EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1489588
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1489588_10-K_2021_0001213900-21-016941.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Business Overview
Home Bistro, Inc. (formerly known as Gratitude Health, Inc.) (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Nevada on December 17, 2009. Effective March 23, 2018, the Company changed its name to Gratitude Health, Inc. from Vapir Enterprises Inc. On September 14, 2020, the Company changed its name from Gratitude Health, Inc. to Home Bistro, Inc. The Company is in the business of providing prepackaged and prepared meals to consumers focused on offering a broad array of the highest quality meal planning, delivery, and preparation services. The Company’s primary former operations were in the business of manufacturing, selling, and marketing functional RTD (Ready to Drink) beverages sold under the Company’s trademark (the “RTD Business”). The RTD Business was disposed on September 25, 2020 as discussed below.
On April 7, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the increase of authorized shares of common stock from 600,000,000 to 1,000,000,000.
Acquisition of Home Bistro Holdings and Disposal of the Discontinued Operations of the RTD Business
Home Bistro, Inc. was formed on April 9, 2013 as a Delaware corporation, under the name DineWise, LLC. On December 1, 2014, it underwent a statutory conversion filed under Section 8-265 of the Delaware Code to converted from a limited liability company to a corporation and changed its name to Home Bistro, Inc.
On September 22, 2020, Home Bistro, Inc. (presently known as Home Bistro Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation) (“Home Bistro Holdings”) filed a Certificate of Conversion to a Non-Delaware Entity Delaware Secretary State to file a statutory conversion under Section 266 of the Delaware General Corporation Law to convert its state of domicile from Delaware to Nevada and simultaneously filed an Articles of Conversion Nevada Secretary of State for the same and changed its name from Home Bistro, Inc. to Home Bistro Holdings, Inc., each effective as of September 30, 2020.
Home Bistro Holdings provides prepackaged and prepared meals as a solution for time-constrained but discerning consumers focused on satisfying every member of the family by offering a broad array of the highest quality meal delivery and preparation services. Products are gourmet meals delivered fresh-frozen directly to the home.
Agreement and Plan of Merger
On April 20, 2020, the Company, Fresh Market Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a newly created wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, also referred to herein as Merger Sub, and Home Bistro, Inc., a privately-held Delaware corporation engaged in the food preparation and home-delivery business (presently known as Home Bistro Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation), also referred to herein also Home Bistro Holdings, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, also referred to herein as the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, Merger Sub agreed to merge with and into Home Bistro Holdings, with Home Bistro Holdings becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the surviving corporation in the merger, also referred to herein as the Merger. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Home Bistro Holdings filed a Certificate of Merger with the Nevada Secretary of State on April 20, 2020.
Prior to the effective time of the Merger, the Company and certain of its existing securityholders entered into an Exchange Agreement providing for, among other things, the exchange (the “Exchange”) of securities held by such securityholders for shares of common stock, as more fully detailed therein. As a result of the Exchange, all of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and convertible notes were converted into an aggregate of 5,405,479 shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis, consisting of 1,364,222 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 4,041,258 shares of common stock. The 250,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock owned by a former officer were cancelled on April 9, 2020 pursuant to a General Release Agreement and 250,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by a related party remained issued and outstanding as of the date of the Merger.
After the Exchange, a total of 1,899,094 shares of common stock, warrants to purchase 4,041,258 shares of common stock and 60,638 stock options were deemed issued and outstanding.
At the effective time of the Merger, and subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, each outstanding share of common stock of Home Bistro Holdings was converted into the right to receive approximately four hundred seventy-three (473) shares of common stock. Accordingly, the aggregate shares of the Company’s common stock issued in the Merger to the former securityholders of Home Bistro Holdings is 24,031,453 shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis consisting of 17,105,139 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 6,926,314 shares of common stock.
Subsequent to the Merger, the Company had an aggregate of 30,031,501 shares of common stock issued and outstanding on a fully diluted basis consisting of 19,004,233 shares of common stock, 60,638 stock options and warrants to purchase up to 10,967,572 shares of common stock.
On April 20, 2020, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Roy G. Warren, Jr., Mike Edwards, and Bruce Zanca resigned as directors of the Company and Roy G. Warren, Jr. resigned as Chief Operating Officer of the Company. The resignations were not the result of any disagreement related to the Company’s operations, policies, or practices. Furthermore, on April 20, 2020, Mr. Zalmi Duchman, the Chief Executive Officer of Home Bistro Holdings, Michael Finkelstein and Michael Novielli were appointed as directors of the Company. In addition, Mr. Duchman was appointed Chief Executive Officer.
In connection with the Merger, certain Company stockholders entered into a Lock-Up and Leak-Out Agreement with the Company pursuant to which, among other thing, such stockholders agreed to certain restrictions regarding the resale of common stock for a period of two years from the date of the Merger Agreement, as more fully detailed therein.
Additionally, on April 20, 2020, the Company and a stockholder entered into a Put Option Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed, at the election of the stockholder, to purchase certain shares of common stock from such stockholder no sooner than two years from the date of the Put Option Agreement (the “Market Period”). Pursuant to the Put Option Agreement, in the event that the stockholder does not generate $1.3 million dollars (the “Total Investment”) in gross proceeds from the sale of its shares of common stock by the second anniversary of the Put Option Agreement, then the stockholder has the right to cause the Company to purchase shares held by the stockholder at a price equal to the difference between the Total Investment and the net proceeds actually realized by the stockholder from shares of common stock sold during the Market Period and the number of shares of common stock held by the stockholder on the date the put right is exercised. The put right expires fourteen (14) days from end of the Market Period. In connection with the Put Option Agreement, the Company recorded a common stock repurchase obligation in the amount of $1.3 million.
Effective April 20, 2020, the Company acquired all the issued and outstanding shares of Home Bistro Holdings pursuant to the Merger Agreement and Home Bistro Holdings became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. As a result of the Merger, for financial statement reporting purposes, the Merger between the Company and Home Bistro Holdings has been treated as a reverse acquisition and recapitalization with Home Bistro Holdings deemed the accounting acquirer and the Company deemed the accounting acquiree in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Section 805-10-55. At the time of the Merger, both the Company and Home Bistro Holdings had their own separate operating segments. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that are reflected in the consolidated financial statements after the Merger are those of Home Bistro Holdings and are recorded at the historical cost basis of Home Bistro Holdings. The acquisition process utilizes the capital structure of the Company and the assets and liabilities of Home Bistro Holdings which are recorded at historical cost. The results of operations of the Company are consolidated with results of operations of Home Bistro Holdings starting on the date of the Merger Agreement. The equity of the consolidated entity is the historical equity of Home Bistro Holdings retroactively restated to reflect the number of shares issued by the Company in the reverse acquisition.
The Merger constituted a change of control and the majority of the Board of Directors changed with the consummation of the Merger. The Company issued to the stockholders of Home Bistro Holdings shares of common stock and stock warrants which represented approximately 80% of the combined company on a fully converted basis after the closing of the Merger. As a result of the above transactions and the Company’s intent to dispose of or divest the assets and liabilities associated with the RTD Business as discussed below, this transaction was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of Home Bistro Holdings where Home Bistro Holdings is considered the historical registrant and the historical operations presented will be those of Home Bistro Holdings.
The following assets and liabilities were assumed in the Merger:
Cash $ 4,917
Prepaid expense 9,776
Operating right-of-use asset 32,444
Total assets acquired 47,137
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (209,417 )
Operating right-of-use liability (32,444 )
Total liabilities assumed $ (241,861 )
Net liability assumed $ (194,724 )
Disposal of Discontinued Operations of the RTD Business
On September 25, 2020, pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, among other things, the Company agreed to sell all of the Company’s business, assets and properties used, or held or developed for use, in its functional RTD (Ready to Drink) beverage segment (the “RTD Business”), and the Buyer agreed to assume certain debts, obligations and liabilities related to the RTD Business. The Company assumed an accounts payable liability in the amount of $14,000 related to accounting expense of the RTD Business for a period prior to the Merger. Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Buyer reimbursed the Company for t accounting expenses in amount of $14,000 incurred prior to the Merger, of which $7,000 was payable in cash and the balance in form of a promissory note dated September 25, 2020 in the amount of $7,000. The promissory note bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum, matures on April 25, 2021 and is payable in monthly installments of $1,000 commencing on October 25, 2020 through April 25, 2021. The Company received the $7,000 cash portion of the consideration subsequent to September 30, 2020 which has been included in the prepaid and other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2020 (see Note 1). The $14,000 reimbursement was recorded to additional paid in capital as reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ deficit.
ASC 205-20 “Discontinued Operations” establishes that the disposal or abandonment of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity should be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. As a result, the component’s results of operations have been classified as discontinued operations on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. The results of operations of this component, for all periods, are separately reported as “discontinued operations” on the consolidated statements of operations.
The Asset Purchase Agreement, discussed above under Agreement and Plan of Merger, was intended to be part of the Merger and in effect transferred the RTD Business and the related assets and liabilities to Gratitude Keto, whose CEO, Roy Warren Jr., formerly served as the Company’s director and Chief Operating Officer and was considered a related party, in substance, in the accounting of this transaction. Therefore, the disposal of net liabilities and the reimbursement discussed above in connection with the disposal of the RTD Business was recorded to additional paid in capital as reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ deficit.
The following table set forth the selected financial data of the net liabilities recorded to additional paid in capital as of September 24, 2020.
September 24,
Assets:
Other assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net $ 2,417
Total assets $ 2,417
Liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 112,212
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 5,009
Operating lease liabilities, current portion 2,417
Total current liabilities 119,638
Total liabilities $ 119,638
Net liabilities $ 117,221
Expense reimbursement by Buyer 14,000
Disposal of net liabilities to a related party $ 131,221
The Products and Packaging:
The Company manufactures, packages, and sells, direct-to-consumer, gourmet meals under the Home Bistro brand and markets restaurant quality meats and seafood under the Prime Chop and Colorado Prime brands. The Company’s meals are freshly prepared, flash-frozen, to preserve freshness, and packaged in its facility located in Miami, Florida. Home Bistro meals are ordered on-line and delivered to consumers in containers designed to keep the products frozen during transport. Once delivered, the meals can be heated using a microware cooker or hot water for consumption within minutes and with little to no preparation and minimal cleanup.
