, are not subject to amortization.
We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. See Note 9, “Goodwill, Long-Lived and Identifiable Intangible Assets, net” and Note 5, “Property, Plant, and Equipment, net” for further details.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, except goodwill, an impairment loss is indicated when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset group are not sufficient to recover the unamortized balance of the asset group. If indicators exist, the loss is measured as the excess of carrying value over the asset group’s fair value, as determined based on discounted future cash flows, asset appraisals or market values of similar assets. See Note 9, “Goodwill, Long-Lived and Identifiable Intangible Assets, net” and Note 5, “Property, Plant, and Equipment, net” for further details.
Derivative Financial Instruments - The Company uses derivatives as part of the normal business operations to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates associated with variable interest rate debt. The Company has established policies and procedures that
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
govern the risk management of these exposures. The primary objective in managing these exposures is to decrease the volatility of cash flows affected by changes in interest rates.
We use interest rate swap contracts to manage interest rate exposures. Derivatives are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. If a derivative is deemed to be ineffective, the change in fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. The changes in the fair values of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized directly in earnings, as a component of interest expense. Prior to September 25, 2019, the Company did not apply hedge accounting to its outstanding interest rate swap, and changes in fair value were recorded directly to interest expense.
See Note 12, “Derivative Instruments,” for further details.
Foreign Currency - The nature of business activities involves the management of various financial and market risks, including those related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The functional currency of our operating subsidiaries outside the U.S. is the applicable local currency. For those operations, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average monthly exchange rates.
Commitments, Contingencies, and Litigation - On an ongoing basis, we assess the potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought against us. While it is typically very difficult to determine the timing and ultimate outcome of these actions, we use our best judgment to determine if it is probable that we will incur an expense related to the settlement or final adjudication of these matters and whether a reasonable estimation of the probable loss, if any, can be made. In assessing probable losses, we make estimates of the amount of insurance recoveries, if any. We accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Due to the inherent uncertainties related to the eventual outcome of litigation and potential insurance recovery, it is possible that disputed matters may be resolved for amounts materially different from any provisions or disclosures that we have previously made. We expense legal costs as incurred.
Stock-Based Compensation - The Company’s shareholders approved the Ranpak Holdings Corp. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) at its Annual Meeting of Shareholders on February 20, 2019. The purpose of the 2019 Plan is to motivate and reward employees and other individuals to perform at their highest level and contribute significantly to the success of the Company. The 2019 Plan is an omnibus plan that may provide these incentives through grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, other cash-based awards and other stock-based awards to employees, directors, or consultants of the Company.
We record stock-based compensation awards exchanged for employee services at fair value on the date of grant and record the expense for these awards in cost of sales and in SG&A expenses, as applicable, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations over the requisite employee service period. Stock-based compensation expense includes actual forfeitures incurred. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable.
See Note 19, “Stock-Based Compensation” for further information on the 2019 Plan and stock-based compensation expense.
Employee Benefit Plans - The Company’s U.S. employees participate in a defined contribution plan and health and life insurance plans sponsored by the Company. A Company subsidiary, Ranpak B.V., participates in a multiemployer benefit plan - Corporate Pension Fund for Cardboard and Flexible Packaging Business (“the B.V. Plan”) - in the Netherlands, which provides retirement benefits to all Ranpak B.V. employees. As a participant in the multi-employer benefit plan, the Company recognizes expense in each period for the required contributions to the multi-employer benefit plans. See Note 15, “Employee Benefit Plans” for further information about the Company’s benefit plans.
Income Taxes - The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If we determine that we will be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we will make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which will reduce the provision for income taxes.
The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (i) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.
See Note 16, “Income Taxes” for further detail.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) amounts attributable to foreign currency translation adjustments and the effect of our interest rate swap hedge, net of tax, as applicable.
Net Earnings (Loss) per Share - Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Non-vested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are treated as participating securities and therefore included in computing earnings per common share using the “two-class method.” The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that calculates basic and diluted net earnings per common share for each class of common stock separately based on dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Non-vested restricted stock issued under the 2019 Plan are considered participating securities since these securities have non-forfeitable rights to dividends when we declare a dividend during the contractual vesting period of the share-based payment award and are therefore included in our earnings allocation formula using the two-class method. When calculating diluted net earnings per common share, the more dilutive effect of applying either of the following is presented: (a) the two-class method (described above) assuming that the participating security is not exercised or converted, or, (b) the treasury stock method for the participating security. Currently, we do not pay dividends or have any undistributed earnings, therefore, the calculation of diluted earnings per share is the same for either method.
See Note 21, “Earnings (Loss) per Share” for further details.
Emerging Growth Company - Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”) exempts EGCs from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act of 1933, as amended, registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company, which is neither an EGC nor an EGC which has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information and Non-Cash Investing Activities - Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash investing activities are as follows:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid
$
22.5
$
15.8
$
12.5
$
29.0
Taxes paid
3.7
4.3
4.0
7.6
Non-cash increase in asset retirement obligation
$
0.7
$
-
$
-
$
-
Non-cash investing activities
Capital leases
$
0.3
$
-
$
-
$
0.2
Capital expenditures in accounts payable
$
2.4
$
1.6
$
2.1
$
2.1
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards - In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. We adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have an impact on our fair value disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”). The amendments in this ASU require an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months. Recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses will depend on classification as a finance or operating lease. The amendments also require certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. ASC 842 was originally effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. In October 2019, the FASB delayed the implementation of ASC 842 for private companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. In June 2020, the FASB further delayed the implementation of ASC 842 for private companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. We plan to adopt ASC 842 in the first quarter of 2021. Our implementation team includes personnel from accounting, tax, legal, information technology, and operations departments. While we continue to analyze our lease portfolio and business processes to determine the impact of the new standard on our financial statements and disclosures, we do not anticipate a material effect.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which amends the FASB’s guidance on the impairment of financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 adds to GAAP an impairment model (known as the “current expected credit loss model”) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. ASU 2016-13 was originally effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. On October 16, 2019, the FASB delayed the implementation of ASU 2016-13 for private companies until fiscal years beginning January 1, 2023. Given our status as an EGC, we will adopt ASU 2016-13 in accordance with the private company guidance. We are currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and related disclosures.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). The amendments in ASU 2019-12 simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions regarding the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocations, deferred tax liabilities for equity method investments, and general methodology calculations when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss. Additionally, ASU 2019-12 further simplifies accounting for income taxes by requiring certain franchise taxes to be accounted for as income-based tax or non-income-based tax, requiring evaluation of the tax basis of goodwill in business combinations, specifying the requirements and elections for allocating consolidated current and deferred tax expense to legal entities separately not subject to tax and requiring reflection of the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The various amendments can be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective, or prospective basis, depending on the amendment. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”). The amendments in ASU 2020-04 provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. These expedients and exceptions do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, for which an entity has elected certain optional expedients and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. ASU 2020-04 is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 (the date of the issuance of ASU 2020-04) through December 31, 2022. An entity may elect to apply the amendments for contract modifications as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued. We are evaluating the impact of ASU 2020-04 on our financial statements and disclosures.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Note 3 - Accounts Receivable, net - The components of accounts receivable, net were as follows:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Accounts receivable
$
39.6
$
36.3
Allowance for doubtful accounts
(0.5
)
(0.2
)
Accounts receivable, net
$
39.1
$
36.1
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, certain customers’ accounts receivable balances exceeded 10% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for approximately 12.9% of our accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2019, a different customer accounted for 12.0% of our accounts receivable balance.
Note 4 - Inventories, net - The components of inventories, net was as follows:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Raw materials
$
9.8
$
7.2
Work-in-process
0.5
Finished goods
6.8
4.7
Total inventories
17.1
11.9
Reserve for obsolescence
(1.0
)
(0.3
)
Inventories, net
$
16.1
$
11.6
Note 5 - Property, Plant and Equipment, net - The components of property, plant and equipment, net was as follows:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Land
$
4.2
$
4.1
Buildings and improvements
8.7
8.1
Machinery and equipment
15.3
13.0
Computer and office equipment
10.7
6.7
Converting machines
134.7
105.9
Total property, plant, and equipment
173.6
137.8
Accumulated depreciation
(49.2
)
(15.3
)
Property, plant, and equipment, net
$
124.4
$
122.5
Our capital leases are included in machinery and equipment and depreciation of capital leases is recorded in depreciation and amortization expense. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of our capital leases are as follows:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Cost
$
0.9
$
0.6
Accumulated depreciation
(0.6
)
(0.1
)
Net book value
$
0.3
$
0.5
We did not capitalize any interest in any of the periods presented.
