EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 861459
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 861459_10-K_2023_0001437749-23-004014.json

---

ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. BUSINESS
Introduction
Granite Construction Company was incorporated in 1922. In 1990, Granite Construction Incorporated was formed as the holding company for Granite Construction Company and its wholly-owned and consolidated subsidiaries and was incorporated in Delaware. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Granite” refer to Granite Construction Incorporated and its wholly-owned and consolidated subsidiaries.
We deliver infrastructure solutions for public and private clients primarily in the United States. We are one of the largest diversified infrastructure companies in the United States. Within the public sector, we primarily concentrate on infrastructure projects, including the construction of streets, roads, highways, mass transit facilities, airport infrastructure, bridges, dams, power-related facilities, utilities, tunnels, water well drilling and other infrastructure-related projects. Within the private sector, we perform various services such as site preparation, mining services and infrastructure services for commercial and industrial sites, railways, residential development, energy development, as well as provide construction management professional services.
Operating Structure
Our reportable segments are the same as our operating segments and correspond with how our chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group (our “CODM”), regularly reviews financial information to allocate resources and assess performance. We identified our CODM as our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Operating Officer. Our reportable segments are: Construction and Materials. The Construction segment focuses on construction and rehabilitation of roads, pavement preservation, bridges, rail lines, airports, marine ports, dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, infrastructure and site development for use by the general public and water-related construction for municipal agencies, commercial water suppliers, industrial facilities and energy companies. It also provides construction of various complex projects including infrastructure / site development, mining, public safety, tunnel, solar, battery storage and other power-related projects. The Materials segment focuses on production of aggregates and asphalt production for internal use and for sale to third parties. See Note 21 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information about our reportable segments.
In addition to reportable segments, we also review our business by operating groups. In alphabetical order, our operating groups are as follows:
•
California, which is comprised of vertically integrated businesses in home markets across the state;
•
Central, which includes the vertically integrated Arizona region and regional civil construction businesses in Illinois, Florida and Texas. The Central group also includes the Federal division which performs civil construction across the continental United States and Guam, and the Tunnel division; and
• Mountain, which is comprised of vertically integrated regional businesses in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Utah and Nevada. The Mountain Group also includes national businesses in the Industrial & Energy division, which primarily focuses on commercial solar construction projects, Water Resources, which performs water well drilling and rehabilitation services and Mineral Services, which performs mineral exploration services for mining clients.
Customers
Customers in our Construction segment are predominantly in the public sector and include certain federal agencies, state departments of transportation, local transit authorities, county and city public works departments, school districts and developers, utilities and private owners of industrial, commercial and residential sites. Customers of our Materials segment include internal usage by our own construction projects, as well as third-party customers. Our third-party Materials segment customers include, but are not limited to, contractors, landscapers, manufacturers of products requiring aggregate materials, retailers, homeowners, farmers and brokers. The majority of both our public and private customers are located in the United States.
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, our largest volume customer, including both prime and subcontractor arrangements, was the California Department of Transportation (“Caltrans”). Revenue recognized from contracts with Caltrans during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 represented $348.0 million (10.5% of total revenue), $337.1 million (9.6% of total revenue) and $316.9 million (8.9% of total revenue), respectively, which was primarily in the Construction segment. Other than Caltrans, none of our customers, including both prime and subcontractor arrangements, had revenue that individually exceeded 10% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022. None of our customers had revenue that individually exceeded 10% of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Business Strategy
Granite exists to satisfy society’s needs for mobility, power, water and other essential services that sustain living conditions and improve quality of life. Across our footprint of regional offices, we provide horizontal civil infrastructure construction services and construction materials products to a diverse base of public, industrial and commercial clients. These clients benefit from our home market strategy which includes local relationships, market intelligence and the resources and expertise of one of the oldest and most respected U.S. contractors and materials producers.
Local market knowledge, relationships, and project management expertise, supported by the financial strength of a publicly traded company with a strong balance sheet provide a sustainable competitive advantage. By diversifying our revenue channels across geographies and clients, and by taking measured risks within our construction capabilities, we simultaneously grow our business and mitigate risk. Supported by proven operating processes, functional support systems and financial governance processes, our growing network of regional businesses focus on local market conditions, client relationships, employee development, workforce capabilities and investment opportunities to drive growth and efficiency within their home markets.
Additionally, the following continue to be key objectives in our strategic plan:
Selective Bidding: We focus our resources on bidding jobs that meet our bidding criteria, which include analyzing the risk of a potential job relative to: (1) available personnel to estimate and prepare the proposal as well as to effectively manage and build the project; (2) project procurement methodology; (3) the competitive environment; (4) our experience with the type of work and the owner; (5) local resources and partnerships; (6) equipment resources; and (7) the size, duration, complexity and expected profitability of the job.
Risk-Balanced Growth: We intend to grow our business by strategically adding to our client base within our current geographic markets and expanding into new geographic areas both organically and through acquisitions. Growth opportunities are evaluated relative to their incremental impact to the execution risk and profitability profile of our operating portfolio.
Vertical Integration: We own and lease aggregate reserves and own processing plants that are vertically integrated into our construction operations. By ensuring the availability of these resources through strategic expansion and providing quality products, we believe we have a competitive advantage in many of our markets, as well as a source of revenue and earnings from the sale of construction materials to third parties. We also look for additional vertical integration opportunities that complement our existing construction and materials businesses.
Diversification: To mitigate the risks inherent in the construction business as the result of general economic factors, we pursue projects: (1) in both the public and private sectors; (2) in diverse end markets such as federal, rail, power, water and renewable energy; (3) for a wide range of clients from the federal government to small municipalities and from large corporations to small private customers; (4) in diverse geographic markets; (5) with procurement methods that include construction management/general contractor (“CM/GC”), bid-build and design-build; (6) that are executed according to a fixed price, time and materials, cost reimbursable and fixed unit price; and (7) of various size, duration and complexity.
Performance-Based Incentives: Our incentive compensation plans align with the key objectives outlined in our strategic plan. Managers are incentivized with cash compensation and equity awards, payable upon the attainment of pre-established annual financial and non-financial metrics, including capital efficiency and cash flow generation.
Code of Conduct and Core Values: We strive to maintain high ethical standards through an established Code of Conduct and a company-wide compliance program, while always being guided by our core values which are integrity, safety, excellence, sustainability and inclusion.
Human Capital Resources
Employees: We believe our employees are our most valuable resource and are the primary factor in the successful implementation of our business strategies. Significant resources are employed to attract, develop and retain extraordinary and diverse talent and fully promote each employee’s capabilities. Our focus on inclusive diversity, talent development, talent acquisition, and succession planning has allowed us to build a bench of talented employees. Our managerial and supervisory personnel have an average tenure of 11 years with Granite, which demonstrates our workforce's strong dedication and great pride in our company.
On December 31, 2022, we employed approximately 2,000 salaried employees who work in project, functional and business unit management, estimating and administrative capacities, plus approximately 1,800 hourly employees. These totals do not include employees of unconsolidated joint ventures. The total number of hourly personnel is subject to the volume of construction in progress and is seasonal. During 2022, the number of hourly employees ranged from approximately 1,800 to 3,800 and averaged approximately 3,400. The majority of both our salaried and hourly personnel were located in the United States during 2022. As of December 31, 2022, three of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Granite Construction Company, Layne Christensen Company and Granite Industrial, Inc., were parties to craft collective bargaining agreements in many areas in which they operate (see Note 16 of the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”).
Inclusive Diversity: Our culture is underpinned by our core values, including an unwavering commitment to inclusive diversity as exemplified by strategies that address our guiding belief that diverse backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences enhance creativity and innovation. We have established employee resource groups that serve employees from a variety of backgrounds, and we have designated October as Inclusion month throughout our Company. We periodically conduct pay equity analyses to support our commitment to pay equity, regardless of race, gender, ethnicity or sexual orientation.
We continued to execute on our inclusive diversity five-year strategic plan, which was established in 2020, with the following key goals:
•
increase representation of women throughout the organization from 13% in 2020 to 18% by 2025;
•
increase women in leadership from 14% in 2020 to 20% by 2025;
•
increase representation of persons of color in leadership throughout the organization from 15% in 2020 to 20% by 2025; and
•
increase inclusion index survey results from 71% in 2020 to 80% by 2025.
In 2022 we continued to make progress towards our 2025 goals. Representation of women throughout the organization was maintained at 13%, women in leadership increased to 19%, representation of persons of color in leadership rose to 18% and our 2022 inclusion index survey results increased to 74%.
We were also successful with our targeted talent acquisition plan focused on diverse colleges and universities. In 2022, we hired 195 interns from 65 colleges and universities. Of this, 52% were diverse.
Health and Safety: Employee safety is our greatest priority and safety is ultimately about people, not statistics. Safety is one of our core values and we strive to continuously improve our safety program to better protect our people. We instill our culture of safety through relationship-based safety training, shared knowledge, and engagement at every level of our organization. A core part of our mission will always be to provide a safe and healthy work environment for all our employees.
Employee Development and Training: The development of our employees is critical to our success and is a key factor in our ability to attract and retain talent. Our people are the foundation of our success, and we encourage every employee to actively participate in their own career growth and development. We offer a wide variety of training opportunities to ensure our employees are supplementing their on-the-job learning with in-person and online courses needed to promote performance and growth.
In 2022, our employees completed over 25,000 training courses and more than 250 employees ranging from emerging leaders to senior leaders graduated from our multi-level leadership development program.
We have a robust talent and succession planning process and have established specialized programs to accelerate the development of our talent pipeline for critical roles in general management, engineering, project management and operations. On an annual basis, we conduct succession planning reviews with senior leaders focusing on our high performing and high potential talent, diverse talent and succession for critical roles.
Employee Engagement: We routinely engage independent third parties to conduct cultural and employee engagement surveys. These include corporate culture assessments, as well as real-time feedback on employee engagement and on employee well-being which includes physical, emotional, social and financial health. In 2022, we conducted a company-wide engagement survey and the results reflected improved engagement across each of our four key indices: trust, executive leadership, inclusive diversity and code of conduct.
Compensation and Benefits: Our compensation programs are designed to align the compensation of our employees with our financial and safety performance and their individual performance to provide proper incentives to attract, retain and motivate employees to achieve superior results. The structure of our compensation programs balances guaranteed base pay with incentive compensation opportunities. Additionally, all employees are eligible for health insurance, physical, mental and financial wellness programs, paid and unpaid leave, a retirement plan, life insurance and disability/accident coverage. We also offer a variety of voluntary benefits that allow employees to select the options that meet their needs.
Environmental, Social and Governance Matters
Sustainability is one of our core values and we are committed to contributing to the development of a more sustainable future. We are a participating member of the United Nations Global Compact. Our sustainability objectives encompass corporate social responsibility, environmental stewardship, dependable governance and the creation of enduring economic value. We envision Granite as the leading provider of sustainable infrastructure solutions, differentiated by our pursuit of social, environmental and financial excellence.
To attain our objectives, we have a Sustainability department that develops, coordinates and communicates our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) initiatives across the Company. Our Board of Directors oversees our sustainability program, including how we manage sustainability and ESG-related risks in conjunction with our overall Enterprise Risk Management process.
We utilize the Global Reporting Initiative and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board standards as frameworks to support performance, tracking and reporting, and responsible business behavior. For climate-related issues, we also utilize the recommendations from the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. Within these frameworks, we have selected industry-specific metrics that align with stakeholder expectations, are relevant to our business, and will have the most significant impact. We publish annual Sustainability Reports, which update stakeholders on our ESG performance.
We are committed to addressing the effects of climate change and currently have a priority target to reduce scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030 from a 2020 baseline. However, achievement of our sustainability commitments and targets is subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for additional information.
Our annual sustainability reports, along with additional information about our sustainability program, can be found on our website at https://www.graniteconstruction.com/company/building-better-future-today. The information on our website and Granite’s Sustainability Report are not incorporated into, and are not part of, this report.
Committed and Awarded Projects
Committed and Awarded Projects ("CAP") consists of two components: (1) unearned revenue and (2) other awards. Unearned revenue includes the revenue we expect to record in the future on executed contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. We generally include a project in unearned revenue at the time a contract is awarded, the contract has been executed and to the extent we believe funding is probable. Contract options and task orders are included in unearned revenue when exercised or issued, respectively. Certain government contracts where funding is appropriated on a periodic basis are included in unearned revenue at the time of the award when it is probable the contract value will be funded and executed.
Other awards include the general construction portion of CM/GC contracts and awarded contracts with unexercised contract options or unissued task orders. The general construction portion of CM/GC contracts are included in other awards to the extent contract execution and funding is probable. Contracts with unexercised contract options or unissued task orders are also included in other awards to the extent option exercise or task order issuance is probable, respectively. All CAP is in the Construction segment.
Substantially all of the contracts in CAP may be canceled or modified at the election of the customer; however, we have not been materially adversely affected by contract cancellations or modifications in the past (see “Contract Provisions and Subcontracting”). Many projects are added to CAP and completed within the same fiscal year and, therefore, may not be reflected in our beginning or year-end CAP. Our CAP was $4.5 billion and $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Approximately $1.8 billion of the December 31, 2022 CAP is expected to be completed during 2023.
Competition and Market Trends
In both our Construction and Materials segments, we have competitors within the individual markets and geographic areas in which we operate, ranging from small, local companies to larger regional, national and international companies. Although the construction business is highly competitive, there are few, if any, companies which compete in all of our market areas. The degree and type of competition is influenced by the type and scope of construction projects within the individual markets. One of our significant competitive advantages is that we own and lease aggregate reserves and own processing plants that are vertically integrated into our construction operations.
Factors influencing competitiveness in both of our segments include price, knowledge of local markets and conditions, financial strength, reputation for quality, aggregate materials availability and machinery and equipment. Factors that also influence competitiveness in our Construction segment are estimating abilities and project management.
Many of our Construction segment competitors have the ability to perform work in either the private or public sectors. When opportunities for work in one sector are reduced, competitors tend to look for opportunities in the other sector. This migration has the potential to reduce revenue growth and/or increase pressure on gross profit margins.
Capital requirements have not historically had a significant impact on our ability to compete in the marketplace. However, because smaller projects within our Construction segment have not historically required large amounts of capital, the entry by companies possessing acceptable qualifications into this market may be relatively easy. By contrast, larger projects typically require larger amounts of capital that may make entry into the market by future competitors more difficult.
See “Current Economic Environment and Outlook” under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for further information on current market trends.
Government Regulations
Our business is impacted by environmental, health and safety, government procurement, anti-bribery and other government regulations and requirements. Below is a summary of some of the significant regulations that impact our business.
Environmental: Our operations are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the environment, including those relating to: (i) the discharge of materials into the air, such as equipment-related emissions and crystalline silica dust at our aggregate processing facilities; (ii) the discharge of materials into water and land; (iii) the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous waste; (iv) the handling of underground storage tanks; and (v) the cleanup of properties affected by hazardous substances. Certain environmental laws impose substantial penalties for non-compliance and others, such as the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, impose strict, retroactive, joint and several liability upon persons responsible for releases of hazardous substances. We continually evaluate whether we must take additional steps at our locations to ensure compliance with environmental laws and whether we can operate in a more sustainable manner. While compliance with applicable regulatory requirements has not materially adversely affected our operations in the past, there can be no assurance that these requirements will not change, and that compliance will not adversely affect our operations in the future.
Government Procurement: Approximately 70% of our construction-related revenue in 2022 was derived from contracts funded by federal, state and local government agencies and authorities. Government contracts are subject to specific procurement regulations, contract provisions and a variety of socioeconomic requirements relating to their formation, administration, performance and accounting and often include express or implied certifications of compliance.
Our operations are subject to various statutes and executive orders including the Davis-Bacon Act (which regulates wages and benefits), the Walsh-Healy Act (which prescribes a minimum wage and regulates overtime and working conditions), Executive Order 11246 (which establishes equal employment opportunity and affirmative action requirements), Executive Order 14063 (which requires project labor agreements on federal construction projects over $35 million), the Drug-Free Workplace Act, the Federal Acquisition Regulation and the Federal Civil False Claims Act. We are also subject to the rules and regulations promulgated by OSHA and the Mine Safety and Health Administration. In addition, certain of our contracts with government agencies contain minimum Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (“DBE”) participation clauses.
These laws and regulations affect how we transact business and, in some instances, impose additional costs on our business operations, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. As further described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” violation of specific laws and regulations could lead to fines, contract termination, debarment of contractors and/or suspension of future contracts. Our government customers can also terminate, renegotiate or modify any of their contracts with us at their convenience.
