EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1435064
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1435064_10-K_2023_0001493152-23-046365.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Cemtrex, Inc. was incorporated in 1998 in the state of Delaware and has evolved through strategic acquisitions and internal growth into a leading multi-industry company. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we”, “our”, “us”, “Company”, “registrant”, “Cemtrex” or “management” refer to Cemtrex, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company reorganized its reporting segments to be in line with its current structure consisting of (i) Security, (ii) Industrial Services, and (iii) Cemtrex Corporate.
Security
Cemtrex’s Security segment operates under the brand of its majority owned subsidiary, Vicon Industries, Inc. (“Vicon”), which provides end-to-end security solutions to meet the toughest corporate, industrial and governmental security challenges. Vicon’s products include browser-based video monitoring systems and analytics-based recognition systems, cameras, servers, and access control systems for every aspect of security and surveillance in industrial and commercial facilities, federal prisons, hospitals, universities, schools, and federal and state government offices. Vicon provides innovative, mission critical security and video surveillance solutions utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) based data algorithms.
Industrial Services
Cemtrex’s Industrial Services segment operates under the brand, Advanced Industrial Services (“AIS”), which offers single-source expertise and services for rigging, millwrighting, in plant maintenance, equipment erection, relocation, and disassembly to diversified customers. AIS installs high precision equipment in a wide variety of industrial markets like automotive, printing and graphics, industrial automation, packaging, and chemicals, among others. AIS is a leading provider of reliability-driven maintenance and contracting solutions for machinery, packaging, printing, chemical, and other manufacturing markets. The focus is on customers seeking to achieve greater asset utilization and reliability to cut costs and increase production from existing assets, including small projects, sustaining capital, turnarounds, maintenance, specialty welding services, and high-quality scaffolding.
Cemtrex Corporate
Cemtrex’s Corporate segment is the holding company of our other two segments.
Recent Developments
Sale of former Cemtrex Brands
On November 22, 2022, the Company entered into two Asset Purchase Agreements and one Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) with the Company’s CEO, Saagar Govil, to secure the sale of the subsidiaries Cemtrex Advanced Technologies, Inc, which include the brand SmartDesk, and Cemtrex XR, Inc., which include the brands Cemtrex XR, Virtual Driver Interactive, Bravo Strong, and good tech (formerly Cemtrex Labs), to Mr. Govil.
On November 22, 2022, the Company completed the above disposition for the following consideration.
● Cemtrex XR, Inc.
○ $895,000 comprised of:
■ $75,000 in cash payable at Closing; and
■ 5% royalty of all revenues on the Business to be paid 90 days after the end of each calendar year for the next three years; and should the total sum of royalties due be less than $820,000 at the end of the three-year period, Purchaser shall be obligated to pay the difference between $820,000 and the royalties paid.
● Cemtrex Advanced Technologies, Inc.
○ $10,000 in cash payable at Closing; and
○ 5% royalty of all revenues on the Business to be paid 90 days after the end of each calendar year for the next 5 years; and
○ $1,600,000 in SAFE (common equity) at any subsequent fundraising or exit above $5,000,000 with a $10,000,000 cap.
The Company’s Board of Directors, excluding Saagar Govil who abstained from all voting on these agreements, approved these actions and agreements.
Acquisition of Heisey Mechanical
On July 1, 2023, the Company under AIS, completed the acquisition of a leading service contractor and steel fabricator that specializes in industrial and water treatment markets, Heisey Mechanical, Ltd. (“Heisey”) based in Columbia, Pennsylvania for $2,400,000 plus adjustments for the outstanding contract assets and liabilities of $393,291. The real estate of the business was purchased at fair market value on August 30, 2023, for $1,500,000 in a separate transaction.
Heisey provides the water treatment industry with a variety of fabricated vessels and equipment including ASME pressure vessels, heat exchangers, mix tanks, reactors, and other specialized fabricated equipment. Additionally, the contracting team assists with installation and service of fabricated items. The company has over 33,000 square feet of manufacturing floor space in its facility and an experienced staff of fabricators, welders, and field mechanics.
The purchase price allocation presented below is still preliminary but has been developed based on an estimate of fair values of Heisey’s identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of July 1, 2023. The final allocation of the purchase price will be determined within one year from the closing date of the Heisey acquisition.
The consideration transferred and preliminary allocation of Heisey’s tangible and intangible assets and liabilities, are as follows:
Consideration Transferred:
Cash $ 393,291
Seller’s note 240,000
Financed amount 2,160,000
Total consideration transferred $ 2,793,291
Purchase Price Allocation:
Inventory 300,000
Contract assets 667,259
Machinery and equipment 1,625,000
Contract liabilities (216,469 )
Accrued expenses (57,499 )
Goodwill 475,000
Total consideration transferred $ 2,793,291
The pro forma summary below presents the results of operations as if the Heisey acquisition occurred on October 1, 2021. Proforma adjustments for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, includes $127,800 of depreciation expense from acquired fixed assets, $127,883 of interest expense on the debt used in the acquisition. Proforma adjustments for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, includes $255,600 of depreciation expense from acquired fixed assets, $81,140 of interest expense on the debt used in the acquisition. The pro forma summary uses estimates and assumptions based on information available at the time. Management believes the estimates and assumptions to be reasonable; however, actual results may have differed significantly from this pro forma financial information. The pro forma information does not reflect any cost savings, operating synergies or revenue enhancements that might have been achieved from combining the operations. The unaudited pro forma summary is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent the Company’s actual consolidated results of operations had the acquisition been completed as of the date presented, nor should it be considered indicative of Cemtrex’s future consolidated results of operations.
Unaudited
For the year ended
September 30, 2023 September 30, 2022
Revenues $ 66,274,838 $ 53,970,595
Net loss (9,173,748 ) (13,038,817 )
On August 30, 2023, the Company acquired a mortgage in the amount of $1,200,000 from Fulton Bank to finance the purchase of the properties formerly owned by Heisey Mechanical Ltd. The mortgage carries interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 2.8% and matures on September 30, 2043.
Common Stock Reverse Stock Split
On January 25, 2023, the Company completed a 35:1 reverse stock split on its common stock. All share and per share data have been retroactively adjusted for this reverse split.
Notice of Delisting, Extension of cure period, and Subsequent Compliance
Series 1 Preferred Stock
On July 29, 2022, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that, because the closing bid price for the Company’s Series 1 preferred stock listed on Nasdaq was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive trading days, the Company no longer met the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2), requiring a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). On January 26, 2023, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that, it had been granted an additional 180 days or until July 24, 2023, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement based on the Company meeting the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable requirements for initial listing on the Capital Market with the exception of the bid price requirement, and the Company’s written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. On September 8, 2023, Cemtrex Inc. (the “Company”) received a letter from the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (“Panel”) informing the Company that the Panel has granted the Company a temporary exception to regain compliance with The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC’s (“Nasdaq” or the “Exchange”) Listing Rule 5555(a)(1) (the “Bid Price Rule”) by no later than January 19, 2024. The Company has announced a special meeting of Series 1 Preferred stock shareholders scheduled for December 26, 2023, to approve the reverse stock split. On December 26, 2023, the Company held the meeting but failed to establish a quorum and has adjourned the meeting to December 29, 2023.
Common Stock
On January 24, 2022, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that, because the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock listed on Nasdaq was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive trading days, the Company no longer met the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2), requiring a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”).
On July 26, 2022, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Nasdaq notifying the Company that, it had been granted an additional 180 days or until January 23, 2023, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement based on the Company meeting the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable requirements for initial listing on the Capital Market with the exception of the bid price requirement, and the Company’s written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.
On January 26, 2023, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that it has not regained compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and accordingly would be delisted from the Capital Market. The Company then requested and had been granted a hearing to occur on March 16, 2023, appealing this determination to a Hearings Panel (the “Panel”), pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5800 Series.
On February 8, 2023, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that it has regained compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and is in compliance with all applicable listing standards. The Company’s common stock will continue to be listed and traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market.
Settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission
On September 30, 2022, acting pursuant to an offer of settlement submitted by the Company, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued an order pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act, directing the Company to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a) of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder (the “SEC Order”).
The SEC Order also directed Mr. Saagar Govil to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
The SEC found that, as a result of its conduct, which was neither admitted nor denied, the Company violated Section 17(a) of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, which prohibit fraudulent conduct in the offer or sale of securities and in connection with the purchase or sale of securities.
The SEC also found that, as a result of his conduct, which was neither admitted nor denied, Mr. Govil violated Section 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act, which makes it illegal to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the purchaser.
In addition to the above cease and desists, the Company undertook to not publicly announce that it has partnered with another company or that another company has become a customer of the Company without providing prior written notice, including a copy of the announcement text, to the businessperson at the other company responsible for that company’s relationship with the Company.
