EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1840780
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1840780_10-K_2025_0001840780-25-000009.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Our Mission and Vision
Our mission is to revolutionize agriculture, ensuring accessibility to fresh, sustainable, locally grown produce to nourish communities everywhere for generations to come. Our vision is to reimagine freshness. We envision a future where transformative innovation and technology combine to enable us to locally grow produce with minimal food miles, ensuring the freshest and most sustainable offerings for communities everywhere. We believe that happy plants make happy taste buds, and we are committed to reimagining the standards of freshness. We also believe that local is the best kind of business, and we are committed to helping communities thrive for generations to come. We are committed to building empowered local teams. Together, we believe we are capable of extraordinary achievements in sustainable agriculture.
Company Overview
Local Bounti is a controlled environment agriculture ("CEA") company that produces sustainably grown produce, focused primarily on living and loose leaf lettuce, arugula, spinach, and basil. Founded in 2018, and headquartered in Hamilton, Montana, Local Bounti utilizes its patented Stack & Flow Technology® to grow healthy food sustainably and affordably. Our proprietary process is a hybrid growing approach, utilizing vertical farming in early plant growth, followed by greenhouse farming for final grow out. We designed our Stack & Flow Technology® to give our products exactly what they need at every step of their growth cycle. Our goal is to grow in an environmentally sustainable manner that not only increases harvest efficiency and enhances unit economics, but also limits water usage and reduces the carbon footprint of the production and distribution process. Controlling the environmental conditions in both the 'Stack' and 'Flow' components of our growing system helps to ensure healthy, nutritious, and consistent products that are non-genetically modified organisms ("non-GMO"). We use 90% less water, 90% less land, and significantly less pesticides and herbicides than traditional outdoor agriculture operations.
Our first facility in Hamilton, Montana (the "Montana Facility") commenced construction in 2019 and reached full commercial operation by the second half of 2020. In 2022, we acquired California-based complementary greenhouse farming company Hollandia Produce Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, which operated under the name Pete’s (the "Pete's Acquisition"). Through the Pete’s Acquisition, we significantly increased our growing footprint to include two then-existing facilities in California and one under-construction facility in Georgia. The Georgia facility initially became operational in July 2022 and was significantly expanded in 2023. In 2024 we completed construction of two new facilities in Washington and Texas, bringing our total facility count to six.
We distribute our products to approximately 13,000 retail locations across 35 U.S. states, primarily through direct relationships with blue-chip retail customers, including Albertsons, Sam's Club, Kroger, Target, Walmart, Whole Foods, Brookshire's, H-E-B, Sprouts, and AmazonFresh. Our primary products include living butter lettuce - for which we are a leading provider with an approximate 80% share of the CEA market within the Western U.S. - as well as packaged leafy greens and cress. We recently introduced new Grab & Go Salads and additions to our baby leaf portfolio with several high-velocity offerings, including Spinach, Arugula, and Basil. In addition, we introduced 50/50 blend and power greens in the third quarter of 2024. We signed an offtake agreement with Sam's Club in October 2022 for our leafy greens production initially from our Georgia facility and now including both our Georgia and Texas facilities. The offtake agreement provides for the sale of defined minimum quantities of leafy greens from our Georgia and Texas facilities and runs through September 2028.
We intend to continue to increase our production capacity and expand our reach to new markets, new geographies, and new customers through building of new facilities, the expansion of existing facilities, or the acquisition of existing greenhouse facilities, which we would evaluate to update with our Stack & Flow Technology®. We conduct an ongoing build-versus-buy analysis whenever we decide to build a new facility or acquire an existing facility. We also continue to explore expanding our product offerings to new varieties of fresh greens, herbs, berries and other produce. Additionally, we evaluate commercial opportunities as part of these expansion efforts on an ongoing basis.
Business Summary
Our differentiation is rooted in our focus on unit economics, and is compounded by our modular and locally distributed facility strategy, brand and product diversity, and a strong focus on sustainability.
Our focus on unit economics shapes our execution strategy, which supports our value proposition and increases value for all stakeholders. Our customers receive more value for their money and decrease their food waste, capital providers experience a lower risk profile, and we promote greater sustainability for both people and the planet. Through yield, resource efficiency and sustainability, cost reduction, and logistics savings, we provide enhanced value for all stakeholders.
Our hybrid facility design is at the core of our focus on unit economics and serves as a platform intended to grow margins through investment in technology and yield improvement. In our facility configuration, we grow plants during their early development period "stacked" in a space and energy efficient vertical nursery. This configuration reduces facility square footage and increases returns on invested capital. This vertical nursery produces a stock of young plants to fill growing space in our controlled environment greenhouses, where young plants accelerate growth when exposed to a specified set of conditions involving natural light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, nutrients, pH balance, and other key elements. With this approach, we believe that once Stack & Flow Technology® is fully commissioned at a facility, the facility will yield 1.5 to 2.0 times more produce than traditional CEA greenhouse farms. This is evidenced in our Georgia facility, whereupon the commissioning of our Stack & Flow Technology®, we doubled run-rate production. For example, at our Texas and Washington facilities, we are observing yield rates that are 1.5 to 2.0 times better than CEA greenhouse industry performance.
We use flexible, modular facility designs to enable rapid expansion near major population centers. We regularly assess our pipeline of future farm locations to leverage our national distribution footprint. Key considerations include meeting known demand from key existing customers within the network, as well as optimizing freight routes to ensure that transportation is optimized to limit cost while enhancing customer service with consistent delivery schedules. Our approach is to build or acquire geographically distributed production facilities so we can provide our customers with locally and sustainably grown produce delivered at peak freshness on a year-round basis. We plan to use substantial pre-engineered, pre-fabricated and standardized components when building our modular facilities in order to reduce execution risk for facilities where we build from the ground up. For pre-existing facilities like those acquired with the Pete's Acquisition, we may update facilities, where appropriate, using our Stack & Flow Technology®. We are working to develop key partnerships with agricultural and equipment vendors to ensure efficient construction. As a result, we believe we can build, scale and commission a facility within 15 months of acquiring the underlying land, which we believe is significantly faster than our competitors. This strategy enables us to reduce the distance of our farms to our customers by more than 50% of the distance that is standard in the industry, mitigate supply chain risk, simplify transportation logistics and reduce food spoilage and waste.
Local Bounti products are currently sold at approximately 13,000 retail locations across 35 U.S. states, primarily through direct relationships with blue-chip retail customers, including Albertsons, Sam's Club, Kroger, Target, Walmart, Whole Foods, Brookshire's, H-E-B, Sprouts, and AmazonFresh. Our stock keeping unit (“SKU”) assortment at the end of 2024 includes 32 SKUs across living and loose leaf lettuce, spinach, arugula, basil, organic and conventional, cress and value add product lines. In the future, we seek to co-locate with nationally recognized distributors to leverage their existing networks and thereby further decrease the carbon footprint of duplicative distribution, and we are currently evaluating the implementation of this strategy through our existing distribution network.
We expanded our product assortment in 2024 by introducing several high-velocity offerings, including Arugula, Spinach, Spring Mix & Spinach Blend, Power Crisp, and Basil. We began shipping our entire assortment to customers during the third quarter of 2024 and added additional distribution with retailers in the mass and grocery channels in the fourth quarter. We continued to rollout Grab & Go Salads to customers throughout the Pacific Northwest and Southern United States in 2024. The Grab & Go Salads assortment includes four unique flavor offerings: Artisanal Chicken Caesar, Memphis Inspired Chicken, Sweet Poppy Power, and Modern Green Style. In the second quarter of 2025, we plan expand our product assortment further, with the launch of new, built-in-house salad kits, adding more optionality for our end consumers. We believe the power of our brand and the quality of our products allow customers and consumers to associate Local Bounti produce with freshness and sustainability, and choose our products to enhance their diets while safeguarding the environment. Paired with our geographically distributed production, we believe that our branding and SKU diversity will allow us to capture greater market share with
customers and consumers who seek a diversity of leafy green produce and are oriented to locally produced, sustainable food.
Sustainability is at the core of our business focus, and our business prioritizes 12 of the 17 United Nations ("U.N.") Sustainable Development Goals. Our farming practices use 90% less land and water than traditional farming, and our usage of pesticides and herbicides is significantly lower as compared to field grown lettuce. Compared to field-grown loose leaf lettuce, our lettuce and herbs contain 10 to 1,000 times less bacteria than conventional farming, leading to a longer shelf life, which greatly reduces waste for both customers and consumers. Our local production facilities enable lower greenhouse gas emissions associated with transportation and provide greater access to fresh produce. We believe that our production methods also yield significantly greater worker welfare compared to traditional farming methods due to the type of farming inherent with the use of CEA technology (i.e., indoors). This is also central to our commitment to grow our people, which is as critical to us as growing our produce.
Market Overview
According to the U.N., the world’s population is projected to keep growing over the next 50 to 60 years, reaching a peak of approximately 10.3 billion people in the mid-2080s, up from 8.2 billion in 2024. The majority will reside in urban areas, which creates challenges related to energy, transportation, housing, and food availability. Additionally, consumer demands are pushing agricultural businesses to produce food in safer, more transparent, personalized, and sustainable ways.
Expanding Global Agriculture Crisis. The world is facing a rapidly expanding global agriculture crisis. According to a report released by the U.N. and its partners in 2020, we will need significantly more capacity to produce approximately 70% more food to feed the world's population by 2050, but there will not be enough arable land and water for traditional agriculture to meet these needs. According to studies from The University of Sheffield, the world has lost more than 30% of its arable land in just the last 40 years, and approximately 60% of total global cropland has been depleted from irrigation usage. Significant enhancements in food production are also needed in the near term as the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that a quarter of the world's population is "food insecure," which means it lacks consistent access to enough food for an active, healthy life. According to the international relief agency Mercy Corps, approximately nine million people die annually from hunger while approximately 10% to 30% of agricultural produce spoils before it is sold to consumers.
Increasing focus on healthy eating. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing consumer focus on healthy eating. Individuals are increasingly conscious of their diets and are opting for more fresh vegetables and produce. According to the International Food Information Council's 2023 Food and Health Survey of American Consumers, about 74% of Americans believe that the foods and beverages they consume have a significant or moderate impact on their overall well-being.
Demand for fresh and local produce. We believe consumers are increasingly drawn to local and sustainably grown food due to the freshness of the product, the taste, and a sense of supporting the local economy and environment. However, weather and geography limit the ability for traditional agriculture methods to provide most geographies with sufficient locally grown food year-round, or at all. For example, the majority of leafy vegetables grown in the United States are sourced from Salinas Valley in northern California and Yuma County in southwest Arizona, which is hundreds (often thousands) of miles from where much of this food is ultimately consumed.
CEA Overview
CEA is a technology-oriented approach towards plant-based food production and employs enclosed structures to grow plants in a protected environment where optimal growing conditions are maintained. Drivers for growth of CEA include scarcity of resources, such as arable land, water and suitable climate, as well as changing climatic conditions putting increased stress on conventional farming practices. CEA involves increased control over variables which optimizes the plant growing conditions, resulting in higher plant quality and larger production volume while ensuring resource efficiency. These variables include temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, light, nutrient concentration, and nutrient pH. With a stable control of the plant environment, CEA can provide secure, high quality produce, year-round production of previously seasonal produce and higher production volume compared to conventional farming on the same size land. Moreover, CEA allows for a more efficient use of land and fresh water (up to 90% less water and land than soil-based agriculture), reduced need to use fertilizer or pesticides, reduced carbon emissions as CEA allows operations to be located closer to end-users, reduced food waste, and avoidance of chemical runoff from broad applications of fertilizer and pesticides/ herbicides associated with field-based agriculture.
CEA growers employ various permutations of growing environments and growing methods to meet customer, operational and other metrics that are important determinants of the CEA operation.
CEA can offer the food industry resiliency and dependability beyond what traditional agriculture can offer. CEA can produce a broad array of products consistently, year-round, despite weather or other adverse growing conditions. CEA can also be implemented locally, which reduces the supply-chain risk associated with distanced or international suppliers. Recent events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, have forced grocers, restaurants, and other food providers to reconsider their supply chain risk and seek reliable and less variable suppliers. Additionally, the food
industry has faced increasing challenges related to product recalls and contamination issues in traditional agriculture, often linked to factors such as soilborne pathogens, pesticide exposure, and inconsistent quality control. CEA minimizes these risks by providing a controlled, sterile environment that reduces exposure to contaminants, enhancing food safety and reducing costly recalls. We believe that CEA represents an attractive alternative for industry players seeking greater reliability and will lead to further adoption.
On a more global basis, CEA addresses 12 of the 17 total U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, including:
U.N. Sustainable
Development Goal
CEA Benefit
2)  Zero Hunger The flexibility of Local Bounti's locations enables access to fresh, local food
6)  Clean Water and Sanitation Drastic reduction in water usage in Local Bounti facilities conserves resources and controls all aspects of water withdrawal, consumption, and discharge
7)  Affordable and Clean Energy Local Bounti facilities can be designed to be energy-efficient and sited with near renewable energy supply in the community and/or on-site, as well as take advantage of natural sunlight
8)  Decent Work and Economic Growth Local Bounti provides full time, full year, indoor jobs versus outdoor and seasonal labor in traditional agriculture
9)  Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Local Bounti spurs investment in sustainable and innovative infrastructure and technology, and provides jobs for local communities
11)  Sustainable Cities and Communities Local Bounti locates facilities in and near urban environments, increasing jobs, taxes, and investment in cities
12)  Responsible Consumption and Production Due to reduction in transportation distance and controlled growing conditions, Local Bounti increases product shelf life and reduces food waste throughout the agricultural supply chain, as well as uses less land and fertilizer to grow more
13)  Climate Action Distributed, regional production potential of Local Bounti drastically reduces emissions from food supply chain transportation
14)  Life Below Water Local Bounti controls all aspects of water withdrawal, consumption, and discharge and is actively working cross industry to increase recycling and the use of recycled content to reduce pollution
15)  Life on Land Local Bounti utilizes 90% less land and locates facilities in areas identified by local communities that have been used previously for industrial or agricultural functions, reducing the impact on wildlife and the environment
16)  Peace Justice and Strong Institutions Local Bounti's company policies and values include anti-discrimination, human rights, and anti-bribery commitments
17)  Partnerships for the Goals Local Bounti participates in the UN Global Compact and is a member of the GRI Community and International Fresh Produce Association ("IFPA")
Large and growing market opportunity for CEA.
According to publicly available research in October 2024, the U.S. market for fruit and vegetables has an estimated total addressable market of greater than $100 billion. Local Bounti initially focused on the Western half of the United States, where we continue to see the Mountain and West regions as attractive target markets given their historical struggles with food scarcity and the greenfield opportunity for us to be the first large-scale CEA operator in many parts of this region. With the completion of our Texas and Washington facilities in 2024, Local Bounti now operates six facilities, spread across the Northwest, West, South and Southeastern United States, allowing us to capture a greater portion of the U.S. TAM. Our location selection analysis suggests that we will be able to build distributed, regional facilities that each serve multiple regional population centers, giving leverage to local production on a regional basis. Additionally, we target initial addressable market facility expansion in states with favorable conditions for growth in light industrial production, including favorable state and local processes for facility siting, permitting, construction and operation. Additionally, we may target existing greenhouse or CEA operations for acquisitions if they are strategically located and meet our other business criteria, including, for example, the Pete's Acquisition.
Local Bounti Facility Locations
Our Solution
We believe Local Bounti is positioned as a disruptor to loose leaf lettuce, living lettuce and other produce production by changing the way food is grown by focusing on driving profitable unit economics and capitalizing on our patented Stack & Flow Technology®.
Our approach combines the features that we found most attractive from vertical farming and traditional CEA greenhouse growing to grow plants during their early development in our "stack" phase. This reduces facility square footage, drives capital expenditure and operating expenditure efficiency, increases the annual turns of the farm, and ultimately leads to increased returns on invested capital. The vertical nursery produces a stock of young plants to fill growing space in our controlled environment greenhouses, where young plant growth is accelerated when exposed to a specified set of conditions, including natural light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, nutrients, pH balance and other key variables.
We believe that we are well-positioned to redefine sustainability standards for indoor agriculture while delivering the freshest and highest quality produce to local communities with minimal carbon footprint. The key components to Local Bounti's strategy are set forth below.
Unit economics focus with technology-driven approach. Local Bounti utilizes its proprietary Stack & Flow Technology®, which combines the best of vertical and greenhouse growing technologies, enabling superior unit economics and efficiencies across the production cycle. Plants spend early development in a stacked nursery design, reducing facility square footage. When the plants reach targeted maturity, they are transported to CEA greenhouses, which are arranged on horizontal planes with natural sunlight and other controlled environmental variables, resulting in optimal growth conditions specified for each type of plant as well as space and energy efficiency. With less land requirement and fewer days in the greenhouse, our technology enables lower capital expenditure, lower operating expenses, higher labor efficiency and higher yield, and retrofit potential that others lack compared to results published by greenhouse farms and other CEA operations.
Modular and distributed production. Local Bounti uses a modular building system, which reduces time and cost of construction. Facilities are designed for automation and efficiency without being capital intensive. Pre-engineered, off-the-shelf construction and in-house developed technologies are used, which help to lower risks of execution for building and commissioning new production facilities (or updating existing facilities). For pre-existing facilities like those acquired with the Pete's Acquisition, we may update facilities, where appropriate, using our Stack & Flow Technology®. Our approach is to build geographically distributed production so we can provide customers with locally grown, lower pesticide and herbicide produce delivered at peak freshness on a year-round basis. The Montana Facility was built in 2019 and reached full commercial operation by the second half of 2020. The Montana Facility underwent an expansion, which was completed in the third quarter of 2021 and was fully commissioned in the fourth quarter of 2021. Our Georgia facility was acquired as part of the Pete's Acquisition during its first phase of construction. The first phase of this facility became operational in July 2022 and was further expanded in 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we also implemented our patented Stack & Flow Technology® at the Georgia facility, which doubled run-rate production. In the second quarter of 2024, we commenced operations at both our Texas and Washington facilities and began shipping product. We were able to scale these facilities in less than one-third of the time that it took to scale Georgia given the advantages of purpose-built design and other efficiencies that were integrated. The Texas facility fortifies our distribution for Sam’s Club, which expands our service from three distribution centers to six. The Washington facility bolsters our distribution capabilities with new and existing customers in the Pacific Northwest to serve our expanding customer base.
We regularly assess our pipeline of future farm locations to maximize our national distribution footprint. Key considerations include meeting known demand from key existing customers within the network, as well as optimizing freight routes to ensure that transportation is optimized to limit cost while enhancing customer service with consistent delivery schedules. Our approach is to build or acquire geographically distributed production facilities so we can provide our customers with locally and sustainably grown produce delivered at peak freshness on a year-round basis. Additionally, we are developing a control center technology suite to enable remote monitoring of our operations to efficiently collect and analyze information to drive yields and grow better products.
Branded product with SKU diversity. Local Bounti products are currently sold at approximately 13,000 retail locations across 35 U.S. states, primarily through direct relationships with blue-chip retail customers, including Albertsons, Sam's Club, Kroger, Target, Walmart, Whole Foods, Brookshire's, H-E-B, Sprouts, and AmazonFresh. We believe that customers and consumers will associate our brand with high quality, locally grown produce with better taste, freshness, and significantly longer shelf life. Our modular, distributed model and Stack & Flow Technology® allows for high SKU diversity. At the end of 2024, Local Bounti offered 32 SKUs across living and loose leaf lettuce, spinach, arugula, basil, organic and conventional, cress and value add product lines, and intends to continue to expand
its SKUs to meet customer demand. We believe that SKU diversity in these markets will allow us to capture more in-store real estate and will result in consumer loyalty across multiple regional markets.
Select Local Bounti Product Offerings
Montana Facility. Our Montana Facility was built in 2019 and reached commercial operations in the second half of 2020. The Montana Facility incorporates our patented Stack & Flow Technology®, including five operational greenhouses, a cold storage room for finished goods and a packaging room with processing equipment to transform freshly harvested produce into packaged goods that are ready for retail shelves. By leveraging our flexible modular approach, we completed an increase to the capacity of the Montana Facility by approximately 140% to 12 hydroponic ponds in the third quarter of 2021, which is now operational, and was fully commissioned in the fourth quarter of 2021. In the third quarter of 2024, we completed the transition of our Montana facility from a research and development focus to a commercially oriented focus growing produce for sale to customers. This transition follows the capacity enhancements brought about by the completion of the Georgia facility and the commencement of operations at both the Texas and Washington facilities and is expected to help drive toward our goal of achieving positive adjusted EBITDA.
Carpinteria Facility. Our Carpinteria Facility was originally built in 1976, with many additions happening over 30 years, the latest in the mid-2000s. The Carpinteria Facility incorporates nutrient film technique growing channels across 66 greenhouses totaling 15.2 acres (which does not include an additional 1.5 acres of propagation greenhouses in Carpinteria) and multiple harvesting and packaging rooms and uses proprietary packaging technology that transforms freshly harvested produce into packaged goods ready for retail sale.
Oxnard Facility. Our Oxnard Facility was built in 2011 and 2012. The facility sits on 41.5 acres, including 12.8 acres under glass. The Oxnard Facility uses multiple growing methods, including 77 greenhouses with ponds and 10 greenhouses using growing channels. The facility uses both conventional and organic growing methods and has a centralized harvesting and packaging room that transforms freshly harvested produce into packaged goods ready for retail sale.
Georgia Facility. Our Georgia Facility began operations in mid-2022. The facility sits on 30.4 acres of land and initially included 3 acres under glass with 14 lines of channel growing systems, which have been expanded with an additional 3 acres under glass with 14 lines during 2023 including our patented Stack & Flow Technology®. The facility also includes a cold storage room for finished goods and a packaging room with processing equipment to transform freshly harvested produce into packaged goods that are ready for retail shelves. The Georgia site is laid out for potential future expansion.
Washington Facility. Our Washington facility began operations in the second quarter of 2024. The facility sits on 28.3 acres of land and includes 3 acres under glass with 8 lines of channel growing systems paired with our patented Stack & Flow Technology®. The facility was built with future expansion capabilities in mind, and also includes a cold storage room for finished goods and a packaging room with processing equipment to transform freshly harvested produce into packaged goods that are ready for retail shelves.
Texas Facility. Our Texas facility began operations in the second quarter of 2024. The facility sits on 50 acres of land and includes 6 acres under glass with 16 lines of channel growing systems paired with our patented Stack & Flow Technology®. The facility also includes a cold storage room for finished goods and a packaging room with
processing equipment to transform freshly harvested product into package goods that are ready for retail shelves. The Texas facility is designed and laid out for potential future expansion.
Development Pipeline. We regularly assess our pipeline of future farm locations to maximize our national distribution footprint. Key considerations include meeting known demand from key existing customers within the network, as well as optimizing freight routes to ensure that transportation is optimized to limit cost while enhancing customer service with consistent delivery schedules. Plans remain in place to build additional capacity across our network of facilities enabled with our Stack & Flow Technology®. The planned expansion are designed to provide additional capacity and allow for our growing product assortment to meet existing demand from our direct relationships with blue-chip retailers and distributors. The timing and scope of these projects, which includes plans to expand into the Midwest, remain under review pending ongoing discussions with retailers to optimize those facilities for specific products in support of retail commitments and strategies to expand distribution.
Grown with Fewer Pesticides and Herbicides. Local Bounti produce is grown with significantly less pesticides and herbicides than traditional field-grown produce, is non-GMO, and is certified with Harmonized Good Agricultural Practices under a Global Food Safety Initiative ("GFSI") benchmarked program.
Cargill Relationship. We have entered into credit agreements with Cargill Financial, as described in Note 7, Debt, of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe the following competitive strengths will enable us to capitalize on the expanding opportunity for CEA and locally grown produce.
Ability to drive production yield and lower costs. We design and build our facilities by focusing on driving profitable unit economics and capitalizing on our patented Stack & Flow Technology®. We are developing a centralized monitoring system which collects, organizes and analyzes data from distributed facilities. Our sophisticated data analytics enable us to continually improve the operations of our facilities and to centrally control key variables such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, light, nutrients and pH balances. We have also implemented additional innovations that shorten growing cycles, improve production yield and lower costs, such as optimizing plant density to increase greenhouse production capacity. We have further identified a clear roadmap for margin expansion and product diversification with significant visibility into reduced labor cost opportunities and improved profitability.
Branded products that are strategic for retailers and trusted by consumers. We expect Local Bounti branded products to generate strong customer loyalty by offering affordable, high-quality produce that is locally grown and sustainably sourced. We believe that consumers choose our products because the Local Bounti brand is a promise that the food they eat is sustainably and locally grown, non-GMO, healthy, and at the peak of freshness because it is at the retailer's distribution centers within 24 to 48 hours from harvest. Our produce has weeks of freshness and lasts longer than traditionally grown produce, which leads to substantially less waste and, in turn, cost savings for grocers as well as consumers. In addition to cost savings from reduced spoilage, we are an increasingly important supplier for our retail grocer customers given our diverse and quality product offerings and reliability. Our CEA methods enable year-round crop production and consistent supply regardless of the local climate or weather conditions.
Highly scalable turnkey platform. Local Bounti's facilities are designed to use pre-engineered, pre-fabricated and standardized components to enable efficient expansion with low execution risk or added costs. Our facilities have been purposely designed for rapid expansion, allowing us to potentially build and commission a facility within 15 months of land acquisition. For pre-existing facilities like those acquired with the Pete's Acquisition, we may update facilities, where appropriate, using our patented Stack & Flow Technology®, which would then benefit from the same baseline platform.
Growth Strategies
We intend to leverage our competitive strengths to continue to optimize our production and distribution to meet the rising demand for our products through the growth strategies set forth below.
Continue to improve unit economics through technology focus and design improvements. CEA is an emerging industry that is continually benefiting from technological advancement and development. We intend to continue to optimize our facilities through design and materials improvements and by leveraging computer vision, artificial intelligence and robotics to optimize energy and labor usage. We also believe we can continue to drive profitability with identified opportunities to reduce input costs and with an increasingly efficient cost structure as we gain economies of scale.
