EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1254699
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1254699_10-K_2025_0001254699-25-000014.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our business, product and marketing strategies, including our WIN strategy; capital expenditures; revenue growth; the recoverability of our goodwill and other long-lived assets; our projected sources and uses of cash; repayment of debt; economic and macroeconomic trends; and the anticipated impact of certain contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In particular, statements under Item 1. “Business,” Item 1A. “Risk-Factors,” Item 2. “Properties,” Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” contain forward-looking statements. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. You should not place undue reliance on these forward looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated:
•customer demand for our products and services and our ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers by anticipating customer demand and adapting to changes in demand;
•competitor responses to our products and services;
•increased digital TV penetration and the impact on channel positioning of our programs;
•the levels of online traffic on our websites and our ability to convert visitors into consumers or contributors;
•uncertainties inherent in the development and integration of new business lines and business strategies;
•our future financial performance, including availability, terms and deployment of capital;
•our ability to effectively manage our installment sales plans and revolving credit card programs;
•the cost and ability of shipping companies, manufacturers, suppliers, digital marketing channels and vendors to deliver products, equipment, software and services;
•the outcome of any pending or threatened litigation;
•availability of qualified personnel;
•the impact of the seasonality of our business;
•changes in, or failure or inability to comply with, government regulations, including, without limitation, regulations of the Federal Communications Commission and Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) commitments and adverse outcomes from regulatory proceedings;
•changes in the nature of key strategic relationships with partners, distributors, suppliers and vendors, including our increased reliance on social media platforms as a marketing tool;
•domestic and international economic and business conditions and industry trends, including the impact of inflation and increased labor costs;
•increases in market interest rates;
•changes in tariffs, trade policy and trade relations with the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and China;
•consumer spending levels, including the availability and amount of individual consumer debt;
•the effects of our debt obligations;
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•advertising spending levels;
•system interruption and the lack of integration and redundancy in the systems and infrastructures of our business;
•changes in distribution and viewing of television programming, including the expanded deployment of video on demand technologies and Internet Protocol television and their impact on home shopping programming;
•failure to protect the security of personal information, including as a result of cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents, subjecting us to potentially costly government enforcement actions and/or private litigation and reputational damage;
•the regulatory and competitive environment of the industries in which we operate;
•threatened terrorist attacks, political unrest in international markets and ongoing military action around the world;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•natural disasters, public health crises (such as COVID-19 and its variants or future pandemics or epidemics), political crises, and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control, including climate change;
•failure to successfully implement business improvement initiatives and growth strategies; and
•dependence of QVC Group Inc., formerly known as Qurate Retail, Inc. (“QVC Group”) on our cash flow for servicing its debt.
These forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. When considering such forward-looking statements, one should keep in mind the factors described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and other cautionary statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such risk factors and statements describe circumstances which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
Overview
QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (unless otherwise indicated or required by the context, the terms "we," "our," "us," the "Company," and "QVC" refer to QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries) curates and sells a wide variety of consumer products via highly engaging, video-rich, interactive shopping experiences, distributed to over 200 million worldwide households each day through our broadcast networks. We also reach audiences through our websites (including QVC.com, HSN.com and others); virtual multichannel video programming distributors (including Hulu + Live TV, DirecTV Stream and YouTube TV); applications via streaming video; Facebook Live, Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Xfinity Flex, Alphabet and Samsung TV Plus; mobile applications; our social media pages and over-the-air broadcasters. We believe we are a global leader in video retailing, e-commerce, mobile commerce and social commerce, with operations based in the United States ("U.S."), Japan, Germany, the U.K., and Italy.
The goal of QVC is to extend its leadership in video commerce, e-commerce, streaming commerce and social commerce by continuing to create the world’s most engaging shopping experiences, combining the best of retail, media, and social, highly differentiated from traditional brick-and-mortar stores or transactional e-commerce. QVC provides customers with curated collections of unique products, made personal and relevant by the power of storytelling. We curate experiences, conversations and communities for millions of highly discerning shoppers, and we also reach large audiences, across our many platforms, for our thousands of brand partners.
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We offer a wide assortment of high-quality merchandise and classify our products into six groups: home, apparel, beauty, accessories, electronics and jewelry. It is our product sourcing team's mission to research and curate compelling and differentiated products from vendors who have sufficient scale to meet anticipated demand. We offer many exclusive and proprietary products, leading national and international brands and limited distribution brands offering unique items. Many of our products are endorsed by celebrities, designers and other well-known personalities who often join our presenters on our live programming and provide lead-in publicity on their own social media pages, websites and other customer touchpoints. We believe that our ability to demonstrate product features and present “faces and places” differentiates and defines the QVC shopping experience. We closely monitor customer demand and our product mix to remain well-positioned and relevant in popular and growing retail segments, which we believe is a significant competitive advantage relative to competitors who operate brick-and-mortar stores.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, approximately 96% of QVC's worldwide shipped sales were from repeat and reactivated customers (i.e., customers who made a purchase from us during the prior twelve months and customers who previously made a purchase from us but not during the prior twelve months). In the same period, QVC attracted approximately 2.5 million new customers and the global e-commerce operation comprised $5.5 billion, or 60.9%, of QVC's consolidated net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024.
We operate eleven distribution centers and four contact centers worldwide. In 2024, our work force consisted of approximately 17,000 employees who handled approximately 79 million customer calls, shipped approximately 198 million units globally and served approximately 11.6 million unique customers. We believe our long-term relationships with major U.S. television distributors, including cable operators (e.g., Comcast, Charter Communications and Cox), satellite television providers (e.g. DIRECTV and DISH) and telecommunications companies (e.g., Verizon and AT&T), provide us with broad distribution, favorable channel positioning and significant competitive advantages. We believe that our significant market share, brand awareness, outstanding customer service, repeat customer base, flexible payments options, international reach and scalable infrastructure distinguish us from our competitors.
History
QVC was founded on June 13, 1986 by Joseph Segel. Our first U.S. live broadcast took place at 7:30 PM ET on November 24 of that year, reaching 7.6 million homes. Initially broadcast live from 7:30 PM ET until midnight each weekday and all day Saturdays and Sundays, the channel extended its live U.S. programming to 24 hours per day in January 1987. QVC began its International operations in 1993.
In 1995, Comcast purchased a majority shareholding in QVC. In 2003, Comcast sold its majority share to QVC Group.
HSN, Inc. ("HSN"), now a subsidiary of QVC, began broadcasting television home shopping programming in 1981 and, by 1985, was broadcasting its programming through a national network of cable and local television stations 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
On December 29, 2017, QVC Group completed the acquisition of the remaining 62% ownership interest of HSN it did not previously own in an all-stock transaction. On December 31, 2018, QVC Group transferred its 100% ownership interest in HSN to QVC through a transaction among entities under common control.
Reportable segments
QVC has two reportable segments: QxH and QVC-International. These segments reflect the way the Company evaluates its business performance and manages its operations. For financial information about our operating segments, please refer to note 15 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements, as well as to Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
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QxH
QxH's programming is distributed in the U.S., 20 hours per day of live programming, 364 days per year, to approximately 87 million television households and is distributed to approximately 99% of households subscribing to services offered by television distributors. QxH's televised shopping programs, including live and recorded content, are broadcast across multiple channels nationally on a full time basis, including the main QVC and HSN channels as well as the additional channels of QVC2, QVC3 and HSN2. These additional channels offer viewers access to a broader range of QxH programming options as well as more relevant programming for viewers in different time zones. QxH also has over-the-air broadcasting in designated U.S. markets that can be accessed by any household with a digital antenna in such markets, regardless of whether it subscribes to a paid television service. This allows QxH to reach customers who previously did not have access to the program through other television platforms.
QxH's programming is also available through QVC.com and HSN.com (our "Websites") as well as virtual multichannel video programming distributors (including Hulu + Live TV, DirecTV Stream and YouTube TV); applications via streaming video; Facebook Live, Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Xfinity Flex and Samsung TV Plus; mobile applications; our social media pages and over-the-air broadcasters (collectively, our "Digital Platforms"). Our Digital Platforms enable consumers to purchase goods offered on our broadcast programming along with a wide assortment of products that are available only on our Websites. Our Websites and other Digital Platforms are natural extensions of our business model, allowing customers to engage in our shopping experience wherever they are, with live or on-demand content customized to the device they are using. In addition, our Websites and mobile applications allow shoppers to browse, research, compare and perform targeted searches for products, read customer reviews, control the order-entry process and conveniently access their account. For the year ended December 31, 2024, approximately 89% of our new QxH customers made their first purchase through our Digital Platforms. QxH, including our Digital Platforms, contributed $6.6 billion, or 73%, of consolidated net revenue and $765 million of Adjusted OIBDA (defined in note 15 to the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements) for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The table below illustrates QxH's digital sales since 2022:
Years ended December 31,
(in millions) 2024 2023 2022
QxH Digital Platform revenue $ 4,219 4,321 4,450
Total QxH net revenue 6,598 6,995 7,359
QxH Digital Platform % of total QxH net revenue 63.9 % 61.8 % 60.5 %
QVC-International
Our international business brings the QVC shopping experience to approximately 124 million households, primarily in Germany, Japan, the U.K., and Italy. Similar to QxH, our international business engages customers via multiple platforms, including broadcast networks, websites, mobile applications and social media pages. Our international product sourcing teams select products tailored to the interests of each local market. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our international operations, including our Digital Platforms, generated $2.4 billion, or 27%, of consolidated net revenue and $333 million of Adjusted OIBDA (defined in note 15 to the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements).
The table below illustrates QVC-International's digital sales since 2022:
Years ended December 31,
(in millions) 2024 2023 2022
QVC - International Digital Platform revenue $ 1,257 1,218 1,202
Total QVC - International net revenue 2,399 2,454 2,528
QVC - International Digital Platform % of total QVC - International net revenue 52.4 % 49.6 % 47.5 %
QVC-Japan. We own 60% of QVC-Japan through a venture with Mitsui & Co., LTD. QVC-Japan launched in April 2001 and currently broadcasts 19 hours of live programming each day and reaches approximately 29 million households. QVC-Japan also operates digital platforms including a website, mobile applications and social media pages. In 2014, QVC-Japan launched Q-plus, which consists of infomercial programming distributed by purchasing available airtime on certain channels. On December 1, 2018, QVC-Japan launched 4K high dynamic range broadcasting ("HDR"), making QVC-Japan the first network in Japan to broadcast native, full-scale 4K HDR programming 24 hours a day.
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QVC-Germany. QVC-Germany went on air in December 1996 and currently broadcasts 17 hours of live programming each day and reaches approximately 42 million households that are located in both Germany and Austria. Beyond the main channel, QVC-Germany also broadcasts shows on two additional channels, QVC ZWEI and QVC Style, which provide a broader range of programming options. QVC-Germany also operates digital platforms including a website, a mobile application, smart TV applications, and social media pages.
QVC-U.K. QVC-U.K. went on air in October 1993 and currently broadcasts 16 hours of live programming each day and reaches approximately 28 million households that are located in both the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland. Beyond the main channel, QVC-U.K. also broadcasts shows on four additional channels, QVC Beauty, QVC Extra, QVC Style, and QVC Plus, which provides a broader range of programming options, along with digital platforms including a website, mobile applications and social media pages.
QVC-Italy. QVC-Italy went on air in October 2010 and currently reaches approximately 25 million households. QVC-Italy broadcasts live for 17 hours each day on satellite and digital terrestrial television. QVC-Italy also operates digital platforms including a website, a mobile application and social media pages.
Merchandise
We believe that our ability to combine product and programming helps us create competitive advantages over traditional brick-and-mortar and internet retailers. We seek to offer our customers an assortment of compelling, high-quality products. In the U.S., the QVC and HSN brands present on average 704 products and 544 products, respectively, every week on our live programming, approximately 44.5% and 28.0%, respectively, of which have not been presented previously to our television audience. We offer customers high-quality and brand name products, presented in a creative, informative, entertaining and engaging style. We provide a differentiated shopping experience by offering customers the opportunity to experience not only the product being sold, but also the people and places behind that product, thereby enhancing their overall shopping experience.
Our global merchandise mix features: home, apparel, beauty, accessories, electronics and jewelry. Many of our brands are exclusive, while others are created by well-known designers. Our global sales mix is provided in the table below:
Years ended December 31,
Product category 2024 2023 2022
Home 41 % 41 % 40 %
Apparel 18 % 18 % 18 %
Beauty 18 % 18 % 17 %
Accessories 11 % 11 % 11 %
Electronics 7 % 7 % 9 %
Jewelry 5 % 5 % 5 %
Total 100 % 100 % 100 %
Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar retailers with inventories across a network of stores, we are able to quickly adapt our offerings in direct response to changes in our customer's purchasing patterns. We utilize a test and re-order model to determine initial customer demand. Through constant monitoring, we aim to manage our product offerings to maximize net revenue and fulfill current demand in large growth segments where we can gain a greater share of our customers' purchases. Our merchandising team is dedicated to continually researching, pursuing and launching new products and brands. With a mandate to deliver hard-to-find value, our merchants find and curate collections of high quality goods from vendors with the scale to offer sufficient supply to our existing and future customers. We maintain strong relationships with our vendors, which are attracted by the showcasing and story-telling elements of our programming, and the volume of sales during featured presentations.
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We purchase, or obtain on consignment, products from U.S. and foreign manufacturers and wholesalers, often on favorable terms based upon the volume of the transactions. We have attracted some of the world’s most respected consumer brands as well as celebrities, entrepreneurs and designers to promote these brands. Brand leaders such as HP, Apple, Barefoot Dreams, Dyson, Skechers and Philosophy reach a broad audience while product representatives share the stories behind these brands. We have agreements with celebrities, entrepreneurs and designers such as Isaac Mizrahi, Curtis Stone and Giuliana Rancic enabling us to provide entertaining and engaging programming that develops a lifestyle bond with our customers. These celebrity personalities and product representatives often provide pre-appearance publicity for their QVC products on their own social media pages and broadcast shows, enhancing demand during their QVC appearances. We present and promote across our networks, websites, mobile applications and social platforms, allowing shoppers to engage with us on multiple platforms and devices.
We do not depend on any single supplier or designer for a significant portion of our inventory purchases.
Distribution
QVC distributes its programming via satellite and optical fiber, to cable television and direct-to-home satellite system operators for retransmission to its subscribers in the U.S., Germany, Japan, the U.K., Italy and neighboring countries. The Company also transmits its programming over digital terrestrial broadcast television to viewers throughout Italy, Germany, and the U.K. and to viewers in certain geographic regions in the U.S. In the U.S., the Company uplinks its digital programming transmissions using a third party service or internal resources. The transmissions are uplinked to protected, non-preemptible transponders on U.S. satellites. "Protected" status means that, in the event of a transponder failure, QVC's signal will be transferred to a spare transponder or, if none is available, to a preemptible transponder located on the same satellite or, in certain cases, to a transponder on another satellite owned by the same service provider if one is available at the time of the failure. "Non-preemptible" status means that, in the event of a transponder failure, QVC's transponders cannot be preempted in favor of a user of a failed transponder, even another user with "protected” status. The Company's international business units each obtain uplinking services from third parties and transmit their programming to non-preemptible transponders on international satellites and terrestrial transmitters. QVC's transponder service agreements for the Company's U.S. transponders expire at the earlier of the end of the lives of the satellites or the service agreements. The service agreements for QxH expire between 2025 and 2030. The service agreements for QVC-International transponders and terrestrial transmitters expire between 2025 and 2029.
We continually seek to expand and enhance our broadcast and e-commerce platforms, as well as to further our international operations and multimedia capabilities. In addition to our websites and mobile applications, we continue to adapt to emerging technologies to offer elements of our programming via new technologies. To reach consumers who use online sources for viewing content, our programming is being offered through virtual multichannel video providers (including Hulu + Live TV, DirecTV Stream and YouTube TV), online video distributors and programming networks that provide our content directly to consumers over the internet rather than through traditional television services (including Facebook Live, Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Xfinity Flex and Samsung TV Plus).
Affiliation agreements
We enter into long-term affiliation agreements with certain of our television distributors who downlink our programming and distribute the programming to their customers. The majority of our affiliation agreements with distributors have termination dates ranging from 2025 to 2029. Our ability to continue to sell products to our customers is dependent on our ability to maintain and renew these affiliation agreements in the future. Although we are typically successful in obtaining and renewing these agreements, we do not have distribution agreements with some of the distributors that carry our programming. We are currently providing programming without affiliation agreements to distributors representing approximately 6% of our QVC channel distribution and 1% of our HSN channel distribution. Some of our programming may continue to be carried by distributors after the expiration dates on our affiliation agreements with them have passed.
In return for carrying our signals, most programming distributors for our U.S. distribution receive an allocated portion, based upon market share, of up to 5% of the net sales of merchandise sold via the television programs and from certain internet sales to customers located in the programming distributor's service areas. In some cases, we also pay programming distributors additional compensation in the form of incentives in exchange for their commitments to maintain specific channel positioning benchmarks. QVC-International programming distributors predominantly receive an agreed-upon annual fee, a monthly or yearly fee per subscriber regardless of the net sales, a variable percentage of net sales or some combination of the above arrangements.
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In addition to sales-based commissions or per-subscriber fees, QVC also makes payments to distributors primarily in the U.S. for carriage and to secure channel positioning within a broadcast area or within the general entertainment area on the distributor's channel line-up. We believe that a portion of our sales is attributable to purchases resulting from channel "surfing" and that a channel position near broadcast networks and more popular cable networks increases the likelihood of such purchases. As technology evolves, we will continue to monitor optimal channel placement and attempt to negotiate agreements with our distributors to maximize the viewership of our television programming.
Demographics of customers
We enjoy a very loyal customer base, as demonstrated by the fact that for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, approximately 91% of our shipped sales came from repeat customers (i.e., customers who made a purchase from us during the prior twelve months), who spent an average of $1,460 each during this period. An additional 4% of shipped sales in that period came from new customers and the remaining 5% of shipped sales came from reactivated customers (i.e., customers who previously made a purchase from us, but not during the prior twelve months).
On a trailing twelve month basis, total consolidated customers were approximately 11.6 million which includes 7.6 million QxH customers and 4.0 million QVC-International customers. We believe our core customer base represents an attractive demographic target market. Based on internal customer data for QxH, approximately 74% of our 7.6 million customers for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 were women over the age of 50.
We do not depend on any single customer for a significant portion of our revenue.
Order taking and fulfillment
We take a majority of our orders via our websites and via mobile applications on iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Android and other devices. QxH and QVC-International customers placed approximately 45.7% and 41.1%, respectively, of all orders directly through their mobile devices in 2024.
We primarily utilize home based customer service agents to handle calls, e-mail contacts and social contacts, allowing staffing flexibility for peak volume hours. In addition, we utilize computerized interactive voice response order systems for telephonic orders, which handle approximately 23% of all orders taken on a worldwide basis. QxH has seven distribution centers and QVC-International has four distribution centers. Our distribution centers and drop ship partners have shipped on average 367,000 units per day at QxH and 176,000 units per day for QVC-International during 2024.
QVC has built a scalable operating infrastructure focused on sustaining efficient, flexible and cost-effective sale and distribution of our products. Since our physical store locations are minimal, we require lower inventory levels and capital expenditures compared to traditional brick-and-mortar retailers. Further, since we have no set “floor plan” and can closely manage inventory levels at our centralized warehouses, we believe we have the flexibility to analyze and react quickly to changing trends and demand by shifting programming time and product mix. Our cost structure is highly variable, which we believe allows us to consistently achieve attractive margins relative to brick-and-mortar retailers.
Third party carriers transport our packages from our distribution centers to our customers. In each market where we operate, we have negotiated long-term contracts with shipping companies, which in certain circumstances provide for favorable shipping rates.
Seasonality
QVC's business is seasonal due to a higher volume of sales in the fourth calendar quarter related to year-end holiday shopping. In recent years, QVC has earned, on average, between 22% and 24% of its revenue in each of the first three quarters of the year and 30% of its revenue in the fourth quarter of the year.
Competition
We operate in a rapidly evolving and highly competitive retail business environment. We have numerous and varied competitors at the national and local levels, ranging from large department stores to specialty shops, e-commerce retailers, direct marketing retailers, wholesale clubs, discount retailers, infomercial retailers, and mail-order and catalog companies. Some of our competitors, such as Amazon and Walmart, have a significantly greater web-presence. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our web-commerce operations are high-quality products, brand recognition, selection, value, convenience, price, website performance, customer service and accuracy of order shipment.
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We believe that QxH is a leader in video shopping, e-commerce, mobile commerce and social commerce. QxH curates quality products at outstanding values, provides exceptional customer service, establishes favorable channel positioning and multiple touchpoints across Digital Platforms and generates repeat business from our core customer base. QxH sales compare favorably to general, non-video based retailers due to our extensive customer reach and efficient cost structure. QxH's closest video shopping competitor is ShopHQ and our international operations face similar competition in their respective markets, such as Jupiter Shop Channel in Japan, HSE in Germany, and TJC, Ideal World, Gems TV, Must Have Ideas TV, and JML Direct in the U.K.
