EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 811240
Filing Year: 2024
Filename: 811240_10-K_2024_0000950170-24-034812.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1.
Business

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A.
Risk Factors

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2023, we owned or leased a total of approximately 59,000 square feet of space worldwide. We lease our corporate headquarters, which consists of approximately 12,000 square feet in Lake Forest, California and we expanded to 20,000 square feet in early 2023. Our lease expires on December 31, 2025. We lease our manufacturing facility, which consists of approximately 26,000 square feet in Corona, California. Our lease expires on June 30, 2025. For additional information, refer to Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies - Leases in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
We believe that our current facilities are sufficient for the current operations of our business, and we believe that suitable additional space in various applicable local markets is available to accommodate any needs that may arise.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings and regulatory proceedings arising out of our operations. We establish reserves for specific liabilities in connection with legal actions that we deem to be probable and estimable. The ability to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters involves judgments, estimates, and inherent uncertainties. The actual outcome of such matters could differ materially from management’s estimates.
On January 4, 2023, Plaintiff PIPStek, LLC (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sonendo, Inc.) filed a lawsuit against BIOLASE, Inc. in the Federal District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging that BIOLASE’s Waterlase dental laser product infringes two PIPStek patents. A third patent was subsequently added to the case. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages and injunctive relief, as well as costs and attorneys’ fees against BIOLASE. BIOLASE has answered denying all of PIPStek’s allegations and also asserting that the asserted patents are invalid and not infringed. BIOLASE intends to continue to vigorously and fully defend itself against PIPStek’s claims. The parties have exchanged preliminary contentions. Trial in this matter is currently set for May 12, 2025.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BIOL.”
As of March 14, 2024, the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.1348 per share, and the number of stockholders of record was 11. We believe that the number of beneficial owners is substantially greater than the number of record holders because a large portion of our stock is held of record through brokerage firms in “street name.”
Dividend Policy
We intend to retain our available funds from earnings and other sources for future growth and, therefore, do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally we are prohibited from declaring and paying cash dividends under our Credit Agreement with SWK. As a result, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in 2024. Our dividend policy may be changed at any time, and from time to time, by our Board. We did not pay or declare any cash dividends in 2023, 2022, or 2021.
Dividends on the Series H Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, if any, will be paid in-kind (“Series H PIK dividends”) in additional shares of Series H Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock based on the stated value of $50.00 per share at the dividend rate of 20.0%. The Series H PIK dividends will be a one-time payment payable to holders of the Series H Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock of record at the close of business on May 26, 2024, which is the one-year anniversary of the original issue date.
Dividends on the Series J Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock will be paid in-kind (“Series J PIK dividends”) in additional shares of Series J Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock based on the stated value of $100.00 per share at the dividend rate of 5.0% per quarter. The Series J PIK dividends were(and will be, if applicable) paid quarterly payable to holders of the Series J Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock of record at the close of business on record at the close of business on October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024 and July 31, 2024. We paid a total of 3,094 shares of Series J PIK dividends to holders of record on October 31, 2023 and a total of 1,217 shares of Series J PIK dividends to holders of record on January 31, 2024.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
At our annual meeting of stockholders held on May 9, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the BIOLASE, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended on September 21, 2018, May 15, 2019, May 13, 2020, June 11, 2021, and April 27, 2023 the “2018 Plan”). The purposes of the 2018 Plan are (i) to align the interests of the Company’s stockholders and recipients of awards under the 2018 Plan by increasing the proprietary interest of such recipients in the Company’s growth and success; (ii) to advance the interests of the Company by attracting and retaining non-employee directors, officers, other employees, consultants, independent contractors and agents; and (iii) to motivate such persons to act in the long-term best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The 2018 Plan replaced the BIOLASE, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, (as amended, the “2002 Plan”), with respect to future awards.
The 2018 Plan has been amended multiple times to increase the shares available for issuance. Under the terms of the 2018 Plan, approximately 112,268 shares of BIOLASE common stock have been authorized for issuance.
The 2002 Plan and the 2018 Plan are designed to attract and retain the services of individuals essential to the Company’s long-term growth and success. The following table summarizes information as of December 31, 2023 with respect to the shares of our common stock that may be issued upon exercise of options, warrants or rights under the 2002 Plan and the 2018 Plan.
Plan Category
Number of
Securities to be
Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options and Release of
Restricted Stock Units
Weighted Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding
Options
Number of
Securities
Remaining Available
for Future Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation
Plans
Equity Compensation Plan Approved
by Stockholders
55,000
$1,490.37
49,000
Equity Compensation Plan Not Approved
by Stockholders
-
-
-
Total
55,000
$1,490.37
49,000

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, which could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Please see the “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section immediately preceding Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K and the “Risk Factors” section in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
Overview
BIOLASE, Inc. (“BIOLASE” and, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a leading provider of advanced laser systems for the dental industry. We develop, manufacture, market, and sell laser systems that provide significant benefits for dental practitioners and their patients. Our proprietary systems allow dentists, periodontists, endodontists, oral surgeons, and other dental specialists to perform a broad range of minimally invasive dental procedures, including cosmetic, restorative, and complex surgical applications. Our laser systems are designed to provide clinically superior results for many types of dental procedures compared to those achieved with drills, scalpels, and other conventional instruments. Potential patient benefits include less pain, fewer shots, faster healing, decreased fear and anxiety, and fewer appointments. Potential practitioner benefits include improved patient care and the ability to perform a higher volume and wider variety of procedures and generate more patient referrals.
We offer two categories of laser system products: Waterlase (all-tissue) systems and diode (soft-tissue) systems. Our flagship brand, Waterlase, uses a patented combination of water and laser energy and is FDA cleared for over 80 clinical indications to perform most procedures currently performed using drills, scalpels, and other traditional dental instruments for cutting soft and hard tissue. For example, Waterlase safely debrides implants without damaging or significantly affecting surface temperature and is the only effective, safe solution to preserving sick implants. In addition, Waterlase disinfects root canals more efficiently than some traditional chemical methods. We also offer our diode laser systems to perform soft tissue, pain therapy, and cosmetic procedures, including teeth whitening. As of December 31, 2023, we maintained approximately 241 active and 21 pending United States and international patents, with the majority relating to our Waterlase technology. Our patent portfolio is regularly evaluated, and we strategically prioritize our core patents to ensure optimal Intellectual Property coverage while minimizing annual maintenance fees. From 1982 through December 31, 2023 we have sold over 47,700 laser systems in over 80 countries around the world, and we believe that Waterlase iPlus is the world’s best-selling all-tissue dental laser. Since 1998, we have been the global leading innovator, manufacturer, and marketer of dental laser systems.