We are required to evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount of our long-lived asset groups whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of our asset groups may not be recoverable. Due to the negative macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across various industries, we performed an evaluation of our asset groups in the fourth quarter of 2020. The undiscounted cash flows to be generated from the use and eventual disposition of the asset groups were compared to the carrying value of the asset groups and it was determined that the carrying amounts of our asset groups were recoverable.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Depreciation expense recorded in cost of goods sold and depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) was as follows:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
Depreciation expense included in
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Cost of goods sold
$
31.1
$
14.6
$
8.9
$
21.2
Depreciation and amortization expense
2.9
0.8
0.7
1.6
Total depreciation expense
$
34.0
$
15.4
$
9.6
$
22.8
Note 6 - Accrued Liabilities and Other - The components of accrued liabilities and other was as follows:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Employee compensation
$
2.6
$
3.6
Taxes
3.5
2.4
Professional fees
1.2
1.6
Bonus
6.0
3.3
Interest
1.9
2.2
Exit Payment
8.2
-
Interest rate swap liability, current portion
4.6
0.4
Other
2.7
2.0
Accrued liabilities and other
$
30.7
$
15.5
Note 7 - Segment and Geographic Information
In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), we determined we have two operating segments which are aggregated into one reportable segment, Ranpak. The chief operating decision maker assesses the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on the Company’s consolidated financial information. The aggregation of the two operating segments is based on the Company’s determination that, per ASC 280, the operating segments have similar economic characteristics, and are similar in all of the following areas: the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customer for their products or services, and the methods used to distribute their products or provide their services. In addition, the operating segments were aggregated for purposes of determining whether segments meet the quantitative threshold for separate reporting.
We attribute revenue to individual countries based on the selling location. Our products are primarily sold from North America and Europe. The following table presents a summary of net revenue to external customers by geographic location:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
North America
$
127.4
$
81.8
$
50.1
$
131.4
Europe/Asia
170.8
81.3
56.3
136.5
Net revenue
$
298.2
$
163.1
$
106.4
$
267.9
Our customers are not concentrated in any specific geographic region. During 2020 and the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, no customers exceeded 10% of net revenue. During the Successor Period and 2018, one customer accounted for approximately 10.0% and 10.8%, respectively, of net revenue.
The following table presents our long-lived assets by geographic location:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
North America
$
59.4
$
62.4
Europe/Asia
65.0
60.1
Total long-lived assets
$
124.4
$
122.5
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Note 8 - Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers
Description of Revenue-Generating Activities. We employ sales, marketing and customer service personnel throughout the world who sell and market our products and services to and/or through a large number of distributors as well as directly to end-users. As discussed in Note 7, “Segment and Geographic Information,” we have two operating segments which are aggregated into one reportable segment, Ranpak.
Ranpak provides environmentally sustainable, system based, product protection solutions and end-of-line automation solutions for e-commerce and industrial supply chains. We employ a razor/razor-blade business model that is designed to generate recurring sales through our value-added paper consumables for use exclusively in our installed base of protective packaging systems. Through our proprietary protective packaging systems and value-added kraft paper consumables, we offer reliable, fast and effective environmentally sustainable products. Our extensive distributor network and direct sales allow us to meet the needs of a variety of end-users from small businesses to global corporations. The industries we serve include leading e-commerce companies, as well as suppliers and sellers of automotive after-market parts, electronics, machinery, home goods, industrial, warehouse/transportations services and healthcare. Our products provide our customers with cushioning, void-fill and wrapping solutions through our PadPak, FillPak®, WrapPack, Geami and ReadyRoll product offerings.
In 2017 we acquired e3neo, which provides highly-customized automation solutions under the brand name “Ranpak Automation.” Our Ranpak Automation product line is focused on designing, manufacturing, and selling highly automated, turn-key integrated box-sizing systems to high-volume end-users. We are in the process of expanding Ranpak Automation’s offering to grow the ongoing spare parts design and service business. The systems are designed to help minimize the use of in-the-box packaging for these end-users while fully automating their end-of-line operations.
Identify Contract with the Customer. Ranpak sells paper consumables to two types of customers: distributor and direct. For both customer types, the customer is granted the right to use Ranpak machine(s) for which Ranpak charges an annual or quarterly fixed fee or may waive the fee at management’s discretion. For both arrangement types, (i.e. fixed fee and waived fee), Ranpak has determined that there is a multiple element arrangement which contains a lease component (the right to use the machine) and a non-lease component (the paper consumables). The remainder of Ranpak’s revenue is derived from sales of automation machines, Ranpak Automation. In association to the sale of automation machines, Ranpak sells extended warranties, preventative maintenance services, spare parts and spare part packages, and consulting services.
In paper consumables sales for both distributor agreements and direct agreements, the Company has determined the contract to be a combination of the master service agreement (“MSA”) and purchase order (“PO”). The MSA contains general terms and conditions which govern the agreement, including general payment terms. Individual PO’s must be placed underneath the terms of the MSA to order specific paper products which Ranpak promises to deliver. The PO contains relevant details of the contract including the type of paper, quantity, unit price, total price, as well as payment terms and estimated delivery date. Under the MSA, multiple PO’s for one customer may be placed at or near the same time. In situations where there are multiple PO’s issued at or near the same time to the same customer, Ranpak treats each PO in combination with the MSA as a separate contract for revenue recognition purposes.
To provide automation solution goods and services, an agreement is documented and agreed to between Ranpak and the customer. This is in the form of a proposal contract for automation machines with separate proposals for related goods and services. Typically, machines have their own proposal, and other related goods and services such as preventative maintenance, and spare parts have a separate proposal with these goods and services all detailed. These written agreements outline the terms and conditions for respective transactions between Ranpak and their customers and represent contracts with enforceable rights. For each type of contract, there are various levels of termination provisions that each party has.
Ranpak recognizes revenue from each automation machine separately, on a contract by contract basis (i.e. by individual machine). Ranpak recognizes revenue on maintenance contracts and spare parts separately from their automation machine sales. Each contract represents its own unit of accounting. Ranpak uses an input method, based on percentage of completion of cost and effort incurred to recognize automation revenue.
Performance Obligations. Our paper consumables, automation equipment, and maintenance services are determined to be distinct performance obligations. Free on loan and leased equipment is typically identified as a separate lease component in scope of ASC Topic 840, Leases (“ASC 840”). In association to the sale of automation equipment, we sell other goods and services, such as extended warranties, preventative maintenance services, spare parts and spare part packages, and consulting services. These other goods and services do not represent performance obligations because they are neither separate nor distinct, or they are not material.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Transaction Price and Variable Consideration. We have forms of variable consideration present in our contracts with customers, including rebates and other discounts. We estimate variable consideration using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method. We include in the transaction price some or all of an amount of variable consideration estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.
For all contracts that contain a form of variable consideration, Ranpak estimates at contract inception, and periodically throughout the term of the contract, what volume of goods and/or services the customer will purchase in a given period and determines how much consideration is payable to the customer or how much consideration Ranpak would be able to recover from the customer based on the structure of the type of variable consideration. In most cases the variable consideration in contracts with customers results in amounts payable to the customer by the Company. Ranpak adjusts the contract transaction price based on any changes in estimates each reporting period and performs an inception to date cumulative adjustment to the amount of revenue previously recognized.
Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid. Our rebate accruals are reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted to reflect data available at that time. We adjust the accruals to reflect any differences between estimated and actual amounts. These adjustments of transaction price impact the amount of net revenue recognized by us in the period of adjustment.
The Company does not adjust consideration in contracts with customers for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects that the period between transfer of a good or service and payment for that good or service will be one year or less. This is expected to be the case for the majority of contracts.
Sales, value-added, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue.
Allocation of Transaction Price. Ranpak determines the standalone selling price for a performance obligation by first looking for observable selling prices of that performance obligation sold on a standalone basis. If an observable price is not available, we estimate the standalone selling price of the performance obligation using one of the three suggested methods in the following order of preference: adjusted market assessment approach, expected cost plus a margin approach, and residual approach.
Ranpak often offers rebates to customers in their contracts that are related to the amount of consumables purchased. We believe that this form of variable consideration should only be allocated to consumables because the entire amount of variable consideration relates to the customer’s purchase of and Ranpak’s efforts to provide consumables.
Transfer of Control. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue for paper consumables is recognized based on shipping terms, which is the point in time the customer obtains control of the promised goods. Revenue for equipment sales is recognized based on an input method, based on percentage of completion of cost and effort incurred. Maintenance revenue is recognized straight-line on the basis that the level of effort is consistent over the term of the contract. Lease components within contracts with customers are recognized in accordance with ASC 840.
