EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 22701
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 22701_10-K_2025_0000022701-25-000002.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
SUNation Energy, Inc. (herein referred to as “SUNation Energy,” “SUNE,” “our,” “we” or the “Company”) is focused on growing leading local and regional solar, storage, and energy services companies nationwide. The SUNation Energy vision is the provision of exemplary client service while powering the energy transition through grass-root, community-centric growth of solar electricity paired with battery storage. Our portfolio of brands (SUNation, Hawaii Energy Connection, E-Gear) provide homeowners and businesses of all sizes with an end-to-end product offering spanning solar, battery storage, and grid services. SUNation Energy, Inc.’s markets are New York, Florida, and Hawaii, and the company operates proudly within three (3) U.S. states.
Our primary customers are residential homeowners. We also provide solar energy systems to commercial owners and other municipal customers.
Corporate History
SUNation Energy is a Delaware corporation originally organized in 1969 that operates directly and through its subsidiaries located in the United States (“U.S.”).
On March 28, 2022, the Company completed its previously announced merger transaction with Pineapple Energy LLC (“Pineapple Energy”) in accordance with the terms of that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 1, 2021, as amended by an Amendment No. 1 to Merger Agreement dated December 16, 2021 (collectively the “merger agreement”), by and among the Company, Helios Merger Co., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), Pineapple Energy LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Lake Street Solar LLC as the Members’ Representative, and Randall D. Sampson as the Shareholders’ Representative, pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Pineapple Energy, with Pineapple Energy surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “merger”). Following the closing of the merger (the “Closing”) the Company changed its name from Communications Systems, Inc. to Pineapple Holdings, Inc. and commenced doing business using the Pineapple name, and subsequently, on April 13, 2022, changed its name to Pineapple Energy Inc.
In addition, on March 28, 2022 and immediately prior to the closing of the merger, Pineapple Energy completed its acquisition (“HEC Asset Acquisition”) of substantially all of the assets of two Hawaii-based solar energy companies, HEC and E-Gear. On November 9, 2022, the Company purchased the equity of New York-based SUNation Solar Systems, Inc. and five of its affiliated entities (collectively “SUNation”).
On November 14, 2024, the Company filed articles of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Minnesota and filed a certificate of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware changing its jurisdiction of incorporation from Minnesota to Delaware (the “Reincorporation”), as well as having filed a Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on this same date. Concurrently with the Reincorporation, the Company also effectuated a change to its name from Pineapple Energy, Inc. to SUNation Energy, Inc., and to its stock trading symbol from PEGY to SUNE, effective November 19, 2024.
Pursuant to the merger agreement, the Company sold substantially all of its JDL Technologies, Inc. (“JDL”) and Ecessa Corporation (“Ecessa”) businesses on June 30, 2023. Because the Company was working to divest such assets pursuant to the merger agreement, it previously met the criteria to report the operations of these businesses as discontinued operations. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Discontinued Operations.” As a result, unless otherwise noted, all information in this Form 10-K related to the JDL and Ecessa businesses is discussed and presented as discontinued operations and the Company’s remaining business operations are reported as continuing operations.
Our Strategy
Our strategy is designed to provide customers with sustainable energy security by leveraging our people, technology, and processes to deliver solutions that improve the performance, increase the reliability, and reduce the cost of energy. Key elements of our strategy include:
Capitalizing on the opportunity for industry and regional consolidation. Residential solar is a fragmented industry, with over 4,000 contractors nationwide. We believe the Sunrun-Vivint merger in 2020 started an era of consolidation and the positive impact of scale-expansion. According to Wood Mackenzie, as of 2022 Q2, 70%+ of the residential solar market is served by a regional or local installer. We believe there is a tremendous opportunity for a consolidator to rapidly scale its
business and become one of the most recognized brands in the industry through acquiring, integrating, and growing leading local and regional solar sales and installation companies.
Leverage and continue to lower our customer acquisition costs through referral programs. We already have what we believe are premier referral rates, with over 50% of installed jobs in 2023 and 2024 coming from referrals or repeat customers. We believe that our existing HEC and SUNation portfolio companies form a foundation to drive improved referral performance across the network of companies we acquire, further increasing our referral rates and lowering our overall customer acquisition cost.
Continue to grow our operations to achieve economies of scale. Residential and Commercial solar is like many industries in that cost-of-goods-sold is a significant expense, and companies with greater scale can enjoy significantly lower costs throughout their equipment supply chain. As we grow both organically and through acquisitions, we expect to lower the costs of acquiring key input products such as modules, inverters, and electrical balance-of-systems components, which we anticipate should allow us to accelerate growth through lower pricing and enhanced profit margins. With scalable shared services (e.g., accounting, HR, policy, marketing, legal, IT), we believe our current approach of organic growth enhanced by acquisitions will lead to profitability and cash generation. We are also able to help our customers access various options to finance their acquisition of a solar system through referrals to a variety of solar finance companies.
Explore potential opportunities outside of solar to become a one-stop shop for consumers’ home and energy needs. As we continue to grow our customer base, we may have new opportunities for incremental revenue generation by cross-selling ancillary market products such as more energy storage and service contracts on orphaned systems (customers whose original solar contractor is no longer in business).
We believe that the following key strengths of our business position us to execute on our M&A roll-up strategy and to distinguish us from competitors.
Customer centric approach in market, leading to competitive customer acquisition costs. SUNation Energy seeks to put the customer above all else. Our installers complete offerings in-house as full-service installers to have total control of the customer experience. Our Company offers transparent, clear sales agreements and has invested in digital tools to support customers along the installation journey. Our installers are active in their local communities to build a trusted brand. These activities lead to satisfied customers, as demonstrated by a high average referral rate and favorable online reviews, helping to lower future customer acquisition costs.
A leading vendor for cutting-edge product offerings. We are a leading vendor for cutting-edge product offerings from Enphase, Tesla, FranklinWH, and other large solar product providers. As an experienced operator in the residential solar industry, we have built relationships with these large solar product providers.
Seasoned and experienced management team. We have a strong leadership team, with deep experience in residential solar and M&A. Our chief executive officer grew our New York business into the third largest solar provider in one of the most dynamic markets in the country. Our chief operating officer and chief financial officer is a seasoned leader in the M&A, finance and solar spaces.
Our Products and Services
The primary product we offer to customers is a photovoltaic solar energy system, which is almost always installed on the roof, although can at times be ground mounted. Solar panels, also called modules, generate direct-current electricity when they are struck by sunlight. This direct current (“DC”) is sent to an inverter, which converts the DC electricity into alternating-current (“AC”) electricity, which is the type of electricity that is needed to provide power to outlets and run home appliances and equipment The AC flows from the inverter to the home’s main electrical panel, where it is then used to supply the home, business, or institution’s current power needs. If there is a shortfall, the home draws the remainder needed from the traditional utility connection, often referred to as the “grid.” If the home system has excess production, the surplus is usually exported back to the grid. Residential solar systems typically provide cost savings to customers because the system’s roof-panels generate power from the sun instead of customer’s needing to purchase power from the utility. In addition, customers generally receive tax incentives and credits for the excess generation provided back to the utility.
Battery storage is an increasingly important piece of our offering. Lithium-ion batteries store excess solar generated electricity on the residential premises, as opposed to sending it back to the grid. This can generate economic benefits in markets with utility time-of-use (“TOU”) rates, whereby a homeowner is compensated at a low rate during the day for sending solar to the grid but would be charged a high rate in the evening for drawing electricity from the grid. In TOU markets, customers can store their excess power during the day and then utilize the stored power at night, thus saving money. An equally important benefit of pairing a battery with solar is that a battery will keep powering a customer’s home during a grid outage. A solar system alone will not continue providing a home with electricity if the grid is down as the utility company establishes automatic disconnects to ensure that no live current is sent back into the grid for safety reasons. When a battery is added, the system can automatically and nearly-instantaneously become a self-contained micro-grid during an outage. The home can continue utilizing the electricity generated by the panels, as well as electricity stored in the battery when the sun is not shining. In addition, the excess production from the panels during the day can be used to recharge a battery that was depleted overnight.
In the Hawaiian market we also offer energy management control devices on solar systems that are paired with batteries. This is an emerging part of the business, but soon we believe we will be able to help homeowners generate ongoing revenue streams by aggregating their batteries into a fleet, thus creating a “virtual power plant” and selling grid services to the utility. We have proprietary technology in this area, strong relationships with regulators and utilities.
Residential Customers Agreements
The majority of SUNation Energy’s revenue (82% of 2024 consolidated revenue) comes from photovoltaic solar energy systems and batteries for residential homeowners. The size of our residential installations vary by location. In 2024, the average system size installed was 6.1 kilowatts for HEC customers in Hawaii and 11.4 kilowatts for SUNation’s regional customers on Long Island, New York.
Historically, most residential homeowners have chosen to own their home system rather than pursue a third-party ownership model. The Company believes that it has historically been best for customers to own their own systems, but recognizes that some customers do not want to own their systems.
For customers pursuing the home ownership model, these customers typically pursue loan financing, although a small proportion pay in cash. Pineapple assists customers in obtaining loan financing options through our relationships with diverse funding sources. Under these loan financing agreements, there is typically no down-payment or upfront cost to the homeowner. A “dealer fee” is typically rolled into the principal balance, and that amount is amortized over the tenure of the loan. Customers will pay for this amount financed plus a finance charge through a monthly payment to a financing supplier.
Under the customer loan scenario, we receive cash payments from the loan company upon completion of various milestones during the installation process.
In addition to our residential offerings, the Company has a distinct roofing business within the New York market. This division offers vertically integrated roofing services alongside our solar and storage options. Thanks to this distinction, our roofing services allow for the diversification of our product offerings, offering our regional business the chance for additional revenue opportunities.
To showcase workmanship and the Company’s commitment to quality, the Company has worked alongside General Aniline & Film (“GAF”), a respected industry leader in the roofing field, to climb up their partnership ranks. Since launch, the Company has reached the upper echelon of GAF installer status tiers and is being recognized for its quality work in the field.
Commercial and Industrial Contracts
SUNation Energy, through its regional business entities, actively develops and installs photovoltaic (PV) arrays and other renewable energy solutions for commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities across both the New York and Hawaii markets. Projects span a wide range of property types-including office buildings, warehouses, schools, and non-profit organizations-and are tailored to meet customer needs through various system configurations, including rooftop installations, ground-mounted arrays, and solar carports.
The nature of the commercial business is highly complex, and has a significantly different timeline, permitting process, and labor standards as compared to solar development and deployment in the residential spaces. As a result of these complex nuances, the Company has a seasoned commercial leadership team that oversees a dedicated department whose sole focus is on operations, installation, project management and development of commercial, institutional, and industrial sites.
In addition to the development of commercial projects, the Company has worked with stakeholders in the private and public sectors to offer community solar, which distributes the benefits of renewable energy that is produced on larger sites to ratepayers who have opted in at a competitively-priced market rate, as well as shaping policy actions across the local, state, and federal governments that are favorable towards the mass adoption of green technology.
As a result of the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act, which was passed by Congress and signed into law by then-President Joe Biden in 2022, commercial solar opportunities have grown as more institutional uses, including churches, private schools, and non-profit organizations, have become both eligible and aware of governmental incentives to enhance solar adoption across the country.
Service of Existing and Orphaned Systems
SUNation Energy, through its regional businesses, also offers service, repair and preventative maintenance of solar systems, batteries, and other related components. Within the industry, these service operations are a unique differentiator that sets the Company apart from its peers as most solar operators in the Company’s key markets do not seek to maintain and/or monitor the performance of existing systems for their customers and/or non-customers.
The Company actively services and repairs the systems of competitor systems, as is technically feasible based on component type, age, and staff qualifications and training. With over twenty years in business, the Company has found that as other solar providers have exited the market or have gone out of business, there has been ample consumer demand for these types of services, and these operations offer enhanced and diversified revenue opportunities.
Competition
In the solar installation market, we compete with companies that offer products like ours. Some of these companies have greater financial resources, operational experience, and technical capabilities than we do. When bidding for solar installation projects, however, our current experience suggests that there is no clear dominant or preferred competitor in the markets in which we compete. We do not believe that any competitor has more than 25% of market share in the regions in which we operate. We compete with other solar installers on pricing, service, warranty, and the ability to arrange financing. We also compete, on a cost basis, with traditional utilities that supply electricity to our potential customers and with companies that are not regulated like traditional utilities but that have access to the traditional utility electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure pursuant to state and local pro-competitive and consumer choice policies. Our advantage over traditional utilities is that we offer customers the opportunity to create their own electricity and reduce dependency on the traditional electrical grid. We compete with these traditional utilities primarily based on price (cents per kilowatt hour), predictability of future prices, the backup power capabilities of our battery storage solution and the ease by which customers can switch to electricity generated by our solar energy systems.
We believe we are a strong competitor, but the marketplace is comprised of many companies. There are over 4,000 residential solar sales and installation companies in the U.S., and most residential solar sales are competitive with customers receiving quotes from multiple companies.
We also compete with (i) companies that are not regulated like traditional utilities but that have access to the traditional utility electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure pursuant to state and local pro-competitive and consumer choice policies and (ii) solar companies with business models that are like ours. Some customers might choose to subscribe to a community solar project or renewable subscriber program with these companies or their utilities, instead of installing a solar energy system on their home, which could affect our sales. Additionally, some utilities offer generation portfolios that are increasingly renewable in nature. We believe that we compete favorably with these companies based on our unique multi-channel approach and differentiated customer experience.
We also face competition from: purely sales organizations that acquire customers and then subcontract out the installation of solar energy systems; from those installation businesses that seek financing from external parties; from large construction companies and utilities; and from sophisticated electrical and roofing companies.
Intellectual Property
We hold registered trademarks for, among others, “SUNation”, “SUNation Energy”, “Hawaii Energy Connection,” “SUNation Solar Systems, Inc.,” “Sungevity,” and “Horizon Solar Power.” These trademarks are important to our regional branding and growth strategy.
Government Regulation
We are not regulated as a public utility in the U.S. under applicable national, state, or other local regulatory regimes where we conduct business.
To install systems, we obtain interconnection permission from the applicable local primary electric utility. Depending on the size of the solar energy system and local law requirements, interconnection permission is provided by the local utility directly to us and/or our customers. In almost all cases, interconnection permissions are issued based on a standard process that has been pre-approved by the local public utility commission or other regulatory body with jurisdiction over net metering policies. As such, no additional regulatory approvals are required once interconnection permission is given.
Our operations are subject to stringent and complex federal, state, and local laws, including regulations governing the occupational health and safety of our employees and wage regulations. For example, we are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended (“OSHA”), the U.S. Department of Transportation (“DOT”), and comparable state laws that protect and regulate employee health and safety. We endeavor to maintain compliance with applicable DOT, OSHA, and other comparable government regulations.
Government Incentives
Federal, state, and local government bodies provide incentives, including rebates, tax credits, and other financial incentives, to catalyze customer acceptance of solar energy as an alternative to utility-provided power.
Some of the most significant federal incentives are sourced from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”). Among other provisions, the IRA extended the Investment Tax Credit (“ITC”) for homeowners. Qualifying homeowners who purchase a residential solar energy system and/or energy storage system can receive a 30% tax credit, returning a material portion of purchase price to homeowners. This 30% tax credit lasts until 2033 before stepping down to 26% in 2033, 22% in 2034, and 0% in 2035, unless extended again by Congress. Since its inception in 2005, the ITC has already been extended three times.
At the state and local level, one of the key polices in place in many states that have enabled the growth of distributed solar is net metering. Net metering provides significant value to certain customers with solar energy systems for the electricity generated by their systems but not directly consumed on site. Net metering allows a customer to pay the local electric utility only for power usage net of excess production from the customer's solar energy system. Customers receive a credit for the energy an interconnected solar energy system generates in excess of that needed by the home or business, which is provided to the electrical grid.
In addition to net metering, many states have enacted programs to further compensate homeowners who generate their own clean electricity for their contributions to society via their production of carbon-free renewable electricity. The mechanisms can vary, but solar renewable energy certificates (“SREC”) or production credits are two of the more common paths.
More than half of the states, and many local jurisdictions, have established property tax incentives for renewable energy systems that include exemptions, exclusions, abatements, and credits. Approximately 30 states and the District of Columbia have adopted a renewable portfolio standard (and eight other states have some voluntary goal) that requires regulated utilities to procure a specified percentage of total electricity delivered in the state from eligible renewable energy sources, such as solar energy systems, by a specified date.
Human Capital
As of March 31, 2025, the Company employed 189 people. We consider our relations with our employees to be good. None of our employees are currently represented by a labor union.
The Company aims to attract and retain qualified personnel and provides wages and benefits that are competitive locally to reward employees for performance. The Company values innovation, inclusion and diversity, safety and engagement as they attract, develop, and retain the best talent.
The health and safety of our employees is a top priority of our leaders. We believe the Company has generally been successful implementing proactive measures to protect the health and safety of its employees while maintaining business continuity and high levels of service to our customers.
Available Information
The Company maintains a website at www.sunation.com/corporate. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and other reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after these documents are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). To obtain copies of these reports, go to www.ir.sunation.com and click on “Financial Info,” then click on “Financial Results” to view all of our current EDGAR reports.
The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, like SUNation Energy, that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s website is www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Certain statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of and in reliance on the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those factors discussed below.
Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock
Our shares will be subject to potential delisting if we do not maintain the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market.
The shares of our common stock are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq. Nasdaq has rules for continued listing, including, without limitation, minimum market capitalization and other requirements. Failure to maintain our listing, or de-listing from Nasdaq, would make it more difficult for shareholders to dispose of our common stock and more difficult to obtain accurate price quotations
on our common stock. This could have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Our ability to issue additional securities for financing or other purposes, or otherwise to arrange for any financing we may need in the future, may also be materially and adversely affected if our common stock is not traded on a national securities exchange. On April 11, 2025, we received a new non-compliance notice notifying the Company that, for the 30 consecutive business day period immediately preceding deficiency letter, the Company’s common stock had not maintained a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”) and, as a result, does not comply with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Rule”). Normally, a company would be afforded a 180-calendar day period (“Cure Period”) to demonstrate compliance with such deficiency; however, pursuant to Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A)(iv), the Company is not eligible for a customary Cure Period specified in Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) due to the fact that the Company has effected a reverse stock split over the prior one-year period or has effected one or more reverse stock splits over the prior two-year period with a cumulative ratio of 250 shares or more to one.. Instead, the Company is offered an opportunity to appeal any deficiency related to a delisting determination to Nasdaq within seven days from receipt of the non-compliance notice. Accordingly, unless the Company timely requests a hearing before a Hearings Panel, the Company’s securities would be subject to suspension/delisting. The Company intends to timely request a hearing before the Hearing Panel. While the hearing request will automatically stay any suspension or delisting action pending the hearing and the expiration of any additional extension period if granted by the Panel following the hearing, there can be no assurance that the Panel will grant the Company an additional extension period or that the Company will ultimately regain compliance with all applicable requirements for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Additionally, to this end, the stockholders of the Company had approved a share consolidation on April 3, 2025 that has been effectuated within the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and, if such action ultimately resolves the above noted Nasdaq listing compliance deficiency prior to such hearing date, then we may be mooted out of the hearing; however, there can be no assurance that this action by us will result n regaining compliance with the deficiency for a sufficiently long period, or that the we may be delisted despite taking all such remedial actions to avoid such a negative result.
Shareholders may be diluted if additional capital stock is issued to raise capital, including to finance acquisitions, repay debt or in connection with strategic transactions.
We intend to seek to raise additional funds for our operations, to finance acquisitions, repay existing debt or to develop strategic relationships by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, which would reduce the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders. Our board of directors has the authority, without action or vote of the stockholders, to issue all or any part of our authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock. Following our recent shareholder approval, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock and 3,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Future issuances of common or preferred stock would reduce your influence over matters on which stockholders vote and would be dilutive to earnings per share. In addition, any newly issued preferred stock could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the common stock. Those rights, preferences and privileges could include, among other things, the establishment of dividends that must be paid prior to declaring or paying dividends or other distributions to holders of our common stock or providing for preferential liquidation rights. These rights, preferences and privileges could negatively affect the rights of holders of our common stock, and the right to convert such preferred stock into shares of our common stock at a rate or price that would have a dilutive effect on the outstanding shares of our common stock.
There is no public market for the common warrants or pre-funded warrants issued and outstanding.
There is no established public trading market for the common warrants or pre-funded warrants previously issued by us, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list any of our outstanding warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system, including The Nasdaq Stock Market. Without an active market, the liquidity of our issued and outstanding warrants will be limited.
Holders of our common warrants and pre-funded warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until they acquire our common stock.
Until holders of our issued and outstanding warrants acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of such warrants, the holders will have no rights with respect to shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants. Upon exercise of the warrants, holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.
We may be required to repurchase the common warrants issued in February 2025, which may prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us.
The February 2025 issued common warrants provide that in the event of a “Fundamental Transaction” (as defined in the related warrant agreement, each common warrant holder will have the right at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), to require us to repurchase the common warrant for a purchase price in cash equal to the Black-Scholes value (as calculated under the warrant agreement) of the then remaining unexercised portion of such common warrant on the date of such
Fundamental Transaction, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and/or results of operations and may prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us.
Future sales of Company shares or securities exercisable for shares could cause the Company’s stock price to decline.
If shareholders of the Company, sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of the Company’s common stock in the public market, the trading price of the common stock of the Company could decline. Dilution and potential dilution, the availability of a large number of shares for sale, and the possibility of additional issuances and sales of the Company’s common stock may negatively affect both the trading price and liquidity of the Company’s common stock.
Our management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 due to material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and financial results.
The process of designing and implementing and maintaining effective internal controls for newly acquired businesses has required and is expected to continue to require significant resources of the Company. We have concluded that we have material weaknesses in our internal controls due to our limited accounting and finance resources which resulted in inappropriate preparation, review and maintenance of documentation critical to the design and consistent execution of internal controls. Due to limited staffing,it can be challenging to properly prepare, review and maintain appropriate documentation critical to the process.
The process of designing and implementing and maintaining effective internal controls for newly acquired businesses has required and is expected to continue to require significant resources of the Company. We have concluded that we have material weaknesses in our internal controls due to our limited accounting and finance resources which resulted in inappropriate preparation, review and maintenance of documentation critical to the design and consistent execution of internal controls. Due to limited staffing, it can be challenging to properly prepare, review and maintain appropriate documentation critical to the process. If the Company continues to have material weaknesses in our internal controls or is unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal financial controls and procedures, it could cause the Company to fail to meet its reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in its consolidated financial statements, and harm its operating results. In addition, the process for designing and implementing and maintaining an effective internal control environment for the Company may divert management’s attention from revenue generating or other important business activities.
If the Company fails to design and implement and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting for newly acquired businesses in the required timeframe, it may be subject to sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, including the SEC and Nasdaq. Furthermore, if the Company is unable to conclude that its internal controls over financial reporting are effective, it could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, the market price of the Company’s securities could decline, and it could be subject to sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities. Failure to implement or maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures required of public companies could also restrict the Company’s future access to the capital markets.
The price of the Company’s common stock and trading volume may be volatile and may negatively impact shareholders’ value of their investment.
The market price for the Company’s common stock has been highly volatile, and the market from time to time has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of public companies. The trading volume and prices of the common stock have been volatile and may continue to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors both within and beyond the Company’s control. During 2024 through March 15, 2025, the sale price of common stock ranged from $0.16 to $480 per share, and our daily trading volume ranged from 11 to approximately 514.0 million shares. This volatility may, in part, be the result of broad market and industry factors. Future fluctuations in the trading price or liquidity of the Company’s common stock may harm the value of the investment of the Company’s shareholders in the Company’s common stock.
Factors that may have a significant impact on the market price and marketability of the Company’s common stock include, among others:
public reaction to the Company’s press releases, announcements and filings with the SEC;
the Company’s operating and financial performance;
fluctuations in broader securities market prices and volumes, particularly among securities of technology and solar companies;
changes in market valuations of similar companies;
departures of key personnel;
commencement of or involvement in material litigation;
variations in the Company’s quarterly results of operations or those of other technology and solar companies;
changes in general economic conditions, financial markets or the technology and solar industries;
announcements by the Company or its competitors of significant acquisitions or other transactions;
changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;
speculation in the press or investment community;
actions by the Company’s shareholders, particularly relating to the Company’s common stock;
the failure of securities analysts to cover the Company’s common stock or changes in their recommendations and estimates of its financial performance;
future sales of the Company’s common stock;
the delisting of the Company’s common stock or halting or suspension of trading in its common stock by the Nasdaq Stock Market;
economic and other external factors such as global conflicts, trade wars and the impacts of domestic and foreign tariffs on supplies, parts and other solar related materials and components; and
general market conditions.
The Company may issue additional common stock resulting in stock ownership dilution.
As of April 11, 2025, we had 646,282,496 shares of common stock outstanding. There are an additional 264 shares reserved for issuance upon the settlement of outstanding restricted stock units, 12,482 shares available for grant under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, and 400 shares available for issuance under the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
Additionally, following our most recently completed equity offering on February 27, 2025, we issued common stock warrants containing exercise price adjustments and, in the case of the Series B Warrants, an alternative cashless exercise feature, which, if triggered, may cause substantial dilution. Following the Warrant Stockholder Approval of the February 2025 equity offering, if the market price is less than the exercise price of the Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants, respectively, then the exercise price of the February 2025 warrants will be reduced to the market price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise will be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate price will remain unchanged, provided, however, the adjusted exercise price shall not be less than the Nasdaq compliant floor price set forth therein.
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‎In addition, if, while the common warrants are outstanding, we issue or sell, or are deemed to have issued or sold, any common stock and/or common stock equivalents other than in connection with certain exempt issuances, at a purchase price per share less than the exercise price of the common warrants in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale, then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of each such issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale, the exercise price of the common warrants then in effect will be reduced to an amount equal to the new issuance price, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise will be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate price will remain unchanged, provided that, the adjusted exercise price shall not be less than twenty percent of the “Minimum Price” under Nasdaq rules (subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, recapitalizations and similar transactions following the Issue Date).
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‎In addition, if the Series B Warrants are exercised by way of an alternative cashless exercise, such exercising holder will receive three shares of common stock for each share of common stock they would receive in a cash exercise for each Series B Warrant they exercise, without any cash payment to us. As a result, we do not expect to receive cash proceeds from the exercise of the Series B Warrants. If any of the above provisions in the common warrants are utilized, our stockholders may suffer substantial dilution.
In addition, we may raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, which would further dilute the ownership interests of our shareholders. As of April 11, 2025, there are currently 156,752,190 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of the remaining outstanding Series A and Series B Warrants.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law, the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws may discourage or prevent a change in control, even if beneficial to our shareholders and could cause our stock price to decline.
Certain provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could make the acquisition of our company more difficult and could delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or other takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interest, including takeover attempts that might result in the payment of a premium to stockholders over the market price for their shares. These provisions also may promote the continuity of our management by making it more difficult for a person to remove or change the incumbent members of our board of directors.
The Company’s board of directors is authorized to issue and designate shares of preferred stock without shareholder approval.
The Company’s articles of incorporation authorize the board of directors, without the approval of the Company shareholders, to issue up to 3,000,000 shares of preferred stock, subject to limitations prescribed by applicable law, rules and regulations and the provisions
of the articles of incorporation, as shares of preferred stock in series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof. The powers, preferences and rights of these series of preferred stock may be senior to or on parity with our common stock, which may reduce its value.
Risks Relating to the Company’s Business
The Company’s growth strategy depends on the continued origination of solar installation agreements.
The Company’s growth strategy depends on the continued origination of solar installation agreements. The Company may be unable to originate additional solar installation agreements and related solar energy systems in the numbers or at the pace the Company currently expects for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:
demand for solar energy systems failing to develop sufficiently or taking longer than expected to develop;
residential solar energy technology being unavailable at economically attractive prices as a result of factors outside of the Company’s control, including utility prices not rising as quickly as anticipated;
issues related to financing, construction, permitting, the environment, governmental approvals and the negotiation of solar installation agreements;
a reduction in government incentives or adverse changes in policy and laws for the development or use of solar energy, including net metering, SRECs and tax credits;
other government or regulatory actions that could adversely affect the Company’s business model;
supply chain issues considering most residential solar panels are manufactured outside the U.S.;
negative developments in public perception of the solar energy industry; and
competition from other solar companies following a business plan similar to the Company’s and other energy technologies, including the emergence of alternative renewable energy technologies.
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If the challenges of originating solar installation agreements increase, the Company’s pool of available opportunities may be limited, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
If the Company fails to manage its operations and growth effectively, it may be unable to execute its business plan, maintain high levels of customer service or adequately address competitive challenges.
The Company continues to be focused on growing revenue in the future and it intends to continue its efforts to expand its business within existing and new markets. This growth may place a strain on the Company’s management, operational and financial infrastructure. The Company’s growth requires management to devote a significant amount of time and effort to maintain and expand its relationships with customers and third parties, attract new customers, arrange financing for its growth and manage its expansion into additional markets.
In addition, the Company’s current and planned operations, personnel, information technology and other systems and procedures might be inadequate to support future growth and may require it to make additional unanticipated investments in its infrastructure. The Company’s success and ability to further scale its business will depend, in part, on its ability to manage these changes in a cost-effective and efficient manner.
If the Company cannot manage its operations and growth, it may be unable to meet its or others’ expectations regarding growth, opportunity and financial targets, take advantage of market opportunities, execute its business strategies or respond to competitive pressures. This could also result in declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increased costs, difficulties in introducing new offerings or other operational difficulties. Any failure to effectively manage the Company’s operations and growth could adversely impact its reputation, business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
The Company needs to raise additional capital to fund its operations and repay its obligations, which funding may not be available on favorable terms or at all and may lead to substantial dilution to the Company’s existing shareholders. Further, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which conditions may adversely affect the Company’s stock price and its ability to raise capital.
