EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 765880
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 765880_10-K_2025_0001628280-25-003748.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. Business
General Overview
Healthpeak Properties, Inc. is a Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 company that owns, operates, and develops high-quality real estate focused on healthcare discovery and delivery in the United States (“U.S.”). Our company was originally founded in 1985. In 2023, we completed our corporate reorganization (the “Reorganization”) into an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”). We hold substantially all of our assets and conduct our operations through our operating subsidiary, Healthpeak OP, a consolidated subsidiary of which we are the managing member. We are a Maryland corporation and qualify as a self-administered REIT. We are headquartered in Denver, Colorado, with additional corporate offices in California, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Massachusetts and property management offices in several locations throughout the U.S.
We have a diversified portfolio of high-quality healthcare properties across three core asset classes of outpatient medical, lab, and continuing care retirement community (“CCRC”) real estate. Under the outpatient medical and lab segments, we own, operate, and develop outpatient medical buildings, hospitals, and lab buildings. Under the CCRC segment, our properties are operated through RIDEA structures. We have other non-reportable segments that are comprised primarily of: (i) an interest in an unconsolidated joint venture that owns 19 senior housing assets (our “SWF SH JV”) and (ii) loans receivable. These non-reportable segments have been presented on a combined basis herein.
The Merger
On March 1, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 29, 2023 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among us, DOC DR Holdco, LLC, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries (“DOC DR Holdco”), DOC DR, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Healthpeak OP (“DOC DR OP Sub”), Physicians Realty Trust, Physicians Realty L.P. (the “Physicians Partnership”): (i) Physicians Realty Trust merged with and into DOC DR Holdco (the “Company Merger”), with DOC DR Holdco surviving as our wholly owned subsidiary (the “Company Surviving Entity”); (ii) immediately following the effectiveness of the Company Merger, we contributed all of the outstanding equity interests in the Company Surviving Entity to Healthpeak OP (the “Contribution”); and (iii) immediately following the Contribution, Physicians Partnership merged with and into DOC DR OP Sub (the “Partnership Merger” and, together with the Company Merger, the “Merger”), with DOC DR OP Sub surviving as a subsidiary of Healthpeak OP. Subsequent to the Closing Date, the “Combined Company” means Healthpeak and its subsidiaries.
On the Closing Date, each outstanding common share of Physicians Realty Trust (other than Physicians Realty Trust common shares that were canceled in accordance with the Merger Agreement) were converted into the right to receive 0.674 (the “Exchange Ratio”) shares of our common stock, and each outstanding common unit of the Physicians Partnership was converted into common units in the successor entity to the Physicians Partnership equal to the Exchange Ratio.
As a result of the Merger, we acquired 299 outpatient medical buildings. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
At December 31, 2024, our portfolio of investments, including properties in certain of our unconsolidated joint ventures, consisted of interests in 697 properties: (i) Outpatient medical - 524 properties; (ii) Lab - 139 properties; (iii) CCRC - 15 properties; and (iv) Other non-reportable - 19 properties. The following table summarizes information for our reportable segments for the year ended December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Segment Adjusted NOI by Reportable Segment(1)
Outpatient medical $ 748,730
Lab 590,606
CCRC 136,104
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(1)Our Adjusted NOI for our reportable segments, which we also refer to as Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI for our reportable segments, includes results of operations from disposed properties through the disposition date. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted NOI by reportable segment to income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures. See our Segment Analysis below for additional information.
For a description of our significant activities during 2024, see “Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Company Highlights” in this report.
Business Strategy
Our strategy is to own, operate, and develop high-quality real estate focused on healthcare discovery and delivery. We manage our real estate portfolio for the long-term to maximize risk-adjusted returns and support the growth of our dividends. Our strategy consists of four core elements:
(i)Our real estate: Our portfolio consists of high-quality properties in desirable locations. Our portfolio is focused on outpatient medical and lab buildings, favorable sectors that benefit from the universal desire for improved health. We have built scale and fostered deep industry relationships, two unique factors that provide us with a competitive advantage.
(ii)Our financials: We maintain a strong investment-grade balance sheet with ample liquidity as well as long-term fixed-rate debt financing with staggered maturities to reduce our exposure to interest rate volatility and refinancing risk.
(iii)Our partnerships: We work with leading pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies, as well as healthcare delivery systems, specialty physician groups, and other healthcare service providers, to meet their real estate needs. We provide high-quality property management services to encourage tenants to renew, expand, and relocate into our properties, which drives increased occupancy, rental rates, and property values.
(iv)Our platform: We have a people-first culture that we believe attracts, develops, and retains top talent. We continually strive to create and maintain an industry-leading platform, with systems and tools that allow us to effectively and efficiently manage our assets and investment activity.
Internal Growth Strategies
We believe our real estate portfolio holds the potential for increased future cash flows as it is well-maintained and in desirable locations. Our strategy for maximizing the benefits from these opportunities is to: (i) work with new or existing tenants to address their space and capital needs and (ii) provide high-quality property management services in order to motivate tenants to renew, expand, or relocate into our properties.
We expect to continue our internal growth as a result of our ability to:
•Build and maintain long-term leasing and management relationships with quality tenants. In choosing locations for our properties, we focus on the physical environment, adjacency to established businesses (e.g., hospital systems or life science submarkets) and educational centers, proximity to sources of business growth, and other local demographic factors.
•Replace tenants at the best available market terms and lowest possible transaction costs. We believe we are well-positioned to attract new tenants and achieve attractive rental rates and operating cash flow as a result of the location, design, and maintenance of our properties, together with our reputation for high-quality building services, responsiveness to tenants, and our ability to offer space alternatives within our portfolio.
•Extend and modify terms of existing leases prior to expiration. We selectively structure lease extensions, early renewals, or modifications, which reduce the cost associated with lease downtime, while securing the tenancy and relationship of our high-quality tenants on a long-term basis.
Investment Strategies
The discovery and delivery of healthcare services requires real estate and, as a result, tenants depend on our real estate, in part, to maintain and grow their businesses. We believe the healthcare real estate market provides investment opportunities due to the: (i) compelling long-term demographics driving the demand for healthcare services; (ii) specialized nature of healthcare real estate investing; and (iii) ongoing consolidation of the fragmented healthcare real estate sector.
While we emphasize healthcare real estate ownership, we may also provide real estate secured financing to, or invest in equity or debt securities of, healthcare operators or other entities engaged in healthcare real estate ownership. We may also acquire all or substantially all of the securities or assets of other REITs, operating companies, or similar entities where such investments would be consistent with our investment strategies. We may co-invest alongside institutional or development investors through partnerships or limited liability companies.
We monitor our investments based on the percentage of our total assets that may be invested in any one property type, investment vehicle, or geographic location, the number of properties that may be leased to a single tenant or operator, or loans that may be made to a single borrower. In allocating capital, we target opportunities with the most attractive risk/reward profile for our portfolio as a whole. We may take additional measures to mitigate risk, including diversifying our investments (by sector, geography, and tenant), structuring transactions as master leases, requiring tenant or operator insurance and indemnifications, and/or obtaining credit enhancements in the form of guarantees, letters of credit, or security deposits.
We believe we are well-positioned to achieve external growth through acquisitions, development, and redevelopment. Other factors that contribute to our competitive position include:
•our reputation gained through decades of successful operations and the strength of our existing portfolio of properties;
•our relationships with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology tenants, healthcare operators and systems, investment banks and other market intermediaries, corporations, private equity firms, not-for-profit organizations, and companies seeking to monetize existing assets or develop new facilities;
•our relationships with institutional buyers and sellers of high-quality healthcare real estate;
•our track record and reputation for executing acquisitions responsively and efficiently, which provides confidence to domestic and foreign institutions and private investors who seek to sell healthcare real estate in our market areas;
•our relationships with nationally recognized financial institutions that provide capital to the healthcare and real estate industries; and
•our control of land sites held for future development.
Financing Strategies
Our REIT qualification requires us to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gains); therefore, we do not retain a significant amount of earnings. As a result, we regularly access the public equity and debt markets to raise the funds necessary to finance acquisitions and debt investments, develop and redevelop properties, and refinance maturing debt.
We may finance acquisitions and other investments in a variety of ways, including:
•cash flow from operations;
•sale or exchange of ownership interests in properties or other investments;
•borrowings under our credit facility or commercial paper program;
•issuance of additional debt, including unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt; and/or
•issuance of common stock or preferred stock or its equivalent.
We maintain a disciplined investment-grade balance sheet by actively managing our debt to equity levels and maintaining access to multiple sources of liquidity. Our debt obligations are primarily long-term fixed rate with staggered maturities.
We finance our investments based on our evaluation of available sources of funding. For short-term purposes, we may utilize our revolving line of credit facility or commercial paper program, arrange for other short-term borrowings from banks or other sources, or issue equity securities pursuant to our at-the-market equity offering program. We arrange for longer-term financing by offering debt and equity, placing mortgage debt, and obtaining capital from institutional lenders and joint venture partners.
In addition, capital recycling through dispositions and redeployment through acquisitions, developments, and redevelopments is an important facet of our investment and financing strategies. We routinely have multiple transactions involving both individual properties and portfolios under consideration that are in varying stages of evaluation, underwriting, negotiation, and due diligence review, some of which, if consummated or completed, may have a material effect on our liquidity, results of operations, and financial condition.
Segments
Outpatient Medical
Our outpatient medical segment includes outpatient medical buildings and hospitals. Outpatient medical buildings typically contain physicians’ offices and examination rooms, and may also include pharmacies, hospital ancillary service space, and outpatient services such as diagnostic centers, rehabilitation clinics, and day-surgery operating rooms. While these facilities have certain similarities to commercial office buildings, they require additional plumbing, electrical, and mechanical systems to accommodate multiple exam rooms that may require sinks in every room and specialized equipment such as x-ray machines and MRIs. Outpatient medical buildings are often built to accommodate higher structural loads for such specialized equipment and may contain vaults or other unique construction. Our outpatient medical buildings are typically multi-tenant properties leased to healthcare providers (hospitals and physician practices), with approximately 78% of our outpatient medical buildings located on or adjacent to hospital campuses and 96% affiliated with hospital systems as of December 31, 2024 (based on total square feet). Occasionally, we invest in outpatient medical buildings located on hospital campuses subject to ground leases. At December 31, 2024, approximately 76% of our outpatient medical buildings were triple-net leased (based on leased square feet) with the remaining leased under gross or modified gross leases.
The following table provides information about our most significant outpatient medical tenant concentration for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Tenant Percentage of
Segment Revenues Percentage of
Total Revenues
HCA Healthcare, Inc. (HCA) 15 % 7 %
CommonSpirit Health 6 % 3 %
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we had various other outpatient medical tenants that each represented 1% or less of total revenues.
Our outpatient medical segment also includes nine hospitals. Services provided by our tenants and operators in hospitals are paid for by private sources, third-party payors (e.g., insurance and HMOs), or through Medicare and Medicaid programs. Our hospital property types include acute care, long-term acute care, and specialty and rehabilitation hospitals. All of our hospitals are triple-net leased.
Lab
Our lab properties, which contain laboratory and office space, are leased primarily to biotechnology, medical device and pharmaceutical companies, scientific research institutions, government agencies, and other organizations involved in the life science industry. While these properties have certain characteristics similar to commercial office buildings, they generally accommodate heavier floor loads and contain more advanced electrical, mechanical, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems. The facilities generally have specialty equipment including emergency generators, fume hoods, lab bench tops, and related amenities. In addition to improvements funded by us as the landlord, many of our lab tenants make significant investments to improve their leased space to accommodate biology, chemistry, or medical device research initiatives.
Lab properties are primarily configured in business park or campus settings and include multiple buildings. The business park and campus settings allow us the opportunity to provide flexible, contiguous/adjacent expansion to accommodate the growth of existing tenants. Our properties are located in well-established geographical markets known for scientific research and drug discovery, including San Francisco (53%) and San Diego (17%), California, and Boston, Massachusetts (28%) (based on total square feet). At December 31, 2024, 88% of our lab properties were triple-net leased (based on leased square feet).
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we had various lab tenants that each represented 1% or less of total revenues.
Continuing care retirement community, or CCRC
CCRCs are retirement communities that include independent living, assisted living, memory care, and skilled nursing units to provide a continuum of care in an integrated campus. Our CCRCs are owned through RIDEA structures, which is permitted by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, and includes most of the provisions previously proposed in the REIT Investment Diversification and Empowerment Act of 2007. The services provided by our third-party manager-operators under a RIDEA structure at our properties are primarily paid for by the residents directly or through private insurance and are less reliant on government reimbursement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.
A RIDEA structure allows us, through a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), to receive cash flow from the operations of a healthcare facility in compliance with REIT tax requirements. The criteria for operating a healthcare facility through a RIDEA structure require us to lease the facility to an affiliate TRS and for such affiliate TRS to engage an independent qualifying management company (also known as an eligible independent contractor or third-party operator) to manage and operate the day-to-day business of the facility in exchange for a management fee. As a result, under a RIDEA structure, we are required to rely on a third-party operator to hire and train all facility employees, enter into third-party contracts for the benefit of the facility, including resident/patient agreements, comply with laws, including healthcare laws, and provide resident care. We are substantially limited in our ability to control or influence day-to-day operations under a RIDEA structure, and thus rely on the third-party operator to manage and operate the business.
Through our TRS entities, we bear all operational risks and liabilities associated with the operation of these properties, with limited exceptions, such as a third-party operator’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. These operational risks and liabilities include those relating to any employment matters of our operator, compliance with healthcare and other laws, liabilities relating to personal injury-tort matters, resident-patient quality of care claims, and any governmental reimbursement matters, even though we have limited ability to control or influence our third-party operators’ management of these risks.
The management agreements we have in RIDEA structures related to CCRCs have original terms ranging from 10 to 15 years, with mutual renewal options. There are base management fees and incentive management fees payable to our third-party operators if operating results of the RIDEA properties exceed pre-established thresholds. Conversely, there are also provisions in the management agreements that reduce management fees payable to our third-party operators if operating results do not meet certain pre-established thresholds.
CCRCs are different from other housing and care options for seniors because they typically provide written agreements or long-term contracts between residents and the communities (frequently lasting the term of the resident’s lifetime), which offer a continuum of housing, services, and healthcare on one campus or site. CCRCs are appealing as they allow residents to “age in place” and typically the individual is independent and in relatively good health upon entry.
As third-party operators manage our RIDEA properties in exchange for the receipt of a management fee, we are not directly exposed to the credit risk of these operators in the same manner or to the same extent as a triple-net tenant.
Other non-reportable segment
At December 31, 2024, we had the following investments in our other non-reportable segments: (i) our unconsolidated joint venture with a sovereign wealth fund that owns 19 senior housing assets (which we refer to as our SWF SH JV) and (ii) loans receivable.
The properties in our SWF SH JV are owned through RIDEA structures and include independent living facilities and assisted living facilities, which cater to different segments of the elderly population based upon their personal needs. These facilities are often in apartment-like buildings with private residences ranging from single rooms to large apartments.
Competition
Investing in real estate serving the healthcare industry is highly competitive. We face competition from other REITs, investment companies, pension funds, private equity investors, sovereign funds, healthcare operators, lenders, developers, and other institutional investors, some of whom may have greater flexibility (e.g., non-REIT competitors), greater resources, and lower costs of capital than we do. Increased competition and resulting capitalization rate compression, as well as the impacts of inflation and higher interest rates, make it more challenging for us to identify and successfully capitalize on opportunities that meet our objectives. Our ability to compete may also be impacted by global, national, and local economic trends, availability of investment alternatives, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, existing laws and regulations, new legislation, and population trends.
Income from our investments depends on our tenants’ and operators’ ability to compete with other companies on multiple levels, including: (i) the quality of care provided, (ii) reputation, (iii) success of product or drug development, (iv) price, (v) the range of services offered, (vi) the physical appearance of a property, (vii) alternatives for healthcare delivery, (viii) the supply of competing properties, (ix) physicians, (x) staff, (xi) referral sources, (xii) location, (xiii) the size and demographics of the population in surrounding areas, and (xiv) the financial condition of our tenants and operators. For a discussion of the risks associated with competitive conditions affecting our business, see “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this report.
Government Regulation, Licensing, and Enforcement
Overview
Our healthcare facility operators (which include our TRS entities when we use a RIDEA structure) and tenants are subject to extensive and complex federal, state, and local healthcare laws and regulations relating to quality of care, licensure and certificate of need, resident rights (including abuse and neglect), consumer protection, government reimbursement, fraud and abuse practices, and similar laws governing the operation of healthcare facilities. We expect the healthcare industry, in general, will continue to face increased regulation and pressure in the areas of fraud, waste and abuse, cost control, healthcare management, and provision of services, among others. Federal, state, and local officials are increasingly focusing their efforts on enforcement of these laws and regulations. In addition, our operators are subject to a variety of laws, regulations, and executive orders, including those relating to operators’ response to Covid and other infectious diseases, which can vary based on the provider type and jurisdiction, complicating compliance efforts. These regulations are wide ranging and can subject our tenants and operators to civil, criminal, and administrative sanctions, including enhanced or additional penalties, sanctions, and other adverse actions that may arise under new regulations adopted in response to Covid. Affected tenants and operators may find it increasingly difficult to comply with this complex and evolving regulatory environment because of a relative lack of guidance in many areas as certain of our healthcare properties are subject to oversight from several government agencies, and the laws may vary from one jurisdiction to another. Changes in laws, regulations, reimbursement enforcement activity, and regulatory non-compliance by our tenants and operators can all have a significant effect on their operations and financial condition, which in turn may adversely impact us, as detailed below and set forth under “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this report.
The following is a discussion of certain laws and regulations generally applicable to our operators, and in certain cases, to us.
Fraud and Abuse Enforcement
There are various extremely complex U.S. federal and state laws and regulations governing healthcare providers’ referrals, relationships and arrangements and prohibiting fraudulent and abusive practices by such providers. These laws include: (i) U.S. federal and state false claims acts, which, among other things, prohibit providers from filing false claims or making false statements to receive payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other U.S. federal or state healthcare programs; (ii) U.S. federal and state anti-kickback and fee-splitting statutes, including the Medicare and Medicaid anti-kickback statute, which prohibit or restrict the payment or receipt of remuneration to induce referrals or recommendations of healthcare items or services; (iii) U.S. federal and state physician self-referral laws (commonly referred to as the “Stark Law”), which, subject to certain exceptions, generally prohibit referrals of specifically designated health services by physicians to entities with which the physician or an immediate family member has a financial relationship; and (iv) the federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law, which prohibits, among other things, the knowing presentation of a false or fraudulent claim for certain healthcare services and which authorizes the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to impose monetary penalties for certain fraudulent acts. Violations of U.S. healthcare fraud and abuse laws carry civil, criminal, and administrative sanctions, including punitive sanctions, monetary penalties, imprisonment, denial of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement, payment suspensions, and potential exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid, or other federal or state healthcare programs. These laws are enforced by a variety of federal, state, and local agencies and in the U.S. can also be enforced by private litigants through, among other things, federal and state false claims acts, which allow private litigants to bring qui tam or “whistleblower” actions, in which individuals have tremendous financial gain in bringing a whistleblower claim as federal and state false claim acts provide that individuals receive between 15% and 30% of the money recouped. Additionally, violations of false claims acts can result in treble damages. Our tenants and operators that participate in government reimbursement programs are subject to these laws and may become the subject of governmental enforcement actions or whistleblower actions if they fail to comply with applicable laws. Additionally, the licensed operators of our U.S. long-term care facilities that participate in government reimbursement programs are required to have compliance and ethics programs that meet the requirements of federal laws and regulations relating to the Social Security Act. Where we have used a RIDEA structure, we are dependent on management companies to fulfill our compliance obligations, and we have developed a program to periodically monitor compliance with such obligations. Investigation by a federal or state governmental body for violation of fraud and abuse laws or imposition of any of these penalties upon one of our operators could jeopardize that operator’s business, reputation, and ability to operate.
Laws and Regulations Governing Privacy and Security
There are various U.S. federal and state privacy laws and regulations, including the privacy and security rules contained in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (commonly referred to as “HIPAA”), that provide for the privacy and security of personal health information. An increasing focus of the U. S. Federal Trade Commission’s (“FTC’s”) consumer protection regulation is the impact of technological change on protection of consumer privacy. The FTC, as well as state attorneys general, have taken enforcement action against companies that do not abide by their representations to consumers regarding electronic security and privacy. To the extent we or our affiliated operating entities are a covered entity or business associate under HIPAA and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the “HITECH Act”), compliance with those requirements require us to, among other things, conduct a risk analysis, implement a risk management plan, implement policies and procedures, and conduct employee training. In most cases, we are dependent on our tenants and management companies to fulfill our compliance obligations, and we have developed a program to periodically monitor compliance with such obligations. Because of the far reaching nature of these laws, there can be no assurance we would not be required to alter one or more of our systems and data security procedures to be in compliance with these laws. Our failure to protect health information could subject us to civil or criminal liability and adverse publicity, and could harm our business and impair our ability to attract new customers and residents. We may be required to notify individuals, as well as government agencies and the media, if we experience a data breach.
Further, as reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to those systems. Parties that provide us with services essential to our operations must continuously monitor and develop their networks and information technology to prevent, detect, address, and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, and social engineering, such as phishing. Our tenants and management companies are continuously working, including with the aid of third-party service providers, to install new, and to upgrade existing, network and information technology systems, to create processes for risk assessment, testing, prioritization, remediation, risk acceptance, and reporting, and to provide awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks to ensure that our partners that provide us with services essential to our operations are protected against cyber risks and security breaches and that we are also therefore so protected. However, these upgrades, processes, new technology, and training may not be sufficient to protect us from all risks. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems, and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques and technologies used in attempted attacks and intrusions evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target. In some cases, attempted attacks and intrusions are designed not to be detected and, in fact, may not be detected.
Reimbursement
Sources of revenue for some of our tenants and operators include, among others, governmental healthcare programs, such as the federal Medicare programs and state Medicaid programs, and non-governmental third-party payors, such as insurance carriers and HMOs. Our tenants and operators who participate in governmental healthcare programs are subject to government reviews, audits, and investigations to verify compliance with these programs and applicable laws and regulations. As federal and state governments focus on healthcare reform initiatives, and as the federal government and many states face significant current and future budget deficits, efforts to reduce costs by these payors will likely continue, which may result in reduced or slower growth in reimbursement for certain services provided by some of our tenants and operators. Governmental healthcare programs are highly regulated and are subject to frequent and substantial legislative, regulatory, and interpretive changes, which could adversely affect reimbursement rates and the method and timing of payment under these programs. Additionally, new and evolving payor and provider programs in the U.S., including Medicare Advantage, Dual Eligible, Accountable Care Organizations, Post-Acute Care Payment Models, SNF Value-Based Purchasing Programs, and Bundled Payments could adversely impact our tenants’ and operators’ liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.
Effective January 16, 2024, Medicare and Medicaid nursing facilities are required to disclose new data about the facility’s ownership, management, and the owners of real property lessors upon initial enrollment and revalidation. In addition, the nursing facilities are required to timely report any changes, including in connection with any change of ownership. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) defines the new disclosable parties to include members of the facility’s governing body, persons, or entities who are an officer, director, member, partner, trustee, or managing employee of the facility, persons, or entities that exercise operational, financial, or managerial control, lease or sublease real property to the facility, own a direct or indirect interest of five percent or greater of the real property, or provide management or administrative services to the facility. Additionally, facilities are required to disclose whether any entity on the enrollment form is a private equity company or REIT. CMS makes the information publicly available. This new disclosure requirement involves reporting extensive information and may complicate our healthcare facility operators’ efforts to comply with Medicare and Medicaid requirements. Failure to comply with the new disclosure requirements could negatively affect our healthcare facility operators’ participation in Medicare and state Medicaid programs.
Healthcare Licensure and Certificate of Need
Certain healthcare facilities in our portfolio are subject to extensive national, federal, state, and local licensure, certification, and inspection laws and regulations. A healthcare facility’s failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in a revocation, suspension, restriction, or non-renewal of the facility’s license and loss of a certificate of need, which could adversely affect the facility’s operations and ability to bill for items and services provided at the facility. In addition, various licenses and permits are required to handle controlled substances (including narcotics), operate pharmacies, handle radioactive materials, and operate equipment. Many states in the U.S. require certain healthcare providers to obtain a certificate of need, which requires prior approval for the construction, expansion, or closure of certain healthcare facilities. The approval process related to state certificate of need laws may impact the ability of some of our tenants and operators to expand or change their businesses. Changes in these laws and regulations could negatively affect the ability of our tenants to make lease payments to us.
In some states, healthcare facilities are subject to various state certificate of need (“CON”) laws requiring governmental approval prior to the development or expansion of healthcare facilities and services. State CON laws often materially impact the ability of competitors to enter into the marketplace of our facilities and the repeal of CON laws could allow competitors to freely operate in previously closed markets.
Product Approvals
While our lab tenants include some well-established companies, other tenants are less established and, in some cases, may not yet have a product approved by the Food and Drug Administration, or other regulatory authorities, for commercial sale. Creating a new pharmaceutical product or medical device requires substantial investments of time and capital, in part because of the extensive regulation of the healthcare industry. It also entails considerable risk of failure in demonstrating that the product is safe and effective and in gaining regulatory approval and market acceptance.
Entrance Fee Communities
Our CCRCs are operated as entrance fee communities. Generally, an entrance fee is an upfront fee or consideration paid by a resident, a portion of which may be refundable, in exchange for some form of long-term benefit, typically consisting of a right to receive certain personal or health care services. In certain states (including the ones in which we operate) entrance fee communities are subject to significant state regulatory oversight, including, for example, oversight of each facility’s financial condition, establishment and monitoring of reserve requirements and other financial restrictions, the right of residents to cancel their contracts within a specified period of time, the right of residents to receive a refund of their entrance fees, lien rights in favor of the residents, restrictions on change of ownership, and similar matters.
Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”)
Our properties must comply with the ADA and any similar state or local laws to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined in those statutes. The ADA may require removal of barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. To date, we have not received any notices of noncompliance with the ADA that have caused us to incur substantial capital expenditures to address ADA concerns. Should barriers to access by persons with disabilities be discovered at any of our properties, we may be directly or indirectly responsible for additional costs that may be required to make facilities ADA-compliant. Noncompliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations pursuant to the ADA is an ongoing one, and we continue to assess our properties and make modifications as appropriate in this respect.
Environmental Matters
A wide variety of federal, state, and local environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations affect healthcare facility operations. These complex federal and state statutes, and their enforcement, involve a myriad of regulations, many of which involve strict liability on the part of the potential offender. Some of these federal and state statutes may directly impact us. Under various federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances, and regulations, an owner of real property or a secured lender, such as us, may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances at, under or disposed of in connection with such property, as well as other potential costs relating to hazardous or toxic substances (including government fines and damages for injuries to persons and adjacent property). The cost of any required remediation, removal, fines, personal or property damages, and any related liability therefore could exceed or impair the value of the property and/or the assets. In addition, the presence of such substances, or the failure to properly dispose of or remediate such substances, may adversely affect the value of such property and the owner’s ability to sell or rent such property or to borrow using such property as collateral, which, in turn, could reduce our earnings. For a description of the risks associated with environmental matters, see “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this report.
Insurance
We obtain various types of insurance to mitigate the impact of property, business interruption, liability, flood, windstorm, earthquake, fire, environmental, and terrorism-related losses. We attempt to obtain appropriate policy terms, conditions, limits, and deductibles considering the relative risk of loss, the cost of such coverage, and current industry practice. There are, however, certain types of extraordinary losses, such as those due to acts of war or other events, that may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable. In addition, we have a large number of properties that are exposed to earthquake, flood, and windstorm occurrences, which carry higher deductibles.
We maintain property insurance for all of our properties. Tenants under triple-net leases are required to provide primary property, business interruption, and liability insurance. We maintain separate general and professional liability insurance for our CCRCs and the senior housing facilities owned by our SWF SH JV. Additionally, our corporate general liability insurance program also extends coverage for all of our properties beyond the aforementioned. We periodically review whether we or our RIDEA operators will bear responsibility for maintaining the required insurance coverage for the applicable CCRCs and senior housing facilities owned by our SWF SH JV, but the costs of such insurance are facility expenses paid from the revenues of those properties, regardless of who maintains the insurance.
We also maintain directors and officers liability insurance, which provides protection for claims against our directors and officers arising from their responsibilities as directors and officers. Such insurance also extends to us in certain situations.
Sustainability and Corporate Impact
We believe that corporate impact initiatives are a vital part of corporate responsibility, which supports our primary goal of increasing stockholder value through profitable growth. We continue to advance our commitment to sustainability, with a focus on achieving goals in each of the corporate impact dimensions. Our Board of Directors oversees corporate impact matters, with the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee overseeing sustainability and corporate governance matters, the Audit Committee overseeing risk management, and the Compensation and Human Capital Committee overseeing human capital management. We use an integrated approach to corporate impact throughout our business to identify risks and opportunities, capture efficiencies and cost savings, and report on the issues most relevant to stakeholders.
Environment: Our environmental management programs strive to make our buildings more sustainable and capture cost efficiencies that ultimately benefit our investors, employees, tenants, business partners, and other stakeholders, while reducing our carbon footprint and providing a positive impact on the communities in which we operate. We regularly assess the risks and financial impacts to our business posed by climate change, including transition risks, physical climate risks, potential business disruption, and regulatory requirements, and work with our property managers, operators, and tenants to implement projects to mitigate these risks and impacts. For a description of the risks associated with climate risk matters, see “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this report.
Social: See “-Human Capital Matters” below.
Governance: Our transparent corporate governance initiatives incorporate sustainability as a critical component in achieving our business objectives and properly managing risks.
Our recent corporate impact highlights include:
•Reported a reduction of 2.1% in Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions (“GHG”) in 2023 compared to 2022 on a like-for-like comparative basis (as defined below)
•Obtained 6 new LEED certifications, 19 new ENERGY STAR certifications, and 150 ENERGY STAR recertifications in 2024
•Named an ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year for Sustained Excellence in 2024, marking our fourth time receiving the Partner of the Year award and first time being recognized for Sustained Excellence
•Received a Green Star rating from the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (“GRESB”) for the thirteenth consecutive year, recognizing leading sustainability performance in our sector
•Named to Newsweek’s America’s Most Responsible Companies list for the sixth consecutive year
•Named a constituent in the FTSE4Good Index for the thirteenth consecutive year
•Named a constituent in the S&P Global Dow Jones Sustainability World Index for the fifth time and S&P Global North America Dow Jones Sustainability Index for the twelfth consecutive year
•Named to the S&P Global Sustainability Yearbook for the ninth consecutive year
Under our “like-for-like” methodology, direct and indirect GHG emissions are compared on a year-over-year rolling basis using Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions for the properties that we have owned for two full consecutive calendar years, excluding non-stabilized developments and redevelopments in each year of the calculation. Base data utilized in the calculation of Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions is obtained from third-party invoices or estimates.
For additional information regarding our corporate impact initiatives, methodologies, and approach to climate change, please visit our website at www.healthpeak.com/corporate-impact.
Human Capital Matters
Our employees represent our greatest asset, and as of December 31, 2024, we had 387 full-time employees. Our Board of Directors, through its Compensation and Human Capital Committee, retains oversight of human capital management, including corporate culture, diversity, inclusion, talent acquisition, retention, employee satisfaction, engagement, and succession planning. We report on human capital matters at each regularly scheduled Board of Directors meeting and periodically throughout the year. The most significant human capital measures or objectives that we focus on in managing our business and our related human capital initiatives include the following:
•Workforce Diversity: We believe we are a stronger organization when our workforce represents a diversity of ideas and experiences. We value and embrace such diversity in our employee recruiting, hiring, and development practices. Our workforce was made up of 59% female employees and 35% racially or ethnically diverse employees as of December 31, 2024.
•Inclusion and Belonging: We promote a work environment that emphasizes respect, fairness, inclusion, and dignity. We are committed to providing equal opportunity and fair treatment to all individuals based on merit, without discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, citizenship, marital status, gender (including pregnancy), gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, age, disability, veteran status, or other characteristics protected by law. We do not tolerate discrimination or harassment. All employees are required to attend a biennial training on unconscious bias.
•Engagement: High employee engagement and satisfaction are both critical to attracting and retaining top talent and benefit our business in many ways. We conduct a regular employee engagement survey through an independent third party, measuring our progress on important employee issues and identifying opportunities for growth and improvement.
•Training and Development: We conduct at least annual employee training on our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as well as annual training on harassment prevention or unconscious bias. We also provide training and development to all employees, focusing on career development, professional development, and REIT essentials.
•Compensation and Benefits: We aim to ensure merit-based, equitable compensation practices to attract, retain, and recognize talent. We provide competitive compensation and benefit packages to our employees.
•Health, Safety, and Wellness: The health, safety, and wellness of our employees are vital to our success. We are committed to protecting the well-being and safety of employees through special training and other measures. We maintain a hybrid work model, which we believe maximizes company-wide productivity, and provide employees with resources, including virtual tools and ergonomic equipment, to maximize work-from-home efficiency.
•Community Partnership: Our Social Responsibility Committee is responsible for oversight of our charitable and volunteer activities. We partner with organizations that share our desire to support research, education, and other activities related to healthcare.
For additional information on human capital matters, please see our most recent proxy statement or corporate impact report, each of which is available on our website at www.healthpeak.com.
Available Information
Our website address is www.healthpeak.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Additionally, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including us, at www.sec.gov. References to our website throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K are provided for convenience only and the content on our website does not constitute a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
The section below discusses the risk factors that may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business.
As set forth below, we believe that the risks we face generally fall into the following categories:
•risks related to our business and operations;
•risks related to our capital structure and market conditions;
•risks related to the regulatory environment;
•risks relating to integration and property management internalization following our Merger with Physicians Realty Trust;
•risks related to tax, including REIT-related risks, and related to our jurisdiction of incorporation and our structure as an UPREIT.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
We may be negatively impacted by macroeconomic trends that may increase construction, labor, and other operating costs for us and our tenants, operators, and borrowers.
In recent periods, many of our costs, including labor costs, construction costs, utilities, and other operating and administrative costs, have been adversely affected by macroeconomic trends, including inflation, price volatility, declines in economic growth rates, and changes in unemployment. These macroeconomic trends have been exacerbated by higher interest rates, supply chain disruptions, geopolitical conflicts, federal government deficits, responses to the Covid pandemic, and other international and domestic events impacting the macroeconomic environment. If any of these adverse macroeconomic trends continue or recur in the future, our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted.
Interest rates rose substantially in 2022 and 2023. U.S. government policies implemented to address inflation, including actions by the Federal Reserve System’s Federal Open Market Committee (the “FOMC”) to increase short-term interest rates, resulted in increases in interest rates in the credit markets and other impacts on the macroeconomic environment. Interest rates may continue to remain elevated above historical levels for the foreseeable future or rise again. The FOMC may maintain a higher federal funds rate for a longer period of time, or may determine to raise the federal funds rate again, either of which would likely lead to higher short-term interest rates and the possibility of lower asset values, slowing economic growth and increasing the possibility of a recession. Historically higher interest rates have caused, and may in the future cause, unfavorable financing terms and increased interest costs for variable rate debt and new debt. Further, actions by the FOMC to decrease short-term interest rates could lead to inflationary pressures. We may not be able to offset additional costs caused by inflation, higher interest rates, or other macroeconomic trends by passing them through, or increasing the rates we charge, to tenants and residents. These increased costs may hinder our ability to execute on accretive acquisitions or otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Increased interest rates could also negatively impact consumer spending and our tenants’, operators’, and borrowers’ businesses and future demand for our properties.
Furthermore, rising labor costs and personnel shortages may adversely impact us or our tenants, operators, and borrowers. Competitive pressures may require that we or our tenants, operators, or borrowers enhance pay and benefits packages to compete effectively for such personnel. To the extent we or our tenants, operators, or borrowers cannot hire a sufficient number of qualified personnel, we or they may need to utilize high-cost alternatives to meet labor needs, including contract and overtime labor, or our business may operate below capacity, which may affect our ability to effectively manage risk and pursue potential revenue and growth opportunities.
Additionally, changing technologies, political and regulatory conditions, and cultural trends could negatively impact future demand for our properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Life science industry changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
If economic, financial, regulatory, or industry conditions adversely affect the life science industry, we may be unable to lease or re-lease our lab properties in a timely manner or at profitable rates or with favorable terms. In addition, because lab property infrastructure improvements are typically significantly more costly than improvements to other property types due to their highly specialized nature, and lab tenants typically require greater lease square footage relative to outpatient medical tenants, repositioning efforts would have a disproportionate adverse effect on our lab segment performance. Further, our lab investments could face decreased demand from biotech and life science companies relative to supply, and life science industry consolidation could reduce the rentable square footage requirements of our client tenants and prospective client tenants, which may adversely impact our revenues from lease payments. Finally, our lab investments could also be adversely affected if the life science industry migrates from the U.S. to other countries or to areas outside of our primary lab markets in the greater South San Francisco, San Diego, and Boston areas.
Our lab tenants face significant regulation, funding requirements, and uncertainty.
Our lab tenants face substantial requirements for, and risks related to, the research, development, clinical testing, manufacture, and commercialization of their products and technologies, including:
•significant funding requirements, including for rent payments due to us;
•federal, state, and foreign regulatory approvals that may be costly or difficult to obtain, may take several years and be subject to delay, may not be obtained at all, require validation through clinical trials that may face delays or difficulties, or ultimately be unsuccessful;
•product and technology efficacy risks;
•acceptance risks among doctors and patients;
•significant regulatory and liability risks, including the possible later discovery of safety concerns and other defects and potential loss of approvals, competition from new products, and the expiration of patent protection;
•new and emerging laws aimed at the life science/biotechnology industry, increasing regulatory requirements and compliance costs, as well as healthcare reforms and reimbursement policies of government or private healthcare payors, including price controls for prescription drug prices;
•intellectual property and technology risks under patent, copyright, and trade secret laws; and
•economic conditions potentially restricting growth opportunities.
Our lab tenants’ ability to raise capital depends on the actual or perceived viability of their products and technologies, their financial and operating condition and outlook, and the overall financial, banking, and economic environment. If venture capital firms, private investors, the public markets, companies in the life science industry, the government, or other sources of funding are difficult to obtain or unavailable to support our tenants’ activities, including as a result of general economic conditions or adverse market conditions that negatively impact our tenants’ ability to raise capital, our tenants’ business would be adversely affected or could fail. If our lab tenants’ businesses are adversely affected, they may fail to make their rent payments to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Decreases in our tenants’, operators’, or borrowers’ revenues, or increases in their expenses, or other factors adversely affecting their ability to borrow money, could affect their ability to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us.
Occupancy levels at, and rental income from, our outpatient medical and senior housing properties depend on our ability and the ability of our tenants, operators, and borrowers to compete with respect to (i) the quality of care provided, (ii) reputation, (iii) price, (iv) the range of services offered, (v) the physical appearance of a property, (vi) family preference, (vii) referral sources, and (viii) location.
In addition, our outpatient medical and senior housing tenants, operators, and borrowers compete with certain companies that have superior resources and attributes and/or provide similar healthcare services or alternatives such as home health agencies, telemedicine, life care at home, community-based service programs, retirement communities, and convalescent centers. There have been, and there are expected to continue to be, advances and changes in technology, payment models, healthcare delivery models, regulation, and consumer behavior, preferences, and perception that could reduce demand for on-site activities provided at our properties. If our tenants, operators, or borrowers are unable to adapt to long-term changes in demand, their financial condition could be materially impacted and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Furthermore, these tenants, operators, and borrowers face a competitive labor market. A shortage of care givers or other trained personnel, union activities (including strikes, labor slowdowns, or contract negotiations), wage laws, or general inflationary pressures on wages may require our tenants, operators, and borrowers to enhance pay and benefits packages, or to use more expensive contract personnel, and they may be unable to offset these added costs by increasing the rates charged to residents or patients. An inability to attract and retain qualified personnel, including personnel possessing the expertise needed to operate in the life science, outpatient medical, and senior housing sectors, could negatively impact the ability of our tenants, operators, and borrowers to meet their obligations to us.
Our tenants, operators, and borrowers could also be adversely impacted by a bank failure or other event affecting financial institutions, including through disruptions in access to bank deposits or borrowing capacity, including access to letters of credit from certain of our tenants relating to lease obligations, and any resulting adverse effects to our tenants’, operators’, or borrowers’ liquidity or financial performance could affect their ability to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us.
Although we generally have the right under specified circumstances to terminate a lease, evict a tenant or terminate an operator, demand immediate repayment of outstanding loan amounts or other obligations to us, or draw on a letter of credit, we may be unable to enforce these rights or we may determine not to do so if we believe that doing so would be more detrimental than alternative approaches. If widespread default or nonpayment of outstanding obligations from our tenants, operators, or borrowers occurs at a time when terminating our agreements with them and replacing them would be difficult or impossible, we could elect instead to amend our agreements on materially less favorable terms to us. The failure of our tenants, operators, or borrowers to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We may be negatively impacted by the insolvency or bankruptcy of, or the inability to obtain funding by, one or more of our major tenants, operators, or borrowers.
A downturn in our tenants’, operators’, or borrowers’ businesses has led, and could in the future lead, to voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy or similar insolvency proceedings, including assignment for the benefit of creditors, liquidation, or winding-up. Bankruptcy and insolvency laws afford certain rights to a defaulting tenant, operator, or borrower that has filed for bankruptcy or reorganization that has, and in the future may, render certain of our remedies unenforceable or, at the least, delay our ability to pursue such remedies and realize any related recoveries.
A debtor has the right to assume, or to assume and assign to a third party, or to reject its executory contracts and unexpired leases in a bankruptcy proceeding. We have been subject to rejection of our leases in the past and may experience such rejection in the future. When a debtor rejects its leases with us, obligations under such rejected leases cease. The claim against the rejecting debtor for remaining rental payments due under the lease is an unsecured claim limited by the statutory cap set forth in the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. This statutory cap may be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease. In addition, a debtor may also assert in bankruptcy proceedings that certain leases should be re-characterized as financing agreements, which could result in our being deemed a lender instead of a landlord. A lender’s rights and remedies, as compared to a landlord’s, generally are materially less favorable, and our rights as a lender may be subject to lower priority for payment under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.
Furthermore, the automatic stay provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code preclude us from enforcing our remedies unless we first obtain relief from the court having jurisdiction over the bankruptcy case. This effectively limits or delays our ability to collect unpaid rent or interest payments, and we may ultimately not receive any payment at all. In addition, we have been, and may again be, required to fund certain expenses and obligations (e.g., real estate taxes, insurance, debt costs, and maintenance expenses) to preserve the value of our properties, avoid the imposition of liens on our properties, or transition our properties to a new tenant or operator.
If we are unable to transition affected properties, they would likely experience prolonged operational disruption, leading to lower occupancy rates and further depressed revenues. Publicity about the operator’s financial condition and insolvency proceeds may also negatively impact their and our reputations, decreasing customer demand and revenues. Any or all of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations, and cash flows. These risks could be magnified where we lease multiple properties to a single operator under a master lease, as an operator failure or default under a master lease would expose us to these risks across multiple properties.
We depend on real estate investments, particularly in the healthcare property sector, making us more vulnerable to a downturn or slowdown in that specific sector than if we were investing across multiple sectors.
We concentrate our investments in the healthcare property sector. A downturn or slowdown in this sector would have a greater adverse impact on our business than if we had investments across multiple sectors, and could negatively impact the ability of our tenants, operators, and borrowers to meet their obligations to us, as well as their ability to maintain historical rental and occupancy rates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, such downturns could have a material adverse effect on the value of our properties and our ability to sell properties at prices or on terms acceptable or favorable to us.
The illiquidity of our real estate investments may prevent us from timely responding to economic or investment performance changes.
Our real estate investments can be relatively illiquid due to: (i) restrictions on our ability to sell properties under applicable REIT tax laws, (ii) other tax-related considerations, (iii) regulatory hurdles, and (iv) market conditions. As a result, we may be unable to recognize full value for any property that we seek to sell. Our inability to timely respond to economic or investment performance changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Identifying and securing new or replacement tenants or operators can be time consuming and costly.
Healthcare properties can be highly customized, and the improvements generally required to conform a property to healthcare use are costly, sometimes tenant-specific, and may be subject to regulatory requirements. A new or replacement tenant or operator may require different features in a property, depending on that tenant’s or operator’s particular business. In addition, infrastructure improvements for outpatient medical and lab properties typically are significantly more expensive than improvements to other property types due to the highly specialized nature of the properties, and with respect to lab properties, the greater lease square footage often required by lab tenants. Therefore, we may incur substantial expenditures to modify a lab property and experience delays before we are able to secure a new or replacement tenant or operator or to accommodate multiple tenants or operators, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, we may fail to identify suitable replacements or enter into leases, management agreements, or other arrangements with new tenants or operators on a timely basis or on terms as favorable to us as our current leases, if at all. We also may be required to fund certain expenses and obligations, such as real estate taxes, debt costs, insurance costs, and maintenance expenses, to preserve the value of, and avoid the imposition of liens on, our properties while they are being repositioned. In addition, we may incur certain obligations and liabilities, including obligations to indemnify the replacement tenant or operator. Identifying and securing new or replacement tenants or operators can be time consuming and costly, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Property development, redevelopment, and tenant improvement risks can render a project less profitable or unprofitable and delay or prevent its undertaking or completion.
Our property development, redevelopment, and tenant improvement projects could be canceled, abandoned, delayed or, if completed, fail to perform in accordance with expectations due to, among other things:
•the inability to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, or the lack of liquidity we deem necessary or appropriate for the project;
•legal and regulatory hurdles, including moratoriums on development and redevelopment activities, net zero or carbon neutrality requirements, or other building and energy performance requirements;
•the failure to obtain, or costs associated with obtaining, necessary zoning, entitlements, and permits;
•cost increases; and
•other factors over which we have limited or no control, including: (i) changes in market and economic conditions; (ii) natural disasters and other catastrophic events or physical climate risks, such as wildfires, earthquakes, and wind storms; (iii) pandemics or other health crises; (iv) labor conditions, including a labor shortage or work stoppage; (v) shortages of construction materials; (vi) environmental conditions; or (vii) civil unrest and acts of war or terrorism.
Project costs may materially exceed original estimates due to, among other things:
•higher interest rates;
•increased costs for materials, transportation, environmental remediation, labor, or other inputs, including those caused by a shortage of construction materials or labor;
•negligent construction or construction defects;
•damage, vandalism, or accidents; and
•increased operating costs, including insurance premiums, utilities, real estate taxes, and costs of complying with changes in government regulations or increases in tariffs.
Delays in project completion also delay the commencement of related rental payments, including increases in rental payments following tenant improvement projects, and may provide tenants the right to terminate leases or cause us to incur additional costs, including through rent abatement.
Demand for a project may decrease prior to a project’s completion, and resulting lease-up rates, rental rates, lease commencement dates, and occupancy levels may fail to meet expectations. Tenants that have pre-leased at a project may file for bankruptcy or become insolvent, or elect to terminate their lease prior to delivery if they are acquired or for other reasons. Finally, a project may have defects that we do not discover through the inspection processes, including latent defects not discovered until after we put a property in service.
The foregoing risks could result in not achieving anticipated returns on investment and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The hospitals on whose campuses our outpatient medical buildings are located and their affiliated healthcare systems could fail to remain competitive or financially viable, which could adversely impact their ability to attract physicians and physician groups to our outpatient medical buildings and our other properties that serve the healthcare industry.
The viability of hospitals depends on factors such as: (i) the quality and mix of healthcare services provided, (ii) competition for patients and physicians, (iii) demographic trends in the surrounding community, (iv) market position, (v) growth potential, and (vi) changes to the reimbursement system, as well as the ability of the affiliated healthcare systems to provide economies of scale and access to capital. In addition, hospitals could be negatively affected by widespread cancellations of elective procedures due to health and safety measures or otherwise. If a hospital whose campus is located near one of our outpatient medical buildings is unable to meet its financial obligations, and if an affiliated healthcare system is unable to support that hospital or goes bankrupt, the hospital may be unable to successfully compete or could be forced to close, relocate, or be sold to another provider, which could adversely impact its ability to attract physicians and other healthcare-related users. In addition, hospitals can also be adversely affected by increasing legal and regulatory scrutiny and hurdles, including requirements for hospitals to be able to engage in certain transactions or change owners or operators, which could impact the financial viability of the hospitals. Because we rely on our proximity to, and affiliations with, these hospitals to create tenant demand for space in our outpatient medical buildings, their inability to remain competitive or financially viable, or to attract physicians and physician groups, could adversely affect our outpatient medical building operations and have a material adverse effect on us.
We may be unable to develop, maintain, or expand hospital and health system client relationships.
We invest significant time in developing, maintaining, and expanding relationships with both new and existing hospital and health system clients. If we fail to maintain these relationships, including through a lack of responsiveness, failure to adapt to the current market, or employment of individuals with inadequate experience, our reputation and relationships will be harmed and we may lose business to competitors, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We assume operational risks with respect to our senior housing properties managed in RIDEA structures that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Although the RIDEA structure gives us certain oversight approval rights (e.g., budgets and material contracts) and the right to review operational and financial reporting information, our operators are ultimately in control of the day-to-day business of the property. As a result, we have limited rights to direct or influence the business or operations of our CCRCs and in the properties owned by our SWF SH JV, all of which are under RIDEA structures, and we depend on our operators to operate these properties in a manner that complies with applicable law, minimizes legal risk, and maximizes the value of our investment.
Under a RIDEA structure, our TRS is ultimately responsible for all operational risks and other liabilities of the properties, other than those arising out of certain actions by our operator, such as gross negligence or willful misconduct. Operational risks include, and our resulting revenues therefore depend on, among other things: (i) occupancy rates; (ii) the entrance fees and rental rates charged to residents; (iii) the requirements of, or changes to, governmental reimbursement programs such as Medicare or Medicaid, to the extent applicable, including changes to reimbursement rates; (iv) our operators’ reputations and ability to attract and retain residents; (v) general economic conditions and market factors that impact seniors, including general inflationary pressures; (vi) competition from other senior housing providers; (vii) compliance with federal, state, local, and industry-regulated licensure, certification and inspection laws, regulations and standards; (viii) litigation involving our properties or residents/patients; (ix) the availability and cost of general and professional liability insurance coverage or increases in insurance policy deductibles; and (x) the ability to control operating expenses.
Operators of our CCRCs and the SWF SH JV properties primarily depend on private sources for their revenues and the ability of their patients and residents to pay fees. Costs associated with independent and assisted living services are not generally reimbursable under governmental reimbursement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Accordingly, our operators of these properties depend on attracting seniors with appropriate levels of income and assets, which may be affected by many factors, including: (i) prevailing economic and market trends, including general inflationary pressures; (ii) consumer confidence; (iii) demographics; (iv) property condition and safety; (v) public perception about such properties; (vi) social and environmental factors; and (vii) changes in consumer preferences (such as favoring home health services instead of residing in a senior housing community).
In addition, epidemics, pandemics, and severe flu seasons or any other widespread illness could result in early move-outs or delayed move-ins during quarantine periods or during periods when actual or perceived risks of such illnesses are heightened, and have reduced, and could continue to reduce, our operators’ revenues.
If our operators fail to effectively conduct operations on our behalf, or to maintain and improve our properties, it could adversely affect our business reputation as the owner of the properties, as well as the business reputation of our operators and their ability to attract and retain patients and residents in our properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our and our operators’ business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Economic conditions, natural disasters, weather, and other events or conditions that negatively affect geographic areas where we have concentrated investments could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are subject to increased exposure to adverse conditions affecting the geographies in which our properties are located, including: (i) downturns in local economies or increases in unemployment rates; (ii) changes in local real estate conditions, including increases in real estate taxes and property insurance premiums; (iii) increased competition; (iv) decreased demand; (v) changes in political administrations, or federal, state, and local legislation, including changes affecting business or property taxes; (vi) local climate events and natural disasters and other catastrophic events, such as pandemics, earthquakes, hurricanes, windstorms, flooding, wildfires, and mudslides and other physical climate risks, including water stress and heat stress; and (vii) failures of regional banks. These risks could significantly disrupt our businesses in the region, harm our ability to compete effectively, result in increased costs or construction delays, and divert management attention, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, significant climate changes in areas where we own property could result in extreme weather and changes in precipitation, temperature, and other weather patterns, all of which could result in physical damage to or a decrease in demand for properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions or delays in construction. Moreover, an increase in volatility and difficulty predicting adverse weather events, such as freeze events in warmer climates in recent years, as well as increased hurricane intensity, may result in additional losses. Intensifying natural disasters resulting from climate change and extreme weather events, coupled with macroeconomic factors, have directly affected the availability of insurance, premiums, deductibles, and capacity that insurers are willing to underwrite. As a result, we may determine to self-insure more of our exposures, absorb more below deductible losses, and look for alternative means of risk transfer in order to avoid spiraling insurance costs. These events also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the costs of energy, maintenance, and snow removal at our properties. If changes in the climate have material effects, such as property destruction, or occur for extended periods, this could have a material adverse effect on business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Uninsured or underinsured losses could result in a significant loss of capital invested in a property, lower than expected future revenues, and unanticipated expenses.