Also, the Company received a civil monetary penalty of two million two hundred thousand dollars ($2,200,000) in the aggregate that must be paid to the SEC. Mr. Govil also received a civil monetary penalty of three hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($350,000) in the aggregate that must be paid to the SEC. The Company and Mr. Govil have remitted the payments as of September 30, 2022. The SEC Order can be accessed at www.sec.gov.
Business Strategy
Our focus is to utilize our resources and capabilities to build brands and businesses in areas where we see unique opportunities to create exceptional value for our customers, shareholders, and employees over the long term. We aim to grow in markets where we see significant long-term opportunity to create an attractive return on shareholder equity. Generally, these markets are high growth markets that are changing due to innovation, new technologies, or other industry shifts taking place. In these markets we seek to build or acquire businesses that have attractive gross margins, strong opportunities for customer retention, and are asset light. We take a long-term approach with our strategies and seek returns over five years or longer time horizons.
We believe our ability to attract and retain new customers comes from our ongoing commitment to understanding our customers’ business performance requirements and our expertise in meeting or exceeding these requirements and enhancing their competitive advantage through cutting edge technology. We work closely with our customers from an operational and senior executive level to achieve a deep understanding of our customer’s goals, challenges, strategies, operations, and products to ultimately provide the best solutions for them.
We continue to seek and execute additional strategic acquisitions and focus on expanding our products and services as well as entering new markets. We believe that the diversity of our products and services and our ability to deliver full solutions to a variety of end markets provides us with multiple sources of income and growth and a competitive advantage relative to other players in the industry. We constantly look for opportunities to gain new customers and penetrate geographic locations and end markets or acquire new product or service opportunities through acquisitions that are operationally and financially beneficial for the Company.
Suppliers
The Company is not solely dependent on, nor expects to become overtly dependent on, any one or a limited number of suppliers. The Company also utilizes sub-suppliers and third-party vendors to procure from or fabricate its components based on its design, engineering, and specifications. The Company also enters into subcontracts for field installation, which the Company supervises; and the Company manages all technical, physical and commercial aspects of the performance of the Company contracts.
Competition
The Company competes on the basis of price, engineering and technological expertise, know-how and the quality of its products, systems and services. Additionally, the Company’s management believes that the successful delivery, installation and performance of the Company’s products and systems is a key factor in gaining business as customers typically prefer to make significant purchases from a company with a solid performance history.
The Company obtains virtually all its contracts through competitive bidding. Although price is an important factor and may in some cases be the governing factor, it is not always determinative, and contracts are often awarded on the basis of the efficiency or reliability of products, past performance records, and the engineering and technical expertise of the bidder. Several companies market products that compete directly with Company’s products. Other companies offer products that potential customers may consider to be acceptable alternatives to Company’s products and services.
Intellectual Property
Over the years, the Company has developed proprietary technologies that give it an edge in competing with its competitors. Thus, the Company relies on a combination of trade secrets and know-how to protect its intellectual property. The Company currently has multiple patents and patent claims that it owns. Cemtrex continues to invest in research and development with the intention of developing proprietary technology and intellectual property as allowed by its financial resources.
Sales and Marketing
The Company sells its products globally and depending on the brand, relies on direct sales force, manufacturing representatives, distributors, integrators and installers, commission sales agents, magazine advertisements, internet advertising, trade shows, trade directories and catalogue listings, e-commerce, to market its products and services. The Company’s arrangements with sales representatives accord each a defined territory or market within which to sell some or all of its products and systems, provide for the payment of agreed-upon sales commissions or wholesale pricing and are terminable at will. The Company’s sales representatives do not have authority to execute contracts on the Company’s behalf.
The Company’s sales representatives also serve as an ongoing liaison function between the Company and its customers during the installation phase of the products and systems and address customers’ questions or concerns arising thereafter. The Company selects representatives based upon industry reputation, prior sales performance including number of prospective leads generated and sales closure rates, and the breadth of territorial coverage, among other criteria.
Technical inquiries received from potential customers are referred to the engineering personnel. Thereafter, the Company’s sales and engineering personnel jointly prepare a budget proposal, or a final bid. The period between initial customer contact and issuance of an order is generally between two and twelve months.
Customers
The Company’s principal customers in its Security segment are generally system integrators or channel partners who then sell our products and solutions to our end customers including, government agencies or commercial businesses. Historically, most of the customers have purchased individual products or systems which, in many instances, operate in conjunction with products and systems supplied by others. The Company’s principal customers in its Industrial Services segment include businesses engaged in manufacturing, chemical, packaging, printing, electronics, automotive, construction, and metallurgical processing. No one single customer accounts for more than 10% of its annual sales.
For the Security segment, the Company is responsible for the design, production, supply, and delivery of products to its customers. In order to satisfy customer orders, in both segments, the Company must consistently meet production deadlines and maintain a high standard of quality.
Insurance
The Company currently maintains different types of insurance, including general property coverage, and directors and officers’ insurance. The Company also maintains product liability insurance with respect to its products and equipment. Management believes that the insurance coverage that it has is adequate for its current business needs.
Employees
The Company employs approximately 328 full-time employees and approximately 5 part-time employees as of the date of this Annual Report, including 118 engaged in engineering, 129 in manufacturing and field service and 86 in administrative, sales and marketing functions.
Government Regulation
The Company’s operations are subject to certain foreign, federal, state and local regulatory requirements relating to, among others, environmental, waste management, labor and health and safety matters. Management believes that the Company’s business is operated in material compliance with all such regulations.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and stock price can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including those described below. When any one or more of these risks materialize from time to time, our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and stock price can be materially and adversely affected.
Because of the following factors, as well as other factors affecting the Company’s results of operations and financial condition, past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods. This discussion of risk factors contains forward-looking statements.
You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this report, including the consolidated audited financial statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this annual report on Form 10-K, with respect to any investment in shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this report (unless another date is indicated) and we undertake no obligation to update or revise the statements in light of future development.
Risks Related to Macroeconomics Conditions and International Operations
Our operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic conditions and adverse economic conditions can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including slow growth or recession, high unemployment, inflation, tighter credit, higher interest rates, and currency fluctuations, can adversely impact consumer confidence and spending and materially adversely affect demand for our products and services. In addition, consumer confidence and spending can be materially adversely affected in response to changes in fiscal and monetary policy, financial market volatility, declines in income or asset values, and other economic factors.
In addition to an adverse impact on demand for our products and services, uncertainty about, or a decline in, global or regional economic conditions can have a significant impact on our suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, distributors, and other channel partners, and developers. Potential outcomes include financial instability; inability to obtain credit to finance business operations; and insolvency.
Adverse economic conditions can also lead to increased credit and collectability risk on our trade receivables; the failure of derivative counterparties and other financial institutions; limitations on our ability to issue new debt; reduced liquidity; and declines in the fair values of our financial instruments. These and other impacts can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price.
Our business can be impacted by political events, trade and other international disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues, industrial accidents and other business interruptions.
Political events, trade and other international disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues (such as COVID-19), industrial accidents and other business interruptions can harm or disrupt international commerce and the global economy and could have a material adverse effect on us and our customers, suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, distributors, and other channel partners.
Restrictions on international trade, such as tariffs and other controls on imports or exports of goods, technology or data, can materially adversely affect our operations and supply chain and limit our ability to offer and distribute products and services to customers. The impact can be particularly significant if these restrictive measures apply to countries and regions where we derive a significant portion of our revenues and/or have significant supply chain operations. Restrictive measures can require us to take various actions, including changing suppliers and restructuring business relationships. Changing our operations in accordance with new or changed restrictions on international trade can be expensive, time-consuming and disruptive to our operations. Such restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice and we may not be able to effectively mitigate all adverse impacts from such measures. For example, tensions between governments, including the U.S. and China, have in the past led to tariffs and other restrictions being imposed on our business. If disputes and conflicts further escalate in the future, actions by governments in response could be significantly more severe and restrictive and could materially adversely affect our business. Political uncertainty surrounding trade and other international disputes could also have a negative effect on consumer confidence and spending, which could adversely affect our business.
Many of our operations and facilities, as well as critical business operations of our suppliers and contract manufacturers, are in locations that are prone to earthquakes and other natural disasters. In addition, such operations and facilities are subject to the risk of interruption by fire, power shortages, nuclear power plant accidents and other industrial accidents, terrorist attacks and other hostile acts, ransomware and other cybersecurity attacks, labor disputes, public health issues, including pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and other events beyond our control. Global climate change is resulting in certain types of natural disasters, such as droughts, floods, hurricanes and wildfires, occurring more frequently or with more intense effects. Such events can make it difficult or impossible for us to manufacture and deliver products to our customers, create delays and inefficiencies in our supply and manufacturing chain, and result in slowdowns and outages to our product and service offerings, and negatively impact consumer spending and demand in affected areas. Following an interruption to our business, we can require substantial recovery time, experience significant expenditures to resume operations, and lose significant sales.