Based on the Company’s current financial position, which includes approximately $0.3 million of restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments that are restricted under the CVR agreement and cannot be used by the Company for its own working capital needs, and the Company’s forecasted future cash flows for twelve months beyond the date of issuance of these financial statements, substantial doubt exists around the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. As noted in Note 17, Subsequent Events, the Company raised capital and satisfied certain outstanding debt obligations subsequent to year end, however there remains uncertainty related to our future cash flows as it relies on the ability to generate enough cash flow from its operating segments to cover the Company’s corporate overhead costs. As a result, the Company requires additional funding and seeks to raise
capital through sources that may include public or private equity offerings, debt financings and/or strategic alliances. However, additional funding may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional funds, it would have a negative impact on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
As discussed in Note 17, Subsequent Events, while we have recently repaid all of our then secured debt obligations and amended our long-term note related to the SUNation acquisition, we have significant obligations under payables and other contracts. Our ability to operate as a going concern is contingent upon successfully obtaining additional financing. Raising additional capital may be costly or difficult to obtain and could significantly dilute the Company’s shareholders’ ownership interests or inhibit the Company’s ability to achieve its business objectives. If the Company raises additional funds through public or private equity offerings or convertible debt or other exchangeable securities, the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of the Company’s common shareholders. To the extent that the Company raises additional capital through the sale of common stock or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, the Company’s existing shareholders will be diluted. In addition, any debt financing may subject the Company to fixed payment obligations and covenants limiting or restricting its ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt or making capital expenditures.
In addition, the fact that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and that the Company is operating under these conditions may adversely affect the Company’s stock price and its ability to raise capital.
The Company depends on a limited number of suppliers of solar energy system components and technologies to adequately meet demand for its solar energy systems.
The Company purchases solar panels, inverters, energy storage systems and other system components and instruments from a limited number of suppliers, making it susceptible to quality issues, shortages and price changes. If one or more of the suppliers the Company relies upon to meet anticipated demand ceases or reduces production due to its financial condition, acquisition by a competitor or otherwise, is unable to increase production as industry demand increases or is otherwise unable to allocate sufficient production to it, it may be difficult to quickly identify alternative suppliers or to qualify alternative products on commercially reasonable terms and the Company’s ability to satisfy this demand may be adversely affected. There are a limited number of suppliers of solar energy system components, instruments and technologies. Any need to transition to a new supplier may result in additional costs and delays in originating solar installation agreements and deploying its related solar energy systems, which in turn may result in additional costs and delays in its acquisition of such solar installation agreements and related solar energy systems. These issues could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
There have also been periods of industry-wide shortages of key components and instruments, including batteries and inverters, in times of rapid industry growth. The manufacturing infrastructure for some of these components has a long lead-time, requires significant capital investment and relies on the continued availability of key commodity materials, which could potentially result in an inability to meet demand for these components. The solar industry is currently experiencing rapid growth and, as a result, shortages of key components or instruments, including solar panels, may be more likely to occur, which in turn may result in price increases for such components. Even if industry-wide shortages do not occur, manufacturers and suppliers experiencing high demand or insufficient production capacity for key components may allocate these key components to customers other than the Company or its suppliers. The Company’s ability to originate solar installation agreements and related solar energy systems would be reduced as a result of the allocation of key components by manufacturers and suppliers.
The Company’s supply chain and operations could be subject to natural disasters and other events beyond its control, such as earthquakes, wildfires, flooding, hurricanes, tsunamis, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, droughts, tornadoes, power outages or other natural disasters, the effects of climate change and related extreme weather, public health issues and pandemics, war, terrorism, government restrictions or limitations on trade, and geo-political unrest and uncertainties.
Increases in the cost of the Company’s solar energy systems due to tariffs and other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. and foreign governments could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
The United States has often considered tariffs on industry-related goods imported from other countries. For example, on February 8, 2022, Auxin Solar, a U.S.-based solar panel manufacturer, submitted a petition to the U.S. Department of Commerce to request country-wide circumvention inquiries pursuant to Section 781(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 concerning crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and modules assembled in Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia using Chinese inputs. In December 2024, then President Biden's U.S. Trade Representative increased tariffs on certain tungsten products, wafers and polysilicon made in China. The rates for tungsten products increased to 25%, and the rates for solar wafers and polysilicon increased to 50%, effective Jan. 1, 2025. These actions could have the effect of increasing our product costs and may impact margins and operating costs.
Prior to the Department of Commerce issuing its preliminary decision, the Biden Administration issued an order in June 2022 that paused the collection of any new anti-dumping or countervailing duty of certain solar cells and modules exported from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam for two years, until June 2024. The White House initiated this “bridge” action in advance of the Department of Commerce’s preliminary decision, in effect guaranteeing no new solar tariffs for 24 months. Nonetheless, the
Department’s investigation had the effect of increasing module prices and affected supply. If imposed in June 2024, the related duties could further increase module prices and affect supply, which would negatively impact our supply chain and operations.
Human rights and forced labor issues in foreign countries and the U.S. government’s response to them could also disrupt the Company’s supply chain and its operations could be adversely impacted. For example, in response to allegations regarding forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, the Biden Administration in 2021 passed the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act. This Act has led to intensive examinations, withhold release orders, and other governmental procedures that have caused supply chain and operational delays. These and other similar trade restrictions that may be imposed in the future could cause delivery and installation delays and restrict the global supply of polysilicon and solar products.
The Company’s operating results and its ability to grow may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year, which could make its future performance difficult to predict and could cause its operating results for a particular period to fall below expectations.
The Company’s quarterly and annual operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly in the future. In addition to the other risks described in this section, the following factors could cause the Company’s operating results to fluctuate:
expiration or initiation of any governmental rebates or incentives;
significant fluctuations in customer demand for the Company’s solar energy systems;
our ability to continue to expand the Company’s operations and the amount and timing of expenditures related to this expansion;
announcements by the Company or its competitors of significant acquisitions;
strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital-raising activities or commitments;
price of materials and supplies;
availability and cost of labor;
changes in the Company’s pricing policies or terms or those of its competitors, including centralized electric utilities;
actual or anticipated developments in the Company’s competitors’ businesses;
technology or the competitive landscape; and
natural disasters or other weather or meteorological conditions.
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For these or other reasons, past performance should not be relied upon as indications of the Company’s future performance.
The Company may be required to record an impairment charge on our goodwill in the future.
We are required under generally accepted accounting principles to test goodwill for impairment at least annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. Factors that can lead to impairment of goodwill include significant adverse changes in the business climate and actual or projected operating results, declines in the financial condition of our business and sustained decrease in our stock price. As of October 1, 2024, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and concluded that the fair value of our reporting units exceeded its carrying value. However, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we performed an interim quantitative assessment as of December 31, 2024 related to the recoverability of our goodwill for our two reporting units as a result of a material decline in our stock price and forecasted revenues and operating results. We concluded that the fair value of our HEC reporting unit did not exceed its carrying value as of December 31, 2024 and recorded an impairment of $3.1 million in our consolidated statements of operations, reducing our HEC goodwill balance to $6.7 million and our total goodwill balance to $17.4 million. We may be required to record additional impairment expense on our goodwill in the future.
For further information regarding the assessment please see Note 8, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We may not realize the anticipated benefits of past or future investments, strategic transactions, or acquisitions, and integration of these acquisitions may disrupt our business and our management.
We have in the past and may in the future, acquire companies, projects, products, or technologies or enter into joint ventures or other strategic transactions.
We may not realize the anticipated benefits of past or future investments, strategic transactions, or acquisitions, and these transactions involve numerous risks that are not within our control. These risks include the following, among others:
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Failure to satisfy the required conditions and otherwise complete a planned acquisition, joint venture or other strategic transaction on a timely basis or at all;
Legal or regulatory proceedings, if any, relating to a planned acquisition, joint venture or other strategic transaction and the outcome of such legal proceedings;
Difficulty in assimilating the operations, systems, and personnel of the acquired company;
Difficulty in effectively integrating the acquired technologies or products with our current products and technologies;
Difficulty in maintaining controls, procedures and policies during the transition and integration;
Disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of our management and employees from other opportunities and challenges due to integration issues;
Difficulty integrating the acquired company’s accounting, management information and other administrative systems;
Inability to retain key technical and managerial personnel of the acquired business;
Inability to retain key customers, vendors and other business partners of the acquired business;
Inability to achieve the financial and strategic goals for the acquired and combined businesses;
Incurring acquisition-related costs or amortization costs for acquired intangible assets that could impact our results of operations;
Significant post-acquisition investments which may lower the actual benefits realized through the acquisition;
Potential failure of the due diligence processes to identify significant issues with product quality, legal, and financial liabilities, among other things;
Moderating and anticipating the impacts of inherent or emerging seasonality in acquired customer agreements;
Potential inability to assert that internal controls over financial reporting are effective; and
Potential inability to obtain, or obtain in a timely manner, approvals from governmental authorities, which could delay or prevent such acquisitions.
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Our failure to address these risks, or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future investments, strategic transactions, or acquisitions, could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm our business generally. Future acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, incremental expenses or the write-off of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition or results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock could decline.
If the Company is unable to make net profitable acquisitions on economically acceptable terms, its future growth would be limited, and any acquisitions it may make could reduce, rather than increase, its cash flows.
The consummation and timing of any future acquisitions will depend upon, among other things, whether the Company is able to:
identify attractive acquisition candidates that are accretive and net profitable;
negotiate economically acceptable purchase agreements;
obtain any required governmental or third-party consents;
obtain financing for these acquisitions on economically acceptable terms;
which may be more difficult at times when the capital markets are less accessible; and
outbid any competing bidders.
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Additionally, any acquisition involves potential risks, including, among other things:
mistaken assumptions about assets, revenues and expenses of the acquired company, including synergies and potential growth;
an inability to successfully integrate the assets or businesses the Company acquires;
coordinating geographically disparate organizations, systems and facilities;
the assumption of unknown liabilities for which the Company is not indemnified or for which its indemnity is inadequate;
mistaken assumptions about the acquired company’s suppliers or other vendors;
the diversion of management’s and employees’ attention from other business concerns;
unforeseen difficulties operating in new geographic areas and business lines;
customer or key employee losses at the acquired business; and
poor quality assets or installation.
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If the Company consummates future acquisitions, its capitalization, results of operations and future growth may change significantly and its shareholders may not have the opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial and other relevant information considered in deciding to engage in these future acquisitions.
Product liability and property damage claims against the Company or accidents could result in adverse publicity and potentially significant monetary damages.
It is possible that the Company’s solar energy systems could injure its customers or other third parties or its solar energy systems could cause property damage as a result of product malfunctions, defects, improper installation, fire or other causes. Any product liability claim that the Company faces could be expensive to defend and may divert management’s attention. The successful assertion
of product liability claims against the Company could result in potentially significant monetary damages, potential increases in insurance expenses, penalties or fines, subject it to adverse publicity, damage its reputation and competitive position and adversely affect sales of solar energy systems. In addition, product liability claims, injuries, defects or other problems experienced by other companies in the residential solar industry could lead to unfavorable market conditions to the industry as a whole and may have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to expand its portfolio of solar installation agreements, thus affecting its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in our business strategy or restructuring of our businesses may increase our costs or otherwise affect our businesses.
We continually review our operations with a view toward reducing our cost structure, including, but not limited to, reducing our labor cost-to-revenue ratio, improving process and system efficiencies and increasing our revenues and operating margins. Despite these efforts, we have needed and may continue to need to adjust our business strategies to meet these changes, or we may otherwise find it necessary to restructure our operations or particular businesses or assets. When these changes or events occur, we may incur costs to change our business strategy and may need to write down the value of assets or sell certain assets. Additionally, any of these events could result in disruptions or adversely impact our relationships with our workforce, suppliers and customers. In any of these events our costs may increase, and we may have significant charges or losses associated with the write-down or divestiture of assets and our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We may not fully realize the anticipated benefits from our restructuring efforts begun in 2024, which continue into 2025.
In regard to our realigned strategy and exploration of accretive and net profitable acquisitions, as well as strategic alternatives, we may not achieve the expected benefits of such activities. Our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings, increased revenue, increased margins and other benefits from our restructuring, or other efforts within expected time frames is subject to many estimates and assumptions, and may vary materially based on factors such as market conditions and the effect of our efforts on our workforce. These estimates and assumptions are subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to our operations, liquidity or future financial results from our current or future efforts. If our estimates and assumptions are incorrect or if other unforeseen events occur, we may not achieve the cost savings expected from such strategic alternative efforts, and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The Company will not be able to insure against all potential risks and it may become subject to higher insurance premiums.
The Company’s insurance policies do not cover all potential losses and coverage is not always available in the insurance market on commercially reasonable terms. Furthermore, the receipt of insurance proceeds may be delayed, requiring the Company to use cash or incur financing costs in the interim. To the extent the Company experiences covered losses under its insurance policies, the limit of its coverage for potential losses may be decreased or the insurance rates it has to pay increased. Furthermore, the losses insured through commercial insurance are subject to the credit risk of those insurance companies.
The Company may not be able to maintain or obtain insurance of the type and amount it desires at reasonable rates. The insurance coverage the Company does obtain may contain large deductibles or fail to cover certain risks or all potential losses. In addition, the Company’s insurance policies will be subject to annual review by its insurers and may not be renewed on similar or favorable terms, including coverage, deductibles or premiums, or at all. If a significant accident or event occurs for which the Company is not fully insured or it suffers losses due to one or more of its insurance carriers defaulting on their obligations or contesting their coverage obligations, it could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Damage to the Company’s brand and reputation or change or loss of use of its brand could harm its business and results of operations.
The Company depends significantly on its reputation for excellent customer service and brand name to attract new customers and grow its business. If the Company fails to continue to deliver within the planned timelines, if its offerings do not perform as anticipated or if it damages any of its customers’ properties or delays or cancels projects, its brand and reputation could be significantly impaired. Future technological improvements may allow the Company to offer lower prices or offer new technology to new customers; however, technical limitations in its current solar energy systems may prevent it from offering such lower prices or new technology to the Company’s existing customers. The inability of the Company’s current customers to benefit from technological improvements could cause its existing customers to lower the value they perceive the Company’s existing products offer and impair its brand and reputation.
In addition, given the sheer number of interactions the Company’s personnel has with customers and potential customers, it is inevitable that some customers’ and potential customers’ interactions with it will be perceived as less than satisfactory. If the Company cannot manage its hiring and training processes to avoid or minimize these issues to the extent possible, its reputation may be harmed and its ability to attract new customers would suffer.
The loss of one or more members of the Company’s senior management or key employees may adversely affect its ability to implement its strategy.
The Company depends on its experienced management team and the loss of one or more key executives could have a negative impact on its business. The Company may be unable to replace key members of its management team and key employees if it loses their services. Integrating new employees into the Company’s team could prove disruptive to the Company’s operations, require substantial resources and management attention and ultimately prove unsuccessful. An inability to attract and retain sufficient managerial personnel who have critical industry experience and relationships could limit or delay the Company’s strategic efforts, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company’s inability to protect its intellectual property could adversely affect its business. The Company may also be subject to intellectual property rights claims by third parties, which are extremely costly to defend, could require it to pay significant damages and could limit its ability to use certain technologies.
The Company’s success depends, at least in part, on its ability to protect its core technology and intellectual property. The Company relies on intellectual property laws, primarily a combination of copyright and trade secret laws in the U.S., as well as license agreements and other contractual provisions, to protect its proprietary technology and brand. The Company cannot be certain its agreements and other contractual provisions will not be breached, including a breach involving the use or disclosure of its trade secrets or know-how, or that adequate remedies will be available in the event of any breach. In addition, the Company’s trade secrets may otherwise become known or lose trade secret protection.
The Company cannot be certain its products and its business do not or will not violate the intellectual property rights of a third party. Third parties, including the Company’s competitors, may own patents or other intellectual property rights that cover aspects of the Company’s technology or business methods. These parties may claim the Company has misappropriated, misused, violated or infringed third-party intellectual property rights. Any claim that the Company has violated a third party’s intellectual property rights, whether with or without merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to settle or litigate and could divert its management’s attention and other resources, all of which could adversely affect its business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. If the Company does not successfully settle or defend an intellectual property claim, it could be liable for significant monetary damages and could be prohibited from continuing to use certain technology, business methods, content or brands. To avoid a prohibition, the Company could seek a license from third parties, which could require it to pay significant royalties, increasing its operating expenses. If a license is not available at all or not available on commercially reasonable terms, the Company may be required to develop or license a non-violating alternative, either of which could adversely affect its business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
The Company may be subject to interruptions or failures in its information technology systems.
The Company relies on information technology systems and infrastructure to support its business. Any of these systems may be susceptible to damage or interruption due to fire, floods, power loss, telecommunication failures, usage errors by employees, computer viruses, cyberattacks or other security breaches or similar events. A compromise of the Company’s information technology systems or those with which it interacts could harm its reputation and expose it to regulatory actions and claims from customers and other persons, any of which could adversely affect its business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. If the Company’s information systems are damaged, fail to work properly or otherwise become unavailable, it may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them and it may experience a loss of critical information, customer disruption and interruptions or delays in its ability to perform essential functions.
The Company’s information technology systems may be exposed to various cybersecurity risks and other disruptions that could impair its ability to operate, adversely affect its business, and damage its brand and reputation.
The Company relies extensively on its information technology systems and on third parties for services including its enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system, banking, payroll, shipping, and e-mail systems to conduct business. The Company also collects, stores and transmits sensitive data, including proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of its customers, suppliers and employees.
The Company’s information technology systems and communication systems are vulnerable to cybersecurity risks such as computer viruses, hacking, malware, denial of service attacks, cyber terrorism, circumvention of security systems, malfeasance, breaches due to employee error, natural disasters, telecommunications failure, at its facilities or at third-party locations.
Complying with the varying cybersecurity and data privacy regulatory requirements could cause the Company to incur substantial costs or require it to change its business practices in a manner adverse to its business. Any failure, or perceived failure, by the Company to comply with any regulatory requirements or international privacy or consumer protection-related laws and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against it by governmental entities or others, subject it to significant penalties and negative
publicity and adversely affect us. In addition, as noted above, the Company is subject to the possibility of security breaches, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws.
Any failure, breach or unauthorized access to the Company’s or third-party systems could result in the loss of confidential, sensitive or proprietary information, interruptions in its service or production or otherwise its ability to conduct business operations, and could result in potential reductions in revenue and profits, damage to its reputation or liability. Given that the Company receives, stores and uses personal information of its customers, including names, addresses, e-mail addresses, credit information, credit card and financial account information and other housing and energy use information, this risk is amplified. There can be no assurance that the Company’s protective measures will prevent or timely detect security breaches that could have a significant impact on its business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.
If a cyberattack or other security incident were to allow unauthorized access to or modification of the Company’s customers’ data or its own data, whether due to a failure with its systems or related systems operated by third parties, it could suffer damage to its brand and reputation. The costs the Company would incur to address and fix these incidents would increase its expenses. These types of security incidents could also lead to lawsuits, regulatory investigations and increased legal liability, including in some cases contractual costs related to customer notification and fraud monitoring. Further, as regulatory focus on privacy and data security issues continues to increase and worldwide laws and regulations concerning the protection of information become more complex, the potential risks and costs of compliance to the Company’s business will intensify.
A failure to hire and retain a sufficient number of key employees, such as installers and electricians, would constrain our growth and our ability to timely complete projects.
To support our growth, we need to hire, train, deploy, manage, and retain a substantial number of skilled employees, including but not limited to engineers, installers, and electricians. Competition for these roles is increasing. Shortages of skilled labor could significantly delay a project or otherwise increase our costs.
Our business is concentrated in certain markets, putting us at risk of region-specific disruptions.
The Company currently operates primarily in Hawaii and the New York (Long Island) region, and most of the Company’s revenue comes from these regions. Any disruptions to these specific states or regional areas may impact the Company’s operations and financial results.
Litigation brought by third parties claiming breach of contract, contractual defaults or other claims for may be costly and time consuming.
We may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and government proceedings, as well as contractual financial claims arising in the course of business, which may a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. These claims have in the past, and may in the future, arise from a wide variety of business practices and initiatives, including current or new product releases, third party products that we may be asked to install and which may prove defective or faulty, significant business transactions, securities offerings, convertible notes, warrants, loans, warranty or product claims, employment practices, real estate contracts and regulation, among other matters. Adverse outcomes in some or all of these claims may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. Litigation, threatened litigation and other material claims are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. A material adverse impact in our consolidated financial statements could occur for the period in which the effect of an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and reasonably estimable.
If we become involved in material litigation or a significant number of litigations, we may incur substantial expense defending these claims and the proceedings may divert the attention of management, even if we prevail. An adverse outcome could have a material adverse impact on our business, including causing us to seek protection under the bankruptcy laws, forcing us to reduce or discontinue our operations entirely, subject us to significant liabilities, allow our competitors to market competitive products without a license from us, prohibit us from marketing our products or require us to seek licenses from third parties that may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If a judgment is entered against us, and we are unable to satisfy the judgment, a plaintiff may attempt to levy on our assets. We may be forced to sell material assets to satisfy such judgment, which may, in turn, force us to reduce or discontinue our operations.
Risks Related to the Solar Industry
If sufficient additional demand for residential solar energy systems does not develop or takes longer to develop than the Company anticipates, its ability to originate solar installation agreements may decrease.
The distributed residential solar energy market is at a relatively early stage of development in comparison to fossil fuel-based electricity generation. If additional demand for distributed residential solar energy systems fails to develop sufficiently or takes longer to develop than the Company anticipates, it may negatively impact the Company’s business.
Many factors may affect the demand for solar energy systems, including, but not limited to, the following:
availability, substance and magnitude of solar support programs, including government targets;
subsidies, incentives, renewable portfolio standards and residential net metering rules;
the relative pricing of other conventional and non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, coal, oil and other fossil fuels, wind, utility-scale solar, nuclear, geothermal and biomass;
performance, reliability and availability of energy generated by solar energy systems compared to conventional and other non-solar renewable energy sources;
availability and performance of energy storage technology, the ability to implement this technology for use in conjunction with solar energy systems and the cost competitiveness this technology provides to customers as compared to costs for those customers that rely solely on the conventional electrical grid; and
general economic conditions, supply chain conditions and the level of interest rates.
The residential solar energy industry is constantly evolving, which makes it difficult to evaluate the Company’s prospects. The Company cannot be certain if historical growth rates reflect future opportunities or whether it will achieve the growth it anticipates. The failure of distributed residential solar energy to achieve, or its being significantly delayed in achieving, widespread adoption could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company’s business prospects are dependent in part on a continuing decline in the cost of solar energy system components and the Company’s business may be adversely affected to the extent the cost of these components stabilize or increase in the future, whether through international supply disruptions, conflicts, trade wars, new tariffs or otherwise.
The market for residential solar energy systems has benefitted from the declining cost of solar energy system components and to the extent these costs stabilize, decline at a slower rate or increase, the Company’s future growth rate may be negatively affected. The declining cost of solar energy system components and the raw materials necessary to manufacture them has been a key driver in the price of solar energy systems, the prices charged for electricity and customer adoption of solar energy. Solar energy system component and raw material prices may not continue to decline at the same rate as they have over the past several years or at all. In addition, growth in the solar industry and the resulting increase in demand for solar energy system components and the raw materials necessary to manufacture them may also put upward pressure on prices. An increase of solar energy system components and raw materials prices could slow the Company’s growth and cause its business and results of operations to suffer. Further, the cost of solar energy system components and raw materials has increased and could increase in the future due to tariff penalties, duties, the loss of or changes in economic governmental incentives or other factors.
The Company faces competition from centralized electric utilities, retail electric providers, independent power producers and renewable energy companies.
The solar energy and renewable energy industries are both highly competitive and continually evolving as participants strive to distinguish themselves within their markets and compete with large centralized electric utilities. The Company competes with these centralized electric utilities primarily based on price (cents per kWh). The Company may also compete based on other value-added benefits, such as reliability and carbon-friendly power. If the Company cannot offer compelling value to its customers based on these factors, its business may not grow.
Centralized electric utilities generally have substantially greater financial, technical, operational and other resources than the Company does. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote more resources to the promotion and sale of their products or services or respond more quickly to evolving industry standards and changes in market conditions than the Company can.
The Company also competes with retail electric providers and independent power producers that are not regulated like centralized electric utilities but that have access to the centralized utilities’ electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure pursuant to state, territorial and local pro-competition and consumer choice policies. These retail electric providers and independent power producers are able to offer customers electricity supply-only solutions that are competitive with the Company’s installation options on both price and usage of renewable energy technology while avoiding the physical installations that the Company’s business model requires. This
may limit the Company’s ability to acquire new customers, particularly those who have an objection to putting solar panels on their roofs.
The Company also competes with solar companies with business models similar to its own, that market to similar potential customers. Some of these competitors specialize in the distributed residential solar energy market. Some of the Company’s competitors offer or may offer similar offerings and products as the Company. Many of the Company’s competitors also have significant brand name recognition and have extensive knowledge of its target markets.
The Company also competes with solar companies that offer community solar products and utility companies that provide renewable power purchase programs. Some customers might choose to subscribe to a community solar project or renewable subscriber programs instead of installing a solar energy system on their home, which could affect the Company’s sales. Additionally, some utility companies (and some utility-like entities, such as community choice aggregators in California) have generation portfolios that are increasingly renewable in nature. In California, for example, due to recent legislation, utility companies and community choice aggregators in that state are required to have generation portfolios comprised of 60% renewable energy by 2030 and state regulators are planning for utility companies and community choice aggregators to sell 100% greenhouse gas free electricity to retail customers by 2045. As utility companies offer increasingly renewable portfolios to retail customers, those customers might be less inclined to install a solar energy system at their home, which could adversely affect the Company’s growth.
The Company competes with companies that sell solar energy systems and services in the commercial, industrial and government markets, in addition to the residential market, in the U.S. and foreign markets. There is intense competition in the residential solar energy sector in the markets in which the Company operates. As new entrants continue to enter into these markets, the Company may be unable to grow or maintain its operations and it may be unable to compete with companies that earn revenue in both the residential market and non-residential markets. Further, because the Company provides services primarily to residential customers, the Company has a less diverse market presence and is more exposed to potential adverse changes in the residential market than its competitors that sell solar energy systems and services in the commercial, industrial, government and utility markets.
As the solar industry grows and evolves, the Company will also face new competitors and technologies who are not currently in the market. The Company’s industry is characterized by low technological barriers to entry and well-capitalized companies, including utilities and integrated energy companies, could choose to enter the market and compete with us. The Company’s failure to adapt to changing market conditions and to compete successfully with existing or new competitors will limit its growth and will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Developments in technology or improvements in distributed solar energy generation and related technologies or components may have a material adverse effect on demand for the Company’s offerings.
Significant developments in technology, such as advances in distributed solar power generation, energy storage solutions such as batteries, energy storage management systems, the widespread use or adoption of fuel cells for residential or commercial properties or improvements in other forms of distributed or centralized power production may materially and adversely affect demand for the Company’s offerings and otherwise affect its business. Future technological advancements may result in reduced prices to consumers or more efficient solar energy systems than those available today, either of which may result in current customer dissatisfaction. The Company may not be able to adopt these new technologies as quickly as its competitors or on a cost-effective basis.
A material reduction in the retail price of electricity charged by electric utilities or other retail electricity providers could harm the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Decreases in the retail price of electricity from electric utilities or from other retail electric providers, including other renewable energy sources such as larger-scale solar energy systems, could make the Company’s offerings less economically attractive. The price of electricity from utilities could decrease for any one or more reasons, including but not limited to:
the construction of a significant number of new power generation plants, whether generated by natural gas, nuclear power, coal or renewable energy;
the construction of additional electric transmission and distribution lines;
 a reduction in the price of natural gas or other natural resources as a result of increased supply due to new drilling techniques or other technological developments;
 a relaxation of associated regulatory standards or broader economic or policy developments;
less demand for electricity due to energy conservation technologies and public initiatives to reduce electricity consumption or to recessionary economic conditions; and
development of competing energy technologies that provide less expensive energy.
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A reduction in electric utilities’ rates or changes to peak hour pricing policies or rate design (such as the adoption of a fixed or flat rate or adding fees to homeowners that have residential solar systems) could also make the Company’s offerings less competitive with the
price of electricity from the electrical grid. If the cost of energy available from electric utilities or other providers were to decrease relative to solar energy generated from residential solar energy systems or if similar events affecting the economics of the Company’s offerings were to occur, it may have difficulty attracting new customers or existing customers may default or seek to terminate, cancel or otherwise avoid the obligations under their solar installation agreements. For example, large utilities in California have started transitioning customers to time-of-use rates and also have adopted a shift in the peak period for time-of-use rates to later in the day. Unless grandfathered under a different rate, residential customers with solar energy systems may be required to take service under time-of-use rates with the later peak period. Moving utility customers to time-of-use rates or the shift in the timing of peak rates for utility-generated electricity to include times of day when solar energy generation is less efficient or non-operable could also make the Company’s offerings less competitive. Time-of-use rates could also result in higher costs for the owners of solar energy systems whose electricity requirements are not fully met during peak periods.
Terrorist or cyberattacks against centralized utilities could adversely affect the Company’s business.
Assets owned by utilities such as substations and related infrastructure have been physically attacked in the past and will likely be attacked in the future. These facilities are often protected by limited security measures, such as perimeter fencing. Any such attacks may result in interruption to electricity flowing on the grid. Furthermore, cyberattacks, whether by individuals or nation states, against utility companies could severely disrupt their business operations and result in loss of service to customers, which would adversely affect the Company’s operations. For example, the May 2021 ransomware attack on the owners of the Colonial Pipeline system forced a shutdown of its operations for multiple days, requiring significant capital outlays and concerns by customers and regulators of the reliability of the electricity provision. In the event the Company was plagued by similar cyberattacks, customers could choose other sources for electricity, which would adversely affect the Company’s operations. Increased cyberattacks generally may also materially increase the Company’s defense costs, which would adversely affect its profitability.
Climate change may have long-term impacts on the Company’s business, industry, and the global economy.