We also compete for access to customers and audience share with other providers of broadcast, digital and hard copy entertainment and content. The price and availability of other programming and the conversion to digital programming platforms may unfavorably affect the placement of our programming in the channel line-ups of our distributors and may affect our ability to obtain distribution agreements with small cable distributors. Competition from other programming also affects the compensation that must be paid to distributors for carriage. Principal competitive factors for us include (i) value, quality and selection of merchandise; (ii) customer experience, including customer service and speed, cost and reliability of fulfillment and delivery services; and (iii) convenience and accessibility of sales channels.
Human Capital
Headcount. QVC employed approximately 17,000 full-time and part-time employees as of December 31, 2024, which includes 10,600 employees at QxH and 6,400 employees at QVC-International. Employment levels fluctuate due to seasonal factors affecting our business. Additionally, we utilize independent contractors and temporary staffing personnel to supplement our workforce, particularly on a seasonal basis. We consider our employee relations to be good and a key factor in our workforce strategy.
Inclusion and Belonging. We remain committed to fostering an inclusive culture that ensures a sense of belonging for every team member, business partner and customer experience we offer by leveraging the backgrounds, perspectives and experiences of our team members to continuously exceed expectations and innovate for growth. We serve a broad range of customers around the world and we strive to understand the lives they lead in order to deliver authentic customer experiences with meaningful curated products and broad representation in our marketing, digital and on-air activities.
Team Member Engagement and Enablement. To improve team member engagement and enablement, we conduct an annual team member engagement survey and various pulse surveys throughout the year on topics such as company direction, leadership, culture, performance and rewards, and change management. The results of these surveys are used by management to improve the overall team member experience and retention, as well as help to inform our approach to company programs and practices. For example, based in part on feedback from team members we have established workstreams focused on career development, leadership competencies, and meeting free days.
Health and Safety. We are committed to maintaining a safe and secure work environment and have specific safety programs and protocols in place to protect our team members. This includes administering a comprehensive occupational injury- and illness-prevention program and training for team members. In addition to offering a variety of comprehensive health benefits plans, we also offer our team members a variety of mental, emotional, and physical wellness resources, among a number of other initiatives, such as greater access to telemedicine and home care help. Where applicable, we comply with country, state and local restrictions related to addressing specific health risks.
Government regulation
The manner in which we sell and promote merchandise and related claims and representations made in connection with these efforts is regulated by federal and state law. Some examples of regulatory agencies and regulations that affect the manner in which we sell and promote merchandise include the following:
•The Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") and the state attorneys general regulate the advertising of retail products and services offered for sale in the U.S., including, for example, the FTC's Rule Concerning the Use of Consumer Reviews and Testimonials and Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims.
•The Food and Drug Administration has specific regulations regarding claims that can be made about food products and regulates marketing claims that can be made for cosmetic beauty products, medical devices and over-the-counter drugs.
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•The Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") requires products that make certain types of claims, such as "anti-bacterial," to be registered with the EPA prior to making such claims.
•Each of the FTC's Telemarketing Sales Rules, the Federal Communication Commission's ("FCC") rules implementing the Telephone Consumer Protection Act and similar state laws, establish procedures that must be followed when telemarketing or placing particular types of calls to consumers.
•The Consumer Product Safety Commission (“CPSC”) has specific regulations regarding products that present unreasonable risks of injuries to consumers.
•Import and export laws, including U.S. economic sanction and embargo regulations, U.S. homeland security laws and regulations and other laws such as the U.S. anti-boycott law and U.S. export controls regulations may limit foreign sales.
•Comparable regulatory agencies and regulations in countries in which we have our non-U.S. operations may be applicable.
In addition, the FCC regulates the television stations, cable television systems, direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") distributors and other multichannel video programming distributors ("MVPDs") that distribute the Company’s services. The FCC has adopted various requirements related to the Company’s programming, and also licenses radio transmission facilities that the Company uses in connection with its business, such as television stations, satellite uplink/downlink facilities and internal private radio systems.
As a result of an interest in various cable operators attributed to QVC Group, the Company may be deemed to be a satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an attributable interest for purposes of various FCC rules regarding the distribution of video programming to MVPDs. These include, for example, the FCC’s program access rules, which, in general, prohibit various unfair practices involving the distribution of video programming to MVPDs; and its program carriage rules, which, among other things, prohibit cable operators from favoring affiliated programmers so as to restrain unreasonably the ability of unaffiliated programmers to compete. The FCC program access and program carriage rules also make provision for enforcement of alleged violations through complaint proceedings initiated by aggrieved entities. The Company also may be subject to program access rules as a result of an FCC condition adopted in connection with its 2008 approval of a transaction involving a predecessor of QVC Group and News Corp.
In 2000, we became subject to a consent decree issued by the FTC barring us from making certain deceptive claims for dietary supplements and specified products related to the common cold, pneumonia, hay fever and allergies. We also became subject to an expanded consent decree issued by the FTC in 2009 that terminates on the later of May 26, 2029, or 20 years from the most recent date that the U.S. or the FTC files a complaint in federal court alleging any violation thereunder. Pursuant to this expanded consent decree, we are prohibited from making certain claims about specified weight-loss, dietary supplement and anti-cellulite products unless we have competent and reliable scientific evidence to substantiate such claims. Violation of the QVC consent decree may result in the imposition of significant civil penalties for non-compliance and related redress to consumers and/or the issuance of an injunction enjoining us from engaging in prohibited activities.
In October 2023, HSN entered into a settlement agreement with the CPSC in which HSN agreed to pay a civil penalty of $16 million to settle the CPSC’s claim that HSN allegedly failed to timely submit a report under the Consumer Product Safety Act (“CPSA”) in relation to handheld clothing steamers sold by HSN under the Joy Mangano brand names My Little Steamer® and My Little Steamer® Go Mini that were subject to a voluntary recall previously announced on May 26, 2021. The settlement agreement also requires HSN to implement and maintain a compliance program to ensure compliance with the CPSA.
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Congress enacted the Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation ("CALM") Act in 2010. The CALM Act directs the FCC to incorporate into its rules and make mandatory a technical standard that is designed to prevent digital television commercial advertisements from being transmitted at louder volumes than the program material they accompany. Although the FCC's CALM Act regulations place direct compliance responsibility on broadcasters and MVPDs, the FCC adopted a "safe harbor" compliance approach applicable to commercials embedded in programming provided by programmers, such as the Company. Under the FCC's safe harbor approach, broadcasters and MVPDs may meet their CALM Act compliance obligations through reliance on programmer-provided CALM Act compliance certifications that are made "widely available" to broadcasters and MVPDs through a website or other means. The Company has determined that its programming is CALM Act compliant, and in response to requests from its distributors, and in order to allow its distributors to meet the FCC's safe harbor, the Company has posted a CALM Act compliance certification to a website that is available to its distributors.
FCC rules adopted pursuant to the Telecommunications Act of 1996 generally require closed captioning of the Company’s televised programming distributed on broadcast television stations, cable television systems, DBS and other MVPDs, with only limited exemptions. Regulations adopted by the FCC pursuant to the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 imposed captioning requirements on various types of programming distributed via internet protocol ("IP") that was previously televised with captions. The Company also is subject to the IP-captioning rules as a Video Programming Owner and as a Video Programming Distributor that distributes covered programming on its website and via mobile and video streaming platforms.
The FCC’s closed captioning rules applicable to televised programming and programming distributed by IP initially placed closed captioning compliance obligations directly on the Company’s distributors. Amendments to those rules adopted by the FCC in 2016 extend direct compliance responsibility, jointly with distributors, to video programmers such as the Company, impose certain registration and certification requirements on the Company, and subject the Company to captioning complaint procedures. The registration and certification requirements of these amended rules have not yet become effective. On July 18, 2024, the FCC released a further notice of proposed rulemaking that would exempt from the captioning and certification requirements video programmers that provide or license video programming exclusively to a non-broadcast network for distribution by an MVPD, if such network has filed registration information and a certification with the FCC indicating that the network itself is exempt, or all programming comprising its linear lineup is compliant with, or exempt from, captioning obligations. The FCC proposal remains pending. As a result of the foregoing changes and rules involving captioning of IP-delivered programming and captioning quality standards, QVC may incur additional costs and compliance obligations related to closed captioning of its programming.
We market and provide a broad range of merchandise through our broadcast networks, websites, mobile applications and social media pages. As a result, we are subject to a wide variety of statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures in various jurisdictions that are subject to change at any time, including laws regarding consumer protection, privacy, the regulation of retailers generally, the importation, sale and promotion of merchandise and the operation of retail stores and warehouse facilities, as well as laws and regulations applicable to the internet and businesses engaged in e-commerce, such as those regulating the sending of unsolicited, commercial electronic mail and texts.
For example, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (“COPPA”) prohibits web sites from collecting personal information online from children under age 13 without parental consent and imposes a number of operational requirements. On December 20, 2023, the FTC released a notice of proposed rulemaking seeking comment on revisions to the FTC’s COPPA regulations that would, among other things, further restrict the use and disclosure of children’s personal information. The FTC rulemaking proceeding remains pending. Certain email activities are subject to the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, commonly known as the CAN-SPAM Act. The CAN-SPAM Act regulates the sending of unsolicited commercial email by requiring the email sender, among other things, to comply with specific disclosure requirements and to provide an "opt-out" mechanism for recipients. Both of these laws include statutory penalties for non-compliance. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act limits, but does not eliminate, liability for listing or linking to third party websites that may include content that infringes on copyrights or other rights so long as our internet businesses comply with the statutory requirements. Various states also have adopted laws regulating certain aspects of internet communications. Federal legislation enacted in 2016 permanently extended the moratorium on state and local taxes on internet access.
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Our e-commerce businesses are subject to domestic and foreign laws governing the collection, use, retention, security and transfer of personally-identifiable information about their users. The enactment, interpretation and application of user data protection laws are in a state of flux, and the interpretation and application of such laws may vary from country to country. For example, the European Union’s ("E.U.") General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which established new data laws that give customers additional rights and impose additional restrictions and penalties on companies for illegal collection and misuse of personal information, took effect in May 2018. Further, in 2015, the Court of Justice of the E.U. invalidated the "Safe Harbor Framework," which had allowed companies to collect and process personal data in E.U. nations for use in the U.S. The E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield, which replaced the Safe Harbor Framework, and became fully operational in 2016, provided a mechanism to comply with data protection requirements when transferring personal data from the E.U. to the U.S. On July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the E.U. invalidated the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield, and imposed new obligations on the use of Standard Contractual Clauses ("SCCs") - another key mechanism to allow data transfers between the U.S. and the E.U. The European Commission adopted revised SCCs on June 4, 2021. In October 2024, the European Commission announced a consultation regarding new SCCs, which may be adopted in final form in 2025. In March 2022, the U.S. and the European Commission announced a new Transatlantic Data Privacy Framework (“DPF”) to replace the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield. On December 13, 2022, the European Commission issued an adequacy decision initiating the formal adoption process for the DPF, and the E.U. formally adopted the adequacy decision on July 10, 2023. The U.S. and the E.U. implemented the DPF in July 2023. The timing of enactment of the E.U.’s proposed ePrivacy Regulation, which, among other things, would adopt additional regulation of “cookies” and other internet tracking tools is uncertain. Following the “Brexit” withdrawal of the U.K. from the E.U., on June 28, 2021, the European Commission determined that the U.K.’s data protection laws essentially are equivalent to data protection laws in the European Economic Area. Finally, countries in other regions, most notably Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, are increasingly implementing new privacy regulations, resulting in additional compliance burdens and uncertainty as to how some of these laws will be enforced.
In the U.S., the new Congress may consider a range of legislation that would impose federal privacy obligations on organizations including obligations that could require organizations that suffer a breach of security related to personal information to notify owners of such information. Such federal legislation may not preempt similar state laws with the effect that organizations may be obligated to comply with separate federal and state laws that regulate the same activity in different, and possibly inconsistent, ways. Federal agencies, including the FTC, are seeking to regulate the use of personal data through rule-making efforts and through enforcement activities targeted at organizations. Many states have adopted laws requiring notification to users when there is a security breach affecting personal data, such as California's Information Practices Act. California also has enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which, among other things, allows California consumers to request that certain companies disclose the types of personal information collected by such companies. The CCPA took effect on January 1, 2020. The California Attorney General has issued implementation regulations and guidance regarding the CCPA, and undertook enforcement actions in 2024 regarding violations of the law. In November 2020, California voters approved the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (“CPRA”), which amends and extends the CCPA and establishes the California Privacy Protection Agency to implement and enforce consumer privacy laws.
Since the enactment of the CCPA, the following 19 additional states have enacted comprehensive privacy legislation: Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Virginia. In addition to broad consumer privacy laws, states are enacting and may continue to enact sectoral-specific privacy laws focused on health data, data about people under the age of 18, biometric data, the use of algorithms by organizations, and other matters. In some areas, the broad consumer privacy laws and sectoral-specific privacy laws may differ across states in ways that require complicated or expensive customer-facing solutions. For example, states that create opt-out or opt-in rights that differ from approaches generally taken by other states can result in a significant effort to implement and maintain solutions that comply with these more unique requirements. Private litigants are also using federal and state laws to pursue litigation related to the use of personal data, video content, chat tools and other communication tools, and trackers commonly used by organizations in the operation of consumer-facing websites and applications. Complying with these different national and state privacy requirements may cause us to incur substantial costs. In addition, we generally have and post on our websites privacy policies and practices regarding the collection, use and disclosure of user data. A failure to comply with such posted privacy policies or with the regulatory requirements of federal, state, or foreign privacy laws could result in proceedings or actions by governmental agencies or others (such as class action litigation) which could adversely affect our business.
Our business is also dependent upon our continued ability to transmit our programming to television distributors from our third party FCC-licensed satellite uplink and downlink facilities, which are subject to FCC compliance in the U.S. and foreign regulatory requirements in our international operations.
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For information regarding regulations related to U.S. trade policy with China, see the risk factor "Significant developments stemming from U.S. and international trade policy with China, including in response to forced labor and human rights abuses in China may adversely impact our business and operating results" in Item 1A., "Risk Factors."
Intellectual property
We regard our trademarks, service marks, patents, copyrights, domain names, trade dress, trade secrets, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success. We rely on a combination of trademark, patent and copyright law, trade-secret protection, and confidentiality and/or license agreements with our employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates and others to protect these proprietary rights. We have registered, or applied for the registration of, a number of trademarks, service marks, patents, copyrights and domain names through U.S. and foreign governmental authorities and vigorously protect our proprietary rights against infringement.
In the U.S., we have registered trademarks and service marks including, but not limited to our brand names and logo, "QVC," "Quality Value Convenience," the "Q Logo," and "Q" and trademarks for our proprietary products sold such as "Arte D’Oro," "Cook’s Essentials," "Denim & Co.," "Diamonique," "Northern Nights" and "Zuda." Similarly, foreign registrations have been obtained for many trademarks and service marks for our brand names, logo and propriety products including, but not limited to, "QVC," the "Q Logo," "Cook’s Essentials," "Denim & Co.," "Diamonique" and "Northern Nights."
HSN has numerous trademark registrations or pending applications in the U.S. which help to expand HSN’s brand awareness. These registrations and applications include the “HSN” brand name and the “HSN logo” as well as registrations for HSN’s propriety products and services, including, but not limited to, “HSN Shop By Remote,” “Tech Impressions,” and “Concierge Collection.”
We consider the "QVC" and "HSN" brands the most significant trademarks and service marks held by us because of their impact on market awareness across all of our geographic markets and on customers’ identification with us. Our trademark and service mark registrations in the U.S. for “QVC” and “HSN” are for a ten year period and are renewable every ten years, prior to their respective expirations, as long as the trademarks or service marks are used in the regular course of trade.
QVC Group relationship and related party transactions
The Company is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of QVC Group (Nasdaq: QVCGA, QVCGB and QVCGP), which owns Cornerstone Brands, Inc. ("CBI"), as well as other minority investments. QVC is part of QVC Group, a portfolio of brands including QVC and CBI. Zulily, LLC (“Zulily”) was a wholly owned subsidiary of QVC Group until its divestiture on May 24, 2023.
QVC engaged with Zulily, which had been a wholly-owned subsidiary of QVC Group since October 2015. Zulily is not part of the results of operations or financial position of QVC presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Prior to QVC Group’s divestiture of Zulily, QVC and Zulily engaged in multiple transactions relating to sales, sourcing of merchandise, marketing initiatives, and business advisory services. Refer to note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
QVC engages with CBI, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of QVC Group and prior to the common control transaction between QVC and QVC Group, was included as part of HSN. CBI is not part of the results of operations or financial position of QVC presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. During the year ended December 31, 2024, QVC and CBI engaged in multiple transactions relating to sourcing of merchandise, personnel and business advisory services. Refer to note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further details.
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On December 30, 2020, the Company and Liberty Interactive LLC ("LIC") completed an internal realignment of the Company's global finance structure that resulted in a common control transaction with QVC Group. As part of the common control transaction, LIC issued a promissory note (“LIC Note”) to a subsidiary of the Company with an initial face amount of $1.8 billion, a stated interest rate of 0.48% and a maturity of December 29, 2029. Interest on the LIC Note is paid annually. QVC recorded $8 million and $9 million of related party interest income for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in interest expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations.
On October 27, 2021, QVC amended and restated its senior secured credit facility (the "Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement") which is a multi-currency facility that provides for a $3.25 billion revolving credit facility (see note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement may be borrowed on by QVC, CBI, and QVC Global (collectively, the “Borrowers”). Under the terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Borrowers are jointly and severally liable for all outstanding borrowings. In accordance with the accounting guidance for obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements, QVC will record a liability for amounts it has borrowed under the senior secured credit facility plus any additional amount it expects to repay on behalf of CBI. There were no borrowings by CBI outstanding on the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
On June 27, 2022, QVC Group announced a five-point turnaround plan designed to stabilize and differentiate its core HSN and QVC-U.S. businesses and expand the Company's leadership in video streaming commerce (“Project Athens”). Project Athens main initiatives included: (i) improve customer experience and grow relationships; (ii) rigorously execute core processes; (iii) lower cost to serve; (iv) optimize the brand portfolio; and (v) build new high growth businesses.
During 2022, QVC commenced the first phase of Project Athens, including actions to reduce inventory and a planned workforce reduction that was completed in February 2023. QVC recorded restructuring charges of $13 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 in restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) in the consolidated statement of operations. These initiatives were consistent with QVC’s strategy to operate more efficiently as it implemented its turnaround plan.
During the second quarter of 2024, QVC entered into an agreement and announced a plan to shift its global operating model for information technology services to a managed services model. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2024 QVC recorded restructuring charges of $18 million in restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) in the consolidated statements of operations.
Project Athens laid the foundation for sustained growth by enhancing operational efficiency and financial margins and embedding a culture of continuous improvement. Following the completion of Project Athens and building on these successes, on November 14, 2024 QVC announced a transition to the WIN strategy, targeting top-line growth through three central priorities: (i) ‘Wherever She Shops’ - aims to enhance customer interactions across diverse platforms; (ii) ‘Inspiring People & Products’ - fosters rich, engaging content experiences; and (iii) ‘New Ways of Working’ - emphasizes leveraging technology and process enhancements to streamline operations and fuel innovation. With the strategy, QVC plans to broaden content outreach by creating dynamic, purpose-built experiences that resonate across social media and digital streaming channels. By optimizing our production studios and fostering continuous improvement, we envisage content creation as an integrated, efficient process that adapts to various platforms without losing the essence of our brand. We aim to grow audiences and redefine shopping experiences, ensuring that we meet our customers wherever they are while building on our heritage for sustained success.
On January 29, 2025, the Company announced the consolidation of its QVC and HSN operations at the Company’s Studio Park location in West Chester, PA, and the closing of the St. Petersburg, FL campus. The consolidation is part of QVC’s organizational and strategic changes intended to support the Company’s growth strategy. We are currently evaluating the financial impact of the consolidation and anticipate recording severance and accelerated depreciation.
We are a "close corporation" under Delaware law and, as such, our stockholder, rather than a board of directors, manages our business. Since our stockholder is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of QVC Group, certain aspects of our management, including the approval of significant corporate transactions such as a change of control, are controlled by QVC Group, rather than an independent governing body. Our Chief Executive Officer and President, David L. Rawlinson II, also became President and Chief Executive Officer of QVC Group during 2021.