The time between when a performance obligation is satisfied and when billing and payment occur is closely aligned and performance obligations do not extend beyond one year. As the transfer of control of our products results in an unconditional right to receive consideration, we did not record contract assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Deferred revenue represents contractual amounts received from customers that exceed percentage of project completion that is in excess of costs incurred for automation equipment sales, as well as prepayments for machine fees that are amortized over the next
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
quarter. Our enforceable contractual obligations have durations of less than one year and are included in current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019
January 1, 2019
- December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
Beginning balance
$
2.5
$
0.8
$
0.3
Deferral of revenue
2.3
0.4
0.8
Recognition of revenue
(2.3
)
(0.6
)
(0.3
)
Purchase accounting adjustment
-
1.9
-
Adjustment for returns
(1.1
)
-
-
Ending balance
$
1.4
$
2.5
$
0.8
In addition to the disaggregation of revenue between paper, machine lease, and other revenue, we further disaggregate our revenue by segment geography to assist in evaluating the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows that may be impacted by economic factors:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
North America
$
110.9
$
70.8
$
43.0
$
112.4
Europe/Asia
147.7
69.9
48.8
116.8
Machine lease revenue
39.6
22.4
14.6
38.7
Net revenue
$
298.2
$
163.1
$
106.4
$
267.9
North America consists of the United States, Canada and Mexico; Europe/Asia consists of European, Asian (including China), Pacific Rim, South American and African countries.
Note 9 - Goodwill, Long-Lived and Intangible Assets, net
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
We tested our goodwill reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment as of our annual testing date, October 1, in the fourth quarter of 2020. The tests were performed using a combination of the Discounted Cash Flow Method and the Guideline Public Company Method, as well as considerations of the Merger and Acquisition Method and the Adjusted Book Value Method. Upon completion of the tests, we concluded that the fair value of our goodwill reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded their carrying values and were not impaired.
The following table shows our goodwill balances by operating segment that are aggregated into one reportable segment:
North America
Europe
Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 (Predecessor)
$
260.0
$
95.7
$
355.7
Currency translation
-
(2.5
)
(2.5
)
Balance at June 2, 2019 (Predecessor)
$
260.0
$
93.2
$
353.2
Balance at June 3, 2019 (Successor)
$
-
$
-
$
-
Ranpak Business Combination
342.3
104.9
447.2
Additions
0.7
-
0.7
Currency translation
-
0.9
0.9
Balance at December 31, 2019
343.0
105.8
448.8
Currency translation and other
(4.2
)
13.8
9.6
Balance at December 31, 2020
$
338.8
$
119.6
$
458.4
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, net
Finite-lived or amortizable intangible assets consist of patented and unpatented technology, customer/distributor relationships, and other intellectual property. In the second quarter of 2020, certain in-process R&D assets were placed in service and transferred into patented/unpatented technology to be amortized over a five-year life.
In October 2020, we acquired certain amortizable intangible assets, including patents and other intellectual property, from a European manufacturer in a €1.1 million (approximately $1.3 million) asset acquisition transaction. The estimated useful lives of these assets range from three to 15 years.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Due to the ongoing negative macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across various industries, we performed an evaluation of our long-lived asset groups in the fourth quarter of 2020. The undiscounted cash flows to be generated from the use and eventual disposition of the asset groups were compared to the carrying value of the asset groups and it was determined that the carrying amounts of our asset groups were recoverable and not impaired.
The following tables summarize our identifiable intangible assets, net with definite and indefinite useful lives:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Net
Customer/distributor relationships
$
209.2
$
(22.2
)
$
187.0
$
199.5
$
(7.9
)
$
191.6
Patented/unpatented technology
169.2
(23.7
)
145.5
164.5
(8.5
)
156.0
Intellectual property
0.4
-
0.4
-
-
-
In-process research and development
1.6
-
1.6
5.0
-
5.0
Total definite-lived intangible assets
380.4
(45.9
)
334.5
369.0
(16.4
)
352.6
Trademarks/tradenames with indefinite lives
106.1
-
106.1
106.0
-
106.0
Identifiable intangible assets, net
$
486.5
$
(45.9
)
$
440.6
$
475.0
$
(16.4
)
$
458.6
The following table shows the remaining estimated amortization expense for our definite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2020:
Year
Amount
$
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
28.9
Thereafter
186.0
$
332.9
Amortization expense was $28.7 million in 2020, $16.3 million in the Successor Period, $17.0 million in the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and $41.6 million in 2018.
The following table shows the remaining weighted-average useful life of our definite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2020:
Remaining Weighted-Average Useful Life
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Customer/distributor relationships
13 years
14 years
Patented/unpatented technology
10 years
11 years
Intellectual property
6 years
-
Total identifiable assets, net with definite lives
12 years
13 years
Note 10 - Acquisition
Ranpak Business Combination - On June 3, 2019, the Company consummated the acquisition of all outstanding and issued equity interests of Rack Holdings, the Ranpak Business Combination, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement for consideration of $794.9 million and €140.0 million ($160.8 million) in cash, (i) $341.5 million and €140.0 million ($160.8 million) of which was used by the
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Seller to repay outstanding indebtedness and unpaid transaction expenses as contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement and (ii) the remainder of which was paid to Seller. The purchase price paid at Closing was estimated and subject to customary post-Closing adjustments which included an adjustment of $0.7 million for net working capital and as additional consideration.
The Ranpak Business Combination is accounted for under ASC 805. Pursuant to ASC 805, the Company has been determined to be the accounting acquirer. Refer to Note 1, “Nature of Operations” for more information. Rack Holdings constitutes a business with inputs, processes, and outputs. Accordingly, the acquisition of Rack Holdings constitutes the acquisition of a business for purposes of ASC 805 and, due to the change in control of Rack Holdings, was accounted for using the acquisition method. The Company recorded the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Rack Holdings.
The allocation of the consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on various estimates. As of December 31, 2019, the Company completed evaluation of net working capital as part of the purchase price paid at Closing and paid additional consideration of $0.7 million. We finalized the purchase accounting fair value assessment in the second quarter of 2020.
The following represents the purchase price allocation for the Ranpak Business Combination:
Amount
Total consideration
$
955.7
Cash and cash equivalents
10.1
Accounts receivable
28.2
Inventories
16.1
Property, plant and equipment
119.5
Other assets
4.8
Intangible assets
473.7
Total identifiable assets acquired
652.4
Accounts payable
8.6
Accrued expenses
7.4
Other liabilities
5.0
Deferred tax liabilities
122.9
Net identifiable liabilities acquired
143.9
Goodwill
$
447.2
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment balances comprise the following:
Fair Value
Estimated
Useful Lives
Patented/Unpatented Technology
$
164.1
10 years
Customer/Distributor Relationships
198.6
15 years
In-Process Research & Development
5.0
N/A
Trade Names/Trademarks
106.0
Indefinite
Total Fair Value
$
473.7
Machinery and Equipment
$
17.6
5 years
Converting Machines
90.4
3 - 7 years
Buildings and Improvements
7.4
15 years
Land
4.1
N/A
Total Fair Value
$
119.5
The fair values for the trade names/trademarks, patented/unpatented technology, and in-process R&D were determined using the Relief-from-Royalty Method, which is a combination of an Income Approach and Market Approach. The fair value for customer/distributor relationships was determined using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method, which is an Income-based Approach. In the second quarter of 2020, certain in-process research & development assets were placed in service and transferred into patented/unpatented technology to be amortized over a five-year life, which was determined using our analysis of feasibility and utility of the assets.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
The fair value for land was determined using Sales Comparison and Cost Approaches, depending on location. The fair value for machinery and equipment, and buildings and improvements were determined using a combination of the Cost Approach and Market Approach, considering physical deterioration when determining current reproduction costs. The estimates of remaining useful lives for the intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment were determined by assessing the period of economic benefit of the assets.
Goodwill represents the excess of the total purchase consideration over the fair value of the underlying net assets, largely arising from the assembled workforce, new customers and the replacement of customers and technology attrition. Goodwill is not amortized for tax purposes.
Transaction costs incurred in the Ranpak Business Combination totaled $48.0 million. Of this amount, $12.6 million was classified as debt issuance costs, including $1.7 million presented as assets and $10.9 million presented as a reduction to debt within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Transaction costs expensed in the Successor Period amounted to $0.3 million, with an additional $7.4 million expensed in the 1H Predecessor Period within income from operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Amount
Deferred financing costs
Presented as a reduction to debt
$
10.9
Presented as an asset
1.7
Total deferred financing costs
12.6
Transaction costs (including $11.3 million of IPO costs)
25.6
Payment of accrued transaction costs
9.8
Total Ranpak Business Combination transaction costs
$
48.0
The following unaudited information represents the supplemental pro forma results of the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations as if the Ranpak Business Combination occurred on January 1, 2018, for 2019 and 2018 after giving effect to certain adjustments, including depreciation and amortization of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values and changes in interest expense resulting from changes in debt (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
Net revenue
$
273.6
$
266.1
Net loss
$
(9.7
)
$
(3.9
)
These pro forma results were based on estimates and assumptions, which the Company believes are reasonable. They are not the results that would have been realized had the Company been a combined company during the periods presented and are not necessarily indicative of consolidated results of operations in future periods. The pro forma results include adjustments primarily related to purchase accounting adjustments. Acquisition costs and other non-recurring charges incurred are included in the earliest period presented.
Neopack Acquisition - On February 28, 2017, pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement (“e3neo Purchase Agreement”) the Predecessor acquired all of the capital stock of Neopack Solutions S.A.S. dba e3neo.