Our operations are also subject to the risks of industrial accidents at our suppliers and contract manufacturers. While our suppliers are required to maintain safe working environments and operations, an industrial accident could occur and could result in serious injuries or loss of life, disruption to our business, and harm to our reputation. Major public health issues, including pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have adversely affected, and could in the future materially adversely affect, us due to their impact on the global economy and demand for consumer products; the imposition of protective public safety measures, such as stringent employee travel restrictions and limitations on freight services and the movement of products between regions; and disruptions in our operations, supply chain and sales and distribution channels, resulting in interruptions to the supply of current products and offering of existing services, and delays in production ramps of new products and development of new services.
Volatility in currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our international operations accounted for approximately 9.2% of our net sales in 2023. We are exposed to the effects (both positive and negative) that fluctuating exchange rates have on translating the financial statements of our international operations, most of which are denominated in local currencies, into the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in exchange rates may affect product demand and reported profits in our international operations. In addition, currency fluctuations may affect the prices we pay suppliers for materials used in our products, along with other local costs incurred in foreign countries for foreign entities with U.S. dollar functional currency. As a result, fluctuating exchange rates may adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows.
Our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by compliance with import and export laws.
We must comply with various laws and regulations relating to the import and export of products, services and technology from the U.S. and other countries having jurisdiction over our operations, which may affect our transactions with certain customers, business partners and other persons. In certain circumstances, export control and economic sanctions regulations may prohibit the export of certain products, services, and technologies and in other circumstances, we may be required to obtain an export license before exporting a controlled item. The length of time required by the licensing processes can vary, potentially delaying the shipment of products or performance of services and the recognition of the corresponding revenue. In addition, failure to comply with any of these regulations could result in civil and criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties, disruptions to our business, limitations on our ability to import and export products and services and damage to our reputation. Moreover, any changes in export control or sanctions regulations may further restrict the export of our products or services, and the possibility of such changes requires constant monitoring to ensure we remain compliant. Any restrictions on the export of our products or product lines could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
Risks Related to Covid-19
The global pandemic may disrupt our business or the business of our customers.
In December 2019, a novel strain of corona virus, which causes the infectious disease known as COVID-19 was reported. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency and Global Pandemic. COVID-19 has severely impacted economies around the world.
The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business operations and the results of our operations in this fiscal year, primarily with delays in expected orders by many customers and new product development, including newer versions of surveillance software since our technical facility in Pune, India has been under lock down on multiple occasions. Bookings and revenue have largely recovered in this calendar year compared to last year. In addition, due to delays in certain supply chain areas, the expected launch times of our new products and new versions has resulted in delays of several months.
The broader implications of COVID-19 on our results from operations going forward remains uncertain. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to cause adverse effects to our customers, suppliers or business partners in locations that have or will experience more pronounced disruptions, which could result in a reduction to future revenue and manufacturing output as well as delays in our new product development activities. However, on the other hand, opportunities in the video surveillance field have been growing for Vicon products.
The extent of the pandemic’s effect on our operational and financial performance will depend in large part on future developments, which cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. Future developments include the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic, the emergence of new virus variants that are more contagious or harmful than prior variants, the actions taken to contain or mitigate its impact both within and outside the jurisdictions where we operate, the impact on governmental programs and budgets, the development of treatments or vaccines, and the resumption of widespread economic activity. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the unprecedented and rapidly evolving situation, we are unable to predict with any confidence the likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our future operations. This could materially impact our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Financial Condition
There is no guarantee that cash flow from operations and/or debt and equity financings will provide sufficient capital to meet our expansion goals working capital needs or fund our operations.
Our current strategic plan includes the expansion of our company both organically and through acquisitions if market conditions and competitive conditions allow. Due to the long-term nature of investments in acquisitions and other financial needs to support organic growth, including working capital, we expect our long-term and working capital needs to periodically exceed the short-term fluctuations in cash flow from operations. We anticipate that we may need to raise additional external capital from the sale of common stock, preferred stock and debt instruments as market conditions may allow, in addition to cash flow from operations (which may not always be sufficient), to fund our growth and working capital needs.
In the event that we need to raise significant amounts of external capital at any time or over an extended period, we face a risk that we may need to do so under adverse capital market conditions with the result that our existing shareholders, as well as persons who acquire our common stock, may incur significant and immediate dilution should we raise capital from the sale of our common or preferred stock. Similarly, we may need to meet our external capital needs from the sale of secured or unsecured debt instruments at interest rates and with such other debt covenants and conditions as the market then requires. However, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to raise external capital on terms that are reasonable in light of current market conditions. In the event that we are not able to do so, those who acquire our common stock may face significant and immediate dilution and other adverse consequences. Further, debt covenants contained in debt instruments that we issue may limit our financial and operating flexibility with consequent adverse impact on our common stock market price.
We have a history of losses and may experience losses in the future, which could result in the market price of our common stock declining.
We have incurred net losses, including net losses attributable to Cemtrex, Inc. shareholders of $9.2 million in 2023, $13.0 million in 2022, and $7.8 million in 2021. We have an accumulated deficit of $64.2 million as of September 30, 2023. We expect to continue to incur significant product development, sales and marketing and administrative expenses. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability. We cannot be certain that we will achieve profitability in the future or, if we achieve profitability, to sustain it. If we do not achieve and maintain profitability, the market price for our common stock may decline, perhaps substantially.
The Company is exposed to credit risk, market risk, and fluctuations in the value of its investment portfolio.
The Company may, from time to time invest excess cash that the Company has on hand in large cap securities listed on major exchanges, including stocks and options. The Company’s investments can be negatively affected by liquidity, credit deterioration, financial results, market and economic conditions, political risk, sovereign risk, interest rate fluctuations or other factors.
Although we have not recognized any material losses related to our cash equivalents, short-term investments, or long-term investments, future declines in the market values of such investments could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. As a result, the value and liquidity of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities may fluctuate substantially. Therefore, although the Company has not realized any significant losses on its cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, future fluctuations in their value could result in significant losses and could have an adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition and operating results.
We have substantial debt which could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund operations and prevent us from meeting our obligations under outstanding indebtedness.
As of September 30, 2023, our total indebtedness was approximately $24.4 million, including notes payable of $18.1 million, mortgage payable of $3.4 million, vendor financed purchase of $0.7 million, and bank loans of $2.2 million, including $0.9 million of PPP loans that the Company expects to be forgiven. By comparison, as of September 30, 2022, our total indebtedness was approximately $20.6 million, including notes payable of $17.7 million, mortgage payable of $2.3 million, and bank loans of $0.6 million, including $0.1 million of PPP loans. For 2023 and 2022 approximately $14.5 million and $16.9 million, respectively, of such debt is classified as current. This substantial debt could have important consequences, including the following: (i) a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available for operations, future business opportunities and capital expenditures; (ii) our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, debt service requirements and general corporate purposes in the future may be limited; (iii) we may face a competitive disadvantage to lesser leveraged competitors; (iv) our debt service requirements could make it more difficult to satisfy other financial obligations; and (v) we may be vulnerable in a downturn in general economic conditions or in our business and we may be unable to carry out activities that are important to our growth.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, or to pay interest on, or to refinance our indebtedness depends on and is subject to our financial and operating performance, which in turn is affected by general and regional economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors beyond management’s control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs, we will need to restructure or refinance all or a portion of our debt, which could impair our liquidity. Any refinancing of indebtedness, if available at all, could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants that could further restrict our business operations. Despite our significant amount of indebtedness, we may need to incur significant additional amounts of debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial debt.
Our ability to secure and maintain sufficient credit arrangements is key to our continued operations and there is no assurance we will be able to obtain sufficient additional equity or debt financing in the future.
There is no assurance that we will be able to retain or renew our credit agreements and other finance agreements in the future. In the event our company grows rapidly, the uncertain economic climate continues, or we acquire one or more other companies, additional financing resources will likely be necessary in the current or future fiscal years. As a smaller public company with a limited ability to attract and obtain financing, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain sufficient additional equity or debt financing in the future on terms that are reasonable in light of current market conditions.
Risks Related to our Business
We are substantially dependent upon the success and continued market acceptance of our technology, the absence of which may significantly reduce our sales, profits and cash flow and adversely impact our financial condition.
Competing technologies may be offered by both existing competitors or by those that enter the market, and these competing technologies may offer a better cost-benefit ratio than our products and/or at lower prices with the result that our sales, profits, and cash flow may suffer significantly over an extended period with serious adverse impact on our financial condition.