Scale our platform by adding additional capacity and new facilities near our customers. We use flexible, modular facility designs to enable rapid expansion near major population centers. We regularly assess our pipeline of future farm locations to maximize our national distribution footprint. Key considerations include meeting known product demand from key existing customers within the network, as well as optimizing freight routes to ensure that transportation is optimized to limit cost while enhancing customer service with consistent delivery schedules. Our
approach is to build or acquire geographically distributed production facilities so we can provide our customers with locally grown, lower pesticide and herbicide produce delivered at peak freshness on a year-round basis. We plan to use substantial pre-engineered, pre-fabricated and standardized components when building our modular facilities in order to reduce execution risk for facilities where we build from the ground up. For pre-existing facilities like those acquired with the Pete's Acquisition, we may update facilities, where appropriate, using our patented Stack & Flow Technology®. We are working to develop key partnerships with agricultural and equipment vendors to ensure efficient construction. As a result, we believe we can build, scale and commission a facility within 15 months of acquiring the underlying land, which we believe is significantly faster than our competitors. This strategy enables us to reduce the distance of our farms to our customers by more than 50% of the distance that is standard in the industry, mitigate supply chain risk, simplify transportation logistics and reduce food spoilage and waste.
Continue to develop our brand to further our differentiation and customer and consumer loyalty. We believe we are innovating within the living and loose-leaf lettuce and herbs produce category, and we intend to further establish our Local Bounti branded line of products as synonymous with fresh, delicious, locally and sustainably grown food. We plan to develop and foster these brand associations to accelerate customer adoption, increase brand loyalty and gain greater share of customer grocery spend. As an early CEA mover in our markets, we believe we are capturing customer mind share for locally sourced produce through our quality products, lively packaging, and marketing initiatives. We actively market our brand in partnership with our retailers through retail activation strategies, including in-store displays, circular advertisements, point-of-purchase signage, and promotions. We intend to continue to support the customer experience via media strategies-both traditional and digital media-supported by our local-minded approach we will geo-target consumers serving up messaging and awareness at every touchpoint. This will further strengthen brand awareness and loyalty. We believe that our attractive and recyclable packaging will also contribute to the success of our products and we intend to invest in developing even more appealing and sustainable packaging over time. We believe that strategic branding and marketing efforts will be critical to growing our market presence, expanding within our customers as we grow our product line, and building consumer loyalty.
Expand our product line. Utilizing our advanced design and technology features, including strategic partitioning and environment control technology, we intend to leverage our proven ability to efficiently accommodate greater product diversity at our facilities. We believe our differentiated hybrid technology will yield greater product diversity over a reduced footprint. At the end of 2024, we offered 32 SKUs across living and loose leaf lettuce, spinach, arugula, basil, organic and conventional, cress and value add product lines. We expanded our product assortment in the third quarter of 2024 by introducing several high-velocity offerings, including Arugula, Spinach, Spring Mix & Spinach Blend, Power Crisp, and Basil. We began shipping our entire assortment to customers during the third quarter of 2024 and added additional distribution with retailers in the mass and grocery channels in the fourth quarter. We continued to rollout Grab & Go Salads to customers throughout the Pacific Northwest and Southern United States in 2024. The Grab & Go Salads assortment includes four unique flavor offerings: Artisanal Chicken Caesar, Memphis Inspired Chicken, Sweet Poppy Power, and Modern Green Style. In the second quarter of 2025, we plan to expand our product assortment further, with the launch of new, built-in-house salad kits, adding more optionality for our end consumers.
Continue to develop and diversify our sales channels and geographies. We intend to expand our sales channels where we can enhance our brand and maximize the efficiency of our distribution. We focus on the retail channel and complement our distribution with foodservice. In the future, we seek to co-locate with nationally recognized distributors in order to leverage their existing distribution networks and thereby decrease further the carbon footprint by not adding additional distribution, and we are currently evaluating implementation of this strategy through our existing distribution network. We believe that in time, our leading technology and brand will enable licensing and franchising opportunities to other indoor agriculture operators, with minimal capital investment from us. Lastly, global regions with geographic constraints to traditional agriculture, such as the Middle East and parts of Asia have expressed interest in expanding CEA capabilities and represent potential significant opportunities for us to monetize our technology and expertise through international expansion, should we decide to expand into those markets.
Continue to invest in research and development and develop genetics and advanced technology. We believe further investment in research and development, advanced technology, and automation is critical to our plan to expand margins and increase SKU diversity in the future. Investment in plant science can enable greater yield optimization, creating plants that are bred for optimal growth in facility environments. Plant science and breeding for optimal growth does not mean our plants are genetically modified, but rather they are purposefully grown under specific conditions using innovative farming techniques.
Leverage our industry leading focus on sustainability. We believe that the CEA space is inherently sustainable. Many of our competitors do not have the commitment to an aggressively transparent process, disclosing the good and bad. Local Bounti is committed to improving our business using the benefits of a consistent, business wide focus on our stakeholders (employees, consumers, customers, communities and investors) and their growing interest in how our actions and products impact them. Our sustainability efforts are already generating tremendous business value with employee engagement, community commitment and reduction of valuable process inputs. See "Local Bounti Sustainability Plan" below for further information on our Sustainability Program.
Product shelf-life tests have demonstrated our product lasts longer than competing offerings. We believe our unique technology and process provides customers with longer lasting freshness, higher nutritional content, and less bacteria, mold and yeast due to our controlled indoor environment. We have performed product shelf-life tests
which demonstrated that our loose-leaf lettuce lasts longer in the consumer's refrigerator (assuming purchased on the day of delivery to the purchase point) than one of our organic loose-leaf lettuce competitors. Research reports attribute much of this shelf-life extension to the reduced bacteria, mildew and mold achieved using CEA production, as compared to traditionally grown products (even post-harvest washed).
Sustainability
Conventional agriculture faces challenges due to climate change, population growth, and geopolitical shifts. Events like the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the conflict in Israel and the Gaza Strip, coupled with escalating costs in traditional agriculture, strain global food supply systems. This necessitates a shift toward sustainability in agriculture practices to meet growing demands for cleaner, healthier produce. We believe growing healthy vegetables is good business, and our growing technology delivers clean produce with safer growing methods, which we believe benefits all stakeholders and differentiates us from traditional agriculture. We expect that consumer demand for clean, nutritious, locally grown, and high-quality products will increase over time.
Our compact, efficient, and local farms provide fresh produce with minimum transportation distances. Combined with our advanced technologies and the location of our facilities in proximity to retail partner distribution centers and communities with available supporting resources such as adequate water and renewable energy, we believe Local Bounti has the potential to be among the most sustainable produce suppliers in the nation.
Our sustainability program is foundational to our business. Through our sustainability program, we monitor sustainability metrics, including human capital elements. We continue to enhance the sustainability of our daily practices, reduce our GHG emissions, and provide an exceptional working environment for our employees across our operations. As a signatory of the United Nations ("UN") Global Compact on human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption, we embrace the UN Global Compact's Ten Principles as part of the strategy, culture and daily operations of our company. We actively engage with our stakeholders, internally and externally, to encourage input on the materiality of various sustainability issues to Local Bounti and incorporate input into our strategic planning and sustainability reporting. We disclose our impacts in our annual sustainability reports (using the Global Reporting Initiative ("GRI") and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board ("SASB") frameworks) and other disclosures including Carbon Disclosure Project ("CDP") and the UN Global Compact.
Our annual sustainability reporting and key metrics are aligned with the priorities we have set on human capital, professional development, health & safety, and ethics. We report on human capital metrics, including gender balance, racial and ethnic diversity in our workforce, employee engagement and professional development. We have supplier programs that integrate sustainability in the procurement of goods and services. We have reported annually on GHG emissions since our first full year of commercial production. More information on our key sustainability programs, goals, commitments, and metrics can be found in our most recent sustainability report, which is available on our website. Information contained on our website or connected thereto does not constitute part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
While we believe our sustainability goals align with our long-term growth strategy and financial and operational priorities, they are aspirational and may change, and there is no guarantee or promise that they will be met.
Environment: We are committed to minimizing our impact on the environment. Our Board of Directors (the "Board") has adopted an Environmental Policy, which documents our policies relating to the environment, including the following:
•Water Stewardship: We are committed to monitoring, reducing, and reusing water resources.
•Climate Protection: We are committed to being carbon neutral by 2050.
•Sustainable Packaging: We are committed to using an average of 30% recycled content or responsibly sourced biobased content in consumer-facing packaging by the end of 2025.
•Sustainable Sourcing: Our Board has approved a Supplier Code of Conduct, which address the standards of business conduct we expect from our suppliers.
The value of local CEA facilities extends beyond our environmental goals. The short transport distances to our customers reduce food miles and transportation emissions. Delivering fresher and higher quality product reduces food waste in the supply chain and lowers consumer food waste. Additionally, we use significantly less pesticides, and currently use recycled polyethylene terephthalate ("rPET") for the majority of our packaging.
Social - Employees: Being local and producing year-round not only allows for competitive produce prices and the opportunity for more consumers to access high quality produce, but it also allows our facilities to offer full time, indoor jobs to members of the community, potentially offsetting the seasonal work offered by more traditional agriculture businesses. We strive to hire locally and promote employees internally by investing in internal and community training programs. All full time Local Bounti employees receive benefits within their first month of work. To keep up with the evolving market, we survey all employees throughout the year regarding various aspects of their employment experience.
Social - Community: We prioritize communities where our facilities are located and as a corporation are and will continue donating produce to our communities. These investments are supported by large on-going local purchases and significant employment. We will continue to consider opportunities for community engagement in future site selection process as well.
Governance: Local Bounti sees sustainability as a competitive advantage and strives to be fully supportive of these endeavors at all levels of the Company. This alignment and focus will aid us in steering our long-term corporate actions in the right direction.
Climate-Related Issues: Local Bounti contributes to carbon dioxide emissions predominantly due to the use of fuel combustion and electrical consumption. Additional emissions come from processing products to be ready for human consumption, including cleaning, packaging, and on-site storage. Each of these activities generates waste. Traditional leafy produce has its largest carbon dioxide emission during the distribution process. Local Bounti, with its dispersed farming model, dramatically reduces the carbon impacts of the distribution process, although we are not yet able to fully eliminate the carbon footprint from distribution. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing, evaluating, and making recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding our programs, policies and practices relating to sustainability issues and impact to support the sustainable growth of our businesses. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee periodically reviews our carbon and water data and provides oversight for climate-related risks and opportunities to operations.
In 2023, the Company conducted a climate change scenario based approach to its work to identify and assess climate-related risks and opportunities. A series of conversations across all aspects of the business occurred as the Company identified short-term (0-24 months), Medium Term (2-10 years), and Long Term (10+ years) impacts that have a substantive financial or strategic impact on the business. Five primary climate-related issues have been identified, as described below:
•Weather: Local Bounti sees the increase in more extreme weather patterns as primarily an opportunity as field-based leafy production becomes less dependable. The Company has seen early indications of increasing demand from customers for our products, as they provide a more consistent supply and quality despite weather variations. The Company expects this opportunity to expand as extreme weather patterns increase in the medium term.
•Utility Systems: We would expect to be impacted by any price increases, supply constraints, and evolving complexities in utility systems. In the short term (0-24 months), water shortages and energy price fluctuations are forecasted.
In the past five years, the western half of the United States has experienced water shortages that are increasing in severity. This has led to restricted usage, increased regulation, rising costs, and other restrictive measures as local jurisdictions work to manage the shortages. In the short-term future, Local Bounti anticipates these water shortages will continue. With over 90% of U.S. leafy greens grown in California and Arizona, demand for alternative production of year-round leafy greens is expected to rise. Local Bounti employs techniques that allow for a 90% reduction in water usage compared to field-based production. Local Bounti also maintains facilities geographically located across the U.S., allowing for potential flexibility in production as water shortage challenges increase. To stay ahead of evolving water conservation measures, the Company is actively investigating additional water-saving measures while conducting ongoing water use monitoring.
Local Bounti has experienced electricity and gas price fluctuations. The Company has a diversified energy portfolio and plans to continue developing redundancies at operational locations to help mitigate the impacts of price increases.
•Supply Chain: The Company relies on suppliers for key elements of operations and could be negatively impacted by any disruptions in the supply chain due to climate-related issues. The Company is actively working to mitigate this risk by ensuring adequate supply is on hand. Additionally, the Company strives to have multiple suppliers for key elements of operations to provide flexibility if there is a disruption. As a further fortification, the Company has an ongoing work stream to explore variations of key inputs to allow for operational and production adjustments in the event of a source material disruption.
•Workforce: Local Bounti has several business practices in place that are designed to allow it to adapt to changing workforce dynamics. These include offering its employees year-round, full-time employment with benefits working in an indoor environment and competitive, living wage career opportunities. In addition, the Company has ongoing investments in automation and technologies that are designed to increase production capacity at our facilities. While population shifts and community health evolve, the Company is well-positioned to respond within existing systems and expand on continuity planning and community investment activities.
•Regulatory: In the United States and globally, there is a growing amount of regulatory action in response to climate change. Recently, we have seen increased regulation relating to climate-smart investments and
sustainability disclosures. When Local Bounti builds new facilities, it explores climate-smart programs that could be appropriate for the business. In addition, Local Bounti references independent international standards when developing sustainability disclosures. The Company expects that, while increased regulation may require increasing investments in these areas, funding to support the adaptation of these efforts may also increase.
Please refer to Item 1A, Risk Factors, for further discussion regarding climate-related risks.
Competition
Local Bounti's competition includes greenhouse operators and other CEA operators such as vertical farming operators. Greenhouse operators grow crops within a sheltered structure on a horizontal plane, while vertical farming operators grow crops in vertically stacked layers indoors.
Large-scale greenhouse operators have the largest market position and own and operate hundreds to thousands of acres of greenhouse. Most of the companies have the major portions of their operations in Mexico and Canada, but all are either looking to develop, are developing, or have already developed U.S.-based high-tech greenhouses. These companies include Mastronardi Produce Ltd. and Pure Flavor.
We potentially compete with traditional greenhouse producers, as well as CEA companies using high technology greenhouses such as Bright Farms, Revol Greens, Gotham Greens, and Little Leaf Farms. We also potentially compete against vertical farming operators, including AeroFarms and Plenty.
We believe that our patented Stack & Flow Technology®, modular and distributed approach, and local branded product diversity provide competitive advantages over our peers as the mainstream facility formats in CEA present a challenging trade-off between yield and operating/capital costs. Each method, independently, brings key challenges, including (a) inability to maximize revenue without consistent yield; (b) poor profitability with high costs; (c) limited retail relationships and lack of product diversity; and (d) inability to scale quickly and effectively. Local Bounti leverages a hybrid of vertical and greenhouse growing formats, which efficiently unites the best aspects of both technologies, resulting in increased volumes and year-round production. In addition, this model results in 1.5 to 2.0 times the yield of comparable greenhouse farms.
Government Regulation
Local Bounti is subject to laws and regulations administered by various federal, state and local government agencies in the United States, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"), Federal Trade Commission ("FTC"), Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA") and USDA. These laws and regulations apply to the production, packaging, distribution, sale, marketing, labeling, quality, safety and transportation of our products, as well as occupational safety and health practices.
Among other things, the facilities in which our products are grown and packed must comply with regulatory requirements including the FDA’s Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption. Local Bounti may be required to register with the FDA, depending on specific processing operations, in which case Local Bounti would have to comply with Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food, as applicable. Our facilities must comply with FDA and USDA labeling and marketing requirements and could be subject to the Organic Food Production Act, among other laws and regulations implemented by the FDA, the USDA, and other regulators. Certain regulations under the FDA’s Food Safety Modernization Act are still being developed and implemented, including recently adopted product traceability requirements for various products including leafy greens. The FDA and USDA generally have the authority to inspect our facilities and require that certain information appear on our product labels and, more generally, that our labels and labeling be truthful and non-misleading. Similarly, the FTC requires that Local Bounti's marketing and advertising be truthful, non-misleading, not deceptive to consumers and not otherwise an unfair means of competition. Local Bounti is also restricted by the FDA and USDA from making certain types of claims about our products, including nutrient content claims, health claims, organic claims and claims regarding the effects of our products on any structure or function of the body, whether express or implied, unless Local Bounti satisfies certain regulatory requirements.
Local Bounti is subject to state and local food safety regulation, including registration and licensing requirements for our facilities, enforcement of standards for our products and facilities by state and local health agencies and regulation of our trade practices in connection with selling our products.
Local Bounti is subject to labor and employment laws, laws governing advertising, privacy laws, safety regulations and other laws, including consumer protection regulations that regulate retailers or govern the promotion and sale of merchandise. Our operations, and those of our distributors and suppliers, are subject to various laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, water usage and discharge, water conservation and worker health and safety matters.
Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property
Local Bounti owns patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights that are important to our business, including our principal trademarks for "Local Bounti" and "Stack & Flow Technology." As appropriate, our trademarks are registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") and select trademarks have been extended to multiple international markets. Our trademarks are valuable assets that reinforce the distinctiveness of our brand to customers and shoppers. In February 2024, the USPTO granted a patent covering our Stack & Flow Technology. Local Bounti has several additional patents submitted to the USPTO relating to its operations and technology. We believe the protection of our patents, trademarks, copyrights and domain names are important to our success and we intend to aggressively protect our intellectual property rights.
Employees and Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, we had 333 full-time employees. This includes 214 non-exempt and 119 exempt employees. Our employees are not represented by any labor union, and we have never experienced a work stoppage or strike. We believe that our employee relations are good.
Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and new employees, advisors, and consultants. The principal purpose of our equity incentive plan is to attract, retain and reward personnel through the granting of stock-based compensation awards, in order to increase stockholder value and the success of Local Bounti by motivating these individuals to perform to the best of their abilities and achieve our objectives.
Available Information
Our website is localbounti.com. The information on our website or social media channels is not part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. Under the "Investors" tab of our website, we make available free of charge a variety of information for investors. Our goal is to maintain the Investors portion of our website as a portal through which investors can easily find or navigate to pertinent information about us, including:
•Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with or furnish it to the SEC at SEC.gov.
•Information on our business strategies, financial results, and metrics for investors.
•Announcements of investor conferences or other events at which our executives may talk about our product, service, and competitive strategies. Archives of these events are also available.
•Press releases on quarterly earnings, product and service announcements, or other business updates.
•Corporate governance information including our governance guidelines, committee charters, and code of business conduct and ethics.
•Other news and announcements that we may post from time to time that investors might find useful or interesting.
•Opportunities to sign up for email alerts to have information pushed in real time.
Investors and others should note that we routinely announce material information to investors and the marketplace using filings with the SEC, press releases, public conference calls, presentations, webcasts, and our website. We also intend to use certain social media channels as a means of disclosing information about Local Bounti and our products to our customers, investors and the public (e.g., @Local Bounti and #LocalBounti on X). While not all of the information that we post to our website or social media accounts is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, we encourage investors, the media, and others to sign up for and regularly follow our social media accounts. Users may automatically receive email alerts and other information about Local Bounti by signing up for email alerts under the Investors tab of our website.
Executive Officers
Below is biographical information about our executive officers as of March 30, 2025:
Name Age Position
Craig M. Hurlbert 62 Chief Executive Officer and Director
Kathleen Valiasek 61 President and Chief Financial Officer
Margaret McCandless 52 General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
Craig M. Hurlbert. Mr. Hurlbert has served as our Chief Executive Officer since December 2023 and as a member of our Board since November 2021. He previously served as our Senior Vice President of Strategy from June 2023 to December 2023 and our Co-Chief Executive Officer from November 2021 to June 2023. Mr. Hurlbert co-founded Local Bounti in August 2018. Mr. Hurlbert also co-founded BrightMark Partners, LLC, a growth equity and management firm providing capital and resources to venture, growth phase and middle-market businesses, and served as a Managing Partner from January 2014 to March 2021. Previously, Mr. Hurlbert served in various leadership roles at TAS Energy, a leading provider of high efficiency and modular cooling and energy systems for the data center, commercial, industrial, and power generation markets, including President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board. Mr. Hurlbert also held leadership roles at General Electric Company (NYSE: GE) and North American Energy Services. Mr. Hurlbert is currently the Chairman of the Board at Clearas Water Recovery, a company utilizing patented, sustainable, and proprietary technology to solve high nutrient wastewater challenges in the municipal and industrial water markets. Mr. Hurlbert earned his B.S. in Finance from San Diego State University and his M.B.A. from California State University-Long Beach.
Kathleen Valiasek. Ms. Valiasek has served as our President since June 2024 and our Chief Financial Officer since November 2021. She also served as Chief Financial Officer from January 2017 to June 2019 and Chief Business Officer from June 2019 to March 2021 at Amyris, a science and technology leader in the research, development and production of sustainable ingredients for the clean health and beauty and flavors and fragrances markets. Prior to Amyris, Ms. Valiasek served as Chief Executive Officer of Lenox Group, Inc., a finance and strategic consulting firm she founded in 1994, and, in this capacity, she worked closely with the senior management teams of fast-growing companies including start-ups, venture-backed, and Fortune 500 companies such as Albertsons, CVS, Gap, Kaiser Permanente, and Softbank. At Lenox Group, Ms. Valiasek was typically engaged for critical roles on multi-year assignments including M&A transactions, debt and equity financings, IPOs, and spin-offs. Ms. Valiasek holds a B.B.A. from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
Margaret McCandless. Ms. McCandless has served as our General Counsel since February 2022 and our Corporate Secretary since March 2022. Before joining Local Bounti, Ms. McCandless was Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant General Counsel, and Corporate Secretary of Royal Gold, Inc. (Nasdaq: RGLD), a precious metals streaming and royalty company, from January 2020 to January 2022. Previously, she served as Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary from January 2015 to December 2019 and Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary from January 2012 to January 2015 of Intrepid Potash, Inc. (NYSE: IPI), a potash and specialty plant-nutrient company. From 2004 through 2011, Ms. McCandless served as Associate General Counsel - Securities, Disclosure, and Corporate Governance for CenturyLink, Inc. (NYSE: CTL) and Qwest Communications International Inc. (NYSE: Q). Prior to joining Qwest, Ms. McCandless was an associate at the law firms of Hogan Lovells LLP and Cooley LLP. Ms. McCandless holds a J.D. from the University of Wisconsin Law School and a B.S. in Accounting from the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Board of Directors
Below is information about the members of our Board of Directors as of March 30, 2025:
Name Age Position
Craig M. Hurlbert 62 Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer
Travis M. Joyner 42 Co-Founder
Pamela Brewster 55 Principal at Orange Strategies LLC
Jennifer Carr-Smith 53 President of JCS Advisory Services, LLC
Edward C. Forst 64 Former Chairman and Partner of Lion Capital
Mark J. Nelson 56 Former Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Beyond Meat, Inc.
Matthew Nordby 45 Managing Partner of Flume Ventures

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
RISK FACTORS SUMMARY
Our business is subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely affect our business, operating results and cash flows. Risks that we deem material are described under "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this report. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
•Local Bounti is an early-stage company with a history of losses and expects to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future. Local Bounti has only recently started to generate revenue and its ability to continue to generate revenue is uncertain given Local Bounti's limited operating history. Local Bounti may never achieve or sustain profitability. Local Bounti's business could be adversely affected if it fails to effectively manage its future growth.
•Local Bounti will require additional financing to achieve its goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, may force Local Bounti to delay, limit, reduce or terminate its operations and future growth. If we are unable to secure additional financing in the future, we will not be able to continue as a going concern. If additional financing is available, financing terms may lead to significant dilution of our stockholders' equity (deficit).
•Local Bounti currently relies on a limited number of facilities for its operations.
•Local Bounti has been operating facilities at commercial capacity for less than five years, which makes it difficult to forecast future results of operations.
•The build-out of new facilities and retrofitting of acquired facilities will require significant expenditures for capital improvements and operating expenses and may be subject to delays in construction and unexpected costs due to governmental approvals and permitting requirements, reliance on third parties for construction, delays relating to material delivery and supply chains, and fluctuating material prices.
•Local Bounti has entered into agreements with Cargill Financial for term loan credit facilities. The credit facilities are secured by all of the Company's and its subsidiaries' assets, including their intellectual property. If we are unable to meet certain conditions precedent, we may not be able to draw down funds available under the facilities, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, if there is an occurrence of an uncured event of default, Cargill Financial has the right to foreclose on all of the Company's and its subsidiaries' assets, and securities in the Company could be rendered worthless.
•Local Bounti's ability to decrease its cost of goods sold over time is dependent on its ability to scale its operations and Local Bounti may not be able to achieve such decreases due to factors outside of its control such as inflation or global supply chain interruptions.
•Any damage to or problems with Local Bounti's CEA facilities could severely impact Local Bounti's operations and financial condition.
•There can be no assurance that future acquisitions, investments or expansions of scope of existing relationships will have a beneficial impact on Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations.
•Local Bounti may acquire additional greenhouses or other indoor farming operations, which may divert our management's attention and result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We may be unable to integrate additional acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions.
•Local Bounti depends on employing a skilled local labor force, and failure to attract and retain qualified employees could negatively impact its business, results of operations and financial condition.
•If Local Bounti fails to develop and maintain its brand, its business could suffer.
•Local Bounti's estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which it competes achieves the forecasted growth, Local Bounti's business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.
•If Local Bounti cannot maintain its company culture or focus on its vision as it grows, Local Bounti's business and competitive position may be harmed.
•Local Bounti may be unable to successfully execute on its growth strategy.
•Local Bounti's operating costs to grow and sell its products may be higher than expected, which could impact its results and financial condition.
•If Local Bounti's estimates or judgments relating to its critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, its results of operations could be adversely affected.
•If Local Bounti fails to continue to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, it may not be able to accurately report its financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in Local Bounti.
•Local Bounti's ability to use its net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.
•Local Bounti faces risks inherent in the CEA business, including the risks of diseases and pests.
•Local Bounti may not be able to compete successfully in the highly competitive natural food market.
•Local Bounti's ability to generate and grow revenue is dependent on its ability to increase the yield in each of the anticipated product lines it intends to grow. If Local Bounti is unable to increase the yield in each or most of these product lines, Local Bounti's projection may not be achieved on currently anticipated timelines or at all.