A large number of our properties are located in areas exposed to earthquakes, hurricanes, windstorms, flooding, water stress, heat stress, and other common natural disasters and physical climate risks. In particular, (i) a significant portion of our lab development projects and approximately 67% of our lab portfolio (based on gross asset value as of December 31, 2024) was concentrated in California, which is known to be subject to earthquakes, wildfires, and other natural disasters, and (ii) approximately 68% of our CCRC portfolio (based on gross asset value as of December 31, 2024) was concentrated in Florida, which is known to be subject to hurricanes. While we maintain insurance coverage for earthquakes, fires, hurricanes, windstorms, floods, and other natural disasters and physical climate risks, we may be unable to purchase the limits and terms we desire on a commercially reasonable basis due to increased insurance costs or the unavailability of insurance for certain exposures in other regions. We maintain additional earthquake insurance for our properties that are located in the vicinity of active earthquake zones in amounts and with deductibles we believe are commercially reasonable. Because of our significant concentration in the seismically active regions of South San Francisco, California, and San Diego, California, an earthquake in these areas could damage a significant portion of our lab portfolio. Similarly, a hurricane in Florida could damage a significant portion of our CCRC portfolio. As a result, aggregate deductible amounts may be material, and our insurance coverage may be materially insufficient to cover our losses. Furthermore, there are certain exposures for which we do not purchase insurance because we do not believe it is economically feasible to do so or there is no viable insurance market.
If one of our properties experiences a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy coverage limits, we could lose our investment in the damaged property as well as the anticipated future cash flows from such property. If the damaged property is subject to recourse indebtedness, we could continue to be liable for the indebtedness even if the property is irreparably damaged. In addition, even if damage to our properties is covered by insurance, a disruption of business caused by a casualty event may result in loss of revenues for us. Any business interruption insurance may not fully compensate the lender or us for such loss of revenue. Our insurance coverage does not include damages as a result of a pandemic (such as Covid), including business interruption, loss of revenue or earnings, or any related effects (e.g., increased costs related to personal protective equipment, sanitization/sterilization of surfaces and equipment, and additional staffing). Insurance coverage for pandemics is not generally available; if it does become available again, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms and we may be unable to receive insurance proceeds that would compensate us fully for our liabilities, costs, and expenses in the event of a pandemic.
Our CCRC and senior housing operators also face various forms of class-action lawsuits from time to time, such as wage and hour and consumer rights actions, which generally are not covered by insurance. These class actions could result in significant defense costs, as well as settlements or verdicts that materially decrease anticipated revenues from a property and can result in the loss of a portion or all of our invested capital. We may also incur significant out-of-pocket costs associated with legal proceedings or other claims from residents and patients at our properties. Any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, the rise in outsized jury verdicts and/or intensifying natural disasters could threaten policy limits and/or sublimits, which may result in the exhaustion of available insurance coverage for the remainder of the policy year. These events could also have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our use of joint ventures may limit our returns on and our flexibility with jointly owned investments.
From time to time, we develop, acquire, and/or recapitalize properties in joint ventures with other persons or entities when circumstances warrant the use of these structures. Our participation in joint ventures is subject to risks that may not be present with other methods of ownership, including:
•our joint venture partners could have investment and financing goals that are inconsistent with our objectives, including the timing, terms, and strategies for any investments, and what levels of debt to incur or carry;
•because we lack sole decision-making authority, we could experience impasses or disputes relating to certain decisions, including those related to budget approvals, entitlements, construction and development, acquisitions, sales of assets, debt financing, execution of lease agreements, and vendor approvals, which could result in delayed decisions and missed opportunities and could require us to expend additional resources on litigation or arbitration to resolve;
•our joint venture partners may have competing interests that create conflicts of interest in our markets;
•our ability to transfer our interest in a joint venture to a third party may be restricted;
•the market for our interest may be limited and/or valued lower than fair market value;
•our joint venture partners may be structured differently than us for tax purposes, and this could create conflicts of interest and risks to our REIT status or could restrict the ways in which we are able to exit investments;
•our joint venture partners might become insolvent, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions or fail to fulfill their obligations as a joint venture partner, which may require us to infuse our own capital into the venture on behalf of the partner despite other competing uses for such capital;
•our joint venture agreements may contain anti-competitive restrictions that impact certain of our non-joint venture assets and require us to manage the non-joint venture assets in a manner we otherwise would not;
•our joint venture agreements may in certain circumstances grant our partners a right of first refusal to acquire certain of our non-joint venture assets;
•our joint venture agreements may give our partners management rights that allow them to make operational or other decisions with which we disagree or that we would manage differently; and
•our joint venture agreements may impose limitations or caps on the property management fees that we otherwise would have been entitled to receive if the underlying property were wholly owned.
In addition, in some instances, our joint venture partner will have the right to cause us to sell our interest, or acquire their interest, at a time when we otherwise would not have initiated such a transaction. Our ability to acquire our partner’s interest will be limited if we lack sufficient capital resources. This could require us to sell our interest in the joint venture when we might otherwise prefer to retain it. Any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Rent escalators or contingent rent provisions in our leases could hinder our profitability and growth.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from leasing properties pursuant to leases that generally provide for fixed rental rates, subject to annual escalations. If inflation exceeds our annual escalations, as it often recently has, our growth and profitability may be limited.
Under certain leases, a portion of the tenant’s rental payment to us is based on the property’s revenues (i.e., contingent rent). If a tenant’s revenue at a rental property with contingent rent declines, our rental revenues would decrease.
Additionally, some of our leases provide that annual rent is modified based on changes in the Consumer Price Index or other thresholds (i.e., contingent rent escalators). If the Consumer Price Index does not increase or other applicable thresholds are not met, rental rates may not increase as anticipated or at all, which could hinder our profitability and growth. Furthermore, if economic conditions result in significant increases in the Consumer Price Index, but the escalations under our leases with contingent rent escalators are capped or the increase in the Consumer Price Index exceeds our tenants’ ability to pay, our growth and profitability also may be limited.
Competition may make it difficult to identify and purchase, or develop, suitable healthcare properties to grow our investment portfolio, to finance acquisitions on favorable terms, or to retain or attract tenants and operators.
We face significant competition from other REITs, investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, sovereign funds, healthcare operators, lenders, developers, and other institutional investors, some of whom may have greater resources and lower costs of capital than we do. Increased competition and resulting capitalization rate compression make it more challenging for us to identify and successfully capitalize on opportunities that meet our business goals and could improve the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell, thereby impeding our investment, acquisition, and development activities. Similarly, our properties face competition for tenants and operators from other properties in the same market, which may affect our ability to attract and retain tenants and operators, or may reduce the rents we are able to charge. The failure to capitalize on our development pipeline, identify and purchase a sufficient quantity of healthcare properties at favorable prices, finance acquisitions on commercially favorable terms, or attract and retain profitable tenants could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We may be unable to successfully exercise rights on the collateral securing our real estate-related loans and, even if we are successful in exercising those rights, we may be unable to successfully operate, occupy, or reposition the underlying real estate.
If a borrower defaults under one of our real estate related loans, we may look to exercise our rights under the loan, including acquiring title to the collateral via deed in lieu of foreclosure, foreclosure, statutory or judicial foreclosure, or commencing collection litigation. In some cases, because our collateral consists of the equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns the applicable real property or interests in other operating properties, we may not have full recourse with respect to assets of that entity, or that entity may have incurred unexpected liabilities, either of which would preclude us from fully recovering our investment. Borrowers and guarantors may contest enforcement of foreclosure or other remedies, seek bankruptcy protection against our exercise of enforcement or other remedies, and/or bring claims for lender liability in response to actions to enforce borrower obligations. Because many of the properties securing our mortgage loans are licensed senior housing health care facilities, we would also need to navigate and comply with various healthcare regulatory matters in a variety of states in connection with any foreclosure effort. Enforcement or collections-related costs, high loan-to-value ratios, healthcare regulatory issues or consents, or declines in the value of the property, may prevent us from realizing an amount equal to our loan balance upon enforcement or conclusion of litigation, and we may be required to record a valuation allowance for such losses. Even if we are able to successfully exercise our rights on the collateral securing our real estate-related loans, we may acquire properties for which we may be unable to expeditiously secure tenants or operators, if at all, or that are burdened with healthcare regulatory compliance issues that need to be addressed, or we may acquire equity interests that we are unable to immediately resell or otherwise liquidate due to limitations under the securities laws, either of which would adversely affect our ability to fully recover our investment. We may also determine that substantial improvements or repairs to the property are necessary in order to maximize the property’s investment potential. Alternatively, we may determine to sell a distressed loan for less than full value, in which event we may incur a loss on the investment.
We may be required to recognize reserves, allowances, credit losses, or impairment charges.
Declines in the value of our properties or other assets or loan collateral, financial deterioration of our tenants, borrowers, or other obligors, or other factors may result in the recognition of reserves, allowances, credit losses, or impairment charges. Our determination of such reserves, allowances, or credit losses relies on estimates regarding the fair value of any loan collateral, which is a complex and subjective process. In addition, we evaluate our assets for impairments based on various triggers, including market conditions, our current intentions with respect to holding or disposing of the assets and the expected future undiscounted cash flows from the assets. Impairments, reserves, allowances, and credit losses are based on estimates and assumptions that are inherently uncertain, may increase or decrease in the future, and may not represent or reflect the ultimate value of, or loss that we ultimately realize with respect to, the relevant assets. Any such impairment, reserve, allowance, or credit loss, or any change in any of the foregoing, could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
We may invest substantial resources and time in transactions that are not consummated.
We regularly review potential transactions in order to maximize stockholder value. Our review process may require significant management attention, and a potential transaction could be abandoned or rejected by us or the other parties involved after we expend significant resources and time.
We may not be able to successfully integrate or operate acquisitions and/or internalize property management, or may incur unanticipated liabilities.
Successful integration of acquired companies and/or internalization of the property management function, as applicable, depends primarily on our ability to consolidate operations, systems, procedures, properties, and personnel, and to eliminate redundancies and reduce costs. We may encounter difficulties in these integrations and property management internalizations. Potential difficulties associated with acquisitions and property management internalizations include: (i) our ability to effectively monitor and manage our expanded portfolio of properties; (ii) the loss of key employees; (iii) the disruption of our ongoing business or that of the acquired entity; (iv) possible inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, and policies; and (v) the assumption of unexpected liabilities and claims, including:
•liabilities relating to the cleanup or remediation of undisclosed environmental conditions;
•unasserted claims of vendors, residents, patients, or other persons dealing with the seller;
•liabilities, claims, and litigation, whether or not incurred in the ordinary course of business, relating to periods prior to the acquisition;
•claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers, and others indemnified by the seller;
•claims for return of government reimbursement payments; and
•liabilities for taxes relating to periods prior to the acquisition.
In addition, acquired companies and their properties may fail to perform as expected, including with respect to estimated cost savings. Inaccurate assumptions regarding future rental or occupancy rates could result in overly optimistic estimates of future revenues. Similarly, we may underestimate future operating expenses or the costs necessary to bring properties up to standards established for their intended use or for property improvements.
If we have difficulties with any of these areas, or if we later discover additional liabilities or experience unforeseen costs relating to our acquired companies or property management internalization, we may not achieve the anticipated economic benefits from our acquisitions or property management internalization, and this may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. For additional information on risks related to integration following the Merger, see “-Risks Relating to Integration following our Merger with Physicians Realty Trust” below.
We may be affected by unfavorable resolution of litigation or disputes and rising liability and insurance costs as a result thereof or other market factors.
Our tenants, operators, property managers, employees, and borrowers are from time to time parties to litigation, including, for example, disputes regarding the quality of care at healthcare properties or the operations of the properties. The effect of litigation may materially increase the costs incurred by our tenants, operators, property managers, and borrowers, including costs to monitor and report quality of care compliance. In addition, the cost of professional liability, medical malpractice, property, business interruption, general liability, and insurance policies can be significant and may increase or not be available at a reasonable cost or at all. Cost increases could cause our tenants and borrowers to be unable to make their lease or mortgage payments or fail to purchase the appropriate liability and malpractice insurance, or cause our borrowers to be unable to meet their obligations to us, potentially decreasing our revenues and increasing our collection and litigation costs. Cost increases could also lead our operators and property managers to increase the fees they charge, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Furthermore, with respect to our CCRC properties and the properties in our SWF SH JV, all of which are operated in RIDEA structures, we generally directly bear the costs of any such increases in litigation, monitoring, reporting, and insurance due to our direct exposure to the cash flows of such properties. We are responsible for these claims, litigation, and liabilities, with limited indemnification rights against our operators, which are typically based on the gross negligence or willful misconduct by the operator. Although our leases provide us with certain information rights with respect to our tenants, one or more of our tenants may be or become party to pending litigation or investigation of which we are unaware or in which we do not have a right to participate or evaluate. In such cases, we would be unable to determine the potential impact of such litigation or investigation on our tenants or our business or results. Moreover, negative publicity of any of our operators’, property managers’, or tenants’ litigation, other legal proceedings or investigations may also negatively impact their and our reputation, resulting in lower customer demand and revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We may also be named as defendants in lawsuits arising out of our alleged actions or the alleged actions of our tenants, operators, or property managers for which such tenants, operators, or property managers may have agreed to indemnify us. Unfavorable resolution of any such litigation, including an outsized jury verdict, or negative publicity as a result of such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Regardless of the outcome, litigation or other legal proceedings may result in substantial costs, disruption of our normal business operations, and the diversion of management attention. We may be unable to prevail in, or achieve a favorable settlement of, any pending or future legal action against us.
Even when a tenant or operator is obligated to indemnify us for liability incurred as a result of a lawsuit pursuant to the terms of its agreement with us, the tenant may fail to satisfy those obligations and, in such event, we would have to incur the costs that should have been covered by the tenant, operator, or property manager and to determine whether to expend additional resources to seek the contractually owed indemnity from that tenant, operator, or property manager, including potentially through litigation or arbitration. In some instances, we may decide not to enforce our indemnification rights if we believe that enforcement of such rights would be more detrimental to our business than alternative approaches. Regardless, such an event would divert management attention and may result in a disruption to our normal business operations, any or all of which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Environmental compliance costs and liabilities associated with our real estate-related investments may be substantial and may materially impair the value of those investments.
Federal, state and local laws, ordinances, and regulations may require us, as a current or previous owner of real estate, to investigate, monitor, and/or clean up certain hazardous or toxic substances released at a property. We may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for injury or property damage and for investigation and cleanup costs incurred in connection with the contamination. The costs of cleanup and remediation could be substantial. In addition, some environmental laws create a lien on the contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and the costs it incurs in connection with the contamination, and/or impose fines and penalties on the property owner with respect to such contamination.
Although we currently carry environmental insurance on our properties in an amount that we believe is commercially reasonable and generally require our tenants and operators to indemnify us for environmental liabilities they cause, such liabilities could exceed the amount of our insurance, the financial ability of the tenant or operator to indemnify us, or the value of the contaminated property. As the owner of a site, we may also be held liable to third parties for damages and injuries resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the site. We may also experience environmental costs and liabilities arising from conditions not known to us or disrupted during development. The cost of defending against these claims, complying with environmental regulatory requirements, conducting remediation of any contaminated property, or paying personal injury or other claims or fines could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, the presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may materially adversely affect our ability to use, develop, sell, or lease the property or to borrow using the property as collateral.
Corporate impact and sustainability commitments and requirements, as well as stakeholder expectations, may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks.
Investors, tenants, business partners and other stakeholders, as well as regulators and other groups, are increasingly focusing on our corporate impact and sustainability commitments and performance. Some investors may use corporate impact factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if our corporate impact commitment and performance do not satisfy their criteria. Similarly, some business partners or tenants may use corporate impact factors to guide their business decisions and choose not to do business with us if they believe our corporate impact or sustainability policies are inadequate. Third-party providers of corporate impact ratings have increased in number, resulting in varied and, in some cases, inconsistent standards. In addition, the criteria by which companies’ corporate impact and sustainability practices are assessed are evolving, which could result in greater expectations for us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. At the same time, diverging views on corporate impact may emerge from regulators and stakeholders, potentially resulting in increased scrutiny of our corporate impact practices and political or reputational risk.
We have established corporate goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, energy, water and waste in our operations, and various regions in which we own properties are establishing building performance standards. Our reputation may be adversely affected if we do not meet our announced goals or these external standards. In addition, metrics and quantitative data we disclose related to our corporate impact and sustainability commitments are based on and verified in accordance with standards that are different from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Such data and metrics may be subject to measurement uncertainties resulting from limitations inherent in the nature and the methods used for determining such data. The selection of different but acceptable measurement techniques can result in materially different measurements. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, tenants, business partners or other stakeholders, or our announced goals and other initiatives are not executed as planned or there are changes in the measurement techniques (including any changes in estimates or assumptions underlying the measurements) or in the standards referenced for the measurement of data, our reputation and financial results could be adversely affected, and our revenues, results of operations and ability to grow our business may be negatively impacted. In addition, we may incur significant costs in attempting to comply with corporate impact policies or third-party expectations or demands.
In addition, changes in federal, state, and local legislation and regulation relating to climate change, net zero or carbon neutrality requirements, and building and energy performance standards could require (i) increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency or resiliency of our existing properties and increase the costs of new developments and (ii) increased compliance costs for us and our tenants, in each case without a corresponding increase in revenue. In addition, our reputation may be adversely affected if we do not meet stakeholder expectations to mitigate climate risk in a transition to a low-carbon economy.
We may be impacted by epidemics, pandemics, or other infectious diseases, including Covid, and health and safety measures intended to reduce their spread.
Epidemics, pandemics, or other infectious diseases, including future outbreaks of Covid and its variants, as well as both future widespread and localized outbreaks of infectious diseases and other health concerns, and the health and safety measures taken to reduce the spread or lessen the impact, could cause a material disruption to our industry or deteriorate the economy as a whole. The impacts of such events could be severe and far-reaching, and may impact our operations in several ways, including: (i) tenants could experience deteriorating financial condition and be unable or unwilling to pay rent on time and in full; (ii) we may have to restructure tenants' obligations and may not be able to do so on terms that are favorable to us; (iii) inquiries and tours at our properties could decrease; (iv) move-ins, new tenanting efforts, and re-letting efforts could slow or stop altogether; (v) move-outs and potential early termination of leases thereunder could increase; (vi) operating expenses, including the costs of certain essential services or supplies, including payments to third-party contractors, service providers, and employees essential to ensure continuity in our building operations, may increase; (vii) procedures normally conducted on our properties may be disrupted, adversely affecting the economic viability of our tenants; and (viii) costs of development, including expenditures for materials utilized in construction and labor essential to complete existing developments in progress, may increase substantially.
Human capital risks, including the loss or limited availability of our key personnel, could disrupt or impair our operations.
We face elevated labor costs and increased competition for talent. Insufficient employee development, inadequate succession planning or an inability to successfully maintain a hybrid work model could negatively impact our business and operations. We also depend on the efforts of our executive officers for the success of our business. Although they are covered by our Executive Severance Plan and Executive Change in Control Severance Plan, which provide many of the benefits typically found in executive employment agreements, none of our executive officers have employment agreements with us. The loss or limited availability of the services of any of our executive officers, or our inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel, could, at least temporarily, disrupt, or impair our operations.
We rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption, or security failure of that technology could harm our business.
We rely on information technology networks, enterprise applications, and other information systems to process, transmit, and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, to maintain personal identifying information and tenant and lease data, and to operate building management systems. We utilize software and cloud-based technology from third-party service providers, on whom our information systems depend. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for the processing, transmission, and storage of confidential employee, tenant and customer data, including individually identifiable information relating to financial accounts, as well as building access, security, and operations. Although we have taken steps to protect the security of our information systems, with multiple layers of controls around the data maintained in those systems, it is possible that our safety and security measures will not prevent the systems’ improper functioning or damage, or the improper access of systems or disclosure of personally identifiable information such as in the event of cyber-attacks or other cybersecurity incidents. Our third-party service providers may also experience unexpected power losses, computer system failures, or data network disruptions, negatively impacting the systems or solutions we depend on. If our third-party providers face a security incident or other interruptions, or if there is a flaw or failed software update in the third-party software used in our systems, our information systems may become disabled or inaccessible. This could limit access to our data and business information, potentially causing significant disruptions to our operations.
Furthermore, because our operators as well as other third-party service providers with whom we and they do business (including vendors, software creators and cloud solution and cybersecurity providers) also rely on the Internet, information technology networks, enterprise applications, systems, and software, some of our data may be vulnerable to cybersecurity incidents or cybersecurity threats involving our operators and third parties with whom we or they do business. We do not control the cybersecurity systems and protocols put in place by our operators or other third parties, and such parties may have limited indemnification obligations to us, which could cause us to be negatively impacted as a result.
Cybersecurity incidents and cybersecurity threats affecting our or our operators’ or other third party providers’ information systems, including those caused by physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, malware, worms, attacks by hackers or foreign governments, ransomware attacks, disruptions from unauthorized access and tampering, including through social engineering such as phishing or vishing attacks, coordinated denial-of-service attacks, and similar breaches, could result in, among other things: (i) system disruptions; (ii) shutdowns; (iii) unauthorized access to or disclosure of confidential information, including as a result of impersonation of authorized users or manipulated communications; (iv) misappropriation of our or our business partners’ proprietary or confidential information; (v) breach of our legal, regulatory, or contractual obligations; (vi) inability to access or rely upon critical business records or systems; or (vii) other delays in our operations. In some cases, it may be difficult to anticipate or immediately detect such cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents and the damage they cause. The risk of cybersecurity incidents and cybersecurity threats has generally increased as the number, intensity, and sophistication of attacks and intrusions affecting companies generally have increased, and we have seen a significant increase in cyber phishing attacks. The risk of security breaches has also increased under our hybrid work model. We may be required to expend significant financial resources to detect, protect against or remediate such cybersecurity incidents or cybersecurity threats. In addition, our technology infrastructure and information systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss, and telecommunications failures. Any failure to adequately train employees or to maintain proper function, security, and availability of our and our operators’ information systems and the data maintained in those systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties, harm our business relationships, or increase our security and insurance costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our tenants and borrowers may also from time to time experience cybersecurity incidents or cybersecurity threats that compromise, damage or disrupt their information systems or result in the loss or misuse of confidential information, intellectual property or sensitive or personal information. Any resulting financial impact to our tenants or borrowers, including liability claims or regulatory penalties, increased security and insurance costs as well as business impacts resulting from any damage to their reputation or harm to their business relationships, could negatively impact the ability of our tenants and borrowers to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The use of, or inability to use, artificial intelligence by us, our tenants, our vendors, and our investors presents risks and challenges that may adversely impact our business and operating results or the business and operating results of our tenants and vendors or may adversely impact the requirements and demand for properties.
We may use generative artificial intelligence and/or machine learning (collectively, “AI”) tools in our operations. If our peers use AI tools to optimize operations and we fail to utilize AI tools in a comparable manner, we may be competitively disadvantaged. However, while AI tools may facilitate optimization and operational efficiencies, they also have the potential for inaccuracy, bias, infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property, and risks related to data privacy and cybersecurity. The use of AI tools may introduce errors or inadequacies that are not easily detectable, including deficiencies, inaccuracies, or biases in the data used for AI training, or in the content, analyses, or recommendations generated by AI applications. The results of such errors or inadequacies may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The legal requirements relating to AI continue to evolve and remain uncertain, including how legal developments could impact our business and ability to enforce our proprietary rights or protect against infringement of those rights.
Cybersecurity threat actors may utilize AI tools to automate and enhance cybersecurity attacks against us. We utilize software and platforms designed to detect such cybersecurity threats, including AI-based tools, but these threats could become more sophisticated and harder to detect and counteract, which may pose significant risks to our data security and systems. Such cybersecurity attacks, if successful, could lead to data breaches, loss of confidential or sensitive information, and financial or reputational harm.
The integration of AI tools in the healthcare industry may present significant opportunities and risks, including for our tenants. For example, in the life science industry, AI predictive models have the potential to be utilized broadly across various stages of drug development. Physicians in our outpatient medical portfolio may use AI tools to run comprehensive diagnostic tests. However, the adoption of AI tools also introduces a complex risk landscape for our tenants, similar to those risks described above. Moreover, the adoption of AI tools by our tenants may lead to infrastructure requirements that our buildings currently do not accommodate, such as increased power needs for high-performance computing. Infrastructure upgrades may require significant capital expenditures and could potentially impact the environmental footprint of our building operations.
Our vendors may use AI tools in their products or services without our knowledge, and the providers of these tools may not meet the evolving regulatory or industry standards for privacy and data protection. Consequently, this may inhibit our or our vendors’ ability to uphold an appropriate level of service and data privacy. If we, our vendors, or other third parties with which we conduct business experience an actual or perceived breach of privacy or security incident due to the use of AI, we may be adversely impacted, lose valuable intellectual property or confidential information, and incur harm to our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures.
In addition, investors, analysts, and other market participants may use AI tools to process, summarize or interpret our financial information or other data about us. The use of AI tools in financial and market analysis may introduce risks similar to those described above, including an inaccurate interpretation of our financial or operational performance or market trends or conditions, which in turn could result in inaccurate conclusions or investment recommendations.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure and Market Conditions
Volatility, disruption, or uncertainty in the financial markets may impair our ability to raise capital, obtain new financing or refinance existing obligations, and fund acquisition and development activities.
Increased or prolonged market disruption, volatility, or uncertainty could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise capital, obtain new financing or refinance our existing obligations as they mature, and fund acquisition and development activities. Our lenders and other financial institutions could also require us to agree to more restrictive covenants, grant liens on our assets as collateral, and/or accept other terms that are not commercially beneficial to us in order to obtain financing. One or more of our lenders under our credit facility could refuse or fail to fund their financing commitment to us as a result of lender liquidity and/or viability challenges, which financing commitments we may not be able to replace on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, the failure of a bank, or events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets impacting financial institutions at which we maintain balances, or concerns or rumors about such events, could lead to disruptions in access to our bank deposits, our inability to access our bank deposits in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) limits, or otherwise adversely impact our liquidity and financial performance, and our tenants, operators, and borrowers could be similarly adversely affected. Market volatility could also lead to significant uncertainty in the valuation of our investments and those of our joint ventures, which may result in a substantial decrease in the value of our properties and those of our joint ventures. As a result, we may be unable to recover the carrying amount of such investments and the associated goodwill, if any, which may require us to recognize impairment charges in earnings.
Increased borrowing costs could materially adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt, sell properties, and conduct investment activities.
We currently have and may incur additional debt obligations that have variable interest rates and related payments that vary with the movement of certain indices. During inflationary periods, interest rates have historically increased. For example, actions taken by the FOMC in response to recent inflationary conditions led to rising interest rates, which may continue to remain at elevated levels for the foreseeable future. Elevated interest rates result in increased interest costs for our variable rate debt and our new debt, which adversely affects our cost of capital and makes the financing of any acquisition and development activity more costly. In addition, elevated interest rates have lowered, and could continue to lower, the amount third parties are willing to pay for our properties, thereby negatively impacting our ability to reposition our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Higher borrowing costs could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures, or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increased interest expense on refinanced indebtedness.
We manage a portion of our exposure to interest rate risk by accessing debt with staggered maturities and through the use of derivative instruments, primarily interest rate cap and swap agreements. These agreements involve risk, including that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes, that the amount of income we earn from hedging transactions may be limited by federal tax provisions governing REITs, and that these arrangements may cause us to incur higher debt service costs than would otherwise be the case. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate risk could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Additionally, higher borrowing costs and attendant negative impacts on our business can reduce the amount investors are willing to pay for our common stock. Because REIT stocks are often perceived as high-yield investments, investors may perceive less relative benefit to owning REIT stocks as borrowing costs increase.
Cash available for distribution to stockholders may be insufficient to make dividend distributions at expected levels and are made at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
Decreases in cash available for distributions may result in us being unable to make dividend distributions at expected levels. Our failure to make distributions commensurate with market expectations would likely result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock. Further, all distributions are made at the discretion of our Board of Directors in accordance with Maryland law and depend on: (i) our earnings; (ii) our financial condition; (iii) debt and equity capital available to us; (iv) our expectations for future capital requirements and operating performance; (v) covenants in our financial or other contractual arrangements, including those in our credit facility agreement; (vi) maintenance of our REIT qualification; and (vii) other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant from time to time.
If access to external capital is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, it could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet commitments as they become due or make investments necessary to grow our business.
We periodically rely on external sources of capital (including debt and equity financing) to fulfill our capital requirements. The availability of external capital sources is affected by several factors, some of which we have little or no control over, including:
•general availability of capital, including our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, higher interest rates, and increased borrowing costs;
•the market price of the shares of our equity securities and the credit ratings of our debt and any preferred securities we may issue;
•the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions;
•our degree of financial leverage and operational flexibility;
•the financial integrity of our lenders, which might impair their ability to meet their commitments to us or their willingness to make additional loans to us, and our inability to replace the financing commitment of any such lender on favorable terms, or at all;
•bank failures or other events affecting financial institutions, which could adversely affect our or our tenants’, operators’, and borrowers’ liquidity and financial performance;
•the stability of the market value of our properties;
•the financial performance and general market perception of our tenants and operators;
•changes in the credit ratings on U.S. government debt securities or default or delay in payment by the U.S. of its obligations;
•issues facing the healthcare industry, including healthcare reform and changes in government reimbursement policies; and
•the performance of the national and global economies generally, including any economic downturn and volatility in the financial markets.
If access to capital is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, it could have a material adverse impact on our ability to fund operations, repay or refinance our debt obligations, fund dividend payments, acquire properties, and make the investments in development and redevelopment activities, as well as capital expenditures, needed to grow our business.
Our level of indebtedness may increase and materially adversely affect our future operations.
Our outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2024 was approximately $8.7 billion. We may incur additional indebtedness, which may be substantial. Any significant additional indebtedness would likely negatively affect the credit ratings of our debt and require us to dedicate a growing portion of our cash flow to interest and principal payments. Greater demands on our cash resources may reduce funds available to us to pay dividends, conduct development activities, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, or carry out other aspects of our business strategy. Increased indebtedness can also make us more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions and create competitive disadvantages for us compared to other companies with comparatively lower debt levels. Increased future debt service obligations may limit our operational flexibility, including our ability to finance or refinance our properties, contribute properties to joint ventures, or sell properties as needed. In addition, any changes to benchmark rates, or uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes, may increase the cost of our variable rate debt or cost of funds, adversely affect the trading market for our securities, have an unpredictable impact on the financial markets or otherwise affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Covenants in our debt instruments limit our operational flexibility, and breaches of these covenants could result in adverse actions by our creditors.
The terms of our current secured and unsecured debt instruments require us to comply with a number of customary financial and other covenants, such as maintaining leverage ratios, minimum tangible net worth requirements, REIT status, and certain levels of debt service coverage. Our ability to incur additional debt and to conduct business in general is subject to compliance with these covenants, which limits our operational flexibility. For example, mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit or restrict our ability, without the consent of the lender, to further encumber or sell the applicable properties, or to replace the applicable tenant or operator. Breaches of certain covenants may result in defaults under the mortgages on our properties and cross-defaults under certain of our other indebtedness, even if we satisfy our payment obligations to the respective obligee. Covenants that limit our operational flexibility, as well as defaults resulting from the breach of any of these covenants, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock has been, and may in the future be, highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many companies in industries similar or related to ours and that have been unrelated to these companies’ operating performances. If the market price of our common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares at a gain. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include:
•actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results, guidance, or distributions;
•changes in market valuations of similar companies;
•adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future;
•issuance of additional equity securities;
•actions by institutional stockholders;
•the publication of research reports and articles (or false or misleading information) about us, our tenants, the real estate industry, or the industries in which our tenants operate;
•speculation in the press or investment community and investor sentiment regarding commercial real estate generally, our industry sectors or other real estate sectors, the industries in which our tenants operate, and the regions in which our properties are located;
•short selling of our common stock or related derivative securities; and
•general market and economic conditions.
Adverse changes in our credit ratings could impair our ability to obtain additional debt and equity financing on favorable terms.
Our credit ratings affect the amount and type of capital, as well as the terms of any financing we may obtain. The credit ratings of our senior unsecured debt are based on, among other things, our operating performance, liquidity and leverage ratios, geographic and tenant concentration, and pending or future changes in the regulatory framework applicable to our operators and our industry. If we are unable to maintain our current credit ratings, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs, which would make it more difficult or expensive to obtain additional financing or refinance existing obligations and commitments. An adverse change in our outlook may ultimately lead to a downgrade in our credit ratings, which would trigger additional borrowing costs or other potentially negative consequences under our current credit facilities and debt instruments. Also, if our credit ratings are downgraded, or general market conditions were to ascribe higher risk to our ratings, our industry, or us, our access to capital and the cost of any future debt financing will be further negatively impacted. In addition, the terms of future debt agreements could include more restrictive covenants, or require incremental collateral, which may further restrict our business operations or be unavailable due to our covenant restrictions then in effect. There is no guarantee that debt or equity financings will be available in the future to fund future acquisitions, developments, or general operating expenses, or that such financing will be available on terms consistent with our historical agreements or expectations.
Risks Related to the Regulatory Environment
Tenants, operators, and borrowers that fail to comply with federal, state, local, and international laws and regulations, including resident health and safety requirements, as well as licensure, certification, and inspection requirements, may cease to operate or be unable to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us.
Our tenants, operators, and borrowers across our segments are subject to or impacted by extensive, frequently changing federal, state, and local laws and regulations. See “Item 1, Business-Government Regulation, Licensing and Enforcement-Healthcare Licensure and Certificate of Need” for a discussion of certain of these laws and regulations. Unannounced surveys, inspections, or audits occur frequently, including following a regulator’s receipt of a complaint about a facility, and these surveys, inspections, and audits can result in deficiencies and further adverse action. Our tenants’, operators’, or borrowers’ failure to comply with any of the laws, regulations, or requirements applicable to them could result in: (i) loss of accreditation; (ii) denial of reimbursement; (iii) imposition of fines and civil monetary penalties; (iv) suspension or decertification from government healthcare programs; (v) civil liability; and (vi) in certain instances, suspension, or denial of admissions, criminal penalties, loss of license, or closure of the property and/or the incurrence of considerable costs arising from an investigation or regulatory action, which may have an adverse effect on properties that we own and lease to a third party tenant in our outpatient medical and lab segments, that we own and operate through a RIDEA structure in our CCRC segment or our SWF SH JV, or on which we hold a mortgage, and therefore may materially adversely impact us.
Furthermore, we are required under RIDEA to rely on our operators to oversee and direct these aspects of the properties’ operations to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If one or more of our healthcare properties fails to comply with applicable laws and regulations, our TRS would be responsible (except in limited circumstances, such as the gross negligence or willful misconduct of our operators, where we would have a contractual claim against them), which could subject our TRS to penalties including loss or suspension of licenses, certification or accreditation, exclusion from government healthcare programs (i.e., Medicare, Medicaid), administrative sanctions, and civil monetary penalties. Some states also reserve the right to sanction affiliates of a licensee when they take administrative action against the licensee, and require a licensee to report all healthcare-related administrative actions that have been brought against any of the licensee’s affiliates, even in other states. Additionally, when we receive individually identifiable health information relating to residents of our healthcare properties, we are subject to federal and state data privacy and security laws and rules, and could be subject to liability in the event of an audit, complaint, cybersecurity incident, or data breach. Furthermore, our TRS has exposure to professional liability claims that could arise out of resident claims, such as quality of care, and the associated litigation costs.
Required regulatory approvals can delay or prohibit transfers of our senior housing properties.
Transfers of senior housing properties, including in connection with the foreclosure of a real-estate secured loan, to successor owners or operators are typically subject to regulatory approvals or ratifications, including change of ownership approvals for licensure and Medicare / Medicaid (if applicable) that are not required for transfers of other types of commercial operations and other types of real estate. Federal and state authorities have become increasingly focused on the review and potential regulation of healthcare transactions for impacts on costs, access to care, and quality, which could involve lengthy review and approval periods, enhanced disclosure obligations, impact analysis, public notices, and hearings. Such regulation could adversely impact the time and cost of completing transactions and, in certain circumstances, affect the feasibility of pursuing or completing such transactions. The sale of, or replacement of any operator at, our senior housing facilities, or the foreclosure of a loan secured by senior housing real estate, could be delayed by the regulatory approval process of any federal, state, or local government agency necessary for the transfer of the property or the replacement of the operator licensed to manage the property, during which time the property may experience performance declines. We may also elect to use an interim licensing structure to facilitate such transfers, which structure expedites the transfer by allowing a third party to operate under our license until the required regulatory approvals are obtained, but could subject us to fines or penalties if the third party fails to comply with applicable laws and regulations and fails to indemnify us for such fines or penalties pursuant to the terms of its agreement with us.
Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and fire, safety, and other regulations may require us to make expenditures that adversely affect our cash flows.
Our properties must comply with applicable ADA and any similar state and local laws. These laws may require removal of barriers to access by persons with disabilities in public areas of our properties. Noncompliance could result in the incurrence of additional costs associated with bringing the properties into compliance, the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants in individual lawsuits or as part of a class action. We could also be required to expend funds to comply with the provisions of the ADA and similar state and local laws on behalf of tenants, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, we are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations. New and revised regulations and codes may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our properties. For example, new safety laws for senior housing properties were adopted following the particularly damaging 2018 hurricane season. Compliance could require substantial capital expenditures, both for significant upgrades and for tenant relocations that may be necessary depending on the scope and duration of upgrades, and may restrict our ability to renovate our properties. These expenditures and restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and cash flows.
Laws or regulations prohibiting eviction of our tenants, even on a temporary basis, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues if our tenants fail to make their contractual rent payments to us.
Various federal, state, and local governments previously enacted, and may again enact, laws, regulations, and moratoriums or take other actions that could limit our ability to evict tenants until such laws, regulations, or moratoriums are reversed or lifted. In particular, several state and local governments implemented eviction moratoriums as a result of the Covid pandemic that applied to both residential and commercial tenants. Although these moratoriums have generally terminated or expired, federal, state, and local governments could enact moratoriums under similar circumstances in the future. While we generally have arrangements and other agreements that give us the right under specified circumstances to terminate a lease or evict a tenant for nonpayment of contractual rent, such laws, regulations, and moratoriums may restrict our ability to begin eviction proceedings even where no rent or only partial rent is being paid. Further, under current laws and regulations, eviction proceedings for delinquent tenants are already costly and time-consuming, and, if there are existing backlogs or backlogs develop in courts due to higher than normal eviction proceedings, we may incur significant costs and it may take a significant amount of time to ultimately evict any tenant who is not meeting their contractual rent obligations. If we are restricted, delayed, or prohibited from evicting tenants for failing to make contractual rent payments, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The requirements of, or changes to, governmental reimbursement programs such as Medicare or Medicaid may adversely affect our tenants’, operators’, and borrowers’ ability to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us.
Certain of our tenants, operators, and borrowers, as well as our owned assets in the CCRC segment and SWF SH JV, are affected, directly or indirectly, by a complex set of federal, state, and local laws and regulations pertaining to governmental reimbursement programs. These laws and regulations are subject to frequent and substantial changes that are sometimes applied retroactively. See “Item 1, Business-Government Regulation, Licensing and Enforcement.” For example, to the extent that our tenants, operators, or borrowers, or assets owned in our CCRC segment or through the SFW SH JV, receive a significant portion of their revenues from governmental payors, primarily Medicare and Medicaid, they are generally subject to, among other things:
•statutory and regulatory changes, including changes that impact state reimbursement programs, particularly Medicaid reimbursement and managed care payments;
•minimum staffing levels and other staffing and quality requirements;
•retroactive rate adjustments and recoupment efforts;
•recovery of program overpayments or set-offs;
•federal, state, and local litigation and enforcement actions, including those relating to Covid and the failure to satisfy the terms and conditions of financial relief;
•administrative proceedings;
•policy interpretations;
•payment or other delays by fiscal intermediaries or carriers;
•government funding restrictions (at a program level or with respect to specific properties);
•reduced reimbursement rates under managed care contracts;
•changes in reimbursement rates, methods, or timing under governmental reimbursement programs, including changes that impact state reimbursement programs, particularly Medicaid reimbursement and managed care payments;
•pre- and post-payment reviews and audits by governmental authorities, which could result in recoupments, denials or delay of payments;
•interruption or delays in payments due to any ongoing governmental investigations and audits at such properties or due to a partial or total federal or state government shutdown for a prolonged period of time; and
•reputational harm of publicly disclosed enforcement actions, audits, or investigations related to billing and reimbursements.
We are unable to predict future changes to or interpretations of, or the intensity of enforcement efforts with respect to, these laws and regulations, including those that pertain to the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The failure to comply with the extensive laws, regulations, and other requirements applicable to their business and the operation of our properties could result in, among other challenges: (i) becoming ineligible to receive reimbursement from governmental reimbursement programs or being compelled to repay amounts received, including under the CARES Act; (ii) becoming subject to prepayment reviews or claims for overpayments; (iii) bans on admissions of new patients or residents; (iv) civil or criminal penalties; and (v) significant operational changes, including requirements to increase staffing or the scope of care given to residents. These laws and regulations are enforced by a variety of federal, state, and local agencies and can also be enforced by private litigants through, among other things, federal and state false claims acts, which allow private litigants to bring qui tam or “whistleblower” actions. Any changes in the regulatory framework or the intensity or extent of governmental or private enforcement actions could have a material adverse effect on our tenants, operators, borrowers, and/or assets.
The status of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, along with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Affordable Care Act”) and related regulations may be subject to change, and other health reform measures could be implemented as a result of political, legislative, regulatory, and administrative developments and judicial proceedings, including those with far reaching implications and effecting fundamental changes in the healthcare system. Federal and state authorities may continue to implement new or modified reimbursement methodologies that may negatively impact health care property operations. There can be no assurance that adequate reimbursements will be available for services provided by our operators and tenants. Additionally, the patient driven payment model utilized by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to calculate reimbursement rates for patients in skilled nursing properties (which is among the unit types in our CCRCs) could result in decreases in payments to our operators and tenants or increase our operators’ and tenants’ costs. We cannot make any assessment as to the ultimate timing or the effect that any future changes may have on our tenants’, operators’, and borrowers’ costs of doing business, or the cost of doing business for or the assets owned in our CCRC segment or through the SFW SH JV, and on the amount of reimbursement by government and other third-party payors. Any significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed, reductions in reimbursement rates and fees, or increases in provider or similar types of taxes, could materially adversely affect their ability to meet their financial and contractual obligations to us.
We could be negatively impacted by legislation to address federal government operations and administrative decisions affecting the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services or other legislative or regulatory changes affecting REITs or the industries in which we operate.
Congressional consideration of legislation pertaining to the federal debt ceiling, the Affordable Care Act, tax reform, and entitlement programs, including reimbursement rates for physicians, could have a material adverse effect on our tenants’, operators’, and borrowers’ liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations. In particular, reduced funding for entitlement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid would result in increased costs and fees for programs such as Medicare Advantage Plans and additional reductions in reimbursements to providers. Amendments to the Affordable Care Act in whole or in part and decisions by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services could impact the delivery of services and benefits under Medicare, Medicaid, or Medicare Advantage Plans and could affect our tenants and operators and the manner in which they are reimbursed by such programs. Any shutdown of the federal government that delays or disrupts payments or any other material adverse effect on payments to our tenants, operators, or borrowers could adversely affect their ability to satisfy their obligations to us and could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, changes in federal, state, or local laws affecting the healthcare or life sciences industries, particularly that apply to REITs, or changes in the scope, interpretation, or enforcement of the related regulatory frameworks could adversely affect us or our tenants, operators, or borrowers.
Our participation in the CARES Act Provider Relief Fund and other Covid-related stimulus and relief programs could subject us or our operators to disruptive government and financial audits, enforcement actions, and recovery activity.
Under the CARES Act and subsequent Covid relief legislation, Congress allocated more than $178 billion to eligible health care providers through the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (the “Provider Relief Fund” or “PRF”). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) distributed PRF awards through various general and targeted distributions. We and our senior housing operators (including operators of senior housing facilities that we have subsequently disposed of) received relief funds through several distributions.
PRF funds are intended to reimburse eligible providers for unreimbursed health care-related expenses and lost revenues attributable to Covid and must be used only to prevent, prepare for, or respond to Covid. PRF funds received under certain targeted distributions are further limited to specific uses. Additionally, the PRF program imposes certain distribution-specific eligibility criteria and requires recipients to comply with various terms and conditions. PRF program terms and conditions include limitations and requirements governing use of PRF funds, implementation of controls, retention of records, audit and reporting to governmental authorities, and other PRF program requirements, the interpretation of which may change over time. Failure to comply with program requirements may result in payment recovery or other enforcement actions. We also may be subject to or incur costs related to PRF compliance activities, as well as government oversight and enforcement, including post-payment recovery and recoupment and government investigations, audits, enforcement activity, and penalties. Our current and former operators may similarly be impacted. Differences in operators’ PRF policies and protocols may adversely impact availability of data and financial audits.
Changes in federal, state, or local laws or regulations may limit our opportunities to participate in the ownership of, or investment in, healthcare real estate.
Changes in federal, state, or local laws or regulations, including changes limiting REIT investment in the healthcare sector, reducing healthcare-related tax benefits for REITs, or requiring additional approvals for healthcare entities to transact with REITs, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to participate in the ownership of or invest in healthcare providers and healthcare real estate. Legislation potentially impacting REIT ownership and investment in the healthcare sector has recently been introduced or is under discussion at the federal and state level. Such legislation or similar laws or regulations, if enacted, could have a material adverse impact on our business.
Risks Relating to Integration and Property Management Internalization Following the Merger
We may be unable to fully integrate the operations of the Company and Physicians Realty Trust successfully and realize the anticipated synergies of the Merger and benefits of property management internalization or do so within the anticipated time frame.
We have benefited from, and expect to continue to benefit from, the synergies from our Merger with Physicians Realty Trust as a result of (i) the elimination of duplicative costs associated with supporting an additional public company platform, (ii) internalization of the property management function, and (iii) leveraging state-of-the-art technology and systems. However, we continue to devote significant management attention and resources to integrating the operations of the Company and Physicians Realty Trust and internalizing the property management function. Potential difficulties we may encounter in the ongoing integration process include the following:
•the inability to successfully combine the operations of the Company and Physicians Realty Trust, including the integration of employees, customer records and maintaining cybersecurity protections, in a manner that permits us to achieve the cost savings anticipated from the Merger, which would result in the anticipated benefits of the Merger not being realized in the time frame currently anticipated or at all;
•the inability to dispose of assets or operations that we desire to dispose of;
•the complexities associated with managing the combined businesses out of different locations and integrating personnel from the two companies;
•the failure to retain key employees of either of the two companies;
•potential disruptions and performance shortfalls due to the failure to successfully internalize the property management function;
•potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses, delays, or regulatory conditions associated with the Merger; and
•performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management’s attention caused by integrating the companies’ operations.
For all these reasons, it is possible that the integration and property management internalization process could result in the distraction of management, the disruption of our ongoing business, or inconsistencies in our operations, services, standards, controls, procedures, and policies, any of which could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with tenants, property managers, and employees or to achieve the anticipated synergies and other benefits of the Merger, or could otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results.
Risks Related to Tax, Including REIT-Related Risks, and Related to Our Jurisdiction of Incorporation and Our Structure as an UPREIT
Loss of our tax status as a REIT would substantially reduce our available funds and would have materially adverse consequences for us and the value of our common stock.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of numerous highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), for which there are limited judicial and administrative interpretations, as well as the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. We intend to continue to operate in a manner that enables us to qualify as a REIT. However, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, through actual annual operating results, asset diversification, distribution levels, and diversity of stock ownership.
For example, to qualify as a REIT, at least 95% of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualifying sources, and we must make distributions to our stockholders aggregating annually to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains. Rents we receive from a TRS in a RIDEA structure are treated as qualifying rents from real property for REIT tax purposes only if (i) they are paid pursuant to a lease of a “qualified healthcare property” and (ii) the operator qualifies as an “eligible independent contractor,” as each term is defined in the Code. If either of these requirements is not satisfied, then the rents we receive from the TRS will not be qualifying rents and we may not satisfy the REIT gross income requirements. Furthermore, new legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations, or court decisions could change the tax laws or interpretations of the tax laws regarding qualification as a REIT, or the federal income tax consequences of that qualification, in a manner that is materially adverse to our stockholders. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we have operated or will continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT.
If we lose our REIT status, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available to make payments of principal and interest on the debt securities we issue and to make distributions to stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT:
•we will not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income;
•we will be subject to corporate-level income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates;
•we will be subject to increased state and local income taxes; and
•unless we are entitled to relief under relevant statutory provisions, we will be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we fail to qualify as a REIT.
As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could also impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital and could materially adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Our taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRSs) may be subject to corporate level tax.
Certain of our subsidiaries have elected or will elect with us to be treated as TRSs. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a TRS may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or non-customary services to tenants of its parent REIT that the parent REIT could not provide directly. TRSs are taxed as regular C corporations, and are thus generally required to pay regular corporate income tax, and potentially the alternative minimum tax, on their earnings. Any taxes paid by our TRSs will reduce the amounts that our TRSs could otherwise distribute to us. Furthermore, new legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations, or court decisions could change the tax laws or interpretations of the tax laws regarding our ability to continue to use one or more TRSs or other structures or arrangements in such a manner that could be materially adverse to us.
The tax imposed on any net income from “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions which would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income from prohibited transactions. Prohibited transactions are, in general, sales or other taxable dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. A sale will not be considered a prohibited transaction, however, if it meets certain safe harbor requirements. Although we do not intend to hold any properties that would be characterized as held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business (other than through a TRS), such characterization is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to take advantage of available safe harbors.
Further changes to U.S. federal income tax laws could materially and adversely affect us and our stockholders.
The present federal income tax treatment of REITs and various transactional structures that we utilize may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial, or administrative action at any time, which could affect the federal income tax treatment of an investment in us. The federal income tax rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation and REITs are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS, and the U.S. Treasury Department, which results in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and interpretations. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our investors or us. Revisions in federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, as well as the tax considerations relevant to an investment in us, or could cause us to change our investments and commitments.
Potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities from corporate acquisitions could limit or delay future property sales.
If, during the five-year period beginning on the date we acquire certain assets or companies in certain tax deferred transactions, we recognize a gain on the disposition of any property acquired, then, to the extent of the excess of (i) the fair market value of such property as of the acquisition date, over (ii) our adjusted income tax basis in such property as of that date, we will be required to pay a corporate-level federal income tax on this gain at the highest regular corporate rate. These potential tax effects could limit or delay future property sales. In addition, the IRS may assert liabilities against us for income taxes of certain entities we acquire for taxable years prior to the time that we acquire such entities, in which case we will owe these taxes plus interest and penalties, if any.
There are uncertainties relating to the calculation of non-REIT tax earnings and profits (“E&P”) in certain acquisitions, which may require us to distribute E&P.
In order to remain qualified as a REIT, we are required to distribute to our stockholders all of the accumulated non-REIT E&P of certain C corporations that we acquire, prior to the close of the first taxable year in which the acquisition occurs. Failure to make such E&P distributions could result in our disqualification as a REIT. The determination of the amount to be distributed in such E&P distributions is a complex factual and legal determination. We may have less than complete information at the time we undertake our analysis, or we may interpret the applicable law differently from the IRS. We currently believe that we have satisfied the requirements relating to such E&P distributions. There are, however, substantial uncertainties relating to the determination of E&P, including the possibility that the IRS could successfully assert that the taxable income of the companies acquired should be increased, which could increase our non-REIT E&P. Thus, we might fail to satisfy the requirement that we distribute all of our non-REIT E&P by the close of the first taxable year in which the acquisition occurs. Although there are procedures available to cure a failure to distribute all of our E&P, we cannot now determine whether we will be able to take advantage of these procedures or the economic impact on us of doing so.
Tax protection agreements may limit our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of certain properties and may require us to maintain certain debt levels that otherwise would not be required to operate our business.
We acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for units in our DownREITs or Healthpeak OP. In connection with these transactions, our DownREITs have entered and, with Healthpeak OP, may in the future enter into tax protection agreements that enable contributing partners to defer the recognition of taxable gain resulting from the sale or other disposition of the contributed properties. Tax protection agreements may make it economically prohibitive to sell any properties that are subject to such agreements even though it may otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests to do so. In addition, under these agreements, we may be required to maintain a minimum level of indebtedness throughout the term of the agreements regardless of whether such debt levels are otherwise required to operate our business. Physicians Realty Trust and the Physicians Partnership had also entered into similar tax protection arrangements with certain third parties and, as a result of the Merger, we inherited the obligations under such arrangements.
Our charter contains ownership limits with respect to our common stock and other classes of capital stock.
Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our common stock and preferred stock that are intended to assist us in preserving our qualification as a REIT. Under our charter, subject to certain exceptions, no person or entity may own, actually or constructively, more than 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock or any class or series of our preferred stock.
Additionally, our charter has a 9.9% ownership limitation on the direct or indirect ownership of our voting shares, which may include common stock or other classes of capital stock. Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt a proposed transferee from either ownership limit. The ownership limits may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or might otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
We are subject to certain provisions of Maryland law and our charter relating to business combinations that may prevent a transaction that may otherwise be in the interest of our stockholders.
We are subject to the Maryland Business Combination Act (the “MBCA”), which provides that unless exempted, a Maryland corporation may not engage in certain business combinations with an “interested stockholder” or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder, and thereafter unless specified criteria are met. In addition to the restrictions on business combinations contained in the MBCA, our charter also requires that, except in certain circumstances, “business combinations” with a “related person” must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 90% of our outstanding voting stock. These restrictions on business combinations may delay, defer, or prevent a change of control or other transaction even if such transaction involves a premium price for our common stock or our stockholders believe that such transaction is otherwise in their best interests.
Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of Healthpeak OP common units, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and Healthpeak OP or any member thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our company under Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as the managing member of Healthpeak OP, have certain fiduciary duties and obligations to Healthpeak OP and its members under Maryland law and the operating agreement of Healthpeak OP in connection with the management of Healthpeak OP. Our fiduciary duties and obligations as the managing member of Healthpeak OP may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our company.
Under Maryland law, a managing member of a Maryland limited liability company has fiduciary duties of loyalty and care to the limited liability company and its members and must discharge its duties and exercise its rights as managing member under the operating agreement or Maryland law consistent with the obligation of good faith and fair dealing. The operating agreement provides that, to the maximum extent permitted under the Maryland Limited Liability Company Act, the only duties that the managing member owes to Healthpeak OP, any member, or any other person, fiduciary or otherwise, are to perform its contractual obligations as expressly set forth in the operating agreement consistently with the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The operating agreement further provides that, in the event of a conflict between the interests of Healthpeak OP or any member, on the one hand, and the separate interests of our company or our stockholders, on the other hand, we, in our capacity as the managing member of Healthpeak OP, may give priority to the separate interests of our company or our stockholders (including with respect to tax consequences to members, assignees, or our stockholders), and, in the event of such a conflict, any action or failure to act on our part or on the part of our directors or officers that gives priority to the separate interests of our company or our stockholders that does not result in a violation of the contract rights of the members of Healthpeak OP under its operating agreement does not violate the duty of loyalty or any other duty that we, in our capacity as the managing member of Healthpeak OP, owe to Healthpeak OP and its members.
Additionally, the operating agreement provides that we generally will not be liable to Healthpeak OP or any member for any action or omission taken in our capacity as managing member, for the debts or liabilities of Healthpeak OP or for the obligations of Healthpeak OP under the operating agreement, except for liability for our fraud, willful misconduct, or gross negligence, pursuant to any express indemnity we may give to Healthpeak OP, or in connection with a redemption. Healthpeak OP generally must indemnify us, our directors and officers, officers of Healthpeak OP, and our designees from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of Healthpeak OP, unless (i) an act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful, or (iii) the person actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property, or services. Healthpeak OP must also pay or reimburse the reasonable expenses of any such person in advance of a final disposition of the proceeding upon its receipt of a written affirmation of the person’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to repay any amounts paid or advanced if it is ultimately determined that the person did not meet the standard of conduct for indemnification. Healthpeak OP is not required to indemnify or advance funds to any person with respect to any action initiated by the person seeking indemnification without our approval (except for any proceeding brought to enforce such person’s right to indemnification under the operating agreement) or in respect of any proceeding in which the person is found to be liable to Healthpeak OP if the proceeding was one by or in the right of Healthpeak OP.
No reported decision of a Maryland appellate court has interpreted provisions similar to the provisions of the operating agreement of Healthpeak OP that modify and reduce our fiduciary duties or obligations as the managing member or reduce or eliminate our liability to Healthpeak OP and its members, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel as to the enforceability of the provisions set forth in the operating agreement that purport to modify or reduce the fiduciary duties and obligations that would be in effect were it not for the operating agreement.
Certain provisions in the operating agreement of Healthpeak OP or other agreements may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us or certain other transactions.
Provisions of the operating agreement of Healthpeak OP may delay or make more difficult unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes of our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or change of our control, although some of our stockholders or members of Healthpeak OP might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. These provisions include, among others:
•redemption rights of qualifying parties;
•a requirement that we may not be removed as the managing member of Healthpeak OP without our consent;
•transfer restrictions on common units;
•our ability, as managing member, in some cases, to amend the operating agreement and to cause Healthpeak OP to issue additional membership interests with terms that could delay, defer, or prevent a merger or other change of control of us or Healthpeak OP without the consent of our stockholders or the members of Healthpeak OP; and
•the right of the non-managing members of Healthpeak OP to consent to certain transfers of our managing membership interest (whether by sale, disposition, statutory merger or consolidation, liquidation, or otherwise).
Our charter and bylaws, the operating agreement of Healthpeak OP, and Maryland law also contain other provisions that may delay, defer, or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest.
In addition, provisions of certain agreements with our partners may delay or make more difficult certain other transactions, including involving issuances of common units.
We are a holding company with no direct operations and, as such, we will rely on funds received from Healthpeak OP to pay liabilities, and the interests of our stockholders will be structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of Healthpeak OP and its subsidiaries.
We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our operations through Healthpeak OP. We do not have, apart from an interest in Healthpeak OP, any independent operations. As a result, we rely on distributions from Healthpeak OP to continue to pay any dividends we might declare on shares of our common stock. We also rely on distributions from Healthpeak OP to meet any of our obligations, including any tax liability on taxable income allocated to us from Healthpeak OP. In addition, because we are a holding company, stockholder claims will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) of Healthpeak OP and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, or reorganization, our assets and those of Healthpeak OP and its subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our and Healthpeak OP’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. Properties
Our strategy is to own, operate, and develop high-quality real estate focused on healthcare discovery and delivery. In evaluating potential investments, we consider a multitude of factors, including:
•location, construction quality, age, condition, and design of the property;
•geographic area, proximity to other healthcare facilities, type of property, and demographic profile, including new competitive supply;
•whether the expected risk-adjusted return exceeds the incremental cost of capital;
•whether the rent or operating income provides a competitive market return to our investors;
•duration, rental rates, tenant and operator quality, and other attributes of in-place leases, including master lease structures and coverage;
•current and anticipated cash flow and its adequacy to meet our operational needs;
•availability of security such as letters of credit, security deposits, and guarantees;
•potential for capital appreciation;
•expertise and reputation of the tenant or operator;
•occupancy and demand for similar healthcare facilities in the same or nearby communities;
•availability of qualified operators or property managers and whether we can manage the property;
•potential for environmentally sustainable and/or resilient features of the property;
•potential alternative uses of the facilities;
•the regulatory and reimbursement environment in which the properties operate;
•tax laws related to REITs;
•prospects for liquidity through financing or refinancing; and
•our access to and cost of capital.
Properties
The following table summarizes our consolidated property investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 (square feet and dollars in thousands):
Facility Location Number of
Facilities Capacity(1)
Gross Asset
Value(2)
Real Estate
Revenues(3)
Operating
Expenses
Outpatient medical: (Sq. Ft.)
Texas 103 9,333 $ 2,103,743 $ 295,840 $ (99,990)
Florida 39 2,206 584,475 72,769 (25,323)
Pennsylvania 15 1,613 456,194 42,747 (17,205)
Tennessee 25 2,348 441,428 71,504 (23,695)
Colorado 23 1,443 425,430 54,562 (32,255)
Georgia 14 1,418 398,723 43,848 (14,281)
Other (36 States) 288 17,682 4,646,540 624,474 (193,244)
Total outpatient medical 507 36,043 $ 9,056,533 $ 1,205,744 $ (405,993)
Lab: (Sq. Ft.)
California 106 7,862 $ 5,919,953 $ 632,860 $ (162,212)
Massachusetts 19 2,613 2,838,593 241,376 (73,290)
Other (1 State) 4 240 54,239 7,216 (4,118)
Total lab 129 10,715 $ 8,812,785 $ 881,452 $ (239,620)
CCRC: (Units)
Florida 9 4,774 $ 1,395,819 $ 367,604 $ (282,500)
Other (5 States) 6 2,286 649,297 200,871 (146,748)
Total CCRC 15 7,060 $ 2,045,116 $ 568,475 $ (429,248)
Total properties 651 $ 19,914,434 $ 2,655,671 $ (1,074,861)
_______________________________________
(1)Excludes capacity associated with developments.
(2)Represents gross real estate which includes the carrying amount of real estate after adding back accumulated depreciation and amortization. Excludes gross real estate of $11 million related to one outpatient medical building classified as held for sale.
(3)Represents the combined amount of rental and related revenues and resident fees and services.
Occupancy and Annual Rent Trends
The following table summarizes occupancy and average annual rent trends for our consolidated properties for the years ended December 31 (average occupied square feet in thousands):
2024 2023 2022
Outpatient medical:
Average occupancy percentage(1)
92 % 90 % 90 %
Average annual rent per square foot(2)
$ 36 $ 35 $ 33
Average occupied square feet 32,431 21,337 21,472
Lab:
Average occupancy percentage(1)
96 % 98 % 98 %
Average annual rent per square foot(2)
$ 87 $ 82 $ 71
Average occupied square feet 9,404 10,334 10,610
CCRC:
Average occupancy percentage(1)
85 % 84 % 82 %
Average annual rent per occupied unit(3)
$ 94,103 $ 88,524 $ 84,664
Average occupied units 6,041 5,960 5,926
_______________________________________
(1)Average occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.
(2)Presented as a ratio of revenues comprised of rental and related revenues divided by average occupied square feet and annualized for acquisitions for the year in which they occurred. Average annual rent excludes termination fees and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents and amortization of market lease intangibles).
(3)Presented as a ratio of revenues comprised of resident fees and services and government grant income divided by average occupied units of the facilities. Average annual rent excludes termination fees and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., the impact of deferred community fee income).
Tenant Lease Expirations
The following table shows tenant lease expirations for the next 10 years and thereafter at our consolidated properties, assuming that none of the tenants exercise any of their renewal or purchase options, and excludes properties in our CCRC segment and assets held for sale as of December 31, 2024 (dollars and square feet in thousands):
Expiration Year
Segment Total 2025(1)
2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 Thereafter
Outpatient medical:
Square feet 33,278 3,788 4,090 3,066 3,930 3,177 2,237 2,590 2,710 1,668 1,494 4,528
Base rent(2)
$ 873,741 $ 104,756 $ 116,522 $ 85,332 $ 96,518 $ 92,462 $ 60,431 $ 65,266 $ 63,952 $ 47,918 $ 38,004 $ 102,580
% of segment base rent 100 12 13 10 11 11 7 7 7 6 4 12
Lab:
Square feet 9,167 675 401 1,030 694 844 1,143 1,050 969 594 693 1,074
Base rent(2)
$ 572,298 $ 35,987 $ 28,059 $ 55,900 $ 37,850 $ 53,436 $ 79,287 $ 70,497 $ 63,067 $ 47,263 $ 52,233 $ 48,719
% of segment base rent 100 6 5 10 7 9 14 12 11 8 9 9
Total:
Base rent(2)
$ 1,446,039 $ 140,743 $ 144,581 $ 141,232 $ 134,368 $ 145,898 $ 139,718 $ 135,763 $ 127,019 $ 95,181 $ 90,237 $ 151,299
% of total base rent 100 10 10 10 9 10 10 9 9 7 6 10
_______________________________________
(1)Includes month-to-month leases.
(2)The most recent month’s (or subsequent month’s, if acquired in the most recent month) base rent, including additional rent floors, annualized for 12 months. Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings
See the “Legal Proceedings” section of Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding legal proceedings, which information is incorporated by reference in this Item 3.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “DOC.”
As of January 29, 2025, we had 6,645 stockholders of record, and there were 447,008 beneficial holders of our common stock.
Dividends (Distributions)
It has been our policy to declare quarterly dividends to common stockholders so as to comply with applicable provisions of the Code governing REITs. All distributions are made at the discretion of our Board of Directors in accordance with Maryland law. Distributions with respect to our common stock can be characterized for federal income tax purposes as ordinary dividends, capital gains, nondividend distributions, or a combination thereof. The following table shows the characterization of our annual common stock distributions per share:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Ordinary dividends(1)
$ 0.720440 $ 0.909692 $ 0.872948
Capital gains(2)(3)
0.295060 0.116992 0.183208
Nondividend distributions 0.184500 0.173316 0.143844
$ 1.200000 $ 1.200000 $ 1.200000
______________________________________
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2024, all $0.720440 of ordinary dividends qualified as business income for purposes of Code Section 199A. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the amount includes $0.882312 of ordinary dividends qualified as business income for purposes of Code Section 199A and $0.027380 of qualified dividend income for purposes of Code Section 1(h)(11). For the year ended December 31, 2022, all $0.872948 of ordinary dividends qualified as business income for purposes of Code Section 199A.
(2)For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the amount includes $0.215960, $0.036256, and $0.017760, respectively, of unrecaptured Code Section 1250 gain. Pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.1061-6(c), we are disclosing additional information related to the capital gain dividends for purposes of Section 1061 of the Code. Code Section 1061 is generally applicable to direct and indirect holders of “applicable partnership interests.” For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the “One Year Amounts” and “Three Year Amounts” are each zero, since all capital gains relate to Code Section 1231 gains. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the “One Year Amounts” and “Three Year Amounts” are each 89.6708% of the total capital gain distributions and the remaining capital gain distributions are attributable to Code Section 1231 gains, which are not subject to Code Section 1061.
(3)For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, 100%, 100%, and 10.3292%, respectively, of the capital gain distributions represent gains from dispositions of U.S. real property interests pursuant to Code Section 897 for foreign shareholders.
On February 3, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock cash dividend of $0.305 per share, reflecting an increase from $0.30 to $0.305 per share. The common stock cash dividend will be paid on February 26, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 14, 2025.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases of our common stock made by or on our behalf during the three months ended December 31, 2024.
Period Covered Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share Total Number of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs(1)
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar Value)
of Shares that May Yet
be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs(1)
October 1-31, 2024 - $ - - $ 500,000,000
November 1-30, 2024 - - - 500,000,000
December 1-31, 2024 - - - 500,000,000
- $ - - $ 500,000,000
_______________________________________
(1)On July 24, 2024, our Board of Directors approved the 2024 Share Repurchase Program under which we may acquire shares of our common stock in the open market or other similar purchase techniques (including in compliance with the safe harbor provisions of Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act or pursuant to one or more plans adopted under Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act), up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million. Purchases of common stock under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program may be exercised at our discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. The 2024 Share Repurchase Program expires in July 2026 and may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. As of December 31, 2024, no shares have been repurchased under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program. Therefore, at December 31, 2024, $500 million of the Company’s common stock remained available for repurchase under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program.
Performance Graph
The graph and table below compare the cumulative total return of Healthpeak, the S&P 500 Index, and the Equity REIT Index of Nareit, from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024. Total cumulative return is based on a $100 investment in Healthpeak common stock and in each of the indices at the close of trading on December 31, 2019 and assumes quarterly reinvestment of dividends before consideration of income taxes. Stockholder returns over the indicated periods should not be considered indicative of future stock prices or stockholder returns.
COMPARISON OF FIVE-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
AMONG S&P 500, EQUITY REITS AND HEALTHPEAK PROPERTIES, INC.
RATE OF RETURN TREND COMPARISON
JANUARY 1, 2020-DECEMBER 31, 2024
(JANUARY 1, 2020 = $100)
Performance Graph Total Stockholder Return
December 31,
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
FTSE Nareit Equity REIT Index $ 94.88 $ 134.06 $ 100.62 $ 112.04 $ 117.56
S&P 500 118.39 152.34 124.73 157.48 196.85
Healthpeak Properties, Inc. 92.33 114.25 82.83 69.24 75.37

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The information set forth in this Item 7 is intended to provide readers with an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations. This section generally discusses the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, please refer to Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024.
The discussion below contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those which are discussed in “Item 1A, Risk Factors.” See also “Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” preceding Part I.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our accompanying, consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.
We will discuss and provide our analysis in the following order:
•Market Trends and Uncertainties
•Company Highlights
•Dividends
•Results of Operations
•Liquidity and Capital Resources
•Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations
•Critical Accounting Estimates
•Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Market Trends and Uncertainties
Our operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by global and national economic and market conditions generally and by the local economic conditions where our properties are located.
Increased interest rates, ongoing geopolitical tensions, and volatility in public and private equity and fixed income markets have led to increased costs and limitations on the availability of capital. In addition, increased interest rates have and could continue to adversely impact our borrowing costs, the fair value of our fixed rate instruments, transaction volume, and real estate values generally, including our real estate.
To the extent our tenants and/or operators have also experienced increased costs, liquidity constraints, and financing difficulties due to the foregoing macroeconomic and market conditions, they may be unable or unwilling to make payments or perform their obligations when due.
We have also been affected by increased costs relating to tenant improvements and construction, which, together with higher costs of capital, have adversely affected, and in the future may adversely affect, the expected yields on our development and redevelopment projects. While there have been signs that cost pressures are moderating, there can be no assurance that this will continue to be the case.
We continuously monitor the effects of domestic and global events on our operations and financial position, and on the operations and financial position of our tenants, operators, and borrowers, to enable us to remain responsive and adaptable to the dynamic changes in our operating environment. These events include but are not limited to inflation; interest rates; challenges in the financial markets; and changes in the U.S. political administration, which could affect healthcare policy, labor supply, procurement and construction costs, and economic conditions, among other things.
See “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this report for additional discussion of the risks posed by macroeconomic conditions, as well as the uncertainties we and our tenants, operators, and borrowers may face as a result.
Company Highlights
On March 1, 2024, we completed the Merger with Physicians Realty Trust, which resulted in the acquisition of 299 outpatient medical buildings.
Real Estate Transactions
•In January 2024, we sold a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California (the “Callan Ridge JV”) to a third-party for net proceeds of $128 million.
•In April 2024, we exercised our option to buy out four redeemable noncontrolling interests, made aggregate cash payments for the total redemption value of $53 million to the related noncontrolling interest holders, and acquired the redeemable noncontrolling interests associated with these entities.
•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold: (i) a portfolio of 61 outpatient medical buildings for $697 million and provided the buyer with a mortgage loan secured by the real estate sold for $419 million, (ii) 14 outpatient medical buildings for $220 million, (iii) a portfolio of seven lab buildings for $180 million, and (iv) a portfolio comprised of a land parcel and various vacant buildings on certain of our CCRC campuses for $12 million.
Development and Redevelopment Activities
•During the year ended December 31, 2024, the following projects were placed in service: (i) a portion of two lab development projects with total project costs of $83 million, (ii) two outpatient medical development projects with total project costs of $62 million, (iii) one outpatient medical development project held in a consolidated joint venture of which our share of total project costs was $22 million, (iv) one lab redevelopment building held in one of our unconsolidated South San Francisco JVs of which our share of total project costs was $15 million, (v) one lab redevelopment project with total project costs of $14 million, (vi) a portion of one lab redevelopment project with total project costs of $13 million, and (vii) a portion of one lab redevelopment building held in one of our unconsolidated South San Francisco JVs of which our share of total project costs was $9 million.
Financing Activities
•In March 2024, we executed a $750 million five year unsecured term loan (the “2029 Term Loan”) as an incremental facility under the term loan agreement. In January 2024, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments on the 2029 Term Loan which are designated as cash flow hedges and establish a blended fixed effective interest rate of 4.66%.
•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased 10.5 million shares of our common stock under our 2022 Share Repurchase Program (as defined below) at a weighted average price of $17.98 per share for a total of $188 million.
•In February 2025, we repaid $348 million aggregate principal amount of 3.40% senior unsecured notes at maturity.
Other Activities
•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we refinanced one of our existing seller financing loans receivable, extended the maturity date to August 2027, and received aggregate partial principal repayments of $74 million.
•During the year ended December 31, 2024, we executed an early lease renewal for approximately 2 million square feet leased by CommonSpirit Health, which is subject to a master agreement, which extended the weighted average lease term of existing leases from July 2027 to December 2035, amended the contractual rents to current market rates, and increased the annual contractual lease escalations from 2.5% to 3.0%.
•In January 2025, we received full repayment of: (i) the $48 million outstanding balance of one of our seller financing loans receivable and (ii) the $15 million outstanding balance of one secured loan with an original maturity of July 2027.
Dividends
Quarterly common stock cash dividends paid during 2024 aggregated to $1.20 per share. On February 3, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock cash dividend of $0.305 per share, reflecting an increase from $0.30 to $0.305 per share. The dividend will be paid on February 26, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 14, 2025.
Results of Operations
We evaluate our business and allocate resources among our operating segments: (i) outpatient medical, (ii) lab, (iii) CCRC, (iv) an interest in our unconsolidated SWF SH JV, and (v) loans receivable. Our operating segments are aggregated into the following reportable segments: (i) outpatient medical, (ii) lab, and (iii) CCRC. Under the outpatient medical and lab segments, we own, operate, and develop outpatient medical buildings, hospitals, and lab buildings. Our CCRCs are operated through RIDEA structures. The SWF SH JV and loans receivable are non-reportable segments that have been presented on a combined basis herein. We evaluate performance based upon property adjusted net operating income (“Adjusted NOI” or “Cash NOI”) in each segment. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted NOI
Adjusted NOI is a non-U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) supplemental financial measure used to evaluate the operating performance of real estate. Adjusted NOI represents real estate revenues (inclusive of rental and related revenues, resident fees and services, and government grant income and exclusive of interest income), less property level operating expenses; Adjusted NOI excludes all other financial statement amounts included in net income (loss) as presented in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Adjusted NOI eliminates the effects of straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, termination fees, actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, and the impact of deferred community fee income and expense. Adjusted NOI is calculated as Adjusted NOI from consolidated properties, plus our share of Adjusted NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period), less noncontrolling interests’ share of Adjusted NOI from consolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period). We utilize our share of Adjusted NOI in assessing our performance as we have various joint ventures that contribute to our performance. Our share of Adjusted NOI should not be considered a substitute for, and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to, our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted NOI is oftentimes referred to as “Cash NOI.” Management believes Adjusted NOI is an important supplemental measure because it provides relevant and useful information by reflecting only income and operating expense items that are incurred at the property level and presents them on an unlevered basis. We use Adjusted NOI to make decisions about resource allocations, to assess and compare property level performance, and to evaluate our Merger-Combined Same-Store (“Merger-Combined SS”) performance, as described below. We believe that net income (loss) is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted NOI. Adjusted NOI should not be viewed as an alternative measure of operating performance to net income (loss) as defined by GAAP since it does not reflect various excluded items. Further, our definition of Adjusted NOI may not be comparable to the definitions used by other REITs or real estate companies, as they may use different methodologies for calculating Adjusted NOI.
As described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) evaluates the performance of our operating segments based on Adjusted NOI. Our operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments for which we disclose Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI for our reportable segments. For further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to our income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, refer to Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Operating expenses generally relate to leased outpatient medical and lab buildings, as well as CCRC facilities. We generally recover all or a portion of our leased outpatient medical and lab property expenses through tenant recoveries, which are recognized within rental and related revenues.
Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI
Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI includes legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties that met the same-store criteria as if they were owned by the Company for the full analysis period. This information allows our investors, analysts, and us to evaluate the performance of our property portfolio under a consistent population by eliminating changes in the composition of our portfolio of properties, excluding properties within the other non-reportable segments. We include properties from our consolidated portfolio, as well as properties owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures in Adjusted NOI (see Adjusted NOI definition above for further discussion regarding our use of pro-rata share information and its limitations). Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI excludes government grant income under the CARES Act, amortization of deferred revenue from tenant-funded improvements, and certain non-property specific operating expenses that are allocated to each operating segment on a consolidated basis.
Properties are included in Merger-Combined Same-Store once they are fully operating for the entirety of the comparative periods presented. A property is removed from Merger-Combined Same-Store when it is classified as held for sale, sold, placed into redevelopment, experiences a casualty event that significantly impacts operations, or a significant tenant relocates from a Merger-Combined Same-Store property to a Merger-Combined non Same-Store property and that change results in a corresponding increase in revenue. We do not report Merger-Combined Same-Store metrics for our other non-reportable segments.
Management believes that continued reporting of the same-store portfolio for only pre-merger Healthpeak Properties, Inc. offers minimal value to investors who are seeking to understand the operating performance and growth potential of the Combined Company. The Company was provided access to the underlying financial statements of legacy Physicians Realty Trust (which financial statements have been audited or, in the case of interim periods, reviewed) and other detailed information about each property, such as the acquisition date. Based on this available information, the Company was able to consistently apply its same-store definition across the combined portfolio. As a result of the Merger, approximately 97% of the combined portfolio is represented in the Merger-Combined Same-Store presentation for the outpatient medical segment for the year ended December 31, 2024.
For a reconciliation of Merger-Combined Same-Store to total portfolio Adjusted NOI and other relevant disclosures by segment, refer to our Segment Analysis below.
Nareit FFO. Funds from Operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), is net income (loss) applicable to common shares (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of depreciable property, including any current and deferred taxes directly associated with sales of depreciable property, impairments of, or related to, depreciable real estate, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization, and adjustments to compute our share of Nareit FFO from joint ventures. Adjustments for joint ventures are calculated to reflect our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures. We reflect our share of Nareit FFO for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. For consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100%, we reflect our share of the equity by adjusting our Nareit FFO to remove the third-party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods. Our pro rata share information is prepared on a basis consistent with the comparable consolidated amounts, is intended to reflect our proportionate economic interest in the operating results of properties in our portfolio and is calculated by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period. We do not control the unconsolidated joint ventures, and the pro rata presentations of reconciling items included in Nareit FFO do not represent our legal claim to such items. The joint venture members or partners are entitled to profit or loss allocations and distributions of cash flows according to the joint venture agreements, which provide for such allocations generally according to their invested capital.
The presentation of pro rata information has limitations, which include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) the amounts shown on the individual line items were derived by applying our overall economic ownership interest percentage determined when applying the equity method of accounting and do not necessarily represent our legal claim to the assets and liabilities, or the revenues and expenses and (ii) other companies in our industry may calculate their pro rata interest differently, limiting the usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, the pro rata financial information should not be considered independently or as a substitute for our financial statements as reported under GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP financial statements, using the pro rata financial information as a supplement.
We believe Nareit FFO applicable to common shares and diluted Nareit FFO applicable to common shares are important supplemental non-GAAP measures of operating performance for a REIT. Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets utilizes straight-line depreciation (except on land), such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen and fallen with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that use historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. The term Nareit FFO was designed by the REIT industry to address this issue.
Nareit FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs and should not be considered an alternative to net income (loss). We compute Nareit FFO in accordance with the current Nareit definition; however, other REITs may report Nareit FFO differently or have a different interpretation of the current Nareit definition from ours. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Nareit FFO and other relevant disclosures, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.
FFO as Adjusted. In addition, we present Nareit FFO on an adjusted basis before the impact of non-comparable items including, but not limited to, transaction and merger-related items, other impairments (recoveries) and other losses (gains), restructuring and severance-related charges, prepayment costs (benefits) associated with early retirement or payment of debt, litigation costs (recoveries), casualty-related charges (recoveries), deferred tax asset valuation allowances, and changes in tax legislation (“FFO as Adjusted”). These adjustments are net of tax, when applicable, and are reflective of our share of our joint
ventures. Adjustments for joint ventures are calculated to reflect our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures. We reflect our share of FFO as Adjusted for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. We reflect our share for consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100% of the equity by adjusting our FFO as Adjusted to remove the third-party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods. See “Nareit FFO” above for further disclosures regarding our use of pro rata share information and its limitations. Transaction and merger-related items include transaction expenses and gains/charges incurred as a result of mergers and acquisitions and lease amendment or termination activities. Prepayment costs (benefits) associated with early retirement of debt include the write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees, or additional costs, expenses, discounts, make-whole payments, penalties or premiums incurred as a result of early retirement or payment of debt. Other impairments (recoveries) and other losses (gains) include interest income associated with early and partial repayments of loans receivable and other losses or gains associated with non-depreciable assets including goodwill, undeveloped land parcels, and loans receivable. Management believes that FFO as Adjusted provides a meaningful supplemental measurement of our FFO run-rate and is frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of our performance as a REIT. At the same time that Nareit created and defined its FFO measure for the REIT industry, it also recognized that “management of each of its member companies has the responsibility and authority to publish financial information that it regards as useful to the financial community.” We believe stockholders, potential investors, and financial analysts who review our operating performance are best served by an FFO run-rate earnings measure that includes certain other adjustments to net income (loss), in addition to adjustments made to arrive at the Nareit defined measure of FFO. FFO as Adjusted is used by management in analyzing our business and the performance of our properties and we believe it is important that stockholders, potential investors, and financial analysts understand this measure used by management. We use FFO as Adjusted to: (i) evaluate our performance in comparison with expected results and results of previous periods, relative to resource allocation decisions, (ii) evaluate the performance of our management, (iii) budget and forecast future results to assist in the allocation of resources, (iv) assess our performance as compared with similar real estate companies and the industry in general, and (v) evaluate how a specific potential investment will impact our future results. Other REITs or real estate companies may use different methodologies for calculating an adjusted FFO measure, and accordingly, our FFO as Adjusted may not be comparable to those reported by other REITs. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to FFO as Adjusted and other relevant disclosure, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.
Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”). AFFO is defined as FFO as Adjusted after excluding the impact of the following: (i) stock-based compensation amortization expense, (ii) amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts (premiums), (iii) straight-line rents, (iv) deferred income taxes, (v) amortization of above (below) market lease intangibles, net, (vi) non-refundable entrance fees collected in excess of (less than) the related amortization, and (vii) other AFFO adjustments, which include: (a) lease incentive amortization (reduction of straight-line rents), (b) actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, and (c) amortization of deferred revenues, excluding amounts amortized into rental income that are associated with tenant funded improvements owned/recognized by us and up-front cash payments made by tenants to reduce their contractual rents. Also, AFFO is computed after deducting recurring capital expenditures, including second generation leasing costs and second generation tenant and capital improvements (“AFFO capital expenditures”). All adjustments are reflective of our pro rata share of both our consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures (reported in “other AFFO adjustments”). We reflect our share of AFFO for unconsolidated joint ventures by applying our actual ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. We reflect our share for consolidated joint ventures in which we do not own 100% of the equity by adjusting our AFFO to remove the third-party ownership share of the applicable reconciling items based on actual ownership percentage for the applicable periods. See “Nareit FFO” above for further disclosures regarding our use of pro rata share information and its limitations. We believe AFFO is an alternative run-rate performance measure that improves the understanding of our operating results among investors and makes comparisons with: (i) expected results, (ii) results of previous periods, and (iii) results among REITs more meaningful. AFFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs as it excludes the following items which generally flow through our cash flows from operating activities: (i) adjustments for changes in working capital or the actual timing of the payment of income or expense items that are accrued in the period, (ii) transaction-related costs, (iii) litigation settlement expenses, and (iv) restructuring and severance-related charges. Furthermore, AFFO is adjusted for recurring capital expenditures, which are generally not considered when determining cash flows from operations or liquidity. Other REITs or real estate companies may use different methodologies for calculating AFFO, and accordingly, our AFFO may not be comparable to those reported by other REITs. Management believes AFFO provides a meaningful supplemental measure of our performance and is frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of our performance as a REIT, and by presenting AFFO, we are assisting these parties in their evaluation. AFFO is a non-GAAP supplemental financial measure and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a reconciliation of net income (loss) to AFFO and other relevant disclosures, refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2024 to the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Overview
The following table summarizes results for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023(1) (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 242,384 $ 304,284 $ (61,900)
Nareit FFO 1,092,730 985,180 107,550
FFO as Adjusted 1,231,868 978,306 253,562
AFFO 1,140,665 884,230 256,435
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(1)For the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations” below.
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares decreased primarily as a result of the following:
•an increase in depreciation, primarily as a result of: (i) assets acquired as part of the Merger and (ii) development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2023 and 2024;
•an increase in transaction and merger-related costs, primarily as a result of costs incurred in connection with the Merger;
•an increase in interest expense, primarily as a result of: (i) debt assumed as part of the Merger, including $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, $400 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured term loans assumed as part of the Merger (the “2028 Term Loan”), and $128 million aggregate principal amount of mortgage debt and (ii) borrowings under the 2029 Term Loan, which closed in March 2024;
•an increase in impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net, primarily as a result of: (i) impairment charges associated with an asset impaired under the held for sale model and (ii) an increase in loan loss reserves recognized on secured loans and mezzanine loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger;
•an increase in casualty-related losses from Hurricane Milton during the fourth quarter of 2024; and
•an increase in income tax expense primarily as a result of an income tax expense incurred in connection with the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024.
The decrease in net income (loss) applicable to common shares was partially offset by:
•an increase in Adjusted NOI generated from our lab and outpatient medical segments related to: (i) assets acquired as part of the Merger, (ii) development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2023 and 2024, and (iii) new leasing activity during 2023 and 2024 (including the impact to straight-line rents);
•an increase in gain on sales of depreciable real estate sales during 2024 as compared to 2023;
•a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024; and
•an increase in interest income related to mezzanine and secured loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger and seller financing provided in connection with the disposition of 61 outpatient medical buildings in 2024.
Nareit FFO increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned events impacting net income (loss) applicable to common shares, except for the following, which are excluded from Nareit FFO:
•depreciation and amortization expense;
•gain on sales of depreciable real estate;
•gain upon change of control;
•impairments of depreciable real estate; and
•taxes associated with real estate dispositions.
FFO as Adjusted increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned events impacting Nareit FFO, except the following, which are excluded from FFO as Adjusted:
•transaction and merger-related items;
•casualty-related losses; and
•loan loss reserves (recoveries).
AFFO increased primarily as a result of higher cash collections of non-refundable entrance fees at our CCRCs, and the aforementioned events impacting FFO as Adjusted, except for the impact of straight-line rents and amortization of deferred financing costs, deferred income taxes, and debt discounts (premiums) on amounts recognized in connection with the Merger, which are excluded from AFFO, partially offset by higher AFFO capital expenditures during the period.
Segment Analysis
The following tables provide selected operating information for our Merger-Combined Same-Store and total property portfolio for each of our reportable segments. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our Merger-Combined Same-Store consists of 625 properties representing properties fully operating on or prior to January 1, 2023 and that remained in operation through December 31, 2024. Legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties that met the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store are included in both periods presented as if they were owned by the Company for the full analysis period. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for additional information. Our total property portfolio consisted of 697 and 477 properties at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Outpatient Medical
The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars and square feet in thousands, except per square foot data):
Merger-Combined SS(1)
Total Portfolio(2)
Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change
Rental and related revenues $ 1,197,264 $ 1,138,437 $ 58,827 $ 1,205,744 $ 753,479 $ 452,265
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture total revenues 26,092 24,091 2,001 24,041 3,033 21,008
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture total revenues (36,083) (35,365) (718) (37,643) (35,073) (2,570)
Operating expenses (395,079) (382,748) (12,331) (405,993) (263,132) (142,861)
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture operating expenses (10,007) (8,986) (1,021) (9,034) (1,189) (7,845)
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture operating expenses 10,071 10,149 (78) 10,582 9,921 661
Adjustments to NOI(3)
(37,396) (14,468) (22,928) (38,967) (14,314) (24,653)
Adjusted NOI $ 754,862 $ 731,110 $ 23,752 748,730 452,725 296,005
Pre-Merger legacy Physicians Realty Trust Adjusted NOI(4)
61,398 309,000 (247,602)
Less: Merger-Combined Non-SS Adjusted NOI (55,266) (30,615) (24,651)
Merger-Combined SS Adjusted NOI $ 754,862 $ 731,110 $ 23,752
Adjusted NOI % change 3.2 %
Property count(5)
506 506 524 297
End of period occupancy(6)
92.3 % 92.4 % 92.2 % 90.7 %
Average occupancy(6)
92.3 % 92.1 % 92.1 % 90.1 %
Average occupied square feet 33,407 33,320 35,726 21,531
Average annual total revenues per occupied square foot(7)
$ 36 $ 35 $ 36 $ 35
Average annual base rent per occupied square foot(8)
$ 28 $ 27 $ 29 $ 29
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(1)Merger-Combined Same-Store includes legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties that met the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store as if they were owned by the Company for the full analysis period. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store.
(2)Total Portfolio includes results of operations from disposed properties through the disposition date. 2024 Total Portfolio includes results of operations for legacy Healthpeak prior to the Closing Date and results of operations for the Combined Company after the Closing Date.
(3)Represents adjustments we make to calculate Adjusted NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI, which is used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures. Refer also to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Adjusted NOI.
(4)Represents Adjusted NOI for legacy Physicians Realty Trust properties prior to the Closing Date.
(5)From our 2023 presentation of Same-Store, we added: (i) 290 properties acquired as part of the Merger, (ii) 8 stabilized developments placed in service, (iii) 5 stabilized redevelopments placed in service, and (iv) 4 stabilized acquisitions, and we removed: (i) 72 assets that were sold and (ii) 1 asset that was classified as held for sale.
(6)Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.
(7)Average annual total revenues does not include non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).
(8)Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).
Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:
•mark-to-market lease renewals;
•higher average occupancy; and
•annual rent escalations; partially offset by
•higher operating expenses, net of savings from our internalization of property management.
Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the aforementioned impacts to Merger-Combined Same-Store and the following Merger-Combined Non-Same-Store impacts:
•Adjusted NOI from the outpatient medical buildings acquired as part of the Merger in 2024;
•increased occupancy in former redevelopment and development properties that have been placed into service; partially offset by
•business interruption proceeds received in 2023 related to a demolished asset; and
•decreased Adjusted NOI from our 2023 and 2024 dispositions.
Lab
The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars and square feet in thousands, except per square foot data):
Merger-Combined SS Total Portfolio(1)
Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change
Rental and related revenues $ 671,796 $ 644,775 $ 27,021 $ 881,452 $ 878,326 $ 3,126
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture total revenues 3,229 3,347 (118) 19,733 9,924 9,809
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture total revenues - - - (196) (619) 423
Operating expenses (184,839) (176,142) (8,697) (239,620) (229,630) (9,990)
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture operating expenses (1,800) (1,878) 78 (6,366) (4,092) (2,274)
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture operating expenses - - - 52 156 (104)
Adjustments to NOI(2)
(31,101) (34,665) 3,564 (64,449) (36,524) (27,925)
Adjusted NOI $ 457,285 $ 435,437 $ 21,848 590,606 617,541 (26,935)
Less: Merger-Combined Non-SS Adjusted NOI (133,321) (182,104) 48,783
Merger-Combined SS Adjusted NOI $ 457,285 $ 435,437 $ 21,848
Adjusted NOI % change 5.0 %
Property count(3)
104 104 139 146
End of period occupancy(4)
97.6 % 97.4 % 97.5 % 96.9 %
Average occupancy(4)
97.7 % 98.2 % 96.0 % 97.8 %
Average occupied square feet 7,719 7,759 9,665 10,524
Average annual total revenues per occupied square foot(5)
$ 84 $ 79 $ 87 $ 81
Average annual base rent per occupied square foot(6)
$ 61 $ 59 $ 66 $ 63
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(1)Total Portfolio includes results of operations from disposed properties through the disposition date.
(2)Represents adjustments we make to calculate Adjusted NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI, which is used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures. Refer also to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Adjusted NOI.
(3)From our 2023 presentation of Same-Store, we added: (i) 6 stabilized developments placed in service, (ii) 2 stabilized redevelopments placed in service, and (iii) 2 buildings that previously experienced a significant tenant relocation, and we removed: (i) 15 buildings that were placed into redevelopment and (ii) 7 assets that were sold.
(4)Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store. Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.
(5)Average annual total revenues does not include non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).
(6)Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).
Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:
•annual rent escalations; partially offset by
•higher operating expenses, net of savings from our internalization of property management; and
•lower average occupancy.
Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI decreased primarily as a result of the aforementioned impacts to Merger-Combined Same-Store and the following Merger-Combined Non-Same-Store impacts:
•decreased Adjusted NOI from our 2023 and 2024 dispositions; and
•decreased Adjusted NOI from buildings placed into development and redevelopment in 2023 and 2024.
Continuing Care Retirement Community
The following table summarizes results at and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars in thousands, except per unit data):
Merger-Combined SS Total Portfolio
Year Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change
Resident fees and services $ 567,261 $ 526,769 $ 40,492 $ 568,475 $ 527,417 $ 41,058
Government grant income(1)
- - - - 184 (184)
Operating expenses (426,922) (411,539) (15,383) (429,248) (413,472) (15,776)
Adjustments to NOI(2)
(3,122) (1,618) (1,504) (3,123) (1,618) (1,505)
Adjusted NOI $ 137,217 $ 113,612 $ 23,605 136,104 112,511 23,593
Plus (less): Merger-Combined Non-SS adjustments 1,113 1,101 12
Merger-Combined SS Adjusted NOI $ 137,217 $ 113,612 $ 23,605
Adjusted NOI % change 20.8 %
Property count(3)
15 15 15 15
Average occupancy(4)
85.4 % 83.8 % 85.4 % 83.9 %
Average occupied units(5)
6,029 5,952 6,041 5,960
Average annual rent per occupied unit $ 94,089 $ 88,503 $ 94,103 $ 88,524
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(1)Represents government grant income received under the CARES Act, which is recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)Represents adjustments we make to calculate Adjusted NOI in accordance with our definition of Adjusted NOI, which is used by our CODM to evaluate performance of our reportable segments. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information, including information reconciling our Adjusted NOI for reportable segments to income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures. Refer also to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Adjusted NOI.
(3)From our 2023 presentation of Same-Store, no properties were added or removed.
(4)Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for the definition of Merger-Combined Same-Store. Total Portfolio occupancy excludes any of the following: (i) developments, (ii) significant redevelopments, (iii) newly completed properties under lease-up, and (iv) properties held for sale.
(5)Represents average occupied units as reported by the operators for the twelve-month period.
Merger-Combined Same-Store Adjusted NOI and Total Portfolio Adjusted NOI increased primarily as a result of the following:
•increased rates for resident fees; and
•higher occupancy; partially offset by
•higher costs of compensation and property management, food, and other operating expenses.
Other Income and Expense Items
The following table summarizes the results of our other income and expense items for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change
Interest income and other $ 44,778 $ 21,781 $ 22,997
Interest expense 280,430 200,331 80,099
Depreciation and amortization 1,057,205 749,901 307,304
General and administrative 97,162 95,132 2,030
Transaction and merger-related costs 132,685 17,515 115,170
Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net 22,978 (5,601) 28,579
Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net 178,695 86,463 92,232
Other income (expense), net 59,345 6,808 52,537
Income tax benefit (expense) (4,350) 9,617 (13,967)
Equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures (1,515) 10,204 (11,719)
Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations (24,161) (28,748) 4,587
Interest income and other
Interest income and other increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) mezzanine and secured loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger and (ii) seller financing provided in connection with the disposition of 61 outpatient medical buildings during 2024, partially offset by principal repayments on loans receivable in 2023 and 2024.
Interest expense
Interest expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) debt assumed as part of the Merger, including $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, $400 million aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Term Loan, and $128 million aggregate principal amount of mortgage debt, (ii) borrowings under the 2029 Term Loan, which closed in March 2024, and (iii) senior unsecured notes issued in January and May 2023, partially offset by lower borrowings on the commercial paper program.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) assets acquired as part of the Merger and (ii) development and redevelopment projects placed in service during 2023 and 2024, partially offset by: (i) assets placed into development and redevelopment in 2023 and 2024 and (ii) dispositions of real estate in 2023 and 2024.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of increased compensation, travel, information technology, and other costs incurred as a result of a higher headcount, partially offset by merger-related synergies and lower corporate office rent expense.
Transaction and merger-related costs
Transaction and merger-related costs increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of advisory, legal, accounting, tax, post-combination severance and stock compensation expense, and other costs of combining operations with Physicians Realty Trust that were incurred in connection with the Merger, partially offset by: (i) merger-related costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023 and (ii) expenses incurred in connection with our reorganization to an UPREIT structure in 2023.
Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net
Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) impairment charges associated with an asset impaired under the held for sale model and (ii) an increase in loan loss reserves under the current expected credit losses model, which is primarily due to reserves recognized on secured loans and mezzanine loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger.
Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net
Gain on sales of real estate, net increased during the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of the $179 million gain on sales from: (i) a portfolio of 61 outpatient medical buildings sold for proceeds of $697 million, (ii) 14 outpatient medical buildings sold for proceeds of $220 million, (iii) a portfolio of seven lab buildings sold for proceeds of $180 million, and (vi) a portfolio comprised of a land parcel and various vacant buildings on certain of the Company’s CCRC campuses sold for proceeds of $12 million, which were sold during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the $81 million gain on sales from: (i) two lab buildings in Durham, North Carolina sold for proceeds of $113 million and (ii) two outpatient medical buildings sold for proceeds of $32 million, which were sold during the year ended December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding dispositions of real estate and the associated gain (loss) on sales recognized.
Other income (expense), net
Other income increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024, partially offset by casualty-related losses from Hurricane Milton during the fourth quarter of 2024.
Income tax benefit (expense)
Income tax expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of: (i) income tax expense incurred in connection with the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California to a third-party in January 2024 and (ii) an increase in operating income associated with our CCRCs, partially offset by the tax impact of casualty-related losses from Hurricane Milton.
Equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures
Equity income from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of losses on unconsolidated joint ventures acquired as part of the Merger, partially offset by increased income from the South San Francisco JVs.
Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations
Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations decreased for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of a gain on sale of an outpatient medical building in a consolidated joint venture in the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by increased income from consolidated joint ventures acquired as part of the Merger.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We anticipate that our cash flows from operations, available cash balances, and cash from our various financing activities will be adequate for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future for purposes of: (i) funding recurring operating expenses; (ii) meeting debt service requirements; and (iii) satisfying funding of distributions to our stockholders and non-controlling interest members. Distributions are made using a combination of cash flows from operations, funds available under our bank line of credit (the “Revolving Facility”) and commercial paper program, proceeds from the sale of properties, and other sources of cash available to us.
In addition to funding the activities above, our principal liquidity needs for the next 12 months are to:
•fund capital expenditures, including tenant improvements and leasing costs; and
•fund future acquisition, transactional, and development and redevelopment activities.
Our longer term liquidity needs include the items listed above as well as meeting debt service requirements.
We anticipate satisfying these future needs using one or more of the following:
•cash flows from operations;
•sale of, or exchange of ownership interests in, properties or other investments;
•borrowings under our Revolving Facility and commercial paper program;
•issuance of additional debt, including unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt; and/or
•issuance of common or preferred stock or its equivalent, including sales of common stock under the ATM Program (as defined below).
Our ability to access the capital markets impacts our cost of capital and ability to refinance maturing indebtedness, as well as our ability to fund future acquisitions and development through the issuance of additional securities or secured debt. Credit ratings impact our ability to access capital and directly impact our cost of capital as well. Our 2029 Term Loan, our two senior unsecured delayed draw term loans with an aggregate principal amount of $500 million (the “2027 Term Loans”), our 2028 Term Loan, and our Revolving Facility accrue interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a margin that depends on the credit ratings of our senior unsecured long-term debt. We also pay a facility fee on the entire commitment under our Revolving Facility that depends upon our credit ratings. As of January 31, 2025, we had long-term credit ratings of Baa1 from Moody’s and BBB+ from S&P Global, and short-term credit ratings of P-2 from Moody’s and A-2 from S&P Global.
A downgrade in credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P Global may have a negative impact on (i) the interest rates of our Revolving Facility, 2027 Term Loans, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan, (ii) facility fees for our Revolving Facility, and (iii) the pricing of notes issued under our commercial paper program and senior unsecured notes. While a downgrade in our credit ratings would adversely impact our cost of borrowing, we believe we would continue to have access to the unsecured debt markets, and we could also seek to enter into one or more secured debt financings, issue additional securities, including under our ATM Program, or dispose of certain assets to fund future operating costs, capital expenditures, or acquisitions, although no assurances can be made in this regard. Refer to “Market Trends and Uncertainties” above for a more comprehensive discussion of the potential impact of economic and market conditions on our business.
Material Cash Requirements
Our material cash requirements include the below contractual and other obligations.
Debt. As of December 31, 2024, we had total debt of $8.7 billion, including notes outstanding under our commercial paper program, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt. Of our total debt, the total amount payable within twelve months is comprised of $800 million of senior unsecured notes and $7 million of mortgage debt. Commercial paper borrowings are backstopped by the availability under our Revolving Facility. As such, we calculate the weighted average remaining term of our commercial paper borrowings using the maturity date of our Revolving Facility. Future interest payments associated with borrowings under our senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt total $1.5 billion, $304 million of which are payable within twelve months. Future interest payments associated with commercial paper borrowings payable within the next twelve months total $7 million, assuming no change in interest rates and borrowings remain outstanding for the next twelve months.
Development and redevelopment commitments. Our development and redevelopment commitments represent construction and other commitments for development and redevelopment projects in progress and includes certain allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements that we have provided as a lessor. As of December 31, 2024, we had $199 million of development and redevelopment commitments, all of which we expect to spend within the next twelve months.
Lease and other contractual commitments. Our lease and other contractual commitments represent our commitments, as lessor, under signed leases and contracts for operating properties and include allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements and leasing commissions. These commitments exclude allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements related to developments and redevelopments in progress for which we have executed an agreement with a general contractor to complete the tenant improvements, which are recognized as development and redevelopment commitments and are discussed further above. As of December 31, 2024, we had total lease and other contractual commitments of $85 million, $83 million of which we expect to spend within the next twelve months.
Construction loan commitments. As of December 31, 2024, we are obligated to provide additional loans up to $85 million to fund outpatient medical capital expenditure projects, which extend through 2028. As a result of the repayment of a secured loan in January 2025, this remaining commitment was reduced to $67 million. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Ground and other operating lease commitments. Our ground and other operating lease commitments represent our commitments as lessee under signed operating leases. As of December 31, 2024, we had total ground and other operating lease commitments of $834 million, $22 million of which are payable within twelve months. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Redeemable noncontrolling interests. As of December 31, 2024, we have one redeemable noncontrolling interest and the redemption value of our redeemable noncontrolling interest was $3 million. Our noncontrolling interest holder has the ability to put their equity interest to us beginning in September 2025. The put option is subject to changes in redemption value in the event that the underlying property generates specified returns for us and meets certain promote thresholds pursuant to the respective agreement. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Distribution and Dividend Requirements. Our dividend policy on our common stock is to distribute a percentage of our cash flow to ensure that we meet the dividend requirements of the Code, relative to maintaining our REIT status, while still allowing us to retain cash to fund capital improvements and other investment activities. Under the Code, REITs may be subject to certain federal income and excise taxes on undistributed taxable income. We paid quarterly common stock cash dividends of $0.30 per share in 2024. In February 2025, our Board of Directors declared an increase in the quarterly common stock cash dividend, from $0.30 to $0.305 per share. Our future common stock cash dividends, if and as declared, may vary and will be determined by the Board based upon the circumstances prevailing at the time, including our financial condition.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We own interests in certain unconsolidated joint ventures as described in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Four of these joint ventures have aggregate mortgage debt of $845 million, of which our share is $187 million. Except in limited circumstances, our risk of loss is limited to our investment in the applicable joint venture. Additionally, as of December 31, 2024, we had 15 outstanding letter of credit obligations totaling $12 million expiring in 2025 and one outstanding letter of credit obligation of $100 thousand expiring in 2026. We have no other material off-balance sheet arrangements that we expect would materially affect our liquidity and capital resources.
Inflation
A significant portion of our revenues are derived from leases that generally provide for fixed rental rates, subject to annual escalations. A period of high inflation could result in increases in the Consumer Price Index in excess of our fixed annual escalations. Certain of our leases provide that annual rent is modified based on changes in the Consumer Price Index or other thresholds.
Most of our outpatient medical leases require the tenant to pay a share of property operating costs such as real estate taxes, insurance, and utilities. Substantially all of our lab leases require the tenant or operator to pay all of the property operating costs or reimburse us for all such costs.