Recent Developments
February 2024 Best Efforts Public Offering
On February 15, 2024, we completed a best efforts, public offering (the “February 2024 Offering”) pursuant to which we raised approximately $7.0 million of gross proceeds by issuing securities consisting of an aggregate of: (i) 7,795,000 units (the “Units”), with each Unit consisting of (A) one share of our common stock, (B) one Class A warrant to purchase one share of common stock (each, a “Class A Common Warrant” and collectively, the “Class A Common Warrants”), each exercisable from time to time for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.66 per share (the “Class A Common Warrant Shares”), and (C) one Class B warrant to purchase one share of common stock (each, a “Class B Common Warrant” and collectively, the “Class B Common Warrants” and collectively with the Class A Common Warrants, the “Common Warrants”), each exercisable from time to time for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.748 per share (the “Class B Common Warrant Shares” and collectively with the Class A Common Warrant Shares, the “Common Warrant Shares”); and (ii) 8,205,000 pre-funded units (the “ Pre Funded Units"), with each Pre-Funded Unit consisting of (A) one pre-funded warrant (each, a “Pre-Funded Warrant” and collectively, the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), each such Pre-Funded Warrant being exercisable from time to time for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share (the “Pre-Funded Warrant Shares”), (B) one Class A Common Warrant, and (C) one Class B Common Warrant. The Units were sold at the public offering price of $0.44 per Unit and the Pre-Funded Units were sold at the public offering price of $0.439 per Pre-Funded Unit.
	As of March 14, 2024, all of the Pre-Funded Warrants had been exercised for the issuance of 8,205,000 additional shares of our common stock and an aggregate of 12,329,102 shares of our common stock have been issued upon the cashless exercise of Class A Common Warrants, leaving Class A Common Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,022,000 shares of our common stock outstanding and unexercised. The Class B Common Warrants will be exercisable on or after the date that the Company’s stockholders vote to approve that the Class B Common Warrants may be exercisable for shares of our common stock, as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
December 2023 Registered Direct Offering and Concurrent Private Placement
On December 8, 2023, pursuant to the terms of that certain Securities Purchase Agreement that we entered into on December 6, 2023 with a single institutional investor (the “December 2023 Purchase Agreement”), we issued the following securities: (i) in a registered direct offering, 331,000 shares of our common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase 779,940 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $0.001 per share, and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,221,880 shares of common stock (the “December 2023 Warrants”) with an initial exercise price of $1.23 per share. The combined purchase price for one share of our common stock and two common warrants was $1.23, and the combined purchase price for one pre-funded warrant and two common warrants was $1.229. We received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $1.4 million. In connection with the closing of the February 2024 Offering, the exercise price of the December 2023 Warrants was reduced to $0.2256 per share due to certain anti-dilution provisions in the December 2023 Warrants.
Consent and Waiver; Issuance of Investor Warrant; Warrant Repricing
Pursuant to the December 2023 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed, among other things, pursuant to Section 4.12 thereof not to enter into a Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in the December 2023 Purchase Agreement) for a period of one-hundred and eighty (180) days following the closing date of the December 2023 Offering (or until June 5, 2024) (the “VRT Prohibition”). In order to induce the institutional investor (the “Investor”) to agree to waive the VRT Prohibition to enable the Company to effect the February 2024 Offering, the Company and the Investor entered into a Consent and Waiver, dated February 12, 2024 (the “Consent and Waiver”), whereby the Company agreed to issue to the Investor a new warrant to purchase up to 2,221,880 shares of our common stock (the “Investor Warrant”), which Investor Warrant is in a form substantially identical to the Class B Common Warrants. The Investor Warrants will be exercisable commencing on the effective date of stockholder approval for the issuance of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Investor Warrants and will expire on the fifth anniversary of such stockholder approval date.
Eleventh Amendment to the Credit Agreement
On November 15, 2023, we entered into the Eleventh Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “Eleventh Amendment”) with SWK, in connection with that certain Credit Agreement, by and among the Company, SWK, and the lender parties thereto. The Eleventh Amendment amends the Credit Agreement by reducing the principal amortization payment due on November 15, 2023 to $165,000, reducing the principal amortization payment due on February 15, 2024 to $165,000 provided that minimum consolidated unencumbered liquid assets are not less than $3,500,000 on such date, reducing the required minimum consolidated unencumbered liquid assets to $1,500,000 through and including December 30, 2023 and to $2,500,000 thereafter, and reducing the required minimum consolidated unencumbered liquid assets to $3,500,000 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter beginning with the period ending March 31, 2024. The Eleventh Amendment contains representations, warranties, covenants, releases, and conditions customary for a credit agreement amendment of this type.
Compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rules
Stockholders’ Equity Rule
On November 14, 2023, we received a deficiency letter from the Staff of the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, based on our stockholders’ equity of $332,000 as of September 30, 2023, as reported in our Quarterly Report on the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023, we were no longer in compliance with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the “Rule”), which requires listed companies to maintain at least $2,500,000 of stockholders’ equity, $35,000,000 market value of listed securities, or $500,000 net income from continuing operations. On December 22, 2023, as supplemented on January 22, 2024, we submitted a plan of compliance to the Staff, which plan demonstrated that we intended to regain compliance with the Rule through, among other things, receipt of approximately $7 million in gross proceeds in the February 2024 Offering, and conversion of certain of our outstanding preferred stock.
On February 13, 2024, Nasdaq informed us that it had determined to grant us an extension to regain compliance with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement; provided that, prior to March 31, 2024, we close the February 2024 Offering, which was closed on February 15, 2024 and publicly disclose evidence of compliance with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement upon the filing of our periodic report for the period ending March 31, 2024.On February 16, 2024, the Staff provided notice that based on our Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 12, 2024, the Staff had determined that we complied with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). However, in the event we fail to evidence compliance with such rule upon the filing of our periodic report for the period ending March 31, 2024, with the SEC and Nasdaq, we may be subject to delisting. In the event we do not satisfy these terms, the Staff
will provide written notification that our securities will be delisted. At that time, we may appeal the Staff’s determination to a Hearings Panel.