In addition to its diverse menu of gourmet meals, the Company has also partnered with world-renowned chefs to offer a selection of each chef’s specialty cuisine (the “Celebrity Chef Program”). The Company launched its Celebrity Chef Program with Iron Chef, Cat Cora to offer Chef Cora’s Mediterranean/Southern inspired cooking. Home Bistro also partnered with “Hungry Fan” celebrity chef, Daina Falk to offer Ms. Falk’s sports stadium tailgate inspired recipes. The Company plans to expand it celebrity chef program to include gourmet cuisine from notable chefs around the world. In doing so, the Company intends to create a digital food court through which it will offer consumers an internationally diversified selection of fully cooked gourmet meals.
Market Information and the Value Chain and Routes to Market
The online food delivery market is projected to reach $28.5 billion in the United States in 2021 and achieve a cumulative average growth rate of 4.3% through 2024, according to a recent report by market and consumer data company Statista.
Consumers are continually becoming time-starved and convenience-seeking, while others have tired from the impact the pandemic has had on their access to restaurant quality food over the last year. As a result, consumers have aggressively sought out alternatives to cooking at home or ordering take-out.
Meal-Kits vs. Third-Party Delivery vs. Prepared Meals
Business models for meal-kit providers, third-party delivery services and prepared “heat-to-eat” meal companies, differ vastly from one another. Meal-kit companies provide customers pre-portioned, raw ingredients and recipes that require preparation, cooking, and the ensuing clean-up, not to mention that the resulting meal is still subject to the preparer’s ability, or lack thereof, to cook. On average, meals take anywhere from 30-60 minutes for preparation and cooking and another 15 minutes to clean up. In addition, due to the short shelf life of raw materials provided in meal-kits, meal-kit providers experience higher operating and supply chain costs compared to prepared meal providers. Home Bistro’s flash freezing process and packaging serves to extend its product’s shelf life and promotes operational efficiencies.
Third-party online delivery platforms such as Grubhub, Uber Eats and DoorDash offer access to restaurants’ menus via a single online portal. Customers then order directly from the app and cooked meals are delivered typically within 60 minutes by the restaurant, third party delivery service or the app platform itself. During the delivery, cooked meals lose heat, which can decrease the enjoyment of the meal or require reheating.
The prepared, heat-to-eat providers in the meal delivery segment (in which Home Bistro operates) ship fresh and fresh-frozen, fully cooked meals direct-to-consumer. On average, these meals require heating for only three to five minutes using a microwave of sous vide machine. The experience is extremely convenient, requires very little cleanup and delivers a gourmet meal prepared by a professional chef. Consumers can order one meal or several meals, which can be stored and heated when desired.
Production
Until mid-2020, the Company used third-party co-packers to cooks, packages, fulfill and ship its meals to its customers. In June, Home Bistro entered into a lease for commercial kitchen facilities, hired and trained professional chefs and implemented its own fulfillment operations. By managing its own food production and fulfillment, Home Bistro expects to be able to improve its competitive position, while expanding its gross profit and operating margins. It will provide the Company with significantly greater flexibility to create and introduce new menu items, including the expansion of its Celebrity Chef Program, and react to dynamics of a developing marketplace.
Orders for restaurant quality meats and seafood through the Company’s Prime Chop and Colorado Prime brands continue to be processed through a third-party co-packer based in North Carolina who fulfills and ships customer orders.
Competition
In the direct-to-consumer prepared meal home delivery market segment, our competition is extensive and includes larger more established companies such as Jenny Craig, WW International and Nutrisystem which have significantly greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources than the Company, as well as numerous smaller independent providers. We believe, however, there is considerable room for additional competitors offering modestly priced, high quality offerings, as the direct-to-consumer segment of the home delivery market for food continues to expand. In addition, we believe the competition for consumers seeking ready-made gourmet meals (such as Home Bistro) is less intensive than other niches such as weight loss, high protein, keto, or paleo.
In the direct-to-consumer, high quality meats and seafood market segment, our competition is extensive and includes larger more established companies such as Omaha Steaks, Kansas City Steak Company and Snake River Farms which have significantly greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources than the Company, as well as Butcher Block, D’Artagnan and Crowd Cow. We believe, however, there is considerable room for additional competitors offering modestly priced, high quality offerings, as the direct-to-consumer segment of the home delivery market for food continues to expand.
Home Bistro’s online competition consists primarily of national and local service providers, point-of-sale module vendors that serve some independent restaurants who have their own standalone websites and the online interfaces of restaurants that also offer takeout. The Company also competes for diners with online competitors on the basis of convenience, control, and customer care. For restaurants, Home Bistro competes with other online platforms based on its ability to generate additional orders, manage challenges such as customization, change orders, menu updates and specials and the ability to help them improve their operational efficiency.
Government Regulation
We are subject to labor and employment laws, import and trade restrictions laws, laws governing advertising, privacy and data security laws, safety regulations and other laws, including consumer protection regulations that apply to retailers and/or the promotion and sale of merchandise and the operation of stores and warehouse facilities. In the United States, we are subject to the regulatory authority of, among other agencies, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). We will employ a number of external resources to assist us in complying with our regulatory obligations. These external resources will include outside technology providers and consultants. As we expand our business, we will be required to raise additional capital to cover the expected increase in costs to hire and train additional internal and external resources to ensure we remain in substantial compliance with our governmental obligations. We monitor changes in these laws and believe that we are in material compliance with applicable laws.
Trademarks
We own trademarks on certain of our products, including Trademark serial numbers 86636971 and 86636968.
Employees
As of December 31, 2020, Home Bistro had 5 full-time employees. None of these employees are represented by collective bargaining agreements and the Company considers it relations with its employees to be good.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In the execution of our business strategy, our operations and financial condition are subject to certain risks. A summary of certain material risks is provided below, and you should take such risks into account in evaluating any investment decision involving the Company. This section does not describe all risks applicable to us and is intended only as a summary of certain material factors that could impact our operations in the industries in which we operate. Other sections of this report contain additional information concerning these and other risks.
Risks Relating to Our Business Generally
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We had had net losses $1,241,661 and $199,061 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The net cash used in operations was approximately $273,817 and $30,244 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $6,333,389 on December 31, 2020. These conditions, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months for the issuance date of this report.
Management cannot provide assurance that we will ultimately achieve sufficient profitable operations or become cash flow positive or raise additional debt and/or equity capital. Management believes that our capital resources are not currently adequate to continue operating and maintaining its business strategy for a period of twelve months from the issuance date of this report. The Company may seek to raise capital through additional debt and/or equity financings and generate sufficient revenues to fund its operations in the future.
The Report of our Independent Registered Public Accountant firm issued in connection with our audited consolidated financial statement for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 express substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Our business strategy relating to the development and introduction of new products and services exposes us to risks such as limited customer and/or market acceptance and additional expenditures that may not result in additional net revenue.
An important component of our business strategy is to focus on new products and services that enable us to provide immediate value to our customers. Customer and/or market acceptance of these new products and services cannot be predicted with certainty, and if we fail to execute properly on this strategy or to adapt this strategy as market conditions evolve, our ability to grow revenue and our results of operations may be adversely affected. If we fail to successfully implement our business strategy, our financial performance and our growth could be materially and adversely affected.
If we fail to successfully implement our business strategy, our financial performance and our growth could be materially and adversely affected.
Our future financial performance and success are dependent in large part upon our ability to implement our business strategy successfully. Implementation of our strategy will require effective management of our operational, financial, and human resources and will place significant demands on those resources. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this report for more information regarding our business strategy. There are risks involved in pursuing our strategy, including the ability to hire or retain the personnel necessary to manage our strategy effectively.
In addition to the risks set forth above, implementation of our business strategy could be affected by a number of factors beyond our control, such as increased competition, legal developments, government regulation, general economic conditions, increased operating costs or expenses, and changes in industry trends. We may decide to alter or discontinue certain aspects of our business strategy at any time. If we are not able to implement our business strategy successfully, our long-term growth and profitability may be adversely affected. Even if we are able to implement some or all of the initiatives of our business strategy successfully, our operating results may not improve to the extent we anticipate, or at all.
We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the acquisition of Home Bistro, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
The ultimate success of the acquisition of Home Bistro will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings from combining the business of Home Bistro with our legacy business. Our ability to realize these anticipated benefits and cost savings is subject to certain risks including:
● our ability to successfully combine the business of Home Bistro with our legacy business, including with respect to the integration of our systems and technology;
● whether the combined businesses will perform as currently expected;
● the possibility that we paid more for Home Bistro than the value we will derive from the acquisition; and
● the assumption of known and unknown liabilities of Home Bistro.
If we are not able to successfully combine the business of Home Bistro with our legacy business within the anticipated time frame, or at all, the anticipated cost savings and other benefits of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected, the combined businesses may not perform as expected, and the value of our common stock may be adversely affected.
We cannot provide assurances that Home Bistro’s business and our legacy business can be integrated successfully. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of our ongoing businesses or in unexpected integration issues, higher than expected integration costs, and an overall integration process that takes longer than originally anticipated. In addition, at times, the attention of certain members of our management and resources may be focused on completion of the integration and diverted from day-to-day business operations, which may disrupt our ongoing business. We may experience difficulties associated with the implementation and/or integration of new businesses, services (including outsourced services), technologies, solutions, or products.
We may face difficulties, costs, and delays in effectively implementing and/or integrating acquired businesses, services (including outsourced services), technologies, solutions, or products into our business. Implementing internally developed solutions and products, and/or integrating newly acquired businesses, services (including outsourced services), and technologies could be time-consuming and may strain our resources. Consequently, we may not be successful in implementing and/or integrating these new businesses, services, technologies, solutions, or products and may not achieve anticipated revenue and cost benefits.
We may experience difficulties associated with the implementation and/or integration of new businesses, services (including outsourced services), technologies, solutions, or products.
We may face difficulties, costs, and delays in effectively implementing and/or integrating acquired businesses, services (including outsourced services), technologies, solutions, or products into our business. Implementing internally developed solutions and products, and/or integrating newly acquired businesses, services (including outsourced services), and technologies could be time-consuming and may strain our resources. Consequently, we may not be successful in implementing and/or integrating these new businesses, services, technologies, solutions, or products and may not achieve anticipated revenue and cost benefits.
Changes in macroeconomic conditions may adversely affect our business.
Economic difficulties and other macroeconomic conditions could reduce the demand and/or the timing of purchases for certain of our services from customers and potential customers. In addition, changes in economic conditions could create liquidity and credit constraints. We cannot assure you that we would be able to secure additional financing if needed and, if such funds were available, that the terms and conditions would be acceptable to us.