Anti-corruption and Bribery: We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”). The FCPA prohibits U.S. and other business entities from making improper payments to foreign government officials, political parties or political party officials. We are also subject to the applicable anti-corruption laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, thus potentially exposing us to liability and potential penalties in multiple jurisdictions. The anti-corruption provisions of the FCPA are enforced by the Department of Justice while other state or federal agencies may seek recourse against us for issues related to the FCPA. In addition, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requires strict compliance with certain accounting and internal control standards set forth under the FCPA. Failure to comply with the FCPA and other laws can expose us and/or individual employees to potentially severe criminal and civil penalties. Such penalties may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We devote resources to the development, maintenance, communication and enforcement of our Code of Conduct, our anti-bribery compliance policies, our internal control processes and compliance related policies. We strive to conduct timely internal investigations of potential violations and take appropriate action depending upon the outcome of the investigation.
Contract Provisions and Subcontracting
Contracts with our customers are primarily “fixed unit price” or “fixed price.” Under fixed unit price contracts, we are committed to providing materials or services at fixed unit prices (for example, dollars per cubic yard of concrete placed or cubic yard of earth excavated). The percentage of fixed unit price contracts in our unearned revenue was 72.7% and 53.3% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. While the fixed unit price contract shifts the risk of estimating the quantity of units required for a particular project to the customer, any increase in our unit cost over the expected unit cost in the bid, whether due to inflation, inefficiency, incorrect estimates or assumptions or other factors, is borne by us unless otherwise provided in the contract. Fixed price contracts are priced on a lump-sum basis under which we bear the risk that we may not be able to perform the work for the specified contract amount and any increase in our cost over budget, whether due to inflation, inefficiency, incorrect estimates or assumptions or other factors, will reduce our profit on the project. The percentage of fixed price contracts in our unearned revenue was 23.5% and 44.3% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. All other contract types represented 3.8% and 2.4% of our unearned revenue at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Within our Construction segment, we utilize several methods of project delivery including, but not limited to, bid-build, design-build, CM/GC, construction management at-risk (“CMAR”) and progressive design-build. Unlike traditional bid-build projects where owners first hire a design firm or design a project themselves and then put the project out to bid for construction, the design portion of design-build projects is typically only partially complete when going out to bid. This project delivery method expedites the bidding process for the owner and provides the owner with a single point of responsibility and a single contact for both final design and construction. Under the CM/GC and CMAR delivery methods, we contract with owners to assist the owner during the design phase of the contract with construction efficiencies and risk mitigation, with the understanding that we will negotiate a contract on the construction phase when the collective design nears completion. The progressive design-build delivery method is similar to CM/GC and CMAR; however, we are responsible for the design of the project and will subcontract with a design firm, with the understanding that we will negotiate a contract that includes both the design and construction prices when the collective design nears completion.
With the exception of contract change orders and affirmative claims, our construction contracts are primarily obtained through competitive bidding in response to solicitations by both public agencies and private parties and on a negotiated basis as a result of solicitations from private parties. Project owners use a variety of methods to make contractors aware of new projects, including posting bidding opportunities on agency websites, disclosing long-term infrastructure plans, advertising and other general solicitations. Our bidding activity is affected by such factors as the nature and volume of advertising and other solicitations, current CAP, available personnel, current utilization of equipment and other resources and competitive considerations. Our contract review process includes identifying risks and opportunities during the bidding process and managing these risks through mitigation efforts such as contract negotiation, bid/no bid decisions, insurance and pricing. Contracts fitting certain criteria of size, duration and complexity are reviewed by various levels of management and, in some cases, by our Board of Directors or a committee thereof. Bidding activity, CAP and revenue resulting from the award of new contracts may vary significantly from period to period.
There are a number of factors that can create variability in contract performance as compared to the original bid. Such factors can positively or negatively impact costs and profitability and can create additional liability to the contractor. The most significant of these include:
•
changes in costs of labor and/or materials;
• subcontractor costs, availability and/or performance issues;
•
extended overhead and other costs due to owner, weather and other delays;
•
changes in productivity expectations;
• changes from original design on design-build projects;
•
our ability to fully and promptly recover on affirmative claims and back charges for additional contract costs;
•
a change in the availability and proximity of equipment and materials;
•
complexity in original design;
•
length of time to complete the project;
• the availability and skill level of workers in the geographic location of the project;
•
site conditions that differ from those assumed in the original bid;
• costs associated with scope changes; and
•
the customer’s ability to properly administer the contract.
The ability to realize improvements on project profitability at times is more limited than the risk of lower profitability. For example, design-build contracts carry additional risks such as those associated with design errors and estimating quantities and prices before the project design is completed. We manage this additional risk by including contingencies in our bid amounts, obtaining errors and omissions insurance and obtaining indemnifications from our design consultants where possible. However, there is no guarantee that these risk management strategies will be successful.
Most of our contracts, including those with the government, provide for termination at the convenience of the contract owner, with provisions to pay us for work performed through the date of termination. We have not been materially adversely affected by these provisions in the past. Many of our contracts contain provisions that require us to pay liquidated damages if specified completion schedule requirements are not met, and these amounts could be significant.
We act as prime contractor on most of our construction projects. We complete the majority of our projects with our own resources and subcontract specialized activities such as electrical and mechanical work. As prime contractor, we are responsible for the performance of the entire contract, including subcontract work. Thus, we may be subject to increased costs associated with the failure of one or more subcontractors to perform as anticipated. Based on our analysis of their construction and financial capabilities, among other criteria, we may require the subcontractor to furnish a bond or other type of security to guarantee their performance and/or we retain payments, or some portion thereof, in accordance with contract terms until their performance is complete. DBE regulations require us to use our good faith efforts to subcontract a specified portion of contract work done for governmental agencies to certain types of disadvantaged contractors or suppliers. As with all of our subcontractors, some may not be able to obtain surety bonds or other types of performance security.
Joint Ventures
We participate in various construction joint ventures with other construction companies of which we are a limited member (“joint ventures”) typically for large, technically complex projects, including design-build projects, where it is necessary or desirable to share expertise, risk and resources. Joint venture partners typically provide independently prepared estimates, shared equipment, and often bring local knowledge and expertise. Generally, each construction joint venture is formed as a partnership or limited liability company to accomplish a specific project and is jointly controlled by the joint venture partners. We select our joint venture partners (“partner(s)”) based on our analysis of their construction and financial capabilities, expertise in the type of work to be performed and past working relationships, among other criteria.
Under each joint venture agreement, one partner is designated as the sponsor. The sponsoring partner typically provides all administrative, accounting and most of the project management support for the project and generally receives a fee from the joint venture for these services. We have been designated as the sponsoring partner in certain of our current joint venture projects and are a non-sponsoring partner in others. In alignment with our strategic plan and project bidding criteria, when entering into new joint venture agreements, we generally insist on being the sponsoring partner.
We consolidate joint ventures if we determine that, through our participation, we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 810, Consolidation, and related standards. If we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of a joint venture but do exercise significant influence, we account for our share of the operations of unconsolidated construction joint ventures on a pro rata basis in revenue and cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. We record the corresponding investment balance in equity in construction joint ventures in the consolidated balance sheets except when a project is in a loss position, the investment balance is recorded as a deficit in unconsolidated construction joint ventures and is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. We account for non-construction unconsolidated joint ventures under the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures and include our share of the operations in equity in income of affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations and in investment in affiliates in the consolidated balance sheets.
We also participate in “line-item” joint venture agreements under which each partner is responsible for performing certain discrete items of the total scope of contracted work. The revenue for each line-item joint venture partners’ discrete items of work is defined in the contract with the project owner and each joint venture partner bears the profitability risk associated only with its own work. There is not a single set of books and records for a line-item joint venture. Each partner accounts for its items of work individually as it would for any self-performed contract. We account for our portion of these contracts as revenue and cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and in relevant balances in the consolidated balance sheets.
The agreements with our partner(s) for both construction joint ventures and line-item joint ventures define each partner’s management role and financial responsibility in the project. The joint venture agreements typically provide that our interests in any profits and assets, and our respective share in any losses and liabilities, that may result from the performance of the contracts are limited to our stated percentage interest in the project. However, due to the joint and several nature of the performance obligations under the related owner contracts, if any of the partners fail to perform, we and the remaining partners, if any, would be responsible for performance of the outstanding work (i.e., we provide a performance guarantee). We estimate our liability for performance guarantees for our unconsolidated and line-item joint ventures using estimated partner bond rates, which are Level 2 inputs, and include them in accrued expenses and other current liabilities with a corresponding increase in equity in construction joint ventures in the consolidated balance sheets. We reassess our liability when and if changes in circumstances occur. The liability and corresponding asset are removed from the consolidated balance sheets upon completion and customer acceptance of the project. Circumstances that could lead to a loss under these agreements beyond our stated ownership interest include the failure of a partner to contribute additional funds to the venture in the event the project incurs a loss or additional costs that we could incur should a partner fail to provide the services and resources that it had committed to provide in the agreement. We are not able to estimate amounts that may be required beyond the remaining cost of the work to be performed. These costs could be offset by billings to the customer or by proceeds from our partners’ corporate and/or other guarantees.
At December 31, 2022, there was $246.4 million of remaining contract value on unconsolidated and line item construction joint venture contracts, of which $110.9 million represented our share and is included in our CAP and the remaining $135.5 million represented our partners’ share. See Note 9 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information.
Insurance and Bonding
We maintain insurance coverage and limits consistent with industry practice and in alignment with our overall risk management strategy. Policies include general and excess liability, property, pollution, professional, cyber security, executive risk, workers’ compensation and employer’s liability. Further, our policies are placed with insurers that we believe are financially stable, often in a layered or quota share arrangement which reduces the likelihood of an interruption or impact to operations.
In connection with our business, we generally are required to provide various types of surety bonds that provide an additional measure of security for our performance under certain public and private sector contracts. Our ability to obtain surety bonds depends upon our capitalization, working capital, past performance, management expertise and external factors, including the capacity of the overall surety market. Surety companies consider such factors in light of the amount of our CAP that we have currently bonded and their current underwriting standards, which may change from time to time. The capacity of the surety market is subject to market-based fluctuations driven primarily by the level of surety industry losses and the degree of surety market consolidation. When the surety market capacity shrinks it results in higher premiums and increased difficulty obtaining bonding, in particular for larger, more complex, multi-year projects throughout the market. To help mitigate this risk, we employ a co-surety structure involving three sureties. Although we do not believe that fluctuations in surety market capacity have affected our ability to grow our business, there is no assurance that it will not significantly affect our ability to obtain new contracts in the future (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors”).
Raw Materials
We purchase raw materials, including but not limited to, aggregate products, cement, diesel and gasoline fuel, liquid asphalt, natural gas, propane, resin and steel from numerous sources. Our owned and leased aggregate reserves supply a portion of the raw materials needed in our construction projects. The price and availability of raw materials may vary from year to year due to market conditions and production capacities. In recent years, inflation, supply chain and labor constraints have had a significant impact on the global economy including the construction industry in the United States. While it is impossible to fully eliminate the impact of these factors, we have applied proactive measures such as fixed forward purchase contracts of oil related inputs, energy surcharges, and adjustment of project schedules for constraints related to construction materials such as concrete.
Equipment
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, we owned the following number of construction equipment and vehicles:
December 31,
Heavy construction equipment
2,471
2,736
Trucks, truck-tractors, trailers and vehicles
5,059
5,460
The number of construction equipment and vehicles as of December 31, 2021 includes those related to the businesses that were classified as held for sale as of that date (see Note 1 and Note 2 of "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for further information). 1,103 pieces of construction equipment and 1,861 vehicles were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2021. During the first quarter of 2022, 393 pieces of heavy construction equipment and 720 vehicles were sold as part of the sale of one of the held for sale businesses.
Our portfolio of equipment includes backhoes, barges, bulldozers, cranes, excavators, loaders, motor graders, pavers, rollers, scrapers, trucks, drilling rigs and tunnel boring machines that are used in both of our segments. We pool certain equipment to maximize utilization. We continually monitor and adjust our fleet size so that it is consistent with the size of our business, considering both existing and expected future work. We lease or rent equipment to supplement our portfolio of equipment in response to construction activity cycles. In 2022 and 2021, we purchased $73.9 million and $60.1 million, respectively, of construction equipment and vehicles.
Seasonality
Our operations are typically affected more by weather conditions during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year which may alter our construction schedules and can create variability in our revenues, profitability and the required number of employees.
Website Access
Our website address is www.graniteconstruction.com. On our website we make available, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information on our website is not incorporated into, and is not part of, this report. These reports, and any amendments to them, are also available on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov.
Information About Executive Officers
Information regarding our executive officers as of February 1, 2023 is set forth below.
Name
Age
Position
Kyle T. Larkin
President and Chief Executive Officer
Elizabeth L. Curtis
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
James A. Radich
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Brian A. Dowd
Senior Vice President and Group Manager
Michael G. Tatusko
Senior Vice President and Group Manager
Bradley J. Williams
Senior Vice President and Group Manager
Staci M. Woolsey
Chief Accounting Officer
Mr. Larkin joined Granite in 1996, has served as President since September 2020 and as Chief Executive Officer since June 2021. He also served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from February 2020 to September 2020, Senior Vice President and Manager of Construction and Materials Operations from 2019 to 2020, Senior Vice President and Group Manager from 2017 to 2019, Vice President and Regional Manager in Nevada from 2014 to 2017 and President of Granite’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Intermountain Slurry Seal, Inc. from 2011 to 2014. He served as Manager of Construction at the Reno area office from 2008 to 2011, Chief Estimator from 2004 to 2008 and Project Manager, Project Engineer and Estimator at Granite’s Nevada Branch between 1996 and 2003. Mr. Larkin has also served as a director of our Board of Directors since June 2021 and has a term expiring at the 2023 annual meeting. Mr. Larkin holds a B.S. in Construction Management from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo and an M.B.A. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Ms. Curtis joined Granite in 2018 and has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since January 2021. She also served as Chief Accounting Officer from October 2020 to January 2021, Vice President of Investor Relations from 2019 to October 2020, and Vice President and Integration Management Officer from 2018 to 2019. Before joining Granite, Ms. Curtis served as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer for Layne Christensen Company (“Layne”) from 2016 to 2018. Prior to joining Layne, Ms. Curtis worked for Cameron from 2009 to 2016 serving in positions of increasing responsibility and ultimately as their Controller, in charge of external reporting, accounting policies, and internal controls from 2015 to 2016. Ms. Curtis began her career in public accounting with Deloitte and graduated from Texas A&M University with B.S. degrees in Accounting and Finance and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Mr. Radich first joined Granite in 1980 and rejoined the Company in 2011. He has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since December 2020. He also served as Senior Vice President and Group Manager from January 2020 to December 2020, as Vice President and Coastal Region Manager from 2014 to 2019 and Vice President of the Northern California Region from 2011 to 2014. From 1993 to 2011 Mr. Radich was employed by Oldcastle Materials. Mr. Radich served Granite as Project Engineer from 1980 to 1983, Project Manager from 1985 to 1990 for the Heavy Civil and Vertical Divisions and Chief Estimator from 1990 to 1993 in the Vertical Division. He received a B.S.C.E. from Santa Clara University and is a Registered Civil Engineer.
Mr. Dowd joined Granite in 1986 and has served as Senior Vice President and California Group Manager since January 2021. He also served as Vice President and Regional Manager in Nevada from October 2017 to December 2020 and Vice President and Large Projects Business Development Manager from 2013 to 2017. He served as California Group Business Development Manager from 2012 to 2013, Sacramento Valley Region Manager from 2007 to 2012, Vice President and Director of Human Resources from 2005 to 2007, Director of Employee Development from 2000 to 2005, San Diego Area Manager from 1994 to 2000, and Project Manager, Estimator and Project Engineer at Granite's Indio and Sacramento Branches between 1986 and 1994. Mr. Dowd holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley and is a Registered Engineer in the states of California and Nevada.
Mr. Tatusko joined Granite in 1991 and has served as Senior Vice President and Group Manager since January 2020. He served as Vice President and Valley Region Manager from 2014 to 2019, Northern California Area Manager from 2012 to 2014, Design Build Project Executive from 2010 to 2012, Group Construction Manager from 2007 to 2010, Arizona Operations Manager from 2005 to 2007, Arizona Construction Manager from 2001 to 2005, Plants Manager from 1999 to 2001, Estimator/Project Manager from 1995 to 1999 and Project Engineer from 1993 to 1995. Prior to joining Granite, he was employed at Oldcastle Tilcon from 1984 to 1991. Mr. Tatusko received a Construction Management degree from Southern Maine Tech.
Mr. Williams joined Granite in 1987 and has served as Senior Vice President and Group Manager since June 2022. He also served as Regional Vice President from January 2015 to June 2022, as Large Project Executive from 2010 to 2015, as Operations Manager in Southern California from 2009 to 2010, as Manager of Construction in Southern California from 2007 to 2009, as Construction Manager in Sacramento from 2000 to 2007, as Senior Project Manager in Utah from 1998 to 2000, as Environmental Construction Manager in California from 1994 to 1998, as Estimator/Project Manager in Santa Barbara from 1989 to 1994, and as Large Project Engineer from 1987 to 1989. Mr. Williams holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Ohio Northern University.
Ms. Woolsey joined Granite in June 2021 and was appointed Chief Accounting Officer on January 1, 2022. Prior to this appointment and since joining the Company in June 2021, Ms. Woolsey served in a non-officer role with accounting responsibilities and reported directly to Ms. Curtis. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Woolsey was the Vice President and Corporate Controller from December 2018 to August 2020 and Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer from August 2020 to June 2021 of MDC Holdings, Inc. From February 2016 to December 2018, Ms. Woolsey was the Vice President and Controller of the Energy, Infrastructure and Industrial Construction division of AECOM. Ms. Woolsey received a B.S. degree in Accounting from the University of Idaho and is a Certified Public Accountant.