Labor costs, costs of construction materials, interest, utilities, and other operating costs may increase during periods of inflation. Inflationary increases in expenses will generally be offset, in whole or in part, by the tenant expense reimbursements and contractual rent increases described above.
Cash Flow Summary
The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the periods presented below.
The following table sets forth changes in cash flows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 1,070,497 $ 956,242 $ 114,255
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (113,799) (576,754) 462,955
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (941,416) (337,299) (604,117)
Operating Cash Flows
Our cash flows from operations are dependent upon the occupancy levels of our buildings, rental rates on leases, our tenants’ performance on their lease obligations, the level of operating expenses, and other factors. Our net cash provided by operating activities increased $114 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of: (i) an increase in Adjusted NOI from properties acquired as part of the Merger, (ii) developments and redevelopments placed in service during 2023 and 2024, (iii) annual rent increases, and (iv) new leasing and renewal activity. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by: (i) an increase in merger-related costs and (ii) an increase in cash paid for interest.
Investing Cash Flows
Our cash flows from investing activities are generally used to fund acquisitions, developments, and redevelopments of real estate, net of proceeds received from sales of real estate, and repayments on loans receivable. Our net cash used in investing activities decreased $463 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of the following: (i) an increase in proceeds from sales of real estate, (ii) a reduction in cash used for development and redevelopment of real estate, (iii) proceeds received from the Callan Ridge JV transaction, (iv) a reduction in investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, and (v) a reduction in cash used for acquisitions of real estate. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was partially offset by: (i) cash paid in connection with the Merger, (ii) a decrease in proceeds from principal repayments on loans receivable and marketable debt securities, (iii) an increase in fundings of loans receivable, and (iv) a decrease in proceeds received from insurance recoveries.
Financing Cash Flows
Our cash flows from financing activities are generally impacted by issuances and/or repurchases of equity, borrowings and repayments under our bank line of credit and commercial paper program, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgage debt, net of dividends paid to common shareholders. Our net cash used in financing activities increased $604 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily as a result of the following: (i) higher net repayments under the commercial paper program, (ii) repurchases of common stock under our 2022 Share Repurchase Program, (iii) an increase in dividends paid on common stock, (iv) cash used to buy out four redeemable noncontrolling interests in April 2024, and (v) an increase in payments for deferred financing costs. The increase in cash used in financing activities was partially offset by lower repayments of mortgage debt.
Discontinued Operations
Operating, investing, and financing cash flows in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are reported inclusive of both cash flows from continuing operations and cash flows from discontinued operations. Certain significant cash flows from discontinued operations are disclosed in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Debt
In December 2024, we amended our Revolving Facility to extend the maturity date to January 2029, which may be further extended pursuant to two six-month extension options, subject to certain customary conditions.
On March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, we assumed the following debt instruments: (i) $1.25 billion aggregate principal of senior unsecured notes, (ii) the $400 million 2028 Term Loan, and (iii) $128 million aggregate principal of mortgage debt. Additionally, on March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, we executed the $750 million 2029 Term Loan, which is an incremental facility under our existing term loan agreement.
In January 2024, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively established a fixed interest rate for the 2029 Term Loan at a blended effective interest rate of 4.66%. Additionally, on March 1, 2024, in connection with the consummation of the Merger, we acquired: (i) three interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively establish a fixed interest rate for the 2028 Term Loan at a blended effective interest rate of 4.44% and (ii) one interest rate swap instrument on $36 million of variable rate mortgage debt that was designated as a cash flow hedge prior to the maturity of the interest rate swap instrument in October 2024.
See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our outstanding debt.
Approximately 97% and 90% of our consolidated debt was fixed rate debt as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt had weighted average effective interest rates of 4.04% and 5.56%, respectively. At December 31, 2023, our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt had weighted average effective interest rates of 3.70% and 5.72%, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had the following swapped to fixed rates through interest rate swap instruments: (i) the $750 million 2029 Term Loan, (ii) the $500 million 2027 Term Loans, (iii) the $400 million 2028 Term Loan, and (iv) $142 million of variable rate mortgage debt. These interest rate swap instruments are designated as cash flow hedges. For purposes of classification of the amounts above, variable rate debt with a derivative financial instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is reported as fixed rate debt due to us having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instrument. For a more detailed discussion of our interest rate risk, see “Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” below.
Supplemental Guarantor Information
Healthpeak OP has issued the senior unsecured notes issued by Healthpeak prior to the consummation of the Merger as described in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The obligations of Healthpeak OP to pay principal, premiums, if any, and interest on such senior unsecured notes are guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by the Company, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP Sub. Additionally, DOC DR OP Sub is the issuer, as successor to the Physicians Partnership upon the Merger, of the senior unsecured notes issued by the Physicians Partnership prior to, and assumed by Healthpeak as part of, the Merger as described in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The obligations of DOC DR OP Sub to pay principal, premiums, if any, and interest on such senior unsecured notes are guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by the Company, Healthpeak OP, and DOC DR Holdco.
Subsidiary issuers of obligations guaranteed by the parent are not required to provide separate financial statements, provided that the parent guarantee is “full and unconditional”, the subsidiary obligor is a consolidated subsidiary of the parent company, the guaranteed security is debt or debt-like, and consolidated financial statements of the parent company have been filed. Accordingly, separate consolidated financial statements of Healthpeak OP, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP Sub have not been presented.
As permitted under Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X, we have excluded the summarized financial information for the Company, Healthpeak OP, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP because the Company, Healthpeak OP, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP have no material assets, liabilities, or operations other than the debt financing activities described in the first paragraph of Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and their investments in non-guarantor subsidiaries, and management believes such summarized financial information would be repetitive and would not provide incremental value to investors.
Equity
At December 31, 2024, we had 699 million shares of common stock outstanding, equity totaled $9.1 billion, and our equity securities had a market value of $14.5 billion.
The Merger
Pursuant to the terms set forth in the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, each outstanding share of Physicians Realty Trust (other than Physicians Realty Trust common shares that were canceled in accordance with the Merger Agreement) automatically converted into the right to receive 0.674 shares of our common stock. Based on the number of outstanding Physicians Realty Trust common shares as of the Closing Date, we issued 162 million shares of our common stock. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Merger.
At-The-Market Program
In February 2023, in connection with the Reorganization, we terminated our previous at-the-market equity offering program and established a new at-the-market equity offering program (the “ATM Program”) that allows for the sale of shares of common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $1.5 billion. The ATM Program was amended in March 2024 to contemplate the sale of the remaining shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on February 8, 2024. In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock, we may also enter into one or more forward sales agreements (each, an “ATM forward contract”) with sales agents for the sale of our shares of common stock under our ATM Program.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we did not issue any shares of our common stock under any ATM program.
At December 31, 2024, $1.5 billion of our common stock remained available for sale under the ATM Program. Actual future sales of our common stock will depend upon a variety of factors, including but not limited to market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, and our capital needs. We have no obligation to sell any shares under our ATM Program.
See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our ATM Program.
Noncontrolling Interests
Healthpeak OP. Immediately following the Reorganization, Healthpeak Properties, Inc. was the initial sole member and 100% owner of Healthpeak OP. Subsequent to the Reorganization, certain of our employees (“OP Unitholders”) have been issued noncontrolling, non-managing member units in Healthpeak OP (“OP Units”). During the three months ended March 31, 2024, OP Unitholders were issued approximately 2 million OP Units. When certain conditions are met, the OP Unitholders have the right to require redemption of part or all of their OP Units for cash or shares of our common stock, at our option as managing member of Healthpeak OP. The per unit redemption amount is equal to either one share of our common stock or cash equal to the fair value of a share of common stock at the time of redemption. We classify the OP Units in permanent equity because we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue shares of our common stock to OP Unitholders who choose to redeem their OP Units rather than using cash. As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 3 million OP Units outstanding, 76 thousand of which had met the criteria for redemption.
DownREITs. During the year ended December 31, 2024, in connection with the Merger, Physicians Partnership merged with and into DOC DR OP Sub with DOC DR OP Sub surviving as the Partnership Surviving Entity. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 6 million DownREIT units in the Partnership Surviving Entity were outstanding (6 million shares of Healthpeak common stock are issuable upon conversion). Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Merger.
At December 31, 2024, non-managing members held an aggregate of approximately 11 million units in eight limited liability companies for which we hold controlling interests and/or are the managing member. The DownREIT units are exchangeable for an amount of cash approximating the then-current market value of shares of our common stock or, at our option, shares of our common stock (subject to certain adjustments, such as stock splits and reclassifications). At December 31, 2024, the outstanding DownREIT units were convertible into approximately 14 million shares of our common stock.
Share Repurchase Programs
On August 1, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which we could acquire shares of our common stock in the open market up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million (the “2022 Share Repurchase Program”). Purchases of common stock under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program could be exercised at our discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. Through July 24, 2024, we repurchased 10.5 million shares of our common stock under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of $17.98 per share for a total of $188 million.
On July 24, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program (the “2024 Share Repurchase Program”) to supersede and replace the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. Upon adoption of the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, no further share repurchases may be made pursuant to the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. Under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, we may acquire shares of our common stock in the open market or other similar purchase techniques (including in compliance with the safe harbor provisions of Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act or pursuant to one or more plans adopted under Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act), up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million. Purchases of common stock under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program may be exercised at our discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. The 2024 Share Repurchase Program expires in July 2026 and may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. As of December 31, 2024, no shares have been repurchased under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program. Therefore, at December 31, 2024, $500 million of the Company’s common stock remained available for repurchase under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program.
Shelf Registration
On February 8, 2024, the Company and Healthpeak OP jointly filed a prospectus with the SEC as part of a registration statement on Form S-3, using an automatic shelf registration process. This shelf registration statement expires on February 8, 2027 and at or prior to such time, we expect to file a new shelf registration statement. Under the “shelf” process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in the prospectus through one or more offerings. The securities described in the prospectus include future offerings of: (i) the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, debt securities, and guarantees by the Company of debt securities issued by Healthpeak OP and/or by the Company’s existing and future subsidiaries, and (ii) Healthpeak OP’s debt securities and guarantees by Healthpeak OP of debt securities issued by the Company and/or by Healthpeak OP’s existing and future subsidiaries.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures Reconciliations
The following is a reconciliation from net income (loss) applicable to common shares, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Nareit FFO, FFO as Adjusted, and AFFO (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 242,384 $ 304,284 $ 497,792
Real estate related depreciation and amortization 1,057,205 749,901 710,569
Healthpeak’s share of real estate related depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures 44,961 24,800 27,691
Noncontrolling interests’ share of real estate related depreciation and amortization (18,328) (18,654) (19,201)
Loss (gain) on sales of depreciable real estate, net (178,695) (86,463) (10,422)
Healthpeak’s share of loss (gain) on sales of depreciable real estate, net, from unconsolidated joint ventures - - 134
Noncontrolling interests’ share of gain (loss) on sales of depreciable real estate, net - 11,546 12
Loss (gain) upon change of control, net(1)
(77,548) (234) (311,438)
Taxes associated with real estate dispositions(2)
9,633 - 29
Impairments (recoveries) of depreciable real estate, net 13,118 - -
Nareit FFO applicable to common shares 1,092,730 985,180 895,166
Distributions on dilutive convertible units and other 16,211 9,394 9,407
Diluted Nareit FFO applicable to common shares $ 1,108,941 $ 994,574 $ 904,573
Impact of adjustments to Nareit FFO:
Transaction and merger-related items(3)
$ 115,105 $ 13,835 $ 4,788
Other impairments (recoveries) and other losses (gains), net(4)
9,381 (3,850) 3,829
Restructuring and severance-related charges(5)
- 1,368 32,749
Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net(6)
25,848 (4,033) 4,401
Recognition (reversal) of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets(7)
(11,196) (14,194) -
Total adjustments $ 139,138 $ (6,874) $ 45,767
FFO as Adjusted applicable to common shares $ 1,231,868 $ 978,306 $ 940,933
Distributions on dilutive convertible units and other 16,061 9,402 9,326
Diluted FFO as Adjusted applicable to common shares $ 1,247,929 $ 987,708 $ 950,259
FFO as Adjusted applicable to common shares $ 1,231,868 $ 978,306 $ 940,933
Stock-based compensation amortization expense 15,543 14,480 16,537
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts (premiums) 28,974 11,916 10,881
Straight-line rents(8)
(41,276) (14,387) (49,183)
AFFO capital expenditures (115,784) (113,596) (108,510)
CCRC entrance fees(9)
53,697 43,453 22,095
Deferred income taxes 6,176 (816) (4,096)
Amortization of above (below) market lease intangibles, net (30,755) (25,791) (23,380)
Other AFFO adjustments (7,778) (9,335) 520
AFFO applicable to common shares 1,140,665 884,230 805,797
Distributions on dilutive convertible units and other 16,211 6,581 6,594
Diluted AFFO applicable to common shares(9)
$ 1,156,876 $ 890,811 $ 812,391
Refer to footnotes on the next page.
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(1)The year ended December 31, 2024 includes a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California. The year ended December 31, 2022 includes a gain upon change of control related to the sale of a 30% interest to a sovereign wealth fund and deconsolidation of seven previously consolidated lab buildings in South San Francisco, California. Gains upon change of control are included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)The year ended December 31, 2024 includes non-cash income tax expense related to the sale of a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California, partially offset by income tax benefit related to the disposition of a portfolio comprised of a land parcel and various vacant buildings on certain of our CCRC campuses.
(3)The years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include costs related to the Merger, which are primarily comprised of advisory, legal, accounting, tax, post-combination severance and stock compensation expense, and other costs of combining operations with Physicians Realty Trust that were incurred during the years then ended. These costs were partially offset by termination fee income during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 associated with Graphite Bio, Inc., which later merged with LENZ Therapeutics, Inc. in March 2024, for which the lease terms were modified to accelerate expiration of the lease to December 2024. Termination fee income is included in rental and related revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, but is excluded from FFO as Adjusted.
(4)The year ended December 31, 2022 includes the following: (i) $7 million of charges incurred in connection with the downsizing of our corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) $14 million of expenses incurred for tenant relocation and other costs associated with the demolition of an outpatient medical building, which are included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and (iii) a $23 million gain on sale of a hospital under a DFL, which is included in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 include reserves and (recoveries) for expected loan losses recognized in impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(5)The year ended December 31, 2022 includes $32 million of severance-related charges associated with the departures of our former Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel in the fourth quarter of 2022. These expenses are included in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(6)During the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred casualty-related charges associated with Hurricane Milton. Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net are recognized in other income (expense), net, equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, and noncontrolling interests’ share in earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(7)The year ended December 31, 2024 includes the release of a valuation allowance and recognition of a corresponding income tax benefit in connection with a merger of certain taxable REIT subsidiaries. During the year ended December 31, 2023, in conjunction with classifying the assets related to the Callan Ridge JV (see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) as held for sale as of December 31, 2023, we concluded it was more likely than not that we would realize the future value of certain deferred tax assets generated by the net operating losses of taxable REIT subsidiaries. Accordingly, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized the reversal of a portion of the associated valuation allowance and recognized a corresponding income tax benefit. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(8)The year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $9 million write-off of straight-line rent receivable associated with Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., which commenced voluntary reorganization proceedings under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. This activity is reflected as a reduction of rental and related revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(9)During the year ended December 31, 2024, we changed our definition of AFFO to adjust for the non-refundable entrance fees collected in excess of (less than) the related amortization as we believe the cash collection of these fees is a more meaningful representation of the performance of the CCRC reportable segment in the determination of AFFO. Diluted AFFO applicable to common shares utilizing the prior definition for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $1.10 billion, $847.4 million, and $790.3 million, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to use judgment in the application of critical accounting estimates and assumptions. We base estimates on the best information available to us at the time, our experience, and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates could affect our financial position or results of operations. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions or other matters had been different, it is possible that different accounting would have been applied, resulting in a different presentation of our consolidated financial statements. From time to time, we re-evaluate our estimates and assumptions. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current estimates and assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Below is a discussion of accounting estimates that we consider critical in that they may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. For a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies, including those related to critical accounting estimates further discussed below, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Business Combinations
For a real estate acquisition accounted for as a business combination, we allocate the acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is accounted for as goodwill. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.
We make estimates as part of our process for allocating acquisition consideration to the various identifiable assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests based upon the relative fair value of each asset, liability, or noncontrolling interest. These fair values are determined using standard valuation methodologies, such as the cost, market, and income approach. These methodologies require various assumptions, including those of a market participant. We utilize available market information in our assessment, such as capitalization and discount rates and comparable sale transactions. The most significant components of our allocations are typically buildings as-if-vacant, land, and lease intangibles. In the case of allocating fair value to buildings and intangibles, our fair value estimates will affect the amount of depreciation and amortization we record over the estimated useful life of each asset acquired. In the case of allocating fair value to in-place leases, we make our best estimates based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. Our assumptions affect the amount of future revenue and/or depreciation and amortization expense that we will recognize over the remaining useful life for the acquired in-place leases.
Our fair value estimates for loans receivable and debt consider market-based information, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active (markets with few transactions), inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.) and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs). Our fair value estimates for joint ventures consider ownership interests, subordination characteristics, redemption values, discounts for lack of control (as applicable), and hypothetical liquidation waterfalls.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We assess the carrying value of our real estate assets and related intangibles (“real estate assets”) when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of real estate assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the real estate assets to the respective estimated future undiscounted cash flows. The expected future undiscounted cash flows reflect external market factors, and based on the specific facts and circumstances, may be probability-weighted to reflect multiple possible cash-flow scenarios, including selling the assets at various points in the future. Additionally, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are calculated utilizing the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. In order to review our real estate assets for recoverability, we make assumptions regarding external market conditions (including capitalization rates and growth rates), forecasted cash flows and sales prices, and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the asset. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the real estate assets is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the real estate assets.
Determining the fair value of real estate assets, including assets classified as held for sale, involves significant judgment and generally utilizes market capitalization rates, comparable market transactions, estimated per unit or per square foot prices, negotiations with prospective buyers, and forecasted cash flows (primarily lease revenue rates, expense rates, and growth rates). Our ability to accurately predict future operating results and resulting cash flows, and estimate fair values, impacts the timing and recognition of impairments. While we believe our assumptions are reasonable, changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the impact of new accounting standards.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to various market risks, primarily from the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates. We use derivative and other financial instruments in the normal course of business to mitigate interest rate risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. Derivatives are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value (see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
To illustrate the effect of movements in the interest rate markets, we performed a market sensitivity analysis on our hedging instruments. We applied various basis point spreads to the underlying interest rate curves of our derivative portfolio in order to determine the change in fair value. At December 31, 2024, a one percentage point increase or decrease in the underlying interest rate curve would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in the fair value of the derivative instruments by up to $53 million.
Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2024, our exposure to interest rate risk was primarily on our variable rate debt. At December 31, 2024, we had the following swapped to fixed rates through interest rate swap instruments: (i) the $750 million 2029 Term Loan, (ii) the $500 million 2027 Term Loans, (iii) the $400 million 2028 Term Loan, and (iv) $142 million of variable rate mortgage debt. The interest rate swap instruments are designated as cash flow hedges, with the objective of managing the exposure to interest rate risk by converting the interest rates on our variable rate debt to fixed interest rates. At December 31, 2024, both the fair value and carrying value of the interest rate swap instruments were $35 million.
Our remaining variable rate debt at December 31, 2024 was comprised of borrowings under our commercial paper program and certain of our mortgage debt. Interest rate fluctuations will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows on our fixed rate debt and assets until their maturity or earlier prepayment and refinancing. If interest rates have risen at the time we seek to refinance our fixed rate debt, whether at maturity or otherwise, our future earnings and cash flows could be adversely affected by additional borrowing costs. Conversely, lower interest rates at the time of refinancing may reduce our overall borrowing costs. Interest rate changes will affect the fair value of our fixed rate instruments. At December 31, 2024, a one percentage point increase in interest rates would decrease the fair value of our fixed rate debt by approximately $241 million and a one percentage point decrease in interest rates would increase the fair value of our fixed rate debt by approximately $259 million. Additionally, at December 31, 2024, a one percentage point increase or decrease in interest rates would change the fair value of our fixed rate loans receivable by approximately $15 million. These changes would not materially impact earnings or cash flows. Conversely, changes in interest rates on variable rate debt would change our future earnings and cash flows, but not materially impact the fair value of those instruments. Assuming a one percentage point increase in the interest rates related to our variable rate debt, and assuming no other changes in the outstanding balance at December 31, 2024, our annual interest expense would increase by approximately $3 million. Lastly, assuming a one percentage point decrease in the interest rates related to our variable rate loans receivable, and assuming no other changes in the outstanding balance at December 31, 2024, our annual interest income would decrease by approximately $1 million.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)
Consolidated Balance Sheets-December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations-for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)-for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests-for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows-for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets of Healthpeak Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related Consolidated Statements of Operations, Comprehensive Income (Loss), Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, and Cash Flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related Notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 4, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Impairments - Real Estate - Refer to Notes 2 and 6 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company’s evaluation of impairment of real estate involves an assessment of the carrying value of real estate assets and related intangibles (“real estate assets”) when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Auditing the Company’s process to evaluate real estate assets for impairment was complex due to the subjectivity in determining whether impairment indicators were present. Additionally, for real estate assets where indicators of impairment were determined to be present, the determination of the future undiscounted cash flows involved significant judgment. In particular, the undiscounted cash flows were forecasted based on significant assumptions such as lease-up periods, lease revenue rates, operating expenses, and revenue and expense growth rates, and included judgments around the intended hold period and terminal capitalization rates.
Given the Company’s evaluation of impairment indicators, forecasted cash flows, and sales prices of a long-lived asset requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to market capitalization rates, market prices per unit, and/or forecasted cash flows, performing audit procedures required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to real estate asset impairment included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over impairment of real estate assets, including those over identifying impairment indicators, and the determination of forecasted undiscounted cash flows and sales prices for real estate assets.
•We performed an independent search for impairment indicators through the evaluation of several factors including an analysis of industry and market data and trends in financial performance.
•For real estate assets where indicators of impairment were determined to be present, we subjected a sample of undiscounted cash flow models to testing by (1) evaluating the source information and assumptions used by management, (2) testing the mathematical accuracy of the undiscounted cash flow models, and (3) evaluating management’s intended hold period.
Business Combination - Physicians Realty Trust Merger Valuation - Refer to Notes 2 and 3 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company completed the acquisition of Physicians Realty Trust on March 1, 2024 for total consideration of $3.0 billion. The Company accounted for this acquisition as a business combination. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests based on their relative fair values, including approximately $3.7 billion of consolidated real estate, $891 million in related intangible assets, and $150 million in related intangible liabilities. The fair value determination of the real estate assets acquired and liabilities assumed required management to make significant estimates related to assumptions such as market land values, discount rates, capitalization rates, costs to execute similar leases, and fair market lease rates.
Given the fair value determination of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions such as market land values, discount rates, capitalization rates, costs to execute similar leases, and fair market lease rates, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of these assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the fair value of real estate assets acquired and liabilities assumed included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the purchase price allocation, including management’s controls over the identification of real estate assets, and the valuation methodology for estimating the fair value of real estate assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology, (2) relevant market data, and (3) assumptions used in the valuation of land, buildings, and related intangible assets and liabilities, including testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and comparing management’s assumptions to independently validated data sources used by market participants.
•We assessed the accuracy and completeness of the underlying data used in the valuation of land, buildings, and related intangible assets and liabilities including in-place lease agreements, square footage, and historical operating data.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Costa Mesa, California
February 4, 2025
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
December 31,
2024 2023
ASSETS
Real estate:
Buildings and improvements $ 16,115,283 $ 13,329,464
Development costs and construction in progress 880,393 643,217
Land and improvements 2,918,758 2,647,633
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (4,083,030) (3,591,951)
Net real estate 15,831,404 13,028,363
Loans receivable, net of reserves of $10,499 and $2,830
717,190 218,450
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures 936,814 782,853
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2,243 and $2,282
76,810 55,820
Cash and cash equivalents 119,818 117,635
Restricted cash 64,487 51,388
Intangible assets, net 817,254 314,156
Assets held for sale, net 7,840 117,986
Right-of-use asset, net 424,173 240,155
Other assets, net 942,465 772,044
Total assets $ 19,938,255 $ 15,698,850
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Bank line of credit and commercial paper $ 150,000 $ 720,000
Term loans 1,646,043 496,824
Senior unsecured notes 6,563,256 5,403,378
Mortgage debt 356,750 256,097
Intangible liabilities, net 191,884 127,380
Liabilities related to assets held for sale, net - 729
Lease liability 307,220 206,743
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities 725,342 657,196
Deferred revenue 940,136 905,633
Total liabilities 10,880,631 8,773,980
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 2,610 48,828
Common stock, $1.00 par value: 1,500,000,000 and 750,000,000 shares authorized; 699,485,139 and 547,156,311 shares issued and outstanding
699,485 547,156
Additional paid-in capital 12,847,252 10,405,780
Cumulative dividends in excess of earnings (5,174,279) (4,621,861)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 28,818 19,371
Total stockholders’ equity 8,401,276 6,350,446
Joint venture partners 315,821 310,998
Non-managing member unitholders 337,917 214,598
Total noncontrolling interests 653,738 525,596
Total equity 9,055,014 6,876,042
Total liabilities and equity $ 19,938,255 $ 15,698,850
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Revenues:
Rental and related revenues $ 2,087,196 $ 1,631,805 $ 1,541,775
Resident fees and services 568,475 527,417 494,935
Interest income and other 44,778 21,781 23,300
Income from direct financing leases - - 1,168
Total revenues 2,700,449 2,181,003 2,061,178
Costs and expenses:
Interest expense 280,430 200,331 172,944
Depreciation and amortization 1,057,205 749,901 710,569
Operating 1,074,861 902,060 862,991
General and administrative 97,162 95,132 131,033
Transaction and merger-related costs 132,685 17,515 4,853
Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net 22,978 (5,601) 7,004
Total costs and expenses 2,665,321 1,959,338 1,889,394
Other income (expense):
Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net 178,695 86,463 9,078
Other income (expense), net 59,345 6,808 326,268
Total other income (expense), net 238,040 93,271 335,346
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures 273,168 314,936 507,130
Income tax benefit (expense) (4,350) 9,617 4,425
Equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures (1,515) 10,204 1,985
Income (loss) from continuing operations 267,303 334,757 513,540
Income (loss) from discontinued operations - - 2,884
Net income (loss) 267,303 334,757 516,424
Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations (24,161) (28,748) (15,975)
Net income (loss) attributable to Healthpeak Properties, Inc. 243,142 306,009 500,449
Participating securities’ share in earnings (758) (1,725) (2,657)
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 242,384 $ 304,284 $ 497,792
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
Continuing operations $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
Discontinued operations - - 0.00
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Continuing operations $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
Discontinued operations - - 0.00
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 675,680 547,006 538,809
Diluted 676,233 547,275 539,147
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net income (loss) $ 267,303 $ 334,757 $ 516,424
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives 9,462 (8,900) 30,145
Change in Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan obligation and other (15) 137 1,136
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 9,447 (8,763) 31,281
Total comprehensive income (loss) 276,750 325,994 547,705
Total comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations (24,161) (28,748) (15,975)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Healthpeak Properties, Inc. $ 252,589 $ 297,246 $ 531,730
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(In thousands, except per share data)
Common Stock
Shares Amount Additional
Paid-In
Capital Cumulative Dividends In Excess
Of Earnings Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Total
Stockholders’
Equity Total Noncontrolling
Interests Total
Equity Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
December 31, 2021 539,097 $ 539,097 $ 10,100,294 $ (4,120,774) $ (3,147) $ 6,515,470 $ 543,290 $ 7,058,760 $ 87,344
Net income (loss) - - - 500,449 - 500,449 15,876 516,325 99
Other comprehensive income (loss) - - - - 31,281 31,281 - 31,281 -
Issuance of common stock, net 9,936 9,936 299,481 - - 309,417 - 309,417 -
Conversion of DownREIT units to common stock 27 27 853 - - 880 (880) - -
Repurchase of common stock (2,418) (2,418) (65,420) - - (67,838) - (67,838) -
Stock-based compensation - - 31,412 - - 31,412 - 31,412 -
Common dividends ($1.20 per share)
- - - (649,364) - (649,364) - (649,364) -
Distributions to noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (30,389) (30,389) (160)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests - - - - - - - - 1,390
Adjustments to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests - - (17,006) - - (17,006) - (17,006) 17,006
December 31, 2022 546,642 $ 546,642 $ 10,349,614 $ (4,269,689) $ 28,134 $ 6,654,701 $ 527,897 $ 7,182,598 $ 105,679
Net income (loss) - - - 306,009 - 306,009 28,111 334,120 637
Other comprehensive income (loss) - - - - (8,763) (8,763) - (8,763) -
Issuance of common stock, net 683 683 755 - - 1,438 - 1,438 -
Conversion of DownREIT units to common stock 72 72 1,200 - - 1,272 (1,272) - -
Repurchase of common stock (241) (241) (6,283) - - (6,524) - (6,524) -
Stock-based compensation - - 2,966 - - 2,966 15,693 18,659 -
Common dividends ($1.20 per share)
- - - (658,181) - (658,181) - (658,181) -
Distributions to noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (44,848) (44,848) (276)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (158) (158) -
Contributions from noncontrolling interests - - - - - - 173 173 316
Adjustments to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests - - 57,528 - - 57,528 - 57,528 (57,528)
December 31, 2023 547,156 $ 547,156 $ 10,405,780 $ (4,621,861) $ 19,371 $ 6,350,446 $ 525,596 $ 6,876,042 $ 48,828
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS (CONTINUED)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Common Stock
Shares Amount Additional
Paid-In
Capital Cumulative Dividends In Excess
Of Earnings Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Total
Stockholders’
Equity Total Noncontrolling
Interests Total
Equity Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
December 31, 2023 547,156 $ 547,156 $ 10,405,780 $ (4,621,861) $ 19,371 $ 6,350,446 $ 525,596 $ 6,876,042 $ 48,828
Net income (loss) - - - 243,142 - 243,142 24,111 267,253 50
Other comprehensive income (loss) - - - - 9,447 9,447 - 9,447 -
Shares issued as part of the Merger 162,231 162,231 2,611,916 - - 2,774,147 - 2,774,147 -
Issuance of common stock, net 434 434 660 - - 1,094 - 1,094 -
Conversion of DownREIT units to common stock 256 256 4,968 - - 5,224 (5,224) - -
Repurchase of common stock (10,592) (10,592) (180,098) - - (190,690) - (190,690) -
Stock-based compensation - - 7,991 - - 7,991 11,925 19,916 -
Common dividends ($1.20 per share)
- - - (795,560) - (795,560) - (795,560) -
Distributions to noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (36,354) (36,354) (468)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests - - - - - - - - 12
Purchase of noncontrolling interests - - - - - - - - (52,886)
Noncontrolling interests acquired as part of the Merger - - - - - - 133,684 133,684 3,109
Adjustments to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests - - (3,965) - - (3,965) - (3,965) 3,965
December 31, 2024 699,485 $ 699,485 $ 12,847,252 $ (5,174,279) $ 28,818 $ 8,401,276 $ 653,738 $ 9,055,014 $ 2,610
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) $ 267,303 $ 334,757 $ 516,424
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of real estate, in-place lease, and other intangibles 1,057,205 749,901 710,569
Stock-based compensation amortization expense 15,543 14,480 26,456
Merger-related post-combination stock compensation expense 16,223 - -
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts (premiums) 28,974 11,916 10,881
Straight-line rents (41,276) (14,387) (49,183)
Amortization of non-refundable entrance fees and above (below) market lease intangibles (119,750) (108,988) (102,747)
Equity loss (income) from unconsolidated joint ventures 1,515 (10,204) (2,049)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures 12,000 910 943
Loss (gain) on sale of real estate under direct financing leases - - (22,693)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) (1,693) (14,605) (6,001)
Impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net 22,978 (5,601) 7,004
Loss (gain) on sales of real estate, net (178,695) (86,463) (10,422)
Loss (gain) upon change of control, net (77,548) (234) (311,438)
Casualty-related loss (recoveries), net 29,076 (3,085) 7,168
Other non-cash items (6,133) 4,900 6,489
Changes in:
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable and other assets, net (40,860) (21,566) (17,433)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue 85,635 104,511 136,293
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 1,070,497 956,242 900,261
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate (6,787) (15,847) (178,133)
Development, redevelopment, and other major improvements of real estate (597,494) (731,206) (861,636)
Leasing costs, tenant improvements, and recurring capital expenditures (115,784) (113,596) (108,510)
Proceeds from sales of real estate, net 648,548 141,651 47,885
Proceeds from the South San Francisco JVs transaction, net - - 125,985
Proceeds from the Callan Ridge JV transaction, net 125,662 - -
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (61,602) (88,391) (21,143)
Distributions in excess of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures 22,906 20,640 12,518
Proceeds from insurance recovery 8,711 24,980 1,450
Proceeds from sales/principal repayments on loans receivable and marketable debt securities 93,445 204,865 115,988
Investments in loans receivable and other (52,189) (19,850) (10,747)
Cash paid in connection with the Merger, net (179,215) - -
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (113,799) (576,754) (876,343)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under bank line of credit and commercial paper 3,741,250 10,344,705 15,882,153
Repayments under bank line of credit and commercial paper (4,311,250) (10,620,311) (16,052,522)
Issuances and borrowings of term loans, senior unsecured notes, and mortgage debt 750,000 743,778 500,000
Repayments and repurchases of term loans, senior unsecured notes, and mortgage debt (26,780) (90,089) (5,048)
Payments for deferred financing costs (19,784) (7,322) (4,171)
Issuance of common stock and exercise of options, net of offering costs 317 278 308,100
Repurchase of common stock (190,690) (6,524) (67,838)
Dividends paid on common stock (794,783) (657,021) (648,047)
Distributions to and purchase of noncontrolling interests (89,708) (45,282) (30,549)
Contributions from and issuance of noncontrolling interests 12 489 1,390
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (941,416) (337,299) (116,532)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 15,282 42,189 (92,614)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year 169,023 126,834 219,448
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year $ 184,305 $ 169,023 $ 126,834
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. Business
Overview
Healthpeak Properties, Inc., a Standard & Poor’s 500 company, is a Maryland corporation that is organized to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and that, together with its consolidated entities (collectively, “Healthpeak” or the “Company”), owns, operates, and develops high-quality real estate focused on healthcare discovery and delivery in the United States (“U.S.”). Healthpeak® has a diverse portfolio comprised of investments in the following reportable healthcare segments: (i) outpatient medical; (ii) lab; and (iii) continuing care retirement community (“CCRC”).
The Company’s corporate headquarters are in Denver, Colorado, and it has additional corporate offices in California, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Massachusetts, and property management offices in several locations throughout the U.S.
On February 10, 2023, the Company completed its corporate reorganization (the “Reorganization”) into an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”). Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through Healthpeak OP, LLC (“Healthpeak OP”). The Company is the managing member of Healthpeak OP and does not have material assets or liabilities, other than through its investment in Healthpeak OP. For additional information on the UPREIT Reorganization, see the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K12B filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 10, 2023.
On March 1, 2024, the Company completed its planned merger with Physicians Realty Trust (see Note 3).
NOTE 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
Management is required to make estimates and assumptions in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from management’s estimates.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Healthpeak Properties, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures (“JVs”), and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that it controls through voting rights or other means. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The Company is required to continually evaluate its VIE relationships and consolidate these entities when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of their operations. A VIE is broadly defined as an entity where either: (i) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support, (ii) substantially all of an entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights, or (iii) the equity investors as a group lack any of the following: (a) the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, (b) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of an entity, or (c) the right to receive the expected residual returns of an entity. Criterion (iii) above is generally applied to limited partnerships and similarly structured entities by assessing whether a simple majority of the limited partners hold substantive rights to participate in the significant decisions of the entity or have the ability to remove the decision maker or liquidate the entity without cause. If neither of those criteria are met, the entity is a VIE.
The designation of an entity as a VIE is reassessed upon certain events, including, but not limited to: (i) a change to the contractual arrangements of the entity or in the ability of a party to exercise its participation or kick-out rights, (ii) a change to the capitalization structure of the entity, or (iii) acquisitions or sales of interests that constitute a change in control.
A variable interest holder is considered to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company qualitatively assesses whether it is (or is not) the primary beneficiary of a VIE. Consideration of various factors include, but is not limited to, which activities most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the ability to direct those activities, its form of ownership interest, its representation on the VIE’s governing body, the size and seniority of its investment, its ability and the rights of other investors to participate in policy making decisions, its ability to manage its ownership interest relative to the other interest holders, and its ability to replace the VIE manager and/or liquidate the entity.
For its investments in joint ventures that are not considered to be VIEs, the Company evaluates the type of ownership rights held by the limited partner(s) that may preclude consolidation by the majority interest holder. The assessment of limited partners’ rights and their impact on the control of a joint venture should be made at inception of the joint venture and continually reassessed.
Revenue Recognition
Lease Classification
The Company classifies a lease as an operating lease if none of the following criteria are met: (i) transfer of ownership to the lessee by the end of the lease term, (ii) lessee has a purchase option during or at the end of the lease term that it is reasonably certain to exercise, (iii) the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (iv) the present value of future minimum lease payments is equal to substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset, or (v) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the Company at the end of the lease term.
Rental and Related Revenues
The Company recognizes rental revenue from its outpatient medical and lab buildings in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). The Company commences recognition of rental revenue for operating lease arrangements when the tenant has taken possession or controls the physical use of a leased asset. The tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the leased asset until the Company-owned tenant improvements are substantially complete. If a lease arrangement provides for tenant improvements, the Company determines whether the tenant improvements are owned by the tenant or the Company. When the Company is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvements funded by the tenant are treated as lease payments which are deferred and amortized into income over the lease term. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance that is funded by the Company is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term.
Ownership of tenant improvements is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to, the following criteria:
•lease stipulations of how and on what a tenant improvement allowance may be spent;
•which party to the arrangement retains legal title to the tenant improvements upon lease expiration;
•whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general purpose in nature;
•if the tenant improvements are expected to have significant residual value at the end of the lease term;
•the responsible party for construction cost overruns; and
•which party constructs or directs the construction of the improvements.
Certain leases provide for additional rents that are contingent upon a percentage of the building’s revenue in excess of specified base amounts or other thresholds. Such revenue is recognized when actual results reported by the tenant or estimates of tenant results, exceed the base amount or other thresholds, and only after any contingency has been removed (when the related thresholds are achieved). This may result in the recognition of rental revenue in periods subsequent to when such payments are received.
Tenant recoveries subject to operating leases generally relate to the reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, and repair and maintenance expense, and are recognized as both revenue (in rental and related revenues) and expense (in operating expenses) in the period the expense is incurred as the Company is the party paying the service provider. Rental and related revenues from other variable payments are recognized when the associated contingencies are removed. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company accounts for lease and nonlease components as a single lease component for the purpose of revenue recognition and disclosure.
For operating leases with minimum scheduled rent increases, the Company recognizes income on a straight-line basis over the lease term when collectibility of future minimum lease payments is probable. Recognizing rental income on a straight-line basis results in a difference in the timing of revenue amounts from what is contractually due from tenants. If the Company determines that collectibility of future minimum lease payments is not probable, the accounts receivable and straight-line rent receivable balance is written off and recognized as a decrease in revenue in that period and future revenue recognition is limited to amounts contractually owed and paid. The Company does not resume recognition of income on a straight-line basis unless it determines that collectibility of future payments related to these leases is probable. For the Company’s portfolio of operating leases that are deemed probable of collection but exhibit a certain level of collectibility risk, the Company may also recognize an incremental allowance as a reduction to revenue. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, straight-line rent receivable, net of allowance, was $338 million and $310 million, respectively. Straight-line rent receivable is included in other assets, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company’s operating leases generally contain options to extend lease terms at prevailing market rates at the time of expiration. Certain operating leases contain early termination options that require advance notice and payment of a penalty, which in most cases is substantial enough to be deemed economically disadvantageous by a tenant to exercise.
Resident Fees and Services
The Company recognizes resident fee and service revenue from its Senior Housing Operating Property (“SHOP”) portfolios and CCRC properties in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Resident fee revenue is recorded when services are rendered and includes resident room and care charges, community fees, and other resident charges. Residency agreements for SHOP and CCRC facilities are generally for a term of 30 days to one year, with resident fees billed monthly, in advance. Revenue for certain care related services is recognized as services are provided and is billed monthly in arrears.
The Company’s CCRCs are operated as entrance fee communities, which typically require a resident to pay an upfront entrance fee that includes both a refundable portion and non-refundable portion. When the Company receives a non-refundable entrance fee, it is recorded in deferred revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized into revenue over the estimated stay of the resident. The Company utilizes third-party actuarial experts in its determination of the estimated stay of residents.
Income from Direct Financing Leases
The Company utilizes the direct finance method of accounting to record direct financing lease (“DFL”) income. For a lease accounted for as a DFL, the net investment in the DFL represents receivables for the sum of future minimum lease payments and the estimated residual value of the leased property, less the unamortized unearned income. Unearned income is deferred and amortized to income over the lease term to provide a constant yield when collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably assured. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company sold its remaining hospital under a DFL.
Interest Income
Loans receivable are classified as held-for-investment based on management’s intent and ability to hold the loans for the foreseeable future or to maturity. Loans held-for-investment are carried at amortized cost and reduced by a valuation allowance for estimated credit losses, as necessary. When collectibility of the future payments is reasonably assured, the Company utilizes the interest method on a loan-by-loan basis to recognize interest income on its loans, which includes the amortization of discounts and premiums as well as loan fees paid and received.
Management Fee Income
The Company provides various services to certain of its unconsolidated joint ventures in exchange for fees and reimbursement. These services are considered related party transactions under ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures. Management fee income is recognized in interest income and other on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Gain (Loss) on Sales of Real Estate, Net
The Company recognizes a gain (loss) on sale of real estate when the criteria for an asset to be derecognized are met, which include when: (i) a contract exists, (ii) the buyer obtains control of the asset, and (iii) it is probable that the Company will receive substantially all of the consideration to which it is entitled. These criteria are generally satisfied at the time of sale.
Government Grant Income
On March 27, 2020, the federal government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) to provide financial aid to individuals, businesses, and state and local governments. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company received government grants under the CARES Act primarily to cover increased expenses and lost revenues during the coronavirus pandemic. Grant income is recognized to the extent that qualifying expenses and lost revenues exceed grants received and the Company will comply with all conditions attached to the grant. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of qualifying expenditures and lost revenues exceeded grant income recognized and the Company believes it has complied and will continue to comply with all grant conditions. In the event of non-compliance, all such amounts received are subject to recapture.
The following table summarizes information related to government grant income received and recognized by the Company (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Government grant income recorded in other income (expense), net $ - $ 184 $ 6,765
Government grant income recorded in equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures - 229 878
Government grant income recorded in income (loss) from discontinued operations - - 217
Total government grants received $ - $ 413 $ 7,860
Credit Losses
The Company evaluates the liquidity and creditworthiness of its occupants, operators, and borrowers on a monthly and quarterly basis to determine whether any updates to the future expected losses recognized upon inception are necessary. The Company’s evaluation considers payment history and current credit status, industry conditions, current economic conditions, forecasted economic conditions, individual and portfolio property performance, credit enhancements, liquidity, and other factors. Future economic conditions are based primarily on near-term economic forecasts from the Federal Reserve and reasonable assumptions for long-term economic trends. The determination of loan losses also considers concentration of credit risk associated with the senior housing and outpatient medical industries to which its loans receivable relate. The Company’s occupants, operators, and borrowers furnish property, portfolio, and guarantor/operator-level financial statements, among other information, on a monthly or quarterly basis; the Company utilizes this financial information to calculate the lease or debt service coverages in its assessment of internal ratings that it uses as a primary credit quality indicator. Lease and debt service coverage information is evaluated together with other property, portfolio, and operator performance information, including revenue, expense, net operating income, occupancy, rental rate, reimbursement trends, capital expenditures, and EBITDA (defined as earnings before interest, tax, and depreciation and amortization), along with other liquidity measures. The Company evaluates, on a monthly basis or immediately upon a significant change in circumstance, its occupants’, operators’, and borrowers’ ability to service their obligations with the Company.
In connection with the Company’s quarterly review process or upon the occurrence of a significant event, loans receivable and DFLs (collectively, “finance receivables”), are reviewed and assigned an internal rating of Performing, Watch List, or Workout. Finance receivables that are deemed Performing meet all present contractual obligations, and collection and timing, of all amounts owed is reasonably assured. Watch List finance receivables are defined as finance receivables that do not meet the definition of Performing or Workout. Workout finance receivables are defined as finance receivables in which the Company has determined, based on current information and events, that: (i) it is probable it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the agreement, (ii) the tenant, operator, or borrower is delinquent on making payments under the contractual terms of the agreement, and (iii) the Company has commenced action or anticipates pursuing action in the near term to seek recovery of its investment.
Finance receivables are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that the collectibility of contractual amounts is not reasonably assured (the asset will have an internal rating of either Watch List or Workout). Further, the Company performs a credit analysis to support the tenant’s, operator’s, borrower’s, and/or guarantor’s repayment capacity and the underlying collateral values. The Company uses the cash basis method of accounting for finance receivables placed on nonaccrual status unless one of the following conditions exist whereby it utilizes the cost recovery method of accounting if: (i) the Company determines that it is probable that it will only recover the recorded investment in the finance receivable, net of associated allowances or charge-offs (if any), or (ii) the Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of an impaired finance receivable. For cash basis method of accounting, the Company applies payments received, excluding principal paydowns, to interest income so long as that amount does not exceed the amount that would have been earned under the original contractual terms. For cost recovery method of accounting, any payment received is applied to reduce the recorded investment. Generally, the Company returns a finance receivable to accrual status when all delinquent payments become current under the terms of the loan or lease agreements and collectibility of the remaining contractual loan or lease payments is reasonably assured.
At inception of a finance receivable, the Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the instrument. The model utilized by the Company to determine such losses emphasizes historical experience and future market expectations to determine a loss to be recognized at inception. However, the model is applied on an individual basis and relies on counter-party specific information to ensure the most accurate estimate is recognized. The Company also performs a quarterly review process (or upon the occurrence of a significant event) to evaluate its borrowers’ creditworthiness and liquidity to determine the amount of credit losses to recognize during the period. If a finance receivable is deemed partially or wholly uncollectible, the uncollectible balance is deducted from the allowance in the period in which such determination is made. Credit loss expenses and recoveries are recorded in impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net.
Real Estate
The Company’s real estate acquisitions are generally classified as asset acquisitions for which the Company records identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any associated noncontrolling interests at cost on a relative fair value basis. In addition, for such asset acquisitions, no goodwill is recognized, third party transaction costs are capitalized and any associated contingent consideration is generally recorded when the amount of consideration is reasonably estimable and probable of being paid.
The Company assesses fair value based on available market information, such as capitalization and discount rates, comparable sale transactions, and relevant per square foot or unit cost information. A real estate asset’s fair value may be determined utilizing cash flow projections that incorporate such market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, as well as market and economic conditions. The fair value of tangible assets of an acquired property is based on the value of the property as if it is vacant.
The Company recognizes acquired “above and below market” leases at their relative fair value (for asset acquisitions) using discount rates which reflect the risks associated with the leases acquired. The fair value is based on the present value of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above market leases and the initial term plus the extended term for any leases with renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on an evaluation of the specific characteristics of each property and the acquired tenant lease(s). Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes estimates of lost rents at market rates during the hypothetical expected lease-up periods, which are dependent on local market conditions and expected trends. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, the Company considers leasing commissions, legal, and other related costs.
Certain of the Company's acquisitions involve the assumption of contract liabilities. The Company typically estimates the fair value of contract liabilities by applying a reasonable profit margin to the total discounted estimated future costs associated with servicing the contract. A variety of market and contract-specific conditions are considered when making assumptions that impact the estimated fair value of the contract liability.
The Company capitalizes direct construction and development costs, including predevelopment costs, interest, property taxes, insurance, and other costs directly related and essential to the development or construction of a real estate asset. The Company capitalizes construction and development costs while substantive activities are ongoing to prepare an asset for its intended use. During the holding or development period, certain real estate assets generate incidental income that is not associated with the future profit or return from the intended use of the property. Such income is recognized as a reduction of the associated project costs. The Company considers a construction project as substantially complete and held available for occupancy upon the completion of Company-owned tenant improvements, but no later than one year from cessation of significant construction activity. Costs incurred after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, or after development activities have ceased, are expensed as incurred. For redevelopment of existing operating properties, the Company capitalizes the cost for the construction and improvement incurred in connection with the redevelopment.
Costs previously capitalized related to abandoned developments/redevelopments are charged to earnings. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. The Company considers costs incurred in conjunction with re-leasing properties, including tenant improvements and lease commissions, to represent the acquisition of productive assets and such costs are reflected as investing activities in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Initial direct costs incurred in connection with successful property leasing are capitalized as deferred leasing costs and classified as investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Initial direct costs include only those costs that are incremental to the arrangement and would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. Initial direct costs consist of leasing commissions paid to employees and external third party brokers and lease incentives. Initial direct costs are included in other assets, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of net initial direct costs were $204 million and $172 million, respectively. Initial direct costs are amortized in depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations using the straight-line method over the lease term.
The Company computes depreciation on properties using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. These useful lives are reassessed following changes in the remaining period that the asset is expected to be held and used, and depreciation is discontinued when a property meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over useful lives ranging up to 50 years. Above and below market lease intangibles are amortized to revenue over the remaining noncancellable lease terms and renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised, if any. In-place lease intangibles are amortized to expense over the remaining noncancellable lease term and renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised, if any.
Business Combinations
For the Company’s real estate acquisitions that are accounted for as business combinations, such as the Merger, the Company allocates the acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is accounted for as goodwill. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred. The fair values are determined using standard valuation methodologies, such as the cost, market, and income approach. These methodologies require various assumptions, including those of a market participant.
Other Assets, Net
Other assets, net consist primarily of straight-line rent receivable (as discussed above), initial direct costs (as discussed above), deferred income taxes (see Note 17), goodwill (see Note 10), corporate assets (see Note 7), derivative assets (see Note 22), other equity investments (as discussed below and see Note 19), and prepaid expenses.
Other Equity Investments
The Company has certain investments recognized in accordance with ASC 321, Investments-Equity Securities, within other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments do not have readily determinable fair values and the practical expedient to estimate fair value using net asset value per share has not been elected. Accordingly, the investments are measured at cost, less any impairments, and are adjusted for any observable price changes, with such changes included in earnings.
An observable price results from an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, which is observed by an investor without expending undue cost and effort. Observable price changes may result from equity transactions of the same issuer, including subsequent equity offerings. To determine whether transactions are indicative of an observable price change, the Company evaluates, among other factors, whether the transactions have similar rights and obligations, which include voting rights, distribution rights and preferences, and conversion features.
Lessee Accounting
For leases greater than 12 months for which the Company is the lessee, such as ground leases and corporate office leases, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and related lease liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at inception of the lease. The lease liability is calculated as the sum of: (i) the present value of minimum lease payments at lease commencement (discounted using the Company's secured incremental borrowing rate) and (ii) the present value of amounts probable of being paid under any residual value guarantees. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements have options to extend or terminate the contract terms upon meeting certain criteria. The lease term utilized in the calculation of the lease liability includes these options if they are considered reasonably certain of exercise. The right-of-use asset is calculated as the lease liability, adjusted for the following: (i) any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, minus any lease incentives received and (ii) any initial direct costs incurred by the Company. Lease expense related to corporate assets is included in general and administrative expenses and lease expense related to ground leases is included within operating expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For leases with a noncancellable lease term of 12 months or less for which the Company is the lessee, the Company recognizes expenses on a straight-line basis and does not recognize such leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill
The Company assesses the carrying value of real estate assets and related intangibles (“real estate assets”) when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company tests its real estate assets for impairment by comparing the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows to the carrying value of the real estate assets. The expected future undiscounted cash flows reflect external market factors and the expected use and eventual disposition of the asset, and based on the specific facts and circumstances, may be probability-weighted to reflect multiple possible cash-flow scenarios, including selling the assets at various points in the future. Further, the analysis considers the impact, if any, of master lease agreements on cash flows, which are calculated utilizing the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying value exceeds the expected future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss will be recognized to the extent that the carrying value of the real estate assets exceeds their fair value.
Determining the fair value of real estate assets, including assets classified as held-for-sale, involves significant judgment and generally utilizes market capitalization rates, comparable market transactions, estimated per unit or per square foot prices, negotiations with prospective buyers, and forecasted cash flows (primarily lease revenue rates, expense rates, and growth rates).