The e3neo Purchase Agreement contained a contingent consideration arrangement that required the Company to pay e3neo a “Next Generation Machine Payment”, which was computed by the Company based on certain criteria established in the e3neo Purchase Agreement. The criteria included, but were not limited to, the design and development by e3neo of a prototype of the “Next Generation Machine” as defined in the e3neo Purchase Agreement. The maximum amount payable, $1.1 million, was recorded as contingent consideration, all of which was paid in 2018.
Additionally, the e3neo Purchase Agreement contains an earn-out provision whereby the seller may be entitled to receive an earn-out payment in an amount up to the greater of (i) $2.6 million (the “Minimum Earn-Out Amount”), and (ii) the trailing twelve (12) month earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization of the business calculated as of December 31, 2020 multiplied by forty-eight percent (48%). In order to be eligible to receive the Minimum Earn-Out Amount pursuant to the purchase agreement, e3neo must have caused the business to receive purchase orders from customers and receive sign-off from customers upon completion of a successful factory acceptance test related to certain next generation machines on or before December 31, 2019 subject to reasonable approval of the Company. The conditions of the earn-out were not achieved and the Company agreed to a settlement arrangement with the former majority owner of e3neo, which was approved by French authorities and finalized on April 21, 2020. The arrangement
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
provides for a payment to the earn-out counterparties in the amount of approximately $1.6 million and also provides the former majority owner of e3neo severance from the Company, including non-compete and consulting amounts under French law. Approximately $1.4 million was accrued at December 31, 2019. All amounts were paid by the end of October 2020.
Note 11 - Long-Term Debt
In connection with the Closing of the Ranpak Business Combination, Ranger Pledgor LLC (“Holdings”), Ranger Packaging LLC (the “U.S. Borrower”), and Ranpak B.V. (the “Dutch Borrower” and together with the U.S. Borrower, the “Borrowers”), entered into a First Lien Credit Agreement that provided for senior secured credit facilities to, in part, (i) fund the business combination, (ii) repay and terminate the existing indebtedness of Rack Holdings, and (iii) pay all fees, premiums, expenses and other transaction costs incurred in connection with the foregoing. The aggregate principal amount of the senior secured credit facilities consists of a $378.2 million dollar-denominated first lien term facility (the “First Lien Dollar Term Facility”), a €140.0 million ($152.6 million equivalent) euro-denominated first lien term facility (the “First Lien Euro Term Facility” and, together with the First Lien Dollar Term Facility, the “First Lien Term Facility”) and a $45.0 million revolving facility (the “Revolving Facility” and together with the First Lien Term Facility, the “Facilities”). The First Lien Term Facility matures seven years after the closing date and the Revolving Facility matures five years after the closing date. In December 2019, the Company closed on a public offering of its Class A common stock generating net proceeds of approximately $107.7 million that was used to pay down the First Lien Dollar Term Facility. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, no amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Facility.
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
First Lien Dollar Term Facility
$
270.9
$
270.9
First Lien Euro Term Facility
168.9
157.3
Deferred financing costs, net
(6.6
)
(7.8
)
Total debt
433.2
420.4
Less: current portion
(0.5
)
(1.6
)
Long-term debt
$
432.7
$
418.8
Maturities of the First Lien Term Facility at December 31, 2020 are as follows:
Year Ended
Amount
$
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
Thereafter
431.3
Total
$
439.8
Borrowings under the Facilities, at the Borrowers’ option, bear interest at either (i) an adjusted eurocurrency rate or (ii) a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is 3.75% with respect to eurocurrency borrowings and base rate borrowings as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (in each case, assuming a first lien net leverage ratio of less than 5.00:1.00), subject to a leverage-based step-up to an applicable margin equal to 400 basis points for eurocurrency borrowings. The interest rate for the First Lien Dollar Term Facility as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 3.91% and 5.70%, respectively. The interest rate for the First Lien Euro Term Facility as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 3.75% and 4.00%, respectively.
The Revolving Facility includes borrowing capacity available for standby letters of credit of up to $5.0 million. Any issuance of letters of credit will reduce the amount available under the Revolving Facility.
The Facilities will provide the Borrowers with the option to increase commitments under the Facilities in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of $95.0 million and 100% of trailing-twelve months Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the definitive documentation with respect to the Facilities), plus any voluntary prepayments of the debt financing (and, in the case of the Revolving Facility, to the extent such voluntary prepayments are accompanied by permanent commitment reductions under the Revolving Facility), plus unlimited amounts subject to the relevant net leverage ratio tests and certain other conditions.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
The obligations of (i) the U.S. Borrower under the Facilities and certain of its obligations under hedging arrangements and cash management arrangements are unconditionally guaranteed by Holdings and each existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S. organized restricted subsidiary of Holdings (together with Holdings, the “U.S. Guarantors”) and (ii) the Dutch Borrower under the Facilities are unconditionally guaranteed by the U.S. Borrower, the U.S. Guarantors and each existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned Dutch organized restricted subsidiary of Holdings (the “Dutch Guarantors”, and together with the U.S. Guarantors, the “Guarantors”), in each case, other than certain excluded subsidiaries. The Facilities are secured by (i) a first priority pledge of the equity interests of the Borrowers and of each direct, wholly-owned restricted subsidiary of any Borrower or any Guarantor and (ii) a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers and the Guarantors (in each case, subject to customary exceptions), provided that obligations of the U.S. Borrower and U.S. Guarantors under the Facilities were not secured by assets of the Dutch Borrower or any Dutch Guarantor.
The Facilities impose restrictions that require the Company to comply with or maintain certain financial tests and ratios. Such agreements restrict our ability to, among other things: (i) declare dividends or redeem or repurchase capital stock, including with respect to Class A common stock; (ii) prepay, redeem or purchase other debt; (iii) incur liens; (iv) make loans, guarantees, acquisitions and other investments; (v) incur additional indebtedness; (vi) engage in sale and leaseback transactions; (vii) amend or otherwise alter debt and other material agreements; (viii) engage in mergers, acquisitions and asset sales; (ix) engage in transactions with affiliates; and (x) enter into arrangements that would prohibit us from granting liens or restrict our ability to pay dividends, make loans or transfer assets among our subsidiaries. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2020.
On February 14, 2020, Ranger Packaging LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“U.S. Borrower”), Ranpak B.V., (the “Dutch Borrower”; the U.S. Borrower and the Dutch Borrower, the “Borrowers”), Ranger Pledgor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), certain other subsidiaries of Holdings, certain lenders party to Amendment No. 1 (as defined below) and Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC (the “Administrative Agent”) entered into the Amendment No. 1 to First Lien Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”) to amend the First Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2019 among the Borrowers, Holdings, the lenders, the issuing banks and the Administrative Agent (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”).
Among other things, the Amendment No. 1 amends the Credit Agreement such that (i) the requirement of the Borrowers to apply excess cash flow to mandatorily prepay term loans under the Credit Agreement commences with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 (instead of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020) and (ii) the aggregate amount per fiscal year of capital stock of any parent company of the U.S. Borrower that is held by directors, officers, management, employees, independent contractors or consultants of the U.S. Borrower (or any parent company or subsidiary thereof) that the U.S. Borrower may repurchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire or retire for value has been increased to the greater of $10,000,000 and 10% of Consolidated AEBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) (increased from the greater of $7,000,000 and 7% of Consolidated AEBITDA) as of the last day of the most recently ended four fiscal quarter period for which financial statements have been delivered.
On July 1, 2020, we entered into a borrower assumption agreement (“Borrower Assumption Agreement”), which provided that, in the following order, (i) Rack Holdings Inc. merged with and into Ranger Packaging LLC, with Ranger Packaging LLC as the surviving entity of such merger and (ii) Ranger Packaging LLC merged with and into Ranpak Corp., with Ranpak Corp. as the surviving entity of such merger (clauses (i) and (ii) collectively, the “Reorganization”). Contemporaneously with the Reorganization, Ranger Packaging LLC, Ranpak Corp., Ranger Pledgor LLC, certain other subsidiaries of Ranger Pledgor LLC and Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC entered into the Borrower Assumption Agreement whereby, among other things, Ranpak Corp. assumed all obligations, liabilities and rights of Ranger Packaging LLC as the “U.S. Borrower” under the New Credit Facilities.
Under the First Lien Term Facility agreement, our lower leverage ratio at December 31, 2020 requires us to pay our lenders an $8.2 million Exit Payment, which we will pay in the first quarter of 2021. This amount is included in interest expense, net and accrued liabilities.
Deferred financing costs represent costs incurred in connection with the issuance or amendment of the Company’s debt agreements. Deferred financing costs are amortized over the terms of the related debt and recognized as a component of interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Deferred financing costs related to our term loans are included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred financing costs related to our Revolving Facility are included in other assets. The following table presents deferred financing costs as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Deferred financing costs
$
12.7
$
10.7
Accumulated amortization
(4.9
)
(3.2
)
Deferred financing costs, net
$
7.8
$
7.5
As a result of the $107.7 million debt payment made in December 2019, the Company accelerated the amortization of approximately $2.0 million of deferred financing costs.