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QVC Group's interests may not coincide with our interests or yours and QVC Group may cause us to enter into transactions or agreements with related parties or approve corporate actions that could involve conflicts of interest. For example, QVC Group's dependence on our cash flow for servicing its debt and for other purposes is likely to result in our payment of large dividends to QVC Group, which may increase our leverage and decrease our liquidity. We paid $108 million, $437 million, and $1,270 million of dividends to QVC Group during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. See also Item 1A. "Risk Factors."
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The risks described below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only ones that relate to our businesses or our capitalization. The risks described below are considered to be the most material. However, there may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that also could have material adverse effects on our businesses. Past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of the events described below were to occur, our businesses, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Risk Factor Summary
The following is a summary of the material risk factors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations:
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Business
•Business improvement initiatives focused on promoting business growth strategies and generating cost savings may not be successful in generating operating results in the anticipated amounts, it may take longer than expected to realize, or they could produce such results for only for a limited period.
•The retail business environment is subject to intense competition, and we may not be able to effectively compete for customers.
•Our net revenue and operating results depend on our ability to predict or respond to consumer preferences.
•Our long-term success depends in large part on our continued ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers and we may not be able to do that in a cost-effective manner.
•We depend on the television distributors that carry our programming and no assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain and renew our affiliation agreements on favorable terms or at all.
•The failure to maintain suitable placement for our programming or to adapt to changes in consumer behavior driven by online video distribution platforms for viewing content could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain television viewers and could result in a decrease in revenue.
•We may be subject to claims for representations made in connection with the sale and promotion of merchandise or for harm experienced by customers who purchase merchandise from us.
•Failure to comply with existing laws, rules and regulations, including any new legislation or regulations related to climate change, or to obtain and maintain required licenses and rights, could subject us to additional liabilities.
•Use of social media and influencers may materially and adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.
•Legislation or regulations related to climate change and focus by governmental and non-governmental organizations, stockholders and customers on sustainability issues may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
•We may fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights or may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties.
•We offer our installment payment option on most of our merchandise and, in certain circumstances, offer it as the default payment option. Failure to effectively manage our installment sales plans and revolving credit card programs could negatively impact our results of operations.
•Increases in labor costs could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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•Natural disasters, political crises, and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control, including climate change, may damage our facilities or the facilities of third parties on which we depend, adversely affect our ability to operate our businesses and have broader effects.
•Our business, key financial and operating metrics, and results of operations have been, and may in the future be, negatively impacted by a pandemic or epidemic, such as COVID-19
•Impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Technology and Information Security
•Any continued or permanent inability to transmit our programming via satellite would result in lost revenue and could result in lost customers.
•Our e-commerce business could be negatively affected by changes in third-party digital platform algorithms and dynamics as well as our inability to monetize the resulting web traffic.
•Our e-commerce business may experience difficulty in the ongoing development, implementation and customer acceptance of applications for personal electronic devices, which could harm our business.
•Our business is subject to cyber security risks, including cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents, such as security breaches and identity theft.
•System interruption and the lack of integration and redundancy in these systems and infrastructures may adversely affect our ability to transmit our television programs, operate websites, process and fulfill transactions, respond to customer inquiries and generally maintain cost-efficient operations.
•The processing, storage, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of personal data could give rise to liabilities as a result of governmental regulation, conflicting legal requirements and policies or differing views of personal privacy rights.
Risks Related to Economic Conditions
•We have operations outside of the U.S. that are subject to numerous operational and financial risks.
•Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may lead to lower revenues and earnings.
•Weak and uncertain economic conditions worldwide may reduce consumer demand for our products and services.
•Uncertainty and increases in market interest rates could increase our operating costs and decrease consumer demand, which may adversely affect our business.
•Significant developments stemming from U.S. and international trade policy with China, including in response to forced labor and human rights abuses in China, may adversely impact our business and operating results.
Risks Related to our Facilities and Third-Party Suppliers and Vendors
•We rely on distribution facilities to operate our business, and any damage to one of these facilities, or any disruptions caused by incorporating new facilities into our operations, could have a material adverse impact on our business.
•We rely on independent shipping companies to deliver the products we sell.
•We depend on relationships with vendors, manufacturers and other third parties, and any adverse changes in these relationships could result in a failure to meet customer expectations which could result in lost revenue.
•The unanticipated loss of certain larger vendors or the consolidation of our vendors could negatively impact our sales and profitability on a short-term basis.
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Risks Related to the Seasonality of Our Business
•We face significant inventory risk.
•The seasonality of our business places increased strain on our operations.
Risk Related to Management and Key Personnel
•Our success depends in large part on our ability to recruit and retain key employees capable of executing our unique business model.
•We have not voluntarily implemented various corporate governance measures, in the absence of which you may have more limited protections against interested transactions, conflicts of interest and similar matters.
•The interests of our stockholder may not coincide with your interests and our stockholder may make decisions with which you may disagree.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
•We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations.
•Our level of indebtedness could limit our flexibility in responding to current market conditions, adversely affect our financial position, prevent us from meeting our obligations under our debt instruments or otherwise restrict our business activities.
•We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our debt obligations.
•We may need to refinance our indebtedness.
•Despite our current level of indebtedness, we may still incur substantially more indebtedness. This could exacerbate the risks associated with our existing indebtedness.
•Covenants in our debt agreements restrict our business in many ways.
•We may be limited in our ability to pay dividends or make other restricted payments to QVC Group.
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Business
Business improvement initiatives focused on promoting business growth strategies and generating cost savings may not be successful in generating results in the anticipated amounts, may take longer than expected to realize, or could produce results for only for a limited period
QVC Group has implemented, and in the future will continue to implement, business improvement initiatives focused on promoting business growth strategies and generating cost savings. For example, during the second quarter of 2024, we entered into an agreement and announced a plan to shift our global operating model for information technology services to a managed services model. However, these initiatives require us to incur additional expenses, which could adversely impact our financial results prior to the realization of the expected benefits associated with these initiatives. These initiatives could also divert the attention of management and cause disruptions in our business, which could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results. Due to numerous factors or future developments, we may not achieve cost reductions or other business improvements consistent with our expectations or the benefits may be delayed or achieved for only a limited period. These factors or future developments could include the incurrence of higher than expected costs or delays in workforce reduction
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measures, actual savings differing from anticipated cost savings, anticipated benefits from business improvement initiatives not materializing and disruptions to normal operations or other unintended adverse impacts resulting from the initiatives.
The retail business environment is subject to intense competition, and we may not be able to effectively compete for customers
We operate in a rapidly evolving and highly competitive retail business environment. Although we are the U.S.’s largest television shopping retailer, we have numerous and varied competitors at the national and local levels, ranging from large department stores to specialty shops, electronic retailers, direct marketing retailers, wholesale clubs, discount retailers, other televised shopping retailers such as ShopHQ and JTV (Jewelry Television) in the U.S., Jupiter Shop Channel in Japan, HSE in Germany, GM24 in Italy, and Ideal World in the U.K., infomercial retailers, internet retailers, including livestream shopping retailers and platforms, and mail-order and catalog companies. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater resources, longer histories, more customers and greater brand recognition than we do. They may secure better terms from vendors, adopt more aggressive pricing, offer free or subsidized shipping and devote more resources to technology, fulfillment and marketing. Other companies also may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitive positions. Such business combinations or alliances may result in competitors with greatly improved financial resources, improved access to merchandise, greater market penetration than they previously enjoyed and other improvements in their competitive positions. This may cause our customers to elect to purchase products from a competitor that they would have historically purchased from QVC, resulting in less revenue to QVC.
Although we sell a variety of exclusive products, one of the most significant challenges we face is competition on the basis of price. Price is of great importance to most customers, and price transparency and comparability continues to increase, particularly as a result of digital technology. The ability of consumers to compare prices on a real-time basis puts additional pressure on us to maintain competitive prices. Additionally, as a result of inflationary pressures currently being experienced, our cost to obtain, import and deliver the products we sell has increased, which has required us to charge consumers more for those products, or reduce our margin on those products, or both. These price increases may result in us being unable to maintain competitive prices with other retailers.
In addition, many retailers, especially online retailers with whom we compete, are currently offering customers more competitive shipping and returns terms than QVC, including faster delivery and free or discounted shipping and returns. As a result of these practices, we may experience further competitive pressures to attract customers and/or to change our shipping and returns program in order to retain existing customers. Our ability to be competitive on delivery times and shipping costs depends on many factors, and our failure to successfully manage these factors and offer competitive shipping terms could negatively impact the demand for our products and our profit margins. We also compete for access to customers and audience share with other providers of televised, online and hard copy entertainment and content. Our inability to compete effectively with regard to the assortment, product price, shipping terms, shipping pricing or free shipping and quality of the merchandise we offer for sale or to keep pace with competitors in our marketing, service, location, reputation, credit availability and technologies, could have a material adverse effect.
Our net revenue and operating results depend on our ability to predict or respond to consumer preferences
Our net revenue and operating results depend, in part, on our ability to predict or respond to changes in consumer preferences and fashion trends in a timely manner. We develop new retail concepts and continuously adjust our product mix in an effort to satisfy customer demands. Consumer preferences may be affected by many factors outside of our control, including responses of competitors and general economic conditions. Any sustained failure by us to identify and respond to emerging trends in lifestyle and consumer preferences could have a material adverse effect on our relationship with our customers and the demand for the products we sell.
Our long-term success depends in large part on our continued ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers and we may not be able to do that in a cost-effective manner
In an effort to attract and retain customers, we engage in various merchandising and marketing initiatives, which involve the expenditure of money and resources, particularly in the case of the production and distribution of our television programming, digital content (including through streaming and social media), and digital marketing. We have spent, and expect to continue to spend, increasing amounts of money on, and devote greater resources to, certain of these initiatives, particularly in our
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continuing efforts to increasingly engage customers through online digital marketing and to personalizing our customers’ shopping experience. These initiatives, however, may not resonate with existing customers or consumers generally or may not be as cost-effective as traditional television advertising. In addition, costs associated with the production and distribution of our television programming and digital content and costs associated with digital marketing, including marketing on third-party platforms such as Alphabet, Meta, TikTok, Roku and Amazon Fire, have increased and are likely to continue to increase in the foreseeable future and, if significant, could have a material adverse effect to the extent that they do not result in corresponding increases in net revenue.
We depend on the television distributors that carry our programming and no assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain and renew our affiliation agreements on favorable terms or at all
In the U.S., we currently distribute our programming through affiliation or transmission agreements with many television service providers, including, but not limited to, Comcast, DIRECTV, Charter, DISH, Verizon and Cox. Internationally, we currently distribute our programming through providers such as Vodafone TV Connect and Vodafone GigaTV, Freenet TV, SES ASTRA, Telekom Matenta TV, PYUR, A1 Xplore TV, Jupiter Telecommunications, Ltd., BS Nippon Corporation, The Sky Perfect JSAT Group, World Hi-Vision Channel, Inc., Sky UK, Freesat, Freeview Virgin Media, Tivu Tivusat and Sky Italia. The majority of our affiliation agreements with distributors have expired and are in renegotiations or are scheduled to expire between 2025 to 2029 unless renewed prior to the applicable expiration. As part of normal course renewal discussions, occasionally we have disagreements with our distributors over the terms of our carriage, such as channel placement or other contract terms. If not resolved through business negotiation, such disagreements could result in litigation or termination of an existing agreement. Termination of an existing agreement resulting in the loss of distribution of our programming to a material portion of our television households may adversely affect our growth, net revenue and earnings.
The renewal negotiation process for affiliation agreements is typically lengthy. In some cases, renewals are not agreed upon prior to the expiration of a given agreement while the programming continues to be carried by the relevant distributor without an effective agreement in place. We do not have distribution agreements with some of the cable operators that carry our programming. In total, we are currently providing programming without affiliation agreements to distributors representing approximately 6% of our QVC-U.S. distribution and approximately 1% of our HSN cable television distribution. Some of our international programming may continue to be carried by distributors after the expiration dates on our affiliation agreements with them have passed.
We may be unable to obtain renewals with our current distributors on acceptable terms, if at all. We may also be unable to successfully negotiate affiliation agreements with new or existing distributors to carry our programming and no assurance can be given that we will be successful in negotiating renewals with these distributors or that the financial and other terms of these renewals will be acceptable. Although we consider our current levels of distribution without written agreement to be ordinary course, the failure to successfully renew or negotiate new affiliation agreements covering a material portion of television households could result in a discontinuation of carriage that may adversely affect our viewership, growth, net revenue and earnings.
The failure to maintain suitable placement for our programming or to adapt to changes in consumer behavior driven by online video distribution platforms for viewing content could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain television viewers and could result in a decrease in revenue
We are dependent upon the continued ability of our programming to compete for viewers. Effectively competing for television viewers is dependent, in substantial part, on our ability to negotiate and maintain placement of our programming at a favorable channel position, such as in a basic tier or within a general entertainment or general broadcasting tier. Less favorable channel position for our programming, such as placement adjacent to programming that does not complement our programming, a position next to our televised home shopping competitors or isolation in a "shopping" tier, or lack of a high-definition formatted presentation could adversely affect our ability to attract television viewers to our programming.
Changes in consumer behavior driven by online video distribution platforms for viewing content may have an adverse impact on our business. Distribution platforms for viewing content over the internet have been, and will likely continue to be, developed that further increase the competition for viewers of programming. These distribution platforms are driving changes in consumer behavior as consumers seek more control over when, where and how they consume content.
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Consumers are increasingly turning to online sources for viewing content, which has and likely will continue to reduce the number of viewers of our television programming. Although we have attempted to adapt our offerings to changing consumer behaviors, virtual multichannel video providers, online video distributors and programming networks providing their content directly to consumers over the internet rather than through traditional television services continue to emerge, gain consumer acceptance and disrupt traditional television distribution services, which we rely on for the distribution of our television programming.
The increasing number of companies offering streaming services, including some with exclusive high-quality original video programming, as well as programming networks offering content directly to consumers over the internet, has increased the number of entertainment choices available to consumers, which has intensified audience fragmentation. The increase in entertainment choices adversely affects the viewership of our programming. Although we have secured the placement of our streaming service and primary channels on most major streaming platforms (such as Samsung, Roku, Amazon, Vizio, and LG), we face the risk that we may be unable to maintain our current placements, obtain new placements as new platforms develop or optimize consumer discovery.
Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and adapt to technological changes and to offer elements of our programming via new technologies in a cost-effective manner that meet customer demands and evolving industry standards. Our failure to effectively anticipate or adapt to emerging technologies or competitors or changes in consumer behavior, including among younger consumers, could have an adverse effect on our competitive position, businesses and results of operations.
We may be subject to claims for representations made in connection with the sale and promotion of merchandise or for harm experienced by customers who purchase merchandise from us
The manner in which we sell and promote merchandise and related claims and representations made in connection with these efforts is regulated by federal, state and local law, as well as the laws of the foreign countries in which we operate. We may be exposed to potential liability from claims by purchasers or by regulators and law enforcement agencies, including, but not limited to, claims for personal injury, wrongful death and damage to personal property relating to merchandise sold and misrepresentation of merchandise features and benefits. In certain instances, we have the right to seek indemnification for related liabilities from our vendors and may require such vendors to carry minimum levels of product liability and errors and omissions insurance. These vendors, however, may be unable to satisfy indemnification claims, obtain suitable coverage or maintain this coverage on acceptable terms, or insurance may provide inadequate coverage or be unavailable with respect to a particular claim. See Item 1. "Business - Government regulation" for further discussion of regulations to which we are subject.
In 2000, we became subject to a consent decree issued by the FTC barring us from making certain deceptive claims for dietary supplements and specified products related to the common cold, pneumonia, hay fever and allergies. We also became subject to an expanded consent decree issued by the FTC in 2009 that terminates on the later of May 26, 2029, or 20 years from the most recent date that the U.S. or the FTC files a complaint in federal court alleging any violation thereunder. Pursuant to this expanded consent decree, we are prohibited from making certain claims about specified weight-loss, dietary supplement and anti-cellulite products unless we have competent and reliable scientific evidence to substantiate such claims. Violation of the QVC consent decree may result in the imposition of significant civil penalties for non-compliance and related redress to consumers and/or the issuance of an injunction enjoining us from engaging in prohibited activities.
In October 2023, HSN entered into a settlement agreement with the CPSC in which HSN agreed to pay a civil penalty of $16 million to settle the CPSC’s claim that HSN allegedly failed to timely submit a report under the CPSA in relation to handheld clothing steamers sold by HSN under the Joy Mangano brand names My Little Steamer® and My Little Steamer® Go Mini that were subject to a voluntary recall previously announced on May 26, 2021. The settlement agreement also requires HSN to implement and maintain a compliance program to ensure compliance with the CPSA. As part of that program, during October and November 2024, HSN conducted the first of three annual internal audits of the effectiveness of our policies, procedures, systems and training related to CPSA compliance. HSN also submitted the first of three annual reports to the CPSC’s Office of Compliance, Division of Enforcement and Litigation, on December 20, 2024. Violation of these consent decrees and settlement agreements may result in the imposition of significant civil penalties for non-compliance and related redress to consumers and/or the issuance of an injunction enjoining these businesses from engaging in prohibited activities.
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Failure to comply with existing laws, rules and regulations, or to obtain and maintain required licenses and rights, could subject us to additional liabilities
We market and provide a broad range of merchandise through television shopping programs, digital content (including through streaming and social media), and, to an increasing extent, digital marketing. As a result, we are subject to a wide variety of laws, rules, regulations, policies and procedures in various jurisdictions, including foreign jurisdictions, which are subject to change at any time, including laws regarding consumer protection, privacy, the regulation of retailers generally, the license requirements for television retailers in foreign jurisdictions, the importation, sale and promotion of merchandise and the operation of warehouse facilities, as well as laws and regulations applicable to the internet and businesses engaged in online and mobile commerce, such as those regulating the sending of unsolicited, commercial electronic mail and texts. See Item 1. “Business - Government regulation” for further discussions of regulations to which we are subject. Additionally, we accept payments for our products using a variety of methods. For existing and future payment options we offer to our customers, we currently are subject to, and may become subject to additional, regulations and compliance requirements (including obligations to implement enhanced authentication processes that could result in significant costs and reduce the ease of use of our payment products). Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in a revocation of required licenses, fines and/or proceedings against us by governmental agencies and/or consumers, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, unfavorable changes in the laws, rules and regulations applicable to us could decrease demand for merchandise offered by us, increase costs and/or subject us to additional liabilities. Similarly, new disclosure and reporting requirements, established under existing or new state or federal laws, such as requirements to disclose efforts to identify the origin and existence of certain "conflict minerals" or abusive labor practices in portions of our supply chain, could increase the cost of doing business, adversely affecting our results of operations. Finally, certain of these regulations impact the marketing efforts of our brands and business.
Use of social media and influencers may materially and adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties
We use third-party social media platforms as, among other things, selling and marketing tools. Many of our products are endorsed by celebrities, designers and other well-known personalities and influencers who often join our presenters on our live programming and provide lead-in publicity on their own social media pages, websites and other customer touchpoints. As existing e-commerce and social media platforms continue to rapidly evolve and new platforms develop, we must continue to maintain a presence on these platforms and establish presences on new or emerging popular social media platforms. If we are unable to cost-effectively use social media platforms as marketing tools or if the social media platforms we use change their policies or algorithms, we may not be able to fully optimize such platforms, and our ability to maintain and acquire customers and our financial condition may suffer.
Furthermore, as laws and regulations and public opinion rapidly evolve to govern the use of these platforms and devices, they can be subject to disruptions for reasons beyond our control. For example, lawmakers in the U.S., Europe and Canada have recently escalated efforts to restrict access to TikTok. On April 24, 2024, President Biden signed a bill to either force a sale of TikTok by its Chinese owner, ByteDance, or institute a ban on the app in the U.S. The deadline for a sale or a shutdown of operations was January 19, 2025, and, although the deadline has been extended by President Trump, TikTok experienced a temporary shutdown of its operations. Individual states, governmental bodies and institutions have also voiced concerns that TikTok poses a national security threat and have pursued similar prohibitions. The failure by us, our employees, or our network of celebrities, designers and other well-known personalities and influencers to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms and devices or otherwise could subject us to regulatory investigations, class action lawsuits, liability, fines or other penalties and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
In addition, an increase in the use of social media for product promotion and marketing may cause an increase in the burden on us to monitor compliance of such materials and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. For example, in some cases, the FTC has sought enforcement action where an endorsement has failed to clearly and conspicuously disclose a financial relationship or material connection between an influencer and an advertiser.