The effects of the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) have negatively affected the global economy, the United States economy, and the global financial markets, and may disrupt our operations and our clients’ and counterparties’ operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The effects of the outbreak of the novel coronavirus have negatively affected the global economy, the United States economy, and the global financial markets, and may disrupt our operations and our clients’ and counterparties’ operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The ongoing COVID-19 global and national health emergency has caused significant disruption in the international and United States economies and financial markets. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The spread of COVID-19 has caused illness, quarantines, cancellation of events and travel, business and school shutdowns, reduction in business activity and financial transactions, labor shortages, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability. The United States now has the world’s most reported COVID-19 cases, and all 50 states and the District of Columbia have reported cases of individuals infected with COVID-19. All states have declared states of emergency. Similar impacts have been experienced in every country in which we do business. Impacts to our business could be widespread and global, and material impacts may be possible, including the following:
● Our employees contracting COVID-19;
● Reductions in our operating effectiveness as our employees work from home or disaster-recovery locations;
● Unavailability of key personnel necessary to conduct our business activities;
● Unprecedented volatility in global financial markets;
● Reductions in revenue across our operating businesses;
● Closure of our offices or the offices of our clients; and
● De-globalization.
Furthermore, the Company has been following the recommendations of local health authorities to minimize exposure risk for its employees for the past several weeks, including the temporary closures of its offices and having employees work remotely to the extent possible, which has to an extent adversely affected their efficiency. In addition, the cancellation of in-person meetings and conferences has had an adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial condition and has hampered the Company’s ability to meet with customers to promote products, generate revenue and access usual sources of liquidity on reasonable terms, which in turn has negatively impacted the Company’s cash flow and its ability to pay for certain professional services.
The COVID-19 pandemic also has the potential to significantly impact our Home Bistro segment’s supply chain, food manufacturers, distribution centers, or logistics and other service providers. Additionally, our service providers and their operations may be disrupted, temporarily closed or experience worker or meat or other food shortages, which could result in additional disruptions or delays in shipments of our Home Bistro segment’s products.
We are still assessing our business operations and system supports and the impact COVID-19 may have on our results and financial condition, but there can be no assurance that this analysis will enable us to avoid part or all of any impact from the spread of COVID-19 or its consequences, including downturns in business sentiment generally or in our sectors in particular. To date, the Company has been able to avoid layoffs and furloughs of employees.
As the situation continues to evolve, the Company will continue to closely monitor market conditions and respond accordingly.
The further spread of the COVID-19 outbreak may materially disrupt banking and other financial activity generally and in the areas in which we operate. This would likely result in a decline in demand for our products and services, which would negatively impact our liquidity position and our business strategies. Any one or more of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our and our consolidated subsidiaries’ business, operations, consolidated financial condition, and consolidated results of operations.
A failure of our information technology or systems could adversely affect our business.
Our ability to deliver our products and services depends on effectively using information technology. We rely upon our information technology and systems, employees, and third parties for operating and monitoring all major aspects of our business. These technologies and systems and, therefore, our operations could be damaged or interrupted by natural disasters, power loss, network failure, improper operation by our employees, data privacy or security breaches, computer viruses, computer hacking, network penetration or other illegal intrusions or other unexpected events. Any disruption in the operation of our information technology or systems, regardless of the cause, could adversely impact our operations, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
A cybersecurity incident could result in the loss of confidential data, give rise to remediation and other expenses, expose us to liability under consumer protection laws, common law theories or other laws, subject us to litigation and federal and state governmental inquiries, damage our reputation, and otherwise be disruptive to our business.
The nature of our business involves the receipt, storage and use of personal data about our customers, as well as employees. Additionally, we rely upon third parties that are not directly under our control to store and use portions of that personal data as well. The secure maintenance of this and other confidential information or other proprietary information is critical to our business operations. To protect our information systems from attack, damage, and unauthorized use, we have implemented multiple layers of security, including technical safeguards, processes, and our people. Our defenses are monitored and routinely tested internally and by external parties. Despite these efforts, threats from malicious persons and groups, new vulnerabilities, technology failures, and advanced attacks against information systems create risk of cybersecurity incidents. We cannot provide assurance that we or our third-party vendors or other service providers will not be subject to cybersecurity incidents, which may result in unauthorized access by third parties, loss, misappropriation, disclosure or corruption of customer, employee, or our information; or other data subject to privacy laws. Such cybersecurity incidents or delays in responding to or remedying damage caused by such incidents may lead to a disruption in our systems or business, costs to modify, enhance, or remediate our cybersecurity measures, liability under privacy, security and consumer protection laws or litigation under these or other laws, including common law theories, and subject us to enforcement actions, fines, regulatory proceedings or litigation against us, damage to our business reputation, a reduction in participation and sales of our products and services, and legal obligations to notify customers or other affected individuals about an incident, which could cause us to incur substantial costs and negative publicity, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and harm our business reputation.
As a result, cybersecurity and the continued development and enhancement of our controls, processes and practices remain a priority for us. We may be required to expend significant additional resources in our efforts to modify or enhance our protective measures against evolving threats or to investigate and remediate any cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
Our business is subject to changing privacy and security laws, rules, and regulations, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act and other state privacy regulations, which impact our operating costs and for which failure to adhere could negatively impact our business.
Our business is subject to various privacy and data security laws, regulations, and codes of conduct that apply to our various business units (e.g., Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards and Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”)). These laws and regulations may be inconsistent across jurisdictions and are subject to evolving and differing (sometimes conflicting) interpretations. While we are using internal and external resources to monitor compliance with and to continue to modify our data processing practices and policies in order to comply with evolving privacy laws, relevant regulatory authorities could determine that our data handling practices fail to address all the requirements of certain new laws, which could subject us to penalties and/or litigation. Government regulators, privacy advocates and class action attorneys are increasingly scrutinizing how companies collect, process, use, store, share and transmit personal data. This increased scrutiny may result in new interpretations of existing laws as well as new laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, and information security proposed and enacted in various jurisdictions, thereby further impacting our business. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), went into effect on January 1, 2020, and it applies broadly to information that identifies or is associated with any California household or individual, and compliance with the new law requires that we implement several operational changes, including processes to respond to individuals’ data access and deletion requests. Failure to comply with the CCPA may result in attorney general enforcement action and damage to our reputation. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. We may also be exposed to litigation, regulatory fines, penalties or other sanctions if the personal, confidential or proprietary information of our customers is mishandled or misused by any of our suppliers, counterparties or other third parties, or if such third parties do not have appropriate controls in place to protect such personal, confidential or proprietary information. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the collection, use, dissemination, and security of data. The obligations imposed by the CCPA and other similar laws that may be enacted at the federal and state level may require us to modify our business practices and policies and to incur substantial expenditures in order to comply.
We depend on our management team.
The Company’s future success primarily depends on the efforts of the existing management team, particularly, Zalmi Duchman, our Chief Executive Officer. Loss of the services of Mr. Duchman could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business prospects. We do not carry “key-man” life insurance on the lives of any of our employees or advisors. As sufficient funds become available, the Company intends to hire additional qualified personnel. Significant competition exists for such personnel and, accordingly, our compensation costs may increase significantly. The Company believes it will be able to recruit and retain personnel with the skills required for present needs and future growth but cannot assure it will be successful in those efforts.
In order to be successful, we must attract, engage, retain, and integrate key employees and have adequate succession plans in place, and failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract, engage, retain, and integrate qualified executives and other key employees throughout all areas of our business. Identifying, developing internally, or hiring externally, training and retaining highly skilled managerial and other personnel are critical to our future, and competition for experienced employees can be intense. Failure to successfully hire executives and key employees or the loss of any executives and key employees could have a significant impact on our operations. The loss of services of any key personnel, the inability to retain and attract qualified personnel in the future, or delays in hiring may harm our business and results of operations. Further, changes in our management team may be disruptive to our business, and any failure to successfully integrate key newly hired employees could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We face competition for staffing, which may increase our labor costs and reduce profitability.
We compete with other food and beverage services providers in recruiting qualified management, including executives with the required skills and experience to operate and grow our business, and staff personnel for the day-to-day operations of our business. These challenges may require us to enhance wages and benefits to recruit and retain qualified management and other professionals. Difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified management and other professionals, or in controlling labor costs, could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.
We are or may become a party to litigation that could potentially force us to pay significant damages and/or harm our reputation.
We could be subject to certain legal proceedings, which potentially involve large claims and significant defense costs (see “Legal Proceedings”). These legal proceedings and any other claims that we may face in the future, whether with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, and divert the time, attention, and resources of our management. The coverage limits of our insurance policies may not be adequate to cover all such claims and some claims may not be covered by insurance. Additionally, insurance coverage with respect to some claims against us or our directors and officers may not be available on terms that would be favorable to us, or the cost of such coverage could increase in the future. Further, although we believe that we have conducted our operations in compliance with applicable statutory and contractual requirements and that we have meritorious defenses to outstanding claims, it is possible that resolution of these legal matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, legal expenses associated with the defense of these matters may be material to our results of operations in a particular financial reporting period.
Third parties may infringe on our brands, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights, which may have an adverse impact on our business.
We currently rely on a combination of trademark and other intellectual property laws and confidentiality procedures to establish and protect our proprietary rights, including our brands. If we fail to successfully enforce our intellectual property rights, the value of our brands, services and products could be diminished and our business may suffer. Our precautions may not prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property. Any legal action that we may bring to protect our brands and other intellectual property could be unsuccessful and expensive and could divert management’s attention from other business concerns. In addition, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of intellectual property, especially in Internet-related businesses, are uncertain and evolving. We cannot assure you that these evolving legal standards will sufficiently protect our intellectual property rights in the future.
We may be subject to intellectual property rights claims.
Third parties may make claims against us alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights. Any intellectual property claims, regardless of merit, could be time-consuming and expensive to litigate or settle and could significantly divert management’s attention from other business concerns. In addition, if we were unable to successfully defend against such claims, we may have to pay damages, stop selling the service or product or stop using the software, technology or content found to be in violation of a third party’s rights, seek a license for the infringing service, product, software, technology, or content or develop alternative non-infringing services, products, software, technology or content. If we cannot license on reasonable terms, develop alternatives, or stop using the service, product, software, technology or content for any infringing aspects of our business, we may be forced to limit our service and product offerings. Any of these results could reduce our revenue and our ability to compete effectively, increase our costs or harm our business.
Damage to our reputation could harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects.
Our ability to attract and retain customers and employees is impacted by our reputation. Harm to our reputation can arise from various sources, including employee misconduct, cyber security breaches, unethical behavior, litigation, or regulatory outcomes, which could, among other consequences, increase the size and number of litigations claims and damages asserted or subject us to enforcement actions, fines and penalties and cause us to incur related costs and expenses.
We rely on third parties to provide us with adequate food supply, freight and fulfillment and Internet and networking services, the loss or disruption of any of which could cause our revenue, earnings, or reputation to suffer.