We have taken a multi-operational approach, and some of our business segments have historically failed to benefit our company to date, and there remains a risk that our remaining segments may not prove to be successful. We may divest or expand into new areas that are outside of our current business activities and those activities may not prove to be successful.
We continuously assess the composition of our portfolio businesses to ensure it is aligned with our strategic objectives and positioned to maximize growth and return in the coming years. Since our business concerns new and developing technologies, and many of these endeavors fail, some of the businesses in our portfolio may not be successful in generating sufficient revenue to be a viable option for our company.
Currently, the Company has the following business segments, consisting of (i) Security, (ii) Industrial Services, and (iii) Cemtrex Corporate. Within these segments there are a number of technologies that we are pursuing, as discussed in this annual report under “Item 1. Business.” There is a risk that one or more of our technologies will not be successful in generating revenue to sustain the expenditures associated with its existence. Moreover, having multiple business segments may present challenges, such as fluctuations in our operating results, using the company’s limited resources on less worthy business pursuits, and distracting management from obtaining its goals with respect to our overall operations. If we are unable to establish our technologies in the market, and overcome the challenges of doing so, we could go out of business.
As we continuously review our portfolio of businesses we may exit or enter into new business activities which may ultimately prove to be unsuccessful.
Our future operating results depend in part on continued successful research, development and marketing of new and improved products and services through our Security segment, and there can be no assurance that we will successfully introduce new products and services into the market.
The success of new and improved products and services through our Security segment depends on our research and development efforts and the initial acceptance of our products and solutions by consumers. Our business is affected by varying degrees of technological change and corresponding shifts in customer demand, which result in unpredictable product transitions, shortened life cycles and increased importance of being first to market with new products and services. We may experience difficulties or delays in the research and development, production and/or marketing of new products and services due to lack of capital, which may negatively impact our operating results and prevent us from recouping or realizing a return on the investments required to continue to bring new products and services to market.
Our future operating results depends in part on the continued successful operation of our Industrial Services segment, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in this business.
The success of selling services through our Industrial Services segment depends on our ability to hire and retain talent, our ability to market these services successfully to clients, the overall demand for these services, and the quality of our workmanship by our customers, among other factors. Our business is affected by varying degrees of technological change and corresponding shifts in customer demand, which result in unpredictable product transitions, shortened life cycles and increased importance of being first to market with new products and services. We may experience difficulties or delays in the delivery of services due to lack of capital or lack of adequate talent, which may negatively impact our operating results and prevent us from recouping or realizing a return on the investments required to continue to compete in our markets.
Our operating results may fluctuate, which could have a negative impact on our ability to grow our client base, establish sustainable revenues and succeed overall.
Our results of operations may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control including but not limited to:
■ general economic conditions in the geographies and industries where we sell our services and conduct operations; legislative policies where we sell our services and conduct operations;
■ the budgetary constraints of our customers; seasonality;
■ success of our strategic growth initiatives;
■ costs associated with the launching or integration of new or acquired businesses;
■ timing of new product introductions by us, our suppliers and our competitors; product and service mix, availability, utilization and pricing;
■ the mix, by state and country, of our revenues, personnel and assets;
■ movements in interest rates or tax rates;
■ changes in, and application of, accounting rules;
■ changes in the regulations applicable to us;
■ litigation matters.
As a result of these factors, we may not succeed in our business, and we could go out of business.
We operate in a cyclical business, which could result in significant fluctuations in demand for our products.
Cyclical changes in our customers’ businesses have, in the past, resulted in, and may in the future result in, significant fluctuations in demand for our products, selling prices, and our profitability. Most of our customers operate in cyclical industries. Their requirements for our technologies fluctuate significantly as a result of changes in general economic conditions, technological changes, customer demand, and other factors. During periods of increasing demand, our customers typically seek to increase their inventory of our products to avoid production bottlenecks. When demand for their products peaks and begins to decline, as has happened in the past, they tend to reduce or cancel orders for our products while they use up accumulated inventory. Business cycles vary somewhat in different geographical regions and customer industries. Significant fluctuations in sales of our products affect our unit manufacturing costs and affect our profitability by making it more difficult for us to predict our production, raw materials, and shipping needs. Changes in demand mix, needed technologies, and end-use markets may adversely affect our ability to match our products, inventory, and capacity to meet customer demand and could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. We are also vulnerable to general economic events or trends beyond our control, and our sales and profits may suffer in periods of weak demand.
Our sales and gross margins depend significantly on market demand for our products, as to which there can be no assurance.
The uncertainty in the United States and in the international economic and political environment could result in a decline in demand for our products in any industry. Our gross margins are dependent upon our ability to maintain sales volumes at levels that allow us to cover our fixed costs and variable costs per unit. To the extent that one or more product lines experience a significant and protracted decline in sales volume, we may experience significant declines in our gross margins that may result in losses. Further, any adverse changes in tax rates and laws affecting our customers could result in decreases in demand of our products and thus decrease our gross margins. Any of these factors could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In these circumstances, we anticipate that we could be required to increase or decrease staffing and more closely manage other expenses in order to meet the anticipated demand of our existing and future customers. Orders from our customers are subject to cancellation, and delivery schedules from our customers fluctuate as a result of changes in our customers’ demand, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations, and may result in higher inventory levels. Higher inventory levels may cause us to need greater external financing, which adversely affects our financial performance.
Our products face intense competitive challenges, including rapid technological changes, and pricing pressure from competitors, which could adversely affect our business.
All of our product lines are subject to significant competition from existing and future competitors, market conditions and technological change, or a combination of them, and our sales revenues and gross margins may suffer protracted and serious declines with the result that we would likely incur protracted losses. Further, the barriers to entry in several of our lines of business are not so significant that we may be facing competition from others who see significant opportunities to enter the market and undercut our prices with products that possess superior technological attributes at prices that offer our customers a better value. In this instance, we could incur protracted and significant losses and persons who acquire our common stock would suffer losses thereby.
From time to time, we may need to reduce our prices in response to competitive and customer pressures and to maintain our market share. Competition and customer pressures may also restrict our ability to increase prices in response to commodity and other input cost increases. Our results of operations will suffer if profit margins decrease, as a result of a reduction in prices, increased input costs or other factors, and if we are unable to increase sales volumes to offset those profit margin decreases. We may also need to increase spending on marketing, advertising and new product innovation to protect existing market share or increase market share. The success of our investments is subject to risks, including uncertainties about trade and consumer acceptance. As a result, our increased expenditures may not maintain or enhance market share and could result in lower profitability.
Factors affecting the industries that utilize our products could negatively impact our customers and us.
We have no real control over factors affecting the industries that utilize our products and to the extent that any one or more of these industries change dramatically, we may be facing significant financial challenges that are in excess of our existing capabilities. These factors include:
● increased competition among our customers and their competitors;
● the inability of our customers to develop and market their products;
● recessionary periods in our customers’ markets;
● the potential that our customers’ products become obsolete;
● our customers’ inability to react to rapidly changing technology; and
● our customers’ inability to pay for our products, which could, in turn, affect the company’s results of operations.
If we are unable to develop new products, our competitors may develop and market products with better features that may reduce demand for our existing and potential products or otherwise result in our products becoming obsolete and could materially and adversely affect our ability to sustain profitability.
There are many larger competitors who compete directly with us and who have significantly greater financial, technological and research resources. This may serve to severely damage our ability to market and sell our products at price levels that would allow us to achieve and maintain profit margins and positive cash flow.
We are a smaller public company, and we face rapid technological change in many of our product markets and we may not be able to introduce any successful new products or any enhancements to our existing products on a timely basis, or at all. This could result in prolonged and significant losses. In addition, our introduction of new products could adversely affect sales of certain of our existing products if these new products directly compete with our existing products. If our competitors develop innovative technologies that are superior to our products or if we fail to accurately anticipate market trends and respond on a timely basis with our own innovations, we may not achieve sufficient growth in its revenues to attain profitability or if we do, we may not be able sustain profitability.
The success of new product introductions is dependent on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, timely and successful development of new products, including software development, market acceptance of these products and our ability to manage the risks associated with these introductions. These risks include development and production capabilities, management of inventory levels to support anticipated demand, the risk that new products may have quality defects in the early stages of introduction, and obsolescence risk of existing products.
Developing and maintaining a patent portfolio is an expensive and time-consuming process and there is no assurance the Company will successfully develop patents to protect the intellectual property it is working on.