Bid Price Rule
On March 4, 2024, we received a deficiency letter from the Staff of Nasdaq notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, ending on March 1, 2024, the bid price for our common stock had closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”). In accordance with Nasdaq rules, we were provided an initial period of 180 calendar days, or until September 3, 2024 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. Compliance is generally achieved if, at any time before the Compliance Date, the bid price for the Company’s common stock closes at $1.00 or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. However, the Staff may, in its discretion, require a company to satisfy the applicable bid price requirement for a period in excess of 10 consecutive business days, but generally no more than 20 consecutive business days, before determining that it has demonstrated an ability to maintain long-term compliance. If we do not regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule by the Compliance Date, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. To qualify, we would need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the additional compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary, provided that we meet the continued listing requirement for the market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards, with the exception of the bid price requirement. If we do not regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule by the Compliance Date and are not eligible for an additional compliance period at that time, the Staff will provide written notification to us that our common stock may be delisted. At that time, we may appeal the Staff’s delisting determination to a Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel. We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may, if appropriate, consider available options to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule.
Series J Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
On September 13, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the underwriters in a firm commitment underwritten public offering 75,000 units (each, a “Series J Preferred Unit”), with each Series J Preferred Unit consisting of (A) one share of the Company’s Series J Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share and a stated value equal to $100.00 (the “Series J Convertible Preferred Stock”), and (B) one warrant (each, a “Series J Preferred Warrant” and collectively, the “Series J Preferred Warrants”) to purchase one-half of one (0.50) share of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, at a price to the public of $60.00 per Series J Preferred Unit, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The public offering price of $60.00 per Series J Preferred Unit reflects the issuance of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock with an original issue discount of 40%. The Company also registered under the registration statement additional shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock that will be issued, if and when the Board declares certain paid in-kind dividends (the “Series J Preferred PIK dividends”) and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock issued as Series J Preferred PIK dividends. Each Series J Preferred Warrant has an exercise price of $30.00 per share, is exercisable for one-half of one (0.5) share of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, is immediately exercisable and will expire one (1) year from the date of issuance. Gross proceeds from the offering were $4.5 million, before deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, which was approximately $900,000.
A total of 3,091 shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock were issued as Series J Preferred PIK dividends to holders of record on October 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, 14,606 shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding and Series J Preferred Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 34,520 shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding.
2023 Reverse Stock Split
At a special meeting of the Company’s stockholders held on July 20, 2023 (the “2023 Special Meeting”), the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Restated Certificate of Incorporation”), to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock, at a ratio between one-for-two (1:2) and one-for-one hundred (1:100). Immediately after the 2023 Special Meeting, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) approved a one-for-one hundred (1:100) reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of our common stock (the “2023 Reverse Stock Split”). On July 26, 2023, the Company filed an amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the 2023 Reverse Stock Split, which became effective on July 27, 2023. The amendment did not change the number of authorized shares of our common stock.
Series I Preferred Stock
On June 5, 2023, the Board declared a dividend of one one-thousandth of a share of Series I Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Series I Preferred Stock”), of our common stock outstanding as of June 16, 2023 (as calculated on a pre-2023 Reverse Stock Split basis). The certificate of designation for the Series I Preferred Stock provided that all shares of Series I Preferred Stock not present in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders held to vote on the 2023 Reverse Stock Split immediately prior to the opening of the polls at such meeting would be automatically redeemed (the “Series I Initial Redemption”) and that any outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock that have not been redeemed pursuant to the Series I Initial Redemption would be redeemed in whole, but not in part, (i) if and when ordered by the Board or (ii) automatically upon the effectiveness of the amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation effecting the 2023 Reverse Stock Split that was subject to the vote (the “Series I Subsequent Redemption”). On July 20, 2023, the Series I Initial Redemption occurred, and on July 27, 2023, the Series I Subsequent Redemption occurred. As a result, no shares of Series I Preferred Stock remain outstanding as of July 27, 2023.
Series H Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
On May 24, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the underwriters in a firm commitment underwritten public offering 175,000 units (each, a “Series H Preferred Unit” and collectively, the “Series H Preferred Units”), with each Series H Preferred Unit consisting of (A) one share of the Company’s Series H Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share and a stated value equal to $50.00 (the “Series H Convertible Preferred Stock”), and (B) one warrant (each, a “Series H Preferred Warrant” and collectively, the “Series H Preferred Warrants”) to purchase one-half of one (0.50) share of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock, at a price to the public of $26.00 per Series H Preferred Unit, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The public offering price of $26.00 per Series H Preferred Unit reflects the issuance of the Series H Convertible Preferred Stock with an original issue discount of 48%. The Company also registered under the registration statement an additional 80,769 shares of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock that will be issued, if and when the Board declares such dividends to holders of record on May 26, 2024, as paid in-kind dividends (“Series H Preferred PIK dividends”) and the shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series H Convertible Preferred Stock issued as Series H Preferred PIK dividends. Each Series H Preferred Warrant is exercisable for one-half of one (0.5) share of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock, is immediately exercisable and will expire two (2) years from the date of issuance. Gross proceeds from the offering were $4.6 million, before deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, which was approximately $800,000.
As of December 31, 2023, 5,000 shares of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding and Series H Preferred Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 67,500 shares of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding.
January 2023 Public Offering
On January 9, 2023, the Company completed a public offering, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue, in a registered direct offering, 171,678 shares of BIOLASE common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and pre-funded warrants to purchase 114,035 shares of BIOLASE common stock with an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The purchase price for one share of common stock was determined to be $35.00, and the purchase price for one January 2023 Pre-Funded Warrant was determined to be $34.00. The Company received aggregate gross proceeds from the transactions of approximately $9.9 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other transaction expenses paid by the Company.
Based on the terms and conditions of the January 2023 public offering, the Company determined that equity classification was appropriate for the pre-funded warrants and recognized the net proceeds from the issuance of common stock and pre-funded warrants in excess of par of $8.5 million in additional paid-in capital.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The following is a summary of those accounting policies that we believe are necessary to understand and evaluate our reported financial results. Certain of our more critical accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our judgments. We use historical experience and other assumptions as the basis for our judgments and making these estimates. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Any changes in those estimates will be reflected in our financial statements as they occur.