Climate change poses a systematic threat to the global economy. While the Company’s core business model seeks to mitigate climate change by accelerating the transition to renewable energy, there are also inherent climate-related risks to the Company’s business operations. For example, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and severity of weather events; climate change may make it more challenging to predict weather outcomes, impacting operational schedules; and climate change could lead to extreme events which disrupt relevant energy infrastructure assets such as transmission grids. These types of risks could harm the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Regulations
Increases in the cost of the Company’s solar energy systems due to tariffs imposed by the U.S. and foreign government could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
China is a major producer of solar cells and other solar products. Certain solar cells, modules, laminates and panels from China are subject to various U.S. antidumping and countervailing duty rates, depending on the exporter supplying the product, imposed by the U.S. government as a result of determinations that the U.S. was materially injured as a result of such imports being sold at less than fair value and subsidized by the Chinese government. For example, then President Biden’s administration increased Section 301 tariffs on imports of wafers, polysilicon and certain tungsten products from China. Solar wafers and polysilicon imports, critical components for solar energy development, now face a 50% tariff rate. Tungsten products, such as bars and sheets, will be subject to a 25% tariff rate. The tariff increases took effect on January 1, 2025. If alternative sources are not available on competitive terms in the future, the Company may seek to purchase these products from manufacturers in China. In addition, tariffs on solar cells, modules and inverters in China may put upward pressure on prices of these products in other jurisdictions from which the Company currently purchases equipment, which could reduce its ability to offer competitive pricing to potential customers.
The Company cannot predict what, if any, additional actions the U.S. may adopt with respect to tariffs or other trade regulations or what actions may be taken by other countries in retaliation for such measures. If additional measures are imposed or other negotiated outcomes occur, the Company’s ability to purchase these products on competitive terms or to access specialized technologies from other countries could be further limited, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company is not currently regulated as an electric public utility under applicable law, but may be subject to regulation as an electric utility in the future.
The Company currently is not regulated as an electric public utility in the U.S. under applicable national, state or other local regulatory regimes where it conducts business, and is not currently subject to the various federal, state and local standards, restrictions and regulatory requirements applicable to centralized public utilities. Any federal, state or local law or regulations that cause the Company to be treated as an electric utility or to otherwise be subject to a similar regulatory regime of commission-approved operating tariffs, rate limitations and related mandatory provisions, could place significant restrictions on its ability to operate its business and execute its business plan by prohibiting, restricting or otherwise regulating its sale of electricity. If the Company were subject to the same state
or federal regulatory authorities as centralized electric utilities in the U.S. and its territories or if new regulatory bodies were established to oversee its business in the U.S. and its territories or in foreign markets it enters, its operating costs would materially increase or it might have to change its business in ways that could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Electric utility policies and regulations, including those affecting electric rates, may present regulatory and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar energy systems that may significantly reduce demand for the Company’s solar energy systems and adversely impact its ability to originate new solar installation agreements.
Federal, state and local government regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry, utility rates and rate structures and internal policies and regulations promulgated by electric utilities, heavily influence the market for electricity generation products and services. These regulations and policies often relate to electricity pricing. Policies and regulations that promote renewable energy and distributed energy generation have been challenged by centralized electric utilities and questioned by those in government and others arguing for less governmental spending and involvement in the energy market. To the extent these views are reflected in government policies and regulations, the changes in such policies and regulations could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, any effort to overturn federal and state laws, regulations or policies that support solar energy generation or that remove costs or other limitations on other types of energy generation that compete with solar energy projects could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business.
The Company relies on net metering and related policies to sell solar systems to its customers in most of its current markets, and changes to policies governing net metering may significantly reduce demand for electricity from residential solar energy systems and thus for the Company’s installation services.
Net metering is one of several key policies that have enabled the growth of distributed generation solar energy systems in the U.S., providing significant value to customers for electricity generated by their residential solar energy systems, but not directly consumed on-site. Net metering allows a homeowner to pay his or her local electric utility for power usage net of production from the solar energy system or other distributed generation source. Homeowners receive a credit for the energy an interconnected solar energy system generates in excess of that needed by the home to offset energy purchases from the centralized utility made at times when the solar energy system is not generating sufficient energy to meet the customer’s demand. In many markets, this credit is equal to the residential retail rate for electricity and in other markets, such as Hawaii, where the rate is less than the retail rate and may be set, for example, as a percentage of the retail rate or based upon a valuation of the excess electricity. In some states and utility territories, customers are also reimbursed by the centralized electric utility for net excess generation on a periodic basis.
Net metering programs have been subject to legislative and regulatory scrutiny in certain states and territories. These jurisdictions, by statute, regulation, administrative order or a combination thereof, have recently adopted or are considering new restrictions and additional changes to net metering programs either on a state-wide basis or within specific utility territories. Many of these measures were introduced and supported by centralized electric utilities. These measures vary by jurisdiction and may include a reduction in the rates or value of the credits customers are paid or receive for the power they deliver back to the electrical grid, caps or limits on the aggregate installed capacity of generation in a state or utility territory eligible for net metering, expiration dates for and phasing out of net metering programs, replacement of net metering programs with alternative programs that may provide less compensation and limits on the capacity size of individual distributed generation systems that can qualify for net metering. Net metering and related policies concerning distributed generation also received attention from federal legislators and regulators.
If net metering caps in certain jurisdictions are met, if the value of the credit that customers receive for net metering is significantly reduced, if net metering is discontinued or replaced by a different regime that values solar energy at a lower rate or if other limits or restrictions on net metering are imposed, the Company’s current and future customers may be unable to recognize the same level of cost savings associated with net metering. The absence of favorable net metering policies or of net metering entirely, or the imposition of new charges that only or disproportionately impact customers that use net metering would likely significantly limit customer demand for distributed residential solar energy systems and thus for the Company’s installation services.
A customer’s decision to procure installation services from the Company depends in part on the availability of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives. The expiration, elimination or reduction of these rebates, credits or incentives or its ability to monetize them could adversely impact its business.
The Company’s business depends in part on current government policies that promote and support solar energy and enhance the economic viability of distributed residential solar. U.S. federal, state and local governments established various incentives and financial mechanisms to reduce the cost of solar energy and to accelerate the adoption of solar energy. These incentives come in various forms, including rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives such as payments for renewable energy credits associated with renewable energy generation, exclusion of solar energy systems from property tax assessments or other taxes and system performance payments. However, these programs may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is exhausted or be reduced or terminated as solar energy adoption rates increase.
A loss or reduction in such incentives could decrease the attractiveness of new solar energy systems to customers, which could adversely impact the Company’s business.
Applicable authorities may adjust or decrease incentives from time to time or include provisions for minimum domestic content requirements or other requirements to qualify for these incentives. Reductions in, eliminations or expirations of or additional application requirements for governmental incentives could adversely impact results of operations and ability to compete in the Company’s industry by increasing the cost of solar energy systems.
Technical and regulatory limitations regarding the interconnection of solar energy systems to the electrical grid may significantly delay interconnections and customer in-service dates, harming the Company’s growth rate and customer satisfaction.
Technical and regulatory limitations regarding the interconnection of solar energy systems to the electrical grid may curb or slow the Company’s growth in key markets. Utilities throughout the country follow different rules and regulations regarding interconnection and regulators or utilities have or could cap or limit the amount of solar energy that can be interconnected to the grid. The Company’s solar energy systems generally do not provide power to homeowners until they are interconnected to the grid.
With regard to interconnection limits, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, (“FERC”), in promulgating the first form of small generator interconnection procedures, recommended limiting customer-sited intermittent generation resources, such as the Company’s solar energy systems, to a certain percentage of peak load on a given electrical feeder circuit. Similar limits have been adopted by many states as a de facto standard and could constrain the Company’s ability to market to customers in certain geographic areas where the concentration of solar installations exceeds this limit.
Furthermore, in certain areas, the Company benefits from policies that allow for expedited or simplified procedures related to connecting solar energy systems to the electrical grid. The Company also is required to obtain interconnection permission for each solar energy system from the local utility. In many states and territories, by statute, regulations or administrative order, there are standardized procedures for interconnecting distributed residential solar energy systems to the electric utility’s local distribution system. However, approval from the local utility could be delayed as a result of a backlog of requests for interconnection or the local utility could seek to limit the number of customer interconnections or the amount of solar energy on the grid. In some states, certain utilities such as municipal utilities or electric cooperatives are exempt from certain interconnection requirements. If expedited or simplified interconnection procedures are changed or cease to be available, if interconnection approvals from the local utility are delayed or if the local utility seeks to limit interconnections, this could decrease the attractiveness of new solar energy systems to distributed residential solar power companies, including the Company, and the attractiveness of solar energy systems to customers. Delays in interconnections could also harm the Company’s growth rate and customer satisfaction scores.
As adoption of solar distributed generation rises, along with the increased operation of utility-scale solar generation (such as in key markets including California), the amount of solar energy being contributed to the electrical grid may surpass the capacity anticipated to be needed to meet aggregate demand. Some centralized public utilities claim in less than five years, solar generation resources may reach a level capable of producing an over-generation situation, which may require some existing solar generation resources to be curtailed to maintain operation of the electrical grid. In the event such an over-generation situation were to occur, it could also result in a prohibition on the addition of new solar generation resources. The adverse effects of such a curtailment or prohibition without compensation could adversely impact the Company’s business, results of operations, and future growth.
Compliance with occupational safety and health requirements and best practices can be costly, and noncompliance with such requirements may result in potentially significant monetary penalties, operational delays and adverse publicity.
The installation of solar energy systems requires individuals hired by the Company or third-party contractors, potentially including the Company’s employees, to work at heights with complicated and potentially dangerous electrical systems. The evaluation and modification of buildings as part of the installation process requires these individuals to work in locations that may contain potentially dangerous levels of asbestos, lead, mold or other materials known or believed to be hazardous to human health. There is substantial risk of serious injury or death if proper safety procedures are not followed. The Company’s operations are subject to regulation under OSHA, DOT regulations and equivalent state and local laws. Changes to OSHA or DOT requirements, or stricter interpretation or enforcement of existing laws or regulations, could result in increased costs. If the Company fails to comply with applicable OSHA or DOT regulations, even if no work-related serious injury or death occurs, it may be subject to civil or criminal enforcement and be required to pay substantial penalties, incur significant capital expenditures or suspend or limit operations. Individuals hired by or on behalf of the Company may have workplace accidents and receive citations from OSHA regulators for alleged safety violations, resulting in fines. Any such accidents, citations, violations, injuries or failure to comply with industry best practices may subject the Company to adverse publicity, damage its reputation and competitive position and adversely affect its business.
Our business is subject to consumer protection laws. Such laws and regulatory enforcement policies and priorities are subject to change, which may negatively impact our business.
We must comply with various international, federal, state, and local regulatory regimes, including those applicable to consumer credit transactions, leases, and marketing activities. These laws and regulations are subject to change and modification by statute, administrative rules and orders, and judicial interpretation. As a result of infrequent or sparse interpretations, ambiguities in these laws and regulations may create uncertainty with respect to what type of conduct is permitted or restricted under such laws and regulations. Regulators, such as the Federal Trade Commission and the Consumer Financial Protection Board, as well as state attorney generals and agencies, also can initiate inquiries into market participants, which can lead to investigations and, ultimately, enforcement actions. As a result, we are subject to a constantly evolving consumer protection and consumer finance regulatory environment that is difficult to predict and may affect our business.
The laws to which we may be subject to include federal and state laws that prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive business acts or practices (such as the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Dodd-Frank Act), regulate lease and loan disclosures and terms and conditions (such as the Truth-in-Lending Act and the Consumer Leasing Act), and provide additional protections for certain customers in the military (such as the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act). Our business is or may also be subject to federal and state laws that regulate consumer credit report information, data privacy, debt collection, electronic fund transfers, service contracts, home improvement contracting and marketing activities (such as telemarketing, door-to-door sales, and e-mails).
While we have developed policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance is given that our compliance policies and procedures will be effective. Failure to comply with these laws and with regulatory requirements applicable to our business could subject us to damages, revocation of licenses, class action lawsuits, administrative enforcement actions, civil and criminal liability, settlements, limits on offering certain products and services, changes in business practices, increased compliance costs, indemnification obligations to our capital providers, loan repurchase obligations and reputational damage that may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Bitcoin Strategy
WE ARE NOT REGISTERED AS AN INVESTMENT COMPANY UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 AND STOCKHOLDERS DO NOT HAVE THE PROTECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OWNERSHIP OF SHARES IN A REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANY NOR THE PROTECTIONS AFFORDED BY THE COMMODITIES EXCHANGE ACT.
Our bitcoin acquisition strategy may expose us to various risks associated with bitcoin.
Our bitcoin acquisition strategy may expose us to various risks associated with bitcoin, including the following:
Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset. Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset that has traded below $38,000 per bitcoin and above $108,000 per bitcoin on Coinbase in the 12 months preceding the date of this annual report. The trading price of bitcoin was significantly lower during prior periods, and such decline may occur again in the future.
Bitcoin does not pay interest or dividends. Bitcoin does not pay interest or other returns and we can only generate cash from our bitcoin holdings if we sell our bitcoin or implement strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate cash by using our bitcoin holdings. Even if we pursue any such strategies, we may be unable to create income streams or otherwise generate cash from our bitcoin holdings, and any such strategies may subject us to additional risks.
Our bitcoin acquisition strategy has not been tested. This bitcoin acquisition strategy has not been tested. Although we believe bitcoin, due to its limited supply, has the potential to serve as a hedge against inflation in the long term, the short-term price of bitcoin declined in recent periods during which the inflation rate increased. Some investors and other market participants may disagree with our bitcoin acquisition strategy or actions we undertake to implement it. If bitcoin prices were to decrease or our bitcoin acquisition strategy otherwise proves unsuccessful, our financial condition, results of operations, and the market price of our Common Stock would be materially adversely impacted.
Additionally, we may seek to offer bitcoin or accept bitcoin as a form of payment to or from our vendors, service providers, customers and more as part of our strategy and goal to expand our clean solar power energy offerings and products. If this strategy fails to prove successful, we may not see the intended benefits sought by this strategy, or the payment using bitcoin may prove to be less valuable than anticipated, and if the value of bitcoin were to materially fall below where we purchased it, then we could lose all or part of our value in a transaction or our treasury account established for this purpose, the result of which could have a material negative impact on, among other items, our cashflows, operations, business prospects, financial performance, ability to continue operations and our stock price.
We will be subject to counterparty risks, including in particular risks relating to our custodians. Although we intend to implement various measures that are designed to mitigate our counterparty risks, including by possibly storing substantially all of the bitcoin we may own in custody accounts at U.S.-based, institutional-grade custodians and negotiating contractual arrangements intended to establish that our property interest in custodially-held bitcoin is not subject to claims of our custodians’ creditors, applicable insolvency law is not fully developed with respect to the holding of digital assets in custodial accounts. If our custodially-held bitcoin were nevertheless considered to be the property of our custodians’ estates in the event that any such custodians were to enter bankruptcy, receivership or similar insolvency proceedings, we could be treated as a general unsecured creditor of such custodians, inhibiting our ability to exercise ownership rights with respect to such bitcoin and this may ultimately result in the loss of the value related to some or all of such bitcoin. Even if we are able to prevent our bitcoin from being considered the property of a custodian’s bankruptcy estate as part of an insolvency proceeding, it is possible that we would still be delayed or may otherwise experience difficulty in accessing our bitcoin held by the affected custodian during the pendency of the insolvency proceedings. Any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the market price of our Common Stock.
The broader digital assets industry is subject to counterparty risks, which could adversely impact the adoption rate, price, and use of bitcoin. A series of high-profile bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions and other events relating to companies operating in the digital asset industry, including the filings for bankruptcy protection by Three Arrows Capital, Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, FTX Trading and Genesis Global Capital, the closure or liquidation of certain financial institutions that provided lending and other services to the digital assets industry, including Signature Bank and Silvergate Bank, SEC enforcement actions against Coinbase, Inc. and Binance Holdings Ltd., the placement of Prime Trust, LLC into receivership following a cease-and-desist order issued by Nevada’s Department of Business and Industry, and the filing and subsequent settlement of a civil fraud lawsuit by the New York Attorney General against Genesis Global Capital, its parent company Digital Currency Group, Inc., and former partner Gemini Trust Company, have highlighted the counterparty risks applicable to owning and transacting in digital assets. Any similar bankruptcies, closures, liquidations and other events may not result in any loss or misappropriation of our intended bitcoin holdings, or adversely impact our access to our bitcoin holdings. Or, any such bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions or other events involving participants in the digital assets industry may negatively and materially impact the adoption rate, price, and use of bitcoin, limit the availability to us of financing collateralized by bitcoin, or create or expose additional counterparty risks.
Changes in the accounting treatment of our bitcoin holdings, if any, could have significant accounting impacts, including increasing the volatility of our results. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, will require us to measure in-scope crypto assets (including our bitcoin holdings) at fair value in our statement of financial position, and to recognize gains and losses from changes in the fair value of our bitcoin in net income each reporting period. ASU 2023-08 will also require us to provide certain interim and annual disclosures with respect to our bitcoin holdings., with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the annual reporting period in which we adopt the guidance. Due in particular to the volatility in the price of bitcoin, we expect the adoption of ASU 2023-08 to have a material impact on our financial results in future periods, increase the volatility of our financial results, and affect the carrying value of our bitcoin on our balance sheet, and it could also have adverse tax consequences, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and the market price of our Common Stock. Additionally, as a result of ASU 2023-08 requiring a cumulative-effect adjustment to our opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the annual period in which we adopt the guidance and not permitting retrospective restatement of our historical financial statements, our future results will not be comparable to results from periods prior to our adoption of the guidance.
The broader digital assets industry, including the technology associated with digital assets, the rate of adoption and development of, and use cases for, digital assets, market perception of digital assets, and the legal, regulatory, and accounting treatment of digital assets are constantly developing and changing, and there may be additional risks in the future that are not possible to predict.
Changes in our ownership of bitcoin could have accounting, regulatory and other impacts. While we currently intend to own bitcoin directly, we may investigate other potential approaches to owning bitcoin, including indirect ownership (for example, through ownership interests in a fund that owns bitcoin). If we were to own all or a portion of our bitcoin in a different manner, the accounting treatment for our bitcoin, our ability to use our bitcoin as collateral for additional borrowings, and the regulatory requirements to which we are subject, may correspondingly change. For example, the volatile nature of bitcoin may force us to liquidate our holdings to use it as collateral, which could be negatively materially effected by any disruptions in the crypto market, and if liquidated, the value of the collateral would not reflect potential gains in market value of bitcoin, all of which could negatively affect our business and implementation of our bitcoin strategy.
We may use the net proceeds from our offerings to purchase bitcoin, the price of which has been, and will likely continue to be, highly volatile.
We may use a portion of the net proceeds from one or more of our offerings to purchase bitcoin toward BTC purchases. Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset that has traded below $38,000 per bitcoin and above $108,000 per bitcoin on Coinbase in the 12 months preceding the date of this annual report. In addition, bitcoin does not pay interest or other returns, so the ability to generate a return on investment in bitcoin will depend on whether there is appreciation in the value of bitcoin following our purchases of bitcoin. Future
fluctuations in bitcoin trading prices may result in our converting bitcoin purchased by us into cash with a value substantially below the then purchase price by us.
Bitcoin and other digital assets are novel assets, and are subject to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty.
Bitcoin and other digital assets are relatively novel and are subject to significant uncertainty, which could adversely impact their price. The application of state and federal securities laws and other laws and regulations to digital assets is unclear in certain respects, and it is possible that regulators in the United States or foreign countries may interpret or apply existing laws and regulations in a manner that adversely affects the price of bitcoin.
The U.S. federal government, states, regulatory agencies, and foreign countries may also enact new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions, that could materially impact the price of bitcoin or the ability of individuals or institutions such as us to own or transfer bitcoin. For example, the U.S. executive branch, the SEC, the European Union’s Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation, among others have been active in recent years, and in the U.K., the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023, or FSMA 2023 became law. It is not possible to predict whether, or when, any of these developments will lead to Congress granting additional authorities to the SEC or other regulators, or whether, or when, any other federal, state or foreign legislative bodies will take any similar actions. It is also not possible to predict the nature of any such additional authorities, how additional legislation or regulatory oversight might impact the ability of digital asset markets to function or the willingness of financial and other institutions to continue to provide services to the digital assets industry, nor how any new regulations or changes to existing regulations might impact the value of digital assets generally and bitcoin specifically. The consequences of increased regulation of digital assets and digital asset activities could adversely affect the market price of bitcoin and in turn adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.
Moreover, the risks of engaging in a bitcoin treasury strategy are relatively novel and have created, and could continue to create, complications due to the lack of experience that third parties have with companies engaging in such a strategy, such as increased costs of director and officer liability insurance or the potential inability to obtain such coverage on acceptable terms in the future.
The growth of the digital assets industry in general, and the use and acceptance of bitcoin in particular, may also impact the price of bitcoin and is subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The pace of worldwide growth in the adoption and use of bitcoin may depend, for instance, on public familiarity with digital assets, ease of buying, accessing or gaining exposure to bitcoin, institutional demand for bitcoin as an investment asset, the participation of traditional financial institutions in the digital assets industry, consumer demand for bitcoin as a means of payment, and the availability and popularity of alternatives to bitcoin. Even if growth in bitcoin adoption occurs in the near or medium-term, there is no assurance that bitcoin usage will continue to grow over the long-term.
Because bitcoin has no physical existence beyond the record of transactions on the bitcoin blockchain, a variety of technical factors related to the bitcoin blockchain could also impact the price of bitcoin. For example, malicious attacks by miners, inadequate mining fees to incentivize validating of bitcoin transactions, hard “forks” of the bitcoin blockchain into multiple blockchains, and advances in digital computing, algebraic geometry, and quantum computing could undercut the integrity of the bitcoin blockchain and negatively affect the price of bitcoin. The liquidity of bitcoin may also be reduced and damage to the public perception of bitcoin may occur, if financial institutions were to deny or limit banking services to businesses that hold bitcoin, provide bitcoin-related services or accept bitcoin as payment, which could also decrease the price of bitcoin. Similarly, the open-source nature of the bitcoin blockchain means the contributors and developers of the bitcoin blockchain are generally not directly compensated for their contributions in maintaining and developing the blockchain, and any failure to properly monitor and upgrade the bitcoin blockchain could adversely affect the bitcoin blockchain and negatively affect the price of bitcoin.
Recent actions by U.S. banking regulators have reduced the ability of bitcoin-related services providers to gain access to banking services and liquidity of bitcoin may also be impacted to the extent that changes in applicable laws and regulatory requirements negatively impact the ability of exchanges and trading venues to provide services for bitcoin and other digital assets.
Regulatory change reclassifying bitcoin as a security could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act, and could adversely affect the market price of bitcoin and the market price of our Common Stock.
Under Sections 3(a)(1)(A) and (C) of the 1940 Act, a company generally will be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the 1940 Act if (1) it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities or (2) it engages, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We do not believe that we are an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, and are not registered as an “investment company” under the 1940 Act as of the date of this annual report.
While senior SEC officials have stated their view that bitcoin is not a “security” for purposes of the federal securities laws, a contrary determination by the SEC could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the 1940 Act, if the portion of our assets consists of investments in bitcoins exceeds 40% safe harbor limits prescribed in the 1940 Act, which would subject us to significant additional regulatory controls that could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations and may also require us to change the manner in which we conduct our business.
We monitor our assets and income for compliance under the 1940 Act and seek to conduct our business activities in a manner such that we do not fall within its definitions of “investment company” or that we qualify under one of the exemptions or exclusions provided by the 1940 Act and corresponding SEC regulations. If bitcoin is determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, we would take steps to reduce the percentage of bitcoins that constitute investment assets under the 1940 Act. These steps may include, among others, selling bitcoins that we might otherwise hold for the long term and deploying our cash in non-investment assets, and we may be forced to sell our bitcoins at unattractive prices. We may also seek to acquire additional non-investment assets to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, and we may need to incur debt, issue additional equity or enter into other financing arrangements that are not otherwise attractive to our business. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, we can make no assurance that we would successfully be able to take the necessary steps to avoid being deemed to be an investment company in accordance with the safe harbor. If we were unsuccessful, and if bitcoin is determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, then we would have to register as an investment company, and the additional regulatory restrictions imposed by 1940 Act could adversely affect the market price of bitcoin and in turn adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.
We may be subject to regulatory developments related to crypto assets and crypto asset markets, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As bitcoin and other digital assets are relatively novel and the application of state and federal securities laws and other laws and regulations to digital assets is unclear in certain respects, and it is possible that regulators in the United States or foreign countries may interpret or apply existing laws and regulations in a manner that adversely affects the price of bitcoin. The U.S. federal government, states, regulatory agencies, and foreign countries may also enact new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions, that could materially impact the price of bitcoin or the ability of individuals or institutions such as us to own or transfer bitcoin. For examples, see “- Bitcoin and other digital assets are novel assets, and are subject to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty” above.
If bitcoin is determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, the additional regulatory restrictions imposed by such a determination could adversely affect the market price of bitcoin and in turn adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock. See “- Regulatory change reclassifying bitcoin as a security could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act, and could adversely affect the market price of bitcoin and the market price of our Common Stock” above. Moreover, the risks of us engaging in a bitcoin treasury strategy have created, and could continue to create, complications due to the lack of experience that third parties have with companies engaging in such a strategy, such as increased costs of director and officer liability insurance or the potential inability to obtain such coverage on acceptable terms in the future.
Our intended bitcoin holdings may be less liquid than our existing cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to the same extent as cash and cash equivalents.
Historically, the bitcoin markets have been characterized by significant volatility in price, limited liquidity and trading volumes compared to sovereign currencies markets, relative anonymity, a developing regulatory landscape, potential susceptibility to market abuse and manipulation, compliance and internal control failures at exchanges, and various other risks inherent in its entirely electronic, virtual form and decentralized network. During times of market instability, we may not be able to sell our bitcoin at favorable prices or at all. For example, a number of bitcoin trading venues temporarily halted deposits and withdrawals in 2022. As a result, our bitcoin holdings may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to the same extent as cash and cash equivalents. Further, bitcoin we may hold with our custodians and transact with our trade execution partners may not enjoy the same protections as are available to cash or securities deposited with or transacted by institutions subject to regulation by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Additionally, we may be unable to enter into term loans or other capital raising transactions collateralized by our unencumbered bitcoin or otherwise generate funds using our bitcoin holdings, including in particular during times of market instability or when the price of bitcoin has declined significantly. If we are unable to sell our bitcoin, enter into additional capital raising transactions using bitcoin as collateral, or otherwise generate funds using our bitcoin holdings, or if we are forced to sell our bitcoin at a significant loss, in order to meet our working capital requirements, our business and financial condition could be negatively impacted.
Due to the unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the operations of many bitcoin trading venues, bitcoin trading venues may experience greater fraud, security failures or regulatory or operational problems than trading venues for more established asset classes, which may result in a loss of confidence in bitcoin trading venues and adversely affect the value of our bitcoin.
Bitcoin trading venues are relatively new and, in many cases, unregulated. Furthermore, there are many bitcoin trading venues which do not provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management teams, corporate practices and regulatory compliance. As a result, the marketplace may lose confidence in bitcoin trading venues, including prominent exchanges that handle a significant volume of bitcoin trading and/or are subject to regulatory oversight, in the event one or more bitcoin trading venues cease or pause for a prolonged period the trading of bitcoin or other digital assets, or experience fraud, significant volumes of withdrawal, security failures or operational problems.
In 2019 there were reports claiming that 80-95% of bitcoin trading volume on trading venues was false or non-economic in nature, with specific focus on unregulated exchanges located outside of the United States. The SEC also alleged as part of its June 5, 2023, complaint that Binance Holdings Ltd. committed strategic and targeted “wash trading” through its affiliates to artificially inflate the volume of certain digital assets traded on its exchange. The SEC has also brought recent actions against individuals and digital asset market participants alleging such persons artificially increased trading volumes in certain digital assets through wash trades, or repeated buying and selling of the same assets in fictitious transactions to manipulate their underlying trading price. Such reports and allegations may indicate that the bitcoin market is significantly smaller than expected and that the United States makes up a significantly larger percentage of the bitcoin market than is commonly understood. Any actual or perceived false trading in the bitcoin market, and any other fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, could adversely affect the value of our bitcoin. Negative perception, a lack of stability in the broader bitcoin markets and the closure, temporary shutdown or operational disruption of bitcoin trading venues, lending institutions, institutional investors, institutional miners, custodians, or other major participants in the bitcoin ecosystem, due to fraud, business failure, cybersecurity events, government-mandated regulation, bankruptcy, or for any other reason, may result in a decline in confidence in bitcoin and the broader bitcoin ecosystem and greater volatility in the price of bitcoin. For example, in 2022, each of Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, Three Arrows Capital, FTX, and BlockFi filed for bankruptcy, following which the market prices of bitcoin and other digital assets significantly declined. In addition, in June 2023, the SEC announced enforcement actions against Coinbase, Inc., and Binance Holdings Ltd., two providers of large trading venues for digital assets, which similarly was followed by a decrease in the market price of bitcoin and other digital assets. These were followed in November 2023, by an SEC enforcement action against Payward Inc. and Payward Ventures Inc., together known as Kraken, another large trading venue for digital assets. The price of our Common Stock may be affected by the value of our bitcoin holdings, the failure of a major participant in the bitcoin ecosystem could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.
If we or our third-party service providers experience a security breach or cyberattack and unauthorized parties obtain access to our bitcoin, or if our private keys are lost or destroyed, or other similar circumstances or events occur, we may lose some or all of our bitcoin and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Currently, we intend to hold any bitcoin we may own, in custody accounts at U.S.-based institutional-grade digital asset custodians. Security breaches and cyberattacks are of particular concern with respect to our bitcoin. Bitcoin and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies and the entities that provide services to participants in the bitcoin ecosystem have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, cyberattacks, or other malicious activities. For example, in October 2021 it was reported that hackers exploited a flaw in the account recovery process and stole from the accounts of at least 6,000 customers of the Coinbase exchange, although the flaw was subsequently fixed and Coinbase reimbursed affected customers. Similarly, in November 2022, hackers exploited weaknesses in the security architecture of the FTX Trading digital asset exchange and reportedly stole over $400 million in digital assets from customers. A successful security breach or cyberattack could result in:
●
a partial or total loss of our bitcoin in a manner that may not be covered by insurance or the liability provisions of the custody agreements with the custodians who hold our bitcoin;
●
harm to our reputation and brand;
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improper disclosure of data and violations of applicable data privacy and other laws; or
●
significant regulatory scrutiny, investigations, fines, penalties, and other legal, regulatory, contractual and financial exposure.