We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and if we are unable to protect against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks, or network security breaches our operations could be disrupted and we could incur significant costs and reputational harm as a result
We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit, and store electronic and financial information; to manage a variety of business processes and activities; and to comply with regulatory, legal, and tax requirements. We also depend on our information technology infrastructure for digital marketing and sales activities and for electronic communications among our locations, personnel, customers, and suppliers around the world. Many of the information technology systems used by us globally have been in place for many years and not all hardware and software is currently supported by vendors. These information technology systems are susceptible to damage, disruptions, or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, power outages, hardware failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, telecommunication failures, user errors, or catastrophic events. If our information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption, or shutdown and our business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our product sales, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially affected, and we could experience delays in reporting our financial results.
We have been, and likely will continue to be, subject to various cyber-attacks. To date, we have seen no material impact on our business or operations from these attacks or events. Any future significant compromise, breach, or misuse of our data security could result in significant costs and damage to our reputation. The ever-evolving threats mean us and our third-party service providers must continually evaluate and adapt our respective systems and processes and overall security environment, as well as those of any companies we acquire. There is no guarantee that these measures will be adequate to safeguard against all data security compromises, breaches, or misuses. In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use, and privacy becomes increasingly rigorous, compliance with those requirements could also result in additional costs.
Third-party service providers, such as distributors, subcontractors, vendors, and data processors have access to certain portions of our sensitive data. In the event that these service providers do not appropriately protect our data, the result could be a security breach or loss of our data. Any such loss of data by our third-party service providers could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
In addition, if we are unable to prevent security breaches, we may suffer financial and reputational damage or penalties because of the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information belonging to us or to our customers or suppliers. Furthermore, the disclosure of non-public sensitive information through external media channels could lead to the loss of intellectual property or damage our reputation and brand image.
We are also in the process of converting certain information technology networks and systems and consolidating certain global systems. If such projects fail, or if unexpected technical difficulties arise, our operations and financial systems could be adversely affected. Further, we could incur additional costs or require additional technical support to resolve such difficulties.
Our operating results are sensitive to raw material and resale product availability, quality, and cost
We seek to have many sources of supply for each of our major requirements in order to avoid significant dependence on any one or a few suppliers. However, the supply of materials or other items could be disrupted by natural disasters, international trade tariffs, wars, pandemics, disputes and or other events. Despite market price volatility for certain requirements and materials pricing pressures at some of our businesses, the raw materials and various purchased components needed for our products have generally been available in sufficient quantities. In some instances, lead times have extended beyond normal due to logistic delays and labor shortages occurring globally. Some of our products, however, require the use of raw materials that are available from only a limited number of regions around the world, are available from only a limited number of suppliers, or may be subject to significant fluctuations in market prices. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if we have difficulty obtaining these raw materials, our key suppliers experience financial difficulties, the quality of available raw materials deteriorates, or there are significant price increases for these raw materials. Our inability to recover increased costs through increased sales prices could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. For periods in which the prices for these raw materials rise, we may be unable to pass on the increased cost to our customers, which would result in decreased sales margins for the products in which they are used. For periods in which prices for these raw materials decline, we may be required, as has occurred in the past, to write down our inventory carrying cost of these raw materials and products. Depending on the extent of the difference between market price and our carrying cost, the write-down could have a significant adverse effect on our results of operations.
We resell products manufactured by other component and interconnect product manufacturers. Should these manufacturers experience difficulties supplying the products that we resell, or such suppliers use other channels to market their products, we could experience lower sales, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Risks Related to Legal Uncertainty
We could be subject to additional civil penalties or face criminal penalties and sanctions if we violate the terms of settlement with the SEC.
On September 30, 2022, acting pursuant to an offer of settlement submitted by the Company, the SEC issued an order pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act, directing the Company to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 17(a) of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder (the “SEC Order”).
While we have already paid the penalties imposed by the order into which we entered pursuant to the SEC Order, it contains ongoing and continuing requirements that we refrain from violating the Securities Act. Any future violation of applicable securities laws by us or management could result in harsher sanctions and fines, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plans. SEC staff can make reasonable requests from us for further evidence of compliance. Such requests for further information, record-keeping requirements and others generally could divert management’s attention from implementing its business plans and could require additional material expenditures by us to legal counsel or other advisors and service providers. Further issues could reduce investor and shareholder confidence in our company and could result in a failure to execute on our business plan, which would negatively impact our business. A copy of the SEC Order can be found at www.sec.gov.
Our global operations subject us to many different and complex laws and rules, and we may face difficulty in compliance.
Due to our global operations, we are subject to many laws governing international relations (including but not limited to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.S. Export Administration Act the EU General Data Protection Regulation, and the U.K. Modern Anti-Slavery Act); which prohibit improper payments to government officials and restrict where and how we can do business, what information or products we can supply to certain countries, what personal information we can transfer, and what information we can provide to a non-U.S. government. Although we have procedures and policies in place that should mitigate the risk of violations of these laws, there is no guarantee that they will be sufficiently effective. If, and when we acquire new businesses, we may not be able to ensure that the pre-existing controls and procedures meant to prevent violations of the rules and laws were effective, and we may not be able to implement effective controls and procedures to prevent violations quickly enough when integrating newly acquired businesses. Acquisitions of new businesses in new non-U.S. jurisdictions may also subject us to new regulations and laws, and we may face difficulties ensuring compliance with these new requirements.
Provisions in the Delaware law and our Bylaws could make it very difficult for an investor to bring any legal actions against our directors or officers for violations of their fiduciary duties or could require us to pay any amounts incurred by our directors or officers in any such actions.
Members of our board of directors and our officers will have no liability for breaches of their fiduciary duty of care as a director or officer, except in limited circumstances, pursuant to provisions in the Delaware law and our Bylaws. Accordingly, you may be unable to prevail in a legal action against our directors or officers even if they have breached their fiduciary duty of care. In addition, our Bylaws allow us to indemnify our directors and officers from and against any and all costs, charges and expenses resulting from their acting in such capacities with us. This means that if you were able to enforce an action against our directors or officers, in all likelihood, we would be required to pay any expenses they incurred in defending the lawsuit and any judgment or settlement they otherwise would be required to pay. Accordingly, our indemnification obligations could divert needed financial resources and may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock.
If we fail to establish, maintain, and enforce intellectual property rights with respect to our technology, our financial condition, results of operations and business could be negatively impacted.
Our ability to establish, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights with respect to our proprietary technologies, patents, patent applications, software and other rights will be a significant factor in determining our future financial and operating performance. We seek to protect our intellectual property rights by relying on a combination of patent, trade secret and copyright laws. We also use confidentiality and other provisions in our agreements that restrict access to and disclosure of our confidential know-how and trade secrets.
We have filed patent applications with respect to many aspects of our technologies. However, we cannot provide any assurances that any of these applications will ultimately result in issued patents or, if patents are issued, that they will provide sufficient protections for our technology against competitors. Although we have filed various patent applications for some of our core technologies, we currently hold only six issued patents, with two in the United States and four in Canada, and we may face delays and difficulties in obtaining our other filed patents, or we may not be able to obtain such patents at all.
Outside of these patent applications, we seek to protect our technology as trade secrets and technical know-how. However, trade secrets and technical know-how are difficult to maintain and do not provide the same legal protections provided by patents. In particular, only patents will allow us to prohibit others from using independently developed technology that are similar. If competitors develop knowledge substantially equivalent or superior to our trade secrets and technical know-how or gain access to our knowledge through other means such as observation of our technology that embodies trade secrets at customer sites which we do not control, the value of our trade secrets and technical know-how would be diminished.
While we strive to maintain systems and procedures to protect the confidentiality and security of our trade secrets and technical know-how, these systems and procedures may fail to provide an adequate degree of protection. For example, although we generally enter into agreements with our employees, consultants, advisors, and strategic partners restricting the disclosure and use of trade secrets, technical know-how and confidential information, we cannot provide any assurance that these agreements will be sufficient to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure. In addition, some of the technology deployed at customer sites in the future, which we do not control, may be readily observable by third parties who are not under contractual obligations of non-disclosure, which may limit or compromise our ability to continue to protect such technology as a trade secret.
Monitoring and policing unauthorized use and disclosure of intellectual property is difficult. If we learned that a third party was in fact infringing or otherwise violating our intellectual property, we may need to enforce our intellectual property rights through litigation. Litigation relating to our intellectual property may not prove successful and might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
From our customers’ standpoint, the strength of the intellectual property under which we control can be a critical determinant of the value of our products and services. If we are unable to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property, it may become more difficult for us to attract new customers. Any such development could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not have sufficient financial resources to defend our intellectual property rights or otherwise successfully defend against claims that we have infringed on a third party’s intellectual property and, as a result, it may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Even if such claims are not valid, they could subject us to significant costs. In addition, it may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Litigation may also be necessary to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity by others. We may not have sufficient financial resources to defend our intellectual property rights or otherwise to successfully defend the company against valid or spurious claims that we have infringed upon the intellectual property rights of others. An adverse outcome in litigation or any similar proceedings could force us to take actions that could harm its business. These include: (i) ceasing to sell products that contain allegedly infringing property; (ii) obtaining licenses to the relevant intellectual property which we may not be able to obtain on terms that are acceptable, or at all; (iii) indemnifying certain customers or strategic partners if it is determined that we have infringed upon or misappropriated another party’s intellectual property; and (iv) redesigning products that embody allegedly infringing intellectual property. Any of these results could adversely and significantly affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the cost of defending or asserting any intellectual property claim, both in legal fees and expenses, and the diversion of management resources, regardless of whether the claim is valid, could be significant and lead to significant and protracted losses.
Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of our product or any future products that we may develop.
We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the sale of our products and the future sale of planned products. We may be sued if any of our products allegedly causes injury. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability, and a breach of warranties. We may also be subject to liability for a misunderstanding of, or inappropriate reliance upon, the information we provide. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that our product or planned products caused injuries, we may incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:
■ decreased demand for our product or any planned products that we may develop;
■ injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention;
■ significant costs to defend the related litigation and distraction to our management team;
■ substantial monetary awards to plaintiffs;
■ loss of revenue; and
■ the inability to commercialize any future products that we may develop.
Such events could subject us to costly litigation, require us to pay substantial amounts of money to injured parties, delay, negatively impact, or end our opportunity to market those products, or require us to suspend or abandon our commercialization efforts. Even in a circumstance in which we do not believe that an adverse event is related to our product, the investigation into the circumstance may be time-consuming or inconclusive. These investigations may interrupt our sales efforts. As a result of these factors, a product liability claim, even if successfully defended, could harm our business.
We currently maintain product liability insurance coverage, which may not be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise.
If we experience material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.
As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and provide a management report on internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. We may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective. The identification of one or more material weaknesses would preclude a conclusion that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, there could continue to be a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its evaluation, our management concluded that as of September 30, 2023, that our internal control over financial reporting were effective.
We are required to disclose changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. However, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until we are no longer an “smaller reporting company.” At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating. Our remediation efforts may not enable us to avoid a material weakness in the future. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or when required in the future, if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
Risks Related to Acquisitions
We have grown through acquisitions and are continuously looking to fund other acquisitions; our failure to raise funds for acquisitions may have the effect of slowing down our growth and our use of funds for acquisitions subjects us to acquisition-related risks.
We intend to make acquisitions of complementary (including competitive) businesses, products and technologies. However, any future acquisitions may result in material transaction costs, increased interest and amortization expenses related to goodwill and other intangible assets, increased depreciation expense and increased operating expenses, any of which could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position. Acquisitions will require integration of acquired assets and management into our operations to realize economies of scale and control costs. Acquisitions may involve other risks, including diversion of management attention that would otherwise be available for ongoing internal development of our business and risks inherent in entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience. In connection with future acquisitions, we may make potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities. In addition, consummation of acquisitions may subject us to unanticipated business uncertainties, contingent liabilities or legal matters relating to those acquired businesses for which the sellers of the acquired businesses may not fully indemnify us. There can be no assurance that our business will grow through acquisitions, as anticipated.
We may fail to successfully integrate our acquisitions or otherwise be unable to benefit from pursuing acquisitions.
We believe there are meaningful opportunities to grow through acquisitions and joint ventures across all product categories and we expect to continue a strategy of selectively identifying and acquiring businesses with complementary products. We may be unable to identify, negotiate, and complete suitable acquisition opportunities on reasonable terms. There can be no assurance that any business acquired by us will be successfully integrated with our operations or prove to be profitable to us. We may incur future liabilities related to acquisitions. Should any of the following problems, or others, occur as a result of our acquisition strategy, the impact could be material:
■ difficulties integrating personnel from acquired entities and other corporate cultures into our business;
■ difficulties integrating information systems;
■ the potential loss of key employees of acquired companies;
■ the assumption of liabilities and exposure to undisclosed or unknown liabilities of acquired companies; or
■ the diversion of management attention from existing operations.
Risks Related to Our Management and Control Persons
The loss of the services of Saagar Govil for any reason would materially and adversely affect our business operations and prospects.
Our financial success is dependent to a significant degree upon the efforts of Saagar Govil, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. Saagar Govil possesses management, financial expertise, engineering, sales and marketing experience concerning our company that our other officers do not have. We have not entered into an employment arrangement with Mr. Govil, and we have not obtained key man insurance over him. There can be no assurance that Saagar Govil will continue to provide services to us. A voluntary or involuntary departure by Saagar Govil could have a materially adverse effect on our business operations if we were not able to attract a qualified replacement for them in a timely manner.
If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, especially our design and technical personnel, we may not be able to execute our business strategy effectively.
Our future success depends on our ability to retain, attract and motivate qualified personnel, including our management, sales and marketing, finance, and especially our design and technical personnel. As the source of our technological and product innovations, our design and technical personnel represent a significant asset. Any inability to retain, attract or motivate such personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our management stockholders have significant stockholdings in and influence over our company which could make it impossible for public stockholders to influence the affairs of our company.
We are a “controlled company” under Nasdaq Listing Rules. Approximately 90% of our outstanding voting shares, which includes our common stock, Series C preferred stock and Series 1 preferred stock, are beneficially held by Saagar Govil, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to certificate of designation for our Series C preferred, each outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock is entitled to the number of votes equal to the result of (i) the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at the time of such vote multiplied by 10.01, and divided by (ii) the total number of shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding at the time of such vote, at each meeting of our shareholders with respect to any and all matters presented to our shareholders for their action or consideration, including the election of directors. As a result of Saagar Govil’s ownership of our common stock, Series C preferred stock, and Series 1 preferred stock, he controls, and will control in the future, substantially all matters requiring approval by the stockholders of our company, including the election of all directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This could make it impossible for public stockholders to influence the affairs of our company.
Risks Related to Our Securities
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could depress the market price of our common stock.
Our common stock and Series 1 Preferred Stock are listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our securities in the public market, including the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of our Series 1 warrants and stock options, and shares issued as consideration in future acquisitions, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our securities could fall and we may be unable to sell our securities in the future.
Our securities may experience extreme price and volume fluctuations, which could lead to costly litigation for us and make an investment in us less appealing.
The market price of our securities may fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including:
● our business strategy and plans;
● changing factors related to doing business in various jurisdictions within the United States;
● new regulatory pronouncements and changes in regulatory guidelines and timing of regulatory approvals;
● general and industry-specific economic conditions;
● additions to or departures of our key personnel;
● variations in our quarterly financial and operating results;
● changes in market valuations of other companies that operate in our business segments or in our industry;
● lack of trading liquidity;
● announcements about our business partners;
● Intellectual property disputes;
● Operating results below or exceeding expectations or period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results;
● Whether we achieve profits or not;
● changes in accounting principles; and
● general market conditions, economic and other external factors.
The market prices of the securities of early-stage companies, particularly companies like ours without consistent product revenues and earnings, have been highly volatile and are likely to remain highly volatile in the future. This volatility has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In the past, companies that experience volatility in the market price of their securities have often faced securities class action litigation. Whether or not meritorious, litigation brought against us could result in substantial costs, divert our management’s attention and resources and harm our financial condition and results of operations.
Our Series 1 preferred stock and all of our existing and future indebtedness rank senior to our common stock in the event of a liquidation, winding up or dissolution of our business.
In the event of our liquidation, winding up or dissolution, our assets would be available to make payments to holders of all existing and future indebtedness and Series 1 preferred stock before payments to holders of our common stock. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or winding up, there may not be sufficient assets remaining, after paying amounts to the holders of our indebtedness and Series 1 preferred stock, to pay anything to common stockholders. As of September 30, 2023, we had total consolidated debt of approximately $37.8 million and 2,293,116 shares issued and 2,229,016 shares of Series 1 preferred stock outstanding. Any liquidation, winding up or dissolution of our company or of any of our wholly or partially owned subsidiaries would have a material adverse effect on holders of our common stock.
Our common stockholders may be adversely affected by the issuance of any subsequent series of preferred stock.
Our certificate of incorporation does not restrict our ability to offer one or more additional new series of preferred stock, any or all of which may rank equally with or have preferences over our common stock as to dividend payments, voting rights, rights upon liquidation or other types of rights. We would have no obligation to consider the specific interests of the holders of common stock in creating any such new series of preferred stock or engaging in any such offering or transaction. Our creation of any new series of preferred stock or our engaging in any such offering or transaction could have a material adverse effect on holders of our common stock.
The public trading market for the common stock may be limited in the future.
Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol CETX. The trading volume fluctuates and there have been time periods during which the common stock trading volume has been limited. Management can make no assurances that trading volume will not be similarly limited in the future. Without an active trading market, there can be no assurance of any liquidity or resale value of the common stock, and stockholders may be required to hold their shares of common stock for an indefinite period of time.