Revenue Recognition. Revenue for sales of products and services is derived from contracts with customers. The products and services promised in customer contracts include delivery of laser systems and consumables as well as certain ancillary services such as product training and support for extended warranties. Contracts with each customer generally state the terms of the sale, including the description, quantity and price of each product or service. Payment terms are stated in the contract and vary according to the arrangement. Because the customer typically agrees to a stated rate and price in the contract that does not vary over the life of the contract, our contracts do not contain variable consideration. We establish a provision for estimated warranty expense. For further information on warranty, see the discussion under “Warranty Cost” below.
At contract inception, we assess the products and services promised in our contracts with customers. We then identify performance obligations to transfer distinct products or services to the customers. In order to identify performance obligations, we consider all of the products or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices.
Revenue from products and services transferred to customers at a single point in time accounted for 89%, 88% and 88% of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The majority of the revenue recognized at a point in time is for the sale of laser systems and consumables. Revenue from these contracts is recognized when the customer is able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the benefits from the product which generally coincides with title transfer during the shipping process.
Revenue from services transferred to customers over time accounted for 11%, 12%, and 12% of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The majority of our revenue that is recognized over time relates to training and extended warranties.
The transaction price for a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in a contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the observable price when the good or service is sold separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers.
Revenue is recorded for extended warranties over time as the customer benefits from the warranty coverage. This revenue will be recognized equally throughout the contract period as the customer receives benefits from our promise to provide such services. Revenue is recorded for product training as the customer attends a training program or upon the expiration of the obligation.
We also have contracts that include both the product sales and product training as performance obligations. In those cases, we record revenue for product sales at the point in time when the product has been shipped. The customer obtains control of the product when it is shipped, as all shipments are made FOB shipping point, and after the customer selects its shipping method and pays all shipping costs and insurance. We have concluded that control is transferred to the customer upon shipment.
We perform our obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring products and/or services in exchange for consideration from the customer. We invoice our customers as soon as control of an asset is transferred and a receivable due to us is established. We recognize a contract liability when a customer prepays for goods and/or services and we have not transferred control of the goods and/or services.
Accounts receivable are stated at estimated net realizable value. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on an analysis of customer accounts and our historical experience with accounts receivable write-offs.
Accounting for Stock-Based Payments. Stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date of the award, is based on the fair value of the award and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of the award. For restricted stock units we estimate the fair value of the award based on the number of awards and the fair value of our common stock on the grant date and apply an estimated forfeiture rate. For stock options, we estimate the fair value of the option award using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This option-pricing model requires us to make several assumptions regarding the key variables used to calculate the fair value of its stock options. The risk-free interest rate used is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect for the expected lives of the options at their grant dates. Since July 1, 2005, we have used a dividend yield of zero, as we do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. The most critical assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock options are the expected life of the option and the expected volatility of our common stock. The expected life is calculated in accordance with the simplified method, whereby for service-based awards, the expected life is calculated as a midpoint between the vesting date and expiration date. We use the simplified method, as there is not a sufficient history of share option exercises. We believe the historic volatility of our common stock is a reliable indicator of future volatility, and accordingly, a stock volatility factor based on the historical volatility of our common stock over a lookback period of the expected life is used in approximating the estimated volatility of new stock options. Compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method for all service-based employee awards and graded amortization for all performance-based awards. Compensation expense is recognized only for those options expected to vest, with forfeitures estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience and future expectations. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the grant and revised in subsequent periods as actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Valuation of Inventory. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of inventory and maintain an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory to adjust the carrying value as necessary to the lower of cost or net realizable value. We evaluate quantities on hand, physical condition, and technical functionality, as these characteristics may be impacted by anticipated customer demand for current products and new product introductions. Unfavorable changes in estimates of excess and obsolete inventory would result in an increase in cost of revenue and a decrease in gross profit.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets. Property, plant, and equipment and certain intangibles with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Useful lives are based on our estimate of the period that the assets will generate revenue or otherwise productively support our business goals. We monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying balances of long-lived assets may exceed the undiscounted expected future cash flows from those assets. If such a condition were to exist, we would determine if an impairment loss should be recognized by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to their fair value.
Valuation of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not subject to amortization but are evaluated for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We conducted our annual impairment analysis of our goodwill as of September 30, 2022 and concluded there had been no impairment in goodwill. We closely monitor our stock price and market capitalization and perform such analysis when events or circumstances indicate that there may have been a change to the carrying value of those assets.
Warranty Cost. We provide warranties against defects in materials and workmanship of our laser systems for specified periods of time. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 domestic sales of our Waterlase laser systems were covered by our warranty for a period of up to one year and diode systems were covered by our warranty for a period of up to two years from the date of sale by us or the distributor to the end-user. Laser systems sold internationally during the same periods were covered by our warranty for a period of up to 24 months from the date of sale to the international distributor. Estimated warranty expenses are recorded as an accrued liability with a corresponding provision to cost of revenue. This estimate is recognized concurrent with the recognition of revenue on the sale to the distributor or end-user. Warranty expenses expected to be incurred after one year from the time of sale to the distributor are classified as a long-term warranty accrual. Our overall accrual is based on our historical experience and our expectation of future conditions, taking into consideration the location and type of customer and the type of laser, which directly correlate to the materials and components under warranty, the duration of the warranty period, and the logistical costs to service the warranty. Additional factors that may impact our warranty accrual include changes in the quality of materials, leadership and training of the production and services departments, knowledge of the lasers and workmanship, training of customers, and adherence to the warranty policies. Additionally, an increase in warranty claims or in the costs associated with servicing those claims would likely result in an increase in the accrual and a decrease in gross profit.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements, including the respective dates of adoption and expected effects on our results of operations and financial condition, please refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, which is incorporated herein by this reference.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, warrants, and the SWK Loan (as defined below) as discussed in Note 6 - Debt, to the notes to our financial statements included in this Form 10-K approximate fair value because of the relative short maturity of these items and the market interest rates the Company could obtain.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market (or, if none exists, the most advantageous market) for the specific asset or liability at the measurement date (referred to as the “exit price”). The fair value is based on assumptions that market participants would use, including a consideration of non-performance risk. Under the accounting guidance for value hierarchy, there are three levels of measurement inputs. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable due to little or no corroborating market data.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain data from our operating results, expressed in thousands and as percentages of revenue:
