EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1070985
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1070985_10-K_2022_0001564590-22-005663.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS.
Overview
We are a diversified government solutions company with the scale and experience needed to solve tough government challenges in flexible, cost-effective ways. Through three segments, CoreCivic Safety, CoreCivic Community, and CoreCivic Properties, we provide a broad range of solutions to government partners that serve the public good through corrections and detention management, a network of residential reentry centers to help address America's recidivism crisis, and government real estate solutions. We have been a flexible and dependable partner for government for nearly 40 years. Our employees are driven by a deep sense of service, high standards of professionalism and a responsibility to help government better the public good.
We are the nation's largest owner of partnership correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and one of the largest prison operators in the United States. We also believe we are the largest private owner of real estate used by government agencies in the U.S. As of December 31, 2021, through our CoreCivic Safety segment, we operated 46 correctional and detention facilities, 41 of which we owned, with a total design capacity of approximately 69,000 beds. Through our CoreCivic Community segment, we owned and operated 26 residential reentry centers with a total design capacity of approximately 5,000 beds. In addition, through our CoreCivic Properties segment, we owned 10 properties for lease to third parties and used by government agencies, totaling 1.8 million square feet.
In addition to providing fundamental residential services, our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities offer a variety of rehabilitation and educational programs, including basic education, faith-based services, life skills and employment training, and substance abuse treatment. These services are intended to help reduce recidivism and to prepare offenders for their successful reentry into society upon their release. We also provide or make available to offenders certain health care (including medical, dental, and mental health services), food services, and work and recreational programs.
We are a Maryland corporation formed in 1983. Our principal executive offices are located at 5501 Virginia Way, Brentwood, Tennessee, 37027, and our telephone number at that location is (615) 263-3000. Our website address is www.corecivic.com. We make our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, definitive proxy statements, and amendments to those reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report.
We operated as a REIT from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2020. As a REIT, we provided services and conducted other business activities through taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. A TRS is a subsidiary of a REIT that is subject to applicable corporate income tax rates and certain qualification requirements. Our use of TRSs enabled us to comply with REIT qualification requirements while providing correctional services at facilities we own and at facilities owned by our government partners and to engage in certain other business operations.
As a REIT, we generally were not subject to federal income taxes on our REIT taxable income and gains that we distributed to our stockholders, including the income derived from our real estate and dividends we earned from our TRSs. However, our TRSs were required to pay income taxes on their earnings at regular corporate income tax rates. As a REIT, we generally were required to distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains). Our REIT taxable income did not typically include income earned by our TRSs except to the extent our TRSs paid dividends to the REIT.
On August 5, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors, or BOD, unanimously approved a plan to revoke our REIT election and become a taxable C Corporation, effective January 1, 2021. The BOD also voted unanimously to discontinue our quarterly dividend and prioritize allocating our free cash flow to reduce debt levels. As a result, we are no longer required to operate under REIT rules, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders, which provides us with greater flexibility to use our free cash flow. Beginning January 1, 2021, we are subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at applicable tax rates, and
are no longer entitled to a tax deduction for dividends paid. However, we believe this conversion will improve our overall credit profile and lower our overall cost of capital. Following our first priority of reducing debt, we expect to allocate a substantial portion of our free cash flow to returning capital to our shareholders and pursuing alternative growth opportunities. This conversion will also provide us with significantly more liquidity, which will enable us to reduce our reliance on the capital markets and reduce the size of our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (which provides for a term loan of an original principal balance of $200.0 million, or Term Loan A, and a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $800.0 million, or Revolving Credit Facility), or Bank Credit Facility, in the future. We continued to operate as a REIT for the 2020 tax year, and existing REIT requirements and limitations, including those established by our organizational documents, remained in place until January 1, 2021.
Our ongoing operations are organized into three principal business segments:
•
CoreCivic Safety segment, consisting of the 46 correctional and detention facilities that are owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed by CoreCivic, as well as those correctional and detention facilities owned by third parties but managed by CoreCivic. CoreCivic Safety also includes the operating results of our subsidiary that provides transportation services to governmental agencies, TransCor America, LLC, or TransCor.
•
CoreCivic Community segment, consisting of the 26 residential reentry centers that are owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed by CoreCivic. CoreCivic Community also includes the operating results of our electronic monitoring and case management services.
•
CoreCivic Properties segment, consisting of the 10 real estate properties owned by CoreCivic for lease to third parties and used by government agencies.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, our total segment net operating income, which we define as a facility's revenues (including interest income associated with finance leases) less operating expenses, was divided among our three business segments as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
Segment:
Safety
85.5
%
82.2
%
85.2
%
Community
3.3
%
3.4
%
5.0
%
Properties
11.2
%
14.4
%
9.8
%
Our customers primarily consist of federal, state, and local government agencies. Federal correctional and detention authorities primarily consist of ICE, the USMS, and the BOP. Payments by federal correctional and detention authorities represented 56%, 52%, and 51% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Our customer contracts for providing bed capacity and correctional, detention, and residential reentry services in our CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community segments typically have terms of three to five years and contain multiple renewal options. Most of our facility contracts also contain clauses that allow the government agency to terminate the contract at any time without cause, and our facility contracts are generally subject to annual or bi-annual legislative appropriations of funds. Notwithstanding these termination clauses, the contract renewal rate for properties we owned and operated in these segments was 95% over the five years ended December 31, 2021. The government lease agreements in our CoreCivic Properties segment typically have terms of five to twenty years including renewal options, and generally have more restrictive termination clauses.
In our CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community segments, we are compensated for providing bed capacity and correctional, detention, and residential reentry services at a per diem rate based upon actual or minimum guaranteed occupancy levels. Occupancy rates for a particular facility are typically low when first opened or immediately following an expansion. However, beyond the start-up period, which typically ranges from 90 to 180 days, the occupancy rate tends to stabilize. Our occupancy rates have declined since 2019 due to the effects of COVID-19, as further described hereafter. The average compensated occupancy of our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, based on rated capacity was as follows for 2021, 2020, and 2019:
CoreCivic Safety facilities
%
%
%
CoreCivic Community facilities
%
%
%
Total
%
%
%
The average compensated occupancy of our CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community facilities, excluding idled facilities, was 80%, 82%, and 93% for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
In our CoreCivic Properties segment, we own properties for lease to third parties and used by government agencies where our occupancy percentage is based on leased square feet rather than bed capacity. The average occupancy of the 10 properties comprising our CoreCivic Properties segment portfolio as of December 31, 2021 was 100%, 99%, and 99% for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Operating Procedures and Offender Services for Correctional, Detention, and Residential Reentry Facilities
Pursuant to the terms of our customer contracts, we are responsible for the overall operations of our facilities, including staff recruitment, general administration of the facilities, facility maintenance, security, and supervision of the offenders. We are required by our customer contracts to maintain certain levels of insurance coverage for general liability, workers' compensation, vehicle liability, and property loss or damage. We also are required to indemnify our customers for claims and costs arising out of our operations and, in certain cases, to maintain performance bonds and other collateral requirements.
Reentry programs.
We believe a focus on inmate reentry provides great benefits for our communities - more people living healthy and productive lives and contributing to strong families and local economies. We have committed to evolving our model with an increased focus on reentry services, and we are working hard to equip the men and women in our care with the services, support, and resources they need to be successful upon reentry.
While we remain focused on our commitment, due to COVID-19 and the measures we have implemented to protect the health and safety of our staff and the people in our care, we continued to experience a reduction in the number of individuals who benefited from our reentry and educational programs in 2021 when compared to years prior to 2020. Our efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have included restricting the movement and interactions of individuals in and around our facilities, which has significantly disrupted our reentry programs. We have worked with our government partners to continue to provide programs in a safe manner, including offering programs where possible through self-study materials, and we expanded the use of tablet technology. We also reduced class sizes to help ensure social distancing and offered special high school equivalency (either GED or HiSet) testing schedules. We intend to work with our government partners and to follow national health standards in reinstating these reentry programs to their full capacity as circumstances permit.
We provide a wide range of evidence-based reentry programs and activities in our facilities. At most of the facilities we manage, offenders have the opportunity to enhance their basic education from literacy through earning a high school equivalency certificate endorsed by their respective state. In some cases, we also provide opportunities for postsecondary educational achievements and chances to participate in college degree programs. A number of our facilities that care for non-U.S. citizens offer adult education curricula recognized by several nations to which these offenders may return, including a curriculum offered in conjunction with the Mexican government. We also provide an Adult Education in Spanish program for offenders with that specific language need.
For the offenders who are close to taking their GED/HiSET exam, we have invested in the equipment needed to use the GED/HiSET Academy software program, which is an offline software program providing over 200 hours of individualized lessons up to a 12th grade level. The GED/HiSET Academy incorporates teaching best practices and provides an atmosphere to engage and motivate students to learn everything they need to know to pass the GED/HiSET exam. According to a 2018 study published in the Journal of Experimental Criminology, inmates participating in correctional education programs were 28% less likely to recidivate when compared with inmates who did not participate in correctional education programs.
In addition, we offer a broad spectrum of career/technical education opportunities to help individuals learn marketable job skills. Our trade programs are certified by the National Center for Construction Education and Research, or NCCER. NCCER establishes the curriculum and certification for over 4,000 construction and trade organizations. Graduates of these programs enter the job market with certified skills that significantly enhance employability. According to research conducted by the RAND Corporation published in 2013, inmates who complete vocational training are 28% more likely to find a job after release.
We are proud of the educational programs we offer and intend to maintain and continue to develop such programs. Examples of programs we've recently offered include:
•
In 2021, we partnered with Home Builders Institute, or HBI, in opening a Construction Academy at our Crowley County Correctional Facility in Colorado. HBI is a national nonprofit organization that provides training, curriculum development, and job placement services for the building industry. Carpentry is taught at the Construction Academy at our Crowley facility and students can earn a Pre-Apprenticeship Certificate and receive job placement assistance from HBI staff.
•
In 2021, we partnered with Trinity Services Group, a national leader in correctional food service, in opening a Culinary Training Program at our Lake Erie Correctional Institution in Ohio. Through the 10-month program offered at the Lake Erie facility, students can earn a Certified Fundamental Cook Certificate issued by the American Culinary Federation. The program also teaches students restaurant and catering management skills.
•
In 2020, our Lee Adjustment Center in Kentucky implemented "Interview School," a web-based artificial intelligence software for practicing job interviews. Interview School conducts job-specific interviews and provides feedback on tone, confidence, and answer content. We plan to implement Interview School at additional facilities in 2022.
•
In 2019, we partnered with Persevere, a national non-profit organization, to offer offenders at our Trousdale Turner facility in Tennessee an opportunity to learn software coding and job readiness/employability skills specific to the technology field. The partnership with Persevere was expanded to include our Red Rock Correctional Center in 2020 and our Saguaro Correctional Facility in 2021. Both the Red Rock and Saguaro facilities are in Arizona. The instructor-led, self-paced program utilizes both a coding instructor and a Technology Employability Specialist to ensure students are learning the craft and how to obtain and maintain a job in the field, post-incarceration. Additionally, the program is split into two phases that allows students to become certified Front-end Developers (phase 1) and Full Stack Developers (phase 2) upon completion.
•
In 2019, we increased our post-secondary educational offerings by growing our relationship with Ashland University, based in Ohio, to deliver college-level programming to offenders at our Jenkins, Wheeler, and Coffee correctional facilities in Georgia. In 2020, we also began offering the college-level programming at our Northeast Ohio facility in Ohio. This relationship with Ashland University allows enrollees to obtain an Associate's Degree in General Studies or a Bachelor's Degree in Communication Studies or Interdisciplinary Studies at no cost to them through Pell Grant funding. Students access coursework, tests, and interact with their instructors through a secure Learning Management System via a tablet computer.
•
In 2018, through a relationship with Fuel Education, a company that specializes in digital learning opportunities, we began offering an online Information Support and Services computer program at our Lee Adjustment Center in Kentucky. This program allows students to enhance their computer knowledge and was developed in coordination with the Commonwealth of Kentucky Department of Corrections, or KYDOC, our government partner at the Lee facility. Students who successfully complete the approximate 10-month program will be awarded a base National Occupational Competency Testing Institute, or NOCTI, credential with the opportunity to earn an advanced NOCTI credential in the future.
•
In 2016, our Coffee and Wheeler facilities in Georgia implemented state-of-the-art Diesel Maintenance and Welding programs in coordination with the Georgia Department of Corrections, or GDOC, enabling students to earn trade certificates from nearby community colleges.
For those with assessed substance abuse disorders, we offer cognitive behavioral evidence-based treatment programs with proven clinical outcomes, such as the Residential Drug Abuse Program. We offer both therapeutic community models and intensive outpatient programs. We also offer drug and alcohol use education/DWI programs at some of our locations. Our goal in providing substance abuse treatment is to stimulate internal motivation for change and progress through the stages of change so that lasting behavioral change can occur. Our drug and alcohol education programs help participants understand their relationships with drugs and alcohol and the links between drug and alcohol use and crime, as well as equipping participants with information designed to help them make better choices that can lead to healthier relationships in their lives. According to a study by the Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, "An Assessment of Substance Abuse Treatment Programs in Florida's Prisons Using a Random Assignment Experimental Design" submitted to the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, in 2016, inmates who completed addiction treatment in prison have significantly lower recidivism levels regardless of the treatment model used.
Additional program offerings include our Victim Impact Programs, available at a number of our Safety and Community facilities, which seek to educate offenders about the negative effects their criminal conduct can have on others. All of our facility chaplains facilitate diverse and inclusive opportunities for those in our care to engage in the practice of spirituality and to exercise individual religious freedom. In several facilities, we offer faith-based programs with an emphasis on character development, spiritual growth, and successful reentry. Presently, we utilize Threshold, an innovative, evidence-based inter-faith component of comprehensive reentry services.
Our Reentry and Life Skills programs prepare individuals for life after incarceration by teaching them how to successfully conduct a job search, how to manage their budget and financial matters, parenting skills, and relationship and family skills. Equally significant, we offer cognitive behavioral programs aimed at changing anti-social attitudes and behaviors in offenders, with a focus on altering the level of criminal thinking. In 2017, we introduced a comprehensive reentry strategy we call "Go Further," a forward thinking, process approach to reentry. "Go Further" encompasses all facility reentry programs, adds a proprietary cognitive/behavioral curriculum, and encourages staff and offenders to take a collaborative approach to assist in reentry preparation. In 2020, we expanded our offering by completing the first implementation of "Go Further" in one of our community corrections facilities.
In 2021, we opened a "Go Further Release" program in the Denver, Colorado area. Go Further Release is a program we developed that provides stabilization services and reentry coaching to individuals being released from our facilities. The program provides "Reach-in" services during the returning citizen's last 90 days of incarceration which are designed to prepare individuals for release and make a connection with a reentry coach that will provide support to them after release. "Stabilization and Reentry Coaching" services are provided during an individual's first 90 days of release and an ongoing community support group is available as long as needed. All services are free of charge.
Across the country, our dedicated staff, along with the assistance of thousands of volunteers, work to provide guidance, direction, and post-incarceration services to the men and women in our care. We believe these critical reentry programs help fight the serious challenge of recidivism facing the United States.
Through our community corrections facilities, we provide an array of services to defendants and offenders who are serving their full sentence, the last portion of their sentence, waiting to be sentenced, or awaiting trial while supervised in a community environment. We offer housing and programs with a key focus on employment, job readiness, life skills and various substance abuse treatment programs, in order to help offenders successfully reenter their communities and reduce the risk of recidivism. In some of our community corrections facilities, we offer housing and program services to parolees who have completed their sentence but lack a viable reentry plan. Through a focus on employment and skill development, we provide a means for these parolees to successfully reintegrate into their communities.
In addition, we provide day-reporting and substance abuse treatment programs at some of our community corrections facilities. These programs, depending on the needs of the offender, can provide cognitive behavioral-based programs to assist in the offender's successful reentry while holding the individual accountable while living in the community.
Lastly, we also provide a number of non-residential correctional alternative services, including electronic monitoring and case management services, under our CoreCivic Community segment. Governmental customers use electronic monitoring products and services to monitor low risk offenders as a way to help reduce overcrowding in correctional facilities, as a monitoring and sanctioning tool, and to promote public safety by imposing restrictions on movement and serving as a deterrent for alcohol usage. Providing these non-residential services is a natural complement to our broad network of residential reentry facilities and can help keep individuals from going back to prison or being incarcerated in the first place.
Ultimately, the work we do is intended to give people the tools to reintegrate with their communities permanently. We are proud of the teachers, counselors, case managers, chaplains, and other offender support service professionals who provide these services to the men and women entrusted in our care.
To further underscore our long-term commitment to reducing recidivism, since October 2017, we have maintained a nationwide initiative to advocate for a range of government policies that will help former offenders successfully reenter society and stay out of prison. As part of this continued initiative, we apply government relations resources and expertise to advocate for the following policies:
•
"Ban-the-Box" proposals to help improve former inmates' chances at getting a job;
•
Reduced legal barriers to make it easier and less risky for companies to hire former inmates;
•
Increased funding for reentry programs in areas such as education, addiction treatment, faith-based offerings, victim impact and post-release employment; and
•
Social impact bond pilot programs that tie contractor payments to positive outcomes.
In 2020, we announced that we will publicly advocate at the federal and state levels for a slate of new policies that will help people succeed in their communities after being released from prison. Specifically, we pledged our support for Pell Grant Restoration, Voting Rights Restoration and Licensure Reform Policies. Also in 2020, we began a partnership with, and continue to invest in, Prison Fellowship, a leading advocate for criminal justice reform serving approximately 550,000 current and formerly incarcerated individuals and their family members each year. Through a network of programming and advocacy efforts, the organization seeks to effect positive change at every level of the criminal justice system. We have committed to a multi-year partnership in Prison Fellowship's Warden Exchange program, a residency and online professional development program that enables wardens to share reentry best practices and problem solve amongst a peer group. We believe that as successful as we may be with our work inside our facilities, offenders still face embedded societal barriers when they return to their communities. Supporting recidivism-reducing policies is one way we can bridge the gap and give the men and women entrusted in our care a better opportunity at never returning to prison.
Operating guidelines.
The American Correctional Association, or ACA, is an independent organization comprised of corrections professionals that establishes accreditation standards for correctional and detention facilities around the world. Outside agency standards, such as those established by the ACA, provide us with the industry's most widely accepted operational guidelines. ACA accredited facilities must be audited and re-accredited at least every three years. We have sought and received ACA accreditation for 37, or approximately 95%, of the eligible facilities we operated as of December 31, 2021, excluding our residential reentry facilities. During 2021, 17 of the facilities we manage were newly accredited or re-accredited by the ACA with an average score of 99.6%, making our portfolio average 99.6%.
Beyond the standards provided by the ACA, our facilities are operated in accordance with a variety of company and facility-specific policies and procedures, as well as various contractual requirements. Many of these policies and procedures reflect the high standards generated by a number of sources, including the ACA, the National Commission on Correctional Healthcare, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, as well as federal, state, and local government codes and regulations and longstanding correctional procedures.
In addition, our facilities are operated in compliance with the Prison Rape Elimination Act, or PREA, standards. All confinement facilities covered under the PREA standards must be audited at least every three years to maintain compliance with the PREA standards. We utilize DOJ certified PREA auditors to help ensure that all facilities operate in compliance with applicable PREA regulations.
Our facilities operate under these established standards, policies, and procedures, and also are subject to annual audits by our Quality Assurance Division, or QAD, which operates under, and reports directly to, our Office of General Counsel and acts independently from our Operations Division. Through the QAD, we have devoted significant resources to ensuring that our facilities meet outside agency and accrediting organization standards and guidelines.
The QAD employs a team of full-time auditors, who are subject matter experts from all major disciplines within institutional operations. Annually, QAD auditors generally conduct unannounced on-site evaluations of each CoreCivic Safety facility we operate using specialized audit tools, typically containing more than 1,300 audit indicators across all major operational areas. In most instances, these audit tools are tailored to facility and partner specific requirements. In 2021, due to the impact of COVID-19, the QAD's annual facility audits were announced and some were conducted through a combination of remote and limited onsite reviews. We expect these remote and hybrid audit practices to continue for at least a portion of 2022. In addition, audit teams provide guidance to facility staff on operational best practices and assist staff with addressing specific areas of need, such as meeting requirements of new partner contracts and providing detailed training on compliance requirements for new departmental managers.
The QAD management team coordinates overall operational auditing and compliance efforts across all correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities we manage. In conjunction with subject matter experts and other stakeholders having risk management responsibilities, the QAD management team develops performance measurement tools used in facility audits. The QAD management team provides governance of the corrective action plan process for any items of nonconformance identified through internal and external facility reviews. Our QAD also contracts with teams of ACA certified correctional auditors to evaluate compliance with ACA standards at accredited facilities. Similarly, the QAD routinely incorporates a review of facility compliance with key ACA standards and PREA regulations during annual audits of company facilities.
In addition to our own internal audit and contract compliance efforts, we are also subject to oversight by our government partners. As part of their standard monitoring and compliance programs, approximately 82% of our federal and state government partners typically conduct formal contract-compliance audits and inspections at least annually at CoreCivic Safety facilities. In addition to these annual audits of our facilities, many partners conduct additional area-specific operational audits and inspections on a more frequent basis, including monthly, quarterly, and semi-annually. Some of these audits and facility inspections by our partners are conducted on an unannounced basis. In 2021, our government partners conducted approximately 200 annual, semi-annual, quarterly, and monthly compliance audits and inspections at our CoreCivic Safety facilities. In addition, the majority of our federal and state government partners employ on-site contract monitors who monitor performance and contract compliance at our facilities on a full- or part-time basis. In 2021, all of the CoreCivic Safety facilities we manage have an assigned contract monitor.
Business Development
We believe we own, or control via a long-term lease, approximately 56% of all privately owned prison beds in the United States, manage nearly 38% of all privately managed prison beds in the United States, and are currently the second largest private owner and provider of community corrections services in the nation. We also believe that we are the largest private owner of real estate used by government agencies in the U.S. Under the direction of our partnership development department, we market our facilities and services to government agencies responsible for federal, state, and local correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities in the United States. Under the direction of our real estate department, we intend to continue to pursue attractive growth opportunities, including development opportunities, to meet the need to modernize outdated correctional infrastructure across the country and that we believe have favorable investment returns, diversify our cash flows, and increase value to our stockholders. We will also respond to customer demand and may develop or expand correctional and detention facilities when we believe potential long-term returns justify the capital deployment.
We execute cross-departmental efforts to market CoreCivic Safety solutions to government partners that seek corrections and detention management services, CoreCivic Community solutions to government partners seeking residential reentry services, and CoreCivic Properties solutions to customers that need real estate and maintenance services.
As indicated by the following chart, business from our federal customers, including primarily ICE, the USMS, and the BOP, continues to be a significant component of our business, although the source of revenue is derived from many contracts at various types of properties, i.e. correctional, detention, and reentry. ICE and the USMS each accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue during the last three years.
Certain of our contracts with federal partners contain clauses that guarantee the federal partner access to a minimum bed capacity in exchange for a fixed monthly payment. However, these contracts also generally provide the government the ability to cancel the contract for non-appropriation of funds or for convenience. The solutions we provide to our federal customers continue to be a significant component of our business. We believe our ability to provide flexible solutions and fulfill emergent needs of our federal customers would be very difficult and costly to replicate in the public sector.
Additionally, on January 26, 2021, President Biden issued the Private Prison EO. The Private Prison EO directs the Attorney General to not renew DOJ contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities. Two agencies of the DOJ, the BOP and the USMS, utilize our services. The BOP houses inmates who have been convicted, and the USMS is generally responsible for detainees who are awaiting trial. The BOP has experienced a steady decline in inmate populations over the last eight years, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We currently have one prison contract with the BOP at our 1,978-bed McRae Correctional Facility, accounting for 2% ($40.6 million) of our total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, which expires in November 2022. The Private Prison EO only applies to agencies that are part of the DOJ, which includes the BOP and USMS. ICE facilities are not covered by the Private Prison EO, as ICE is an agency of the Department of Homeland Security, not the DOJ, although it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, USMS and ICE accounted for 23% ($433.6 million) and 30% ($552.2 million), respectively, of our total revenue.
Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own detention capacity and relies on the private sector, along with various government agencies, for its detainee population. The USMS has been advised by the Office of the Deputy Attorney General not to renew existing contracts, or enter into new contracts for private detention facilities. During the second quarter of 2021, we had direct contracts with the USMS for up to 992 detainees at our 2016-bed Northeast Ohio Correctional Center and for up to approximately 96 detainees at our 664-bed Crossroads Correctional Center in Montana that expired and were not renewed. On May 28, 2021, we entered into a new three-year contract with Mahoning County, Ohio to utilize up to 990 beds at our Northeast Ohio Correctional Center. Mahoning County is responsible for County inmates and federal detainees, including USMS detainees, and the County is using the Northeast Ohio facility to address its population needs. During the third quarter of 2021, we entered into an amendment to the contract with the state of Montana to utilize all of the capacity at the Crossroads Correctional Center, including the space vacated by the USMS, and to extend the existing contract to June 30, 2023, with additional renewal options by mutual agreement through August 31, 2029. We had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 600-bed West Tennessee Detention Facility that expired on September 30, 2021 and was not renewed. In addition, we had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 1,033-bed Leavenworth Detention Center that expired on December 31, 2021 and was not renewed. We are actively marketing the West Tennessee and Leavenworth facilities to other government agencies, and in August 2021, we submitted a formal response to a government agency's request for proposal to utilize the West Tennessee facility. We are also currently in discussions with, and have submitted proposals to, other potential government partners to utilize the Leavenworth facility. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to reach agreements for the utilization of the West Tennessee or Leavenworth facilities.
We currently have six detention facilities that have separate contracts where the USMS is the primary customer within the facility that all expire at various times over the next several years, with the exception of two contracts that have indefinite terms. As of December 31, 2021, one of the aforementioned six contracts, a contract with a government agency at our 2,672-bed Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility in Mississippi that allows the USMS to utilize available capacity, expires in June 2022. Non-renewal of these contracts, or the expansion of the Private Prison EO to ICE, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations if we are unable to replace the cash flows with new management contracts like we did at our Northeast Ohio and Crossroads facilities.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic. As a result, in the first quarter of 2020, the federal government decided to deny entry at the United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19, a policy known as Title 42, continued by the Biden administration. This policy resulted in a reduction to the number of people ICE detained, including in our detention facilities.
In February 2021, President Biden announced plans to allow certain migrants to pursue asylum in the United States while awaiting their proceedings in immigration courts, reversing a policy of the prior administration, known as the Migrant Protection Protocols, or MPP, commonly referred to as the "Remain in Mexico Policy", which required these asylum seekers to wait in Mexico during the pendency of their immigration court proceedings.
Both Title 42 and MPP have been subject to legal challenges. On August 13, 2021, a federal court ordered the Biden administration to reinstate the MPP finding that terminating MPP would be illegal "until the Department of Homeland Security has the capacity and willingness to detain immigrants." On August 24, 2021, the Supreme Court refused to block implementation of that order. On October 29, 2021, Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro N. Mayorkas issued a memorandum asserting the termination of MPP, which was structured to be implemented if the decision reinstating MPP is vacated. The memorandum also provides that the Biden administration will continue to comply with the injunction requiring the reinstatement and enforcement of MPP until a final judicial decision, if any, to vacate such injunction is issued. In early December 2021, the Department of Homeland Security began the court-ordered re-implementation of the MPP, and on December 13, 2021, a federal appeals court rejected the Biden administration’s attempts to terminate MPP. On December 29, 2021, the Biden administration appealed this decision to the Supreme Court. Separately, on September 16, 2021, a federal judge prohibited the Biden administration from expelling migrant families pursuant to Title 42, finding that public health law does not authorize the expulsion of migrants. On September 30, 2021, a federal appeals court issued a temporary stay on the prohibition on expelling migrant families pursuant to Title 42. On February 4, 2022, the federal government extended Title 42. As a result, the Biden administration has been able to expel migrant families pursuant to public health concerns over the spread of COVID-19 while the litigation of such policy continues. The number of people apprehended by ICE could increase upon the reversal of Title 42, and if the Biden administration prevails in its efforts to terminate MPP.
Federal revenues from contracts at correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities that we operate increased 5.2% from $999.2 million during 2020 to $1,050.7 million during 2021. The increase in federal revenues resulted from several factors, including new federal contracts and higher average per diems, as further described in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, partially offset by the effect of one fewer day of operations in 2021 due to a leap year in 2020.
State revenues from contracts at correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities that we operate constituted 32%, 33%, and 34% of our total revenue during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and decreased 5.4% from $636.3 million during 2020 to $602.1 million during 2021. Partially offset by several mitigating factors, as further described in MD&A, state revenues primarily decreased in 2021 as a result of the effect of an overall decline in state inmate populations resulting from government actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. The decrease in state revenues in 2021 was also a result of one fewer day of operations in 2021 due to a leap year in 2020.
We cannot predict government responses to an increase in staff or residents testing positive for COVID-19 within public and private correctional, detention and reentry facilities, nor can we predict COVID-19 related restrictions on individuals, businesses, and services that disrupt the criminal justice system. Further, we cannot predict government policies on prosecutions and legal restrictions as a result of COVID-19 that affect the number of people placed in correctional, detention, and reentry facilities. In response to COVID-19, we continue to exercise enhanced hygiene practices and provide our employees and those in our care with personal protective equipment, or PPE, including masks and other personal hygiene items. Further, in an effort to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and at the direction of our government partners, we have significantly reduced the level of movement within our facilities in an effort to reduce the risk of transmitting COVID-19 within our facilities. We intend to continue to work with our government partners and follow national and local health standards in reinstating normal movement within our facilities.
COVID-19 notwithstanding, we believe the long-term growth opportunities of our business remain attractive as government agencies consider their emergent needs (including capacity to help mitigate the spread of infectious disease), as well as the efficiency and offender programming opportunities we provide as flexible solutions to satisfy our partners' needs. Further, although disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, several of our existing federal and state partners, as well as prospective state partners, have been experiencing growth in offender populations and overcrowded conditions, as well as an increase in violent crime. Governments are now assessing their need for correctional space in light of COVID-19, and several are considering alternative correctional capacity for their aged
or inefficient infrastructure, or are seeking cost savings by utilizing the private sector, which could result in increased future demand for the solutions we provide. For example, in December 2021, the state of Arizona awarded us a new contract for up to 2,706 inmates at our 3,060-bed La Palma Correctional Center in Arizona, which we expect to commence late in the first quarter or early in the second quarter of 2022. We are not aware of a larger prison contract awarded to the private sector by any state in over a decade. Competing budget priorities, which will likely become more challenging because of COVID-19, often impede our customers' ability to construct new prison beds of their own or update their older facilities, which we believe could result in further demand for private sector prison capacity solutions in the long-term. Over the long-term, we would like to see meaningful utilization of our available capacity and better visibility from our customers into their potential future needs before we develop new prison capacity on a speculative basis. We will, however, respond to customer demand and may develop or expand correctional and detention facilities when we believe potential long-term returns justify the capital deployment.