•Local Bounti may need to defend itself against intellectual property infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and could cause Local Bounti to incur substantial costs.
•The loss of, or failure to achieve, any registered patent, trademark, or other intellectual property rights could enable other companies to compete more effectively with Local Bounti.
•Local Bounti relies on information technology systems and any inadequacy, failure, interruption or security breaches of those systems may harm its ability to effectively operate its business.
•Local Bounti could be adversely affected by a change in consumer preferences, perception and spending habits in the food industry, and failure to develop and expand its product offerings or gain market acceptance of its products could have a negative effect on Local Bounti's business.
•Demand for lettuce, herbs, and other greens is subject to seasonal fluctuations and may adversely impact Local Bounti's results of operations in certain quarters.
•Our failure to meet the NYSE's continued listing requirements could result in the suspension of trading of our common stock and a subsequent delisting of our common stock.
•Public health crises could have an adverse effect on Local Bounti's business, operating results and cash flows.
Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
RISK FACTORS
Investment in our stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks described below, together with other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC, before making investment decisions regarding our stock. If any of the following risks and uncertainties, or if any other risks and uncertainties, actually occurs, our business, financial condition, or operating results could differ materially from the plans, projections, and other forward-looking statements included in the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings. In addition, if any of the following risks and uncertainties, or if any other risks and uncertainties, actually occurs, our business, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed substantially, which could cause the market price of our stock to decline, perhaps significantly. Moreover, the risks described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition.
Risks Related to Local Bounti's Business
Local Bounti is an early-stage company with a history of losses and expects to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future. Local Bounti has only recently started to generate revenue and its ability to continue to generate revenue is uncertain given Local Bounti's limited operating history. Local Bounti may never achieve or sustain profitability. Local Bounti's business could be adversely affected if it fails to effectively manage its future growth.
Local Bounti has only recently started to generate revenue and given that it has limited operating history, Local Bounti's ability to continue to generate revenue is uncertain. Local Bounti believes it will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as it continues its facility expansion and commercial sales of its products. Local Bounti expects to expend substantial resources as it:
•operates its existing facilities;
•identifies and invests in future growth opportunities, including expansion into new markets, development of new or expanded facilities, introduction of new products, and commercialization of new crops;
•invests in creating and protecting intellectual property; and
•incurs additional general administration expenses, including increased finance, legal and accounting expenses, associated with growing operations.
Supporting the growth of Local Bounti's business will place significant demands on its management and operations teams and will require resources, financial and otherwise, which may not be available in a cost-effective manner. If Local Bounti does not effectively manage its growth strategy, execute on its business plan, respond to competitive pressures, take advantage of market opportunities, or satisfy customer requirements, there could be adverse effects on Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations.
These expenditures alternatively may not result in the growth of Local Bounti's business, which could adversely affect Local Bounti's financial condition and results of operations.
Local Bounti will require additional financing to achieve its goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, may force Local Bounti to delay, limit, reduce or terminate its operations and future growth. If we are unable to secure additional financing in the future, we will not be able to continue as a going concern. If additional financing is available, financing terms may lead to significant dilution of our stockholders’ equity (deficit).
The CEA business is extremely capital-intensive and Local Bounti expects to expend significant resources to scale its production capacity and invest in its technology platform, capabilities, and new products. These expenditures are expected to include costs of constructing and commissioning new facilities, costs associated with growing plants for sale, such as electricity and packaging, working capital, costs of attracting and retaining a skilled local labor force, and costs associated with research and development in support of future commercial opportunities.
Local Bounti expects that its existing cash on hand, projected cash generated from product sales, as well as the PIPE Financing as disclosed in Note 18, Subsequent Events, of the Consolidated Financial Statements will be sufficient to fund its planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through at least the next 12 months. Our access to funding sources and other credit arrangements in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our current and projected future business operations could be significantly impaired by factors that affect us, the financial institutions with which we have arrangements directly, or the financial services industry or economy in general.
Additionally, Local Bounti's operating plan may change because of factors currently unknown, and Local Bounti may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations. Such financings may result in dilution to stockholders, issuance of securities with priority as to liquidation and dividend and other rights more favorable than common stock, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations, or other restrictions that may adversely affect Local Bounti’s business. In addition, Local Bounti may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if it believes that it has sufficient funds for current or future operating plans. There can be no assurances that financing will be available to Local Bounti on favorable terms, or at all. Failure to raise capital as and when needed could have significant negative consequences for our business, financial condition and results of consolidated operations.
Local Bounti currently relies on a limited number of facilities for its operations.
In 2024, Local Bounti completed construction on two new facilities in Texas and Washington, bringing its total facility count to six. Adverse changes or developments affecting Local Bounti's facilities could impair Local Bounti's ability to produce its products. Any shutdown or period of reduced production, which may be caused by regulatory noncompliance or other issues, as well as other factors beyond Local Bounti's control, such as severe weather conditions, natural disaster, fire, power interruption, work stoppage, disease outbreaks or pandemics (such as COVID-19), equipment failure or delay in supply delivery, would significantly disrupt Local Bounti's ability to grow and deliver its produce in a timely manner, meet its contractual obligations and operate its business. Local Bounti's greenhouse equipment is costly to replace or repair, and its equipment supply chains may be disrupted in connection with pandemics, trade wars or other factors. If any material amount of Local Bounti's machinery were damaged, Local Bounti would be unable to predict when, if at all, it could replace or repair such machinery or find co-manufacturers with suitable alternative machinery, which could adversely affect Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Local Bounti has been operating facilities at commercial capacity for less than five years, which makes it difficult to forecast future results of operations.
The Montana Facility began commercial operations in the second half of 2020, marking the beginning of Local Bounti's first growing season. As a result, Local Bounti's ability to accurately forecast future results of operations is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including its ability to plan for and model future growth. In future periods, revenue growth could slow or revenue could decline for a number of reasons, including slowing demand for Local Bounti's products, increasing competition, a decrease in the growth of the overall market, or Local Bounti's failure, for any reason, to take advantage of growth opportunities. If Local Bounti's assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties and future revenue growth are incorrect or change, or if Local Bounti does not address these risks successfully, its operating and financial results could differ materially from Local Bounti's expectations, and its business could suffer.
The build-out of new facilities and retrofitting of acquired facilities will require significant expenditures for capital improvements and operating expenses and may be subject to delays in construction and unexpected costs due to governmental approvals and permitting requirements, reliance on third parties for construction, delays relating to material delivery and supply chains, and fluctuating material prices.
Local Bounti's build out of new or expanded CEA facilities will be dependent on a number of key inputs and their related costs including materials such as steel, concrete, glass, electrical and mechanical components, and other supplies, as well as electricity and other local utilities. Local Bounti intends to use substantial pre-engineered, pre-fabricated, and standardized components when building our modular facilities. We have developed key partnerships with agricultural and equipment vendors for construction of future CEA facilities. Any significant interruption or negative change in the availability or economics of the supply chain for key inputs could materially impact Local Bounti's business, financial condition and operating results. Moreover, volatile economic conditions may make it more likely that our suppliers and manufacturers may be unable to deliver supplies on time or at all, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to locate alternative suppliers of comparable quality on time and at an acceptable price. In addition, international supply chains may be impacted by events outside of our control, including but not limited to pandemics or other public health crises, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the conflict in Israel and the Gaza Strip, and limit our ability to procure timely delivery of supplies or finished goods and services. At times, we rely on local contractors for the building of our CEA facilities, which could make us susceptible to local economic risks. If Local Bounti or its contractors encounter unexpected costs, delays or other problems in building any CEA facility, Local Bounti's financial position and ability to execute on its growth strategy could be negatively affected. Any inability to secure required materials and services to build out such facility, or to do so on appropriate terms, could have a materially adverse impact on Local Bounti's business, financial condition and operating results. Local Bounti may also face unexpected delays in obtaining the required governmental permits and approvals in connection with the build-out of its planned facilities which could require significant time and financial resources and delay its ability to operate these facilities.
The costs to procure such materials and services to build new or expanded facilities may fluctuate widely based on the impact of numerous factors beyond Local Bounti's control including, international, economic and political trends, foreign currency fluctuations, expectations of inflation, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative
activities and increased or improved production and distribution methods. For example, COVID-19 and its variants in the past impacted worldwide economic activity. Constrained access to materials and services required for Local Bounti to construct and commission new facilities could lead to increased costs or delays that could materially and adversely affect Local Bounti's business.
Global demand on shipping and transport services may cause Local Bounti to experience delays in the future, which could impact Local Bounti's ability to obtain materials or build its facilities in a timely manner. These factors could otherwise disrupt Local Bounti's operations and could negatively impact its business, financial condition and results of operations. Logistical problems, unexpected costs, and delays in facility construction, which cannot be directly controlled by Local Bounti, can cause prolonged disruption to or increased costs of third-party transportation services used to ship materials, which could negatively affect Local Bounti's facility building schedule, and more generally its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. If Local Bounti experiences significant unexpected delays in construction, it may have to delay or limit its production depending on the timing and extent of the delays, which could harm Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operation.
Local Bounti's ability to decrease its cost of goods sold over time is dependent on its ability to scale its operations and Local Bounti may not be able to achieve such decreases due to factors outside of its control such as inflation or global supply chain interruptions.
Local Bounti's future profitability will depend on, among other things, its ability to scale its operations and continuously reduce its cost of goods, enabling Local Bounti to remain cost competitive. Despite Local Bounti's efforts to scale its operations, Local Bounti may not be able to decrease its costs of goods due to factors outside of Local Bounti's control, such as inflation or global supply chain interruptions. Periods of inflation or expectations of inflation could increase Local Bounti's costs of doing business, which is typically an expense recovered through increased product prices. Furthermore, Local Bounti's reliance on third parties to procure certain raw goods from supplier partners exposes Local Bounti to risks including reduced control over product costs, product supply and delivery delays. Supply chain interruptions may make it difficult for suppliers to ship their goods due to reduced capacity at distribution facilities and transportation networks, which may cause an increase in shipping costs. The loss or disruption of supply arrangements and inflation are factors outside of Local Bounti's control which could materially affect Local Bounti's ability to decrease its costs for goods over time.
Any damage to or problems with Local Bounti's CEA facilities could severely impact Local Bounti's operations and financial condition.
If Local Bounti is unable to attain reliable performance of its facilities, there could be severe adverse impact on its business. Local Bounti faces risks including, but not limited to, the following:
•Production Scale. In 2024, we completed construction on two new facilities in Texas and Washington, bringing our total facility count to six. Our newer facilities are much larger than our initial Montana Facility. Local Bounti may encounter unexpected challenges as it operates larger facilities, which could cause it to be unable to operate larger facilities reliably. The inability to operate larger facilities would have a material negative impact on Local Bounti's business and financial condition.
•Channel Mix. Local Bounti relies on making assumptions about the expected channel mix of its facilities. Demand for Local Bounti's products fluctuates due to changes in customer orders which typically do not work on long-term contracts in the produce industry. If Local Bounti is not correct in forecasting demand by channel to achieve its expected results, it may experience a reduced average sales price or a supply-demand imbalance, which could negatively affect its financial performance. Demand for loose leaf lettuce products may also be subject to some degree of seasonality due to consumer behavior. As a result, comparisons of Local Bounti's sales and operating results between different periods may not necessarily be meaningful comparisons. If Local Bounti is unable to operate facilities to reliably achieve the target channel mix on average, there could be material adverse effects on its business, operational results, and financial performance.
•Energy Interruption. Local Bounti grows plants with and without sunlight, thus requiring lighting technology and adequate power supply as primary factors of production. Local Bounti considers the reliability of utilities and related infrastructure as a key factor in its site selection criteria for facility locations. Local Bounti may use generators to maintain energy supply in the case of an outage, but there is no guarantee that power can be maintained or that generators will provide full or redundant coverage to maintain normal operations in the event of a power outage, which could result in reduced crop yield, negative effects on crop quality, or more generally adverse impact to Local Bounti's results of operations.
•Labor. Local Bounti depends on the know-how of its employees and farm operations teams, their experience, and their oversight of the operations of its facilities. Local Bounti relies on access to competitive, local labor supply, including skilled and unskilled positions, to operate its facilities consistently and reliably. Any issues affecting Local Bounti's access to or relations with workers could negatively affect facility operations or financial condition.
•Food Safety and Quality Assurance. Local Bounti is subject to food and safety standards set forth by its own internal practices and by regulatory authorities, including the USDA as Harmonized Good Agricultural Practices (GAP Plus+). The Company is also subject to FDA requirements, including requirements being implemented pursuant to the Food Safety Modernization Act ("FSMA"). Local Bounti's ability to operate facilities reliably may be interrupted for some period of time, or permanently, by any widespread food safety or quality issues involving loose leaf lettuce or other fresh produce, even if not involving Local Bounti's facilities or products at all. Such events could erode consumer confidence in and demand for Local Bounti's products, which could impact its ability to operate facilities reliably, and could generally cause serious adverse effects to Local Bounti's business and financial condition.
•Weather. Local Bounti's ability to operate facilities reliably may be adversely affected by severe weather including hurricanes, tornados, lightning strikes, wind, snow, hail and rain. Such weather events could cause damage or destruction to all or part of Local Bounti's facilities, could interrupt the supply of labor or other inputs necessary to operate the facility, and could affect the customers or distribution channels. The frequency and scale of severe weather events may also make it more difficult or more expensive to obtain property and other insurance at certain facilities. In connection with the impact of unpredictable natural disasters, Local Bounti could experience significant delays in or stoppage of production. Severe weather events or natural disasters could result in significant losses and seriously disrupt Local Bounti's business.
•Community Actions. Local Bounti's failure to engage with and align with communities could lead to community actions that impact facilities access and operations. Such actions could impact individual or even groups of facilities.
•Other Factors Affecting Reliability of Facility Operations. In general, if Local Bounti is unable to grow and harvest product to its internal yield targets and quality standards, package and distribute product, sell at competitive prices, or maintain consistent access to the supply inputs necessary to operate facilities reliably, its operational performance and financial condition could be materially and negatively affected.
In addition, Local Bounti may experience unexpected delays in future building or expansions of facilities for a variety of reasons, including limited labor due to any pandemics or other public health crises or other factors, unexpected construction problems or supply chain disruptions, all of which could harm Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operation.
There can be no assurance that future acquisitions, investments or expansions of scope of existing relationships will have a beneficial impact on Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Local Bounti at times has acquisitions and investments with third parties that its management believes will complement or augment Local Bounti's existing business. Local Bounti's ability to complete acquisitions is dependent upon, and may be limited by, the availability of suitable candidates and capital. In addition, acquisitions, including the Pete's Acquisition, could present unforeseen integration obstacles or costs, may not enhance its business, and/or may involve risks that could adversely affect Local Bounti, including significant amounts of management time that may be diverted from operations to pursue and complete such transactions. Acquisitions, investments or expansion of scope of existing relationships could result in the incurrence of additional debt, costs and contingent liabilities, and there can be no assurance that Local Bounti's acquisitions, investments or expansion of scope of existing relationships will achieve the expected benefits to its business. Any of the foregoing could have material adverse effects on Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Local Bounti may acquire additional greenhouses or other indoor farming operations, which may divert our management's attention and result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We may be unable to integrate additional acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions.
We may evaluate and consider potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions of greenhouses or other indoor farming operations, and other assets in the future. We also may enter into relationships with other businesses to expand our business.
Acquisitions or business relationships may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. In particular, we may encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the business strategy, sales plans, technologies, products, distribution channels, personnel, or operations of the acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired company choose not to work for us, their facilities are not easily adapted to work with our technology, or we have difficulty retaining the customers of any acquired business due to changes in ownership, management, customers' experience with the acquired company prior to acquisition, or otherwise. Acquisitions may also disrupt our business, divert our resources, and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of our existing business. Moreover, the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or business relationship may not be realized or we may be exposed to unknown risks or liabilities.
Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult, and expensive, and our ability to complete these transactions may often be subject to approvals that are beyond our control. Consequently, these transactions, even if announced, may not be completed. For one or more of these transactions, we may:
•issue additional equity securities that would dilute our existing stockholders;
•use cash that we may need in the future to operate our business;
•encounter difficulties retaining key employees of the acquired company or integrating diverse facility operations or business cultures;
•incur large charges or substantial liabilities;
•incur additional debt on terms unfavorable to us or that we are unable to repay;
•divert our resources to understand and comply with new jurisdictions if such acquired company is in a new country; and/or
•become subject to adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation, or deferred compensation charges.
Local Bounti depends on employing a skilled local labor force, and failure to attract and retain qualified employees could negatively impact its business, results of operations and financial condition.
Local Bounti's operations require significant labor, and the growing season for indoor farming is year-round. There is competition for skilled agricultural labor and even if Local Bounti is able to identify, hire and train its labor force, there is no guarantee that Local Bounti will be able to retain these employees. Any shortage of labor or lack of regular availability could restrict Local Bounti's ability to operate its facilities profitably, or at all.
In addition, Local Bounti's success and future growth depend largely upon the continued services of its executive officers as well as other key team members. These executives and key team members have been primarily responsible for determining the strategic direction of the business and executing Local Bounti's growth strategy and are integral to Local Bounti's brand, culture and reputation with distributors and others in the industry. From time to time, there may be changes in Local Bounti's executive management team or other key team members resulting from the hiring or departure of these personnel. The loss of one or more of executive officers or key team members, or the failure by the executive team and key team members to effectively work together and lead the Company, could harm Local Bounti's business. Local Bounti's earlier growth stage may result in less management depth with less established succession planning than may be found in later-stage companies.
In addition, efforts by labor unions to organize Local Bounti's employees could divert management attention away from regular day-to-day operations and increase its operating expenses. Labor unions may make attempts to organize Local Bounti's non-unionized employees. Local Bounti cannot predict whether groups of employees, if any, may seek union representation in the future or the outcome of any collective bargaining. If Local Bounti is unable to negotiate acceptable collective bargaining agreements, it may have to wait through "cooling off" periods, which are often followed by union-initiated work stoppages, including strikes. Depending on the type and duration of any work stoppage, Local Bounti's operating expenses could increase significantly, which could negatively impact its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If Local Bounti fails to develop and maintain its brand, its business could suffer.
The Local Bounti brand is recognized for creating clean, nutritious, locally grown and high-quality products, which Local Bounti believes to be differentiated and enabled by its technology platform. Local Bounti's success depends, in part, on its ability to maintain and grow the value of the Local Bounti brand. Promoting and positioning Local Bounti's brand and reputation will depend on, among other factors, the success of its product offerings, food safety and quality assurance, its marketing and merchandising efforts, its continued focus on the environment and sustainability, and its ability to provide consistent, high-quality products to customers. Any negative publicity, regardless of its accuracy, could impair Local Bounti's business.
Use of social and digital media by Local Bounti, its consumers and third parties increases the speed and extent that information or misinformation and opinions can be shared. Negative publicity about Local Bounti, its partners, or its products on social or digital media could seriously damage Local Bounti's brand and reputation. Brand value is based on perceptions of subjective qualities, and any incident that erodes the confidence of Local Bounti's consumers, customers, distributors, or other strategic partners, including adverse publicity or a governmental investigation, litigation or regulatory enforcement action, could reduce the value of Local Bounti's brand and materially damage its business. If Local Bounti does not achieve and maintain favorable perception of its brand, Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Local Bounti's estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which it competes achieves the forecasted growth, Local Bounti's business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.
Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts, including those Local Bounti has generated itself, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. Variables that go into the calculation of Local Bounti's market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of customers covered by these market opportunity estimates will purchase Local Bounti's products at all or generate any particular level of revenue for Local Bounti. Any expansion in Local Bounti's market depends on a number of factors, including the cost and perceived value associated with its product and those of its competitors. Even if the market in which Local Bounti competes meets the size estimates and growth forecasts, Local Bounti's business could fail to grow at the rate it anticipates, if at all. Local Bounti's growth is subject to many factors, including success in implementing its business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth, should not be taken as indicative of Local Bounti's future revenue or growth prospects.
If Local Bounti cannot maintain its company culture or focus on its vision as it grows, Local Bounti's business and competitive position may be harmed.
Local Bounti strives to deliver the freshest, locally grown produce. Local Bounti relies on its people, their experience, and their relationships. Any failure to preserve Local Bounti's culture or any loss of focus on the Company's mission could negatively affect its ability to retain and recruit personnel, which is critical to growth and pursuit of its strategic goals. As Local Bounti continues to grow, it may find it difficult to maintain important values. If Local Bounti fails to maintain its company culture or mission, its business and competitive position may be harmed.
Local Bounti may be unable to successfully execute on its growth strategy.
Local Bounti may not be successful in implementing its growth strategy, which includes the expansion of its product lines and technological capabilities, and may include the future development of new commercial facilities.
Expansion of Loose-Leaf Lettuce Product Portfolio. Local Bounti expects to continue to develop and commercialize new varieties of loose-leaf lettuce as a source of revenue growth. Local Bounti's research and development efforts focus on new varieties to expand product offerings, enhance farm unit economics, and create competitive advantages. If Local Bounti does not successfully commercialize new varieties of loose-leaf lettuce products, its business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Alternatively, even if Local Bounti does succeed in commercializing new varieties of loose-leaf lettuce products, there can be no guarantee that these products would result in overall growth of Local Bounti's business through incremental revenue or economic benefit, which could materially and adversely affect Local Bounti's financial condition and results of operations.
Expansion into Additional Markets and Verticals. In the future, Local Bounti may pursue new markets, new crops, and new product categories, by leveraging its technology platform to target what the Company may see as opportunities to expand its addressable market. For example, Local Bounti has recently expanded into selling salad kits. If it chooses to pursue such opportunities, Local Bounti will need to prioritize which opportunities it plans to develop, and there can be no guarantee that Local Bounti will select or prioritize ones that ultimately prove appropriate for commercialization. Further, Local Bounti may spend time and resources developing opportunities that may never materialize into new commercial business applications, or that may be developed at the expense of other appropriate commercial opportunities, which may ultimately have been a better selection for reasons such as revenue growth, profitability, market expansion, or other financial and strategic considerations.
New Facilities Expansion. The Company's strategy to develop new and expanded CEA facilities has required substantial time and resources. Local Bounti may make significant investments to identify attractive markets, select and control sites, perform engineering design and local permitting, and construct and commission new facilities.
These facilities require sizeable, useable space for agricultural production, including site-specific requirements such as sufficient access to, reliability of, and cost of utilities and other infrastructure; the ability to obtain the appropriate permits and approvals; adequate local labor availability; road access for input supply and distribution of output for sale; and other requirements.
Local Bounti depends on third party contractors to help build its facilities. If Local Bounti does not effectively manage these projects and relationships, new facilities may not be completed on schedule or within allocated budgets. These delays and increased costs could adversely affect Local Bounti's financial results.
Local Bounti may be unsuccessful in identifying available future sites that support its planned growth strategy, and even if identified, Local Bounti may not be able to lease or purchase the land for any number of reasons. Because of the capital-intensive nature of these projects, Local Bounti will need to prioritize which target regions and which sites it plans to develop, and there can be no guarantee that Local Bounti will select or prioritize sites that will ultimately prove to be appropriate for construction or for operation. Further, Local Bounti may spend time and resources developing sites that may never become developed into facilities or may be developed at the expense of other appropriate sites, which may ultimately have been a better selection for reasons such as profitability, operational reliability, or market accessibility.
If Local Bounti does not align production capacity of its new commercial facilities with consumer demand and efficient distribution channels, or if Local Bounti does not maintain competitive pricing, it may have underutilized assets which do not perform to expected operational results or profitability, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Local Bounti's ability to compete successfully in new geographies depends on its ability to secure placement of its product with new customers, some of which the Company does not have existing relationships with today. Local Bounti's current strategy for new facility development depends on securing new customers such as food retailers and food service distributors. If Local Bounti does not secure placement of its product with customers that can be supplied from new or expanded facilities, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
When entering new geographies or markets, Local Bounti may not attract consumers at the same rate, due to factors such as demographics, price, product selection, brand perception or awareness, or other reasons. If Local Bounti does not attract demand for its products in new markets, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Local Bounti's strategy for new facility development depends on operating facilities that are at significantly larger production scale than its initial facilities. Local Bounti may encounter unexpected challenges at larger facilities, which may be related to construction, engineering and design, operations and logistics, sales and marketing, ramp-up schedule to full capacity, or otherwise.
If Local Bounti is unable to develop and operate facilities at a larger scale than initial facilities, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Local Bounti may not be able to implement its growth strategy successfully. Local Bounti's operating results and financial condition will be adversely affected if it fails to implement its growth strategy or if it invests resources in a growth strategy that ultimately proves unsuccessful.
Local Bounti's operating costs to grow and sell its products may be higher than expected, which could impact its results and financial condition.
If Local Bounti is unable to secure access to inputs on terms consistent with expected costs, there could be material adverse impact on Local Bounti's business. Local Bounti faces operational risks including, but not limited to:
•Utilities. Local Bounti is subject to market prices and may experience fluctuating, rising, or volatile energy costs which could negatively affect its business, financial condition, and results of operation. Utility costs may rise as utility companies shift away from natural gas to address climate-change concerns, among other reasons. Increasingly, federal, state, and local regulators, in particular in southern California where we have significant operations, are limiting the use of natural gas. This will require utility companies to invest significant amounts into transitioning their businesses and operations, which could result in increased costs to their customers, including us. Local Bounti may decide to enter into supply agreements to mitigate such risks, where such options are present on favorable terms, but there is no guarantee of cost to operate its facilities.
•Labor. Local Bounti relies on access to local labor supply, including skilled and unskilled positions. The Company may face pressure to increase wages to attract and retain appropriate staffing of its facilities. Increases to minimum wages or competitive wages may cause Local Bounti's labor costs to run higher than expected, which could negatively affect its financial performance and cash flows.
•Packaging Materials. Local Bounti packages its products in form factors consistent with comparable products to distribute and present on-shelf. If raw material costs increase, or if Local Bounti is unable to achieve its expected packaging materials costs for any reason, its financial performance could be adversely impacted.