Further, any actual or perceived data security breach or cybersecurity attack directed at other companies with digital assets or companies that operate digital asset networks, regardless of whether we are directly impacted, could lead to a general loss of confidence in the broader bitcoin blockchain ecosystem or in the use of the bitcoin network to conduct financial transactions, which could negatively impact us.
Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries, including industries related to bitcoin, are increasing in frequency, persistence, and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, we expect that unauthorized parties
will attempt to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time, or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. Further, there has been an increase in such activities due to the increase in work-from-home arrangements. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the bitcoin industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The following is a summary of the Company’s leased property:
The Company leases 10,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in Aiea, Hawaii.
SUNation leases 20,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in Ronkonkoma, New York and 3,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in Tampa, FL.
The Company believes these facilities will be adequate to accommodate its needs for the foreseeable future.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in various claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including some which we believe are immaterial or which we believe to be frivolous, including actions with respect to contractual matters. In connection with these matters, we assess, on a regular basis, the probability and range of possible loss based on the developments in these matters. In February 2025, an action by a landlord to recover approximately $34,000 plus attorneys’ fees and punitive damages based upon an alleged breach of the lease between Remington Industrial Management LLC and Sunation Solar Systems, Inc. The landlord asserts that Sunation Solar Systems, Inc. has the obligation to insure the entire building rather than keep in full force and effect “fire and hazard insurance for the full replacement value of all improvements located on the demised premise” as specifically provided in the lease rider. Sunation Solar Systems denies that it has an obligation to insure the entire building under the express terms of the lease which is not a “triple net lease.” The landlord has asserted three causes of action for breach of contract, declaratory judgment that the lease requires Sunation to insure the building itself, and a third vague “fraud” theory. The claims against SUNation Energy, Inc. based upon vague allegations of fraud are likely unsustainable. The claims are baseless and frivolous and defendants intend to vigorously defend them.
From time to time, we also face threatened legal actions or claims in the ordinary course of our business. One such matter involves a residential customer who has informally alleged that Sunation Solar Systems is responsible for the cost to replace certain equipment by a third-party manufacturer that was found to be admittedly defective (by the manufacturer), the cost of which may be substantial. At the moment, SUNation Energy, Inc. has not been included in the claim or allegations; however, to the extent that litigation is commenced, the Company intends to vigorously defend against these as yet unasserted claims.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
The Company’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol SUNE.
Holders
At March 31, 2025, there were approximately 84 registered holders of record of SUNation Energy, Inc. common stock.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table presents information about the Company’s equity compensation plans, under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance, as of December 31, 2024:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Number of securities
Number of securities
to be issued upon
remaining available
exercise of
Weighted-average
for future issuance under
outstanding
exercise price of
equity compensation
options, warrants
outstanding options
plans (excluding shares
Plan Category
and rights (1)
warrants and rights (2)
in first column)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: (3)
2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
-
$
-
2022 Equity Incentive Plan
$
-
12,482
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders:
SUNation Inducement Grants
$
-
-
TOTAL
$
-
12,882
(1)Includes outstanding awards under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, as well as restricted stock units outstanding under inducement grants made to the Company’s newly-hired Chief Financial Officer in October 2022 and to newly-hired employees in connection with the SUNation acquisition in November 2022, in each case in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).
(2)Only restricted stock units are outstanding, which do not have an exercise price; they are settled in shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis at no additional cost.
(3)Includes the Pineapple Energy Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”) and the Pineapple Energy Inc. 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The Equity Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, stock unit awards and other stock-based awards to employees, non-employee directors and consultants and advisors to the Company. The number of shares of Company common stock available for issuance under the Equity Plan initially was 1,000 and was increased to 13,333 after shareholder approvals on December 7, 2022 and July 19, 2024. The ESPP was approved by shareholders on December 7, 2022, and provides for the purchase by eligible employees of shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount to the market price. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the ESPP was initially 267 and was increased to 667 by shareholder approval on December 14, 2023.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this report.
Overview
SUNation Energy Inc. (formerly Communications Systems, Inc. (“CSI”), Pineapple Holdings, Inc. and Pineapple Energy Inc.) (herein referred to as “SUNation Energy,” “SUNE,” “our,” “we” or the “Company”) was originally organized as a Minnesota corporation in 1969. On March 28, 2022, the Company completed its previously announced merger transaction with Pineapple Energy LLC (“Pineapple Energy”) in accordance with the terms of a merger agreement, pursuant to which a subsidiary of the Company merged with and into Pineapple Energy, with Pineapple Energy surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “merger”). Following the closing of the merger (the “Closing”) the Company changed its name from Communications Systems, Inc. to Pineapple Holdings, Inc. and subsequently, on April 13, 2022, changed its name to Pineapple Energy Inc.
On November 14, 2024, the Company filed articles of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Minnesota and filed a certificate of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware changing its jurisdiction of incorporation from Minnesota to Delaware (the “Reincorporation”), as well as having filed a Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on this same date. Concurrently with the Reincorporation, the Company also effectuated a change to its name from Pineapple Energy, Inc. to SUNation Energy, Inc., and to its stock trading symbol from PEGY to SUNE, effective November 19, 2024.
SUNation Energy’s vision is to power the energy transition through grass-roots growth of solar electricity paired with battery storage. The Company is a domestic operator and consolidator of residential solar, battery storage, and grid services solutions. Our strategy is focused on acquiring, integrating, and growing leading local and regional solar, storage, and energy services companies nationwide.
Our current business units, Hawaii Energy Connection, LLC (“HEC”), and New York-based subsidiaries, the SUNation entities (collectively, “SUNation”). are engaged in the design, installation, and maintenance of solar energy systems across residential, commercial, and municipal sectors. Our team specializes in providing tailored solar solutions that meet the specific energy needs of each client, ensuring both efficiency and sustainability. In addition to our core solar services, we also offer energy storage systems to optimize energy use and increase reliability. Our New York business unit further integrates a broader range of services, including residential roofing solutions, to ensure seamless solar installations and long-term durability. Additionally, we provide community solar services that allow groups of individuals, businesses, or organizations to share the benefits of a single solar array, making renewable energy accessible to more people in the community.
On June 30, 2023, the Company divested its legacy operations and operating assets through the sale of substantially all of the assets of its JDL Technologies, Inc. (“JDL”) and Ecessa Corporation (“Ecessa”) businesses. See Note 5, Discontinued Operations. As a result, unless otherwise noted, all information in this report on Form 10-K related to the JDL and Ecessa businesses are discussed and presented as discontinued operations and the Company reports its remaining business operations as continuing operations.
Bitcoin Strategy
WE ARE NOT REGISTERED AS AN INVESTMENT COMPANY UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 AND STOCKHOLDERS DO NOT HAVE THE PROTECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OWNERSHIP OF SHARES IN A REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANY NOR THE PROTECTIONS AFFORDED BY THE COMMODITIES EXCHANGE ACT.
In January 2025, our board of directors approved and adopted a corporate treasury strategy, adopting the inclusion of bitcoin (“BTC”) as a treasury reserve asset on an ongoing basis, subject to, among other factors, market conditions, the Company’s operational requirements, including in support of its planned expansion strategy, and our anticipated cash needs, instead of solely looking to keep cash in short and intermediate-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. federal government. As part of this strategy, we may allocate a minority portion of our excess cash, calculated based on our estimated six-month operating expenses, toward BTC purchases.
Since 2003, we have been designing, developing, and providing solar energy solutions tailored to customers in the information technology and technology sectors. The Company believes this BTC initiative further solidifies its role in supporting the new digital economy and its expanding energy needs in an environmentally conscious manner. Accordingly, this strategic initiative aligns with the Company’s goal to enable BTC as a possible payment option for its customers and suppliers as part of its core mission to make solar power more accessible.
We believe it has unique characteristics as a scarce and finite asset that can serve as a reasonable inflation hedge and safe haven amid global instability. Bitcoin is often compared by some to gold, the latter of which has been viewed as a dependable store of value throughout history. As of January 3, 2025, the total market capitalization of gold was approximately $17.8 trillion compared to nearly $1.95 trillion for bitcoin. Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset that has traded below $38,000 per bitcoin and above $108,000 per bitcoin on Coinbase in the 12 months preceding the date of this annual report. While highly volatile, bitcoin’s price has also appreciated significantly since bitcoin’s inception in January 2009 (at zero per bitcoin). We believe that a substantial portion of bitcoin’s appreciation is attributable to the view that bitcoin is or will become a reliable store of value. Like gold, bitcoin is also viewed as a scarce asset; the ultimate supply of bitcoin is limited to 21 million coins and approximately 94.5% of its supply already exists.
We believe that bitcoin’s finite, digital and decentralized nature as well as its architectural resilience make it a highly attractive and potentially highly appreciable asset. We also believe that the growing global acceptance across sectors, public and private companies and other “institutionalization” of bitcoin, including in some governments integrating bitcoin into their financial strategies as a hedge against inflation, macro-economic instability, and geopolitical risks facing global economies, supports our view that bitcoin is a reliable store of value. We believe that bitcoin’s unique attributes discussed above not only differentiate it from fiat money, but also from other cryptocurrency assets, and for that reason, we have no plans to purchase cryptocurrency assets other than bitcoin.
Reverse Stock Splits
June 2024 Reverse Stock Split
On January 3, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio within a range of 1-for-2 and 1-for-15 and granted the Company’s board of directors the discretion to determine the timing and ratio of the split within such range.
On May 28, 2024, the Company’s board of directors determined to effect the reverse stock split of the common stock at a 1-for-15 ratio (the “June Reverse Stock Split”) and approved an amendment (“June Reverse Stock Split Amendment”) to the Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company to effect the June Reverse Stock Split.
Effective June 12, 2024, the Company amended its Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to implement the June Reverse Stock Split. The Company's common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis when the market opened on June 12, 2024 (the "June Effective Date").
As a result of the June Reverse Stock Split, at 12:01 a.m. Central Time on the June Effective Date, every 15 shares of common stock then issued and outstanding automatically were combined into one share of common stock, with no change in par value per share. No fractional shares were outstanding following the June Reverse Stock Split, and any fractional shares that would have resulted from the June Reverse Stock Split were settled in cash. The number of shares of common stock outstanding was reduced from 108,546,773 to 7,235,731, with 720.901 fractional shares paid out in cash totaling $1,132. The total number of shares authorized for issuance was reduced to 7,500,000 in proportion to the June Reverse Stock Split ratio.
‎
October 2024 Reverse Stock Split
On July 19, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio within a range of 1-for-2 and 1-for-200 and granted the Company’s board of directors the discretion to determine the timing and ratio of the split within such range. Additionally, the shareholders also approved an increase in authorized shares to 133,333,333 shares.
On October 1, 2024, the Company’s board of directors determined to effect the reverse stock split of the common stock at a 1-for-50 ratio (the “October Reverse Stock Split”) and approved an amendment (“October Reverse Stock Split Amendment”) to the Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company to effect the October Reverse Stock Split.
Effective October 17, 2024, the Company amended its Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to implement the October Reverse Stock Split. The Company's common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis when the market opened on October 17, 2024 (the "October Effective Date").
As a result of the October Reverse Stock Split, at 12:01 a.m. Central Time on the October Effective Date, every 50 shares of common stock then issued and outstanding automatically were combined into one share of common stock, with no change in par value per share. No fractional shares were outstanding following the Reverse Stock Split, and any fractional shares that would have resulted from the October Reverse Stock Split were settled in cash. The number of shares of common stock outstanding was reduced from 67,260,696 to 1,344,841, with 372.92 fractional shares payable in cash totaling $1,891. The total number of shares authorized for issuance was reduced from 133,333,333 to 2,666,667 in proportion to the October Reverse Stock Split ratio. The number of shares authorized for issuance was later increased to 25,000,000 as a result of the Reincorporation.
Effective as of the same time as the June 2024 Reverse Stock Split and October 2024 Reverse Stock Split (collectively known as the “Reverse Stock Splits”), the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plans were automatically reduced in proportion to the Reverse Stock Splits ratio. Upon effectiveness, the Reverse Stock Splits also resulted in reductions in the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise or vesting of equity awards in proportion to the Reverse Stock Splits ratios and caused a proportionate increase in exercise price or share-based performance criteria, if any, applicable to such awards.
Forward Looking Statements
In this report and from time to time, in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in press releases, and in other communications to shareholders or the investing public, we may make “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We may make these forward-looking statements concerning possible or anticipated future financial performance, business activities, plans, pending claims, investigations or litigation, which are typically preceded by the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends” or similar expressions. For these forward-looking statements, the Company claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in federal securities laws. Shareholders and the investing public should understand that these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance, activities, anticipated results, outcomes or plans to differ significantly from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. For a detailed discussion of a number of these risk factors, please see Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Generally, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions in accordance with GAAP that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations. Critical accounting estimates are those that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report, we believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting estimates, which involve significant subjectivity and judgment, and changes to such estimates or assumptions could have a material impact on our financial condition or operating results. Therefore, we consider an understanding of the variability and judgment required in making these estimates and assumptions to be critical in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
Income Taxes: In the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management calculates income taxes. This includes estimating the Company’s current tax liability as well as assessing temporary differences resulting from different treatment of items for tax and book accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are recorded on the balance sheet. These assets and liabilities are analyzed regularly and management assesses the likelihood it will realize these deferred assets from future taxable income. We determine the valuation allowance for deferred income tax benefits based upon the expectation of whether the benefits are more likely than not to be realized. The Company records interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense in the consolidated statements loss and comprehensive loss.
Goodwill: Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from acquisitions. We test goodwill for impairment annually on October 1 or more frequently if events and circumstances warrant. Such events and circumstances may be a significant change
in our business climate, economic and industry trends, legal factors, negative operating performance indicators, significant competition or changes in strategy. We perform our goodwill impairment test at the reporting unit level, which is the same as our operating segments.
An impairment charge for goodwill is recognized only when the estimated fair value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, is less than its carrying amount. In applying the goodwill impairment assessment, the Company may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Qualitative factors may include, but are not limited to, economic, market and industry conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the reporting unit. If after assessing these qualitative factors, the Company determines it is "more-likely-than not" that the fair value is less than the carrying value, a quantitative assessment of goodwill is required. The quantitative impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, the assignment of assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and the determination of fair value of each reporting unit. The impairment test requires the comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. We estimate the reporting units’ fair value using a combination of the income approach based upon projected discounted cash flows of the reporting unit and the market approach based upon the market multiple of comparable publicly traded companies. If the estimated fair value of the reporting entity exceeds the carrying value, the goodwill is not impaired, and no further review is required. However, if the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment expense should be recognized for the excess of the carrying value over the fair value.
Under the income approach, the estimated discounted cash flows are based on the best information available to us at the time, including supportable assumptions and projections we believe are reasonable. Our discounted cash flow estimates use discount rates that correspond to a weighted-average cost of capital consistent with a market-participant view. Certain other key assumptions utilized, including revenue and cash flow projections, are based on estimates consistent with those utilized in our annual budgeting and planning process that we believe are reasonable. However, if we do not achieve the results reflected in the assumptions and estimates, our goodwill impairment evaluations could be adversely affected, and we may impair a portion or all of our goodwill, which would adversely affect our operating results in the period of impairment.
The market approach identifies the revenue multiples of comparable publicly traded companies. The reporting unit’s revenue projections are multiplied by the market multiple to estimate its current estimated fair value. If the market multiples or revenue value assumptions are incorrect, our goodwill impairment evaluation could also be adversely affected, and we may impair a portion or all of our goodwill, which would adversely affect our operating results in the period of impairment.
As of October 1, 2024, we performed a qualitative assessment to evaluate any circumstances and events impacting our reporting units to determine the likelihood of goodwill impairment. We concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units exceeded its carrying value. To corroborate this conclusion, we compared the carrying value of our reporting units to a valuation of our outstanding equity including consideration of a reasonable control premium.
During the fourth quarter of 2024, as a result of a material decline in our stock price and forecasted revenues and operating results, we performed an interim quantitative analysis as of December 31, 2024. Based on the results of this analysis, we concluded that the fair value of our HEC reporting unit did not exceed its carrying value as of December 31, 2024 and recorded an impairment loss of $3.1 million in our consolidated statements of operations, reducing our HEC goodwill balance to $6.7 million and our consolidated goodwill balance to $17.4 million. There was no impairment indication within our SUNation reporting unit as there was adequate cushion of 80% between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit.
No goodwill impairment was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants: In March 2022, the Company issued shares of Series A convertible preferred stock (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”) and PIPE Warrants to investors as part of a $32.0 million private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) transaction. The proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Preferred Stock were allocated between the Convertible Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants using a relative fair value method. The Company accounts for the Convertible Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants based on an assessment of the specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”, and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. The Convertible Preferred Stock was originally reported as part of permanent equity and the PIPE Warrants were originally determined to be equity-classified. As discussed in Notes 2 and 12, the Convertible Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants were modified during the first quarter of 2024, which resulted in the Company not having sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle the conversion and exercise to common stock and the reclassification of the Convertible Preferred Stock to mezzanine equity and the PIPE Warrants to a liability. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company received the appropriate shareholder approval on an increase in authorized shares and the Convertible Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants were reclassified to equity.
Embedded Derivative Liability: The Company’s Decathlon Fixed Loan includes a mandatory prepayment feature upon a contingent event that is considered an embedded derivative that requires bifurcation under ASC 815. The Company’s Conduit and MBB loans include an acceleration of amounts outstanding under the loan agreements upon an event of default or if the Company consummates one or more equity offerings meeting certain criteria that is considered an embedded derivative that requires bifurcation. Under ASC 815, the embedded derivative is bifurcated and recorded at fair value at inception and each subsequent reporting period. However, based on management’s estimates of the likelihood of certain events, the embedded derivative liability related to the Decathlon Fixed Loan had no fair value at issuance and at the end of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of this embedded derivative was ascribed value. See further discussion in Note 9. The Conduit and MBB embedded derivatives were ascribed a fair value at issuance and were fair valued at December 31, 2024 with the change in fair value recorded within Other (expense) income within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Results of Operations
Consolidated Results
The following table summarizes our consolidated results for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Change
Amount
% of Sales
Amount
% of Sales
$
%
Sales
$
56,861,753
100%
$
79,632,709
100%
$
(22,770,956)
-28.6%
Cost of sales
36,435,509
64%
51,936,519
65%
(15,501,010)
-29.8%
Gross profit
20,426,244
36%
27,696,190
35%
(7,269,946)
-26.2%
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
27,054,166
48%
29,074,578
37%
(2,020,412)
-6.9%
Amortization expense
2,837,500
5%
4,738,477
6%
(1,900,977)
-40.1%
Fair value remeasurement of SUNation earnout consideration
(1,000,000)
-2%
1,350,000
2%
(2,350,000)
-174.1%
Goodwill impairment loss
3,101,981
5%
-
0%
3,101,981
Intangible asset impairment loss
750,000
1%
-
0%
750,000
Total operating expenses
32,743,647
58%
35,163,055
44%
(2,419,408)
-6.9%
Operating loss from continuing operations
(12,317,403)
-22%
(7,466,865)
-9%
(4,850,538)
65.0%
Other (expense) income:
Investment and other income
144,529
0%
191,584
0%
(47,055)
-24.6%
(Loss) gain on sale of assets
(822)
0%
437,116
1%
(437,938)
-100.2%
Fair value remeasurement of warrant liability
(974,823)
-2%
-
0%
(974,823)
Fair value remeasurement of embedded derivative liability
(65,617)
0%
-
0%
(65,617)
Fair value remeasurement of contingent value rights
522,257
1%
2,674,966
3%
(2,152,709)
-80.5%
Interest expense
(3,087,450)
-5%
(2,657,517)
-3%
(429,933)
16.2%
Loss on debt extinguishment
(35,657)
0%
-
0%
(35,657)
Other (expense) income, net
(3,497,583)
-6%
646,149
1%
(4,143,732)
-641.3%
Operating loss from continuing operations before income taxes
(15,814,986)
-28%
(6,820,716)
-9%
(8,994,270)
131.9%
Income tax expense
34,819
0%
119,176
0%
(84,357)
-70.8%
Net loss from continuing operations
(15,849,805)
-28%
(6,939,892)
-9%
(8,909,913)
128.4%
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
-
0%
(1,192,275)
-1%
1,192,275
-100.0%
Net loss
$
(15,849,805)
-28%
(8,132,167)
-10%
$
(7,717,638)
94.9%
Consolidated sales decreased 29% to $56,861,753 in 2024 from $79,632,709 in 2023, with declines in all revenue streams. The overall decrease in consolidated sales is due to overall industry contraction in the residential solar market. On a consolidated basis, overall kilowatts installed on residential projects decreased 12% in 2024 from 2023 with a 18% decrease in price per watt due to lower battery kilowatts installed within HEC.
Consolidated gross profit decreased 26% to $20,426,244 in 2024 as compared to gross profit of $27,696,190 in 2023 due primarily to the decrease in revenue at both SUNation and HEC. Gross margin increased to 35.9% in 2024 compared to 34.8% in 2023.
Consolidated operating expenses decreased 6.9% to $32,743,647 in 2024 as compared to $35,163,055 in 2023. Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 6.9% to $27,054,166 in 2024 from $29,074,578 in 2023, due primarily to a $1,830,189 decrease in selling, general and administrative costs associated with SUNation and HEC. Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased 2.6% or $190,223 to $7,257,844 due primarily to a $1,103,039 decrease in expenses associated with Legacy CSI assets and a $1,183,954 decrease in stock compensation expense, partially offset by $1,300,000 in expense on loss contingencies related to certain prior securities issuances and an increase in legal and professional fees on the corporate restructuring efforts during 2024. Amortization expense decreased by $1,900,977 to $2,837,500 in 2024 due to the completion of the amortization of certain intangible assets in late 2023. The fair value remeasurement related to the SUNation acquisition earnout consideration in 2024 was a gain of $1,000,000 compared to a loss of $1,350,000 in 2023. The Company also recorded a $3,101,981 goodwill impairment loss within the HEC segment and a $750,000 intangible asset impairment loss during 2024 related to technology related intangible assets within the HEC segment.
Consolidated other income decreased $5,031,926 to expense of $(4,385,777) in 2024 as compared to income of $646,149 in 2023. The decrease was related to a $429,933 increase in interest and accretion expense, a $974,823 fair value remeasurement loss on the embedded derivative liability, a $2,152,709 decrease in fair value remeasurement gain on the CVRs, a $974,823 fair value remeasurement loss on the warrant liability, and a $437,938 decrease in gain on sale of assets.
Consolidated operating loss from continuing operations before income taxes in 2024 was $15,814,986, compared to a consolidated operating loss from continuing operations before income taxes of $6,820,716 in 2023. Net loss from continuing operations attributable to shareholders in 2024 (after taking into effect $11,587,121 in deemed dividends) was $27,436,926, or ($50.58) per diluted share. Net loss from continuing operations in 2023 was $6,939,892, or ($521.89) per diluted share from continuing operations.
SUNation Operating Results
SUNation sales decreased 24% or $12,630,348, to $39,733,362 in 2024 as compared to $52,363,710 in 2023. Sales in 2024 and 2023 by type were as follows:
Revenue by Type
Residential contracts
$
30,715,255
$
39,326,408
Commercial contracts
6,700,469
9,903,437
Service revenue
2,317,638
3,133,865
$
39,733,362
$
52,363,710
Residential contract sales decreased $8,611,153, or 22%, due to a 12% reduction in residential kilowatts installed and a decrease in average price per system installed as result of lower financing fees. Overall the acceleration of projects in the last quarter of 2023 led to approval bottlenecks at the outset of 2024 which was further hampered by some supply chain disruption from a change in suppliers. The residential market within the solar industry has seen an overall decline in installations due to higher interest rates in the first 9 months of 2024. Commercial contract sales decreased $3,202,968, or 32%, due timing of commercial projects where the prior year had some larger projects complete early in 2023 and there were delays in the current year in the start of commercial pipeline projects into the second half of 2024.
Gross profit decreased 22% to $15,093,668 in 2024 as compared to gross profit of $19,370,809 in 2023 due primarily to the decrease in revenue. Gross margin increased to 38.0% in 2024 compared to 37.0% in 2023 due primarily to an increase in residential gross margins on lower financing fees in 2024.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 6% to $15,265,443 in 2024 (38% as a percentage of sales) as compared to $16,178,126 in 2023 (31% as a percentage of sales), due primarily to a decrease in personnel costs on lower headcount.
Amortization expense decreased 40% to $812,500 in 2024 as compared to $1,362,500 in 2023 due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized at the end of 2023.
HEC Operating Results
HEC sales decreased 37% or $10,140,608, to $17,128,391 in 2024 as compared to $27,268,999 in 2023. Sales in 2024 and 2023 by type were as follows:
Revenue by Type
Residential contracts
$
15,984,618
$
24,855,946
Commercial contracts
429,259
1,380,466
Service revenue
714,514
673,544
Software revenue
-
347,550
Other
-
11,493
$
17,128,391
$
27,268,999
Residential contract sales decreased $8,871,328, or 36%, due to a 12% reduction in residential kilowatts installed and a decrease in average price per system installed as result of a 51% decrease in battery capacity installed. In the first half of 2024, the Battery Bonus program in Hawaii ended. Under this program, customers were paid a cash incentive and provided energy bill credits to add energy storage to an existing or new rooftop solar system. Commercial contract sales decreased $951,207, or 32%, due to timing of projects. HEC has limited commercial projects and the revenue from this revenue stream can fluctuate year over year. The decrease in software revenue is due to a licensing arrangement for the use of software in 2023.
Gross profit decreased 36% to $5,332,577 in 2024 as compared to gross profit of $8,325,381 in 2023 due primarily to the decrease in revenue. Gross margin increased slightly to 31.1% in 2024 compared to 30.5% in 2023.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 17% to $4,530,879 in 2024 (26% as a percentage of sales) as compared to $5,448,385 in 2023 (20% as a percentage of sales), due primarily to a decrease in commissions expense and gross excise taxes on lower revenue.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $1,151,348 in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and liquid investments, compared to $5,396,343 at December 31, 2023. Of this amount, $368,138 was invested in short-term money market funds that are not considered to be bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or other government agency. These money market funds seek to preserve the value of the investment at $1.00 per share; however, it is possible to lose money investing in these funds. The remainder in cash and cash equivalents is operating cash.
Of the amounts of cash, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents on the balance sheet at December 31, 2024, $312,080 consist of funds that can only be used to support the legacy CSI business, will be distributed to CVR holders and cannot be used to support the working capital needs of the SUNation Energy business.
The Company had working capital of $(16,051,658), consisting of current assets of approximately $11,110,385 and current liabilities of $27,162,043 at December 31, 2024 compared to working capital of $(6,594,834), consisting of current assets of $15,778,648 and current liabilities of $22,373,482 at the end of 2023.
Cash flow used in operating activities was approximately $6,302,686 in 2024 compared to $667,177 used in 2023. The negative cash flow from operations is primarily driven by the decrease in the Company’s operating profit and the increase in interest expense. Significant working capital changes in 2024 included a decrease in inventories of $853,518, an increase in other accrued liabilities of $1,402,564 due to the $1,300,000 accrual for loss contingencies, a decrease in accrued compensation and benefits for $563,333, and an increase in other assets of $577,872, primarily due to an increase in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on commercial projects in process at year end.
Cash used in investing activities was $26,667 in 2024 compared to $3,567,278 provided in 2023. Net cash provided in 2023 was the result of proceeds from the sale of investments and proceeds from the sale of the JDL and Ecessa assets included within discontinued operations, partially offset by capital expenditures.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,084,358 in 2024 compared to $2,760,236 used in 2023. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2024 was due to $1,000,000 in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under a registered direct offering, $2,457,352 in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the at-the-market offering and $1,604,000 in borrowings from Conduit Capital US Holdings LLC (“Conduit”) and MBB Energy, LLC (“MBB”), partially offset by $1,595,364 in payments against loans payable and $856,736 in CVR distributions. Net cash used in financing activities in 2023 was due to $3,036,676 in CVR distributions and $5,000,000 in payments against the SUNation Short-Term Note and $1,500,000 in payments against the Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”) term loan, as discussed further in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, partially offset by $7,500,000 in borrowings from Decathlon Specialty Finance, LLC (“Decathlon”).
In connection with the SUNation Acquisition, on November 9, 2022, the Company issued a $5,000,000 Short-Term Limited Recourse Secured Promissory Note (the “Short-Term Note”) and a $5,486,000 Long-Term Promissory Note (the “Long-Term Note”). The Short-Term Note was secured as described below and was scheduled to mature on August 9, 2023. It carried an annual interest rate of 4% until the three-month anniversary of issuance, 8% thereafter until the six-month anniversary of issuance, then 12% thereafter until the Short-Term Note is paid in full. The Short-Term Note was paid in full in conjunction with the Decathlon loan. The Long-Term Note is unsecured and initially matured on November 9, 2025. It carried an annual interest rate of 4% until the first anniversary of issuance, then 8% thereafter until the Long-Term Note is paid in full. The Company was required to make a principal payment of $2.74 million on the second anniversary of the Long-Term Note. The Long-Term Note may be prepaid at our option at any time without penalty. On April 10, 2025, the original Long-Term Note was amended and restated as follows: The principal amount of $5,486,000 previously due and payable under the original Long Term Note, together with all accrued and unpaid interest owing thereunder, shall be due and payable on May 1, 2028 (the “Maturity Date”), and such amended note shall become a senior secured instrument. Principal and interest payments under the amended Long-Term Note shall be payable monthly on the first day of each month commencing with June 1, 2025 for thirty-six (36) consecutive months thereafter pursuant to the terms thereunder. Additionally, pursuant to the terms of that certain Senior Secured Contingent Note Instrument, entered into on April 10, 2025, the unearned 2024 earnout was rescheduled and shall be based on the earnout terms set forth therein pursuant to the financial conditions and terms covering each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025 and, if attained, shall be payable in fiscal year 2026, which payment is further conditioned on the continued employment of the note holders at the time of such earnout payment trigger date.