Following our first priorities of debt reduction, which may include the purchase of our outstanding debt in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, and managing through the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe the revocation of our REIT election and conversion to a taxable C Corporation, effective January 1, 2021, will allow us to allocate a substantial portion of our free cash flow to returning capital to our shareholders and to pursuing attractive growth opportunities. We believe that we can further develop our business by, among other things:
•
Maintaining and expanding our existing customer relationships and filling existing capacity within our facilities, while maintaining an adequate inventory of available capacity that we believe provides us with flexibility and a competitive advantage when bidding for new management contracts;
•
Enhancing the terms of our existing contracts and expanding the services we provide under those contracts;
•
Pursuing additional opportunities to lease our facilities to government and other third-party operators in need of correctional, detention, and residential reentry capacity;
•
Pursuing mission-critical real estate solutions for government agencies focused on, but not limited to, corrections and detention real estate assets;
•
Pursuing other asset acquisitions and business combinations through transactions with non-government third parties;
•
Maintaining and expanding our focus on community corrections and reentry programming that align with the needs of our government partners;
•
Exploring potential opportunities to expand the scope of non-residential correctional alternative solutions we provide to government agencies, including those services that were not available to us under the REIT structure; and
•
Establishing relationships with new customers that have either previously not outsourced their correctional facility management needs or have utilized other private enterprises.
We generally receive inquiries from or on behalf of government agencies that are considering outsourcing the ownership and/or management of certain facilities or that have already decided to contract with a private enterprise. When we receive such an inquiry, we determine whether there is an existing need for our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and/or services and whether the legal and political climate in which the inquiring party operates is conducive to serious consideration of outsourcing. Based on these findings, an initial cost analysis is conducted to further determine project feasibility.
Frequently, government agencies responsible for correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and services procure space and services through solicitations or competitive procurements. As part of our process of responding to such requests, members of our management team meet with the appropriate personnel from the agency making the request to best determine the agency's needs. If the project fits within our strategy, we submit a written response. A typical solicitation or competitive procurement requires bidders to provide detailed information, including, but not limited to, the space and services to be provided by the bidder, its experience and qualifications, and the price at which the bidder is willing to provide the facility and services (which services may include the purchase, renovation, improvement or expansion of an existing facility or the planning, design and construction of a new facility). The requesting agency selects a provider believed to be able to provide the requested bed capacity, if needed, and most qualified to provide the requested services, and then negotiates the price and terms of the contract with that provider.
2021 Accomplishments
In spite of the continued challenges presented by COVID-19 on our business in 2021, we entered into a number of new contracts, renewed several other significant contracts, and completed numerous other transactions and milestones, including the following:
CoreCivic Safety:
•
Partnered with HBI in opening a Construction Academy at our Crowley County Correctional Facility in Colorado. HBI is a national nonprofit organization that provides training, curriculum development, and job placement services for the building industry. Carpentry is taught at the Construction Academy at our Crowley facility and students can earn a Pre-Apprenticeship Certificate and receive job placement assistance from HBI staff.
•
Partnered with Trinity Services Group, a national leader in correctional food service, in opening a Culinary Training Program at our Lake Erie Correctional Institution in Ohio. Through the 10-month program offered at the Lake Erie facility, students can earn a Certified Fundamental Cook Certificate issued by the American Culinary Federation. The program also teaches students restaurant and catering management skills.
•
Expanded our existing contract with the state of Montana at our 664-bed Crossroads Correctional Center by 96 beds to utilize 100% of the facility capacity, and replacing capacity previously utilized by the USMS.
•
Entered into a new contract with Mahoning County, Ohio to utilize up to 990 beds at our 2,016-bed Northeast Ohio Correctional Center to assist in caring for County inmates and federal detainees in their custody, replacing substantially all of our capacity previously utilized by the USMS.
•
Awarded a new contract by the state of Arizona for up to 2,706 inmates at our 3,060-bed La Palma Correctional Center in Arizona, which we expect to commence late in the first quarter or early in the second quarter of 2022.
CoreCivic Community:
•
Activated a new contract with the BOP to provide residential reentry and home confinement services at our previously idled 289-bed Turley Residential Center and at our 494-bed Oklahoma Reentry Opportunity Center, both in Oklahoma.
CoreCivic Properties:
•
Completed the sale of two government-leased properties in a single transaction to a third party for an aggregate price of $73.0 million, generating net proceeds of $46.2 million after the repayment of debt associated with one of the properties and other transaction-related costs.
•
Completed the sale of a 541,000 square foot government-leased property to a third-party for a price of $253.0 million, generating net proceeds of $76.4 million after the repayment of the debt related to the property and other transaction related costs.
•
Entered into a three-year lease agreement with the state of New Mexico at our 596-bed Northwest New Mexico Correctional Center. We previously operated the Northwest New Mexico facility in our Safety segment under a contract with the state of New Mexico. The new lease agreement commenced on November 1, 2021 and includes extension options that could extend the term of the lease through October 31, 2041.
Corporate and Other:
•
Completed our plan to revoke our REIT election and become a taxable C Corporation, effective January 1, 2021, providing us with greater financial flexibility.
•
Sold $450.0 million of 8.25% senior unsecured notes at 99% of face value, resulting in an effective yield to maturity of 8.5%. The new notes mature in April 2026.
•
Completed a tack-on offering of $225.0 million of 8.25% senior unsecured notes at an issue price of 102.25% of face value, resulting in an effective yield to maturity of 7.65%. The notes mature in April 2026.
•
Repaid approximately $444.0 million of indebtedness, net of the change in cash, extended our weighted average maturity of recourse debt by approximately one year, and reduced our debt leverage ratio to 2.9x for the year ended December 31, 2021, from 3.7x for the year ended December 31, 2020.
•
Issued our third Environmental, Social and Governance, or ESG, report which summarizes our impacts and aspirational goals across environmental, social, and governance topics. The report details our commitment to reducing the national recidivism crisis through evidence-based practice in our reentry programs and covers progress in our human rights-related goals.
•
Named one of America's Most Responsible Companies by Newsweek, making our inaugural appearance on the 2021 list published in November 2021.
Facility Portfolio
CoreCivic Safety and Community Facilities and Facility Management Contracts
Our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities can generally be classified according to the level(s) of security at such facility. Minimum security facilities have open housing within an appropriately designed and patrolled institutional perimeter. Medium security facilities have either cells, rooms or dormitories, a secure perimeter, and some form of external patrol. Maximum security facilities have cells, a secure perimeter, and external patrol. Multi-security facilities have various areas encompassing minimum, medium or maximum security.
Our CoreCivic Safety and Community facilities can also be classified according to their primary function. The primary functional categories are:
•
Correctional Facilities. Correctional facilities care for and provide contractually agreed upon programs and services to sentenced adult prisoners, typically prisoners on whom a sentence in excess of one year has been imposed.
•
Detention Facilities. Detention facilities care for and provide contractually agreed upon programs and services to (i) individuals being detained by ICE, (ii) individuals who are awaiting trial who have been charged with violations of federal criminal law (and are therefore in the custody of the USMS) or state criminal law, and (iii) prisoners who have been convicted of crimes and on whom a sentence of one year or less has been imposed.
•
Residential Facilities. Residential facilities provide space and residential services in an open and safe environment to adults and possibly with children who have been detained by ICE and are awaiting the outcome of immigration hearings. As contractually agreed upon, residential facilities offer services including, but not limited to, educational programs, medical care, recreational activities, counseling, and access to religious and legal services pursuant to Family Residential Standards issued by ICE.
•
Community Corrections. Community corrections/residential reentry facilities offer housing and programs to offenders who are serving the last portion of their sentence or who have been assigned to the facility in lieu of a jail or prison sentence, with a key focus on employment, job readiness, and life skills.
As of December 31, 2021, through our CoreCivic Safety segment, we operated 46 correctional and detention facilities, 41 of which we owned and managed and five of which we managed, and were owned by our government partners. Through our CoreCivic Community segment, we also owned and managed 26 residential reentry centers. Owned and managed facilities include facilities placed into service that we own or control via a long-term lease and manage. The following table includes certain information regarding each facility, including the term of the primary customer contract related to such facility.
Facility Name
Primary Customer
Design
Capacity
(A)
Security Level
Facility Type
(B)
Term
Remaining
Renewal Options
(C)
CoreCivic Safety Facilities:
Safety - Owned and Managed:
Central Arizona Florence
Correctional Complex
USMS
4,128
Multi
Detention
Sep-23
(1) 5 year
Florence, Arizona
Eloy Detention Center
ICE
1,500
Medium
Detention
Indefinite
-
Eloy, Arizona
La Palma Correctional Center
ICE
3,060
Multi
Detention
Indefinite
-
Eloy, Arizona
Red Rock Correctional Center (D)
State of Arizona
2,024
Medium
Correctional
Jul-26
(2) 5 year
Eloy, Arizona
Saguaro Correctional Facility
State of Hawaii
1,896
Multi
Correctional
Jul-24
(2) 1 year
Eloy, Arizona
Leo Chesney Correctional Center
Idled 2015
-
-
-
-
Live Oak, California
Otay Mesa Detention Center
ICE
1,994
Minimum/
Detention
Dec-24
(2) 5 year
San Diego, California
Medium
Bent County Correctional Facility
State of Colorado
1,420
Medium
Correctional
Jun-22
Indefinite
Las Animas, Colorado
Crowley County Correctional
Facility
State of Colorado
1,794
Medium
Correctional
Jun-22
Indefinite
Olney Springs, Colorado
Huerfano County Correctional Center
Idled 2010
Medium
Correctional
-
-
Walsenburg, Colorado
Kit Carson Correctional Center
Idled 2016
1,488
Medium
Correctional
-
-
Burlington, Colorado
Coffee Correctional Facility (E)
State of Georgia
2,312
Medium
Correctional
Jun-22
(12) 1 year
Nicholls, Georgia
Jenkins Correctional Center (E)
State of Georgia
1,124
Medium
Correctional
Jun-22
(13) 1 year
Millen, Georgia
McRae Correctional Facility
BOP
1,978
Medium
Correctional
Nov-22
-
McRae, Georgia
Stewart Detention Center
ICE
1,752
Medium
Detention
Indefinite
-
Lumpkin, Georgia
Facility Name
Primary Customer
Design
Capacity
(A)
Security Level
Facility Type
(B)
Term
Remaining
Renewal Options
(C)
Wheeler Correctional Facility (E)
State of Georgia
2,312
Medium
Correctional
Jun-22
(12) 1 year
Alamo, Georgia
Leavenworth Detention Center
Idled 2021
1,033
Maximum
Detention
-
-
Leavenworth, Kansas
Lee Adjustment Center
Commonwealth of
Multi
Correctional
Jun-25
(3) 2 year
Beattyville, Kentucky
Kentucky
Marion Adjustment Center
Idled 2013
Minimum/
Correctional
-
-
St. Mary, Kentucky
Medium
Prairie Correctional Facility
Idled 2010
1,600
Medium
Correctional
-
-
Appleton, Minnesota
Adams County Correctional Center
ICE
2,232
Medium
Detention
Aug-24
Indefinite
Adams County, Mississippi
Tallahatchie County Correctional
Facility (F)
USMS
2,672
Multi
Detention/
Jun-22
Indefinite
Tutwiler, Mississippi
Correctional
Crossroads Correctional Center (G)
State of Montana
Multi
Correctional
Jun-23
(3) 2 year
Shelby, Montana
Nevada Southern Detention Center
USMS
1,072
Medium
Detention
Sep-25
(1) 5 year
Pahrump, Nevada
Elizabeth Detention Center
ICE
Minimum
Detention
Aug-23
-
Elizabeth, New Jersey
Cibola County Corrections Center
USMS
1,129
Medium
Detention
Indefinite
-
Milan, New Mexico
Torrance County Detention Facility
ICE
Multi
Detention
May-24
Indefinite
Estancia, New Mexico
Lake Erie Correctional
Institution (H)
State of Ohio
1,798
Medium
Correctional
Jun-32
Indefinite
Conneaut, Ohio
Northeast Ohio Correctional Center
State of Ohio
2,016
Medium
Correctional
Jun-32
Indefinite
Youngstown, Ohio
Cimarron Correctional Facility
USMS
1,600
Multi
Detention
Sep-23
Indefinite
Cushing, Oklahoma
Davis Correctional Facility (I)
State of Oklahoma
1,670
Multi
Correctional
Jun-23
-
Holdenville, Oklahoma
Facility Name
Primary Customer
Design
Capacity
(A)
Security Level
Facility Type
(B)
Term
Remaining
Renewal Options
(C)
Diamondback Correctional Facility
Idled 2010
2,160
Multi
Correctional
-
-
Watonga, Oklahoma
Trousdale Turner Correctional Center
State of Tennessee
2,552
Multi
Correctional
Jun-26
-
Hartsville, Tennessee
West Tennessee Detention Facility
Idled 2021
Multi
Detention
-
-
Mason, Tennessee
Whiteville Correctional Facility (J)
State of Tennessee
1,536
Medium
Correctional
Jun-26
-
Whiteville, Tennessee
Eden Detention Center
USMS
1,422
Medium
Detention
Indefinite
-
Eden, Texas
Houston Processing Center
ICE
1,000
Medium
Detention
Aug-22
(8) 1 year
Houston, Texas
Laredo Processing Center
ICE
Minimum/
Detention
Jun-23
Indefinite
Laredo, Texas
Medium
South Texas Family Residential
Center
ICE
2,400
-
Residential
Sep-26
Indefinite
Dilley, Texas
T. Don Hutto Residential Center
ICE
Medium
Detention
Jul-22
(8) 1 year
Taylor, Texas
Webb County Detention Center
ICE
Medium
Detention
Feb-23
Indefinite
Laredo, Texas
Safety - Managed Only:
Citrus County Detention Facility
Citrus County, FL
Multi
Detention
Sep-30
(2) 5 year
Lecanto, Florida
Lake City Correctional Facility
State of Florida
Medium
Correctional
Jun-22
Indefinite
Lake City, Florida
Marion County Jail
Marion County, IN
1,030
Multi
Detention
Jan-22
-
Indianapolis, Indiana
Hardeman County Correctional
Facility
State of Tennessee
2,016
Medium
Correctional
Jun-24
-
Whiteville, Tennessee
South Central Correctional Center
State of Tennessee
1,676
Medium
Correctional
Jun-23
(1) 2 year
Clifton, Tennessee
Total design capacity for CoreCivic
Safety Facilities
69,407
Facility Name
Primary Customer
Design
Capacity
(A)
Security Level
Facility Type
(B)
Term
Remaining
Renewal Options
(C)
CoreCivic Community Facilities:
CAI Boston Avenue
State of California
-
Community
Jun-24
-
San Diego, California
Corrections
CAI Ocean View
BOP
-
Community
Aug-22
(4) 1 year
San Diego, California
Corrections
Adams Transitional Center
Adams County
-
Community
Jun-22
Indefinite
Denver, Colorado
Corrections
Arapahoe Community Treatment
Center
Arapahoe County
-
Community
Corrections
Jun-22
-
Englewood, Colorado
Centennial Community Transition
Center
Arapahoe County
-
Community
Corrections
Jun-22
-
Englewood, Colorado
Columbine Facility
Idled 2020
-
Community
-
-
Denver, Colorado
Corrections
Commerce Transitional Center
Adams County
-
Community
Jun-22
Indefinite
Commerce City, Colorado
Corrections
Dahlia Facility
Denver County
-
Community
Jun-23
-
Denver, Colorado
Corrections
Fox Facility and Training Center *
Denver County
-
Community
Jun-23
-
Denver, Colorado
Corrections
Longmont Community Treatment
Center
Boulder County
-
Community
Corrections
Jun-22
(2) 1 year and
Longmont, Colorado
(1) 6 month
Ulster Facility *
Idled 2021
-
Community
-
-
Denver, Colorado
Corrections
South Raleigh Reentry Center
BOP
-
Community
Sep-22
-
Raleigh, North Carolina
Corrections
Oklahoma City Transitional Center
Idled 2020
-
Community
-
-
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Corrections
Oklahoma Reentry Opportunity
Center
State of Oklahoma
-
Community
Jun-22
-
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Corrections
Facility Name
Primary Customer
Design
Capacity
(A)
Security Level
Facility Type
(B)
Term
Remaining
Renewal Options
(C)
Tulsa Transitional Center
Idled 2020
-
Community
-
-
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Corrections
Turley Residential Center
BOP
-
Community
Jun-23
(3) 1 year
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Corrections
Austin Residential Reentry Center
BOP
-
Community
Aug-22
(2) 1 year
Del Valle, Texas
Corrections
Austin Transitional Center
State of Texas
-
Community
Aug-23
(2) 2 year
Del Valle, Texas
Corrections
Corpus Christi Transitional Center
State of Texas
-
Community
Aug-23
(2) 2 year
Corpus Christi, Texas
Corrections
Dallas Transitional Center
State of Texas
-
Community
Aug-22
-
Hutchins, Texas
Corrections
El Paso Multi-Use Facility
State of Texas
-
Community
Aug-22
-
El Paso, Texas
Corrections
El Paso Transitional Center
State of Texas
-
Community
Aug-22
-
El Paso, Texas
Corrections
Fort Worth Transitional Center
State of Texas
-
Community
Aug-22
-
Fort Worth, Texas
Corrections
Ghent Residential Reentry Center
BOP
-
Community
Feb-22
-
Norfolk, Virginia
Corrections
James River Residential Reentry
Center
BOP
-
Community
Corrections
Feb-22
-
Newport News, Virginia
Cheyenne Transitional Center
State of Wyoming
-
Community
Jun-22
(1) 3 year
Cheyenne, Wyoming
Corrections
Total design capacity for CoreCivic
Community Facilities
5,049
*Held for Sale
(A)
Design capacity measures the number of beds, and accordingly, the number of offenders each facility is designed to accommodate. Facilities housing detainees on a short-term basis may exceed the original intended design capacity due to the lower level of services required by detainees in custody for a brief period. From time to time, we may evaluate the design capacity of our facilities based on the customers using the facilities, and the ability to reconfigure space with minimal capital outlays.
(B)
We manage numerous facilities that have more than a single function (i.e., housing both long-term sentenced adult prisoners and pre-trial detainees). The primary functional categories into which facility types are identified were determined by the relative size of offender populations in a particular facility on December 31, 2021. If, for example, a 1,000-bed facility cared for 900 adult offenders with sentences in excess of one year and 100 pre-trial detainees, the primary functional category to which it would be assigned would be that of correctional facilities and not detention facilities. It should be understood that the primary functional category to which multi-user facilities are assigned may change from time to time.
(C)
Remaining renewal options represents the number of renewal options, if applicable, and the term of each option renewal.
(D)
Pursuant to the terms of a contract awarded by the state of Arizona in September 2012, the state of Arizona has an option to purchase the Red Rock facility at any time during the term of the contract, including extension options, based on an amortization schedule starting with the fair market value and decreasing evenly to zero over the 20-year term of the contract.
(E)
These facilities are subject to purchase options held by the GDOC, which grants the GDOC the right to purchase the facility for the lesser of the facility's depreciated book value, as defined, or fair market value at any time during the term of the contract between the GDOC and us.
(F)
The facility is subject to a purchase option held by the Tallahatchie County Correctional Authority which grants Tallahatchie County Correctional Authority the right to purchase the facility at any time during the contract at a price generally equal to the cost of the premises less an allowance for amortization that originally occurred over a 20-year period. The amortization period was extended through 2050 in connection with an expansion completed during the fourth quarter of 2007.
(G)
The state of Montana has an option to purchase the facility generally at any time during the term of the contract with us at fair market value less the sum of a pre-determined portion of per-diem payments made to us by the state of Montana.
(H)
The state of Ohio has the irrevocable right to repurchase the facility before we may resell the facility to a third party, or if we become insolvent or are unable to meet our obligations under the management contract with the state of Ohio, at a price generally equal to the fair market value.
(I)
This facility is subject to a purchase option held by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections, or ODOC, which grants the ODOC the right to purchase the facility at its fair market value at any time during the term of the contract with the ODOC.
(J)
The state of Tennessee has the option to purchase the facility in the event of our bankruptcy, or upon an operational or financial breach under the management agreement, at a price equal to the book value, as determined under such agreement.
CoreCivic Properties
Through our CoreCivic Properties segment, we owned 10 properties for lease to third parties and used by government agencies. The following table includes certain information regarding each property.
Property Name
Primary Customer
Property
Type
(A)
Design
Capacity
Square
Footage
Lease
Expiration
Remaining
Renewal Options
(B)
California City Correctional
Center
State of California
C
2,560
522,000
Nov-24
Indefinite
California City, California
Long Beach Community
Corrections Center
The GEO Group, Inc.
CC
16,000
Jun-25
NA
Long Beach, California
Stockton Female Community
Corrections Facility
WestCare California, Inc.
CC
15,000
Oct-25
(1) 5 year
Stockton, California
Augusta Transitional Center
State of
CC
29,000
Jun-22
(1) 1 year
Augusta, Georgia
Georgia
Lansing Correctional Facility
State of Kansas
C
2,432
401,000
Jan-40
NA
Lansing, Kansas
Southeast Correctional
Complex (C)
Commonwealth of
C
127,000
Jun-30
(5) 2 year
Wheelwright, Kentucky
Kentucky
Northwest New Mexico Correctional
Center
State of New Mexico
C
188,000
Oct-24
(6) 3 year
Grants, New Mexico
North Fork Correctional Facility
State of Oklahoma
C
2,400
466,000
Jul-23
Indefinite
Sayre, Oklahoma
Roth Hall Residential Reentry
Center
City of Philadelphia,
CC
18,000
Feb-22
NA
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Walker Hall Residential Reentry
Center
City of Philadelphia,
CC
18,000
Feb-22
NA
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
1,800,000
(A)
C=Correctional; CC=Community Corrections.
(B)
Remaining renewal options represents the number of renewal options, if applicable, and the term of each option renewal.
(C)
The KYDOC has an option to purchase the facility at any time during the term of the lease with us at a price equal to the fair market value of the property.
Competitive Strengths
Through our three segments, CoreCivic Safety, CoreCivic Community, and CoreCivic Properties, we offer multiple solutions to unique challenges, allowing government organizations to address their various needs while customizing the solution based on their unique circumstances. Accordingly, we believe that we benefit from the following competitive strengths:
Largest Private Owner of Real Estate used by Government Agencies in the United States. As of December 31, 2021, we owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, approximately 15.1 million square feet of real estate, all used directly or indirectly by government agencies, which we believe makes us the largest private owner of real estate used by government agencies in the U.S. Our complementary set of business assets provide critical infrastructure and services under contracts with federal, state, and local government agencies that generally have credit ratings of single-A or better, which also contributes to our steady, predictable cash flows.
In our CoreCivic Safety segment, we own, or control via a long-term lease, 12.7 million square feet of real estate used to provide innovative, comprehensive, flexible, turn-key correctional and detention services to federal, state and local government agencies. As of December 31, 2021, our CoreCivic Safety segment operated 46 facilities, 41 of which we owned, with a total design capacity of 69,407 beds, making us the nation's largest private prison owner and one of the largest prison operators in the United States. Eight facilities in our Safety segment, containing 8,699 beds, are currently idle and available for growth opportunities. These beds include those at our 600-bed West Tennessee Detention Facility, which became idle on September 30, 2021, and our 1,033-bed Leavenworth Detention Center, which became idle on January 1, 2022, as previously discussed herein. Our CoreCivic Safety segment generated 85.5% of our total segment net operating income during 2021.
In our CoreCivic Community segment, we own, or control via a long-term lease, 0.6 million square feet of real estate representing, as of December 31, 2021, 26 residential reentry centers with a design capacity of 5,049 beds, making us the second largest community corrections owner and operator in the United States. Four of our residential reentry centers, containing 740 beds, were idle as of December 31, 2021. Our CoreCivic Community segment generated 3.3% of our total segment net operating income during 2021.
In our CoreCivic Properties segment, as of December 31, 2021, we owned 1.8 million square feet of real estate representing 10 properties that are for lease to third parties and used by government agencies. Our CoreCivic Properties segment generated 11.2% of our total segment net operating income during 2021.
We believe our synergistic set of business segments, combined with our operating strategies, corrections-industry commitment to rehabilitation, extensive government relationships, and deep real estate expertise, provide us with a diversified platform for stable cash flows and sustainable growth, with multiple paths for organic expansions and acquisitions.
First and Largest Private Prison Owner. Through our CoreCivic Safety segment, we are the nation's largest private prison owner and one of the largest prison operators in the United States, which provides us significant credibility with our current and prospective clients. We believe we own, or control via a long-term lease, approximately 56% of all privately owned prison beds in the United States and manage nearly 38% of all privately managed prison beds in the United States. We pioneered modern-day private prisons with a list of notable accomplishments, such as:
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the first company to design, build, and operate a private prison;
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the first company to manage a private maximum-security facility under a direct contract with the federal government;
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the first company to purchase a government-owned correctional facility from a government agency in the United States and to manage the facility for the government agency;
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the first company to lease a private prison to a state government; and
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the first company to develop a privately-owned, build-to-suit correctional facility to be operated by a government agency through a long-term lease agreement.
In addition to providing us with extensive experience and institutional knowledge, our size also helps us deliver value to our customers by providing purchasing power and allowing us to achieve certain economies of scale.
Available Beds within Our Existing Facilities. We currently have 8,459 beds at seven prison facilities that are vacant and immediately available to use, including those at our recently idled 600-bed West Tennessee Detention Facility and 1,033-bed Leavenworth Detention Center, as previously mentioned. We are actively engaged in marketing this available capacity as solutions to meet the needs of potential customers. Historically, we have been successful in substantially filling our inventory of available beds. For example, in the third quarter of 2020, we entered into a new contract under an inter-governmental service agreement, or IGSA, between the city of Cushing, Oklahoma and the USMS, to utilize our 1,600-bed Cimarron Correctional Facility in Oklahoma. We had previously announced our intention to idle the Cimarron facility during the third quarter of 2020, predominantly due to a lower number of inmate populations from the state of Oklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget. The new management contract commenced on September 15, 2020.
Available bed capacity can also be used for emergent needs. For example, during January 2020, we entered into an emergency ninety-day contract with the state of Mississippi to care for up to 375 inmates at our Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility, as the state of Mississippi was experiencing significant challenges in its correctional system. The State subsequently expanded the contract to 1,000 inmates during the second quarter of 2020, and extended the contract through April 2021, but no longer needed the capacity and transferred the inmates back to the State during the first quarter of 2021. This emergency contract exemplifies how critically important it is for state and federal partners to have access to our real estate assets and associated service offerings to meet their unexpected needs. Our Tallahatchie facility provided immediate capacity for the state of Mississippi to move a portion of its close-custody inmate population, which we believe quickly improved the safety and security of their correctional system.
Well-Established Community Corrections Platform. Through our CoreCivic Community segment, as of December 31, 2021, we had a network of 26 residential reentry centers containing a total of 5,049 beds. We offer housing and programs, with a key focus on employment, job readiness and life skills in order to help offenders successfully re-enter the community and reduce the risk of recidivism. We also provide non-residential correctional alternatives, including electronic monitoring and case management services, to municipal, county and state governments in multiple states. We expect to continue to pursue opportunities that expand the scope of non-residential correctional alternative solutions available to government agencies.
We are the second largest community corrections owner and operator in the United States. COVID-19 notwithstanding, we believe the demand for the housing and programs that community corrections facilities offer will grow as offenders are released from prison and due to an increased awareness of the important role these programs play in an offender's successful transition from prison to society, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic when the judicial system resumes normal operations. We expect to continue to pursue opportunities to provide these services to parolees, defendants, and offenders who are serving their full sentence, the last portion of their sentence, waiting to be sentenced, awaiting trial while supervised in a community environment, or as an alternative to incarceration. We believe we have the opportunity to maximize utilization of available beds within our community corrections portfolio that would further increase the number of individuals benefiting from the services we provide in such facilities. For example, in the first quarter of 2021, we activated a new contract with the BOP for residential reentry and home confinement services at our previously idled 289-bed Turley Residential Center and at our 494-bed Oklahoma Reentry Opportunity Center, both in Oklahoma. The new contract supplements the existing utilization by the state of Oklahoma at the Oklahoma Reentry Opportunity Center. Further, we are exploring potential opportunities to expand the scope of non-residential correctional alternative solutions we provide to government agencies. This process includes evaluating opportunities to provide certain services that were not available to us under the REIT structure.
Flexible Real Estate Solutions. Through our CoreCivic Properties segment, as of December 31, 2021, we owned 10 properties for lease to third parties and used by government agencies, totaling 1.8 million square feet. We have an extensive network of government relationships and the capability to manage and maintain complex properties, built over our nearly 40-year history. In addition, we offer our customers an attractive portfolio of correctional, detention, and reentry facilities that can be leased for various needs as an alternative to providing "turn-key" correctional, detention, and residential reentry bed space and services to our government partners. In September 2021, we announced that we had entered into a three-year lease agreement with the state of New Mexico at our 596-bed Northwest New Mexico Correctional Center. We previously operated the Northwest New Mexico facility in our Safety segment under a contract with the state of New Mexico. The new lease agreement commenced on November 1, 2021 and includes extension options that could extend the term of the lease through October 31, 2041. We will retain responsibility for facility maintenance throughout the term of the lease. The lease of this facility, along with the lease of our 656-bed Southeast Correctional Complex to the KYDOC originating in 2019, the lease of our 2,400-bed North Fork Correctional Facility to the ODOC originating in 2016, and the lease of our California City Correctional Center to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation originating in 2013, demonstrate our ability to react quickly to our partners' needs with innovative and flexible solutions that make the best use of taxpayer dollars. We previously operated these four correctional facilities for various state and federal partners. We intend to pursue additional opportunities to lease prison facilities to government and other third-party operators in need of correctional capacity.
In January 2018, we entered into a 20-year lease agreement with the Kansas Department of Corrections, or KDOC, for a 2,432-bed correctional facility to be constructed in Lansing, Kansas. This transaction represented the first development of a privately owned, build-to-suit correctional facility to be operated by a government agency through a long-term lease agreement. We commenced construction of the facility in the first quarter of 2018. In December 2019, the Lansing facility began accepting offenders into the 512-bed minimum security complex ahead of schedule, with the remaining 1,920-bed medium/maximum security complex completed in January 2020. The new facility replaced the Lansing Correctional Facility, Kansas' largest correctional complex for adult male inmates, originally constructed in 1863. We are responsible for facility maintenance throughout the 20-year term of the lease, at which time ownership will revert to the state of Kansas.
With the extensively aged criminal justice infrastructure in the U.S. today, we also believe we can provide our "turn-key" services to public correctional systems in need of replacement capacity, growing our business without an overall increase in incarcerated populations. In December 2021, we were awarded a new management contract from the state of Arizona for up to 2,706 inmates at our 3,060-bed La Palma Correctional Center in Arizona. The State will close an outdated public-sector prison and transfer the inmate populations to our La Palma facility. The transfer is expected to begin late in the first quarter or early in the second quarter of 2022, and is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2022. Before the new award, the La Palma facility supported the mission of ICE by caring for approximately 1,800 detainees. As the new contract with Arizona commences and state inmates are accepted at the facility, we are working closely with ICE to transfer their detainee populations to other facilities, including at facilities where we have available capacity within the region, again demonstrating the flexible capacity and services we can provide.