We may not pay cash dividends on our common stock.
Our board of directors declared a one-time cash dividend on our common stock in April 2017. The terms of our series 1 preferred stock provide for the payment of semiannual dividends on the last day of March and September in each year, which began in March 2017. No other cash dividends have been declared or paid by us on our stock during either of the two most recent fiscal years or the period through the date of this Annual Report. Other than with respect to our series 1 preferred stock, our board of directors declares dividends when, in its discretion, it determines that a dividend payment, as opposed to another use of cash, is in the best interests of the stockholders. Such decisions are based on the facts and circumstances then existing including, without limitation, our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant. As a result, we cannot predict when, or whether, another dividend on our common stock will be declared in the future.
If our shares become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.
The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If the price of our Common Stock is less than $5.00, our Common Stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our Common Stock, and therefore shareholders may have difficulty selling their shares.
Although our Common Stock and Series 1 Preferred Stock are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the exchange may subsequently delist our Common Stock or Series 1 Preferred Stock if we fail to comply with ongoing listing standards.
Although our Common Stock and Series 1 Preferred Stock are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the exchange will require us to meet certain financial, public float, bid price and liquidity standards on an ongoing basis in order to continue the listing of our Common Stock and Series 1 Preferred Stock. If we fail to meet these continued listing requirements, our Common Stock and/or our Series 1 Preferred stock may be subject to delisting. If our Common Stock and/or our Series 1 Preferred Stock are delisted and we are not able to list such Common Stock or Series 1 Preferred Stock on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities would be quoted on an over-the-counter market; However, if this were to occur, our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including limited availability of market quotations for our Common Stock and Series 1 Preferred Stock and reduced liquidity for the trading of our securities. In addition, in the event of such delisting, we could experience a decreased ability to issue additional securities and obtain additional financing in the future. Even though our securities are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for our securities will develop or be sustained after our initial listing.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company has the following properties:
The Company has its corporate headquarters in Hauppauge, New York as part of the office and warehouse space discussed below.
The Company’s Industrial Services segment owns approximately (i) 25,000 square feet of warehouse space in Manchester, PA (ii) approximately 43,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in York, PA (iii) approximately 33,500 square feet of office and warehouse space and 0.71 acres of land in a non-contiguous lot utilized for outdoor storage space in Columbia, PA. The Industrial Services segment also leases approximately 15,500 square feet of warehouse space in Emigsville, PA from a third party in a three-year lease at a monthly rent of $5,099 expiring on August 31, 2025.
The Company’s Security segment leases (i) approximately 6,700 square feet of office and warehouse space in Pune, India from a third party in an five year lease at a monthly rent of $5,810 (INR473,415) expiring on February 28, 2024, (ii) approximately 30,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in Hauppauge, NY from a third party in a seven-year lease at a monthly rent of $28,719 expiring on March 31, 2027, (iii) approximately 911 square feet of office space in Clovis, CA on a month-to-month lease at a monthly rent of $4,930, and (iv) approximately 9,400 square feet of office and warehouse space in Hampshire, England in a fifteen-year lease with at a monthly rent of $9,821 (£7,669) which expires on March 24, 2031 and contains provisions to terminate in 2026.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise, in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Company’s Common Stock currently trades on the NASDAQ Capital Markets under the symbol “CETX.”
As of December 26, 2023, the Company had 70 shareholders of record. This amount does not take into account shareholders whose shares are held in “street name” by brokerage houses or other intermediaries.
The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 and 50,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share. On December 26, 2023, there were 1,055,636 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, 2,408,053 shares of Series 1 preferred stock issued and 2,343,953 shares outstanding, and 50,000 shares of Series C preferred stock issued and outstanding.
As reported by NASDAQ Capital Markets, on December 26, 2023, the closing sales price of the Company’s Common Stock was $5.40 per share.
Dividend Policy
Our board of directors declared a one-time cash dividend on our common stock in April 2017. The terms of our series 1 preferred stock provide for the payment of semiannual dividends on the last day of March and September in each year, which began in March 2017. No other cash dividends have been declared or paid by us on our stock during either of the two most recent fiscal years or the period through the date of this Annual Report. Other than with respect to our series 1 preferred stock, our board of directors declares dividends when, in its discretion, it determines that a dividend payment, as opposed to another use of cash, is in the best interests of the stockholders. Such decisions are based on the facts and circumstances then existing including, without limitation, our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant. As a result, we cannot predict when, or whether, another dividend on our common stock will be declared in the future.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table presents certain information as of September 30, 2023, regarding our equity compensation plans:
Plan category Number of Common Stock Shares to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Plans (1)
(a) (b) (c)
Approved by security holders
2020 Equity Compensation Plan 8,793 $ 13.65 1,991,207
Not approved by security holders
Options 20,003 $ 66.95
Total 28,796 $ 50.67 1,991,207
(1) See more detailed information regarding our equity compensation plans in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30,2023.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
The information set forth below relates to our issuances of securities without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 during the reporting period which were not previously included in an Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K.
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, 213,894 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock were issued to pay dividends to holders of Series 1 Preferred Stock.
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, we issued 241,655 shares of common stock to satisfy $1,917,873 of notes payable and accumulated interest.
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, we issued 30,103 shares of common stock in exchange for $215,800 of services to the Company.
On October 6, 2022, 115,037 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock were issued to pay dividends to holders of Series 1 Preferred Stock.
These securities were issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506 promulgated thereunder. The holders represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view towards distribution. The investors were given adequate information about us to make an informed investment decision. We did not engage in any general solicitation or advertising. We directed our transfer agent to issue the stock certificates with the appropriate restrictive legend affixed to the restricted stock.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Except for historical information contained in this report, the matters discussed are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this report, words such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “could”, “estimates”, “expects”, “may”, “plans”, “potential” and “intends” and similar expressions, as they relate to the Company or its management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of the Company’s management, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company’s management. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the following: the effect of business and economic conditions; the impact of competitive products and their pricing; unexpected manufacturing or supplier problems; the Company’s ability to maintain sufficient credit arrangements; changes in governmental standards by which our environmental control products are evaluated and the risk factors reported from time to time in the Company’s SEC reports, including this report on Form 10-K. The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements as a result of future events or developments.
Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company’s accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. As disclosed in Note 2, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The Company believes that the following discussion addresses the Company’s most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.
Valuation of Goodwill
At September 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $4,400,000 of goodwill. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In accordance with the FASB revised guidance on “Testing of Goodwill for Impairment,” a company first has the option to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the company decides, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than- not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is mandatory. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill.
Assessing the Company’s goodwill for impairment analyses is complex and highly judgmental due to the nature of qualitive assessment and, where necessary, the significant estimation required to determine the fair value of the reporting units. In particular, the fair value estimate is sensitive to significant assumptions, such as future operating results, cash flows and the weighted average cost of capital. These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be materially affected by future market or economic conditions.
Related Parties
During fiscal year 2023, the Company sold two of its operating entities to Saagar Govil, Chairman of the Board, CEO, President and Secretary, additionally, there are transactions related to Ducon Industries, Inc. owned by Aron Govil, Founder, and former CFO and Executive director all of which are discussed in Note 17 of the consolidated financial statements. The financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of consolidated or combined financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall include: a. the nature of the relationship(s) involved b. description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements; c. the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and d. amounts due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement.
Business Combinations
During fiscal year 2023, The Company acquired Heisey Mechanical, Ltd. As discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements. The Company accounts for business combinations under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 “Business Combinations” using the acquisition method of accounting, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired business are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value is recorded as goodwill. All acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. Upon acquisition, the accounts and results of operations are consolidated as of and subsequent to the acquisition date.
Please see Note 2 for detailed information regarding our significant accounting policies and estimates in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023.
Results of Operations - For the fiscal years ending September 30, 2023 and 2022
Total revenue for the year ended September 30, 2023, increased by $14,341,782 or 32% to $59,368,562 from $45,026,780 for the year ended September 30, 2022. Net loss for the year ended September 30, 2023, decreased by $3,981,654 to $9,310,588 from $13,292,242 for the year ended September 30, 2022. Total revenue for the period increased, as compared to total revenue in the same period last year, due to increased demand for the Company’s products and services and $2,316,000 of additional revenue from the business related to the acquisition of Heisey Mechanical. Net loss decreased due to the increase in revenue, an impairment of goodwill and the write-off of related party receivables in the prior year.
Revenues
Our Security segment revenues for the years ended September 30, 2023, increased by $10,538,706 or 44%, to $34,359,470 from $23,820,764 for the year ended September 30, 2022. This increase is due to an increased demand for security technology products under our Vicon brand.