Although we require influencers who we retain to agree to comply with our terms and conditions, as well as applicable laws, regulations, guidelines, and other requirements applicable to the activities of our influencers, we do not specifically prescribe what our influencers post. Other influencers who make claims or statements about our products may be subject to terms and
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conditions of social media platforms instead of our terms and conditions. In some cases, we may ask an influencer to edit or remove unsubstantiated claims or statements that could be misleading to our consumers. However, if we were held responsible for the content of our influencers’ posts or their actions or for the content or actions of other influencers, we could be fined or forced to alter our practices, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
Negative commentary regarding us, our products or influencers and other third parties who are affiliated with us may also be posted on social media platforms and may be adverse to our reputation or business. Influencers with whom we maintain relationships, or who otherwise promote our products through a separate relationship with a social media platform, could engage in behavior or use their platforms to communicate directly with our customers in a manner that reflects poorly on our brand and may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect us. It is not possible to prevent such behavior, and the precautions we take to detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our target consumers often value readily available information and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. The harm may be immediate, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.
Legislation or regulations related to climate change and focus by governmental and non-governmental organizations, stockholders and customers on sustainability issues may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations
National, state and local governments, as well as some of our customers, , investors, employees, business affiliates and other stakeholders have been focused on ESG matters, such as climate change, environmental stewardship, water use, social responsibility, responsible sourcing, sustainable packaging and supply chain practices, animal health and welfare, human rights in our supply chain and human capital in our operations. This focus on sustainability has resulted in new domestic and international legislation or regulations and growing customer expectations relating to reporting on greenhouse gas emissions and other sustainability matters that could negatively affect us as we may incur additional costs or be required to make changes to our operations in order to comply with these new regulations or result in loss of business if our reporting does not satisfy customer expectations. On March 21, 2022, the SEC proposed new rules relating to the disclosure of a range of climate-related risks and final rules were adopted in March 2024. Although the climate-related disclosure rules have been stayed by the SEC pending litigation challenging the rules, if the rules are implemented we may incur increased costs relating to the assessment and disclosure of climate-related risks. The domestic and international jurisdictions in which we operate are following different approaches to the regulation of climate change and other sustainability matters, which increases the complexity of, and potential cost related to complying with, such regulations. On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement, marking a significant shift in U.S. climate policy. It remains unclear what further actions President Trump may take with respect to domestic and international programs and initiatives, what support the Trump administration would have for any potential changes to such legislative programs and initiatives in the U.N. or Congress and what the impact of any such changes might be.
Legislation or regulations that impose, or could potentially impose restrictions, caps, taxes or other controls on energy use, packaging and waste, sustainable value chain practices, animal health and welfare and water use may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Such restrictions, caps, taxes or other controls may also increase the operating costs of our various vendors, which in turn could increase our cost of doing business or impact our revenues, and if we fail to comply with such regulations, we could be subject to fines, enforcement actions or litigation and experience reputational damage. Additionally, if our various vendors are unable or unwilling to comply with providing us the necessary greenhouse gas, social or other information or packaging and waste data required by legislative or regulatory actions, we could be subject to regulatory actions if we are found to not have satisfied such regulatory requirements, and our associated cost of disclosure, our overall financial results as a result of strained relationships with our customers and vendors, or our reputation may be materially adversely affected. In addition, our revenues could decrease if we are unable to meet customer sustainability requirements or competitive pressures to source products that are, or are perceived as, sustainable. These additional costs, changes in operations or loss of revenues may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Additionally, our failure or perceived failure to meet our ESG goals and targets, or our failure or perceived failure to meet regulatory requirements or the expectations of non-governmental organizations, investors, employees, business affiliates, customers or other stakeholders could lead to fines, litigation, loss of business relationships, decreased customer loyalty, reputational damage, reduced demand for our products and other negative impacts on our business and operations.
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We may fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights or may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties
We regard our intellectual property rights, including our service marks, trademarks, patents and domain names, copyrights (including our programming and our websites), trade secrets and similar intellectual property, as critical to our success. Our business also relies heavily upon software codes, informational databases and other components that make up their products and services.
From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged infringement of the trademarks, patents, copyrights and other intellectual property rights of third parties. In addition, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any litigation of this nature, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights, particularly our proprietary brands, in a meaningful manner or third party challenges to related contractual rights could result in erosion of brand names and limit our ability to control marketing on or through the internet using our various domain names or otherwise, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We offer our installment payment option on most of our merchandise and, in certain circumstances, offer it as the default payment option. Failure to effectively manage our installment sales plans and revolving credit card programs could negatively impact our results of operations
We offer an installment payment option in all our markets other than Japan, which is available on certain merchandise we sell. This installment payment option is called “Easy-Pay” at QVC-U.S. and in the U.K., “Q-Pay” in Germany and Italy, and “Flex-Pay” at HSN. Our installment payment option is currently offered on most of our merchandise and, for QVC-U.S. website and mobile sales, is the default payment option on all products on which it is offered. Full payment for merchandise at the time of sale would require the customer to affirmatively change that option. Our installment payment option, when offered, allows customers to pay for certain merchandise in multiple interest-free monthly installments. When the installment payment option is offered by us and elected by the customer (or if the customer inadvertently purchases merchandise using the installment payment option because it was the default payment option), the first installment is typically billed to the customer’s credit or debit card upon shipment. Generally, the customer’s credit or debit card is subsequently billed in additional monthly installments until we have billed the total purchase price of the products. We cannot predict whether customers will pay their installments when due or at all, regardless of whether the customer would have preferred to pay in one lump-sum but did not opt out of the installment payment option. Accordingly, we maintain an allowance for customer bad debts arising from these late and unpaid installments. This provision for customer bad debts is provided as a percentage of accounts receivable based on our historical experience in the period of sale and is included within selling, general and administrative expense. To the extent that customers elect installment payment options at greater rates, or to the extent the number of customers failing to opt out of the default installment payment option increases, we would be required to maintain a greater allowance for customer bad debt and to the extent that installment payment option losses exceed historical levels, our results of operations may be negatively impacted.
Most major retailers either directly or through third parties offer some form of Buy Now Pay Later (“BNPL”) financing arrangements, typically through a digital user account, which allow the consumer to access credit on a repeated basis. Recently, in the U.S., the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) indicated that these BNPL financing arrangements meet the criteria for credit card providers under the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”). However, QVC and HSN do not utilize digital user accounts for either Easy Pay or FlexPay, and therefore have taken the position that CFPB’s interpretive rule does not apply to our practices. Easy Pay and FlexPay are available to any qualified consumer who is purchasing from QVC and HSN, with or without a QVC or HSN customer account, and offered on a one-time basis that does not enable a consumer to access future credit. Although we believe this most recent guidance does not impact our practices, we cannot predict future scrutiny by the CFPB or changes to existing laws and regulations or their interpretation, or the adoption of new laws or regulations, which could require mandatory changes to our installment payment options. Implementing these changes may increase our costs to maintain our installment payment options and may make our installment payment options less desirable to our customers which could lead to a decline in sales; additionally, failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in the imposition of fines and penalties, any of which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
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In the U.S., QxH has agreements with a large consumer financial institution (the "Bank") pursuant to which the Bank provides revolving credit directly to our customers for the sole purpose of purchasing merchandise from us with a Private Label Credit Card ("PLCC"). We cannot predict the extent to which customers will use the PLCC, nor the extent that they will make payments on their outstanding balances, especially during periods of high economic uncertainty or in response to inflationary pressures. As QVC receives a portion of the net economics from the credit card program, the ability of customers to make payments on their outstanding balances due to circumstances related to economic uncertainty or inflationary pressures could result in reduced PLCC income to QxH from the Bank. Additionally, in March 2024, the CFPB issued a final rule limiting credit card penalty fees, which was stayed pending ongoing litigation, and proposed regulations limiting late fees on credit card payments could also result in reduced PLCC income to QxH from the Bank.
Increases in labor costs could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations
Labor is a significant portion of our cost structure and is subject to many external factors, including unemployment levels, prevailing wage rates, minimum wage laws, exempt status salary statutory thresholds, potential collective bargaining arrangements, general inflationary pressures, health and other insurance costs and changes in employment and labor legislation or other workplace regulation. From time to time, legislative proposals are made to increase federal, state and local minimum wage rates , to limit exemptions from federal and state minimum wage laws for white collar jobs and to create or extend benefit programs, such as health insurance and paid sick and other leave programs. As minimum wage rates increase or related laws and regulations change, or as labor market demand increases, we may need to increase the wages paid to our hourly or salaried employees. Any increase in the cost of our labor could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or, if we fail to pay such higher wages we could suffer increased employee turnover. In addition, increases in labor costs could force us to increase prices, which could adversely impact our sales. If competitive pressures or other factors prevent us from offsetting increased labor costs by increases in prices, our profits may decline and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Additionally, any increase in the cost of labor for our third party carriers and suppliers could increase our cost of shipping and materials, which may adversely affect our ability to increase or maintain our revenue.
Natural disasters, political crises, and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control, including climate change, may damage our facilities or the facilities of third parties on which we depend, adversely affect our ability to operate our businesses and have broader effects
Our corporate headquarters and operations center are located in West Chester, Pennsylvania, and we also operate regional headquarters and administrative offices, distribution centers and contact centers worldwide. If any of these facilities or the facilities of our vendors or third-party service providers are affected by natural disasters (such as fires, earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, power shortages or outages, floods or monsoons), public health crises (including resurgences of COVID-19 and its variants or future pandemics and epidemics), political crises (such as terrorism, war, political instability, geopolitical tension, insurrections or other conflict), or other events outside of our control, including climate change, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Although we maintain property, general liability and business interruption insurance coverage, it may not be applicable to, or sufficient to cover, all claims, costs, and damages. In December, 2021, QVC experienced a fire at its Rocky Mount fulfillment center in North Carolina, during which one contractor lost his life. Rocky Mount was the Company’s second-largest fulfillment center, processing approximately 25% to 30% of volume for QVC-U.S., and also served as QVC-U.S.’s primary returns center for hard goods. We sold the Rocky Mount facility in 2023 and as a result are making investments to increase throughput. Order fulfillment, inbound deliveries and customer returns that were previously handled at the Rocky Mount facility are now routed through other distribution facilities within the Company’s distribution network and third-party logistic service providers.
Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of, or making unavailable, property insurance on terms we find acceptable. To the extent that significant changes in the climate occur in areas where our properties are located, we may experience more frequent extreme weather events, which may result in physical damage to our or our third parties’ facilities and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, any of these events occurring at our or our vendors’ facilities also could impact our reputation and our customers’ perception of the products we sell, and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, these types of events could cause broader issues in the areas where our businesses operate. For example, these types of events
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could negatively impact consumer spending in the impacted regions or depending upon the severity, globally, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business, key financial and operating metrics, and results of operations have been, and may in the future be, negatively impacted by a pandemic or epidemic, such as COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption to the global economy and negatively impacted us and our operations, including as a result of a range of negative effects on our supply chain due to factory closures, shipping and trucking delays and labor shortages, as well as product shortages. In addition, we experienced material negative impacts to our financial results as a result of COVID-19 and the resulting economic disruption, including to our capital and liquidity, decreases in the disposable income of existing and potential new customers, heightened inflation, increased currency volatility resulting in adverse currency rate fluctuations and higher interest rates. It is unclear whether and to what extent a future pandemic or epidemic could impact our financial condition and results of operations. If our manufacturers and vendors are unable to meet our supply needs in a timely manner, or at all, we may be required to shift product promotion to items which are available, but possibly not in demand, which could have a negative impact on sales.
Delays by manufacturers and vendors as a result of a future pandemic or epidemic could also result in delays to delivery dates to our customers, which could result in the cancellation of orders, customers’ refusal to accept deliveries, a reduction in purchase prices and ultimately, termination of customer relationships. We cannot be certain that we would be able to identify alternative sources for our products without delay or without greater cost to us.
Additionally, a future pandemic or epidemic may adversely impact our ability to comply with various legal and contractual obligations and may expose us to increased litigation, including labor and employment claims, breach of contract claims and consumer claims by our customers. Our insurance coverage may not be applicable to, or sufficient to cover, all claims, costs, and damages we may incur as a result of a future pandemic or epidemic, which would result in our bearing such costs and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There can be no assurance that the future occurrence of a pandemic or epidemic, will not result in recession for the U.S. economy and other major global economies and we anticipate our businesses and operations would be materially adversely affected by a prolonged recession in the U.S. and other major markets.
Impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition
From time to time we review the recoverability of goodwill and other certain identifiable intangible assets, including whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit, including goodwill or an identifiable intangible asset, may not be recoverable. We may incur impairment charges on goodwill or identifiable intangible assets if we determine that the fair values of a reporting unit, including goodwill or identifiable intangible assets, are less than their current carrying values. We evaluate, on a regular basis, whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate all, or a portion, of the carrying amount of goodwill may no longer be recoverable, in which case an impairment charge to earnings would become necessary.
For example, for the year ended December 31, 2024 the Company identified impairments for the QxH reporting unit related to the QVC and HSN tradenames and goodwill. As previously reported in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded impairments for the QxH reporting unit goodwill and the HSN tradename and goodwill, respectively.
Additionally, recent business trends and global economic conditions may continue to make it a challenge for our reporting units to be able to realize their current long-term forecast. The Company will continue to monitor its reporting units’ current business performance versus the current and updated long-term forecasts, among other relevant considerations, to determine if the carrying value of its assets (including goodwill and trademarks) is appropriate. Future outlook declines in revenue, cash flows, or other factors could result in a sustained decrease in fair value that may result in a determination that carrying value adjustments are required, which could be material, and we could be required to record additional impairment charges on our goodwill or other identifiable intangible assets in the future, which could result in reductions to stockholders’ equity and material non-cash charges to our earnings and may negatively impact our stock price and financial condition.
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Risks Related to Technology and Information Security
Any continued or permanent inability to transmit our programming via satellite would result in lost revenue and could result in lost customers
We continue to utilize geo-stationary orbital satellites for the transmission of our television programming signals to our video programming distributors which rely upon satellite earth stations for their operations. Our success is dependent upon our continued ability to transmit our television programming signals to video programming service providers from our satellite uplink facilities, and for our distributors to continue to receive our programming at their satellite earth station downlink facilities. These transmissions are subject to FCC regulation and compliance in the U.S. and foreign regulatory requirements in our international operations. In most cases, we have entered into long-term satellite transponder leases to provide for continued carriage of our programming on replacement transponders and/or replacement satellites, as applicable, in the event of a failure of either the transponders and/or satellites currently carrying our programming. Although we believe we take reasonable and customary measures to ensure continued satellite transmission capability and that these international transponder service agreements can be renewed (or replaced, if necessary) in the ordinary course of business, termination or interruption of satellite transmissions may occur, particularly if we are not able to successfully negotiate renewals or replacements of any of our expiring transponder service agreements in the future.
Our e-commerce business could be negatively affected by changes in third-party digital platform algorithms and dynamics as well as our inability to monetize the resulting web traffic
The success of our e-commerce business and our online marketing efforts depends on a high degree of website traffic, which is dependent on many factors, including the availability of appealing website content, user loyalty and new user generation from various digital marketing channels that charge a fee. Third-party digital platforms, such as Google and Facebook, frequently update and change the logic that determines the placement and display of results of a user’s search, or advertiser content, such that the purchased or algorithmic placement of advertisements or links to the websites of our e-commerce business can be negatively affected. If a major search engine or third-party digital platform changes its algorithms in a manner that negatively affects our paid advertisement distribution or unpaid search ranking, the business and financial performance of our e-commerce business would be adversely affected, potentially to a material extent. Additionally, mobile application distribution platforms, such as Apple’s App Store and the Amazon Appstore for Android, may require that third party digital platforms and e-commerce companies present users with an option where the user chooses to opt-in or opt-out of tracking technology used by these third party digital platforms or included in mobile applications. To the extent that users opt-out of tracking technology used by third party digital platforms on which we advertise or users of our applications opt-out of tracking technology included in our applications, our ability to monitor and improve customer experience and track the effectiveness of our digital marketing strategies would be adversely impacted. Furthermore, our failure to successfully manage our digital marketing strategies could result in a substantial decrease in traffic to our website, as well as increase costs if we were to replace free traffic with paid traffic. Even if our e-commerce business is successful in generating a high level of website traffic, no assurance can be given that our e-commerce business will be successful in achieving repeat user loyalty or that new visitors will explore the offerings on our site. Monetizing this traffic by converting users to consumers is dependent on many factors, including availability of inventory, consumer preferences, price, ease of use and website quality. Globally, the cost of digital marketing has increased significantly and no assurance can be given that the fees we pay to third-party digital platforms will not exceed the revenue generated by our visitors. The increasing costs of digital marketing may require that we find more cost-effective ways of reaching and retaining consumers, such as through the use of social media and influencers, which may not be as effective as the current methods of digital marketing. Any failure to sustain user traffic or to monetize such traffic could materially adversely affect the financial performance of our e-commerce business and, as a result, adversely affect our financial results.
Our e-commerce business may experience difficulty in the ongoing development, implementation and customer acceptance of applications for personal electronic devices, which could harm our business
Although our e-commerce business has developed services and applications to address user and consumer interaction with website content on personal electronic devices, such as smartphones and tablets, the ways in which consumers use or rely on these personal electronic devices is continually changing. If the services or applications we develop in response to changes in consumer behavior are defective, unstable or viewed as ineffective by consumers, our e-commerce business may experience difficulty attracting and retaining traffic on these platforms. Any failure to attract and retain traffic on these personal electronic devices could materially adversely affect the financial performance of our e-commerce business and, as a result, adversely
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affect our financial results. Additionally, as new devices and new platforms are continually being released, it is difficult to predict the challenges that may be encountered in developing versions of our e-commerce business offering for use on these alternative devices, and our e-commerce business may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support, and maintenance of their services on such devices.
Our business is subject to cyber security risks, including cyber security threats and cybersecurity incidents, such as security breaches and identity theft
Through our operations, sales, marketing activities, and use of third-party information, we collect and store certain non-public personal information that customers provide to purchase products, enroll in promotional programs, register on websites, or otherwise communicate with us. This may include demographic information, phone numbers, driver license numbers, contact preferences, personal information stored on electronic devices, and payment information, including credit and debit card data. We also gather and retain information about employees and job applications in the normal course of business. We may share information about such persons with vendors, contractors and other third-parties that assist with certain aspects of our business. In addition, our online operations depend upon the transmission of confidential information over the internet, such as information permitting cashless payments. Like many e-commerce companies, we frequently encounter unauthorized parties attempting to gain access to our or our vendors’ information systems by, among other things, hacking those systems, through fraud or other means of deceiving our employees or vendors, or burglaries. We also face cybersecurity risks from errors by our or our vendors’ employees, misappropriation of data by employees, vendors or unaffiliated third-parties, or other irregularities that may result in disruption of services or persons obtaining unauthorized access to our company’s data. For example, third party service providers, such as telecommunications and cloud services providers, have been subject to increasing cyberattacks from state-sponsored threat actors that could materially impact our information systems and operations. Additionally, as a result of the increased number of employees working remotely, we and our partners may be more vulnerable to cybersecurity incidents and attacks and other security threats, including attempts by certain persons to obtain employment using falsified identities with our company or with third parties who provide goods and services to our company. The techniques used to gain access to our or our vendors’ computer systems, data or customer information, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving and continue to become more sophisticated and targeted, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized until launched against a target. Further, the use of AI and machine learning by cybercriminals may increase the frequency and severity of cybersecurity attacks against us or our suppliers, vendors and other service providers. Increasingly, unauthorized parties are exploiting access they gain to third party vendors to target companies that do business with these vendors, which may include third party vendors with whom we do business. We have implemented measures and processes intended to secure our computer systems and prevent disruptions in services or unauthorized access to or loss of sensitive data, but as with all companies, these security measures may not be sufficient for all eventualities and there is no guarantee that they will be adequate to safeguard against all cybersecurity threats or cybersecurity incidents, information system compromises or misuses of data. Although we have not detected a material security breach or other cybersecurity incident to date, we have been the target of events of this nature and expect to be subject to similar attacks in the future. Any disruptions of our information systems or misappropriation or misuse of customer, employee or other personal information, whether at our company or any of our vendors, could cause interruptions in the operations of our business and subject us to increased costs, fines, litigation, regulatory actions and other liabilities. Security breaches and other cybersecurity incidents could also significantly damage our reputation with consumers and third parties with whom we do business, which could result in lost sales and customer and vendor attrition. We continue to invest in new and emerging technology and other solutions to protect our retail commerce websites, mobile commerce applications and information systems, but there can be no assurance that these investments and solutions will prevent any of the risks described above. If we are unable to maintain the security of our retail commerce websites and mobile commerce applications, we could suffer loss of sales, reductions in traffic, damage to our reputation, loss of consumer confidence, diversion of management attention, and deterioration of our competitive position and incur liability for any damage to customers whose personal information is accessed without authorization or claims, investigation, penalties and fines imposed by governmental regulators. We may be required to expend significant additional capital and other resources to protect against and remedy any potential or existing security breaches and their consequences, such as additional infrastructure capacity spending to mitigate any system degradation and the reallocation of resources from development activities. We also face similar risks associated with security breaches and other cybersecurity incidents affecting third parties with which we are affiliated or otherwise conduct business.