•Depreciation and Useful Life of Assets. Local Bounti relies on making assumptions about the expected useful life of the assets used to operate its facilities. If the useful life turns out to be materially shorter than expected, the Company may need to invest additional capital to replace these assets, and the corresponding depreciation expense may be greater than expected which would affect the Company's profitability and
financial condition generally. If the cost of maintaining equipment necessary to its operations is greater than anticipated, it could adversely impact the Company's operations and financial results. There also may be future tax implications of Local Bounti's ability to make accurate assumptions about the expected useful life of its assets, and if Local Bounti is unable to correctly forecast such information, its financial condition could be materially and negatively impacted.
•Seeds and Other Supplies. Local Bounti may rely on certain seed supplies that may be specifically tailored to grow high-quality plants in its CEA facilities. If there were a field crop failure where Local Bounti would have to depend on an alternative supply of seeds from qualified back-up suppliers, the cost of seeds and its impact on production of Local Bounti's products could be negatively impacted for a period of time. Local Bounti also depends on consistent access of other inputs and supplies to operate its facilities reliably, including water supply, nutrients, growth media, food safety testing, sanitation supplies and packaging materials, among others. If the cost of any of these inputs increases materially, then Local Bounti's financial results could be adversely affected.
•Distribution of Finished Goods. Local Bounti may partially rely on third-party distribution and logistics to deliver its products. While the Company believes there to be a competitive market of supply chain service providers, if the cost of such services increases materially due to rising fuel costs, labor costs, or other macroeconomic factors, which may be beyond its control, then Local Bounti's financial results could be materially and negatively impacted.
If Local Bounti's estimates or judgments relating to its critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, its results of operations could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in Local Bounti's Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Local Bounti bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates." The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and judgments involve the useful lives of fixed assets, the valuation of instruments issued for financing and stock-based compensation, and income taxes, among others. Local Bounti's results of operations may be adversely affected if its assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in its assumptions, which could cause the Company's results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of its common stock.
If Local Bounti fails to continue to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, it may not be able to accurately report its financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in Local Bounti.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the past, we have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify material weaknesses in the design or operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the future, these weaknesses could result in material misstatements to our annual or interim Consolidated Financial Statements that might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, or in delayed filing of required periodic reports. If Local Bounti is unable to assert that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, or when required in the future, if the Company's independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of Local Bounti's financial reports, the market price of the common stock could be adversely affected and the Company could become subject to litigation or investigations by the NYSE, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
Public health crises could have an adverse effect on Local Bounti's business, operating results and cash flows.
In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in the past implemented significant measures, including closures, quarantines, travel restrictions and other social distancing directives, intended to control the spread of the virus. Companies in the past have also taken precautions, such as requiring employees to work remotely, imposing travel restrictions and temporarily closing businesses. To the extent that these restrictions are reinstated due to a resurgence of COVID-19 or its variants or another public health crisis or additional prevention and mitigation measures are implemented in the future, there could be an adverse impact on global economic conditions and consumer confidence and spending, which could materially and adversely affect Local Bounti’s operations and demand for its products. The existence of a public health crises, such as a resurgence of COVID-19 or its variants, may
result in a wide variety of impacts to Local Bounti, including market turmoil, labor shortages, supply or distribution disruptions, or lower or more volatile customer or consumer demand. Any of these impacts could negatively impact Local Bounti's business, financial condition, and cash flows.
Risks Related to the Natural Food Market
Local Bounti faces risks inherent in the CEA business, including the risks of diseases and pests.
Local Bounti is subject to the risks inherent in an agricultural business, such as insects, plant diseases and similar agricultural risks, which may include crop losses, for which Local Bounti may not be insured. Although Local Bounti's products are grown in climate-controlled, indoor vertical farms, there can be no assurance that natural elements will not affect the production of these products. In particular, plant diseases or pest infestations are possible and have the potential to materially impact production.
Although Local Bounti has taken and continues to take precautions to guard against crop diseases and pests, these efforts may not be sufficient. In addition, diseases and pests can make their way into greenhouses from outside sources over which Local Bounti has limited or no control. Diseases and pests can be inadvertently brought in by employees, from seeds and propagation vendors and from the trucks that transport supplies to the greenhouse. Once a disease or pest is introduced, Local Bounti will need to quickly identify the problem and take remedial action to preserve the growing season. Failure to identify and remediate any diseases or pests in a timely manner could cause the loss of all or a portion of Local Bounti's crop and result in substantial time and resources to resume operations. In addition, Local Bounti’s California facilities are only partially enclosed from the outside in certain places, meaning that they may be susceptible to risks associated with outside agriculture, such as weather, diseases, and pests. Crop losses because of these CEA and agricultural risks could negatively impact Local Bounti's business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Local Bounti may not be able to compete successfully in the highly competitive natural food market.
Local Bounti operates in the highly competitive natural foods environment. With the importing of crops rapidly increasing, Local Bounti's competition includes large-scale operations in Mexico, Canada and to a lesser extent the western United States. In this market, competition is based on, among other things, product quality and taste, brand recognition and loyalty, product variety, product packaging and package design, shelf space, reputation, price, advertising, promotion, and nutritional or growing-condition claims.
The produce industry generally does not work on long-term contracts and is dependent upon consistent sales targets to be successful. Local Bounti's ability to compete depends in part on its ability to secure placement of its product with customers; moreover, as Local Bounti enters new markets, its ability to compete will depend in part on its ability to secure placement of its products with new customers, some of which Local Bounti does not have existing relationships with today. Similarly, when entering new geographies, Local Bounti may not be able to secure placement of its product with new customers, or its products may not attract end consumers at the same rate, which could materially and adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.
Local Bounti may not be able to compete against competition from traditional field farm operators, both domestic and abroad, as well as from indoor growers or high-tech agricultural startups that are focused on local production within or near major cities, which would take away potential market share from Local Bounti.
Some of these competitors have products that are well accepted in the marketplace today. Further, Local Bounti cannot be certain that it will successfully compete with competitors that may have greater resources, including financial resources, sales resources, technical resources, or other resources. Competitors also may have lower operational costs, and as a result may be able to offer comparable or substitute products to customers at a lower price. This could put pressure on Local Bounti to lower its prices, resulting in reduced profitability or causing Local Bounti to lose market share if it fails to lower prices. Retailers may also market competitive products under their own private labels, which are generally sold at lower prices, and may change the merchandising of Local Bounti's products such that Local Bounti has less favorable placement.
The CEA business is generally capital intensive but has relatively low barriers to entry, and Local Bounti will not be able to prevent competitors from building and operating their own indoor farming sites.
In addition, Local Bounti's ability to compete successfully depends, in large part, on its ability to implement its growth strategy of building additional CEA facilities and expanding its product line. Local Bounti's financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected if it fails to implement its growth strategy or if Local Bounti invests resources in a growth strategy that ultimately proves unsuccessful.
Local Bounti's ability to generate and grow revenue is dependent on its ability to increase the yield in each of the anticipated product lines it intends to grow. If Local Bounti is unable to increase the yield in each or most of these product lines, Local Bounti's project revenue targets may not be achieved on currently anticipated timelines or at all.
If Local Bounti is unable to grow product to its yield targets and quality specifications, its business, prospects, operational performance, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. Local Bounti faces risks including, but not limited to:
•Mechanical Failure. Local Bounti relies on its mechanical designs and equipment to provide the physical space and structures in which plants are grown. It also provides the design and controls related to environmental conditions, nutrient delivery, lighting, conveyance, and other elements necessary to grow plants in its systems. If mechanical issues or failures occur, the yield and quality of Local Bounti's products could be diminished for a period of time, which more generally could negatively impact Local Bounti's operations and financial condition;
•Systems or Software Failure. Local Bounti relies on integrated controls and computing to optimize and control the growing environments for its produce. A failure in these systems or software could reduce output, lower yield or damage crop quality, which negatively impact operations and financial conditions;
•Human Error. Local Bounti relies on the know-how of its operations teams, their experience, and their oversight of the operations of its facilities. If issues are caused by human error during the various phases of seeding, germination, growing, harvesting, or other standard operating procedures, or if Local Bounti employees fail to properly oversee facility operations, then the yield and quality of Local Bounti's products could be diminished, which more generally could have material and adverse effects on Local Bounti's business, operating results, and financial condition; and
•Seed Supply and Quality. Local Bounti may rely on certain seed supplies that may be specifically tailored to grow high-quality plants in its CEA facilities. Seeds may originate from field-grown plants, where seeds are harvested, then bred to generate seed inventory. If there were a field crop failure where Local Bounti would have to rely on an alternative supply of seeds from qualified back-up suppliers, the yield or quality of production of Local Bounti's products could be diminished for a period of time. Bad seed lots, low germination rates, and similar issues that affect growing also could result in Local Bounti's inability to achieve proper and consistent product yields or product quality, which could materially and adversely affect performance, and more generally could negatively impact Local Bounti's business, financial condition and operating results.
Risks Related to Local Bounti's Term Loan Facility
Local Bounti has entered into an agreement with Cargill Financial for a term loan credit facility. The credit facility is secured by all of the Company's and its subsidiaries' assets, including their intellectual property. If we are unable to meet certain conditions precedent, we may not be able to draw down funds available under the facility, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, if there is an occurrence of an uncured event of default, Cargill Financial has the right to foreclose on all of the Company's and its subsidiaries' assets, and securities in the Company could be rendered worthless.
Local Bounti's credit facility with Cargill Financial is secured by all of the Company's and its subsidiaries' assets, including their intellectual property. Additionally, the definitive documentation for the credit facilities states that if Local Bounti defaults on its obligations, Cargill Financial could foreclose on all Local Bounti assets, which would materially harm Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations. The pledge of these assets and other restrictions may also limit Local Bounti's flexibility in raising capital for other purposes. Because all of Local Bounti's assets are pledged under the credit facility, Local Bounti's ability to incur additional secured indebtedness or to sell or dispose of assets to raise capital may be impaired, which could have an adverse effect on Local Bounti's financial flexibility. Further, there are numerous conditions precedent to drawing down amounts available under the credit facility, including that amounts remaining to be drawn are at Cargill Financial's discretion. If we are unable to meet these conditions precedent, we may not be able to draw down funds available under the facilities, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Refer to Note 7, Debt, of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about the credit facility.
Risks Related to Local Bounti's Technology, Intellectual Property and Infrastructure
Local Bounti may need to defend itself against intellectual property infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and could cause Local Bounti to incur substantial costs.
Local Bounti's defense of intellectual property rights claims brought against it or its customers, suppliers and partners, with or without merit, could adversely affect Local Bounti's relationships with its customers, may deter future customers from purchasing its products, could be time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle, divert management
resources and attention and force Local Bounti to acquire intellectual property rights and licenses, which may involve substantial royalty or other payments and may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Further, a party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires Local Bounti to pay substantial damages or obtain an injunction. An adverse determination also could invalidate Local Bounti's intellectual property rights and adversely affect its ability to offer its products to its customers and may require Local Bounti to procure or develop substitute intellectual property that does not infringe, which could require significant effort and expense. Any of these events could adversely affect Local Bounti's business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
The loss of, or failure to achieve, any registered patent, trademark, or other intellectual property rights could enable other companies to compete more effectively with Local Bounti.
We own patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights that are important to our business. Our operations use intellectual property that is patented, and our trademarks are valuable assets that reinforce the distinctiveness of our brand to consumers. We believe that the protection of our patents, trademarks, copyrights and domain names is important to its success. Local Bounti has also invested a significant amount of money in establishing and promoting its trademarked brand. Since inception, we have filed several patents protecting various features of our growing technology, including a patent that has been issued for our Stack & Flow Technology®. We also rely on unpatented proprietary expertise and copyright protection to develop and maintain its competitive position. We believe our continued success depends, to a significant degree, upon our ability to protect and preserve our intellectual property, including patents, trademarks and copyrights.
Local Bounti relies on confidentiality agreements and patent, trademark and copyright law to protect its intellectual property rights. These confidentiality agreements with team members and certain consultants, contract employees, suppliers and independent contractors generally require that all information made known to them be kept strictly confidential.
Local Bounti cannot assure you that the steps it has taken to protect its intellectual property rights are adequate, that Local Bounti's intellectual property rights can be successfully defended and asserted in the future or that third parties will not infringe upon or misappropriate any such rights. In addition, Local Bounti's trademark rights and related registrations may be challenged in the future and could be cancelled or narrowed. Local Bounti's failure to protect its trademark rights could prevent Local Bounti in the future from challenging third parties who use names and logos similar to Local Bounti's trademarks, which may in turn cause consumer confusion or negatively affect consumers' perception of Local Bounti's brand and products. Moreover, intellectual property disputes and proceedings and infringement claims may result in a significant distraction for management and significant expense, which may not be recoverable regardless of whether Local Bounti is successful. Such proceedings may be protracted with no certainty of success, and an adverse outcome could subject Local Bounti to liabilities, force Local Bounti to cease use of certain trademarks or other intellectual property or force Local Bounti to enter into licenses with others. Any one of these occurrences may negatively impact Local Bounti's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Local Bounti relies on information technology systems and any inadequacy, failure, interruption or security breaches of those systems may harm its ability to effectively operate its business.
Local Bounti is dependent on various information technology systems, including, but not limited to, networks, applications and outsourced services in connection with the current and planned operation of its business. A failure of these information technology systems to perform as anticipated could cause Local Bounti's business to suffer. For example, Local Bounti growers are aided in their work by climate and greenhouse operations software. If this software does not perform as anticipated, Local Bounti's operations may be adversely affected resulting in decreased yield or quality, mitigation expenses, waste, additional labor expenses and partial or full loss of the crop.
In addition, Local Bounti's information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from circumstances beyond Local Bounti's control, including fire, natural disasters, systems failures, viruses and security breaches. Any such damage or interruption could negatively impact Local Bounti's business.
Local Bounti uses computers, software and technology in substantially all aspects of its business operations. Local Bounti's employees also use mobile devices, social networking and other online activities to connect with other employees, distributors, customers and consumers. Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breaches, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Cybersecurity incidents are increasing in their frequency, sophistication and intensity and have become increasingly difficult to detect. Local Bounti's business involves sensitive information and intellectual property, including know-how, private information about employees and financial and strategic information about the Company and its business partners. Any cybersecurity incidents, including breaches or attacks, could result in interruptions, delays or cessation of operations and loss of existing or potential suppliers or customers. In addition, breaches of our information technology systems or security measures (including those of our third-party partners) and the unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal, proprietary or confidential information about our business, our business partners, customers or other third parties could expose us to significant potential liability and reputational harm, materially damage our customer and business partner relationships, and subject us to significant reputational, financial, legal, and operational consequences.
Moreover, any breach or attack could result in litigation against us by customers or other third parties whose data is compromised by any attack.
Additionally, the environmental controls systems (which control temperature, water, humidity and other systems) for our facilities could be subject to such cybersecurity risks and incursions, which could result in loss of entire crops in a short amount of time. The loss of crops as the result of such an incident would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
While Local Bounti has implemented and plans to implement measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, these preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or release of sensitive information or intellectual property, or interference with Local Bounti's information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which it relies, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers and distributors, potential liability and competitive disadvantage all of which could negatively impact Local Bounti's business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to our Customers
Local Bounti could be adversely affected by a change in consumer preferences, perception and spending habits in the food industry, and failure to develop and expand its product offerings or gain market acceptance of its products could have a negative effect on Local Bounti's business.
The market in which Local Bounti operates is subject to changes in consumer behavior. Local Bounti's performance will depend significantly on factors that may affect the level and pattern of consumer spending in the U.S. food industry market in which Local Bounti operates, including consumer preference, income, confidence in and perception of the safety and quality of Local Bounti's products and competitive products, and shifts in the perceived value for Local Bounti's products relative to alternatives. Such factors include consumer preference, consumer income, consumer confidence in and perception of the safety and quality of Local Bounti products and shifts in the perceived value for Local Bounti products relative to alternatives.
•Consumer Preferences. Local Bounti's current products include loose leaf and living lettuce, herbs, and pre-packaged salads. There is no guarantee that these products will continue to be demanded by consumers, or that consumers will prefer the products produced by Local Bounti versus competitors. Consumer trends toward crops with lower yields or at lower price points may adversely affect Local Bounti's financial performance. If Local Bounti expands its product offerings to include other produce, it will similarly be impacted by consumer preferences for such products.
•Safety and Quality Concerns. Media coverage regarding the safety or quality of, or diet or health issues relating to, Local Bounti's products or the processes involved in their production, may damage consumer confidence in Local Bounti products. For example, manufacturers and regulatory authorities have issued recalls of loose-leaf lettuce in the past due to issues such as salmonella contamination. Any widespread safety or quality issues of loose-leaf lettuce or other fresh vegetables and herbs-even if not involving Local Bounti-could adversely affect consumer confidence in and demand for such loose leaf lettuce. Further, CEA is a relatively small, new industry, and a food safety incident involving an indoor farming producer other than Local Bounti, including direct competitors, may adversely affect consumer perception of or demand for Local Bounti's products.
•Consumer Income. A general decline in the consumption of Local Bounti products could occur at any time as a result of change in consumer spending habits, including an inability to purchase Local Bounti products due to financial hardship, increased price sensitivity, inflationary concerns, or other local or global economic issues.
•Desire for Sustainable Products. A general decline in the consumption of Local Bounti products could occur at any time as a result of change in consumer spending habits, including an unwillingness to pay a premium for products that are more sustainable or meet sustainability objectives in a manner more in-line with consumer preferences.
•Price Compression. Tomatoes have decreased in price consistently over the past 10 to 15 years due to an increase in production. Loose-leaf lettuce may follow this trend and this could pose a risk to the gross margins of the Company, which could negatively and materially affect the Company's financial performance.
The success of Local Bounti products will depend on a number of factors including Local Bounti's ability to accurately anticipate changes in market demand and consumer preferences, its ability to differentiate the quality of Local Bounti products from those of its competitors, and the effectiveness of marketing and advertising campaigns for Local Bounti products. Local Bounti may not be successful in identifying trends in consumer preferences and growing or developing products that respond to such trends in a timely manner. Local Bounti or its retail partners also may not be able to effectively promote Local Bounti products by marketing and advertising campaigns and gain market
acceptance. If Local Bounti products fail to gain market acceptance, are restricted by regulatory requirements or have quality problems, Local Bounti may not be able to fully recover costs and expenses incurred in its operations, and Local Bounti's business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Demand for lettuce, herbs, and other produce is subject to seasonal fluctuations and may adversely impact Local Bounti's results of operations in certain quarters.
Demand for leafy greens products may be subject to some degree of seasonality due to consumer behavior. As a result, comparisons of Local Bounti's sales and operating results between different periods may not necessarily be meaningful comparisons. If Local Bounti is not correct in forecasting demand and planning its growing seasons accordingly, Local Bounti may experience reduced average sales prices or a supply-demand imbalance, which could adversely impact its results of operations at certain times of the year.
As Local Bounti grows its sales into the retail channel and increase sales through individual retailers, the loss or significant reductions in orders from Local Bounti's top retail customers could have a material adverse impact on its business.
Local Bounti's customers include retailers and food service distributors. A significant portion of our revenue comes from sales to a small number of top retail customers. Local Bounti believes sales to its top retailer customers will continue to constitute a significant portion of its revenue, income and cash flow for the foreseeable future. Local Bounti's inability to resolve a significant dispute with any of its top retail customers, a change in the business condition (financial or otherwise) of any of its top retail customers, even if unrelated to Local Bounti, a significant reduction in sales to any top retail customer, or the loss of any of top retail customer can adversely affect Local Bounti's business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to Legal Matters and Regulations
Local Bounti may be subject to litigation and government inquiries and investigations involving its business, the outcome of which is unpredictable, and an adverse decision in any such matter could have a material effect on Local Bounti's financial position and results of operations.
From time to time, Local Bounti may be party to various claims and litigation proceedings. Local Bounti will evaluate these claims and litigation proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, Local Bounti may establish reserves, as appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. Actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from Local Bounti's assessments and estimates. Local Bounti is not currently party to any material litigation.
Even when not merited, the defense of these lawsuits may divert management's attention, and Local Bounti may incur significant expenses in defending these lawsuits. The results of litigation and other legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse judgments or settlements in some of these legal disputes may result in adverse monetary damages, penalties or injunctive relief against Local Bounti, which could negatively impact its financial position, cash flows or results of operations. Any claims or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could damage Local Bounti's reputation and make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future.
Local Bounti's business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by indemnity or insurance.
While Local Bounti maintains insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions as well as caps on amounts recoverable. Even if Local Bounti believes a claim is covered by insurance, insurers may dispute Local Bounti's entitlement to recovery for a variety of potential reasons, which may affect the timing and, if the insurers prevail, the amount of Local Bounti's recovery. Any settlement or judgment against Local Bounti that exceeds the policy limits or not covered by its policies or not subject to insurance would have to be paid from Local Bounti's cash reserves, which would reduce Local Bounti's capital resources.
Local Bounti's future operations could expose it to the risk of material environmental and regulatory liabilities, including unforeseen costs associated with compliance and remediation efforts, and government and third-party claims, which could have a material adverse effect on Local Bounti's reputation, results of operations and cash flows.
The manufacture and marketing of food products is highly regulated. Local Bounti and its suppliers are subject to a variety of laws and regulations. These laws and regulations apply to many aspects of Local Bounti's business, including the production, packaging, labeling, distribution, advertising, sale, quality, and safety of its products, as well as the health and safety of its employees and the protection of the environment.
Local Bounti is subject to regulation by various government agencies, including the USDA, FDA, FTC, OSHA, and EPA, as well as various state and local agencies. In addition, depending on customer specification, Local Bounti may be subject to certain voluntary, third-party standards, such as Global Food Safety Initiative standards and review by voluntary organizations, such as the Council of Better Business Bureaus' National Advertising Division. Local Bounti could incur costs, including fines, penalties and third-party claims, because of any violations of, or liabilities under, such requirements, including any competitor or consumer challenges relating to compliance with such requirements. The loss of third-party accreditation could result in lost sales and customers, and may adversely affect Local Bounti's business, results of operation, and financial condition. In connection with the marketing and advertisement of its products, Local Bounti could be the target of claims relating to false or deceptive advertising, including under the auspices of the Federal Trade Commission and the consumer protection statutes of some states.
CEA is a relatively new industry lacking a deep body of specific regulations applicable to its operations. As the industry matures, Local Bounti may become subject to new regulations that may adversely affect its business.
The regulatory environment in which Local Bounti operates could change significantly and adversely in the future. Any change in production, labeling or packaging requirements for Local Bounti's products may lead to an increase in costs or interruptions in production, either of which could adversely affect its operations and financial condition. New or revised government laws and regulations could result in additional compliance costs and, in the event of non-compliance, civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, withdrawals, recalls, or seizures and confiscations, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which may adversely affect Local Bounti's business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Political issues and considerations, including potential tariffs, could have a significant effect on Local Bounti's business.
There is uncertainty with respect to, among other things, legislation, regulation and government policy at the federal, state and local levels. Specific legislative and regulatory proposals discussed recently that may adversely impact Local Bounti include, but are not limited to, changes to existing trade agreements, import and export regulations, tariffs, customs duties, income tax regulations and the federal tax code, public company reporting requirements, environmental regulations and antitrust enforcement. Any changes in the political issues and considerations may have a negative impact on Local Bounti's business, its financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Changes in global trade policy could adversely affect our business.
Political leaders in the United States and in other countries have been elected on protectionist platforms, fueling doubts about the future of global free trade. The U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries and has made proposals and taken actions related thereto. In addition, the U.S. government has recently imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods, including steel and aluminum and has indicated a willingness to impose tariffs on imports of other products, including a 25% tariff on all imports from Mexico. Some foreign governments, including China, have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods and have indicated a willingness to impose additional tariffs on U.S. products. Other countries, including Mexico, have threatened retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. products. Global trade disruption, significant introductions of trade barriers and bilateral trade frictions, together with any future downturns in the global economy resulting therefrom, could adversely affect our financial performance. In particular, the United States, Mexico and Canada renegotiated the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the successor United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA”), several provisions were renegotiated and the extent to which they will affect the Mexican economy is still uncertain. There can be no assurance that the USMCA will not be renegotiated, or its terms will continue to drive growth in Mexico, or that U.S. and Mexico trade relations will not deteriorate leading to further imposition of trade barriers. Any trade dispute between the United States and Mexico may have negative effects on the Mexican economy, the exchange rate, inflation and economic prospects, which will in turn negatively affect our business and results of operations.
Product contamination, food-safety and foodborne-illness incidents or advertising or product mislabeling may materially adversely affect Local Bounti's business by exposing Local Bounti to lawsuits, product recalls, or regulatory enforcement actions, increasing Local Bounti's operating costs and reducing demand for its product offerings.
The sale of food products for human consumption involves inherent legal and other risks, including the tampering by unauthorized third parties and risk of illness or injury incidents to consumers. Such incidents may result from foodborne illnesses or other food safety incidents caused by Local Bounti products, or involving its suppliers, including the presence of foreign objects, substances, chemicals, other agents or residues introduced during a product's growing, storage, handling or transportation stages. Any such incident could result in the discontinuance of sales of these products or Local Bounti's relationships with such suppliers, or otherwise result in increased operating costs, regulatory enforcement actions or harm to Local Bounti's reputation. Shipment of adulterated or misbranded products, even if inadvertent, can result in criminal or civil liability. Such incidents could also expose Local Bounti to product
liability, negligence, or other lawsuits, including consumer class action lawsuits. Any claims brought against us may exceed or be outside the scope of Local Bounti's existing or future insurance coverage or limits. Even if a product liability claim against us is unsuccessful or is not fully pursued, the negative publicity surrounding any assertion that our products caused illness or injury could adversely affect our reputation with existing and potential customers, as well as our corporate and brand image. Any claims or judgments against Local Bounti that exceed our insurance coverage limits or that are not covered by our insurance policies or by any indemnification or contribution rights that we may have against others would likely be paid from Local Bounti's cash reserves, which would reduce Local Bounti's capital resources. We maintain product liability insurance; however, we cannot be certain that we will not incur claims or liabilities for which we are not insured or that exceed our insurance coverage amounts.