Note 12 - Derivative Instruments
We use derivatives as part of the normal business operations to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates associated with variable interest rate debt and decrease the volatility of cash flows affected by changes in interest rates.
On January 31, 2019, the Company entered into a business combination contingent interest rate swap in a notional amount of $200.0 million (the “January 2019 Swap”) to hedge part of the floating interest rate exposure under the First Lien Dollar Term Facility. The January 2019 Swap became effective on the Closing of the Ranpak Business Combination and will terminate on the third anniversary of the Closing on June 3, 2022. The January 2019 Swap economically converts a portion of the variable rate debt to fixed rate debt. The Company receives floating interest payments monthly based on one-month LIBOR and pays a fixed rate of 2.56% to the counterparty. Prior to September 25, 2019, the Company did not apply hedge accounting to the January 2019 Swap. Changes in fair value were recorded to interest expense.
On September 25, 2019, the Company amended the January 2019 Swap to extend its term to mature on June 1, 2023 and lower the rate to 2.31% (the “Amended January 2019 Swap”). We concurrently entered into an incremental $50.0 million notional swap at 1.5% and maturing on June 1, 2023 (the “September 2019 Swap”).
Additionally, on September 25, 2019, we designated as cash flow hedges the Amended January 2019 Swap and the September 2019 Swap and applied hedge accounting. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the contract agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Changes in fair value are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
On March 27, 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap that amended the Amended January 2019 Swap to a lower rate of 2.1% and extended the maturity to June 1, 2024 (the “Second Amended January 2019 Swap”). We designated the Second Amended January 2019 Swap as a cash flow hedge and applied hedge accounting.
A summary of our interest rate swaps is as follows:
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Designation
Maturity Date
Rate
Notional Value
Debt Instrument Hedged
Percentage of Debt Instrument Outstanding
December 31, 2020
September 2019 Swap
Cash flow hedge
June 1, 2023
1.50%
$
50.0
First Lien Dollar Term Facility
18%
Second Amended January 2019 Swap
Cash flow hedge
June 1, 2024
2.09%
200.0
First Lien Dollar Term Facility
74%
$
250.0
92%
December 31, 2019
September 2019 Swap
Cash flow hedge
June 1, 2023
1.50%
$
50.0
First Lien Dollar Term Facility
18%
Amended January 2019 Swap
Cash flow hedge
June 1, 2023
2.31%
200.0
First Lien Dollar Term Facility
74%
$
250.0
92%
The Second Amended January 2019 Swap contains an insignificant financing element that is amortized over the term of the hedging relationship. We recognized a loss on the interest rate swaps of $2.2 million in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) in 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, we anticipate having to reclassify $4.6 million from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings during the next twelve months to offset the variability of the hedged items during this period.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
The following table summarizes the total fair value of derivative assets and liabilities and the respective classification in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The net amount of derivatives can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value in Note 14, “Fair Value Measurement”:
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Balance Sheet Classification
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Designated as cash flow hedges
Accrued liabilities and other
$
4.6
$
0.4
Designated as cash flow hedges
Other liabilities
9.6
4.6
$
14.2
$
5.0
The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The income effects of our derivative activities are reflected in interest expense. There were no gains or losses recorded prior to June 3, 2019:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Total interest expense presented in the statement of operations
$
30.2
$
27.3
$
20.2
$
30.9
Interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges
2.2
(0.1
)
-
-
Interest rate swap agreements not designated as cash flow hedges
$
-
$
(6.5
)
$
-
$
-
Note 13 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is a separate line within the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity that reports our other comprehensive income (loss) that has not been reported as part of net income (loss). The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:
December 31, 2020
Gross Balance
Tax Effect
Net Balance
Foreign currency translation
$
17.9
$
-
$
17.9
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps
(9.9
)
2.7
(7.2
)
Total
$
8.0
$
2.7
$
10.7
December 31, 2019
Gross Balance
Tax Effect
Net Balance
Foreign currency translation
$
1.7
$
-
$
1.7
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps
1.4
0.3
1.7
Total
$
3.1
$
0.3
$
3.4
The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for 2020 and 2019:
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Foreign currency translation
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps
Total
Beginning balance
$
1.7
$
1.7
$
3.4
Other comprehensive income (loss)
before reclassifications
16.2
(8.8
)
7.4
Amounts reclassified from accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss)
-
(0.1
)
(0.1
)
Ending balance
$
17.9
$
(7.2
)
$
10.7
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Foreign currency translation
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps
Total
Beginning balance
$
4.0
$
-
$
4.0
Other comprehensive income (loss)
before reclassifications
(2.3
)
1.8
(0.5
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss)
-
(0.1
)
(0.1
)
Ending balance
$
1.7
$
1.7
$
3.4
The following tables present the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for 2020 and 2019:
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Reclassification
Affected line item on statement
Change in fair value of derivative swap agreements
Interest rate swap agreements
$
2.5
Interest expense, net
Tax effect
(2.4
)
Income tax benefit
Total reclassifications
$
0.1
Net of tax
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Reclassification
Affected line item on statement
Change in fair value of derivative swap agreements
Interest rate swap agreements
$
0.4
Interest expense, net
Tax effect
(0.3
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
Total reclassifications
$
0.1
Net of tax
Note 14 - Fair Value Measurement
Financial instruments are required to be categorized within a valuation hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market used to measure fair value:
•
Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•
Level 2 - Inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be derived from observable market data. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and credit ratings.
•
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activities.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents (primarily consisting of bank deposits), accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The carrying value of borrowings under the credit facilities approximates fair value due to the variable interest rates associated with those borrowings.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
The following table provides the carrying amounts, estimated fair values and the respective fair value measurements of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
Fair Value Measurements
Carrying Amount
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
December 31, 2020
Current and long-term debt
$
439.8
$
-
$
439.8
$
-
Interest rate swap agreements liability
$
14.2
$
-
$
14.2
$
-
December 31, 2019
Current and long-term debt
$
428.2
$
-
$
428.2
$
-
Interest rate swap agreements liability
$
5.0
$
-
$
5.0
$
-
The valuation techniques and inputs used for fair value measurements categorized within Level 2 include quoted comparable prices from market inputs. Generally, these fair value measures are model-based valuation techniques such as discounted cash flows or option pricing models using our own estimates and assumptions or those expected to be used by market participants. We determine our valuation policies and procedures and analyze changes in fair value measurements from period to period by using an industry standard market approach, in which prices and other relevant information are generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. No financial instruments were measured using unobservable inputs.
The fair value of outstanding long-term debt is based on prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable debt instruments, which represents a Level 2 measurement. Derivative positions are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy as they are valued using quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets. These Level 2 derivatives are valued utilizing an income approach, which discounts future cash flow based upon current market expectations and adjusts for credit risk.
Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans
Defined Contribution Plan. The Company maintains a 401(k) defined contribution savings and retirement plan (the “Plan”) for substantially all of its U.S. employees. Subject to Internal Revenue Code limitations, an employee may elect to contribute an amount up to 25% of compensation during each plan year. The Plan provides for matching contributions of 50% of each employee’s voluntary contributions up to a maximum matching contribution of 3% of the employee’s compensation. The Plan also permits unmatched employee after-tax contributions subject to certain limitations. Total employer contributions made under the Plan were approximately $0.4 million, $0.2 million, $0.1 million, and $0.3 million for 2020, the Successor Period, the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and 2018, respectively.
Multiemployer Benefit Plan. The Company maintains and participates in multiemployer benefit plans in various countries. The largest of these plans is the Corporate Pension Fund for Cardboard and Flexible Packaging Business, in the Netherlands, which provides retirement benefits to Ranpak B.V. employees. In accordance with the collective labor agreements and Dutch laws, employee and employer contributions are paid to a third-party retirement fund administrator. Per Dutch laws, the retirement plans are required to be fully funded. Employer contributions into these various multiemployer plans were $4.1 million, $1.9 million, $1.6 million, and $3.3 million for 2020, the Successor Period, the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and 2018, respectively.
Note 16 - Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”). The TCJA made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. We recorded a net tax benefit of $28.9 million through the provision for income taxes in 2018 and 2017. This tax benefit was primarily related to impact of the change in U.S. federal corporate income tax rates on deferred taxes and the one-time transition tax. An additional tax liability related to the one-time transition tax of $0.7 million was recorded on the opening balance sheet in accordance with purchase accounting.