Based on the Company’s current financial position, which includes approximately $0.3 million of restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments that are restricted under the CVR agreement and cannot be used by the Company for its own working capital needs, and the Company’s forecasted future cash flows for twelve months beyond the date of issuance of these financial statements, substantial doubt exists around the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. As noted in Note 17, Subsequent Events, the Company raised capital and satisfied certain outstanding debt obligations subsequent to year end, however there remains uncertainty related to our future cash flows as it relies on the ability to generate enough cash flow from its operating segments to cover the Company’s corporate overhead costs.
As a result, the Company requires additional funding and seeks to raise capital through sources that may include public or private equity offerings, debt financings and/or strategic alliances. On February 27, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale of an aggregate of $20.0 million in securities, with $15.0 million in gross proceeds in the first closing on February 27, 2025 and $5.0 million in gross proceeds in the second closing on April 7, 2025. While the Company was able to use the proceeds to pay off approximately $12.6 million in outstanding debt and contingent liability obligations, it was not sufficient to cover all of the Company’s current and future obligations. Additional funding may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional funds, it would have a negative impact on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. To the extent that additional funds are raised through the sale of equity or securities convertible into or exercisable for equity securities, the issuance of securities will result in dilution to the Company’s shareholders.
Contingent Value Rights and Impact on Cash
The Company issued CVRs prior to the closing of the merger to CSI shareholders of record on the close of business on March 25, 2022. The CVR entitles the holder to a portion of the cash, cash equivalents, investments and net proceeds of any divestiture, assignment, or other disposition of all legacy assets of CSI and/or its legacy subsidiaries, JDL and Ecessa, that are related to CSI’s pre-merger business, assets, and properties that occur during the period following the closing of the merger and ending initially on March 28, 2024, but was extended through December 31, 2024 by the First Amendment to the Contingent Value Rights Agreement entered into on March 27, 2024. This was extended again through December 31, 2025 by the Second Amendment to the Contingent Value Rights Agreement entered into on December 30, 2024. The CVR liability as of December 31, 2024 was estimated at $312,080 and represented the estimated fair value as of that date of the legacy CSI assets to be distributed to CVR holders as of that date. This amount is recorded as a current liability that includes the remaining restricted cash and cash equivalents and payables related to the legacy CSI business. The proceeds from CSI’s pre-merger business
working capital and related long term-assets and liabilities are not available to fund the working capital needs of the post-merger company.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for a discussion of new accounting standards.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company has no freestanding or embedded derivatives. The Company’s policy is to not use freestanding derivatives and to not enter into contracts with terms that cannot be designated as normal purchases or sales.
The Company’s investments are in money markets that earn interest at prevailing market rates and as such do not have material risk exposure.
Based on the Company’s operations, in the opinion of management, the Company is not exposed to material future losses due to market risk.
‎

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
REPORT OF MANAGEMENT
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB ID: 1195)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
‎
REPORT OF MANAGEM ENT
The management of SUNation Energy, Inc. and its subsidiary companies is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of the financial statements and other financial information contained in the annual report. The financial statements and related information were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include amounts that are based on management’s informed judgments and estimates.
In fulfilling its responsibilities for the integrity of financial information, management maintains accounting systems and related controls. These controls provide reasonable assurance, at appropriate costs, that assets are safeguarded against losses and that financial records are reliable for use in preparing financial statements. Management recognizes its responsibility for conducting the Company’s affairs according to the highest standards of personal and corporate conduct.
The Audit and Finance Committee of the Board of Directors, comprised solely of independent, non-employee directors, meets with the independent auditors and management periodically to review accounting, auditing, financial reporting and internal control matters. The independent auditors have free access to this committee, without management present, to discuss the results of their audit work and their opinion on the adequacy of internal financial controls and the quality of financial reporting.
/s/ Scott Maskin
/s/ James Brennan
Scott Maskin
James Brennan
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Financial Officer
‎
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
‎Stockholders of SUNation Energy, Inc.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SUNation Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s current financial position and the Company’s forecasted future cash flows for twelve months beyond the date of issuance of these financial statements indicate substantial doubt around the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regards to these matters are also described in Note 16. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Critical Audit Matter - Goodwill Impairment
At December 31, 2024, the consolidated carrying value of the Company’s goodwill was $20,545,850, of which $9,829,212 and $10,716,638 were allocated to the HEC and SUNation reporting units, respectively. As disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, annually on October 1 or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred. Management determined that a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis was required as of December 31, 2024. The impairment test was performed by calculating the fair value of the Company’s reporting units, using a combination of an income approach and market approach, and comparing the fair value to the carrying value to determine if there was an impairment loss which would be equal to the carrying value exceeding the fair
value. Management engaged a third-party valuation specialist to assist with the analysis. As disclosed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company determined that HEC’s goodwill was impaired and recorded an impairment loss of $3,101,981 as of December 31, 2024.
Auditing management’s goodwill impairment test was complex and judgmental, due to the significant estimation required to determine the present value of each reporting unit’s future discounted cash flows. The discounted cash flows were sensitive to the projected revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins, terminal growth rates and the discount rate applied. These significant assumptions are affected by expectations about future market and economic conditions. There was also management judgment in selecting the comparable publicly traded companies used by the Company to determine the revenue multiples under the market approach.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in Our Audit
Our audit procedures performed to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions included assessing the methodologies used by the Company and testing the significant assumptions used in the quantitative models. To test the fair value of the Company’s reporting units, we performed audit procedures that included the following:
Compared the projected revenue growth rates to the Company’s historical results and industry and economic data, and compared projected EBITDA margins to historical results and industry data. We assessed the historical accuracy of management’s prior forecasts to actual results to evaluate management’s ability to accurately forecast future revenues and gross profit.
Involved our valuation specialists to 1) assess management’s fair value methodology, compare the terminal growth rates to external industry and economic data, and determine an independent estimate of the discount rates and 2) evaluated the comparable public companies utilized by management under the market approach.
Evaluated certain inputs and assumptions for consistency where they were used by management in other accounting estimates impacting the consolidated financial statements.
Tested management’s fair value calculations for clerical accuracy.
Performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the reporting units that would result from changes in these assumptions.
Assessed the appropriateness of the disclosures in the financial statements.
Critical Audit Matter - Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants
In 2022, the Company issued shares of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants to investors. The Company accounted for the convertible preferred stock and warrants in permanent equity. The convertible preferred stock and the warrants were modified during the first quarter of 2024, which resulted in the Company not having sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle the conversion and exercise to common stock. As a result, the Company reclassified the convertible preferred stock to mezzanine equity and the warrants to a liability.
During the third quarter of 2024, the Company received shareholder approval on an increase in authorized shares, resulting in the convertible preferred stock and warrants being reclassified to permanent equity. Additionally, the Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants were further modified prior to being exchanged for Series C convertible preferred stock in September 2024. No preferred stock or warrants remained outstanding as of December 31, 2024.
As disclosed in Notes 2 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, these transactions resulted in the following impact on the consolidated financial statements:
Change in fair value of the warrant liability resulting in a loss of $974,823.
Deemed dividends on modifications of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants of ($11,447,251) and ($4,215,551), respectively, that reduced APIC and income available to common shareholders in calculating earnings per share (EPS).
Deemed contribution on exchange of Series A preferred stock and warrants for Series C convertible preferred stock of $4,075,681 that increased APIC and income available to common shareholders in calculating EPS.
The accounting for convertible preferred stock and warrants required analysis under applicable authoritative guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”, and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Furthermore, the amounts recognized for the change in fair value of the warrant liability, deemed dividends, and deemed contribution were based on management’s estimates of fair value for these financial instruments. Management engaged a third-party specialist to assist with the accounting and fair value analysis.
Auditing management’s conclusions related to these transactions required the interpretation of complex accounting literature in the areas of financial instruments and modifications of equity instruments. In addition, auditing management’s fair value estimates was complex and judgmental because the measurements involved subjective models and unobservable inputs. There was also management judgment in selecting the comparable publicly traded companies used by the Company to determine the volatility input.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in Our Audit
Our audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s accounting for the modifications of the Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants, and the exchange of the Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants for Series C convertible preferred stock included the following:
Involved financial instrument accounting subject matter specialists to assess the Company's conclusions on equity vs liability classification of the convertible preferred stock and warrants and the EPS treatment of the modification and exchange transactions.
Evaluated management’s accounting memorandums and read the underlying contracts and board resolutions for consistency with the conclusions reached.
Involved our valuation specialists to 1) assess management’s fair value methodologies and 2) develop independent estimates of the fair values of the convertible preferred stock and warrants at each modification date and the exchange date.
Assessed the appropriateness of the disclosures in the financial statements.
Critical Audit Matter - Embedded Derivative Liability
The Company’s Decathlon Fixed Loan includes a mandatory prepayment feature upon a contingent event that is considered an embedded derivative requiring separate accounting under ASC 815. Under ASC 815, the embedded derivative is bifurcated and recorded at fair value at inception with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Based on management’s estimates of the likelihood of certain events occurring, the Company recognized an embedded derivative liability as of December 31, 2024. As disclosed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the amortized cost of the Decathlon Fixed Loan was $6,586,325 and the fair value of the embedded derivative was $24,800 as of December 31, 2024. Management engaged a third-party valuation specialist to assist with the accounting and fair value analysis.
Auditing management’s conclusions required the interpretation of complex accounting literature related to financial instruments, more specifically embedded derivatives in debt instruments. In addition, auditing management’s fair value estimates was complex and judgmental because the measurements involved unobservable inputs. There was management judgment in determining the probability of various payoff alternatives occurring as well as the estimated payoff date under each alternative.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in Our Audit
Our audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s accounting and fair value estimates for the Decathlon Fixed Loan included the following:
Involved financial instrument accounting subject matter specialists to assess the Company's embedded derivative accounting conclusions.
Evaluated management’s accounting memorandum and read the underlying contract for consistency with the conclusions reached.
Involved our valuation specialists to 1) assess management’s fair value methodology and 2) develop an independent estimate of the fair value of the embedded derivative liability.
Assessed the reasonableness of management’s payoff assumptions, more specifically the probabilities of various payoff alternatives occurring and the estimated payoff dates of each alternative. We 1) made inquiries of management and the board, 2) inspected board meeting minutes, 3) compared forecasts used to support the assumptions with forecasts used by management in other accounting estimates as of December 31, 2024, and 4) evaluated events occurring subsequent to December 31, 2024.
Assessed the appropriateness of the disclosures in the financial statements.
/s/ UHY LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.
Melville, New York
April 15, 2025
‎
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SUNATION ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
ASSETS
December 31
December 31
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
839,268
$
3,575,283
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
312,080
1,821,060
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for
credit losses of $240,817 and $94,085, respectively
4,881,094
5,010,818
Inventories, net
2,707,643
3,578,668
Related party receivables
23,471
46,448
Prepaid expenses
1,587,464
1,313,082
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings
560,648
57,241
Other current assets
198,717
376,048
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
11,110,385
15,778,648
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, net
1,238,898
1,511,878
OTHER ASSETS:
Goodwill
17,443,869
20,545,850
Right of use assets
3,686,747
4,516,102
Intangible assets, net
12,220,833
15,808,333
Other assets
12,000
12,000
TOTAL OTHER ASSETS
33,363,449
40,882,285
TOTAL ASSETS
$
45,712,732
$
58,172,811
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable
$
8,032,769
$
7,677,261
Accrued compensation and benefits
796,815
1,360,148
Operating lease liabilities
321,860
394,042
Accrued warranty
350,013
268,004
Other current liabilities
1,055,995
867,727
Accrued loss contingencies
1,300,000
-
Income taxes payable
5,071
5,373
Refundable customer deposits
1,870,173
2,112,363
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings
444,310
440,089
Contingent value rights
312,080
1,691,072
Earnout consideration
2,500,000
2,500,000
Current portion of loans payable
3,139,113
1,654,881
Current portion of loans payable - related party
6,951,563
3,402,522
Embedded derivative liability
82,281
-
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
27,162,043
22,373,482
LONG TERM LIABILITIES:
Loans payable and related interest
6,531,650
8,030,562
Loans payable and related interest - related party
-
2,097,194
Deferred income taxes
-
41,579
Operating lease liabilities
3,471,623
4,193,205
Earnout consideration
-
1,000,000
TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
10,003,273
15,362,540
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 9)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Series A Convertible preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share;
3,000,000 shares authorized; no and 28,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
-
28,000
Series B preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share;
3,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding, respectively
-
-
Series C preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share;
35,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding, respectively
-
-
Common stock, par value $0.05 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized;
1,868,638 and 13,663 shares issued and outstanding, respectively(1)
93,432
Additional paid-in capital(1)
51,353,030
47,489,517
Accumulated deficit
(42,899,046)
(27,081,411)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
8,547,416
20,436,789
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
$
45,712,732
$
58,172,811
(1) Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split of the common stock at a ratio of 1-for-50 that became effective October 17, 2024 and the reverse stock split of the common stock at a ratio of 1-for-15 that became effective June 12, 2024. See Note 1, "Nature of Operations," for further details.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
‎
`
SUNATION ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Year Ended December 31
Sales
$
56,861,753
$
79,632,709
Cost of sales
36,435,509
51,936,519
Gross profit
20,426,244
27,696,190
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
27,054,166
29,074,578
Amortization expense
2,837,500
4,738,477
Fair value remeasurement of SUNation earnout consideration
(1,000,000)
1,350,000
Goodwill impairment loss
3,101,981
-
Intangible asset impairment loss
750,000
-
Total operating expenses
32,743,647
35,163,055
Operating loss from continuing operations
(12,317,403)
(7,466,865)
Other (expense) income:
Investment and other income
144,529
191,584
(Loss) gain on sale of assets
(822)
437,116
Fair value remeasurement of warrant liability
(974,823)
-
Fair value remeasurement of embedded derivative liability
(65,617)
-
Fair value remeasurement of contingent value rights
522,257
2,674,966
Interest expense
(3,087,450)
(2,657,517)
Loss on debt extinguishment
(35,657)
-
Other (expense) income, net
(3,497,583)
646,149
Operating loss from continuing operations before income taxes
(15,814,986)
(6,820,716)
Income tax expense
34,819
119,176
Net loss from continuing operations
(15,849,805)
(6,939,892)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
-
(1,192,275)
Net loss
(15,849,805)
(8,132,167)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
-
10,422
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
-
10,422
Comprehensive loss
$
(15,849,805)
$
(8,121,745)
Less: Deemed dividend on extinguishment of Convertible Preferred Stock
(4,215,551)
-
Less: Deemed dividend on modification of PIPE Warrants
(11,447,251)
-
Less: Deemed contribution on exchange of equity instruments
4,075,681
-
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(27,436,926)
$
(8,132,167)
Basic net loss per share(1):
Continuing operations
$
(50.58)
$
(521.89)
Discontinued operations
-
(89.66)
$
(50.58)
$
(611.55)
Diluted net loss per share(1):
Continuing operations
$
(50.58)
$
(521.89)
Discontinued operations
-
(89.66)
$
(50.58)
$
(611.55)
Weighted Average Basic Shares Outstanding(1)
542,454
13,298
Weighted Average Dilutive Shares Outstanding(1)
542,454
13,298
(1) Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split of the common stock at a ratio of 1-for-50 that became effective October 17, 2024 and the reverse stock split of the common stock at a ratio of 1-for-15 that became effective June 12, 2024. See Note 1, "Nature of Operations," for further details.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
‎
SUNATION ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accumulated
Redeemable Convertible
Series A Convertible
Series B
Series C
Additional
Other
Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Paid-in
Accumulated
Comprehensive
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares(1)
Amount(1)
Capital(1)
Deficit
Income (Loss)
Total
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
-
$
-
28,000
$
28,000
-
$
-
-
$
-
13,221
$
$
46,293,187
$
(19,089,134)
$
(10,422)
$
27,222,292
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(8,132,167)
-
(8,132,167)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
125,392
-
-
125,398
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plan
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(19)
-
-
-
Gain on extinguishment of related party debt
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36,291
-
-
36,291
Share based compensation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,212,956
-
-
1,212,956
Other share retirements
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(51)
(3)
(178,290)
139,890
-
(38,403)
Other comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10,422
10,422
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2023
-
$
-
28,000
$
28,000
-
$
-
-
$
-
13,663
$
$
47,489,517
$
(27,081,411)
$
-
20,436,789
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(15,849,805)
-
(15,849,805)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9,764
-
-
9,772
Issuance of common stock under Equity Incentive Plan
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(20)
-
-
-
Issuance of common stock under registered direct offering, net of issuance costs
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3,604
918,808
-
-
918,988
Issuance of Series B Preferred Stock
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cancellation of Series B Preferred Stock
-
-
-
-
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1)
Issuance of common stock under PIPE Warrant exercise
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16,545
323,963
324,790
Reclassification of Series A Preferred Stock to temporary equity
28,000
30,968,875
(28,000)
(28,000)
-
-
-
-
-
-
(30,940,875)
-
-
(30,968,875)
Deemed dividend on extinguishment of Convertible Preferred Stock
-
751,125
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(751,125)
-
-
(751,125)
Reclassification of PIPE Warrants to liabilities
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(10,592,220)
-
-
(10,592,220)
Conversion of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to Common Stock
(13,485)
(15,277,055)
-
-
-
-
-
-
126,098
6,305
15,270,750
-
-
15,277,055
Conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to Common Stock
-
-
(1,490)
(1,490)
-
-
-
-
14,195
-
-
-
Reclassification of temporary equity to Series A Preferred Stock
(14,515)
(16,442,945)
14,515
14,515
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16,428,430
-
-
16,442,945
Reclassification of PIPE Warrants to equity
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11,242,257
-
-
11,242,257
Exchange of Series A Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants to Series C Preferred Stock
-
-
(13,025)
(13,025)
-
-
28,041
28,041
-
-
(15,016)
-
-
-
Issuance costs on exchange of Series A Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants to Series C Preferred Stock
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(156,524)
-
-
(156,524)
Conversion of Series C Preferred Stock to Common Stock
-
-
-
-
-
-
(28,041)
(28,041)
1,246,262
62,313
(34,272)
-
-
-
Issuance of Common Stock on At-the-Market sales, net of issuance costs
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
448,216
22,410
2,171,063
2,193,473
Cash in lieu payment on fractional shares under reverse stock split
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(387)
(19)
(3,003)
-
-
(3,022)
Share based compensation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29,002
-
-
29,002
Other share retirements
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(102)
(5)
(38,263)
32,170
-
(6,098)
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2024
-
$
-
-
$
-
-
$
-
-
$
-
1,868,638
$
93,432
$
51,353,030
$
(42,899,046)
$
-
$
8,547,416
(1) Prior period results have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split of the common stock at a ratio of 1-for-50 that became effective October 17, 2024 and the reverse stock split of the common stock at a ratio of 1-for-15 that became effective June 12, 2024. See Note 1, "Nature of Operations," for further details.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
‎
SUNATION ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss
$
(15,849,805)
$
(8,132,167)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
-
(1,192,275)
Net loss from continuing operations
(15,849,805)
(6,939,892)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
3,153,832
5,136,420
Share based compensation
29,002
1,212,956
Deferred taxes
(41,579)
41,579
Goodwill impairment loss
3,101,981
-
Intangible asset impairment loss
750,000
-
Credit loss provision
146,732
-
Fair value remeasurement of earnout consideration
(1,000,000)
1,350,000
Fair value remeasurement of warrant liability
974,823
-
Fair value remeasurement of embedded derivative liability
65,617
-
Fair value remeasurement of contingent value rights
(522,257)
(2,674,966)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
35,657
-
Gain on sale of assets
(437,116)
Loss on lease termination
215,415
-
Interest and accretion expense
3,087,449
2,657,517
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade and related party accounts receivables
5,969
623,975
Inventories, net
853,518
2,475,825
Prepaid income taxes
(302)
3,723
Other assets
(635,892)
3,333,146
Accounts payable
355,508
83,081
Accrued compensation and benefits
(563,333)
500,373
Customer deposits
(242,190)
(2,172,766)
Other accrued liabilities
1,430,109
(4,494,247)
Accrued interest
(1,653,762)
(1,085,174)
Net cash used in operating activities - continuing operations
(6,302,686)
(385,566)
Net cash used in operating activities - discontinued operations
-
(281,611)
Net cash used in operating activities
(6,302,686)
(667,177)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures
(32,785)
(655,691)
Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets
6,118
Proceeds from the sale of investments
-
2,869,584
Proceeds from earnout consideration payments
-
250,000
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - continuing operations
(26,667)
2,464,343
Net cash provided by investing activities - discontinued operations
-
1,102,935
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(26,667)
3,567,278
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from loans payable
1,604,000
7,814,844
Payments against loans payable
(1,595,364)
(7,277,334)
Payments related to debt issuance costs
(24,150)
(348,065)
Payments related to equity issuance costs
(501,414)
-
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under registered direct offering
1,000,000
-
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under at-the-market offering
2,457,352
-
Proceeds from the issuance of Series B preferred stock
-
Payments for contingent value rights distributions
(856,736)
(3,036,676)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of shares withheld
9,775
125,398
Cash in lieu payment on fractional shares under reverse stock split
(3,022)
-
Purchase of common stock
(6,098)
(38,403)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
2,084,358
(2,760,236)
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
(4,244,995)
139,865
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR
5,396,343
5,256,478
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF YEAR
$
1,151,348
$
5,396,343
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Income taxes paid
$
76,700
$
58,858
Interest paid
1,604,100
1,119,480
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Capital contribution on related party debt extinguishment
-
36,291
Loss on extinguishment of debt
(35,657)
-
Deemed dividend on Convertible Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants
11,587,121
-
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock
15,277,055
-
Operating right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
-
753,972
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
SUNATION ENERGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
NOTE 1 - NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Description of Business
SUNation Energy, Inc. (formerly Communications Systems, Inc., Pineapple Holdings, Inc., and Pineapple Energy Inc.) (“SUNE”, “SUNation Energy”, “we” or the “Company”), was originally organized as a Minnesota corporation in 1969. On March 28, 2022, the Company completed its previously announced merger transaction with Pineapple Energy LLC (“Pineapple Energy”) in accordance with the terms of that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 1, 2021, as amended by an Amendment No. 1 to Merger Agreement dated December 16, 2021 (collectively the “merger agreement”), by and among the Company, Helios Merger Co., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), Pineapple Energy LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Lake Street Solar LLC as the Members’ Representative, and Randall D. Sampson as the Shareholders’ Representative, pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Pineapple Energy, with Pineapple Energy surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “merger”). Following the closing of the merger (the “Closing”) the Company changed its name from Communications Systems, Inc. to Pineapple Holdings, Inc. and commenced doing business using the Pineapple name, and subsequently, on April 13, 2022, changed its name to Pineapple Energy Inc.
On November 14, 2024, the Company filed articles of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Minnesota and filed a certificate of conversion with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware changing its jurisdiction of incorporation from Minnesota to Delaware (the “Reincorporation”), as well as having filed a Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on this same date. In addition to the Reincorporation, the Company effectuated a change to its name from Pineapple Energy Inc. to SUNation Energy, Inc. (the “Name Change”) and a change to its stock trading symbol from PEGY to SUNE, which Name Change and stock symbol change was effective November 19, 2024.
SUNation Energy’s vision is to power the energy transition through grass-roots growth of solar electricity paired with battery storage. The Company is a domestic operator and consolidator of residential solar, battery storage, and grid services solutions. Our strategy is focused on acquiring, integrating, and growing leading local and regional solar, storage, and energy services companies nationwide.
Our current business units, Hawaii Energy Connection, LLC (“HEC”), and New York-based subsidiaries, the SUNation entities (collectively, “SUNation”). are engaged in the design, installation, and maintenance of solar energy systems across residential, commercial, and municipal sectors. Our team specializes in providing tailored solar solutions that meet the specific energy needs of each client, ensuring both efficiency and sustainability. In addition to our core solar services, we also offer energy storage systems to optimize energy use and increase reliability. Our New York business unit further integrates a broader range of services, including residential roofing solutions, to ensure seamless solar installations and long-term durability. Additionally, we provide community solar services that allow groups of individuals, businesses, or organizations to share the benefits of a single solar array, making renewable energy accessible to more people in the community.
On June 30, 2023, the Company divested its legacy operations and operating assets through the sale of substantially all of the assets of its JDL Technologies, Inc. (“JDL”) and Ecessa Corporation (“Ecessa”) businesses. See Note 5, Discontinued Operations. As a result, unless otherwise noted, all information in this report on Form 10-K related to the JDL and Ecessa businesses are discussed and presented as discontinued operations and the Company reports its remaining business operations as continuing operations.
Reverse Stock Splits
June 2024 Reverse Stock Split
On January 3, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio within a range of 1-for-2 and 1-for-15 and granted the Company’s board of directors the discretion to determine the timing and ratio of the split within such range.
On May 28, 2024, the Company’s board of directors determined to effect the reverse stock split of the common stock at a 1-for-15 ratio (the “June Reverse Stock Split”) and approved an amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company to effect the June Reverse Stock Split.
Effective June 12, 2024, the Company amended its Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to implement the June Reverse Stock Split. The Company's common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis when the market opened on June 12, 2024 (the "June Effective Date").
As a result of the June Reverse Stock Split, on the June Effective Date, every 15 shares of common stock then issued and outstanding automatically were combined into one share of common stock, with no change in par value per share. No fractional shares were outstanding following the June Reverse Stock Split, and any fractional shares that would have resulted from the June Reverse Stock Split were settled in cash. The number of shares of common stock outstanding was reduced from 108,546,773 to 7,235,731, with 720.901 fractional shares paid out in cash totaling $1,132. The total number of shares authorized for issuance was reduced to 7,500,000 in proportion to the June Reverse Stock Split ratio.
‎
October 2024 Reverse Stock Split
On July 19, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio within a range of 1-for-2 and 1-for-200 and granted the Company’s board of directors the discretion to determine the timing and ratio of the split within such range. Additionally, the shareholders also approved an increase in authorized shares to 133,333,333 shares.
On October 1, 2024, the Company’s board of directors determined to effect the reverse stock split of the common stock at a 1-for-50 ratio (the “October Reverse Stock Split”) and approved an amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company to effect the October Reverse Stock Split.
Effective October 17, 2024, the Company amended its Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to implement the October Reverse Stock Split. The Company's common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis when the market opened on October 17, 2024 (the "October Effective Date").
As a result of the October Reverse Stock Split, on the October Effective Date, every 50 shares of common stock then issued and outstanding automatically were combined into one share of common stock, with no change in par value per share. No fractional shares were outstanding following the Reverse Stock Split, and any fractional shares that would have resulted from the October Reverse Stock Split were settled in cash. The number of shares of common stock outstanding was reduced from 67,260,696 to 1,344,841, with 372.92 fractional shares payable in cash totaling $1,891. The total number of shares authorized for issuance was reduced from 133,333,333 to 2,666,667 in proportion to the October Reverse Stock Split ratio. The number of shares authorized for issuance was later increased to 25,000,000 as a result of the Reincorporation.
Effective as of the same time as the June 2024 Reverse Stock Split and October 2024 Reverse Stock Split (collectively known as the “Reverse Stock Splits”), the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plans were automatically reduced in proportion to the Reverse Stock Splits ratio. Upon effectiveness, the Reverse Stock Splits also resulted in reductions in the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise or vesting of equity awards in proportion to the Reverse Stock Splits ratios and caused a proportionate increase in exercise price or share-based performance criteria, if any, applicable to such awards.
The effects of the Reverse Stock Splits have been reflected the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
Impact of the Reverse Stock Splits
The impact of the Reverse Stock Splits was applied retroactively for all periods presented in accordance with applicable guidance. Therefore, prior period amounts are different than those previously reported.
The following table illustrates changes in common stock (in number of shares and dollar amount) and additional paid-in-capital, as previously reported prior to, and as adjusted subsequent to, the impact of the Reverse Stock Splits retroactively adjusted for the periods presented:
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2023
As Previously Reported
Impact of Reverse Stock Split
As Adjusted
As Previously Reported
Impact of Reverse Stock Split
As Adjusted
Common Stock shares
9,915,586
(9,902,365)
13,221
10,246,605
(10,232,942)
13,663
Common Stock amount
$
495,779
$
(495,118)
$
$
512,330
$
(511,647)
$
Additional Paid-in-Capital
$
45,798,069
$
495,118
$
46,293,187
$
46,977,870
$
511,647
$
47,489,517
The following table illustrates changes in loss per share and weighted average shares outstanding, as previously reported prior to, and as adjusted subsequent to, the impact of the Reverse Stock Splits retroactively adjusted for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31, 2023
As Previously Reported
Impact of Reverse Stock Split
As Adjusted
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted
10,035,970
(10,022,672)
13,298
Loss per share from continuing operations - basic and diluted
$
(0.69)
$
(521.20)
$
(521.89)
Loss per share from discontinued operations - basic and diluted
$
(0.12)
$
(89.54)
$
(89.66)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The presentation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company uses estimates based on the best information available in recording transactions and balances resulting from operations. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. The Company’s estimates consist principally of allowances for credit losses, revenue recognition on commercial projects based on percentage of completion, asset impairment evaluations, accruals for compensation plans, lower of cost or market inventory adjustments, fair value measurements (warrant liabilities, contingent value rights, contingent consideration, and debt instruments, including embedded derivative liabilities), provisions for income taxes and deferred taxes, depreciable lives of fixed assets, and amortizable lives of intangible assets.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company may invest in short-term money market funds that are not considered to be bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (“FDIC”) or other government agency. These money market funds seek to preserve the value of the investment at $1.00 per share; however, it is possible to lose money investing in these funds. The $312,080 of restricted cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 are funds that can only be used to support the legacy CSI business, will be distributed to holders of the Company’s contingent value rights (“CVRs”) and cannot be used to support the working capital needs of the SUNation Energy business.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable are recorded at their net realizable value and are not collateralized. Accounts receivable include amounts earned less payments received and allowances for credit losses. Management continually monitors and adjusts its allowances associated with the Company’s receivables to address any credit risks associated with the accounts receivable and periodically writes off receivables when collection is not considered probable. The Company does not charge interest on past due accounts. When uncertainty exists as to the collection of receivables, the Company records an allowance for credit losses and a corresponding charge to credit loss expense. The prior year provision for credit losses and write-off for uncollectible amounts included approximately $949,000 in receivables related to JDL that were not included in the sale of assets and were deemed uncollectible during the fourth quarter of 2023. The provision for credit losses is recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses. The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31
Beginning balance
$
94,085
$
108,636
Provision for credit losses
153,088
1,069,196
Write off of uncollectible amounts
(6,356)
(1,083,747)
Recoveries
-
-
Ending balance
$
240,817
$
94,085
Inventories, Net
Inventories, which consist primarily of materials and supplies used in the installation of solar systems, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with costs computed on a weighted average cost basis. The Company periodically reviews its inventories for excess and obsolete items and adjusts carrying costs to estimated net realizable values when they are determined to be less than cost. The inventory reserve was $226,439 and $126,990 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Depreciation included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses for continuing operations was $316,332 and $397,943 for 2024 and 2023, respectively. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations and additions or improvements are capitalized. Items of property sold, retired or otherwise disposed of are removed from the asset and accumulated depreciation accounts and any gains or losses on disposal are reflected in the statements of operations.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the amount by which the purchase prices (including liabilities assumed) of acquired businesses exceed the estimated fair value of the net tangible assets and separately identifiable intangible assets of these businesses. Definite lived intangible assets, consisting primarily of trade names, technology, and backlog are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually for impairment. The Company reassesses the value of our reporting units and related goodwill balances annually on October 1 and at other times if events have occurred or circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company recognized an impairment loss of $3,101,981 related to the goodwill of its HEC segment during the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 8, Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further information.
Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets and definite lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. If indicators of impairment exist, management identifies the asset group that includes the potentially impaired long-lived asset, at the lowest level at which there are separate, identifiable cash flows. If the fair value, determined as the total of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows for the asset group is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of the asset. The Company recognized a loss of $750,000 related to the technology intangible asset within the HEC segment during the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 8, Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further information.
Mezzanine Equity
The Company has issued various financial instruments, including preferred stock. Instruments containing redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control are classified as redeemable or mezzanine equity. The purpose of this classification is to convey that such a security may not be permanently part of equity and could result in a demand for cash, securities or other assets of the entity in the future. See Note 12, Equity, for further discussion regarding the reclassification of the Company’s Convertible Preferred Stock from permanent equity to mezzanine equity during the first quarter of 2024 and the reclassification from mezzanine equity to permanent equity in the third quarter of 2024.
Warrants
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance, ASC 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” Management’s assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, whether they meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815. See Note 12, Equity, for further discussion regarding the reclassification of the Company’s PIPE Warrants from equity to liabilities during the first quarter of 2024 and the reclassification from liabilities to equity in the third quarter of 2024.
For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, such warrants are required to be recorded as a liability initially at their fair value on the date of issuance, and subsequently remeasured to fair value on each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified warrants are recognized in other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when there is a transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company sells solar power systems under construction and development agreements to residential and commercial customers. The completed system is sold as a single performance obligation. For residential contracts, revenue is recognized at the point-in-time when the systems are placed into service. Any advance payments received in the form of customer deposits are recorded as contract liabilities.
Commercial contracts are generally completed within three to twelve months from commencement of construction. Construction on large projects may be completed within eighteen to twenty-four months, depending on the size and location of the project. Revenue from commercial contracts are recognized under a percentage of completion method, measured by the percentage of hours incurred to date against estimated total hours budgeted for each contract. Because of inherent uncertainties in estimating costs, it is at least reasonably possible that the estimates used will change within the near future. Contract costs include all direct material, labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor and other supplies. Selling, general and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability may result in revisions to costs and revenues which are recognized in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements, are accounted for as changes in estimates in the current period.
See Note 3, Revenue Recognition, for further discussion regarding revenue recognition.
Gross Excise Tax
The State of Hawaii imposes a gross receipts tax on all business operations done in Hawaii. The Company records the tax revenue and expense on a gross basis.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consist of direct and indirect material and labor costs for solar energy system installations as well as warranty costs, permitting fees, financing fees and overhead including costs related to procurement, warehousing and inventory management.
Employee Retirement Benefits
The Company has an Employee Savings Plan (401(k)) and matches a percentage of employee contributions up to six percent of compensation. Employer contributions to the plan in 2024 and 2023 were $303,878 and $140,652, respectively. Additionally, as part of the November 9, 2022 SUNation Acquisition, the Company also acquired the SUNation Solar Systems, Inc. 401(k) Plan. Employer contributions into this plan were $176,334 during 2023 until the plan was merged with the Employee Savings Plan on December 1, 2023.
Share Based Compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation awards on a fair value basis. The estimated grant date fair value of each stock-based award is recognized in the statement of operations over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
Warranty
SUNation warrants its products for various periods against defects in material or installation workmanship. The manufacturers of the solar panels and the inverters provide a warranty period of generally 25 years and 10 years, respectively. SUNation will assist its customers in the event that the manufacturers' warranty needs to be used to replace a defective solar panel or inverter. SUNation provides for warranty up to the lifetime of the system on the installation of a system and all equipment and incidental supplies other than solar panels and inverters that are recovered under the manufacturers' warranty. SUNation provides extended workmanship warranties to the customer for up to 25 years for the service of inverters, which is reimbursed by the manufacturer.
The Company estimates its warranty obligations upon installation, an expense included in cost of sales, based on management’s best estimate of the probable cost to be incurred in honoring its warranty commitment.
Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as they are incurred. Advertising expense was $746,805 and $946,379 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding the method to allocate resources and assess performance. Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is a committee comprised of our chief executive officer, chief operating officer and chief financial officer. Based on the financial information presented to and reviewed by our CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance, we have determined we have two operating and reportable segments. See Note 14, Segment Information, for further discussion.
Concentrations of Risk
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The associated risk of concentration for cash is mitigated by banking with institutions with high credit ratings. At certain times amounts on deposit exceed FDIC insurance limits. The Company has limited credit risk in accounts receivable as most contracts are paid through outside customer financing. The Company is not dependent on any single customer and the loss of any customer would not adversely impact the Company’s operating results or financial position. The Company depends on a limited number of suppliers for its solar panels and other system components. During the years ended
December 31, 2024 and 2023, the top five suppliers collectively accounted for approximately 41% and 53% of the Company’s total accounts payables, respectively.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss attributable to common shareholders per common share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net loss attributable to common shareholders per common share adjusts for the dilutive effect of potential common shares outstanding. The Company had $11,587,121 in deemed dividends during the year ended December 31, 2024, which decreases the numerator in the net loss per share calculation. The Company’s only potential additional common shares outstanding are common shares that would result from the conversion of the convertible preferred shares, warrants, convertible debt and shares associated with the long-term incentive compensation plans, which resulted in no dilutive effect for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company calculates the dilutive effect of outstanding options, warrants and unvested shares using the treasury stock method and the dilutive effect of outstanding preferred shares using the if-converted method. There were no options or deferred stock awards excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because there were no outstanding options or deferred stock awards as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023. Warrants totaling 0 and 6,902 and restricted stock units totaling 297 and 1,047 would have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, even if there had not been a net loss in those periods, because the exercise price was greater than the average market price of common stock during the period.
Accounting Standards Issued
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative,” which is intended to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of topics. Many of the amendments will allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements and align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard codification with the SEC’s regulations. The amendments in ASU 2023-06 will become effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC, and will no longer be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU and the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. This ASU is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU and the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, which requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU and the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” which clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual report periods. Early adoption is permitted for all entities that have adopted the amendments in ASU Update 2020-06. Adoption can be on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU and the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which expands disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and requires more enhanced information about a reportable segment’s expenses, interim segment profit or loss, and how a public entity’s chief operating decision maker uses reported segment profit or loss information in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. This ASU is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU effective December 31, 2024. See further discussion within Note 14, Segment Information.
NOTE 3 - REVENUE RECOGNITION
Disaggregation of revenue
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that best reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
The following table disaggregates revenue based on type for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Revenue by Type
SUNation
HEC
Residential contracts
$
30,715,255
$
39,326,408
$
15,984,618
$
24,855,946
Commercial contracts
6,700,469
9,903,437
429,259
1,380,466
Service revenue
2,317,638
3,133,865
714,514
673,544
Software revenue
-
-
-
347,550
Other
-
-
-
11,493
$
39,733,362
$
52,363,710
$
17,128,391
$
27,268,999
The following table disaggregates revenue based on the timing of satisfaction of the performance obligations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
SUNation
HEC
Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time
$
33,032,893
$
42,460,273
$
16,699,132
$
25,888,533
Performance obligations satisfied over time
6,700,469
9,903,437
429,259
1,380,466
$
39,733,362
$
52,363,710
$
17,128,391
$
27,268,999
Contract Balances
Contract assets represent costs and earnings in excess of amounts billed and direct costs, including commissions, financing and permitting fees paid prior to recording revenue. Contract liabilities represent amounts billed to clients in excess of revenue recognized to date and billings in excess of costs and earnings. Contract assets were $560,648 and $57,241 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Contract liabilities were $2,314,483 and $2,552,452 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Due to the shorter-term nature of our contracts, the balances within contract assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 has been recognized within cash and revenue, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2024.
NOTE 4 - CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
Billings to date
$
3,055,354
$
2,131,579
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts
1,120,213
1,208,444
Estimated earnings
1,490,831
483,046
Cost plus estimated earnings
2,611,044
1,691,490
Billings in excess of costs plus estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts
$
444,310
$
440,089
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts
$
1,233,151
$
119,782
Estimated earnings
1,219,234
396,174
2,452,385
515,956
Billings to date
1,891,737
458,715
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
$
560,648
$
57,241
NOTE 5 - LEASES
The Company recognizes assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases that extend more than twelve months from the date of the balance sheet. Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, while lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of a lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Because the rate implicit in each individual lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments.
In 2022, the Company entered into operating leases for two office locations, including one in Hawaii in April 2022 and one in New York in November 2022 upon the acquisition of SUNation. In 2022, the Company had also entered into an operating lease for its corporate offices in Minnesota that commenced on January 1, 2023. In March 2023, the Company entered into an operating lease for an additional office location in Florida.
Effective September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a lease termination agreement with our Minnesota office landlord, pursuant to which the Company will pay a termination fee totaling $189,000 to be paid at $13,500 per month for a period of fourteen (14) months from entry into this lease termination, as well as the Company waiving its right to its original security deposit provided at entry into the original lease in the amount of $35,434. The lease termination resulted is a decrease to the Company’s operating lease right of uses assets totaling $415,674 and operating lease liabilities totaling $424,694, which along with the termination fee and write off the security deposit resulted in a loss on the termination of the lease totaling $215,415 recorded in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2024. The $148,500 remaining liability for the termination fee is recorded within other accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2024.
These remaining leases have remaining lease terms of 2 to 11 years. One lease includes a 3% rent adjustment on each anniversary of the lease, another includes a fixed annual rent adjustment of $6,840, and the other a 4% annual rent adjustment. As of December 31, 2024, total ROU assets and operating lease liabilities were $3,686,747 and $3,793,483, respectively. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $696,141 and $718,441 in lease expense, respectively.
Information related to the Company’s ROU assets and related lease liabilities were as follows:
Year Ended December 31
Cash paid for operating leases
$
651,531
$
662,561
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations
$
-
$
753,972
As of December 31
Weighted-average remaining lease term
9.4 years
9.6 years
Weighted-average discount rate
6.8%
7.0%
Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:
$
556,623
526,557
515,801
525,127
534,527
Thereafter
2,516,013
Total lease payments
5,174,648
Less imputed interest
(1,381,165)
Total operating lease liabilities
$
3,793,483
NOTE 6 - DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On June 30, 2023, the Company sold substantially all of the assets of its legacy non-core subsidiaries, JDL and Ecessa, to TheIPGuys.net LLC doing business as OneNet Global for total net proceeds of $1,231,616. The Company received net initial proceeds of $1,106,616, consisting of $1,175,000 in initial consideration less $68,384 in adjustments. An additional $125,000 in consideration previously held in escrow was paid in 2024. The Company recorded a loss on sale of $1,190,002 during the second quarter of 2023. The presentation of discontinued operations with respect to this transaction has been retrospectively applied to all prior periods presented.
The financial results of the discontinued operations are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
Sales
$
-
$
3,414,810
Cost of sales
-
2,444,014
Selling, general and administrative expenses
-
916,911
Amortization expense
-
-
Transaction costs
-
14,426
Goodwill impairment loss
-
-
Restructuring expenses
-
56,717
Loss on sale of assets
-
1,190,002
Operating loss before income taxes
-
(1,207,260)
Income tax (benefit) expense
-
(14,985)
Net loss from discontinued operations
$
-
$
(1,192,275)
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $56,717 in restructuring expenses, which consisted of severance and related benefits costs. The Company paid $56,717 in restructuring charges in 2023 and had no restructuring accruals recorded at December 31, 2023.
NOTE 7 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment and the estimated useful lives are as follows:
Estimated
December 31
useful life
Leasehold improvements
3-12 years
741,650
751,025
Machinery and equipment
3-15 years
1,229,921
1,182,664
Furniture and fixtures
3-10 years
66,289
93,013
2,037,860
2,026,702
Less accumulated depreciation
(798,962)
(514,824)
$
1,238,898
$
1,511,878
NOTE 8 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The Company reassesses the value of our reporting units and related goodwill balances annually on October 1 and at other times if events have occurred or circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. As of October 1, 2024, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and concluded that the fair value of our reporting units exceeded its carrying value. However, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we performed an interim quantitative assessment as of December 31, 2024 related to the recoverability of our goodwill for our two reporting units as a result of a material decline in our stock price and forecasted revenues and operating results.
The Company estimated the fair value of the reporting units using an equally weighted combination of an income approach and market approach. Under the income approach, the Company discounted the estimated future cash flows of each reporting unit using a rate of return commensurate with the reporting unit’s risk. Under the market approach, the Company utilized the Guideline Public Company Method based on market revenue multiples of comparable publicly traded companies. The Company concluded that the fair value of the HEC reporting unit did not exceed its carrying value as of December 31, 2024 and recorded an impairment loss of $3,101,981 in its consolidated statement of operations.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 by reporting unit are as follows:
HEC
SUNation
Total
December 31, 2023
$
9,829,212
$
10,716,638
$
20,545,850
Goodwill impairment loss
(3,101,981)
-
(3,101,981)
December 31, 2024
$
6,727,231
$
10,716,638
$
17,443,869
Gross goodwill
9,829,212
10,716,638
20,545,850
Accumulated impairment loss
(3,101,981)
-
(3,101,981)
Balance at December 31, 2024
$
6,727,231
$
10,716,638
$
17,443,869
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company performed an impairment test for the asset group associated with the developed technology intangible asset. The test included comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flow attributable to this asset and its carrying amounts, and recognizing an impairment for the amount to which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset. The Company recognized an impairment charge of $750,000 on its developed technology intangible asset as the Company determined in the fourth quarter of 2024 as this asset is no longer relevant for the Company’s continued and future operations.
‎
The Company’s policy is to remove intangible assets once they are fully amortized. The Company’s identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are being amortized over their estimated useful lives and were as follows:
December 31, 2024
Estimated Useful Life
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Impairment Loss
Net
Tradenames & trademarks
8 years
$
17,900,000
$
(5,679,167)
$
-
$
12,220,833
Developed technology
4 years
2,400,000
(1,650,000)
(750,000)
-
$
20,300,000
$
(7,329,167)
$
(750,000)
$
12,220,833
December 31, 2023
Estimated Useful Life
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Impairment Loss
Net
Tradenames & trademarks
3-8 years
$
22,187,882
$
(7,729,549)
$
-
$
14,458,333
Developed technology
4 years
2,400,000
(1,050,000)
-
1,350,000
Backlog
1 year
600,000
(600,000)
-
-
$
25,187,882
$
(9,379,549)
$
-
$
15,808,333
Amortization expense on these identifiable intangible assets was $2,837,500 and $4,738,477 in 2024 and 2023, respectively. The weighted average remaining useful life at December 31, 2024 was 5.5 years. The estimated future amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets during the next five fiscal years is as follows:
Year Ending December 31:
$
2,237,500
2,237,500
2,237,500
2,237,500
2,237,500
Thereafter
1,033,333
Total
$
12,220,833
NOTE 9 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Loan Payable
Pineapple Energy LLC has a loan in an original amount of $7,500,000 payable to Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”) under a loan and security agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”). This loan accrues interest at 10%, payable-in-kind (“PIK”) and was initially due and payable on December 10, 2023. There are no financial covenants associated with this loan. This loan was used to acquire fixed assets, inventory, and intangible assets of Sungevity in an asset acquisition in December 2020. As the transaction did not involve the exchange of monetary consideration, the assets were valued at the Company’s most reliable indication of fair value, which was debt issued in consideration for the assets. Accordingly, Pineapple Energy assessed the fair market value of the debt instrument at $4,768,000 at the asset acquisition date (a non-recurring Level 3 fair value input). The Company initially accreted the value of the debt over its life at a discount rate of approximately 25%.
On December 16, 2021, the Term Loan Agreement was amended, whereby the maturity date was extended to December 31, 2024, subject to various prepayment criteria. In addition, the amendment provided that $4,500,000 plus all accrued and unpaid interest and expenses were to be repaid upon closing of the merger and receipt of the PIPE funds, with the remaining principal to be paid upon the loan maturity date. The amendment represented a modification to the loan agreement with the existing lender as both the original loan agreement and the amendment allow for immediate prepayment and the Company passed the cash flow test.
On May 31, 2023, the Term Loan Agreement was further amended (the “Second Amendment”), primarily for the purpose of obtaining consent for the senior financing from Decathlon Specialty Finance, LLC (the “Decathlon Financing”), the proceeds of which were partially applied to repay $1,500,000 of the principal amount of the Hercules Term Loan. At the time of the Second Amendment and prior to the repayment, the aggregate remaining balance of the Term Loan, including principal and interest, was $3,375,742. The Second Amendment also extended the maturity date of the Term Loan to June 2, 2027 and set the interest rate at ten percent (10.0%) payable monthly and removing the PIK interest. The aggregate remaining principal balance of $1,875,742 along with interest is payable in equal monthly installments of principal and interest beginning on July 3, 2023 and continuing on the first business day of each month thereafter. The Second Amendment represented a modification under ASC 470-50 as the original loan agreement and the amended agreement are not substantially different.
On July 22, 2024, the Term Loan Agreement was further amended (the “Third Amendment”), primarily for the purpose of obtaining consent for the bridge loan financing from Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings LLC and MBB Energy, LLC. The Third Amendment represented a modification under ASC 470-50 as the original loan agreement and the amended agreement were not substantially different. The Company also entered into a Joinder and Amendment to Subordination Agreement (the “Joinder Agreement”) with Decathlon, Hercules Capital, Inc., Conduit and MBB. Pursuant thereto, Conduit and MBB became parties to the Subordination Agreement dated June 21, 2023, among the Company, Decathlon, and Hercules Capital, Inc. In accordance with the Joinder Agreement, Conduit and MBB agreed to subordinate their respective security interests in the Company’s assets, to the first priority security interest of Decathlon and the second security priority interest of Hercules.
On September 20, 2024, the Term Loan Agreement was further amended (the “Fourth Amendment”), whereby Hercules waived the October 2024 amortization payment. The Company made payment of monthly interest on October 1, 2024 and resumed making monthly payment of principal on November 1, 2024 pursuant to the loan agreement. The Fourth Amendment represented a modification as both the original loan agreement and the amendment are not substantially different.
On March 3, 2025, the Company repaid the remaining balance of this loan in full. See further discussion within Note 17, Subsequent Events.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the combined loan and accrued interest balance was $680,513 and $497,052, respectively. A new effective interest rate of approximately 48.6% was established during the second quarter of 2023 based on the carrying value of the revised cash flows.
Interest and accretion expense was $721,061 and $853,809 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively. The loan is collateralized by all of Pineapple Energy LLC’s personal property and assets.
SUNation Short-Term and Long-Term Notes
In connection with the SUNation acquisition, on November 9, 2022, the Company issued a $5,000,000 Short-Term Limited Recourse Secured Promissory Note (the “Short-Term Note”) and a $5,486,000 Long-Term Promissory Note (the “Long-Term Note”). The $5,000,000 Short-Term Note was secured by a pledge by the Company and Merger Sub of the equity of SUNation purchased under the Transaction Agreement and was scheduled to mature on August 9, 2023. It carried an annual interest rate of 4% until the three-month anniversary of issuance, 8% thereafter until the six-month anniversary of issuance, then 12% thereafter until the Short-Term Note was paid in full. On June 1, 2023 the Company used funds from the Decathlon Financing to repay the Short-Term Note in full. The repayment of Short-Term Note has been recorded as a debt extinguishment as the Company is relieved of its obligation under the Short-Term Note and the related pledge by the Company of the equity of SUNation to secure the repayment of the Short-Term Note has been terminated. Since the Short-Term Note was with a related party, the Company recorded a capital contribution of $36,291 based on the difference between the carrying amount and reacquisition price of the Short-Term Note.
The $5,486,000 Long-Term Note is unsecured and matures on November 9, 2025. It carries an annual interest rate of 4% until the first anniversary of issuance, then 8% thereafter until the Long-Term Note is paid in full. Interest is due annually on each December 31st. The Company was unable to make the second and third interest payments totaling $250,703 and $460,194 due on December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The Company was required to make a principal payment of $2,740,000 on November 9, 2024. The Company is not permitted to make any payments under the Long-Term Note unless Decathlon (defined below) has provided prior written consent to such payment pursuant to the Loan Agreement. Pursuant to that certain subordination letter dated May 31, 2023, each holder of the Long-Term Note has subordinated all payments under the Long-Term Note to the obligations owed to Decathlon under the Loan Agreement (the “Decathlon Obligations”) and has agreed that, until the Decathlon Obligations have been paid in full, any payment under the Long-Term Note is subject to Decathlon’s prior written consent. As the debt was part of the SUNation purchase price allocation, the Company assessed the fair market value of the debt instrument at $4,830,533 at the asset acquisition date (a non-recurring Level 3 fair value input). The Company accretes the value of the debt over its life at a discount rate of approximately 11.2%. The Long-Term Note may be prepaid at the Company’s option at any time without penalty.
On March 13, 2025, the Company paid the aforementioned unpaid interest totaling $710,897. See further discussion within Note 14, Subsequent Events.
The balance of the Long-Term Note recorded at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $6,076,978 and $5,499,716, respectively. Interest and accretion expense related to the notes totaled $577,262 and $779,489 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Decathlon Fixed Loan
On June 1, 2023, the Company entered into a Revenue Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Decathlon Specialty Finance, LLC (“Decathlon”). The Loan Agreement provides for a loan facility for the Company in the maximum amount of $7.5 million with a maturity date of June 1, 2027 (the “Decathlon Fixed Loan”), with the full amount being advanced to the Company upon execution of the Loan Agreement. The Decathlon Fixed Loan contains customary conditions, representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, mandatory prepayment provisions and events of default. The advances are secured by all present and hereafter acquired property of the Company.
At issuance of the Loan Agreement, the Company concluded that the potential acceleration of amounts outstanding under the Loan Agreement upon an event of default included a substantial premium and met the requirement to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative liability at fair value at inception and at the end of each quarterly reporting period. However, based on management’s estimates of the likelihood of certain events, the embedded derivative liability had no fair value at issuance and at the end of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of this embedded derivative liability was estimated to be $24,800 and was recorded within current liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a loss
of $24,800 from the change in fair value of the derivative liability, which is included in Other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Decathlon Fixed Loan is repayable in fixed monthly payments, which generally aggregate to $960,000 that was paid in 2023, $2,220,000 payable in 2024, $2,580,000 payable in 2025, $2,760,000 payable in 2026 and $3,480,000 payable in 2027 to the maturity date. All outstanding advances and interest under the Loan Agreement are due at maturity on June 1, 2027 (unless accelerated upon a change of control or the occurrence of other events of default). Interest accrues on the amounts advanced pursuant to the Loan Agreement at such rate as is necessary to generate an amount equal to the Minimum Interest, which is defined in the Loan Agreement as the following multiple of the advanced amount depending on the period during which all amounts due under the Loan Agreement are paid: (i) 0.25 times if on or before 12 months after the Effective Date; (ii) 0.35 times if after 12 months and on or before 24 months after the Effective Date; (iii) 0.50 times if after 24 months and on or before 36 months after the Effective Date; and 0.60 times if after 36 months after the Effective Date. The Company may at its option prepay the advance(s) and accrued but unpaid interest from time to time without penalty or premium (other than payment of the Minimum Interest).
On March 3, 2025, the Company repaid the remaining balance of this loan in full. See further discussion within Note 17, Subsequent Events.
The Company incurred an aggregate of $348,065 in debt issuance costs that are recorded as a discount and are amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the Decathlon Fixed Loan using an effective interest rate of 21%. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the combined loan and accrued interest balance was $6,586,325 and $7,408,925, respectively, and the unamortized debt issuance costs balance was $173,193 and $280,856, respectively. The Company recorded interest expense of $1,505,063 and $936,135 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Conduit Capital Bridge Loan
On July 22, 2024, the Company obtained bridge loan financing for working capital purposes from Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings LLC (“Conduit”), an unaffiliated lender (the “Original Conduit Note”). On such date, Conduit loaned the principal sum of $500,000 to the Company on an original issue (“OID”) basis of 20% and accordingly, Conduit advanced $400,000 to the Company (the “Initial Conduit Loan”). The loans due to Conduit will accrue interest on the unpaid principal amount, without deduction for the OID, at an annual rate of 20%; provided that payment in full on the Conduit Maturity Date (as defined below) satisfies the interest accrual on the loans from initial issuance to the Conduit Maturity Date. The Initial Conduit Loan provided the Company with an option to request from Conduit additional advances for working capital on identical terms, conditions and interest rate as the Initial Conduit Loan on an OID basis, up to an aggregate principal sum of $500,000, and Conduit shall have the right, without commitment or obligation, to make such requested loan(s) by advancing 80% percent of the principal thereof. All such loans are secured by a pledge of all of the Company’s assets. As a condition to such loan(s), the Company agreed to cause the nomination of a designee of Conduit for election to its Board of Directors.
The loans due to Conduit will become due on July 21, 2025 (the “Conduit Maturity Date”). In accordance with the terms of the loan agreements with Conduit, if the Company consummates one or more equity offerings prior to the Conduit Maturity Date in which it derives aggregate gross proceeds of at least $3.15 million, it will be required to repay the unpaid principal balance of the Initial Conduit Loan, including the OID, simultaneous with the closing(s) of such offering(s). Further, if the Company consummates one or more equity offerings prior to the Conduit Maturity Date in which it derives aggregate gross proceeds of at least $4.4 million, the Company will be required to repay the entire unpaid principal amount of all loans due to Conduit, including the OID, simultaneous with the closing(s) of such offering(s).
At issuance of the Original Conduit Note, the Company concluded that the potential acceleration of amounts outstanding under the loan agreements with Conduit upon an event of default or if the Company consummates one or more equity offerings meeting certain criteria (as noted above) included a substantial premium and met the requirement to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative liability at fair value at inception and revalued at the end of each quarterly reporting period. The Company determined the initial fair value of this embedded derivative liability to be $8,080 and recorded a corresponding debt discount. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of this embedded derivative liability was estimated to be $28,360 and was recorded within current liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a loss of $19,776 from the change in fair value of the derivative liability, which is included in “Other (expense) income, net" in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company incurred $18,150 in debt issuance costs in connection with the Initial Conduit Loan that were recorded as a discount and initially amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the Initial Conduit Loan along with the OID of $100,000 and initial fair value of the embedded derivative liability using an effective interest rate of approximately 29.1%.
On September 9, 2024, the Company and Conduit entered into an Amended and Restated Convertible Secured Note (the “First Amended Conduit Note”) which amended the Original Conduit Note, which provided for an additional principal advance of $120,000 (the “Second Conduit Advance”). The First Amended Conduit Note also provides that Conduit may convert all or any portion of the Second Conduit Advance and all accrued but unpaid interest thereon into a number of shares (the “Conduit Note Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s common stock calculated as the total dollar amount to be converted divided by $22.50 ($0.45 prior to the Reverse Stock Splits) (the “Conversion Price”). The Company analyzed the changes made in the First Amended Conduit Note under ASC 470-50 to determine if extinguishment accounting was applicable. Under ASC 470-50-40-10, a modification or an exchange that adds or eliminates a substantive conversion option as of the conversion date is always considered substantial and requires extinguishment accounting. Since the First Amended Conduit Note added a substantive conversion option, extinguishment accounting is applicable. In accordance with the extinguishment accounting guidance, the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of $35,657 which represents the difference between (a) the fair value of the modified loans due to Conduit less the net cash proceeds received from the Second Conduit Advance and (b) the carrying amount of the loans due to Conduit immediately prior to the Second Conduit Advance.
On September 23, 2024, the Company and Conduit entered into a further amended and restated convertible secured credit note (the “Second Amended Conduit Note”), which amends and restates the First Amended Conduit Note. Under the terms of the Second Amended Conduit Note, Conduit loaned an additional principal sum of $380,000 to the Company (the “Third Conduit Advance”) on an OID basis of 20%. Additionally, pursuant to the Second Amended Conduit Note, Conduit was granted a demand registration right, which is in addition to the piggyback registration rights set forth in the First Amended Conduit Note, which registration rights are inclusive of all convertible shares issuable for the Second Conduit Advance and Third Conduit Advance, if converted; however, all out of pocket costs and expenses incurred in connection with this demand registration right shall borne by Conduit. The Third Conduit Advance, together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon, are convertible into shares of common stock at the Conversion Price. The Second Amended Conduit Note represented a modification under ASC 470-50 as the First Amended Conduit Note and the Second Amended Conduit Note are not substantially different. A new effective interest rate of approximately 22.9% was established following the Third Conduit Advance based on the carrying value of the revised cash flows.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary as set forth in the Conduit Note or any tranche or amendment related thereto, in no event shall the OID, together with interest payable under the Conduit Note or such other documents related thereto, exceed an aggregate of twenty percent on the then outstanding principal sum, except in the event of a default, which shall include an additional 5% on the then outstanding principal sum.