The occurrence of foodborne illnesses or other food safety incidents could also adversely affect the price and availability of affected raw materials, resulting in higher costs, disruptions in supply and a reduction in sales. Furthermore, any instances of product contamination or regulatory noncompliance, whether or not caused by Local Bounti's actions, could compel Local Bounti, its suppliers, distributors or customers, depending on the circumstances, to conduct a recall in accordance with FDA regulations, and comparable state laws. Food recalls could result in significant losses due to their costs, the destruction of product inventory, lost sales due to the unavailability of the product for a period of time, potential loss of existing distributors or customers and a potential negative impact on Local Bounti's ability to attract new customers due to negative consumer experiences or because of an adverse impact on Local Bounti's brand and reputation. The costs of a recall could be outside the scope of Local Bounti's existing or future insurance policy coverage or limits. Moreover, we believe governmental scrutiny and public awareness of food safety issues is also increasing. We are subject to governmental inspection, laws and regulations, and we believe our facilities comply in all material respects with applicable laws and regulations; however, we cannot be certain that consumption of our products will not cause health-related illness or injury incidents in the future or that we will not be subject to claims or lawsuits relating to such matters.
In addition, food companies have been subject to targeted, large-scale tampering as well as to opportunistic, individual product tampering, and Local Bounti, like any food company, could be a target for product tampering. Forms of tampering could include the introduction of foreign material, chemical contaminants and pathogenic organisms into consumer products as well as product substitution. FDA regulations require companies like Local Bounti to analyze, prepare, and implement mitigation strategies specifically to address tampering designed to inflict widespread public health harm. If Local Bounti does not adequately address the possibility, or any actual instance, of product tampering, Local Bounti could face possible seizure or recall of its products, suspension of its facilities' registrations, and/or the imposition of civil or criminal sanctions, which could materially adversely affect Local Bounti's business, financial condition and operating results.
Local Bounti's brand and reputation may be diminished due to real or perceived quality or food-safety issues with its products, which could negatively impact Local Bounti's business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.
Real or perceived quality or food safety concerns or failures to comply with applicable food regulations and requirements, whether or not ultimately based on fact and whether or not involving Local Bounti (such as incidents involving Local Bounti's competitors), could cause negative publicity and reduced confidence in Local Bounti's brand or products, which could in turn harm its reputation and sales, and could adversely affect its business, financial condition and operating results. Brand value is also based on perceptions of subjective qualities, such as appearance and taste, and any incident that erodes the loyalty of Local Bounti's consumers, including changes to product appearance, taste or packaging, could significantly reduce the value of Local Bounti's brand and significantly damage its business.
Local Bounti also has no control over its products once a third-party distributor takes possession of them. Distributors or consumers may store Local Bounti products under conditions and for periods of time inconsistent with the USDA, the FDA, and other governmental guidelines, which may adversely affect the quality and safety of Local Bounti's products.
If consumers do not perceive Local Bounti's products to be of high quality or safe, then the value of its brand would be diminished, and its business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected. Any loss of confidence on the part of consumers in the quality and safety of Local Bounti's products would be difficult and costly to overcome. Any such negative effect could be exacerbated by Local Bounti's market positioning as a socially conscious grower of high-quality produce and may significantly reduce Local Bounti's brand value. Issues regarding the safety of any of Local Bounti's products, regardless of the cause, may harm its brand, reputation and operating results.
Local Bounti's operations are subject to regulation by the USDA, the FDA and other federal, state and local regulation, and while Local Bounti intends to comply with all such applicable regulations, there is no assurance that Local Bounti will be in compliance with all such regulations.
Local Bounti's operations are subject to extensive regulation by the USDA, the FDA and other federal, state and local authorities. Specifically, Local Bounti is subject to the requirements of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and regulations promulgated thereunder by the FDA. This comprehensive regulatory program governs, among other things, the growing, packaging, labeling and safety of food. Under this program, the FDA requires that facilities that grow and pack, food products comply with a range of requirements, including standards for the growing, harvesting, packing and holding of produce. Our facilities are subject to periodic inspection by federal, state and local authorities. If Local Bounti cannot successfully grow products that conform to its specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the USDA, the FDA or other federal applicable regulations, Local Bounti may be subject to adverse inspectional findings or enforcement actions, which could materially impact Local Bounti's ability to market its products, or could result in a recall of Local Bounti products that have already been distributed. While Local Bounti intends to comply with all such applicable regulations, there is no assurance that Local Bounti will at all times be in compliance will all such regulations. If the USDA, the FDA (under the FSMA) or a comparable regulatory authority determines that Local Bounti has not complied with the applicable regulatory requirements, Local Bounti's business may be materially impacted.
Local Bounti seeks to comply with applicable regulations through a combination of employing internal experience and expert personnel to ensure quality-assurance compliance (i.e., assuring that products are not adulterated or misbranded) and contracting with third-party laboratories that conduct analyses of products to identify any potential contaminants before distribution. Failure by Local Bounti to comply with applicable laws and regulations or maintain permits, licenses or registrations relating to its operations could subject Local Bounti to civil remedies or penalties, including fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, warning letters, restrictions on the marketing or production of products, or refusals to permit the import of raw materials, as well as potential criminal sanctions, which could result in increased operating costs resulting in a material effect on Local Bounti's operating results and business.
Failure by any suppliers of raw materials to comply with food safety, environmental or other laws and regulations, or with the specifications and requirements of Local Bounti's products, may disrupt Local Bounti's supply of products and adversely affect its business.
If Local Bounti's current or future suppliers of raw materials fail to comply with food safety, environmental, or other laws and regulations, or face allegations of non-compliance, Local Bounti's operations may be disrupted. Additionally, downstream distribution partners are required to maintain the quality of Local Bounti products and to comply with Local Bounti's standards and specifications. In the event of actual or alleged non-compliance, Local Bounti might be forced to find alternative suppliers and may be subject to lawsuits related to such non-compliance by such suppliers. As a result, Local Bounti's supply of produce and finished inventory could be disrupted or Local Bounti's costs could increase, which would adversely affect Local Bounti's business, results of operations, and financial condition. The failure of any supplier to comply with Local Bounti's specifications and requirements could adversely affect Local Bounti's reputation in the marketplace and result in product recalls, product liability claims, and economic loss. Additionally, actions Local Bounti may take to mitigate the impact of any disruption or potential disruption in its supply of produce, including increasing inventory in anticipation of a potential supply or production interruption, may adversely affect Local Bounti's business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Climate change, or legal, regulatory, or market measures to address climate change, may negatively affect our business and operations.
There is growing concern that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may have an adverse impact on global temperatures, weather patterns, and the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters. Climate change could have a negative effect on the productivity of our growing facilities, which could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations. The increasing concern over climate change also may result in more regional, federal, or global legal and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases or climate change. If new regulations are enacted, our costs of operations may increase, including but not limited to increased energy, environmental, and other costs and capital expenditures. In particular, increasing regulation of fuel emissions could increase the distribution and supply chain costs associated with our products. As a result, climate change may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The unavailability, reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives could negatively impact Local Bounti's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes, the reduced need for such subsidies and incentives due to the perceived success of Local Bounti's operations or other reasons may result in the diminished competitiveness of the CEA facility industry generally or Local Bounti products in particular. This could materially and adversely affect Local Bounti's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Securities
The price of our securities may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.
The trading price of our common stock is often volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond Local Bounti's control. These factors include:
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in operating results;
•failure to meet or exceed financial estimates and projections of the investment community or that Local Bounti provides to the public;
•issuance of new or updated research or reports by securities analysts or changed recommendations for the industry in general;
•announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations or capital commitments;
•operating and share price performance of other companies in the industry or related markets;
•the timing and magnitude of investments in the growth of the business;
•actual or anticipated changes in laws and regulations;
•additions or departures of key management or other personnel;
•increased labor costs;
•disputes or other developments related to our business, intellectual property or other proprietary rights, including litigation;
•the ability to market new and enhanced solutions on a timely basis;
•sales of substantial amounts of common stock by Local Bounti's directors, executive officers or significant stockholders or the perception that such sales could occur;
•changes in capital structure, including future issuances of securities or the incurrence of debt; and
•general economic, political and market conditions.
In addition, the stock market in general, and the stock prices of technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of common stock, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management's attention and resources.
Local Bounti has never paid cash dividends on our capital stock and does not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.
Local Bounti has never paid cash dividends on our capital stock and currently intends to retain any future earnings to fund the growth of its business. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend on Local Bounti's financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that the Board may deem relevant. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be the sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
Anti-takeover provisions contained in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and applicable laws could impair a takeover attempt.
Our Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws afford certain rights and powers to the Board that could contribute to the delay or prevention of an acquisition that it deems undesirable. Local Bounti is also subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL") and other provisions of Delaware law that limit the ability of stockholders in certain situations to effect certain business combinations. Any of the foregoing provisions and terms that have the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for
stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for the common stock.
Local Bounti is subject to risks related to taxation in the United States.
Significant judgments based on interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations are required in determining Local Bounti's provision for income taxes. Local Bounti's effective income tax rate could be adversely affected by various factors, including, but not limited to, changes in the mix of earnings in tax jurisdictions with different statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in existing tax policies, laws, regulations or rates, changes in the level of non-deductible expenses (including share-based compensation), changes in the location of Local Bounti's operations, changes in Local Bounti's future levels of research and development spending, mergers and acquisitions or the results of examinations by various tax authorities. Although Local Bounti believes its tax estimates are reasonable, if the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or any other taxing authority disagrees with the positions taken on its tax returns, Local Bounti could have additional tax liability, including interest and penalties. If material, payment of such additional amounts upon final adjudication of any disputes could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position.
Changes to applicable tax laws and regulations or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect Local Bounti's business and future profitability.
Local Bounti is a U.S. corporation and thus subject to U.S. corporate income tax on its worldwide income. Further, since Local Bounti's operations and customers are located throughout the United States, Local Bounti is subject to various U.S. state and local taxes. U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax laws, policies, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to Local Bounti and may have an adverse effect on its business and future profitability.
As a result of plans to expand Local Bounti's business operations, including to jurisdictions in which tax laws may not be favorable, its obligations may change or fluctuate, become significantly more complex or become subject to greater risk of examination by taxing authorities, any of which could adversely affect Local Bounti's after-tax profitability and financial results.
As Local Bounti's business expands domestically and possibly internationally, its effective tax rates may fluctuate widely in the future. Future effective tax rates could be affected by operating losses in jurisdictions where no tax benefit can be recorded under U.S. GAAP, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws. Factors that could materially affect Local Bounti's future effective tax rates include, but are not limited to changes in tax laws or the regulatory environment, changes in accounting and tax standards or practices, changes in the composition of operating income by tax jurisdiction and pre-tax operating results of Local Bounti's business.
Additionally, Local Bounti may be subject to significant income, withholding, and other tax obligations in the United States and may become subject to taxation in numerous additional state and local and non-U.S. jurisdictions with respect to income, operations and subsidiaries related to those jurisdictions. Local Bounti's after-tax profitability and financial results could be subject to volatility or be affected by numerous factors, including the availability of tax deductions, credits, exemptions, refunds and other benefits to reduce tax liabilities, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, if any, the expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances, the tax treatment of stock-based compensation, changes in the relative amount of earnings subject to tax in the various jurisdictions, the potential business expansion into, or otherwise becoming subject to tax in, additional jurisdictions, changes to existing intercompany structure (and any costs related thereto) and business operations, the extent of intercompany transactions and the extent to which taxing authorities in relevant jurisdictions respect those intercompany transactions, and the ability to structure business operations in an efficient and competitive manner. Outcomes from audits or examinations by taxing authorities could have an adverse effect on Local Bounti's after-tax profitability and financial condition. Additionally, the IRS and several foreign tax authorities have increasingly focused attention on intercompany transfer pricing with respect to sales of products and services and the use of intangibles. Tax authorities could disagree with Local Bounti's intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters and assess additional taxes. If Local Bounti does not prevail in any such disagreements, Local Bounti's profitability may be affected.
Local Bounti's after-tax profitability and financial results may also be adversely affected by changes in relevant tax laws and tax rates, treaties, regulations, administrative practices and principles, judicial decisions and interpretations thereof, in each case, possibly with retroactive effect.
Local Bounti's ability to use its NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.
As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $595.6 million of federal and state NOL carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. These NOL carryforwards can be indefinitely carried forward by the Company, but the deductibility of such NOLs and certain tax credits in any given year is usually limited and may be further limited by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). In general, under Section 382, a corporation
that undergoes an “ownership change,” as defined in the Code, is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-ownership change NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we have experienced changes in our share ownership as a result of the merger of Legacy Local Bounti into Leo Holdings III Corp in November 2021, which may limit the future use of our NOLs pursuant to Section 382 of the Code. Also, future changes in our stock ownership, some of which are outside of our control, could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Code; if that occurs, our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited. Furthermore, our ability to utilize NOLs of companies that we may acquire in the future may be subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Code. For these reasons, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of our reported NOLs as of December 31, 2024, even if we attain profitability, which could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
One of Local Bounti's most significant assets is its direct and indirect interests in its subsidiaries and, accordingly, Local Bounti is dependent upon distributions from its subsidiaries to pay taxes and cover its corporate and other overhead expenses and pay dividends, if any, on the common stock.
Local Bounti is a holding company and its most significant asset is its direct and indirect equity interests in its subsidiaries. Local Bounti has no independent means of generating revenue. To the extent Local Bounti's subsidiaries have available cash, Local Bounti will cause its subsidiaries to make distributions of cash to pay taxes, cover Local Bounti's corporate and other overhead expenses and pay dividends, if any, on the common stock. To the extent that Local Bounti needs funds and its subsidiaries fail to generate sufficient cash flow to distribute funds to Local Bounti or are restricted from making such distributions or payments under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of their financing arrangements, or are otherwise unable to provide such funds, Local Bounti's liquidity and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
There is no guarantee that the 2021 warrants will be in the money at the time they become exercisable, and they may expire worthless.
The 2021 warrants were previously listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “LOCL WS”. The warrants were delisted from the NYSE in November 2023. The exercise price for our 2021 warrants is $149.50 per share of common stock. There is no guarantee that the 2021 warrants will be in the money following the time they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, and as such, they may expire worthless.
We may amend the terms of the 2021 warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of 2021 warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding 2021 warrants. As a result, the exercise price of the 2021 warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of a public warrant could be decreased, all without a holder's approval.
The 2021 warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The agreement provides that the terms of the 2021 warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding 2021 warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of 2021 warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the 2021 warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding 2021 warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the 2021 warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then-outstanding 2021 warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the 2021 warrants, convert the 2021 warrants into cash or stock (at a ratio different than initially provided), shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of a public warrant.
We may redeem unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to warrant holders, thereby making their warrants worthless.
We have the ability to redeem outstanding warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of the common stock equals or exceeds $234.00 per share (as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split (as defined below)) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we give proper notice of such redemption and provided certain other conditions are met. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force you to exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, to sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants, or to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the Private Warrants will be redeemable by us for cash so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees.
In addition, we may redeem your warrants after they become exercisable for a number of shares of common stock determined based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the common stock. Any such redemption
may have similar consequences to a cash redemption described above. In addition, such redemption may occur at a time when the warrants are "out-of-the-money," in which case you would lose any potential embedded value from a subsequent increase in the value of the common stock had your warrants remained outstanding.
We may issue a substantial number of additional shares of common stock under an employee incentive plan. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our stockholders and likely present other risks.
We may issue additional shares of common stock under an employee incentive plan. The issuance of additional common stock:
•may significantly dilute the equity interests of our investors;
•could cause a change in control if a substantial number of shares of common stock are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our NOL carryforwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and
•may adversely affect prevailing market prices for the common stock.
Our failure to meet the NYSE's continued listing requirements could result in the suspension of trading of our common stock and a subsequent delisting of our common stock.
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE. The NYSE requires us to continue to meet certain listing standards. On April 3, 2024, we received a written notice (the "Notice") from the NYSE that we were not in compliance with the continued listing standards set forth in Rule 802.01B of the NYSE Listed Company Manual (the “Minimum Market Capitalization Standard”) because our average global market capitalization over a consecutive 30 trading-day period was less than $50 million and, at the same time, our last reported stockholders' equity (deficit) was less than $50 million. Subsequently, we submitted, and the NYSE accepted, a plan setting forth the actions we were taking that were designed to regain compliance with the Minimum Market Capitalization Standard within 18 months of receipt of the Notice (the “Market Capitalization Cure Period”). Our common stock continues to be listed and traded on the NYSE during the Market Capitalization Cure Period, subject to compliance with other NYSE continued listing standards and continued quarterly review by the NYSE of our progress with respect to the plan. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to satisfy any of the steps outlined above and maintain the listing of our common stock on the NYSE.
If we are unable to meet other continued listing requirements of the NYSE, including, among other things, the requirement of maintaining a minimum average closing price of $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30-trading-day period, we would fall below compliance standards and risk having our common stock delisted. In addition, in the event of an abnormally low share price of our common stock and/or we fail to maintain an average market capitalization of at least $15 million over a consecutive 30-trading-day period, we would be subject to immediate delisting under the NYSE’s rules without any opportunity to cure. While we would intend to appeal either decision, there is no assurance that any appeal would be successful.
Delisting from the NYSE would make trading our common stock more difficult for investors, potentially leading to declines in our share price and liquidity. In addition, without a NYSE market listing, stockholders may have a difficult time getting a quote for the sale or purchase of our common stock, the sale or purchase of our common stock would likely be made more difficult and the trading volume and liquidity of our common stock could decline. Delisting from the NYSE could also result in negative publicity and could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital. The absence of such a listing may adversely affect the acceptance of our common stock as currency or the value accorded by other parties. If our common stock is delisted by the NYSE, our common stock may be eligible to trade on an over-the-counter quotation system, such as the pink sheets or OTCQB market, where an investor may find it more difficult to sell our common stock or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock. We cannot assure you that our common stock, if delisted from the NYSE, would be eligible to be listed on another national securities exchange or quoted on an over-the-counter quotation system.
Future sales of shares by existing stockholders and future exercise of registration rights may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your shares of our common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. The majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock are freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. We have also entered into a registration rights agreement with certain holders of our common stock under which we have granted certain registration rights with respect to certain shares and warrants held by these holders. We have also entered into a warrant agreement with Cargill Financial which grants Cargill Financial certain registration rights with respect to the shares underlying such warrants.
We are unable to predict the effect that sales, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock. If current stockholders sell, or
indicate an intent to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly and make it difficult for us to raise funds through securities offerings in the future. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly and make it difficult for us to raise funds through securities offerings in the future.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about Local Bounti, its business or its market, or if they change their recommendations regarding the common stock adversely, the price and trading volume of the common stock could decline.
The trading market for the common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about Local Bounti, its business, its market or its competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover Local Bounti change their recommendation regarding the common stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about its competitors, the price of the common stock would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover Local Bounti were to cease their coverage or fail to regularly publish reports on Local Bounti, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the stock price or trading volume of Local Bounti securities to decline.
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act") permits "emerging growth companies" like us to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, and as a result, investors may find our common stock less attractive, there may be a less active trading market for the common stock, and our share price may be more volatile.
We qualify as an "emerging growth company" as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements, and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they deem important. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following March 2, 2026, the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering, (ii) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion (as adjusted for inflation pursuant to SEC rules from time to time) or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of the shares of common stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our prior second fiscal quarter, and (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three year period.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as we are an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
We cannot predict if investors will find the common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find the common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for the common stock and our share price may be more volatile.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
Our principal executive offices are located in Hamilton, Montana. In addition, we have CEA facilities in Montana, Washington, California, Georgia, and Texas. The table below sets forth certain information regarding these properties as of December 31, 2024:
Facility Type/Use Location Owned/Leased* Size (sq. ft.)
Montana Production Facility Hamilton, MT Leased 93,544
Vacant Land for Future Production Facility Hamilton, MT Owned 874,685
Carpinteria Production Facility Carpinteria, CA Leased 558,000
Oxnard Production Facility Oxnard, CA Leased 663,000
Georgia Production Facility Byron, GA Owned 347,269
Texas Production Facility Mount Pleasant, TX Owned 459,158
Washington Production Facility Pasco, WA Owned 244,101
_____________________
*Owned facilities are subject to a first-priority lien under the Credit Agreements with Cargill Financial.
We believe our facilities are adequate and suitable for our current needs. If necessary, suitable additional or alternative space will be available to accommodate our operations.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. We have received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights. Future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves, our partners, and our customers by determining the scope, enforceability, and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish our proprietary rights. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the trading symbol "LOCL."
Holders of Common Stock
As of December 31, 2024, there were 42 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees.
Dividend Policy
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to the requirements of applicable law and compliance with contractual restrictions or covenants in the agreements governing our current and future indebtedness. Any such determination will also depend on our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, industry trends, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
There were no unregistered sales of our equity securities during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that were not previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Reserved

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements, including the Notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Section entitled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As discussed in more detail in the section entitled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," this discussion contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause those differences include those discussed in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our Mission and Vision
Our mission is to revolutionize agriculture, ensuring accessibility to fresh, sustainable, locally grown produce to nourish communities everywhere for generations to come. Our vision is to reimagine freshness. We envision a future where transformative innovation and technology combine to enable us to grow produce locally with minimal food miles, ensuring the freshest and most sustainable offerings for communities everywhere. We believe that happy plants make happy taste buds, and we are committed to reimagining the standards of freshness. We also believe that local is the best kind of business, and we are committed to helping communities thrive for generations to come. We are committed to building empowered local teams. Together, we believe we are capable of extraordinary achievements in sustainable agriculture.
Company Overview
Local Bounti is a controlled environment agriculture ("CEA") company that produces sustainably grown produce, focused primarily on living and loose leaf lettuce, arugula, spinach, and basil. Founded in 2018 and headquartered in Hamilton, Montana, Local Bounti utilizes its patented Stack & Flow Technology® to grow healthy food sustainably and affordably. Our proprietary process is a hybrid growing approach, utilizing vertical farming in early plant growth, followed by greenhouse farming for final grow out. We designed our Stack & Flow Technology® to give our products exactly what they need at every step of their growth cycle. Our goal is to grow in an environmentally sustainable manner that not only increases harvest efficiency and enhances unit economics, but also limits water usage and reduces the carbon footprint of the production and distribution process. Controlling the environmental conditions in both the 'Stack' and 'Flow' components of our growing system helps to ensure healthy, nutritious, and consistent products that are non-genetically modified organisms ("non-GMO"). We use 90% less water, 90% less land, and significantly less pesticides and herbicides than traditional outdoor agriculture operations.
Our first facility in Hamilton, Montana (the "Montana Facility") commenced construction in 2019 and reached commercial operation by the second half of 2020. In 2022, we acquired California-based complementary greenhouse farming company Hollandia Produce Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, which operated under the name Pete's. Through the Pete's Acquisition, we significantly increased our growing footprint to include two then-existing facilities in California and one under-construction facility in Georgia. The Georgia facility initially became operational in July 2022 and was significantly expanded in 2023. In 2024, we completed construction on two new facilities in Washington and Texas, bringing our total facility count to six.
We distribute our products to approximately 13,000 retail locations across 35 U.S. states, primarily through direct relationships with blue-chip retail customers, including Albertsons, Sam's Club, Kroger, Target, Walmart, Whole Foods, Brookshire's, H-E-B, Sprouts, and AmazonFresh. Our primary products include living butter lettuce - for which we are a leading provider with an approximate 80% share of the CEA market within the Western U.S. - as well as packaged leafy greens and cress. We recently introduced new Grab & Go Salads and additions to our baby leaf portfolio with several high-velocity offerings, including Spinach, Arugula, and Basil. In addition, we introduced 50/50 blend and power greens in the third quarter of 2024. We signed an offtake agreement with Sam's Club in October 2022 for our leafy greens production, initially from our Georgia facility and now including both our Georgia and Texas facilities. The offtake agreement provides for the sale of defined minimum quantities of leafy greens from our Georgia and Texas facilities and runs through September 2028.
We intend to continue to increase our production capacity and expand our reach to new markets, new geographies, and new customers through the building of new facilities, the expansion of existing facilities, or the acquisition of existing greenhouse facilities, which we would evaluate to update with our Stack & Flow Technology®. We conduct an ongoing build-versus-buy analysis whenever we decide to build a new facility or acquire an existing facility. We also continue to explore expanding our product offerings to new varieties of fresh greens, herbs, berries, and other produce. Additionally, we evaluate commercial opportunities as part of these expansion efforts on an ongoing basis.
Commercial Facilities Update
Texas Facility Product Mix Transition Progress
We continue to make significant progress at our six-acre Texas facility. In response to evolving customer demands, we strategically reconfigured three acres of the facility-originally designed for head lettuce production-to create a flexible growing environment capable of producing both head lettuce and cut products based on customer preferences. This purposeful design approach highlights our commitment to adaptability and customer-centric operations. While this reconfiguration temporarily impacted the full utilization of the facility in the second half of 2024 and first quarter of 2025, we are now in the final stages of completing this work and expect to begin commercial production in this section starting in the second quarter of 2025. The purpose-built automated harvesting equipment for the configuration will be installed early third quarter 2025, replacing the temporary harvester we will use during the second quarter of 2025. The purpose-built harvester is expected to drive significant operational efficiencies and margin improvement.
Capacity Expansion Project Update
Plans remain in place to build additional capacity across our network of facilities enabled with our patented Stack & Flow Technology®. The planned expansions are designed to provide additional capacity and allow for our growing product assortment to meet existing demand from our direct relationships with blue-chip retailers and distributors. The timing and scope of these projects, including plans to expand into the Midwest, remain under review pending ongoing discussions with retailers to optimize those facilities for specific products in support of retail commitments and strategies to expand distribution.
Product Development & Distribution
We expanded our high-value specialty greens distribution in the fourth quarter of 2024, bringing products like Arugula and Power Crisp to several Pacific Northwest retailers. We also expanded our Texas-grown Arugula offering with Brookshire's in approximately 80 stores in the first quarter of 2025 and began distributing Organic Living Butter Lettuce from California to HEB, strategically leveraging regional production to align with specific customer needs. Additionally, we started shipping living Basil to an existing large retail customer across approximately 60 stores and secured distribution with several other wholesalers for their Basil products.