---

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report and in other documents we file with the SEC are various risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report or otherwise adversely affect our business.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
•
Unfavorable economic conditions may have an adverse impact on our business. Volatility in the global financial system, deterioration in general economic activity, inflation, rising interest rates, supply chain issues, the War in Ukraine, other political, social or economic uncertainties, and fiscal, monetary and other policies that federal, state and local governments may enact, including infrastructure spending or deficit reduction measures, may have an adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. In particular, low tax revenues, budget deficits, financing constraints, including timing of long-term federal, state and local funding releases, and competing priorities could negatively impact the ability of government agencies to fund existing or new infrastructure projects in the public sector. These factors could have a material adverse effect on the financial market and economic conditions in the United States as well as throughout the world, which may limit our ability and the ability of our customers to obtain financing and/or could impair our ability to execute our strategy. In addition, levels of new commercial and residential construction projects could be adversely affected by oversupply of existing inventories of commercial and residential properties, low property values and a restrictive financing environment.
• We work in a highly competitive marketplace. We have multiple competitors in all the areas in which we work, and some of our competitors are larger than we are and may have greater resources than we do. Government funding for public works projects is limited, contributing to competition. An increase in competition may result in a decrease in new awards, a decrease in profit margins, or both. In addition, should downturns in residential and commercial construction activity occur, the competition for available public sector work would intensify, which could impact our revenue, CAP and profit margins.
•
Fixed price and fixed unit price contracts subject us to the risk of increased project cost. As more fully described in “Contract Provisions and Subcontracting” under “Item 1. Business,” the profitability of our fixed price and fixed unit price contracts can be adversely affected by a number of factors, including, among others, inflation, inefficiency and incorrect estimates or assumptions, that can cause our actual costs to materially exceed the costs estimated at the time of our original bid. This could result in reduced profits or a loss for that project and there could be a material adverse impact to our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
Public health events, including health epidemics or pandemics or other contagious outbreaks, could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to perform work may be significantly affected by public health events. If a public health epidemic or pandemic or other contagious outbreak, including COVID-19, interferes with our ability, or that of our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers and other business partners to perform our and their respective responsibilities and obligations relative to the conduct of our business, our operations may be affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
We derive a substantial amount of our revenue from federal, state and local government agencies, and any disruption in government funding or in our relationship with those agencies could adversely affect our business. For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 70% of our construction revenue was funded by federal, state and local government agencies and authorities. A significant amount of this revenue is derived under multi-year contracts, many of which are appropriated on an annual basis. As a result, at the beginning of a project, the related contract may be only partially funded, and additional funding is normally committed only as appropriations are made in each subsequent year. The success and further development of our business depends, in large part, upon the continued funding of these government programs, and upon our ability to obtain contracts and perform well under these programs. A significant reduction in government spending, the absence of a bipartisan agreement on the federal government budget, a partial or full federal government shutdown or a change in budgetary priorities could reduce demand for our services, cancel or delay projects and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There are several additional factors that could cause government agencies or authorities to delay or cancel programs, to reduce their orders under existing contracts, to exercise their rights to terminate contracts or not to exercise contract options for renewals or extensions. Such factors, which include the following, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or the timing of contract payments from government agencies or authorities:
• the failure of the U.S. government to complete its budget and appropriations process before its fiscal year-end;
• changes in and delays or cancellations of government programs, procurements, requirements or appropriations;
• budget constraints or policy changes resulting in delay or curtailment of expenditures related to the services we provide;
• re-competes of government contracts;
• the timing and amount of tax revenue received by federal, state and local governments, and the overall level of government expenditures;
• curtailment in the use of government contracting firms;
• delays associated with insufficient numbers of government staff to oversee contracts;
• the increasing preference by government agencies for contracting with small and disadvantaged businesses;
• competing political priorities and changes in the political climate regarding the funding or operation of the services we provide;
• the adoption of new laws or regulations affecting our contracting relationships with the federal, state or local governments;
• unsatisfactory performance on government contracts by us or one of our subcontractors, negative government audits or other events that may impair our relationship with federal, state or local governments;
• a dispute with or improper activity by any of our subcontractors; and
• general economic or political conditions.
•
Our U.S. federal government contracts may give government agencies the right to modify, delay, curtail, renegotiate or terminate existing contracts at their convenience at any time prior to their completion, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. U.S. federal government projects in which we participate as a contractor or subcontractor may extend for several years. Generally, government contracts include the right to modify, delay, curtail, renegotiate or terminate contracts and subcontracts at the government’s convenience any time prior to their completion. Any decision by a U.S. federal government client to modify, delay, curtail, renegotiate or terminate our contracts at their convenience could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•
Our failure to win new contracts and renew existing contracts with private and public sector clients could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business depends on our ability to win new contracts and renew existing contracts with private and public sector clients. Contract proposals and negotiations are complex and frequently involve a lengthy bidding and selection process, which is affected by a number of factors. These factors include market conditions, financing arrangements and required governmental approvals. If negative market conditions arise, or if we fail to secure adequate financial arrangements or the required government approval, we may not be able to pursue certain projects, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•
The timing of new contracts and termination of existing contracts may result in unpredictable fluctuations in our cash flows and financial results. A substantial portion of our revenues are derived from project-based work that is awarded through a competitive bid process. It is generally difficult to predict the timing and geographic distribution of the projects that we will be awarded. The selection of, timing of, or failure to obtain projects, delays in awards of projects, the re-bidding or termination of projects due to budget overruns, cancellations of projects or delays in completion of contracts could result in the under-utilization of our assets, including our fleet of construction equipment, which could lower our overall profitability and reduce our cash flows. Even if we are awarded contracts, we face additional risks that could affect when, or whether, work will begin. This can present difficulty in matching workforce size and equipment location with contract needs. In some cases, we may be required to bear the cost of a ready workforce and equipment that is larger than necessary, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If an expected contract award or the related work release is delayed or not received, we could incur substantial costs without receipt of any corresponding revenues. Moreover, construction projects for which our services are contracted may require significant expenditures by us prior to receipt of relevant payments from the customer. Finally, the winding down or completion of work on significant projects that were active in previous periods will reduce our revenue and earnings if such significant projects have not been replaced in the current period.
Many of our contracts may be canceled upon short notice, typically 30 to 90 days, even if we are not in default under the contract, and we may be unsuccessful in replacing contracts, resulting in a decrease in our revenue, net income and liquidity. Certain of our customers assign work to us on a project-by-project basis under master service agreements. Under these agreements, our customers often have no obligation to assign a specific amount of work to us. Our operations could decline significantly if the anticipated volume of work is not assigned to us or is canceled. Many of our contracts, including our master service agreements, are open to competitive bidding at the expiration of their terms. There can be no assurance that we will be the successful bidder on our existing contracts that come up for re-bid.
•
Design-build contracts subject us to the risk of design errors and omissions. Design-build is a common method of project delivery as it provides the owner with a single point of responsibility for both design and construction. We generally subcontract design responsibility to architectural and engineering firms. However, in the event of a design error or omission causing damages, there is risk that the subcontractor or their errors and omissions insurance would not be able to absorb the liability. In this case we may be responsible, resulting in a potentially material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
Many of our contracts have penalties for late completion. In some instances, including many of our fixed price contracts, we guarantee that we will complete a project by a certain date. If we subsequently fail to complete the project as scheduled, we may be held responsible for costs resulting from the delay, generally in the form of contractually agreed-upon liquidated damages. To the extent these events occur, the total cost of the project could exceed our original estimate and we could experience reduced profits or a loss on that project and there could be a material adverse impact to our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
Our failure to adequately recover on affirmative claims brought by us against project owners or other project participants (e.g., back charges against subcontractors) for additional contract costs could have a negative impact on our liquidity and future operations. In certain circumstances, we assert affirmative claims to which we believe we are entitled against project owners, engineers, consultants, subcontractors or others involved in a project for additional costs exceeding the contract price or for amounts not included in the original contract price. These types of affirmative claims occur due to matters such as delays or changes from the initial project scope, both of which may result in additional costs. Often, these affirmative claims can be the subject of lengthy arbitration or litigation proceedings, and it is difficult to accurately predict when and on what terms they will be fully resolved. For additional information, see "-Accounting for our revenues and costs involve significant estimates" risk factor below. The potential gross profit impact of recoveries for affirmative claims may be material in future periods when they, or a portion of them, become probable and estimable or are settled. When these types of events occur, we use working capital to cover cost overruns pending the resolution of the relevant affirmative claims and may incur additional costs when pursuing such potential recoveries. A failure to recover on these types of affirmative claims promptly and fully could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, while clients and subcontractors may be obligated to indemnify us against certain liabilities, such third parties may refuse or be unable to pay us.
• Our financial position could be impacted by worse than anticipated results in our Central operating group. In 2020, we completed a strategic review of our former Heavy Civil operating group, which is now part of our Central operating group, and have taken actions that we believe will be beneficial to us and our stockholders. However, the results of our planned actions, and the timing of expected benefits, remain uncertain. Underperformance in our Central operating group could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
Unavailability of insurance coverage could have a negative effect on our operations and results. We maintain insurance coverage as part of our overall risk management strategy and pursuant to requirements to maintain specific coverage that are contained in our financing agreements and in most of our construction contracts. Although we have been able to obtain reasonably priced insurance coverage to meet our requirements in the past, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future, and our inability to obtain such coverage could have an adverse impact on our ability to procure new work, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
An inability to obtain bonding could have a negative impact on our operations and results. As more fully described in “Insurance and Bonding” under “Item 1. Business,” we generally are required to provide surety bonds securing our performance under the majority of our public and private sector contracts. Our inability to obtain reasonably priced surety bonds in the future and, while we monitor the financial health of our insurers and the insurance market, catastrophic events could reduce available limits or the breadth of coverage, both of which could significantly affect our ability to be awarded new contracts and could, therefore, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
We use certain commodity products that are subject to significant price fluctuations. We are exposed to various commodity price risks, including, but not limited to, diesel fuel, natural gas, propane, steel, cement and liquid asphalt arising from transactions that are entered into in the normal course of business. We use petroleum-based products, such as fuels, lubricants and liquid asphalt, to power or lubricate our equipment, operate our plants, and as a significant ingredient in the asphaltic concrete we manufacture for sale to third parties and use in our asphalt paving construction projects. Although we are partially protected by asphalt or fuel price escalation clauses in some of our contracts, many contracts provide no such protection. We also use steel and other commodities in our construction projects that can be subject to significant price fluctuations. In order to manage or reduce commodity price risk, we monitor the costs of these commodities at the time of bid and price them into our contracts accordingly. Additionally, some of our contracts may include commodity price escalation clauses which partially protect us from increasing prices. At times we enter into supply agreements or pre-purchase commodities to secure pricing and use financial contracts to further manage a portion of the price risk. Significant price fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
Weather can significantly affect our revenues and profitability. Our ability to perform work is significantly affected by weather conditions such as precipitation and temperature. Changes in weather conditions can cause delays and otherwise significantly affect our project costs. The impact of weather conditions can result in variability in our quarterly revenues and profitability, particularly in the first and fourth quarters of the year.
•
Force majeure events, including natural disasters and terrorists' actions, could negatively impact our business, which may affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Force majeure or extraordinary events beyond the control of the contracting parties, such as natural and man-made disasters, as well as terrorist actions, could negatively impact the economies in which we operate. We typically negotiate contract language where we are allowed certain relief from force majeure events in private client contracts and review and attempt to mitigate force majeure events in both public and private client contracts. We remain obligated to perform our services after most extraordinary events subject to relief that may be available pursuant to a force majeure clause. If we are not able to react quickly to force majeure events, our operations may be affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•
Our CAP is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations and could be an uncertain indicator of our future earnings. We cannot guarantee that the revenues projected in our CAP will be realized or, if realized, will be profitable. Projects reflected in our CAP may be affected by project cancellations, scope adjustments, time extensions or other changes. Such changes may adversely affect the revenue and profit we ultimately realize on these projects.
•
Rising inflation and/or interest rates could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Economic factors, including inflation and rising interest rates, could have a negative impact on our business. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. In addition, increases in interest rates will result in higher interest expense related to borrowings under our Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
• As part of our growth strategy, we have made and may make future acquisitions, and acquisitions involve many risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include:
• our ability to complete acquisitions in accordance with our expected plans, on terms and conditions acceptable to us or our anticipated time frame, or at all;
• difficulties identifying all significant risks during our due diligence activities;
• that acquisitions involve significant costs and require the time and attention of our management, which may divert management’s attention from ongoing operations;
• potential difficulties and increased costs associated with completion of any assumed construction projects;
• our ability to successfully manage or achieve the results we expect to experience from the acquisitions and that we may lose key employees or customers of the acquired companies;
• assumption of liabilities of an acquired business, including liabilities that were unknown at the time the acquisition was negotiated;
• difficulties related to integrating the operations and internal controls, assimilating personnel, services, and systems of an acquired business and to assimilating marketing and other operational capabilities;
• increased burdens on our staff and on our administrative, internal control and operating systems, which may hinder our legal and regulatory compliance activities;
• if we issue additional equity securities, such issuances could have the effect of diluting our earnings per share as well as our existing shareholders’ individual ownership percentages in the Company;
• the recording of goodwill or other non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to subsequent impairment testing and potential impairment charges, as well as amortization expenses related to certain other intangible assets; and
• while we often obtain indemnification rights from the sellers of acquired businesses, such rights may be difficult to enforce and the indemnitors may not have the ability to financially support the indemnity.
Failure to successfully manage and integrate acquisitions could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
• As part of our strategy, we may make divestitures, and divestitures involve many risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include:
• our ability to locate suitable acquirers for our divestitures;
• our ability to complete the divestitures in accordance with our expected plans or anticipated time frame, or at all;
• our ability to complete the divestitures on terms and conditions acceptable to us;
• difficulties separating the assets and personnel related to businesses that we expect to divest from the businesses we expect to retain;
• that divestitures involve significant costs and require the time and attention of our management, which may divert management’s attention from ongoing operations;
• our ability to successfully cause a buyer of a divested business to assume the liabilities of that business, or even if such liabilities are assumed, we may have difficulties enforcing our rights, contractual or otherwise against the buyer;
• the need to obtain regulatory approvals and other third-party consents, which potentially could disrupt customer and vendor relationships;
• potential additional tax obligations or the loss of tax benefits;
• the divestiture could negatively impact our profitability because of losses that may result from a sale, the loss of revenue or a decrease in cash flows; and
• following the completion of a divestiture, we may have less diversity in our business and in the markets we serve as well as our client base.
Failure to successfully manage divestitures may generate fewer benefits than expected and could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
• In connection with acquisitions or divestitures, we may become subject to liabilities. In connection with any acquisitions, we may acquire liabilities or defects such as legal claims, including but not limited to third party liability and other tort claims; claims for breach of contract; employment-related claims; environmental liabilities, conditions or damage; permitting, regulatory or other compliance with law issues; or tax liabilities. If we acquire any of these liabilities, and they are not adequately covered by insurance or an enforceable indemnity or similar agreement from a creditworthy counterparty, we may be responsible for significant out-of-pocket expenditures. In connection with any divestitures, we may incur liabilities for breaches of representations and warranties or failure to comply with operating covenants under any agreement for a divestiture. We may also retain exposure on financial or performance guarantees, contractual, employment, pension and severance obligations or other liabilities of the divested business and potential liabilities that may arise under law because of the disposition or the subsequent failure of an acquiror. As a result, performance by the divested businesses or other conditions outside of our control could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may indemnify a counterparty in a divestiture for certain liabilities of the divested business or operations subject to the divestiture transaction. These liabilities, if they materialize, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR HUMAN CAPITAL, JOINT VENTURES AND SUBCONTRACTORS
•
Our success depends on attracting and retaining qualified personnel, joint venture partners and subcontractors in a competitive environment. The success of our business is dependent on our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified personnel, joint venture partners, advisors and subcontractors. Changes in general or local economic conditions and the resulting impact on the labor market and on our joint venture partners may make it difficult to attract or retain qualified individuals in the geographic areas where we perform our work. If we are unable to provide competitive compensation packages, high-quality training programs and attractive work environments or to establish and maintain successful partnerships, our reputation, relationships and/or ability to profitably execute our work could be adversely impacted.
• Failure to maintain safe work sites could result in significant losses. Construction and maintenance sites are potentially dangerous workplaces and often put our employees and others in close proximity with mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, chemical and manufacturing processes, and highly regulated materials. On many sites, we are responsible for safety and, accordingly, must implement safety procedures. If we fail to implement these procedures or if the procedures we implement are ineffective, we may suffer the loss of or injury to our employees, as well as expose ourselves to possible litigation. Our failure to maintain adequate safety standards through our safety programs could result in reduced profitability or the loss of projects or clients, and could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
• Strikes or work stoppages could have a negative impact on our operations and results. We are party to collective bargaining agreements covering a portion of our craft workforce. Although strikes or work stoppages have not had a significant impact on our operations or results in the past, such labor actions could have a significant impact on our operations and results if they occur in the future.
•
Failure of our subcontractors to perform as anticipated could have a negative impact on our results. As further described in “Contract Provisions and Subcontracting” under “Item 1. Business,” we subcontract portions of many of our contracts to specialty subcontractors, but we are ultimately responsible for the successful completion of their work. Although we seek to require bonding or other forms of guarantees, we are not always successful in obtaining those bonds or guarantees from our higher-risk subcontractors. We may be responsible for the failures on the part of our subcontractors to perform as anticipated, resulting in a potentially adverse impact on our cash flows and liquidity. In addition, the total costs of a project could exceed our original estimates and we could experience reduced profits or a loss for that project, which could have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
•
Our joint venture contracts subject us to risks and uncertainties, some of which are outside of our control. As further described in Note 1 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” and in “Joint Ventures” under “Item 1. Business,” we perform certain construction contracts as a limited or minority member of joint ventures. Participating in these arrangements exposes us to risks and uncertainties, including the risk that if our partners fail to perform under joint and several liability contracts, we could be liable for completion of the entire contract. In addition, if our partners are not able or willing to provide their share of capital investment to fund the operations of the venture, there could be unanticipated costs to complete the projects, financial penalties or liquidated damages. These situations could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
To the extent we are not the controlling partner, we have limited control over many of the decisions made with respect to the related construction projects. These joint ventures may not be subject to the same compliance requirements, including those related to internal control over financial reporting. While we have controls to mitigate the risks associated with reliance on their control environment and financial information, to the extent the controlling partner makes decisions that negatively impact the joint venture or internal control problems arise within the joint venture, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