Attractive Real Estate Portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the properties we owned or controlled generated 97% of our facility net operating income. The weighted average age of our portfolio of facilities in our CoreCivic Safety, CoreCivic Community, and CoreCivic Properties segments is 22, 30, and 21 years, respectively. These valuable assets are located in areas with high barriers to entry, particularly due to the unique permitting and zoning requirements for these facilities. Further, the majority of our assets are constructed primarily of concrete and steel, generally requiring lower maintenance capital expenditures than other types of commercial properties.
We believe we are the largest developer of mission-critical, criminal justice center real estate projects over the past 15 years. We also believe we are the largest private owner of real estate used by government agencies in the U.S. We provide space and services under contracts with federal, state, and local government agencies that generally have credit ratings of single-A or better. In addition, a majority of our contracts have terms between one and five years, and we have experienced customer retention of approximately 95% at facilities we owned and operated during the previous five years, which contributes to our relatively predictable and stable revenue base. This stream of revenue combined with our low maintenance capital expenditure requirement translates into steady, predictable cash flow.
Development and Expansion Opportunities. Although disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, several of our existing federal and state partners, as well as prospective state partners, had been experiencing growth in offender populations and overcrowded conditions. Governments are now assessing their need for correctional space in light of COVID-19, and several are considering alternative correctional capacity for their aged or inefficient infrastructure, or are seeking cost savings by utilizing the private sector. Competing budget priorities, which will likely become more challenging because of COVID-19, often impede our customers' ability to construct new prison beds of their own or update their older facilities, which we believe could result in further need for private sector prison capacity solutions in the long-term. Over the long-term, we would like to see meaningful utilization of our available capacity and better visibility from our customers into their potential future needs before we develop new prison capacity on a speculative basis. We will, however, respond to customer demand and may develop or expand correctional and detention facilities when we believe potential long-term returns justify the capital deployment. With the extensively aged criminal justice infrastructure in the U.S. today, we also believe we can bring real estate solutions to government agencies like we did in connection with the construction of the Lansing Correctional Facility that was brought online in January 2020.
Increasing Financial Flexibility. Effective January 1, 2021, we revoked our election to be taxed as a REIT, and therefore, are subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at applicable tax rates, and are no longer entitled to a tax deduction for dividends paid. However, we believe this change in corporate tax structure will improve our overall credit profile and lower our overall cost of capital, as we are able to allocate our free cash flow toward the repayment of debt, which may include the purchase of our outstanding debt in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any such debt repurchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual requirements, applicable securities laws requirements, and other factors. Following our first priority of utilizing free cash flow to reduce debt, we expect to allocate a substantial portion of our free cash flow to returning capital to our shareholders, which could include share repurchases and future dividends. Any future dividend is subject to the BOD's determinations as to the amount of distributions and the timing thereof, as well as limitations under the Company's debt covenants. We were not able to implement a meaningful share repurchase program under the REIT structure without increasing our debt because a substantial portion of our free cash flow was required to satisfy the distribution requirements under the REIT structure. We will also pursue attractive growth opportunities, including new development opportunities in our Properties segment to meet the need to modernize outdated correctional infrastructure across the country, and explore potential opportunities to expand the scope of non-residential correctional alternatives we provide in our Community segment that were not available under the REIT structure. As a REIT, we depended on the capital markets to provide resources we could deploy toward acquisition and development opportunities. This capital was not always available to us and came at an increasing cost. The revocation of our REIT election provides us with significantly more liquidity and financial flexibility, which will enable us to reduce our reliance on the capital markets and reduce the size of our Bank Credit Facility in the future.
As of December 31, 2021, we had cash on hand of $299.6 million and $786.1 million available under our revolving credit facility, which has borrowing capacity under our Bank Credit Facility of up to $800.0 million, or our Revolving Credit Facility. Our total weighted average effective interest rate on all outstanding debt was 6.5%, while our total weighted average maturity on all outstanding debt was 5.1 years. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our fixed charge coverage ratio was 3.6x and our debt leverage ratio was 2.9x, down from a debt leverage ratio of 3.7x as of December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated $263.2 million in cash through operating activities.
Offer Compelling Value to Correctional Agencies. We believe our government partners seek a compelling value and service offering when selecting an outsourced correctional services provider. We believe we offer a cost-effective alternative to our government partners by reducing their correctional services costs, including the avoidance of long-term pension obligations and large capital investments in new bed capacity. We endeavor to improve operating performance and efficiency through the following key operating initiatives: (1) standardizing supply and service purchasing practices and usage; (2) implementing a standard approach to staffing and business practices; (3) improving offender management, resource consumption, and reporting procedures through the utilization of numerous technological initiatives; (4) reconfiguring facility bed space to optimize capacity utilization; and (5) improving productivity. Through ongoing company-wide initiatives, we continue to focus on efforts to improve operating efficiencies.
Since 2017, we have maintained a nationwide initiative to advocate for a range of government policies that will help former offenders successfully reenter society and stay out of prison. In 2020, we announced that we will publicly advocate at the federal and state levels for a slate of new policies that will help people succeed in their communities after being released from prison. Specifically, we pledged our support for Pell Grant Restoration, Voting Rights Restoration and Licensure Reform Policies. Also in 2020, we began a partnership with, and continue to invest in, Prison Fellowship, a leading advocate for criminal justice reform serving approximately 550,000 current and formerly incarcerated individuals and their family members each year. Through a network of programming and advocacy efforts, the organization seeks to effect positive change at every level of the criminal justice system. We have committed to a multi-year partnership in Prison Fellowship's Warden Exchange program, a residency and online professional development program that enables wardens to share reentry best practices and problem solve amongst a peer group. We believe that as successful as we may be with our work inside our facilities, offenders still face embedded societal barriers when they return to their communities. Through our strong commitment to community corrections and reentry programs, we offer our government partners additional long-term value. Our evidence-based reentry programs, including academic education, vocational training, substance abuse treatment, life skills training, and faith-based programming, are customizable based on partner needs and are applied utilizing best practices and/or industry standards. Our proprietary reentry process and cognitive/behavioral curriculum, "Go Further," promotes a comprehensive approach to addressing the barriers to a successful return to society. Through our efforts in community corrections and reentry programs, we can provide consistency and common standards across facilities. We can also serve multiple levels of government on an as-needed basis, all toward reaching the goal we share with our government partners of providing offenders with the opportunity to succeed when they are released, making our communities safer, and, ultimately, reducing recidivism.
We also offer a wide variety of specialized services that address the unique needs of various segments of the offender population. Because the offenders in the facilities we operate differ with respect to security levels, ages, genders, and cultures, we focus on the particular needs of an offender population and tailor our services based on local conditions and our ability to provide services on a cost-effective basis.
We believe our government partners and other agencies in the criminal justice sector also seek a compelling value and service offering when pursuing solutions to their unique real estate needs. We believe our track record of constructing quality assets on time and within budget, our design and construction methods, unique financing alternatives, and our expertise and experience enable us to provide a compelling value proposition for the construction of mission-critical government real estate assets. We also offer utility management services using environmentally-friendly, state-of-the-art technology and believe our robust preventive maintenance program included in our service offering significantly reduces the risk of real estate neglect.
Proven Senior Management Team. Our senior management team has applied their prior experience and diverse industry expertise to improve our operations, related financial results, and capital structure. Under our senior management team's leadership, we have successfully executed strategies to diversify our business and offer a broader range of solutions to government partners over the past several years resulting in the Company being renamed and rebranded as CoreCivic, created new business opportunities with customers that have not previously utilized the private corrections sector, completed several business combination transactions and corporate structure changes adapting to dynamic environments, and successfully completed numerous financing transactions.
ESG Accountability. In May 2021, we issued our third ESG report, which summarizes our impacts and aspirational goals across environmental, social, and governance topics. The report covers the year ended December 31, 2020, and details our commitment to reducing the national recidivism crisis through evidence-based practice in our reentry programs. In addition, the report covers progress in our human rights-related goals, including delivery of human rights training to more than 90% of continuing employees, delivery of human rights training to all members of our BOD and senior executives, incorporation of human rights elements in over 20 pre-service training courses, and inclusion of human rights topics in our enterprise-wide cultural survey. The report also updates our stakeholders on the implementation of a strategic energy management program, and highlights "green" design elements in new and existing facilities. Additionally, the report summarizes our management approach and activities in topics including diversity, equity and inclusion, or DEI; political activity and contributions; supplier diversity; charitable giving; PREA compliance; ethics; and workforce rights, compensation, benefits and training.
The ESG report was informed by the Global Reporting Initiative, or GRI, standards: Core option issued by the Global Sustainability Standards Board. GRI is an international independent standards organization created to help business, government and other organizations understand and communicate how their operations affect issues of global importance, such as human rights, corruption and climate change. In conducting the ESG materiality assessment contained in the report, we also considered the relevance and impact of our actions toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, or UN SDGs, which were established in 2015 as a blueprint for addressing global societal challenges with measures that promote good health and well-being, clean and affordable energy, decent work and economic growth, climate action, and peace and justice.
The ESG report may be accessed on our website under "Social Responsibility." The information included in the ESG report is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.
Human Capital
In order to fulfill our mission of providing high quality, compassionate treatment to all those in our care, we strive to attract, develop and retain a diverse workforce of individuals who are driven by a deep sense of service, high standards of professionalism and a responsibility to help government better the public good. The following information outlines the human capital strategies and initiatives designed to address the twin challenge of turnover and retention.
Demographics
Employees
Hiring
Total Employees
10,348
Total Hires
4,145
% Female
52%
% Female
51%
% People of Color or Under-
represented Minorities (URM)
57%
% People of Color or Under-
represented Minorities (URM)
56%
% Veterans
10%
% Veterans
10%
% Facility-level employees
95%
% Facility-level employees
98%
Leadership & Learning
We facilitate annual performance and career development discussions with all employees. These discussions consist of a continuous cycle of goal alignment, individual development planning, and performance and career reviews. In 2021, 99% of management and 99% of all other employees received annual performance and career development reviews. To ensure our employees are empowered with feedback and developmental opportunities, we have invested in technology designed to align performance, talent management and development processes. This technology alignment seeks to create an environment where employees are able to participate in performance and development discussions throughout the year.
Every year, we facilitate talent review discussions to help identify development opportunities within our leadership pipeline. Through these discussions, we continue to see opportunities for advancement within our existing workforce. Of the leaders identified for accelerated development, 43% were identified as "ready now" for advanced leadership responsibilities. Supervisors of the 57% of employees who are not "ready now" receive development resource guides with CoreCivic specific ideas for experience, exposure, and education opportunities that the supervisors can use in order to help those 57% of employees close the gap between their current performance and potential, and what is required for higher levels of responsibility and complexity.
We continued to expand the talent review process in 2021 to widen the leadership candidate pipeline, and focus more on development needs. With this new level of assessment came new opportunities for development programs like the CoreCivic Leadership Experiences and Rotations program, or CLEAR. CLEAR is a two-year rotational development program designed to provide the individuals identified during our talent management discussions an accelerated development opportunity to advance their careers through multiple short-term experiences. The breadth
of roles can vary across different career paths and are intended to develop the rising leader's readiness for targeted, more complex roles following successful completion of the program. We launched our first CLEAR group in 2021.
We recognize the importance of investing in our people. Our management approach to training and development is overseen by our Chief Human Resources Officer and Managing Director, Enterprise Learning and Development, and is implemented by leaders at our headquarters as well as a network of learning and development managers across our facilities. Our training activity and records are managed according to our learning and development policy, and our BOD receives periodic updates on the delivery of strategic training programs.
All CoreCivic employees are eligible to participate in various leadership and operational offerings. For example, through CoreCivic University, our employees can refine their current skills and learn new, valuable skills, as well. To date, over 4,075 employees have completed programs within CoreCivic University. For new and existing employees alike, we provide training that meets or exceeds ACA and government partner standards, including 200 hours of pre-service and on-the-job training for new employees as well as a minimum of 40 hours of annual in-service and specialty training for employees in our Safety and Community segments.
Culture & Employee Engagement
People are at the center of what we do. We believe that culture influences employee engagement. Therefore, we seek the perspectives of our employees through our bi-annual, full-census culture survey in order to enhance our culture and make the workplace more engaging. Across our organization, our leaders have developed more than 400 actions to enhance our culture and the engagement of our employees.
We know that bringing out the best in our people is the best way to recruit, retain, and develop our employees. We continually work to create a culture of respect where we value everyone's differences, appreciate individual contributions, and support people so they reach their highest potential.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
We are proud of our diverse workforce, and we recognize that employees come from many different backgrounds and that these differences are integral in how we view and experience the world. We believe that DEI improves safety and security, drives quality, increases employee engagement and provides greater accountability, all of which allow us to better serve our government partners' and employees' needs.
Our Vice President of Talent, Organizational Development, and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion leads our strategic approach to DEI. Our DEI policies prohibit harassment and promote proactive efforts on DEI. In accordance with federal contract requirements, we maintain affirmative action plans designed to recruit and advance underrepresented groups, including but not limited to, qualified minorities, women, persons with disabilities and covered veterans.
We believe there are opportunities to further advance underrepresented groups at CoreCivic. We have made significant investments and strides in the development of an executive-endorsed company roadmap for our DEI- intended outcomes, established goals, and communicated our plans to all leaders, employees, and the BOD. Additionally, we have taken steps toward achieving our stated DEI goals (Create a Common DEI Language, Create a Culture of Belongingness and Respect, and Create a Diverse Pipeline of Leadership Candidates) through the actions of our established DEI Advisory Council. This DEI Advisory Council includes a select team of CoreCivic employees representing our organization's diversity by gender, ethnicity, tenure and geography.
In collaboration with executive and senior leaders, we are encouraging the future advancement of underrepresented groups. We have set benchmarks to measure the outcomes of our DEI actions for continuous improvement. Additionally, over 95% of enterprise leaders have completed Conscious Inclusion Training, and Unconscious Bias training has been designed for deployment in 2022. We have established governance for our DEI strategy with accountability to the enterprise executives and BOD. We have also collaborated with the Advancement of Women in Nashville to lead a discussion on DEI two years in a row.
Hiring and Sustaining our Workforce
We are the largest employer in many of the areas where our facilities are located, and as such, we commit to support and grow the local communities through our hiring and outreach efforts. Our long-term tenure in many of the communities we serve has provided stable careers and career growth opportunities to workforces in many communities. We provide equal opportunity employment to all candidates and follow the United States Department of Labor Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs equal employment opportunity guidelines for hiring.
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In 2021, we invested $8.9 million in talent attraction efforts to reach prospective candidates.
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In 2021, we received over 51,000 job applications.
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CoreCivic has also been named a GI Jobs Military Friendly employer for eleven consecutive years. For 2022, CoreCivic is recognized as a Bronze award level Military Friendly employer, as well as a top ten Military Friendly Diversity supplier.
Compensation & Benefits
We utilize descriptive and prescriptive Human Resources analytics to align pay with compensation strategy. We leverage these analytics to act on changing labor market conditions to assist us with our efforts to maintain market competitive wages. In addition, we evaluate internal pay equity though the use of job evaluation and market analyses, adjusted for tenure, experience, location, performance and other variables that can affect wages. We have experienced labor shortages and wage pressures in many markets across the country, and have provided wage increases to remain competitive, including increases to most of our facility staff during the third quarters of 2021 and 2020.
We offer multiple medical and wellness benefit plans, dental, vision, and disability income insurance, flexible spending accounts, and life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance. In addition, we provide our employees with paid time off and paid holidays. We also provide retirement benefits to our employees through a 401(k) retirement plan. To be eligible for most benefit plans, employees must be in a full-time position. Certain exceptions apply, such as eligibility for the 401(k) retirement plan if the 401(k) retirement plan's service and hour requirements are met, and at locations where the McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act applies.
Safety
We are committed to bettering the public good by making our facilities and communities safe for our team members, those under our care, and the public. Our "Team Safety" program establishes our efforts to provide a safe environment and safe working conditions as reflected in our policies and procedures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented numerous measures to keep those individuals under our care, team members, and the public safe by following guidance from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, as well as local health standards. The residential nature of our business presents numerous challenges for front line employees, delivering critical services to our communities and partners. Some of the initiatives we provide to support these efforts include provisions of PPE, paid leave for COVID-19 related needs above and beyond our existing paid-leave benefits, specialized education and training, and advanced technology solutions.
Government Regulation
Business Regulations
The industry in which we operate is subject to extensive federal, state, and local regulations, including educational, health care, data privacy, transportation, telecommunications, and safety regulations, which are administered by many governmental and regulatory authorities. Some of the regulations are unique to the corrections industry, and some target private, for-profit entities by imposing location requirements, compliance requirements, elevated litigation risk and financial penalties only on private, for-profit correction and detention providers. Facility management contracts typically include specific staffing requirements, reporting requirements, supervision, and on-site monitoring by representatives of the contracting governmental agencies. Corrections and reentry personnel are customarily required to meet certain training standards and, in some instances, facility personnel are required to be licensed and subject to background investigation. Certain jurisdictions also require us to award subcontracts on a competitive basis or to subcontract with certain types of businesses, such as small businesses and businesses owned by members of minority groups. Our facilities are also subject to operational and financial audits by the governmental agencies with which we have contracts. Failure to comply with these regulations and contract requirements can result in material penalties or non-renewal or termination of facility management contracts which could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, or on our competitive position as a dependable government partner.
Environmental Matters
Under various federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under, or in such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. As an owner of real estate assets and as the result of our operation and management of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, we have been, and continue to be, subject to these laws, ordinances, and regulations. Phase I environmental assessments have been obtained on substantially all of the properties we currently own or are under an option to purchase. We are not aware of any environmental matters that are expected to materially affect our financial condition or results of operations; however, if such matters are detected in the future, the costs of complying with environmental laws could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, or on our competitive position as a dependable government partner.
Privacy and Security Requirements
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended, or HIPAA, and implementing regulations, require covered entities, which include health plans, most health care providers, and health clearinghouses, to protect the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information, known as “protected health information.” The regulations also provide for individual rights related to understanding and controlling how health information is used or disclosed. Certain provisions of the privacy and security regulations apply directly to entities that handle protected health information on behalf of covered entities, known as business associates. Covered entities may be subject to penalties as a result of a business associate violating HIPAA, if the business associate is found to be an agent of a covered entity.
Covered entities must notify affected individuals of breaches of unsecured protected health information without unreasonable delay, and such delay is not to exceed 60 days from discovery of the breach by the covered entity or its agents. They must also notify the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or DHHS, and, in certain situations involving large breaches, the media. All non-permitted uses or disclosures of unsecured protected health information are presumed to be breaches unless the covered entity or business associate establishes that there is a low probability the information has been compromised.
The DHHS may impose significant civil and criminal penalties for violations of the HIPAA regulations. The civil penalties are adjusted annually based on updates to the consumer price index. In addition, state attorneys general are authorized to bring civil actions for injunctions or damages in response to violations that threaten the privacy of state residents. The costs associated with compliance and defending against privacy and security related claims or enforcement actions may be substantial.
Additionally, we are subject to complex and evolving U.S. federal and state privacy laws and regulations, including those pertaining to the processing of personal data that may not be preempted by the HIPAA privacy and security standards, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which was recently significantly modified by the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA. Many of these privacy laws and regulations and related interpretations are subject to uncertain application, interpretation or enforcement standards that could result in claims against us, extensive changes to our business practices, systems and operational processes, including our data processing and security systems, penalties, increased operating costs or other impacts on our businesses. Many of the recently enacted laws often provide for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches and non-compliance with such laws that may increase data breach litigation and/or our susceptibility to fines or penalties from a regulator. Further, while we are using internal and external resources to monitor compliance with and to continue to modify our data processing practices and policies in order to comply with evolving privacy laws, relevant regulatory authorities could disagree with our interpretation of these laws and determine that our data processing practices fail to address all the requirements of certain new laws, which could subject us to penalties and/or litigation. In addition, there is no assurance that our security controls over personal data, the training of employees and vendors on data privacy and data security, and the policies, procedures and practices we implemented or may implement in the future will prevent the improper disclosure of personal data. Improper use or disclosure of personal data in violation of HIPAA, the CCPA, CPRA and/or of other personal data protection laws could harm our reputation, cause loss of consumer confidence, subject us to government enforcement actions (including fines), or result in private litigation against us, which could result in loss of revenue, increased costs, liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution, all of which could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, or on our competitive position as a dependable government partner.
Healthcare providers and certain other industry participants are also subject to a growing number of requirements intended to promote the interoperability and exchange of patient health information. Health care providers and certain other entities are subject to information blocking restrictions pursuant to the 21st Century Cures Act that prohibit practices that are likely to interfere with the access, exchange or use of electronic health information, except as required by law or specified by DHHS as a reasonable and necessary activity. Violations may result in penalties or other disincentives.
Insurance
We maintain general liability insurance for all the facilities we operate, as well as insurance in amounts we deem adequate to cover property and casualty risks, workers' compensation, and directors and officers liability. In addition, each of our leases with third parties provides that the lessee will maintain insurance on each leased property under the lessee's insurance policies providing for the following coverages: (i) fire, vandalism, and malicious mischief, extended coverage perils, and all physical loss perils; (ii) comprehensive general public liability (including personal injury and property damage); and (iii) workers' compensation. Under each of these leases, we have the right to periodically review our lessees' insurance coverage and provide input with respect thereto.
Each of our management contracts and the statutes of certain states require the maintenance of insurance with some states imposing insurance requirements specific to private corrections and detention providers as a requirement for continued operation. We maintain various insurance policies including employee health, workers' compensation, automobile liability, and general liability insurance. Because we are significantly self-insured for employee health, workers' compensation, automobile liability, and general liability insurance, the amount of our insurance expense is dependent on claims experience, and our ability to control our claims experience. Our insurance policies contain various deductibles and stop-loss amounts intended to limit our exposure for individually significant occurrences. However, the nature of our self-insurance policies provides little protection for deterioration in overall claims experience or an increase in medical costs. We are continually developing strategies to improve the management of our future loss claims but can provide no assurance that these strategies will be successful. However, unanticipated additional insurance expenses resulting from adverse claims experience or an increasing cost environment for general liability and other types of insurance could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows.
Competition
The correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities we own, operate, or manage, as well as those facilities we own but are managed by other operators, are subject to competition for offenders and residents from other private operators. We compete primarily on the basis of bed availability, cost, the quality and range of services offered, our experience in the design, construction, and management of correctional and detention facilities, and our reputation. We compete with government agencies that are responsible for correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and a number of companies, including, but not limited to, The GEO Group, Inc. and Management and Training Corporation. We also compete in some markets with small local companies that may have a better knowledge of the local conditions and may be better able to gain political and public acceptance. Other potential competitors may in the future enter into businesses competitive with us without a substantial capital investment or prior experience. We may also compete in the future for acquisitions and new development projects with companies that have more financial resources than we have or those willing to accept lower returns than we are willing to accept. Competition by other companies may adversely affect occupancy at our facilities, which could have an adverse impact on the operating revenue of our facilities. In addition, revenue derived from our facilities will be affected by a number of factors, including the demand for beds, general economic conditions, and the age of the general population.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS.
As the owner and operator of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, we are subject to certain risks and uncertainties associated with, among other things, the corrections and detention industry and pending or threatened litigation in which we are involved. In addition, we are also currently subject to risks associated with real estate ownership, our indebtedness, as well as our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for those years we elected REIT status. The risks and uncertainties set forth below could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements contained herein and elsewhere. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or those we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business operations. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Resistance to privatization of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, and negative publicity regarding inmate disturbances or perceived poor operational performance, could result in our inability to obtain new contracts, the loss of existing contracts, or other unforeseen consequences.
Privatization of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities has not achieved complete acceptance by either government agencies or the public at large. The operation of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities by private entities has encountered resistance from certain groups, such as labor unions, prison reform organizations, activists and others that believe that correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities should only be operated by governmental agencies. Any political platform or promise, governmental agency report, investigation or inquiry, public statement by any governmental agency, policy or legislative change, or other similar occurrence or action, that seeks to, or purports to, prohibit, eliminate, or otherwise restrict or limit in any way, the federal government’s (or any state or local government’s) ability to contract with private operators of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, could negatively impact our growth and our ability to renew or maintain existing contracts or to obtain new contracts and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or the market price of our common stock.
On January 26, 2021, President Biden issued the Private Prison EO. The Private Prison EO directs the Attorney General to not renew DOJ contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities. Two agencies of the DOJ, the BOP and the USMS, utilize our services. The BOP houses inmates who have been convicted, and the USMS is generally responsible for detainees who are awaiting trial. The BOP has experienced a steady decline in inmate populations over the last eight years, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We currently have one prison contract with the BOP at our 1,978-bed McRae Correctional Facility, accounting for 2% ($40.6 million) of our total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, which expires in November 2022. The Private Prison EO only applies to agencies that are part of the DOJ, which includes the BOP and USMS. ICE facilities are not covered by the Private Prison EO, as ICE is an agency of the Department of Homeland Security, not the DOJ, although it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, USMS and ICE accounted for 23% ($433.6 million) and 30% ($552.2 million), respectively, of our total revenue.
Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own detention capacity and relies on the private sector, along with various government agencies, for its detainee population. The USMS has been advised by the Office of the Deputy Attorney General not to renew existing contracts, or enter into new contracts for private detention facilities. During the second quarter of 2021, we had direct contracts with the USMS for up to 992 detainees at our 2016-bed Northeast Ohio Correctional Center and for up to approximately 96 detainees at our 664-bed Crossroads Correctional Center in Montana that expired and were not renewed. On May 28, 2021, we entered into a new three-year contract with Mahoning County, Ohio to utilize up to 990 beds at our Northeast Ohio Correctional Center. Mahoning County is responsible for County inmates and federal detainees, including USMS detainees, and the County is using the Northeast Ohio facility to address its population needs. During the third quarter of 2021, we entered into an amendment to the contract with the state of Montana to utilize all of the capacity at the Crossroads Correctional Center, including the space vacated by the USMS, and to extend the existing contract to June 30, 2023, with additional renewal options by mutual agreement through August 31, 2029. We had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 600-bed West Tennessee Detention Facility that expired on September 30, 2021 and was not renewed. In addition, we had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 1,033-bed Leavenworth Detention Center that expired on December 31, 2021 and was not renewed. We are actively marketing the West Tennessee and Leavenworth facilities to other government agencies, and in August 2021, we submitted a formal response to a government agency's request for proposal to utilize the West Tennessee facility. We are also currently in discussions with, and have submitted proposals to, other potential government partners to utilize the Leavenworth facility. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to reach agreements for the utilization of the West Tennessee or Leavenworth facilities.
We currently have six detention facilities that have separate contracts where the USMS is the primary customer within the facility that all expire at various times over the next several years, with the exception of two contracts that have indefinite terms. As of December 31, 2021, one of the aforementioned six contracts, a contract with a government agency at our 2,672-bed Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility in Mississippi that allows the USMS to utilize available capacity, expires in June 2022. Non-renewal of these contracts, or the expansion of the Private Prison EO to ICE, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations if we are unable to replace the cash flows with new management contracts like we did at our Northeast Ohio and Crossroads facilities.
In addition, negative publicity regarding offenders escaping, rioting or any other disturbances at our facilities or any public perception of poor operational performance at our facilities, contract non-compliance, or other conditions (including COVID-19 infections or other disease outbreaks at the facilities we own and manage) at a privately managed facility may result in adverse publicity to us and the private corrections industry in general and could negatively impact our growth and our ability to renew or maintain existing contracts or to obtain new contracts, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or the market price of our common stock.
We are subject to fluctuations in occupancy levels, and a decrease in occupancy levels could cause a decrease in revenues and profitability.
While a substantial portion of our cost structure is fixed, a substantial portion of our revenue is generated under facility ownership and management contracts that specify per diem payments based upon daily or minimum guaranteed occupancy levels. We are dependent upon the governmental agencies with which we have contracts to provide offenders for facilities we operate. We cannot control occupancy levels at the facilities we operate. We do not lobby or advocate for any policies that determine the basis for or duration of an individual's incarceration or detention. Under a per diem rate structure, a decrease in our occupancy rates could cause a decrease in revenue and profitability. For the years 2021, 2020, and 2019, the average compensated occupancy of our facilities, based on rated capacity, was 72%, 74%, and 82%, respectively, for all of the facilities we operated, exclusive of facilities that are leased to third-party operators where our revenue is generally not based on daily occupancy. Occupancy rates may, however, decrease below these levels in the future, including as a result of COVID-19. When combined with relatively fixed costs for operating each facility, a decrease in occupancy levels could have an adverse impact on our profitability.
We are dependent on government appropriations, and our results of operations may be negatively affected by governmental budgetary challenges or government shutdowns.
Our cash flow is subject to the receipt of sufficient funding of, and timely payment by, contracting governmental entities. If the appropriate governmental agency does not receive sufficient appropriations to cover its contractual obligations, it may terminate our contract or delay or reduce payment to us. While we have historically been required to continue to perform under our government contracts during government shutdowns, we are generally not paid until the government reopens. Any delays in payment, or the termination of a contract, could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and financial condition. In addition, federal, state and local governments are constantly under pressure to control additional spending or reduce current levels of spending. In prior years, these pressures have been compounded by economic downturns. Accordingly, we have been requested and may be requested in the future to reduce our existing per diem contract rates or forego prospective increases to those rates. Further, our government partners could reduce offender population levels in facilities we own or manage to contain their correctional costs. In addition, it may become more difficult to renew our existing contracts on favorable terms or otherwise.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and we expect will continue to have, certain negative effects on our business, and such effects may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
The public health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented measures taken by United States federal, state and local government authorities in an effort to contain and mitigate the spread of COVID-19, have had, and we expect will continue to have, certain negative effects on our business, including, without limitation, the following:
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The decision imposed by the federal government to deny entry at the United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the United States southern border without proper documentation or authority in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19 has resulted in a reduction in ICE populations, including in our detention facilities. Litigation challenging the policy of denying entry at the United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the border without proper documentation or authority continues. On August 13, 2021, a federal court ordered the Biden administration to reinstate the MPP enacted by the Trump administration, finding that terminating MPP would be illegal "until the Department of Homeland Security has the capacity and willingness to detain immigrants." On August 24, 2021, the Supreme Court refused to block implementation of that order. On October 29, 2021, Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro N. Mayorkas issued a memorandum asserting the termination of MPP, which was structured to be implemented if the decision reinstating MPP is vacated. The memorandum also provides that the Biden administration will continue to comply with the injunction requiring the reinstatement and enforcement of MPP until a final judicial decision, if any, to vacate such injunction is issued. In early December 2021, the Department of Homeland Security began the court-ordered re-implementation of the MPP, and on December 13, 2021, a federal appeals court rejected the Biden administration’s attempts to terminate MPP. On December 29, 2021, the Biden administration appealed
this decision to the Supreme Court. Separately, on September 16, 2021, a federal judge prohibited the Biden administration from expelling migrant families pursuant to Trump-era public health restrictions finding that public health law does not authorize the expulsion of migrants. On September 30, 2021, a federal appeals court issued a temporary stay on the prohibition on expelling migrant families pursuant to Trump-era public health restrictions. As a result, the Biden administration has been able to expel migrant families pursuant to public health concerns over the spread of COVID-19 while the litigation of such policy continues.