We rely on third-party manufacturers to supply all of the food and other products we sell as well as packaging materials. If we are unable to obtain sufficient quantity, quality and variety of food, other products, and packaging materials in a timely and low-cost manner from our manufacturers, we will be unable to fulfill our customers’ orders in a timely manner, which may cause us to lose revenue and market share or incur higher costs, as well as damage the value of our brands.
Currently, all of our Home Bistro order fulfillment is handled by one third-party provider. Also, almost all of our direct-to-consumer Home Bistro customer orders are shipped by one third-party provider and almost all of our orders for Home Bistro retail programs are shipped by another third-party provider. Should these providers be unable to service our needs for even a short duration, our revenue and business could be adversely affected. Additionally, the cost and time associated with replacing these providers on short notice would add to our costs. Any replacement fulfillment provider would also require startup time, which could cause us to lose sales and market share.
Our business also depends on a number of third parties for Internet access and networking, and we have limited control over these third parties. Should our network connections go down, our ability to fulfill orders would be delayed. Further, if our websites or call center become unavailable for a noticeable period of time due to Internet or communication failures, our business could be adversely affected, including harm to our brands and loss of sales.
Therefore, we are dependent on these third parties. The services we require from these parties may be disrupted by a number of factors, including the following:
● labor disruptions;
● delivery problems;
● financial condition or results of operations;
● internal inefficiencies;
● equipment failure;
● severe weather;
● fire;
● natural or man-made disasters; and
● with respect to our food suppliers, shortages of ingredients or United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) or United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) compliance issues.
Further, if a regional or global health epidemic or pandemic occurs, such as COVID-19, depending upon its location, duration and severity, our business could be severely affected. A regional or global health epidemic or pandemic might also adversely affect our business by disrupting the operations of our call center, creating negative popular sentiment among consumers of delivered food, or by disrupting or delaying our third-party providers’ ability to, among other things (i) supply the products that we sell, as well as packaging materials, (ii) fulfill segment customer orders and (iii) provide internet and networking services.
Our industries are highly competitive. If any of our competitors or a new entrant into the market with significant resources has products similar to ours, our business could be significantly affected.
Competition is intense in the meal delivery services industry and the beverage industry and we must remain competitive in the areas of program efficacy, price, taste, customer service and brand recognition. Some of our competitors are significantly larger than we are and have substantially greater resources. Our business could be adversely affected if someone with significant resources decided to imitate our services or products. Any increased competition from new entrants into our segments’ industry or any increased success by existing competition could result in reductions in our sales or prices, or both, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
If we do not continue to receive referrals from existing Home Bistro segment customers, our Home Bistro segment’s customer acquisition cost may increase.
We rely on word-of-mouth advertising for a portion of our new Home Bistro segment customers. If our brands suffer or the number of customers acquired through referrals drops due to other circumstances, our costs associated with acquiring new Home Bistro segment customers and generating revenue will increase, which will, in turn, have an adverse effect on our profitability.
Changes in customer preferences could negatively impact our operating results.
Our Home Bistro segment programs feature gourmet online meal delivery service selections, which we believe offer convenience and value to our customers. Our continued success depends, to a large degree, upon the continued popularity of our Home Bistro segment programs versus various other food services. Changes in customer tastes and preferences away from our ready-to-go food, and any failure to provide innovative responses to these changes, may have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.
Our success is also dependent on our food innovation including maintaining a robust array of food items and improving the quality of existing items. If we do not continually expand our food items or provide customers with items that are desirable in taste and quality, our business could be adversely impacted.
The industry in which our Home Bistro segment operates is subject to governmental regulation that could increase in severity and hurt results of operations.
The industry in which our Home Bistro segment operates is subject to federal, state, and other governmental regulation. Certain federal and state agencies, such as the FTC, regulate and enforce such laws relating to advertising, disclosures to customers, privacy, customer pricing and billing arrangements and other customer protection matters. A determination by a federal or state agency, or a court, that any of our practices do not meet existing or new laws or regulations could result in liability, adverse publicity, and restrictions on our business operations.
Other aspects of the industry in which our Home Bistro segment operates are also subject to government regulation. For example, the manufacturing, labeling and distribution of food products are subject to strict USDA and FDA requirements and food manufacturers are subject to rigorous inspection and other requirements of the USDA and FDA, and companies operating in foreign markets must comply with those countries’ requirements for proper labeling, controls on hygiene, food preparation and other matters. Additionally, remedies available in any potential administrative or regulatory actions may include product recalls and requiring us to refund amounts paid by all affected customers or pay other damages, which could be substantial.
Laws and regulations directly applicable to communications, operations, or commerce over the Internet such as those governing intellectual property, privacy, libel and taxation, are becoming more prevalent and some remain unsettled. If we are required to comply with new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, or if we are unable to comply with these laws, regulations or interpretations, our business could be adversely affected.
Future laws or regulations, including laws or regulations affecting our marketing and advertising practices, relations with customers, employees, service providers, or our services and products, may have an adverse impact on us.
The sale of ingested products involves product liability and other risks.
Like other distributors of products that are ingested, we face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims if the use of our products results in illness or injury. The foods that we resell in the U.S. are subject to laws and regulations, including those administered by the USDA and FDA that establish manufacturing practices and quality standards for food products. Product liability claims could have a material adverse effect on our business as existing insurance coverage may not be adequate. The successful assertion or settlement of an uninsured claim, a significant number of insured claims or a claim exceeding the limits of our insurance coverage would harm us by adding costs to the business and by diverting the attention of senior management from the operation of our business. We may also be subject to claims that our Home Bistro segment products contain contaminants, are improperly labeled, include inadequate instructions as to use or inadequate warnings covering interactions with other substances. Product liability litigation, even if not meritorious, is very expensive and could also entail adverse publicity for us and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, the products we distribute, or certain components of those products, may be subject to product recalls or other deficiencies. Any negative publicity associated with these actions would adversely affect our brands and may result in decreased product sales and, as a result, lower revenue, and profits.
Risks Related to an Investment in Our Common Stock
There is currently a limited public market for our common stock, a trading market for our common stock may never develop, and our common stock prices may be volatile and could decline substantially.
Although our common stock is quoted on OTC Markets, OTCQB tier of OTC Markets Group Inc., an over-the-counter quotation system, under the symbol “GRTD,” there has been no material public market for our common stock. In these marketplaces, our stockholders may find it difficult to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of their shares of our common stock and may find few buyers to purchase their stock and few market makers to support its price. As a result of these and other factors, investors may be unable to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price for which they purchased them, at or near quoted bid prices, or at all. Further, an inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling additional equity in the future and may impair our ability to enter into strategic partnerships or acquire companies or products by using shares of our common stock as consideration.
Moreover, there can be no assurance that any stockholders will sell any or all of their shares of common stock and there may initially be a lack of supply of, or demand for, our common stock. In the case of a lack of supply for our common stock, the trading price of our common stock may rise to an unsustainable level, particularly in instances where institutional investors may be discouraged from purchasing our common stock because they are unable to purchase a block of shares in the open market due to a potential unwillingness of our stockholders to sell the amount of shares at the price offered by such investors and the greater influence individual investors have in setting the trading price. In the case of a lack of demand for our common stock, the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly and rapidly at any time.
We intend to list shares of our common stock on a national securities exchange in the future, but we do not now, and may not in the future, meet the initial listing standards of any national securities exchange, which is often a more widely traded and liquid market. Some, but not all, of the factors which may delay or prevent the listing of our common stock on a more widely-traded and liquid market include the following: our stockholders’ equity may be insufficient; the market value of our outstanding securities may be too low; our net income from operations may be too low; our common stock may not be sufficiently widely held; we may not be able to secure market makers for our common stock; and we may fail to meet the rules and requirements mandated by the several exchanges and markets to have our common stock listed. Should we fail to satisfy the initial listing standards of the national exchanges, or our common stock is otherwise rejected for listing, and remains listed on the OTC Markets or is suspended from the OTC Markets, the trading price of our common stock could suffer and the trading market for our common stock may be less liquid and our common stock price may be subject to increased volatility.
Therefore, an active, liquid, and orderly trading market for our common stock may not initially develop or be sustained, which could significantly depress the public price of our common stock and/or result in significant volatility, which could affect your ability to sell your common stock. Even if an active trading market develops for our common stock, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Our financial performance, government regulatory action, tax laws, interest rates and market conditions in general could have a significant impact on the future market price of our common stock.
Our CEO has significant voting power and may take actions that may not be in the best interests of our other stockholders.
Stockholders have limited ability to exercise control over the Company’s daily business affairs and implement changes in its policies because management beneficially owns a majority of the current shares of Common Stock. As of April 20, 2020, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Zalmi Duchman beneficially owns 50.7% of the Common Stock. As directors and officers of the Company, the Company’s management team has a fiduciary duty to the Company and must act in good faith in the manner it reasonably believes to be in the best interest of the members. As stockholders, the management team is entitled to vote its shares in its own interest, which may not always be in the best interest of the stockholders.
We are not subject to the rules of a national securities exchange requiring the adoption of certain corporate governance measures and, as a result, our stockholders do not have the same protections.
We are quoted on the OTCQB marketplace and are not subject to the rules of a national securities exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market. National securities exchanges generally require more rigorous measures relating to corporate governance designed to enhance the integrity of corporate management. The requirements of the OTCQB afford our stockholders fewer corporate governance protections than those of a national securities exchange. Until we comply with such greater corporate governance measures, regardless of whether such compliance is required, our stockholders will have fewer protections such as those related to director independence, stockholder approval rights and governance measures designed to provide board oversight of management.
We do not have a class of our securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act. Until we do, or we become subject to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, we will be a “voluntary filer.”
We are not currently required under Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act to file periodic reports with the SEC. We have in the past voluntarily elected to file some or all of these reports to ensure that sufficient information about us and our operations is publicly available to our stockholders and potential investors. Until we become subject to the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act, we are a “voluntary filer”, and we are currently considered a non-reporting issuer under the Exchange Act. We will not be required to file reports under Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until the earlier to occur of: (i) our registration of a class of securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, which would be required if we list a class of securities on a national securities exchange or if we meet the size requirements set forth in Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, or which we may voluntarily elect to undertake at an earlier date; or (ii) the effectiveness of a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to our common stock. Until we become subject to the reporting requirements under either Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, we are not subject to the SEC’s proxy rules, and large holders of our capital stock will not be subject to beneficial ownership reporting requirements under Sections 13 or 16 of the Exchange Act and their related rules. As a result, our stockholders and potential investors may not have available to them as much or as robust information as they may have if and when we become subject to those requirements. In addition, if we do not register under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and remain a “voluntary filer”, we could cease filing annual, quarterly, or current reports under the Exchange Act.