•
We may be unable to identify and contract with qualified DBE contractors to perform as subcontractors. Certain of our government agency projects contain minimum DBE participation clauses. Although we have programs in place to ensure compliance, if we fail to complete these projects with the minimum DBE participation, we may be held responsible for breach of contract, which may include restrictions on our ability to bid on future projects as well as monetary damages. To the extent we are responsible for monetary damages, the total costs of the project could exceed our original estimates, we could experience reduced profits or a loss for that project and there could be a material adverse impact to our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
•
We may be required to contribute cash to meet our unfunded pension obligations in certain multi-employer plans. As of December 31, 2022, three of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Granite Construction Company, Layne Christensen Company and Granite Industrial, Inc., participate in various domestic multi-employer pension plans on behalf of union employees. Union employee benefits generally are based on a fixed amount for each year of service. We are required to make contributions to the plans in amounts established under collective bargaining agreements. Pension expense is recognized as contributions are made. The domestic pension plans are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). Under ERISA, a contributor to a multi-employer plan may be liable, upon termination or withdrawal from a plan, for its proportionate share of a plan’s unfunded vested liability. While we currently have no intention of withdrawing from a plan and unfunded pension obligations have not significantly affected our operations in the past, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to make material cash contributions to one or more of these plans to satisfy certain underfunded benefit obligations in the future.
RISKS RELATED TO THE RESTATEMENT
• We have restated our consolidated financial statements for certain prior periods, which has affected and may continue to affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. This Form 10-K includes restated unaudited quarterly financial information for the Restated Periods that corrects (a) errors related to deferred taxes and the calculation of income tax expense in connection with the sale of Inliner and (b) other immaterial errors. For additional information, see the Supplementary Data included in Part IV, Item 15(a) of this Form 10-K. Additionally, we previously restated certain periods in 2019 and prior to correct misstatements associated with project forecasts in our former Heavy Civil operating group, which is now part of our Central operating group. Taken collectively, such restatements:
• had and may continue to have the effect of eroding investor confidence in us and our financial reporting and accounting practices and processes;
• negatively impacted and may continue to negatively impact the trading price of our common stock;
• diverted and may continue to divert management’s attention from the operation of our business;
• required that we incur significant expenses and may require that we incur significant additional expenses relating to any litigation or regulatory examinations, investigations, proceedings or orders;
• may make it more difficult, expensive and time consuming for us to raise capital, if necessary, on acceptable terms, if at all;
• may make it more difficult to pursue transactions or implement business strategies that might otherwise be beneficial to our business; and
• may negatively impact our reputation with our customers.
The occurrence or continued occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
• We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting which could, if not remediated, adversely impact the reliability of our financial statements, result in material misstatements in our financial statements and cause current and potential stockholders to lose confidence in our financial reporting, which in turn could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. We have concluded that there is a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. For additional information on the material weakness identified and our remedial efforts, see “Item 9A, Controls and Procedures.” The material weakness resulted in the restatement of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for the Restated Periods. Thus, management has determined that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2022. Under Public Company Accounting Oversight Board standards, a material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a misstatement of our consolidated annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The existence of this issue could adversely affect us, our reputation or investor perceptions of us. We will take measures to remediate the underlying cause of the material weakness noted above. As we continue to evaluate and work to remediate the material weakness, we may determine to take additional measures to address the control deficiencies.
Although we plan to complete this remediation process as quickly as possible, we cannot provide any assurance as to when the remediation process will be complete, and our measures may not prove to be successful in remediating the material weakness. If our remedial measures are insufficient to address the material weakness, or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, our consolidated financial statements may contain misstatements and we could be required to restate our financial results. In addition, if we are unable to successfully remediate the material weakness or if we are unable to produce accurate consolidated financial statements in the future, our stock price, liquidity and access to the capital markets may be adversely affected and we may be unable to maintain compliance with applicable stock exchange listing requirements and debt covenant requirements. Further, because of its inherent limitations, even our remediated and effective internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in our conditions, or that the degree of compliance with our policies or procedures may deteriorate.
• We were involved in, and may in the future be subject to, litigation, regulatory examinations, investigations, proceedings or orders as a result of or relating to the restatement of our financial statements and if any of these are resolved adversely against us, it could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We were involved in, and may in the future be subject to, litigation, regulatory examinations, investigations, proceedings or orders, the assessment of civil monetary penalties, or equitable remedies, and the expenses associated with such matters as a result of or relating to the restatement of our financial statements and reported material weaknesses. Our management may be required to devote significant time and attention to these matters. If any of these matters are resolved adversely against us, it could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
RISKS RELATED TO LEGAL, REGULATORY, ACCOUNTING AND TAX ISSUES
• Government contractors are subject to suspension or debarment from government contracting. Government contracts expose us to a variety of risks that differ from those associated with private sector contracts. Various statutes to which our operations are subject, including, among others, the Davis-Bacon Act (which regulates wages and benefits), the Walsh-Healy Act (which prescribes a minimum wage and regulates overtime and working conditions), Executive Order 11246 (which establishes equal employment opportunity and affirmative action requirements) and the Drug-Free Workplace Act, provide for mandatory suspension and/or debarment of contractors in certain circumstances involving statutory violations. In addition, the Federal Acquisition Regulation and various state statutes provide for discretionary suspension and/or debarment in certain circumstances that might call into question a contractor’s willingness or ability to act responsibly, including as a result of being convicted of, or being found civilly liable for, fraud or a criminal offense in connection with obtaining, attempting to obtain or performing a public contract or subcontract. The scope and duration of any suspension or debarment may vary depending upon the facts and the statutory or regulatory grounds for debarment and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
• We are involved in lawsuits, legal proceedings and indemnity claims in the ordinary course of our business and may in the future be subject to other litigation, legal proceedings and claims, and, if any of these are resolved adversely against us, it could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any litigation, other legal proceedings or indemnity claim could result in an unfavorable judgment that may not be reversed upon appeal or in payments of substantial monetary damages or fines, or we may decide to settle lawsuits on similarly unfavorable terms, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We could also suffer an adverse impact on our reputation and a diversion of management's attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
• Government contracts generally have strict regulatory requirements. Approximately 70% of our construction-related revenue in 2022 was derived from contracts funded by federal, state and local government agencies and authorities. Government contracts are subject to specific procurement regulations, contract provisions and a variety of socioeconomic requirements relating to their formation, administration, performance and accounting and often include express or implied certifications of compliance. Claims for civil or criminal fraud may be brought for violations of regulations, requirements or statutes. We may also be subject to qui tam litigation brought by private individuals on behalf of the government under the Federal Civil False Claims Act, which could include claims for up to treble damages. Further, if we fail to comply with any of the regulations, requirements or statutes or if we have a substantial number of accumulated Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Mine Safety and Health Administration or other workplace safety violations, our existing government contracts could be terminated and we could be suspended from government contracting or subcontracting, including federally funded projects at the state level. Should one or more of these events occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
• We are subject to environmental and other regulation. As more fully described in “Government Regulations” under “Item 1. Business,” we are subject to a number of federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the environment, including the remediation of soil and groundwater contamination, emission and discharge of materials into the environment and reclamation and closure of operations, workplace health and safety and a variety of socioeconomic requirements and are required to obtain and maintain a number of environmental approvals, permits and financial assurances. Noncompliance with such laws, regulations and permits can result in, among other things, substantial penalties, or termination or suspension of government contracts or our operations as well as civil and criminal liability. In addition, some environmental laws and regulations impose strict, joint and several liability and responsibility on present and former owners, operators or users of facilities and sites, and entities that disposed or arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances at a third-party site, for contamination at such facilities and sites, without regard to causation or knowledge of contamination. We occasionally evaluate various alternatives with respect to our facilities, including possible dispositions or closures. Investigations undertaken in connection with these activities may lead to discoveries of contamination that must be remediated, and closures of facilities may trigger compliance requirements, including reclamation requirements, that may not be applicable to operating facilities. While compliance with these laws and regulations has not materially adversely affected our operations in the past, there can be no assurance that these requirements, laws or regulations will not change and that compliance will not adversely affect our operations in the future. Furthermore, we cannot provide assurance that existing or future circumstances or developments with respect to contamination will not require us to make significant remediation or restoration expenditures.
•
Increasing restrictions on securing aggregate reserves could negatively affect our future operations and results. Tighter regulations and the finite nature of property containing suitable aggregate reserves are making it increasingly challenging and costly to secure aggregate reserves. Although we have thus far been able to secure reserves to support our business, our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity may be adversely affected by an increasingly difficult permitting process.
•
Accounting for our revenues and costs involves significant estimates. As further described in “Critical Accounting Estimate” under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” accounting for our contract-related revenues and costs, as well as other expenses, requires management to make a variety of significant estimates and assumptions. These assumptions and estimates may change significantly in the future and could result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue and profit. Such changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
•
A change in tax laws or regulations of any federal, state or international jurisdiction in which we operate could increase our tax burden and otherwise adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. We continue to assess the impact of various U.S. federal, state, local and international legislative proposals that could result in a material increase to our U.S. federal, state, local and/or international taxes. We cannot predict whether any specific legislation will be enacted or the terms of any such legislation. However, if such proposals were to be enacted, or if modifications were to be made to certain existing regulations, the consequences could have a material adverse impact on us, including increasing our tax burden, increasing our cost of tax compliance or otherwise adversely affecting our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
•
We may be exposed to liabilities under the FCPA and any determination that we or any of our subsidiaries has violated the FCPA could have a material adverse effect on our business. The FCPA generally prohibits companies and their affiliates from making improper payment to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our internal policies, procedures and Code of Conduct mandate compliance with these anti-corruption laws. However, we operate in some countries known to experience corruption. Despite our training and compliance programs, we cannot provide assurance that our internal policies and procedures will always protect us from violation of such anti-corruption laws committed by our affiliated entities or their respective officers, directors, employees and agents. We could also face fines, sanctions and other penalties from authorities in the relevant foreign jurisdictions, including prohibition of participating in or curtailment of business operations in those jurisdictions and the seizure of certain of our assets. Our customers in those jurisdictions could also seek to impose penalties or take other actions adverse to our interest. In addition, we could face other third-party claims by, among others, our stockholders, debt holders or other interest holders or constituents. Violations of FCPA laws, allegations of such violations and/or disclosure related to any relevant investigation could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity for reasons including, but not limited to, an adverse effect on our reputation, our ability to obtain new business or retain existing business, to attract and retain employees, to access the capital markets and/or could give rise to an event of default under the agreements governing our debt instruments.
RISKS RELATED TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• Changes to our outsourced software or infrastructure vendors as well as any sudden loss, breach of security, disruption or unexpected data or vendor loss associated with our information technology systems could have a material adverse effect on our business. We rely on third-party software and infrastructure to run critical accounting, project management and financial information systems. If software or infrastructure vendors decide to discontinue further development, integration or long-term maintenance support for our information systems, or there is any system interruption, delay, breach of security, loss of data or loss of a vendor, we may need to migrate some or all of our accounting, project management and financial information to other systems. These disruptions could increase our operational expense as well as impact the management of our business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
• Cybersecurity attacks on or breaches of our information technology environment could result in business interruptions, remediation costs and/or legal claims. We may be subject to cybersecurity attacks, including through the use of ransomware and other forms of unauthorized access of our digital data with the intent to misappropriate information, corrupt data or cause operational disruptions. If a failure of our safeguarding measures were to occur, or if software or third-party vendors that support our information technology environment are compromised, it could have a negative impact to our business and result in business interruptions, remediation costs and/or legal claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CAPITAL STRUCTURE
• Failure to remain in compliance with covenants under our Credit Agreement, service our indebtedness, or fund our other liquidity needs could adversely impact our business. Our failure to comply with any of the restrictive or financial covenants would constitute an event of default under our Credit Agreement. Our failure to pay principal, interest or other amounts when due or within the relevant grace period on our 2.75% Convertible Notes or our Credit Agreement would constitute an event of default under the indenture governing our 2.75% Convertible Notes or the Credit Agreement. A default under our Credit Agreement could result in (i) us no longer being entitled to borrow under such facility; (ii) termination of such facility; (iii) the requirement that any letters of credit under such facility be cash collateralized; (iv) acceleration of amounts owed under the Credit Agreement; and/or (v) foreclosure on any lien securing the obligations under such facility. A default under the indenture governing our 2.75% Convertible Notes could result in acceleration of the maturity of the notes. If we are unable to service our debt obligations as a result of rising interest rates or any other reason or fund our other liquidity needs, we could be forced to curtail our operations, reorganize our capital structure (including through bankruptcy proceedings) or liquidate some or all of our assets in a manner that could cause holders of our securities to experience a partial or total loss of their investment in us. See definition of Credit Agreement and 2.75% Convertible Notes in Note 14 to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”
•
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our debt. Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including our 2.75% Convertible Notes and the obligations under our Credit Agreement, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Additionally, borrowings under our Credit Agreement bear interest at a variable rate. As interest rates increase, our interest expense will also increase if we continue to borrow or increase our borrowings under the credit facility. Our business may not continue to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the financial markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.
•
The convertible note hedge and warrant transactions may affect the value of our common stock. In connection with our 2.75% Convertible Notes offering, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with option counterparties. We also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties. The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of the 2.75% Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments we elect to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be. However, the warrant transactions could separately have a dilutive effect on our common stock to the extent that the market price per share of our common stock exceeds the strike price of the warrants ($53.44 per share) and we deliver shares of our common stock upon exercise of such warrants instead of paying cash. Additionally, in connection with establishing their initial hedge of the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions, the option counterparties may have entered into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock. The option counterparties may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions. This activity could cause an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock. The effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our common stock will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time, but these activities could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
•
We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the convertible note hedge transactions. The option counterparties are financial institutions, and we will be subject to the risk that one or more of such option counterparties may default under the convertible note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties is not, and will not be, secured by any collateral. If any option counterparty becomes subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings with respect to such option counterparty’s obligations under the relevant convertible note hedge transaction, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under such transaction. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be positively correlated to an increase in our common stock market price and in the volatility of the market price of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by an option counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and dilution with respect to our common stock. While all option counterparties were deemed to be of suitable financial strength on the transaction date, we can provide no assurance as to the financial stability or viability of any option counterparty.
•
The price of our common stock historically has been volatile. Our stock price may continue to be volatile and subject to significant price and volume fluctuations in response to market and other factors, including the other factors discussed in “Risks Factors;” variations in our quarterly operating results from our expectations or those of securities analysts or investors; downward revisions in securities analysts’ estimates; and announcement by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments. In addition, the sale or the availability for sale of a large number of shares of common stock in the public market may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
•
Delaware law and our charter documents may impede or discourage a takeover, which could reduce potential increases in the market price of our common stock. We are a Delaware corporation, and the anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law impose various impediments to the ability of a third party to acquire control of us, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our Board of Directors has the power, without stockholder approval, to designate the terms of one or more series of preferred stock and issue shares of preferred stock. The ability of our Board of Directors to create and issue a new series of preferred stock and certain provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could impede a merger, takeover or other business combination involving us or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer for our common stock, which, under certain circumstances, could reduce potential increases in the market price of our common stock.
RISKS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE
• Physical, transition and regulatory risks related to climate change could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Physical risks related to climate change, such as changing sea levels, temperature fluctuations, severe storms, and energy and technological disruptions, could cause delays and increases in project costs, resulting in variability in our revenue and profitability, as well as potentially adverse impacts to our operating results and financial condition. In addition, growing public concern about climate change has resulted in the increased focus of local, state, regional, national and international regulatory bodies on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change issues. Legislation to regulate greenhouse gas emissions has periodically been introduced in the U.S. Congress and in the legislatures of various states in which we operate, and there has been a wide-ranging policy debate, both in the United States and internationally, regarding the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. Such policy changes, including any enactment of increasingly stringent emissions or other environmental regulations, could increase the costs of projects for us and for our clients and, in some cases, delay or even prevent a project from going forward, thereby potentially reducing demand for our services. Consequently, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•
We may be unable to achieve our sustainability commitments and targets which could result in the loss of investors and customers and damage to our reputation. We are committed to advancing our environmental, social and governance strategy. However, achievement of our sustainability commitments and targets is subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: our ability to execute our operational strategies and achieve our goals within the currently projected costs and the expected timeframes; the availability and cost of alternative fuels, availability of renewable energy; unforeseen design, operational and technological difficulties; the outcome of research efforts and future technology developments; compliance with, and changes or additions to, global and regional regulations, taxes, charges, mandates or requirements relating to greenhouse gas emissions, carbon costs or climate-related goals; labor-related regulations and requirements that restrict or prohibit our ability to impose requirements on third party contractors; adapting products to customer preferences and customer acceptance of sustainable supply chain solutions; and the actions of competitors and competitive pressures.
Although we believe that our sustainability commitments and targets are achievable, there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement our strategies and achieve our targets. Investors have recently increased their focus on environmental, social and governance matters, including practices related to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Additionally, an increasing percentage of the investment community considers sustainability factors in making investment decisions. If we are unable to meet our commitments and targets and appropriately address sustainability enhancement, we may lose investors, customers or partners, our stock price may be negatively impacted, our reputation may be negatively affected and it may be more difficult for us to compete effectively, all of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as on the price of our common stock.
The foregoing list is not all-inclusive. There can be no assurance that we have correctly identified and appropriately assessed all factors affecting our business or that the publicly available and other information with respect to these matters is complete and correct. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect us. These developments could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. For these reasons, the reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.