When testing goodwill for impairment, if the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying value, including goodwill, exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
The Company classifies a real estate property as held for sale when: (i) management has approved the disposal, (ii) the property is available for sale in its present condition, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer has been initiated, (iv) it is probable that the property will be disposed of within one year, (v) the property is being marketed at a reasonable price relative to its fair value, and (vi) it is unlikely that the disposal plan will significantly change or be withdrawn. If a real estate property is classified as held for sale, it is reported at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less costs to sell and no longer depreciated.
The Company classifies a loan receivable as held for sale when management no longer has the intent and ability to hold the loan receivable for the foreseeable future or until maturity. If a loan receivable is classified as held for sale, it is reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.
A discontinued operation represents: (i) a component of the Company or group of components that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale in a single transaction and represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results or (ii) an acquired business that is classified as held for sale on the date of acquisition. Examples of a strategic shift may include disposing of: (i) a separate major line of business, (ii) a separate major geographic area of operations, or (iii) other major parts of the Company.
Senior Housing Triple-Net and Senior Housing Operating Portfolio Dispositions
In 2020, the Company concluded that the dispositions of its senior housing triple-net and SHOP portfolios represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on its operations and financial results. Therefore, the results of senior housing triple-net and SHOP assets are classified as discontinued operations in all periods presented herein. In September 2021, the Company successfully completed the disposition of the remaining senior housing triple-net and SHOP properties. See Note 5 for further information.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Investments in entities the Company does not consolidate, but over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, are reported under the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the Company’s share of the investee’s earnings or losses is included in equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The initial carrying value of investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is based on the amount paid to purchase the joint venture interest, the fair value of assets contributed to the joint venture, or the fair value of the assets prior to the sale of interests in the joint venture. To the extent that the Company’s cost basis is different from the basis reflected at the joint venture level, the basis difference is generally amortized over the lives of the related assets and liabilities, and such amortization is included in the Company’s share of equity in earnings of the joint venture. If an equity method investment shows indicators of impairment, the Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment based on a comparison of the fair value of the equity method investment to its carrying value. When the Company determines a decline in fair value below carrying value of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary, an impairment is recorded. The Company recognizes gains on the sale of interests in joint ventures to the extent the economic substance of the transaction is a sale.
The Company’s fair values of its equity method investments are determined based on discounted cash flow models that include all estimated cash inflows and outflows over a specified holding period and, where applicable, any estimated debt premiums or discounts. Capitalization rates, discount rates, and credit spreads utilized in these valuation models are based on assumptions that the Company believes to be within a reasonable range of current market rates for the respective investments.
Stock-Based Compensation
Compensation expense for share-based awards granted to employees with graded vesting schedules is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Forfeitures of share-based awards are recognized as they occur.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Restricted cash primarily consists of amounts held by mortgage lenders to provide for: (i) real estate tax expenditures, (ii) tenant improvements, and (iii) capital expenditures, as well as security deposits and net proceeds from property sales that were executed as tax-deferred dispositions.
The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000 per institution. As the account balances at each institution periodically exceed the FDIC insurance coverage, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of such coverage.
Derivatives and Hedging
During its normal course of business, the Company uses certain types of derivative instruments for the purpose of managing interest rate risk. To qualify for hedge accounting, derivative instruments used for risk management purposes must effectively reduce the risk exposure that they are designed to hedge. In addition, at inception of a qualifying cash flow hedging relationship, the underlying transaction or transactions, must be, and are expected to remain, probable of occurring in accordance with the Company’s related assertions.
The Company recognizes all derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives that are required to be bifurcated, as assets or liabilities to the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated in hedging relationships or that do not meet the criteria of hedge accounting are recognized in other income (expense), net. For derivative instruments designated in qualifying cash flow hedging relationships, changes in fair value related to the effective portion of the derivative instruments are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), whereas changes in fair value related to the ineffective portion would be recognized in earnings.
If it is determined that a derivative instrument ceases to be highly effective as a hedge, or that it is probable the underlying forecasted transaction will not occur, the Company discontinues its cash flow hedge accounting prospectively and records the appropriate adjustment to earnings based on the current fair value of the derivative instrument.
Income Taxes
Healthpeak Properties, Inc. has elected REIT status and believes it has always operated so as to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 to 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Accordingly, Healthpeak Properties, Inc. will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, provided that it continues to qualify as a REIT and makes distributions to stockholders equal to or in excess of its taxable income. In addition, the Company has formed several consolidated subsidiaries that have elected REIT status. Healthpeak Properties, Inc. and its consolidated REIT subsidiaries are each subject to the REIT qualification requirements under the Code. If any REIT fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates and may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years.
Healthpeak Properties, Inc. and its consolidated REIT subsidiaries are subject to state and local income taxes in some jurisdictions. In certain circumstances each REIT may also be subject to federal excise taxes on undistributed income. In addition, certain activities that the Company undertakes may be conducted by entities that have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). TRSs are subject to federal, state, and local income taxes. The Company recognizes tax penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits as additional income tax expense. Interest relating to unrecognized tax benefits is recognized as interest expense.
The Company is required to evaluate its deferred tax assets for realizability and recognize a valuation allowance, which is recorded against its deferred tax assets, if it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers all available evidence in its determination of whether a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is required.
Advertising Costs
All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and reported within operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, total advertising expense was $9 million, $8 million, and $8 million, respectively.
Capital Raising Issuance Costs
Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of common shares are recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. Debt issuance costs related to debt instruments, excluding line of credit arrangements and commercial paper, are deferred, recorded as a reduction of the related debt liability, and amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the related debt liability utilizing the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs related to line of credit arrangements and commercial paper are deferred, included in other assets, and amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the related line of credit arrangement. Commercial paper are unsecured short-term debt securities with varying maturities. A line of credit serves as a liquidity backstop for repayment of commercial paper borrowings.
Penalties incurred to extinguish debt and any remaining unamortized debt issuance costs, discounts, and premiums are recognized as income or expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations at the time of extinguishment.
Segment Reporting
The Company’s reportable segments, based on how it evaluates its business and allocates resources, are as follows: (i) outpatient medical, (ii) lab, and (iii) CCRC.
Noncontrolling Interests
Arrangements with noncontrolling interest holders are assessed for appropriate balance sheet classification based on the redemption and other rights held by the noncontrolling interest holder. Net income (loss) attributable to a noncontrolling interest is included in net income (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and, upon a gain or loss of control, the interest purchased or sold, and any interest retained, is recorded at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. The Company accounts for purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a change in control as equity transactions.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Certain of the Company’s noncontrolling interest holders have the ability to put their equity interests to the Company upon specified events or after the passage of a predetermined period of time. Each put option is payable in cash and subject to increases in redemption value in the event that the underlying property generates specified returns and meets certain promote thresholds pursuant to the respective agreements. Accordingly, the Company records redeemable noncontrolling interests outside of permanent equity and presents the redeemable noncontrolling interests at the greater of their carrying amount or redemption value at the end of each reporting period.
Healthpeak OP
Immediately following the Reorganization, Healthpeak Properties, Inc. was the initial sole member and 100% owner of Healthpeak OP. Subsequent to the Reorganization, certain employees of the Company (“OP Unitholders”) were issued noncontrolling, non-managing member units in Healthpeak OP (“OP Units”). When certain conditions are met, the OP Unitholders have the right to require redemption of part or all of their OP Units for cash or shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option as managing member of Healthpeak OP. The per unit redemption amount is equal to either one share of the Company’s common stock or cash equal to the fair value of a share of common stock at the time of redemption. The Company classifies the OP Units in permanent equity because it may elect, in its sole discretion, to issue shares of its common stock to OP Unitholders who choose to redeem their OP Units rather than using cash.
DownREITs
The Company consolidates non-managing member limited liability companies (“DownREITs”) because it exercises control, and the noncontrolling interests in these entities are carried at cost. The non-managing member limited liability company (“LLC”) units (“DownREIT units”) are exchangeable for an amount of cash approximating the then-current market value of shares of the Company’s common stock or, at the Company’s option, shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain adjustments, such as stock splits and reclassifications). Upon exchange of DownREIT units for the Company’s common stock, the carrying amount of the DownREIT units is reclassified to stockholders’ equity.
Fair Value Measurement
The Company measures and discloses the fair value of nonfinancial and financial assets and liabilities utilizing a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to a fair value measurement are considered to be observable or unobservable in a marketplace. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. These inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:
•Level 1-quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;
•Level 2-quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and
•Level 3-fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
The Company measures fair value using a set of standardized procedures that are outlined herein for all assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value. When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices to determine fair value and classifies such items in Level 1. In instances where a market price is available, but the instrument is in an inactive or over-the-counter market, the Company consistently applies the dealer (market maker) pricing estimate and classifies the asset or liability in Level 2.
If quoted market prices or inputs are not available, fair value measurements are based on valuation models that utilize current market or independently sourced market inputs, such as interest rates, option volatilities, credit spreads, and/or market capitalization rates. Items valued using such internally-generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. As a result, the asset or liability could be classified in either Level 2 or Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily observable. Internal fair value models and techniques used by the Company include discounted cash flow models. The Company also considers its counterparty’s and own credit risk for derivative instruments and other liabilities measured at fair value. The Company has elected the mid-market pricing expedient when determining fair value.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common shares by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company accounts for unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable dividend rights or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) as participating securities, which are included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by including the effect of dilutive securities, such as the impact of forward equity sales agreements using the treasury stock method and common shares issuable from the assumed conversion of DownREIT units, stock options, certain performance restricted stock units, OP Units, and unvested restricted stock units.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted
Segment Reporting. In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements so that investors can better understand an entity’s overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 include, but are not limited to: (i) disclosure of, on an annual basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss; (ii) disclosure of, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition (the other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss); (iii) disclosure of, on an interim basis, all currently required annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit (loss) and assets; (iv) clarification that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, an entity may report one or more of those additional measures of segment profit; and (v) disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the amendments in ASU 2023-07 were adopted retrospectively and did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Not Yet Adopted
Income Taxes. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), to provide disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. One of the amendments in ASU 2023-09 includes disclosure of, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation (using both percentages and reporting currency amounts) of (i) the reported income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations, to (ii) the product of the income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of the jurisdiction of domicile using specific categories, including separate disclosure for any reconciling items within certain categories that are equal to or greater than a specified quantitative threshold of 5%. ASU 2023-09 also requires disclosure of, on an annual basis, the year-to-date amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions, including additional disaggregated information on income taxes paid (net of refunds received) to an individual jurisdiction equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact ASU 2023-09 will have on its disclosures.
Expense Disaggregation. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), to address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. ASU 2024-03 requires public companies to provide disaggregated disclosure in tabular format in the notes to financial statements of specific expenses, including but not limited to: (i) employee compensation, (ii) depreciation, and (iii) intangible asset amortization. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, which clarifies that the amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is evaluating the impact these ASUs will have on its disclosures.
NOTE 3. The Merger
On March 1, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 29, 2023 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, DOC DR Holdco, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“DOC DR Holdco”), DOC DR, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Healthpeak OP (“DOC DR OP Sub”), Physicians Realty Trust, and Physicians Realty L.P. (the “Physicians Partnership”): (i) Physicians Realty Trust merged with and into DOC DR Holdco (the “Company Merger”), with DOC DR Holdco surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Company Surviving Entity”); (ii) immediately following the effectiveness of the Company Merger, the Company contributed all of the outstanding equity interests in the Company Surviving Entity to Healthpeak OP (the “Contribution”); and (iii) immediately following the Contribution, Physicians Partnership merged with and into DOC DR OP Sub (the “Partnership Merger” and, together with the Company Merger, the “Merger”), with DOC DR OP Sub surviving as a subsidiary of Healthpeak OP (the “Partnership Surviving Entity”). Subsequent to the Closing Date, the “Combined Company” means the Company and its subsidiaries.
On the Closing Date and in connection with the Merger, (i) each outstanding common share of beneficial interest of Physicians Realty Trust (“Physicians Realty Trust common shares”) (other than Physicians Realty Trust common shares that were canceled in accordance with the Merger Agreement) was automatically converted into the right to receive 0.674 (the “Exchange Ratio”) shares of the Company’s common stock, and (ii) each outstanding common unit of the Physicians Partnership was converted into common units in the Partnership Surviving Entity equal to the Exchange Ratio.
As a result of the Merger, the Company acquired 299 outpatient medical buildings. The primary reason for the Merger was to expand the Company’s size, scale, and diversification, in order to further enhance the Company’s competitive advantages and accelerate investment activities.
The Merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, which requires, among other things, the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed to be recognized at their acquisition date fair value. For accounting purposes, the Company was treated as the accounting acquirer of Physicians Realty Trust. The Company was considered to be the accounting acquirer primarily because: (i) the Company is the entity that transferred consideration to consummate the Merger; (ii) the Company’s stockholders as a group retained the largest portion of the voting rights of the Combined Company and have the ability to elect, appoint, or remove a majority of the members of the Combined Company’s board of directors; and (iii) its senior management constitutes the majority of management of the Combined Company.
The consideration transferred on the Closing Date is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
March 1,
Physicians Realty Trust common shares and Physicians Realty Trust restricted shares, PSUs, and RSUs exchanged(1)
240,699
Exchange Ratio 0.674
Shares of Healthpeak common stock issued 162,231
Closing price of Healthpeak common stock on March 1, 2024(2)
$ 17.10
Fair value of Healthpeak common stock issued to the former holders of Physicians Realty Trust common shares, restricted shares, PSUs, and RSUs
$ 2,774,147
Less: Fair value of share consideration attributable to the post-combination period(3)
(16,223)
Physicians Realty Trust revolving credit facility termination(4)
$ 175,411
Settlement of Physicians Realty Trust’s transaction costs
23,913
Payments made in connection with share settlement(5)
11,315
Cash consideration
$ 210,639
Consideration transferred $ 2,968,563
_______________________________________
(1)Includes 241 million Physicians Realty Trust common shares and Physicians Realty Trust restricted shares outstanding as of March 1, 2024, inclusive of: (i) 200 thousand Physicians Realty Trust restricted shares; (ii) 1 million Physicians Realty Trust common shares issuable pursuant to outstanding Physicians Realty Trust performance-based restricted stock unit (“PSUs”) (reflected at the maximum level of performance); and (iii) 300 thousand Physicians Realty Trust common shares issuable pursuant to outstanding Physicians Realty Trust restricted stock units (“RSUs”).
(2)The fair value of Healthpeak common stock issued to former holders of Physicians Realty Trust common shares and Physicians Realty Trust restricted shares, PSUs, and RSUs was based on the per share closing price of Healthpeak common stock on March 1, 2024.
(3)Represents the fair value of unvested Physicians Realty Trust restricted shares, PSUs, and RSUs attributable to post-combination services that were converted into Healthpeak common stock on the Closing Date in accordance with the Merger Agreement. Although no future service after the Closing Date is required, the value attributable to post-combination services reflected the incremental fair value provided to the Physicians Realty Trust equity award holders and the accelerated vesting of such awards at the Closing Date in accordance with the Merger Agreement. This amount was recognized as transaction and merger-related costs on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(4)Represents the Company’s cash repayment of all outstanding balances under Physicians Realty Trust’s revolving credit facility on the Closing Date in connection with the related termination.
(5)Includes cash settlement of: (i) tax liability related to holdback elections made under the pre-existing terms and conditions of Physicians Realty Trust’s equity programs and (ii) fractional share consideration.
Purchase Price Allocation
For the Company’s real estate acquisitions that are accounted for as business combinations, such as the Merger, the Company allocates the acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is accounted for as goodwill. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests were based on information that was available at the Closing Date. The fair values were determined using standard valuation methodologies, such as the cost, market, and income approach. These methodologies require various assumptions, including those of a market participant.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests at the Closing Date (in thousands):
Preliminary Amounts Recognized on the Closing Date
Measurement Period Adjustments
Amounts Recognized on the Closing Date (As Adjusted)
ASSETS
Real estate:
Buildings and improvements $ 3,199,884 $ (6,889) $ 3,192,995
Development costs and construction in progress 68,171 - 68,171
Land and improvements 435,353 - 435,353
Real estate 3,703,408 (6,889) 3,696,519
Loans receivable 118,908 - 118,908
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures 58,636 - 58,636
Accounts receivable, net(1)
9,536 (254) 9,282
Cash and cash equivalents 30,417 - 30,417
Restricted cash
1,007 - 1,007
Intangible assets(2)
890,827 - 890,827
Right-of-use asset 191,415 (113) 191,302
Other assets 44,691 (668) 44,023
Total assets $ 5,048,845 $ (7,924) $ 5,040,921
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Term loans $ 402,320 $ - $ 402,320
Senior unsecured notes 1,139,760 - 1,139,760
Mortgage debt
127,176 - 127,176
Intangible liabilities(3)
149,875 - 149,875
Lease liability 97,160 (113) 97,047
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities 72,864 (2,976) 69,888
Total liabilities $ 1,989,155 $ (3,089) $ 1,986,066
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 1,536 1,573 3,109
Joint venture partners(4)
20,109 (3,043) 17,066
Non-managing member unitholders(5)
116,618 - 116,618
Total noncontrolling interests $ 136,727 $ (3,043) $ 133,684
Fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net of noncontrolling interests $ 2,921,427 $ (3,365) $ 2,918,062
Goodwill 47,136 3,365 50,501
Total purchase price $ 2,968,563 $ - $ 2,968,563
_______________________________________
(1)Includes $14 million of gross contractual accounts receivable.
(2)The intangible assets acquired had a weighted average amortization period of 6 years (see Note 10).
(3)The intangible liabilities acquired had a weighted average amortization period of 9 years (see Note 10).
(4)Includes six consolidated joint ventures in which the Company held ownership interests ranging from 56.7% to 99.7% on the Closing Date.
(5)In connection with the Merger, Physicians Partnership merged with and into DOC DR OP Sub with DOC DR OP Sub surviving as the Partnership Surviving Entity. The Company controls the Partnership Surviving Entity via its ownership of its managing member, and the Partnership Surviving Entity is consolidated by the Company.
The measurement period adjustments recorded through December 31, 2024 are final and were primarily the result of additional information obtained during the measurement period by the Company related to certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed and updated valuations of noncontrolling interests, resulting in an increase to goodwill of $3 million.
Based on the final purchase price allocation of fair value, approximately $51 million has been allocated to goodwill. The recognized goodwill is attributable to expected synergies, cost savings, acquired workforce, and potential economies of scale benefits from outpatient medical property management and tenant and vendor relationships following the closing of the Merger. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Merger-Related Costs
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred approximately $129 million of merger-related costs, which primarily related to advisory, legal, accounting, tax, post-combination severance and stock compensation expense, and other costs of combining operations with Physicians Realty Trust. Included in this amount is: (i) $38 million of fees paid to investment banks and advisors to help the Company negotiate the terms of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and to advise the Company on other merger-related matters, inclusive of $21 million of success-based fees incurred upon consummation of the Merger, (ii) $26 million of severance expense due to certain Physicians Realty Trust dual-trigger severance arrangements that are required to be recognized as post-combination expense in accordance with ASC 805, (iii) $16 million of post-combination stock compensation expense for the accelerated vesting of Physicians Realty Trust equity awards pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, based on the fair value of Healthpeak common stock issued to holders of Physicians Realty Trust equity awards, (iv) $35 million of legal, accounting, tax, and other costs, and (v) $13 million of severance expense related to legacy Healthpeak employees. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred approximately $11 million of merger-related costs, which primarily related to advisory, legal, accounting, tax, and other costs. These merger-related costs are included in transaction and merger-related costs on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 include $473 million of revenues and $6 million of net loss applicable to common shares associated with the results of operations of legacy Physicians Realty Trust from the Closing Date to December 31, 2024.
The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the results of operations for the Combined Company, as if the Merger had been consummated on January 1, 2023 (in thousands). The following unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations had the acquisition been effected on the assumed date, nor is it necessarily an indication of trends in future results for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, differences between the assumptions used to prepare the unaudited pro forma financial information, cost savings from operating efficiencies, potential synergies, and the impact of incremental costs incurred in integrating the businesses.
Year Ended
December 31,
2024 2023
Total revenues $ 2,765,670 $ 2,771,468
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares
353,347 24,630
The unaudited pro forma financial information above includes nonrecurring significant adjustments made to account for certain costs incurred as if the Merger had been completed on January 1, 2023. Transaction and merger-related costs of $129 million that were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024, were excluded from the unaudited pro forma financial information for the year ended December 31, 2024, but included for the year ended December 31, 2023. The year ended December 31, 2023 also includes $11 million of transaction and merger-related costs that were recognized during the year then ended.
NOTE 4. Real Estate Investments
2024 Real Estate Investment Acquisitions
The Merger
As a result of the Merger, the Company acquired 299 outpatient medical buildings (see Note 3).
2023 Real Estate Investment Acquisitions
60 Loomis Land Parcel
In January 2023, the Company acquired a lab land parcel in Cambridge, Massachusetts for $9 million.
Wylie Outpatient Medical Building
In April 2023, the Company acquired the remaining 80% interest in one of the outpatient medical buildings in the Ventures IV unconsolidated joint venture for $4 million (see Note 9). Concurrent with the acquisition, the Company began consolidating the building and recognized a gain upon change of control of $0.2 million, which is recorded in other income (expense), net during the year ended December 31, 2023.
2022 Real Estate Investment Acquisitions
67 Smith Place
In January 2022, the Company closed a lab acquisition in Cambridge, Massachusetts for $72 million.
Vista Sorrento Phase II
In January 2022, the Company closed a lab acquisition in San Diego, California for $24 million.
Webster Outpatient Medical Portfolio
In March 2022, the Company acquired a portfolio of two outpatient medical buildings in Houston, Texas for $43 million.
Northwest Medical Plaza
In May 2022, the Company acquired one outpatient medical building in Bentonville, Arkansas for $26 million.
Concord Avenue Land Parcels
In December 2022, the Company closed a lab acquisition in Cambridge, Massachusetts for $18 million.
Development Activities
Construction, Tenant, and Other Capital Improvements
The following table summarizes the Company’s expenditures for construction, tenant improvements, and other capital improvements for its consolidated property investments, excluding expenditures related to properties classified as discontinued operations (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Segment 2024 2023 2022
Outpatient medical $ 356,273 $ 236,135 $ 237,761
Lab 313,749 428,961 658,542
CCRC 66,741 109,465 65,691
$ 736,763 $ 774,561 $ 961,994
NOTE 5. Dispositions of Real Estate and Discontinued Operations
2024 Dispositions of Real Estate
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold: (i) a portfolio of 59 outpatient medical buildings for $674 million and provided the buyer with a mortgage loan secured by the real estate sold for $405 million (see Note 8), (ii) 14 outpatient medical buildings for $220 million, (iii) a portfolio of seven lab buildings for $180 million, (iv) a portfolio of two outpatient medical buildings for $23 million and provided the buyer with a mortgage loan secured by the real estate sold for $14 million (see Note 8), and (v) a portfolio comprised of a land parcel and various vacant buildings on certain of the Company’s CCRC campuses for $12 million, resulting in total net gain on sales of $179 million.
2023 Dispositions of Real Estate
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold two lab buildings in Durham, North Carolina, for $113 million and two outpatient medical buildings for $32 million, resulting in total gain on sales of $81 million.
2022 Dispositions of Real Estate
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold one lab building in Salt Lake City, Utah for $14 million and five outpatient medical buildings and one outpatient medical land parcel for $36 million, resulting in total gain on sales of $15 million.
Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
As of December 31, 2024, one outpatient medical building was classified as held for sale, with a carrying value of $8 million, primarily comprised of net real estate assets. As of December 31, 2024, liabilities related to the asset held for sale were zero. As of December 31, 2023, two lab buildings and one outpatient medical building were classified as held for sale, with a carrying value of $118 million, primarily comprised of net real estate assets. As of December 31, 2023, liabilities related to the assets held for sale were $1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold the outpatient medical building and a 65% interest in the two lab buildings (see Note 9) that were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023.
In 2020, the Company concluded that the dispositions of its senior housing triple-net and SHOP portfolios represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on its operations and financial results. Therefore, the results of senior housing triple-net and SHOP assets are classified as discontinued operations in all periods presented herein. The Company has successfully completed the disposition of its senior housing triple-net and SHOP properties.
At each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total assets and total liabilities classified as discontinued operations were zero.
The results of discontinued operations during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 are presented below (in thousands) and are included in the consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Revenues:
Resident fees and services $ - $ - $ 7,489
Total revenues - - 7,489
Costs and expenses:
Operating - - 6,452
Total costs and expenses - - 6,452
Other income (expense):
Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net - - 1,344
Other income (expense), net - - 169
Total other income (expense), net - - 1,513
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures - - 2,550
Income tax benefit (expense) - - 270
Equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures - - 64
Income (loss) from discontinued operations $ - $ - $ 2,884
NOTE 6. Impairments of Real Estate
Impairment Charges
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $13 million, which is reported in impairments and loan loss reserves (recoveries), net, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to one outpatient medical building that met the held for sale criteria. Upon classifying the asset as held for sale, the Company recognized an impairment charge to write down the building’s carrying value of $21 million to its fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of $8 million.
The fair value of the impaired asset was based on the forecasted sales price which is considered to be a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s fair value estimates primarily relied on a market approach, which utilized comparable market transactions and negotiations with prospective buyers.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges.
Casualty-Related Charges
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized $30 million, $(3) million, and $6 million, respectively, of net casualty-related charges (recoveries). During the year ended December 31, 2024, such charges were primarily related to damages as a result of Hurricane Milton, partially offset by recoveries from proceeds received for water damage at an outpatient medical building during the year then ended. During the year ended December 31, 2023, such recoveries were primarily attributable to proceeds received for water damage at an outpatient medical building. During the year ended December 31, 2022, such charges were primarily attributable to damages as a result of Hurricane Ian. Casualty-related charges are recognized in other income (expense), net and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Also during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company collected business interruption proceeds of $0.7 million, $4 million, and $3 million, respectively, which are recognized in rental and related revenues and resident fees and services on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other Losses
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $14 million of expenses within other income (expense), net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for tenant relocation and other costs associated with the demolition of an outpatient medical building.
See Note 8 for information related to the Company’s reserve for loan losses.
NOTE 7. Leases
Lease Income
The following table summarizes the Company’s lease income (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Fixed income from operating leases $ 1,530,493 $ 1,236,502 $ 1,182,463
Variable income from operating leases 556,703 395,303 359,312
Interest income from direct financing leases - - 1,168
Direct Financing Leases
2022 Direct Financing Lease Sale
During the first quarter of 2022, the Company sold its remaining hospital under a DFL for $68 million and recognized a gain on sale of $23 million, which is included in other income (expense), net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Therefore, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no leases classified as a DFL.
Operating Leases
Future Minimum Rents
The following table summarizes future minimum lease payments to be received from tenants under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Year Amount
2025 $ 1,427,402
2026 1,339,275
2027 1,246,068
2028 1,138,062
2029 1,003,394
Thereafter 3,681,731
$ 9,835,932
Tenant Purchase Options
Certain leases contain purchase options whereby the tenant may elect to acquire the underlying real estate. Annualized base rent from leases subject to purchase options, summarized by the year the purchase options are exercisable are as follows (dollars in thousands):
Year Annualized
Base Rent(1)
Number of
Properties
2025 $ 16,109 12
2026 19,071 8
2027 8,415 4
2028 16,209 5
2029 6,053 7
Thereafter 22,364 9
$ 88,221 45
_______________________________________
(1)Represents the most recent month’s base rent including additional rent floors annualized for 12 months. Base rent does not include tenant recoveries, additional rents in excess of floors, and non-cash revenue adjustments (i.e., straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, and deferred revenues).
Lease Costs
The following tables provide information regarding the Company’s leases to which it is the lessee, such as corporate offices and ground leases, excluding lease costs related to discontinued operations (dollars in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Lease Expense Information: 2024 2023 2022
Total lease expense $ 22,768 $ 17,010 $ 16,689
Weighted Average Lease Term and Discount Rate: December 31,
2024 December 31,
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases(1)
48 51
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases 4.79 % 4.23 %
_______________________________________
(1)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term including the Company’s options to extend its operating leases was 66 years and 67 years, respectively.
The following table summarizes future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable ground and other operating leases included in the Company’s lease liability as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Year Amount
2025 $ 21,514
2026 18,423
2027 18,434
2028 18,489
2029 18,687
Thereafter 738,666
Undiscounted minimum lease payments included in the lease liability 834,213
Less: imputed interest (526,993)
Present value of lease liability $ 307,220
Depreciation Expense
While the Company leases the majority of its property, plant, and equipment to various tenants under operating leases, in certain situations, the Company owns and operates certain property, plant, and equipment for general corporate purposes. Corporate assets are recorded within other assets, net within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and depreciation expense for those assets is recorded in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $38 million and $39 million of corporate assets, respectively. Also included within other assets, net as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is $8 million and $10 million, respectively, of accumulated depreciation related to corporate assets. Included within general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 is $2 million, $3 million, and $3 million, respectively, of depreciation expense related to corporate assets.
Denver Corporate Headquarters
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $7 million of charges in connection with the downsizing of the Company’s corporate headquarters in Denver, Colorado which are included in general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Tenant Updates
During the first quarter of 2023, the Company wrote off $9 million of straight-line rent receivable associated with four in-place operating leases with Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. (“Sorrento”), which commenced voluntary reorganization proceedings (the “Filing”) under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code during the period. This write-off was recognized as a reduction in rental and related revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Subsequent to the write-off, revenue related to this tenant is recognized on a cash basis. Sorrento also had a single development lease with the Company, but had not taken occupancy at the time of the Filing. The Company has filed proofs of claims for damages related to its rejected leases, which include the development lease and three of the four operating leases. The Company filed proofs of claim for related damages during the year ended December 31, 2023, $4 million of which was received by the Company by drawing on Sorrento’s letters of credit and security deposits. These cash proceeds were recognized as lease termination fee income, which is included in rental and related revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In April 2024, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved the assignment and assumption of the remaining operating lease by the buyer of Sorrento’s assets. Given the nature of bankruptcy proceedings, the probability, timing, and amount of the additional proceeds, if any, that the Company may ultimately receive in connection with the claims are uncertain. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any estimated recoveries associated with these claims as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
On October 26, 2023, the Company amended its lease with Graphite Bio, Inc., which later merged with LENZ Therapeutics, Inc. in March 2024 (“Graphite Bio”), at one of its lab buildings in South San Francisco, California. Under the terms of the amended lease agreement, Graphite Bio’s lease expiration date was accelerated from April 2033 to December 2024 in exchange for an upfront cash payment of $37 million, comprised of a $21 million termination fee and $16 million prepayment of Graphite Bio’s contractual rent through the amended term. The $37 million was recognized as rental and related revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis through the amended term of the lease.
In July 2024, the Company executed an early lease renewal for approximately 2 million square feet leased by CommonSpirit Health (“CommonSpirit”). The renewal, which is subject to a master agreement, extended the weighted average lease term of existing leases from July 2027 to December 2035, amended the contractual rents to current market rates, and increased the annual contractual lease escalations from 2.5% to 3.0%. In connection with this extension, CommonSpirit was provided the right to reduce the amount of space leased by up to approximately 200,000 square feet at any time after the original lease maturity dates. These termination rights were evaluated for likelihood of exercise in accordance with ASC 842 in the determination of the lease term. During the year ended December 31, 2024, CommonSpirit represented 6% of revenues for the outpatient medical segment and 3% of total revenues.
NOTE 8. Loans Receivable
The following table summarizes the Company’s loans receivable (in thousands):
December 31,
2024 2023
Secured loans(1)(2)
$ 638,482 $ 178,678
CCRC resident loans 61,273 42,733
Mezzanine loans(2)
50,314 -
Unamortized discounts and fees(3)
(22,380) (131)
Reserve for loan losses (10,499) (2,830)
Loans receivable, net $ 717,190 $ 218,450
_______________________________________
(1)At December 31, 2024, the Company had $85 million of remaining commitments to fund additional loans for outpatient medical capital expenditure projects, of which $49 million related to loans acquired as part of the Merger. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $29 million of remaining commitments to fund additional loans for senior housing redevelopment and capital expenditure projects. This $29 million commitment was reduced to zero in February 2024 in conjunction with the refinance of the Sunrise Senior Housing Portfolio Seller Financing as discussed below.
(2)Includes secured loans and mezzanine loans acquired as part of the Merger (see Note 3).
(3)As of December 31, 2024, includes net unamortized discounts of $3 million related to the loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger (see Note 3) and an $18 million unamortized mark-to-market discount related to the Outpatient Medical Seller Financing as discussed below.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized $40 million, $22 million, and $22 million, respectively, of interest income related to loans receivable in interest income and other on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Merger
On March 1, 2024, upon the consummation of the Merger, the Company acquired 9 secured loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $89 million and 10 mezzanine loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $36 million, for a total of $124 million. Typically, each secured loan is secured by a mortgage on a related outpatient medical building, each construction loan (included in secured loans above) is secured by a mortgage on the land and improvements as constructed, generally with guarantees from the borrowers, and each mezzanine loan is collateralized by an ownership interest in the respective borrower. As of the Closing Date, the secured loans had maturities ranging from June 2024 to July 2027 and stated fixed interest rates ranging from 7.00% to 10.00%. The mezzanine loans had maturities ranging from June 2024 to June 2027 and stated fixed interest rates ranging from 8.00% to 10.00%.
As of December 31, 2024, unamortized net discounts on the secured loans and mezzanine loans acquired were $1 million and $2 million, respectively. These discounts are recognized in interest income and other on the Consolidated Statements of Operations using the effective interest rate method over the remaining term of the loans.
Sunrise Senior Housing Portfolio Seller Financing
In conjunction with the sale of 32 SHOP facilities for $664 million in January 2021, the Company provided the buyer with initial financing of $410 million. The remainder of the sales price was received in cash at the time of sale. Additionally, the Company agreed to provide up to $92 million of additional financing for capital expenditures (up to 65% of the estimated cost of capital expenditures). The initial and additional financing is secured by the buyer’s equity ownership in each property. In June 2023, the interest rate on this secured loan was converted from a variable rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to a variable rate based on Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) (plus a 10 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition).
The Company received partial principal repayments of $246 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 and $45 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 in conjunction with dispositions of the underlying collateral. In connection with these principal repayments, the additional financing available was reduced to $40 million, of which $11 million had been funded as of December 31, 2023.
In February 2024, this loan reached its maturity and was refinanced with the Company. In connection with the refinance, the Company received a partial principal repayment of $69 million and the maturity date was extended to August 2027. The interest rate on the loan remained as Term SOFR (plus a 10 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition) plus 4.0% for the first two years of the extended term, but increases to 5.0% for the last 18 months of the extended term and is now subject to a fixed floor of 9%. In connection with the refinance, the additional financing was reduced to $1 million, all of which was funded in February 2024. Therefore, at December 31, 2024, the Company had no commitment to provide the borrower with additional financing for capital expenditures. In May 2024, the Company received a partial principal repayment of $5 million in conjunction with the disposition of the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, this secured loan had an outstanding principal balance of $58 million and $131 million, respectively.
Other SHOP Seller Financing
In conjunction with the sale of 16 additional SHOP facilities for $230 million in January 2021, the Company provided the buyer with financing of $150 million. The remainder of the sales price was received in cash at the time of sale. The financing is secured by the buyer’s equity ownership in each property. Upon maturity in January 2023, the borrower did not make the required principal repayment. In February 2023, the borrower made a partial principal repayment of $102 million, and the remaining balance owed was refinanced with the Company. In connection with the refinance, the maturity date of the loan was extended to January 2024 and the interest rate on the loan was increased to a variable rate based on Term SOFR (plus an 11 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition) plus 6.0% for the first six months of the extended term, increasing to 7.0% for the last six months of the extended term. The Company also received a $1 million extension fee in connection with the refinance, which was recognized in interest income through the maturity date of January 2024.
In January 2024, the loan was refinanced with the Company and the maturity date was extended to January 2025. The interest rate on the loan remained as Term SOFR (plus an 11 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition) plus 7.0%, but is now subject to a fixed floor of 12%. The Company also received a $1 million extension fee in connection with the refinance, which is recognized in interest income over the remaining term of the loan. At each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, this secured loan had an outstanding principal balance of $48 million. In January 2025, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of this seller financing.
Outpatient Medical Seller Financing
In conjunction with the sale of 59 outpatient medical buildings for $674 million in July 2024 and the 2 outpatient medical buildings for $23 million in November 2024 (see Note 5), the Company provided the buyer with a mortgage loan secured by the real estate sold for $405 million and $14 million, respectively. The remainder of the sales price was received in cash at the time of sales. The seller financing has an initial term that matures in July 2026 and includes two 12-month extension options. The interest rate on the seller financing is fixed at 6.0% for the initial term and increases to 6.5% during the optional extension periods. The Company also received a $1 million loan origination fee in connection with the loan, which is being recognized in interest income over the remaining term of the loan. In connection with this seller financing, the Company reduced the gain on sales of real estate and recognized a mark-to-market discount of $21 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. This discount is based on the difference between the stated interest rate and the corresponding prevailing market rate as of the transaction date. The discount is recognized as interest income over the term of the discounted loan using the effective interest rate method. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $3 million of non-cash interest income related to the amortization of this mark-to-market discount.
2025 Other Loans Receivable Transactions
In January 2025, the Company entered into a secured loan to provide up to $75 million to fund a portion of the acquisition and redevelopment of a lab building on a campus in San Diego, California. The initial term of this secured loan matures in January 2029 and includes one 12-month extension option. The stated fixed interest rate of this secured loan is 8%. Through January 2025, $28 million has been funded under this agreement.
In January 2025, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $15 million secured loan with an original maturity of July 2027. As a result of this repayment, the $85 million of remaining commitments as of December 31, 2024 to fund additional loans for outpatient medical capital expenditure projects was reduced to $67 million.
2024 Other Loans Receivable Transactions
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into and funded a $15 million mezzanine loan with a fixed interest rate of 11.00% and extended the maturity dates of the following: (i) one secured loan with an outstanding balance of $12 million from June 2024 to June 2025; (ii) one mezzanine loan with an outstanding balance of $2 million from May 2026 to May 2027; (iii) one mezzanine loan with an outstanding balance of $2 million from October 2024 to April 2026; and (iv) one mezzanine loan with an outstanding balance of $1 million from June 2024 to June 2025.
Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into a construction loan agreement to provide up to $36 million to fund a portion of the construction of an outpatient medical building. This secured loan matures in December 2028 and has a stated fixed interest rate of 8.00%. As of December 31, 2024, there were no fundings under this agreement.
2023 Other Loans Receivable Transactions
In February 2023, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $35 million secured loan.
In April 2023, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $14 million secured loan.
In May 2023, the Company received full repayment of two outstanding secured loans with an aggregate balance of $12 million.
Also in May 2023, the interest rate on one secured loan with an outstanding balance of $21 million was converted from a variable rate based on LIBOR to a variable rate based on Term SOFR (plus a 10 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition). In October 2023, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of this $21 million secured loan.
2022 Other Loans Receivable Transactions
In May 2022, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $2 million secured loan.
In November 2022, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of one $1 million mezzanine loan.
In December 2022, the Company extended the maturity dates of four secured loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of $61 million, originally scheduled to mature in December 2022, by one year to December 2023. In connection with the extensions, the interest rates on the loans were increased to a variable rate based on Term SOFR (plus a 10 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition) with a floor of 8.5% for the first six months of the extended term, increasing to a floor of 10.5% for the last six months of the extended term. All four of these secured loans were repaid during 2023 as discussed above.
CCRC Resident Loans
For certain residents that qualify, CCRCs may offer to lend residents the necessary funds to satisfy the entrance fee requirements so that they are able to move into a community while still continuing the process of selling their previous home. The loans are due upon sale of the resident’s previous home. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company held $61 million and $43 million, respectively, of such notes receivable.
Loans Receivable Internal Ratings
Refer to Note 2 for a discussion of the Company’s quarterly review process over its loans receivable and the related internal ratings process. The following table summarizes, by year of origination, the Company’s internal ratings for loans receivable, net of unamortized discounts, fees, and reserves for loan losses, as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Investment Type Year of Origination(1)
Total
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior
Secured loans
Risk rating:
Performing loans $ 433,801 $ 48,663 $ 25,232 $ 105,088 $ - $ - $ 612,784
Watch list loans - - - - - - -
Workout loans - - - - - - -
Total secured loans $ 433,801 $ 48,663 $ 25,232 $ 105,088 $ - $ - $ 612,784
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Current period recoveries - - - - - - -
Current period net write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Mezzanine loans
Risk rating:
Performing loans $ 13,653 $ 5,284 $ 4,446 $ 6,572 $ 10,094 $ 3,084 $ 43,133
Watch list loans - - - - - - -
Workout loans - - - - - - -
Total mezzanine loans $ 13,653 $ 5,284 $ 4,446 $ 6,572 $ 10,094 $ 3,084 $ 43,133
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Current period recoveries - - - - - - -
Current period net write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
CCRC resident loans
Risk rating:
Performing loans $ 59,321 $ 1,790 $ 162 $ - $ - $ - $ 61,273
Watch list loans - - - - - - -
Workout loans - - - - - - -
Total CCRC resident loans
$ 59,321 $ 1,790 $ 162 $ - $ - $ - $ 61,273
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Current period recoveries - - - - - - -
Current period net write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
_______________________________________
(1)Additional fundings under existing loans are included in the year of origination of the initial loan.
Reserve for Loan Losses
Refer to Note 2 for a discussion of the Company’s assessment of current expected credit losses for loans receivable and unfunded loan commitments. The following table summarizes the Company’s reserve for loan losses (in thousands):
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Secured Loans Mezzanine Loans and Other(1)
Total Secured Loans Mezzanine Loans and Other(1)
Total
Reserve for loan losses, beginning of period $ 2,830 $ - $ 2,830 $ 8,280 $ - $ 8,280
Provision for expected loan losses on funded loans receivable 2,744 4,925 7,669 2,088 - 2,088
Expected loan losses (recoveries) related to loans sold or repaid
- - - (7,538) - (7,538)
Reserve for loan losses, end of period $ 5,574 $ 4,925 $ 10,499 $ 2,830 $ - $ 2,830
_______________________________________
(1)Includes CCRC resident loans.
Additionally, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, a liability of $2.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, related to expected credit losses for unfunded loan commitments was included in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities.
The change in the reserve for expected loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2024 is primarily due to reserves recognized on secured loans and mezzanine loans receivable acquired as part of the Merger.
NOTE 9. Investments in and Advances to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The Company owns interests in the following entities that are accounted for under the equity method (dollars in thousands):
Carrying Amount
December 31,
Entity(1)
Segment Property Count(2)
Ownership %(2)
2024 2023
South San Francisco JVs(3)
Lab 7 70 $ 446,145 $ 393,374
SWF SH JV Other 19 54 322,551 332,693
Callan Ridge JV Lab 2 35 69,709 -
PMAK JV(4)
Outpatient medical 59 12 32,511 -
Lab JV Lab 1 49 29,916 31,761
Needham Land Parcel JV(5)
Lab - 38 21,348 17,084
Davis JV(4)
Outpatient medical 15 49 7,435 -
Outpatient Medical JVs(6)
Outpatient medical 2 20 - 67
7,199 7,941
$ 936,814 $ 782,853
_______________________________________
(1)These entities are not consolidated because the Company does not control, through voting rights or other means, the joint ventures.
(2)Property counts and ownership percentages are as of December 31, 2024.
(3)Includes multiple unconsolidated lab joint ventures in South San Francisco, California in which the Company holds a 70% ownership percentage in each joint venture. These joint ventures have been aggregated herein due to similarity of the investments and operations.
(4)Includes unconsolidated joint ventures acquired as part of the Merger (see Note 3). The properties underlying the PMAK JV are excluded from the Company’s total property count.
(5)Land held for development is excluded from the property count as of December 31, 2024.
(6)Includes two unconsolidated outpatient medical joint ventures in which the Company holds an ownership percentage as follows: (i) Ventures IV (20%) and (ii) Suburban Properties, LLC (67%). In April 2023, the Company acquired the remaining 80% interest in one of the two properties that were in the Ventures IV unconsolidated joint venture for $4 million (see Note 4). These joint ventures have been aggregated herein due to similarity of the investments and operations.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate unamortized basis difference of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures of $42 million and $49 million, respectively, is primarily attributable to the difference between the amount for which the Company purchased its interest in certain joint ventures and the historical carrying value of the net assets of the related joint ventures and capitalized interest related to the redevelopment activities at the South San Francisco JVs. The differences are amortized over the remaining useful lives of the related assets and are included in equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures.
South San Francisco JVs
On August 1, 2022, the Company sold a 30% interest in seven lab buildings in South San Francisco, California to a sovereign wealth fund (“SWF Partner”) for cash of $126 million. Following this transaction, the Company and the SWF Partner share in key decisions of the assets through their voting rights, resulting in the Company deconsolidating the assets, recognizing its retained 70% investment in the South San Francisco joint ventures (the “South San Francisco JVs”) at fair value, and accounting for its investment using the equity method. The fair values of the Company’s retained investment were based on a market approach, utilizing an agreed-upon contractual sales price, which is considered to be a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a gain upon change of control of $311 million, which is recorded in other income (expense), net.
The Company is entitled to a preferred return, a promote, and certain fees in exchange for development and asset management services provided to the South San Francisco JVs when certain conditions are met.
Callan Ridge JV
In January 2024, the Company sold a 65% interest in two lab buildings in San Diego, California (the “Callan Ridge JV”) to a third-party (the “JV Partner”) for net proceeds of $128 million. Following the transaction, the Company and the JV Partner share in key decisions of the assets through their voting rights, resulting in the Company deconsolidating the assets, recognizing its retained 35% investment in the Callan Ridge JV at fair value, and accounting for its investment using the equity method. The fair value of the Company’s retained investment was based on a market approach, utilizing an agreed-upon contractual sales price, which is considered to be a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a gain upon change of control of $78 million, which is recorded in other income (expense), net.
NOTE 10. Intangibles
Intangible assets primarily consist of lease-up intangibles and above market lease intangibles. The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible lease assets (dollars in thousands):
December 31,
Intangible lease assets 2024 2023
Gross intangible lease assets(1)
$ 1,468,985 $ 739,228
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(2)
(651,731) (425,072)
Intangible assets, net $ 817,254 $ 314,156
Weighted average remaining amortization period in years 5 5
_______________________________________
(1)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, includes $1.42 billion and $725 million, respectively, of gross lease-up intangibles and $45 million and $14 million, respectively, of gross above market lease intangibles.
(2)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, includes $640 million and $418 million, respectively, of accumulated depreciation and amortization on lease-up intangibles and $12 million and $7 million, respectively, of accumulated depreciation and amortization on above market lease intangibles.
Intangible liabilities consist of below market lease intangibles. The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible lease liabilities (dollars in thousands):
December 31,
Intangible lease liabilities 2024 2023
Gross intangible lease liabilities $ 351,602 $ 228,105
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (159,718) (100,725)
Intangible liabilities, net $ 191,884 $ 127,380
Weighted average remaining amortization period in years 9 7
The following table sets forth amortization related to intangible assets, net and intangible liabilities, net (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Depreciation and amortization expense related to amortization of lease-up intangibles $ 273,146 $ 102,249 $ 104,885
Rental and related revenues related to amortization of net below market lease liabilities 62,894 27,012 24,640
On the Closing Date of the Merger, the Company acquired intangible assets of $891 million, inclusive of $852 million of lease-up intangibles and $39 million of above market lease intangibles. Also on the Closing Date of the Merger, the Company assumed intangible liabilities of $150 million (see Note 3). The intangible assets and liabilities acquired had a weighted average amortization period at acquisition of 6 years and 9 years, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, in conjunction with the Company’s acquisition of real estate, the Company acquired $0.5 million of intangible assets with a weighted average amortization period at acquisition of 5 years.
The following table summarizes the estimated annual amortization for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter (in thousands):
Rental and Related Revenues Depreciation and Amortization
2025 $ 32,618 $ 256,925
2026 29,231 171,520
2027 23,304 107,925
2028 17,899 77,072
2029 13,168 53,829
Thereafter 42,816 117,135
$ 159,036 $ 784,406
Goodwill
On the Closing Date of the Merger, inclusive of measurement period adjustments, the Company recognized goodwill of $51 million, which was allocated to the Company’s outpatient medical segment (see Note 3). Goodwill is included in other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, goodwill was allocated to the Company’s segment assets as follows (in thousands):
Segment
December 31,
2024 December 31,
Outpatient medical
$ 64,680 $ 14,178
CCRC
1,998 1,998
Other non-reportable
1,851 1,851
$ 68,529 $ 18,027
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the fair value of the assets within each of the Company’s reporting units was greater than the respective carrying value of the assets and related goodwill, and as a result, no impairment charges were recognized.
NOTE 11. Debt
Healthpeak OP, the Company’s consolidated operating subsidiary, is the borrower under, and the Company, DOC DR Holdco, and DOC DR OP Sub are the guarantors of, the Revolving Facility, 2027 Term Loans, 2029 Term Loan, Commercial Paper Program (each as defined below), and senior unsecured notes issued by the Company prior to the Merger. DOC DR OP Sub is the borrower under, and the Company, Healthpeak OP, and DOC DR Holdco are guarantors of, the 2028 Term Loan (as defined below) and senior unsecured notes issued by the Physicians Partnership prior to, and assumed by the Company as part of, the Merger. Guarantees of senior unsecured notes are full and unconditional and applicable to existing and future senior unsecured notes.
The Merger
On March 1, 2024, upon the consummation of the Merger, the Company assumed senior unsecured term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $400 million (the “2028 Term Loan”) that mature in May 2028 (see Note 3) pursuant to an amendment to a term loan agreement originally executed by the Physicians Partnership, as borrower, and the other parties thereto. DOC DR OP Sub is the borrower under, and the Company, Healthpeak OP, and DOC DR Holdco are guarantors of, the 2028 Term Loan.
In connection with the assumption of the 2028 Term Loan, the Company acquired three related interest rate swap instruments that were redesignated as cash flow hedges as of the Closing Date. The 2028 Term Loan associated with these interest rate swap instruments is reported as fixed rate debt due to the Company having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instruments. Based on DOC DR OP Sub’s credit ratings as of December 31, 2024, the 2028 Term Loan had a blended fixed effective interest rate of 4.44%, inclusive of the impact of these interest rate swap instruments and amortization of the related premium. See also Note 22 for a discussion of the impact of the related interest rate swap instruments.
Loans outstanding under the 2028 Term Loan bear interest at an annual rate equal to (i) the applicable margin, plus (ii) Daily SOFR (plus a 10 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition). The applicable margin under the 2028 Term Loan ranges from 0.85% to 1.65% for Daily SOFR loans and is based on the credit ratings of DOC DR OP Sub. Based on the Company’s credit ratings as of December 31, 2024, and inclusive of the adjustment related to SOFR transition, the margin on the 2028 Term Loan was 1.00%.
Additionally, on March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, DOC DR OP Sub assumed, and the Company and Healthpeak OP guaranteed, Physicians Partnership’s $1.25 billion aggregate principal of senior unsecured notes (see Note 3), including: (i) $400 million aggregate principal amount of 4.30% senior unsecured notes due 2027, (ii) $350 million aggregate principal amount of 3.95% senior unsecured notes due 2028, and (iii) $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.63% senior unsecured notes due 2031. On the Closing Date, the Company capitalized $1 million of costs paid to the bondholders, which are being amortized into interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the terms of the related senior unsecured notes. The senior unsecured notes contain certain covenants that are consistent with Healthpeak OP’s previously issued senior unsecured notes, as further described below.
Lastly, on March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, the Company assumed $128 million aggregate principal of mortgage debt (see Note 3), which was secured by five outpatient medical buildings, with an aggregate carrying value of $259 million as of March 1, 2024. Of this $128 million, $59 million was fixed rate debt with a weighted average contractual interest rate of 3.77% and maturities ranging from November 2024 through December 2026 and $69 million was variable rate debt with a weighted average contractual interest rate of 7.25% and maturities ranging from December 2026 through November 2028. The Company recognized a net discount of $0.5 million on the $128 million aggregate principal of mortgage debt assumed on the Closing Date, which is being amortized into interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations using the effective interest rate method. The Company acquired one related interest rate swap instrument with a notional amount of $36 million of variable rate mortgage debt that was redesignated as a cash flow hedge as of the Closing Date (see Note 22), which matured in October 2024.