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Disruptions to the criminal justice system as a result of COVID-19 have contributed to a reduction in the number of USMS populations and state populations in our correctional and detention facilities, as the number of courts in session, arrests, and prosecutions have declined. Disruptions to the criminal justice system have also resulted in fewer referrals to both our residential reentry facilities and programs in our non-residential criminal justice services business. As long as COVID-19 related restrictions on individuals, businesses, and services, along with government policies on prosecutions, and newly ordered legal restrictions associated with COVID-19 that affect the number of people placed in correctional, detention, and reentry facilities, remain in effect, we expect the disruption in the criminal justice system to continue.
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We have had positive COVID-19 cases at our facilities. While we are taking measures to protect our employees and those entrusted to our care, which have included, but are not limited to, enhanced hygiene practices, the suspension or restriction of visitation policies (after consultation with our government partners), following guidance provided by the CDC for Correctional and Detention Facilities, following national and local health standards, and the separation of vulnerable inmate populations from the rest of the inmate population for their protection, these measures may not be sufficient to prevent or mitigate the spread of COVID-19 among our employees and those entrusted to our care and, as a result, we may face disruptions at our facilities. For example, an inability to fully staff our correctional, detention, and reentry facilities could result in negative consequences, including reduced residential populations, fines, other penalties, or contract cancellations.
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Certain government agencies have released, may be considering releasing, or may be experiencing pressure to release, certain inmates and detainees as a result of COVID-19. It is possible that government agencies, which may include our government partners, could release certain inmates and detainees from correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, which could reduce the utilization of our facilities and our services, and could occur as a result of legal decisions. In addition, our government partners could require us to transfer inmates or detainees to other facilities in the event of a COVID-19 outbreak at one of our facilities.
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We have experienced labor shortages and wage pressures in many markets across the country and our personnel costs and expenses at our facilities have increased as a result of COVID-19. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have, among other things, purchased PPE and supplies, increased compensation and provided additional benefits to staff at our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, and implemented enhanced hygiene practices at our facilities.
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Government agencies and referring boards have decided, and may continue to decide, to refer residents to home confinement or otherwise reduce the utilization of community facilities, such as our residential reentry facilities.
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We rely on third-party service providers and business partners, such as suppliers, distributors, contractors and other external businesses, for certain functions or for services in support of our operations. These third-party service providers are subject to risks and uncertainties related to COVID-19, (including those broader supply chain delays and disruptions currently impacting domestic and global distribution of products), which may interfere with their ability to fulfill their respective commitments and responsibilities to us in a timely manner and in accordance with the agreed-upon terms.
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Actions we have taken or may take, or decisions we have made or may make, as a consequence of COVID-19, may result in legal claims or litigation against us.
The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by federal, state and local government authorities and other third parties in response to COVID-19. Any of the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including those described above, alone or in combination with others, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Competition may adversely affect the profitability of our business.
We compete with government entities and other private operators on the basis of bed availability, cost, quality and range of services offered, experience in designing, constructing, and managing facilities, and reputation of management and personnel. While there are barriers to entering the market for the ownership and management of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, these barriers may not be sufficient to limit additional competition. In addition, our government customers may assume the management of a facility that they own and we currently manage for them upon the termination of the corresponding management contract or, if such customers have capacity at their facilities, may take offenders and residents currently cared for in our facilities and transfer them to government-run facilities. Since we are paid on a per diem basis with no minimum guaranteed occupancy under most of our contracts, the loss of such offenders and residents, and the resulting decrease in occupancy, would cause a decrease in our revenues and profitability.
We are subject to terminations, non-renewals, or competitive re-bids of our government contracts.
We typically enter into facility contracts with governmental entities for terms of up to five years, with additional renewal periods at the option of the contracting governmental agency. Notwithstanding any contractual renewal option of a contracting governmental agency, 30 of our facility contracts with the customers listed under "Business - Facility Portfolio" are currently scheduled to expire on or before December 31, 2022 but have renewal options (16), or are currently scheduled to expire on or before December 31, 2022 and have no renewal options (14). Although we generally expect these customers to exercise renewal options or negotiate new contracts with us, one or more of these contracts may not be renewed and we may not be able to negotiate a new contract on favorable terms or at all with the corresponding governmental agency. In addition, these and any other contracting agencies may determine not to exercise renewal options with respect to any of our contracts in the future. Our government partners can also re-bid contracts in a competitive procurement process upon termination or non-renewal of our contract. Competitive re-bids may result from the expiration of the term of a contract, including the initial term and any renewal periods, or the early termination of a contract. Competitive re-bids are often required by applicable federal or state procurement laws periodically in order to further competitive pricing and other terms for the government agency. The aggregate revenue earned during the year ended December 31, 2021 for the 30 contracts with scheduled maturity dates, notwithstanding contractual renewal options, on or before December 31, 2022 was $367.6 million, or 20% of total revenue.
Additionally, the Private Prison EO issued by President Biden on January 26, 2021, directs the Attorney General to not renew DOJ contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities. Two agencies of the DOJ, the BOP and the USMS, utilize our services. The BOP houses inmates who have been convicted, and the USMS is generally responsible for detainees who are awaiting trial. The BOP has experienced a steady decline in inmate populations over the last eight years, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We currently have one prison contract with the BOP at our 1,978-bed McRae Correctional Facility, accounting for 2% ($40.6 million) of our total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, which expires in November 2022. The Private Prison EO only applies to agencies that are part of the DOJ, which includes the BOP and USMS. ICE facilities are not covered by the Private Prison EO, as ICE is an agency of the Department of Homeland Security, not the DOJ, although it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, USMS and ICE accounted for 23% ($433.6 million) and 30% ($552.2 million), respectively, of our total revenue.
Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own detention capacity and relies on the private sector, along with various government agencies, for its detainee population. The USMS has been advised by the Office of the Deputy Attorney General not to renew existing contracts, or enter into new contracts for private detention facilities. We currently have six detention facilities that have separate contracts where the USMS is the primary customer within the facility that all expire at various times over the next several years, with the exception of two contracts that have indefinite terms. As of December 31, 2021, one of the aforementioned six contracts, a contract with a government agency at our 2,672-bed Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility in Mississippi that allows the USMS to utilize available capacity, expires in June 2022. Non-renewal of these contracts, or the expansion of the Private Prison EO to ICE, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations if we are unable to replace the cash flows with new management contracts like we did at our Northeast Ohio and Crossroads facilities, as previously described herein.
Our managed-only contract for the 1,030-bed Marion County Jail in Indianapolis, Indiana terminated and operations transitioned to Marion County effective January 31, 2022. Marion County constructed a replacement facility that became fully operational in January 2022. The County intends to redevelop the property where the Marion County Jail was located, and we received notice in the second quarter of 2021 that the County intended to terminate the contract effective December 31, 2021. The contract was subsequently amended and extended through January 31, 2022 to allow the County more time to prepare for the transition.
Governmental agencies typically may terminate a facility contract at any time without cause or use the possibility of termination to negotiate a lower per diem rate. In the event any of our contracts are terminated or are not renewed on favorable terms or otherwise, we may not be able to obtain additional replacement contracts. The non-renewal, termination, renegotiation or competitive re-bid of any of our contracts with governmental agencies could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity, including our ability to secure new facility contracts from others.
Based on information available as of the date of this Annual Report, other than the previously mentioned contract with the USMS at our Tallahatchie facility and the contract with the BOP at our McRae facility, for which future utilization by the USMS and the BOP, respectively, is uncertain, and at the managed-only Marion County Jail, we believe we will renew all other contracts with our government partners that have expired or are scheduled to expire within the next twelve months that could have a material adverse impact on our financial statements. We believe our renewal rate on existing contracts remains high due to a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, the constrained supply of available beds within the U.S. correctional system, our ownership of the majority of the beds we operate, and the cost effectiveness of the services we provide. However, we cannot assure we will continue to achieve such renewal rates in the future.
Our ability to secure new contracts to develop and manage correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities depends on many factors outside our control.
Our growth is generally dependent upon our ability to obtain new contracts to develop and manage correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities. This possible growth depends on a number of factors we cannot control, including crime rates and sentencing patterns in various jurisdictions, governmental budgetary constraints, governmental responses to COVID-19, and governmental and public acceptance of privatization. The demand for our facilities and services could be adversely affected by the relaxation of enforcement efforts, the expansion of alternatives to incarceration and detention, leniency in conviction or parole standards and sentencing practices through the decriminalization of certain activities that are currently proscribed by criminal laws, disruptions to the criminal justice system, including as a result of COVID-19, or as a result of COVID-19 related responses by governmental entities intended to address and/or mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including the decision to release persons entrusted to our care. For instance, any changes with respect to drugs and controlled substances or illegal immigration could affect the number of persons arrested, convicted, and sentenced, thereby potentially reducing demand for correctional or detention facilities to house them. Immigration reform laws are currently a focus for legislators and politicians at the federal, state, and local level. Legislation has also been proposed in numerous jurisdictions that could lower minimum sentences for some non-violent crimes and make more inmates eligible for early release based on good behavior. On December 21, 2018, President Trump signed legislation, known as The First Step Act, that reduces sentences for first-time offenders in possession of a gun when committing a crime, eliminates mandating life-time sentences for three-time offenders, provides judges more discretion in crafting sentences for some drug-related offenses, and allows offenders to seek a retroactive reduction in sentences affected
by the disparity in the sentences for crack and powder cocaine cases narrowed by the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010. (Although, under long-standing policy, CoreCivic does not draft, lobby for, promote, or in any way take a position on policies that determine the basis or duration of an individual's incarceration or detention, CoreCivic supported adoption of The First Step Act because the legislation aligns with our publicly stated commitment to advocate for a range of recidivism-reducing policies by providing additional resources to help ensure that incarcerated individuals are given the best possible chance to successfully return to their communities and stay out of prison.) Also, the expansion of alternatives to incarceration and detention, the utilization of which may increase in response to COVID-19, such as electronic monitoring, may reduce the number of offenders who would otherwise be incarcerated or detained. Similarly, reductions in crime rates, increases in resources dedicated to prevent crime, reduced funding for law enforcement, or strained law enforcement resources could lead to a reduction in arrests, which could lead to a decrease in convictions and sentences requiring incarceration at correctional facilities.
Moreover, certain jurisdictions recently have required successful bidders to make a significant capital investment in connection with the financing of a particular project, a trend that could significantly burden our capital resources to remain competitive. We may compete for such projects with companies that have more financial resources than we have. Further, we may not be able to obtain the capital resources when needed. A prolonged downturn in the financial capital markets or in our stock price could make it more difficult to obtain capital resources at favorable rates of return or obtain capital resources at all.
We may face community opposition to facility location, which may adversely affect our ability to obtain new contracts.
Our success in obtaining new awards and contracts sometimes depends, in part, upon our ability to locate land that can be leased or acquired, on economically favorable terms, by us or other entities working with us in conjunction with our proposal to construct and/or manage a facility. Some locations may be in or near populous areas and, therefore, may generate legal action or other forms of opposition from residents in areas surrounding a proposed site. When selecting project sites, we attempt to conduct business in communities where local leaders and residents generally support the establishment of a privatized correctional, detention, or residential reentry facility. Even if we identify sites where local leaders and residents generally support the establishment of a correctional or detention facility, whether to be publicly or privately operated, such endeavors may still face resistance by broader groups to facilities perceived as supporting over-incarceration. Therefore, future efforts to find suitable host communities may not be successful. We may incur substantial costs in evaluating the feasibility of the development of a correctional or detention facility. As a result, we may report significant charges if we decide to abandon efforts to develop a correctional or detention facility on a particular site. Further, in many cases, the site selection is made by the contracting governmental entity. In such cases, site selection may be made for reasons related to political and/or economic development interests and may lead to the selection of sites that have less favorable environments.
Providing family residential services increases certain unique risks and difficulties compared to operating our other facilities.
In September 2014, we signed an amended agreement to provide at the South Texas Family Residential Center safe and humane residential housing, as well as educational opportunities, to women and children (but no unaccompanied children) under the custody of ICE, who are awaiting their due process before immigration courts. In October 2016, we entered into an amended agreement that extended the term of the 2014 agreement through September 2021. The term of the amended agreement was further extended in September 2020, from September 2021 to September 2026. ICE has modified the mission at this facility in the past, for example, to authorize two parent family units. During the fourth quarter of 2021, ICE suspended the placement of children at this facility, but continues to use the facility under the Family Residential Standards for people claiming asylum. Depending on the demands at the southern border, ICE could again in the future place children at this facility for residential services. Providing family residential services, particularly to children, subjects us to unique risks such as unanticipated increased costs and litigation that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. For example, the contract mandates resident-to-staff ratios that are higher than our typical contract, requires services unique to this contract (e.g. child care and primary education services), and limits the use of security protocols and techniques typically utilized in correctional and detention settings. These operational risks and others, including risks relating to COVID-19, associated with privately managing this type of residential facility could result in higher costs associated with staffing and lead to increased litigation.
Numerous lawsuits, to which we are not a party, have challenged the government's policy of detaining migrant families, and government policies with respect to family immigration may impact the demand for the South Texas Family Residential Center. Any court decision or government action that impacts our existing contract for the South Texas Family Residential Center could materially affect our cash flows, financial condition, and results of operations. During 2021, 2020, and 2019, revenues at this facility were $159.9 million, $168.0 million, and $171.1 million, respectively.
We may incur significant start-up and operating costs on new contracts before receiving related revenues, which may impact our cash flows and not be recouped.
When we are awarded a contract to provide or manage a facility, we may incur significant start-up and operating expenses, including the cost of constructing the facility, purchasing equipment and staffing the facility, before we receive any payments under the contract. We may also experience a disruption in cash flows when transitioning from one contract to another. For example, during 2022, as a result of a new contract award from the state of Arizona for up to 2,706 inmates, we expect to transition the population at our 3,060-bed La Palma Correctional Center from ICE detainees to inmates from the state of Arizona, which will result in the disruption of earnings and cash flows until the occupancy of inmates from the state of Arizona reaches stabilization. Disruptions like these could result in a significant reduction in our cash reserves and may make it more difficult for us to meet other cash obligations. In addition, a contract may be terminated prior to its scheduled expiration, and as a result, we may not recover these expenditures or realize any return on our investment.
Government agencies may investigate and audit our contracts and operational performance, and if any deficiencies or improprieties are found, we may be required to cure those deficiencies or improprieties, refund revenues we have received, or forego anticipated revenues, and we may be subject to penalties and sanctions, including contract termination and prohibitions on our bidding in response to Requests for Proposals.
Governmental agencies with which we contract have the authority to audit and investigate our contracts with them. As part of that process, government agencies may review our performance of the contract, our pricing practices, our cost structure and our compliance with applicable performance requirements, laws, regulations and standards, including those related to COVID-19. The regulatory and contractual environment in which we operate is complex and many aspects of our operations remain subject to manual processes and oversight that make compliance monitoring difficult and resource intensive. A governmental agency audit, review or investigation could result in a request to cure a performance or compliance issue, and if we are unable to, or otherwise fail to do so, the failure could lead to the imposition of monetary penalties or revenue deductions, or the termination of the contract in question and/or other contracts that we have with that governmental agency. Similarly, for contracts that actually or effectively provide for certain reimbursement of expenses, if an agency determines that we have improperly
allocated costs to a specific contract, we may not be reimbursed for those expenses, and we could be required to refund the amount of any such expenses that have been reimbursed. If a government audit asserts improper or illegal activities by us, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeitures of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspension or disqualification from doing business with certain government entities. In addition to the potential civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, any adverse determination with respect to contractual or regulatory violations could negatively impact our ability to bid in response to Requests for Proposals, or RFPs, in one or more jurisdictions.
Failure to comply with facility contracts or with unique and increased governmental regulation could result in material penalties or non-renewal or termination of noncompliant contracts or our other contracts to provide or manage correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities.
The industry in which we operate is subject to extensive federal, state, and local regulations, including educational, environmental, health care, data privacy, transportation, telecommunications, and safety regulations, which are administered by many regulatory authorities. Some of the regulations are unique to the corrections industry, some target private, for-profit entities by imposing location requirements, compliance requirements, elevated litigation risk and financial penalties only on private, for-profit correction and detention providers, some are unique to government contractors, and the combination of regulations we face is unique and complex. Facility management contracts typically include reporting requirements, supervision, and on-site monitoring by representatives of the contracting governmental agencies. Corrections and reentry personnel are customarily required to meet certain training standards and, in some instances, facility personnel are required to be licensed and subject to background investigation. Certain jurisdictions also require us to award subcontracts on a competitive basis or to subcontract with certain types of businesses, such as small businesses and businesses owned by members of minority groups. Our facilities are also subject to operational and financial audits by the governmental agencies with which we have contracts. Federal regulations also require federal government contractors like us to self-report evidence of certain forms of misconduct. We may not always successfully comply with these regulations and contract requirements, and failure to comply can result in material penalties, including financial penalties, non-renewal or termination of noncompliant contracts and/or our other facility contracts, exclusion from new contract procurement or RFP bidding, and suspension or debarment from contracting with certain government entities.
In addition, private prison managers are subject to government legislation and regulation attempting to restrict the ability of private prison managers to house certain types of inmates, such as inmates from other jurisdictions or inmates at medium or higher security levels. Legislation has been enacted in several states, and has previously been proposed in the United States Congress, containing such restrictions. Such legislation, if enacted, could have an adverse effect on us.
There also has been increasing focus by U.S. and foreign government authorities on environmental matters, such as climate change, the reduction of greenhouse gases and water consumption. New or revised laws and regulations or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, such as those related to climate change, could affect the operation of our properties or result in significant additional expense and restrictions on our business operations.
Our inmate transportation subsidiary, TransCor, is subject to regulations promulgated by the Departments of Transportation and Justice. TransCor must also comply with the Interstate Transportation of Dangerous Criminals Act of 2000, which covers operational aspects of transporting prisoners, including, but not limited to, background checks and drug testing of employees; employee training; employee hours; staff-to-inmate ratios; prisoner restraints; communication with local law enforcement; and standards to help ensure the safety of prisoners during transport. Any changes in such regulations could result in an increase in the cost of our transportation operations.
From time to time, we enter into agreements with telecommunications providers to provide telephone services to residents in our facilities. Although we are not a telecommunications provider, these services are subject to regulations which may change from time to time. We are subject to the direct and indirect effects of these regulations. Non-compliance with these regulations, either by us or by our telecommunications providers, subjects us to risks which could result in increases to our costs or decreases in our revenue. The impact to our revenue is limited because a significant amount of commissions paid by our telecommunications providers is passed along to our customers or is reserved and must be used for the benefit of offenders in our care.
We depend on a limited number of governmental customers for a significant portion of our revenues.
We currently derive, and expect to continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of governmental agencies. The three primary federal governmental agencies with correctional and detention responsibilities, ICE, the USMS, and the BOP accounted for 56% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 ($1,050.5 million). For the year ended December 31, 2021, ICE, USMS, and the BOP accounted for 30% ($552.2 million), 23% ($433.6 million), and 3% ($64.7 million), respectively, of our total revenue. Although the revenue generated from each of these agencies is derived from numerous management contracts and various types of properties, i.e. correctional, detention, and reentry, the loss or substantial reduction in value of one or more of such contracts could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. We expect to continue to depend upon these federal agencies and a relatively small group of other governmental customers for a significant percentage of our revenues.
Additionally, the Private Prison EO issued by President Biden on January 26, 2021, directs the Attorney General to not renew DOJ contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities. Two agencies of the DOJ, the BOP and the USMS, utilize our services. The BOP houses inmates who have been convicted, and the USMS is generally responsible for detainees who are awaiting trial. The BOP has experienced a steady decline in inmate populations over the last eight years, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We currently have one prison contract with the BOP at our 1,978-bed McRae Correctional Facility, accounting for 2% ($40.6 million) of our total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, which expires in November 2022. The Private Prison EO only applies to agencies that are part of the DOJ, which includes the BOP and USMS. ICE facilities are not covered by the Private Prison EO, as ICE is an agency of the Department of Homeland Security, not the DOJ, although it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, USMS and ICE accounted for 23% ($433.6 million) and 30% ($552.2 million), respectively, of our total revenue.
Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own detention capacity and relies on the private sector, along with various government agencies, for its detainee population. The USMS has been advised by the Office of the Deputy Attorney General not to renew existing contracts, or enter into new contracts for private detention facilities. We currently have six detention facilities that have separate contracts where the USMS is the primary customer within the facility that all expire at various times over the next several years, with the exception of two contracts that have indefinite terms. As of December 31, 2021, one of the aforementioned six contracts, a contract with a government agency at our 2,672-bed Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility in Mississippi that allows the USMS to utilize available capacity, expires in June 2022. Non-renewal of these contracts, or the expansion of the Private Prison EO to ICE, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations if we are unable to replace the cash flows with new management contracts like we did at our Northeast Ohio and Crossroads facilities, as previously described herein.
As previously mentioned herein, revenue from our South Texas Family Residential Center was $159.9 million in 2021, $168.0 million in 2020, and $171.1 million in 2019. The loss or reduction in value of this contract, whether due to change in mission, legal challenges, or change in government policy, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
As a result of our acquisitions, we have recorded and will continue to record goodwill and other intangible assets. In the future, our goodwill or other intangible assets may become impaired, which could result in non-cash charges to our results of operations.
We have goodwill and other intangible assets resulting from business acquisitions, and we could record additional goodwill and other intangible assets if we consummate additional business acquisitions in the future. We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill annually, and whenever circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired, as defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We will continue to evaluate the goodwill for impairment by performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Estimated fair values could change if there are changes in assumptions related to our capital structure and cost of debt and equity and operating cash flows, as well as considerations related to our equity valuation. Impairments of goodwill or other intangible assets could require non-cash charges to our results of operations.
We are dependent upon our senior management and our ability to attract and retain sufficient qualified personnel.
The success of our business depends in large part on the ability and experience of our senior management. The unexpected loss of any of these persons could materially adversely affect our business and operations.
In addition, the services we provide are labor-intensive. The success of our business, and our ability to satisfy the staffing and operational performance requirements of our contracts, require that we attract, hire, develop and retain sufficient qualified personnel. When we are awarded a facility management contract or open a new facility, we must hire operating management, correctional officers, and other personnel. Our inability to hire sufficient qualified personnel on a timely basis, or experiencing excessive turnover or the loss of significant personnel at existing facilities, could adversely affect our business and operations. Many of our contracts include specific staffing requirements, and our failure to satisfy such requirements may result in the imposition of financial penalties or loss of contract. Staffing challenges have recently been exacerbated by labor shortages in the marketplace.
Furthermore, as a federal government contractor, part of our workforce is covered by the vaccine mandate imposed by Executive Order on September 9, 2021; however, a federal judge issued an injunction halting this vaccine mandate on January 21, 2022. Litigation continues, and the future status of this vaccine mandate is unresolved. Additionally, certain of our other governmental partners have implemented or are subject to certain COVID-19 related vaccine or testing directives, which are also applicable to us and our workforce. Our compliance with these requirements, as well as our compliance with any applicable vaccine or testing mandates that may be adopted in the future, may disrupt our workforce and operations and impose additional compliance and other costs. The requirements could also result in attrition, including attrition of qualified personnel, and difficulty securing future labor needs, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We are subject to various types of litigation.
Legal proceedings related to, and adverse developments in our relationship with, our employees could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We and our subsidiaries are party to a variety of claims and legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to claims and legal proceedings related to employment matters. Because the resolution of claims and legal proceedings is inherently uncertain, there can be no assurance we will be successful in defending against such claims or legal proceedings, or that management's assessment of the materiality of these matters, including the reserves taken in connection therewith, will be consistent with the ultimate outcome of such claims or legal proceedings. In the event management's assessment of materiality of current claims and legal proceedings proves inaccurate or litigation that is material arises in the future, the resolution of such matters may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
As of December 31, 2021, we employed 10,350 full- and part-time employees. Approximately 1,110 of our employees at six of our facilities, or approximately 10.7% of our workforce, are represented by labor unions. We have not experienced a strike or work stoppage at any of our facilities and, in the opinion of management, overall employee relations are good. New executive orders, administrative rules and changes in National Labor Relations could increase organizing activity at locations where employees are currently not represented by a labor organization. Increases in organizational activity or any future work stoppages could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We are subject to legal proceedings associated with owning and managing correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities. Our ownership and management of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, and the provision of inmate transportation services by a subsidiary, expose us to potential third-party claims or litigation by prisoners or other persons relating to personal injury, illness, or other damages resulting from contact with a facility, its managers, personnel or other prisoners, including damages arising from a prisoner's escape from, or a disturbance or riot at, a facility we own or manage, or from the misconduct of our employees. To the extent the events serving as a basis for any potential claims are alleged or determined to constitute illegal or criminal activity, we could also be subject to criminal liability. Such liability could result in significant monetary fines and could affect our ability to bid on future contracts and retain our existing contracts. In addition, as an owner of real property, we may be subject to a variety of proceedings relating to personal injuries of persons at such facilities. The claims against our facilities may be significant and may not be covered by insurance. Even in cases covered by insurance, our deductible (or self-insured retention) may be significant.
We are subject to necessary insurance costs.
Workers' compensation, auto liability, employee health, and general liability insurance represent significant costs to us. Because we are significantly self-insured for workers' compensation, auto liability, employee health, and general liability risks, the amount of our insurance expense is dependent on claims experience, our ability to control our claims experience, and in the case of workers' compensation and employee health, rising health care costs in general. Unanticipated additional insurance costs could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows, and the failure to obtain or maintain any necessary insurance coverage could have an adverse impact on us.
We may be adversely affected by inflation.
Many of our facility contracts provide for fixed fees or fees that increase by only small amounts during their terms. If, due to inflation or other causes, our operating expenses, such as wages and salaries of our employees, insurance, medical, and food costs, increase at rates faster than increases, if any, in our revenues, then our profitability would be adversely affected. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Inflation."
Technological changes or negative changes in the level of acceptance of, or resistance to, the use of electronic monitoring products could cause our electronic monitoring products and other technology to become obsolete or require the redesign of our electronic monitoring products, which could have an adverse effect on our business.
Technological changes within our electronic monitoring business may require us to expend resources in an effort to acquire, maintain and/or utilize new electronic monitoring products and technology. We may not be able to anticipate or respond to technological changes in a timely manner, and our response may not result in successful electronic monitoring product offerings. If we are unable to anticipate or timely respond to technological changes, our business could be adversely affected. Further, our business could be adversely affected if the level of acceptance of or resistance to the use of electronic monitoring products and services by governmental customers were to change over time in a negative manner so that governmental customers decide to decrease their usage levels and contracting for electronic monitoring products and services.
We depend on a limited number of third parties to manufacture and supply our electronic monitoring products. If our suppliers cannot provide the products or services we require in a timely manner and with such quality as we expect, our ability to market and sell our electronic monitoring products and services could be harmed.
If our suppliers fail to supply, in a timely manner, electronic monitoring products that meet our quantity, quality, cost requirements, or technical specifications, we may not be able to access alternative sources of these products within a reasonable period of time or at commercially reasonable rates. A reduction or interruption in the supply of such products, or a significant increase in the price of such products, (including as a result of the supply chain delays and disruptions currently impacting domestic and global distribution of products as a result of COVID-19), could have an adverse impact on our marketing and sales initiatives, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, contracts with such suppliers may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We may be subject to costly product liability claims from the use of our electronic monitoring products, which could damage our reputation, impair the marketability of our products and services and force us to pay costs and damages that may not be covered by adequate insurance.
The operation of our electronic monitoring products and services entails a risk of product liability. We could be subject to product liability claims to the extent these electronic monitoring products fail to perform as intended. Even unsuccessful claims against us could result in the expenditure of funds in litigation, the diversion of management time and resources, damage to our reputation and impairment of the marketability of our electronic monitoring products and services. While we maintain liability insurance, it is possible that a successful claim could be made against us, that the amount of our insurance coverage would not be adequate to cover the costs of defending against or paying such a claim, and that damages payable by us would harm our business.
We are subject to risks associated with ownership of real estate.
Our ownership of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and other government-leased assets subjects us to risks typically associated with investments in real estate. Investments in real estate and, in particular, correctional and detention facilities have limited or no alternative use and thus are relatively illiquid. Therefore, our ability to divest ourselves of one or more of our facilities promptly in response to changing conditions is limited. Investments in real estate properties subject us to risks involving potential exposure to environmental liability and uninsured loss. Our operating costs may be affected by the obligation to pay for the cost of complying with existing environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, as well as the cost of complying with future legislation. In addition, although we maintain insurance for many types of losses, there are certain types of losses, such as losses from earthquakes and acts of terrorism, which may be either uninsurable or for which it may not be economically feasible to obtain insurance coverage in light of the substantial costs associated with such insurance. As a result, we could lose both our capital invested in, and anticipated profits from, one or more of the properties we own. Further, it is possible to experience losses that may exceed the limits of insurance coverage.
The primary risk we face for asset impairment charges is associated with real estate that we own. As of December 31, 2021, we had $2.3 billion in property and equipment, including $163.4 million in long-lived assets at eight idled CoreCivic Safety facilities and four idled CoreCivic Community facilities. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to secure agreements to utilize our idle properties, or that we will not incur impairment charges in the future.
Certain of our facilities are subject to options to purchase and reversions. Ten of our facilities are subject to an option to purchase by certain governmental agencies. Such options are exercisable by the corresponding contracting governmental entity generally at any time during the term of the respective facility contract. Certain of these purchase options are based on the depreciated book value of the facility, which essentially could result in the transfer of ownership of the facility to the governmental agency at the end of the life used for accounting purposes, while other options to purchase are exercisable at prices below fair market value. See "Business - Facility Portfolio." If any of these options are exercised, there exists the risk that we will be unable to invest the proceeds from the sale of the facility in one or more properties that yield as much cash flow as the property acquired by the government entity. In addition, in the event any of these options is exercised, there exists the risk that the contracting governmental agency will terminate the management contract associated with such facility. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the ten facilities currently subject to these options generated $318.4 million in revenue (17.1% of total revenue) and incurred $242.2 million in operating expenses.
Risks related to facility construction and development activities may increase our costs related to such activities. When we are engaged to perform construction and design services for a facility, we typically act as the primary contractor and subcontract with other companies that act as the general contractors. As primary contractor, we are subject to the various risks associated with construction (including, without limitation, shortages of labor and materials, work stoppages, labor disputes, and weather interference which could cause construction delays). In addition, we are subject to the risk that the general contractor will be unable to complete construction at the budgeted costs or be unable to fund any excess construction costs, even though we require general contractors to post construction bonds and insurance. Under such contracts, we are ultimately liable for all late delivery penalties and cost overruns.
We may be adversely affected by an increase in costs or difficulty of obtaining adequate levels of surety credit on favorable terms.