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System interruption and the lack of integration and redundancy in these systems and infrastructures may adversely affect our ability to transmit our television programs, operate websites, process and fulfill transactions, respond to customer inquiries and generally maintain cost-efficient operations
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to maintain the integrity of our transmissions, systems and infrastructures, including the transmission of our television programs, as well as our websites, information and related systems, contact centers and fulfillment facilities. We may experience occasional system interruptions that make some or all transmissions, systems or data unavailable or prevent us from transmitting our signal or efficiently providing services or fulfilling orders. We rely on legacy systems that are often difficult to update and maintain. As a result, we maintain an ongoing process of implementing new technology systems and upgrading others. Our failure to properly implement new systems or delays in implementing new systems or failing to integrate new systems with our legacy systems could impair our ability to provide services, fulfill orders and/or process transactions. We also rely on affiliate and third-party computer systems, broadband, transmission and other communications systems and service providers in connection with the transmission of our signals, as well as to facilitate, process and fulfill transactions. Such service providers, including telecommunications and cloud services providers, have been subject to increasing cyberattacks from state-sponsored threat actors that could materially impact our information systems and operations. Any interruptions, outages or delays in our signal transmissions, systems and infrastructures, our business, our affiliates and/or third parties, or deterioration in the performance of these transmissions, systems and infrastructures, could impair our ability to provide services, fulfill orders and/or process transactions. Fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics), acts of war or terrorism, geopolitical tension, acts of God and similar events or disruptions may damage or interrupt television transmissions, computer, broadband or other communications systems and infrastructures at any time.
Any of these events could cause transmission or system interruption, delays and loss of critical data, and could prevent us from providing services, fulfilling orders and/or processing transactions. While we have backup systems for many aspects of our operations, our systems are not fully redundant and disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for all possible scenarios. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a major interruption.
The processing, storage, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of personal data could give rise to liabilities as a result of governmental regulation, conflicting legal requirements and policies or differing views of personal privacy rights
In the processing of consumer transactions and managing our employees, our business receives, transmits and stores a large volume of personal identifiable information and other user data. The processing, storage, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of this information are governed by the privacy and data security policies maintained by us. Moreover, there are federal, state and international laws regarding privacy and the processing, storage, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of personal identifiable information and user data. Specifically, personal identifiable information is increasingly subject to changing legislation and regulations, in numerous jurisdictions around the world, which are intended to protect the privacy of personal information that is collected, processed and transmitted in or from the governing jurisdiction. Compliance with these laws and regulations may be onerous and expensive and may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, further increasing the cost of compliance. For example, the European Court of Justice in 2015 invalidated the U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework, which facilitated personal data transfers to the U.S. in compliance with applicable European data protection laws. The E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield, which replaced the U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework, and became fully operational in 2016, provided a mechanism to comply with data protection requirements when transferring personal data from the E.U. to the U.S. On July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union invalidated the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield, and imposed new obligations on the use of standard contractual clauses (“SCCs”) - another key mechanism to allow data transfers between the U.S. and the E.U.
The European Commission adopted revised SCCs on June 4, 2021. In October 2024, the European Commission announced a consultation regarding new SCCs, which may be adopted in final form in 2025. In March 2022, the U.S. and the European Commission announced a new Transatlantic Data Privacy Framework (“DPF”) to replace the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield. On December 13, 2022, the European Commission issued an adequacy decision initiating the formal adoption process for the DPF and the E.U. formally adopted the adequacy decision on July 10, 2023. The U.S. and the E.U. implemented the DPF in July 2023. Further, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which became effective in 2018, gives consumers in the E.U. additional rights and imposes additional restrictions and penalties on companies for illegal collection and misuse of personal information. The timing of enactment of the E.U.’s proposed ePrivacy Regulation, which, among other things, would adopt additional regulation of “cookies” and other internet tracking tools, is uncertain. Following the U.K.’s withdrawal from the E.U. (“Brexit”), on June 28, 2021, the European Commission determined that the U.K.’s data protection laws essentially are equivalent to data protection laws in the European Economic Area. As a result, personal data transfers from the E.U. to the U.K. may continue without a new data transfer framework.
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California has enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which, among other things, allows California consumers to request that certain companies disclose the types of personal information collected by such companies. The CCPA became effective on January 1, 2020. The California Attorney General has issued draft implementing regulations and guidance regarding the CCPA and undertook enforcement actions in 2024 regarding violations of the law. In November 2020, California voters approved the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (“CPRA”), which amends and expands the CCPA and establishes the California Privacy Protection Agency (“CPPA”) to implement and enforce consumer privacy laws. Regulations under the CPRA became effective in March 2023. The CPPA also proposed new regulations in November 2024 that would require companies to conduct risk assessment, annual cybersecurity audits and set up notice and opt-out and access procedures for the use of automated decision making technology. These proposed new requirements could increase our costs of compliance and impact our operations and the products and services we offer.
Since the enactment of the CCPA, the following 19 additional states have enacted comprehensive privacy legislation: Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Virginia. In addition to broad consumer privacy laws, states are enacting and may continue to enact sectoral-specific privacy laws focused on health data, data about people under the age of 18, biometric data, the use of algorithms by organizations, and other matters. In addition to the increasing adoption of privacy laws by governments, other platforms where we operate (including social media platforms) may have separate policies that limit our use of personal information that we collect through our operations on such platforms, either now or in the future. Private litigants are also using federal and state laws to pursue litigation related to the use of personal data, video content, chat tools and other communication tools, and trackers commonly used by organizations in the operation of consumer-facing websites and applications. Our failure, and/or the failure by the various third party vendors and service providers with which we do business, to comply with applicable privacy policies or federal, state or similar international laws and regulations, or changes in applicable laws and regulations, or changes in the policies of third party platforms where we conduct business, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release of personal identifiable information or other user data could damage our reputation and the reputation of our third party vendors and service providers, discourage potential users from trying our products and services and/or result in fines and/or proceedings by governmental agencies and/or consumers and/or result in limits on our use of personal information we use in the operation of our business, any one or all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses.
Risks Related to Economic Conditions
We have operations outside of the U.S. that are subject to numerous operational and financial risks
We have operations in countries other than the U.S. and we are subject to the following risks inherent in international operations:
•fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
•longer payment cycles for sales in foreign countries that may increase the uncertainty associated with recoverable accounts;
•recessionary conditions and economic instability may affect markets overseas;
•inflationary pressures, such as those the market is currently experiencing, which have increased, and may in the future increase the costs of the products we sell, as well as the shipping and delivery of these products;
•our ability to repatriate funds held by our foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. at favorable tax rates;
•potentially adverse tax consequences;
•export and import restrictions, changes in tariffs, trade policies and trade relations;
•disruptions to international shipping and supply chains;
•increases in taxes and governmental royalties and fees;
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•our ability to obtain and maintain required licenses or certifications, such as for web services and electronic devices, that enable us to operate our business in foreign jurisdictions;
•changes in foreign and U.S. laws, regulations and policies that govern operations of foreign-based companies;
•changes to general consumer protection laws and regulations;
•difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; and
•threatened and actual terrorist attacks, political unrest in international markets and ongoing military action around the world that may result in disruptions of services that are critical to our international businesses.
Additionally, in many foreign countries, particularly in certain developing economies, it is not uncommon to encounter business practices that are prohibited by regulations applicable to us, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws. Although we have undertaken compliance efforts with respect to these laws, our employees, contractors and agents, as well as those companies to which we outsource certain of our business operations, may take actions in violation of our policies and procedures. Any such violation, even if prohibited by our policies and procedures or the law, could have a material adverse effect. Any failure by us to effectively manage the challenges associated with the international operation of our business could have a material adverse effect.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may lead to lower revenues and earnings
Sales made by our company outside the U.S. are denominated in the currency of the country in which our operations are located, and changes in currency exchange rates affect the translation of the sales and earnings of these businesses into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. Because of this, movements in currency exchange rates have had, and are expected to continue to have, a significant impact on our consolidated and segment results from time to time.
Changes in currency exchange rates can also increase the cost of inventory purchases that are denominated in a currency other than the local currency of the business buying the merchandise. When exchange rates change significantly in a short period or move unfavorably over an extended period, it can be difficult for us to adjust accordingly, and gross margin can be adversely affected. For example, a significant amount of merchandise we offer for sale is made in China and accordingly, a revaluation of Chinese currency, or increased market flexibility in the exchange rate for that currency, increasing its value relative to the U.S. dollar or currencies in which our stores are located, could be significant.
We expect that currency exchange rate fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our sales and results of operations from time to time.
Weak and uncertain economic conditions worldwide may reduce consumer demand for our products and services
Prolonged economic weakness and uncertainty in various regions of the world in which we and our subsidiaries and affiliates operate, has impacted and could continue to adversely affect demand for our products and services since a substantial portion of our revenue is derived from discretionary spending by individuals, which typically falls during times of inflation, recession and economic instability. Global financial markets may experience disruptions, including increased volatility and diminished liquidity and credit availability. If economic and financial market conditions in the U.S. or other key markets, including China, Japan and Europe deteriorate our customers may respond by suspending, delaying, or reducing their discretionary spending. Any further suspension, delay or reduction in discretionary spending could adversely affect revenue. Accordingly, our ability to increase or maintain revenue and earnings could be adversely affected to the extent that relevant economic environments decline. We currently are unable to predict the extent of any of these potential adverse effects.
Uncertainty and increases in market interest rates could increase our operating costs and decrease consumer demand, which may adversely affect our business
Interest rates rose substantially from 2023 to 2024, remained level through most of 2024 and decreased slightly during the end of 2024. There is currently uncertainty regarding whether interest rates will increase or decrease in 2025. Interest rates may rise in the future, and an increase in interest rates could increase our operating costs by increasing the cost of shipping, materials for our products, and/or labor. If competitive pressures or other economic factors prevent us from offsetting such increased costs by
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raising prices, our ability to increase or maintain revenue may be negatively impacted. In addition, uncertainty or increases in interest rates could reduce consumer confidence, discretionary spending by individuals and adversely affect market demand for our products, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Significant developments stemming from U.S. and international trade policy with China, including in response to forced labor and human rights abuses in China, may adversely impact our business and operating results
The imposition of any new or additional U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports or the taking of other actions against China in the future, and any responses by China, could impair our ability to meet customer demand and could result in lost sales or an increase in our cost of merchandise, which would have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. President Trump has raised the possibility of significantly increasing tariffs on goods imported into the United States, particularly from China, which if implemented, could adversely affect our business and results of operations because we sell imported products and the cost of our merchandise would likely increase. On February 1, 2025, President Trump imposed an additional 10% tariff on imports from China. President Trump may delay, increase, or remove the tariff on imports from China.
Recently there have been heightened tensions in relations between Western nations and China. For example, on December 23, 2021, President Biden signed the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (the “UFLPA”) into law, which is intended to address the use of forced labor in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (“XUAR”). Among other things, the UFLPA imposes a presumptive ban on the import of goods to the U.S. that are made, wholly or in part, in the XUAR or by persons that participate in certain programs in the XUAR that entail the use of forced labor. The Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force (“FLETF”) maintains a UFLPA Entity List to identify entities subject to the UFLPA’s rebuttable presumptive ban as well. As of January 15, 2025, the total number of listed entities is 144. The UFLPA took effect on June 21, 2022 and may increase the risk of delay of goods, inventory shortages and lost sales. Before enactment of the UFLPA, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) issued a region-wide withhold release order (“WRO”), effective January 13, 2021, pursuant to which the CBP will detain cotton products produced in the XUAR. The WRO applies to, among other things, cotton grown in the XUAR and to all products made in whole or in part using such cotton, regardless of where the downstream products are produced, and importers are responsible for ensuring the products they are attempting to import do not exploit forced labor at any point in their supply chain, including the production or harvesting of the raw material. Enforcement of the WRO has been superseded by the UFLPA rebuttable presumption. Additionally, the U.S. Treasury Department placed sanctions on China’s Xinjiang Production and Construction Corporation (“XPCC”) for serious human rights abuses against ethnic minorities in the XUAR. The XUAR is the source of large amounts of cotton and textiles for the global apparel supply chain and XPCC controls many of the cotton farms and much of the textile industry in the region. Although we do not knowingly do business with XPCC, we could be subject to penalties, fines or sanctions if any of the vendors from which we purchase goods is found to have dealings, directly or indirectly with XPCC or entities it controls. Even if we were not subject to penalties, fines or sanctions, if products we source are linked in any way to XPCC, our reputation could be damaged.
Other countries and jurisdictions have issued or may be considering similar measures. For example, on January 12, 2021, the Foreign Secretary of the U.K. announced a package of measures to help ensure that British organizations, whether public or private sector, are not complicit in, nor profiting from, the human rights violations in XUAR. On September 14, 2022, the European Commission issued its legislative proposal to ban the marketing of goods made with forced labor and the Council of the E.U. formally approved the proposal on November 19, 2024. The new rules, which take effect in December 2027, will apply to both imported goods and goods made in the E.U.
The full potential impact to us of the UFLPA and similar potential legislations in other countries and jurisdictions remains uncertain and could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We may incur expenses for the review pertaining to these matters and the cost of remediation and other changes to products, processes or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. In the event of a significant disruption or unavailability in the supply of the fabrics or raw materials used by our vendors in the manufacture of our products, our vendors might not be able to locate alternative suppliers of materials of comparable quality at an acceptable price. In addition, prices of purchased finished products also depend on wage rates in the regions where our vendors’ contract manufacturers are located, as well as freight costs from those regions. Fluctuations in wage rates required by legal or industry standards could increase our costs. Increases in raw material costs or wage rates, unless sufficiently offset by our pricing actions, may cause a decrease in our profitability and negatively impact our sales volume.
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Risks Related to our Facilities and Third-Party Suppliers and Vendors
We rely on distribution facilities to operate our business, and any damage to one of these facilities, or any disruptions caused by incorporating new facilities into our operations, could have a material adverse impact on our business
We operate a limited number of distribution facilities worldwide. Our ability to meet the needs of our customers depends on the proper operation of these distribution facilities. If any of these distribution facilities were to shut down or otherwise become inoperable or inaccessible for any reason, we could suffer a substantial loss of inventory and disruptions of deliveries to our customers. For example, a future pandemic or epidemic, in the areas where our distribution facilities are located, or if we are unable to adequately staff our distribution facilities to meet demand in the future, or if the cost of such staffing is higher than historical or projected costs due to wage increases, labor shortages, regulatory changes, or other factors, could harm our operating results. In addition, we could incur significantly higher costs and longer lead times associated with the distribution of our products during the time it takes to reopen or replace the impacted facility. Any of the foregoing factors could result in decreased sales and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, we have been implementing new warehouse management systems to further support our efforts to operate with increased efficiency and flexibility. There are risks inherent in operating in new distribution environments and implementing new warehouse management systems, including operational difficulties that may arise with such transitions. We may experience shipping delays should there be any disruptions in our new warehouse management systems or warehouses themselves.
In December 2021, our distribution facility located in Rocky Mount, North Carolina suffered significant fire damage. Rocky Mount was our second largest distribution facility and processed most of our returned merchandise. In February 2023, we sold the Rocky Mount facility to a third party. Inbound deliveries and customer returns that were previously sent to the Rocky Mount facility are now routed through other distribution facilities within the Company’s distribution network and, to a lesser extent, third party logistic service providers. Future disruptions or delays as a result of shifting capacity or failing to maintain arrangements with our third party logistic service providers could cause disruptions to our order fulfillment process, causing delays in delivering product to customers which would result in lost sales, strain our relationships with customers, and cause harm to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We rely on independent shipping companies to deliver the products we sell
We rely on third party carriers to deliver merchandise from vendors and manufacturers to us and to ship merchandise to our customers. As a result, we are subject to carrier disruptions and delays due to factors that are beyond our control, including employee strikes, labor shortages, inclement weather and regulation and enforcement actions by customs agencies. For example, as a result of COVID-19 many consumers significantly increased their use of e-commerce which resulted in a significant increase in the volume of packages handled by third-party carriers, including those we rely on, which resulted in delayed merchandise deliveries and caused our customers to experience delays in their order delivery. Any failure to deliver products to our customers in a timely and accurate manner may damage our reputation and brand and could cause us to lose customers. Enforcement actions by customs agencies can also cause the costs of imported goods to increase, negatively affecting our profits.
We are also impacted by increases in shipping rates charged by third party carriers, which over the past few years, have increased significantly in comparison to historical levels. We currently expect that shipping and postal rates will continue to increase. In the case of deliveries to customers, in each market where we operate, we have negotiated agreements with one or more independent, third party shipping companies, which in certain circumstances provide for favorable shipping rates. If any of these relationships were to terminate or if a shipping company is unable to fulfill its obligations under its contract for any reason, we would have to work with other shipping companies to deliver merchandise to customers, which would most likely be at less favorable rates. Other potential adverse consequences of changing carriers include:
•delays in order processing and product delivery; and
•reduced shipment quality, which may result in damaged products and customer dissatisfaction.
Additionally, as a result of recent acts of violence against commercial container ships in the Red Sea, our carriers have experienced longer shipping times and increased freight costs. Although these disruptions have not yet had a material impact on
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our business, our carriers may experience further delays or rescheduled deliveries or further increases in freight costs, which would adversely impact our business.
Any increase in shipping rates and related fuel and other surcharges passed on to us by our current carriers or any other shipping company would adversely impact profits, given that we may not be able to pass these increased costs directly to customers or offset them by increasing prices without a detrimental effect on customer demand.
We depend on relationships with vendors, manufacturers and other third parties, and any adverse changes in these relationships could result in a failure to meet customer expectations which could result in lost revenue
We purchase merchandise from a wide variety of third party vendors, manufacturers and other sources pursuant to short- and long-term contracts and purchase orders. Our ability to identify and establish relationships with these parties, as well as to access quality merchandise in a timely and efficient manner on acceptable terms and cost, can be challenging. In particular, we purchase a significant amount of merchandise from vendors and manufacturers abroad and cannot predict whether the costs for goods sourced in these markets will remain stable. We depend on the ability of vendors and manufacturers in the U.S. and abroad to produce and deliver goods that meet applicable quality standards, which is impacted by a number of factors, some of which are not within the control of these parties, such as political or financial instability, trade restrictions, tariffs, currency exchange rates and transport capacity and costs, among others.
Our failure to identify new vendors and manufacturers, maintain relationships with a significant number of existing vendors and manufacturers and/or access quality merchandise in a timely and efficient manner could cause us to miss customer delivery dates or delay scheduled promotions, which would result in lost sales or the failure to meet customer expectations and could cause customers to cancel orders or cause us to be unable to source merchandise in sufficient quantities, which could result in lost revenue.
The unanticipated loss of certain larger vendors or the consolidation of our vendors could negatively impact our sales and profitability on a short-term basis
It is possible that one or more of our larger vendors could experience financial difficulties, including bankruptcy, or otherwise could elect to cease doing business with us. While we have periodically experienced the loss of a major vendor, if multiple major vendors ceased doing business with us, or did not perform consistently with past practice, this could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results. Further, there has been a trend among our vendors towards consolidation in recent years that may continue. This consolidation could exacerbate the foregoing risks and increase our vendors’ bargaining power and their ability to demand terms that are less favorable to us.
Risks Related to the Seasonality of Our Business
We face significant inventory risk
We are exposed to significant inventory risks that may adversely affect our operating results as a result of seasonality, new product launches, rapid changes in product cycles and pricing, defective merchandise, changes in consumer demand, consumer spending patterns, changes in consumer tastes with respect to our products, spoilage, and other factors. We endeavor to accurately predict these trends and avoid overstocking or understocking products we sell. Demand for products, however, can change significantly between the time inventory or components are ordered and the date of sale. In addition, when we begin selling a new product, it may be difficult to establish vendor relationships, determine appropriate product or component selection, and accurately forecast demand. The acquisition of certain types of inventory or components may require significant lead-time and prepayment and they may not be returnable. We carry a broad selection and significant inventory levels of certain products, such as consumer electronics, and at times we may be unable to sell products in sufficient quantities or to meet demand during the relevant selling seasons. Any one of the inventory risk factors set forth above may adversely affect our operating results.
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The seasonality of our business places increased strain on our operations
Our net revenue in recent years indicates that our business is seasonal due to a higher volume of sales in the fourth calendar quarter related to year-end holiday shopping. In recent years, we have earned, on average, between 22% and 24% of our global revenue in each of the first three quarters of the year and 30% of our global revenue in the fourth quarter of the year. If we or our vendors are not able to provide popular products in sufficient amounts (for example, due to the loss of inventory, illness or absenteeism of our or our vendors’ workforces, impaired financial conditions, public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics), or other reasons) such that we fail to meet customer demand, it could significantly affect our revenue and our future growth. If too many customers access our websites within a short period of time due to increased holiday demand, we may experience system interruptions that make our websites unavailable or prevent us from efficiently fulfilling orders, which may reduce the volume of goods we offer or sell and the attractiveness of our products and services. In addition, we may be unable to adequately staff our fulfillment network and customer service centers during these peak periods and delivery and other third party shipping (or carrier) companies may be unable to meet the seasonal demand. Risks described elsewhere in this Part I, Item 1A relating to fulfillment network optimization and inventory are magnified during periods of high demand.