---

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

---

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. PROPERTIES
Quarry Properties
We own or lease quarry properties that contain mineral resources that we extract and process into construction materials.
As defined by the SEC, mineral resources are a concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction. A mineral resource is a reasonable estimate of mineralization, taking into account relevant factors such as cut-off grade, likely mining dimensions, location or continuity, that, with the assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, is likely to, in whole or in part, become economically extractable.
As defined by the SEC, mineral reserves are an estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of indicated and measured mineral resources that, in the opinion of a qualified person, as defined by the SEC, can be the basis of an economically viable project. More specifically, it is the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined or extracted.
Our mineral resources and reserves are based on estimates made by qualified persons who are employees of the Company and are based primarily on geological evidence, sampling and testing and appropriate modifying factors. Amounts presented in the tables below are based on various assumptions to determine estimated economically mineable tons including site specific prices for sand and gravel and hard rock between $5 - $15 per ton. The price per ton estimates use a saleable product (i.e., materials that are ready for sale) as a point of reference and are escalated over time by the Producer’s Price Index for Construction Sand, Gravel and Crushed Stone (product 1321). Pricing for aggregates tend to remain similar for long periods of time; therefore, we use current pricing to estimate prices and we reassess at least annually to verify there have not been material changes. Changes to the estimates and assumptions from those currently anticipated could have a material impact on the mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates.
As of December 31, 2022, we had open pit quarry properties available for the extraction of sand, gravel and hard rock. Both of our reportable segments use these quarry properties to extract and process sand, gravel and hard rock into construction material for internal use and for sale to third parties. As of December 31, 2022, we had all the permits necessary to mine and process sand, gravel and hard rock at our active quarry properties. As of December 31, 2022, no individual mining operation was considered material to our business or financial condition. Aggregate annual production for all mining properties was 16.3 million tons, 16 million tons, and 14.3 million tons during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The following map shows the approximate locations of our permitted quarry properties as of December 31, 2022:
California, Utah and Washington are the states that individually comprise more than 10% of our total mining operations. The following tables present information about our quarry properties as of December 31, 2022 (tons in millions):
Resources and Reserves for Each Product Type (tons)
Percentage of Resources and Reserves Owned and Leased
State
Number of Properties
Sand & Gravel
Hard Rock
Owned (1)
Leased (2)
Acreage
California
471.0
286.0
%
%
10,381
Utah
103.5
33.2
%
%
1,333
Washington
48.8
71.5
%
%
5,651
All Other States
52.6
59.0
%
%
3,674
Total
675.9
449.7
%
%
21,039
(1) Owned properties are properties we own or in which we have, or it is probable that we will have, a direct or indirect economic interest.
(2) Leases are defined as properties where we operate, or it is probable we will operate, under a lease or other legal agreement that grants us ownership or similar rights that authorize us, as principal, to sell or otherwise dispose of the mineral and includes properties that we sublease and from which we receive royalties, which are both considered immaterial. Our leases have terms which range from month-to-month to 42 years with most including an option to renew.
The life cycle of mining sand, gravel and hard rock begins with exploration and continues through development and production. After a sand, gravel and hard rock deposit has been identified through exploration, the mine is developed before production begins. The following table presents the number of properties in each respective stage as of December 31, 2022 for all mining properties:
State
Exploration
Development
Production
California
Utah
-
Washington
All Other States
-
Mineral Resources
The table below presents information on measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources. Estimates of measured mineral resources are based on conclusive geological evidence, sampling and testing and may be converted to a proven mineral reserve or to a probable mineral reserve. Estimates of indicated mineral resources are based on adequate geological evidence, sampling and testing and may only be converted to a probable mineral reserve when sufficient evidence is identified including consideration of modifying factors such as mining, processing, economic and environmental factors. Modifying factors are the factors that a qualified person must apply to indicated and measured mineral resources and then evaluate to establish the economic viability of mineral reserves. Estimates of inferred mineral resources have significant geological uncertainty based on limited geological evidence, sampling and testing and therefore may not be converted to a mineral reserve.
As of December 31, 2022, our qualified persons estimated our measured, indicated and inferred resources to be approximately 246.3 million tons with an average permitted life of approximately 16 years at present operating levels. As of December 31, 2022, California, Utah and Washington were the only individual states that comprised more than 10% of our total mining operations. The Wine Group and Aerojet North White Rock were the only mines that comprised 10% or more of our combined measured and indicated mineral resources for sand and gravel and the Euer Ranch was the only mine that comprised 10% or more of our combined measured and indicated mineral resources for hard rock. The following table presents information about our mineral resources at December 31, 2022 (tons in millions):
Measured Mineral Resources
Indicated Mineral Resources
Measured + Indicated Mineral Resources
Inferred Mineral Resources
Amount (tons)
Grades / qualities (1)
Amount (tons)
Grades / qualities (1)
Amount (tons)
Grades / qualities (1)
Amount (tons)
Grades / qualities (1)
Sand and Gravel:
California
The Wine Group
-
-
51.4
Sand and Gravel
51.4
Sand and Gravel
-
-
Aerojet North White Rock
32.0
Sand and Gravel
-
-
32.0
Sand and Gravel
-
-
All other California
-
-
35.1
Sand and Gravel
35.1
Sand and Gravel
-
-
Total California
32.0
-
86.5
-
118.5
-
-
-
Washington
-
-
3.0
Sand and Gravel
3.0
Sand and Gravel
-
-
All other states
0.6
Sand and Gravel
-
-
0.6
Sand and Gravel
-
-
Total
32.6
-
89.5
-
122.1
-
-
-
Hard Rock:
California
Euer Ranch
71.7
Hard Rock
-
-
71.7
Hard Rock
-
-
All other California
9.9
Hard Rock
-
-
9.9
Hard Rock
-
-
Total California
81.6
-
-
-
81.6
-
-
-
Utah
9.6
Hard Rock
-
-
9.6
Hard Rock
-
-
Washington
-
-
-
-
-
-
33.0
Hard Rock
Total
91.2
-
-
-
91.2
-
33.0
-
Grand Total
123.8
-
89.5
-
213.3
-
33.0
-
(1) The grade of product produced is contingent on market needs. Sites typically sell base products that range from low to high grades including fill materials, base aggregates, hot mix aggregates and concrete aggregates.
Mineral Reserves
Mineral reserves are divided into proven and probable mineral reserves. Proven mineral reserves are the economically mineable part of a measured mineral resource and can only result from the conversion of a measured mineral resource. Proven mineral resources are determined by a qualified person through the testing of samples obtained from closely spaced subsurface drilling and/or exposed pit faces, and are sufficiently understood so that quantity, quality and engineering conditions are known with sufficient accuracy to be mined without the need for any further subsurface work. Probable mineral reserves are the economically mineable part of an indicated, and in some cases, a measured mineral resource. Probable mineral reserves are determined through the testing of samples obtained from subsurface drilling, but the sample points are too widely spaced to allow detailed prediction of quantity, quality and engineering conditions. Additional subsurface work may be needed prior to mining the reserve.
The modifying factors applied in the conversion of measured and indicated mineral resources to proven and probable mineral reserves during the year ended December 31, 2022 included various relevant technical and economic factors, including site infrastructure, mine design and planning, processing plant and environmental compliance and permitting. The basis of determining the modifying factors was a combination of historical experience mining aggregates and observation.
As of December 31, 2022, our qualified persons estimated our proven and probable reserves to be approximately 879.3 million tons with an average permitted life of approximately 28 years at present operating levels. Waste factors for proven and probable reserves range up to 45% depending on the deposit type, market characteristics and extraction feasibility. As of December 31, 2022, California, Utah and Washington were the only individual states that comprised more than 10% of our total mining operations, Coalinga and Grantsville were the only mines that comprised 10% or more of our mineral reserves for sand and gravel and Handley Quarry was the only mine that comprised 10% or more of our mineral reserves for hard rock. The following table presents information about mineral reserves at December 31, 2022 (tons in millions):
Proven Mineral Reserves
Probable Mineral Reserves
Total Mineral Reserves
Amount (tons)
Grades / qualities (1)
Amount (tons)
Grades / qualities (1)
Amount (tons)
Grades / qualities (1)
Sand and Gravel:
California
Coalinga
117.9
Sand and Gravel
-
-
117.9
Sand and Gravel
All other California
210.5
Sand and Gravel
24.1
Sand and Gravel
234.6
Sand and Gravel
Total California
328.4
-
24.1
-
352.5
-
Utah
Grantsville
99.0
Sand and Gravel
-
-
99.0
Sand and Gravel
All other Utah
4.4
Sand and Gravel
0.1
Sand and Gravel
4.5
Sand and Gravel
Total Utah
103.4
-
0.1
-
103.5
-
Washington
45.8
Sand and Gravel
-
-
45.8
Sand and Gravel
All other states
33.8
Sand and Gravel
18.2
Sand and Gravel
52.0
Sand and Gravel
Total
511.4
-
42.4
-
553.8
-
Hard Rock:
California
Handley Quarry
144.6
Hard Rock
-
-
144.6
Hard Rock
All other California
59.8
Hard Rock
-
-
59.8
Hard Rock
Total California
204.4
-
-
-
204.4
-
Utah
23.6
Hard Rock
-
-
23.6
Hard Rock
Washington
5.3
Hard Rock
33.2
Hard Rock
38.5
Hard Rock
All other states
25.9
Hard Rock
33.1
Hard Rock
59.0
Hard Rock
Total
259.2
-
66.3
-
325.5
-
Grand Total
770.6
-
108.7
-
879.3
-
(1) The grade of product produced is contingent on market needs. Sites typically sell base products that range from low to high grades including fill materials, base aggregates, hot mix aggregates and concrete aggregates.
Internal controls
Mining operations include risk in estimation of mineral reserves and mineral resources that could be impacted by unforeseen geologic circumstances, changes in regulation or changes in sales and customers. The risk that these estimates would be unreasonable based on the known information is mitigated by the following internal controls that we use in our exploration and mineral resource and mineral reserve estimation efforts:
•
quality control and quality assurance programs including management identifying the qualified person(s) with the appropriate background and qualifications to prepare the information used for disclosure purposes;
•
verification of analytical procedures including management reviewing the mineral resource and reserve report information for completeness, accuracy and appropriateness, such as categorization, inclusion of technical, economic and operational factors, discounted cash flow analysis inputs, assumptions and calculations, and mining, metallurgical, legal, environmental, social and governmental modifying factors as well as comparison of estimates to historic production and prior period estimates; and
•
review of disclosures to ensure compliance with requirements.
Plant Properties
We operate plants at our quarry sites to process aggregates into construction materials. Some of our sites may have more than one crushing, concrete or asphalt processing plant. The following table presents the number of plants we owned as of the respective dates:
December 31,
Aggregate crushing plants
Asphalt concrete plants
Cement concrete batch plants
Asphalt rubber plants
Lime slurry plants
These plants are used by both of our reportable segments.
Other Properties
The following table provides our estimate of certain information about other properties as of December 31, 2022:
Land Area (acres)
Buildings (square feet)
Office and shop space (owned and leased)
1,216
1,465,857
The office and shop space is used by both of our reportable segments.