Years Ended December 31,
Net revenue
$
49,164
100.0
%
$
48,462
100.0
%
$
39,188
100.0
%
Cost of revenue
32,440
66.0
%
32,551
67.2
%
22,659
57.8
%
Gross profit
16,724
34.0
%
15,911
32.8
%
16,529
42.2
%
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing
18,441
37.5
%
21,675
44.7
%
15,339
39.1
%
General and administrative
10,216
20.8
%
12,309
25.4
%
11,258
28.7
%
Engineering and development
6,004
12.2
%
7,265
15.0
%
6,048
15.4
%
Loss on patent litigation settlement
-
-
%
-
-
%
0.8
%
Total operating expenses
34,661
70.5
%
41,249
85.1
%
32,960
84.1
%
Loss from operations
(17,937
)
(36.5
)
%
(25,338
)
(52.3
)
%
(16,431
)
(41.9
)
%
Non-operating (loss) gain, net
(2,664
)
(5.4
)
%
(3,187
)
(6.6
)
%
0.9
%
Loss before income tax provision
(20,601
)
(41.9
)
%
(28,525
)
(58.9
)
%
(16,093
)
(41.1
)
%
Income tax provision
(31
)
(0.1
)
%
(109
)
(0.2
)
%
(65
)
(0.2
)
%
Net loss
$
(20,632
)
(42.0
)
%
$
(28,634
)
(59.1
)
%
$
(16,158
)
(41.2
)
%
The following table summarizes our net revenues by category ($ in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
Laser systems
$
30,043
61.1
%
$
31,443
64.8
%
$
25,023
63.9
%
Consumables and other
13,596
27.7
%
11,322
23.4
%
9,456
24.1
%
Services
5,525
11.2
%
5,697
11.8
%
4,709
12.0
%
Net revenue
$
49,164
100.0
%
$
48,462
100.0
%
$
39,188
100.0
%
Comparison of Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2022
Net Revenue. Net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $49.2 million, an increase of $0.7 million, or 1%, as compared with net revenue of $48.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Domestic revenues were $33.9 million, or 69% of net revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $33.9 million, or 70% of net revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2022. International revenues for year ended December 31, 2023 were $15.3 million, or 31% of net revenue, compared to $14.6 million, or 30% of net revenue for year ended December 31, 2022.
Laser system net revenues decreased by $1.4 million, or 4%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Consumables and other net revenue, which includes products such as disposable tips and shipping revenue, increased $2.3 million, or 20%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. Services revenue decreased $0.2 million, or 3%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022.
The increase in year-over-year net revenue primarily resulted from an increase in worldwide consumables and other revenue from improved utilization of installed laser systems.
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue decreased by $0.1 million, or approximately 0.3%, to $32.4 million, or 66% of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to cost of revenue of $32.6 million, or 67% of net revenue, for the same period in 2022. The decrease is due to higher warranty expenses and an increase in material costs and unfavorable absorption of fixed expenses, partially offset by higher sales volume and lower inventory reserve charges for the year ended December 31, 2023
Gross Profit. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue typically fluctuates with product and regional mix, selling prices, product costs and revenue levels. Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $16.7 million, or 34% of net revenue, an increase of $0.8 million, or 5%, as compared with gross profit of $15.9 million, or 33% of net revenue, for the same period in 2022. There was a slight improvement of 1% in gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Lower inventory reserve charges for the year ended December 31, 2023, were offset by higher warranty expenses and an increase in material costs and unfavorable absorption of fixed expenses.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $34.7 million, or 71% of net revenue, a decrease of $6.6 million, or 16%, as compared with $41.2 million, or 85% of net revenue, for the same period in 2022. See the following expense categories for further explanations.
Sales and Marketing Expense. Sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $3.2 million, or 15%, to $18.4 million, or 38% of net revenue, as compared with $21.7 million, or 45% of net revenue, for the same period in 2022. This decrease is primarily due to $2.7 million in lower compensation expense from a decrease in commissions and bonus incentives earned for achieving lower sales targets, $1.1 million in decreased advertising spending, $0.6 million in lower travel and tradeshow-related expenses, and $0.2 million of reductions in other expenses. These decreases were partially offset by $1.4 million in recognition of depreciation expense for equipment used in sales and marketing for demos, training and educational purposes, of which $0.8 million was non-recurring.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $2.1 million, or 17%, to $10.2 million, or 21% of net revenue, as compared with $12.3 million, or 25% of net revenue, for the same period in 2022. This decrease is primarily due to $1.5 million in reduced compensation and bonus incentives earned from achieving lower sales targets, and $0.5 million for the production of the "Talk Dental To Me" docuseries that was a one-time expense for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Engineering and Development Expense. Engineering and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $1.3 million, or 17%, to $6.0 million, or 12% of net revenue, as compared with $7.3 million, or 15% of net revenue, for the same period in 2022. This decrease is primarily from the impact of our cost savings initiatives implemented during the latter part of the second quarter of 2023, as well as fewer engineering projects for 2023 as compared to 2022.
Non-Operating Income (Loss)
Loss on Foreign Currency Transactions. We recognized a loss of $0.4 million on foreign currency transactions for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to a $0.4 million loss for the same period in 2022, due to exchange rate fluctuations primarily between the U.S. dollar and the Euro.
Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense decreased to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $2.7 million of net interest expense for the same period in 2022. The decrease was due to an accrual booked in 2022 for exit fees to be paid in May 2025 upon maturity of the Term Loan. This was partially offset by the impact of higher variable interest rates applied to outstanding Term Loan balances during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
Other Income, Net. Other Income during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $0.1 million and relates to gains recorded on the Series J warrants issued in the September 2023 public offering and the Series H warrants issued in the May 2023 public offering. These gains were partially offset by issuance costs that were allocated to these warrants and immediately expensed due to the liability classification of the warrants.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our provision for income taxes was a provision of $31 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $78 thousand as compared with our provision for income taxes of $109 thousand for the same period in 2022. The decrease in our provision is primarily due to a decrease to our current income taxes in our European subsidiary and Domestic State income taxes.
Net Loss. For the reasons stated above, our net loss was $20.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to a net loss of $28.6 million for the same period in 2022.
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2021
Net Revenue. Net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $48.5 million, an increase of $9.3 million, or 24%, as compared with net revenue of $39.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Domestic revenues were $33.9 million, or 70% of net revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $25.4 million, or 65% of net revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2021. International revenues for year ended December 31, 2022 were $14.6 million, or 30% of net revenue, compared to $13.8 million, or 35% of net revenue for year ended December 31, 2021.