We further strengthened our distribution network by establishing a new partnership with a prominent Midwest wholesaler and significantly expanded our relationship with Walmart, now serving 191 stores with premium baby leaf varieties. We also secured an additional commitment to serve 13 Walmart distribution centers with our Conventional Living Butter Lettuce, with shipments commencing in the second quarter from both our California and Texas facilities.
Building on our Grab-and-Go Salad Kit rollout in 2024, we have evolved this offering to better serve retail partners and consumer trends. This evolution included the launch of new salad kits in the first quarter 2025, with additional flavors expected to be introduced in the third quarter of 2025, as well as the creation of a new product line that meets the needs of today’s value-oriented consumer. These developments reflect our strategy of implementing an optimized product mix while aligning production capabilities with specific customer needs.
Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We have expended, and we expect to continue to expend, substantial resources as we:
•Complete construction and commissioning of new and expanded facilities;
•Standardize operating and manufacturing processes across our facilities, including increased expenses associated with growing operations;
•Identify and invest in future growth opportunities, including new product lines;
•Invest in product innovation and development;
•Invest in sales and marketing efforts to increase brand awareness, engage customers, and drive sales of our products; and
•Incur additional general administration expenses
Critical Accounting Estimates
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting estimates are more fully described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain of our accounting estimates are particularly important to our financial position and results of operations and require us to make complex and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our management uses its judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our critical accounting policies that involve significant estimates and judgments of management include the following:
Derivatives
On March 28, 2023, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, the Company and certain subsidiaries entered into a Sixth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Sixth Amendment") with Cargill Financial. In connection with the Sixth Amendment, we issued Cargill Financial 5.4 million warrants with a per share exercise price of $13.00 per share (both number of warrants and per share exercise price adjusted for the June 15, 2023 Reverse Stock Split (as defined in Note 11, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), to our Consolidated Financial Statements)) and a 5-year term that expires on March 28, 2028 (the "March 2023 Cargill Warrant"). On January 23, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to amend the March 2023 Cargill Warrant. The amendment amended the exercise price of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant from $13.00 to $6.50 per share of common stock (refer to Note 7, Debt, of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about the amendment to the March 2023 Cargill Warrant).
Due to certain provisions that could result in the issuance of additional shares upon settlement, the warrant instrument did not meet the fixed-for-fixed criteria necessary for the instrument to be classified and recorded within equity. As a result, the March 2023 Cargill Warrant is accounted for at fair value until settled through exercise or expiration and is classified as a derivative warrant liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, in accordance with ASC Topic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity.
The initial $25.7 million fair value of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant was recorded as additional debt discount and a derivative liability in the "Warrant Liability" line item of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in fair value of the warrant is remeasured each quarter until the instrument is settled or expires with changes in fair value recorded in "Change in fair value of warrant liability" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Determining the appropriate fair-value model and calculating the fair value of warrants requires considerable judgment. Any change in the estimates used may cause the value to be higher or lower than that reported. The derivative is not traded in an active market and the fair value is determined using valuation techniques. The estimates may be significantly different from those recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements because of the use of judgment and the inherent uncertainty in estimating the fair value of these instruments that are not quoted in an active market.
We utilize a Black-Scholes option pricing model ("Black-Scholes model") to estimate the fair value of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant at each reporting date. The application of the Black-Scholes model utilizes significant assumptions and estimates to determine an appropriate risk-free interest rate, volatility, term, dividend yield, discount due to exercise restrictions, and the fair value of common stock. Any significant adjustments to the unobservable inputs would directly impact the fair value of the warrant liability. As a result of the unobservable inputs that were used to determine the expected volatility of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant, the fair value measurement of these warrants reflected a Level 3 measurement within the fair value measurement hierarchy.
Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets include property and equipment. We evaluate groups of long-lived assets for impairment triggers annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these asset groups may not be recoverable.
If we identify any event or circumstance that triggers an impairment assessment, we measure the recoverability of assets to be held and used by comparing the carrying amount of an asset group to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated by that asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, we then assess whether the situation is more than temporary. If it is determined that the future cash flows are more than temporary, we will record an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value.
Evaluating each long-lived asset group for impairment triggers requires us to estimate the amounts and timing of the projected cash flows to be generated over an extended period. Management judgment used to identify impairment triggers is based on numerous potential factors, including but not limited to a decrease in market price; an adverse change in how the asset is used, its physical condition, or the legal or business climate; an excess of accumulated costs over initial expectations; a significant decline in actual or expected operating results; or the expectation that the asset group will be sold or disposed of prior to its previously expected life.
Long-lived assets that are held and used are tested for impairment at the asset group level. An asset group is the unit of account for a long-lived asset or assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. Since each Company greenhouse facility is able to generate identifiable cash flows, each of our facilities is considered to be an asset group. The Company did not recognize any impairment of long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Goodwill
We account for acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting which requires that the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed be recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values.
Goodwill is not subject to amortization and is reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth fiscal quarter, or earlier whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Our impairment tests are based on a single reporting unit structure. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, with an impairment charge recognized for the difference.
When reviewing goodwill for impairment, we begin by performing a qualitative assessment, which includes, but is not limited to, reviewing factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, budget-to-actual performance, and trends in market capitalization for us and our peers. As a result of this qualitative assessment in the fourth quarter of 2023, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit was less than its carrying value. Therefore, we performed a subsequent quantitative assessment. After performing the quantitative impairment test in accordance with ASC 350-20-35-3C, we determined that the carrying amount of our single reporting unit exceeded the fair value of the reporting unit, resulting in a goodwill impairment of $38.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. No goodwill remained on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023
The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 $ Change % Change
(in thousands)
Sales $ 38,138 $ 27,557 10,581 38%
Cost of goods sold(1)(2)
34,048 25,341 8,707 34%
Gross profit 4,090 2,216 1,874 85%
Operating expenses:
Research and development(1)(2)
22,287 16,086 6,201 39%
Selling, general and administrative(1)(2)
40,771 64,559 (23,788) (37)%
Goodwill impairment - 38,481 (38,481) 100%
Total operating expenses 63,058 119,126 (56,068) (47)%
Loss from operations (58,968) (116,910) 57,942 (50)%
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of warrant liability 811 18,483 (17,672) 100%
Interest expense, net (58,923) (25,745) (33,178) 129%
Other (expense) income, net (2,822) 157 (2,979) (1897)%
Net loss $ (119,902) $ (124,015) 4,113 (3)%
(1) Amounts include stock-based compensation as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 $ Change % Change
(in thousands)
Cost of goods sold
$ 73 $ 123 (50) (41)%
Research and development
274 1,464 (1,190) (81)%
Selling, general and administrative
3,001 14,687 (11,686) (80)%
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized $ 3,348 $ 16,274 (12,926) (79)%
(2) Amounts include depreciation and amortization as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 $ Change % Change
(in thousands)
Cost of goods sold
$ 6,137 $ 3,513 2,624 75%
Research and development
7,631 2,505 5,126 205%
Selling, general and administrative
5,103 7,114 (2,011) (28)%
Total depreciation and amortization $ 18,871 $ 13,132 5,739 44%
The following sections discuss and analyze the changes in the significant line items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the comparative periods in the table above.
Sales
We derive our revenue from the sale of produce grown at our six facilities.
Sales increased by $10.6 million to $38.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was due to increased production and growth in sales from our facility in Georgia and sales from our new facilities in Texas and Washington, which began shipping and selling products in the second quarter of 2024.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold is the direct cost of growing produce for sale at our greenhouse facilities, including labor costs, which consists of wages, salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, seeds, soil, nutrients and other input supplies, packaging materials, depreciation, utilities, and other manufacturing overhead. As we scale our business, we expect the cost of goods sold to decrease over time as a percentage of sales.
Cost of goods sold increased by $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, due primarily to production ramp-up at our new Texas and Washington facilities and increased production at our Georgia facilities.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses primarily consist of costs associated with the ongoing development, improvement, testing, alteration, and refinement of our product offerings, production lines, manufacturing processes, growing techniques, and post-harvest packaging methods. Our research and development efforts focus on enhancing each facility’s indoor environmental controls, growing recipes, and refining Stack & Flow Technology® processes, all aimed at meeting facility design and production yield specifications. Additionally, we also focus on the development of new leafy green product offerings, value-added products such as Grab & Go Salads, and new crops, including spinach, arugula, basil, and berries. Research and development activities are conducted at the facilities in Montana, Texas, Washington, California, and Georgia.
Research and development costs increased by $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase is driven primarily by the additional development of our production, harvesting, and post-harvest packaging techniques and processes, including production surplus costs, related to the development and testing of our commercial-scale Stack & Flow Technology® and production processes at the Washington and Texas facilities.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist of employee compensation, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation for our executive, legal, finance, information technology, human resources and sales and marketing teams, expenses for third-party professional services, insurance, marketing, advertising, computer hardware and software, and amortization of intangible assets, among others.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily driven by a $12.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation that was a result of prior year awards that were issued at a higher fair value that fully vested and were expensed in prior periods, as compared to the fair value of awards being expensed in the current period. Additional decreases as compared to the prior year period were a $3.9 million decrease in salaries, benefits, and payroll-related expenses, $3.6 million decrease in legal, accounting, and professional consulting costs, and a $2.9 million decrease in loss on disposals charges primarily for construction-in-progress assets, which was partially offset by an increase of $1.0 million in insurance, and an increase of $0.9 million in transportation and delivery costs.
Goodwill Impairment
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized a goodwill impairment of $38.5 million. There was no goodwill impairment recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability
The change in fair value of warrant liability includes the mark-to-market adjustments to the warrant liability to reflect its fair value as of the end of the reporting period. The decrease in fair value of the warrant liability is due to the decrease in our closing stock price on December 31, 2024, compared to the closing stock price on December 31, 2023. The period-end close stock price is a key input to the Black-Scholes model we use to measure and estimate the fair value of the warrant at the end of each reporting period.
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense consists primarily of contractual interest and amortization of debt issuance costs, net of interest capitalized for construction assets, related to the loans with Cargill Financial, and also interest recognized per the terms of our financing obligation related to the Montana Facility and the California Facilities. We capitalize interest costs on borrowings during the construction period of major construction projects as part of the cost of the constructed assets.
Interest expense, net increased by $33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase is primarily due to a significant increase in the principal amount outstanding on the Senior Facility, which increased interest expense by $31.6 million over the prior year period. Also contributing to the net increase was $1.5 million of incremental interest expense for the financing obligations related to the California Facilities. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we capitalized $10.8 million and $14.9 million of interest, respectively.
Other (expense) income, net
Other (expense) income consists primarily of a $3.0 million write-off of financing fees related to unsuccessful efforts in raising additional capital during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have incurred losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since our inception. At December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $423.2 million and cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $7.5 million.
As of December 31, 2024, the principal amount due under our credit facilities with Cargill Financial totaled $467.9 million, of which $20.2 million is classified as current. We also had accrued interest of $15.3 million as of December 31, 2024. These debt agreements contain various financial and non-financial covenants and certain restrictions on our business, which include restrictions on additional indebtedness, minimum liquidity and other financial covenants, and material adverse effects that could cause us to be at risk of default. A failure to comply with the covenants and other provisions of these debt instruments, including any failure to make payments when required, would generally result in events of default under such instruments, which could result in the acceleration of a substantial portion of such indebtedness.
The CEA business is capital-intensive. Currently, our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash on hand, cash flows generated from the sale of our products, and the credit facilities with Cargill Financial. Cash expenditures over the next 12 months are expected to include general operating costs for employee wages and related benefits, outside services for legal, accounting, IT infrastructure, and costs associated with growing, harvesting, and selling our products, such as the purchase of seeds, soil, nutrients, and other growing supplies, shipping and fulfillment costs, and facility maintenance costs.
The Company's expectation of generating operating losses and negative operating cash flows in the future, and the need for additional funding to support the Company's planned operations initially raised substantial doubt regarding its ability to continue as a going concern. However, based on management's current operating plan, the Company believes its cash on hand, projected cash generated from product sales, as well as the PIPE Financing completed on March 31, 2025, which provided $25.0 million of additional working capital, as disclosed in Note 18, Subsequent Events, of the Consolidated Financial Statements, are sufficient to fund the Company's operations for a period of a least 12 months subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and alleviates the conditions that initially raised substantial doubt regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
We also believe additional cash can be secured through other debt, equity financings, or sale leaseback financing, if necessary. However, there can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available to us should we need it or, if available, that the terms will be satisfactory to us and not dilutive to existing shareholders. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in Item 1A, Risk Factors. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed could have significant negative consequences for our business, financial condition, and results of consolidated operations.
Cargill Loans
In September 2021, the Company and Cargill Financial entered into the Senior Facility and the Subordinated Facility. Subsequent to the amendments described in Note 7, Debt, of the Consolidated Financial Statements, Cargill Financial may, at its discretion, provide advances under the Facilities of up to $393.7 million (plus interest and fees paid in kind), including capital to fund construction at the Company’s facilities in Georgia, Texas, and Washington, subject to certain conditions. As of December 31, 2024, a total of $54.6 million and $413.4 million was outstanding on the Subordinated Facility and the Senior Facility, respectively. The Subordinated Facility and the Senior Facility are included in "Long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs" and "Short-term debt" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At December 31, 2024, our principal and estimated interest payment obligations for the Senior Facility and the Subordinated Facility are as follows(1):
(in thousands)
2025 $ 68,026
2026 90,701
2027 90,701
2028 472,248
Total $ 721,676
_____________________
(1)Interest is calculated based on a 12.5% interest rate for the Subordinated Facility and a 12.8% interest rate for the Senior Facility effective as of January 1, 2025.
Financing Obligations
We have two financing obligations related to failed sale leaseback transactions for the California Facilities and the Montana Facility (see Note 8, Financing Obligations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail on these transactions).
The following table summarizes future aggregate financing obligation payments by fiscal year for both the California Facilities and the Montana Facility:
Financing Obligation
(in thousands)
2025 $ 5,024
2026 5,158
2027 5,296
2028 5,439
2029 5,584
Thereafter 115,949
Total financing obligation payments 142,450
Cash Flow Analysis
A summary of our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities is presented in the following table:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2024 2023
Net cash used in operating activities
$ (27,061) $ (33,157)
Net cash used in investing activities
(82,454) (162,265)
Net cash provided by financing activities
100,086 187,379
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year
16,895 24,938
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year
$ 7,466 $ 16,895
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $27.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to a net loss of $119.9 million. This was partially offset by non-cash activities of $50.3 million in paid-in-kind interest, $15.3 million in depreciation expense, $8.4 million in amortization of debt issuance costs, $3.6 million in amortization expense, $3.3 million in stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized, $1.7 million in loss on disposal of property and equipment, and a $8.8 million net increase of cash from changes in assets and liabilities.
Net cash used in operating activities was $33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to a net loss of $124.0 million, which included a non-cash gain of $18.5 million related to change in fair value of warrant liability. This was partially offset by non-cash activities of $38.5 million in goodwill impairment, $24.0 million in paid-in-kind interest, $16.3 million in stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized, $7.3 million in amortization of debt issuance costs, $7.2 million in depreciation expense, $5.9 million in amortization expense, $4.7 million in loss on disposal of property and equipment, and a $5.1 million net increase of cash from changes in assets and liabilities.
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $82.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, due primarily to purchases of equipment and other items for the Washington, Georgia, and Texas facilities.
Net cash used in investing activities was $162.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, due primarily to purchases of equipment and other items for the Washington, Georgia, and Texas facilities.
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $100.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, comprised primarily of $100.1 million of net proceeds from the issuance of debt.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $187.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, comprised of $152.6 million of proceeds from the issuance of debt and $35.0 million of proceeds from the sale and leaseback transaction for the California Facilities. See Note 9, Financing Obligations, in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail on the sale and leaseback transaction.
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and for so long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies until the earlier of the date we (1) are no longer an emerging growth company or (2) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For more information about recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - WithumSmith+Brown, PC (PCAOB ID No. 100)
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Local Bounti Corporation
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Local Bounti Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2021.
Whippany, New Jersey
March 31, 2025
PCAOB ID Number 100
LOCAL BOUNTI CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
December 31,
2024 2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 937 $ 10,326
Restricted cash
6,529 6,569
Accounts receivable, net
2,282 3,078
Inventory, net
6,814 4,210
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
2,261 2,805
Total current assets
18,823 26,988
Property and equipment, net
370,978 313,166
Finance lease right-of-use assets 277 -
Operating lease right-of-use assets
73 172
Intangible assets, net
37,783 41,353
Other assets
101 73
Total assets
$ 428,035 $ 381,752
Liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 16,987 $ 14,640
Accrued liabilities 18,082 17,204
Short-term debt 20,205 -
Financing obligation 51 -
Operating lease liabilities 30 97
Finance lease liabilities 81 -
Total current liabilities
55,436 31,941
Long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs 416,577 277,985
Financing obligation, noncurrent 49,856 49,225
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 57 114
Finance lease liabilities, noncurrent 206 -
Warrant liability 6,403 7,214
Total liabilities
528,535 366,479
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders' equity (deficit)
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized; 8,656,122 and 8,311,237 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively
1 1
Additional paid-in capital
322,729 318,600
Accumulated deficit
(423,230) (303,328)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)
(100,500) 15,273
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)
$ 428,035 $ 381,752
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
LOCAL BOUNTI CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Sales
$ 38,138 $ 27,557
Cost of goods sold(1)(2)
34,048 25,341
Gross profit
4,090 2,216
Operating expenses:
Research and development(1)(2)
22,287 16,086
Selling, general and administrative(1)(2)
40,771 64,559
Goodwill impairment
- 38,481
Total operating expenses
63,058 119,126
Loss from operations
(58,968) (116,910)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of warrant liability 811 18,483
Interest expense, net (58,923) (25,745)
Other (expense) income, net
(2,822) 157
Net loss
$ (119,902) $ (124,015)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders per common share:
Basic and diluted
$ (14.14) $ (15.61)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted
8,480,247 7,943,874
(1) Amounts include stock-based compensation as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Cost of goods sold
$ 73 $ 123
Research and development
274 1,464
Selling, general and administrative
3,001 14,687
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized $ 3,348 $ 16,274
(2) Amounts include depreciation and amortization as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Cost of goods sold
$ 6,137 $ 3,513
Research and development
7,631 2,505
Selling, general and administrative
5,103 7,114
Total depreciation and amortization $ 18,871 $ 13,132
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
LOCAL BOUNTI CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands, except share data)
Voting Common Stock Additional Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit Total Stockholders'
Equity (Deficit)
Shares Amount
Balance, December 31, 2022 7,976,980 $ 1 $ 300,645 $ (179,313) $ 121,333
Cash paid for fractional shares from the Reverse Stock Split (552) - (3) - (3)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net 334,809 - - - -
Stock-based compensation - - 17,958 - 17,958
Net loss - - - (124,015) (124,015)
Balance, December 31, 2023 8,311,237 1 318,600 (303,328) 15,273
Vesting of restricted stock units, net 344,885 - - - -
Stock-based compensation - - 4,129 - 4,129
Net loss - - - (119,902) (119,902)
Balance, December 31, 2024 8,656,122 $ 1 $ 322,729 $ (423,230) $ (100,500)
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
LOCAL BOUNTI CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Operating Activities:
Net loss
$ (119,902) $ (124,015)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation 15,301 7,212
Amortization 3,570 5,920
Stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized 3,348 16,274
Allowance for credit losses (103) 5
Inventory allowance 498 62
Loss on disposal of property and equipment 1,651 4,709
Gain related to change in fair value of warrant liability (811) (18,483)
Paid-in-kind interest 50,283 23,977
Amortization of debt issuance costs 8,401 7,283
Write-off of financing fees 1,228 -
Interest on financing obligation 682 313
Goodwill impairment - 38,481
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 899 (392)
Inventory (3,102) (678)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 544 776
Other assets (28) (48)
Accounts payable 6,643 (66)
Operating lease liabilities (25) (96)
Finance lease liabilities 37 -
Accrued liabilities 3,825 5,609
Net cash used in operating activities
(27,061) (33,157)
Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment (82,454) (162,265)
Net cash used in investing activities
(82,454) (162,265)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from financing obligation - 35,000
Proceeds from issuance of debt 100,113 152,608
Principal payment on finance lease liabilities (27) -
Payment of debt modification or issuance costs - (226)
Fractional shares paid in cash pursuant to Reverse Stock Split - (3)
Net cash provided by financing activities
100,086 187,379
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
(9,429) (8,043)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
16,895 24,938
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$ 7,466 $ 16,895
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash from the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 937 $ 10,326
Restricted cash
6,529 6,569
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ 7,466 $ 16,895
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net of interest capitalized $ 5,545 $ 4,039
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued interest capitalized to debt $ 50,283 $ 14,889
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 7,243 $ 3,118
Non-cash transfer from property and equipment, net to other assets $ 1,228 $ -
Stock-based compensation capitalized to property and equipment, net $ 781 $ 1,860
Warrants issued in connection with debt modification $ - $ 25,697
Non-cash equity settlement on employee receivable $ - $ 176
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
LOCAL BOUNTI CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Business Description
Description of the Business
Local Bounti Corporation ("Local Bounti" or the "Company") was founded in August 2018 and is headquartered in Hamilton, Montana. The Company produces sustainably grown produce, focused primarily on living and loose leaf lettuce, arugula, spinach, and basil. The Company is a controlled environment agriculture ("CEA") company that utilizes patented Stack & Flow Technology®, which is a hybrid of vertical and hydroponic greenhouse farming, to grow healthy food sustainably and affordably. Through the Company's CEA process, its goal is to produce environmentally sustainable products in a manner that will increase harvest efficiency, limit water usage, and reduce the carbon footprint of the production and distribution process.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements herein.
Liquidity and Going Concern
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 205-40, Going Concern, the Company’s management has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the Consolidated Financial Statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists under this methodology, the Company's management evaluates whether the mitigating effect of its plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of its plans, however, is only considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the Consolidated Financial Statements are issued.
The Company's expectation of generating operating losses and negative operating cash flows in the future, and the need for additional funding to support the Company's planned operations initially raised substantial doubt regarding its ability to continue as a going concern. However, based on management's current operating plan, the Company believes its cash on hand, projected cash generated from product sales, as well as the PIPE Financing completed on March 31, 2025, which provided $25.0 million of additional working capital as disclosed in Note 18, Subsequent Events, are sufficient to fund the Company's operations for a period of a least 12 months subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and alleviates the conditions that initially raised substantial doubt regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to the valuation of instruments issued for stock-based compensation, the March 2023 Cargill Warrant liability, inventory valuation reserve, valuation of acquired intangibles and goodwill in business combinations, impairment analysis for goodwill and other intangible assets, and income taxes, among others. The Company bases these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
Significant Risks and Uncertainties
The Company is subject to risks common in the consumer products and agriculture industries and those common to early-stage development companies. These include, but are not limited to, the possibility of not being able to successfully develop or market its products, competition, dependence on key personnel and key external alliances, the ability to maintain and establish relationships with current and future vendors and suppliers, the successful protection of its proprietary technologies, compliance with government regulations, and the possibility of not being able to obtain additional financing when needed.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid, short-term investments with an original maturity date of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
The Company maintains its cash with major financial institutions that may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash is restricted from general use through legal contracts. As described in more detail below, and using terms defined in Note 8, Financing Obligations, as part of the April 2023 California Facilities Lease transaction, Hollandia delivered to the lessor a letter of credit in an amount of approximately $6.5 million as security for the full and faithful performance by Hollandia of the terms, provisions, covenants and conditions of the California Facilities Lease. In the event of default under the California Facilities Lease, the lessor would have the right to draw on the letter of credit to satisfy any monetary obligations under the California Facilities Lease. The letter of credit will be released after five years, contingent on achieving certain financial metrics as specified in the California Facilities Lease. The $6.5 million for the letter of credit is included in "Restricted cash" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable includes billed receivables and is presented net of an allowance for credit losses. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, current market conditions, customers’ financial condition, the age of the receivables, and current payment patterns. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted, and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The allowance for credit losses represents the Company’s best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The allowance for credit losses was nominal at December 31, 2024 and $0.1 million at December 31, 2023.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value may be based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis, whereby inputs used in valuation techniques are assigned a hierarchical level. The following are the hierarchical levels of inputs to measure fair value:
•Level 1-This level consists of quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities.
•Level 2-This level consists of observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data.
•Level 3-This level consists of unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available.
A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs are amortized into interest expense over the terms of the related loan agreements using the effective interest method or other methods which approximate the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs related to debt instruments are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability.
The Company expensed $3.0 million in financing fees related to unsuccessful efforts in raising additional construction debt financing during the year ended December 31, 2024, which is included in "Other (expense) income, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Inventory
Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. Inventory write-downs are recorded for shrinkage, damaged, stale, and slow-moving items.
The assessment of inventories' recoverability and the amounts of any write-downs are based on currently available information and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Produce demand may fluctuate significantly over time, and actual demand and market conditions may be more or less favorable than the Company's projections. Additional inventory write-downs may be required if actual demand is lower than initially projected. Periodic reviews are performed on the inventory balance. The impact of changes in inventory reserves is reflected in cost of goods sold.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for additions and improvements are capitalized; expenditures for maintenance and repairs that neither materially add to the value of the property nor appreciably prolong its economic life are charged to expense as incurred.
Assets to be disposed of are reported as assets held for sale at the lower of the carrying amount or the asset's fair value less cost to sell, and depreciation is ceased. Upon sale or other disposition of an asset, the Company recognizes a gain or loss on disposal measured as the difference between the net carrying amount of the asset and the net proceeds received.