To the extent we pay for holiday merchandise in advance of the holidays (i.e., in August through November of each year), our available cash may decrease, resulting in less liquidity. We have limited availability under our revolving credit facility and may not be able to access financing to the extent our cash balance is impaired. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
Risk Related to Management and Key Personnel
Our success depends in large part on our ability to recruit and retain key employees capable of executing our unique business model
We have a business model that requires us to recruit and retain key employees, including management, with the skills necessary for a unique business that demands knowledge of the general retail industry, television production, direct to consumer marketing and fulfillment and the internet. We cannot assure you that if we experience turnover of our key employees we will be able to recruit and retain acceptable replacements because the market for such employees is very competitive and limited. Additionally, although we are working to provide an effective and engaging workplace, with more employees working remotely, it is increasingly challenging to keep employee engagement and productivity high and has led to competition for talent with companies with whom we have not historically competed.
We have not voluntarily implemented various corporate governance measures, in the absence of which you may have more limited protections against interested transactions, conflicts of interest and similar matters
Federal legislation, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, encourages the adoption of various corporate governance measures designed to promote the integrity of corporate management and the securities markets. Some of these measures have been adopted in response to legal requirements. Others have been adopted by companies in response to the requirements of national securities exchanges on which their securities are listed. Among the corporate governance measures that are required under the rules of national securities exchanges are those that address board of directors’ independence and audit committee oversight.
As a “close corporation” under Delaware law, our stockholder, rather than a board of directors, manages our business. Our stockholder is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of QVC Group, meaning that we do not have any independent governing body. In addition, we have not adopted corporate governance measures such as the implementation of an audit committee or other independent governing body. It is possible that if we were to appoint a board of directors and include one or more independent directors and adopt some or all of these corporate governance measures, there may be somewhat greater assurances that internal corporate decisions were being made by disinterested directors and that policies had been implemented to define responsible conduct. However, our stockholder has the ability to make decisions regarding transactions with related parties and corporate actions that could involve conflicts of interest.
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In addition, our Chief Executive Officer and President, David Rawlinson II, is also president and chief executive officer of QVC Group. Investors should bear in mind our current lack of independent directors, the positions with QVC Group that are held by Mr. Rawlinson and corporate governance measures in formulating their investment decisions.
The interests of our stockholder may not coincide with your interests and our stockholder may make decisions with which you may disagree
Our stockholder is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of QVC Group. As a “close corporation” under Delaware law, our stockholder, rather than a board of directors, manages our business. As a result, QVC Group controls certain aspects of our management, including the approval of significant corporate transactions such as a change of control. The interests of QVC Group may not coincide with our interests or your interests. For example, QVC Group’s dependence on our cash flow for servicing QVC Group’s debt and for other purposes, including payments of dividends on QVC Group’s capital stock, stock repurchases or to fund acquisitions or other operational requirements of QVC Group and its subsidiaries is likely to result in our payment of large dividends to QVC Group when permitted by law or the terms of our senior secured credit facility and the indentures governing our outstanding senior secured notes, which may increase our accumulated deficit or require us to borrow under our senior secured credit facility, increasing our leverage and decreasing our liquidity. We have made significant distributions to QVC Group in the past. See Item 1. "Business - QVC Group relationship and related party transactions."
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2024, we had total debt of $3,926 million, consisting of $2,731 million of secured indebtedness under our existing notes and $1,195 million of secured indebtedness under our senior secured credit facility, in each case, secured by a first priority perfected lien on all shares of our capital stock. There was $1,586 million of unused capacity under our senior secured credit facility. In addition, we had no finance lease obligations and $502 million of operating lease liabilities. We may incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. If new indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could intensify.
Our level of indebtedness could limit our flexibility in responding to current market conditions, adversely affect our financial position, prevent us from meeting our obligations under our debt instruments or otherwise restrict our business activities
The existence of and limitations on the availability of our debt could have important consequences. The existence of debt could, among other things:
•increase QVC’s vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•require a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness;
•limit our ability to use cash flow or obtain additional financing for future working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate purposes, which reduces the funds available to us for operations and any future business opportunities;
•limit flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the markets in which we operate;
•competitively disadvantage our business compared with competitors that have less debt;
•limit our ability to borrow additional funds or to borrow funds at rates or on other terms that we find acceptable;
•increase our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions; and
•expose us to the risk of increased interest rates because certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under our credit facility, are at variable interest rates.
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Limitations imposed as a part of the debt, such as the availability of credit and the existence of restrictive covenants may, among other things:
•make it difficult for us to satisfy our financial obligations, including making scheduled principal and interest payments on the notes and our other indebtedness;
•restrict us from making strategic acquisitions or cause us to make non-strategic divestitures;
•limit our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general business purposes on satisfactory terms or at all;
•limit our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business and industry;
•place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our less leveraged competitors; and
•limit our ability to respond to business opportunities.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our debt obligations
Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness will depend on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
We may need to refinance our indebtedness
Although we expect to refinance or otherwise repay our indebtedness, we may not be able to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The financial terms or covenants of any new credit facility, notes or other indebtedness may not be as favorable as those under our senior secured credit facility and our existing notes. Our ability to complete a refinancing of our senior secured credit facility and our existing notes prior to their respective maturities will depend on our financial and operating performance, our credit rating with rating agencies, as well as a number of conditions beyond our control. For example, if disruptions in the financial markets were to exist at the time that we intended to refinance this indebtedness, we might be restricted in our ability to access the financial markets. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness, our alternatives would include negotiating an extension of the maturities of our senior secured credit facility and our existing notes with the lenders and holders, respectively, and seeking or raising new equity capital. If we were unsuccessful, the lenders under our senior secured credit facility and the holders of our existing notes could demand repayment of the indebtedness owed to them on the relevant maturity date, which could adversely affect our financial condition.
Despite our current level of indebtedness, we may still incur substantially more indebtedness. This could exacerbate the risks associated with our existing indebtedness
We and our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Our senior secured credit facility and the terms of the indentures for our notes limit, but do not prohibit, us or our subsidiaries from incurring additional indebtedness. Also, our subsidiaries could incur additional indebtedness that is structurally senior to the notes or we and our subsidiaries could incur indebtedness secured by a lien on assets that do not constitute collateral, including assets of ours and our subsidiaries, and the holders of such indebtedness will have the right to be paid first from the proceeds of such assets. If we incur any additional indebtedness that ranks equally with the notes and the guarantees, the holders of that indebtedness will be entitled to share ratably with the holders of the notes and the guarantees in any proceeds distributed in connection with our insolvency, liquidation, reorganization or dissolution. This may have the effect of reducing the amount of proceeds paid to the existing note holders. In addition, existing note holders’ rights to the collateral would be diluted by any increase in the indebtedness secured by this collateral. If new indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our subsidiaries now face could intensify.
I-36
Covenants in our debt agreements restrict our business in many ways
Our senior secured credit facility and the indentures governing the notes contain various covenants that limit our ability and/or our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:
•incur or assume liens or additional debt or provide guarantees in respect of obligations of other persons;
•pay dividends or make distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock;
•prepay, redeem or repurchase debt;
•make loans, investments and capital expenditures;
•enter into agreements that restrict distributions from our subsidiaries;
•sell assets and capital stock of our subsidiaries;
•enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
•enter into certain transactions with affiliates;
•consolidate or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of our assets to, another person; and
•designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.
In addition, our senior secured credit facility requires us to maintain a specified leverage ratio. The leverage ratio is defined in Part II. Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources - Senior Secured Credit Facility” and in note 7 to the consolidated financial statements. Our ability to meet this leverage ratio can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may be unable to meet those tests. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our senior secured credit facility, which in turn could result in a default under the indentures governing the notes. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under our senior secured credit facility, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under our senior secured credit facility to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. Our senior secured credit facility and our notes are, and certain future indebtedness may be, secured by a first priority perfected lien in all shares of our capital stock. If the lenders and counterparties under our senior secured credit facility, our notes and certain future indebtedness accelerate the repayment of obligations, we may not have sufficient assets to repay such obligations. Our borrowings under our senior secured credit facility are, and are expected to continue to be, at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. As interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will also increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income decreases. In addition, we may hedge against interest rate fluctuations by using hedging instruments such as swaps, caps, options, forwards, futures or other similar products. These instruments may be used to selectively manage risks, but there can be no assurance that we will be fully protected against material interest rate fluctuations.
We may be limited in our ability to pay dividends or make other restricted payments to QVC Group
Our bond indentures limit our ability to pay dividends or make other restricted payments if we are in default on our senior secured notes and our consolidated leverage ratio is greater than 3.5 to 1.0. In addition, under our senior secured credit facility we are restricted in our ability to pay dividends or make other restricted payments if we are in default on the senior secured credit facility and our consolidated net leverage ratio is greater than 4.0 to 1.0. While our bond indentures and our senior secured credit facility credit agreement both allow for unlimited dividends to service the debt of QVC Group so long as there is no default (i.e., no leverage test is needed), we will remain limited in our ability to distribute cash to QVC Group for any other purpose. As of December 31, 2024, our leverage ratio (as calculated under our senior secured notes) was greater than 3.5 to 1.0 and as a result, there are restrictions on our ability to pay certain dividends or make other restricted payments to QVC Group. Consequently, until our leverage ratio under our senior secured notes is not greater than 3.5 to 1.0, QVC Group will not be able to rely on our cash flow for any purposes other than the service of its debt and to pay certain tax obligations related to us and our subsidiaries (which payments may be made by us under an intercompany tax sharing agreement). While we have made significant distributions to QVC Group in the past, we will be unable to do so in the near term and QVC Group may need to obtain other funding sources for any purposes other than to service its debt. There can be no assurance that QVC Group will be able to obtain such alternative funding sources on satisfactory terms or at all. See Item 1. “Business - QVC Group relationship and related party transactions.”
I-37

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
We lease our corporate headquarters and operations center in West Chester, Pennsylvania, which includes executive offices, video broadcast studios, showrooms, broadcast facilities and administrative offices for QVC. Our corporate headquarters and the remainder of our material properties are summarized as follows:
Properties
Location Type Own or Lease Operating Segment
West Chester, Pennsylvania Corporate Headquarters Lease QxH
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Distribution Center Lease QxH
Suffolk, Virginia Distribution Center Lease QxH
Florence, South Carolina Distribution Center Lease QxH
Ontario, California Distribution Center Lease QxH
Piney Flats, Tennessee Distribution Center Lease QxH
Chiba, Japan Distribution Center Own QVC-International
Hückelhoven, Germany Distribution Center Lease QVC-International
St. Petersburg, Florida Multi-functional Own QxH
Knowsley, U.K. Multi-functional Lease QVC-International
Chiba, Japan Multi-functional Own QVC-International
Brugherio, Italy Multi-functional Own QVC-International
Düsseldorf, Germany Multi-functional Own QVC-International
London, U.K. Multi-functional Lease QVC-International
We supplement the facilities listed above by leasing various facilities worldwide. We believe that the duration of each lease is adequate and we do not anticipate any future problems renewing or obtaining suitable leases for our principal properties.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are not a party to or subject to any material pending legal proceedings. We are parties to various claims and pending litigation as part of the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the nature and disposition of these matters are considered routine and arising in the ordinary course of business.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
I-40
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
There is no established trading market for our equity securities. There is one holder of record of our equity, Qurate Retail Group, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of QVC Group, Inc., formerly Qurate Retail, Inc. (“QVC Group”).
See also Item 1. “Business - QVC Group relationship and related party transactions" for information related to our dividends to QVC Group and note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for our debt issuance descriptions.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis provides information concerning our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.
A discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 is included in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-QVC Consolidated” section in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) at http://www.sec.gov.
Overview
QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (unless otherwise indicated or required by the context, the terms "we," "our," "us," the "Company" and "QVC" refer to QVC, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries) is a retailer of a wide range of consumer products, which are marketed and sold primarily by merchandise-focused televised shopping programs, the internet and mobile applications. QVC is comprised of the reportable segments of QxH, which includes QVC-U.S. and HSN, Inc. ("HSN"), and QVC-International. These segments reflect the way the Company evaluates its business performance and manages its operations.
In the United States ("U.S."), QVC's televised shopping programs, including live and recorded content, are distributed across multiple channels nationally on a full-time basis, including QVC, QVC2, QVC3, HSN and HSN2. The Company's U.S. programming is also available on QVC.com and HSN.com, which we refer to as our "U.S. websites"; virtual multichannel video programming distributors (including Hulu + Live TV, DirecTV Stream and YouTube TV); applications via streaming video; Facebook Live, Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Xfinity Flex and Samsung TV Plus; mobile applications; social media pages and over-the-air broadcasters (collectively, our “Digital Platforms”).
QVC's Digital Platforms enable consumers to purchase goods offered on our televised programming, along with a wide assortment of products that are available only on our U.S. websites. Our other Digital Platforms (including our mobile applications, social media pages and others) are natural extensions of our business model, allowing customers to engage in our shopping experience wherever they are, with live or on-demand content customized to the device they are using. In addition to offering video content, our U.S. websites allow shoppers to browse, research, compare and perform targeted searches for products, read customer reviews, control the order-entry process and conveniently access their account.
Internationally, QVC's televised shopping programs, including live and recorded content, are distributed to households primarily in Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom ("U.K."), and Italy. In some of the countries where QVC operates, QVC's televised shopping programs are distributed across multiple QVC channels: QVC Style and QVC2 in Germany and QVC Beauty, QVC Extra and QVC Style in the U.K. Similar to the U.S., our international businesses also engage customers via websites, mobile applications and social media pages. QVC's international business employs product sourcing teams who select products tailored to the interests of each local market.
The Company's Japanese operations ("QVC-Japan") are conducted through a joint venture with Mitsui & Co., LTD ("Mitsui"). QVC-Japan is owned 60% by the Company and 40% by Mitsui. The Company and Mitsui share in all profits and losses based on their respective ownership interests. QVC-Japan paid dividends to Mitsui of $51 million and $53 million in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
II-1
The Company is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of QVC Group. QVC Group is a portfolio of brands including Cornerstone Brands, Inc. ("CBI"), as well as other minority investments. Zulily, LLC (“Zulily”) was a wholly owned subsidiary of QVC Group until its divestiture on May 24, 2023.
Strategies
The goal of QVC is to extend its leadership in video commerce, e-commerce, streaming commerce and social commerce by continuing to create the world’s most engaging shopping experiences, combining the best of retail, media, and social, highly differentiated from traditional brick-and-mortar stores or transactional e-commerce. QVC provides customers with curated collections of unique products, made personal and relevant by the power of storytelling. We curate experiences, conversations and communities for millions of highly discerning shoppers, and we also reach large audiences, across our many platforms, for our thousands of brand partners.
On June 27, 2022, QVC Group announced a five-point turnaround plan designed to stabilize and differentiate its core HSN and QVC-U.S. businesses and expand the Company's leadership in video streaming commerce (“Project Athens”). Project Athens’ main initiatives included: (i) improve customer experience and grow relationships - focus on rebuilding stronger connections with their customers; (ii) rigorously execute core processes - enhance core processes to deliver the human story telling experience behind a product while also sharing a clear and compelling value proposition through price optimization and assortment; (iii) lower cost to serve - right size its cost base to improve profitability and cash generation; (iv) optimize the brand portfolio - explore untapped opportunities to maximize brand value; and (v) build new high growth businesses - expand reach in the video streaming shopping market.
During 2022, QVC commenced the first phase of Project Athens, including actions to reduce inventory and a planned workforce reduction that was completed in February 2023. QVC recorded restructuring charges of $13 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 in restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) in the consolidated statement of operations. These initiatives were consistent with QVC’s strategy to operate more efficiently as it implements its turnaround plan.
During the second quarter of 2024, QVC entered into an agreement and announced a plan to shift its global operating model for IT services to a managed services model. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2024 QVC recorded restructuring charges of $18 million in restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) in the consolidated statement of operations.
Project Athens laid the foundation for sustained growth by enhancing operational efficiency and financial margins, embedding a culture of continuous improvement. Following the completion of Project Athens and building on these successes, on November 14, 2024 QVC announced a transition to the WIN strategy, targeting top-line growth through three central priorities: (i) ‘Wherever She Shops’ - aims to enhance customer interactions across diverse platforms; (ii) ‘Inspiring People & Products’ - fosters rich, engaging content experiences; and (iii) ‘New Ways of Working’ - emphasizes leveraging technology and process enhancements to streamline operations and fuel innovation. With the WIN strategy, QVC plans to broaden content outreach by creating dynamic, purpose-built experiences that resonate across social media and digital streaming channels. By optimizing our production studios and fostering continuous improvement, we envisage content creation as an integrated, efficient process that adapts to various platforms without losing the essence of our brand. We aim to grow audiences and redefine shopping experiences, ensuring that we meet our customers wherever they are while building on our heritage for sustained success.
On January 29, 2025, the Company announced the consolidation of its QVC and HSN operations at the Company’s Studio Park location in West Chester, PA, and the closing of the St. Petersburg, FL campus. The consolidation is part of QVC’s organizational and strategic changes intended to support the Company’s growth strategy. We are currently evaluating the financial impact of the consolidation and anticipate recording severance and accelerated depreciation.
Trends
QVC’s future net revenue will depend on its ability to grow through Digital Platforms, retain and grow revenue from existing customers, and attract new customers. QVC's future net revenue may also be affected by (i) the willingness of cable television and direct-to-home satellite system operators to continue carrying QVC's programming service; (ii) QVC's ability to maintain favorable channel positioning, which may become more difficult due to governmental action or from distributors converting analog customers to digital; (iii) changes in television viewing habits because of video-on-demand technologies and internet video services; (iv) QVC's ability to source new and compelling products; and (v) general economic conditions.
II-2
The current economic uncertainty in various regions of the world in which our subsidiaries and affiliates operate, has impacted and could continue to adversely affect demand for our products and services since a substantial portion of our revenue is derived from discretionary spending by individuals, which typically falls, to varying degrees, during times of economic instability and inflationary pressures. Global financial markets may experience disruptions, including increased volatility and diminished liquidity and credit availability. If economic and financial market conditions in the U.S. or other key markets, including Europe and Japan, continue to be uncertain or deteriorate, our customers may respond by suspending, delaying or reducing their discretionary spending. Any further suspension, delay or reduction in discretionary spending could adversely affect revenue. Accordingly, our ability to increase or maintain revenue and earnings could be adversely affected to the extent that relevant economic environments decline. Such weak economic conditions may also inhibit our expansion into new European and other markets. We currently are unable to predict the extent of any of these potential adverse effects.
The Company has continued to see inflationary pressures during the period including higher wages and merchandise costs consistent with inflation experienced by the global economy. If these pressures persist, inflated costs may result in certain increased costs outpacing our pricing power in the near term.
Fire at Rocky Mount Fulfillment Center
In December 2021, QVC experienced a fire at its Rocky Mount fulfillment center in North Carolina. Rocky Mount was the Company’s second-largest fulfillment center, processing approximately 25% to 30% of volume for QVC-U.S., and also served as QVC-U.S.’s primary returns center for hard goods. The building was significantly damaged as a result of the fire and related smoke and did not reopen. The Company took steps to mitigate disruption to operations including diverting inbound orders, leveraging its existing fulfillment centers and supplementing these facilities with short-term leased space as needed. QVC sold the property in February 2023, and received net cash proceeds of $19 million. We assessed our network footprint and are making investments to increase throughput as a result of the loss of the Rocky Mount fulfillment center.
Based on the provisions of QVC’s insurance policies certain fire related costs were recoverable. In June 2023, the Company agreed to a final insurance settlement with its insurance company and received all remaining proceeds related to the Rocky Mount claim. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received $280 million of insurance proceeds, of which $210 million represented recoveries for business interruption losses. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $32 million of fire related costs and recognized net gains of $208 million representing proceeds received in excess of recoverable losses in restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) in the consolidated statements of operations.
Sale-leaseback Transactions
In November 2022, QVC-International entered into agreements to sell two properties located in Germany and the U.K. to an independent third party. Under the terms of the agreements, QVC received net cash proceeds of $182 million related to its German and U.K. facilities when the sales closed in January 2023. Concurrent with the sale, the Company entered into agreements to lease each of the properties back from the purchaser over an initial term of 20 years with the option to extend the terms of the property leases for up to four consecutive terms of five years. QVC recognized a $113 million gain related to the successful sale leaseback of the German and U.K. properties, during the first quarter of 2023 calculated as the difference between the aggregate consideration received and the carrying value of the properties. The Company accounted for the leases as operating leases and recorded $74 million of right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities for the German and U.K. properties.