Laser system net revenues increased by $6.4 million, or 26%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Consumables and other net revenue, which includes products such as disposable tips and shipping revenue, increased $1.9 million, or 20%, for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021. Services revenue increased $1.0 million, or 21%, for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021.
The increase in year-over-year net revenue primarily resulted from additional adoption of our lasers in dentistry, an increase in consumable sales and the addition of our OEM product at the start of 2022.
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue increased by $9.9 million, or approximately 44%, to $32.6 million, or 67% of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to cost of revenue of $22.7 million, or 58% of net revenue, for the same period in 2021. The increase is primarily due to the increase in sales and higher warranty and inventory reserve charges for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Gross Profit. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue typically fluctuates with product and regional mix, selling prices, product costs and revenue levels. Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $15.9 million, or 33% of net revenue, a decrease of $0.6 million, or 4%, as compared with gross profit of $16.5 million, or 42% of net revenue, for the same period in 2021. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue reflects the impact of a $2.7 million charge for inventory. This inventory charge was driven by the supply chain issues that we have encountered requiring us to change to new suppliers along with end of life designation for certain products and components, which resulted in higher inventory reserves and warranty expenses. In addition, lower margin OEM products were launched at the beginning of 2022 and an Employee Retention Credit under the CARES Act of $0.7 million was received during the year ended December 31, 2021 that did not occur in 2022. The decrease was partially offset by the impact of the increase in sales and the favorable absorption of fixed expenses.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $41.2 million, or 85% of net revenue, an increase of $8.3 million, or 25%, as compared with $33.0 million, or 84% of net revenue, for the same period in 2021. See the following expense categories for further explanations.
Sales and Marketing Expense. Sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $6.3 million, or 41%, to $21.7 million, or 45% of net revenue, as compared with $15.3 million, or 39% of net revenue, for the same period in 2021. This increase is primarily due to $2.9 million from compensation expense due to no open territories, or no territories without a sales representative in 2022, and commissions and bonus incentives for achieving sales targets, $1.9 million in higher travel and trade show related expenses, $0.7 million in higher supply costs and other expenses, $0.2 million in additional advertising expenses, and $0.6 million from an Employee Retention Credit under the CARES Act received during the year ended December 31, 2021 that did not occur in 2022.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $1.1 million, or 9%, to $12.3 million, or 25% of net revenue, as compared with $11.3 million, or 29% of net revenue, for the same period in 2021. This increase is primarily from $0.8 million in compensation expense for achieving sales targets and filling open positions, $0.5 million for the production of the “Talk Dental To Me” docuseries, and $0.2 million in a higher allowance for doubtful accounts. The increase in general and administrative expenses was partially offset by $0.4 million in severance expense that did not occur in 2022, and $0.2 million from an Employee Retention Credit under the CARES Act received during the year ended December 31, 2021 that did not occur in 2022.
Engineering and Development Expense. Engineering and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $1.2 million, or 20%, to $7.3 million, or 15% of net revenue, as compared with $6.0 million, or 15% of net revenue, for the same period in 2021. This increase is primarily due to $0.7 million from compensation expenses driven by more engineering projects for 2022 as compared to 2021, $0.5 million in other various expense, and $0.2 million for the impact of an Employee Retention Credit under the CARES Act received during the year ended December 31, 2021 that did not occur in 2022. This increase in engineering and development expenses was partially offset by $0.2 million decrease in other expenses.
Loss on Patent Litigation Settlement. Loss on patent litigation settlement for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $0.3 million due to the change in fair value of the remaining accrued liability.
Non-Operating Income (Loss)
Loss on Foreign Currency Transactions. We recognized a loss of $0.4 million on foreign currency transactions for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to a $0.5 million loss for the same period in 2021, due to exchange rate fluctuations primarily between the U.S. dollar and the Euro.
Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense increased to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $2.2 million of net interest expense for the same period in 2021. The increase was due to the impact of higher variable interest rates applied to outstanding Term Loan balances during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 and an accrual for exit fees to be paid in May 2025 upon maturity of the Term Loan, partially offset by lower interest expense associated with reduced Term Loan balances during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
Gain on debt forgiveness. Gain on debt forgiveness was $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to the approval of the Company's request for forgiveness of the loan received under the Paycheck Protection Program under the CARES Act (the "PPP Loan").
Other Income, Net. There was no Other Income (Expense) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
(Provision) benefit for Income Taxes. Our provision for income taxes was a provision of $109 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $44 thousand as compared with our provision for income taxes of $65 thousand for the same period in 2021. The increase in our provision is primarily due to an increase to our current income taxes in our European subsidiary.
Net Loss. For the reasons stated above, our net loss was $28.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to a net loss of $16.2 million for the same period in 2021.
Non-GAAP Disclosure
In addition to the financial information prepared in conformity with GAAP, we provide certain historical non-GAAP financial information. Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures assist investors in making comparisons of period-to-period operating results and that, in some respects, are indicative of our ongoing core performance.
Management believes that the presentation of this non-GAAP financial information provides investors with greater transparency and facilitates comparison of operating results across a broad spectrum of companies with varying capital structures, compensation strategies, derivative instruments, and amortization methods, which provides a more complete understanding of our financial performance, competitive position, and prospects for the future. However, the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Form 10-K have certain limitations in that they do not reflect all of the costs associated with the operations of our business as determined in accordance with GAAP. Therefore, investors should consider non-GAAP financial measures in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or as superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Further, the non-GAAP financial measures presented by us may be different from similarly named non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
Adjusted EBITDA
Management uses Adjusted EBITDA in its evaluation of our core results of operations and trends between fiscal periods and believes that these measures are important components of its internal performance measurement process. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net loss before interest, taxes, depreciation, stock-based compensation and other non-cash compensation, severance expense, change in allowance for doubtful accounts, increase in inventory reserves, and other (income) expense, net. Management uses adjusted EBITDA in its evaluation of our core results of operations and trends between fiscal periods and believes that these measures are important components of its internal performance measurement process. Therefore, investors should consider non-GAAP financial measures in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or as superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Further, the non-GAAP financial measures presented by us may be different from similarly named non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
The following table contains a reconciliation of non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders
$(37,619)
$(28,851)
$(16,704)
Deemed dividend on convertible preferred stock
16,987
GAAP net loss
$(20,632)
$(28,634)
$(16,158)
Adjustments:
Interest expense, net
2,361
2,749
2,224
Income tax provision
Depreciation
2,798
Severance expense
-
-
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts
(202)
Loss on patent litigation settlement
-
-
Stock-based and other non-cash compensation
1,232
2,303
1,662
Increase in inventory reserve and disposals
2,798
-
Gain on debt forgiveness
-
-
(3,014)
Other income, net
(48)
-
-
Adjusted EBITDA
$(12,774)
$(20,138)
$(14,708)
Other income for the year ended December 31, 2023, is comprised of a $0.5 million gains on stock warrant activity partially offset by stock warrant issuance costs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has reported losses from operations of $17.9 million, $25.3 million, and $16.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and has not generated positive net cash from operations for the same periods.