Bank Line of Credit and Term Loans
Revolving Facility
On May 23, 2019, the Company executed a $2.5 billion unsecured revolving line of credit facility, with a maturity date of May 23, 2023 and two six-month extension options, subject to certain customary conditions. In September 2021, the Company executed an amended and restated unsecured revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Facility”) to increase total revolving commitments from $2.5 billion to $3.0 billion and extend the maturity date to January 20, 2026 with two six-month extension options, subject to certain customary conditions. On February 10, 2023, the Company executed an amendment to the Revolving Facility to convert the interest rate benchmark from LIBOR to SOFR. On March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, the Company executed an amendment to the Revolving Facility to, among other things, join DOC DR Holdco and DOC DR OP Sub as guarantors of Healthpeak OP’s obligations under the Revolving Facility. In December 2024, the Company amended and restated its Revolving Facility to extend the maturity date to January 19, 2029. This maturity date may be further extended pursuant to two six-month extension options, subject to certain customary conditions. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility accrue interest at the applicable interest rate benchmark plus a margin that depends on the credit ratings of the Company’s senior unsecured long-term debt. The Company also pays a facility fee on the entire revolving commitment that depends on its credit ratings. Based on the Company’s credit ratings at December 31, 2024, and inclusive of a 10 basis point adjustment related to SOFR transition, the margin on the Revolving Facility was 0.88% and the facility fee was 0.15%. The Revolving Facility includes a feature that allows the Company to increase the borrowing capacity by an aggregate amount of up to $750 million, subject to securing additional commitments. At each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no balance outstanding under the Revolving Facility.
Term Loan Agreement
On August 22, 2022, the Company executed a term loan agreement (as amended or modified as described herein, the “Term Loan Agreement”) that provided for two senior unsecured delayed draw term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $500 million (the “2027 Term Loans”). The 2027 Term Loans were available to be drawn from time to time during a 180-day period after closing, subject to customary borrowing conditions, and the Company drew the entirety of the $500 million under the 2027 Term Loans in October 2022. $250 million of the 2027 Term Loans have an initial stated maturity of 4.5 years, which may be extended for a one-year period subject to certain customary conditions. The other $250 million of the 2027 Term Loans has a stated maturity of five years with no option to extend.
Loans outstanding under the 2027 Term Loans accrue interest at Term SOFR plus a margin that depends on the credit ratings of the Company’s senior unsecured long-term debt. The 2027 Term Loans also include a sustainability-linked pricing component whereby the applicable margin under the 2027 Term Loans may be reduced by 0.01% based on the Company’s achievement of specified sustainability-linked metrics. Based on the Company’s credit ratings as of December 31, 2024, and inclusive of achievement of a sustainability-linked metric and an adjustment related to SOFR transition, the margin on the 2027 Term Loans was 0.94%.
In August 2022, the Company entered into two forward-starting interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges (see Note 22). The 2027 Term Loans associated with these interest rate swap instruments are reported as fixed rate debt due to the Company having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instruments. Based on the Company’s credit ratings as of December 31, 2024, the 2027 Term Loans had a blended fixed effective interest rate of 3.76%, inclusive of the impact of these interest rate swap instruments and amortization of the related debt issuance costs.
On March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, the Company executed an amendment to the Term Loan Agreement pursuant to which (i) the maximum incremental borrowing capacity under the Term Loan Agreement was increased from $1.0 billion to $1.5 billion, subject to securing additional commitments, (ii) the Company borrowed senior unsecured term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million with a stated maturity of five years (the “2029 Term Loan”), and (iii) DOC DR Holdco and DOC DR OP Sub were joined as guarantors of Healthpeak OP’s obligations under the Term Loan Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the unused borrowing capacity under the Term Loan Agreement was $250 million.
Loans outstanding under the 2029 Term Loan accrue interest at Daily SOFR plus a margin that depends on the credit ratings of the Company’s senior unsecured long-term debt. Based on the Company’s credit ratings as of December 31, 2024, and inclusive of an adjustment related to SOFR transition, the margin on the 2029 Term Loan was 0.95%.
In January 2024, the Company entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges (see Note 22). The 2029 Term Loan associated with these interest rate swaps is reported as fixed rate debt due to the Company having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instruments. Based on the Company’s credit ratings as of December 31, 2024, the 2029 Term Loan had a blended fixed effective interest rate of 4.66%, inclusive of the impact of these interest rate swap instruments and amortization of the related debt issuance costs.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $1.25 billion and $500 million, respectively, of loans outstanding under the Term Loan Agreement.
The Revolving Facility, 2027 Term Loans, 2028 Term Loan, and 2029 Term Loan are subject to certain financial restrictions and other customary requirements, including financial covenants and cross-default provisions to other indebtedness. Among other things, these covenants, using terms defined in the applicable agreement: (i) limit the ratio of Enterprise Total Indebtedness to Enterprise Gross Asset Value to 60%; (ii) limit the ratio of Enterprise Secured Debt to Enterprise Gross Asset Value to 40%; (iii) limit the ratio of Enterprise Unsecured Debt to Enterprise Unencumbered Asset Value to 60%; (iv) require a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage ratio of 1.5 times; and (v) require a minimum Consolidated Tangible Net Worth of $7.7 billion. The Company believes it was in compliance with each of these covenants at December 31, 2024.
Commercial Paper Program
In September 2019, the Company established an unsecured commercial paper program (the “Commercial Paper Program”). Under the terms of the Commercial Paper Program, the Company may issue, from time to time, short-term unsecured notes with varying maturities. Amounts available under the Commercial Paper Program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. At each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the maximum aggregate face or principal amount that could be outstanding at any one time was $2.0 billion. Amounts borrowed under the Commercial Paper Program will be sold on terms that are customary for the U.S. commercial paper market and will be at least equal in right of payment with all of the Company’s other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The Company uses its Revolving Facility as a liquidity backstop for the repayment of short-term unsecured notes issued under the Commercial Paper Program. During each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized $9 million of interest expense related to fees and amortization of debt issuance costs related to its Commercial Paper Program and Revolving Facility. At December 31, 2024, the Company had $150 million of notes outstanding under the Commercial Paper Program, with original maturities of approximately 25 days and a weighted average interest rate of 4.65%. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $720 million of notes outstanding under the Commercial Paper Program, with original maturities of approximately 37 days and a weighted average interest rate of 5.70%.
Senior Unsecured Notes
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had senior unsecured notes outstanding with an aggregate principal balance of $6.7 billion and $5.5 billion, respectively. The senior unsecured notes contain certain covenants including limitations on debt, maintenance of unencumbered assets, cross-acceleration provisions, and other customary terms. The Company believes it was in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2024.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no issuances, repurchases, or redemptions of senior unsecured notes; however, as described above, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, the Company assumed $1.25 billion aggregate principal of senior unsecured notes.
The following table summarizes the Company’s senior unsecured note issuances for the year ended December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Issue Date Amount Coupon Rate Maturity Year
January 17, 2023 $ 400,000 5.25 % 2032
May 10, 2023(1)
350,000 5.25 % 2032
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(1)In May 2023, the Company issued $350 million of 5.25% senior unsecured notes due 2032, which constituted an additional issuance of, and are treated as a single series with, the $400 million of senior unsecured notes due 2032 issued in January 2023.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no repurchases or redemptions of senior unsecured notes. During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no issuances, repurchases, or redemptions of senior unsecured notes.
In February 2025, the Company repaid $348 million aggregate principal amount of 3.40% senior unsecured notes at maturity.
Mortgage Debt
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $356 million and $255 million, respectively, in aggregate principal of mortgage debt outstanding. At December 31, 2024, this mortgage debt was secured by 19 outpatient medical buildings and 2 CCRCs, with an aggregate carrying value of $770 million. At December 31, 2023, this mortgage debt was secured by 15 outpatient medical buildings and 2 CCRCs, with an aggregate carrying value of $587 million.
Mortgage debt generally requires monthly principal and interest payments, is collateralized by real estate assets, and is non-recourse. Mortgage debt typically requires maintenance of the assets in good condition, includes conditions to obtain lender consent to enter into or terminate material leases, requires insurance on the assets, requires payment of real estate taxes, restricts transfer of the encumbered assets and repayment of the loan, and prohibits additional liens. Some of the mortgage debt may require tenants or operators to maintain compliance with the applicable leases or operating agreements of such real estate assets.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company made aggregate principal repayments of mortgage debt of $27 million, $90 million, and $5 million, respectively (excluding mortgage debt on assets held for sale and discontinued operations). Included in the $27 million of aggregate principal payments of mortgage debt for the year ended December 31, 2024 was a $23 million full principal repayment of mortgage debt secured by one outpatient medical building acquired as part of the Merger that matured in November 2024. Included in the $90 million of aggregate principal repayments of mortgage debt for the year ended December 31, 2023 was an $85 million full principal repayment of mortgage debt secured by one CCRC that matured in December 2023.
The Company has $142 million of mortgage debt secured by a portfolio of 13 outpatient medical buildings that matures in May 2026. In April 2022, the Company terminated its existing interest rate cap instruments associated with this variable rate mortgage debt and entered into two interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges and mature in May 2026. In February 2023, the agreements associated with this variable rate mortgage debt were amended to change the interest rate benchmarks from LIBOR to SOFR, effective March 2023. Concurrently, the Company modified the related interest rate swap instruments to reflect the change in the interest rate benchmarks from LIBOR to SOFR (see Note 22). The variable rate mortgage debt associated with these interest rate swap instruments is reported as fixed rate debt due to the Company having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instrument.
Debt Maturities
The following table summarizes the Company’s stated debt maturities and scheduled principal repayments at December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Senior Unsecured Notes(3)
Mortgage Debt(4)
Year Bank Line of Credit(1)
Commercial Paper(1)(2)
Term Loans
Amount Interest Rate(5)
Amount Interest Rate(5)
Total
2025 $ - $ - $ - $ 800,000 3.92 % $ 7,432 6.28 % $ 807,432
2026 - - - 650,000 3.40 % 344,999 5.13 % 994,999
2027 - - 500,000 850,000 3.23 % 842 5.59 % 1,350,842
2028 - - 400,000 850,000 3.53 % 2,775 5.34 % 1,252,775
2029 - 150,000 750,000 650,000 3.65 % - - % 1,550,000
Thereafter - - - 2,900,000 4.51 % - - % 2,900,000
- 150,000 1,650,000 6,700,000 356,048 8,856,048
Premiums, (discounts), and debt issuance costs, net - - (3,957) (136,744) 702 (139,999)
$ - $ 150,000 $ 1,646,043 $ 6,563,256 $ 356,750 $ 8,716,049
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(1)As of December 31, 2024, total unamortized debt issuance costs for the Revolving Facility and Commercial Paper Program were $18 million, which are recorded in other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)Commercial Paper Program borrowings are backstopped by the availability under the Revolving Facility. As such, the Company calculates the weighted average remaining term of its Commercial Paper Program borrowings using the maturity date of the Revolving Facility.
(3)Effective interest rates on the senior unsecured notes range from 1.54% to 6.87% with a weighted average effective interest rate of 3.96% and a weighted average maturity of approximately 5 years.
(4)Effective interest rates on the mortgage debt range from 3.44% to 8.50% with a weighted average effective interest rate of 5.16% and a weighted average maturity of approximately 2 years. These interest rates include the impact of designated interest rate swap instruments, which effectively fix the interest rate on certain variable rate debt.
(5)Represents the weighted-average effective interest rate as of the end of the applicable period, including amortization of debt premiums (discounts) and debt issuance costs.
NOTE 12. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company is a party to legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims that arise in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. The Company is not aware of any legal proceedings or claims that it believes may have, individually or taken together, a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company’s policy is to expense legal costs as they are incurred.
DownREITs and Other Partnerships
In connection with the formation of DownREITs, members may contribute appreciated real estate to a DownREIT in exchange for DownREIT units. These contributions are generally tax-deferred, so that the pre-contribution gain related to the property is not taxed to the member. However, if a contributed property is later sold by the DownREIT, the unamortized pre-contribution gain that exists at the date of sale is specifically allocated and taxed to the contributing members. In many of the DownREITs, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with those members who contributed appreciated property into the DownREIT. Under these indemnification agreements, if any of the appreciated real estate contributed by the members is sold by the DownREIT in a taxable transaction within a specified number of years, the Company will reimburse the affected members for the federal and state income taxes associated with the pre-contribution gain that is specially allocated to the affected member under the Internal Revenue Code (“make-whole payments”). These make-whole payments include a tax gross-up provision. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had indemnification agreements on a total of 41 properties within its DownREITs. In January 2025, indemnification agreements on 13 properties expired.
Additionally, the Company owns a 49% interest in the Lab JV (see Note 9). If the property in the joint venture is sold in a taxable transaction, the Company is generally obligated to indemnify its joint venture partner for its federal and state income taxes associated with the gain that existed at the time of the contribution to the joint venture.
Commitments
The following table summarizes the Company’s material commitments, excluding obligations as the lessee under operating leases (see Note 7), commitments to fund additional loans for outpatient medical capital expenditure projects (see Note 8), debt service obligations (see Note 11), and potential future obligations related to redeemable noncontrolling interests (see Note 13) at December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Amount
Development and redevelopment commitments(1)
$ 199,139
Lease and other contractual commitments(2)
84,654
Letters of credit(3)
11,929
$ 295,722
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(1)Represents construction and other commitments as of December 31, 2024 for developments and redevelopments in progress and includes allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements that the Company has provided as a lessor.
(2)Represents the Company’s commitments, as lessor, under signed leases and contracts for operating properties as of December 31, 2024 and includes allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements and leasing commissions. Excludes allowances for Company-owned tenant improvements related to developments and redevelopments in progress for which the Company has executed an agreement with a general contractor to complete the tenant improvements (recognized in the “Development and redevelopment commitments” line).
(3)Represents 15 outstanding letter of credit obligations expiring in 2025 and one outstanding letter of credit obligation expiring in 2026.
Environmental Costs
Various environmental laws govern certain aspects of the ongoing management and operation of our facilities, including those related to presence of asbestos-containing materials. The presence of, or the failure to manage and/or remediate, such materials may adversely affect the occupancy and performance of the Company’s facilities. The Company monitors its properties for the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances and is not aware of any environmental liability with respect to the properties that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. The Company carries environmental insurance and believes that the policy terms, conditions, limitations, and deductibles are adequate and appropriate under the circumstances, given the relative risk of loss, the cost of such coverage, and current industry practice.
General Uninsured Losses
The Company obtains various types of insurance to mitigate the impact of property, business interruption, liability, workers’ compensation, flood, windstorm, earthquake, environmental, cyber, and terrorism related losses. The Company attempts to obtain appropriate policy terms, conditions, limits, and deductibles considering the relative risk of loss, the cost of such coverage, and current industry practice. There are, however, certain types of extraordinary losses, such as those due to acts of war or other events that may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable. In addition, the Company has a large number of properties that are exposed to earthquake, flood, and windstorm occurrences for which the related insurances carry high deductibles and have limits.
NOTE 13. Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Dividends
On February 3, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock cash dividend of $0.305 per share, reflecting an increase from $0.30 to $0.305 per share. The common stock cash dividend will be paid on February 26, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 14, 2025.
During each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company declared and paid common stock cash dividends of $1.20.
Issuance of Common Stock in Connection with the Merger
Pursuant to the terms set forth in the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, each outstanding share of Physicians Realty Trust (other than Physicians Realty Trust common shares that were canceled in accordance with the Merger Agreement) automatically converted into the right to receive 0.674 shares of the Company’s common stock. Based on the number of outstanding Physicians Realty Trust common shares as of the Closing Date, the Company issued 162 million shares of common stock. Refer to Note 3 for additional information regarding the Merger.
At-The-Market Equity Offering Program
In February 2023, in connection with the Reorganization, the Company terminated the previous at-the-market equity offering program (as amended from time to time, the “2020 ATM Program”) and established a new at-the-market equity offering program (the “2023 ATM Program” and, together with the 2020 ATM Program, the “ATM Programs”). The 2023 ATM Program was amended in March 2024 to contemplate the sale of the remaining shares of common stock pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on February 8, 2024. The ATM Programs allow for the sale of shares of common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $1.5 billion (i) by the Company through a consortium of banks acting as sales agents or directly to the banks acting as principals or (ii) by a consortium of banks acting as forward sellers on behalf of any forward purchasers pursuant to a forward sale agreement (each, an “ATM forward contract”). The use of ATM forward contracts allows the Company to lock in a share price on the sale of shares at the time the ATM forward contract becomes effective, but defer receiving the proceeds from the sale of shares until a later date.
ATM forward contracts generally have a one- to two-year term. At any time during the term, the Company may settle a forward sale by delivery of physical shares of common stock to the forward seller or, at the Company’s election, in cash or net shares. The forward sale price the Company expects to receive upon settlement of outstanding ATM forward contracts will be the initial forward price established upon the effective date, subject to adjustments for: (i) accrued interest, (ii) the forward purchasers’ stock borrowing costs, and (iii) certain fixed price reductions during the term of the ATM forward contract.
At December 31, 2024, $1.5 billion of the Company’s common stock remained available for sale under the 2023 ATM Program.
ATM Forward Contracts
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company utilized the forward provisions under the 2020 ATM Program to allow for the sale of an aggregate of 9.1 million shares of its common stock at an initial weighted average net price of $35.25 per share, after commissions. In December 2022, the Company settled all 9.1 million shares previously outstanding under ATM forward contracts at a weighted average net price of $34.01 per share, after commissions, resulting in net proceeds of $308 million. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 the Company did not utilize the forward provisions under the ATM Programs.
ATM Direct Issuances
During each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, there were no direct issuances of shares of common stock under the ATM Programs.
Share Repurchase Programs
On August 1, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which the Company could acquire shares of its common stock in the open market up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million (the “2022 Share Repurchase Program”). Purchases of common stock under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program could be exercised at the Company’s discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. Under Maryland General Corporation Law, outstanding shares of common stock acquired by a corporation become authorized but unissued shares, which may be re-issued. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 2.1 million shares of its common stock under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of $27.16 per share for a total of $56 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no repurchases under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 10.5 million shares of its common stock under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of $17.98 per share for a total of $188 million.
On July 24, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program (the “2024 Share Repurchase Program”) to supersede and replace the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. Upon adoption of the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, no further share repurchases may be made pursuant to the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. Under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, the Company may acquire shares of its common stock in the open market or other similar purchase techniques (including in compliance with the safe harbor provisions of Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or pursuant to one or more plans adopted under Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act), up to an aggregate purchase price of $500 million. Purchases of common stock under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program may be exercised at the Company’s discretion with the timing and number of shares repurchased depending on a variety of factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. The 2024 Share Repurchase Program expires in July 2026 and may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. As of December 31, 2024, no shares have been repurchased under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program. Therefore, at December 31, 2024, $500 million of the Company’s common stock remained available for repurchase under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program.
Other Common Stock Activities
The following table summarizes the Company’s other common stock activities (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan $ 57 $ 70 $ 59
Conversion of DownREIT units 256 72 27
Vesting of restricted stock units 377 613 820
Repurchase of common stock 10,592 241 2,418
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):
December 31,
2024 2023
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net $ 30,707 $ 21,245
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan minimum liability (1,889) (1,874)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ 28,818 $ 19,371
The Company has a defined benefit pension plan, known as the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, with one plan participant, a former Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company who departed in 2003. Changes to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan minimum liability are reflected in other comprehensive income (loss).
Noncontrolling Interests
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Arrangements with noncontrolling interest holders are assessed for appropriate balance sheet classification based on the redemption and other rights held by the noncontrolling interest holder. Certain of the Company’s noncontrolling interest holders have the ability to put their equity interests to the Company upon specified events or after the passage of a predetermined period of time (the “Option Requirements”). Each put option is payable in cash and subject to changes in redemption value in the event that the underlying property generates specified returns for the Company and meets certain promote thresholds pursuant to the respective agreements. Accordingly, the Company records redeemable noncontrolling interests outside of permanent equity and presents the redeemable noncontrolling interests at the greater of their carrying amount or redemption value at the end of each reporting period. In addition to the rights of the redeemable noncontrolling interest holders, once the Option Requirements have been met, the Company has the ability to buy out the interests of the noncontrolling interest holders. The values of the redeemable noncontrolling interests are subject to change based on the assessment of redemption value at each redemption date.
On March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, the Company assumed one redeemable noncontrolling interest, which had not yet met the conditions for redemption as of December 31, 2024. This interest will become redeemable in September 2025.
In April 2024, the Company exercised its option to buy out four redeemable noncontrolling interests that met the criteria for redemption. Accordingly, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company made aggregate cash payments for the total redemption value of $53 million to the related noncontrolling interest holders and acquired the redeemable noncontrolling interests associated with the entities.
Healthpeak OP
Immediately following the Reorganization, Healthpeak Properties, Inc. was the initial sole member and 100% owner of Healthpeak OP. Subsequent to the Reorganization, OP Unitholders were issued approximately 2 million OP Units during the year ended December 31, 2023, all of which were LTIP Units (as defined in Note 15). During the year ended December 31, 2024, OP Unitholders were issued approximately 2 million OP Units, all of which were LTIP Units. When certain conditions are met, the OP Unitholders have the right to require redemption of part or all of their OP Units for cash or shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option as managing member of Healthpeak OP. The per unit redemption amount is equal to either one share of the Company’s common stock or cash equal to the fair value of a share of common stock at the time of redemption. The Company classifies the OP Units in permanent equity because it may elect, in its sole discretion, to issue shares of its common stock to OP Unitholders who choose to redeem their OP Units rather than using cash. As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 3 million OP Units outstanding and 76 thousand had met the criteria for redemption. As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 2 million OP Units outstanding, none of which had met the criteria for redemption.
DownREITs
The non-managing member units of the Company’s DownREITs are exchangeable for an amount of cash approximating the then-current market value of shares of the Company’s common stock or, at the Company’s option, shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain adjustments, such as stock splits and reclassifications). Upon exchange of DownREIT units for the Company’s common stock, the carrying amount of the DownREIT units is reclassified to stockholders’ equity. At December 31, 2024, there were approximately 11 million DownREIT units (14 million shares of Healthpeak common stock are issuable upon conversion) outstanding in eight DownREIT LLCs, for all of which the Company holds a controlling interest and/or acts as the managing member. At December 31, 2024, the carrying value of the 11 million DownREIT units was $310 million. At December 31, 2023, there were approximately 5 million DownREIT units (7 million shares of Healthpeak common stock are issuable upon conversion) outstanding in seven DownREIT LLCs, for all of which the Company acts as the managing member. At December 31, 2023, the carrying value of the 5 million DownREIT units was $199 million.
NOTE 14. Earnings Per Common Share
Basic income (loss) per common share (“EPS”) is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted income (loss) per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the impact of forward equity sales agreements using the treasury stock method, common shares issuable from the assumed conversion of DownREIT units, stock options, certain performance restricted stock units, OP Units, and unvested restricted stock units. Only those instruments having a dilutive impact on the Company’s basic income (loss) per share are included in diluted income (loss) per share during the periods presented.
Certain restricted stock units are considered participating securities, because dividend payments are not forfeited even if the underlying award does not vest, and require use of the two-class method when computing basic and diluted earnings per share.
The Company considers the potential dilution resulting from forward agreements under its ATM Programs to the calculation of earnings per share. At inception, the agreements do not have an effect on the computation of basic EPS as no shares are delivered until settlement. However, the Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the dilution, if any, resulting from the forward sales agreements during the period of time prior to settlement. Refer to Note 13 for a discussion of the sale of shares under and settlement of forward sales agreements during the periods presented.
The following table illustrates the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Numerator - Basic
Income (loss) from continuing operations $ 267,303 $ 334,757 $ 513,540
Noncontrolling interests’ share in continuing operations (24,161) (28,748) (15,975)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Healthpeak Properties, Inc. 243,142 306,009 497,565
Less: Participating securities’ share in continuing operations (758) (1,725) (2,657)
Income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to common shares 242,384 304,284 494,908
Income (loss) from discontinued operations - - 2,884
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 242,384 $ 304,284 $ 497,792
Numerator - Dilutive
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 242,384 $ 304,284 $ 497,792
Add: distributions on dilutive convertible units and other 107 - -
Dilutive net income (loss) available to common shares $ 242,491 $ 304,284 $ 497,792
Denominator
Basic weighted average shares outstanding 675,680 547,006 538,809
Dilutive potential common shares - equity awards(1)
148 269 338
Dilutive potential common shares - OP Units(2)
405 - -
Diluted weighted average common shares 676,233 547,275 539,147
Basic earnings (loss) per common share
Continuing operations $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
Discontinued operations - - 0.00
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
Continuing operations $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
Discontinued operations - - 0.00
Net income (loss) applicable to common shares $ 0.36 $ 0.56 $ 0.92
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(1)For all periods presented, represents the dilutive impact of 1 million outstanding equity awards (restricted stock units and stock options).
(2)For the year ended December 31, 2024, represents the dilutive impact of 3 million outstanding OP Units.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, all 14 million, 7 million, and 7 million shares issuable upon conversion of DownREIT units, respectively, were not included because they were anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, forward equity sales agreements had no dilutive impact as no shares were outstanding under ATM forward contracts during the year. For the year ended December 31, 2022, all shares that were settled during the year then ended were anti-dilutive.
NOTE 15. Compensation Plans
Stock-Based Compensation
On May 11, 2006, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2006 Performance Incentive Plan, which was amended and restated in 2009 (the “2006 Plan”). On May 1, 2014, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2014 Performance Incentive Plan, which was amended and restated in 2019 and further amended in 2023 (the “2014 Plan”). Following the adoption of the 2014 Plan, no new awards were issued under the 2006 Plan. On April 27, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2023 Performance Plan (the “2023 Plan” and collectively with the 2006 Plan and the 2014 Plan, the “Plans”). Following the adoption of the 2023 Plan, no new awards may be issued under the 2014 Plan. The Plans provide for the granting of stock-based compensation to officers, employees, and directors, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and with respect to the 2014 and 2023 Plans, profits interests in Healthpeak OP (“LTIP Units”). The maximum number of shares reserved for awards under the 2023 Plan is 31 million shares, and, as of December 31, 2024, 28 million of the reserved shares under the 2023 Plan are available for future awards, of which 19 million shares may be issued as restricted stock, restricted stock units, or LTIP Units.
Restricted Stock Units
Under the Plans, time-based restricted stock units and market-based restricted stock units (collectively, “Restricted Stock Units”) are granted subject to certain restrictions. Conditions of vesting are determined at the time of grant. Restrictions on certain awards generally lapse, as provided in the Plans or in the applicable award agreement, upon retirement, a change in control, or other specified events. The fair market value of Restricted Stock Units is expensed over the period of vesting. Time-based restricted stock units, which vest based solely upon passage of time, generally vest on a graded schedule over a period of one to five years. The fair value of time-based restricted stock units is determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s shares on the grant date. Market-based restricted stock units, which vest dependent upon attainment of total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance that equal or exceed threshold levels as measured against certain peer and industry benchmarks, generally vest in their entirety at the end of a three-year performance period. The number of shares that ultimately vest based on performance can vary from 0% to 200% of target depending on the level of achievement of the performance criteria. The fair value of market-based restricted stock units is determined based on the Monte Carlo valuation model primarily using the following assumptions for awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively: (i) expected term of 3 years, 3 years, and 3 years (equal to the remaining performance period at the grant date), (ii) historical volatility of 26.0%, 33.0%, and 38.9%, (iii) dividend yield of 5.2%, 4.4%, and 3.5%, (iv) risk-free rate of 4.5%, 4.4%, and 1.8%, and (v) post-vesting restrictions discount of 10.0%, 10.0%, and 5.8%. The total grant date fair value of time-based restricted stock units and market-based restricted stock units granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $11 million, $9 million, and $27 million, respectively. The total fair value (at vesting) of time-based restricted stock units and market-based restricted stock units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $7 million, $16 million, and $27 million, respectively.
Upon vesting of Restricted Stock Units, the participant is required to pay the related tax withholding obligation, as applicable. The Company reduces the number of common stock shares delivered to pay the employee tax withholding obligation. The value of the shares withheld is dependent on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the trading date prior to the relevant transaction occurring. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company withheld 123,000, 241,000, and 356,000 shares, respectively, to offset tax withholding obligations with respect to the vesting of the Restricted Stock Units.
LTIP Units
During each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 2 million LTIP Units were issued to officers of the Company. These awards are designed to qualify as “profits interests” in Healthpeak OP for federal income tax purposes. Such interests are initially not economically equivalent in value to a share of common stock until reaching one-for-one parity with the Company’s common stock, subject to any vesting conditions applicable to the award. When certain conditions are met, LTIP Units are converted to common units, which may then be redeemed for cash or shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option as managing member of Healthpeak OP (see also Note 13).
Under the Plans, time-based LTIP Units and market-based LTIP Units (collectively, “LTIP Units”), are granted subject to certain restrictions. Time-based LTIP Units, which vest solely upon passage of time, generally vest over a period of three to six years. The fair value of the time-based LTIP Units is determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s shares on the grant date less a discount for post-vesting restrictions, liquidity risk, and uncertainty of the time-based LTIP Units reaching parity. The market-based LTIP Units are granted at the maximum potential payout, inclusive of expected distributions during the performance period. Market-based LTIP Units, which vest dependent upon attainment of various levels of TSR performance that equal or exceed threshold levels as measured against certain peer and industry benchmarks, generally vest in their entirety at the end of a three-year performance period. The number of market-based LTIP Units that ultimately vest can vary from 0% to 200% of target depending on the level of achievement of the performance criteria, and any difference from the original grant are forfeited. The fair value of market-based LTIP Units granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is determined based on the Monte Carlo valuation model using the same assumptions as market-based restricted stock units described above less a discount for post-vesting restrictions, liquidity risk, and uncertainty of the market-based LTIP Units reaching parity with the value of the Company’s common stock and the vesting terms of the awards. The total grant date fair value of LTIP Units granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $13 million and $29 million. The total fair value (at vesting) of LTIP Units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3 million and $2 million.
Dividends and Distributions
Holders of time-based restricted stock units and time-based LTIP Units are generally entitled to receive dividends and distributions, respectively, equal to the amount that would be paid on an equivalent number of shares of common stock. Market-based restricted stock units receive cumulative cash dividends upon vesting for the entirety of the performance period based on the level of achievement of the performance criteria. The market-based LTIP Units receive cash distributions equal to 10% of the quarterly dividends paid on the Company’s common stock during the performance period. Based on the level of achievement of the performance criteria at the end of the performance period, the market-based LTIP Units receive distributions in the form of additional LTIP Units for amounts ultimately vested during the performance period, less cash distributions already paid.
Stock Options
There have been no grants of stock options since 2014. Stock options outstanding and exercisable were zero at December 31, 2024 and 0.2 million at December 31, 2023. There were no stock options exercised under the Plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. No compensation cost related to stock options was incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.
The following table summarizes Restricted Stock Unit and LTIP Unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 (units in thousands):
Restricted Stock Units
LTIP Units
Number of Units
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value Number of Units Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2024 879 $ 29.91 1,894 $ 14.26
Granted 597 17.69 1,511 8.75
Vested (377) 28.88 (199) 17.43
Forfeited (224) 27.20 (304) 12.70
Unvested at December 31, 2024 875 $ 22.70 2,902 $ 10.88
Total stock-based compensation cost was $20 million, $19 million, and $32 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, which was recognized in general and administrative expenses. The year ended December 31, 2022 included $10 million of severance-related charges resulting from a decrease in the requisite service period of restricted stock units associated with the Company's former CEO, as further described below. Of the total stock-based compensation cost, $4 million was capitalized as part of real estate for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. As of December 31, 2024, there was $22 million of future expenses related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements granted under the Company’s incentive plans, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years associated with future employee service. Compensation cost recognized for all Restricted Stock Units and LTIP Units is net of actual forfeitures.
Departure of Executives
On October 6, 2022, the Company and Thomas M. Herzog mutually agreed that Mr. Herzog would step down from his position as CEO and from the board of directors of the Company, effective immediately. On November 1, 2022, the Company and Troy E. McHenry mutually agreed that Mr. McHenry would step down from his position as Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel, effective immediately. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recognized total severance-related charges of $33 million in general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, $10 million of which related to a decrease in the requisite service period of Restricted Stock Units as discussed above. These Restricted Stock Units continue to vest in accordance with the original terms of the grants. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $4 million and $8 million of these severance-related charges have not yet been paid and were included in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
NOTE 16. Segment Disclosures
The Company’s operating segments, based on how its CODM, the President and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the business and allocates resources, are as follows: (i) outpatient medical, (ii) lab, (iii) CCRC, (iv) an interest in an unconsolidated joint venture that owns 19 senior housing assets (the “SWF SH JV”), and (v) loans receivable. The Company’s reportable segments, as determined in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, are as follows: (i) outpatient medical, (ii) lab, and (iii) CCRC. The SWF SH JV and loans receivable are non-reportable segments that have been presented on a combined basis within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the Company’s Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (see Note 2).
The CODM evaluates performance based on property Adjusted NOI. Adjusted NOI is used to evaluate performance because it provides relevant and useful information by reflecting only income and operating expense items that are incurred at the property level and presenting it on an unlevered basis. Adjusted NOI represents real estate revenues (inclusive of rental and related revenues, resident fees and services, and government grant income and exclusive of interest income), less property level operating expenses; Adjusted NOI excludes all other financial statement amounts included in net income (loss). Adjusted NOI eliminates the effects of straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, termination fees, actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, and the impact of deferred community fee income and expense.
Adjusted NOI is calculated as Adjusted NOI from consolidated properties, plus the Company’s share of Adjusted NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying the Company’s actual ownership percentage for the period), less noncontrolling interests’ share of Adjusted NOI from consolidated joint ventures (calculated by applying the Company’s actual ownership percentage for the period). Management utilizes its share of Adjusted NOI in assessing its performance as the Company has various joint ventures that contribute to its performance.
Segment assets consist of real estate assets, intangible assets, and right-of-use assets. Non-segment assets consist of assets in the Company’s other non-reportable segments and corporate non-segment assets. Corporate non-segment assets consist primarily of corporate assets, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other assets, and real estate assets held for sale. Reportable segment asset information is not provided to the CODM as the CODM does not use segment asset information to evaluate the business and allocate resources.
The following tables summarize information for the reportable segments for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Outpatient Medical Lab CCRC Total
Total revenues $ 1,205,744 $ 881,452 $ 568,475 $ 2,655,671
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture total revenues 24,041 19,733 - 43,774
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture total revenues (37,643) (196) - (37,839)
Operating expenses(1)
(405,993) (239,620) (429,248) (1,074,861)
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture operating expenses (9,034) (6,366) - (15,400)
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture operating expenses 10,582 52 - 10,634
Adjustments to NOI(2)
(38,967) (64,449) (3,123) (106,539)
Adjusted NOI for reportable segments $ 748,730 $ 590,606 $ 136,104 $ 1,475,440
Plus: Adjustments to NOI(2)
106,539
Interest income and other 44,778
Interest expense (280,430)
Depreciation and amortization (1,057,205)
General and administrative (97,162)
Transaction and merger-related costs (132,685)
Impairments and loan loss reserves, net (22,978)
Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net 178,695
Other income (expense), net 59,345
Less: Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture Adjusted NOI (28,374)
Plus: Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture Adjusted NOI 27,205
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures $ 273,168
_______________________________________
(1)See reconciliation of significant expense categories below.
(2)Represents straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, net, actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, deferral of community fees, and termination fees. Includes the Company’s share of income (loss) generated by unconsolidated joint ventures and excludes noncontrolling interests’ share of income (loss) generated by consolidated joint ventures.
The following table summarizes the Company’s significant expense categories by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Outpatient Medical Lab CCRC
Compensation and property management
$ 56,066 $ 33,058 $ 277,686
Food
- - 26,513
Real estate taxes
95,286 78,488 15,472
Repairs and maintenance
61,409 30,555 18,373
Utilities
69,690 50,793 22,309
Other segment items(1)
123,542 46,726 68,895
Operating expenses
$ 405,993 $ 239,620 $ 429,248
_______________________________________
(1)Other segment items for each segment include:
•Outpatient medical and lab - (i) Cleaning expense, (ii) ground rent expense, (iii) insurance expense, (iv) roads and grounds expense, (v) security expense, and (vi) other administrative expense.
•CCRC - (i) Cleaning and supplies, (ii) insurance expense, (iii) marketing expense, and (iv) other administrative expense.
The following tables summarize information for the reportable segments for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Outpatient Medical Lab CCRC Total
Total revenues $ 753,479 $ 878,326 $ 527,417 $ 2,159,222
Government grant income(1)
- - 184 184
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture total revenues 3,033 9,924 - 12,957
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture total revenues (35,073) (619) - (35,692)
Operating expenses(2)
(263,132) (229,630) (413,472) (906,234)
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture operating expenses (1,189) (4,092) - (5,281)
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture operating expenses 9,921 156 - 10,077
Adjustments to NOI(3)
(14,314) (36,524) (1,618) (52,456)
Adjusted NOI for reportable segments $ 452,725 $ 617,541 $ 112,511 $ 1,182,777
Plus: Adjustments to NOI(3)
52,456
Interest income and other 21,781
Interest expense (200,331)
Depreciation and amortization (749,901)
Corporate non-segment operating expenses 4,174
General and administrative (95,132)
Transaction and merger-related costs (17,515)
Impairments and loan loss reserves, net 5,601
Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net 86,463
Other income (expense), net 6,808
Less: Government grant income (184)
Less: Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture Adjusted NOI (7,676)
Plus: Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture Adjusted NOI 25,615
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures $ 314,936
_______________________________________
(1)Represents government grant income received under the CARES Act, which is recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (see Note 2).
(2)See reconciliation of significant expense categories below.
(3)Represents straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, net, actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, deferral of community fees, and termination fees. Includes the Company’s share of income (loss) generated by unconsolidated joint ventures and excludes noncontrolling interests’ share of income (loss) generated by consolidated joint ventures.
The following table summarizes the Company’s significant expense categories by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Outpatient Medical Lab CCRC
Compensation and property management
$ 29,752 $ 18,096 $ 260,624
Food
- - 25,076
Real estate taxes
59,255 77,690 15,851
Repairs and maintenance
38,277 30,554 17,295
Utilities
43,348 45,490 22,787
Other segment items(1)
92,500 57,800 71,839
Operating expenses
$ 263,132 $ 229,630 $ 413,472
_______________________________________
(1)Other segment items for each segment include:
•Outpatient medical and lab - (i) Cleaning expense, (ii) ground rent expense, (iii) insurance expense, (iv) roads and grounds expense, (v) security expense, and (vi) other administrative expense.
•CCRC - (i) Cleaning and supplies, (ii) insurance expense, (iii) marketing expense, and (iv) other administrative expense.
The following tables summarize information for the reportable segments for the year ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Outpatient Medical Lab CCRC Total
Total revenues $ 725,370 $ 817,573 $ 494,935 $ 2,037,878
Government grant income(1)
- - 6,765 6,765
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture total revenues 2,999 9,921 - 12,920
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture government grant income - - 380 380
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture total revenues (35,717) (268) - (35,985)
Operating expenses(2)
(253,309) (209,143) (400,539) (862,991)
Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture operating expenses (1,178) (2,883) - (4,061)
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture operating expenses 10,317 87 - 10,404
Adjustments to NOI(3)
(15,513) (62,754) 2,300 (75,967)
Adjusted NOI for reportable segments $ 432,969 $ 552,533 $ 103,841 $ 1,089,343
Plus: Adjustments to NOI(3)
75,967
Interest income and other 23,300
Interest expense (172,944)
Depreciation and amortization (710,569)
General and administrative (131,033)
Transaction and merger-related costs (4,853)
Impairments and loan loss reserves, net (7,004)
Gain (loss) on sales of real estate, net 9,078
Other income (expense), net 326,268
Less: Government grant income (6,765)
Less: Healthpeak’s share of unconsolidated joint venture Adjusted NOI (9,239)
Plus: Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated joint venture Adjusted NOI 25,581
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures $ 507,130
_______________________________________
(1)Represents government grant income received under the CARES Act, which is recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (see Note 2).
(2)See reconciliation of significant expense categories below.
(3)Represents straight-line rents, amortization of market lease intangibles, net, actuarial reserves for insurance claims that have been incurred but not reported, deferral of community fees, and termination fees. Includes the Company’s share of income (loss) generated by unconsolidated joint ventures and excludes noncontrolling interests’ share of income (loss) generated by consolidated joint ventures.
The following table summarizes the Company’s significant expense categories by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Outpatient Medical Lab CCRC
Compensation and property management
$ 27,807 $ 16,817 $ 251,804
Food
- - 23,641
Real estate taxes
59,992 75,459 14,090
Repairs and maintenance
36,439 26,884 16,522
Utilities
43,329 41,087 21,219
Other segment items(1)
85,742 48,896 73,263
Operating expenses
$ 253,309 $ 209,143 $ 400,539
_______________________________________
(1)Other segment items for each segment include:
•Outpatient medical and lab - (i) Cleaning expense, (ii) ground rent expense, (iii) insurance expense, (iv) roads and grounds expense, (v) security expense, and (vi) other administrative expense.
•CCRC - (i) Cleaning and supplies, (ii) insurance expense, (iii) marketing expense, and (iv) other administrative expense.
The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues by reportable segment (in thousands):
December 31,
Segment 2024 2023 2022
Outpatient medical
$ 1,205,744 $ 753,479 $ 725,370
Lab
881,452 878,326 817,573
CCRC 568,475 527,417 494,935
Total revenues for reportable segments
2,655,671 2,159,222 2,037,878
Interest income and other
44,778 21,781 23,300
Total revenues $ 2,700,449 $ 2,181,003 $ 2,061,178
At December 31, 2024, goodwill of $69 million was allocated to the Company’s segment assets as follows: (i) $65 million for outpatient medical, (ii) $2 million for CCRC, and (iii) $2 million for other non-reportable. At December 31, 2023, goodwill of $18 million was allocated to the Company’s segment assets as follows: (i) $14 million for outpatient medical, (ii) $2 million for CCRC, and (iii) $2 million for other non-reportable.
NOTE 17. Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Code beginning with the year ended December 31, 1985. The Company has also elected for certain of its subsidiaries to be treated as TRSs (the “TRS entities”), which are subject to federal and state income taxes. All entities other than the TRS entities are collectively referred to as the “REIT” within this Note 17. Certain REIT entities are also subject to state and local income taxes.
Distributions with respect to the Company’s common stock can be characterized for federal income tax purposes as ordinary dividends, capital gains, nondividend distributions, or a combination thereof.
The following table shows the characterization of the Company’s annual common stock distributions per share:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Ordinary dividends(1)
$ 0.720440 $ 0.909692 $ 0.872948
Capital gains(2)(3)
0.295060 0.116992 0.183208
Nondividend distributions 0.184500 0.173316 0.143844
$ 1.200000 $ 1.200000 $ 1.200000
_______________________________________
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2024, all $0.720440 of ordinary dividends qualified as business income for purposes of Code Section 199A. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the amount includes $0.882312 of ordinary dividends qualified as business income for purposes of Code Section 199A and $0.027380 of qualified dividend income for purposes of Code Section 1(h)(11). For the year ended December 31, 2022, all $0.872948 of ordinary dividends qualified as business income for purposes of Code Section 199A.
(2)For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the amount includes $0.215960, $0.036256, and $0.017760, respectively, of unrecaptured Code Section 1250 gain. Pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.1061-6(c), the Company is disclosing additional information related to the capital gain dividends for purposes of Section 1061 of the Code. Code Section 1061 is generally applicable to direct and indirect holders of “applicable partnership interests.” For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the “One Year Amounts” and “Three Year Amounts” are each zero, since all capital gains relate to Code Section 1231 gains. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the “One Year Amounts” and “Three Year Amounts” are each 89.6708% of the total capital gain distributions and the remaining capital gain distributions are attributable to Code Section 1231 gains, which are not subject to Code Section 1061.
(3)For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, 100%, 100%, and 10.3292%, respectively, of the capital gain distributions represent gains from dispositions of U.S. real property interests pursuant to Code Section 897 for foreign shareholders.
The Company’s pretax income (loss) from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $272 million, $325 million, and $509 million, respectively, of which $217 million, $318 million, and $527 million was attributable to the REIT entities for the years then ended. The TRS entities subject to tax reported income (losses) before income taxes from continuing operations of $55 million, $7 million, and $(18) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
The total income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations consists of the following components (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Current
Federal $ (2,389) $ (1,663) $ (632)
State (3,654) (3,325) (689)
Total current $ (6,043) $ (4,988) $ (1,321)
Deferred
Federal $ (3,429) $ 11,682 $ 3,157
State 5,122 2,923 2,589
Total deferred $ 1,693 $ 14,605 $ 5,746
Total income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations $ (4,350) $ 9,617 $ 4,425
The Company’s income tax benefit from discontinued operations was zero, zero, and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively (see Note 5).
The following table reconciles income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations at statutory rates to actual income tax benefit (expense) recorded (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Tax benefit (expense) at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate on income or loss subject to tax $ (11,601) $ (1,404) $ 3,698
State income tax benefit (expense), net of federal tax (1,389) (1,035) 911
Gross receipts and margin taxes (1,774) (1,647) (956)
Return to provision adjustments (287) (90) 1,260
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets 10,698 13,797 194
Change in tax status of TRS 3 (4) (682)
Total income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations $ (4,350) $ 9,617 $ 4,425
Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The following table summarizes the significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from continuing operations (in thousands):
December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenue $ 103,470 $ 103,530 $ 102,504
Net operating loss carryforward 50,041 54,136 62,280
Expense accruals 11,787 12,324 12,399
Real estate 195 850 150
Other 49 58 689
Total deferred tax assets 165,542 170,898 178,022
Valuation allowance (2,306) (13,004) (26,098)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance $ 163,236 $ 157,894 $ 151,924
Deferred tax liabilities:
Real estate $ 47,268 $ 43,488 $ 52,266
Other 876 818 674
Deferred tax liabilities $ 48,144 $ 44,306 $ 52,940
Net deferred tax assets $ 115,092 $ 113,588 $ 98,984
Net deferred tax assets are included in other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in certain jurisdictions when it is not more likely than not that it can realize the related deferred tax assets. The deferred tax asset valuation allowance is adequate to reduce the total deferred tax assets to an amount that the Company estimates will “more-likely-than-not” be realized.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against certain SHOP deferred tax assets generated by net operating losses (“NOLs”) of its TRS entities. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets (primarily NOL carryforwards) would be realized. During the year ended December 31, 2023, this conclusion was based on estimates of future taxable income for certain TRS entities in connection with the Callan Ridge JV transaction (see also Notes 5 and 9). Accordingly, the Company reversed a portion of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance and recognized an income tax benefit of $14 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized an income tax expense of $12 million in conjunction with the closing of the Callan Ridge JV transaction. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed a merger of certain TRS entities and as a result, reversed a portion of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance and recognized an income tax benefit of $11 million. As of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company had a deferred tax asset valuation allowance of $2 million, $13 million, and $26 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2024, the Company had a NOL carryforward of $193 million related to the TRS entities. If unused, $2 million will begin to expire in 2035. The remainder, totaling $191 million, may be carried forward indefinitely.
The following table summarizes the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Total unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 $ - $ - $ 469
Gross amount of decreases for prior years’ tax positions - - (469)
Total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 $ - $ - $ -
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company files numerous U.S. federal, state, and local income and franchise tax returns. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local tax examinations by taxing authorities for years prior to 2021.
NOTE 18. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The following table provides supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest $ 249,471 $ 188,213 $ 162,115
Income taxes paid (refunded) 7,862 1,923 (1,903)
Capitalized interest 69,256 56,849 41,046
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liability for operating leases 21,277 21,488 12,594
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Increase in ROU asset in exchange for new lease liability related to operating leases 15,457 3,951 9,454
Accrued construction costs 136,767 105,572 178,626
Net noncash impact from the consolidation of property previously held in an unconsolidated joint venture - 993 -
Retained investment in connection with South San Francisco JVs transaction (see Note 9)
- - 293,265
Retained investment in connection with Callan Ridge JV (see Note 9)
69,255 - -
Non-cash assets and liabilities assumed in connection with the Merger (see Note 3)
2,926,141 - -
Seller financing provided on disposition of real estate assets (see Note 8)
418,389 - -
Operating, investing, and financing cash flows in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are reported inclusive of both cash flows from continuing operations and cash flows from discontinued operations. The following table summarizes certain cash flow information related to discontinued operations (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Leasing costs, tenant improvements, and recurring capital expenditures $ - $ - $ 21
Development, redevelopment, and other major improvements of real estate - - 18
Depreciation and amortization of real estate, in-place lease, and other intangibles - - -
The following table summarizes cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
Continuing operations Discontinued operations Total
Beginning of year:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 117,635 $ 72,032 $ 158,287 $ - $ - $ 7,707 $ 117,635 $ 72,032 $ 165,994
Restricted cash 51,388 54,802 53,454 - - - 51,388 54,802 53,454
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 169,023 $ 126,834 $ 211,741 $ - $ - $ 7,707 $ 169,023 $ 126,834 $ 219,448
End of year:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 119,818 $ 117,635 $ 72,032 $ - $ - $ - $ 119,818 $ 117,635 $ 72,032
Restricted cash 64,487 51,388 54,802 - - - 64,487 51,388 54,802
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 184,305 $ 169,023 $ 126,834 $ - $ - $ - $ 184,305 $ 169,023 $ 126,834
NOTE 19. Variable Interest Entities
Operating Subsidiary
Healthpeak OP is the Company’s operating subsidiary and a limited liability company that has governing provisions that are the functional equivalent of a limited partnership. The Company holds a membership interest in Healthpeak OP, acts as the managing member of Healthpeak OP, and exercises full responsibility, discretion, and control over the day-to-day management of Healthpeak OP. Because the noncontrolling interests in Healthpeak OP do not have substantive liquidation rights, substantive kick-out rights without cause, or substantive participating rights, the Company has determined that Healthpeak OP is a VIE. The Company, as managing member, has the power to direct the core activities of Healthpeak OP that most significantly affect Healthpeak OP’s performance, and through its interest in Healthpeak OP, has both the right to receive benefits from and the obligation to absorb losses of Healthpeak OP. Accordingly, the Company is the primary beneficiary of Healthpeak OP and consolidates Healthpeak OP. As the Company conducts its business and holds its assets and liabilities through Healthpeak OP, the total consolidated assets and liabilities, income (losses), and cash flows of Healthpeak OP represent substantially all of the total consolidated assets and liabilities, including the consolidated and unconsolidated entities discussed in this Note 19, income (losses), and cash flows of the Company.
Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
At December 31, 2024, the Company had investments in (i) two unconsolidated VIE joint ventures and (ii) the PropTech Investment, an unconsolidated VIE investment in a limited partnership. At December 31, 2023, the Company had investments in two unconsolidated VIE joint ventures. The Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary of and therefore does not consolidate these VIEs because it does not have the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance. Except for the Company’s equity interest in the unconsolidated joint ventures (the LLC Investment and Needham Land Parcel JV discussed below) and the PropTech Investment, it has no formal involvement in these VIEs beyond its investments.
LLC Investment. The Company holds a limited partner ownership interest in an unconsolidated LLC (“LLC Investment”) that has been identified as a VIE. The Company’s involvement in the entity is limited to its equity investment as a limited partner and it does not have any substantive participating rights or kick-out rights over the general partner. The assets and liabilities of the entity primarily consist of three hospitals as well as senior housing real estate. Any assets generated by the entity may only be used to settle its contractual obligations (primarily capital expenditures and debt service payments).
PropTech Investment. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company made an initial investment of $1 million in a property technology (“PropTech”) fund that makes venture capital investments in early-stage real estate and construction-related companies (the “PropTech Investment”). The Company has an aggregate commitment of $10 million, or approximately 5% of total fund commitments, which is expected to be funded over the next five years. The PropTech Investment has been identified as a VIE. The Company’s involvement in the entity is limited to its equity investment as a limited partner and it does not have any substantive participating rights or kick-out rights over the general partner and given its rights and ownership percentage, the Company has virtually no influence or control. The assets and liabilities of the entity primarily consist of investments in certain PropTech real estate and construction companies. All future investments will be funded with capital contributions from the Company and other limited partners in accordance with their respective commitments.
Needham Land Parcel JV. In December 2021, the Company acquired a 38% interest in a lab development joint venture in Needham, Massachusetts for $13 million. Current equity at risk is not sufficient to finance the joint venture’s activities. The assets and liabilities of the entity primarily consist of real estate and debt service obligations. Any assets generated by the entity may only be used to settle its contractual obligations (primarily development costs and debt service payments). See Note 9 for additional descriptions of the nature, purpose, and operating activities of this unconsolidated VIE and interests therein.
Debt Securities Investment. At December 31, 2022, the Company held $22 million of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (commonly referred to as Freddie Mac) through a special purpose entity that had been identified as a VIE because it was “thinly capitalized.” The CMBS issued by the VIE were backed by mortgage debt obligations on real estate assets. These securities were classified as held-to-maturity because the Company had the intent and ability to hold the securities until maturity. These securities matured on December 31, 2022, and the Company received the related proceeds in January 2023. At each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no balance remaining for these securities.