We are often required to post bid or performance bonds issued by a surety company as a condition to bidding on or being awarded a contract. Availability and pricing of these surety commitments are subject to general market and industry conditions, among other factors. Increases in surety costs could adversely affect our operating results if we are unable to effectively pass along such increases to our customers. We cannot assure you that we will have continued access to surety credit or that we will be able to secure bonds economically, without additional collateral, or at the levels required for any potential facility development or contract bids. If we are unable to obtain adequate levels of surety credit on favorable terms, we would have to rely upon letters of credit under our Revolving Credit Facility, which could entail higher costs if such borrowing capacity was even available when desired, and our ability to bid for or obtain new contracts could be impaired.
Interruption, delay or failure of the provision of our technology services or information systems, or the compromise of the security thereof, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Components of our business depend significantly on effective information systems and technologies, some of which are provided and/or maintained by third parties. As with all companies that utilize information systems, we are vulnerable to negative impacts to our business if the operation of those systems malfunctions or experiences errors, interruptions or delays, or certain information contained therein is compromised. As a matter of course, we may store or process the personal information of offenders, employees and other persons as required to provide our services and such personal information or other data may be hosted or exchanged with our government partners and other third-party providers. While we employ industry standard administrative, technical and physical safeguards designed to protect the integrity and security of personal data we collect or process, despite the security measures we have in place, and any additional measures we may implement in the future, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers, could be vulnerable to security breaches, computer viruses, lost or misplaced data, programming errors, human errors, acts of vandalism, or other events. For example, several well-known companies have recently disclosed high-profile security breaches involving sophisticated and highly targeted attacks on their company's infrastructure or their customers' data, which were not recognized or detected until after such companies had been affected notwithstanding the preventive measures they had in place. Any security breach or event resulting in the interruption, delay or failure of our services or information systems, or the misappropriation, loss, or other unauthorized disclosure of personal data or confidential information, including confidential information about our employees, whether by us directly or our third-party service providers, could damage our reputation, expose us to the risks of litigation and liability, result in significant monetary penalties and/or regulatory actions for violation of applicable laws or regulations, disrupt our business and result in significant costs for remedial measures to prevent future occurrences and mitigate past violations, result in lost business, or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations. Although we maintain insurance covering certain security and privacy damages and claim expenses, we may not carry insurance or maintain coverage sufficient to compensate for all liability and in any event, insurance coverage would not address the reputational damage that could result from a security incident.
We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility.
The growing integration of ESG factors in making investment decisions is relatively new, and frameworks and methods used by investors for assessing ESG policies are not fully developed and vary considerably among the investment community. During 2021, we issued our third ESG report to detail how we attempt to deliver on our service commitment to our government partners and manage our operations responsibly and ethically. These policies and practices, whether it be the standards we set for ourselves or ESG criteria established by third parties, and whether or not we meet such standards, may influence our reputation. For example, the perception held by the general public, our governmental partners, vendors, suppliers, other stakeholders, or the communities in which we do business may depend, in part, on the standards we have chosen to aspire to meet, whether or not we meet these standards on a timely basis or at all, and whether or not we meet external ESG factors they deem relevant. Nonetheless, the subjective nature and wide variety of methods and processes used by various stakeholders, including investors, to assess a company with respect to ESG criteria can result in the perception of negative ESG factors or a misrepresentation of our ESG policies and practices. Our failure to achieve progress on our ESG policies and practices on a timely basis, or at all, or to meet ESG criteria set by third parties, could adversely affect our business, financial performance, or growth.
By electing to set and publicly share these ESG standards, our business may also face increased scrutiny related to ESG activities. As a result, our reputation could be harmed if we fail to act responsibly in the areas in which we report, such as safety and security, human rights, diversity, quality assurance and facility oversight, community development, and environmental sustainability. Any harm to our reputation resulting from setting these standards or our failure or perceived failure to meet such standards could impact: employee retention; the willingness of our governmental partners, vendors and suppliers to do business with us; investors willingness or ability to purchase or hold our securities; or our ability to access capital, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial performance, and growth. Our ESG report is not a part of this Annual Report.
As an owner and operator of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, we are subject to risks relating to acts of God, outbreaks of epidemic or pandemic disease, global climate change, terrorist activity and war.
We may encounter staffing constraints as well as costs and expenses associated with owning and/or operating our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities as a result of acts of God, outbreaks of epidemic or pandemic disease (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), global climate change (including the potential for increased inclement weather and natural disasters), war (including the potential for war), terrorist activity (including threats of terrorist activity), political unrest, geopolitical uncertainty and other forms of civil strife, in or around locations where we own and/or operate significant properties. These events could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or the market price of our common stock.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our debt securities.
We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2021, we had total indebtedness of $1,551.9 million. Our indebtedness could have important consequences. For example, it could:
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make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness;
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increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
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require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, dividends, and other general corporate purposes;
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limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
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restrict us from pursuing strategic acquisitions or certain other business opportunities;
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place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and
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limit our ability to borrow additional funds or refinance existing indebtedness on favorable terms, or at all.
If we are unable to meet our debt service obligations, we may need to reduce capital expenditures, restructure or refinance our indebtedness, obtain additional equity financing or sell assets. We may be unable to restructure or refinance our indebtedness, obtain additional equity financing or sell assets on satisfactory terms or at all.
Our Credit Agreements, indentures related to our senior notes, and other debt instruments have restrictive covenants that could limit our financial flexibility.
The indentures related to our 4.625% senior notes due 2023, 8.25% senior notes due 2026, and 4.75% senior notes due 2027, collectively referred to herein as our senior notes, the term loan under our Bank Credit Facility, or Term Loan A, the Revolving Credit Facility, and the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Term Loan B, or our Term Loan B, and, together with the Bank Credit Facility, our Credit Agreements, contain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Our Bank Credit Facility requires us to comply with certain financial covenants, including leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios. Our Term Loan B requires us to comply with certain financial covenants, including a secured leverage ratio and, under specified circumstances, a loan-to-value requirement. Our Credit Agreements include other restrictions that, among other things, limit our ability to incur indebtedness; grant liens; engage in mergers, consolidations and liquidations; make asset dispositions, make restricted payments and investments; issue disqualified stock; enter into transactions with affiliates; and amend, modify or prepay certain indebtedness. The indentures related to our senior notes contain limitations on our ability to effect mergers and change of control events, as well as other limitations on our ability to create liens on our assets. The indenture related to our 8.25% senior notes due 2026 additionally limits our ability to incur indebtedness, make restricted payments and investments and prepay certain indebtedness.
Our failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all or a substantial portion of our debt. We do not have sufficient working capital to satisfy our debt obligations in the event of an acceleration of all or a significant portion of our outstanding indebtedness.
Our indebtedness is secured by a substantial portion of our assets.
Subject to applicable laws and certain agreed-upon exceptions, our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan A are secured by a pledge of all of the capital stock of CoreCivic's domestic subsidiaries, 65% of the capital stock of CoreCivic’s foreign subsidiaries, all of CoreCivic’s accounts receivable and all of CoreCivic's deposit accounts. Our Term Loan B is secured by a first lien on certain specified real property assets, representing a loan-to-value of no greater than 80%. Subject to compliance with the restrictive covenants under our existing indebtedness, we may incur additional indebtedness secured by existing or future assets of CoreCivic or our subsidiaries. In the event of a default under our Credit Agreements or any other secured indebtedness, or if we experience insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or reorganization, the holders of our secured debt instruments would first be entitled to payment from their collateral security, and only after that would holders of our unsecured debt be entitled to payment from our remaining assets. In such an event, there can be no assurance that we would have sufficient assets to pay amounts due to holders of our unsecured debt, and such holders may receive less than the full amount to which they are entitled.
Servicing our indebtedness will require a significant amount of cash or may require us to refinance our indebtedness before it matures. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control and there is no assurance that we will be able to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, or at all.
Currently, our Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility both mature in April 2023. Our Term Loan B matures in December 2024. We also have outstanding $173.7 million in aggregate principal amount of our 4.625% senior notes due 2023, $675.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 8.25% senior notes due 2026, and $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 4.75% senior notes due 2027. In addition, we have $154.5 million outstanding under a non-recourse mortgage note with an interest rate of 4.43% maturing in 2040. Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness, to refinance our indebtedness, and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other factors that are beyond our control.
The risk exists that our business will be unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will not be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness, including our existing senior notes, or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, including our senior notes, on or before maturity. Our ability to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on acceptable terms, or at all, will be dependent upon a number of factors, including our degree of
leverage, the amount of our cash flows, the value of our assets, borrowing and other financial restrictions imposed by lenders and conditions in the credit markets at the time we refinance. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness on acceptable terms, we may be forced to agree to otherwise unfavorable financing terms or to sell one or more properties at unattractive prices or on disadvantageous terms. Any one of these options could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and our cash flows.
We are required to repurchase all or a portion of our senior notes upon a change of control, and our Credit Agreements are subject to acceleration upon a change of control.
Upon certain change of control events, as that term is defined in the indentures for our senior notes, including a change of control caused by an unsolicited third party, we are required to make an offer in cash to repurchase all or any part of each holder's notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal thereof, plus accrued interest. The source of funds for any such repurchase would be our available cash or cash generated from operations or other sources, including borrowings, sales of equity or funds provided by a new controlling person or entity. Sufficient funds may not be available to us, however, at the time of any change of control event to repurchase all or a portion of the tendered notes pursuant to this requirement. Our failure to offer to repurchase notes, or to repurchase notes tendered, following a change of control will result in a default under the respective indentures, which could lead to a cross-default under our Credit Agreements and under the terms of our other indebtedness. In addition, terms of our Credit Agreements, which are subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of a change in control (as described therein), may prohibit us from making any such required repurchases. Prior to repurchasing the notes upon a change of control event, we must either repay outstanding indebtedness under our Credit Agreements or obtain the consent of the lenders under our Credit Agreements. If we do not obtain the required consents or repay our outstanding indebtedness under our Credit Agreements, we would remain effectively prohibited from offering to repurchase the notes, which would cause a default under the indentures governing the notes.
Despite current indebtedness levels, we may still incur more debt.
The terms of the indentures for our senior notes and our Credit Agreements restrict our ability to incur indebtedness; however, we may nevertheless incur additional indebtedness in the future, and in the future, we may refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, including our Credit Agreements, and may incur additional indebtedness as a result so long as we comply with the limitations in our senior notes and Credit Agreements while they are in effect. As of December 31, 2021, we had $786.1 million of additional borrowing capacity available under our Revolving Credit Facility. The Bank Credit Facility also contains an "accordion" feature that provides for uncommitted incremental extensions of credit in the form of increases in the revolving commitments or incremental term loans of up to $350.0 million. In addition, so long as we comply with the limitations in our senior notes and Credit Agreements while they are in effect, we may issue an indeterminate amount of debt securities from time to time when we determine that market conditions and the opportunity to utilize the proceeds from the issuance of such debt securities are favorable. If new debt is added to our and our subsidiaries' current debt levels, the related risks that we and they now face could intensify.
Our ability to incur more secured debt has been further limited by the Term Loan B.
The Term Loan B required us to place liens on mortgaged properties representing a loan-to-value of no greater than 80%. Our Credit Agreements limit the amount of liens we can place on existing assets, further restricting the amount of additional secured debt we are able to obtain. This limitation restricts our ability to obtain financing for future needs and opportunities.
Our access to capital may be affected by general macroeconomic conditions.
Credit markets may tighten significantly for various reasons that may or may not result from company-specific activities such that our ability to obtain new capital could be more challenging and more expensive. Further, we can provide no assurance that the banks that have made commitments under our Bank Credit Facility will continue to operate as going concerns in the future or will agree to extend commitments beyond the maturity date. If any of the banks in the lending group were to fail, or fail to renew their commitments, it is possible that the capacity under our Bank Credit Facility would be reduced. In the event that the availability under our Bank Credit Facility was reduced significantly, we could be required to obtain capital from alternate sources in order to continue with our business and capital strategies. Our options for addressing such capital constraints would include, but not be limited to (i) delaying certain capital expenditure projects, (ii) obtaining commitments from the remaining banks in the lending group or from new banks to fund increased or new amounts under the terms of our Bank Credit Facility, (iii) accessing the public capital markets, or (iv) retaining more of our cash flow. Such alternatives could be on terms less favorable than under existing terms, which could have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Increasing activist resistance to the use of public-private partnerships for correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities could impact our ability to obtain financing to grow our business or to refinance existing indebtedness, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our company does not, under longstanding policy, lobby for or against policies or legislation that would determine the basis for, or duration of, an individual's incarceration or detention. This strict policy also applies to external government relations professionals working on our behalf at all levels of government. Nonetheless, contracting for correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and related services has not achieved complete acceptance by certain governments or the public at large. The operation of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities by private entities has encountered resistance from certain groups, such as immigration advocates, labor unions, prison reform organizations and other special interest groups that believe correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities should only be operated by governmental agencies, or that alternatives to immigrant detention should be utilized to enforce the nation's border policies. Further, opposition to immigration, detention and incarceration policies and the association of private companies with the enforcement of such policies have caused some banks, including several that are currently parties to the Bank Credit Facility, to announce that they do not expect to continue providing credit or financial services to private entities that own or operate correctional, and detention facilities, including CoreCivic, or to otherwise participate in the provision of credit or financial services in connection with the development of correctional and detention facilities that are associated with private companies. The banks that are currently parties to the Bank Credit Facility are obligated to honor their commitments under the Bank Credit Facility, which expire in April 2023. These decisions have currently affected the capital markets for our securities, and we can provide no assurance that additional banks that are party to our Bank Credit Facility will not make similar decisions, or that new banks will be willing to become party to our Bank Credit Facility, or that the capital markets for our securities will improve. While we believe we will continue to have access to capital, restrictions on our access to capital, or increases in the cost of capital, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Rising interest rates would increase the cost of our variable rate debt.
We have incurred and expect in the future to incur indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates, including indebtedness under our Credit Agreements. Accordingly, increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs, which could have an adverse impact on us and our ability to pay down our debt, return capital to our stockholders and pay maturing debt or cause us to be in default under certain debt instruments.
Risks Related to our Corporate Tax Structure
We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of revoking our REIT election and becoming a taxable C Corporation effective January 1, 2021, or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected, if at all, or may not offset the costs of revoking our REIT election and becoming a taxable C Corporation.
We believe that revoking our REIT election and becoming a taxable C Corporation, among other things, provides us with greater flexibility to use our free cash flows as we are no longer required to operate under the REIT rules, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders. However, the amount of our free cash flows may not meet our expectations, which may reduce, or eliminate, the anticipated benefits of the transition from a REIT to a taxable C Corporation. For example, if our cash flows do not meet our expectations, our ability to implement our new capital allocation strategy may be delayed, and we may not be able to reduce our debt as quickly as we desire. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the anticipated benefits of the transition from a REIT to a taxable C Corporation will offset its costs, which could be greater than we expect. Our failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of the transition from a REIT to a taxable C Corporation at all, or in a timely manner, or a failure of any benefits realized to offset its costs, could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or the market price of our common stock.
Furthermore, continued economic and political conditions in the United States could result in changes in U.S. tax laws. The Biden administration has proposed several corporate tax increases, including raising the U.S. corporate income tax rate and a global minimum tax. These proposals include changes to the existing framework in respect of income taxes, as well as new types of non-income taxes which could apply to our business. Although we cannot predict whether or in what form such changes will pass, if enacted into law, they could have a material impact on our effective tax rate, income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, results of operations, cash flows and profitability.
If we failed to remain qualified as a REIT for those years we elected REIT status, we would be subject to corporate income taxes and would not be able to deduct distributions to stockholders when computing our taxable income for those years.
We operated in a manner that was intended to allow us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes during those years we elected REIT status, 2013 through 2020. However, we cannot assure you that we qualified as a REIT during those years. Qualification as a REIT required us to satisfy numerous requirements established under highly technical and complex sections of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, which may change from time to time and for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations, and involves the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. For example, in order to qualify as a REIT, the REIT must derive at least 95% of its gross income in any year from qualifying sources. In addition, a REIT is required to distribute annually to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and by excluding capital gains) and must satisfy specified asset tests on a quarterly basis.
If we failed to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year we elected REIT status, we would be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax for years before 2018) on our taxable income computed in the usual manner for corporate taxpayers without deduction for distributions to our stockholders, and we may need to borrow additional funds or issue securities to pay such additional tax liability. Any such corporate income tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for other purposes, because, unless we are entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we would be taxable as a C Corporation, beginning in the year in which the failure occurred, and we would not be allowed to re-elect to be taxed as a REIT for the following four years.
Even if we remained qualified as a REIT for those years we elected REIT status, we may owe taxes under certain circumstances.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for those years we elected REIT status, we will be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property, including on taxable income that we did not distribute to our stockholders, and on net income from certain "prohibited transactions". In addition, the REIT provisions of the Code are complex and are not always subject to clear interpretation. For example, a REIT must derive at least 95% of its gross income in any year from qualifying sources, including rents from real property. Rents from real property include amounts received for the use of limited amounts of personal property and for certain services. Whether amounts constitute rents from real property or other qualifying income may not be entirely clear in all cases. We may fail to qualify as a REIT for those years we elected REIT status if we exceed the permissible amounts of non-qualifying income unless such failures qualify for relief under certain statutory relief provisions. Even if we qualify for statutory relief, we may be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more such relief provisions under the Code to maintain our qualification as a REIT for those years we elected REIT status. Furthermore, we conducted substantial activities through TRSs, and the income of those subsidiaries is subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates.
Performing services through our TRSs during those years we elected REIT status may increase our overall tax liability or subject us to certain excise taxes. A TRS may hold assets and earn income, including income earned from the performance of correctional services, that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. During those years we elected REIT status, we conducted a significant portion of our business activities through our TRSs. Our TRSs are subject to federal, foreign, state and local income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax net income generally is available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to us. The TRS rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm's-length basis. We believe our arrangements with our TRSs were on arm's-length terms. If it is determined that our arrangements with our TRSs were not on an arm's-length terms, we would be subject to the 100% excise tax.
The value of the securities we owned in our TRSs during those years we elected REIT status was limited under the REIT asset tests. Under the Code, no more than 20% of the value of the gross assets of a REIT may be represented by securities of one or more TRSs. This limitation affected our ability to increase the size of our TRSs' operations and assets during those years that we elected REIT status, and there can be no assurance that we were able to comply with this limitation. If it is determined that we were unable to comply with this limitation, we would fail to qualify as a REIT for those years we elected REIT status.
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in "prohibited transactions" limited our ability to engage in transactions during those years we elected REIT status which would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes. A REIT's net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we do not believe that we held any properties that would be characterized as held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business during those years we elected REIT status, unless the sale or disposition qualified under certain statutory safe harbors, such characterization is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available safe harbors.
General Risk Factors
The market price of our equity securities may vary substantially, which may limit our stockholders' ability to liquidate their investment.
Factors that could affect the market price of our equity securities include, but are not limited to, the following:
•
actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of operations;
•
changes in market valuations of companies in the corrections, detention, or residential reentry industries;
•
changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in estimates of securities analysts;
•
changes in government policy, legislation and regulations that affect utilization of the private sector for corrections, detention, and residential reentry services;
•
fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes;
•
issuances of common shares or other securities in the future; and
•
announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, investments or strategic actions.
The number of shares of our common stock available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of common stock, or the availability of common stock for future sale, on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, including stock issued under equity compensation plans, or the perception that these sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock.
Future offerings of debt or equity securities ranking senior to our common stock or incurrence of debt (including under our Bank Credit Facility) may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
If we decide to issue debt or equity securities in the future ranking senior to our common stock or otherwise incur indebtedness (including under our Bank Credit Facility), it is possible that these securities or indebtedness will be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility and limiting our ability to return capital to our stockholders. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges, including with respect to distributions, more favorable than those of our common stock and may result in dilution to owners of our common stock. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities in any future offering or otherwise incur indebtedness will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings or financings, any of which could reduce the market price of our common stock and dilute the value of our common stock.
Our issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect holders of our common stock and discourage a takeover.
Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 50.0 million shares of preferred stock without any action on the part of our stockholders. Our Board of Directors also has the authority, without stockholder approval, to set the terms of any new series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights, liquidation rights and other preferences superior to our common stock. In the event that we issue shares of preferred stock in the future that have preferences superior to our common stock, the rights of the holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected. In addition, the ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock without any action on the part of our stockholders may impede a takeover of us and discourage or prevent a transaction that may be favorable to our stockholders.
Our charter and bylaws and Maryland law could make it difficult for a third party to acquire our company.
The Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws contain provisions that could delay, deter, or prevent a change in control of our company or our management. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for our stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions:
•
authorize us to issue "blank check" preferred stock, which is preferred stock that can be created and issued by our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, with rights senior to those of common stock;
•
provide that directors may be removed with or without cause only by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes of shares entitled to vote thereon; and
•
establish advance notice requirements for submitting nominations for election to the Board of Directors and for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at a meeting.
We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Maryland law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together, these provisions of our charter and bylaws and Maryland law may discourage transactions that otherwise could provide for the payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our common stock, and also could limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES.
The properties we owned at December 31, 2021 are described under Item 1 and in Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report, as well as in Schedule III in Part IV of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
The information required under this item can be found in Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report and is incorporated by reference in this Part I, Item 3.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
None.
PART II.

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Price of and Distributions on Capital Stock
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol "CXW." On February 14, 2022, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $9.74 per share and there were approximately 2,400 registered holders and approximately 29,000 beneficial holders, respectively, of our common stock.
Dividend Policy
During 2020, CoreCivic's Board of Directors declared the following quarterly dividend on its common stock:
Declaration Date
Record Date
Payable Date
Per Share
February 20, 2020
April 1, 2020
April 15, 2020
$
0.44
In order to qualify as a REIT for the years we elected REIT status, we were generally required to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains), and we were subject to tax to the extent our net taxable income (including net capital gains) was not fully distributed. We announced on June 17, 2020 that our BOD suspended our quarterly dividend while it evaluated corporate structure and capital allocation alternatives. On August 5, 2020, our BOD voted unanimously to approve a plan to revoke our REIT election and become a taxable C Corporation, effective January 1, 2021; our BOD also voted unanimously to discontinue the quarterly dividend and prioritize allocating our free cash flow to reduce debt levels.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6.
[Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or this Annual Report. In this Annual Report, we use the term, the "Company," "CoreCivic," "we," "us," and "our" to refer to CoreCivic, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless context indicates otherwise. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those described under Item 1A, "Risk Factors" and included in other portions of this report.
OVERVIEW
We are a diversified government solutions company with the scale and experience needed to solve tough government challenges in flexible, cost-effective ways. Through three segments, CoreCivic Safety, CoreCivic Community, and CoreCivic Properties, we provide a broad range of solutions to government partners that serve the public good through corrections and detention management, a network of residential reentry centers to help address America's recidivism crisis, and government real estate solutions. We have been a flexible and dependable partner for government for nearly 40 years. Our employees are driven by a deep sense of service, high standards of professionalism and a responsibility to help government better the public good.
As of December 31, 2021, through our CoreCivic Safety segment, we operated 46 correctional and detention facilities, 41 of which we owned, with a total design capacity of approximately 69,000 beds. Through our CoreCivic Community segment, we owned and operated 26 residential reentry centers with a total design capacity of approximately 5,000 beds. In addition, through our CoreCivic Properties segment, we owned 10 properties for lease to third parties and used by government agencies, totaling 1.8 million square feet. We are the nation's largest owner of partnership correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities and one of the largest prison operators in the United States. We also believe we are the largest private owner of real estate used by government agencies in the U.S. Our size and experience provide us with significant credibility with our current and prospective customers, and enable us to generate economies of scale in purchasing power for food services, health care and other supplies and services we offer to our government partners.
See Item 1, "Business - Overview" for a description of how we are organized.
Our Business
Through our CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community segments, we are compensated for providing bed capacity and correctional, detention, and residential reentry services at a per diem rate based upon actual or minimum guaranteed occupancy levels. Federal, state, and local governments are constantly under budgetary constraints putting pressure on governments to control correctional budgets, including per diem rates our customers pay to us as well as pressure on appropriations for building new prison capacity.
The solutions we provide to our federal customers continue to be a significant component of our business. We believe our ability to provide flexible solutions and fulfill emergent needs of our federal customers would be very difficult and costly to replicate in the public sector.
On January 26, 2021, President Biden issued the Executive Order on Reforming Our Incarceration System to Eliminate the Use of Privately Operated Criminal Detention Facilities, or the Private Prison EO. The Private Prison EO directs the Attorney General to not renew United States Department of Justice, or DOJ, contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities. Two agencies of the DOJ, the United States Federal Bureau of Prisons, or BOP, and the United States Marshals Service, or USMS, utilize our services. The BOP houses inmates who have been convicted, and the USMS is generally responsible for detainees who are awaiting trial. The BOP has experienced a steady decline in inmate populations over the last eight years, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We currently have one prison contract with the BOP at our 1,978-bed McRae Correctional Facility, accounting for 2% ($40.6 million) of our total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, which expires in November 2022. The Private Prison EO only applies to agencies that are part of the DOJ, which includes the BOP and USMS. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, facilities are not covered by the Private Prison EO, as ICE is an agency of the Department of Homeland Security, not the DOJ, although it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, USMS and ICE accounted for 23% ($433.6 million) and 30% ($552.2 million), respectively, of our total revenue.
Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own detention capacity and relies on the private sector, along with various government agencies, for its detainee population. The USMS has been advised by the Office of the Deputy Attorney General not to renew existing contracts, or enter into new contracts for private detention facilities. During the second quarter of 2021, we had direct contracts with the USMS for up to 992 detainees at our 2016-bed Northeast Ohio Correctional Center and for up to approximately 96 detainees at our 664-bed Crossroads Correctional Center in Montana that expired and were not renewed. On May 28, 2021, we entered into a new three-year contract with Mahoning County, Ohio to utilize up to 990 beds at our Northeast Ohio Correctional Center. Mahoning County is responsible for County inmates and federal detainees, including USMS detainees, and the County is using the Northeast Ohio facility to address its population needs. During the third quarter of 2021, we entered into an amendment to the contract with the state of Montana to utilize all of the capacity at the Crossroads Correctional Center, including the space vacated by the USMS, and to extend the existing contract to June 30, 2023, with additional renewal options by mutual agreement through August 31, 2029. We had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 600-bed West Tennessee Detention Facility that expired on September 30, 2021 and was not renewed. In addition, we had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 1,033-bed Leavenworth Detention Center that expired on December 31, 2021 and was not renewed. We are actively marketing the West Tennessee and Leavenworth facilities to other government agencies, and in August 2021, we submitted a formal response to a government agency's request for proposal to utilize the West Tennessee facility. We are also currently in discussions with, and have submitted proposals to, other potential government partners to utilize the Leavenworth facility. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to reach agreements for the utilization of the West Tennessee or Leavenworth facilities.
We currently have six detention facilities that have separate contracts where the USMS is the primary customer within the facility that all expire at various times over the next several years, with the exception of two contracts that have indefinite terms. As of December 31, 2021, one of the aforementioned six contracts, a contract with a government agency at our 2,672-bed Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility in Mississippi that allows the USMS to utilize available capacity, expires in June 2022. Non-renewal of these contracts, or the expansion of the Private Prison EO to ICE, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations if we are unable to replace the cash flows with new management contracts like we did at our Northeast Ohio and Crossroads facilities.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic. As a result, in the first quarter of 2020, the federal government decided to deny entry at the United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19, a policy known as Title 42, continued by the Biden administration. This policy resulted in a reduction to the number of people ICE detained, including in our detention facilities.
In February 2021, President Biden announced plans to allow certain migrants to pursue asylum in the United States while awaiting their proceedings in immigration courts, reversing the MPP, commonly referred to as the "Remain in Mexico Policy," enacted by the Trump administration. The MPP required asylum seekers to wait in Mexico during the pendency of their immigration court proceedings.
Both Title 42 and MPP have been subject to legal challenges. On August 13, 2021, a federal court ordered the Biden administration to reinstate the MPP finding that terminating MPP would be illegal "until the Department of Homeland Security has the capacity and willingness to detain immigrants." On August 24, 2021, the Supreme Court refused to block implementation of that order. On October 29, 2021, Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro N. Mayorkas issued a memorandum asserting the termination of MPP, which was structured to be implemented if the decision reinstating MPP is vacated. The memorandum also provides that the Biden administration will continue to comply with the injunction requiring the reinstatement and enforcement of MPP until a final judicial decision, if any, to vacate such injunction is issued. In early December 2021, the Department of Homeland Security began the court-ordered re-implementation of the MPP, and on December 13, 2021, a federal appeals court rejected the Biden administration’s attempts to terminate MPP. On December 29, 2021, the Biden administration appealed this decision to the Supreme Court. Separately, on September 16, 2021, a federal judge prohibited the Biden administration from expelling migrant families pursuant to Title 42 finding that public health law does not authorize the expulsion of migrants. On September 30, 2021, a federal appeals court issued a temporary stay on the prohibition on expelling migrant families pursuant to Title 42. On February 4, 2022, the federal government extended Title 42. As a result, the Biden administration has been able to expel migrant families pursuant to public health concerns over the spread of COVID-19 while the litigation of such policy continues. The number of people apprehended by ICE could increase upon the reversal of Title 42, and if the Biden administration prevails in its efforts to terminate MPP.
We cannot predict government responses to an increase in staff or residents testing positive for COVID-19 within public and private correctional, detention and reentry facilities, nor can we predict COVID-19 related restrictions on individuals, businesses, and services that disrupt the criminal justice system. Further, we cannot predict government policies on prosecutions and legal restrictions as a result of COVID-19 that affect the number of people placed in correctional, detention, and reentry facilities.
COVID-19 notwithstanding, we believe the long-term growth opportunities of our business remain attractive as government agencies consider their emergent needs (including capacity to help mitigate the spread of infectious disease), as well as the efficiency and offender programming opportunities we provide as flexible solutions to satisfy our partners' needs. Further, although disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, several of our existing federal and state partners, as well as prospective state partners, have been experiencing growth in offender populations and overcrowded conditions, as well as an increase in violent crime. Governments are now assessing their need for correctional space in light of COVID-19, and several are considering alternative correctional capacity for their aged or inefficient infrastructure, or are seeking cost savings by utilizing the private sector, which could result in increased future demand for the solutions we provide. For example, in December 2021, the state of Arizona awarded us a new contract for up to 2,706 inmates at our 3,060-bed La Palma Correctional Center in Arizona, which we expect to commence late in the first quarter or early in the second quarter of 2022. We are not aware of a larger prison contract awarded to the private sector by any state in over a decade. Competing budget priorities, which have become more challenging because of COVID-19, often impede our customers' ability to construct new prison beds of their own or update their older facilities, which we believe could result in further demand for private sector prison capacity solutions in the long-term.