If our common stock becomes subject to the “penny stock” rules, it could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and increase your transaction costs to sell those shares.
The SEC has adopted Rule 3a51-1, which establishes the definition of a “penny stock” as any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. If the price if our common stock is less than $5.00, our common stock will be deemed a penny stock. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, Rule 15g-9 requires that a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.
Our common stock prices may be volatile which could cause the value of an investment in our common stock to decline.
The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Our financial performance, government regulatory action, tax laws, interest rates and market conditions in general could have a significant impact on the future market price of our common stock. The public price of our common stock may be subject to wide fluctuations in response to the risk factors described in this Annual Report and others beyond our control, including:
● the number of shares of our common stock publicly owned and available for trading;
● actual or anticipated quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors;
● our actual or anticipated operating performance and the operating performance of similar companies in our industry;
● our announcements or our competitors’ announcements regarding, significant contracts, acquisitions, or strategic investments;
● general economic conditions and their impact on the food and beverage markets;
● the overall performance of the equity markets;
● threatened or actual litigation;
● changes in laws or regulations relating to our industry;
● any major change in our board of directors or management;
● publication of research reports about us or our industry or changes in recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts; and
● sales or expected sales of shares of our common stock by us, and our officers, directors, and significant stockholders.
In addition, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company’s securities. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in very substantial costs, divert our management’s attention and resources and harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Because we are a “smaller reporting company,” we will not be required to comply with certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. As a smaller reporting company, we are eligible for exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including, but not limited to:
● Reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements;
● Not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; and
● Reduced disclosure obligations for our annual and quarterly reports, proxy statements and registration statements.
We will remain a smaller reporting company until the end of the fiscal year in which (1) we have a public common equity float of more than $250 million, or (2) we have annual revenues for the most recently completed fiscal year of more than $100 million plus we have any public common equity float or public float of more than $700 million. We also would not be eligible for status as smaller reporting company if we become an investment company, an asset-backed issuer or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company.
We do not expect to pay any cash dividends to the holders of the common stock in the foreseeable future and the availability and timing of future cash dividends, if any, is uncertain.
We expect to use cash flow from future operations to support the growth of our business and do not expect to declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our board of directors will determine the amount and timing of stockholder dividends, if any, that we may pay in future periods. In making this determination, our directors will consider all relevant factors, including the amount of cash available for dividends, capital expenditures, covenants, prohibitions, or limitations with respect to dividends, applicable law, general operational requirements and other variables. We cannot predict the amount or timing of any future dividends you may receive, and if we do commence the payment of dividends, we may be unable to pay, maintain or increase dividends over time. Therefore, you may not be able to realize any return on your investment in our common stock for an extended period of time, if at all.
Future sales of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, may depress our share price, and any additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible securities may dilute your ownership in us.
We may in the future issue our previously authorized and unissued securities. We are authorized to issue 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, preferences, and rights as determined by our board of directors. The potential issuance of such additional shares of common stock will result in the dilution of the ownership interests of the holders of our common stock and may create downward pressure on the trading price, if any, of our common stock.
In connection with the Exchange Agreement and the Merger Agreement, the Company agreed to issue to certain stockholders a warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock.
The exercise, conversion, or exchange of convertible securities, including for other securities, will dilute the percentage ownership of our stockholders. The dilutive effect of the exercise or conversion of these securities may adversely affect our ability to obtain additional capital. The holders of these securities may be expected to exercise or convert such securities at a time when we would be able to obtain additional equity capital on terms more favorable than such securities or when our common stock is trading at a price higher than the exercise or conversion price of the securities. The exercise or conversion of outstanding securities will have a dilutive effect on the securities held by our stockholders. We have in the past, and may in the future, exchange outstanding securities for other securities on terms that are dilutive to the securities held by other stockholders not participating in such exchange.
We may issue preferred stock whose terms could adversely affect the voting power or value of our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations, and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events, or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might grant to holders of preferred stock could affect the value of the common stock.
We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly, particularly after we are no longer a smaller reporting company. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance.
Pursuant to Section 404, we will be required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting, including an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm will be able to conclude within the prescribed timeframe that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. This could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.
We will continue to incur significant costs in staying current with reporting requirements. Our management will be required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives. Additionally, the lack of an internal audit group may result in material misstatements to our financial statements and ability to provide accurate financial information to our stockholders.
Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance initiatives to maintain reporting status. Moreover, these rules and regulations, which are necessary to remain as a public reporting company, will be costly because external third-party consultant(s), attorneys, or other firms may have to assist us in following the applicable rules and regulations for each filing on behalf of the Company.
We currently do not have an internal audit group, and we may eventually need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge to have effective internal controls for financial reporting. Additionally, due to the fact that our officers and directors have limited experience as an officer or director of a reporting company, such lack of experience may impair our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, which may result in material misstatements to our financial statements and an inability to provide accurate financial information to our stockholders.
Moreover, if we are not able to comply with the requirements or regulations as a public reporting company in any regard, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.
Many of our officers and directors lack significant experience in, and with, the reporting and disclosure obligations of publicly traded companies in the United States.
Many of our officers and directors lack significant experience in, and with the reporting and disclosure obligations of publicly traded companies, and with serving as an officer and or director of a publicly traded company. This lack of experience may impair our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, which may result in material misstatements to our financial statements and an inability to provide accurate financial information to our stockholders. Consequently, our operations, future earnings and ultimate financial success could suffer irreparable harm due to our officers’ and director’s ultimate lack of experience in our industry and with publicly traded companies and their reporting requirements in general.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Subsequent to the Merger to acquire Home Bistro Holdings, the Company moved its corporate headquarters from 11231 US Highway One, Suite 200, North Palm Beach, FL 33408 to 4014 Chase Avenue, #212, Miami Beach, FL 33140. Our telephone number, including area code, is (631) 964-1111.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation matters relating to claims arising from the ordinary course of business. While the results of such claims and legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company’s management does not believe that there are claims or actions, pending or threatened against the Company, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is currently approved for quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board (OTCQB) maintained by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. under the symbol “HBIS”. The table below sets forth the high and low closing price per share of our common stock for each quarter during 2020 and 2019. These prices represent inter-dealer quotations without retail markup, markdown, or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
High
Low
Fiscal Year 2020
First Quarter ended March 31, 2020
$ 0.88
$ 0.19
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2020
$ 6.01
$ 0.20
Third Quarter ended September 30, 2020
$ 3.00
$ 0.77
Fourth Quarter Ended December 31, 2020
$ 1.52
$ 0.76
Fiscal Year 2019
First Quarter ended March 31, 2019
$ 3.52
$ 0.81
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2019
$ 2.81
$ 0.96
Third Quarter ended September 30, 2019
$ 1.53
$ 0.61
Fourth Quarter Ended December 31, 2019
$ 1.05
$ 0.36
Holders of Common Stock
As of March 18, 2021, there were approximately 111 record holders of our common stock. The number of record holders does not include beneficial owners of common stock whose shares are held in the names of banks, brokers, nominees, or other fiduciaries.
Dividends
We have not declared cash dividends on our common stock since our inception and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to retain earnings, if any, for use in our operations and in the development of our business. Our future dividend policy will be determined from time to time by our board of directors.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
All unregistered sales of our securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2020, were previously disclosed in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The shares of common stock referenced herein were issued in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by the provisions of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”).
Authorized Capital Stock
The authorized capital of the Company consists of 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Except for the historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. We caution you not to put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Report. Our actual results or actions may differ materially from these forward-looking statements for many reasons. Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. See “CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ON FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION” above. As used herein, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refers to Home Bistro, Inc., a Nevada corporation, and its subsidiaries unless otherwise stated.
Overview
The Company was incorporated in the State of Nevada on December 17, 2009. Effective March 23, 2018, the Company changed its name from Vapir Enterprises, Inc. to Gratitude Health, Inc. On September 14, 2020, the Company changed its name from Gratitude Health, Inc. to Home Bistro, Inc. The Company is in the business of providing prepackaged and prepared meals to consumers focused on offering a broad array of the highest quality meal planning, delivery, and preparation services. The Company’s primary former operations were in the business of manufacturing, selling, and marketing functional RTD (Ready to Drink) beverages sold under the Company’s trademark (the “RTD Business”). The RTD Business was disposed on September 25, 2020 as discussed below.
On April 7, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the increase of authorized shares of common stock from 600,000,000 to 1,000,000,000.
On April 20, 2020, the Company, Fresh Market Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a newly created wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”), and Home Bistro, Inc., a privately-held Delaware corporation engaged in the food preparation and home-delivery business (presently known as Home Bistro Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation) (“Home Bistro Holdings”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, Merger Sub agreed to merge with and into Home Bistro Holdings, with Home Bistro Holdings becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the surviving corporation in the merger (the “Merger”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Home Bistro Holdings filed a Certificate of Merger with the Nevada Secretary of State on April 20, 2020.
On April 20, 2020, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Roy G. Warren, Jr., Mike Edwards, and Bruce Zanca resigned as directors of the Company and Roy G. Warren, Jr. resigned as Chief Operating Officer of the Company. The resignations were not the result of any disagreement related to the Company’s operations, policies, or practices. Furthermore, on April 20, 2020, Mr. Zalmi Duchman, the Chief Executive Officer of Home Bistro Holdings, Michael Finkelstein and Michael Novielli were appointed as directors of the Company. In addition, Mr. Duchman was appointed Chief Executive Officer.
The Merger constituted a change of control and the majority of the Board of Directors changed with the consummation of the Merger. The Company issued to the stockholders of Home Bistro Holdings shares of common stock and stock warrants which represented approximately 80% of the combined company on a fully converted basis after the closing of the Merger. As a result of the above transactions and the Company’s intent to dispose or divest the assets and liabilities associated with the RTD Business, this transaction was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization effected by a share exchange of Home Bistro Holdings. The consolidated interim financial statements are those of Home Bistro Holdings (the accounting acquirer) prior to the Merger and include the activity of the Company (the accounting acquiree) from the date of the Merger.
On September 14, 2020, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation to effect (i) a 1 for 31.993 reverse stock split of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share, with fractional shares rounding up to the nearest whole share (the “Reverse Stock Split”), and (ii) the change of the Company’s name from “Gratitude Health, Inc.” to “Home Bistro, Inc.”. All share and per-share data and amounts have been retroactively adjusted as of the earliest period presented in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.