The classification of the related assets and liabilities and the maximum loss exposure as a result of the Company’s involvement with these VIEs at December 31, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):
VIE Type Asset Type Maximum Loss Exposure and Carrying Amount(1)
LLC Investment and PropTech Investment Other assets, net $ 15,815
Needham Land Parcel JV Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures 21,348
_______________________________________
(1)The Company’s maximum loss exposure represents the aggregate carrying amount of such investments.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had not provided, and is not required to provide, financial support through a liquidity arrangement or otherwise, to its unconsolidated VIEs, including under circumstances in which it could be exposed to further losses (e.g., cash shortfalls).
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company’s consolidated total assets and total liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 include certain assets of VIEs that can only be used to settle the liabilities of the related VIE. The VIE creditors do not have recourse to the Company.
Ventures V, LLC. The Company holds a 51% ownership interest in and is the managing member of a joint venture entity formed in October 2015 that owns and leases outpatient medical buildings (“Ventures V”). The Company classifies Ventures V as a VIE due to the non-managing member lacking substantive participation rights in the management of Ventures V or kick-out rights over the managing member. The Company consolidates Ventures V as the primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. The assets of Ventures V primarily consist of leased properties (net real estate), rents receivable, and cash and cash equivalents; its obligations primarily consist of capital expenditures for the properties. Assets generated by Ventures V may only be used to settle its contractual obligations.
MSREI JV. The Company holds a 51% ownership interest in, and is the managing member of, a joint venture entity formed in August 2018 that owns and leases outpatient medical buildings (the “MSREI JV”). The MSREI JV is a VIE due to the non-managing member lacking substantive participation rights in the management of the joint venture or kick-out rights over the managing member. The Company consolidates the MSREI JV as the primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. The assets of the MSREI JV primarily consist of leased properties (net real estate), rents receivable, and cash and cash equivalents; its obligations primarily consist of capital expenditures for the properties. Assets generated by the MSREI JV may only be used to settle its contractual obligations.
DownREITs. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company held a controlling ownership interest in and was the managing member of eight and seven DownREITs, respectively. In connection with the Merger, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, Physicians Partnership merged with and into DOC DR OP Sub with DOC DR OP Sub surviving as the Partnership Surviving Entity (see Note 3), which resulted in an increase in VIE assets and liabilities when comparing December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2023. The Company classifies the DownREITs as VIEs due to the non-managing members lacking substantive participation rights in the management of the DownREITs or kick-out rights over the managing member. The Company consolidates the DownREITs as the primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact these VIEs’ economic performance. The assets of the DownREITs primarily consist of leased properties (net real estate), rents receivable, and cash and cash equivalents; their obligations primarily consist of capital expenditures for the properties, debt service payments, and with respect to DOC DR OP Sub, certain guarantees. Assets generated by the DownREITs (primarily from tenant rents) may only be used to settle their contractual obligations (primarily from debt service and capital expenditures).
Other Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships. The Company holds a controlling ownership interest in and is the general partner (or managing member) of multiple partnerships that own and lease real estate assets (the “Partnerships”). The Company classifies the Partnerships as VIEs due to the limited partners (non-managing members) lacking substantive participation rights in the management of the Partnerships or kick-out rights over the general partner (managing member). The Company consolidates the Partnerships as the primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact these VIEs’ economic performance. The assets of the Partnerships primarily consist of leased properties (net real estate), rents receivable, and cash and cash equivalents; their obligations primarily consist of debt service payments and capital expenditures for the properties. Assets generated by the Partnerships (primarily from tenant rents) may only be used to settle their contractual obligations (primarily from debt service and capital expenditures).
Lab JVs. At December 31, 2023, the Company held a 98% or greater ownership interest in multiple joint venture entities that owned and leased lab buildings (the “Lab JVs”). The Lab JVs were VIEs as the members shared in certain decisions of the entities, but substantially all of the activities were performed on behalf of the Company. The Company consolidated the Lab JVs as the primary beneficiary because it had the ability to control the activities that most significantly impacted these VIEs’ economic performance. The assets of the Lab JVs primarily consisted of leased properties (net real estate), rents receivable, and cash and cash equivalents; their obligations primarily consisted of capital expenditures for the properties. Assets generated by the Lab JVs were only used to settle their contractual obligations. In April 2024, the Company acquired the noncontrolling interests associated with these entities (see Note 13) and these entities are no longer included in the VIE assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024.
Total assets and total liabilities include VIE assets and liabilities, excluding those of Healthpeak OP, as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
2024 2023
Assets
Buildings and improvements $ 4,669,914 $ 2,392,375
Development costs and construction in progress 92,710 47,481
Land and improvements 472,232 307,166
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (761,759) (665,791)
Net real estate 4,473,097 2,081,231
Loans receivable, net 550,829 -
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures 39,946 -
Accounts receivable, net 17,357 5,906
Cash and cash equivalents 32,421 18,410
Restricted cash 1,029 613
Intangible assets, net 629,802 56,975
Right-of-use asset, net 270,918 97,575
Other assets, net 173,435 79,248
Total assets $ 6,188,834 $ 2,339,958
Liabilities
Term loans $ 401,895 $ -
Senior unsecured notes 1,151,801 -
Mortgage debt 247,776 144,874
Intangible liabilities, net 95,315 11,884
Lease liability 193,421 99,725
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities 125,688 54,975
Deferred revenue 65,358 48,316
Total liabilities $ 2,281,254 $ 359,774
NOTE 20. Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk arise when one or more tenants, operators, or obligors related to the Company’s investments are engaged in similar business activities or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions. The Company regularly monitors various segments of its portfolio to assess potential concentrations of credit risks.
The following table provides information regarding the Company’s concentrations with respect to certain states; the information provided is presented for the gross assets and revenues that are associated with certain real estate assets as percentages of the Company’s total assets and revenues, excluding discontinued operations:
Percentage of Total Company Assets Percentage of Total Company Revenues
December 31, Year Ended December 31,
State 2024 2023 2024 2023 2022
California 31 38 25 31 31
Florida 10 10 17 18 18
Texas 11 10 12 11 11
Massachusetts 15 17 9 11 10
The Company’s rental revenue is generated from multiple tenants across its diverse portfolio. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s two largest tenants, HCA Healthcare, Inc. and CommonSpirit, both of which are in the outpatient medical segment, represented 7% and 3%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenues. All other outpatient medical tenants and all tenants in the lab segment each represented 1% or less of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024.
NOTE 21. Fair Value Measurements
The table below summarizes the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments either recorded or disclosed on a recurring basis (in thousands):
December 31,
2024(3)
2023(3)
Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value
Loans receivable, net(2)
$ 717,190 $ 729,637 $ 218,450 $ 218,450
Interest rate swap assets(2)
35,120 35,120 21,359 21,359
Bank line of credit and commercial paper(2)
150,000 150,000 720,000 720,000
Term loans(2)
1,646,043 1,646,043 496,824 496,824
Senior unsecured notes(1)
6,563,256 6,373,528 5,403,378 5,144,667
Mortgage debt(2)
356,750 350,292 256,097 244,135
_______________________________________
(1)Level 1: Fair value is calculated based on quoted prices in active markets.
(2)Level 2: For loans receivable, net, interest rate swap instruments, and mortgage debt, fair value is based on standardized pricing models in which significant inputs or value drivers are observable in active markets. For bank line of credit, commercial paper, and term loans, the carrying values are a reasonable estimate of fair value because the borrowings are primarily based on market interest rates and the Company’s credit rating.
(3)During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no material transfers of financial assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy.
NOTE 22. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative instruments to mitigate the effects of interest rate fluctuations on specific forecasted transactions as well as recognized financial obligations or assets. Utilizing derivative instruments allows the Company to manage the risk of fluctuations in interest rates and their related potential impact on future earnings and cash flows. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. At December 31, 2024, a one percentage point increase or decrease in the underlying interest rate curve would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in the fair value of the derivative instruments by up to $53 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a $2 million increase in the fair value of its interest rate cap instruments within other income (expense), net. In April 2022, the Company terminated these interest rate cap instruments and entered into two interest rate swap instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges and mature in May 2026 on $142 million of variable rate mortgage debt secured by a portfolio of outpatient medical buildings (see Note 11). In February 2023, the Company modified these two interest rate swap instruments to reflect the change in the related variable rate mortgage debt’s interest rate benchmarks from LIBOR to SOFR (see Note 11).
In August 2022, the Company entered into two forward-starting interest rate swap instruments on the $500 million aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Term Loans (see Note 11). The interest rate swap instruments are designated as cash flow hedges.
In January 2024, the Company entered into forward-starting interest rate swap instruments on the $750 million aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Term Loan (see Note 11). The interest rate swap instruments are designated as cash flow hedges.
Additionally, on March 1, 2024, concurrently with the consummation of the Merger, the Company acquired: (i) three interest rate swap instruments on the $400 million aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Term Loan that are designated as cash flow hedges and (ii) one interest rate swap instrument on $36 million of variable rate mortgage debt that was designated as a cash flow hedge (see Note 11) prior to its maturity in October 2024.
The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate swap instruments (in thousands):
Fair Value(2)
Date Entered(1)
Maturity Date Hedge Designation Notional Amount Pay Rate Receive Rate December 31,
2024 December 31,
April 2022 May 2026 Cash flow $ 51,100 4.99 % USD-SOFR w/ -5 Day Lookback + 2.50%
$ 1,050 $ 1,602
April 2022 May 2026 Cash flow 91,000 4.54 % USD-SOFR w/ -5 Day Lookback + 2.05%
1,870 2,851
August 2022 February 2027 Cash flow 250,000 2.60 % 1 mo. USD-SOFR CME Term 7,224 7,933
August 2022 August 2027 Cash flow 250,000 2.54 % 1 mo. USD-SOFR CME Term 9,122 8,973
May 2023(3)(4)
May 2028 Cash flow 400,000 3.59 % USD-SOFR w/ -5 Day Lookback 4,887 -
January 2024(5)
February 2029 Cash flow 750,000 3.59 % USD-SOFR w/ -5 Day Lookback 10,967 -
$ 35,120 $ 21,359
_____________________________
(1)Represents interest rate swap instruments that hedge fluctuations in interest payments on variable rate debt by converting the interest rates to fixed interest rates. The changes in fair value of designated derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)Derivative assets are recorded at fair value in other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3)Includes interest rate swap instruments acquired as part of the Merger (see Note 3). The interest rate swap instrument on $36 million of mortgage debt that was acquired as part of the Merger matured in October 2024 and has been excluded herein. These interest rate swap instruments were redesignated as cash flow hedges on the Closing Date. As a result of the Merger, the aggregate fair value of these interest rate swap instruments was determined to be $7 million on March 1, 2024, which was recognized within other assets, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on the Closing Date. The aggregate fair value as of the Closing Date is being amortized into interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the terms of the related interest rate swap instruments. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $2 million of related amortization into interest expense.
(4)Includes two interest rate swap instruments each with notional amounts of $110 million and one interest rate swap instrument with a notional amount of $180 million.
(5)Includes the following: (i) two interest rate swap instruments each with a pay rate of 3.56% and $50 million notional amount; (ii) three interest rate swap instruments each with a pay rate of 3.57% and $50 million notional amount; (iii) one interest rate swap instrument with a pay rate of 3.58% and $100 million notional amount; (iv) five interest rate swap instruments each with a pay rate of 3.60% and $50 million notional amount; and (v) three interest rate swap instruments each with a pay rate of 3.61% and $50 million notional amount.
NOTE 23. Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities
The following table summarizes the Company’s accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities (in thousands):
December 31,
2024 2023
Refundable entrance fees $ 236,563 $ 251,874
Accrued construction costs 136,767 105,572
Accrued interest 76,040 59,492
Other accounts payable and accrued liabilities 275,972 240,258
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities $ 725,342 $ 657,196
NOTE 24. Deferred Revenue
The following table summarizes the Company’s deferred revenue, excluding deferred revenue related to assets classified as held for sale (in thousands):
December 31,
2024 2023
Non-refundable entrance fees(1)
$ 615,723 $ 562,026
Other deferred revenue(2)
324,413 343,607
Deferred revenue $ 940,136 $ 905,633
_______________________________________
(1)During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company collected non-refundable entrance fees of $143 million and $127 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized amortization of $89 million, $83 million, and $79 million, respectively, which is included within resident fees and services on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)Other deferred revenue is primarily comprised of prepaid rent, deferred rent, and tenant-funded tenant improvements owned by the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized amortization related to other deferred revenue of $53 million, $68 million, and $44 million, respectively, which is included in rental and related revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(In thousands)
Allowance Accounts(1)
Additions
Year Ended
December 31, Balance at
Beginning of
Year Amounts
Charged
Against
Operations, net Acquired
Properties Deductions(2)
Balance at
End of Year
Continuing operations:
2024 $ 2,282 $ - $ - $ (39) $ 2,243
2023 2,399 - - (117) 2,282
2022 1,870 529 - - 2,399
Discontinued operations:
2024 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
2023 - - - - -
2022 4,138 - - (4,138) -
_______________________________________
(1)Includes allowance for doubtful accounts. Excludes reserves for loan losses which are disclosed in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)Primarily includes the write-off of uncollectible accounts, dispositions, and other net reductions in the reserves.
Schedule III: Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
(in thousands)
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
Outpatient medical
638 Anchorage AK $ - $ 1,456 $ 10,650 $ 10,740 $ 1,456 $ 21,390 $ 22,846 $ (10,227) 1993/2014 2006
AL0006 Birmingham AL - 382 8,522 - 382 8,522 8,904 (376) 1975 2024
AL0010 Birmingham AL - 2,975 9,317 147 2,975 9,464 12,439 (590) 2005 2024
AL0012 Birmingham AL - 3,925 17,289 36 3,925 17,325 21,250 (747) 2012 2024
AL0003 Fairhope AL - 1,714 6,265 125 1,714 6,390 8,104 (305) 2005 2024
AL0005 Foley AL - 569 691 - 569 691 1,260 (49) 2002 2024
AL0011 Huntsville AL - 4,771 25,636 461 4,771 26,097 30,868 (1,155) 2006 2024
3026 Bentonville AR - 912 21,724 735 912 22,459 23,371 (2,768) 2003 2022
AR0005 Hot Springs AR - 108 8,819 - 108 8,819 8,927 (411) 1998 2024
AR0006 Hot Springs AR - 211 4,324 763 238 5,060 5,298 (240) 2001 2024
AR0007 Hot Springs AR - 464 9,076 745 464 9,821 10,285 (503) 2009 2024
AR0008 Hot Springs AR - 49 3,667 - 49 3,667 3,716 (171) 2001 2024
AR0004 Hot Springs Village AR - 656 3,238 384 656 3,622 4,278 (183) 1988 2024
AR0001 Little Rock AR - 822 7,018 - 822 7,018 7,840 (460) 2012 2024
AR0002 Little Rock AR - 780 3,323 - 780 3,323 4,103 (195) 1988 2024
126 Sherwood AR - 709 9,604 242 709 9,846 10,555 (7,236) 1990 1989
2572 Springdale AR - - 27,714 - - 27,714 27,714 (7,329) 1995 2016
AZ0002 Avondale AZ - 2,694 11,388 564 3,455 11,191 14,646 (657) 2006 2024
520 Chandler AZ - 3,669 13,503 6,076 4,041 19,207 23,248 (9,866) 2005 2002
113 Glendale AZ - 1,565 7,050 175 1,565 7,225 8,790 (5,491) 1989 1988
AZ0001 Glendale AZ - 640 2,473 (9) 640 2,464 3,104 (131) 2004 2024
AZ0008 Glendale AZ - 2,692 6,538 - 2,692 6,538 9,230 (329) 2015 2024
AZ0003 Goodyear AZ - 4,139 18,196 457 4,139 18,653 22,792 (974) 2006 2024
2040 Mesa AZ - - 17,314 3,895 - 21,209 21,209 (5,449) 2007 2012
AZ0012 Mesa AZ - 1,124 2,121 100 1,124 2,221 3,345 (131) 2013 2024
AZ0005 Phoenix AZ - 405 32,432 236 405 32,668 33,073 (1,277) 2008 2024
AZ0007 Phoenix AZ - 2,528 3,495 - 2,528 3,495 6,023 (164) 1988 2024
AZ0015 Phoenix AZ - 218 17,922 332 218 18,254 18,472 (668) 2020 2024
AZ00A7 Phoenix AZ - 2,526 694 624 2,526 1,318 3,844 (35) 1988 2024
2021 Scottsdale AZ - - 12,312 5,124 - 17,436 17,436 (7,674) 1984 2012
2022 Scottsdale AZ - - 9,179 3,733 - 12,912 12,912 (5,455) 1996 2012
2023 Scottsdale AZ - - 6,398 2,370 - 8,768 8,768 (3,694) 2000 2012
2024 Scottsdale AZ - - 9,522 1,700 32 11,190 11,222 (5,284) 2007 2012
2025 Scottsdale AZ - - 4,102 2,557 - 6,659 6,659 (2,901) 1981 2012
2026 Scottsdale AZ - - 3,655 2,087 - 5,742 5,742 (2,905) 1992 2012
2027 Scottsdale AZ - - 7,168 2,410 - 9,578 9,578 (4,722) 1995 2012
2028 Scottsdale AZ - - 6,659 5,237 - 11,896 11,896 (6,013) 1998 2012
2696 Scottsdale AZ - 10,151 14,925 20 9,234 15,862 25,096 (3,118) 1998 2020
AZ0009 Scottsdale AZ - 2,563 9,361 - 2,563 9,361 11,924 (449) 2000 2024
AZ0010 Scottsdale AZ - 1,096 19,515 - 1,096 19,515 20,611 (842) 2000 2024
AZ0011 Scottsdale AZ - 2,809 2,646 - 2,809 2,646 5,455 (217) 1991 2024
AZ0014 Scottsdale AZ - 506 43,211 3,451 506 46,662 47,168 (1,448) 2021 2024
1041 Brentwood CA - - 30,864 9,176 122 39,918 40,040 (16,525) 2004 2006
1200 Encino CA - 6,151 10,438 6,680 6,373 16,896 23,269 (8,545) 1973 2006
1038 Fresno CA - 3,652 29,113 21,935 3,652 51,048 54,700 (25,001) 1984 2006
659 Los Gatos CA - 1,718 3,124 1,393 1,796 4,439 6,235 (2,231) 1995 2006
421 San Diego CA - 2,910 19,984 15,149 2,964 35,079 38,043 (19,150) 1986/2013 1999
564 San Jose CA - 1,935 1,728 2,595 1,935 4,323 6,258 (1,905) 1968 2003
565 San Jose CA - 1,460 7,672 2,273 1,492 9,913 11,405 (5,460) 1995 2003
CA0001 Walnut Creek CA - 1,533 5,116 - 1,533 5,116 6,649 (255) 1984 2024
CA0002 Walnut Creek CA - 1,189 1,179 - 1,189 1,179 2,368 (74) 1984 2024
CA0003 Walnut Creek CA - 1,168 1,368 - 1,168 1,368 2,536 (81) 1984 2024
CA0004 Walnut Creek CA - 3,143 5,390 - 3,143 5,390 8,533 (299) 1984 2024
CA0005 Walnut Creek CA - 1,140 2,260 - 1,140 2,260 3,400 (118) 1984 2024
440 West Hills CA - 2,100 11,595 12,917 2,203 24,409 26,612 (9,359) 1992/2023 1999
3008 West Hills CA 12,137 5,795 13,933 3,872 5,823 17,777 23,600 (2,536) 1965 2021
728 Aurora CO - - 8,764 2,794 - 11,558 11,558 (4,589) 2005 2005
1196 Aurora CO - 210 12,362 5,923 210 18,285 18,495 (8,389) 1981/2018 2006
1197 Aurora CO - 200 8,414 6,235 285 14,564 14,849 (7,259) 1994/2018 2006
2965 Aurora CO - - - 39,026 - 39,026 39,026 - - 2023
127 Colorado Springs CO - 690 8,338 367 690 8,705 9,395 (6,267) 1990 1989
882 Colorado Springs CO - - 12,933 8,913 - 21,846 21,846 (11,516) 2007 2006
1199 Denver CO - 493 7,897 1,642 604 9,428 10,032 (4,874) 1993 2006
808 Englewood CO - - 8,616 6,221 - 14,837 14,837 (7,838) 1981 2005
809 Englewood CO - - 8,449 20,199 - 28,648 28,648 (7,329) 1990/2023 2005
810 Englewood CO - - 8,040 16,738 - 24,778 24,778 (10,816) 1989/2023 2005
811 Englewood CO - - 8,472 12,707 - 21,179 21,179 (8,346) 1993/2020 2005
CO0005 Englewood CO - 1,994 6,363 575 1,994 6,938 8,932 (638) 2002 2024
CO0002 Frisco CO - 370 3,235 - 370 3,235 3,605 (196) 2006 2024
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
2658 Highlands Ranch CO - 1,637 10,063 95 1,732 10,063 11,795 (2,730) 2015 2017
CO0001 Johnstown CO - 1,254 5,646 - 1,254 5,646 6,900 (271) 2013 2024
812 Littleton CO - - 4,562 2,383 - 6,945 6,945 (3,582) 1987 2005
813 Littleton CO - - 4,926 2,189 246 6,869 7,115 (3,058) 1990 2005
570 Lone Tree CO - - - 21,731 - 21,731 21,731 (10,737) 2004 2003
666 Lone Tree CO - - 23,274 3,959 17 27,216 27,233 (13,399) 2003 2006
2233 Lone Tree CO - - 6,734 34,699 - 41,433 41,433 (14,519) 2015 2014
3000 Lone Tree CO - 4,393 31,643 10,249 4,552 41,733 46,285 (5,919) 2020 2021
510 Thornton CO - 236 10,206 14,228 455 24,215 24,670 (9,530) 2001/2021 2002
CO0004 Thornton CO - 1,843 2,302 - 1,843 2,302 4,145 (158) 2014 2024
CT0002 Manchester CT - 2,159 4,828 62 2,164 4,885 7,049 (251) 2012 2024
CT0003 Manchester CT - 1,620 7,364 11 1,620 7,375 8,995 (346) 2017 2024
CT0001 Plainville CT - 3,515 15,515 113 3,520 15,623 19,143 (865) 2015 2024
CT0004 Plainville CT - 1,445 3,161 7 1,445 3,168 4,613 (216) 1998 2024
DE0001 Dover DE - 1,483 34,034 379 1,577 34,319 35,896 (1,555) 2008 2024
434 Atlantis FL - - 2,027 182 - 2,209 2,209 (1,530) 1997 1999
435 Atlantis FL - - 2,000 738 - 2,738 2,738 (1,723) 1997 1999
602 Atlantis FL - 455 2,231 729 455 2,960 3,415 (1,475) 1984 2006
FL0012 Atlantis FL - 100 8,120 305 100 8,425 8,525 (340) 2002 2024
FL0033 Brandon FL - 1,219 29,984 48 1,219 30,032 31,251 (1,321) 2017 2024
3217 Brandon FL - - - 10,057 - 10,057 10,057 - - 2024
2963 Brooksville FL - - - 13,292 - 13,292 13,292 (2,141) 2020 2019
604 Englewood FL - 170 1,134 1,118 230 2,192 2,422 (965) 1986 2006
FL0004 Englewood FL - 478 1,974 - 478 1,974 2,452 (125) 1992 2024
FL0032 Jacksonville FL 60,025 5,738 88,295 - 5,738 88,295 94,033 (3,747) 2015 2024
609 Kissimmee FL - 788 174 798 788 972 1,760 (364) 1978 2006
610 Kissimmee FL - 481 347 465 488 805 1,293 (378) 1978 2006
671 Kissimmee FL - - 7,574 1,052 - 8,626 8,626 (4,000) 1998 2006
FL0008 Lady Lake FL - 921 7,403 81 921 7,484 8,405 (217) 2011 2024
603 Lake Worth FL - 1,507 2,894 537 1,507 3,431 4,938 (1,609) 1997 2006
612 Margate FL - 1,553 6,898 4,180 1,553 11,078 12,631 (5,692) 1994 2006
613 Miami FL - 4,392 11,841 11,642 4,454 23,421 27,875 (9,527) 1995/2020 2006
2202 Miami FL - - 13,123 10,870 - 23,993 23,993 (11,737) 1973 2014
2203 Miami FL - - 8,877 5,310 - 14,187 14,187 (6,044) 1986 2014
1067 Milton FL - - 8,566 1,555 - 10,121 10,121 (4,470) 2003 2006
2577 Naples FL - - 29,186 1,805 - 30,991 30,991 (8,021) 1999 2016
2578 Naples FL - - 18,819 667 - 19,486 19,486 (4,270) 2007 2016
2964 Okeechobee FL - - - 17,797 - 17,797 17,797 (2,120) 2022 2019
2962 Orange Park FL - - - 18,302 - 18,302 18,302 (2,649) 2022 2019
563 Orlando FL - 2,144 5,136 13,014 12,830 7,464 20,294 (6,902) 1985 2003
FL0025 Orlando FL - 1,905 16,988 144 1,905 17,132 19,037 (669) 2006 2024
833 Pace FL - - 10,309 1,621 28 11,902 11,930 (4,886) 2005 2006
834 Pensacola FL - - 11,166 481 - 11,647 11,647 (4,786) 2005 2006
FL0030 Pensacola FL - 3,475 20,675 - 3,475 20,675 24,150 (864) 2020 2024
673 Plantation FL - 1,091 7,176 2,778 1,091 9,954 11,045 (4,894) 2001 2006
674 Plantation FL - - 8,273 1,354 - 9,627 9,627 (1,496) 2015 2021
FL0029 Port Charlotte FL - 2,244 6,801 285 2,244 7,086 9,330 (357) 2006 2024
2579 Punta Gorda FL - - 9,379 139 - 9,518 9,518 (2,250) 2006 2016
2833 St. Petersburg FL - - 13,754 12,662 - 26,416 26,416 (10,982) 1995/2019 2006
FL0022 Stuart FL - 869 4,496 100 869 4,596 5,465 (176) 2013 2024
FL0026 Stuart FL - 2,882 9,104 692 2,882 9,796 12,678 (470) 2003 2024
FL0003 Venice FL - 1,344 2,910 67 1,344 2,977 4,321 (185) 1987 2024
FL0031 Wesley Chapel FL - 313 29,074 44 313 29,118 29,431 (1,083) 2021 2024
FL0034 Yulee FL - 793 7,994 - 793 7,994 8,787 (406) 2020 2024
887 Atlanta GA - 4,300 13,690 (1,800) 4,300 11,890 16,190 (10,602) 1966/1996 2007
GA0010 Atlanta GA - 1,330 25,942 719 1,330 26,661 27,991 (1,253) 1987 2024
GA0024 Atlanta GA - 1,031 89,809 424 1,031 90,233 91,264 (3,394) 2009 2024
GA0028 Atlanta GA - 603 40,071 86 603 40,157 40,760 (1,530) 2018 2024
GA0030 Buford GA - - 32,131 10,387 - 42,518 42,518 (867) 2024 2024
GA0026 Duluth GA - 135 11,586 233 135 11,819 11,954 (478) 1994 2024
GA0031 Dunwoody GA - 1,741 3,818 - 1,741 3,818 5,559 (153) 1975 2024
GA0032 Dunwoody GA - 2,219 16,064 14,146 2,219 30,210 32,429 (346) 2024 2024
GA0025 Lawrenceville GA - 182 15,112 283 182 15,395 15,577 (571) 1995 2024
GA0027 Lawrenceville GA - 346 28,592 1,738 346 30,330 30,676 (1,204) 2010 2024
GA3246 Pooler GA - - - 10,810 - 10,810 10,810 - - 2024
3214 Savannah GA - - - 33,381 - 33,381 33,381 (100) 2024 2022
2576 Statesboro GA - - 10,234 1,430 - 11,664 11,664 (3,528) 1999 2016
GA0023 Woodstock GA - 967 26,658 324 967 26,982 27,949 (1,100) 2013 2024
3006 Arlington Heights IL 4,877 3,011 9,651 2,821 3,187 12,296 15,483 (1,998) 1975/2013 2021
2702 Bolingbrook IL - - 21,237 4,108 - 25,345 25,345 (4,203) 2008 2020
IL0002 Bolingbrook IL - 1,464 8,832 - 1,464 8,832 10,296 (360) 2008 2024
IL0004 Elgin IL - 2,723 15,327 563 2,723 15,890 18,613 (662) 2006 2024
3004 Highland Park IL 5,872 2,767 11,495 1,981 2,767 13,476 16,243 (1,728) 2008 2021
3005 Lockport IL 11,048 3,106 22,645 - 3,106 22,645 25,751 (3,102) 2010 2021
1065 Marion IL - 99 11,538 1,986 100 13,523 13,623 (6,489) 2002 2006
2719 Marion IL - - - 5,098 - 5,098 5,098 (684) 2021 2021
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
IL0005 Palos Heights IL - 2,324 5,087 319 2,324 5,406 7,730 (181) 1985 2024
IL0001 Sandwich IL - 116 10,126 - 116 10,126 10,242 (369) 2007 2024
IN0003 Bloomington IN - 622 3,440 - 622 3,440 4,062 (222) 1996 2024
IN0004 Bloomington IN - 841 2,089 - 841 2,089 2,930 (134) 2000 2024
IN0005 Bloomington IN - 2,830 9,394 - 2,830 9,394 12,224 (584) 2000 2024
IN0006 Bloomington IN - 588 1,414 - 588 1,414 2,002 (91) 2004 2024
IN0007 Bloomington IN - 1,383 7,207 - 1,383 7,207 8,590 (340) 1995 2024
IN0013 Bloomington IN - 1,730 7,304 - 1,730 7,304 9,034 (384) 2008 2024
IN0002 Carmel IN - 38 3,930 658 38 4,588 4,626 (197) 1993 2024
IN0020 Carmel IN - 259 22,311 308 259 22,619 22,878 (763) 2014 2024
IN0021 Fishers IN - 383 34,648 191 383 34,839 35,222 (1,381) 2008 2024
IN0008 Greenwood IN - 1,365 6,934 - 1,365 6,934 8,299 (332) 2008 2024
IN0010 Greenwood IN - 1,015 2,238 1 1,015 2,239 3,254 (122) 2001 2024
IN0011 Greenwood IN - 1,565 10,588 211 1,565 10,799 12,364 (528) 2008 2024
IN0012 Greenwood IN - 993 1,997 42 993 2,039 3,032 (91) 2001 2024
2697 Indianapolis IN - - 59,746 1,018 - 60,764 60,764 (7,389) 2002 2020
2699 Indianapolis IN - - 23,211 747 - 23,958 23,958 (3,142) 2002 2020
IN0009 Indianapolis IN - 764 4,084 9 764 4,093 4,857 (209) 1993 2024
IN0022 Indianapolis IN - 3,772 42,213 - 3,772 42,213 45,985 (1,766) 2007 2024
IN0015 Lafayette IN - 845 9,980 - 845 9,980 10,825 (559) 2001 2024
IN0016 Lafayette IN - 1,433 9,059 - 1,433 9,059 10,492 (605) 2001 2024
IN0017 Lafayette IN - 471 1,130 - 471 1,130 1,601 (74) 2001 2024
IN0018 Lafayette IN - 421 1,170 - 421 1,170 1,591 (74) 2004 2024
IN0001 Mishawaka IN - 3,468 8,175 452 3,468 8,627 12,095 (625) 2007 2024
2698 Mooresville IN - - 20,646 997 - 21,643 21,643 (2,768) 2004 2020
1057 Newburgh IN - - 14,019 3,659 - 17,678 17,678 (8,867) 2005 2006
IN0025 Newburgh IN - 2,182 13,074 - 2,182 13,074 15,256 (707) 2008 2024
2700 Zionsville IN - 2,969 7,281 871 3,075 8,046 11,121 (1,658) 2005 2020
2039 Kansas City KS - 440 2,173 389 541 2,461 3,002 (842) 2006 2012
112 Overland Park KS - 2,316 10,681 312 2,316 10,993 13,309 (8,428) 1989 1988
2043 Overland Park KS - - 7,668 1,425 - 9,093 9,093 (2,765) 2009 2012
3062 Overland Park KS - 872 11,813 8 992 11,701 12,693 (3,121) 2007 2019
483 Wichita KS - 530 3,341 820 605 4,086 4,691 (1,831) 2000 2001
3018 Wichita KS - 3,946 39,795 - 3,946 39,795 43,741 (5,560) 1973/2017 2021
1064 Lexington KY - - 12,726 2,262 - 14,988 14,988 (6,952) 2003 2006
KY0011 Lexington KY - 4,797 18,987 4,218 4,797 23,205 28,002 (1,253) 1992 2024
KY0012 Lexington KY - 1,905 6,918 182 1,905 7,100 9,005 (621) 2000 2024
735 Louisville KY - 936 8,426 13,260 661 21,961 22,622 (12,967) 1971/2019 2005
737 Louisville KY - 835 27,627 7,774 560 35,676 36,236 (18,509) 2002 2005
738 Louisville KY - 780 8,582 4,753 585 13,530 14,115 (10,660) 1978 2005
739 Louisville KY - 826 13,814 3,861 630 17,871 18,501 (8,268) 2003 2005
2834 Louisville KY - 2,983 13,171 5,253 2,983 18,424 21,407 (11,276) 1990 2005
1945 Louisville KY - 3,255 28,644 2,836 3,421 31,314 34,735 (14,486) 2009 2010
1946 Louisville KY - 430 6,125 243 430 6,368 6,798 (2,993) 2002 2010
2237 Louisville KY - 1,519 15,386 6,679 1,672 21,912 23,584 (9,361) 1991 2014
2238 Louisville KY - 1,334 12,172 3,079 1,594 14,991 16,585 (5,989) 1996 2014
2239 Louisville KY - 1,644 10,832 10,093 2,103 20,466 22,569 (8,103) 1988 2014
KY0001 Louisville KY - 1,801 4,672 - 1,801 4,672 6,473 (302) 2013 2024
KY0004 Louisville KY - 383 3,144 263 383 3,407 3,790 (372) 1970 2024
KY0005 Louisville KY - 680 7,568 253 680 7,821 8,501 (522) 1964 2024
KY0006 Louisville KY - 1,774 29,814 - 1,774 29,814 31,588 (1,814) 2003 2024
KY0007 Louisville KY - 3,430 19,016 167 3,430 19,183 22,613 (1,021) 1985 2024
KY0008 Louisville KY - 125 12,503 (72) 125 12,431 12,556 (525) 1991 2024
KY0009 Louisville KY - 48 3,864 17 48 3,881 3,929 (205) 1979 2024
KY0010 Louisville KY - 315 2,585 1,113 315 3,698 4,013 (174) 1974 2024
KY0002 Shepherdsville KY - 973 28,735 571 973 29,306 30,279 (637) 2005 2024
KY0003 Shepherdsville KY - 795 3,355 - 795 3,355 4,150 (193) 2006 2024
3023 Covington LA - 9,490 21,918 (298) 9,507 21,603 31,110 (2,765) 2014 2021
LA0004 Lafayette LA - 353 27,863 (69) 353 27,794 28,147 (744) 2010 2024
LA0001 Metairie LA - 68 38,037 - 68 38,037 38,105 (1,124) 2010 2024
3121 Cambridge MA - 40,663 23,102 - 40,663 23,102 63,765 (2,596) 1983 2021
MD0003 Brandywine MD - 4,757 17,285 - 4,757 17,285 22,042 (903) 2015 2024
1213 Ellicott City MD - 1,115 3,206 2,758 1,357 5,722 7,079 (2,734) 1988 2006
MD0002 Lanham MD - 227 17,283 43 227 17,326 17,553 (584) 2009 2024
1052 Towson MD - - 14,233 1,231 - 15,464 15,464 (6,681) 2005 2006
MD0001 Waldorf MD - 1,759 6,038 53 1,759 6,091 7,850 (361) 1999 2024
2650 Biddeford ME - 1,341 17,376 (558) 309 17,850 18,159 (3,945) 2007 2017
ME0001 Brunswick ME 4,592 920 10,394 - 920 10,394 11,314 (522) 2008 2024
MI0010 Bay City MI - 705 15,282 15 705 15,297 16,002 (695) 2016 2024
MI0006 Grand Blanc MI - 671 12,097 22 671 12,119 12,790 (675) 2006 2024
MI0011 Gross Pointe MI - 138 12,400 - 138 12,400 12,538 (481) 2016 2024
MI0012 Petoskey MI - 236 17,990 166 236 18,156 18,392 (870) 1993 2024
MI0013 Rochester Hills MI - 1,100 20,278 - 1,100 20,278 21,378 (993) 2011 2024
MI0014 Sterling Heights MI - 310 28,116 84 310 28,200 28,510 (1,005) 2009 2024
MI0008 Traverse City MI - 1,709 18,502 99 1,709 18,601 20,310 (1,045) 2004 2024
MI00A8 Traverse City MI - 255 1,854 - 255 1,854 2,109 (108) 2004 2024
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
MN0018 Apple Valley MN - 2,541 8,011 - 2,541 8,011 10,552 (494) 1974 2024
3002 Burnsville MN 7,763 2,801 17,779 1,151 2,861 18,870 21,731 (4,793) 1988 2021
3003 Burnsville MN 5,176 516 13,200 461 533 13,644 14,177 (3,137) 1992 2021
3009 Burnsville MN 19,110 4,640 38,064 333 4,664 38,373 43,037 (5,513) 2007 2021
MN0004 Chanhassen MN - 919 2,457 211 919 2,668 3,587 (125) 2008 2024
MN0009 Chanhassen MN - 2,609 9,198 - 2,609 9,198 11,807 (452) 2005 2024
MN0008 Coon Rapids MN - 1,032 4,568 - 1,032 4,568 5,600 (256) 2007 2024
MN0003 Crystal MN - 1,852 7,888 36 1,852 7,924 9,776 (358) 2012 2024
MN0001 Edina MN - 377 7,984 87 377 8,071 8,448 (479) 1979 2024
MN0017 Edina MN - 1,654 3,468 - 1,654 3,468 5,122 (164) 1962 2024
MN0010 Hugo MN - 1,285 2,966 - 1,285 2,966 4,251 (147) 2008 2024
MN0016 Lake Elmo MN - 1,939 5,435 - 1,939 5,435 7,374 (356) 2015 2024
MN0013 Little Falls MN - 75 5,980 - 75 5,980 6,055 (317) 1990 2024
MN0014 Little Falls MN - 580 1,618 - 580 1,618 2,198 (122) 1999 2024
MN0015 Little Falls MN - 59 4,932 3 59 4,935 4,994 (277) 1959 2024
MN0012 Maplewood MN - 716 2,031 - 716 2,031 2,747 (119) 2016 2024
MN0019 Maplewood MN - 4,884 38,366 - 4,884 38,366 43,250 (1,685) 2017 2024
240 Minneapolis MN - 117 13,213 5,655 117 18,868 18,985 (12,664) 1986 1997
300 Minneapolis MN - 160 10,131 4,694 214 14,771 14,985 (9,794) 1987 1998
MN0006 Minnetonka MN - 2,701 14,026 - 2,701 14,026 16,727 (654) 2014 2024
MN0007 Minnetonka MN - 1,927 5,979 - 1,927 5,979 7,906 (272) 2014 2024
MN0002 Savage MN - 1,762 6,075 - 1,762 6,075 7,837 (318) 2011 2024
MN0011 Stillwater MN - 1,161 1,676 34 1,161 1,710 2,871 (128) 2011 2024
MN0005 Vadnais Heights MN - 2,028 12,993 - 2,028 12,993 15,021 (603) 2013 2024
2703 Columbia MO - 4,141 20,364 (13,850) 4,141 6,514 10,655 (2,828) 1997 2020
MO0002 Creve Coeur MO - 1,622 7,209 287 1,622 7,496 9,118 (365) 1989 2024
MO0001 Fenton MO - 1,457 3,589 - 1,457 3,589 5,046 (250) 1999 2024
2032 Independence MO - - 48,025 1,654 - 49,679 49,679 (13,551) 2006 2012
MO0003 Kansas City MO - 312 23,251 719 312 23,970 24,282 (884) 2015 2024
2866 Kansas City MO - - - 13,903 - 13,903 13,903 - - 2024
2863 Lee's Summit MO - - - 16,416 - 16,416 16,416 (3,452) 2020 2019
1078 Flowood MS - - 8,413 1,487 - 9,900 9,900 (4,512) 2003 2006
MS0001 Grenada MS - 1,200 8,523 491 1,200 9,014 10,214 (373) 1975 2024
1059 Jackson MS - - 8,868 639 - 9,507 9,507 (4,340) 2002 2006
1060 Jackson MS - - 7,187 2,038 - 9,225 9,225 (4,107) 2005 2006
MS0002 Jackson MS - 1,664 9,691 - 1,664 9,691 11,355 (463) 1987 2024
MS0003 Jackson MS 19,684 1,681 42,202 9 1,681 42,211 43,892 (1,666) 2013 2024
2657 Shallotte NC - 918 3,609 - 918 3,609 4,527 (1,290) 2017 2017
2655 Wilmington NC - 1,949 12,244 (613) 1,336 12,244 13,580 (2,521) 2003 2017
2656 Wilmington NC - 2,071 11,592 - 2,071 11,592 13,663 (3,005) 2006 2017
ND0001 Jamestown ND - 482 10,262 (74) 482 10,188 10,670 (418) 2013 2024
NE0010 Kearney NE - 183 17,068 851 183 17,919 18,102 (846) 1999 2024
NE0011 Kearney NE - 133 1,228 - 133 1,228 1,361 (96) 1984 2024
NE0012 Lincoln NE - 147 13,382 (23) 147 13,359 13,506 (600) 2004 2024
1068 Omaha NE - - 16,243 2,718 24 18,937 18,961 (8,745) 2005 2006
NE0002 Omaha NE - 1,919 21,041 - 1,919 21,041 22,960 (1,112) 2017 2024
NE0004 Omaha NE - 151 15,812 89 151 15,901 16,052 (581) 2000 2024
NE0013 Omaha NE - 445 36,048 - 445 36,048 36,493 (1,413) 2017 2024
2647 Concord NH - 1,961 23,516 (473) 1,053 23,951 25,004 (4,227) 2004 2017
2648 Concord NH - 815 8,902 227 419 9,525 9,944 (2,449) 2008 2017
2649 Epsom NH - 919 5,868 (577) 348 5,862 6,210 (1,242) 2010 2017
3011 Cherry Hill NJ - 5,235 21,731 409 5,235 22,140 27,375 (3,706) 2014 2021
NJ0001 Monroe Township NJ - 2,026 2,847 - 2,026 2,847 4,873 (256) 1992 2024
3012 Morristown NJ - 21,703 32,517 6,855 21,703 39,372 61,075 (6,543) 1983/2013 2021
3013 Morristown NJ - 14,567 20,548 9,252 14,567 29,800 44,367 (3,851) 1990 2021
3014 Morristown NJ - 20,563 31,849 1,986 20,563 33,835 54,398 (3,751) 1981 2021
NJ0002 Old Bridge NJ 19,864 444 36,220 172 444 36,392 36,836 (1,199) 2014 2024
729 Albuquerque NM - - 5,380 2,485 - 7,865 7,865 (3,216) 2006 2005
571 Las Vegas NV - - - 24,349 - 24,349 24,349 (9,435) 2004 2003
660 Las Vegas NV - 1,121 4,363 9,587 1,147 13,924 15,071 (5,896) 1973 2006
661 Las Vegas NV - 2,305 - 1,371 3,676 - 3,676 - - 2006
662 Las Vegas NV - 1,000 - - 1,000 - 1,000 - - 2006
663 Las Vegas NV - 1,717 3,597 12,948 1,724 16,538 18,262 (7,657) 1974/2018 2006
664 Las Vegas NV - 1,172 - 633 1,805 - 1,805 (496) - 2006
691 Las Vegas NV - 3,073 18,339 6,038 3,116 24,334 27,450 (15,329) 1989/2015 2004
2037 Mesquite NV - - 5,559 834 34 6,359 6,393 (2,240) 2004 2012
NY0014 Brooklyn NY - 11,632 39,687 1,161 11,632 40,848 52,480 (1,273) 2013 2024
NY0008 Cornwall NY - 110 9,091 147 110 9,238 9,348 (348) 2006 2024
NY0009 Hudson NY - 68 4,931 230 68 5,161 5,229 (325) 2006 2024
NY0012 Lake Katrine NY - 3,950 31,897 - 3,950 31,897 35,847 (1,051) 2013 2024
NY0013 Rhinebeck NY - 4,312 4,015 - 4,312 4,015 8,327 (313) 1965 2024
NY0001 Wallkill NY - 1,304 5,957 63 1,304 6,020 7,324 (214) 1988 2024
NY0002 Wallkill NY - 518 1,338 310 518 1,648 2,166 (70) 1992 2024
400 Harrison OH - - 4,561 373 - 4,934 4,934 (3,333) 1995 1999
1054 Durant OK - 619 9,256 3,040 666 12,249 12,915 (5,672) 1998 2006
817 Owasso OK - - 6,582 (519) - 6,063 6,063 (2,976) 2006 2005
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
3010 Springfield OR 20,802 - 51,998 1,979 - 53,977 53,977 (7,268) 2011 2021
PA0006 Camp Hill PA - 1,014 2,376 183 1,014 2,559 3,573 (173) 1980 2024
PA0002 Carlisle PA - 680 1,468 - 680 1,468 2,148 (116) 2002 2024
PA0004 Carlisle PA - 456 2,333 - 456 2,333 2,789 (161) 1996 2024
PA0014 Erie PA - 251 21,584 - 251 21,584 21,835 (808) 2007 2024
PA0010 Hanover PA - 1,777 8,437 1,001 1,777 9,438 11,215 (526) 2003 2024
PA0007 Harrisburg PA - 1,800 4,397 511 1,823 4,885 6,708 (422) 2000 2024
PA0008 Harrisburg PA - 586 1,115 102 586 1,217 1,803 (68) 1997 2024
PA0005 Hershey PA - 196 2,896 113 196 3,009 3,205 (117) 1994 2024
2570 Limerick PA - 925 20,072 (119) 755 20,123 20,878 (5,801) 1999 2016
2234 Philadelphia PA - 24,264 99,904 53,253 24,288 153,133 177,421 (48,972) 1973/2019 2014
2403 Philadelphia PA - 26,063 97,646 54,119 26,134 151,694 177,828 (58,093) 2000 2015
PA0012 West Easton PA - 2,065 7,718 - 2,065 7,718 9,783 (397) 2017 2024
PA0013 West Mifflin PA - 957 3,193 - 957 3,193 4,150 (201) 1992 2024
2571 Wilkes-Barre PA - - 9,138 11 - 9,149 9,149 (2,915) 2001 2016
PA0011 Wyomissing PA - 298 3,410 - 298 3,410 3,708 (191) 2002 2024
2694 Anderson SC - 405 1,211 (162) 243 1,211 1,454 (270) 2012 2020
2573 Florence SC - - 12,090 90 - 12,180 12,180 (3,100) 1998 2016
2574 Florence SC - - 12,190 87 - 12,277 12,277 (3,120) 1998 2016
2575 Florence SC - - 11,243 56 - 11,299 11,299 (3,516) 1995 2016
2841 Greenville SC - 634 38,386 (2,283) 13 36,724 36,737 (7,237) 1991 2018
2842 Greenville SC - 794 41,293 (3,459) - 38,628 38,628 (7,133) 1999 2018
2843 Greenville SC - 626 22,210 (2,776) - 20,060 20,060 (3,676) 1996 2018
2844 Greenville SC - 806 18,889 (1,811) - 17,884 17,884 (2,947) 1998 2018
2845 Greenville SC - 932 40,879 (3,309) - 38,502 38,502 (6,226) 2005 2018
2846 Greenville SC - 896 38,486 (3,670) - 35,712 35,712 (5,831) 2007 2018
2847 Greenville SC - 600 26,472 200 - 27,272 27,272 (5,264) 1996 2018
2850 Greenville SC - 211 6,503 (1,008) 211 5,495 5,706 (1,044) 2008 2018
2853 Greenville SC - 534 6,430 (1,388) - 5,576 5,576 (1,231) 1998 2018
2854 Greenville SC - 824 13,645 (2,812) - 11,657 11,657 (2,048) 1992 2018
2848 Greer SC - 318 5,816 (791) - 5,343 5,343 (851) 2008 2018
2849 Greer SC - 319 5,836 (777) - 5,378 5,378 (879) 2008 2018
2862 Myrtle Beach SC - - - 28,496 - 28,496 28,496 (7,945) 2019 2018
2851 Travelers Rest SC - 498 1,015 (399) 299 815 1,114 (309) 1998 2018
2865 Brentwood TN - - - 36,965 52 36,913 36,965 (5,487) 2020 2019
TN0007 Chattanooga TN - 139 10,350 281 139 10,631 10,770 (532) 1976 2024
TN0010 Chattanooga TN - 221 17,612 - 221 17,612 17,833 (813) 1993 2024
TN0011 Franklin TN - 3,056 5,484 - 3,056 5,484 8,540 (293) 2014 2024
624 Hendersonville TN - 256 1,530 1,581 256 3,111 3,367 (1,497) 1985 2006
559 Hermitage TN - 830 5,036 13,203 837 18,232 19,069 (7,630) 1999/2019 2003
561 Hermitage TN - 596 9,698 4,457 596 14,155 14,751 (7,773) 1993 2003
562 Hermitage TN - 317 6,528 2,936 317 9,464 9,781 (4,965) 1994 2003
TN0002 Jackson TN - 1,124 5,631 - 1,124 5,631 6,755 (358) 1991 2024
TN0001 Kingsport TN - 2,778 10,365 57 2,835 10,365 13,200 (476) 2005 2024
TN0012 Kingsport TN - 511 59,215 - 511 59,215 59,726 (1,990) 2010 2024
625 Nashville TN - 955 14,289 9,058 955 23,347 24,302 (10,821) 2000 2006
626 Nashville TN - 2,050 5,211 5,984 2,050 11,195 13,245 (4,320) 1987 2006
627 Nashville TN - 1,007 181 986 1,113 1,061 2,174 (660) 1975 2006
628 Nashville TN - 2,980 7,164 3,670 2,980 10,834 13,814 (4,561) 1988 2006
630 Nashville TN - 515 848 351 649 1,065 1,714 (596) 1975 2006
631 Nashville TN - 266 1,305 1,171 266 2,476 2,742 (1,266) 1980 2006
632 Nashville TN - 827 7,642 3,565 827 11,207 12,034 (5,708) 1988 2006
633 Nashville TN - 5,425 12,577 5,876 5,425 18,453 23,878 (9,429) 1971 2006
634 Nashville TN - 3,818 15,185 12,001 3,818 27,186 31,004 (10,703) 1992 2006
636 Nashville TN - 583 450 424 604 853 1,457 (449) 1974 2006
2967 Nashville TN - - - 53,773 - 53,773 53,773 (7,540) 2021 2019
2720 Nashville TN - 102 10,925 749 102 11,674 11,776 (2,415) 1986 2021
TN0005 Nashville TN - 16,857 17,681 (230) 16,857 17,451 34,308 (946) 2015 2024
TN0008 Spring Hill TN - 628 13,821 - 628 13,821 14,449 (655) 2012 2024
2611 Allen TX - 1,330 5,960 1,232 1,374 7,148 8,522 (2,021) 2004 2016
2612 Allen TX - 1,310 4,165 1,683 1,310 5,848 7,158 (1,899) 2005 2016
573 Arlington TX - 769 12,355 25,901 769 38,256 39,025 (10,485) 1995/2023 2006
TX0025 Austin TX - 22,885 16,662 1,065 22,902 17,710 40,612 (1,037) 2006 2024
TX0016 Bedford TX - 627 4,706 - 627 4,706 5,333 (339) 2014 2024
TX0026 Bryan TX - 105 7,013 153 105 7,166 7,271 (344) 1996 2024
TX0027 Bryan TX - 197 4,080 - 197 4,080 4,277 (223) 1997 2024
TX0012 Carrollton TX - 1,723 857 - 1,723 857 2,580 (111) 2001 2024
TX0023 Carrollton TX - 3,461 5,211 208 3,461 5,419 8,880 (477) 2002 2024
2621 Cedar Park TX - 1,617 11,640 945 1,617 12,585 14,202 (2,570) 2007 2017
576 Conroe TX - 324 4,842 5,020 324 9,862 10,186 (4,575) 1983 2006
577 Conroe TX - 397 7,966 2,973 397 10,939 11,336 (5,342) 1995 2006
578 Conroe TX - 388 7,975 2,576 388 10,551 10,939 (4,616) 1997/2012 2006
579 Conroe TX - 188 3,618 1,226 188 4,844 5,032 (2,633) 1995 2006
581 Corpus Christi TX - 717 8,181 4,429 717 12,610 13,327 (5,782) 1995 2006
600 Corpus Christi TX - 328 3,210 2,456 334 5,660 5,994 (3,040) 1995 2006
601 Corpus Christi TX - 313 1,771 1,458 325 3,217 3,542 (1,318) 1985 2006
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
2839 Cypress TX - - - 37,654 11 37,643 37,654 (13,846) 2016 2015
582 Dallas TX - 1,664 6,785 3,781 1,793 10,437 12,230 (5,178) 1979 2006
1314 Dallas TX - 15,230 162,970 29,492 23,630 184,062 207,692 (94,164) 1974 2007
1315 Dallas TX - - - 4,485 17 4,468 4,485 (1,431) 1978 2007
1316 Dallas TX - - - 10,361 64 10,297 10,361 (3,075) 1985 2007
1317 Dallas TX - - - 12,298 267 12,031 12,298 (3,024) 1995 2007
1319 Dallas TX - 18,840 155,659 7,310 18,840 162,969 181,809 (81,664) 1974 2007
2721 Dallas TX - 31,707 2,000 698 31,707 2,698 34,405 (1,998) 1983 2020
TX0028 Dallas TX - 448 189,390 1,552 448 190,942 191,390 (6,257) 2011 2024
3007 Denton TX 5,673 2,298 9,502 111 2,338 9,573 11,911 (1,786) 2014 2021
TX0033 Denton TX - 1,524 11,381 - 1,524 11,381 12,905 (434) 2019 2024
TX0001 El Paso TX - 725 2,729 74 725 2,803 3,528 (92) 1987 2024
TX0002 El Paso TX - 1,429 5,104 377 1,429 5,481 6,910 (295) 2004 2024
TX0009 El Paso TX - 2,156 10,909 262 2,156 11,171 13,327 (557) 1983 2024
TX0010 El Paso TX - 913 2,014 89 918 2,098 3,016 (150) 1983 2024
TX0022 Flower Mound TX - 910 3,696 95 910 3,791 4,701 (158) 2011 2024
TX0024 Flower Mound TX - 1,429 12,043 362 1,512 12,322 13,834 (652) 2011 2024
TX0A22 Flower Mound TX - 992 2,628 195 992 2,823 3,815 (116) 2011 2024
583 Fort Worth TX - 898 4,866 4,763 898 9,629 10,527 (4,661) 1995 2006
805 Fort Worth TX - - 2,481 1,416 45 3,852 3,897 (2,650) 1985 2005
806 Fort Worth TX - - 6,070 1,775 51 7,794 7,845 (3,603) 1985 2005
2619 Fort Worth TX - 1,180 13,432 2,000 1,180 15,432 16,612 (2,579) 2006 2017
2620 Fort Worth TX - 1,961 14,155 1,599 2,000 15,715 17,715 (2,732) 2005 2017
2982 Fort Worth TX - 2,720 6,225 6,335 2,719 12,561 15,280 (4,259) 2020 2019
3020 Frisco TX - - 27,201 731 - 27,932 27,932 (3,041) 2004 2021
3021 Frisco TX - - 26,181 2,272 - 28,453 28,453 (3,485) 2004 2021
TX0032 Ft. Worth TX - 866 24,845 63 866 24,908 25,774 (951) 2017 2024
1061 Granbury TX - - 6,863 1,326 - 8,189 8,189 (3,973) 2001 2006
430 Houston TX - 1,927 33,140 22,722 2,388 55,401 57,789 (33,744) 1985/2018 1999