At December 31, 2023, we had $6.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, which does not take into account any cash raised in the February 2024 offering, compared to $4.2 million as of December 31, 2022. Management defines cash and cash equivalents as highly liquid deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. The increase in our cash and cash equivalents by $2.4 million from December 31, 2022 was primarily due to cash provided by financing activities of $17.4 million, partially offset by cash used in operating activities of $14.1 million and cash used in investing activities of $1.1 million. The $14.1 million of net cash used in operating activities in 2023 was primarily driven by our net loss of $20.6 million during the year.
At December 31, 2023, we had $5.2 million in working capital. Our principal sources of liquidity consisted of $6.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and $5.5 million of net accounts receivable.
The Company may need to raise additional capital in the future. Additional capital requirements may depend on many factors, including, among other things, the rate at which the Company’s business grows, demands for working capital, manufacturing capacity, and any acquisitions that the Company may pursue. From time to time, the Company could be required, or may otherwise attempt, to raise capital through either equity or debt offerings. The Company cannot provide assurance that it will be able to successfully enter into any such equity or debt financings in the future or that the required capital would be available on acceptable terms, if at all, or that any such financing activity would not be dilutive to its stockholders.
Our recurring losses, level of cash used in operations, potential need for additional capital, and the uncertainties surrounding our ability to raise additional capital, raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
In order for us to continue operations beyond the next 12 months and be able to discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business, we must either raise additional capital or increase sales of our products, control or potentially reduce expenses, and establish profitable operations in order to generate cash from operations or obtain additional funds when needed.
We will endeavor to improve our financial condition and ultimately improve our financial results by increasing revenues through expansion of our product offerings, continuing to expand and develop our field sales force and distributor relationships both domestically and internationally, forming strategic arrangements within the dental and medical industries, educating dental and medical patients as to the benefits of our advanced medical technologies, and reducing expenses.
Term Loan
The information set forth in Note 6 - Debt - Term Loan is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
EIDL Loan
The information set forth in Note 6 - Debt - EIDL Loan is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Public Offering of Common Shares and Private Placement of Unregistered Preferred Shares
The information set forth in Note 8 - Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Public Offering of Common Shares and Private Placement of Unregistered Preferred Shares is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially expose us to a concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with established commercial banks. At times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. To minimize the risk associated with trade accounts receivable, we perform ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition and maintain relationships with our customers that allow us to monitor changes in business operations so we can respond as needed. We do not, generally, require customers to provide collateral before we sell them our products. However, we have required certain distributors to make prepayments for significant purchases of our products.
Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on a quarterly specific account review of past due balances. All other balances are reviewed on a pooled basis by age of receivable. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. We do not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to our customers.
Consolidated Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our statements of cash flows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities
$
(14,091
)
$
(26,761
)
$
(16,710
)
Investing activities
(1,129
)
(3,727
)
(707
)
Financing activities
17,434
4,603
29,954
Effect of exchange rates on cash
(109
)
(238
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
$
2,385
$
(25,994
)
$
12,299
Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2022
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $14.1 million and was primarily comprised of our net loss of $20.6 million, and an increase in operating liabilities of $1.7 million, partially offset by an decrease in operating assets of $2.7 million, and non-cash adjustments for depreciation expense of $2.8 million, stock-based compensation of $1.2 million, a $0.7 million increase in our inventory reserve, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.4 million. The net decrease in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily due a $1.5 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a $1.0 million decrease in inventory, partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $1.1 million and was primarily driven by our capital expenditures.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $17.4 million primarily comprised $8.5 million net proceeds from the January 2023 public offering, $3.7 million net proceeds from the May 2023 public offering, $3.5 million net proceeds from the September 2023 public offering, $1.0 million net proceeds from the December 2023 public offering, and $0.8 million proceeds from the exercise of warrants.
The $0.2 million effect of exchange rate on cash for the year ended December 31, 2023 was due to a recognized gain on foreign currency transactions, primarily driven by changes in the Euro during the year.
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2021
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 totaled $26.8 million and was primarily comprised of our net loss of $28.6 million, and an increase in operating assets of $8.5 million, partially offset by an increase in operating liabilities of $3.5 million, non-cash adjustments for stock-based compensation of $2.3 million, a $2.8 million write-off of inventory, amortization of debt issuance costs of $1.2 million, and depreciation expenses of $0.5 million. The net increase in our operating assets was primarily due to a $5.8 million increase in inventory as we have increased inventory levels to try to mitigate the impact of supply disruptions from potential product shortages and delivery delays, a $1.1 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a $1.6 million increase in accounts receivable, partially offset by a $3.5 million increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $3.7 million and was primarily driven by our capital expenditures. We expect cash flows used in investing activities to decrease somewhat in 2023 due to the completion of our new training facility.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $4.6 million primarily comprised of $5.6 million of net proceeds from the June 2022 direct offering and private placement, partially offset by a $1.0 million payment on the SWK Loan.
The $0.1 million effect of exchange rate on cash for the year ended December 31, 2022 was due to a recognized gain on foreign currency transactions, primarily driven by changes in the Euro during the year.
Contractual Obligations
Leases
On January 22, 2020, the Company entered into a five-year real property lease agreement for an approximately 11,000 square foot facility in Corona, California where it moved its manufacturing operations. The lease commenced on July 1, 2020. On December 10, 2021, the Company entered into an additional three and a half year lease at this location to expand the leased space by an additional 15,000 square feet to meet growing manufacturing needs. The additional lease commenced on February 1, 2022. Future minimum rent payments under these leases are approximately $0.5 million.