On Sept. 14, 2020, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority approved the Company’s symbol change from “GRTD” to “HBIS”, effective twenty (20) business days from the approval date.
On September 25, 2020, the Company entered into, and closed the transactions contemplated by, that certain Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, Gratitude Keto Holdings, Inc., a Florida corporation (the “Buyer” or “Gratitude Keto”), and the holder of 250,000 of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (such stock, the “Series B Preferred Stock”, and such stockholder, the “Stockholder”). Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, among other things, the Company agreed to sell to the Buyer all of the Company’s business, assets and properties used, or held or developed for use, in its functional RTD Business, and the Buyer agreed to assume certain debts, obligations and liabilities related to the RTD Business. Furthermore, in connection with the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Buyer returned the 250,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by the Stockholder which was then cancelled by the Company upon return. As a result, the Company has no outstanding shares of preferred stock. Additionally, the RTD Business activities were reclassified and reported as part of “discontinued operations” for all periods presented on the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company assumed an accounts payable liability in the amount of $14,000 related to accounting expenses of the RTD Business for a period prior to the Merger. Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Buyer reimbursed the Company for the accounting expenses in amount of $14,000, of which $7,000 was payable in cash and the balance in form of a promissory note dated September 25, 2020 in the amount of $7,000. The promissory note bears an interest rate of 5% per annum, matures on April 25, 2021 and is payable in monthly installments of $1,000 commencing on October 25, 2020 through maturity.
The ongoing COVID-19 global and national health emergency has caused significant disruption in the international and United States economies and financial markets. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The spread of COVID-19 has caused illness, quarantines, cancellation of events and travel, business and school shutdowns, reduction in business activity and financial transactions, labor shortages, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to significantly impact the Company’s supply chain, food manufacturers, distribution centers, or logistics and other service providers. Additionally, the Company’s service providers and their operations may be disrupted, temporarily closed or experience worker or meat or other food shortages, which could result in additional disruptions or delays in shipments of Home Bistro’s products. To date, the Company has been able to avoid layoffs and furloughs of employees. The Company is not able to estimate the duration of the pandemic and potential impact on the business if disruptions or delays in shipments of product occur. To date, the Company is not aware of any such disruptions. In addition, a severe prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to the business, including weakened demand for product and a decreased ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. As the situation continues to evolve, the Company will continue to closely monitor market conditions and respond accordingly. The Company has applied for and received certain financial assistance under the Coronavirus, Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) enacted in March 2020 by the U.S. Government in response to COVID-19.
Results of Operations
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
The Company is in the business of providing prepackaged and prepared meals to consumers focused on offering a broad array of the highest quality meal delivery, and preparation services.
Product Sales
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, sales from the food preparation and home-delivery business amounted to $1,335,859 and $836,599, respectively, an increase of $499,260 or 60%.
Cost of Sales
The primary components of cost of sales are royalty fee and food and processing costs directly attributable to fulfilment and the delivery of the product to customers including both inbound and outbound shipping costs.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, cost of sales amounted to $873,289 and $499,396, respectively, an increase of $373,893 or 75% due to increase in sales and royalty fee.
Operating Expenses
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, operating expenses consisted of the following:
Year Ended
December 31,
Compensation and related expenses $ 547,940 $ 362,526
Professional and consulting expenses 434,450 27,231
Product development expense 360,000 -
Selling and marketing expenses 226,428 57,067
General and administrative expenses 198,082 104,569
Total $ 1,766,900 $ 551,393
● Compensation and related expenses:
During the year ended December 31, 2020, compensation and related expenses amounted to $547,940 as compared to $362,526 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $185,414 or 51%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in employee stock-based compensation in 2020.
● Professional and consulting expenses:
During the year ended December 31, 2020, professional and consulting expenses amounted to $434,450 as compared to $27,231 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $407,219 or 1,495%. The increase was primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation to consultants and legal of $124,219, legal expense of $187,318 and accounting and auditing expense of $86,713 in 2020.
● Product development expense:
During the year ended December 31, 2020, product development expenses amounted to $360,000 as compared to $0 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $360,000, or 100%. The increase was primarily due to the grant of warrant to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with grant date fair value of $360,000 in 2020 in connection with the execution of that Joint Production Development and Distribution Agreement.
● Selling and marketing expenses:
During the year ended December 31, 2020, selling and marketing expenses to $226,428 as compared to $57,067 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $169,361, or 297%. The increase was primarily due to stock-based compensation to a vendor of $11,717 and increase in marketing activities in 2020 in connection with the execution of that Joint Production Development and Distribution Agreement.
● General and administrative expenses:
During the year ended December 31, 2020, general and administrative expenses amounted to $198,082 as compared to $104,569 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $93,513 or 89%. The increase was primarily due to increase in operational expenses such as rent for a kitchen facility for the Company.
Loss from Operations
During the year ended December 31, 2020, loss from operations amounted to $1,304,330 as compared to $214,190 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $1,215,507 or 509%. The increase was due to the changes discussed above.
Other Income
● During year ended December 31, 2020, other income, net amounted to $24,466 as compared to other income, net of $15,129 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase in other income, net of $9,337 or 62%. The change was primarily due to increase in interest expense of $16,583, a decrease in gain on extinguishment of accounts payable of $11,395 offset by an increase in gain from change in fair value of derivative liabilities of $32,315 and an increase in other income of $5,000 grant received from the SBA under the SBA’s Economic Injury Disaster Loan assistance program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
Loss from continuing operations
● During the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a loss from continuing operations of $1,279,864 or $(0.07) per common share (basic and diluted), compared to a loss from continuing operations of $199,061 or $(0.02) per common share (basic and diluted) for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $1,080,833 or 543%. The increase was due to the changes discussed above.
Income from discontinued operations
● During the year ended December 31, 2020, we had income from discontinued operations of $38,203 compared to income from discontinued operations of $0 for of the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $38,203 or 100%. The increase was due to the Merger and disposal of the RTD Business segment.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is the ability of an enterprise to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet its needs for cash requirements. We had a working capital deficit of $466,178 and cash of $447,354 as of December 31, 2020 and a working capital deficit of $271,679 and $7,137 of cash as of December 31, 2019.
December 31,
December 31,
Change
Percentage
Change
Working capital deficit:
Total current assets $ 480,942 $ 8,053 $ 472,889 5,872 %
Total current liabilities (947,120 ) (279,732 ) (667,388 ) 239 %
Working capital deficit: $ (466,178 ) $ (271,679 ) $ (194,499 ) 72 %
The increase in working capital deficit was primarily attributable to an increase in current assets of $472,889 and an increase in current liabilities of $667,388.
Cash Flows
The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flows:
Year Ended
December 31,
Net cash used in operating activities $ (273,816 ) $ (30,244 )
Net cash provided by investing activities 1,749 -
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 712,284 (11,900 )
Net change in cash $ 440,217 $ (42,144 )
We have an accumulated deficit and have incurred operating losses since our inception and expect losses to continue during fiscal year 2020. This raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to raise additional capital, implement its business plan and generate sufficient revenues. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $273,816 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to $30,244 for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $243,572 or 805%.
● Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily reflected our net loss of $1,241,661 adjusted for the add-back on non-cash items such as depreciation expense of $440, stock-based compensation of $213,841 and commons stock and warrants issued for services of $609,740, amortization of debt discount of $7,983, offset by gain on extinguishment of accounts payable of $7,075, and gain from change in fair value of derivative liabilities $32,315 and changes in operating asset and liabilities consisting primarily of an increase of prepaid expenses and other current assets of $8,896, an increase in unredeemed gift cards of $37,946, an increase in accrued expense and other liabilities of $102,201 and an increase in accounts payable of $43,980.
● Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily reflected our net loss of $199,061 adjusted for the add-back on non-cash items such as stock-based compensation of $183,294, gain on extinguishment of accounts payable of $18,470 and changes in operating asset and liabilities consisting primarily of a decrease in inventory of $7,306, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $7,428, an increase in unredeemed gift cards of $399 offset by a decrease in accounts payable of $11,140.
Net Cash Provided Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $1,749 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to nil for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $1,749 or 100%.
● Net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of cash acquired from an acquisition of $4,917 offset by acquisition of property and equipment of $3,168.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $712,284 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to net cash used amounting to $11,900 for the year ended December 31, 2019, a change of $724,184 or 6,086%.
● Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of proceeds from sale of warrants of $100,005, notes payable of $171,612, advances payable of $140,840 and convertible notes payable of $384,100 offset by repayments of note payable - in default and advance payable in total amount of $84,273.
● Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019, consisted of proceeds from sale of common stock of $3,000 and advance payable of $23,000 off set by repayments of note payable - in default and advance payable in total amount of $37,900.
Cash Requirements
We currently have no external sources of liquidity, such as arrangements with credit institutions or off-balance sheet arrangements that will have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition or immediate access to capital. As noted above and below, the Company received a loan in the aggregate amount of $14,612 under the Paycheck Protection Program of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, and a loan in the aggregate amount of $150,000 from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan assistance program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We are dependent on our product sales to fund our operations and may require the sale of additional common stock and preferred stock to maintain operations. Our officers and directors have made no written commitments with respect to providing a source of liquidity in the form of cash advances, loans, and/or financial guarantees.
Going Concern
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had net loss and cash used in operations of $1,241,661 and $273,817, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had an accumulated deficit, stockholders’ deficit, and working capital deficit of $6,333,389, $1,914,994 and $466,178, respectively. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months from the issuance date of this report. The Company’s primary source of operating funds in 2020 was primarily from the third-party advances and proceeds from note payables. The Company has experienced net losses from operations since inception but expects these conditions to improve in the near term and beyond as it develops its business model.
Management cannot provide assurance that the Company will ultimately achieve profitable operations or become cash flow positive or raise additional debt and/or equity capital. Management believes that the Company’s capital resources are not currently adequate to continue operating and maintaining its business strategy for a period of twelve months from the issuance date of this report. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital or secure additional lending in the near future, management expects that the Company will need to curtail or cease operations. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires our management to make assumptions, estimates, and judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of our financial statements. These accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments.
We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We believe the critical accounting policies in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements appearing in our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 included in this Form 10-K, affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the assumptions used in the redemption recognition method for unredeemed gift cards, collectability of note receivable, estimates of current and deferred income taxes and deferred tax valuation allowances, valuation of derivative liabilities, and the fair value of non-cash equity transactions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
FASB ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FASB ASC 820 requires disclosures about the fair value of all financial instruments, whether or not recognized, for financial statement purposes. Disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments are based on pertinent information available to the Company on December 31, 2020. Accordingly, the estimates presented in these financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized on disposition of the financial instruments. FASB ASC 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement).