Governments continue to experience many significant spending demands which have constrained correctional budgets limiting their ability to expand existing facilities or construct new facilities. We believe the outsourcing of corrections and detention management services to private operators allows governments to manage increasing inmate populations while simultaneously controlling costs. We believe our customers discover that partnering with private operators to provide residential services to their offenders introduces competition to their correctional system, resulting in improvements to the quality and cost of services throughout their correctional system. Further, the use of facilities owned and managed by private operators allows governments to expand correctional capacity without incurring large capital commitments and allows them to avoid long-term pension obligations for their employees.
We also believe that having beds immediately available to our partners provides us with a distinct competitive advantage when bidding on new contracts. We believe the most significant opportunities for growth are in providing our government partners with available beds within facilities we currently own or that we will develop. Over the long-term, we would like to see meaningful utilization of our available capacity and better visibility from our customers into their potential future needs before we develop new correctional or detention capacity on a speculative basis. We will, however, respond to customer demand and may develop or expand correctional and detention facilities when we believe potential long-term returns justify the capital deployment. We also believe that owning the facilities in which we provide management services enables us to more rapidly replace business lost compared with managed-only facilities, since we can offer the same beds to new and existing customers and, with customer consent, may have more flexibility in moving our existing populations to facilities with available capacity. Our management contracts generally provide our customers with the right to terminate our management contracts at any time without cause.
We are actively engaged in marketing our available capacity as solutions to meet the needs of potential customers. Historically, we have been successful in substantially filling our inventory of available beds and the beds that we have constructed. For example, in the second quarter of 2019, we announced that we entered into new contracts under inter-governmental service agreements, or IGSAs, with ICE at our previously idled 910-bed Torrance County Detention Facility in New Mexico and with the USMS at our previously idled 1,422-bed Eden Detention Center in Texas. In the third quarter of 2020, we entered into a new contract under an IGSA between the city of Cushing, Oklahoma and the USMS, to utilize our 1,600-bed Cimarron Correctional Facility in Oklahoma. We had previously announced our intention to idle the Cimarron facility during the third quarter of 2020, predominantly due to a lower number of inmate populations from the state of Oklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget. The new management contract commenced on September 15, 2020. More recently, in the second quarter of 2021, we entered into a new contract with Mahoning County, Ohio to utilize up to 990 beds at our Northeast Ohio Correctional Center, and in the third quarter of 2021, we entered into an amended contract with the state of Montana to utilize all of the capacity at our Crossroads Correctional Center, as previously discussed herein. Filling our available beds could provide substantial growth in revenues, cash flow, and earnings per share. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to fill our available beds.
We also offer our customers an attractive portfolio of correctional, detention, and reentry facilities that can be leased for various needs as an alternative to providing "turn-key" correctional, detention, and residential reentry bed space and services to our government partners. In September 2021, we announced that we had entered into a three-year lease agreement with the state of New Mexico at our 596-bed Northwest New Mexico Correctional Center. We previously operated the Northwest New Mexico facility in our Safety segment under a contract with the state of New Mexico. The new lease agreement commenced on November 1, 2021 and includes extension options that could extend the term of the lease through October 31, 2041. We will retain responsibility for facility maintenance throughout the term of the lease. The lease of this facility, along with the lease of our 656-bed Southeast Correctional Complex to the Kentucky Department of Corrections, or KYDOC, originating in 2019, the lease of our 2,400-bed North Fork Correctional Facility to the Oklahoma Department of Corrections, or ODOC, originating in 2016 and the lease of our 2,560-bed California City Correctional Center to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation originating in 2013, exemplify our ability to react quickly to our partners' needs with innovative and flexible solutions that make the best use of taxpayer dollars. We previously operated these four correctional facilities for various state and federal partners. We intend to pursue additional opportunities to lease prison facilities to government and other third-party operators in need of correctional capacity.
In January 2018, we entered into a 20-year lease agreement with the Kansas Department of Corrections, or KDOC, for a 2,432-bed correctional facility to be constructed in Lansing, Kansas. This transaction represented the first development of a privately owned, build-to-suit correctional facility to be operated by a government agency through a long-term lease agreement. We commenced construction of the facility in the first quarter of 2018. In December 2019, the Lansing facility began accepting offenders into the 512-bed minimum security complex ahead of schedule, with the remaining 1,920-bed medium/maximum security complex completed in January 2020. The new facility replaced the Lansing Correctional Facility, Kansas' largest correctional complex for adult male inmates, originally constructed in 1863. We are responsible for facility maintenance throughout the 20-year term of the lease, at which time ownership will revert to the state of Kansas. We believe we can bring solutions like this to other government agencies in need of new correctional capacity.
We also remain steadfast in our efforts to contain costs. Approximately 59% of our operating expenses consist of salaries and benefits. The turnover rate for correctional officers for our company, and for the corrections industry in general, remains high, and staffing challenges have recently been exacerbated by labor shortages and wage pressures in the marketplace. We are making investments in systems and processes intended to help manage our workforce more efficiently and effectively, especially with respect to overtime and costs of turnover. We are also focused on workers' compensation and medical benefits costs for our employees due to continued rising healthcare costs throughout the country. Effectively managing these staffing costs requires a long-term strategy to control such costs, and we continue to dedicate resources to enhance our benefits, provide specialized training and career development opportunities to our staff in order to attract and retain quality personnel. Finally, we are evaluating cost savings opportunities in areas such as inmate medical expenses, utilities, and maintenance, among others. Through ongoing company-wide initiatives, we continue to focus on efforts to manage costs and improve operating efficiencies.
Through the combination of our operational initiatives to (i) provide valuable and critically needed services that could increase our revenues and increase the utilization of our available beds, (ii) deliver new bed capacity through new facility construction and expansion opportunities, (iii) expand our real estate-only solutions, (iv) grow the utilization of our community corrections facilities, (v) develop or acquire new business offerings that expand the range of solutions we provide to government partners and diversify our cash flows, and (vi) contain our operating expenses, we believe we will be able to maintain our competitive advantage and continue to diversify the range of services we provide to our customers at an attractive price, thereby producing value for our stockholders. As further explained under Liquidity and Capital Resources hereafter, through the revocation of our REIT election and revised capital allocation strategy, following our first priority of reducing debt, we expect to allocate a substantial portion of our free cash flow to returning capital to shareholders, which could include share repurchases and future dividends, further enhancing stockholder value.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The consolidated financial statements in this report are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. A summary of our significant accounting policies is described in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report. The significant accounting policies and estimates which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:
Asset impairments. The primary risk we face for asset impairment charges is associated with facilities we own. As of December 31, 2021, we had $2.3 billion in property and equipment, including $148.9 million in long-lived assets at six idled CoreCivic Safety correctional facilities. The carrying values of the six idled facilities as of December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):
Prairie Correctional Facility
$
14,416
Huerfano County Correctional Center
15,230
Diamondback Correctional Facility
36,917
Marion Adjustment Center
10,743
Kit Carson Correctional Center
50,950
West Tennessee Detention Facility
20,622
$
148,878
As of December 31, 2021, we also had one idled non-core facility in our Safety segment containing 240 beds with a total net book value of $3.1 million, and four idled facilities in our Community segment, containing an aggregate of 740 beds with an aggregate net book value of $11.4 million, one of which is a community facility classified as held for sale as described herein.
We incurred operating expenses at these idled facilities of approximately $8.0 million, $7.4 million, and $7.1 million during the period they were idle for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The 2021 amount excludes the expenses incurred at our West Tennessee Detention Facility during the fourth quarter of 2021. As more fully described hereafter, the West Tennessee facility was idled upon the expiration of a USMS contract on September 30, 2021. However, we have retained a certain staffing level at the facility in order to quickly respond should we enter into a new contract with a government agency in the near-term.
On May 24, 2021, we completed the sale of an idled 12,000 square foot non-core property located in St. Louis, Missouri, with a net book value of $0.8 million at the time of the sale, for net proceeds of $0.6 million. In addition, on June 25, 2021, we completed the sale of an idled 18,000 square foot non-core property, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a price of $2.0 million, generating net proceeds of $1.8 million. Pursuant to an agreement to sell the Philadelphia property, in the first quarter of 2021, we recognized an impairment charge of $1.3 million associated with this facility, based on its estimated net realizable value less costs to sell. Both the St. Louis and Philadelphia properties were formerly leased to third-party lessees in our Properties segment.
We had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 600-bed West Tennessee Detention Facility that expired on September 30, 2021 and was not renewed. We have been actively marketing the facility to other government agencies, and in August 2021, submitted a formal response to a government agency's request for proposal to utilize the West Tennessee facility. We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in entering into a new contract with the government agency. As of December 31, 2021, the West Tennessee facility had a net book value of $20.6 million.
We had a direct contract with the USMS to care for detainees at our 1,033-bed Leavenworth Detention Center that expired on December 31, 2021 and was not renewed. We have been actively marketing the facility and are currently in discussions with, and have submitted proposals to, other potential government partners to utilize the Leavenworth facility. We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in entering into a new contract with another government agency. As of December 31, 2021, the Leavenworth facility had a net book value of $54.2 million.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we entered into separate purchase and sale agreements for our 120-bed Fox Facility and Training Center and our 90-bed Ulster Facility, two residential reentry facilities in our Community segment. The two facilities are located in Denver, Colorado and have recently been under-utilized by Denver County. We concluded the sale of these two properties met the criteria for classification as assets held for sale as of December 31, 2021, requiring the properties to be valued at the lower of current carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. The aggregate gross sales price of the two properties is expected to be $9.9 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $2.0 million to be recognized upon completion of the sales expected to occur in the first quarter of 2022, after recognizing an impairment in the fourth quarter of 2021 of $2.0 million for one of the facilities to reflect the lower fair value less costs to sell upon its recognition as an asset held for sale.
We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying values of our long-lived assets, other than goodwill, when events suggest that an impairment may have occurred. Such events primarily include, but are not limited to, the termination of a management contract, a significant decrease in populations within a facility we own in our Safety and Community segments that we believe will be longer than short-term, and the expiration and non-renewal of lease agreements in our Properties segment.
We perform the impairment analyses for each of our idle facilities as well as any other properties with indicators of impairment. Our estimates of recoverability are based on projected undiscounted cash flows that are comparable to historical cash flows from management contracts or lease agreements at facilities similar to the idled facilities, including historical operations for the idled facilities when such facilities were operating. Our undiscounted cash flows factor in assumptions around when idle facilities will commence generating revenues based on our best estimates around contract negotiations and market conditions. Our impairment evaluations also take into consideration our historical experience in securing new management contracts to utilize correctional facilities that had been previously idled for substantial periods of time. Such previously idled correctional facilities are currently being operated under contracts that continue to generate cash flows resulting in the recoverability of the net book value of the previously idled facilities by material amounts. We also perform sensitivity analyses that consider reductions to such cash flows. Our sensitivity analyses include reductions in projected cash flows compared to historical cash flows generated by the respective facility as well as prolonged periods of vacancies.
We also evaluate on a quarterly basis market developments for the potential utilization of each of our idle facilities in order to identify events that may cause us to reconsider our most recent assumptions. Such events could include negotiations with a prospective customer for the utilization of an idle facility at terms significantly less favorable than those used in our most recent impairment analysis, or changes in legislation surrounding a particular facility that could impact our ability to care for certain types of populations at such facility, or a demolition or substantial renovation of a facility. Further, a substantial increase in the number of available beds at other facilities we own could lead to a deterioration in market conditions and cash flows that we might be able to obtain under a new contract at our idle facilities. Although they are not frequent, an unsolicited offer to purchase any of our idle facilities at amounts that are less than the carrying value could also cause us to reconsider the assumptions used in our most recent impairment analysis.
We can provide no assurance that we will be able to secure agreements to utilize our idle properties, or that we will not incur impairment charges in the future. By their nature, these estimates contain uncertainties with respect to the extent and timing of the respective cash flows due to potential delays or material changes to historical terms and conditions in contracts with prospective customers that could impact the estimate of cash flows. With respect to idle correctional facilities, we believe the long-term trends favor an increase in the utilization of our correctional facilities and management services. This belief is based on our experience in working with governmental agencies faced with significant budgetary challenges, which is a primary contributing factor to the lack of appropriated funding over the past decade to build new bed capacity by the federal and state governments with which we partner, as well as the extensively aged criminal justice infrastructure in the U.S. today. Due to a variety of factors, the lead time to negotiate contracts with our federal and state partners to utilize idle bed capacity at correctional facilities is generally lengthy.
Self-funded insurance reserves. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $47.3 million and $46.3 million, respectively, in accrued liabilities for employee health, workers' compensation, and automobile insurance claims. We are self-insured for employee health, workers' compensation, and automobile liability insurance claims. As such, our insurance expense is largely dependent on claims experience and our ability to control our claims. We have consistently accrued the estimated liability for employee health insurance claims based on our history of claims experience and the estimated time lag between the incident date and the date we pay the claims. We have accrued the estimated liability for workers' compensation claims based on an actuarial valuation of the outstanding liabilities, discounted to the net present value of the outstanding liabilities, using a combination of actuarial methods used to project ultimate losses, and our automobile insurance claims based on estimated development factors on claims incurred. The liability for employee health, workers' compensation, and automobile insurance includes estimates for both claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. In recent history, our methods for determining our exposure have remained consistent, and our historical trends have been appropriately factored into our estimates and reserves. As we obtain additional information and refine our methods regarding the assumptions and estimates we use to recognize liabilities incurred, we will adjust our reserves accordingly. Arriving at these estimates, however, requires a significant amount of subjective judgment by management, and as a result these estimates are uncertain, and our actual exposure may be different from our estimates. It is possible that future cash flows and results of operations could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions, new developments, or by the effectiveness of our strategies.
Legal reserves. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $6.8 million and $5.9 million, respectively, in accrued liabilities under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Subtopic 450-20, "Loss Contingencies," related to certain claims and legal proceedings in which we are involved. We have accrued our best estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of these claims, if estimable. In addition, we are subject to current and potential future claims and legal proceedings for which little or no accrual has been reflected because our current assessment of the potential exposure is nominal, or because we cannot reasonably estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that may result. These estimates have been developed in consultation with our General Counsel's office and, as appropriate, outside counsel handling these matters, and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible that future cash flows and results of operations could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions, new developments, or by the effectiveness of our litigation and settlement strategies.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our results of operations are impacted by the number of correctional and detention facilities we operated, including 41 we owned and five owned by our government partners (CoreCivic Safety), the number of residential reentry centers we owned and operated (CoreCivic Community), the number of facilities we leased to other operators (CoreCivic Properties), and the facilities we owned that were not in operation. The following table sets forth the changes in the number of facilities operated for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Effective
CoreCivic
Date
Safety
Community
Properties
Total
Facilities as of December 31, 2019
Acquisition of a portfolio of government-
leased properties
January 2020
-
-
Commencement of the Lansing
Correctional Facility lease
January 2020
-
-
Termination of contract and lease of a
Colorado reentry center
January 2020
-
(1
)
-
(1
)
Sale of an idled residential reentry center
in Arizona
April 2020
-
(1
)
-
(1
)
Sale of an idled non-core facility in
Tennessee
May 2020
(1
)
-
-
(1
)
Expiration of a managed-only contract in
Tennessee
October 2020
(1
)
-
-
(1
)
Expiration of a managed-only contract in
Tennessee
December 2020
(1
)
-
-
(1
)
Sale of a portfolio of government-
leased properties
December 2020
-
-
(42
)
(42
)
Facilities as of December 31, 2020
Termination of contract and lease of a
Colorado reentry center
January 2021
-
(1
)
-
(1
)
Sale of an idled government-leased
property in Missouri
May 2021
-
-
(1
)
(1
)
Sale of two leased properties in
Florida and Ohio
May 2021
-
-
(2
)
(2
)
Sale of a government-leased property
in Maryland
June 2021
-
-
(1
)
(1
)
Sale of an idled property in Pennsylvania
June 2021
-
-
(1
)
(1
)
Termination of GRES partnership
(Detroit, Michigan)
September 2021
-
-
(1
)
(1
)
Lease of the Northwest New Mexico
Correctional Center
November 2021
(1
)
-
-
Facilities as of December 31, 2021
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020
During the year ended December 31, 2021, net loss attributable to common stockholders was $51.9 million, or $0.43 per diluted share, compared with net income attributable to common stockholders of $54.2 million, or $0.45 per diluted share, for the previous year. Financial results for 2021 reflected $11.4 million of asset impairments, $56.3 million of expenses associated with debt repayments and refinancing transactions, and $54.3 million of charges related to the settlement agreement reached during April 2021 in connection with shareholder litigation, partially offset by a gain on the sale of real estate assets amounting to $38.8 million. In addition, financial results for 2021 included an income tax charge of $138.0 million, including $114.2 million for income taxes associated with the change in corporate tax structure and other special tax items, compared with income tax expense of $4.4 million during 2020, when the Company qualified as a REIT.
Financial results for 2020 included $13.8 million of incremental expenses directly associated with COVID-19 (reflected in operating expenses) and $5.2 million of expenses associated with changes in our corporate tax structure (reflected in general and administrative expenses). In addition, financial results in 2020 reflected several special items, including $60.6 million of asset impairments, a net loss of $13.0 million on sale of real estate assets, $7.1 million of expenses associated with debt repayments and refinancing transactions, and a charge of $0.6 million for contingent consideration associated with an acquisition of a business. Financial results in 2020 also reflected non-recurring deferred tax expense of $3.1 million reported during the first quarter of 2020.
Our Current Operations
Our ongoing operations are organized into three principal business segments:
•
CoreCivic Safety segment, consisting of the 46 correctional and detention facilities that are owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed by CoreCivic, as well as those correctional and detention facilities owned by third parties but managed by CoreCivic. CoreCivic Safety also includes the operating results of our subsidiary that provides transportation services to governmental agencies, TransCor America, LLC, or TransCor.
•
CoreCivic Community segment, consisting of the 26 residential reentry centers that are owned, or controlled via a long-term lease, and managed by CoreCivic. CoreCivic Community also includes the operating results of our electronic monitoring and case management service.
•
CoreCivic Properties segment, consisting of the 10 real estate properties owned by CoreCivic for lease to third parties and used by government agencies.
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, our total segment net operating income, which we define as facility revenue (including interest income associated with finance leases) less operating expenses, was divided among our three business segments as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
Segment:
Safety
85.5
%
82.2
%
Community
3.3
%
3.4
%
Properties
11.2
%
14.4
%
Facility Operations
A key performance indicator we use to measure the revenue and expenses associated with the operation of the correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities we own or manage is expressed in terms of a compensated man-day, which represents the revenue we generate and expenses we incur for one offender for one calendar day. Revenue and expenses per compensated man-day are computed by dividing facility revenue and expenses by the total number of compensated man-days during the period. A compensated man-day represents a calendar day for which we are paid for the occupancy of an offender. We believe the measurement is useful because we are compensated for operating and managing facilities at an offender per diem rate based upon actual or minimum guaranteed occupancy levels. We also measure our costs on a per compensated man-day basis, which is largely dependent upon the number of offenders we accommodate. Further, per compensated man-day measurements are also used to estimate our potential profitability based on certain occupancy levels relative to design capacity. Revenue and expenses per compensated man-day for all of the correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities placed into service that we owned or managed, exclusive of those held for lease, and for TransCor were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
For the Years Ended December 31,
Revenue per compensated man-day
$
89.86
$
84.71
Operating expenses per compensated man-day:
Fixed expense
47.51
47.20
Variable expense
18.16
16.86
Total
65.67
64.06
Operating income per compensated man-day
$
24.19
$
20.65
Operating margin
26.9
%
24.4
%
Average compensated occupancy
71.5
%
74.1
%
Average available beds
74,957
77,462
Average compensated population
53,613
57,392
Revenue
Total revenue consists of management revenue we generate through CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community in the operation of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, as well as the revenue we generate from TransCor and our electronic monitoring and case management services. Total revenue also consists of lease revenue we generate through CoreCivic Properties from facilities we lease to third-party operators. The following table reflects the components of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in millions):
For the Years Ended December 31,
$ Change
% Change
Management revenue:
Federal
$
1,050.7
$
999.2
$
51.5
5.2
%
State
602.1
636.3
(34.2
)
(5.4
%)
Local
51.5
81.7
(30.2
)
(37.0
%)
Other
89.1
95.0
(5.9
)
(6.2
%)
Total management revenue
1,793.4
1,812.2
(18.8
)
(1.0
%)
Lease revenue
68.9
93.1
(24.2
)
(26.0
%)
Other revenue
0.3
0.2
0.1
50.0
%
Total revenue
$
1,862.6
$
1,905.5
$
(42.9
)
(2.3
%)
The $18.8 million, or 1.0%, decrease in total management revenue was primarily a result of a decrease in revenue of approximately $121.7 million caused primarily by a decrease in the average daily compensated population from 2020 to 2021, including the effect of one fewer day of operations in 2021 due to a leap year in 2020. The decrease in management revenue was partially offset by an increase in revenue of approximately $100.9 million driven primarily by an increase of 6.1% in average revenue per compensated man-day. The increase in average revenue per compensated man-day resulted from (i) lower population levels which are charged at a higher average per diem for contracts under a tiered structure, (ii) compensation for the assumption of medical services at one of our detention facilities, (iii) the effect of per diem increases at several of our facilities, as well as (iv) a higher mix of federal populations at higher per diem rates. These increases were net of the effect of the amended IGSA associated with our South Texas Family Residential Center, which was effective beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, as further described hereafter. Revenue generated from our electronic monitoring and case management services increased $2.0 million from the prior year.
Average daily compensated population decreased 3,779, or 6.6%, to 53,613 in 2021 compared to 57,392 in 2020. Average daily compensated population decreased primarily as a result of government actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19, which has impacted all of 2021 but only impacted a portion of 2020. The decrease in average daily compensated population was also a result of the contract terminations at the 1,348-bed Metro-Davidson County Detention Facility and the 1,046-bed Silverdale Detention Center, both managed-only facilities, in the fourth quarter of 2020.
The solutions we provide to our federal customers, including primarily ICE, the USMS, and the BOP, continue to be a significant component of our business. The federal customers in our Safety and Community segments generated approximately 56% and 52% of our total revenue in 2021 and 2020, respectively, increasing $51.5 million, or 5.2%, in 2021 from 2020.
The decision near the end of the first quarter of 2020 by the federal government to deny entry at the United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19 resulted in a reduction in people being apprehended and detained by ICE. Revenue from ICE declined to $542.0 million during 2020 from $579.5 million during 2019. The financial impact was somewhat mitigated by fixed monthly payments from ICE at certain facilities, to ensure ICE has adequate bed capacity in the event of a surge in the future. Since February 2021, however, we have experienced modest increases in the number of people detained by ICE in our facilities. During 2021, revenue from ICE was $552.2 million compared to $542.0 million during 2020. The number of people apprehended by ICE could increase once the policy of denying entry at the United States southern border to asylum-seekers and anyone crossing the southern border without proper documentation or authority is reversed. The number of people apprehended by ICE could also increase if the federal government prevails over its attempt to reverse the MPP implemented by the Trump administration. As previously described, litigation over both of these policies is ongoing.
State revenues from contracts at correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities that we operate decreased $34.2 million, or 5.4%, from 2020 to 2021. State revenues primarily decreased as a result of the effect of an overall decline in state inmate populations resulting from government actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, the decrease in state revenues was also a result of the decrease in Oklahoma state inmate populations, primarily at our 1,600-bed Cimarron Correctional Facility, as further described hereafter, and due to the anticipated transfer of Mississippi state inmate populations from our Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility occupied under an emergency contract signed during the first quarter of 2020 back to the state of Mississippi during the first quarter of 2021, also as further described hereafter. The decrease in state revenues was partially offset by the revenue generated by a new contract with the state of Idaho at our Saguaro Correctional Facility in Arizona, as further described hereafter, as well as per diem increases under numerous state contracts.
During the third quarter of 2020, largely due to a lower number of inmate populations in the state of Oklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget, we agreed with the State to idle our 1,600-bed Cimarron Correctional Facility. We also transferred the remaining resident populations at our 390-bed Tulsa Transitional Center to Oklahoma's system, idling the Tulsa facility during the third quarter of 2020. We ultimately did not idle the Cimarron facility because we subsequently entered into a new contract under an IGSA between the city of Cushing, Oklahoma and the USMS to repurpose the facility to serve a federal need. From the beginning of the pandemic at the end of the first quarter of 2020 to December 31, 2021,
excluding the closure of our Cimarron facility to Oklahoma inmate populations, our state populations declined by approximately 4,100 inmates, or 12.9%, predominantly due to government actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Local revenues from contracts at correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities that we operate decreased $30.2 million, or 37.0%, from 2020 to 2021. The decrease in local revenues is primarily a result of the contract terminations at the 1,348-bed Metro-Davidson County Detention Facility and the 1,046-bed Silverdale Detention Center, both managed-only facilities, in the fourth quarter of 2020. These two facilities contributed to the reduction in local revenues of $26.2 million, but had a positive impact on facility net operating income as these facilities incurred net operating losses in 2020, as further described hereafter. Local revenues also decreased as a result of an overall decline in local inmate populations resulting from government actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19, mostly at our CoreCivic Community facilities.
The $24.2 million, or 26.0%, decrease in lease revenue from 2020 to 2021 was primarily a result of the sale of 42 non-core government-leased properties in December 2020 and the sale of three additional actively leased properties during the second quarter of 2021, both as further described hereafter. The decrease in lease revenue was partially offset by the lease revenue generated from the commencement of the lease of the 656-bed Southeast Correctional Complex in Wheelwright, Kentucky in the third quarter of 2020, also as further described hereafter. The new lease agreement at our Northwest New Mexico facility, also as further described hereafter, also contributed to new lease revenue in 2021 and will further benefit lease revenue in 2022.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses totaled $1,337.1 million and $1,406.4 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. Operating expenses consist of those expenses incurred in the operation and management of correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, as well as those expenses incurred in the operations of TransCor and our electronic monitoring and case management services. Operating expenses also consist of those expenses incurred in the operation of facilities we lease to third-party operators.
Expenses incurred by CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community in connection with the operation and management of our correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, as well as those incurred in the operations of TransCor and our electronic monitoring and case management services, decreased $59.3 million, or 4.3%, during 2021 compared with 2020. There were several factors that contributed to the decrease in operating expenses incurred in these segments. Operating expenses decreased primarily as a result of lower staffing and service levels that were consistent with the lower occupancy levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Incremental expenses associated with COVID-19 also decreased, as further described hereafter. The decrease in operating expenses was also a result of the contract terminations at the 1,348-bed Metro-Davidson County Detention Facility and the 1,046-bed Silverdale Detention Center, both managed-only facilities, in the fourth quarter of 2020. The decrease in operating expenses was also a result of one fewer day of operations in 2021 due to a leap year in 2020.
Total expenses per compensated man-day increased to $65.67 during 2021 from $64.06 during 2020. Fixed expenses per compensated man-day increased to $47.51 during 2021 from $47.20 during 2020. We have experienced labor shortages and wage pressures in many markets across the country, and have provided wage increases to remain competitive, including increases to most of our facility staff during the third quarters of both 2021 and 2020. Recruiting has been particularly challenging during the pandemic due to the front-line nature of the services we provide. The challenges of recruiting and retaining staff could be exacerbated by actions taken or contemplated to be taken by government authorities intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 such as vaccine mandates, health and safety directives or other requirements that apply to us and our facilities. Further, we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, incremental expenses to help ensure sufficient staffing levels under unique and challenging working conditions. Incremental expenses include, but may not be limited to, incentive payments to our front-line and field staff, additional paid time off, off-cycle wage increases in certain markets to remain competitive, as well as expenses to procure personal protective equipment and other supplies. During 2020, we incurred $13.8 million of incremental expenses associated with COVID-19. The incremental expenses associated with COVID-19 during 2020 included $6.3 million of hero bonuses paid in the second quarter of 2020. There were no hero bonuses associated with COVID-19 paid during 2021, although we continue to incur operating expenses
associated with COVID-19 for personal protective equipment and other supplies. The absence of hero bonuses partially offset the increase in fixed expenses per compensated man-day.
We continually monitor compensation levels very closely along with overall economic conditions and will set wage levels necessary to help ensure the long-term success of our business. Further, we continually evaluate the structure of our employee benefits package and training programs to ensure we are better able to attract and retain our employees. As mentioned, recruiting and retaining staff has become particularly challenging in the current employment market for us and for the corrections and detention industry as a whole. An inability to attract and retain sufficient personnel could prevent us from caring for additional residential populations for government agencies in need of additional capacity due to over-crowding or an inability to adequately staff their facilities. An inability to attract and retain sufficient personnel in our existing facilities could also cause our government partners to assess liquidated damages, reduce our residential populations, or in extreme circumstances, cancel our contracts. Salaries and benefits represent the most significant component of our operating expenses, representing approximately 59% of our total operating expenses during 2021 and 61% of our total operating expenses during 2020.
Operating expenses incurred by CoreCivic Properties in connection with facilities we lease to third-party operators decreased $10.0 million, or 35.5%, during 2021 when compared to 2020. The decrease in expenses in this segment was primarily a result of the sale of 42 non-core government-leased properties in December 2020 and the sale of an additional three actively leased properties in the second quarter of 2021, both as further described hereafter.
Facility Management Contracts
We enter into facility management contracts to provide bed capacity and management services to governmental entities in our CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community segments for terms typically ranging from three to five years, with additional renewal periods at the option of the contracting governmental agency. Accordingly, a substantial portion of our facility management contracts are scheduled to expire each year, notwithstanding contractual renewal options that a government agency may exercise. Although we generally expect these customers to exercise renewal options or negotiate new contracts with us, one or more of these contracts may not be renewed by the corresponding governmental agency. Further, our government partners can generally terminate our management contracts for non-appropriation of funds or for convenience.
Additionally, the Private Prison EO issued by President Biden on January 26, 2021, directs the Attorney General to not renew DOJ contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities. Two agencies of the DOJ, the BOP and the USMS utilize our services. The BOP houses inmates who have been convicted, and the USMS is generally responsible for detainees who are awaiting trial. The BOP has experienced a steady decline in inmate populations over the last eight years, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We currently have one prison contract with the BOP at our 1,978-bed McRae Correctional Facility, accounting for 2% ($40.6 million) of our total revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, which expires in November 2022. The Private Prison EO only applies to agencies that are part of the DOJ, which includes the BOP and USMS. ICE facilities are not covered by the Private Prison EO, as ICE is an agency of the Department of Homeland Security, not the DOJ, although it is possible that the federal government could choose to take similar action on ICE facilities in the future. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, USMS and ICE accounted for 23% ($433.6 million) and 30% ($552.2 million), respectively, of our total revenue.
Unlike the BOP, the USMS does not own detention capacity and relies on the private sector, along with various government agencies, for its detainee population. The USMS has been advised by the Office of the Deputy Attorney General not to renew existing contracts, or enter into new contracts for private detention facilities. We currently have six detention facilities that have separate contracts where the USMS is the primary customer within the facility that all expire at various times over the next several years, with the exception of two contracts that have indefinite terms. Non-renewal of these contracts, or the expansion of the Private Prison EO to ICE, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations if we are unable to replace the cash flows with new management contracts like we did at our Northeast Ohio and Crossroads facilities. As of December 31, 2021, one of the aforementioned six contracts, a contract with a government agency at our 2,672-bed Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility in Mississippi that allows the USMS to utilize available capacity, expires in June 2022. During 2021, we generated management revenue of $30.3 million from the USMS under this contract.