On February 28, 2025, the Company paid the $1,000,000 total loan balance to Conduit as the Company had gross proceeds from equity offerings in excess of $4.4 million. See further discussion in Note 17, Subsequent Events.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the loan balance was $1,000,000 and $0, respectively, and the unamortized debt issuance costs balance was $119,389 and $0, respectively. The Company recorded interest and accretion expense of $73,689 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
MBB Energy Bridge Loan
On July 22, 2024, the Company obtained bridge loan financing for working capital purposes from MBB Energy, LLC (“MBB”), an affiliate and related party of the Company (the “Original MBB Note”). On such date, MBB loaned the principal sum of $500,000 to the Company on an OID basis of 20% and accordingly, MBB advanced the sum of $400,000 to the Company (the “Initial MBB Loan”). The loans due to MBB will accrue interest on the unpaid principal amount, without deduction for the OID, at an annual rate of 20%; provided that payment in full on the MBB Maturity Date (as defined below) satisfies the interest accrual on the loans from initial issuance to the MBB Maturity Date. The Company may request that MBB provide additional advances for working capital on identical terms, conditions and interest rate as the Initial MBB Loan on an OID basis, up to an aggregate principal sum of $500,000, and MBB shall have the right, without commitment or obligation, to make such requested loan(s) by advancing 80% percent of the principal thereof. All such loans are secured by a pledge of all of the Company’s assets. MBB has granted Conduit the exclusive right to enforce MBB’s loans on MBB’s behalf.
The loans due to MBB will become due on July 21, 2025 (the “MBB Maturity Date”). In accordance with the terms of the loan agreements with MBB, if the Company consummates one or more equity offerings prior to the MBB Maturity Date in which it derives aggregate gross proceeds of at least $3.15 million, it will be required to repay the unpaid principal balance of the Initial MBB Loan, including the OID, simultaneous with the closing(s) of such offering(s). Further, if the Company consummates one or more equity offerings prior to the MBB Maturity Date in which the Company derives aggregate gross proceeds of at least $4.4 million, the Company will be required to repay the entire unpaid principal amount of all loans due to MBB, including the OID, simultaneous with the closing(s) of such offering(s).
At issuance of the Original MBB Note, the Company concluded that the potential acceleration of amounts outstanding under the loan agreements with MBB upon an event of default or if the Company consummates one or more equity offerings meeting certain criteria (as noted above) included a substantial premium and met the requirement to be bifurcated and recorded as a derivative liability at fair value at inception and at the end of each quarterly reporting period. The Company determined the initial fair value of this embedded derivative liability to be $8,080 and recorded a corresponding debt discount. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of this embedded derivative liability was estimated to be $29,121 and was recorded within current liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a loss of $21,041 from the change in fair value of the derivative liability, which is included in “Other (expense) income, net" in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The OID of $100,000 was recorded as a discount and initially amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the Initial MBB Loan along with the initial fair value of the embedded derivative liability using an effective interest rate of approximately 24.3%.
On August 16, 2024, MBB provided an additional principal advance of $500,000 (the “Second MBB Advance”). The Second MBB Advance represented a modification under ASC 470-50. A new effective interest rate of approximately 24.1% was established following the Second MBB Advance based on the carrying value of the revised cash flows.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary as set forth in the MBB Note or any tranche or amendment related thereto, in no event shall the OID, together with interest payable under the MBB Note or such other documents related thereto, exceed an aggregate of twenty percent on the then outstanding principal sum, except in the event of a default, which shall include an additional 5% on the then outstanding principal sum.
On February 28, 2025, the Company paid the $1,000,000 loan balance to MBB as the Company had gross proceeds from equity offerings in excess of $4.4 million. See further discussion in Note 17, Subsequent Events.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the loan balance was $1,000,000 and $0, respectively, and the unamortized debt issuance costs balance was $125,391 and $0, respectively. The Company recorded interest and accretion expense of $82,689 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Equipment Loans
The Company obtains various equipment loan agreements through SUNation. These loans are secured by machinery and equipment and expire at various dates through August 2029 with interest rates ranging from 4.5 to 9.7% per annum. The balance for the equipment loans recorded at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $238,266 and $333,717, respectively. Interest expense was $24,332 and $16,047 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Promissory Note
Through the SUNation Acquisition, the Company acquired a promissory note with a former shareholder and member of SUNation through a buyout agreement. The promissory note includes monthly payments of principal and interest at an annual rate of 3.25%. The promissory note matures on March 1, 2031. The balance for the promissory note recorded at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1,409,313 and $1,656,416, respectively. Interest expense was $50,174 and $58,030 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Future Minimum Principal Payments
Future minimum principal payments under the aforementioned loans and notes for the next five years as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:
$
9,691,455
2,776,929
3,877,665
318,935
305,149
Thereafter
46,014
The above table does not reflect the debt payoffs that took place subsequent to year end. See Note 17, Subsequent Events, for further discussion.
Other Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is exposed to legal actions and claims and incurs costs to defend against these actions and claims. Company management is not aware of any outstanding or pending legal actions or claims that could materially affect the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
We have accrued $1,300,000 for loss contingencies related to the PIPE Warrants that are payable in cash and stock in 2025. This liability is recorded within accrued loss contingencies in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024. See Note 17, Subsequent Events related to the satisfaction of the liability through the payment of cash and issuance of stock subsequent to December 31, 2024.
NOTE 10 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Related party receivables
The Company has provided advances to employees resulting in a balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $23,471 and $46,448, respectively.
Leases
The Company leases its offices in Hawaii from a company owned by the prior owner of HEC, of whom is still an employee. The Company leased its New York office from a company owned by the prior owners of SUNation, one of whom is an officer and another the Chief Executive Officer and director of the Company, until September 12, 2024, when the building and related lease was sold to a third-party. See further information regarding these leases within Note 5, Leases.
Debt
Th Company has outstanding related party debt under the SUNation Long-Term Note and MBB Bridge Loan. See further information regarding this debt within Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies.
NOTE 11 - SHARE BASED COMPENSATION
2022 Equity Incentive Plan
On January 24, 2022 the board of directors adopted, and on March 16, 2022 the Company’s shareholders approved, the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”), which became effective on March 28, 2022. The 2022 Plan authorizes incentive awards to officers, key employees, non-employee directors, and consultants in the form of options (incentive and non-qualified), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, stock unit awards, and other stock-based awards. Following amendments approved on December 7, 2022 and July 19, 2024, the 2022 Plan authorizes the issuance of up to 13,333 shares of common stock (10,000,000 prior to the Reverse Stock Splits). At December 31, 2024, 614 shares had been issued under the 2022 Plan, 237 shares were subject to currently outstanding unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and 12,482 shares were available for future awards. RSUs granted to employees generally vest over three years, with one-third vesting each year and RSUs granted to non-employee directors vest over one year.
Inducement Grants
On October 10, 2022, the board of directors approved an inducement grant of 110 RSUs in connection with the hiring of a new Chief Financial Officer. On November 6, 2022, the board of directors approved inducement grants totaling 179 RSUs in connection with the hiring of Senior Vice Presidents in connection with the SUNation Acquisition.
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the changes in the number of restricted stock units under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan and inducement awards over the period from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024:
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Shares
Fair Value
Outstanding - December 31, 2022
$
1,932.41
Granted
1,040.99
Vested
(379)
1,486.15
Forfeited
(36)
1,500.00
Outstanding - December 31, 2023
1,047
1,513.36
Granted
442.50
Vested
(391)
1,428.57
Forfeited
(527)
1,065.74
Outstanding - December 31, 2024
1,151.72
All RSUs and weighted average grant date fair value per share values have been adjusted to reflect the impact of the Reverse Stock Splits of the common stock at ratios of 1-for-50 that became effective on October 17, 2024 and 1-for-15 that became effective on June 12, 2024. See Note 1, "Nature of Operations," for further details. The grant date fair value is calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price as of the grant date.
Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense is recognized based on the fair value of awards granted over the vesting period of the award. Share-based compensation expense recognized for 2024 and 2023 was $29,002 and $1,212,956 respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding RSUs was $96,694 at December 31, 2024 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years. Share-based compensation expense is recorded as a part of selling, general and administrative expenses.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On December 7, 2022, the Company’s shareholders approved an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), pursuant to which eligible employees are able to acquire shares of common stock at a purchase price determined by the board of directors or compensation committee prior to the start of each six-month plan phase, which price may not be less than 85% of the fair market value of the lower of the value on the first day or the last day of the phase, or the value on the last day of the phase. The ESPP is considered compensatory under current Internal Revenue Service rules. At December 31, 2024, 400 shares remained available for purchase under the ESPP.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)
The Company has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan under Legacy CSI. Under the conditions of the merger, this plan has been suspended for future contributions. At December 31, 2024, the ESOP held no shares of the Company’s common stock as the plan is in the process of being terminated.
NOTE 12 - EQUITY
Series A Preferred Stock
In June 2021, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement to issue Series A Preferred Stock. The Company’s outstanding Series A Preferred Stock contained anti-dilution provisions that would increase the number of shares issuable upon conversion, and lower the conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock if the Company issues equity securities at a price less than the current conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock at the time of such issuance. In February 2024, the Company entered into a Limited Waiver and Amendment (“Waiver”) and the investors agreed to a floor of $105.00 ($0.14 prior to the Reverse Stock Splits) with respect to the adjustment set forth for the conversion price and to waive future anti-dilution protection with respect to 50% of the shares of Preferred Stock held by such purchasers as of the date of the Waiver.
The Company is required to analyze amendments to preferred stock terms to determine the appropriate method of accounting to be applied. The Company determined that the Waiver resulted in an extinguishment of the Series A Preferred Stock. As a result, the Series A Preferred Stock was revalued immediately after the Waiver in February 2024. The difference between the previous carrying amount and the fair value of $751,125 was recognized as a deemed dividend in the three months ended March 31, 2024 that reduced additional paid-in-capital (“APIC”) and income available to common shareholders in calculating earnings per share.
In addition, management evaluated the Series A Preferred Stock after the modifications and determined that they should be reclassified to mezzanine equity under ASC 480-10-S99 as a result of the Company not having sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle a conversion to Common Stock.
On July 19, 2024, the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (the “Articles of Incorporation”) to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock and as a result the Company had sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle a conversion to common stock. Accordingly, the Series A Preferred Stock was reclassified to permanent equity at the date of the event that caused the reclassification. See description of Series C Preferred Stock issued in exchange for the then outstanding Series A Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants.
On September 9, 2024, as a result of the issuance of the First Amended Conduit Note (see Note 9, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for further details), the adjustment provisions in the Series A Preferred Stock were triggered and caused certain adjustments in the currently effective conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock. The Company recognized the effect of the down round feature triggered on September 9, 2024 as the difference between: (1) the fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock using the pre-trigger conversion price, and (2) the fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock using the reduced conversion price. The value of the effect of the down round feature of $3,464,426 was recognized as a deemed dividend in the year ended December 31, 2024 that reduced APIC and income available to common shareholders in calculating earnings per share.
Warrants
In September 2021, the Company entered into transactions with holders of its outstanding Series A Preferred Stock to issue PIPE Warrants to purchase the Company's common stock. The Company’s outstanding PIPE Warrants have anti-dilution provisions that would increase the number of shares issuable upon exercise and lower the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants if the Company issues equity securities at a price less than the current exercise price of the PIPE Warrants at the time of such issuance. Pursuant to the Waiver, investors agreed to a floor of $22.50 ($0.14 prior to the Reverse Stock Splits) with respect to the anti-dilution adjustments in the warrants and extend the term of the warrants until March 28, 2029.
The PIPE Warrants were valued immediately before and immediately after the modifications to calculate the $10.6 million incremental value of the modified PIPE Warrants. The Company considered this incremental value to be a deemed dividend that reduced income available to common shareholders in calculating earnings per share.
Management evaluated the warrants after the modifications made in February 2024 and determined that they should be reclassified from equity to liability based on the guidance in ASC 815-40 and the Company failing to have enough authorized and unissued shares available to settle an exercise of the contract. In accordance with ASC 815-40, the carrying value of the warrants were adjusted to fair value through an adjustment in stockholders’ equity immediately prior to the reclassification. Subsequent to the reclassification, management remeasured the warrant liability to fair value and recorded the change in fair value to other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations.
On July 19, 2024, the shareholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock and as a result the Company had sufficient authorized and unissued shares to settle an exercise of the contract. Accordingly, management determined that the warrants should be reclassified to equity. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 815-40-35-10, management remeasured the warrant liability to fair value immediately before the reclassification and recorded the change in fair value to other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations.
On September 9, 2024, as a result of the issuance of the First Amended Conduit Note (see Note 9, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for further details), the adjustment provisions in the warrants were triggered and caused certain adjustments in the currently effective exercise price of the warrants and a proportional increase in the amount of shares of common stock issuable under the warrants. The Company recognized the effect of the down round feature triggered on September 9, 2024 as the difference between: (1) the fair value of the warrants using the pre-trigger conversion price, and (2) the fair value of the warrants using the reduced conversion price. The value of the effect of the down round feature of $875,737 was recognized as a deemed dividend in the year ended December 31, 2024 that reduced income available to common shareholders in calculating earnings per share.
On September 9, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Exchange Agreement with the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants to cancel and retire the Series A Preferred Stock and PIPE Warrants in exchange for shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series C Preferred Stock”). The Company determined that the exchange of the Series A Preferred Stock and warrants for the Series C Preferred Stock resulted in the extinguishment of the Series A
Preferred Stock and warrants. As a result, the difference between the carrying amount of the Series A Preferred Stock and warrants and the fair value of the Series C Preferred Stock of $4,075,681 was recognized as a deemed contribution in the year ended December 31, 2024 that increased APIC and income available to common shareholders in calculating earnings per share.
Series C Preferred Stock
On September 9, 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized the issuance of up to 35,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock. As a result of the exchange noted above, the Company issued 28,041 shares of Series C Preferred Stock. Each share of Series C Preferred Stock is convertible, at any time after issuance and at the option of the holder subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations, into a number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share by the Conversion Price. The Stated Value per share of Series C Preferred Stock is $1,000.00 and the Conversion Price per share of Series C Preferred Stock is $22.50 ($0.45 prior to the October Reverse Stock Split). The Series C Preferred Stock does not contain any of the price resets set forth in the Series A Preferred Stock, except in the case of stock splits, recapitalizations and similar transactions by the Company. During 2024, all 28,041 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were converted into 1,246,262 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2024, there were no shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding.
The holders of Series C Preferred Stock were entitled to vote exclusively with respect to a proposal submitted to the Company’s shareholders at a meeting of shareholders to be held by the Company to approve the changing of the Company’s state of incorporation from the State of Minnesota to the State of Delaware together as a single class with the common stock on an as-converted basis, subject to the beneficial ownership limitations, as follows: each share of Series C Preferred Stock shall be entitled to such number of votes equal to the quotient obtained by dividing: (i) the Stated Value by (ii) $39.573 ($0.79146 prior to the Reverse Stock Splits). As long as any shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock, (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series C Preferred Stock or alter or amend the Certificate of Designation, (b) authorize or create any class of stock ranking as to redemption senior to the Series C Preferred Stock, (c) amend its articles of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock, (d) increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s preferred stock, or (e) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. The holders of Series C Preferred Stock are not entitled to voting rights except for the foregoing and to the extent required by law.
Series B Preferred Stock
On May 13, 2024, the Company entered into a Subscription and Investment Representation Agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell one share of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock, par value $1.00 per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), for $15. The sale closed on May 14, 2024.
On May 13, 2024, the Company filed a certificate of designation (the “Certificate of Designation”) with the Secretary of State of Minnesota, effective as of May 13, 2024, designating the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the share of the Series B Preferred Stock. The Certificate of Designation provides that the share of Series B Preferred Stock has 5,000,000,000 votes and will vote together with the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock as a single class exclusively with respect to (i) any proposal to amend the Company’s Articles to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split Proposal”) and (ii) any proposal to adopt an amendment to the Articles, or any other proposal to otherwise approve or ratify, to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock, either by increasing the total number of authorized shares or by effecting a reverse stock split without a corresponding decrease in the number of authorized shares (the “Authorized Shares Increase Proposal”). The Series B Preferred Stock will also be entitled to vote in the election of directors, but will only have one vote to cast with respect to each director nominee.
Under the Certificate of Designation, the outstanding share of Series B Preferred Stock will be cancelled in whole, but not in part, at any time (i) if such cancellation is ordered by the Company’s board of directors in its sole discretion or (ii) automatically upon the approval by the Company’s shareholders of the Reverse Stock Split Proposal and Authorized Shares Increase Proposal at any meeting of shareholders. The holder of the share of Series B Preferred Stock was not entitled to any consideration upon such cancellation. The shareholders approved the Reverse Stock Split Proposal and Authorized Shares Increase Proposal on July 19, 2024 and, as a result, the share of Series B Preferred Stock was automatically cancelled at that time.
Registered Direct Offering
On February 5, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional investors for the sale by the Company of 3,604 shares (2,702,703 prior to the Reverse Stock Splits) of the Company’s common stock in a registered direct offering. The purchasers in this offering purchased, and the Company sold, the shares at a purchase price per share of
$277.50 ($0.37 prior to the Reverse Stock Splits). The sale closed on February 7, 2024 for aggregate gross proceeds of $1.0 million, before deducting the placement agent fees and related offering expenses.
At the Market Offering
On October 21, 2024, the Company entered into an At the Market (“ATM”) Offering Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Sales Agent”). The Company has authorized the sale, at its discretion, of common stock shares in an aggregate offering amount up to $10,000,000 under the Sales Agreement pursuant to the Company’s effective Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-267066), as supplemented by a prospectus supplement. Through December 31, 2024, the Company sold an aggregate of 448,216 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $2,457,354 under the ATM facility, before deducting the placement agent fees and related offering expenses.
NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES
Income tax (benefit) expense from continuing operations consists of the following:
Year Ended December 31
Current year income taxes :
Federal
$
-
$
17,622
State
76,398
59,975
76,398
77,597
Deferred income taxes:
Federal
$
(41,579)
$
41,579
(41,579)
41,579
Income tax expense
$
34,819
$
119,176
The provision for income taxes for continuing operations varied from the federal statutory tax rate as follows:
Year Ended December 31
Tax at U.S. statutory rate
21.0%
21.0%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
(3.8)
4.4
Other nondeductible items
(4.3)
2.1
Change in valuation allowance
(8.1)
(30.0)
Other
(5.0)
0.5
Effective tax rate
(0.2)%
(2.0%)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 related to the following:
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
$
62,747
$
24,266
Inventory
98,271
32,768
Accrued and prepaid expenses
287,495
131,692
Lease liability
988,437
1,183,679
Domestic net operating loss carry-forward
6,018,361
5,308,336
Other stock compensation
72,613
214,248
Intangible assets
-
214,600
Foreign net operating loss carry-forwards and credits
1,910,507
1,451,985
Federal and state credits
369,839
357,430
Business interest limitation carryforward
1,696,118
914,917
Other
15,961
464,019
Gross deferred tax assets
11,520,349
10,297,940
Valuation allowance
(10,248,132)
(8,970,982)
Net deferred tax assets
1,272,217
1,326,958
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation
(109,390)
(203,210)
Intangible assets
(202,202)
-
Lease right-of-use asset
(960,625)
(1,165,327)
Net deferred tax liability
(1,272,217)
(1,368,537)
Total net deferred tax liability
$
-
$
(41,579)
The Company assesses available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2024. This objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence such as the projections for future growth. On the basis of this evaluation, as of December 31, 2024, a valuation allowance of $10,248,132 has been recorded to reflect the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely to not be realized. The valuation allowance increased by $1,277,150 from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024. The Company continues to reassess the ability to realize the valuation allowance and if future evidence allows for a partial or full release of the valuation allowance, a tax benefit will be recorded accordingly.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had had gross federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $25,403,581, $15,332,443 and $7,642,027, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards have carryforward periods of twenty years, or that are indefinite, and begin to expire in 2029. The state net operating loss carryforwards have carryforward periods of 12-20 years, or that are indefinite and begin to expire in 2027. The foreign net operating loss carryforwards are indefinite.
Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code limits the utilization of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes following a change of ownership or failure of continuity of business. Based on our analysis under Section 382, we believe that certain tax attributes will be subject to a limitation and will not be available for future periods. Management will continue to evaluate the limitation under Section 382 and does not expect a material impact because of the valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset.
At December 31, 2024, the Company has an estimated federal research and development credit carryforward of approximately $220,000 and a state research and development credit carryforward of approximately $193,000. The utilization of these credits may be limited under the provisions of Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state statutes. Section 383 governs the utilization of tax attribute carryforwards such as the research and development credit in the event of a change in
control of the Company, such as that which occurred as of March 28, 2022. Credits not used to reduce taxes are available to be carried forward.
The Company assesses uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740. Under this method, the Company must recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from these uncertain tax positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
Changes in the Company’s uncertain tax positions are summarized as follows:
Uncertain tax positions - January 1
$
43,028
$
75,347
Expiration of statute of limitations
(7,560)
(32,319)
Uncertain tax positions - December 31
$
35,468
$
43,028
Included in the balance of uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2024 are $35,468 of tax benefits that if recognized would affect the tax rate. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits will be reduced by $2,803 in the next twelve months as a result of the statute of limitations. There are no other expected significant changes in the Company’s uncertain tax positions in the next twelve months. The Company’s income tax liability accounts included accruals for interest and penalties of $0 at December 31, 2024. The Company’s 2024 income tax expense decreased by $0 due to net decreases for accrued interest and penalties.
The Company is subject to taxation by the United States, foreign and state and local jurisdictions. In general, the Company’s tax years 2019 through 2023 remain open to assessment.
NOTE 14 - SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s segment structure reflects how management makes financial decisions and allocates resources. The Company manages its operations based on the combined results of the residential and commercial businesses with a geographical focus. The SUNation segment provides solar power, battery storage, and related services to customers primarily in New York and Florida. The Hawaii Energy Connection (“HEC”) segment provides the same products and services to residential and commercial customers in Hawaii. The Company’s CODM is represented by a committee that includes the Company’s CEO, CFO, and COO. The CODM regularly reviews discrete financial information for SUNation and HEC in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Corporate and other represents the unallocated corporate business activities and corporate shared services, which support the Company’s operating segments, along with operating and other expenses related to legacy CSI assets.
During 2024 management determined that their two operating segments no longer met the criteria to be aggregated into one reportable segment due to changes in economic forecasts and the Company’s plans for integrating SUNation and HEC. As a result, management determined HEC and SUNation to be distinct reportable segments. Prior period amounts have been recast for comparative purposes to reflect this change, which had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those applied in the consolidated financial statements as disclosed in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
The CODM committee evaluates performance for both reportable segments based on segment revenue, gross profit, and operating (loss) income before income taxes. When using these metrics, the CODM committee considers forecast-to-actual variances on a quarterly basis when making decisions about the allocation of operating and capital resources to each segment. The CODM committee also uses these metrics for evaluating pricing strategy to assess the performance of each segment by comparing the results of each segment with one another and in determining the compensation of certain employees.
The Company had no customers that comprised more than 10% of the Company's consolidated revenues during either of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Summarized financial information for the Company’s reportable segments are presented and reconciled to consolidated financial information in the following tables, including a reconciliation of segment earnings to income before income taxes. This reconciliation also represents the significant expense categories reviewed by the CODM.
Year ended December 31, 2024
Corporate and
SUNation
HEC
Other
Total
Sales
$
39,733,362
$
17,128,391
$
-
$
56,861,753
Cost of sales
24,639,695
11,795,814
-
36,435,509
Gross profit
15,093,667
5,332,577
-
20,426,244
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
15,265,443
4,530,879
7,257,844
27,054,166
Amortization expense
812,500
2,025,000
-
2,837,500
Fair value remeasurement of SUNation earnout consideration
-
-
(1,000,000)
(1,000,000)
Goodwill impairment loss
3,101,981
3,101,981
Intangible asset impairment loss
-
750,000
-
750,000
Total operating expenses
16,077,943
10,407,860
6,257,844
32,743,647
Operating (loss) income
(984,276)
(5,075,283)
(6,257,844)
(12,317,403)
Other income (expenses):
Investment and other income
25,920
17,742
100,867
144,529
(Loss) gain on sale of assets
-
6,118
(6,940)
(822)
Fair value remeasurement of warrant liability
-
-
(974,823)
(974,823)
Fair value remeasurement of embedded derivative liability
-
-
(65,617)
(65,617)
Fair value remeasurement of contingent value rights
-
-
522,257
522,257
Interest expense
(74,507)
-
(3,012,943)
(3,087,450)
Loss on debt extinguishment
-
-
(35,657)
(35,657)
Other expense, net
(48,587)
23,860
(3,472,856)
(3,497,583)
Operating loss from continuing operations before income taxes
$
(1,032,863)
$
(5,051,423)
$
(9,730,700)
$
(15,814,986)
Depreciation and amortization
$
1,031,418
$
2,120,364
$
2,050
$
3,153,832
Capital expenditures
$
24,155
$
8,630
$
-
$
32,785
Assets
$
26,127,816
$
18,150,306
$
1,434,610
$
45,712,732
Year ended December 31, 2023
Corporate and
SUNation
HEC
Other
Total
Sales
$
52,363,710
$
27,268,999
$
-
$
79,632,709
Cost of sales
32,992,901
18,943,618
-
51,936,519
Gross profit
19,370,809
8,325,381
-
27,696,190
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
16,178,126
5,448,385
7,448,067
29,074,578
Amortization expense
1,362,500
2,025,000
1,350,977
4,738,477
Fair value remeasurement of SUNation earnout consideration
-
-
1,350,000
1,350,000
Total operating expenses
17,540,626
7,473,385
10,149,044
35,163,055
Operating (loss) income
1,830,183
851,996
(10,149,044)
(7,466,865)
Other income (expenses):
Investment and other income
35,633
9,773
146,178
191,584
(Loss) gain on sale of assets
-
(5,279)
442,395
437,116
Fair value remeasurement of contingent value rights
-
-
2,674,966
2,674,966
Interest expense
(74,077)
-
(2,583,440)
(2,657,517)
Other expense, net
(38,443)
4,494
680,099
646,149
Operating loss from continuing operations before income taxes
$
1,791,740
$
856,490
$
(9,468,945)
$
(6,820,716)
Depreciation and amortization
$
1,676,842
$
2,105,685
$
1,353,893
$
5,136,420
Capital expenditures
$
473,236
$
173,080
$
9,375
$
655,691
Assets
$
28,738,285
$
26,097,414
$
3,337,112
$
58,172,811
NOTE 15 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified using the following hierarchy, which is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation as of the measurement date:
Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments and quoted prices in markets that are not active, and inputs that are directly observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts, such as treasury securities with pricing interpolated from recent trades of similar securities, or priced with models using highly observable inputs, such as commodity options priced using observable forward prices and volatilities.
Level 3 - Significant inputs to pricing that have little or no observability as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 are those with inputs requiring significant management judgment or estimation, such as the complex and subjective models and forecasts used to determine the fair value of financial instruments.
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized below.
December 31, 2024
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total Fair Value
Cash equivalents:
Money Market funds
$
368,138
$
-
$
-
$
368,138
Subtotal
368,138
-
-
368,138
Liabilities:
Contingent value rights
-
-
(312,080)
(312,080)
Embedded derivative liability
-
-
(82,281)
(82,281)
Earnout consideration
-
(2,500,000)
-
(2,500,000)
Subtotal
-
(2,500,000)
(394,361)
(2,894,361)
Total
$
368,138
$
(2,500,000)
$
(394,361)
$
(2,526,223)
December 31, 2023
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total Fair Value
Cash equivalents:
Money Market funds
$
1,799,357
$
-
$
-
$
1,799,357
Subtotal
1,799,357
-
-
1,799,357
Liabilities:
Contingent value rights
-
-
(1,691,072)
(1,691,072)
Earnout consideration
-
-
(3,500,000)
(3,500,000)
Subtotal
-
-
(5,191,072)
(5,191,072)
Total
$
1,799,357
$
-
$
(5,191,072)
$
(3,391,715)
The following tables present reconciliations of recurring fair value remeasurements that use significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Contingent value rights
Warrant liability
Embedded derivative liability
Earnout consideration
Total
December 31, 2023
$
(1,691,072)
$
-
$
-
$
(3,500,000)
$
(5,191,072)
Reclassification from equity
-
(10,592,220)
-
-
(10,592,220)
Additions
-
-
(16,664)
-
(16,664)
Warrant exercise
-
324,789
-
-
324,789
Distribution
856,735
-
-
-
856,735
Fair value adjustments
522,257
(974,823)
(65,617)
1,000,000
481,817
Reclassification to Level 2
2,500,000
2,500,000
Reclassification to equity
-
11,242,254
-
-
11,242,254
December 31, 2024
$
(312,080)
$
-
$
(82,281)
$
-
$
(394,361)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Contingent value rights
Earnout consideration
Total
December 31, 2022
$
(7,402,715)
$
(2,150,000)
$
(9,552,715)
Distribution
3,036,677
-
3,036,677
Fair value adjustments
2,674,966
(1,350,000)
1,324,966
December 31, 2023
$
(1,691,072)
$
(3,500,000)
$
(5,191,072)
The estimated fair value of the CVRs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $312,080 and $1,691,072, respectively, as noted above. The Company recorded a $522,257 gain on the fair value remeasurement of the CVRs in 2024 and a $2,674,966 gain on the fair value remeasurement of the CVRs in 2023. The Company paid $856,736 and $3,036,676 in CVR distributions during the 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The estimated fair value of earnout consideration related to the acquisition of SUNation as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2,500,000 and $3,500,000, respectively. The $2,500,000 balance at December 31, 2024 is related to the first earnout period recorded in current liabilities. See further discussion within Note 17, Subsequent Events on the subsequent payment of this liability. The estimated fair value is now considered a Level 2 measurement now that the earnout amounts have been established and there is no longer a reliance on unobservable inputs. The fair value was considered a Level 3 measurement at December 31, 2023 and in order to update the fair value of the earnout consideration, the Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation, which included the following significant assumptions: the expected probability and timing of achievement of milestone events. As a result of the fair value remeasurement, the Company recorded a remeasurement gain of $1,000,000 and a remeasurement loss of $1,350,000 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The estimated fair value of the PIPE warrants was $0 as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As noted in Note 12, the warrants were classified as a liability during the first quarter of 2024, resulting in a $10,592,202 reclassification from equity. During the third quarter of 2024, the warrants met equity classification requirements upon the shareholder approval of an increase in authorized outstanding shares and reclassified the fair value liability totaling $11,242,254 back to equity. The estimated fair value is considered a Level 3 measurement and the fair value of the warrant liability is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation to model future movement of the stock price. As a result of the fair value remeasurement, the Company recorded a remeasurement loss of $974,823 and $0 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The estimated fair value of the embedded derivative liability was $82,281 and $0 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As a result of the fair value remeasurement, the Company recorded a remeasurement loss of $65,617 and $0 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The estimated fair value is considered a Level 3 measurement and the fair value of the embedded derivative liability is determined based on a comparison of the present value of cash flows with and without the embedded derivative. This analysis includes management estimates of the likelihood of events of prepayment and default on the Decathlon, MBB and Conduit loans.