---

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The description of the matters set forth in Note 20 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” is incorporated herein by reference.

---

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PART II

---

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GVA. As of February 15, 2022, 43,744,536 shares of our common stock were outstanding and held by 653 shareholders of record. We have paid quarterly cash dividends since the second quarter of 1990, and we expect to continue to do so.
The following table sets forth information regarding the repurchase of shares of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2022:
Period
Total number of shares purchased (1)
Average price paid per share
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2)
October 1, 2022 through October 31, 2022
3,156
$ 27.40
-
$ 231,535,405
November 1, 2022 through November 30, 2022
$ 32.22
-
$ 231,535,405
December 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022
2,168
$ 35.64
-
$ 231,535,405
5,644
$ 30.84
-
(1) The number of shares purchased was in connection with employee tax withholding for restricted stock units vested under our equity incentive plans.
(2) As announced on February 3, 2022, on February 1, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion. The specific timing and amount of any future purchases will vary based on market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative five-year total return provided to Granite Construction Incorporated’s common stockholders relative to the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index and the Dow Jones U.S. Heavy Construction index. The Dow Jones U.S. Heavy Construction index includes the following companies: AECOM, EMCOR Group Inc., MDU Resources Group Inc, MasTec Inc., Quanta Services Inc., Valmont Industries Inc. and WillScot Mobile Mini Holdings Corp. Certain of these companies differ from Granite in that they derive more revenue and profit from non-U.S. operations and have customers in different markets. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2022.