The components of earnings before income tax expense (benefit) were as follows:
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Domestic
$
(26.8
)
$
(16.4
)
$
(18.6
)
$
(4.0
)
Foreign
2.2
(3.5
)
(5.3
)
(11.7
)
Total
$
(24.6
)
$
(19.9
)
$
(23.9
)
$
(15.7
)
The components of our income tax expense (benefit) were as follows:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Current tax expense
Federal
$
(0.5
)
$
1.4
$
1.1
$
2.8
State
0.3
0.5
0.2
1.1
Foreign
4.0
2.2
1.3
3.2
Total current tax expense
3.8
4.1
2.6
7.0
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
Federal
(3.8
)
(6.9
)
(4.4
)
(4.8
)
State
(1.9
)
0.8
(0.9
)
(1.2
)
Foreign
0.7
(0.7
)
(2.2
)
(8.0
)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)
(5.0
)
(6.8
)
(7.5
)
(14.1
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
(1.2
)
$
(2.7
)
$
(4.9
)
$
(7.1
)
The differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the reported income tax expense (benefit) are summarized as follows:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Income tax benefit at statutory rate
$
(5.2
)
$
(4.2
)
$
(5.0
)
$
(3.3
)
U.S. State income taxes
(1.7
)
1.2
(0.7
)
(0.1
)
Tax related to foreign activities
0.4
2.3
0.5
(2.4
)
U.S. Federal tax credits
(0.4
)
(0.1
)
-
(0.4
)
Foreign currency gains/(losses)
-
-
-
0.8
Return to provision adjustments
0.5
-
-
-
Remeasurement of deferred taxes
3.8
-
-
(0.2
)
Transition tax related to the TCJA
-
-
-
0.2
U.S. Foreign income tax credits from amended tax returns
-
-
-
(1.8
)
Global intangible low-taxed income
1.3
0.3
-
0.6
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction
(0.1
)
(0.6
)
(0.1
)
(0.5
)
Non-deductible transaction costs
-
-
0.6
-
Other, net
0.2
(1.4
)
(0.1
)
(0.1
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
$
(1.2
)
$
(2.7
)
$
(4.9
)
$
(7.1
)
Effective tax rate
6.2
%
13.3
%
20.5
%
45.0
%
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Deferred tax assets
Unrealized foreign currency exchange
$
1.8
$
0.1
Stock awards
1.5
0.4
Net operating losses and credits
1.7
2.0
Non-deductible interest carryforward
4.7
7.4
Other
2.9
1.3
Total deferred tax assets
12.6
11.2
Valuation allowance
(1.1
)
(1.3
)
Deferred tax assets, net
11.5
9.9
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation
(13.7
)
(14.4
)
Amortization
(107.6
)
(110.7
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(121.3
)
(125.1
)
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net before unrecognized tax benefits
(109.8
)
(115.2
)
Deferred tax impact of unrecognized tax benefits
0.2
0.2
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net after unrecognized tax benefits
$
(109.6
)
$
(115.0
)
In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets in the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years of cumulative operating income (loss).
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had $1.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in federal net operating loss carryforwards that expire in 2031 through 2037; $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of tax benefits related to state net operating loss carryforwards, which expire in 2021 through 2036; and $4.0 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of foreign net operating loss carryforwards, a portion of which expire in 2024 through 2025, with the remainder subject to an indefinite carryforward period. Management believes it is not more likely than not that a portion of the foreign net operating losses will be utilized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance at December 31, 2020 and 2019 of $1.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of valuation allowance which was recorded through income tax expense.
In the U.S., IRC Section 382 imposes a limitation on the utilization of net operating losses (“NOL”), credit carryforwards, built-in losses, and built-in deductions after an ownership change. We experienced an ownership change within the meaning of IRC Section 382 as a result of the Ranpak Business Combination. We performed a calculation of this limitation and determined the carryforwards will not be restricted or limited.
We consider the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020 to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no U.S. income taxes have been provided thereon. As of December 31, 2020, the amount of cash associated with indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings was approximately $67.2 million. We do not anticipate the need to repatriate funds to the U.S. to satisfy domestic liquidity needs arising in the ordinary course of business.
We recorded a net deferred tax liability of $122.9 million in accordance with purchase accounting associated with the Ranpak Business Combination. Refer to Note 10, “Acquisition,” to the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail.
We are subject to taxation in the United States (federal, state, local) and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2020, tax years 2017 through 2020 are subject to examination by the tax authorities.
The components of our unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Unrecognized income tax benefits at the beginning of the period
$
1.4
$
0.6
$
0.6
$
1.8
Increases related to prior year tax positions
-
0.2
-
-
Decreases related to prior year tax positions
-
-
-
(1.2
)
Increases related to current year tax positions
1.4
0.6
-
0.2
Foreign currency impact
0.1
-
-
(0.1
)
Unrecognized income tax benefits at the end of the period
$
2.9
$
1.4
$
0.6
$
0.6
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had unrecognized income tax benefits of $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, that would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had accrued interest and penalties of $0.3 million. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense (benefit) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included accrued liabilities and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Pursuant to ASC 740, as of each balance sheet date, we assess our uncertain tax positions to determine whether factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed. During 2020, based on new information in an ongoing examination over the 2017 through 2019 tax years by the tax authorities in the Netherlands, we recognized an additional uncertain tax position of $1.3 million relating to positions which are no longer more-likely-than-not sustainable. We anticipate resolving this matter within the next twelve months.
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) into law. The CARES Act includes several significant business tax provisions that, among other things, would eliminate the taxable income limit for certain net operating losses (“NOL”) and allow businesses and individuals to carry back NOLs arising in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to the five prior tax years; suspend the excess business loss rules under section 461(l); accelerate refunds of previously generated corporate AMT credits; generally loosen the business interest limitation under section 163(j) from 30 percent to 50 percent (special partnership rules apply); and fix the “retail glitch” for qualified improvement property in the TCJA (TCJA, Public Law 115-97). ASC 740 requires that the tax effects of changes in tax laws or rates be recorded discretely as a component of the income tax provision related to continuing operations in the period of enactment. We recorded any applicable impact from the CARES Act in the first quarter of 2020.
Note 17 - Asset Retirement Obligation
Asset retirement obligations as a result of required land remediation or reclamation activities are recorded in other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accretion expense is immaterial. Changes in the asset retirement obligation during 2020 was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Beginning balance
$
0.7
$
-
Purchase accounting
-
0.7
Additions and adjustments
-
-
Ending balance
$
0.7
$
0.7
Note 18 - Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
We are subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management evaluates each claim and provides for potential loss when the claim is probable to be paid and reasonably estimable. While adverse decisions in certain of these litigation matters, claims and administrative proceedings could have a material effect on a particular period’s results of operations, subject to the uncertainties inherent in estimating future costs for contingent liabilities, management believes that any future accruals with respect to these currently known contingencies would not have a material effect on the financial condition, liquidity or cash flows of the Company. There are no amounts required to be reflected in these consolidated financial statements related to contingencies for 2020 and 2019.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Leases
Certain office and warehouse facilities, transportation vehicles and data processing equipment are leased. Total rental expense for these leases was $2.1 million, $1.0 million, $0.7 million, and $1.6 million in 2020, the Successor Period, the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period, and 2018, respectively. Minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2020, with terms in excess of one year, are as follows:
Year Ended
Amount
$
2.8
2.3
1.4
1.0
0.8
Thereafter
0.2
Total
$
8.5
Environmental Matters
Our operations are subject to extensive and changing U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as the laws of other countries that establish health and environmental quality standards. These standards, among others, relate to air and water pollutants and the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes. We are exposed to potential liability for personal injury or property damage caused by any release, spill, exposure or other accident involving such pollutants, substances or wastes. There are no amounts required to be reflected in these consolidated financial statements related to environmental contingencies.
Management believes the Company is in compliance, in all material respects, with environmental laws and regulations and maintains insurance coverage to mitigate exposure to environmental liabilities. Management does not believe any environmental matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Guarantees
We issue bank guarantees from time to time for various purposes that arise out of the normal course of business. These amounts are immaterial for all periods presented.
Note 19 - Stock-Based Compensation
We expense the fair value of grants of various stock-based compensation programs over the vesting period of the awards. Stock compensation expense is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Awards granted are recognized as compensation expense based on the grant date fair value, estimated in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The grant date fair value is the closing price of our stock on the grant date. Failure to satisfy the threshold service or performance conditions results in the forfeiture of shares. Forfeiture of share awards with service conditions or performance-based restrictions results in a reversal of previously recognized share-based compensation expense so long as the awards were probable of vesting. Stock compensation expense includes actual forfeitures incurred.
The table below summarizes certain data for our stock-based compensation plans:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
Stock-based compensation expense
$
7.2
$
1.7
$
-
Tax (expense) benefit for stock-based compensation
1.5
0.3
-
Fair value of vested awards
$
8.7
$
2.0
$
-
Our shareholders approved the Ranpak Holdings Corp. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on February 20, 2019. The purpose of the 2019 Plan is to motivate and reward employees and other individuals to perform at their highest level and contribute significantly to the success of the Company. The 2019 Plan is an omnibus plan that may provide these incentives through grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSU” or
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
“RSUs”), performance awards, other cash-based awards and other stock-based awards (collectively, the “Awards”) to employees, directors, or consultants of the Company.