The fair value remeasurement related to the SUNation earnout was recorded within operating expenses. The other fair value remeasurements noted above were recorded within other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.
We record transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, if necessary, at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between levels during the year ended December 31, 2024, other than the earnout consideration that was transferred from Level 3 to Level 2.
NOTE 16 - GOING CONCERN
The Company’s financial statements as of December 31, 2024 have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. Based on the Company’s current financial position, which includes approximately $0.3 million of restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments that are restricted under the CVR agreement and cannot be used by the Company for its own working capital needs, and the Company’s forecasted future cash flows for twelve months beyond the date of issuance of these financial statements, substantial doubt exists around the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. As noted in Note 17, Subsequent Events, the Company raised capital and satisfied certain outstanding debt
obligations subsequent to year end, however there remains uncertainty related to our future cash flows as it relies on the ability to generate enough cash flow from its operating segments to cover the Company’s corporate overhead costs.
In order to continue as a going concern, the Company will need additional capital resources. Management plans to raise capital through sources that may include public or private equity offerings, debt financings and/or strategic alliances. However, management cannot provide any assurances that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans. These financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
NOTE 17 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of this filing.
Series D Preferred Stock
On February 26, 2025, the Company entered into a consent and waiver agreement to the loan agreement with Conduit. In accordance therewith, the Company issued one (1) share of Series D Preferred Stock to Conduit as further collateral security for the Conduit Loan. The Series D Preferred Stock was issued in accordance with a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights, and Limitations filed with the State of Delaware on February 27, 2025. In connection with the issuance of the share of Series D Preferred Stock, Conduit granted an irrevocable proxy to the Company to vote such share on an as-converted basis as a single class with the holders of the Company’s common stock. Such share was held in escrow by legal counsel to the Company, and upon full payment of the Conduit Loan and following the April 2025 special meeting of shareholders, the Series D Preferred Stock share has been returned to the Company and will be cancelled.
February 2025 Offering
On February 27, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors in which Roth Capital Partners LLC (“Roth”) acted as the placement agent pursuant to the terms of a Placement Agent Agreement (“PAA”) of same date, for the purchase and sale of an aggregate of $15 million in securities pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-267066) in a first closing consisting of (i) 1,965,000 shares of common stock (the “Shares”), and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 11,078,480 shares of common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants), and an aggregate of $5 million in securities in a second closing consisting of (x) 4,347,826 Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, (y) series A warrants to purchase up to 17,391,306 shares of common stock (the “Series A Warrants”), and (z) series B warrants to purchase up to 17,391,306 shares of common stock (the “Series B Warrants”) in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) at a purchase price of $1.15 per Share and accompanying warrants or $1.1490 per Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying warrants. The Series A warrants will have an exercise price of $1.725 per share subject to standard adjustments for dividends, splits and similar events; a one-time adjustment on the date of issuance (as described in the warrants), subject to a floor price described therein; and also subject to adjustment upon a Dilutive Issuance (as described in the warrants), subject to a floor price described therein. The Series B warrants will have an exercise price of $2.875 per share subject to standard adjustments for dividends, splits and similar events; a one-time adjustment on the date of issuance (as described in the warrants), subject to a floor price described therein; and also subject to adjustment upon a Dilutive Issuance (as described in the warrants), subject to a floor price described therein. The Series B warrants may also be exercised on an alternative cashless basis pursuant to which the holder may exchange each warrant for 3 shares of common stock. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be issued at the second closing and will be exercisable immediately after issuance and have a term of exercise equal to 5 years from the date of issuance. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable commencing upon issuance and expiring upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants in full, at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, subject to certain adjustments set forth therein.
A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Series A Warrant, Series B Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the holder’s option upon issuance, 9.99%) of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately after exercise. However, upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to the Company, a holder with a 4.99% ownership blocker may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding common stock after exercising the holder’s Series A Warrant, Series B Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant up to 9.99% of the number of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series A Warrant, Series B Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant.
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and agreements of the Company and the Purchaser and customary indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The first closing of the Offering occurred on February 27, 2025. On April 3, 2025, the Company received the necessary approval by the Company’s stockholders in a specially called stockholder meeting to approve the issuance of the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants and the shares of Common Stock underlying such Warrants, in addition to other matters. The second closing of the Offering occurred on April 7, 2025. The
Company received gross proceeds of approximately $20 million in connection with the Offering, before deducting placement agent fees and related offering expenses.
On February 27, 2025, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into lock-up agreements (the “Lock-up Agreements”) with its directors, officers and certain principal shareholders, pursuant to which they will not offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of the Company’s equity securities for a period of 90 days following the each closing of the Offering, subject to certain exceptions.
Pursuant to the PAA between the Company and Roth, the Company engaged Roth to act as the Company’s exclusive placement agent in connection with the Offering. The Company agreed to pay the placement agent a cash fee of 7.5% of the gross proceeds the Company receives under the Purchase Agreement.
Loan and Earnout Repayments
Conduit and MBB
The Company consummated the first tranche of a securities offering for gross proceeds of $15 million (the “Equity Financing”). In accordance with the terms of the Conduit and MBB loan agreements (see Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, for further information), if the Company were to consummate one or more equity offerings prior to the maturity date of July 21, 2025 in which it derives aggregate gross proceeds of at least $4.4 million, the Company will be required to repay the entire unpaid principal amount of all loans due to Conduit and MBB, simultaneous with the closing(s) of such offering(s). As of February 28, 2025, the aggregate Conduit loan balance was $1,000,000 and the aggregate MBB loan balance was $1,000,000, which were both repaid in full from a portion of the net proceeds of the Equity Financing following the consummation thereof. As a result of this complete repayment, both the Conduit and MBB notes have been terminated and no further principal, interest or accrual thereunder remain following the repayment and related termination of the Conduit and MBB loan agreement(s).
Decathlon
As noted in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, the Company entered into a Revenue Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Decathlon for $7.5 million with an original maturity date of June 1, 2027. As of March 3, 2025, the remaining aggregate balance, together with accrued principal and interest, remaining under the Loan Agreement was $6,740,516; however, the parties to the Loan Agreement recently agreed to a reduced aggregate repayment amount of $6,229,875 if voluntarily repaid early in full. Using a portion of the proceeds from the Equity Financing, the Company voluntarily repaid in full all of the accrued principal and interest due to Decathlon in the reduced aggregate noted above. As a result of this complete repayment, the Decathlon Loan Agreement has been terminated (together with other agreements and instruments related thereto), and no further monthly or other payments or remuneration of any kind shall be paid or be payable following the termination of this Loan Agreement, and no early termination penalties or prepayment premium were incurred by the Company in connection with the termination of this Loan Agreement.
Hercules
As noted in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, the Company entered into a loan agreement on December 11, 2020 in an original amount of $7,500,000 payable to Hercules under a loan and security agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”), with an amended Maturity Date of June 2, 2027. As of March 3, 2025, the loan and accrued interest balance was $1,230,555; however, the parties to the Term Loan Agreement recently agreed to a reduced aggregate repayment amount of $1,138,263 if voluntarily repaid early in full. Following the consummation of the Equity Financing, the Company used a portion of the proceeds therefrom to voluntarily repay in full all of the accrued principal and interest due to Hercules in the (reduced) aggregate noted above. As a result of this complete repayment, the Term Loan Agreement has been terminated (together with other agreements and instruments related thereto), and no further monthly or other payments or remuneration of any kind shall be paid or be payable following the termination of this Term Loan Agreement, and no early termination penalties or prepayment premium were incurred by the Company in connection with the termination of this Loan Agreement.
SUNation Long-Term Note and Earnout
As noted in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, on November 9, 2022, in connection with the SUNation acquisition, the Company entered into a $5,486,000 Long-Term Promissory Note (the “Long-Term Note”). The Company was unable to make its second and third interest payments totaling $250,703 and $460,194 due on December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively as it was not permitted to make any payments under the Long-Term Note unless Decathlon had provided prior written consent to such payment pursuant to the Loan Agreement. As noted above, the Company paid the Decathlon debt in full and no longer
had to receive written consent to make these payments. On March 13, 2025, the Company paid the unpaid interest totaling $710,897.
As noted in Note 15, Fair Value Measurements, the Company recorded a $2,500,000 earnout consideration accrual at December 31, 2025 related to the SUNation acquisition. On March 13, 2025, the Company paid $389,103 and on April 7 2025, paid the remaining $2,110,897 to satisfy the outstanding liability in full.
Subsequent to making the March 13, 2025 interest payment, the original Long-Term Note was amended and restated on April 10, 2025 as follows: The principal amount of $5,486,000 previously due and payable under the original Long Term Note, together with all accrued and unpaid interest owing thereunder, shall be due and payable on May 1, 2028 (the “Maturity Date”), and such amended note shall become a senior secured instrument. Principal and interest payments under the amended Long-Term Note shall be payable monthly on the first day of each month commencing with June 1, 2025 for thirty-six (36) consecutive months thereafter pursuant to the terms thereunder. Additionally, pursuant to the terms of that certain Senior Secured Contingent Note Instrument, entered into on April 10, 2025, the unearned 2024 earnout was rescheduled and shall be based on the earnout terms set forth therein pursuant to the financial conditions and terms covering each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025 and, if attained, shall be payable in fiscal year 2026, which payment is further conditioned on the continued employment of the note holders at the time of such earnout payment trigger date.
Previously Issued Warrant Settlement Exchange
As disclosed in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, we have accrued $1,300,000 for loss contingencies related to the PIPE Warrants that are payable in cash and stock. During the first quarter of 2025, we settled this obligation by issuing 1,213,656 shares of common stock, with all such issuances at the market value (with no anti-dilution or price reset features), and to paying a total of $432,330 in cash.
Nasdaq Delisting Notice
On April 11, 2025 the Company received a letter (the “Minimum Bid Price Deficiency Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that, for the 30 consecutive business day period immediately preceding deficiency letter, the Company’s common stock had not maintained a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”) and, as a result, does not comply with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Rule”). Normally, a company would be afforded a 180-calendar day period to demonstrate compliance with the Rule (“Cure Period”); however, pursuant to Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A)(iv), the Company is not eligible for a customary Cure Period specified in Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) due to the fact that the Company has effected a reverse stock split over the prior one-year period or has effected one or more reverse stock splits over the prior two-year period with a cumulative ratio of 250 shares or more to one.
Instead, the Company is offered an opportunity to appeal any deficiency related to a delisting determination to Nasdaq by seven days from receipt of the non-compliance notice. Accordingly, unless the Company timely requests a hearing before a Hearings Panel, the Company’s securities would be subject to suspension/delisting.
The Company intends to timely request a hearing before the Hearing Panel. The hearing request will automatically stay any suspension or delisting action pending the hearing and the expiration of any additional extension period if granted by the Panel following the hearing. There can be no assurance that the Panel will grant the Company an additional extension period or that the Company will ultimately regain compliance with all applicable requirements for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market.
In the event that the Company regains compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement prior to any scheduled hearing date, then a hearing may not be necessary, as the Company may be mooted out of the hearings process. Additionally, to this end, the stockholders of the Company had approved a share consolidation on April 3, 2025 that can be utilized within the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and, if and when effectuated, such action may resolve the above noted Nasdaq listing compliance deficiency prior to such hearing date.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2024. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting described below.
Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “Framework”). Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024, due to material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting due to our limited accounting and finance resources, which resulted in inappropriate preparation, review and maintenance of documentation and information that is critical to the design and consistent execution of internal controls. These material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
Remediation Plan
To address the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, the Company is in the process of formalizing a remediation plan that will address our limited resources and also includes implementing a new Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system which provides the necessary control environment to help mitigate the potential for misstatements in financial reporting, including but not limited to segregation of duties, user permission and access controls, and automated processes. While we believe that these efforts will improve our internal control over financial reporting, the design and implementation of our remediation is ongoing and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over a sustained period of time. We will not be able to conclude whether the steps we are taking will fully remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting until we have completed our remediation efforts and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness. Until these weaknesses are remediated, we plan to continue to perform additional analyses and other procedures to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Inherent Limitations on Control Systems
Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, will be or have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can by faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Changes in Internal Control
Except as discussed above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).
In addition, the Company is reporting the following information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in lieu of filing a Form 8-K:
SUNation Long-Term Note and Earnout
‎
On November 9, 2022, in connection with the SUNation acquisition, the Company entered into a $5,486,000 Long-Term Promissory Note (the “Long-Term Note”). The Company was unable to make its second and third interest payments totaling $250,703 and $460,194 due on December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively as it was not permitted to make any payments under the Long-Term Note unless Decathlon had provided prior written consent to such payment pursuant to the then outstanding Loan Agreement. As noted in the Subsequent Event Note 17 of this annual report, in March 2025, the Company paid the Decathlon debt in full and no longer had to receive written consent to make these payments. On March 13, 2025, the Company paid the unpaid interest totaling $710,897. In addition, the Company had recorded a $2,500,000 earnout consideration accrual at December 31, 2024 related to the SUNation acquisition. On March 13, 2025, the Company paid $389,103 and on April 7, 2025, paid the remaining $2,110,897 to satisfy the outstanding liability in full.
Subsequent to making the March 13, 2025 payment noted above, the original Long-Term Note was amended and restated on April 10, 2025 as follows: The principal amount of $5,486,000, previously due and payable as a one-time payment under the original Long-Term Note, together with all accrued and unpaid interest owing thereunder, was extended to now be due and payable in monthly installments through May 1, 2028 (the “Maturity Date”), and such amended note shall become a senior secured instrument. Principal and interest payments under the amended Long-Term Note shall be payable monthly on the first day of each month commencing with June 1, 2025 for thirty-six (36) consecutive months thereafter pursuant to the terms thereunder. Additionally, pursuant to the terms of that certain Senior Secured Contingent Note Instrument, entered into on April 10, 2025, the unearned 2024 earnout was rescheduled and shall be based on the earnout terms set forth therein pursuant to the financial conditions and terms covering each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025 and, if attained, shall be payable in fiscal year 2026 over a period of twenty-four (24) months, which payment is further conditioned on the continued employment of the note holders at the time of such earnout payment trigger date. A copy of each of the amended and restated secured Long-Term Note and the Senior Secured Contingent Note Instrument, along with the Security Agreement, is annexed as an exhibit to this annual report, the complete terms of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation
On April 3, 2025, the Company held a Special Meeting of Shareholders seeking approval to, among other items, amend our certificate of incorporation. On April 4, 2024, we filed an Amended Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware reflecting an increase of its authorized shares of common stock to 1,000,000,000 shares, the form of which is annexed as an exhibit to this annual report, a copy of which is annexed as an exhibit to this annual report.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “2024 Proxy Statement”), or in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Form 10-K/A”), which we plan to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2024.
The information required by Item 405 regarding compliance with Section 16 (a) will be set forth under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, this information will be included in an amendment to this Form 10-K on Form 10-K/A within 120 days of December 31, 2024.
Chief Executive Officer Employment Agreement
On December 10, 2024, announced that the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) had determined to appoint its interim Chief Executive Officer, Scott Maskin, as the permanent Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company, effective December 10, 2024. On May 23, 2024, Mr. Maskin was appointed and has served as the Interim CEO since May 17, 2024, and will remain a member of the Board.
In connection with his appointment as the permanent CEO, the Company and Mr. Maskin have entered into a written employment agreement (the “CEO Employment Agreement”) for an initial three-year term, which provides for the following compensation terms for Mr. Maskin: the CEO will receive a base annual salary of $295,000 (“Base Salary”), and Mr. Maskin shall be eligible for the potential bonus of up to fifty percent of his Base Salary, the latter of which is discretionary based on goals established by the Company’s Board and may be changed from time to time.
In addition, Mr. Maskin shall be entitled to participate in all employee benefit plans or programs offered by the Company to all its employees, subject to the eligibility requirements and terms of such plans or programs. Upon termination under the terms of the CEO Employment Agreement, Mr. Maskin shall be entitled to receive his Base Salary owed through the termination date, reimbursement of reasonable unpaid expenses incurred through such termination date.
The CEO Employment Agreement also provides for certain payments and benefits in the event of a termination of his employment under specific circumstances. If, during the term of the CEO Employment Agreement, his employment is terminated by the Company other than for “cause,” death or disability or by Mr. Maskin for “good reason” (each as defined in his agreement), he would be entitled to (i) pay or provide the Employee the benefits itemized in the CEO Employment Agreement, subject to the his signing and not rescinding a release of claims in a form acceptable to the Company, and he strictly complies with the terms of the agreement and any other written agreement between Mr. Maskin and the Company or any of its affiliates as of the date any installments described therein is to be paid, the Company shall pay to the CEO as severance pay a total amount equal to one hundred percent of the annual Base Salary as of the date of termination.
Pursuant to his employment agreement, Mr. Maskin has also agreed to customary restrictions with respect to the disclosure and use of the Company’s confidential information, and has agreed that work product or inventions developed or conceived by him while employed with the Company relating to its business is the Company’s property. In addition, during the term of his employment and for the 12 month period following his termination of employment for any reason, Mr. Maskin has agreed not to, among other provisions, (1) perform services on behalf of a competing business which was the same or similar to the types services he was authorized, conducted, offered or provided to the Company, (2) solicit or induce any of the Company’s employees or independent contractors to terminate their employment with the Company, or (3) solicit any actual or prospective customers with whom he had material contact on behalf of a competing business.
Chief Operating Officer Employment Agreement
On December 9, 2024, the Company and Mr. James Brennan entered into a written employment agreement in connection with Mr. Brennan’s employment as Chief Operating Officer (the “COO Employment Agreement”) for an initial three-year term, which provides for the following compensation terms: the COO will receive a base annual salary of $275,000 (“Base Salary”), and Mr. Brennan shall be eligible for the potential bonus of up to forty percent of his Base Salary, the latter of which is discretionary based on goals established by the Company’s Board and may be changed from time to time.
In addition, Mr. Brennan shall be entitled to participate in all employee benefit plans or programs offered by the Company to all its employees, subject to the eligibility requirements and terms of such plans or programs. Upon termination under the terms of the COO Employment Agreement, Mr. Brennan shall be entitled to receive his Base Salary owed through the termination date, reimbursement of reasonable unpaid expenses incurred through such termination date.
The COO Employment Agreement also provides for certain payments and benefits in the event of a termination of his employment under specific circumstances. If, during the term of the COO Employment Agreement, his employment is terminated by the Company other than for “cause,” death or disability or by Mr. Brennan for “good reason” (each as defined in his agreement), he would be entitled to (i) pay or provide the Employee the benefits itemized in the COO Employment Agreement, subject to the his signing and not rescinding a release of claims in a form acceptable to the Company, and he strictly complies with the terms of the agreement and any other written agreement between Mr. Brennan and the Company or any of its affiliates as of the date any installments described therein is to be paid, the Company shall pay to the COO as severance pay a total amount equal to one hundred percent of the annual Base Salary as of the date of termination.
Pursuant to his employment agreement, Mr. Brennan has also agreed to customary restrictions with respect to the disclosure and use of the Company’s confidential information, and has agreed that work product or inventions developed or conceived by him while employed with the Company relating to its business is the Company’s property. In addition, during the term of his employment and for the 12 month period following his termination of employment for any reason, Mr. Brennan has agreed not to, among other provisions, (1) perform services on behalf of a competing business which was the same or similar to the types services he was authorized, conducted, offered or provided to the Company, (2) solicit or induce any of the Company’s employees or independent contractors to terminate their employment with the Company, or (3) solicit any actual or prospective customers with whom he had material contact on behalf of a competing business.
‎
Code of Ethics and Business ConductWe have adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the “Code”) applicable to all of the Company’s officers, directors, employees, and consultants that establish guidelines for professional and ethical conduct in the workplace. The Code also contains a special set of guidelines applicable to the Company’s senior financial officers, including the chief executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and others involved in the preparation of the Company’s financial reports.
These guidelines are intended to promote the ethical handling of conflicts of interest, full and fair disclosure in periodic reports filed by the Company, and compliance with laws, rules and regulations concerning this periodic reporting. A copy of the Code is available on our website at https://ir.sunation.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents, and is also available, without charge, by writing to the Company’s Corporate Secretary at: SUNation Energy Inc., 171 Remington Blvd., Ronkonkoma, NY 11779.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the information to be included in the 2025 Proxy Statement or in the Form 10-K/A, which we plan to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the information to be included in the 2025 Proxy Statement or in the Form 10-K/A, which we plan to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the information to be included in the 2025 Proxy Statement or in the Form 10-K/A, which we plan to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the information to be included in the 2025 Proxy Statement or in the Form 10-K/A, which we plan to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2024.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) (1) Consolidated Financial Statements
The following Consolidated Financial Statements of SUNation Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries appear at pages 45 to 88 herein:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
‎(a) (2)Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules
The schedules are omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.
(a) (3)Exhibits
Regulation S-K
Reference
Title of Document
Location
1.1
Form of Placement Agency Agreement, dated February 27, 2025, between the Company and Roth Capital Partners, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 1.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
2.1
#
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated March 1, 2021, by and among Communications Systems, Inc., Helios Merger Co., Pineapple Energy LLC, Lake Street Solar LLC, and Randall D. Sampson
Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed on March 3, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
2.2
#
Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 16, 2021 by and among Communications Systems, Inc., Helios Merger Co., Pineapple Energy LLC, Lake Street Solar LLC, and Randall D. Sampson
Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
2.3
#
Transaction Agreement, dated November 9, 2022, by and among Pineapple Energy Inc., Solar Merger Sub, LLC, Scott Maskin, James Brennan, Scott Sousa, Brian Karp and Scott Maskin as representative of each seller, including the forms of the Plan of Merger, the Pledge and Security Agreement, the Short-Term Limited Recourse Secured Promissory Note and the Long-Term Promissory Note
Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on November 10, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation of SUNation Energy, Inc.
Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed on November 19, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2
Bylaws SUNation Energy, Inc.
Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K filed on November 19, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.3
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Communications Systems, Inc. (n/k/a Pineapple Energy Inc.) filed on March 25, 2022
Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.4
Certificate of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock, dated May 14, 2024
Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.5
Statement of Cancellation of the Certificate of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock, effective as of August 14, 2024
Filed as Exhibit 3.7 to Form 10-Q filed on August 19, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.6
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 9, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.7
Certificate of Correction to Certificate of Designation
Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.8
Certificate of Designation of Series D Preferred Stock
Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.9
Amended Certificate of Incorporation of SUNation Energy, Inc.
Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on April 3, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.1
Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Filed herewith.
4.2
Form of Senior Indenture
Filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed August 25, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.3
Form of Subordinated Indenture
Filed as Exhibit 4.5 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed August 25, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.4
Form of Series A Warrant
Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.5
Form of Series B Warrant
Filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.6
Form of Pre-Funded Warrant
Filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.1
*
Pineapple Energy Inc. 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended
Filed as Appendix B to the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on Schedule 14A filed on November 3, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.2
Amended and Restated Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of September 15, 2021, between Communications Systems, Inc. and the PIPE Investors
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on September 15, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.3
Loan and Security Agreement dated as of December 11, 2020 by and between Pineapple Energy LLC as Borrower and Hercules Capital, Inc. as Lender and Agent.
Filed as Exhibit 10.14 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on November 12, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.4
#
Amendment No. 1 to Asset Purchase Agreement dated December 16, 2021 by and among Hawaii Energy Connection, LLC and E-Gear, LLC as Seller, Steven P. Godmere as Seller Representative, Pineapple Energy LLC as Buyer.
Filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed on January 26, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.5
#
Consent and Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of December 16, 2021 by and between Pineapple Energy LLC as Borrower and Hercules Capital, Inc. as Lender and Agent.
Filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed on January 26, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.6
*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.7
*
Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.8
*
Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan
Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.9
*
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan
Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.10
*
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Inducement Grant) between Eric Ingvaldson and Pineapple Energy Inc., dated as of October 11, 2022.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on October 11, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.11
*
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Inducement Grant) between Scott Maskin and Pineapple Energy Inc., dated as of November 15, 2022.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on November 15, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.12
*
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Inducement Grant) between James Brennan and Pineapple Energy Inc., dated as of November 15, 2022.
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on November 15, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.13
Form of Consent, Waiver and Amendment among Pineapple Energy Inc. and each of its Series A Preferred Stock and warrant holders.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on November 10, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.14
*
Employment Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2022, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Kyle Udseth
Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.15
*
Change in Control Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2022, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Kyle Udseth
Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.16
*
Employment Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2022, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Eric Ingvaldson
Filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.17
*
Change in Control Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2022, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Eric Ingvaldson
Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.18
Contingent Value Rights Agreement dated March 25, 2022 by and among the Company, Equiniti Trust Company, as Rights Agent, and Richard A. Primuth in his capacity as the initial CVR Holders’ Representative.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.19
Pineapple Holdings, Inc. Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, Date of Issuance March 28, 2022.
Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.20
*
Pineapple Energy Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through December 7, 2022.
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.21
Form of Stock Transfer Agreement dated as of January 24, 2022.
Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on February 22, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.22
Revenue Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 1, 2023 by and among Pineapple Energy Inc., the Guarantors party thereto, and Decathlon Specialty Finance, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.23
Consent and Amendment No. 2 to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of May 31, 2023 by and between Pineapple Energy LLC as Borrower and Hercules Capital, Inc. as Lender and Agent
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.24
First Amendment to Contingent Value Rights Agreement, dated March 27, 2024, by and among the Company, Equiniti Trust Company, as Rights Agent, and Richard A. Primuth in his capacity as the initial CVR Holders’ Representative.
Filed as Exhibit 10.46 to the Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.25
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between Pineapple Energy, Inc. and each purchaser identified therein
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.26
Form of Waiver and Amendment
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.27
Subscription and Investment Representation Agreement, dated April 23, 2024, by and between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Lake Street Solar, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.28
Form of Limited Waiver and Amendment
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 22, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.29
*
Separation Agreement between Kyle Udseth and Pineapple Energy Inc. dated May 19, 2024
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.30
*
Pineapple Energy Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through July 19, 2024
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on July 25, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.31
Secured Credit Agreement, dated July 22, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.32
Secured Credit Note, dated July 22, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.33
Security Agreement, dated July 22, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.34
Secured Credit Agreement, dated July 22, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and MBB Energy, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.35
Secured Credit Note, dated July 22, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and MBB Energy, LLC. Security
Filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.36
Security Agreement, dated July 22, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and MBB Energy, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.37
First Amendment to Revenue Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 22, 2024, by and among Pineapple Energy Inc., the Guarantors party thereto, and Decathlon Specialty Finance LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.7 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.38
Amendment and Joinder to Subordination Agreement, dated July 22, 2024 among Pineapple Energy Inc., Decathlon Growth Credit, LLC, Hercules Capital, Inc., and MBB Energy, LLC and Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.8 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.39
Consent and Amendment No. 3 to Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 22, 2024 by and among Pineapple Energy LLC, Pineapple Energy Inc. and each other person that has delivered a Joinder Agreement
Filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Form 8-K filed on July 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.40
Offer Letter dated August 28, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Andrew Childs
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 4, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.41
Amended and Restated Convertible Secured Credit Note, dated September 9, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on September 9, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.42
Form of Securities Exchange Agreement between Pineapple Energy, Inc. and the holder signatory hereto
Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on September 9, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.43
Second Amended and Restated Convertible Secured Credit Note, dated September 23, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.44
At The Market Offering Agreement dated as of October 21, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.45
Second Amendment to Revenue Loan and Security Agreement, dated September 12, 2024, by and among Pineapple Energy Inc., the Guarantors party thereto, and Decathlon Specialty Finance LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.46
Consent and Amendment No. 4 to Loan and Security Agreement, dated September 20, 2024, by and among Pineapple Energy LLC, Pineapple Energy Inc. and each other person that has delivered a Joinder Agreement
Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.47
Amendment to Secured Credit Note, dated November 1, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and MBB Energy, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.48
Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Convertible Secured Credit Note; and to the Credit Agreement, dated November 1, 2024, between Pineapple Energy Inc. and Conduit Capital U.S. Holdings LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.20 to Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.49
*
Employment Agreement, dated December 9, 2024, between SUNation Energy Inc. and Scott Maskin
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on December 13, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.50
*
Employment Agreement, dated December 9, 2024, between SUNation Energy, Inc. and Jim Brennan
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on December 13, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.51
Second Amendment to Contingent Value Rights Agreement dated March 25, 2022 by and among the Company, Equiniti Trust Company, as Rights Agent, and Richard A. Primuth in his capacity as the initial CVR Holders’ Representative, dated December 30, 2024
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.52
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated February 27, 2025, between the Company and purchasers identified therein
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference.
10.53
Amended and Restated Long-Term Senior Secured Promissory Note, dated April 10, 2025, between SUNation Energy, Inc. and both Scott Maskin and James Brennan
Filed herewith.
10.54
Pledge and Security Agreement, dated April 10, 2025, by and between SUNation Energy, Inc. and Scott Maskin and James Brennan
Filed herewith.
10.55
Senior Secured Contingent Note, dated April 10, 2025, between SUNation Energy, Inc. and both Scott Maskin and James Brennan
Filed herewith.
10.56
Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement among SUNation Energy, Inc., Scott Maskin and James Brennan
Filed herewith.
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Filed herewith.
23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Filed herewith.
Power of Attorney
Included on the signature page.
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
Filed herewith.
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer
Filed herewith.
Certification under USC § 1350
Filed herewith.
Pineapple Energy Inc. Compensation Recovery Policy
Filed as Exhibit 97 to Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
101 .INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101 .SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101 .DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101 LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101 .PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
# Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601. SUNation Energy agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request.
*Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
‎