The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
Level 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.
The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, due from and to related parties, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.
Derivative Liabilities
The Company has certain financial instruments that are embedded derivatives associated with capital raises. The Company evaluates all its financial instruments to determine if those contracts or any potential embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815-10 - Derivative and Hedging - Contract in Entity’s Own Equity. This accounting treatment requires that the carrying amount of any derivatives be recorded at fair value at issuance and marked-to-market at each balance sheet date. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, as is the case with the Company, the change in the fair value during the period is recorded as either other income or expense. Upon conversion, exercise or repayment, the respective derivative liability is marked to fair value at the conversion, repayment, or exercise date and then the related fair value amount is reclassified to other income or expense as part of gain or loss on debt extinguishment.
In July 2017, FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features. These amendments simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with down-round features. The amendments require companies to disregard the down-round feature when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to its own stock, for purposes of determining liability or equity classification. For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of the ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenues consist of high quality, direct-to-consumer, ready-made meals that can be ordered by customers through www.homebistro.com, and restaurant quality meats and seafood through its Colorado Prime Brand. Revenues from the Company’s ready-made meals are recognized when the product is delivered to the customer and title has transferred, it is at this point in time that the Company’s performance obligations have been completed. Product sales are recorded net of any discounts or allowances and include shipping charges.
Customers can purchase gift cards via phone or online through the Company’s e-commerce website. Gift card purchases are initially recorded as unredeemed gift card liabilities and are recognized as product sales upon redemption. Historically, the majority of gift cards are redeemed within two years of issuance. The Company does not charge administrative fees on unused gift cards, and its gift cards do not have an expiration date.
Based on historical redemption patterns, a portion of issued gift cards are not expected to be redeemed (breakage). The Company uses the redemption recognition method for recognizing breakage related to unredeemed gift cards for which it has sufficient historical redemption information. Under the redemption recognition method, breakage revenue is recorded in proportion to, and over the time period gift cards are actually redeemed. The estimated breakage rate is based on historical issuance and redemption patterns and is re-assessed by the Company on a regular basis. At least three years of historical data, which is updated annually, is used to estimate redemption patterns.
Inflation and Changing Prices
Neither inflation nor changing prices for the year ended December 31, 2020 had a material impact on our operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and the reports of our independent registered public accounting firm required pursuant to this Item are included in Item 15 of this report and are presented beginning on page.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e), promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated our company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that as of December 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. The ineffectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was due to material weaknesses, which we identified, in our report on internal control over financial reporting.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. Our management’s evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting was based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that as of December 31, 2020, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective.
The ineffectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting was due to the following material weaknesses which we identified in our internal control over financial reporting:
(1) the lack of multiples levels of management review on complex accounting and financial reporting issues, and business transactions,
(2) a lack of adequate segregation of duties and necessary corporate accounting resources in our financial reporting process and accounting function as a result of our limited financial resources to support hiring of personnel and implementation of accounting systems, and
(3) a lack of operational controls and lack of controls over assets by the acquired subsidiaries.
We expect to be materially dependent upon third parties to provide us with accounting consulting services related to accounting services for the foreseeable future. We believe this will be sufficient to remediate the material weaknesses related to our accounting discussed above. Until such time as we have a chief financial officer with the requisite expertise in U.S. GAAP, there are no assurances that the material weaknesses and significant deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures will not result in errors in our consolidated financial statements which could lead to a restatement of those financial statements.
A material weakness is a deficiency or a combination of control deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer do not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additional controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to SEC rules that permit us to provide only management’s report on internal control over financial reporting in this annual report on Form 10-K.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the year ended December 31, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Board of Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth the names, positions and ages of our directors and executive officers as of the date of this report.
Name Age Position
Zalmi Duchman Chief Executive Officer and Secretary and Director
Michael Finkelstein Director
Michael Novielli Director
Biographical information concerning the directors and executive officers listed above is set forth below. The information presented includes information each individual has given us about all positions they hold and their principal occupation and business experience for the past five years. In addition to the information presented below regarding each director’s specific experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills that led our board to conclude that he should serve as a director, we also believe that all of our directors have a reputation for integrity, honesty, and adherence to high ethical standards. Each has demonstrated business acumen and an ability to exercise sound judgment, as well as a commitment of service to our company and our board of directors.
Zalmi Duchman. Mr. Duchman has been the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Secretary, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Company since April 20, 2020. Mr. Duchman also serves as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Home Bistro Holdings since March 2018 and a member of its Board of Directors since March 2018. Mr. Duchman founded The Fresh Diet, Inc. in 2005 and served as its Chief Executive Officer until July 2013 and its Chairman of the Board from July 2013 until its August 2014 acquisition. Mr. Duchman and The Fresh Diet, Inc. have earned numerous prestigious accolades over the years, including making the Inc. 500 list consecutively in 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Forbes Top 20 Most Promising U.S. Companies List in 2011 and 2012, as well as being an Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year nominee in both 2009 and 2011. The Miami Herald named Duchman as one of Miami’s leading “20 under 40”. Mr. Duchman is well qualified to serve as the Chief Executive Officer due to his extensive experience in the management and operation of companies in the Company’s industry, and his previous leadership experience as an entrepreneur, chairman and chief executive officer.
Michael Finkelstein. Mr. Finkelstein has been a member of Board of Directors of the Company since April 20, 2020. From 2013 to present, Mr. Finkelstein has consulted with family offices in New York City and Europe as a reorganization and problem-solving specialist and has founded and run a high-quality catering business. From 2003 to 2013, Michael co-founded a “pipe fund” with a U.S. partner which grew at its peak into a $100 million dollar entity and was liquidated in 2013. His public accounting, financial and taxation experience is primarily derived from his time at Arthur Andersen & Co. where he rose to the high level of income tax manager. Mr. Finkelstein became one of Canada’s top producing investment advisors after departing public accounting and was a multiple award winner at his firm in the investment services business. Michael is a graduate of McGill University with a Major in Economics. Michael received his diploma in public accounting after his B.A. at McGill and successfully completed the chartered accountancy exams in Canada. Mr. Finkelstein is well qualified to serve as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company due to his extensive experience in the financial and accounting industries.
Michael Novielli. Mr. Novielli has been a member of the Company’s Board of Directors since April 20, 2020. Since January 2020, Mr. Novielli has been a Managing Partner of Hudson View Capital Management, a corporate advisory and investment firm. From 1996 to 2019, he was a Managing Partner of Dutchess Capital which invested in over 200 growth-stage companies, with a total transaction value exceeding $1 billion. Mr. Novielli was a member of the firm’s investment committee and also served on the board of directors of the firm’s portfolio companies. He helped engineer the firm’s expansion into Europe, Asia, Australia, and Latin America and also led the firm’s private to public strategy, as well as restructurings and workouts of its distressed portfolio, which included corporate divestitures, asset sales, ABCs, and bankruptcy. Mr. Novielli has over 30 years’ experience in asset management, corporate finance, advisory and investment banking. He began his investment career with PaineWebber (now UBS), and held previous positions in corporate accounting and finance with PHH Corp., a Fortune 100 company. Mr. Novielli graduated with a BS in Business from the University of South Florida and completed post-graduate Business studies at Colorado State University. Mr. Novielli is well qualified to serve as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company due to his extensive financial and investment experience.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
Zalmi Duchman is the founder of Fresh Diet Inc. (“Fresh Diet”). On or around July 29, 2016, Fresh Diet undertook an assignment of all of its assets to Seth Heller, as assignee for the benefit of Fresh Diet’s creditors (“Fresh Diet Assignee”). On August 1, 2016, Fresh Diet Assignee initiated state-level insolvency proceedings on behalf of Fresh Diet (an assignment for the benefit of creditors), captioned In re The Fresh Diet, Inc., Case No. 2016-019789-CA-01 (Fla. 11th Cir. Ct.) before the Circuit Court of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit in and for Miami-Dade County, Florida.
Except as set forth above, to the best of our knowledge, none of our directors, executive officer or promoter and control person (as identified under “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions”) has, during the past ten years:
● been convicted in a criminal proceeding or been subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);
● had any bankruptcy petition filed by or against the business or property of the person, or of any partnership, corporation, or business association of which he was a general partner or executive officer, either at the time of the bankruptcy filing or within two years prior to that time;
● been subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction or federal or state authority, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting, his involvement in any type of business, securities, futures, commodities, investment, banking, savings and loan, or insurance activities, or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;
● been found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;
● been the subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated (not including any settlement of a civil proceeding among private litigants), relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
● been the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity, or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
Except as set forth in our discussion below in “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” none of our directors or executive officers has been involved in any transactions with us or any of our directors, executive officers, affiliates, or associates which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Committees; Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our board does not have an Audit Committee or other committees.
Changes in Nominating Procedures
None.
Family Relationships
None of the directors and officers is related to any other director or officer of the Company.
Board Oversight in Risk Management
Our Chief Executive Officer, who is our principal executive officer, also serves on the Board of Directors, and we do not have a lead director. In the context of risk oversight, we believe that our selection of one person to serve in both positions provides the Board with additional perspective which combines the operational experience of a member of management with the oversight focus of a member of the Board. The business and operations of our Company are managed by our Board as a whole, including oversight of various risks, such as operational and liquidity risks that our Company faces. Because our Board includes a member of our management, this individual is responsible for both the day-to-day management of the risks we face as well as the responsibility for the oversight of risk management.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth information concerning the total compensation paid during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
(i) our principal executive officer or other individual serving in a similar capacity during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019;
(ii) our named executive officers during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019;
(iii) individuals for whom disclosure would have been required but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
FOR OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Name and Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Stock Awards Option Awards All Other Compensation Total
Zalmi Duchman $ 43,750 $ - $ 97,720 (2) $ - $ - $ 141,470
Chief Executive Officer; $ 1 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1
Chief Executive Officer (1)
Roy G. Warren $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Former Chief Executive Officer (3) $ 50,769 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 50,769
Roy G. Warren, Jr. $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Former Chief Operating Officer (4) $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Andrew Schamisso $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Former President (5) $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
(1) Mr. Duchman was appointed to serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company on April 20, 2020 and continue to serve as the Chief Executive Officer of Home Bistro Holdings.
(2) Mr. Duchman was granted 4,746 shares of Home Bistro Holdings common stock with grant date fair value of $97,720 as bonus in April 2020. These shares of Home Bistro Holdings common stock were converted into 2,242,924 shares of the Company’s common stock post-merger and post-reverse stock split.