In December 2023, QVC entered into an agreement to sell an owned and operated property in Germany to an independent third party. This property was owned as of December 31, 2023, and is included in assets held for sale noncurrent in the consolidated balance sheet. Under the terms of the agreement, QVC received net cash proceeds of $6 million related to its German facility when the sale closed in February 2024. QVC recognized a $1 million gain related to the sale during the first quarter of 2024, calculated as the difference between the aggregate consideration received and the carrying value of the property. Concurrent with the sale, the Company entered into an agreement to lease a portion of the property back over two years and recorded an operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability of $1 million.
II-3
Results of Operations- QVC Consolidated
QVC's operating results were as follows:
Years ended December 31,
(in millions) 2024 2023
Net revenue $ 8,997 9,449
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation, amortization and Rocky Mount inventory losses shown below) 5,905 6,273
Operating 693 739
Advertising 312 289
Selling, general and administrative excluding stock-based compensation and advertising 989 1,077
Adjusted OIBDA (defined below) 1,098 1,071
Impairment losses 1,480 326
Restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) (including Rocky Mount inventory losses)
18 (196)
Gains on sales of assets and sale leaseback transactions (1) (113)
Stock-based compensation 20 37
Depreciation 77 90
Amortization 274 282
Operating (loss) income (770) 645
Other (expense) income:
Losses on financial instruments - (1)
Interest expense, net (251) (228)
Foreign currency gain (loss) 9 (10)
Gain on extinguishment of debt - 10
Other expense (7) -
(249) (229)
(Loss) income before income taxes (1,019) 416
Income tax expense (3) (205)
Net (loss) income (1,022) 211
Less: net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest (47) (52)
Net (loss) income attributable to QVC, Inc. stockholder $ (1,069) 159
Net revenue
Net revenue for each of QVC's segments was as follows:
Years ended December 31,
(in millions) 2024 2023
QxH $ 6,598 6,995
QVC-International 2,399 2,454
Consolidated QVC $ 8,997 9,449
QVC's consolidated net revenue decreased $452 million, or 4.8% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The $452 million decrease in 2024 net revenue was primarily due to a 2.9% decrease in units shipped attributable to QxH, partially offset by an increase in units shipped at QVC-International. The decrease was also driven by a 1.6% decrease in average selling price per unit (“ASP”) primarily driven by QVC-International and to a lesser extent QxH, $52 million in unfavorable foreign exchange rates, and a $27 million decrease in shipping and handling revenue attributable to QxH. These decreases to net revenue were partially offset by a $112 million decrease in estimated product returns attributable to QxH.
II-4
During the year ended December 31, 2024 the changes in revenue and expenses were affected by changes in the exchange rates for the Japanese Yen, the Euro and the U.K. Pound Sterling. In the event the U.S. Dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies in the future, QVC's revenue and operating cash flow is likely to be negatively affected.
In discussing our operating results, the term "currency exchange rates" refers to the currency exchange rates we use to convert the operating results for all countries where the functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar. We calculate the effect of changes in currency exchange rates as the difference between current period activity translated using the prior period's currency exchange rates. We refer to the results of this calculation as the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations. Constant currency operating results refers to operating results without the impact of the currency exchange rate fluctuations. The disclosure of constant currency amounts or results permits investors to better understand QVC’s underlying performance without the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations.
The percentage change in net revenue for each of QVC's segments in U.S. Dollars and in constant currency was as follows:
Year ended December 31, 2024 Year ended December 31, 2023
U.S. Dollars Foreign Currency Exchange Impact Constant Currency U.S. Dollars Foreign Currency Exchange Impact Constant Currency
QxH (5.7) % - % (5.7) % (5.0) % - % (5.0) %
QVC-International (2.2) % (2.0) % (0.2) % (2.9) % (1.6) % (1.3) %
In 2024, QxH's net revenue decline of $397 million, or 5.7% was attributable to a 5.3% decrease in units shipped, a 0.7% decrease in ASP and a $25 million decrease in shipping and handling revenue. These declines were partially offset by a $97 million decrease in estimated product returns. For the year ended December 31, 2024, QxH experienced shipped sales declines across all product categories. QVC-International’s net revenue declined $4 million, or 0.2% in constant currency primarily due to a 2.9% decrease in ASP across all markets. These declines were primarily offset by a 2.6% increase in units shipped across all markets except Italy and Japan and a $15 million decrease in estimated product returns. For the year ended December 31, 2024, QVC-International experienced shipped sales declines in apparel and beauty and growth in constant currency across all other product categories.
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation, amortization and fire related costs, net)
QVC's cost of goods sold as a percentage of net revenue was 65.6% and 66.4% for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue in 2024 was primarily due to product margin favorability across both segments driven by mix within product categories and merchandising efforts including cost reduction and pricing actions, partially offset by higher obsolescence due to increased current year inventory levels across both segments and increased inventory aging in QVC-International.
Operating expenses
QVC's operating expenses are principally comprised of commissions, order processing and customer service expenses, credit card processing fees and telecommunications expenses. Operating expenses decreased $46 million or 6% for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the corresponding prior year. Operating expenses were 7.7% and 7.8% of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively.
The decrease in operating expenses in 2024 was primarily due to a decrease of $30 million in commissions expense at QxH primarily related to lower sales volume, higher web penetration and lower commission rates, a decrease of $7 million in personnel costs driven by QxH and a $6 million decrease as a result of favorable exchange rates.
Advertising
QVC recorded $312 million and $289 million of advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. QVC’s advertising expenses increased $23 million, or 8% for the year ended December 31, 2024 in comparison to the corresponding prior year attributable to a $26 million increase in advertising costs at QxH driven by increased focus on advertising campaigns in the current year.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses excluding stock-based compensation and advertising
QVC's selling, general, and administrative expenses excluding stock-based compensation and advertising include personnel, information technology (“IT”), production costs and the provision for doubtful accounts. Such expenses decreased $88 million to 11.0% of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the prior year.
The decrease in 2024 resulted from a $41 million decrease in consulting expenses attributable to QxH resulting from investments in Project Athens made in the prior year, a $23 million decrease in personnel costs primarily attributable to QxH as a result of not meeting performance targets established in the QxH bonus plan in the current year and $6 million of favorability from foreign exchange rates.
Restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) (including Rocky Mount inventory losses)
QVC recorded a loss of $18 million and a gain of $196 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of recoveries. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the loss related to the shift in QVC’s IT operating model with a resulting workforce reduction. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the gain related to a $240 million gain on insurance proceeds received in excess of fire losses and a $17 million gain on the sale of the Rocky Mount property, partially offset by $32 million of other fire related costs, a Consumer Product Safety Commission (“CPSC”) civil penalty of $16 million and $13 million of restructuring costs related to workforce reduction.
Gains on sales of assets and sale-leaseback transactions
QVC recorded a $1 million gain on sale of assets and sale-leaseback transactions for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to the sale-leaseback of a property in Germany. QVC recorded $113 million of gains on sale of assets and sale leaseback transactions for the year ended December 31, 2023. These gains primarily related to the sale leaseback of two owned and operated properties located in Germany and the U.K.
Impairment losses
QVC recorded impairment losses of $1,480 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, including $578 million related to the decrease in the fair value of the QVC and HSN tradenames and $902 million related to a decrease in the fair value of the QxH reporting unit goodwill as a result of quantitative assessments performed by the Company (refer to note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
QVC recorded an impairment loss of $326 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to the decrease in fair value of the QxH reporting unit as a result of the quantitative assessment that was performed by the Company (refer to note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation includes compensation related to options and restricted stock granted to certain officers and employees. QVC recorded $20 million and $37 million of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in 2024 was primarily related to a decline in the probability of satisfying performance objectives and changes in the market price of QVC Group’s Series A common stock.
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Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization consisted of the following:
Years ended December 31,
(in millions) 2024 2023
Property and equipment depreciation 77 90
Total depreciation 77 90
Customer relationships amortization 47 47
Television distribution right amortization 80 91
Software amortization 147 144
Total amortization 274 282
Total depreciation and amortization $ 351 372
For the year ended December 31, 2024, property and equipment depreciation decreased primarily due to assets that were fully depreciated in the current period at QxH. The decrease in television distribution right amortization and related expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 was due to lower subscriber counts.
Interest expense, net
For the year ended December 31, 2024 consolidated interest expense, net increased $23 million or 10% as compared to the prior year. This increase was due to the reversal of interest expense related to the settlement of state income tax reserves during the prior year.
Foreign currency gain (loss)
Certain loans between QVC and its subsidiaries are deemed to be short-term in nature, and accordingly, the translation of these loans is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. The change in foreign currency gain (loss) was due to variances in short-term loans, interest and operating payables balances between QVC and its international subsidiaries denominated in the currency of the subsidiary and the effects of currency exchange rate changes on those balances.
Gain on extinguishment of debt
For the year ended December 31, 2023, QVC recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt of $10 million related to the repurchase of the 4.85% Senior Secured Notes due 2024 (“2024 Notes”) and 4.45% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (“2025 Notes”).
Income taxes
Our effective tax rate was (0.3)% and 49.3% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The 2024 rate differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to goodwill impairment losses of $902 million and tradename impairment losses of $578 million, that are not deductible for tax purposes. The 2023 rate differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to goodwill impairment losses of $326 million, that are not deductible for tax purposes. Excluding both the goodwill and tradename impairment losses, our effective tax rate would be 30.8% and 27.6% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This increase is attributable to state and foreign items.
II-7
Adjusted Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization (Adjusted OIBDA)
To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial statements, we disclose Adjusted OIBDA (defined below), which is a non-U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") measure. QVC defines Adjusted OIBDA as operating (loss) income plus depreciation and amortization, impairment losses (where applicable), stock-based compensation and excluding restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of recoveries (including Rocky Mount inventory losses) and gains on sale of assets and sale-leaseback transactions. QVC's chief operating decision maker and management team use this measure of performance in conjunction with other measures to evaluate the businesses and make decisions about allocating resources among the businesses. QVC believes that this is an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of the segments by identifying those items that are not directly a reflection of each segment's performance or indicative of ongoing business trends. In addition, this measure allows QVC to view operating results, perform analytical comparisons and perform benchmarking among its businesses and identify strategies to improve performance. Accordingly, Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, operating income, net income, cash flow provided by operating activities and other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The primary material limitations associated with the use of Adjusted OIBDA as compared to U.S. GAAP results are (i) it may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in the industry, and (ii) it excludes financial information that some may consider important in evaluating QVC's performance. QVC compensates for these limitations by providing disclosure of the difference between Adjusted OIBDA and U.S. GAAP results, including providing a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to U.S. GAAP results, to enable investors to perform their own analysis of QVC's operating results. The following table provides a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted OIBDA.
Years ended December 31,
(in millions) 2024 2023
Operating (loss) income $ (770) 645
Depreciation and amortization 351 372
Stock-based compensation 20 37
Restructuring, penalties and fire related costs, net of (recoveries) (including Rocky Mount inventory losses)
18 (196)
Impairment losses 1,480 326
Gains on sales of assets and sale leaseback transactions (1) (113)
Adjusted OIBDA $ 1,098 1,071
QVC Adjusted OIBDA increased by $27 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2024 is due to a $19 million increase at QxH and an $8 million increase at QVC-International.
Seasonality
QVC's business is seasonal due to a higher volume of sales in the fourth calendar quarter related to year-end holiday shopping. In recent years, QVC has earned, on average, between 22% and 24% of its revenue in each of the first three quarters of the year and 30% of its revenue in the fourth quarter of the year.
II-8
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Senior Secured Notes
All of QVC's senior secured notes are secured by the capital stock of QVC and have equal priority to the senior secured credit facility. The interest on QVC's senior secured notes is payable semi-annually with the exception of interest on the 6.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2067 (“2067 Notes”) and the 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2068 (“2068 Notes”), which is payable quarterly.
During the second quarter of 2023, QVC purchased $177 million of the 4.85% Senior Secured Notes due 2024 (“2024 Notes”) and $15 million of the outstanding 4.45% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (“2025 Notes”). As a result of the repurchases, the Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt in the consolidated statements of operations of $10 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The remaining outstanding 2024 Notes were repaid in March 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the remaining outstanding 2025 Notes are classified within the current portion of long term debt as they mature in less than one year. On February 18, 2025, QVC repaid the remaining 2025 Notes, at maturity, using availability on the Credit Facility and cash on hand.
On September 11, 2024, QVC commenced a private offer to existing bondholders to exchange any and all of QVC’s outstanding 4.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 (“2027 Notes") for $350 principal amount of QVC’s newly-issued 6.875% Senior Secured Notes due April 2029 (“2029 Notes”) and $650 in cash per $1,000 principal amount of 2027 Notes exchanged, and any and all of QVC’s outstanding 4.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (“2028 Notes”) for $1,000 principal amount of the 2029 Notes per $1,000 principal amount of 2028 Notes exchanged (the “Exchange”), and a private offer to purchase 2027 Notes and 2028 Notes for cash from holders who were not eligible to participate in the private exchange offer. On September 25, 2024, QVC issued an aggregate principal amount of $605 million in 2029 Notes and paid $352 million in cash consideration (including $277 million contributed by QVC Group) in exchange for $531 million of the 2027 Notes and $428 million of the 2028 Notes. The Exchange was accounted for as a debt modification in accordance with U.S. GAAP and fees paid to third parties were included in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The senior secured notes contain certain covenants, including certain restrictions on QVC and its restricted subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions), with respect to, among other things: incurring additional indebtedness; creating liens on property or assets; making certain loans or investments; selling or disposing of assets; paying certain dividends and other restricted payments; consolidating or merging; entering into certain transactions with affiliates; entering into sale or leaseback transactions; and restricting subsidiary distributions.
The senior secured notes permit QVC to make unlimited dividends or other restricted payments so long as QVC is not in default under the indentures governing the senior secured notes and QVC’s consolidated leverage ratio is not greater than 3.5 to 1.0 (the “senior secured notes leverage basket”). As of December 31, 2024, QVC’s consolidated leverage ratio (as calculated under QVC’s senior secured notes) was greater than 3.5 to 1.0 and as a result, QVC is restricted in its ability to make dividends or other restricted payments under the senior secured notes. Although QVC will not be able to make unlimited dividends or other restricted payments under the senior secured notes leverage basket, QVC will continue to be permitted to make unlimited dividends to parent entities of QVC to service the principal and interest when due in respect of indebtedness of such parent entities (so long as there is no default under the indentures governing QVC’s senior secured notes) and permitted to make certain restricted payments to QVC Group under an intercompany tax sharing agreement in respect of certain tax obligations of QVC and its subsidiaries.
II-9
Senior Secured Credit Facility
On October 27, 2021, QVC entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement") with Zulily, CBI, and QVC Global Corporate Holdings, LLC ("QVC Global"), each a direct or indirect (or former, in the case of Zulily) wholly owned subsidiary of QVC Group, as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”). The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement is a multi-currency facility providing for a $3.25 billion revolving credit facility, with a $450 million sub-limit for letters of credit and an alternative currency revolving sub-limit equal to 50% of the revolving commitments thereunder. The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement may be borrowed by any Borrower, with each Borrower jointly and severally liable for the outstanding borrowings. Borrowings bear interest at either the alternate base rate (“ABR Rate”) or a London Inter-bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR")-based rate (or the applicable non-U.S. Dollar equivalent rate) (“Term Benchmark/RFR Rate”) at the applicable Borrower’s election in each case plus a margin. Borrowings that are ABR Rate loans will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the base rate plus a margin that varies between 0.25% and 0.625% depending on the Borrowers’ combined ratio of consolidated total debt to consolidated EBITDA (the “consolidated leverage ratio”). Borrowings that are Term Benchmark/RFR Rate loans will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the applicable rate plus a margin that varies between 1.25% and 1.625% depending on the Borrowers’ consolidated leverage ratio. Each loan may be prepaid at any time and from time to time without penalty, other than customary breakage costs. No mandatory prepayments will be required other than when borrowings and letter of credit usage exceed availability; provided that, if CBI, QVC Global or any other borrower (other than QVC) is removed, at the election of QVC, as a borrower thereunder, all of its loans must be repaid and its letters of credit are terminated or cash collateralized. Any amounts prepaid may be reborrowed. The facility matures on October 27, 2026. Payment of loans may be accelerated following certain customary events of default. In connection with QVC Group's divestiture of Zulily (see note 1), Zulily is no longer a co-borrower in the senior secured credit facility, and Zulily repaid its outstanding borrowings under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement using cash contributed from QVC Group.
On June 20, 2023, QVC, QVC Global and CBI, as borrowers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto entered into an agreement whereby, in accordance with the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, LIBOR-based rate loans denominated in U.S. dollars made on or after June 30, 2023 would be replaced with Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR")-based rate loans. Borrowings that are SOFR-based loans will bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the applicable SOFR rate, plus a credit spread adjustment, plus a margin that varies between 1.25% and 1.625% depending on the Borrowers’ consolidated leverage ratio.
Availability under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement at December 31, 2024 was $1,586 million, which is limited by restrictions on our consolidated leverage ratio. The interest rate on the senior secured credit facility was 6.06% and 7.03% at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The payment and performance of the Borrowers’ obligations under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each of QVC’s, QVC Global’s and CBI’s Material Domestic Subsidiaries (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), if any, and certain other subsidiaries of any Borrower that such Borrower has chosen to provide guarantees. Further, the borrowings under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are secured, pari passu with QVC’s existing notes, by a pledge of all of QVC’s equity interests. The borrowings under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are also secured by a pledge of all of CBI’s equity interests.
The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including certain restrictions on the Borrowers and each of their respective restricted subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions) with respect to, among other things: incurring additional indebtedness; creating liens on property or assets; making certain loans or investments; selling or disposing of assets; paying certain dividends and other restricted payments; dissolving, consolidating or merging; entering into certain transactions with affiliates; entering into sale or leaseback transactions; restricting subsidiary distributions; and limiting the Borrowers’ consolidated leverage ratio.
Parent Issuer and Subsidiary Guarantor Summarized Financial Information
The following information contains the summarized financial information for the combined parent (QVC, Inc.) and subsidiary guarantors (Affiliate Relations Holdings, Inc.; Affiliate Investment, Inc.; AMI 2, Inc.; ER Marks, Inc.; QVC Global Corporate Holdings, LLC; QVC GCH Company, LLC; QVC Rocky Mount, Inc.; QVC San Antonio, LLC; QVC Global Holdings I, Inc.; HSN, Inc; HSNi, LLC; HSN Holding LLC; Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.P.; Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.L.C; Ingenious Designs LLC; NLG Merger Corp.; Ventana Television, Inc.; and Ventana Television Holdings, Inc.) pursuant to Rules 3-10, 13-01 and 13-02 of Regulation S-X.
II-10
This consolidated summarized financial information has been prepared from the Company's financial information on the same basis of accounting as the Company's consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the parent and subsidiary guarantors presented on a combined basis have been eliminated. The principal elimination entries relate to investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions, such as management fees, royalty revenue and expense, interest income and expense and gains on intercompany asset transfers. Goodwill and other intangible assets have been allocated to the subsidiaries based on management’s estimates. Certain costs have been partially allocated to all of the subsidiaries of the Company.
The subsidiary guarantors are 100% owned by the Company. All guarantees are full and unconditional and are joint and several. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of the Company to obtain funds from its U.S. subsidiaries, including the guarantors, by dividend or loan.
Summarized financial information for the most recent annual period was as follows:
Combined Parent-QVC, Inc. and Subsidiary Guarantors
December 31, 2024
Current assets $ 1,776
Intercompany payable to non-guarantor subsidiaries (2,418)
Note receivable - related party 1,740
Noncurrent assets 4,300
Current liabilities 1,705
Noncurrent liabilities 3,961
Combined Parent-QVC, Inc. and Subsidiary Guarantors
Year ended
December 31, 2024
Net revenue $ 7,214
Net revenue less cost of goods sold 3,038
Loss before taxes (1,115)
Net loss (1,022)
Net loss attributable to QVC, Inc. Stockholder (1,069)
Other Debt Related Information
QVC was in compliance with all of its debt covenants as of December 31, 2024.