As of December 31, 2020, the pool of shares in the 2019 Plan is summarized as follows:
2019 Plan
Quantity
Maximum allowed for issuance
4,118,055
Awards granted
(2,345,415
)
Awards forfeited
743,576
Available for future awards
2,516,216
Awards vested
301,274
Restricted Stock Units - RSUs represent a right to receive one share of our common stock that is both nontransferable and forfeitable unless and until certain conditions are satisfied. Certain RSUs vest ratably over a two-year period while others vest over a one-year period. The fair value of RSUs is determined on the grant date and is amortized over the vesting period on a ratable basis.
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units - Performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSU”) vest over a three-year period. However, the level of the awards to be earned is determined at the end of the initial one-year performance period, based upon attainment of specific business performance goals during such initial one-year performance period. If certain minimum performance levels are not attained in the initial one-year performance period, the awards will be automatically forfeited before vesting. The awards are variable in that compensation could range from zero to 150% of the award agreement’s target contingent on the performance level attained. The fair value of performance-based restricted stock units is determined on the grant date. Compensation cost for these awards is recognized based on the probability of achievement of the performance-based conditions.
Activity of our RSUs and PRSUs is as follows:
RSUs
PRSUs
Quantity
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Quantity
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted at December 31, 2019
483,299
$
9.30
-
$
-
Granted
506,940
8.08
667,196
8.09
Vested
(253,392
)
8.74
-
-
Forfeited
(66,992
)
9.14
(116,700
)
8.07
Outstanding at December 31, 2020
669,855
$
8.60
550,496
$
8.09
Director Stock Units - Members of the Company’s Board of Directors (“Director(s)”) may elect to receive their quarterly retainer fees in the form of Class A common shares that are covered by an active shelf registration statement. The retainers are paid quarterly, in arrears in the form of cash or stock at the Director’s election, and vest upon issuance. These shares are priced at the closing price of the last business day of the calendar quarter. Additionally, Directors are granted an annual award of RSUs of $0.1 million on the date of the annual shareholder meeting that vest on the date of the subsequent annual shareholder meeting. The number of RSUs is determined by the closing price of Ranpak stock on that date. These RSUs vest at the earlier of the (i) anniversary of the grant date or (ii) the following annual shareholder meeting. The following table includes the number of shares granted and vested for Directors electing to receive retainer payments in shares:
Director Stock Units
Quantity
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2019
-
$
-
Granted
115,064
7.55
Vested
(34,850
)
7.71
Balance at December 31, 2020
80,214
$
7.48
Unrecognized compensation cost and weighted average periods remaining for non-vested Awards as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Unrecognized compensation cost
RSUs
$
1.7
$
2.9
PRSUs
$
1.6
$
-
Weighted average remaining period
RSUs
0.7 years
1.0 years
PRSUs
1.5 years
-
Note 20 - Shareholders’ Equity
Capital Stock - The Company is authorized to issue 426,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of (i) 200,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, (ii) 25,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and (iii) 200,000,000 shares of Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (iv) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
Common Shares - Each holder of Class A Common Stock (“Class A”) is entitled to one vote for each Class A share held of record. Holders of shares of Class C Common Stock (“Class C”) have no such voting rights and, as such, shall not have the right to receive notice of, attend at or vote on any matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote. Class C shares have a right of conversion that upon sale or other transfer convert to Class A shares.
Upon the closing of the Ranpak Business Combination, 3,854,664 of Class B shares were canceled and 7,395,336 of Class B shares were converted to 6,663,953 of Class A shares and 731,383 of Class C shares. Certain of the Class B shares were subject to forfeiture conditions that carried over to the Class A shares. At December 31, 2020, Ranpak had 6,847,836 Class A and Class C shares outstanding subject to forfeiture unless certain provisions are met as described below. These shares will not participate in cash dividends or other cash distributions payable prior to the date the conditions have been satisfied. Upon satisfaction, shareholders will be entitled to all cash dividends and other cash distributions from the closing of the Ranpak Business Combination. As of December 31, 2020, there were no such cash dividends or other cash distributions potentially payable upon these conditions.
157,500 shares of Class A common stock will be surrendered for no consideration unless, prior to the fifth anniversary of the Ranpak Business Combination, either (i) the closing price of our Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.25 per share (in each case as adjusted for share splits, dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period or (ii) the Company completes a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all ordinary shareholders having the right to exchange their common stock for consideration in cash, securities or other property which equals or exceeds $12.25 per share (in each case as adjusted for share splits, dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like).
2,940,336 shares of Class A common stock will be surrendered for no consideration unless, prior to the tenth anniversary of the Ranpak Business Combination, (i) the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock equals or exceeds $15.00 per share (in each case as adjusted for share splits, dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period or (ii) the Company completes a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all or substantially all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares or the Company otherwise undergoes a change of control.
A total of 3,750,000 shares of Class A and Class C common stock will be surrendered for no consideration unless, prior to the tenth anniversary of the closing of the Ranpak Business Combination, (i) the closing price of the Company’s Class A shares equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (in each case as adjusted for share splits, dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period or (ii) the Company completes a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all or substantially all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares or the Company otherwise undergoes a change of control.
In January and February 2021, our stock performed above these trading thresholds and exceeded the consecutive trading day durations. Therefore, all Class A and Class C shares will no longer be subject to the aforementioned surrender conditions.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Preferred Shares - The Company’s charter authorizes 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock and provides that shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series. The Board of Directors is able, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the common stock and could have anti-takeover effects. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had no preferred stock outstanding.
Warrants - On August 6, 2020, we commenced (i) an offer to each holder of our outstanding public warrants, forward purchase warrants, and private placement warrants (collectively, the “Warrants”), each to purchase shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class A common stock”), the opportunity to receive 0.22 shares of Class A common stock in exchange for each outstanding warrant tendered by the holder and exchanged pursuant to the offer (the “Offer”), and (ii) the solicitation of consents (the “Consent Solicitation”) from holders of the public warrants and the forward purchase warrants to amend the Warrant Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2018, by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, which governs all of the Warrants (the “Warrant Amendment”). The approved Warrant Amendment permitted the Company to require that each warrant that is outstanding subsequent to the expiration of the Offer be converted into 0.198 shares of Class A common stock. Further, the Warrant Amendment and its expiration on September 2, 2020 resulted in a valid tendering of 20,048,251 Warrants, or approximately 99.7% of the Warrants, resulting in 4,410,587 shares of Class A common stock issued in exchange for said Warrants. As a result of the low number of Warrants remaining outstanding following the Offer, the NYSE delisted the remaining Warrants. The remaining 60,493 Warrants were exchanged at the 0.198 ratio for 11,977 shares of Class A common stock on September 21, 2020. We paid an immaterial amount for fractional shares converted to cash. No Warrants remained after the exchanges.
Registration Rights - Certain investors were entitled to registration rights pursuant to the forward purchase agreements, subscription agreements, private placement warrant agreements, and the registration rights agreement entered into concurrently with the closing of the IPO. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the consummation of a business combination. However, the registration rights agreement provides that the Company will not permit any registration statement filed under the Securities Act to become effective until termination of the applicable lock-up period. The Company bore the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Follow-On Offering - On December 13, 2019, the Company closed on a public offering of 16,923,077 shares of its Class A common stock at an offering price of $6.50 per share, generating gross proceeds of approximately $110.0 million ($107.7 million net of expenses). These shares were registered pursuant to the Form S-3 declared effective on July 31, 2019. The proceeds from this offering were used to pay down outstanding debt.
Outstanding Shares - At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had the following shares of common stock outstanding:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Class A
Class C
Total Common
Class A
Class C
Total Common
Shares outstanding not subject to an earn-out agreement
62,888,606
5,779,910
68,668,516
58,177,288
5,779,910
63,957,198
Shares subject to $15.00 earn-out
2,940,336
-
2,940,336
2,940,336
-
2,940,336
Shares subject to $12.50 earn-out
3,018,617
731,383
3,750,000
3,018,617
731,383
3,750,000
Shares subject to $12.25 earn-out
157,500
-
157,500
157,500
-
157,500
Total
69,005,059
6,511,293
75,516,352
64,293,741
6,511,293
70,805,034
As previously noted, in January and February 2021, our stock performed above these trading thresholds and exceeded the consecutive trading day durations. Therefore, all Class A and Class C shares will no longer be subject to these earn-out conditions.
Translation adjustment-Translation adjustments recorded are a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity. The effects of translating financial statements of foreign operations into the Company’s reporting currency are recognized as a cumulative translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income which is net of tax, where applicable.
Note 21 - Earnings (Loss) per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution, if any, that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method or if-converted method. Diluted EPS excludes potential shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. If there is a net loss in any period, basic and diluted EPS are computed in the same manner.