(3) Roy G. Warren was the Chief Executive Officer of the Company from March 29, 2018 until his death on July 1, 2019.
(4) Roy G. Warren, Jr. was the Chief Operating Officer and a director of the Company from August 9, 2019 until his resignation on April 20, 2020.
(5) Mr. Schamisso was the President of the Company from March 29, 2018 until his termination on April 9, 2020.
Employment Agreement with Executives
On February 20, 2018, the Home Bistro Holdings entered into an employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) with Zalmi Scher Duchman to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, the term of which runs for three years includes an annual salary of $1.00 for the first year which shall be increased in the second and third year of employment to an amount mutually approved by Mr. Duchman and the Company’s Board of Directors. Thereafter, the Employment Agreement shall be renewed upon the mutual agreement of Mr. Duchman and Company. In connection with this Employment Agreement, the Company issued 7,643,239 (retroactively restated to reflect shares issued in Merger and post reverse stock split) shares of restricted common stock with a grant date fair value of $549,882, as a sign-on bonus. The Company shall have the right and option to repurchase the stock at par value of $0.001 if Mr. Duchman is terminated for cause; (i) all of the shares shall be eligible for stock repurchase if terminated for cause within the first year; (ii) 2/3 of the shares shall be eligible for stock repurchase terminated for cause within the second year and; (iii) 1/3 of the shares shall be eligible for stock repurchase terminated for cause within the third year.
Outstanding Equity Awards at 2020 Fiscal Year-End for Named Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information concerning the outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2020, for each named executive officer.
Option Awards Stock Awards
Name Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Unearned Options Option Exercise Price($) Option Expiration Date Number of Shares or Units of Stock that Have Not Vested Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock that Have Not Vested Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights that Have Not Vested Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights that Have Not Vested
Zalmi Duchman (1) - - - - - - - - -
Roy G. Warren (2) - - - - - - - - -
Roy G. Warren, Jr. (3) - - - - - - - - -
Andrew Schamisso (4) - - - - - - - - -
(1) Mr. Duchman was appointed the Chief Executive Officer of the Company on April 20, 2020 and has been the Chief Executive Officer of Home Bistro Holdings, Inc since March 2018.
(2) Roy G. Warren was the Chief Executive Officer of the Company from March 29, 2018 until his death on July 1, 2019.
(3) Roy G. Warren, Jr. was the Chief Operating Officer and a director of the Company from August 9, 2019 until his resignation on April 20, 2020.
(4) Mr. Schamisso was the President of the Company from March 29, 2018 until his termination on April 9, 2020.
Compensation of Directors
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the compensation paid to our directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020:
Name Fees earned or cash paid Stock Awards Option Awards All other compensation Total
Zalmi Duchman $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Michael Finkelstein $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Michael Novielli $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal. Officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board.
Our directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred by them in connection with attending board meetings, but they do not receive any other compensation for serving on the board.
Resignation, Retirement, Other Termination, or Change in Control Arrangements
We do not have arrangements in respect of remuneration received or that may be received by our executive officers to compensate such officers in the event of termination of employment (as a result of resignation, retirement, change of control) or a change of responsibilities following a change of control.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following tables sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 15, 2021 by (i) each person (or group of affiliated persons) who is known by us to own more than five percent of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (ii) each director, executive officer, and director nominee, and (iii) all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
The number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by each person is determined under the rules of the SEC and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares as to which such person has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also any shares which the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days after the date hereof, through the exercise of any stock option, warrant or other right. Unless otherwise indicated, each person has sole investment and voting power (or shares such power with his or her spouse) with respect to the shares set forth in the following table. The inclusion herein of any shares deemed beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership of those shares.
Common Stock
Name and Address Beneficial Ownership Percentage of Class (1)
Officers and Directors
Zalmi Duchman, 4014 Chase Avenue, #212 Miami Beach, FL 33140 (2) 8,956,164 46.11 %
Michael Finkelstein, 4014 Chase Avenue, #212 Miami Beach, FL 33140 (3) 115,066 *
Michael Novielli, 4014 Chase Avenue, #212 Miami Beach, FL 33140 (4) 934,516 4.81 %
All officers/directors as a group (3 persons) 10,005,746 51.52 %
* Less than 1%.
(1) Based on shares of common stock outstanding and common stock issuable of 19,422,300 shares as of March 18, 2021.
(2) All of shares of Common Stock are held by Fresh Brands LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Fresh Brands”). Mr. Duchman and his wife own 100% of the membership interests in Fresh Brands in tenancy-by-entirety, and accordingly, Mr. Duchman has shared voting power and shared dispositive power over such shares.
(3) All shares of Common Stock owned by Whalehaven Capital Fund Ltd. Mr. Finkelstein is the Managing Partner of Whalehaven Capital Fund Ltd and thus has sole voting and sole dispositive power over such shares.
(4) All shares of Common Stock owned by Dutchess Capital Partners LLC, an entity which Mr. Novielli is the sole managing partner and has sole voting and dispositive control over the Common Stock owned it (“DCP”) and excludes all warrants held by Mr. Novielli through DCP and Dutchess Strategic Fund, LLC Each of the foregoing warrants were issued on April 20, 2020 and may be exercised on or prior to April 20, 2030 at a price of $0.001 per share of Common Stock.
Change in Control
There are no present arrangements known to the Company, including any pledge by any person of the Company’s securities, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company, except as disclosed in the subsequent event footnote to the audited financial statements accompanying this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Related Party Transactions
None.
Director Independence
Currently, we have one independent director. Because our common stock is not currently listed on a national securities exchange, we have used the definition of “independence” of The NASDAQ Stock Market to make this determination. NASDAQ Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) provides that an “independent director” is a person other than an officer or employee of the company or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. The NASDAQ listing rules provide that a director cannot be considered independent if:
● the director is, or at any time during the past three years was, an employee of the Company;
● the director or a family member of the director accepted any compensation from the Company in excess of $120,000 during any period of 12 consecutive months within the three years preceding the independence determination (subject to certain exclusions, including, among other things, compensation for board or board committee service);
● a family member of the director is, or at any time during the past three years was, an executive officer of the Company;
● the director or a family member of the director is a partner in, controlling stockholder of, or an executive officer of an entity to which the Company made, or from which the Company received, payments in the current or any of the past three fiscal years that exceed 5% of the recipient’s consolidated gross revenue for that year or $200,000, whichever is greater (subject to certain exclusions);
● the director or a family member of the director is employed as an executive officer of an entity where, at any time during the past three years, any of the executive officers of the Company served on the compensation committee of such other entity; or
● the director or a family member of the director is a current partner of the Company’s outside auditor, or at any time during the past three years was a partner or employee of the Company’s outside auditor, and who worked on the company’s audit

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the fees billed to date to our company for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm D. Brooks and Associates CPAs, P.A.
Fees
Audit Fees $ 31,556 $ 29,643
Audit-Related Fees - -
Tax Fees - -
Other Fees 1,031 -
Total Fees $ 32,588 $ 29,643
Audit Fees
Audit fees were for professional services rendered for the audits of our annual financial statements and for review of our quarterly financial statements during the 2020 and 2019 fiscal years.
Audit-related Fees
This category consists of assurance and related services by the independent registered public accounting firm that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported above under “Audit Fees”.
Tax Fees
As our independent registered public accountants did not provide any services to us for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, no tax fees were billed or paid during those fiscal years.
All Other Fees
Our independent registered public accountants did not provide any products and services not disclosed in the table above during the 2020 and 2019 fiscal years. As a result, there were no other fees billed or paid during those fiscal years.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our entire board of directors, which acts as our audit committee, pre-approves all services provided by our independent auditors. All of the above services and fees were reviewed and approved by our board of directors before the respective services were rendered.
Our board of directors has considered the nature and amount of fees billed by our independent registered public accounting firm and believe that the provision of services for activities unrelated to the audit is compatible with maintaining their respective independence.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are listed in the “Index to Financial Statements and Schedules” on page and included on pages thereon.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) are either not required under the related instructions, are not applicable (and therefore have been omitted), or the required disclosures are contained in the financial statements included herein.
3. Exhibits (including those incorporated by reference).
Exhibit No
Description
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated April 20, 2020, by and among Gratitude Health, Inc., Fresh Market Merger Sub, Inc. and Home Bistro, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2020).
3.1
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.A.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 28, 2017).
3.2
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018).
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2020).
3.4
Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on March 31, 2015).
4.1
Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018).
4.2
Certificate of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2018).
4.3
Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 21, 2018).
4.4
Amendment to Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 24, 2018).
10.1
Loan Authorization and Agreement, dated June 17, 2020, by and between Home Bistro, Inc. and the U.S. Small Business Administration (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on June 29, 2020).
10.2
Note, dated June 17, 2020, by Home Bistro, Inc. for the benefit of the U.S. Small Business Administration (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on June 29, 2020).
10.3
Security Agreement, dated June 17, 2020, by and between Home Bistro, Inc. and the U.S. Small Business Administration (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on June 29, 2020).
10.4
Form of Exchange Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2020).
10.5
Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2020).
10.6
Form of Lock-Up and Leak-Out Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2020).
10.7
Put Option Agreement, dated April 20, 2020, between the Company and the stockholder named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 22, 2020).
10.8
Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 18, 2020, by and between Home Bistro, Inc. and Labrys Fund, LP. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021).
10.9
Self-Amortization Promissory Note, dated December 18, 2020, issued to Labrys Fund, LP. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021).
10.10
Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 28, 2020, by and between Home Bistro, Inc. and FirstFire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021).
10.11
Self-Amortization Promissory Note dated December 28, 2020, issued to FirstFire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021)
10.12
Registration Rights Agreement dated December 28, 2020, by and between Home Bistro, Inc. and FirstFire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021)
10.13
Securities Purchase Agreement dated January 27, 2021, by and between Home Bistro, Inc. and Vista Capital Investments, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 8, 2021)
10.14
Convertible Note, dated January 27, 2021, issued to Vista Capital Investments, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 8, 2021)
10.15
Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock, dated January 27, 2021, issued to Vista Capital Investments, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 8, 2021)
10.16
Securities Purchase Agreement dated January 12, 2021, by and between Home Bistro, Inc. and GS Capital Partners, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 19, 2021)
10.17
Self-Amortization Promissory Note, dated January 12, 2020, issued to GS Capital Partners, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 19, 2021)
31.1*
Section 302 Certification by the Registrant’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer
32.1*
Section 906 Certification by the Registrant’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer
101.ins
XBRL Instance Document
101.sch
XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document
101.cal
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Document
101.def
XBRL Taxonomy Linkbase Document
101.lab
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.pre
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
* Filed herewith.