446 Houston TX - 2,200 19,585 11,112 2,936 29,961 32,897 (22,553) 1976/2018 1999
589 Houston TX - 1,676 12,602 16,193 1,676 28,795 30,471 (8,996) 1985/2022 2006
702 Houston TX - - 7,414 2,716 - 10,130 10,130 (5,100) 2006 2006
1044 Houston TX - - 4,838 6,769 1,321 10,286 11,607 (4,127) 2006 2006
2542 Houston TX - 304 17,764 (304) - 17,764 17,764 (4,822) 1990 2015
2543 Houston TX - 116 6,555 (116) - 6,555 6,555 (2,076) 1970 2015
2544 Houston TX - 312 12,094 (312) - 12,094 12,094 (3,830) 1987 2015
2545 Houston TX - 316 13,931 (300) - 13,947 13,947 (3,309) 2005 2015
2546 Houston TX - 408 18,332 1,582 - 20,322 20,322 (6,978) 1977 2015
2547 Houston TX - 470 18,197 429 - 19,096 19,096 (5,762) 1985 2015
2548 Houston TX - 313 7,036 (112) - 7,237 7,237 (2,674) 1979 2015
2549 Houston TX - 530 22,711 148 530 22,859 23,389 (5,298) 2006 2015
2966 Houston TX - - - 40,944 - 40,944 40,944 (5,145) 2022 2020
590 Irving TX - 828 6,160 5,620 828 11,780 12,608 (5,308) 1997 2006
700 Irving TX - - 8,550 2,965 8 11,507 11,515 (5,499) 2004 2006
1207 Irving TX - 1,955 12,793 4,707 2,032 17,423 19,455 (7,447) 2001 2006
TX0013 Katy TX - 2,567 3,105 276 2,567 3,381 5,948 (256) 2005 2024
TX0014 Katy TX - 2,153 21,169 248 2,153 21,417 23,570 (1,156) 2006 2024
2840 Kingwood TX - 3,035 28,373 1,199 3,422 29,185 32,607 (6,930) 2003 2016
591 Lewisville TX - 561 8,043 1,447 561 9,490 10,051 (4,784) 1976 2006
144 Longview TX - 102 7,998 988 102 8,986 9,088 (6,021) 1993 1992
143 Lufkin TX - 338 2,383 219 338 2,602 2,940 (1,722) 1993 1992
TX0019 Lufkin TX - 80 6,314 237 80 6,551 6,631 (318) 1999 2024
TX0020 Lufkin TX - 100 7,954 560 100 8,514 8,614 (366) 2004 2024
TX0021 Lufkin TX - 155 2,668 - 155 2,668 2,823 (172) 1990 2024
TX0008 Mansfield TX - 4,435 3,375 111 4,435 3,486 7,921 (229) 2010 2024
568 McKinney TX - 541 6,217 3,292 541 9,509 10,050 (5,404) 1999 2003
569 McKinney TX - - 636 8,330 - 8,966 8,966 (4,914) 2004 2003
3216 McKinney TX - - - 23,325 - 23,325 23,325 - - 2023
TX0029 Midland TX - 2,933 12,903 - 2,933 12,903 15,836 (663) 2003 2024
596 North Richland Hills TX - 812 8,883 4,631 812 13,514 14,326 (6,093) 1999 2006
TX0030 Pasadena TX - 1,520 8,648 - 1,520 8,648 10,168 (388) 2018 2024
2835 Pearland TX - - 4,014 5,853 41 9,826 9,867 (3,409) 2006 2006
2838 Pearland TX - - - 18,054 - 18,054 18,054 (5,867) 2015 2014
597 Plano TX - 1,210 9,588 7,510 1,225 17,083 18,308 (7,807) 1997 2006
672 Plano TX - 1,389 12,768 4,751 1,389 17,519 18,908 (7,944) 2004 2006
1384 Plano TX - 6,290 22,686 8,430 6,290 31,116 37,406 (26,707) 1997 2007
2653 Rockwall TX - 788 9,020 (369) 536 8,903 9,439 (1,761) 2015 2017
TX0031 Rockwall TX - 606 15,815 375 606 16,190 16,796 (714) 2017 2024
815 San Antonio TX - - 9,193 3,637 75 12,755 12,830 (6,170) 1997 2006
816 San Antonio TX 1,180 - 8,699 13,052 26 21,725 21,751 (7,068) 1992/2022 2006
2837 San Antonio TX - - 26,191 4,413 - 30,604 30,604 (13,873) 2006 2011
TX0005 San Antonio TX - 4,100 20,829 101 4,100 20,930 25,030 (968) 2007 2024
TX0006 San Antonio TX - 687 2,796 42 687 2,838 3,525 (196) 2007 2024
2852 Shenandoah TX - - - 29,980 - 29,980 29,980 (9,663) 2017 2016
TX0017 Spring TX - 892 25,022 (3) 892 25,019 25,911 (909) 2015 2024
598 Sugar Land TX - 1,078 5,158 4,447 1,112 9,571 10,683 (3,860) 1982 2006
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
599 Texas City TX - - 9,519 2,067 - 11,586 11,586 (5,526) 2003 2006
2550 The Woodlands TX - 115 5,141 (115) - 5,141 5,141 (1,395) 1984 2015
2551 The Woodlands TX - 296 18,282 (296) - 18,282 18,282 (4,342) 1997 2015
2552 The Woodlands TX - 374 25,125 (374) - 25,125 25,125 (5,304) 2004 2015
TX0018 The Woodlands TX - 715 13,972 - 715 13,972 14,687 (724) 2001 2024
152 Victoria TX - 125 8,977 535 125 9,512 9,637 (6,120) 1994 1992
2198 Webster TX - 2,220 9,602 142 2,220 9,744 11,964 (4,325) 1991 2013
3024 Webster TX - 3,196 12,911 325 3,212 13,220 16,432 (1,393) 2007 2022
3025 Webster TX - 3,209 23,782 141 3,225 23,907 27,132 (2,487) 2007 2022
TX3249 Webster TX - 2,265 - - 2,265 - 2,265 - - 2024
3215 Wylie TX - 874 4,122 11 874 4,133 5,007 (421) 2005 2007
1592 Bountiful UT - 999 7,426 2,807 1,019 10,213 11,232 (4,260) 2005 2010
169 Bountiful UT - 276 5,237 5,377 599 10,291 10,890 (4,934) 1995 1994
2035 Draper UT 3,748 - 10,803 867 - 11,670 11,670 (3,194) 2010 2012
469 Kaysville UT - 530 4,493 550 530 5,043 5,573 (2,373) 2001 2001
456 Layton UT - 371 7,073 2,910 401 9,953 10,354 (5,596) 1998 2001
2042 Layton UT - - 10,975 1,794 44 12,725 12,769 (3,561) 2006 2012
357 Orem UT - 337 8,744 1,042 306 9,817 10,123 (6,590) 1998 1999
353 Salt Lake City UT - 190 779 280 273 976 1,249 (692) 1991 1999
354 Salt Lake City UT - 220 10,732 4,567 309 15,210 15,519 (9,481) 1999 1999
355 Salt Lake City UT - 180 14,792 5,604 180 20,396 20,576 (12,561) 1993 1999
467 Salt Lake City UT - 3,000 7,541 2,158 3,019 9,680 12,699 (5,395) 1998 2001
566 Salt Lake City UT - 509 4,044 3,828 509 7,872 8,381 (4,071) 1974 2003
2041 Salt Lake City UT - - 12,326 1,009 - 13,335 13,335 (3,813) 2007 2012
2033 Sandy UT - 867 3,513 2,920 1,356 5,944 7,300 (3,667) 1989 2012
2864 Washington Terrace UT - - - 20,163 - 20,163 20,163 (4,116) 2020 2019
351 Washington Terrace UT - - 4,573 3,091 17 7,647 7,664 (3,863) 1989 1999
352 Washington Terrace UT - - 2,692 1,581 15 4,258 4,273 (2,042) 1990 1999
2034 West Jordan UT - - 12,021 (177) - 11,844 11,844 (3,282) 2006 2012
2036 West Jordan UT - - 1,383 1,378 - 2,761 2,761 (1,677) 1982 2012
1208 Fairfax VA - 8,396 16,710 11,995 8,742 28,359 37,101 (16,235) 1974/2018 2006
2230 Fredericksburg VA - 1,101 8,570 156 1,113 8,714 9,827 (2,554) 2008 2014
VA0001 Fredericksburg VA - 2,674 14,182 2,448 3,043 16,261 19,304 (780) 2006 2024
VA0002 Hampton VA - 4,865 11,976 - 4,865 11,976 16,841 (713) 2007 2024
3001 Leesburg VA 10,252 3,549 24,059 5,717 3,549 29,776 33,325 (5,670) 2010 2021
3015 Midlothian VA 12,734 - 21,442 22 59 21,405 21,464 (2,288) 2012 2021
3016 Midlothian VA 12,038 - 20,610 (147) 32 20,431 20,463 (2,156) 2013 2021
3017 Midlothian VA 13,928 - 22,531 (1,031) - 21,500 21,500 (2,539) 2014 2021
572 Reston VA - - 11,902 (860) - 11,042 11,042 (5,902) 2004 2003
WA0009 Federal Way WA - 397 6,502 368 397 6,870 7,267 (357) 1987 2024
WA0006 Gig Harbor WA - 87 1,938 - 87 1,938 2,025 (116) 1991 2024
WA0002 Kennewick WA - 3,611 25,463 - 3,611 25,463 29,074 (1,458) 2015 2024
WA0001 Lakewood WA - 3,967 5,588 21 3,967 5,609 9,576 (361) 2004 2024
WA0010 Lakewood WA - 400 3,665 90 400 3,755 4,155 (286) 1989 2024
448 Renton WA - - 18,724 4,630 - 23,354 23,354 (14,684) 1993 1999
781 Seattle WA - - 52,703 10,268 - 62,971 62,971 (30,822) 1994 2004
782 Seattle WA - - 24,382 22,359 125 46,616 46,741 (18,601) 1990/2022 2004
783 Seattle WA - - 5,625 2,164 69 7,720 7,789 (6,215) 1984 2004
785 Seattle WA - - 7,293 933 - 8,226 8,226 (5,253) 1982 2004
1385 Seattle WA - - 45,027 18,577 - 63,604 63,604 (29,496) 1986/2019 2007
3022 Seattle WA - 35,624 4,176 1 35,625 4,176 39,801 (2,741) 1963/2012 2021
WA0003 Tacoma WA - 269 1,900 383 269 2,283 2,552 (206) 1977 2024
WA0004 Tacoma WA - 479 6,955 237 479 7,192 7,671 (462) 1991 2024
WA0005 Tacoma WA - 440 6,778 329 440 7,107 7,547 (381) 1989 2024
WA0007 Tacoma WA - 186 15,111 - 186 15,111 15,297 (747) 1980 2024
WI0006 Appleton WI - 1,892 13,896 80 1,892 13,976 15,868 (587) 2015 2024
WI0007 Appleton WI - 2,477 15,188 - 2,477 15,188 17,665 (862) 2005 2024
WI0005 Brookfield WI - 1,183 3,391 46 1,183 3,437 4,620 (151) 2016 2024
WI0004 Milwaukee WI - 3,052 13,111 612 3,052 13,723 16,775 (541) 1896/2003 2024
WI0002 Shawano WI - 347 1,571 - 347 1,571 1,918 (96) 2010 2024
WI0001 West Allis WI - 980 388 9 980 397 1,377 (63) 2002 2024
2038 Evanston WY - - 4,601 1,204 - 5,805 5,805 (2,202) 2002 2012
$ 250,503 $ 860,670 $ 6,577,057 $ 1,629,467 $ 877,189 $ 8,190,005 $ 9,067,194 $ (2,005,342)
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
Lab
1483 Brisbane CA $ - $ 8,498 $ 500 $ 83,876 $ 8,498 $ 84,376 $ 92,874 $ (9,494) 2022 2007
1484 Brisbane CA - 11,331 689 159,655 11,331 160,344 171,675 (15,892) 2022 2007
1485 Brisbane CA - 11,331 600 154,111 11,331 154,711 166,042 (17,187) 2022 2007
1486 Brisbane CA - 11,331 - 135,416 11,331 135,416 146,747 (28,636) 2020 2007
1487 Brisbane CA - 8,498 - 76,411 8,498 76,411 84,909 (9,682) 2020 2007
2874 Brisbane CA - 26,895 62,318 76,313 26,295 139,231 165,526 (16,804) 1989 2019
2875 Brisbane CA - 24,092 56,623 11,039 24,092 67,662 91,754 (10,300) 2000 2019
3139 Brisbane CA - 35,805 - 7,726 35,805 7,726 43,531 - - 2019
3140 Brisbane CA - 35,805 - 4,312 35,805 4,312 40,117 - - 2019
3142 Brisbane CA - - - 3,768 - 3,768 3,768 (471) - 2007
1401 Hayward CA - 900 7,100 12,656 1,338 19,318 20,656 (7,075) 1996 2007
1402 Hayward CA - 1,500 6,400 6,837 1,500 13,237 14,737 (3,865) 1999 2007
1403 Hayward CA - 1,900 7,100 7,873 1,900 14,973 16,873 (6,858) 1998 2007
1404 Hayward CA - 2,200 17,200 9,007 2,200 26,207 28,407 (11,504) 1999 2007
1405 Hayward CA - 1,000 3,200 646 1,000 3,846 4,846 (1,805) 1999 2007
1549 Hayward CA - 1,006 4,259 4,080 1,006 8,339 9,345 (4,984) 1996 2007
1550 Hayward CA - 677 2,761 774 677 3,535 4,212 (2,174) 1996 2007
1551 Hayward CA - 661 1,995 2,900 661 4,895 5,556 (2,111) 1996 2007
1552 Hayward CA - 1,187 7,139 1,725 1,187 8,864 10,051 (6,135) 1996 2007
1553 Hayward CA - 1,189 9,465 1,045 1,189 10,510 11,699 (7,258) 1996 2007
1554 Hayward CA - 1,246 5,179 11,972 1,246 17,151 18,397 (7,808) 1996 2007
1555 Hayward CA - 1,521 13,546 7,516 1,521 21,062 22,583 (15,597) 1996 2007
1556 Hayward CA - 1,212 5,120 1,516 1,212 6,636 7,848 (4,134) 1996 2007
1424 La Jolla CA - 11,175 25,283 44,524 11,389 69,593 80,982 (20,050) 1982 2007
1425 La Jolla CA - 7,217 19,883 61 7,217 19,944 27,161 (8,695) 1981 2007
1426 La Jolla CA - 8,381 12,412 20,834 8,381 33,246 41,627 (17,322) 1984 2007
1427 La Jolla CA - 10,127 16,983 13,272 10,355 30,027 40,382 (11,912) 1982 2007
1949 La Jolla CA - 2,686 11,045 17,501 2,686 28,546 31,232 (9,932) 2021 2011
2229 La Jolla CA - 8,753 32,528 16,664 8,777 49,168 57,945 (15,310) 1986/2009 2014
1499 Redwood City CA - 3,400 5,500 2,652 3,455 8,097 11,552 (3,743) 1989 2007
1500 Redwood City CA - 2,500 4,100 1,038 2,500 5,138 7,638 (2,678) 1989 2007
1501 Redwood City CA - 3,600 4,600 1,895 3,600 6,495 10,095 (3,705) 1989 2007
1502 Redwood City CA - 3,100 5,100 3,542 3,100 8,642 11,742 (3,548) 1989 2007
1503 Redwood City CA - 4,800 17,300 8,351 4,800 25,651 30,451 (10,467) 1989 2007
1504 Redwood City CA - 5,400 15,500 11,098 5,400 26,598 31,998 (12,781) 1989 2007
1505 Redwood City CA - 3,000 3,500 6,366 3,000 9,866 12,866 (4,028) 1988 2007
1506 Redwood City CA - 6,000 14,300 14,300 6,000 28,600 34,600 (17,972) 1988 2007
1507 Redwood City CA - 1,900 12,800 11,655 1,900 24,455 26,355 (8,804) 1988/2011 2007
1508 Redwood City CA - 2,700 11,300 17,193 2,700 28,493 31,193 (11,068) 1988/2011 2007
1509 Redwood City CA - 2,700 10,900 1,565 2,700 12,465 15,165 (5,360) 1988 2007
1510 Redwood City CA - 2,200 12,000 6,243 2,200 18,243 20,443 (8,259) 1988 2007
1511 Redwood City CA - 2,600 9,300 17,497 2,600 26,797 29,397 (14,437) 1988 2007
1512 Redwood City CA - 3,300 18,000 19,072 3,300 37,072 40,372 (21,007) 2000 2007
1513 Redwood City CA - 3,300 17,900 18,365 3,326 36,239 39,565 (18,383) 2000 2007
678 San Diego CA - 2,603 11,051 3,587 2,766 14,475 17,241 (7,299) 1997 2004
679 San Diego CA - 5,269 23,566 23,990 5,669 47,156 52,825 (20,424) 1997 2004
837 San Diego CA - 4,630 2,028 3,302 4,630 5,330 9,960 (2,648) 1988/2012 2006
838 San Diego CA - 2,040 903 3,354 2,040 4,257 6,297 (1,439) 1988/2012 2006
839 San Diego CA - 3,940 3,184 2,995 4,036 6,083 10,119 (2,847) 1987 2006
840 San Diego CA - 5,690 4,579 1,486 5,830 5,925 11,755 (2,789) 1987 2006
1418 San Diego CA - 11,700 31,243 59,338 11,700 90,581 102,281 (21,029) 2022 2007
1419 San Diego CA - 2,324 - 33,175 2,324 33,175 35,499 (4,422) 2022 2007
1420 San Diego CA - 4,200 - 41,225 4,200 41,225 45,425 (3,755) 2022 2007
1421 San Diego CA - 7,000 33,779 - 7,000 33,779 40,779 (14,708) 2000 2007
1422 San Diego CA - 7,179 3,687 2,081 7,179 5,768 12,947 (3,687) - 2007
1423 San Diego CA - 8,400 33,144 34,028 8,400 67,172 75,572 (24,422) 2002/2020 2007
1947 San Diego CA - 2,581 10,534 4,497 2,581 15,031 17,612 (8,664) 2000 2011
1948 San Diego CA - 5,879 25,305 8,311 5,879 33,616 39,495 (14,802) 2001 2011
2197 San Diego CA - 7,621 3,913 7,590 7,621 11,503 19,124 (7,733) 1984 2007
2476 San Diego CA - 7,661 9,918 18,298 7,661 28,216 35,877 (4,442) 2000/2002 2016
2477 San Diego CA - 9,207 14,613 8,481 9,207 23,094 32,301 (6,775) 2000/2001 2016
2478 San Diego CA - 6,000 - 120,761 6,000 120,761 126,761 - - 2016
2617 San Diego CA - 2,734 5,195 9,363 2,734 14,558 17,292 (4,106) 1991/2020 2017
2618 San Diego CA - 4,100 12,395 22,843 4,100 35,238 39,338 (14,493) 1991/2020 2017
2622 San Diego CA - - - 17,201 - 17,201 17,201 (2,091) 2020 2004
2872 San Diego CA - 10,120 38,351 1,044 10,120 39,395 49,515 (9,481) 1995 2018
2873 San Diego CA - 6,052 14,122 1,445 6,052 15,567 21,619 (2,941) 1997 2018
3069 San Diego CA - 7,054 7,794 24,081 6,954 31,975 38,929 (4,467) 2007/2021 2019
3110 San Diego CA - 19,120 - 9,373 20,587 7,906 28,493 (14) - 2021
3111 San Diego CA - 24,729 - 2,141 24,830 2,040 26,870 (18) - 2022
3153 San Diego CA - 1,215 - 15 1,217 13 1,230 - - 2023
1410 South San Francisco CA - 4,900 18,100 12,327 4,900 30,427 35,327 (16,142) 2000/2019 2007
1411 South San Francisco CA - 8,000 27,700 33,196 8,000 60,896 68,896 (21,778) 2003/2019 2007
1412 South San Francisco CA - 10,100 22,521 10,501 10,100 33,022 43,122 (14,123) 1999 2007
1413 South San Francisco CA - 8,000 28,299 8,603 8,000 36,902 44,902 (19,128) 2000 2007
1430 South San Francisco CA - 10,700 23,621 27,995 10,733 51,583 62,316 (16,385) 1998/2019 2007
1431 South San Francisco CA - 7,000 15,500 10,711 7,022 26,189 33,211 (10,767) 2001 2007
1435 South San Francisco CA - 13,800 42,500 26,593 13,800 69,093 82,893 (24,860) 2008/2010 2007
1436 South San Francisco CA - 14,500 45,300 42,147 14,500 87,447 101,947 (26,760) 2024 2007
1437 South San Francisco CA - 9,400 24,800 36,750 9,400 61,550 70,950 (24,113) 2008/2010 2007
1439 South San Francisco CA - 11,900 68,848 13,735 11,900 82,583 94,483 (29,994) 2003 2007
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024 Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024 Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
1440 South San Francisco CA - 10,000 57,954 15,024 10,000 72,978 82,978 (24,006) 2003 2007
1441 South San Francisco CA - 9,300 43,549 22,619 9,300 66,168 75,468 (16,875) 2003 2007
1442 South San Francisco CA - 11,000 47,289 42,668 11,000 89,957 100,957 (26,528) 2023 2007
1443 South San Francisco CA - 13,200 60,932 3,283 13,200 64,215 77,415 (26,657) 2007 2007
1444 South San Francisco CA - 10,500 33,776 13,824 10,500 47,600 58,100 (14,058) 2024 2007
1445 South San Francisco CA - 10,600 34,083 46 10,600 34,129 44,729 (14,848) 2003 2007
1458 South San Francisco CA - 10,900 20,900 6,924 10,900 27,824 38,724 (10,664) 2005 2007
1459 South San Francisco CA - 9,800 394 157,274 9,800 157,668 167,468 (11,273) 2023 2007
1462 South San Francisco CA - 7,117 600 5,280 7,117 5,880 12,997 (1,956) 1984/2012 2007
1463 South San Francisco CA - 10,381 2,300 17,197 10,381 19,497 29,878 (6,763) 1979/2012 2007
1464 South San Francisco CA - 7,403 700 9,060 7,403 9,760 17,163 (3,302) 1965/2012 2007
1468 South San Francisco CA - 10,100 24,013 11,565 10,100 35,578 45,678 (16,168) 2006 2007
1480 South San Francisco CA - 32,210 3,110 160,550 32,210 163,660 195,870 (7,004) 2023 2007
1528 South San Francisco CA - - - 188,739 - 188,739 188,739 (275) - 2007
1559 South San Francisco CA - 5,666 5,773 199 5,666 5,972 11,638 (5,923) 1968 2007
1560 South San Francisco CA - 1,204 1,293 2,683 1,204 3,976 5,180 (3,267) 1966 2007
1983 South San Francisco CA - 8,648 - 90,582 8,648 90,582 99,230 (31,738) 2016 2011
1984 South San Francisco CA - 7,844 - 90,761 7,844 90,761 98,605 (34,910) 2017 2011
1985 South San Francisco CA - 6,708 - 122,716 6,708 122,716 129,424 (43,270) 2017 2011
1986 South San Francisco CA - 6,708 - 120,758 6,708 120,758 127,466 (38,078) 2018 2011
1987 South San Francisco CA - 8,544 - 100,777 8,544 100,777 109,321 (28,885) 2019 2011
1988 South San Francisco CA - 10,120 - 119,625 10,120 119,625 129,745 (35,906) 2019 2011
1989 South San Francisco CA - 9,169 - 100,395 9,169 100,395 109,564 (23,508) 2020 2011
2553 South San Francisco CA - 2,897 8,691 4,478 2,897 13,169 16,066 (5,172) 1988 2015
2554 South San Francisco CA - 995 2,754 2,332 995 5,086 6,081 (1,757) 1988 2015
2555 South San Francisco CA - 2,202 10,776 2,527 2,202 13,303 15,505 (3,917) 1988 2015
2556 South San Francisco CA - 2,962 15,108 1,557 2,962 16,665 19,627 (4,704) 1988 2015
2557 South San Francisco CA - 2,453 13,063 3,842 2,453 16,905 19,358 (6,725) 1988 2015
2558 South San Francisco CA - 1,163 5,925 315 1,163 6,240 7,403 (1,626) 1988 2015
2624 South San Francisco CA - 25,502 42,910 14,832 25,502 57,742 83,244 (14,353) 2001 2017
2870 South San Francisco CA - 23,297 41,797 28,804 23,330 70,568 93,898 (21,151) 1996/2019 2018
2871 South San Francisco CA - 20,293 41,262 22,121 20,333 63,343 83,676 (23,373) 1999/2019 2018
3100 South San Francisco CA - 14,245 - 15,095 14,245 15,095 29,340 - - 2021
3101 South San Francisco CA - 61,208 - 29,603 61,208 29,603 90,811 - - 2021
3102 South San Francisco CA - 43,885 - 6,359 43,885 6,359 50,244 - - 2021
3123 South San Francisco CA - - - 6,456 - 6,456 6,456 - - 2007
3154 South San Francisco CA - - - 56,590 - 56,590 56,590 (307) - -
2705 Cambridge MA - 24,371 128,498 197 24,371 128,695 153,066 (17,582) 2011 2020
2706 Cambridge MA - 15,473 149,051 850 15,473 149,901 165,374 (22,324) 2019 2020
2707 Cambridge MA - 25,549 229,547 8,597 25,549 238,144 263,693 (33,377) 2019 2020
2708 Cambridge MA - - 17,751 539 - 18,290 18,290 (1,902) 2010 2020
2709 Cambridge MA - - 15,451 29 - 15,480 15,480 (1,579) 2019 2020
2928 Cambridge MA - 44,215 24,120 3,154 44,215 27,274 71,489 (5,108) 1984 2019
2929 Cambridge MA - 20,516 - 159,436 20,516 159,436 179,952 (15,859) 2022 2019
3074 Cambridge MA - 78,762 252,153 14,635 78,762 266,788 345,550 (41,328) 2018 2019
3106 Cambridge MA - 20,644 2,982 621 20,644 3,603 24,247 (340) 1950 2021
3107 Cambridge MA - 19,009 12,327 1,875 19,009 14,202 33,211 (1,202) 1973 2021
3108 Cambridge MA - 123,074 7,513 8 123,074 7,521 130,595 (969) 1965 2021
3109 Cambridge MA - 5,903 - 637 5,903 637 6,540 - - 2021
3112 Cambridge MA - 23,402 47,623 1,385 23,402 49,008 72,410 (5,706) 1985 2021
3113 Cambridge MA - 32,244 - 8,417 36,119 4,542 40,661 - - 2021
3114 Cambridge MA - 22,969 - (1,179) 22,969 (1,179) 21,790 - - 2021
3115 Cambridge MA - 66,786 - 2,536 66,786 2,536 69,322 - - 2021
3116 Cambridge MA - - - 17,413 - 17,413 17,413 - - 2021
3119 Cambridge MA - - 29,667 - - 29,667 29,667 (2,984) 2021 2021
3120 Cambridge MA - 18,063 - 1,417 18,063 1,417 19,480 - - 2021
3122 Cambridge MA - 25,247 - 3,293 25,247 3,293 28,540 - - 2021
3136 Cambridge MA - 4,118 - (161) 4,119 (162) 3,957 - - 2021
3137 Cambridge MA - 41,327 - 4,680 41,327 4,680 46,007 - - 2021
3141 Cambridge MA - 72,466 - 9,303 72,768 9,001 81,769 - - 2022
3148 Cambridge MA - 2,277 - 67 2,290 54 2,344 - - 2022
3149 Cambridge MA - 5,690 - 625 5,746 569 6,315 - - 2022
3150 Cambridge MA - 1,651 - 360 1,659 352 2,011 - - 2022
3151 Cambridge MA - 8,532 - 904 8,583 853 9,436 - - 2022
3152 Cambridge MA - 9,892 - 1,525 10,507 910 11,417 - - 2023
MA5394 Cambridge MA - 4,441 - 113 4,441 113 4,554 - - 2024
2630 Lexington MA - 16,411 49,682 (2,284) 12,967 50,842 63,809 (12,431) 1999 2017
2631 Lexington MA - 7,759 142,081 30,473 6,978 173,335 180,313 (34,532) 2010/2023 2017
2632 Lexington MA - - 21,390 126,772 - 148,162 148,162 (25,261) 2021 2018
3070 Lexington MA - 14,013 17,083 (269) 14,013 16,814 30,827 (3,110) 1974/2012 2019
3071 Lexington MA - 14,930 16,677 (121) 14,930 16,556 31,486 (2,782) 1970/2012 2019
3072 Lexington MA - 34,598 43,032 (288) 34,598 42,744 77,342 (9,256) 1967/2013 2019
3073 Lexington MA - 37,050 44,647 144 37,050 44,791 81,841 (9,883) 2017 2019
3093 Waltham MA - 47,792 275,556 26,887 47,790 302,445 350,235 (49,524) 2018 2020
9999 Denton TX - 100 - - 100 - 100 - - 2016
464 Salt Lake City UT - 630 6,921 2,563 630 9,484 10,114 (6,260) 1996 2001
465 Salt Lake City UT - 125 6,368 68 125 6,436 6,561 (3,415) 1999 2001
466 Salt Lake City UT - - 14,614 (1,401) - 13,213 13,213 (5,702) 2002 2001
1593 Salt Lake City UT - - 23,998 250 - 24,248 24,248 (10,516) 2010 2010
$ - $ 1,874,225 $ 3,195,605 $ 3,742,955 $ 1,877,701 $ 6,935,084 $ 8,812,785 $ (1,644,660)
Encumbrances at December 31, 2024
Initial Cost to Company Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition(3)
Gross Amount at Which Carried
As of December 31, 2024
Accumulated Depreciation(5)
Year Constructed(6)
Year Acquired
City State Land and improvements(1)
Buildings and Improvements(2)
Land and improvements
Buildings and Improvements Total(4)
Continuing care retirement community
3089 Birmingham AL $ - $ 6,193 $ 32,146 $ 7,845 $ 6,670 $ 39,514 $ 46,184 $ (9,716) 1991 2020
3090 Bradenton FL - 5,216 88,090 29,437 6,037 116,706 122,743 (27,956) 1985 2020
2997 Clearwater FL 64,402 6,680 132,521 23,978 7,317 155,862 163,179 (27,404) 1991 2020
3086 Jacksonville FL - 19,660 167,860 27,057 21,211 193,366 214,577 (38,594) 1989 2020
2996 Leesburg FL - 8,941 65,698 20,758 9,817 85,580 95,397 (19,236) 1990 2020
2995 Port Charlotte FL - 5,344 159,612 21,429 7,102 179,283 186,385 (30,007) 1987 2020
2998 Seminole FL 41,845 14,080 77,485 14,823 15,047 91,341 106,388 (14,930) 1990 2020
3085 Seminole FL - 13,038 116,819 11,766 13,834 127,789 141,623 (28,051) 1982 2020
3092 Sun City Center FL - 25,254 175,535 25,544 26,918 199,415 226,333 (46,179) 1992 2020
3087 The Villages FL - 6,311 113,061 19,819 6,707 132,484 139,191 (26,539) 2009 2020
3084 Holland MI - 1,572 88,960 13,297 2,134 101,695 103,829 (19,395) 1991 2020
2991 Coatesville PA - 12,949 126,243 22,116 13,616 147,692 161,308 (26,697) 1998 2020
3080 Haverford PA - 16,461 108,816 32,212 16,461 141,028 157,489 (57,476) 1989 2006
3088 Spring TX - 3,210 30,085 13,679 3,544 43,430 46,974 (7,776) 2008 2020
3081 Fort Belvoir VA - 11,594 99,528 22,394 11,594 121,922 133,516 (55,893) 1990 2006
$ 106,247 $ 156,503 $ 1,582,459 $ 306,154 $ 168,009 $ 1,877,107 $ 2,045,116 $ (435,849)
Total real estate assets held for sale - (4,141) (20,364) 13,844 (4,141) (6,520) (10,661) 2,821
Total, excluding held for sale $ 356,750 $ 2,887,257 $ 11,334,757 $ 5,692,420 $ 2,918,758 $ 16,995,676 $ 19,914,434 $ (4,083,030)
_______________________________________
(1)Assets with no initial land costs to the Company represent land that the Company leases from a third party (i.e., ground leases).
(2)Assets with no initial buildings and improvements costs to the Company represent development projects in process or completed.
(3)Includes adjustments for impairments, disposals, casualty events, and costs capitalized subsequent to acquisition, net of incidental income, if applicable. See Note 6 for information regarding impairment charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024.
(4)As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate gross cost of property included above for federal income tax purposes was approximately $21 billion.
(5)Buildings and improvements are depreciated over useful lives ranging up to 50 years.
(6)Year of original construction/year of last major renovation, if applicable.
A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation is as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Real estate:
Balances at beginning of year $ 16,620,314 $ 16,211,621 $ 15,506,658
Real estate assets acquired in connection with the Merger
3,696,519 - -
Acquisition of real estate and development and improvements 668,803 754,225 1,102,593
Sales and/or transfers to assets held for sale (909,629) (137,731) (82,350)
Deconsolidation of real estate - - (189,605)
Impairments (13,118) - -
Other(1)
(148,455) (207,801) (125,675)
Balances at end of year $ 19,914,434 $ 16,620,314 $ 16,211,621
Accumulated depreciation:
Balances at beginning of year $ 3,591,951 $ 3,188,138 $ 2,839,229
Depreciation expense 749,376 609,461 575,125
Sales and/or transfers to assets held for sale (132,604) (12,711) (30,428)
Deconsolidation of real estate - - (89,766)
Other(1)
(125,693) (192,937) (106,022)
Balances at end of year $ 4,083,030 $ 3,591,951 $ 3,188,138
_______________________________________
(1)Primarily represents real estate and accumulated depreciation related to fully depreciated assets and reductions to net real estate due to casualty events.
Schedule IV: Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
(in thousands)
Location Segment Interest Rate Fixed / Variable Maturity Date Periodic Payment Terms Prior Liens Face Amount of Mortgages Carrying Amount of Mortgages Principal Amount Subject to Delinquent Principal or Interest
First mortgages relating to 61 properties:
Multiple Other 6.00 % Fixed 7/19/2026(1)
Interest only
$ - $ 418,389 $ 399,209 $ -
First mortgages relating to 5 properties:
Multiple Other Greater of 9.00% or 4.00% + (SOFR + 10 bps)
Variable 8/1/2027 Interest only - 58,090 57,177 -
First mortgages relating to 10 properties:
Multiple Other Greater of 12.00% or 7.00% + (SOFR + 11 bps)
Variable 1/21/2025(2)
Interest only - 48,000 47,911 -
Construction loan relating to one property:
Arizona Other 7.47 % Fixed 2/6/2027(3)
(4)
- 25,654 23,528 -
Other construction loans each individually less than 3% of total carrying amount:
Various(5)
Other 7.57% to 7.84%
Fixed 12/31/2026 to 7/19/2027 (4)
- 21,238 20,135 -
First mortgages relating to one property:
Alabama Other 10.00 % Fixed 1/12/2025(6)
(4) - 35,350 34,592 -
Other first mortgages each individually less than 3% of total carrying amount:
Various(7)
Other 7.00% to 10.00%
Fixed 6/30/2025 to 12/20/2028(8)
(9)
- 31,761 30,232 -
$ - $ 638,482 $ 612,784 $ -
_______________________________________
(1)This loan includes options to extend the maturity date to July 19, 2028.
(2)In January 2025, the Company received full repayment of the outstanding balance of this secured loan (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).
(3)This loan includes an option to extend the maturity date to May 5, 2028.
(4)A portion of interest is due monthly with remaining interest added to the outstanding principal balance.
(5)Includes various construction loans each related to one property in Arizona and Texas. In January 2025, the Company received full repayment of the $15 million outstanding balance of a construction loan in Texas (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).
(6)In January 2025, the maturity date of this loan was extended to July 12, 2025.
(7)Includes various first mortgages each related to one property in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Texas, and Wisconsin.
(8)This loan includes an option to extend the maturity date to December 20, 2029.
(9)Includes both (i) loans that are interest only or (ii) loans in which a portion of interest is due monthly with remaining interest added to the outstanding principal balance.
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Reconciliation of mortgage loans
Balance at beginning of year $ 175,717 $ 341,749 $ 390,291
Additions:
New mortgage loans
486,667 - -
Draws and additions to existing mortgage loans 30,745 11,602 5,525
Total additions 517,412 11,602 5,525
Deductions:
Principal repayments (77,643) (183,084) (47,591)
Recoveries (reserves) for loan losses(1)
(2,702) 5,450 (6,476)
Total deductions (80,345) (177,634) (54,067)
Balance at end of year $ 612,784 $ 175,717 $ 341,749
_______________________________________
(1)Excludes reserves and recoveries for expected loan losses associated with unfunded loan commitments which are included in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2024.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as stated in their report, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Healthpeak Properties, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Healthpeak Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, of the Company and our report dated February 4, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Costa Mesa, California
February 4, 2025

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. Other Information
Insider Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of our directors or Section 16 officers adopted, modified, or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Except as provided below, the information required under Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and controller. We have also adopted a Vendor Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to our vendors and business partners. Current copies of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Vendor Code of Business Conduct and Ethics are posted on our website at www.healthpeak.com/corporate-impact/governance. In addition, waivers from, and amendments to, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that apply to our directors and executive officers, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions, will be timely posted in the Investors section of our website at www.healthpeak.com.

---

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. Executive Compensation
The information required under Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

---

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required under Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

---

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required under Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required under Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The following Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)
Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations - for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests - for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedules
The following Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules are included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Schedule III: Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
Schedule IV: Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
(a) 3. Exhibits
Exhibit Incorporated by reference herein
Number Description Form Date Filed
2.1+
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 7, 2023, by and among Healthpeak Properties, Inc., New Healthpeak, Inc. and Healthpeak Merger Sub, Inc.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
2.2+
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 29, 2023, by and among Healthpeak Properties, Inc., DOC DR Holdco, LLC (formerly Alpine Sub, LLC), DOC DR, LLC (formerly Alpine OP Sub, LLC), Physicians Realty Trust and Physicians Realty L.P.
Current Report on Form 8-K
October 30, 2023
3.1 Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Healthpeak Properties, Inc. (formerly New Healthpeak, Inc.) effective February 10, 2023.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
3.2 Articles of Amendment of Healthpeak Properties, Inc. (formerly New Healthpeak, Inc.) effective February 10, 2023.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
3.3
Articles of Amendment of Healthpeak Properties, Inc., effective February 29, 2024.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
3.4
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Healthpeak Properties, Inc. (formerly New Healthpeak, Inc.), dated February 10, 2023.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
3.5
Amendment to the Bylaws of Healthpeak Properties, Inc., effective March 1, 2024.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
4.1 Indenture, dated as of September 1, 1993, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York, as trustee.
Registration Statement on Form S-3/A
(Registration No. 333-86654) May 21, 2002
4.1.1 First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 24, 2011, to the Indenture, dated as of September 1, 1993, by and between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K January 24, 2011
4.1.2
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 10, 2023, between Healthpeak OP, LLC, as issuer, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
4.1.3
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2024, between Healthpeak OP, LLC, as issuer, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., as guarantor, DOC DR Holdco, LLC, as guarantor, DOR DR, LLC, as guarantor, and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
4.2
Amended and Restated Indenture, dated as of February 10, 2023, among Healthpeak OP, LLC, as issuer, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (amending and restating the Indenture, dated November 21, 2012, between Healthpeak and the trustee).
Registration Statement on Form S-3ASR
(Registration No. 333-269718)
February 13, 2023
4.2.1 Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated January 21, 2015, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K January 21, 2015
4.2.2 Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated May 20, 2015, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K May 20, 2015
4.2.3 Eighth Supplemental Indenture dated July 5, 2019, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K July 5, 2019
4.2.4 Ninth Supplemental Indenture dated November 19, 2019, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K November 21, 2019
4.2.5 Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated June 23, 2020, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
June 23, 2020
4.2.6 Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated July 12, 2021, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
July 12, 2021
4.2.7 Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated November 24, 2021, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
November 24, 2021
4.2.8 Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated January 17, 2023, between Healthpeak and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
January 17, 2023
4.2.9
Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 10, 2023, between Healthpeak OP, LLC, as issuer, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
4.2.10
Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 10, 2023, among Healthpeak OP, LLC, as issuer, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
May 10, 2023
4.2.11
Sixteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2024, between Healthpeak OP, LLC, as issuer, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., as guarantor, DOC DR Holdco, LLC, as guarantor, DOC DR, LLC, as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.
Current Form on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
4.3
Senior Indenture, dated as of March 7, 2017, among Physicians Realty L.P., Physicians Realty Trust and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.
Registration Statement on Form S-3 ASR (File No. 333-276954)
February 8, 2024
4.3.1
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 7, 2017, among Physicians Realty L.P., Physicians Realty Trust and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, including the form of the 4.300% Senior Notes due 2027.
Registration Statement on Form S-3 ASR (File No. 333-276954) February 8, 2024
4.3.2
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 1, 2017, among Physicians Realty L.P., Physicians Realty Trust and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, including the form of the 3.950% Senior Notes due 2028.
Registration Statement on Form S-3 ASR (File No. 333-276954) February 8, 2024
4.3.3
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 13, 2021, among Physicians Realty L.P., Physicians Realty Trust and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, including the form of the 2.625% Senior Notes due 2031.
Registration Statement on Form S-3 ASR (File No. 333-276954) February 8, 2024
4.3.4
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2024, among DOC DR, LLC, as issuer, DOC DR Holdco, LLC, as guarantor, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., as guarantor, Healthpeak OP, LLC, as guarantor, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, including the form of guarantee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
4.4
Form of 6.750% Senior Notes due 2041.
Current Report on Form 8-K
January 24, 2011
4.5
Form of 3.400% Senior Notes due 2025.
Current Report on Form 8-K
January 21, 2015
4.6
Form of 4.000% Senior Notes due 2025.
Current Report on Form 8-K
May 20, 2015
4.7
Form of 3.250% Senior Notes due 2026.
Current Report on Form 8-K
July 5, 2019
4.8
Form of 3.500% Senior Notes due 2029.
Current Report on Form 8-K
July 5, 2019
4.9
Form of 3.000% Senior Notes due 2030.
Current Report on Form 8-K
November 21, 2019
4.10
Form of 2.875% Senior Notes due 2031.
Current Report on Form 8-K
June 23, 2020
4.11
Form of 1.350% Senior Notes due 2027.
Current Report on Form 8-K
July 12, 2021
4.12
Form of 2.125% Senior Notes due 2028.
Current Report on Form 8-K
November 24, 2021
4.13
Form of 5.250% Senior Notes due 2032.
Current Report on Form 8-K
January 17, 2023
4.14
Form of 5.250% Senior Notes due 2032, including the form of Notation of Guarantee.
Current Report on Form 8-K
May 10, 2023
4.15†
Description of Healthpeak Capital Stock.
10.1 Operating Agreement of Healthpeak OP, LLC, dated as of February 10, 2023.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
10.2 Omnibus Assignment, Assumption and Amendment, dated February 7, 2023 by and between Healthpeak OP, LLC (formerly Healthpeak Properties, Inc.) and Healthpeak Properties, Inc. (formerly New Healthpeak, Inc.).
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
10.3 Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 9, 2024, by and among Healthpeak OP, as borrower, Healthpeak, DOC Holdco and DOC DR, as guarantors, the lenders referred to therein, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
December 9, 2024
10.4
Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2021, among Physicians Realty L.P., as borrower, Physicians Realty Trust, as guarantor, the lenders party thereto and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
10.4.1
First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2023, among Physicians Realty L.P., as borrower, Physicians Realty Trust, as guarantor, the lenders party thereto and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
10.4.2
Second Amendment to Third Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 24, 2023, among Physicians Realty L.P., as borrower, Physicians Realty Trust, as guarantor, the lenders party thereto and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
10.4.3
Consent and Third Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 21, 2024, by and among DOC DR, LLC, DOC DR Holdco, LLC, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., Healthpeak OP, LLC, the lenders party thereto, and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 1, 2024
10.4.4
Fourth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 9, 2024, by and among DOC DR, as borrower, Healthpeak, Healthpeak OP and DOC Holdco, as guarantors, the lenders referred to therein, and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
December 9, 2024
10.5
Term Loan Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2022, by and among Healthpeak, as borrower, the lenders referred to therein, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
August 22, 2022
10.5.1
Consent and Amendment No. 1 to Term Loan Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2023, by and among Healthpeak OP, LLC, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., the lenders listed therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
10.5.2
Consent and Amendment No. 2 and Joinder to Term Loan Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2024, by and among Healthpeak OP, LLC, Healthpeak Properties, Inc., DOC DR Holdco, LLC, DOC DR, LLC, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
April 26, 2024
10.5.3
Amendment No. 3 to Term Loan Agreement, dated as of December 9, 2024, by and among Healthpeak OP, as borrower, Healthpeak, DOC Holdco and DOC DR, as guarantors, the lenders referred to therein, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent.
Current Report on Form 8-K
December 9, 2024
10.6
At-the-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement, dated February 17, 2023, among Healthpeak Properties, Inc., Healthpeak OP, LLC, and the sales agents, forward sellers and forward purchasers referred to therein.
Current Report on Form 8-K
February 17, 2023
10.6.1
Amendment No. 1 to At-the-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement, dated March 11, 2024, among Healthpeak Properties, Inc., Healthpeak OP, LLC, the Sales Agents, the Forward Sellers and the Forward Purchasers.
Current Report on Form 8-K
March 11, 2024
10.6.2
Amendment No. 2 to At-the-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement, dated May 3, 2024, among Healthpeak Properties, Inc., Healthpeak OP, LLC, the Sales Agents, the Forward Sellers and the Forward Purchasers.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
July 26, 2024
10.7*
Second Amended and Restated Director Deferred Compensation Plan.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q November 3, 2009
10.8*
Non-Employee Directors Stock-for-Fees Program.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q August 5, 2014
10.9*
Executive Severance Plan (as amended and restated as of April 27, 2023).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.10*
Executive Change in Control Severance Plan (as amended and restated as of April 27, 2023).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.11*
Amended and Restated Healthpeak Properties, Inc. 2014 Performance Incentive Plan, as amended through October 24, 2019.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
February 13, 2020
10.11.1*
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Healthpeak Properties, Inc. 2014 Performance Incentive Plan.
Current Report on Form 8-K12B
February 10, 2023
10.11.2*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan NEO Retentive LTIP RSU Agreement (adopted 2018).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q May 3, 2018
10.11.3*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan NEO 3-Year Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (adopted 2022).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q May 4, 2022
10.11.4*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan NEO Retentive LTIP Unit Agreement (adopted 2023).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.11.5*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan NEO 3-Year Performance-Based LTIP Unit Agreement (adopted 2023).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.11.6*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan NEO Retentive LTIP Unit Agreement (adopted 2023, for converted 2021 and 2022 LTIP awards).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.11.7*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan NEO 3-Year Performance-Based LTIP Unit Agreement (adopted 2023, for converted 2021 and 2022 LTIP awards).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.11.8*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan NEO Retentive LTIP Unit Award Agreement (adopted 2023, for converted awards).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.11.9*
Form of 2014 Performance Incentive Plan Non-NEO LTIP Unit Award Agreement (adopted 2023, for converted awards).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.12*
Healthpeak Properties, Inc. 2023 Performance Incentive Plan.
Current Report on Form 8-K April 27, 2023
10.12.1*
Form of 2023 Performance Incentive Plan Non-NEO Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (adopted 2023).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.12.2*
Form of 2023 Performance Incentive Plan Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (adopted 2023).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q April 28, 2023
10.12.3*
Form of 2023 Performance Incentive Plan Retentive Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (adopted in 2024).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
April 26, 2024
10.12.4*
Form of 2023 Performance Incentive Plan Retentive LTIP Unit Agreement (adopted in 2024).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
April 26, 2024
10.12.5*
Form of 2023 Performance Incentive Plan 3-Year Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (adopted in 2024).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
April 26, 2024
10.12.6*
Form of 2023 Performance Incentive Plan 3-Year Performance-Based LTIP Unit Agreement (adopted in 2024).
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
April 26, 2024
10.12.7*†
Form of 2023 Performance Incentive Plan Non-NEO OP Unit Award Agreement (adopted 2025, for converted awards).
10.13*
Form of Directors and Officers Indemnification Agreement.
Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended February 12, 2008
10.14
Amended and Restated Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan.
Registration Statement on Form S-3
(Registration No. 333-49746) November 13, 2000
10.15
Offer Letter, dated February 29, 2024, from Healthpeak Properties, LLC to John T. Thomas.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
April 26, 2024
19.1†
Insider Trading Policy.
21.1† Subsidiaries of the Company.
22.1†
List of Issuers of Guaranteed Securities.
23.1† Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-Deloitte & Touche LLP.
31.1† Certification by Scott M. Brinker, Healthpeak’s Principal Executive Officer, Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
31.2† Certification by Peter A. Scott, Healthpeak’s Principal Financial Officer, Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
32.1†† Certification by Scott M. Brinker, Healthpeak’s Principal Executive Officer, Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2†† Certification by Peter A. Scott, Healthpeak’s Principal Financial Officer, Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
97.1
Policy Regarding the Recoupment of Certain Compensation Payments.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
February 9, 2024
101.INS† XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).
_______________________________________
+ Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(2).
* Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement.
† Filed herewith.
†† Furnished herewith.