---

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. RESERVED

---

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
General
We deliver infrastructure solutions for public and private clients primarily in the United States. We are one of the largest diversified infrastructure companies in the United States. Within the public sector, we primarily concentrate on infrastructure projects, including the construction of streets, roads, highways, mass transit facilities, airport infrastructure, bridges, dams, power-related facilities, utilities, tunnels, water well drilling and other infrastructure-related projects. Within the private sector, we perform various services such as site preparation, mining services and infrastructure services for commercial and industrial sites, railways, residential development, energy development, as well as provide construction management professional services.
Our reportable segments are the same as our operating segments and correspond with how our chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group (our “CODM”), regularly reviews financial information to allocate resources and assess performance. We identified our CODM as our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Operating Officer. Our reportable segments are: Construction and Materials. The Construction segment focuses on construction and rehabilitation of roads, pavement preservation, bridges, rail lines, airports, marine ports, dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, infrastructure and site development for use by the general public and water-related construction for municipal agencies, commercial water suppliers, industrial facilities and energy companies. It also provides construction of various complex projects including infrastructure / site development, mining, public safety, tunnel, solar, battery storage and other power-related projects. The Materials segment focuses on production of aggregates and asphalt production for internal use and for sale to third parties. See Note 21 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information about our reportable segments.
In addition to reportable segments, we also review our business by operating groups. In alphabetical order, our operating groups are as follows:
•
California, which is comprised of vertically integrated businesses in home markets across the state;
•
Central, which includes the vertically integrated Arizona region and regional civil construction businesses in Illinois, Florida and Texas. The Central group also includes the Federal division which performs civil construction across the continental United States and Guam, and the Tunnel division; and
•
Mountain, which is comprised of vertically integrated regional businesses in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Utah and Nevada. The Mountain Group also includes national businesses in the Industrial & Energy division, which primarily focuses on commercial solar construction projects, Water Resources, which performs water well drilling and rehabilitation services and Mineral Services, which performs mineral exploration services for mining clients.
The five primary economic drivers of our business are (i) the overall health of the U.S. economy including access to resources (labor, supplies and subcontractors); (ii) federal, state and local public funding levels; (iii) population growth resulting in public and private development; (iv) the need to build, replace or repair aging infrastructure; and (v) the pricing of certain commodity related products. A stagnant or declining economy will generally result in reduced demand for construction and construction materials in the private sector. This reduced demand increases competition for private sector projects and will ultimately also increase competition in the public sector as companies migrate from bidding on scarce private sector work to projects in the public sector. In addition, a stagnant or declining economy tends to produce less tax revenue for public agencies, thereby decreasing a source of funds available for spending on public infrastructure improvements. Some funding sources that have been specifically earmarked for infrastructure spending, such as diesel and gasoline taxes, are not as directly affected by a stagnant or declining economy, unless actual consumption is reduced or gasoline sales tax revenues decline consistent with fuel prices. However, even these can be temporarily at risk as federal, state and local governments take actions to balance their budgets. Conversely, increased levels of public funding as well as an expanding or robust economy will generally increase demand for our services and provide opportunities for revenue growth and margin improvement.
Critical Accounting Estimate
The financial statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates and related judgments and assumptions are continually evaluated based on available information and experiences; however, actual amounts could differ from those estimates.
We consider revenue recognition a critical accounting estimate. It involves significant management judgment and can significantly affect our reported results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue is primarily derived from construction contracts that can span several quarters or years in our Construction segment and from sales of construction related materials in our Materials segment. We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and subsequently issued additional related ASUs. The accuracy of our revenue and profit recognition in a given period depends on the accuracy of our estimates of the forecasted revenue and cost to complete each project. Cost estimates for all of our significant projects use a detailed “bottom up” approach. There are a number of factors that can contribute to changes in estimates of contract cost and profitability. The most significant of these include:
•
changes in costs of labor and/or materials;
• subcontractor costs, availability and/or performance issues;
• extended overhead and other costs due to owner, weather and other delays;
•
changes in productivity expectations;
•
changes from original design on design-build projects;
•
our ability to fully and promptly recover on affirmative claims and back charges for additional contract costs;
•
a change in the availability and proximity of equipment and materials;
•
complexity in original design;
•
length of time to complete the project;
•
the availability and skill level of workers in the geographic location of the project;
•
site conditions that differ from those assumed in the original bid;
•
costs associated with scope changes; and
•
the customer’s ability to properly administer the contract.
The foregoing factors, as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit and gross profit margin from period to period. Significant changes in revenue and cost estimates, particularly in our larger, more complex, multi-year projects have had, and in the future could have, a significant effect on our profitability. Due to the number of factors that can contribute to changes in estimates of contract cost and profitability, the sensitivity of reported amounts to the assumptions underlying the estimate’s calculation is not reasonably available or meaningful. However, Note 3 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” presents the impact material revisions in estimates had on the periods covered by this report.
Current Economic Environment and Outlook
Funding for our public work projects, which accounts for approximately 70% of our portfolio, is dependent on federal, state, regional and local revenues. At the federal level, the rollout of the $1.2 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (“IIJA”) has started with the appropriation of funds included in the 2022 federal spending bill enacted in March 2022. The five-year IIJA provides the largest increase in federal highway, bridge and transit funding in more than six decades and includes $550 billion in incremental funding. In October 2022, the U.S. Department of Transportation announced that it released $59.9 billion in Fiscal Year 2023 apportionments directly to all 50 states, all of which is available for states to authorize following the passing of the FY 2023 omnibus appropriations bill in December 2022. We continue to believe that the increased multi-year spending commitment will improve the programming visibility for state and local governments and drive an increase in project lettings starting in 2023 and then more meaningfully in 2024 and beyond. We anticipate the impact to our financial statements to gradually grow in 2023 and beyond as funds are allocated first to quicker turn projects and then later to more complex larger projects.
At state, regional and local levels, voter-approved state and local transportation measures continue to support infrastructure spending. While each market is unique, we see a strong funding environment at the state and local levels currently and we expect that environment to improve with the impact of the IIJA. In California, our top revenue-generating state, a significant part of the state infrastructure spend is funded through Senate Bill 1 (SB-1), the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017, which is a 10-year, $54.2 billion program without any sunset provisions.
Over the recent years, inflation, supply chain and labor constraints have had a significant impact on the global economy including the construction industry in the United States. While it is impossible to fully eliminate the impact of these factors, we have applied proactive measures such as fixed forward purchase contracts of oil related inputs, energy surcharges, and adjustment of project schedules for constraints related to construction materials such as concrete. While we actively work to mitigate the impacts of oil price inflation, further price increases may adversely impact us in the future.
Our Committed and Awarded Projects (“CAP”) continues to be strong with $4.5 billion at the end of the fourth quarter of 2022. Our CAP is supported by a positive public funding environment and resilient private market which we believe will provide further opportunities in 2023 to continue to grow CAP.
Strategic Actions
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we concluded that the assets and liabilities of our former Water and Mineral Services operating group (“WMS”) met the criteria for classification as held for sale and the results of operations were presented as discontinued operations at that time. This included: our trenchless and pipe rehabilitation services business (“Inliner”); our water supply, treatment, delivery and maintenance business (“Water Resources”); and our mineral exploration drilling business (“Mineral Services”). The sale of Inliner was completed on March 16, 2022 for a purchase price of $159.7 million, subject to certain adjustments. As a result of the sale and post-closing adjustments, we received cash proceeds of $140.6 million and recognized a gain of $1.8 million.
In September 2022, we announced our decision to retain the Water Resources and Mineral Services businesses that were previously classified as held for sale and reported in discontinued operations. This change to our plan of sale was due to unfavorable market conditions which undermined our efforts to secure an appropriate value for the businesses. In connection with the reclassification of the WMS businesses from discontinued operations to continuing operations, the Consolidated Statements of Operations have been revised to include Inliner through the date of sale, as well as the ongoing operations of Water Resources and Mineral Services in the Mountain operating group for all periods presented. The Water Resources and Mineral Services businesses are included in the Construction segment. Inliner had both Construction and Materials operations. See Note 1 and Note 2 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information.
Litigation Matter
As further discussed in Note 20 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements,” our wholly owned subsidiary, Layne Christensen Company (“Layne”), has been sued for $100 million relating to Layne’s work on the Salesforce Tower foundation. Layne was a subcontractor on this project and potential liability for this project remained with Layne in connection with our acquisition of Layne in June 2018. For additional information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors - In connection with acquisitions or divestitures, we may become subject to liabilities” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors - We are involved in lawsuits and legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business and may in the future be subject to other litigation and legal proceedings, and, if any of these are resolved adversely against us, it could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.”
Results of Operations
Our operations are typically affected more by weather conditions during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year which may alter our construction schedules and can create variability in our revenues and profitability.
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Total revenue
$ 3,301,256
$ 3,501,865
$ 3,562,459
Gross profit
$ 369,494
$ 362,645
$ 344,788
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$ 272,610
$ 303,015
$ 316,284
Non-cash impairment charges (see Note 1 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”)
$ -
$ -
$ 156,690
Other costs, net (see Note 1 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”)
$ 24,120
$ 101,351
$ 37,089
Gain on sales of property and equipment, net (see Note 11 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”)
$ (12,617 )
$ (66,439 )
$ (6,930 )
Operating income (loss)
$ 85,381
$ 24,718
$ (158,345 )
Total other (income) expense, net
$ (6,436 )
$ 2,591
$ 8,118
Amount attributable to non-controlling interests
$ 4,445
$ 7,682
$ 21,064
Net income (loss) attributable to Granite Construction Incorporated
$ 83,302
$ 10,096
$ (145,117 )
Revenue
Total Revenue by Segment
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Construction
$ 2,803,935 85.0 %
$ 3,076,190 87.8 %
$ 3,181,697 89.4 %
Materials
497,321 15.0
425,675 12.2
380,762 10.6
Total
$ 3,301,256 100.0 %
$ 3,501,865 100.0 %
$ 3,562,459 100.0 %
Construction Revenue
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
California
$ 811,623 28.9 %
$ 822,448 26.7 %
$ 928,193 29.2 %
Central
851,779 30.4
1,058,448 34.4
1,145,725 36.0
Mountain
1,140,533 40.7
1,195,294 38.9
1,107,779 34.8
Total
$ 2,803,935 100.0 %
$ 3,076,190 100.0 %
$ 3,181,697 100.0 %
Construction revenue in 2022 decreased by $272.3 million, or 8.9%, compared to 2021 primarily due to the wind down of several large projects in the Central operating group, as well as the sale of Inliner in the first quarter of 2022. Revenue from the Mountain operating group decreased $54.8 million primarily due to the sale of Inliner which contributed $33 million in 2022 prior to its sale compared to $206 million in 2021. This decrease was partially offset by increased revenue driven by higher beginning CAP levels and stronger market conditions in the current year. California operating group revenue decreased $10.8 million in 2022, mainly due to delays in project starts and less favorable weather conditions in the first quarter of 2022. During 2022 and 2021, approximately 70% and 75%, respectively, of revenue earned in the Construction segment was from the public sector.
Materials Revenue
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
California
$ 273,314 54.9 %
$ 242,552 57.0 %
$ 222,021 58.3 %
Central
46,531 9.4
33,270 7.8
25,181 6.6
Mountain
177,476 35.7
149,853 35.2
133,560 35.1
Total
$ 497,321 100.0 %
$ 425,675 100.0 %
$ 380,762 100.0 %
Materials revenue in 2022 increased by $71.6 million, or 16.8%, when compared to 2021 driven by price increases inclusive of energy surcharges and overall market demands driving higher sales volumes of aggregates, slightly offset by decreased sales volumes for asphalt.
Committed and Awarded Projects
CAP consists of two components: (1) unearned revenue and (2) other awards. Unearned revenue includes the revenue we expect to record in the future on executed contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. We generally include a project in unearned revenue at the time a contract is awarded, the contract has been executed and to the extent we believe funding is probable. Contract options and task orders are included in unearned revenue when exercised or issued, respectively. Certain government contracts where funding is appropriated on a periodic basis are included in unearned revenue at the time of the award when it is probable the contract value will be funded and executed.
Other awards include the general construction portion of construction management/general contractor ("CM/GC") contracts and awarded contracts with unexercised contract options or unissued task orders. The general construction portion of CM/GC contracts are included in other awards to the extent contract execution and funding is probable. Contracts with unexercised contract options or unissued task orders are included in other awards to the extent option exercise or task order issuance is probable, respectively. All CAP is in the Construction segment.
December 31,
2021 (1)
(dollars in thousands)
Unearned revenue
$ 2,877,478 64.2 %
$ 2,595,085 64.7 %
Other awards
1,607,661 35.8
1,414,979 35.3
Total
$ 4,485,139 100.0 %
$ 4,010,064 100.0 %
December 31,
2021 (1)
(dollars in thousands)
California
$ 1,747,163 39.0 %
$ 1,476,066 36.8 %
Central
1,661,613 37.0
1,585,309 39.5
Mountain
1,076,363 24.0
948,689 23.7
Total
$ 4,485,139 100.0 %
$ 4,010,064 100.0 %
(1) These balances do not include amounts held for sale (see Note 2 of "“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”). The unearned revenue balance in CAP related to businesses held for sale at December 31, 2021 was $252.7 million and there was no balance for other awards.
CAP of $4.5 billion at December 31, 2022 was $475.1 million, or 11.8% higher than 2021 primarily due to higher CAP in all of our operating groups due to higher award volume during the fourth quarter of 2022. Including CAP that was classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2021 of $252.7 million and excluding CAP related to Inliner of $199.3 million as of December 31, 2021, which was sold during the first quarter of 2022, comparable CAP increased $421.7 million, or 10.4%, over the prior year. Significant new additions to CAP during the fourth quarter of 2022 included a $174 million runway project in California, a $170 million highway project in Arizona, a $160 million CM/GC railway project in Illinois and $142 million for multiple road projects in California.
Non-controlling partners’ share of CAP as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $85.0 million and $214.3 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, five and three contracts with remaining CAP of $10 million or more per project had total forecasted losses with remaining revenue of $134.2 million, or 3.0% of total CAP, and $204.2 million, or 5.1% of total CAP, respectively. Provisions are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the full amount of estimated losses on uncompleted contracts whenever evidence indicates that the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.
Gross Profit
The following table presents gross profit by reportable segment for the respective periods:
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Construction
$ 303,881
$ 303,228
$ 280,169
Percent of segment revenue
10.8 %
9.9 %
8.8 %
Materials
65,613
59,417
64,619
Percent of segment revenue
13.2
14.0
17.0
Total gross profit
$ 369,494
$ 362,645
$ 344,788
Percent of total revenue
11.2 %
10.4 %
9.7 %
Construction gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $0.7 million, or 0.2%, when compared to 2021 primarily driven by strong performance in the vertically integrated businesses in the California and Mountain operating groups. These increases were largely offset by decreases in the Central operating group related to negative net impacts from revisions in estimates (see Note 3 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”) as well as the impact of the sale of Inliner in the first quarter of 2022.
Materials gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $6.2 million, or 10.4%, when compared to 2021 due to higher revenue and greater volumes while gross profit margin decreased due to the impact of higher fuel and energy costs earlier in the year. Although fuel and liquid asphalt costs increased in 2022 as compared to 2021, we implemented energy surcharges in the second quarter of 2022 to cover these increases on new orders.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
The following table presents the components of selling, general and administrative expenses for the respective periods:
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Selling
Salaries and related expenses
$ 57,921
$ 65,758
$ 69,530
Incentive compensation
4,316
5,160
5,297
Restricted stock unit amortization
1,277
1,415
1,280
Other selling expenses
8,627
4,632
9,661
Total selling
72,141
76,965
85,768
General and administrative
Salaries and related expenses
103,161
111,149
111,188
Incentive compensation
12,108
8,908
10,519
Restricted stock unit amortization
5,084
3,792
3,408
Other general and administrative expenses
80,116
102,201
105,401
Total general and administrative
200,469
226,050
230,516
Total selling, general and administrative
$ 272,610
$ 303,015
$ 316,284
Percent of revenue
8.3 %
8.7 %
8.9 %
Selling Expenses
Selling expenses include the costs for estimating and bidding, including offsetting customer reimbursements for portions of our selling/bid submission expenses (i.e., stipends), business development and materials facility permits. Selling expenses can vary depending on the volume of projects in process and the number of employees assigned to estimating and bidding activities. As projects are completed or the volume of work slows down, we temporarily redeploy project employees to bid on new projects, moving their salaries and related costs from cost of revenue to selling expenses. Selling salaries and related expenses for 2022 decreased by $7.8 million compared to 2021, primarily due to the sale of Inliner on March 16, 2022 as well as other cost reduction efforts. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $4.0 million in other selling expenses driven by increased bidding activity in 2022.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses include costs related to our operational offices that are not allocated to direct contract costs and expenses related to our corporate functions. Other general and administrative expenses include travel and entertainment, outside services, information technology, depreciation, occupancy, training, office supplies, changes in the fair market value of our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation plan liability and other miscellaneous expenses. Total general and administrative expenses for 2022 decreased by $25.6 million, or 11.3%, compared to 2021, primarily due to the sale of Inliner on March 16, 2022, as well as decreases in the fair market value of our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation plan liability, which is mostly offset in other (income) expense, net, through our own company-owned life insurance policy. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in incentive compensation due to improved financial performance.
Other Costs, net
The following table presents other costs for the respective periods:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Other costs, net
$ 24,120
$ 101,351
$ 37,089
Other costs for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased by $77.2 million when compared to 2021 primarily due to the securities litigation settlement charge of $66.0 million that occurred in 2021, settlement of the shareholder derivative lawsuit and related receipt of $5.0 million in 2022 as well as decreases in non-recurring legal and accounting fees of $7.4 million, net divestiture expenses of $8.0 million and personnel costs in connection with our operating group reorganization during 2021 of $2.8 million. These decreases were partially offset by a $12.0 million charge for the resolution of the SEC investigation in 2022. See Note 20 of "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements" for information related to settlements of certain legal matters and investigations.
Gain on Sales of Property and Equipment, net
The following table presents the gain on sales of property and equipment, net for the respective periods:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Gain on sales of property and equipment, net
$ (12,617 )
$ (66,439 )
$ (6,930 )
Gain on sales of property and equipment, net for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased by $53.8 million when compared to 2021 due to fewer properties sold and lower gains per property sold in 2022. The properties sold were part of our ongoing asset optimization plan. See Note 11 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information.
Other (Income) Expense
The following table presents the components of other (income) expense, net for the respective periods:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Interest income
$ (6,528 )
$ (1,176 )
$ (3,096 )
Interest expense
12,624
20,739
24,200
Equity in income of affiliates
(13,571 )
(12,586 )
(8,783 )
Other income, net
1,039
(4,386 )
(4,203 )
Total other (income) expense, net
$ (6,436 )
$ 2,591
$ 8,118
Interest income for 2022 increased by $5.4 million when compared to 2021 primarily due to higher interest rates on our investments. Interest expense for 2022 decreased by $8.1 million, or 39.1%, when compared to 2021 because we are no longer recording the amortization of the debt discount on our 2.75% Convertible Notes due to the implementation of ASU 2020-06. Equity in income of affiliates was relatively flat when compared to 2021. Other income, net decreased by $5.4 million primarily due to increases in the fair market value of our company owned life insurance policy, which is mostly offset in general and administrative expenses through our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation plan liability.
Income Taxes
The following table presents the provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the respective periods:
Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
$ 12,960
$ 19,713
$ (282 )
Effective tax rate
14.1 %
89.1 %
0.2 %
Our effective tax rate decreased from 89.1% to 14.1% when compared to 2021 primarily due to the tax benefit associated with the reversal of net deferred tax liabilities related to businesses no longer held for sale and the release of valuation allowances related to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards. The impacts of those items were partially offset by nondeductible goodwill associated with the sale of Inliner and the impact of the relative change in income before income taxes to the provision for income taxes.
Amount Attributable to Non-controlling Interests
The following table presents the amount attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries for the respective periods:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Amount attributable to non-controlling interests
$ 4,445
$ 7,682
$ 21,064
The amount attributable to non-controlling interests represents the non-controlling owners’ share of the net loss of our consolidated construction joint ventures. The change during 2022 was primarily due to increased profits from new and existing joint ventures, partially offset by a net negative impact from revisions in estimates on one project. (See Note 3 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”).
Prior Years Comparison (2021 to 2020)
Revenue: Construction revenue in 2021 decreased $105.5 million, or 3.3%, compared to 2020 primarily due to lower CAP in the California operating group and inclement weather conditions in California near the end of 2021. Lower CAP was reflective of an extended competitive bidding environment that existed through the first half of 2021. Additionally, the Central operating group revenue decreased as we remain disciplined in our project bidding selection criteria and certain projects neared completion. These decreases were partially offset by increases in the Mountain operating group primarily driven by increased demand for water supply and maintenance services and mineral exploration, as well as lower activity levels in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic which caused delays in awarded projects and deferrals in bidding processes.
Materials revenue in 2021 increased $44.9 million, or 11.8%, when compared to 2020 from increased volumes in both aggregates and asphalt sales combined with increased pricing in certain markets.
Gross Profit: Construction gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by $23.1 million, or 8.2%, when compared to 2020 primarily due to a decrease in the negative net impact from revisions in estimates in our Central operating group (see Note 3 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”), and increased activity in water supply and maintenance services and mineral exploration, partially offset by decreases in gross profit from our vertically-integrated businesses from an extended competitive bidding environment.
Materials gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased by $5.2 million, or 8.1%, when compared to 2020 driven primarily by higher fuel and liquid asphalt costs in 2021 compared to 2020 combined with lower volumes in California due to inclement weather during the fourth quarter of 2021.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling expenses for 2021 decreased $8.8 million, or 10.3%, compared to 2020 primarily due to reduced estimating and bidding activity following the implementation of our new project bidding selection criteria. General and administrative expenses were relatively flat year over year.
Non-cash Impairment Charges: The change during 2021 was primarily due to goodwill impairment charges as well as an impairment in our investment in affiliates in 2020.
Other Costs: Other costs for the year ended December 31,2021 increased by $64.3 million when compared to 2020 primarily due to $66.0 million in net settlement charges incurred during 2021 as further described in Note 20 of "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements." Other costs also decreased by $13.5 million in 2021 due to a reduction in non-recurring legal and accounting fees. The majority of these non-recurring fees related to the lawsuits discussed in Note 20 of "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements." This decrease in non-recurring legal and accounting fees was offset by increases of $3.3 million in personnel costs incurred in connection with our operating group reorganization and $8.5 million of divestiture expenses related to the planned sale of the businesses within our former WMS operating group during 2021.
Gain on Sales of Property and Equipment: Gain on Sales of Property and Equipment increased $59.5 million compared to 2020 primarily due to sales of properties in California related to our ongoing asset optimization plan.
Other (Income) Expense: Interest income for 2021 decreased $1.9 million, or 62.0%, compared to 2020 primarily due to the settlement of two notes receivable. Interest expense for 2021 decreased $3.5 million, or 14.3%, when compared to 2020 as no amount was drawn on the revolver in 2021 and due to a decrease in the effective interest rate on our credit facility. Equity in income of affiliates for 2021 increased $3.8 million, or 43.3%, compared to 2020 primarily due to an increase in income from our foreign affiliates, which was partially offset by a decrease in income from a real estate investment entity.
Income Taxes: Our tax rate increased from 0.2% to 89.1% when compared to 2020. The change in tax rate was due primarily to the tax expense associated with the non-cash impairment charges in 2020 (see Note 1 of "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements") and the income tax expense associated with the held for sale classification of the assets and liabilities of the former WMS operating group in 2021.
Amount Attributable to Non-controlling Interests: The change during 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in the net negative impact from revisions in estimates on two projects (see Note 3 of "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements").
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, investments, available borrowing capacity under our credit facility and cash generated from operations. We may also from time to time issue and sell equity, debt or hybrid securities or engage in other capital markets transactions or sell one or more business units or assets.
Our material cash requirements include paying the costs and expenses associated with our operations, servicing outstanding indebtedness, making capital expenditures and paying dividends on our capital stock. We may also from time to time prepay or repurchase outstanding indebtedness and acquire assets or businesses that are complementary to our operations.
Our primary contractual obligations are as follows and are further discussed in the referenced “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements:”
• Asset retirement obligations - see Note 11, Property and Equipment, net
• Long-term debt and the associated interest payments - see Note 14, Long-Term Debt
• Operating lease and royalty future minimum payments - see Note 15, Leases
• Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan obligations - see Note 16, Employee Benefit Plans
We believe our primary sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our expected working capital needs, capital expenditures, financial commitments, cash dividend payments, and other liquidity requirements associated with our existing operations for the next twelve months. We believe our primary sources of liquidity, access to the debt and equity capital markets and cash expected to be generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our long-term requirements and plans. However, there can be no assurance that sufficient capital will continue to be available or that it will be available on terms acceptable to us.
As of December 31, 2022, our cash and cash equivalents consisted of deposits and money market funds held with established national financial institutions and marketable securities consisting primarily of U.S. Government and agency obligations and corporate commercial paper.
At the end of the second quarter of 2022, we had $16.5 million of past due receivables and $27.1 million of contract retention receivable from Brightline Trains Florida LLC ("Brightline") and they were experiencing delays in securing additional funding at that time. During the third quarter of 2022, Brightline obtained additional funding and paid their past due receivables balances. As of December 31, 2022, we had $6.8 million of receivables and $28.4 million of contract retention receivable from Brightline (see Note 6 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”). $3.4 million of the receivables were past due as of December 31, 2022 but were paid in January 2023. Brightline continues to experience challenges and delays in securing additional funding. As of the date of this report, the remaining $3.4 million that was due in January is past due and $2.8 million has been billed since December 31, 2022. The timing and probability of future payments may be affected and our liquidity impacted if Brightline faces additional funding difficulties.
During the first half of 2022, we prepaid 100% of our outstanding term loan and replaced the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated May 31, 2018 with the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) maturing June 2, 2027. The Credit Agreement is a $350.0 million senior secured, five-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”). As of December 31, 2022, the total unused availability under the Credit Agreement was $269.3 million, resulting from $30.7 million in issued and outstanding letters of credit and $50.0 million drawn under the Revolver. See Note 14 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further discussion regarding the Revolver.
In evaluating our liquidity position and needs, we also consider cash and cash equivalents held by our consolidated construction joint ventures (“CCJVs”). The following table presents our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, including amounts from our CCJVs, as of the respective dates:
December 31,
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents excluding CCJVs
$ 191,444
$ 302,864
CCJV cash and cash equivalents (1)
102,547
92,783
Total consolidated cash and cash equivalents
293,991
395,647
Short-term and long-term marketable securities (2)
65,943
15,600
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$ 359,934
$ 411,247
(1) The volume and stage of completion of contracts from our CCJVs may cause fluctuations in joint venture cash and cash equivalents between periods. The assets of each consolidated and unconsolidated construction joint venture relate solely to that joint venture. The decision to distribute joint venture assets must generally be made jointly by a majority of the members and, accordingly, these assets, including those associated with estimated cost recovery of customer affirmative claims and back charge claims, are generally not available for the working capital needs of Granite until distributed.
(2) All marketable securities were classified as held-to-maturity and consisted of U.S. and agency obligations and corporate commercial paper as of all periods presented.
Granite’s portion of CCJV cash and cash equivalents was $62.5 million and $54.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Excluded from the table above is:
• $40.4 million and $56.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in Granite’s portion of unconsolidated construction joint venture cash and cash equivalents and
• $16.5 million of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021 that was included in current assets held for sale.
Capital Expenditures
Major capital expenditures are typically for aggregate and asphalt production facilities, aggregate reserves, construction equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements and investments in our information technology systems. The timing and amount of such expenditures can vary based on the progress of planned capital projects, the type and size of construction projects, changes in business outlook and other factors. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we had capital expenditures of $121.6 million, compared to $94.8 million during 2021 for an increase of $26.8 million. The increase year over year is primarily due to acquisitions of materials reserves in 2022. We currently anticipate 2023 capital expenditures to be between approximately $100 million and $120 million.
Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
$ 55,647
$ 21,931
$ 268,460
Investing activities
$ (11,000 )
$ (21,478 )
$ (41,262 )
Financing activities
$ (164,311 )
$ (24,446 )
$ (57,658 )
Operating activities
As a large infrastructure contractor and construction materials producer, our revenue, gross profit and the resulting operating cash flows can differ significantly from period to period due to a variety of factors, including seasonal cycles, project progression toward completion, outstanding contract change orders and affirmative claims, and the payment terms of our contracts. Additionally, operating cash flows are impacted by the timing related to funding construction joint ventures and the resolution of uncertainties inherent in the complex nature of the work that we perform, including claim and back charge settlements. Our working capital assets result from both public and private sector projects. Customers in the private sector can be slower paying than those in the public sector; however, private sector projects generally have higher gross profit as a percentage of revenue. While we typically invoice our customers on a monthly basis, our contracts frequently provide for retention that is a specified percentage withheld from each payment by our customers until the contract is completed and the work accepted by the customer.
Cash provided by operating activities of $55.6 million during 2022 represents a $33.7 million increase when compared to 2021. The change was primarily due to a $105.1 million increase in cash provided by net income after adjusting for non-cash items and a $76.6 million decrease in cash provided by working capital. The decrease in cash provided by working capital was primarily due to an increase in contract assets, largely due to unresolved disputed work, as well as increased retention balances related to certain ongoing projects. This was partially offset by a decrease in receivables due to improvement in our billing and collection timing.
Investing activities
Cash used in investing activities of $11.0 million during 2022 represents a $10.5 million decrease when compared to 2021. The change was primarily due to proceeds from the sale of the Inliner business in March 2022, partially offset by a decrease in proceeds from sales of property and equipment as well as increased purchases of marketable securities and property and equipment in the current year.
Financing activities
Cash used in financing activities of $164.3 million during 2022 represents a $139.9 million increase when compared to 2021. The change was primarily due to the prepayment of our term loan of $123.8 million in the first half of 2022 and repurchases of common stock (inclusive of our accelerated share repurchase) of $70.9 million, partially offset by $50.0 million drawn on our Revolver. The net debt paydown was completed at the time the Credit Agreement was entered (see Note 14 to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information), to bring our cash balance in line with projected cash needs for the rest of 2022.
Derivatives
We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value using Level 2 inputs. See Note 8 to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information. The hedge option and warrant derivative transactions related to the 2.75% Convertible Notes were recorded to equity on our consolidated balance sheets based on the cash proceeds. See Note 14 to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information.
Surety Bonds and Real Estate Mortgages
We are generally required to provide various types of surety bonds that provide an additional measure of security for our performance under certain public and private sector contracts. At December 31, 2022, approximately $2.5 billion of our $4.5 billion CAP was bonded. Performance bonds do not have stated expiration dates; rather, we are generally released from the bonds after the owner accepts the work performed under contract. The ability to maintain bonding capacity to support our current and future level of contracting requires that we maintain cash and working capital balances satisfactory to our sureties.
Our investments in real estate affiliates are subject to mortgage indebtedness. This indebtedness is non-recourse to Granite but is recourse to the real estate entities. The terms of this indebtedness are typically renegotiated to reflect the evolving nature of the real estate projects as they progress through acquisition, entitlement and development. Modification of these terms may include changes in loan-to-value ratios requiring the real estate entity to repay portions of the debt. The debt associated with our unconsolidated non-construction entities is included in Note 10 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”
Covenants and Events of Default
Our Credit Agreement requires us to comply with various affirmative, restrictive and financial covenants, including the financial covenants described below. Our failure to comply with these covenants would constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreement. Additionally, the 2.75% Convertible Notes are governed by the terms and conditions of the indenture. Our failure to pay principal, interest or other amounts when due or within the relevant grace period on our 2.75% Convertible Notes or our Credit Agreement would constitute an event of default under the 2.75% Convertible Notes indenture or the Credit Agreement. A default under our Credit Agreement could result in (i) us no longer being entitled to borrow under such facility; (ii) termination of such facility; (iii) the requirement that any letters of credit under such facility be cash collateralized; (iv) acceleration of amounts owed under the Credit Agreement; and/or (v) foreclosure on any lien securing the obligations under such facility. A default under the 2.75% Convertible Notes indenture could result in acceleration of the maturity of the notes.
The most significant financial covenants under the terms of our Credit Agreement require the maintenance of a minimum Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio and a maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio. As of December 31, 2022, the Consolidated Leverage Ratio was 1.46, which did not exceed the maximum of 3.25. Our Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio was 15.06, which exceeded the minimum of 3.00.
Share Purchase Program
As announced on February 3, 2022, on February 1, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion. In March 2022 we repurchased 611,000 shares under this authorization.
On May 2, 2022, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase transaction with Bank of Montreal. The Accelerated Share Repurchase was entered into pursuant to the existing share repurchase program. On May 2, 2022, we paid $50.0 million to the bank and received 80% of the notional amount, or $40.0 million, in shares using the closing price on the trade date. This equated to approximately 1.32 million shares, which were immediately retired. On August 31, 2022, the reference period ended and on September 2, 2022 we received an additional 0.37 million shares, which were immediately retired. The final share delivery was based on the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of Granite's common stock, less a discount, during the reference period. The average price of all shares purchased under the Accelerated Share Repurchase was $29.63.
The specific timing and amount of any future repurchases will vary based on market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” under the caption Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements.