Our managed-only contract for the 1,030-bed Marion County Jail in Indianapolis, Indiana terminated and operations transitioned to Marion County effective January 31, 2022. Marion County constructed a replacement facility that became fully operational in January 2022. The County intends to redevelop the property where the Marion County Jail was located, and we received notice in the second quarter of 2021 that the County intended to terminate the contract effective December 31, 2021. The contract was subsequently amended and extended through January 31, 2022 to allow the County more time to prepare for the transition. As a result of this expected contract termination, during the second quarter of 2021, we recognized an asset impairment charge of $2.9 million for goodwill and other assets associated with this managed-only facility's reporting unit. During 2021 and 2020, facility net operating income, or facility revenues less operating expenses, from this contract was $3.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
Based on information available as of the date of this Annual Report, other than the previously mentioned contract with the USMS at our Tallahatchie facility and the contract with the BOP at our McRae facility, for which future utilization by the USMS and the BOP, respectively, is uncertain, and at the managed-only Marion County Jail, we believe we will renew all other contracts with our government partners that have expired or are scheduled to expire within the next twelve months that could have a material adverse impact on our financial statements. We believe our renewal rate on existing contracts remains high due to a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, the constrained supply of available beds within the U.S. correctional system, our ownership of the majority of the beds we operate, and the cost effectiveness of the services we provide. However, we cannot assure we will continue to achieve such renewal rates in the future.
CoreCivic Safety
CoreCivic Safety includes the operating results of the correctional and detention facilities that we operated during each period. Total revenue generated by CoreCivic Safety decreased $12.3 million, or 0.7%, from $1,706.2 million during 2020 to $1,694.0 million during 2021. CoreCivic Safety's facility net operating income increased $39.7 million, or 9.5%, from $417.3 million during 2020 to $457.0 million during 2021. During 2021 and 2020, CoreCivic Safety generated 85.5% and 82.2%, respectively, of our total segment net operating income.
The following table displays the revenue and expenses per compensated man-day for CoreCivic Safety's correctional and detention facilities placed into service that we own and manage and for the facilities we manage but do not own, inclusive of the transportation services provided by TransCor:
For the Years Ended December 31,
CoreCivic Safety Facilities:
Revenue per compensated man-day
$
91.32
$
86.09
Operating expenses per compensated man-day:
Fixed expense
48.01
47.68
Variable expense
18.67
17.35
Total
66.68
65.03
Operating income per compensated man-day
$
24.64
$
21.06
Operating margin
27.0
%
24.5
%
Average compensated occupancy
72.7
%
75.0
%
Average available beds
69,903
72,201
Average compensated population
50,822
54,153
As previously mentioned, the government's actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 were the primary reason for the reduction of average compensated occupancy in the CoreCivic Safety segment from 2020 to 2021. The improvement in operating margins during 2021 primarily resulted from a reduction in salaries and benefits, including as a result of reduced staffing levels during 2021 due to COVID-19 health and safety measures, including occupancy restrictions, labor shortages in many of our markets, and the absence of hero bonuses in 2021, which we paid in the second quarter of 2020, as previously described herein. Further, in an effort to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and at the direction of our government partners, we significantly reduced the level of movement within our facilities, enabling us to more efficiently manage our staffing. We intend to work with our government partners and follow national and local health standards in reinstating normal movement within our facilities. The improvement in operating margins also resulted from an increase in average revenue per compensated man-day during 2021 of 6.1% compared with 2020. Average revenue per compensated man-day increased as a result of the factors previously described herein. The factors contributing to an improvement in our operating margins were partially offset by the impact of lower occupancy levels. A combination of incremental staffing levels and higher wage rates in the future could result in a reduction to operating margins to the extent they are not offset by higher occupancy and per diem rates.
On September 15, 2020, we announced that we entered into a new contract under an IGSA between the city of Cushing, Oklahoma and the USMS to utilize our 1,600-bed Cimarron Correctional Facility. We had previously announced our intention to idle the Cimarron facility during the third quarter of 2020, predominantly due to a lower number of inmate populations from the state of Oklahoma resulting from COVID-19, combined with the consequential impact of COVID-19 on the State's budget. The new management contract commenced on September 15, 2020, and has an initial term of three years, with unlimited 24-month extension options thereafter upon mutual agreement. As of December 31, 2021, we cared for 1,213 USMS detainees at the Cimarron facility. During 2021, this facility generated facility net operating income of $8.8 million, and during 2020, this facility incurred a net operating loss of $1.4 million.
On January 9, 2020, we announced that we entered into a new emergency contract with the state of Mississippi to care for up to 375 of Mississippi's inmates at our Tallahatchie facility, to assist the State with significant challenges in its correctional system. The contract had a term of ninety days, which the State could extend for up to two additional ninety-day terms. The State subsequently expanded the contract to 1,000 inmates during the second quarter of 2020, and extended the contract through April 2021, but no longer needed the capacity and transferred the inmates back to the State during the first quarter of 2021. During 2021 and 2020, management revenue from this contract was $0.2 million and $12.8 million, respectively.
Effective August 1, 2019, we were awarded a new contract with the Kansas Department of Corrections, or KDOC, to care for offenders at our 1,896-bed Saguaro Correctional Facility in Arizona, where we also care for inmates from Hawaii and Nevada. We accepted 120 offenders from the KDOC in October 2019. During 2020, we generated $3.1 million of revenue from the KDOC under this contract. During the second quarter of 2020, this contract was extended through July 2021. However, due to available capacity in the state of Kansas, partially as a result of the completion of construction of our Lansing Correctional Facility, these inmates were returned to the State in December 2020. During the third quarter of 2020, we were also awarded a new contract with the Idaho Department of Correction, or IDOC, to care for up to 1,200 adult male offenders at the Saguaro facility. Subject to available capacity, we may also care for IDOC offenders at our 4,128-bed Central Arizona Florence Correctional Complex under terms of the contract. The new management contract with the IDOC commenced on August 18, 2020, and has an initial term of five years, with unlimited extension options thereafter upon mutual agreement. During 2021 and 2020, we generated $11.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively, of revenue from the IDOC under this contract. As of December 31, 2021, we cared for 476 IDOC offenders at our Saguaro facility.
In September 2020, the term of the amended IGSA between the city of Dilley, Texas and ICE to care for up to 2,400 individuals at our South Texas Family Residential Center, a facility we lease in Dilley, Texas, was extended from September 2021 to September 2026. ICE's termination rights, which permit ICE to terminate the agreement for convenience or non-appropriation of funds, without penalty, by providing us with at least a 60-day notice, were unchanged under the extension. As a result of extending the amortization period for the deferred revenue associated with the amended IGSA over the extended term of the agreement, the non-cash revenue associated with the amended IGSA decreased by approximately $2.7 million per quarter, from $3.4 million to $0.7 million, effective beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020. Concurrent with the extension of the amended IGSA, the lease with the third-party lessor for the site was also extended through September 2026. Other terms of the extended lease agreement were unchanged and provide us with the ability to terminate the lease if ICE terminates the amended IGSA associated with the facility.
During the third quarter of 2020, we provided notice to the local counties utilizing the Silverdale Detention Center and the Metro-Davidson County Detention Facility, both in Tennessee, of our intent to terminate the contracts at these managed-only facilities. We transitioned operations of the Metro facility in October 2020, and transitioned operations of the Silverdale facility in December 2020. During the time we operated these two facilities in 2020, they collectively incurred a net operating loss of $4.7 million. As a result of these expected contract terminations, during the second quarter of 2020, we also recognized goodwill impairments of $2.0 million associated with these two managed-only facilities' reporting units.
California Assembly Bill 32, or AB32, became effective January 1, 2020. AB32 generally prohibits new contracts and renewals of existing contracts between private, for-profit entities and government agencies for the operation of detention facilities within the state of California, and prohibits the utilization of detention centers operated by private, for-profit entities by the state of California effective January 1, 2028. AB32 does not apply to facilities leased from private, for-profit entities, such as our California City Correctional Center. The U.S. Government and The GEO Group, Inc. both filed lawsuits against the state of California challenging the enforceability of AB32 under applicable law. On October 8, 2020, US District Judge Janis Sammartino allowed AB32 to block future BOP and ICE contracts and renewals, while determining that AB32 could not block future USMS contracts and renewals. Judge Sammartino also acknowledged that the State has agreed it will not use AB32 to block federal, state, or local residential reentry center contracts. Both the U.S. Government and The GEO Group, Inc. appealed Judge Sammartino's ruling to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On October 3, 2021, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed Judge Sammartino’s decision, finding AB32 impermissibly interferes with the federal government’s operation of immigration detention. California has announced its intention to appeal. If the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decision is reversed and AB32 is implemented so as to prohibit ICE-contracted private detention facilities, the federal government could be prohibited from renewing its contract for us to operate our 1,994-bed Otay Mesa Detention Center, which is currently scheduled to expire in December 2024. A potential non-renewal of our contract to operate the Otay Mesa Detention Center could have a significant impact on our results of operations and cash flows at the time of non-renewal.
The Private Prison EO could have a negative impact on our future results of operations and cash flows, to the extent we are unable to replace the cash flows with new management contracts like we did at our Northeast Ohio and Crossroads facilities, as previously described herein. We had direct contracts with the USMS to care
for detainees at our 600-bed West Tennessee Detention Facility that expired on September 30, 2021 and was not renewed and our 1,033-bed Leavenworth Detention Center that expired on December 31, 2021 and was not renewed. We are actively marketing the West Tennessee and Leavenworth facilities to other government agencies, and in August 2021, we submitted a formal response to a government agency's request for proposal to utilize the West Tennessee facility. We are also currently in discussions with, and have submitted proposals to, other potential government partners to utilize the Leavenworth facility. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to reach an agreement for the utilization of the West Tennessee and Leavenworth facilities. During 2021 and 2020, the contract with the USMS at our West Tennessee facility generated management revenue of $14.7 million and $18.4 million, respectively. During the time the facility was active for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, the West Tennessee facility generated facility net operating income of $0.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the West Tennessee facility incurred a facility net operating loss of $1.4 million. During 2021 and 2020, the contract with the USMS at our Leavenworth facility generated management revenue of $36.4 million and $37.1 million, respectively, and generated facility net operating income of $4.8 million and $7.0 million, respectively.
In December 2021, we were awarded a new management contract from the state of Arizona for up to 2,706 inmates at our 3,060-bed La Palma Correctional Center in Arizona. The State will close an outdated public-sector prison and transfer the inmate populations to our La Palma facility. The transfer is expected to begin late in the first quarter or early in the second quarter of 2022, and is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2022. Before the new award, the La Palma facility supported the mission of ICE by caring for approximately 1,800 detainees. As the new contract with Arizona commences and state inmates are accepted at the facility, we are working closely with ICE to transfer their detainee populations to other facilities, including at facilities where we have available capacity within the region. We expect the transition of population from ICE detainees to inmates from the state of Arizona will result in the disruption of earnings and cash flows until the occupancy of inmates from the state of Arizona reaches stabilization. Upon full utilization of the new contract, we expect to generate approximately $75.0 million to $85.0 million in annualized revenue at the La Palma facility.
CoreCivic Community
CoreCivic Community includes the operating results of the residential reentry centers that we operated during each period, along with the operating results of our electronic monitoring and case management services. Total revenue generated by CoreCivic Community decreased $6.6 million, or 6.2%, from $106.0 million during 2020 to $99.4 million during 2021. CoreCivic Community's facility net operating income increased $0.7 million, or 4.3%, from $17.1 million during 2020 to $17.8 million during 2021. During 2021 and 2020, CoreCivic Community generated 3.3% and 3.4%, respectively, of our total segment net operating income.
The following table displays the revenue and expenses per compensated man-day for CoreCivic Community's residential reentry facilities placed into service that we own and manage, but exclusive of the electronic monitoring and case management services given that revenue is not generated on a per compensated man-day basis for these services:
For the Years Ended December 31,
CoreCivic Community Facilities:
Revenue per compensated man-day
$
63.40
$
61.67
Operating expenses per compensated man-day:
Fixed expense
38.46
39.11
Variable expense
8.76
8.64
Total
47.22
47.75
Operating income per compensated man-day
$
16.18
$
13.92
Operating margin
25.5
%
22.6
%
Average compensated occupancy
55.2
%
61.6
%
Average available beds
5,054
5,261
Average compensated population
2,791
3,239
The improvement in operating margins in the CoreCivic Community segment during 2021 primarily resulted from a reduction in salaries and benefits, including as a result of the absence of hero bonuses in 2021, which were paid in the second quarter of 2020, as previously described herein. The improvement in operating margins also resulted from an increase in average revenue per compensated man-day during 2021 of 2.8% compared with 2020. Average revenue per compensated man-day increased primarily as a result of per diem increases at several of our facilities. The factors contributing to an improvement in our operating margins were partially offset by the impact of lower occupancy levels. The average compensated population reduction was primarily driven by COVID-19, including a decline in utilization from the states of Oklahoma and Colorado because of COVID-19, which led to the consolidation of residents located in the respective states, and the closure of several of our residential reentry facilities. The 200-bed Oklahoma City Transitional Center in Oklahoma and the 60-bed Columbine Facility in Colorado closed in the second quarter of 2020, the 390-bed Tulsa Transitional Center in Oklahoma closed in the third quarter of 2020, and the 90-bed Ulster Facility in Colorado closed in the second quarter of 2021. We have entered into an agreement to sell the Ulster facility, which is expected to be sold in March 2022.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, the BOP awarded a new contract to us for residential reentry and home confinement services pursuant to a solicitation for capacity and services to be provided in the state of Oklahoma. As a result of this new contract, during the first quarter of 2021, we reactivated the Turley Residential Center, which closed during the second quarter of 2019, and provide the BOP additional reentry services at our owned and operated Oklahoma Reentry Opportunity Center, which supplements the existing utilization by the state of Oklahoma.
During the third quarter of 2020, Adams County, Colorado, notified us that, pursuant to a re-bid of the contract at the 184-bed Henderson Transitional Center, a facility we leased from the County, it awarded the contract to another operator. We transitioned operations to the other operator upon expiration of the contract in January 2021. During 2020, this facility generated facility net operating income of $0.7 million.
As previously described herein, during the fourth quarter of 2021, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement for our 120-bed Fox Facility and Training Center in Denver, Colorado, which was sold in February 2022. This facility generated a facility net operating loss of $0.2 million and $0.3 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Like the CoreCivic Safety segment, our CoreCivic Community segment has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of our government partners have transferred certain residents assigned to our reentry facilities to non-residential status, home confinement or early releases, to create additional space for enhanced social distancing within our reentry facilities. Additionally, similar to our CoreCivic Safety segment, the CoreCivic Community segment has been adversely impacted by the disruption in court hearings, resulting in a reduction in the number of referrals to our community facilities. However, it is possible that in the future, government agencies will increase the utilization of our community facilities or home confinement services, as an alternative to incarceration.
CoreCivic Properties
CoreCivic Properties includes the operating results of the properties we leased to third parties and that were used by government agencies during each period. Total revenue generated by CoreCivic Properties decreased $24.2 million, or 26.0%, from $93.1 million during 2020 to $68.9 million during 2021. CoreCivic Properties' facility net operating income decreased $14.2 million, or 21.8%, from $65.0 million during 2020 to $50.8 million during 2021. The decreases in total revenue and facility net operating income in 2021 were primarily the result of the portfolio of 42 properties we sold in December 2020 and the three actively leased properties we sold in the second quarter of 2021, both as further described hereafter. During 2021 and 2020, CoreCivic Properties generated 11.2% and 14.4%, respectively, of our total segment net operating income.
On December 9, 2019, we entered into a lease with the Commonwealth of Kentucky Department of Corrections, or KYDOC, for our previously idled 656-bed Southeast Correctional Complex in Wheelwright, Kentucky. The lease commenced July 1, 2020, has an initial term of ten years and includes five two-year renewal options. The KYDOC has the option to purchase the facility at its fair market value at any time during the term of the lease. Facility net operating income at the Southeast Correctional Complex increased $2.4 million from 2020 to 2021. This facility had previously been idle since 2012.
On January 2, 2020, we completed the acquisition of a portfolio of 28 properties, all of which were built-to-suit and leased to the federal government through the General Services Administration, or GSA, 24 of which the counter-party contributed to Government Real Estate Solutions, LLC, or GRES, a subsidiary we controlled. The 445,000 square foot portfolio serves numerous federal agencies, including primarily the Social Security Administration, or SSA, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Office of Hearings Operations. On December 23, 2020, we completed the sale of 42 non-core government-leased properties, including this portfolio of 28 properties, in a single transaction to a third party for an aggregate price of $106.5 million, generating net proceeds of $27.8 million after the repayment of non-recourse mortgage notes associated with some of the properties and other transaction-related costs. During 2020, these 42 properties generated facility net operating income of $9.3 million. After considering tax protection payments required to be paid to the contributing partners of GRES in connection with the sale, we reported a net loss on this sale of $17.9 million during the fourth quarter of 2020. During June 2021, we provided notice to the partners of GRES of our intent to distribute the remaining assets and terminate the partnership. During the third quarter of 2021, we distributed the remaining assets, terminated the partnership, and extinguished the operating partnership units for no consideration, which resulted in an increase to stockholders' equity upon termination of the partnership of $17.4 million. As part of the distribution of assets, we transferred the deed of an idled property located in Detroit, Michigan to the partners of GRES. The Detroit property was previously a government-leased property in our Properties segment.
On May 28, 2021, we completed the sale of two leased properties, the 277,000 square foot Capital Commerce Center, primarily leased to an agency of the State of Florida in Tallahassee, Florida, and a 217,000 square foot warehouse property leased to the GSA in Dayton, Ohio, in a single transaction to a third party for an aggregate price of $73.0 million, generating net proceeds of $46.2 million after the repayment of the debt related to the Capital Commerce Center and other transaction-related costs. In addition, on June 29, 2021, we completed the sale of a 541,000 square foot property leased to the GSA in Baltimore, Maryland to a third party for a price of $253.0 million, generating net proceeds of $76.4 million after the repayment of the debt related to the Baltimore property and other transaction-related costs. During our period of ownership in 2021 and 2020, these three properties generated facility net operating income of $9.5 million and $20.2 million, respectively. We reported an aggregate net gain on the sales of these three properties of $38.9 million during the second quarter of 2021.
As previously described herein, on May 24, 2021, we completed the sale of an idled 12,000 square foot non-core property located in St. Louis, Missouri, with a net book value of $0.8 million at the time of the sale, for net proceeds of $0.6 million. In addition, on June 25, 2021, we completed the sale of an idled 18,000 square foot non-core property, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a price of $2.0 million, generating net proceeds of $1.8 million. Net proceeds from the sales of these 47 properties, totaling $152.8 million after the repayment of non-recourse mortgage notes associated with some of these properties and other transaction-related costs, were used to pay down a portion of the amounts outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility.
On September 20, 2021, we entered into a three-year lease agreement with the state of New Mexico at our 596-bed Northwest New Mexico Correctional Center. We previously operated the Northwest New Mexico facility in our Safety segment under a contract with the state of New Mexico. We transitioned facility operations to the New Mexico Corrections Department upon commencement of the new lease agreement on November 1, 2021. We will retain responsibility for facility maintenance throughout the term of the lease. The new lease agreement includes extension options that could extend the term of the lease through October 31, 2041. The average annual rent for the initial three-year lease term is $3.2 million, including annual rent of $4.2 million in the second and third years of the lease, with annual escalators thereafter. During the time the facility operated in our Safety segment during 2021, the Northwest New Mexico facility generated revenue of $9.2 million and incurred a facility net operating loss of $2.3 million.
General and administrative expense
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, general and administrative expenses totaled $135.8 million and $124.3 million, respectively. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of corporate management salaries and benefits, professional fees, and other administrative expenses. General and administration expenses increased from the prior year primarily as a result of an increase in incentive compensation, partially offset by a decline in consulting and other fees related to the evaluation of our change in corporate tax structure from the prior year.
Depreciation and Amortization
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, depreciation and amortization expense totaled $134.7 million and $150.9 million, respectively. The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily due to the sale of 42 non-core government-leased properties in December 2020, as well as the sale of an additional three actively leased properties in the second quarter of 2021, each as previously described herein. Depreciation on the three properties sold in the second quarter 2021 had been suspended as they were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2020.
Contingent consideration for acquisition of businesses
As a result of better than estimated financial performance of two residential reentry centers acquired in 2019, during the third quarter of 2020, we recognized a charge of $0.6 million for the maximum contingent consideration estimated as owed to the seller associated with the acquisition. The contingent consideration was paid during the first quarter of 2021.
Shareholder litigation expense
On April 16, 2021, we reached an agreement in principle to settle a purported securities class action lawsuit that was filed on August 23, 2016 in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, or the District Court, captioned Grae v. Corrections Corporation of America et al. The monetary terms of the settlement included a payment of $56.0 million in return for a dismissal of the case with prejudice and a full release of all claims against all defendants. The settlement agreement, which was approved by the District Court on November 8, 2021, contains no admission of liability, wrongdoing, or responsibility by any of the defendants, including us. As a result of the settlement, we recognized an expense of $54.3 million during 2021, which was net of the remaining insurance available under the Company's policies.
Asset impairments
In February 2021, we entered into two 30-year lease agreements with the Alabama Department of Corrections, or ADOC, for the development of two correctional facilities in Alabama, which were subject to the successful completion of financing we were pursuing on behalf of the state of Alabama. Pursuant to the terms of the leases, ADOC staff would have operated both facilities, and we would have retained ownership of the facilities and been responsible for facility maintenance throughout the term of the leases. In the third quarter of 2021, we received notice from the state of Alabama of its decision to terminate the leases effective August 6, 2021 so that the State could pursue financing approval through the Alabama Legislature, and utilize COVID-19 relief funds potentially available to the State for prison construction. As a result of the lease terminations, during the third quarter of 2021, we reported asset impairment charges of $5.2 million for pre-development activities. Asset impairment charges during 2021 also include the aforementioned impairment of $2.9 million for goodwill and other assets associated with the anticipated termination of a managed-only contract in our Safety segment recognized during the second quarter of 2021, $1.3 million for the impairment of real estate assets recognized during the first quarter of 2021 for a facility in our Properties segment that was sold during the second quarter of 2021, and $2.0 million recognized during the fourth quarter of 2021 for the impairment of real estate for a facility in our Community segment that was classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2021.
Asset impairment charges in 2020 include the impairment of $44.6 million of goodwill related to our Community segment and two managed-only facilities in our Safety segment, $11.1 million for the impairment of real estate and other intangible assets for three facilities in our Community segment, $4.2 million of impairment charges for the abandonment of certain development costs and $0.7 million of other intangible assets associated with the cancellation of a lease in our Properties segment.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense was reported net of interest income and capitalized interest for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest, was $95.5 million and $93.5 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. Gross interest expense is based on outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, our Term Loan A, our Term Loan B, our outstanding senior notes, and our outstanding non-recourse mortgage notes, as well as the amortization of loan costs and unused facility fees. A decrease in gross interest expense resulting from a decrease in the average outstanding balance on our Revolving Credit Facility and the repayment of certain non-recourse mortgage notes, as further described hereafter, was offset by the interest expense associated with the issuance of 8.25% senior unsecured notes in April and September 2021, also as further described hereafter.
We have benefited from relatively low interest rates on our Bank Credit Facility (Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan A), which is largely based on the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR. Based on our total leverage ratio, borrowings under our Bank Credit Facility during 2020 and most of 2021 were at the base rate plus a margin of 0.50% or at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.50%, and a commitment fee equal to 0.35% of the unfunded balance. Based on our current total leverage ratio, borrowings under our Bank Credit Facility are at the base rate plus a margin of 0.25% or at LIBOR plus a margin of 1.25%, and a commitment fee equal to 0.30% of the unfunded balance. Our Bank Credit Facility matures in April 2023. We intend to pursue a new or amended credit facility in the short-term, which will use a different interest rate benchmark than LIBOR due to the phase-out of LIBOR by the Financial Conduct Authority. We currently expect the effective interest rate under a new or amended credit facility to increase, but do not yet know to what extent, which could depend on, among other things, the benchmark used as well as the interest rate spreads pursuant to the terms of such new or amended credit facility.
On January 2, 2020, we completed the acquisition of a portfolio of 28 properties, 24 of which the counter-party contributed to GRES, for total consideration of $83.2 million. In connection with the acquisition, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GRES, an unrestricted subsidiary we control, assumed $52.2 million of in-place financing. The assumed non-recourse mortgage notes, or collectively, the GRES Note, carried a fixed interest rate of 4.91% and required monthly principal and interest payments, with a balloon payment of $46.2 million due at maturity in November 2025. The GRES Note was fully-secured by the same 24 properties originally pledged as collateral at the time the debt was issued. The GRES Note was fully repaid as part of the sale of 42 non-core government-leased properties, including this portfolio of 28 properties, in December 2020, as previously described herein.
The 2018 acquisition of the Capital Commerce Center located in Tallahassee, Florida was partially financed with a non-recourse mortgage note, or the Capital Commerce Note, which was fully-secured by the Capital Commerce property. The Capital Commerce Note carried a fixed interest rate of 4.5%, required monthly principal and interest payments, and was scheduled to mature in January 2033. The Capital Commerce Note was fully repaid as part of the sale of the Capital Commerce Center on May 28, 2021.
In connection with the acquisition of the SSA-Baltimore office building in 2018, a wholly-owned unrestricted subsidiary of ours assumed $157.3 million of in-place financing. The assumed non-recourse mortgage note, or the SSA Baltimore Note, carried a fixed interest rate of 4.5% and required monthly principal and interest payments, with a balloon payment of $40.0 million due at maturity in February 2034. The SSA-Baltimore Note was fully-secured by the SSA-Baltimore property. The SSA-Baltimore Note was fully repaid as part of the sale of the SSA-Baltimore property on June 29, 2021.
On April 14, 2021, we completed an underwritten registered offering of $450.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.25% senior unsecured notes due 2026, or the Original 8.25% Senior Notes, which are guaranteed by our existing and future subsidiaries that guarantee the Bank Credit Facility. The Original 8.25% Senior Notes were priced at 99.0% of face value and as a result have an effective yield to maturity of 8.50%. We used a significant amount of the net proceeds from the offering of the Original 8.25% Senior Notes (i) to redeem all of our $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.0% senior unsecured notes due 2022, or the 5.0% Senior Notes, including the payment of the applicable "make-whole" redemption amount of $15.5 million and accrued interest, and (ii) to repurchase $149.0 million of our $350.0 million principal amount of 4.625% senior unsecured notes due 2023, or the 4.625% Senior Notes, at an aggregate purchase price of $151.2 million in privately negotiated transactions, reducing the outstanding balance of the 4.625% Senior Notes to $201.0 million. In the second and fourth quarters of 2021, we purchased an additional aggregate $27.3 million of our 4.625% Senior Notes at par in open market purchases, further reducing the outstanding balance of the 4.625% Senior Notes to $173.7 million. The "make-
whole" redemption amount paid in connection with the redemption of the 5.0% Senior Notes and the aggregate price paid for the 4.625% Senior Notes in excess of the principal amount of the notes repurchased resulted in charges of approximately $19.2 million during the second quarter of 2021, including costs associated with the repurchases and the proportionate write-off of existing debt issuance costs. The remaining net proceeds were used to pay down a portion of the amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and for general corporate purposes. We experienced increased interest expense during 2021 related to the continued accrual of interest related to the 5.0% Senior Notes until the redemption date on May 14, 2021, thereby incurring interest expense on both the Original 8.25% Senior Notes and the 5.0% Senior Notes for the 30-day notice period for redemption commencing on April 14, 2021.
On September 29, 2021, we completed an underwritten registered tack-on offering of $225.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.25% Senior Notes due 2026, or the Additional 8.25% Senior Notes at an issue price of 102.25% of their aggregate principal amount, plus accrued interest from the April 14, 2021 issue date for the Original 8.25% Senior Notes, resulting in an effective yield to maturity of 7.65% for the Additional 8.25% Senior Notes. The Additional 8.25% Senior Notes and the Original 8.25% Senior Notes, or, collectively, 8.25% Senior Notes, constitute a single class of securities and have identical terms, other than issue date and issue price. The issuance of the Additional 8.25% Senior Notes increased the total aggregate principal amount of the 8.25% Senior Notes outstanding to $675.0 million. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Additional 8.25% Senior Notes totaled approximately $225.5 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses and including the original issuance premium. We used the net proceeds from the offering of the Additional 8.25% Senior Notes to pay down our Revolving Credit Facility and for general corporate purposes. Further, in October 2021, we repaid $90.0 million of the outstanding balance on our Term Loan B.
Issuance of the $675.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 8.25% Senior Notes is expected to result in an increase in interest expense because of an increase in the interest rate applicable to our outstanding debt. The increase in interest expense is expected to be partially offset by the repayment of $90.0 million of the outstanding balance of the Term Loan B during October 2021. The repayment was made using cash on hand and was made in accordance with the terms of the Term Loan B.
Gross interest income was $10.0 million and $10.2 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. Gross interest income is earned on notes receivable, investments, cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Interest income also includes interest income associated with the 20-year finance receivable associated with the Lansing Correctional Facility lease to the KDOC, which commenced in January 2020, and amounted to $8.8 million and $8.4 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. Total capitalized interest was $0.4 million and $0.5 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Expenses associated with debt repayments and refinancing transactions
As previously described, during the second quarter of 2021, we completed the sales of three non-core actively leased properties in two separate transactions for a collective aggregate price of $326.0 million, generating total net proceeds of $122.6 million after the repayment of two non-recourse mortgage notes associated with two of the properties and other transaction-related costs. In connection with the sales, we incurred charges of $32.5 million associated with the prepayment of the two non-recourse mortgage notes and non-cash charges of $0.5 million associated with the write-off of existing debt issuance costs. Expenses associated with debt repayments and refinancing transactions during the second quarter of 2021 also included $19.2 million associated with the redemption of the 5.0% Senior Notes originally due in October 2022, as well as the aggregate price paid for the 4.625% Senior Notes in excess of the principal amount of the 4.625% Senior Notes repurchased, costs associated with the repurchases, and the proportionate write-off of existing debt issuance costs. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we also reported a charge of $4.1 million for the pro-rata write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and the original issue discount associated with the repayment of $90.0 million of the outstanding balance of the Term Loan B in October 2021.
As previously described, on December 23, 2020, we completed the sale of 42 non-core government-leased properties in a single transaction to a third party for an aggregate price of $106.5 million, generating net proceeds of $27.8 million after the repayment of non-recourse mortgage notes associated with some of the properties and other transaction-related costs. In connection with the sale, we incurred a debt defeasance cost of $10.5 million associated
with the prepayment of the non-recourse mortgage notes. This defeasance charge was partially offset by the reversal of a corresponding intangible debt liability, which was recorded upon acquiring the debt in January 2020, and was derecognized upon the repayment of the debt in December 2020 upon sale of the properties.