The weighted average interest rate applicable to all outstanding debt (excluding finance leases) prior to amortization of bond discounts and related debt issuance costs was 5.9% and 5.7% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
II-11
There are no restrictions under the debt agreements on QVC’s ability to pay dividends or make other restricted payments if QVC is not in default on its senior secured notes or the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and (i) with respect to QVC’s senior secured notes, QVC’s consolidated leverage ratio would be no greater than 3.5 to 1.0 and (ii) with respect to the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the consolidated net leverage basket for QVC, QVC Global and CBI, would be no greater than 4.0 to 1.0. As of December 31, 2024, QVC’s consolidated leverage ratio (as calculated under QVC’s senior secured notes) was greater than 3.5 to 1.0 and as a result QVC is restricted in its ability to make dividends or other restricted payments under the senior secured notes. Although QVC will not be able to make unlimited dividends or other restricted payments under the senior secured notes leverage basket, QVC will continue to be permitted to make unlimited dividends under the senior secured notes to parent entities of QVC to service the principal and interest when due in respect of indebtedness of such parent entities (so long as there is no default under the indentures governing QVC’s senior secured notes) and permitted to make certain restricted payments to QVC Group under an intercompany tax sharing agreement in respect of certain tax obligations of QVC and its subsidiaries.
As a result, QVC Group will, in many instances, be permitted to rely on QVC’s cash flow for servicing QVC Group’s debt. These events may increase accumulated deficit or require QVC to borrow under the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, increasing QVC’s leverage and decreasing liquidity. QVC has made significant distributions to QVC Group in the past.
General
Historically, QVC's primary sources of cash have been cash provided by operating activities and borrowings. In general, QVC uses this cash to fund its operations, make capital purchases, make dividend payments to QVC Group, make interest payments and minimize QVC's outstanding senior secured credit facility balance.
As of December 31, 2024, substantially all of QVC's cash and cash equivalents were invested in AAA rated money market funds and time deposits with banks rated equal to or above A.
Additional Cash Flow Information
During the year ended December 31, 2024, QVC's primary uses of cash were $1,677 million of principal payments of the senior secured credit facility and finance lease obligations, $775 million of principal repayment of senior secured notes, $210 million of capital and television distribution rights expenditures, $108 million of dividends to QVC Group, and $51 million in dividend payments from the Company’s Japanese operations ("QVC-Japan") to Mitsui & Co. LTD (“Mitsui”). These uses of cash were funded primarily with $2,014 million of principal borrowings from the senior secured credit facility, $535 million of cash provided by operating activities and $277 million of capital contributions from QVC Group. As of December 31, 2024, QVC's cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balance was $315 million.
As of December 31, 2024, $208 million of the $315 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was held by foreign subsidiaries. Cash in foreign subsidiaries is available for domestic purposes with no significant tax consequences upon repatriation to the U.S. QVC accrues taxes on the unremitted earnings of its international subsidiaries. Approximately 61% of this foreign cash balance was that of QVC-Japan. QVC owns 60% of QVC-Japan and shares all profits and losses with the 40% minority interest holder, Mitsui. We believe that we currently have appropriate legal structures in place to repatriate foreign cash as tax efficiently as possible and meet the business needs of QVC.
The change in cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the previous year was primarily due to changes in working capital items. Working capital at any specific point in time is subject to many variables, including seasonality, inventory management, the timing of cash receipts and payments, vendor payment terms, and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
II-12
Other
QVC’s material cash requirements for the next year, outside of normal operating expenses, include the costs to service outstanding debt, expenditures for affiliation agreements with television providers, and capital expenditures. Capital expenditures are expected to be between $200 and $215 million. The Company also may make dividend payments to QVC Group. Refer to the off-balance sheet arrangements and aggregate contractual obligations table below for a summary of other material cash requirements. The Company expects that cash on hand and cash provided by operating activities in future periods and outstanding borrowing capacity will be sufficient to fund projected uses of cash.
The Company may from time to time repurchase any level of its outstanding debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, redemptions, tender offers or otherwise. Repurchases or retirement of debt, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
QVC has contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Although it is reasonably possible QVC may incur losses upon the conclusion of such matters, an estimate of any loss or range of loss cannot be made. In the opinion of management, it is expected that amounts, if any, that may be required to satisfy such contingencies will not be material in relation to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
Information concerning the amount and timing of cash requirements, both accrued and off-balance sheet, under our contractual obligations at December 31, 2024 is summarized below:
Payments due by period
(in millions) 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter Total
Long-term debt (1) $ 586 1,195 44 72 605 1,425 3,927
Interest payments (2) 231 198 131 130 106 2,110 2,906
Operating lease obligations 90 86 85 85 86 696 1,128
Purchase obligations and other (3) 1,970 186 133 81 64 - 2,434
(1) Amounts exclude the issue discounts on the 2025 Notes, 5.45% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 and 5.95% Senior Secured Notes due 2043.
(2) Amounts (i) are based on the terms of our senior secured notes and (ii) assumes that our existing debt is repaid at maturity
(3) Amounts include open purchase orders for inventory and non-inventory purchases along with other contractual obligations, regardless of our ability to cancel such obligations
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires QVC to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Estimates include, but are not limited to, sales returns, uncollectible receivables, inventory obsolescence, depreciable lives of fixed assets and internally developed software, and valuation of acquired intangible assets and goodwill. QVC bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that QVC believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. In addition, as circumstances change, QVC may revise the basis of its estimates accordingly.
II-13
Goodwill and long-lived assets
QVC's long-lived asset valuations are primarily comprised of the annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill and other nonamortizable intangibles, such as tradenames, and the evaluation of the recoverability of other long-lived assets upon certain triggering events. If the carrying value of long-lived assets exceeds their undiscounted cash flows, QVC is required to write the carrying value down to the fair value. Any such writedown is included as an impairment loss in the consolidated statements of operations. A high degree of judgment is required to estimate the fair value of the long-lived assets. QVC may use quoted market prices, prices for similar assets, present value techniques and other valuation techniques to prepare these estimates. QVC may need to make estimates of future cash flows and discount rates as well as other assumptions in order to implement these valuation techniques. Due to the high degree of judgment involved in estimation techniques, any value ultimately derived from the long-lived assets may differ from the estimate of fair value. As all of QVC's operating segments have long-lived assets, this critical accounting estimate affects the financial position and results of operations of each segment.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the intangible assets not subject to amortization for each of our reportable segments were as follows:
(in millions) Goodwill Tradenames Total
QxH 1,464 2,120 3,584
QVC-International 740 - 740
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 2,204 $ 2,120 $ 4,324
QVC utilizes a qualitative assessment for determining whether step one of the goodwill impairment analysis is necessary. The accounting guidance permits entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether an impairment exists. In evaluating goodwill on a qualitative basis, QVC reviews the business performance of each reporting unit and evaluates other relevant factors as identified in the relevant accounting guidance to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indicated impairment exists for any of our reporting units. A reporting unit is defined in accounting guidance in accordance with U.S. GAAP as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (also known as a component). A component of an operating segment is a reporting unit if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. The Company considers whether there were any negative macroeconomic conditions, industry specific conditions, market changes, increased competition, increased costs in doing business, management challenges and the legal environments, and how these factors might impact country specific performance in future periods.
QVC utilizes a qualitative assessment to evaluate the risk of impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets. If deemed necessary based on qualitative factors, a quantitative test is used to determine if the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-30-35.
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 impairments of $902 million and $326 million related to the QxH reporting unit goodwill were recorded in impairment losses in the consolidated statements of operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2024 an impairment of $578 million was recorded on the QxH reporting unit related to the QVC and HSN tradenames in impairment losses in the consolidated statements of operations. No tradename impairments were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Based on the assessments performed during the fourth quarter of 2024 and the resulting impairment losses recorded, the estimated fair value of the QxH reporting unit did not significantly exceed its carrying value as of December 31, 2024.The Company will continue to monitor its current business performance versus the current and updated long-term forecasts, among other relevant considerations, to determine if the carrying value of its assets (including goodwill and other intangible assets) is appropriate. Future outlook declines in revenue, cash flows, or other factors could result in a sustained decrease in fair value that may result in a determination that carrying value adjustments are required, which could be material.
II-14
Retail related adjustments and allowances
QVC records adjustments and allowances for sales returns, inventory obsolescence and uncollectible receivables. Each of these adjustments is estimated based on historical experience. Sales returns are calculated as a percent of sales and are netted against revenue in the consolidated statement of operations. Sales returns represented 15.9% and 16.3% of gross product revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The inventory obsolescence reserve is calculated as a percent of inventory at the end of a reporting period based on, among other factors, the aging of our inventory balance, the likely method of disposition, and the estimated recoverable values based on historical experience of inventory markdowns and liquidation. The change in the reserve is included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2024, inventory was $901 million, which was net of the obsolescence reserve of $112 million. As of December 31, 2023, inventory was $860 million, which was net of the obsolescence reserve of $115 million. The allowance for credit losses is calculated as a percent of accounts receivable at the end of a reporting period, and it is based on historical experience, with the change in such allowance being recorded as a provision for credit losses in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Trade accounts receivable (including installment payment, credit card and customer receivables) was $1,140 million and $1,294 million, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Allowance for credit losses related to uncollectible trade accounts receivable was $75 million and $82 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Each of these adjustments requires management judgment. Actual results could differ from management's estimates.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
QVC is exposed to market risk in the normal course of business due to ongoing investing and financial activities and the conduct of operations by subsidiaries in different foreign countries. Market risk refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in stock prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The risk of loss can be assessed from the perspective of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows and future earnings. QVC has established procedures and internal processes governing the management of market risks and the use of financial instruments to manage exposure to such risks.
Interest rate risk
QVC is exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of borrowing activities. Over the long-term, QVC manages the exposure to interest rates by maintaining what QVC believes is an appropriate mix of fixed and variable rate debt.
The table below summarizes the Company’s debt obligations, related interest rates and fair value of debt at December 31, 2024:
(in millions, except percentages) 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter Total Fair Value
Fixed rate debt (1) $ 586 - 44 72 605 1,425 2,732 1,942
Weighted average interest rate on fixed rate debt 4.5 % - % 4.8 % 4.4 % 6.9 % 6.0 % 5.8 % N/A
Variable rate debt (1) $ - 1,195 - - - - 1,195 1,195
Average interest rate on variable rate debt - % 6.1 % - % - % - % - % 6.1 % N/A
(1) Amounts exclude the issue discounts on the 2025 Notes, 5.45% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 and 5.95% Senior Secured Notes due 2043.
N/A - Not applicable.
II-15
Foreign currency exchange rate risk
QVC is exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations related to the monetary assets and liabilities and the financial results of its foreign subsidiaries. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is the local currency are translated into U.S. Dollars at period-end exchange rates, and the statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars that result in unrealized gains or losses are referred to as translation adjustments. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholder's equity. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Subsequent changes in exchange rates result in transaction gains and losses, which are reflected in income as unrealized (based on period-end transactions) or realized upon settlement of the transactions. Cash flows from operations in foreign countries are translated at the average rate for the period. Accordingly, QVC may experience economic loss and a negative impact on earnings and equity with respect to its holdings solely as a result of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. QVC's reported Adjusted OIBDA for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 would have been impacted by approximately $3 million, $3 million, and $4 million, respectively, for every 1% change in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar.
The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides QVC with the ability to borrow in multiple currencies. This allows QVC to somewhat mitigate foreign currency exchange rate risks. As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, no borrowings in foreign currencies were outstanding.
On October 31, 2022, the Company entered into foreign currency forward contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $167 million to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with the sale and leaseback of Germany and U.K. properties. The forwards did not qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP. Changes in the fair value of the forwards are reflected in (losses) gains on financial instruments in the consolidated statements of operations. The forwards were in a net liability position of $10 million as of December 31, 2022, which was included in accrued liabilities. The contracts expired in January 2023 which resulted in a net cash settlement of $12 million.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The consolidated financial statements of QVC are filed under this Item 8, beginning on page II-24. The financial statement schedules required by Regulation S-X are filed under Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its chief executive officer and its principal accounting and financial officer (the “Executives”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. Based on that evaluation, the Executives concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
See page II-22 for Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s quarter ended December 31, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
II-16

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
Insider Trading Arrangements
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Intentionally omitted in accordance with General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Intentionally omitted in accordance with General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Intentionally omitted in accordance with General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Intentionally omitted in accordance with General Instruction I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Audit Fees and All Other Fees
The following table presents fees for professional audit services rendered by KPMG LLP and its international affiliates for the audit of QVC’s consolidated financial statements for 2024 and 2023 and fees billed for other services rendered by KPMG LLP:
Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2024 2023
Audit fees (1) $ 7,573 $ 7,240
Audit related fees - -
Audit and audit related fees 7,573 7,240
Tax fees (2) 835 474
Total fees $ 8,408 $ 7,714
(1) For both years, fees for the annual audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Form 10-K filing and review of financial statements included in the Company’s Form 10-Q filings. The amount also includes other services normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings and engagements.
(2) Tax fees consist of tax compliance and consultations regarding the tax implications of certain transactions.
Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditor
The audit committee of QVC Group has adopted a policy regarding the pre-approval of all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by QVC's independent auditor. Pursuant to this policy, QVC Group's audit committee has approved the engagement of QVC's independent auditor to provide the following services (all of which are collectively referred to as "pre-approved services"):
•Audit services as specified in the policy, including (i) financial audits of QVC and its subsidiaries, (ii) services associated with QVC's registration statements, periodic reports and other documents filed or issued in connection with securities offerings (including comfort letters and consents), (iii) attestations of management reports on QVC's internal controls and (iv) consultations with management as to accounting or disclosure treatment of transactions;
•Audit related services as specified in the policy, including (i) due diligence services, (ii) financial statement audits of employee benefit plans, (iii) consultations with management as to the accounting or disclosure treatment of transactions, (iv) attest services not required by statute or regulation, (v) certain audits incremental to the audit of QVC’s consolidated financial statements, (vi) closing balance sheet audits related to dispositions, and (vii) general assistance with implementation of the requirements of certain SEC rules or listing standards; and
•Tax services as specified in the policy, including federal, state, local and international tax planning, compliance and review services, and tax due diligence and advice regarding mergers and acquisitions.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing general pre-approval, if an individual project involving the provision of pre-approved services is expected to result in fees in excess of $100,000, or if individual projects under $100,000 are expected to total $500,000 during the period between the regularly scheduled meetings of QVC Group's audit committee, then such projects will require the specific pre-approval of QVC Group's audit committee. QVC Group's audit committee has delegated the authority for the foregoing approvals to the chairman of the audit committee, subject to his subsequent disclosure to the entire audit committee of the granting of any such approval. M. Ian G. Gilchrist currently serves as the chairman of QVC Group's audit committee. In addition, the independent auditor is required to provide a report at each regularly scheduled audit committee meeting on all pre-approved services incurred during the preceding quarter. Any engagement of QVC's independent auditor for services other than the pre-approved services requires the specific approval of QVC Group's audit committee.
QVC Group’s pre-approval policy prohibits the engagement of QVC's independent auditor to provide any services that are subject to the prohibition imposed by Section 201 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
All services provided by QVC's independent auditor during 2024 and 2023 were approved in accordance with the terms of the policy.
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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and financial statement schedules
(a) (1) Financial Statements
Included in Part II of this report:
Page
QVC, Inc.:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (KPMG LLP, Philadelphia, PA, Auditor Firm ID: 185)
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Consolidated Balance Sheets, December 31, 2024 and 2023
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Consolidated Statements of Operations, Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
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Consolidated Statement of Equity, Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
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(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules
(i) All schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, not material or the required information is set forth in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(a) (3) Exhibits
Listed below are the exhibits which are filed as a part of this Report (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K):
3 - Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws:
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant dated October 26, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-184501) as filed on October 19, 2012 (the "2012 S-4")).
3.2 Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (effective September 30, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No. 000-55409) as filed on October 6, 2015)
4 - Instruments Defining the Rights to Securities Holders, Including Indentures:
4.1 Indenture dated as of March 18, 2013 among the Registrant, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 (File No. 333-184501) as filed on May 9, 2013).
4.2 Form of Indenture dated as of March 18, 2014 among the Registrant, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-195586) as filed on April 30, 2014).
4.3 Indenture dated as of August 21, 2014 among the Registrant, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-199254) as filed on October 10, 2014).
4.4 Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2021, among the Registrant, Zulily, LLC, QVC Global Corporate Holdings, LLC and Cornerstone Brands, Inc., as Borrowers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Lead Arranger, Lead Bookrunner and Administrative Agent and the parties named therein as Lenders, Co-Bookrunners, Co-Syndication Agents and Co-Documentation Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38654) as filed on October 28, 2021).
4.5 Indenture, dated September 13, 2018, by and among the Registrant, Affiliate Investment, Inc., Affiliate Relations Holdings, Inc., AMI 2, Inc., ER Marks, Inc., QVC Global Holdings I, Inc., QVC Global Holdings II, Inc., QVC Rocky Mount, Inc., QVC San Antonio, LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-A (File No. 001-38654), as filed on September 13, 2018 (the “Form 8-A”)).
4.6 First Supplemental Indenture, dated September 13, 2018, by and among the Registrant, Affiliate Investment, Inc., Affiliate Relations Holdings, Inc., AMI 2, Inc., ER Marks, Inc., QVC Global Holdings I, Inc., QVC Global Holdings II, Inc., QVC Rocky Mount, Inc., QVC San Antonio, LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-A).
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4.7 Form of 6.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2067 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 8-A).
4.8 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated November 26, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Affiliate Investment, Inc., Affiliate Relations Holdings, Inc., AMI 2, Inc., ER Marks, Inc., QVC Global Holdings I, Inc., QVC Global Holdings II, Inc., QVC Rocky Mount, Inc., QVC San Antonio, LLC, QVC Deutschland GP, Inc., HSN, Inc., HSNi, LLC, HSN Holding LLC, AST Sub, Inc., Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.L.C., Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.P., H.O.T. Networks Holdings (Delaware) LLC, HSN of Nevada LLC, Ingenious Designs LLC, NLG Merger Corp., Ventana Television, Inc., and Ventana Television Holdings, Inc., as guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Form 8-A (File No. 001-38654), as filed on November 26, 2019 (the “2019 Form 8-A”)).
4.9 Form of 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2068 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the 2019 Form 8-A).
4.10 Third Supplemental Indenture, dated February 4, 2020, by and among the Registrant, Affiliate Investment, Inc., Affiliate Relations Holdings, Inc., AMI 2, Inc., ER Marks, Inc., QVC Global Holdings I, Inc., QVC Global Holdings II, Inc., QVC Rocky Mount, Inc., QVC San Antonio, LLC, QVC Deutschland GP, Inc., HSN, Inc., HSNi, LLC, HSN Holding LLC, AST Sub, Inc., Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.L.C., Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.P., H.O.T. Networks Holdings (Delaware) LLC, HSN of Nevada LLC, Ingenious Designs LLC, NLG Merger Corp., Ventana Television, Inc., and Ventana Television Holdings, Inc., as guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38654) as filed on February 4, 2020 (the “February 2020 Form 8-K”)).
4.11 Form of 4.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the February 2020 Form 8-K).
4.12 Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated August 20, 2020, by and among the Registrant, Affiliate Investment, Inc., Affiliate Relations Holdings, Inc., AMI 2, Inc., ER Marks, Inc., QVC Global Holdings I, Inc., QVC Global Holdings II, Inc., QVC Rocky Mount, Inc., QVC San Antonio, LLC, QVC Deutschland GP, Inc., HSN, Inc., HSNi, LLC, HSN Holding LLC, AST Sub, Inc., Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.L.C., Home Shopping Network En Espanol, L.P., H.O.T. Networks Holdings (Delaware) LLC, HSN of Nevada LLC, Ingenious Designs LLC, NLG Merger Corp., Ventana Television, Inc., and Ventana Television Holdings, Inc., as guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38654) as filed on August 20, 2020 (the “August 2020 Form 8-K”)).
4.13 Form of 4.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the August 2020 Form 8-K).
4.14 Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 001-38654) as filed on February 26, 2020).
4.15 Indenture, dated September 25, 2024, by and among QVC, Inc., as issuer, the guarantors named therein, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38654) as filed on September 26, 2024 (the "September 2024 Form 8-K")).
4.16 Form of 6.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the September 2024 Form 8-K).
10 - Material Contracts:
10.1 Forms of Indemnification Agreements between the Registrant and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the 2012 S-4).
10.2 SOFR Transition and Other Agreements, dated as of June 20, 2023, among the Registrant, QVC Global Corporate Holdings, LLC and Cornerstone Brands, Inc., as Borrowers, and the parties thereto, related to the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 filed on August 4, 2023 (File No. 001-33982)).
21 - Subsidiaries:*
21.1 Subsidiaries of QVC, Inc.*
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22 - Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities and Affiliates Whose Securities Collateralize Securities of the Registrant:*
22.1 List of Subsidiary Guarantors*
23 - Consents:*
23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP*
31 - Certification Letters:*
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification*
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification*
32 - Section 1350 Certification Letter:**
32.1 Section 1350 Certification**
97 - Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation
97.1 QVC, Inc. Clawback Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (File No. 001-38654) as filed on February 28, 2024).
101 - XBRL:*
101.INS XBRL Instance Document* - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file
because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document*
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)*
*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.
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EXHIBIT INDEX