On February 4, 2020, the Company also entered into a sixty-six month real property lease agreement for office space of approximately 12,000 square feet of office space in Lake Forest, California. The lease commenced on July 1, 2020. On May 26, 2022, the Company entered into an additional lease at this location to expand the leased space by an additional 8,000 square feet for an additional training facility and model dental office. The additional lease commenced on March 9, 2023. Future minimum rent payments under these leases are approximately $1.3 million.
SWK Loan
On November 9, 2018, we entered into the Credit Agreement with SWK, which provides us with the SWK Loan, a variable-rate term loan. The Credit Agreement has been amended multiple times with the most recent being effective November 15, 2023 for total outstanding principal of $13.1 million and exit fees of $1.4 million. Refer to Note 6 - Debt for further details.
EIDL Loan
On May 22, 2020, the Company executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan from the United States Small Business Administration under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (the "EIDL Loan") assistance program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. The principal amount of the EIDL Loan is $150,000, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. The information set forth in Note 6 - Debt - EIDL Loan is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Purchase Obligations
Purchase obligations relate to purchase orders with suppliers that we expect to complete primarily during the year ended December 31, 2023. In conformity with current GAAP, purchase obligations that have not met the recognition criteria are not reported in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023.
The following table presents our expected cash requirements for contractual obligations outstanding for the years ended as indicated below (in thousands):
Less Than
1 to 3
3 to 5
More Than
1 Year
Years
Years
5 years
Total
Operating lease obligations
$
1,049
$
$
-
$
-
$
1,869
Purchase obligations
12,615
-
-
12,619
Loan interest (1)
1,867
2,882
Loan principal
2,265
12,295
14,710
Total
$
17,796
$
14,045
$
$
$
32,080
(1)Estimated using LIBOR rates as of December 31, 2023

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Finan cial Statements and Supplementary Data
All financial statements required by this Item 8, including the report of the independent registered public accounting firm, are listed in Part IV, Item 15 of this Form 10-K, are set forth beginning on Page of this Form 10-K, and are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Overview
There have been no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure within the parameters of Item 304(b) of Regulation S-K.
Dismissal of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
On June 21, 2023, the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors dismissed BDO USA, P.C. (“BDO USA”) as our independent registered public accounting firm.
BDO USA’s reports on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles, except that the report on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 contained an explanatory paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the subsequent interim period through June 21, 2023, there were no disagreements with BDO USA on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of BDO USA, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its reports on our financial statements for such periods.
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the subsequent interim period through June 21, 2023, there were no events otherwise reportable under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
Appointment of New Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
On June 21, 2023, we engaged Macias Gini & O’Connell LLP (“MGO”) as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, effective immediately. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 and through June 21, 2023, neither we nor anyone on our behalf consulted with MGO regarding (i) the application of accounting principles to any specified transaction, either completed or proposed or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our consolidated financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to us that MGO concluded was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issue, or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a “disagreement,” as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K, or a “reportable event,” as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management has evaluated, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer has concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023, except for the matter noted below.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have adopted and maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is collected, recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified under the rules of the SEC. Our disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission entitled “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)” (the “COSO Framework”). Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023 except for the material weakness related to the matter described below that required correction of previously furnished financial statements for period ended three and six months as of June 30, 2023 and for period ended three and nine months as of September 30, 2023 related to deemed dividend on convertible redeemable preferred stock and its's impact to the calculation of net loss per share attributable to common stockholders.
This Form 10-K does not include an attestation report from Macias Gini O'Connell LLP regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by Macias Gini O'Connell LLP pursuant to the SEC rules that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Form 10-K.
Correction of Errors in Previously Furnished Financial Statements
As discussed in Note 11, we have revised the previously furnished unaudited interim period financial statements for the three and six month period ending June 30, 2023 and for the three and nine month period ending September 30, 2023 to comply with presentation of accretion of redeemable Series H Convertible Preferred Stock and Series J Convertible Preferred Stock as an adjustment to net loss attributable to common stockholders’ under accounting guidance. This revision resulted in the correction of previously furnished basic and diluted net loss per share for the related periods. We concluded that the error was not material to the previously furnished financial statements.
This error led to a material weakness for all periods subsequent to March 31, 2023. In light of this material weakness, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that our financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, management believes that the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
However, to remediate the aforementioned material weakness, we plan to enhance our processes to identify and appropriately apply applicable accounting requirements to better evaluate and understand the nuances of the complex accounting standards that apply to our financial statements. Our plans at this time include providing enhanced access to accounting literature, research materials and documents and increased communication among our personnel and third-party professionals with whom we consult regarding complex accounting applications. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
In addition, on March 21, 2024, the Company entered into an indemnification agreement with each of Jennifer Bright, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, and Steven Sandor, the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. The forms of Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between the Company and Ms. Bright and Mr. Sandor are filed as Exhibits 10.20 and 10.21, respectively, to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information regarding our executive officers is included in Part I of this Form 10-K under “Item 1. Business - Information about Our Executive Officers.” In addition, the information set forth under the caption “Election of Directors” to be included in the definitive proxy statement for the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) is incorporated by reference herein.
The BIOLASE, Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code of Ethics") applies to all of our employees, officers, and directors, including our President and Chief Executive Officer. The Code of Ethics can be found on our investor relations website at the following address: https://ir.biolase.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents. In addition, we intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or the Nasdaq Capital Market rules concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code of Ethics. The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained at or available through our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this Form 10-K. We have also adopted a Supplier Code of Conduct applicable to the suppliers of our goods and services, which can also be found on our investor relations website at the web address above.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information set forth under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “2023 Director Compensation” to be included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” to be included in the Proxy Statement and the information set forth under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in Item 5 of this Form 10-K are incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information set forth under the captions “Proposal No. 1-Election of Directors” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” to be included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information set forth under the caption “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” to be included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference herein.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibit Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K beginning on the pages referenced below:
(1)Financial Statements:
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Macias Gini & O’Connell, LLP; Irvine, CA; PCAOB ID: 324)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (BDO USA, P.C.; Costa Mesa, CA; PCAOB ID: 243)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2)Financial Statement Schedule:
Schedule II - Consolidated Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
F- 44
All other schedules have been omitted as they are not applicable, not required or the information is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3)Exhibits:
The exhibits filed as a part of this Form 10-K are listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page hereto.