The Company recognized $1.7 million and $4.7 million of asset disposal losses during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These asset disposals were related to certain growing technology systems and equipment that will not be utilized in the Company's current facilities under construction or in future construction projects and were the result of the Company’s assessment of current growing process advancements and the alignment of its technology platform across Company facilities. Loss on disposal is included in "Selling, general and administrative” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are as follows:
Asset Class Estimated Useful Life
Greenhouse Facility 30 years
Production Equipment 5 to 15 years
Office Equipment 3 years
Leasehold Improvements Shorter of lease term or useful life of asset
Capitalization of Interest
The Company capitalizes interest on capital projects in accordance with ASC 835-20, Capitalization of Interest, which requires the capitalization of interest costs to get certain assets ready for their intended use. The Company capitalizes interest costs on borrowings during the construction period of major construction projects as part of the cost of the constructed assets. Interest is capitalized based on the interest rate applicable to specific borrowings or the weighted average of the rates applicable to other borrowings during the period. Capitalization of interest ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. The Company amortizes capitalized interest to depreciation expense using the straight-line method over the same lives as the related assets.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized interest expense of $10.7 million and $14.9 million, respectively.
Intangible Assets, Net
Definite-lived intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or over the pattern in which the economic benefit is expected to be consumed.
Goodwill
The Company records goodwill when consideration paid in a purchase acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible assets and the identified intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate impairment may exist.
The Company's impairment tests are based on a single reporting unit structure. The goodwill impairment test consists of one step comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company identified indicators of impairment related to goodwill due to the significant decline in the Company’s stock price. Management concluded that due to the sustained decrease in its stock price and related market capitalization throughout 2023, it was more likely than not that the Company’s fair value was less than its carrying amount. After performing the quantitative impairment test in accordance with ASC 350, the Company determined that the carrying amount of its single reporting unit exceeded the fair value of the reporting unit, resulting in a full impairment of goodwill for $38.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates intangible assets and other long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. This includes but is not limited to significant adverse changes in business climate, market conditions, or other events that indicate an asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the carrying amount of these assets, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. The Company did not recognize any impairment of intangible assets and other long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception of a contract, and leases are classified at commencement as either operating or finance leases. Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: (i) the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, (ii) the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, (iii) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or (iv) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any of these criteria.
For operating leases, the Company recognizes a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet. ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and the lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The lease liability is determined as the present value of future lease payments over the lease term. The ROU asset is based on the lease liability adjusted for any prepaid lease payments or lease incentives.
Lease expense for lease payments under operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, amortization expense related to finance lease ROU assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the earlier of the useful life of the ROU asset or the lease term and interest expense is recognized based on the effective interest method using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.
Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the recognition date in determining the present value of future payments for leases that do not have a readily determinable implicit rate.
The Company utilizes certain practical expedients and policy elections available under ASC 842. The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases (leases with an initial term of 12 months or less), and the Company has elected to separate lease and non-lease components for all existing classes of assets.
Operating lease expense for fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments to the lessor, such as maintenance, utilities, insurance, and real estate taxes, are expensed as incurred. For further discussion, see Note 9, Leases.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s principal business is producing and selling sustainably grown fresh greens through CEA facilities. Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the product is transferred or passed to the customer in amounts that reflect the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods. Control over the product generally passes to the customer based upon applicable shipping terms, which typically occurs when products leave the Company’s facilities with the first transportation carrier.
Customer contracts do not include more than one performance obligation. Product prices are based on agreed-upon rates with customers and do not include a financing component or noncash consideration. Also, the Company’s customer contracts do not include variable consideration, and product sales are recorded net of discounts, returns, and promotional allowances. Consideration given to customers for cooperative advertising is recognized as a reduction of revenue except to the extent there is a distinct good or service, in which case the expense is classified as selling or marketing expense. Provisions for discounts, returns, and promotional allowances were not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company’s product sales do not typically include return rights, but the Company may offer, in certain cases, an assurance-type warranty to refund or replace the product if it does not meet quality specifications and such nonconformity is communicated to the Company within a set number of days of shipment. Refunds are recognized as a reduction of revenue based on a historical rate of experience when the product sale is consummated. Also, an estimate of the cost to replace a returned product is based on a historical rate of experience and recognized as a liability and related expense when the product sale is consummated. Product returns have not been material to date.
The Company does not have unbilled receivable balances arising from customer transactions. Payment terms are generally between 10 and 30 days.
The Company does not capitalize contract inception costs, as contracts (in the form of purchase orders from customers) are one year or less, and the Company does not incur significant fulfillment costs requiring capitalization.
The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude sales and similar taxes from the transaction price.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses primarily consist of costs associated with the ongoing development, improvement, testing, alteration, and refinement of the Company's product offerings, production lines, manufacturing processes, growing techniques, and post-harvest packaging methods. The Company's research and development efforts focus on enhancing each facility’s indoor environmental controls, growing recipes, and refining Stack & Flow Technology® processes, all aimed at meeting facility design and production yield specifications. Additionally, the Company also focuses on the development of new leafy green product offerings, value-added products such as Grab & Go Salads, and new crops, including spinach, arugula, basil, and berries. Research and development activities are conducted at the facilities in Montana, Texas, Washington, California, and Georgia.
Derivatives
Equity instruments issued in connection with debt and other equity instruments are required to be evaluated for derivative liability accounting treatment in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Unless certain exception criteria are met, the freestanding financial instrument or embedded feature must be recognized as a separate liability and subsequently measured on the balance sheet at fair value in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement.
The Company has evaluated the terms and features of its debt and equity instruments and identified a freestanding equity-linked instrument (the March 2023 Cargill Warrant) issued in connection with the Sixth Amendment that did not meet the criteria necessary to qualify for the derivative scope exception. See Note 7, Debt, and Note 10, Fair Value Measurements, for more information related to the Sixth Amendment and the March 2023 Cargill Warrant, respectively. Due to certain provisions that could result in the issuance of additional shares upon settlement, the warrant instrument did not meet the fixed-for-fixed criteria necessary for the instrument to be classified and recorded within equity. As a result, the warrant is accounted for at fair value until settled through exercise or expiration and is classified as a derivative liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The initial $25.7 million fair value of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant was recorded as additional debt discount to the Facilities (as defined below) and a derivative liability in the "Warrant liability" line item of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in fair value of the warrant is remeasured each quarter until the instrument is settled or expires with changes in fair value recorded in "Change in fair value of warrant liability" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the warrant liability is determined using a Black-Scholes model. See Note 7, Debt, for more information.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all equity-based awards made to employees, directors, and non-employees based on estimated fair values recognized over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718, Stock-Based Compensation. The Company recognizes compensation expense for all equity-based awards with service vesting requirements on a tranche-by-tranche basis using the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the award’s vesting period. Forfeitures of awards are accounted for in the period in which they occur.
Advertising
Advertising expenses are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred advertising expenses of $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Advertising expenses are included in "Selling, general and administrative" expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Under this method, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for income tax purposes and operating losses carried forward, measured by applying tax rates based on currently enacted tax laws.
Valuation allowances are calculated, when necessary, to reduce the net deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Changes in the valuation allowances occurring in subsequent periods are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions based upon its estimate of whether and the extent to which additional taxes will be due when such estimates are more likely than not to be sustained. Uncertain income tax positions are not recognized if there is less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. The Company reviews the tax reserves as circumstances warrant and adjusts the reserves as events occur that affect its potential liability for additional taxes. The Company follows the applicable guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition with respect to tax positions. The Company reflects interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities as a component of income tax expense.
Concentrations of Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents accounts with financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality. The Company is exposed to risk in the event of default by these financial institutions or the issuers of these securities to the extent that the balances are in excess of amounts that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
The Company's receivables are derived from revenue earned from customers in the United States. The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of business and requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts related to estimated credit losses.
Significant customers are those customers who represent 10% or more of total revenue during the year or 10% or more of net accounts receivable at the balance sheet date.
At December 31, 2024, there was one significant customer that accounted for approximately 27% of the Company's accounts receivable. For the year ended December 31, 2024, one customer represented approximately 34% of the Company's revenue.
At December 31, 2023, there was one significant customer that accounted for approximately 34% of the Company's accounts receivable. For the year ended December 31, 2023, three individual customers represented more than 10% of total revenue. In aggregate, these three customers represented approximately 37% of the Company's revenue.
Contingencies
Loss contingencies (other than income tax-related contingencies) arise from actual or possible claims and assessments and pending or threatened litigation that may be brought against the Company by individuals, governments, or other entities. Based on the Company's assessment of loss contingencies at each balance sheet date, a loss is recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements if it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
Segment Reporting
The Company has a single operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources.
Emerging Growth Company
Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act") exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The Company qualifies as an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, and therefore intends to take advantage of certain exemptions from various public company reporting requirements, including delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until those standards apply to private companies. The effective dates shown in the Accounting Pronouncements sections shown below reflect the election to use the extended transition period.
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with liability and equity characteristics, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The standard reduces the number of models used to account for convertible instruments, removes certain settlement conditions required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and requires the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share for all convertible instruments. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2024. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2024. Refer to Note 15, Segment Reporting, for disclosures required by this ASU.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires additional disclosures and disaggregation of certain costs and expenses presented on the face of the income statement. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The requirements in ASU 2024-03 can be applied on a retrospective or prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which requires disclosure of specific categories and disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table. The ASU also requires disclosure of disaggregated information related to income taxes paid, income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. Inventory
Inventory, net consisted of the following:
December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Raw materials $ 2,349 $ 1,843
Production 5,515 3,010
Finished goods 202 110
Inventory valuation allowance (1,252) (753)
Total inventory, net $ 6,814 $ 4,210
4. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Machinery, equipment, and vehicles $ 115,373 $ 44,169
Land 19,253 19,253
Buildings and leasehold improvements 258,864 66,754
Construction-in-progress 6,039 196,324
Less: Accumulated depreciation (28,551) (13,334)
Property and equipment, net $ 370,978 $ 313,166
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $15.3 million and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
5. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Value Remaining Useful Life (Years)
Customer relationships $ 40,200 $ (6,909) $ 33,291 13.25
Trade name 7,400 (2,908) 4,492 4.25
Total: $ 47,600 $ (9,817) $ 37,783
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Value Remaining Useful Life (Years)
Customer relationships $ 40,200 $ (4,397) $ 35,803 14.25
Trade name 7,400 (1,850) 5,550 5.25
Non-compete agreements 4,700 (4,700) - 0
Total: $ 52,300 $ (10,947) $ 41,353
As of December 31, 2024, future amortization expense is expected to be as follows (in thousands):
2025 $ 3,570
2026 3,570
2027 3,570
2028 3,570
2029 2,777
Thereafter 20,726
Total $ 37,783
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company identified indicators of impairment related to goodwill due to the significant decline in the Company’s stock price. Management concluded that due to the sustained decrease in its stock price and related market capitalization throughout 2023, it was more likely than not that the Company’s fair value was less than its carrying amount. After performing the quantitative impairment test in accordance with ASC 350, the Company determined that the carrying amount of its single reporting unit exceeded the fair value of the reporting unit, resulting in a full impairment of the goodwill asset for the year ended December 31, 2023.
6. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Interest $ 15,293 $ 9,786
Construction 46 2,995
Payroll 631 2,596
Production 704 690
Professional services 295 411
Other 1,113 726
Total accrued liabilities $ 18,082 $ 17,204
7. Debt
Debt consisted of the following:
December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Senior Facility $ 413,359 $ 269,395
Subordinated Facility 54,564 48,132
Unamortized deferred financing costs (31,141) (39,542)
Total debt 436,782 277,985
Less: Short-term portion (20,205) -
Total long-term debt $ 416,577 $ 277,985
Agreements with Cargill Financial
On September 3, 2021, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and certain subsidiaries entered into (a) a credit agreement (the "Senior Credit Agreement") with Cargill Financial for an initial amount of up to $150.0 million multiple-advance term loan (the "Senior Facility") and (b) a subordinated credit agreement (the "Subordinated Credit Agreement" and, together with the Senior Credit Agreement, the "Original Credit Agreements") with Cargill Financial for an initial amount of up to $50.0 million multiple-advance term loan (the "Subordinated Facility" and, together with the Senior Facility, the "Facilities").
As further described below, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and certain subsidiaries entered into with Cargill Financial a First Amendment, a Second Amendment, a Third Amendment, a Fourth Amendment, a Fifth Amendment, a Sixth Amendment, a Seventh Amendment, an Eighth Amendment, a Ninth Amendment, and a Tenth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (as so amended, collectively referred to as the "Amended Credit Agreements").
First Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements
On March 14, 2022, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a First Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "First Amendment") with Cargill Financial to amend the Original Credit Agreements and the Facilities, effective on April 4, 2022, upon closing the Pete's Acquisition. The First Amendment provided (a) the Pete's Acquisition to be funded pursuant to the Facilities, (b) the aggregate amount of outstanding loans and undrawn commitments under the Facilities to be reduced to $170.0 million, (c) the minimum liquidity covenant to be reduced from $30.0 million to $20.0 million (inclusive of existing restricted cash on the Consolidated Balance Sheets), and (d) the interest rate of each of the Senior Facility and the Subordinated Facility to be increased by 2% to 12.5% per annum, among other matters. Pursuant to the First Amendment, in connection with the closing of the Pete's Acquisition, the Company (i) paid a $2.0 million amendment fee and (ii) issued 1,932,931 shares of common stock to Cargill Financial. As a result of reducing the Facilities from $200.0 million to $170.0 million, the Company wrote off $0.7 million of unamortized debt issuance costs in proportion to the decrease in borrowing capacity. The write-off amount was recorded as interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The First Amendment fee of $2.0 million and the issued 1,932,931 shares of common stock with a fair value at the time of issuance of $17.4 million was recorded as
additional debt discount and is amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the Amended Credit Agreements on a straight-line basis.
Second Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements
On August 11, 2022, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Second Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Second Amendment") with Cargill Financial, effective on June 30, 2022. The Second Amendment provided that, until the earliest to occur of (x) the occurrence of any event of default, (y) the effective date of a qualified equity financing, and (z) March 31, 2024, the requirement for the minimum interest amount for the Senior Facility and the Subordinated Facility is reduced to an amount equal to the greater of (i) $0 and (ii) the sum of all interest payments due and payable under the Senior Facility and the Subordinated Facility in respect of term loans outstanding for a period of four calendar quarters.
Third Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements
On December 30, 2022, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Third Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Third Amendment") with Cargill Financial. The Third Amendment provided for (i) the amount of cash required to be held in the debt service reserve account for the Credit Agreements to be reduced to $11.3 million through April 1, 2024; (ii) the payment date for regularly scheduled interest and principal payments and certain other payments under the Credit Agreements to be changed from the last business day of the applicable quarter to the first business day of the subsequent quarter; (iii) the payment in kind of the quarterly interest payment due and payable for the quarter ended December 31, 2022; and (iv) a capital expenditures covenant which limits capital expenditures to existing projects and restricts aggregate capital expenditures for existing projects in excess of amounts set forth in the applicable construction budget to $1,000,000 in any fiscal year.
Fourth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements
On January 6, 2023, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Fourth Amendment") with Cargill Financial. The Fourth Amendment reduced the minimum liquidity covenant in each of the Original Credit Agreements from $20.0 million to $11.0 million.
Fifth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements
On March 13, 2023, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Fifth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Fifth Amendment") with Cargill Financial. The Fifth Amendment (i) reduced the amount of cash required to be held in the debt service reserve account by approximately $11.0 million until April 1, 2025, at which time the amount of cash required to be held in the debt service reserve account will be an amount equal to the sum of interest and principal payments that would be required under the Amended Credit Agreements for two calendar quarters; (ii) allowed for the payment in kind of the quarterly interest payment due and payable for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and allowed for the payment in kind of the unused commitment fee payable for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 which amounted to $4.3 million; and (iii) reduced the minimum liquidity covenant in each of the Amended Credit Agreements from $11.0 million to $1.0 million. The aggregate amount of outstanding loans and undrawn commitments under the Amended Credit Agreements remained at $170.0 million (plus interest and fees paid in kind).
Sixth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements
On March 28, 2023, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Sixth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Sixth Amendment") with Cargill Financial. The Sixth Amendment, among other things, (i) expanded the Facilities from $170.0 million to up to $280.0 million (plus, in each case, interest and fees paid in kind), including capital to fund construction at the Company’s facilities in Georgia, Texas, and Washington, subject to certain conditions and at Cargill Financial's discretion; (ii) allowed for the payment in kind of the quarterly interest payment due and payable for the quarter ending June 30, 2023 which amounted to $5.0 million; and (iii) added a minimum production covenant based on a projected production forecast. In consideration for the improved flexibility and the expanded size of the Facilities, Local Bounti issued Cargill Financial 5.4 million warrants with a per share exercise price of $13.00 per share and a 5-year term that expires on March 28, 2028 (the "March 2023 Cargill Warrant").
Seventh Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements
On October 2, 2023, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a Seventh Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the “Seventh Amendment”) with Cargill Financial. The Seventh Amendment allowed for the payment in kind of the quarterly interest payments due and payable for the quarters ended September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2023.
The Company evaluated the before and after cash flow changes resulting from the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments and concluded the change in cash flows underlying these cumulative amendments were not significantly different from the cash flows underlying the terms in the Original Credit Agreements; therefore, the Company accounted for these amendments as a modification rather than as an extinguishment. Consequently, the $25.7 million fair value of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant was recorded as an additional debt discount that will be amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the Amended Credit Agreements. Fees paid to non-lender third parties as a result of the modification have been expensed as incurred.
Eighth Amendment to Credit Agreements
On January 23, 2024, the Company, along with certain subsidiaries of the Company, entered into an Eighth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Eighth Amendment") with Cargill Financial to further amend the Original Credit Agreements. The Eighth Amendment allows for the payment in kind of the quarterly interest payments due and payable for the quarter ending March 31, 2024.
Ninth Amendment to Credit Agreements
On March 26, 2024, the Company, along with certain of its subsidiaries, entered into a Ninth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Ninth Amendment") with Cargill Financial to further amend the Original Credit Agreements. The Ninth Amendment allows for the payment in kind of the quarterly interest payments due and payable for the quarters ending June 30, 2024, September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2024. The Ninth Amendment also provides for up to $15.0 million in working capital for the Company, $15.0 million of which has been drawn down.
Tenth Amendment to Credit Agreements
On June 28, 2024, the Company, along with certain of its subsidiaries, entered into a Tenth Amendment to the Original Credit Agreements (the "Tenth Amendment") with Cargill Financial to further amend the Original Credit Agreements. The Tenth Amendment adds a new maximum cash operating expense to revenue ratio covenant, to be tested beginning with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2024.
General Provisions to the Original Credit Agreements (as Amended)
The interest rate on the Subordinated Facility is 12.5% per annum, and the interest rate on the Senior Facility is equal to SOFR plus a margin (which varies between 7.5% to 8.5% depending on the Senior Facility net leverage ratio) per annum, with accrued interest paid quarterly in arrears on the first business day of the subsequent quarter through the maturity date on September 3, 2028. Principal payments are due and payable quarterly under the Senior Facility, beginning April 1, 2025, based on the principal balance as of December 31, 2023 and assuming a fixed 10-year straight line amortization schedule. The remaining unpaid principal balance under both the Senior Facility and the Subordinated Facility is due on the September 3, 2028 maturity date.
In accordance with the Original Credit Agreements, the Company is required to maintain a debt service reserve account. The Fifth Amendment and Sixth Amendment, taken together, reduced the minimum balance to maintain in the debt service reserve account to $0 through March 31, 2025. From and after April 1, 2025, the minimum debt service reserve must be equal to two quarters of scheduled interest payments and two quarters of scheduled principal payments, which will be shown as restricted cash on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Amended Credit Agreements contain a minimum liquidity covenant and certain other financial covenants that become measurable and effective beginning in the third quarter of 2025, including debt coverage, net leverage, and interest coverage ratios. The Sixth Amendment added a quarterly minimum production covenant for each facility based on pounds produced and sold during each quarter, effective for the second quarter of 2023, and the Tenth Amendment added a cash operating expense to revenue ratio effective for the third quarter of 2024. Additional covenants and other provisions exist that may limit or affect the timing of the Company's ability, among other things, to undergo a merger or consolidation, sell certain assets, create liens, guarantee certain obligations of third parties, make certain investments or acquisitions, and declare dividends or make distributions. The Facilities are secured with a first-priority lien against substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, including the Company’s intellectual property assets.
The Company did not meet the minimum liquidity, minimum production, and operating expense ratio covenants and exceeded certain capital expenditure limits during the quarter ended December 31, 2024. Cargill Financial provided permanent waivers for these past covenant violations through the Debt Restructuring Agreement (as defined in Note 18, Subsequent Events). Refer to Note 18, Subsequent Events, for further information. Consequently, the Company was in compliance with all applicable debt covenants as of December 31, 2024.
8. Financing Obligations
Montana Facility Financing Obligation
In June 2020, the Company completed the construction of the Montana Facility. Subsequent to the completion, the Company entered into a sale and finance leaseback transaction for the Montana Facility with Grow Bitterroot, LLC ("Grow Bitterroot"), a related party, for total consideration of $6.9 million with an initial term of 10 years. The Company also has an option to extend the term of the facility lease for three consecutive terms of five years each. In April 2021, the Company elected to extend two five-year periods, resulting in a 20-year lease term. In addition, the Company and Grow Bitterroot entered into a property maintenance and management services agreement under which the Company will provide all property maintenance and management services, including business, operational, strategic, and advisory services in exchange for an annual fee of $0.1 million. The property maintenance and management services agreement includes an initial term of three years with one year autorenewals unless terminated by either party with 30 days’ notice.
The transaction did not qualify for sale leaseback accounting due to the finance leaseback classification prohibiting sale accounting. As such, the transaction is accounted for as a financing transaction (a failed sale). Therefore, the assets remain on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the proceeds from the transaction and purchases of equipment on behalf of the related party recorded as a financing obligation. In addition, the Company will manage the facility and perform maintenance in exchange for a management fee under the property maintenance and management services agreement. The contractual payments for both the lease agreement and property maintenance and management agreement are applied as payments of deemed principal and imputed interest.
The lease agreement does not contain residual value guarantees. The agreement does not contain restrictions or covenants that may result in additional financial obligations. The landlord has the option to construct future improvements on the property; when the improvements are completed, the base rent will increase.
The Company utilized a rate of 11.6% to calculate imputed interest and recognized $1.6 million of interest expense related to the Montana Facility lease for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
California Facilities Financing Obligation
On April 27, 2023, Hollandia Real Estate, LLC ("Hollandia"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and STORE Master Funding XXXI, LLC ("STORE") consummated a $35 million multi-site sale and leaseback transaction relating to the Carpinteria Facility and the Oxnard Facility (collectively, the "California Facilities").
In connection with the sale and leaseback transaction, Hollandia and STORE entered into a Master Lease Agreement (the "California Facilities Lease") dated April 27, 2023 (the "Effective Date"). Pursuant to the California Facilities Lease, Hollandia will lease the California Facilities from STORE, subject to the terms and conditions of the California Facilities Lease.
The California Facilities Lease provides for an initial term of 25 years, commencing on the Effective Date and expiring on April 30, 2048 ("Initial Term"). Hollandia has four options to extend the Initial Term for separate renewal terms of five years each (together with the Initial Term, the "Lease Term"). Subject to adjustment as set forth in the California Facilities Lease, the combined annual minimum rent payable to STORE during the first year of the Lease Term is an amount equal to $3.2 million (the "Base Annual Rent") with payments made monthly, subject to annual rent increases of three percent (3%) of the Base Annual Rent.
The California Facilities Lease contains certain representations, warranties, covenants, obligations, conditions, indemnification provisions, and termination provisions customary for sale and leaseback transactions.
As part of the California Facilities Lease, Hollandia delivered to STORE a letter of credit for $6.5 million as security for the full and faithful performance by Hollandia of the terms, provisions, covenants, and conditions of the California Facilities Lease. In the event of default under the California Facilities Lease, STORE shall have the right to draw on the letter of credit to satisfy any monetary obligations under the California Facilities Lease. The letter of credit will be released after five years, contingent on achieving certain financial metrics as specified in the California
Facilities Lease. The $6.5 million for the letter of credit is included in "Restricted cash" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The transaction did not qualify for sale leaseback accounting due to the finance leaseback classification prohibiting sale treatment. As such, the transaction is accounted for as a financing transaction (a failed sale). Therefore, the leased assets remain on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and will continue to be depreciated over their original estimated useful lives, and the contractual lease payments will be allocated between interest expense (as imputed interest) and repayment of the $35 million financing obligation through April 30, 2048, which is the end of the 25-year lease term and the time at which the Company expects control of the leased assets to transfer to STORE. The Company utilized a rate of 11.1% to calculate imputed interest and recognized $4.0 million and $2.6 million of interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the California Facilities Lease.
The following tables summarize the financing obligations and the presentation in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Amortization of financing obligation assets $ 2,036 $ 1,619
Interest on financing liabilities 5,545 4,220
The following table summarizes future financing obligation payments by fiscal year:
Montana Facility Financing Obligation California Facilities Financing Obligation
(in thousands)
2025 $ 1,623 $ 3,401
2026 1,655 3,503
2027 1,688 3,608
2028 1,722 3,717
2029 1,756 3,828
Thereafter 21,431 94,518
Total financing obligation payments 29,875 112,575
Unamortized deferred financing costs - (211)
Amount representing interest (20,024) (91,693)
Net financing obligation and asset at end of term 4,145 15,240
Total financing obligation $ 13,996 $ 35,911
9. Leases
The Company has operating leases primarily for facility equipment. The Company also has a financing lease for intra-facility transport vehicles. Certain lease agreements include options to renew or terminate the lease, which are not reasonably certain to be exercised and, therefore, are not factored into the determination of lease payments.
The components of lease expense were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Operating lease cost $ 83 $ 102
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets 37 -
Interest on lease obligations 24 -
Short-term lease cost 723 816
Total lease expense $ 867 $ 918
As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for all operating leases was 2.8 years and 7.3%, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for all finance leases was 4.4 years and 13.8%, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, the maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancelable operating and finance leases were as follows:
Operating Leases Finance Leases
(in thousands) (in thousands)
2025 $ 35 $ 86
2026 35 86
2027 26 86
2028 - 86
2029 - 30
Total minimum lease payments 96 374
Less: imputed interest (9) (87)
Total $ 87 $ 287
10. Fair Value Measurements
The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the accounting of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis according to the valuation techniques the Company uses to determine their fair value:
December 31, 2024
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(in thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements
Assets:
Money market funds
$ 7,448 $ - $ -
Liabilities:
March 2023 Cargill Warrant Liability $ - $ - $ 6,403
December 31, 2023
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(in thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements
Assets:
Money market funds
$ 16,322 $ - $ -
Liabilities:
March 2023 Cargill Warrant Liability $ - $ - $ 7,214
The fair value of the Company's money market funds is determined using quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets.