The two-class method determines net income (loss) per common share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common shareholders for the period to be allocated between different classes of common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. We apply the two-class method for EPS when computing net income (loss) per Class A and Class C common shares.
The Predecessor had one class of shares outstanding. The Successor’s weighted average shares of Class A and Class C common stock have been combined in the denominator of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share because they have equivalent economic rights. The following tables set forth the computation of our loss per share:
Successor
Predecessor
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
January 1, 2019
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
- June 2, 2019
December 31, 2018
Numerator:
Net loss
$
(23.4
)
$
(17.2
)
$
(19.0
)
$
(8.6
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders for basic and diluted EPS
$
(23.4
)
$
(17.2
)
$
(19.0
)
$
(8.6
)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
72,434,802
55,392,201
Dilutive effect of assumed vesting of RSUs and PRSUs
-
-
-
-
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
72,434,802
55,392,201
Loss per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic
$
(0.32
)
$
(0.31
)
$
(19,195.40
)
$
(8,697.61
)
Diluted
$
(0.32
)
$
(0.31
)
$
(19,195.40
)
$
(8,697.61
)
The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted shares outstanding because the effect would be anti-dilutive or because milestones were not yet achieved for awards contingent on the achievement of performance milestones:
Year Ended December 31,
June 3, 2019 -
December 31, 2019
Warrants on common stock
-
20,108,741
RSUs and PRSUs
1,040,464
496,331
Total antidilutive securities
1,040,464
20,605,072
Note 22 - Transactions with Related Parties
Shared Services Agreement
On June 3, 2019, upon the closing of Ranpak’s business combination with One Madison Corporation, Ranpak entered into a shared services agreement (the “Shared Services Agreement”) with One Madison Group LLC (the “Sponsor”), pursuant to which the Sponsor may provide, or cause to be provided, certain services to Ranpak. The Shared Services Agreement provides for a broad array of potential services, including administrative and “back office” or corporate-type services and requires Ranpak to indemnify the Sponsor in connection with the services provided by the Sponsor to Ranpak. Total fees under the agreement amounted to approximately $0.5 million and $0.4 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Advisory Relationship
A director of the Company, prior to being elected as a director, served in an advisory role to Rhône Capital IV L.P., the former majority shareholder of Rack Holdings, Inc., on the sale of Rack Holdings, Inc. The director was compensated for the advisory role through an increase to his indirect equity interest in Rack Holdings, Inc., and reported to Ranpak that the compensation was not significant (less than $50 thousand).
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Registration Rights Agreement
As a result of the Ranpak Business Combination, Ranpak is a party to a registration rights agreement with certain security holders. The agreement requires Ranpak to maintain an effective resale shelf registration statement for the benefit of such security holders until they are permitted by law to freely sell their securities without registration or no longer hold Ranpak securities.
Subscription Agreements and Reallocation Agreement
One Madison Corporation entered into a subscription agreement, pursuant to which, as amended, certain shareholders, including our Chairman & Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), another of our directors, our chief financial officer and members of his immediate family, and one of our significant shareholders may be required to surrender to Ranpak certain of their shares (referred to as founder shares) if the closing price of the Class A common stock (or any successor class of listed common shares) equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (as adjusted for share splits, dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period or Ranpak completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of its common shareholders having the right to exchange their common equity for consideration in cash, securities or other property which equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (as adjusted for share splits, dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) in the five year period following the consummation of the Ranpak Business Combination (the “Earnout”). As previously noted, in the first quarter of 2021, our stock performed above these thresholds and exceeded the necessary durations where the applicable shares are no longer subject to these surrender conditions.
One Madison Corporation also entered into a reallocation agreement with certain investors, including our Chairman & CEO, another of our directors, our chief financial officer and members of his immediate family, and one of our significant shareholders, who provided equity financing for the Ranpak Business Combination under the forward purchase agreements and the subscription agreements, pursuant to which the shares subject to the Earnout and the rights to acquire 5,000,000 warrants to purchase Class A shares arising under the forward purchase agreements were reallocated among all equity financing investors pro rata based on the aggregate amount of equity financing provided by such equity financing investors under the forward purchase agreements and the subscription agreements. The Class B ordinary shares owned by each party to the reallocation agreement following the reallocation are subject to the provisions in the forward purchase agreement relating to Class B ordinary shares, including with respect to the voting of, transfer and forfeiture and waiver of redemption rights with respect to such Class B ordinary shares, or, for the parties to the reallocation agreement that are not party to a forward purchase agreement, the provisions substantially similar to such forward purchase agreement provisions that are set forth on an exhibit to the reallocation agreement. In September 2020, we exchanged all of the outstanding warrants for approximately 4.4 million shares of Class A common stock. Included in this transaction were the 5.0 million warrants discussed above, which were exchanged for 1.1 million shares. See Note 20, “Shareholders’ Equity” for further detail.
Stock Purchase Agreement
Ranpak is subject to certain continuing obligations to indemnify the former directors and officers of Rack Holdings Inc. for certain costs, damages and liabilities pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 12, 2018, pursuant to which One Madison Corporation purchased Rack Holdings Inc.
Monitoring Fee Arrangement
Rack Holdings had a monitoring fee agreement, with Rhône Capital IV L.P., a related party, which required Rack Holdings to pay 1% of projected annual earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization in advance of each semi-annual period, adjusted retroactively up or down, plus reimbursement of other expenses. As of June 3, 2019, upon the Closing of the Ranpak Business Combination and change in control, this monitoring fee was eliminated. Monitoring fee and reimbursement expenses are immaterial but are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the 1H 2019 Predecessor Period.
Note 23 - Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Pursuant to the November 2020 Amendments, we elect to provide disclosure consistent with the recent amendments to Regulation S-K, Item 302(a), which amend and streamline the requirement to disclose quarterly financial data to circumstances when there are one or more retrospective changes that pertain to our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We have no material retrospective changes to our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) that would warrant such quarterly disclosure.

---

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
None.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives of such controls and procedures. Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) (our principal financial officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have each concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for us. Under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on criteria specified in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on our assessment, management, including our CEO and CFO, concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weaknesses
As previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 10-K”), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective as of December 31, 2019 as a result of the following material weaknesses:
•
Control Environment - we had insufficient internal resources with appropriate knowledge and expertise to design, implement, document, and operate effective internal controls around our financial reporting process;
•
Risk Assessment - we did not have an effective risk assessment process that defined clear financial reporting objectives that identified and evaluated risks of misstatement due to errors over certain financial reporting processes or developed internal controls to mitigate those risks; and
•
Control Activities - the Ranpak Business Combination was a complex business acquisition transaction. The complexity of this transaction combined with insufficient levels of staff with public company and applicable U.S. GAAP expertise contributed to errors to previously issued financial statements contained in the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ending as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2019, as further described in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the 2019 10-K. As a consequence of the ineffective control environment and risk assessment components, we did not design, implement, and maintain effective control activities at the transaction level over the Ranpak Business Combination to mitigate the risk of material misstatement in financial reporting, which impacted our financial reporting processes and related control activities in the application of U.S. GAAP, as it related to the accounting for the Ranpak Business Combination.
To remediate the material weaknesses described above and enhance our internal control over financial reporting, management hired qualified staff in accounting, financial reporting, tax analysis and reporting, and internal controls throughout 2020. Additionally, we engaged a third-party service provider to assist in designing and implementing appropriate internal control over financial reporting. As a result of these actions, and the evidence obtained in validating the design and operating effectiveness of the controls, management has determined that the material weaknesses have been remediated as of December 31, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except as described above under “Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weaknesses,” there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

---

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is set forth under the headings “Corporate Governance,” “Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is set forth under the headings “Corporate Governance” and “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is set forth under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is set forth under the headings “Corporate Governance” and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is set forth under the proposal “Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The following documents are filed as part of this Report:
1)
Consolidated Financial Statements - See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” at “Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” herein.
2)
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for 2020, 2019, and 2018, included below.
3)
Exhibits - The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Report.
Ranpak Holdings Corp.
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018
(in millions)
Charged to Cost
Beginning Balance
and Expenses
Deductions
Ending Balance
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:
Year ended December 31, 2020
$
0.2
$
0.3
$
-
$
0.5
Year ended December 31, 2019
0.2
0.1
(0.1
)
0.2
Year ended December 31, 2018
$
0.1
$
0.1
$
-
$
0.2
Inventory Obsolescence Reserve:
Year ended December 31, 2020
$
0.3
$
0.8
$
(0.1
)
$
1.0
Year ended December 31, 2019
0.3
0.2
(0.2
)
0.3
Year ended December 31, 2018
$
0.2
$
0.1
$
-
$
0.3
Valuation Allowance for Net Deferred Tax Assets:
Year ended December 31, 2020
$
1.3
$
0.2
$
(0.4
)
$
1.1
Year ended December 31, 2019
0.6
0.7
-
1.3
Year ended December 31, 2018
$
0.4
$
0.2
$
-
$
0.6