---

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types and maturities. We purchase instruments that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy. Our investment policy also limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issue, issuer or type of instrument. The portfolio and accompanying cash balances are targeted to an average maturity of no more than one year from the date the purchase is settled. On an ongoing basis we monitor credit ratings, financial condition and other factors that could affect the carrying amount of our investment portfolio.
Marketable securities, consisting of U.S. government and agency obligations, are classified as held-to-maturity and are stated at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and discounts to maturity.
Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents and our marketable securities with several financial institutions.
Given the short-term nature of certain investments, the related income is subject to the general level of interest rates in the United States at the time of maturity and reinvestment. We manage investment interest rate market risk primarily by managing portfolio maturity. The fair value of our long-term held-to-maturity investment portfolio may be affected by changes in interest rates.
Operating in international markets involves exposure to possible volatile movements in currency exchange rates. Our Mountain operating group has international operations in Mexico and Canada. We also have affiliates that operate in Latin America (see Note 10 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”). The majority of the customer contracts in Mexico are U.S. dollar-based, reducing the exposure to currency fluctuations. As of December 31, 2022, we do not have any outstanding foreign currency option contracts. If the volume of our international operations increases and foreign currency exchange rates change, the impact to our consolidated statements of operations could be significant and may affect year-to-year comparability of operating results. The impact from foreign currency transactions during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was immaterial.
Due to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 (see Note 1 of "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements"), we did not record amortization of debt discount related to our 2.75% Convertible Notes during 2022. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance in long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets of the 2.75% Convertible Notes, excluding debt issuance costs, and including $14.8 million of amortized debt discount in 2021, was $230.0 million and $207.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the remaining unamortized debt discount was $22.6 million but was reduced to zero upon adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022.
We may borrow on the Revolver, at our option, at either (a) the SOFR term rate plus a credit adjustment spread plus applicable margin ranging from 1.0% to 2.0%, or (b) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.0% to 1.0%. The applicable margin is based on our Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in our Credit Agreement), calculated quarterly.
As of December 31, 2022, there was $50.0 million drawn under the Revolver.
See Note 14 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further discussion on the 2.75% Convertible Notes and Credit Agreement.
The table below presents principal amounts due by year and related weighted average interest rates for our cash and cash equivalents, held-to-maturity investments and significant debt obligations, excluding debt issuance costs, as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
Thereafter
Total
Assets
Cash, cash equivalents, held-to-maturity investments
$ 333,365
$ 26,569
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 359,934
Weighted average interest rate
3.83 %
1.51 %
- %
- %
- %
- %
3.66 %
Liabilities
Fixed rate debt
Credit Agreement Revolver Loan
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 50,000
$ -
$ 50,000
Effective interest rate (1)
5.92 %
5.92 %
5.92 %
5.92 %
5.92 %
- %
5.92 %
2.75% Convertible Notes
$ -
$ 230,000
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 230,000
Coupon rate
2.75 %
2.75 %
- %
- %
- %
- %
2.75 %
(1) The effective interest rate was calculated using one-month SOFR plus 10 basis points plus the applicable margin. Future interest payments may differ from actual results.
The estimated fair value of our cash and cash equivalents approximates the principal amounts reflected above based on the generally short maturities of these financial instruments. The fair value of 2.75% Convertible Notes was approximately $281.4 million and $313.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

---

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The following consolidated financial statements of Granite, the supplementary data and the independent registered public accounting firm’s report are incorporated by reference from Part IV, Item 15(a)(1) and (2):
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Supplementary Data

---

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As disclosed in the Explanatory Note and in Supplementary Data included in Part IV, Item 15(a) of this Form 10-K, we are restating our unaudited quarterly financial information for the first three quarters of the year ended December 31, 2022 to correct (a) errors related to deferred taxes and the calculation of income tax expense in connection with the sale of Inliner, which was completed in the first quarter of 2022 and was classified within discontinued operations in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations during the first and second quarters of 2022 and (b) other immaterial errors, including certain errors that had previously been adjusted for as out of period corrections. The errors were identified by management in connection with the preparation of this Form 10-K- through our annual review control processes.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report and, based on their evaluation, our principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022, due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, as further described below.
In connection with our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, filed on April 28, 2022, July 28, 2022 and October 27, 2022, respectively, management evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022. Based upon those evaluations, our principal executive and principal financial officers concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of those dates. Subsequent to those evaluations our principal executive and principal financial officers re-evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, because of the material weakness described below.
Management nonetheless determined that the consolidated financial statements and related financial information included in this Form 10-K fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates presented, and for the periods ended on such dates, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Management’s determination is based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, management’s performance of extensive analysis and other post-closing procedures as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d -15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is defined as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the issuer’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the issuer’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the issuer; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the issuer are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the issuer; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the issuer’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive and principal financial officers, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, using the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management determined, based upon the existence of the material weakness described below, that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We did not design an effective control to assess the impact of significant and unusual discrete items on the interim tax provision, such as the divestiture of a business. This material weakness resulted in the misstatement of our income tax expense, other costs, net and income tax payable, and in the restatement of the Company's unaudited quarterly financial information for the Restated Periods. Additionally, this material weakness could result in a misstatement of the aforementioned account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. The report is included in Part IV, Item 15(a) of this Form 10-K under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2022.
Remediation Plan
Management is committed to implementing changes to our internal control over financial reporting to ensure that the material weakness is remediated. We have evaluated the impact of the material weakness and will implement the following changes:
• We will enhance our accounting for income tax controls on an interim basis to include specific activities to assess the impacts of significant and unusual transactions, such as divestitures of a business.
• We will add additional reviews and approvals of the quarterly effective tax rate calculations with regard to significant and unusual transactions to ensure such discrete tax items are appropriately identified and accounted for accurately within the appropriate interim period.
While we believe that these actions will remediate the material weakness, we have not completed all of the corrective processes, procedures and related evaluation or remediation that we believe are necessary. As we continue to evaluate and work to remediate the material weakness, we may take additional measures to address the material weakness.
Until the remediation steps set forth above, including the efforts to implement the necessary control activities we identify, are fully implemented and concluded to be operating effectively for a sufficient period of time, the material weakness described above will not be considered remediated.

---

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

---

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required in response to this Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required in response to this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required in response to this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required in response to this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required in response to this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PART IV

---

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
1. Financial Statements. The following consolidated financial statements and related documents are filed as part of this report:
Financial Statements
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
to
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
to
Supplementary Data to
2. Financial Statement Schedules. Schedules are omitted because they are not required or applicable, or the required information is included in the Financial Statements or related notes.
3. Exhibits. The Exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of, or furnished with, this report.
INDEX TO 10-K EXHIBITS
Exhibit
No.
Exhibit Description
2.1
*
Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Granite Construction Incorporated, Layne Christensen Company and Lowercase Merger Sub Incorporated, dated as of February 13, 2018 [Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 14, 2018]
2.2 * Purchase Agreement, dated February 2, 2022, by and among Layne Heavy Civil, Inc., Granite Construction International, Granite Construction Incorporated, Inland Pipe Rehabilitation LLC and 1000097155 Ontario Inc. [Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2022]
3.1
*
Certificate of Incorporation of Granite Construction Incorporated, as amended [Exhibit 3.1.b to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006]
3.2
*
Amended Bylaws of Granite Construction Incorporated [Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 15, 2011]
4.1
*
Indenture (including Form of Note) with respect to Granite Construction Incorporated’s 2.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024, dated November 1, 2019, by and between Granite Construction Incorporated and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee [Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2019]
4.2
*
Description of Common Stock [Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019]
10.1
***
Key Management Deferred Compensation Plan II, as amended and restated [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010]
10.2
***
Form of Amended and Restated Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement [Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002]
10.3
***
Granite Construction Incorporated Annual Incentive Plan adopted by the Board of Directors on March 30, 2022 [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2022]
10.4
***
Form of Annual Incentive Plan Participation Agreement [Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2022]
10.5
***
Granite Construction Incorporated Long Term Incentive Plan effective January 1, 2010, as amended [Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011]
10.6
***
Amendment No. 2 to the Granite Construction Incorporated Long Term Incentive Plan effective January 1, 2012 [Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011]
10.7
***
Granite Construction Incorporated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2012]
10.8
***
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement effective May 22, 2012 (2012 Equity Incentive Plan) [Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2012]
10.9
***
Granite Construction Incorporated NEO LTIP Awards Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Vesting on Date of Grant) (2012 Equity Incentive Plan) [Exhibit 10.30 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012]
10.10
***
Granite Construction Incorporated Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (3 Year Vesting Schedule) (2012 Equity Incentive Plan) [Exhibit 10.31 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012]
10.11
*
Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated June 2, 2022, by and among Granite Construction Incorporated, Granite Construction Company, GILC Incorporated, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, and the lenders and other parties thereto [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2022]
10.12
*
Fourth Amended and Restated Guaranty Agreement, dated June 2, 2022, by and among Granite Construction Incorporated, the guarantors party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent [Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2022]
10.13
*
Form of Bond Hedge Confirmation [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2019]
10.14
*
Form of Warrant Confirmation [Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2019]
10.15
***
Executive Retention and Severance Plan III and Participation Agreement [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2020]
10.16
***
Long Term Incentive Plan, effective January 1, 2020 [Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2020]
10.17
***
LTIP Award Agreement (2020 Long Term Incentive Plan) [Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2020]
10.18
***
Retirement and Transition Agreement dated October 20, 2020 by and between the Company and Mr. Roberts [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2020]
10.20
***
Granite Construction Incorporated 2021 Equity Incentive Plan [Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2021]
10.21
***
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2021 Equity Incentive Plan) [Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2021]
10.22
***
Form of Employee Service Award Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2021 Equity Incentive Plan) [Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2021]
10.23
***
Form of Employee TSR Award Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2021 Equity Incentive Plan) [Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2021]
10.24 * Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement, dated as of April 29, 2021 [Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2021]
10.25 * Notice of Pendency and Proposed Settlement of Actions [Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2022]
Exhibit No.
Exhibit Description
†
List of Subsidiaries of Granite Construction Incorporated
23.1
†
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
31.1
†
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2
†
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
††
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
†
Mine Safety Disclosure
101.INS
†
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL
†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF
†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB
†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE
†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
†
The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within the Exhibit 101 attachments).
* Incorporated by reference
** Compensatory plan or management contract
† Filed herewith
†† Furnished herewith