The fair value of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant Liability is determined using a Black-Scholes model. The following table presents changes in the Level 3 fair value measurement for the warrant liability on a recurring basis:
December 31,
(in thousands)
Balance as of March 28, 2023 (initial measurement) $ 25,697
Fair value measurement adjustments through other income (expense) (18,483)
Balance as of December 31, 2023 7,214
Fair value measurement adjustments through other income (expense) (811)
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 6,403
The key inputs into the Black-Scholes model used to determine the fair value of the 2023 Cargill Warrant Liability were as follows at their measurement dates:
December 31,
2024 December 31, 2023
Input
Share price $ 2.07 $ 2.07
Risk-free interest rate 4.4% 3.8%
Volatility 122% 133%
Exercise price $ 6.50 $ 13.00
Warrant life (years) 3.2 4.2
Dividend yield -% -%
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying value of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their respective fair values due to their short-term maturities. There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 during the periods presented.
11. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Common Stock
Pursuant to the terms of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, the Company is authorized to issue up to 400,000,000 common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 100,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share.
The rights of the holders of the voting common stock and nonvoting common stock are as follows:
Voting Common Stock - Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held.
Nonvoting Common Stock - Each holder of nonvoting common stock is entitled to zero votes for each share of nonvoting common stock held. Holders of nonvoting common stock are not entitled to information rights or rights to dividends or other distributions until immediately prior to a liquidation event.
Reverse Stock Split Stockholder Approval
On April 3, 2023, the Company's board of directors (the "Board") authorized an amendment to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation to, at the discretion of the Board, effect a reverse stock split of the shares of Local Bounti's common stock, at any time prior to June 30, 2024, at a ratio within a range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-25, with the exact ratio and effective time of the reverse stock split to be determined at the discretion of the Board without further approval or authorization of the Company's stockholders. The amendment was approved by stockholders at a special meeting of stockholders held on April 26, 2023. On June 4, 2023, the Board approved a 1-for-13 reverse stock split (the "Reverse Stock Split") of the Company's issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Trading of the Company's common stock on the NYSE commenced on a split-adjusted basis on June 15, 2023.
As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 13 shares of common stock issued and outstanding were automatically reclassified into one new share of common stock without any action on the part of the holders. The Company paid cash in lieu of fractional shares resulting from the Reverse Stock Split. Proportionate adjustments were
made to the exercise prices and the number of shares underlying the Company’s outstanding equity awards, as applicable, and warrants exercisable for shares of Common Stock, as well as to the number of shares issuable under the Company’s equity incentive plans and certain existing agreements. Also, for the Company’s outstanding warrants to purchase up to 81,139,179 shares of common stock, every 13 shares issuable under warrants became exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $149.50 per share of common stock for the Company's 2021 warrants and $13.00 per share of common stock for the March 2023 Cargill Warrant. The common stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split will remain fully paid and non-assessable. The Reverse Stock Split did not affect the number of authorized shares of common stock or the par value of the common stock.
All share and per share amounts presented herein with respect to common stock have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the June 15, 2023 Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented.
Share Repurchase Program
On October 29, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase program that allowed the Company to repurchase up to $1.0 million in shares of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2024. The Company did not repurchase any shares under the repurchase program, and it expired on December 31, 2024.
2021 Warrants and Private Placement Warrants
Prior to the Business Combination of Local Bounti and Leo Investors III LP (the "Sponsor") on November 19, 2021, Leo issued 833,333 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one whole share of the Company’s common stock at a price of $149.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, 30 days after the Closing, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its warrants only for a whole number of shares of common stock. The warrants will expire on November 19, 2026, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The private placement warrants are identical to the 2021 warrants, except that the private placement warrants and the common stock issuable upon exercise of the private placement warrants were not transferable, assignable, or salable until 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the private placement warrants are non-redeemable so long as they are held by Leo or any of its permitted transferees. If the private placement warrants are held by someone other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the 2021 warrants. The Company may redeem the outstanding warrants in whole and not in part at a price of $0.13 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days' prior written notice of redemption if and only if the last sale price of the Company's common stock equals or exceeds $234.00 per share for any 20-trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant exercise. As of December 31, 2024, outstanding 2021 warrants and private placement warrants, excluding warrants issued to Cargill Financial, were 833,330.
Assumed Warrants
In March 2021, the Company entered into a loan with Cargill Financial to finance the general working capital for the Company. This loan had a principal balance of up to $10.0 million and bore interest at 8% per annum with a maturity date of March 22, 2022. In September 2021, this loan was repaid in full. In connection with the original loan, Cargill Financial also received a total of 54,299 warrants (the "Assumed Warrants"), which are still outstanding. On November 19, 2021, the Company issued the Assumed Warrants for the right to purchase Common Stock, with an exercise price of $110.50 per share pursuant to those certain Warrant Agreements, dated as of March 22, 2021 and September 3, 2021 between the Company and Cargill Financial. The Assumed Warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at any time and from time to time on or after November 19, 2021, and on or before November 19, 2026.
Delisting of 2021 Warrants
On October 17, 2023, the Company received notice from the NYSE that the NYSE had halted trading in the Company's 2021 warrants. The trading halt of the warrants on the NYSE was due to the low trading price of the warrants.
On October 18, 2023, the NYSE provided written notice to the Company and publicly announced that NYSE Regulation has determined to commence proceedings to delist the warrants and that the warrants are no longer suitable for listing based on "abnormally low" price levels, pursuant to Section 802.01D of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. The delisting was effective as of November 13, 2023, and the 2021 warrants are no longer listed on the NYSE.
Common Stock Listing
The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "LOCL." The NYSE requires the Company to continue to meet certain listing standards. On April 3, 2024, the Company received a written notice (the "Notice") from the NYSE that it was not in compliance with the continued listing standards set forth in Rule 802.01B of the NYSE Listed Company Manual (the "Minimum Market Capitalization Standard") because its average global market capitalization over a consecutive 30 trading-day period was less than $50 million and, at the same time, its last reported stockholders' equity was less than $50 million. Subsequently, the Company submitted, and the NYSE accepted, a plan setting forth the actions the Company was taking that were designed to regain compliance with the Minimum Market Capitalization Standard within 18 months of receipt of the Notice (the "Market Capitalization Cure Period"). The Company's common stock continues to be listed and traded on the NYSE during the Market Capitalization Cure Period, subject to the Company's compliance with other NYSE continued listing standards and continued quarterly review by the NYSE of the Company's progress with respect to its plan. The Company can provide no assurances that it will be able to satisfy any of the steps outlined above and maintain the listing of its common stock on the NYSE.
12. Stock-Based Compensation
In 2020, the Company adopted an Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan"), pursuant to which the Company’s Board of Directors could grant stock awards to employees and service providers. According to the 2020 Plan, incentive stock options could only be granted to eligible employees. Non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs, and employee stock purchase plan were also included in the 2020 Plan and could be granted to service providers. In October 2021, the Company adopted a new Equity Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan"), which replaced the 2020 Plan. The 2020 Plan terminated upon the effectiveness of the 2021 Plan, at which time the outstanding awards previously granted thereunder were assumed by the Company. Following termination of the 2020 Plan, no new awards will be granted under such plan, but previously granted awards will continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2020 Plan and the stock award agreements pursuant to which such awards were granted. Under the 2021 Plan, the Company can grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and certain other awards which are settled in the form of common shares under the 2021 Plan.
Restricted Common Stock Awards
The Company has granted change in control restricted common stock awards ("RSAs") under the 2020 Plan. Upon a "change in control" (as defined in the 2020 Plan) of Local Bounti, the change in control restricted common stock awards would vest in full. If a "qualified public offering" of the common stock of Local Bounti occurred (as defined in the 2020 Plan, which includes the consummation of the Business Combination) prior to a change in control, then the change in control restricted common stock would vest upon the vesting schedule set forth in the 2020 Plan or individual award agreements. The fair value of the restricted common stock-based compensation awards was determined using the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant as determined by the Board.
In November 2021, Legacy Local Bounti and certain restricted stockholders amended their change in control restricted stock awards to remove the vesting trigger and converted the vesting to four-year time-based vesting, with 10% vesting on the first anniversary of the original vesting commencement date and 30% vesting on each anniversary thereafter, subject to the grantee’s continued service on each applicable vesting date. As the vesting trigger was removed, the Company was required to recognize the compensation expenses through the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
A summary of the RSA activity for 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
Number of Shares of Restricted Common Stock Awards(1)
Average Grant-Date Fair Value(1)
Unvested at December 31, 2022
288,804 $ 24.05
Vested, settled (19,175) $ 36.27
Vested, unsettled (133,928) $ 22.71
Unvested at December 31, 2023
135,701 $ 23.60
Vested (111,344) $ 20.83
Unvested and outstanding at December 31, 2024
24,357 $ 36.27
_____________________
(1) Share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the June 15, 2023 Reverse Stock Split. See Note 11, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), for additional detail.
Total expense of RSAs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the total compensation cost related to unvested RSAs not yet recognized is $0.1 million. Unvested RSA expense not yet recognized is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.2 years.
Restricted Stock Units
The Company has granted restricted stock units ("RSUs") under the 2020 Plan and the 2021 Plan. The Company has entered into various RSU agreements with both employees and nonemployees. The vesting for these RSUs range from zero to four years on a graded vesting schedule.
A summary of the RSU activity for 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
Number of RSUs(1)
Average Grant-Date Fair Value(1)
Unvested at December 31, 2022 727,484 $ 81.51
Granted 840,570 $ 8.44
Forfeited (483,246) $ 15.50
Vested (421,414) $ 62.41
Vested, unsettled 26,443 $ 4.73
Unvested and outstanding at December 31, 2023 689,837 $ 47.43
Granted 1,108,882 $ 2.96
Forfeited (139,621) $ 33.26
Vested (432,790) $ 36.53
Vested, unsettled - $ -
Unvested and outstanding at December 31, 2024 1,226,308 $ 12.60
_____________________
(1) Share and per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the June 15, 2023 Reverse Stock Split. See Note 11, Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), for additional detail.
The total expense value of RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.7 million and $15.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the total compensation cost related to unvested RSUs not yet recognized is $3.2 million. Unvested RSUs not yet recognized are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.63 years.
13. Income Taxes
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred net losses and, accordingly, no federal provision for income taxes has been recorded. In addition, no deferred benefit for income taxes has been recorded due to the uncertainty of the realization of any tax assets. On December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $595.6 million of U.S. federal and state net operating losses. On December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $382.9 million of federal and state net operating losses. The federal net operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely while the state carryforwards will begin to expire in 2030. Federal net operating losses carryforwards generated in tax years ending after December 31, 2017 may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such federal net operating losses carryforwards is limited to 80% of current year taxable income. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws.
The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2024 2023
Currently reportable expense
Federal
$ - $ -
State
- -
- -
Deferred benefit:
Federal
22,737 24,610
State
8,356 10,032
31,093 34,642
Less: Valuation allowance (31,093) (34,642)
Total provision for income tax expense $ - $ -
The following table presents the reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Federal statutory income tax rate 21.0% 21.0%
State tax 5.5% 6.4%
Stock-based compensation 0.1% (2.6)%
Non-deductible expenses (0.8)% 3.4%
Research and development credit -% (0.3)%
Change in valuation allowance (25.8)% (27.9)%
Effective tax rate - % - %
December 31,
(in thousands)
2024 2023
Gross deferred tax assets arising from:
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 81,865 $ 51,490
ASC 842 lease liability 3,838 3,846
Acquired intangibles 10,672 11,576
Accruals and reserves 11,688 11,780
Capitalized research expenditures 7,592 4,662
Research and development credit carryforward 269 -
Gross deferred tax assets 115,924 83,354
Less: Valuation allowance (97,220) (66,129)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 18,704 17,225
Deferred tax liabilities arising from:
ASC 842 right-of-use asset (2,924) (3,077)
Fixed assets and land (15,780) (14,148)
Gross deferred tax liabilities (18,704) (17,225)
Net deferred tax liabilities $ - $ -
For financial reporting purposes, the Company has incurred a loss in each period since its inception. Based on the available objective evidence, including the Company’s history of losses, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, the Company provided for a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the change in the valuation allowance of $31.1 million and $34.6 million, respectively, was primarily due to the generation of additional net operating losses.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $0.5 million and $0.5 million of federal research and development credits, respectively, which will begin to expire in 2042.
Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the right to deduct research and development expenditures for tax purposes in the period the expenses were incurred and instead requires all U.S. and foreign research and development expenditures to be amortized over five and fifteen tax years, respectively. As a result, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset for the future tax benefit of the amortization deductions of the capitalized research and development expenditures that was fully offset by a change in valuation allowance.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, none of which impact income tax expense. The Company does not expect the unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.
The Company's income tax returns and the amount of income or loss reported are subject to examination by the respective taxing authorities. If such examinations result in changes to the profits or losses, the Company's tax liabilities could be changed accordingly.
14. Net Loss Per Share
Net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period. In computing net loss per share, the Company's unvested restricted common stock and warrants are not considered participating securities. Diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive given the Company's net loss. Diluted net loss per common share represents an adjustment to basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders giving effect to all potential common shares that were dilutive and outstanding during the period.
The following table sets forth the computation of the Company's net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
2024 2023
Net loss
$ (119,902) $ (124,015)
Weighted average common stock outstanding, basic and diluted
8,480,247 7,943,874
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
$ (14.14) $ (15.61)
The following table discloses the weighted average shares outstanding of securities that could potentially dilute basic net loss per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as the impact would be anti-dilutive:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Restricted Stock 76,254 222,282
Warrants 6,241,475 4,980,021
15. Segment Reporting
The Company has a single operating and reportable segment that derives its revenue from customers through the production and sale of agricultural produce, consisting primarily of grown living and loose leaf lettuce, arugula, spinach, and basil. All of the Company's revenue is generated in the U.S., and the Company manages its business activities on a consolidated basis. The Company’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources.
The CODM assesses segment performance and decides how to allocate resources based on net loss, which is also reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and net cash generated by or used in operating activities, which is also reported on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as total assets. Significant expenses reviewed by the CODM include those that are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The accounting policies of the Company's single reportable segment are the same as those described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Segment operating results, including significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM, along with a reconciliation of segment operating loss to consolidated net loss, are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2024 2023
Revenue $ 38,138 $ 27,557
Less:
Salaries and wages 34,907 35,757
Transportation and delivery 2,662 1,837
Depreciation and amortization 18,871 13,132
Interest expense, net 58,923 25,745
Stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized 3,348 16,274
Other segment items(1)
39,329 58,827
Segment net loss (119,902) (124,015)
Reconciliation of profit or loss
Adjustments and reconciling items - -
Net loss $ (119,902) $ (124,015)
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(1) Other segment items included in Segment net loss include goodwill impairment, change in fair value of warrant liability, research and development expense, facilities expense, legal expense, accounting expense, insurance expense, loss on disposal of fixed assets, software expense, and other overhead expense.
16. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Matters
The Company has and may become party to various legal proceedings and other claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability when it believes that it is probable that a loss will be incurred, and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management is currently not aware of any matters that it expects will have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.
Non-Cancelable Purchase Commitments
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had non-cancelable purchase commitments of $1.8 million, primarily related to software products and services used to facilitate the Company's operations at the enterprise level.
Defined Contribution Plan
The Company sponsors 401(k) defined contribution plans covering all eligible U.S. employees. Contributions to the 401(k) plan are discretionary. The Company's contributions to the 401(k) plans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled $0.9 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
17. Related Party Transactions
Grow Bitterroot Sale Lease Back Transaction and Services Agreement
In June 2020, the Company sold for total consideration of $6.9 million a greenhouse facility to Grow Bitterroot, a qualified opportunity zone fund owned in part by Live Oak Ventures, LLC, which owns more than 10% of the Company's common stock, and Orange Strategies LLC, of which Pamela Brewster, a member of the Company's Board of Directors, is principal. Travis M. Joyner, our Co-Founder and a member of the Company's Board of Directors, is manager of Grow Bitterroot. Concurrently, Local Bounti's predecessor entity and Grow Bitterroot entered into an agreement whereby the Company leases land and the greenhouse facility from Grow Bitterroot. See Note 8, Financing Obligations, for more information regarding the Montana Facility lease and accounting treatment.
The Company paid Grow Bitterroot $1.2 million and $1.5 million under the lease agreement for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
18. Subsequent Events
On March 31, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement with an investor for a $25.0 million investment (the "PIPE Financing"). In connection with the PIPE Financing, the Company issued 1,771,586 shares of common stock and 10,728,414 shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), a newly created series of non-voting convertible preferred stock, at a purchase price of $2.00 per share.
The Series A Preferred Stock will be non-voting (except as required by applicable law) with no liquidation preference and will be redeemable at the option of the holder at the purchase price. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock will automatically convert to one share of common stock upon the Company's receipt of stockholder approval, which the Company intends to seek at its upcoming Annual Meeting of Stockholders on June 11, 2025.
In connection with the PIPE Financing, the Company also entered into a debt restructuring agreement with Cargill Financial (the "Debt Restructuring Agreement") on March 31, 2025 (the "Restructuring Date"), to amend the Amended Credit Agreements and Facilities with Cargill Financial, as described in Note 7, Debt. Pursuant to the Debt Restructuring Agreement, (i) $139.0 million of loans outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreements, together with all accrued and unpaid interest was cancelled, and (ii) $58.0 million of loans outstanding under the Subordinated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 3, 2021 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Subordinated Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, the other borrowers and guarantors party thereto, and Cargill Financial, as lender, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, was cancelled, constituting all of the loans and interest outstanding under the Subordinated Credit Agreement (the “Debt Restructuring”). Following the Debt Restructuring, the aggregate principal amount of loans outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreements was $312.0 million. Additionally, in connection with the Debt Restructuring Agreement, the per share exercise price of the March 2023 Cargill Warrant was amended from $6.50 to $4.00 per share with an amended expiration date of March 31, 2033.
Subsequent to the Debt Restructuring Date, interest on the Facilities will accrue at three-month SOFR plus 2.0%. On March 31, 2031, the interest rate will increase to three-month SOFR plus 6.0%. From January 1, 2027 to December 31, 2029, interest will accrue on $100 million of the Facilities and will be due and payable in cash starting the first business day after the close of each calendar quarter, beginning with the quarter commencing April 1, 2027, and continuing through December 31, 2029. Interest accruing on the outstanding principal balance of the Facilities in excess of $100 million will, at the Company’s option, either be paid in cash or paid in kind, beginning with the quarter commencing April 1, 2027, and continuing through December 31, 2029.
From January 1, 2030 to March 31, 2031, interest will accrue on up to $200 million of the Facilities and will be due and payable in cash starting the first business day after the close of each calendar quarter, beginning with the quarter commencing April 1, 2030, and continuing through March 31, 2031. Interest accruing on the outstanding principal balance of the Facilities in excess of $200 million will, at the Company’s option, either be paid in cash or paid-in-kind, beginning with the quarter commencing April 1, 2027, and continuing through March 31, 2031.
At all times after March 31, 2031, interest shall be payable only in cash on the first business day after each calendar quarter end. Additionally, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2027, 50% of the free cash flow generated in the preceding quarter must be used for principal repayment on a quarterly basis. The maturity date of the Facilities subsequent to the Debt Restructuring Agreement is December 31, 2035.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported as and when required, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding its required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate due to changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that:
•Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors; and
•Provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the criteria described in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the results of its evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.
This report does not include an attestation report of internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption, modification, or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information required by this Item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Our Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all our directors, officers, and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available under the investors section of our website at http://www.localbounti.com. In addition, we intend to post under the investors section of our website all disclosures required by law or NYSE listing standards relating to any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
We will provide disclosure of delinquent Section 16(a) reports, if any, in our Proxy Statement, and this disclosure, if any, is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required by this Item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information required by this Item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information required by this Item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information required by this Item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1. Financial Statements: The information concerning our Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm required by this Item is incorporated by reference herein to the section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 8, entitled "Financial Statements."
2. Financial Statement Schedules: The Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or are not required or are not present in material amounts or the information required to be set forth herein is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
3. Exhibits: See "Index to Exhibits."
(b) Exhibits
The documents listed in the Exhibit Index are incorporated by reference or are filed with this report, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K). In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, please remember they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about the Company or the other parties to the agreements. Some agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and:
•should not be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate;
•may have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement;
•may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to you or other investors; and
•were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments.
Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about the Company may be found elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Company's other public filings, which are available without charge through the SEC's website at sec.gov.
Exhibit
Number Description
2.1* Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 17, 2021, by and among Leo Holdings III Corp, Longleaf Merger Sub, Inc., Longleaf Merger Sub II, LLC, and Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 21, 2021).
2.2* Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2022, by and among Local Bounti Corporation and (i) the Hollandia Produce Group, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Trust, (ii) Mosaic Capital Investors I, LP, True West Capital Partners Fund II, L.P. f/k/a Seam Fund II, L.P., (iii) Mosaic Capital Investors LLC, solely in its capacity as Sellers' Representative, (iv) Hollandia Produce Group, Inc., and (v) Local Bounti Operating Company LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2022).
2.3* Unit Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2022, by and among Local Bounti Corporation, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, and each of the holders of Class B Common Units of Hollandia Produce GA, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022).
2.4* Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2022, by and among Local Bounti Corporation, Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, Mosaic Capital Investors I, LP, True West Capital Partners Fund II, L.P. f/k/a Seam Fund II, L.P., and Hollandia Produce Ga Investor Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022).
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 22, 2021).
3.2 Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022).
3.3 Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 15, 2023).
3.4 Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2024).
3.5 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2024).
4.1 Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement, dated as of November 18, 2021, by and between Local Bounti Corporation (f/k/a Leo Holdings III Corp) and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 22, 2021).
4.2 Specimen Warrant Certificate of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2021).
4.3 Warrants, dated as of November 19, 2021, by and between Local Bounti Corporation and Cargill Financial Services International, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2021).
4.4 Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022).
4.5 Form of Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed with the SEC on December 30, 2022).
4.6 Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of March 28, 2023, by and between Local Bounti Corporation and Cargill Financial Services International, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023).
4.7 Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of January 23, 2024, by and between Local Bounti Corporation and Cargill Financial Services International, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 26, 2024).
4.8 Certificate of Designations of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025).
10.1 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2021, by and among Local Bounti Corporation (f/k/a Leo Holdings III Corp) and certain investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 22, 2021).
10.2 Form of Lock-up Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 22, 2021).
10.3 Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 22, 2021).
10.4 Sponsor Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2021, by and among Leo Holdings III Corp, Local Bounti Corporation, Leo Investors III LP, and certain individual holders of Parent Class B Ordinary Shares of Leo Holdings III Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 21, 2021).
10.5* Credit Agreement dated as of September 3, 2021, by and among Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, Local Bounti Corporation and certain subsidiaries, and Cargill Financial Services International, Inc. (as conformed through the Tenth Amendment to Credit Agreements, dated as of June 28, 2024).
10.6* Subordinated Credit Agreement dated as of September 3, 2021 by and among Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, Local Bounti Corporation and certain subsidiaries, and Cargill Financial Services International, Inc. (as conformed through the Tenth Amendment to Credit Agreements, dated as of June 28, 2024).
10.7† Local Bounti Corporation 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and related forms of award agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2021).
10.8† Amendment to Local Bounti Corporation 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2024).
10.9† Local Bounti Corporation 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2021).
10.10† Form of Employment Agreement with Chief Executive Officer of Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2021).
10.11† Form of Employment with Executive Officer of Local Bounti Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2021).
10.12† Form of Separation and Release Agreement with former Chief Executive Officer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 15, 2023).
10.13† Local Bounti Corporation Director Compensation Policy, amended and restated December 11, 2023.
10.14 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2022, by and among Local Bounti Corporation and certain security holders of Hollandia Produce Group, Inc., and its subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022).
10.15 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 21, 2022, by and among Local Bounti Corporation and the Investors identified therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.16 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 21, 2022, by and among Local Bounti Corporation and the Investors identified therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.17 Form of Support Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023).
10.18 Master Lease Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2023, by and between STORE Master Funding XXXI, LLC and Hollandia Real Estate, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 3, 2023).
10.19 Unconditional Guaranty of Payment and Performance, dated as of April 27, 2023, by Local Bounti Corporation for the benefit of STORE Master Funding XXXI, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 3, 2023).
10.20* Restructuring Agreement and Eleventh Amendment to Senior Credit Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2025, by and among Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, Local Bounti Corporation, the subsidiary borrowers and guarantors signatory thereto, Cargill Financial Services International, Inc., in its capacity as the senior lender, and Cargill Financial Services International, Inc., in its capacity as the subordinated lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025).
10.21* Credit Agreement dated as of September 3, 2021, by and among Local Bounti Operating Company LLC, Local Bounti Corporation and certain subsidiaries, and Cargill Financial Services International, Inc. (as conformed through the Restructuring Agreement and Eleventh Amendment to Senior Credit Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2025) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025).
10.22 Form of Warrant Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025).
10.23* Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2025, by and among Local Bounti Corporation and each of the investors party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025).
10.24 Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2025, by and among Local Bounti Corporation and each of the investors party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025).
10.25 Form of Support Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2025, by and among Local Bounti Corporation and each stockholder party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025).
19.1 Insider Trading Policy, revised April 12, 2023.
21.1 List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2021).
23.1 Consent of WithumSmith+Brown, PC.
24.1 Power of attorney (included on the signature page hereof).
31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1** Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code).
32.2** Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code).
97.1 Compensation Recovery Policy, adopted October 2, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024).
101 The following financial statements from Local Bounti's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL: (a) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (b) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (d) Consolidated Balance Sheets, and (e) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104 The cover page from Local Bounti's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).
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* Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(2). The registrant hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the SEC upon its request.
** This document is being furnished in accordance with SEC Release Nos. 33-8212 and 34-47551.
† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.