Income tax expense
During the years we elected REIT status, we were entitled to a deduction for dividends paid, resulting in a substantial reduction in the amount of federal income tax expense we recognize. Substantially all of our income tax expense during the years we elected REIT status was incurred based on the earnings generated by our TRSs, and our overall effective tax rate was based on the taxable income primarily generated by our TRSs.
On August 5, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors, or BOD, unanimously approved a plan to revoke our REIT election and become a taxable C Corporation, effective January 1, 2021. As a result, we are no longer required to operate under REIT rules, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders, which provides us with greater flexibility to use our free cash flow. We continued to operate as a REIT for the remainder of the 2020 tax year, and existing REIT requirements and limitations, including those established by our organizational documents, remained in place until January 1, 2021. Effective January 1, 2021, we are subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at applicable tax rates, and are no longer entitled to a tax deduction for dividends paid. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, our financial statements reflected an income tax expense of $138.0 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Income tax expense for 2021 included $114.2 million primarily resulting from the revaluation of our net deferred tax liabilities due to the completion of all significant actions necessary to revoke our REIT election. Income tax expense related to operations for 2021 was partially offset by an income tax benefit of $21.2 million associated with asset impairments, the settlement agreement reached on April 16, 2021 in connection with the shareholder litigation, and expenses associated with debt repayments and refinancing transactions, net of an income tax expense associated with the gain on sale of real estate assets.
Income tax expense during 2020 included $3.1 million that had been deferred during the construction period of our Lansing Correctional Facility, which was owned by a TRS of ours until it converted to a qualified REIT subsidiary, or QRS, upon completion of construction in the first quarter of 2020. Because ownership of this facility reverts to the state of Kansas upon expiration of the twenty-year lease, the construction and subsequent lease of the facility to the State was a deemed sale for federal and state income tax purposes. The gain on sale was reported as a deferred tax asset based on the percentage of completion method over the construction period. This deferred tax asset was revalued to zero upon conversion of the TRS to a QRS.
Our effective tax rate could fluctuate in the future based on changes in estimates of taxable income, the implementation of additional tax planning strategies, changes in federal or state tax rates or laws affecting tax credits available to us, changes in other tax laws, changes in estimates related to uncertain tax positions, or changes in state apportionment factors, as well as changes in the valuation allowance applied to our deferred tax assets that are based primarily on the amount of state net operating losses and tax credits that could expire unused.
Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2019
Pursuant to Regulation S-K item 303, a detailed review of our performance for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to our performance for the year ended December 31, 2019 is set forth in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 22, 2021.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal capital requirements are for working capital, capital expenditures, and debt service payments, as well as outstanding commitments and contingencies, as further discussed in the notes to our financial statements.
As a result of the BOD decision to revoke our REIT election and become a taxable C Corporation effective January 1, 2021, we are no longer required to operate under REIT rules, including the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders, which will provide us with greater flexibility to use our free cash flow.
Effective January 1, 2021, we are subject to federal and state income taxes on our taxable income at applicable tax rates, and are no longer entitled to a tax deduction for dividends paid. However, we believe this conversion in corporate tax structure will improve our overall credit profile and lower our overall cost of capital, as we are able to allocate our free cash flow toward the repayment of debt, which may include the purchase of our outstanding debt in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any such debt repurchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual requirements, applicable securities laws requirements, and other factors. Following our first priority of utilizing free cash flow to reduce debt, we expect to allocate a substantial portion of our free cash flow to returning capital to our shareholders, which could include share repurchases and future dividends. Any future dividend is subject to the BOD's determinations as to the amount of distributions and the timing thereof, as well as limitations under the Company's debt covenants. We were not able to implement a meaningful share repurchase program under the REIT structure without increasing our debt because a substantial portion of our free cash flow was required to satisfy the distribution requirements under the REIT structure. We will also pursue attractive growth opportunities, including new development opportunities in our Properties segment to meet the need to modernize outdated correctional infrastructure across the country, and explore potential opportunities to expand the scope of non-residential correctional alternatives we provide in our Community segment that were not available under the REIT structure. As a REIT, we depended on the capital markets to provide resources we could deploy toward acquisition and development opportunities. This capital was not always available to us and came at an increasing cost. The revocation of our REIT election provides us with significantly more liquidity and financial flexibility, which will enable us to reduce our reliance on the capital markets and reduce the size of our Bank Credit Facility in the future.
With the extensively aged criminal justice infrastructure in the U.S. today, we believe we can bring real estate and financing solutions to government agencies like we did in connection with the construction of the Lansing Correctional Facility that was brought online in January 2020. We believe we can also provide other real estate solutions to government agencies faced with extensively aged criminal justice infrastructure, including "turn-key" solutions like those we will provide to the state of Arizona in connection with a new contract awarded to us during the fourth quarter of 2021 at our La Palma Correctional Center, as well as real estate only solutions to government agencies that need correctional capacity where they prefer to perform the operations. We financed the construction of the Lansing Correctional Facility 100% with project specific financing, requiring no equity commitment from us. We do not expect to incur material capital expenditures for the award from the state of Arizona, and most real estate only solutions would not require material capital expenditures if we have existing capacity. However, in the future we could incur capital expenditures to provide replacement capacity for government agencies that have extensively aged criminal justice infrastructure and are in need of new capacity.
As of December 31, 2021, our liquidity was provided by cash on hand of $299.6 million, and $786.1 million available under our Revolving Credit Facility. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we generated $263.2 million and $355.5 million, respectively, in cash through operating activities. We currently expect to be able to meet our cash expenditure requirements for the next year and beyond utilizing cash on hand, cash flows from operations, and availability under our Revolving Credit Facility or a new or amended credit facility. Some banks that are party to our Bank Credit Facility have announced that they do not expect to continue to provide credit or financial services to private entities that own or operate correctional and detention facilities, including CoreCivic, or to otherwise participate in the provision of credit or financial services in connection with the development or operation of correctional and detention facilities that are associated with private companies. The banks that are currently parties to the Bank Credit Facility are obligated to honor their commitments under our Bank Credit Facility, which expires in April 2023. These decisions have currently affected the capital markets for our securities, and we can provide no assurance that additional banks that are party to our Bank Credit Facility will not make similar decisions, or that new banks will be willing to become party to our Bank Credit Facility, or that the capital markets for our securities will improve. As previously mentioned, upon our revocation of our REIT election, we believe we will not be as reliant on the Revolving Credit Facility under the Bank Credit Facility or any new or amended credit facility, as we will be able to retain our cash flows to use at our general discretion and, therefore, believe we can operate with a smaller Bank Credit Facility. Following the completion of the offering of the Original 8.25% Senior Notes and redemption of our 5.0% Senior Notes in the second quarter of 2021, we have no debt maturities beyond the Bank Credit Facility until May 2023, when $173.7 million of the 4.625% Senior Notes matures. We currently anticipate that we will have sufficient liquidity to repay the 4.625% Senior Notes upon maturity.
Our cash flow is subject to the receipt of sufficient funding of and timely payment by contracting governmental entities. If the appropriate governmental agency does not receive sufficient appropriations to cover its contractual obligations, it may terminate our contract or delay or reduce payment to us. Delays in payment from our major customers or the termination of contracts from our major customers could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and financial condition. Although our revenue has been negatively impacted by COVID-19, we have not experienced any unusual delays in payments from our major customers.
Debt and equity
As of December 31, 2021, we had $173.7 million principal amount of unsecured notes outstanding with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.625%, $250.0 million principal amount of unsecured notes outstanding with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.75%, and $675.0 million principal amount of unsecured notes outstanding with a fixed stated interest rate of 8.25%. In addition, we had $154.5 million outstanding under the Kansas Notes with a fixed stated interest rate of 4.43%, $170.0 million outstanding under our Term Loan A with a variable interest rate of 1.4%, and $128.8 million outstanding under our Term Loan B with a variable interest rate of 5.5%. There was no amount outstanding under our Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, our total weighted average effective interest rate was 6.5%, while our total weighted average maturity was 5.1 years.
As previously described, during 2021, we issued $675.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.25% Senior Notes in two separate transactions, resulting in combined net proceeds of approximately $660.6 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses and including the original net issuance discount. The 8.25% Senior Notes were offered pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3ASR, which became effective on April 6, 2021. We used the net proceeds to (i) redeem all of our $250.0 million 5.0% Senior Notes, including the payment of the applicable "make-whole" redemption amount of $15.5 million and accrued interest, (ii) repurchase $176.3 million of our 4.625% Senior Notes, at an aggregate purchase price of $178.5 million in privately negotiated transactions, reducing the outstanding balance of the 4.625% Senior Notes to $173.7 million, (iii) pay down a portion of the amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and (iv) for general corporate purposes. Further, in October 2021, we repaid $90.0 million of the outstanding balance of our Term Loan B.
The 2018 acquisition of the Capital Commerce Center located in Tallahassee, Florida was partially financed with the Capital Commerce Note, which was fully-secured by the Capital Commerce property. The Capital Commerce Note carried a fixed interest rate of 4.5%, required monthly principal and interest payments, and was scheduled to mature in January 2033. The Capital Commerce Note was fully repaid as part of the sale of the Capital Commerce Center on May 28, 2021, as previously described herein.
In connection with the acquisition of the SSA-Baltimore office building in 2018, a wholly-owned unrestricted subsidiary of ours assumed $157.3 million of in-place financing. The SSA Baltimore Note carried a fixed interest rate of 4.5% and required monthly principal and interest payments, with a balloon payment of $40.0 million due at maturity in February 2034. The SSA-Baltimore Note was fully-secured by the SSA-Baltimore property. The SSA-Baltimore Note was fully repaid as part of the sale of the SSA-Baltimore property on June 29, 2021, as previously described herein.
On August 25, 2021, we terminated our Amended and Restated ATM Equity Offering Sales Agreement, or ATM Agreement, with multiple sales agents, which permitted us to offer and sell to or through the agents, from time to time, shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $200.0 million. No sales of our common stock were made under the ATM Agreement. During the third quarter of 2021, we decided to terminate the ATM Agreement in connection with the expiration of the registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-227078) that we filed with the SEC on August 28, 2018 because we had no plans to issue shares of our common stock.
Facility transactions, development, and capital expenditures
On December 23, 2020, we completed the sale of 42 non-core government-leased properties in a single transaction to a third party for an aggregate price of $106.5 million, generating net proceeds of $27.8 million after the repayment of the GRES Note, which was associated with some of the properties, and other transaction-related costs.
During the second quarter of 2021 and in two separate transactions, we completed the sales of an additional three non-core actively leased properties to third parties for an aggregate price of $326.0 million, generating net proceeds of $122.6 million after the repayments of the Capital Commerce Note and the SSA-Baltimore Note, and other transaction-related costs. These assets were previously classified as held for sale. Also during the second quarter of 2021, we completed the sale of two idle properties for an aggregate price of $2.7 million, generating net proceeds of $2.4 million after transaction-related costs.
With the successful consummation of the sale of these assets, we generated net proceeds from our sales of these 47 non-core assets of $152.8 million after the repayment of mortgage debt associated with some of the properties and other transaction-related costs. We used the net proceeds from these property sales to pay down a portion of the amounts outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility, accelerating our debt reduction and revised capital allocation strategy announced in August 2020.
Although disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, several of our existing federal and state partners, as well as prospective state partners, had been experiencing growth in offender populations and overcrowded conditions, as well as an increase in violent crime. Governments are now assessing their need for correctional space in light of COVID-19, and several are considering alternative correctional capacity for their aged or inefficient infrastructure, or are seeking cost savings by utilizing the private sector. Competing budget priorities, which will likely become more challenging because of COVID-19, often impede our customers' ability to construct new prison beds of their own or update their older facilities, which we believe could result in further need for private sector prison capacity solutions in the long-term. Over the long-term, we would like to see meaningful utilization of our available capacity and better visibility from our customers into their potential future needs before we develop new prison capacity on a speculative basis. We will, however, respond to customer demand and may develop or expand correctional and detention facilities when we believe potential long-term returns justify the capital deployment.
Operating Activities
Our net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $263.2 million compared with $355.5 million in 2020. Cash provided by operating activities represents our net income (loss) plus depreciation and amortization, changes in various components of working capital, various non-cash charges, and partially offset in 2021 by the cash payments required to settle the shareholder litigation, as described herein.
Investing Activities
Our cash flow provided by investing activities was $238.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and was primarily attributable to $320.8 million in net proceeds from the sale of assets, partially offset by capital expenditures for facility development and expansions of $18.6 million and $62.3 million for facility maintenance and information technology capital expenditures.
Our cash flow provided by investing activities was $13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and was primarily attributable to $113.6 million in net proceeds from the sale of assets, partially offset by capital expenditures for facility development and expansions of $27.6 million and $56.2 million for facility maintenance and information technology capital expenditures. Our cash flow provided by investing activities was also net of $8.8 million primarily attributable to the acquisition of the aforementioned portfolio of 28 properties in January 2020.
Financing Activities
Cash flow used in financing activities was $327.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and was primarily attributable to net repayments under our Revolving Credit Facility of $219.0 million. In addition, cash flow used in financing activities included $35.3 million of scheduled principal repayments under our Term Loan A, Term Loan B, and non-recourse mortgage notes, as well as $516.4 million for the aforementioned repayments of senior notes and our Term Loan B, $161.9 million for the repayment of non-recourse mortgage notes in connection with the aforementioned sale of assets, and $65.0 million for debt defeasance, issuance, and other refinancing and related costs. Cash flow used in financing activities also included $1.0 million of contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of a business acquired in 2019 and $1.6 million for the purchase and retirement of common stock that was issued in connection with equity-based compensation. These payments were partially offset by the $445.5 million of gross proceeds from the aforementioned issuance of the Original 8.25% Senior Notes that were issued in the second quarter of 2021 at a 99.0% discount of face value and the $230.1 million of gross proceeds from the aforementioned issuance of the Additional 8.25% Senior Notes that were issued in the third quarter of 2021 at a 102.25% premium of face value.
Cash flow used in financing activities was $350.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and was primarily attributable to net repayments under our Revolving Credit Facility of $146.0 million, dividend payments of $106.0 million and $3.6 million for the purchase and retirement of common stock that was issued in connection with equity-based compensation. In addition, cash flow used in financing activities included $32.3 million of scheduled principal repayments under our Term Loan A, Term Loan B, and non-recourse mortgage notes, as well as $51.3 million for the defeasance of non-recourse mortgage notes in connection with the aforementioned sale of assets and other refinancing related costs.
Supplemental Guarantor Information
On March 2, 2020, the SEC adopted final rules that amended and simplified the financial disclosure requirements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities under Rules 3-10 and 3-16 of SEC Regulation S-X. The rules permit registrants to provide certain alternative financial disclosures and non-financial disclosures in lieu of separate consolidating financial statements for subsidiary issuers and guarantors of registered debt securities (which we previously included within the notes to our financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q) if certain conditions are met. Although the disclosures required by the amendments did not become mandatory until January 4, 2021, voluntary early compliance was permitted. We elected to voluntarily comply beginning with the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020.
All of the domestic subsidiaries of CoreCivic (as the parent corporation) that guarantee the Credit Agreements have provided full and unconditional guarantees of our 4.625% senior notes due 2023, 8.25% senior notes due 2026, and 4.75% senior notes due 2027, collectively referred to as our Senior Notes. All of CoreCivic's subsidiaries guaranteeing the Senior Notes are 100% owned direct or indirect subsidiaries of CoreCivic; and the subsidiary guarantees are full and unconditional and are joint and several obligations of the guarantors.
As of December 31, 2021, neither CoreCivic nor any of its subsidiary guarantors had any material or significant restrictions on CoreCivic's ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan or to transfer assets from such subsidiaries.
The indentures governing our Senior Notes contain certain customary covenants that, subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, restrict CoreCivic's ability to, among other things, create or permit to exist certain liens and consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of CoreCivic's assets. In addition, if CoreCivic experiences specific kinds of changes in control, CoreCivic must offer to repurchase all or a portion of the Senior Notes. The offer price for the Senior Notes in connection with a change in control would be 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the notes repurchased to the date of purchase. The indenture related to our 8.25% senior notes due 2026 additionally limits our ability to incur indebtedness, make restricted payments and investments and prepay certain indebtedness.
The following tables present summarized information for CoreCivic and the subsidiary guarantors, on a combined basis after elimination of (i) intercompany transactions and balances among CoreCivic and the subsidiary guarantors and (ii) equity in earnings from, and any investments in, any subsidiary that is a non-guarantor (in thousands).
December 31,
Current assets
$
531,626
$
469,331
Real estate and related assets
2,502,135
2,572,112
Other assets
224,277
266,126
Total non-current assets
2,726,412
2,838,238
Current liabilities
237,795
188,023
Long-term debt, net
1,344,606
1,457,913
Other liabilities
293,456
234,806
Total long-term liabilities
1,638,062
1,692,719
For the Years Ended December 31,
Revenue
$
1,848,315
$
1,869,689
Operating expenses
1,332,248
1,393,795
Other expenses
336,084
323,788
Total expenses
1,668,332
1,717,583
Income before income taxes
60,543
85,083
Net income (loss)
(77,456
)
83,783
Net income (loss) attributable to common
stockholders
(77,456
)
83,783
Funds from Operations
Funds From Operations, or FFO, is a widely accepted supplemental non-GAAP measure utilized to evaluate the operating performance of real estate companies. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, defines FFO as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of property and extraordinary items, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate and impairment of depreciable real estate and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures calculated to reflect funds from operations on the same basis. We believe FFO is an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs and other real estate operating companies, many of which present FFO when reporting results.
We also present Normalized FFO as an additional supplemental measure as we believe it is more reflective of our core operating performance. We may make adjustments to FFO from time to time for certain other income and expenses that we consider non-recurring, infrequent or unusual, even though such items may require cash settlement, because such items do not reflect a necessary or ordinary component of our ongoing operations. Normalized FFO excludes the effects of such items.
FFO and Normalized FFO are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of real estate companies' operating performance, which do not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and therefore should not be considered an alternative for net income or as a measure of liquidity. Our method of calculating FFO and Normalized FFO may be different from methods used by other REITs and real estate operating companies and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such REITs and other real estate operating companies.
Our reconciliation of net income to FFO and Normalized FFO for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
For the Years Ended December 31,
FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS:
Net income (loss)
$
(51,896
)
$
55,338
$
188,886
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets
98,738
112,046
107,402
Impairment of real estate assets
3,335
14,380
4,428
Loss (gain) on sale of real estate assets, net
(38,766
)
13,023
(287
)
Income tax expense for special items
8,785
-
Funds From Operations
20,196
195,319
300,429
Expenses associated with debt repayments
and refinancing transactions
56,279
7,141
Expenses associated with mergers and acquisitions
-
1,132
Contingent consideration for acquisition of businesses
-
-
Expenses associated with COVID-19
2,434
13,777
-
Expenses associated with changes in corporate
tax structure
-
5,240
-
Income taxes associated with change in corporate
tax structure and other special tax items
114,249
3,085
-
Start-up expenses
-
-
9,480
Shareholder litigation expense
54,295
-
-
Goodwill and other impairments
8,043
46,248
Income tax benefit for special items
(30,012
)
-
-
Normalized Funds From Operations
$
225,484
$
271,768
$
311,921
Material Cash Requirements
The following table summarizes our material cash requirements related to borrowings, contracts and leases by the indicated period as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
Payments Due By Year Ending December 31,
Thereafter
Total
Long-term debt
$
35,376
$
354,796
$
96,597
$
5,823
$
681,326
$
378,014
$
1,551,932
Interest on senior and mortgage notes
82,378
78,161
73,922
73,677
45,567
54,852
408,557
Contractual facility developments and
other commitments
3,690
-
-
-
-
-
3,690
South Texas Family Residential Center
51,421
51,421
51,562
51,421
38,460
-
244,285
Leases
4,553
4,150
4,164
4,160
4,103
18,470
39,600
Total
$
177,418
$
488,528
$
226,245
$
135,081
$
769,456
$
451,336
$
2,248,064
The cash obligations in the table above do not include future cash obligations for variable interest expense associated with our Term Loan A, Term Loan B or the balance on our outstanding Revolving Credit Facility, if any, as projections would be based on future outstanding balances as well as future variable interest rates, and we are unable to make reliable estimates of either. We have two renovation projects, totaling approximately $23.0 million, with $9.0 million remaining to be incurred as of December 31, 2021, for which we have entered into a contract with a customer that obligates us to complete the projects. However, the federal government has agreed to reimburse us over a twelve-month period for these two projects. Certain of our other ongoing construction projects are not
currently under contract and thus are not included as a contractual obligation above as we may generally suspend or terminate such projects without substantial penalty. With respect to the South Texas Family Residential Center, the cash obligations included in the table above reflect the full contractual obligations of the lease of the site, excluding contingent payments, even though the lease agreement provides us with the ability to terminate if ICE terminates the amended IGSA associated with the facility.
We had $13.9 million of letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2021 primarily to support our requirement to repay fees and claims under our self-insured workers' compensation plan in the event we do not repay the fees and claims due in accordance with the terms of the plan, and for a debt service reserve requirement under terms of the Kansas Notes. The letters of credit are renewable annually. We did not have any draws under these outstanding letters of credit during 2021, 2020, or 2019.
INFLATION
Many of our contracts include provisions for inflationary indexing, which may mitigate an adverse impact of inflation on net income. However, a substantial increase in personnel costs, workers' compensation or food and medical expenses could have an adverse impact on our results of operations in the future to the extent that these expenses increase at a faster pace than the per diem or fixed rates we receive for our management services. As previously described herein, we have experienced increases in personnel costs and expect the labor market to remain challenging, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. We outsource our food service operations to a third party. The contract with our outsourced food service vendor contains certain protections against increases in food costs.
SEASONALITY AND QUARTERLY RESULTS
Certain aspects of our business are subject to seasonal fluctuations. Because we are generally compensated for operating and managing correctional, detention, and reentry facilities at a per diem rate, our financial results are impacted by the number of calendar days in a fiscal quarter. Our fiscal year follows the calendar year and therefore, our daily profits for the third and fourth quarters include two more days than the first quarter (except in leap years) and one more day than the second quarter. Further, salaries and benefits represent the most significant component of operating expenses. Significant portions of our unemployment taxes are recognized during the first quarter, when base wage rates reset for unemployment tax purposes. Quarterly results are also affected by government funding initiatives, acquisitions, the timing of the opening of new facilities, or the commencement of new management contracts and related start-up expenses which may mitigate or exacerbate the impact of other seasonal influences. Because of seasonality factors, and other factors described herein, results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for the full fiscal year.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Our primary market risk exposure is to changes in U.S. interest rates. We are exposed to market risk related to our Revolving Credit Facility, Term Loan A and Term Loan B because the interest rates on these loans are subject to fluctuations in the market. If the interest rate for our outstanding indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Term Loan A, and the Term Loan B was 100 basis points higher or lower (but not less than 0%) during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, our interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, would have been increased by $3.0 million, $8.0 million, and $5.0 million, respectively, and would have been decreased by $0.3 million, $3.4 million, and $5.0 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding $173.7 million of senior notes due 2023 with a fixed interest rate of 4.625%, $675.0 million of senior notes due 2026 with a fixed interest rate of 8.25%, and $250.0 million of senior notes due 2027 with a fixed interest rate of 4.75%. We also had $154.5 million outstanding under the Kansas Notes with a fixed interest rate of 4.43%. Because the interest rates with respect to these instruments are fixed, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in market interest rates would not have a material impact on our financial statements.
We may, from time to time, invest our cash in a variety of short-term financial instruments. These instruments generally consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less. While these investments are subject to interest rate risk and will decline in value if market interest rates increase, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in market interest rates would not materially affect the value of these instruments. See the risk factor discussion captioned "Rising interest rates would increase the cost of our variable rate debt" under Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more discussion on interest rate risks that may affect our financial condition.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The financial statements and supplementary data required by Regulation S-X are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K commencing on Page.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Management's Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on that evaluation, our officers, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(i)
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
(ii)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
(iii)
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework released in 2013. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2021, the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The Company's independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an attestation report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. That report begins on page 94.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of CoreCivic, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited CoreCivic, Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, CoreCivic, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 2021 consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated February 18, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Nashville, Tennessee
February 18, 2022

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
The information required by this Item 10 will appear in, and is hereby incorporated by reference from, the information under the headings "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors-Incumbent Directors Standing for Re-Election," "Executive Officers" "Corporate Governance - Board Meetings and Committees," "Corporate Governance - Director Independence,” "Corporate Governance - Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions," and "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management - Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct applicable to the members of our Board of Directors and our officers, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. In addition, the Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines and charters for our Audit Committee, Risk Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee and Executive Committee. You can access our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, Corporate Governance Guidelines and current committee charters under the "Investor Relations" tab on our website at www.corecivic.com.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The information required by this Item 11 will appear in, and is hereby incorporated by reference from, the information under the headings "Executive and Director Compensation" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The information required by this Item 12 will appear in, and is hereby incorporated by reference from, the information under the heading "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management - Ownership of Common Stock - Directors and Executive Officers," and "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management - Ownership of Common Stock - Principal Stockholders" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2021 regarding compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance.
Plan Category
(a)
Number of
Securities
to be Issued
Upon Exercise
of Outstanding
Options
(b)
Weighted -
Average
Exercise Price
of Outstanding
Options
(c)
Number of
Securities
Remaining
Available
for Future
Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation
Plans (Excluding
Securities
Reflected in
Column
(a))
Equity compensation plans approved by
stockholders
300,741
$
22.77
2,812,906
(1)
Equity compensation plans not approved by
stockholders
-
-
-
Total
300,741
$
22.77
2,812,906
(1)
Reflects shares of common stock available for issuance under our 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, the only equity compensation plan approved by our stockholders under which we continue to grant awards.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
The information required by this Item 13 will appear in, and is hereby incorporated by reference from, the information under the heading "Corporate Governance - Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" and "Corporate Governance - Director Independence" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
The information required by this Item 14 will appear in, and is hereby incorporated by reference from, the information under the heading "Proposal 2 - Non-Binding Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
PART IV.

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
(1)
Financial Statements:
The financial statements as set forth under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been filed herewith, beginning on page of this Annual Report.
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules:
Schedule III-Real Estate Assets and Accumulated Depreciation.
Information with respect to this item begins on page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is given in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(3)
Exhibits:
The following exhibits marked with an * are filed herewith. Exhibits marked with ** are furnished herewith. Other exhibits have previously been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") and are incorporated herein by reference:
3.1
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 20, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
3.2
Articles of Amendment of the Company (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on November 10, 2016 and incorporated herein by this reference).
3.3
Ninth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (previously filed as Exhibit 3.3 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 22, 2018 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.1
Specimen of certificate representing shares of the Company's Common Stock (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on November 10, 2016 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.2
Indenture (2023 Notes), dated as of April 4, 2013, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on April 8, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.3
Indenture (2022 Notes and 2027 Notes), dated as of September 25, 2015, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on September 25, 2015 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.4
Form of 4.625% Senior Note due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 hereof).
4.5
Form of 5.00% Senior Note due 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.9 hereof).
4.6
Form of 4.75% Senior Note due 2027 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.10 hereof).
4.7
Form of 8.25% Senior Note due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.19 hereof).
4.8
Supplemental Indenture (2023 Notes), dated as of September 4, 2013, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on November 7, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.9
First Supplemental Indenture (2022 Notes), dated as of September 25, 2015, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on September 25, 2015 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.10
Second Supplemental Indenture (2027 Notes), dated as of October 13, 2017, by and among the Company, the Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on October 13, 2017 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.11
Schedule of additional Supplemental Indentures (2023 Notes), relating to the Supplemental Indenture in Exhibit 4.7 hereof (previously filed as Exhibit 4.12 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 25, 2016 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.12
Schedule of additional Supplemental Indentures (2022 Notes), relating to the Supplemental Indenture in Exhibit 4.8 hereof (previously filed as Exhibit 4.13 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 25, 2016 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.13
Supplemental Indenture (2023 Notes), dated as of January 7, 2019, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 9, 2019 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.14
Supplemental Indenture (2022 Notes), dated as of January 7, 2019, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 9, 2019 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.15
Supplemental Indenture (2027 Notes), dated as of January 7, 2019, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 9, 2019 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.16
Supplemental Indenture (2023 Notes), dated as of February 3, 2020, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 7, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.17
Supplemental Indenture (2022 Notes), dated as of February 3, 2020, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 7, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.18
Supplemental Indenture (2027 Notes), dated as of February 3, 2020, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 7, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.19
Third Supplemental Indenture (2026 Notes), dated as of April 14, 2021, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on April 14, 2021 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.20
Fourth Supplemental Indenture (2026 Notes), dated as of September 29, 2021, by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, and Regions Bank, successor-in-interest to U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on September 19, 2021 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.21
Description of Securities of CoreCivic, Inc. (previously filed as Exhibit 4.15 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.1
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2018 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on April 18, 2018 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.2
First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated August 4, 2020, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2018 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 5, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.3
The Company's Non-Employee Directors' Compensation Plan (previously filed as Appendix C to the Company's definitive Proxy Statement relating to its Annual Meeting of Stockholders (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on April 11, 2003 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.4
Form of Executive Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement for the Company's 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 21, 2008 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.5
Amended Form of Executive Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement for the Company's 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 23, 2009 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.6
Form of Director Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement for the Company's 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 21, 2008 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.7
The Company's Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 17, 2011 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.8
Form of Executive Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for the Company's Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on March 21, 2012 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.9
Form of Non-Employee Directors Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with deferral provisions for the Company's Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on March 21, 2012 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.10
Form of Non-Employee Directors Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for the Company's Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on March 21, 2012 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.11
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for the Company's Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (Time-Vesting Form for Executive Officers) (previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 27, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.12
Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 16, 2007 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.13
Amendment to the Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.35 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 24, 2010 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.14
Amended and Restated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 16, 2007 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.15
Form of Indemnification Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 18, 2009 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.16
Restricted Stock Unit Award Cancellation Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2016, with Damon T. Hininger (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on September 27, 2016 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.17
Form of Executive Employment Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2021 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 22, 2021 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.18
Letter Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2017, with Harley G. Lappin (previously filed as Exhibit 10.29 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 22, 2018 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.19
Amended and Restated ATM Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, dated August 28, 2018 (previously filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 28, 2018 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.20
Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2019, by and among the Company, Nomura Corporate Funding Americas, LLC, as Administrative Agent and Nomura Securities International, Inc., as a Lead Arranger and Bookrunner (previously filed as Exhibit 10.19 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on February 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.21
First Amendment to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated August 4, 2020, to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2019 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 5, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.22
The Company's Second Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 12, 2017 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.23
The Company's 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on May 18, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.24
Form of Executive Time-Based Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement for the Company's 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.25
Form of Executive Performance-Based Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement for the Company's 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.26
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Share Unit Agreement for the Company's 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.27
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Share Unit Agreement with deferral provisions for the Company's 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File no. 001-16109), filed with the Commission on August 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by this reference).
21.1*
Subsidiaries of the Company.
22.1*
List of Guarantor Subsidiaries.
23.1*
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1*
Certification of the Company's Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*
Certification of the Company's Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**
Certification of the Company's Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**
Certification of the Company's Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*
The following financial information from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
104*
The cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).