Our Industrial Services segment revenues for the year ended September 30, 2023, increased by $3,803,076 or 18%, to $25,009,092 from $21,206,016 for the year ended September 30, 2022. This increase is mainly due to an increased demand for the segment’s products and services and $2,316,000 of additional revenue from the business related to the acquisition of Heisey Mechanical.
Gross Profit
Gross Profit for the year ended September 30, 2023, was $25,685,826 or 43% of revenues as compared to gross profit of $16,565,928 or 37% of revenues for the year ended September 30, 2022.
Gross profit in our Security segment was $17,106,300 or 50% of the segment’s revenues for the year ended September 30, 2023, as compared to gross profit of $10,223,704 or 43% of the segment’s revenues for the year ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased in the year ended September 30, 2023, compared to the year ended September 30, 2022, due to price increases implemented throughout the segment in January 2023 in response to rising costs of our goods and a reduction in transportation costs in 2023, compared to 2022.
Gross profit in our Industrial Services segment was $8,579,526 or 34% of the segment’s revenues for the year ended September 30, 2023, as compared to gross profit of $6,342,224 or 30% of the segment’s revenues for the year ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased in the year ended September 30, 2023, compared to the year ended September 30, 2022, was primarily due to an increase in prices for our services and lower subcontractor costs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and Administrative Expenses for the year ended September 30, 2023, increased by $994,785 or 4% to $24,006,490 from $22,934,555 for the year ended September 30, 2022. The increase in general and administrative expenses is mainly due to increases in salaries and wages, travel, and utilities.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and Development expenses for the year ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 were $3,267,994 and $4,444,488, respectively. The decrease in Research and Development expenses are primarily related to the Security Segment’s development of proprietary technology and next generation solutions associated with security and surveillance systems software which are nearing the production phase.
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense) for the year ended September 30, 2023, was $(4,489,605) as compared to $3,302,035 for the year ended 2022. Other income/(expense) for the year ended September 30, 2023, was mainly driven by interest expense on the Company’s debt and included an employee retention credit of $416,502. Other income/(expense) for the year ended September 30, 2022, included the following one-time items (i) the settlement with Securities and Exchange Commission, generated other expense of $2,200,000, (ii) other income resulting from the forgiveness of our PPP loans of $971,500. Additionally, the company had realized gains on marketable securities of $8,402,125.
Income Tax Benefit/(Expense)
During the fiscal year of 2023 we recorded an income tax expense of $394,272 compared to a benefit of $208,545 for the fiscal year of 2022. The increase in the expense for income tax is mainly due to an increase in the net income of the industrial services segment compared to the prior year.
Effects of Inflation
The Company’s business and operations have not been materially affected by inflation during the periods for which financial information is presented.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Working capital was $1,948,923 at September 30, 2023, compared to $6,252,972 at September 30, 2022. This includes cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $6,349,562 at September 30, 2023, and $11,473,676 at September 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to the decrease in the Company’s current assets of $2,474,726 and an increase in the Company’s current liabilities of $1,906,473. The primary reason for the decrease in current assets was the cash used for operations during the fiscal year and the decrease in assets of discontinued operations, while the primary reason for the increase in current liabilities was the increase in the Company’s accounts payable.
Operating activities for continuing operations used $4,724,305 for the year ended September 30, 2023, compared to using $16,262,531 of cash for the year ended September 30, 2022. Cash provided by operating activities for discontinued operations for the year ended September 30, 2023, was $2,491,581, compared to providing cash of $169,027 for the year ended September 30, 2022.
Trade receivables increased by $3,810,479 or 71% to $9,209,695 at September 30, 2023, from $5,399,216 at September 30, 2022. The increase in trade receivables is mainly due to increased revenues and receivables related to the business generated by the acquisition of Heisey.
Investing activities for continuing operations used $5,628,400 of cash during the year ended September 30, 2023, compared to $6,681,035 provided in the year ended September 30, 2022. Cash used by investing activities for discontinued operations for the year ended September 30, 2023, was $0, compared to using $70,908 for the year ended September 30, 2022. Investing activities for fiscal year 2023 were mainly driven by the purchase of property and equipment and the acquisition of Heisey Mechanical. Investing activities for fiscal year 2022 were mainly driven by the sale and purchase of marketable securities.
Financing activities provided $2,036,655 of cash for the year ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $5,022,537 provided in the year ended September 30, 2022. In fiscal 2023 our financing activities were mainly comprised of financing of the acquisition of Heisey and the building purchase. In fiscal 2022 our financing activities were mainly comprised of the proceeds on new debt.
The Company has incurred substantial losses of $9,196,875 and $13,020,958 for fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively, and has debt obligations over the next fiscal year of $14,507,711 and working capital of $1,948,923, that raise substantial doubt with respect to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
While the Company’s working capital and current debt indicate a substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the Company has historically, from time to time, satisfied and may continue to satisfy certain short-term liabilities through the issuance of common stock, thus reducing our cash requirement to meet our operating needs. Additionally, the Company has recently sold unprofitable brands, reducing the cash required to maintain those brands, implemented a new pricing model on our Vicon brand which has improved margins on those products, has refinanced some debt to provide the Company with additional capital when needed, has effected a reverse stock split on our common stock to remain trading on the Nasdaq Capital Markets, and improve our ability to raise capital through equity offerings and reduce the number of shares the Company may use to satisfy debt. In the event additional capital is raised through equity offerings and/or debt is satisfied with equity, it may have a dilutive effect on our existing stockholders. While the Company believes these plans are sufficient to meet the capital demands of our current operations for at least the next twelve months, the is no guarantee that we will succeed.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not required under Regulation S-K for “smaller reporting companies”.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements required to be included in this report appear as indexed in the appendix to this report beginning on page.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There have been no disagreements with Grassi & CO., CPAs, P.C., our independent registered public accountants, on accounting and financial disclosure matters.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and we necessarily are required to apply our judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures.
Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes, in accordance with GAAP. Because of inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Additionally, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate due to change in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its evaluation, our management concluded that as of September 30, 2023, that our internal control over financial reporting were effective and there are no material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to Commission rules that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
This report shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, and is not incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the years ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company engaged a third-party accounting firm to assist with entity level controls around the review of period-end reporting processes, accounting policies and public disclosures that is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
As of the date of this Annual Report, the members of our Board of Directors and Executive Officers are:
Name and Address
Age
Positions and Offices
Saagar Govil
Chairman of the Board of Directors,President,
276 Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Chief Executive Officer, & Director
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Paul J. Wyckoff
Interim Chief Financial Officer
276 Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Brian Kwon
Director
276 Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Manpreet Singh
Director
276 Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Metodi Filipov
Director
276 Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Principal Occupations and Business Experience of Directors and Executive Officers
The following is a brief account of the business experience of the Company’s directors:
Saagar Govil is the Company’s Chairman since June 2014, and the Chief Executive Officer and President since December 2011. He has been working at Cemtrex since 2008, initially as a field engineer, subsequently moving into sales, and management roles as Vice President of Operations. Saagar was recently recognized as a Forbes’ 30 Under 30 in 2016, Business Insiders #17 on Top 100 of Silicon Alley in 2015, and Top 40 Under 40 by Stony Brook University in 2014. Saagar Govil has a B.E. in Materials Engineering from Stony Brook University and completed the PLD program at Harvard Business School.
Paul J. Wyckoff was appointed Cemtrex’s Interim Chief Financial Officer on January 28, 2021, where he is responsible for the Company’s financial planning, accounting, tax, and business process functions. Mr. Wyckoff has been with Cemtrex since March of 2014 when he joined as the Manager of Financial Reporting and since January of 2019 has served as the Company’s Corporate Controller. Prior to joining Cemtrex, Mr. Wyckoff was the Controller at Vaso Corporation (formerly Vasomedical, Inc.) a medical device distribution company based in Plainview, NY. Mr. Wyckoff has over 20 years of private accounting experience and holds a B.S. in Accounting from SUNY College at Old Westbury.
Brian Kwon was appointed to the as a director on September 28, 2021 and is presently the President and Chief Procurement Officer of H Mart. Brian has extensive operations experience in purchasing, distribution, logistics, IT, HR, and e-commerce from his time at H-Mart. Brian has completed the Harvard Business School General Management Program.
Manpreet Singh was appointed as a director on November 1, 2021 and is currently the founder and Chief Investment Officer of Singh Capital Partners (SCP), a multifamily office that directs investments into venture capital, real estate, and growth equity. SCP invests capital on behalf of Fortune 500 CXOs, Unicorn founders and operators and has executed investments in North America, Europe and Asia. He serves on the numerous non-profit and private company boards including AcquCo, US Inspect, Embrace Software, Snowball Industries, Shukr Investments, Suburban Hospital (John Hopkins Medicine) and Dingman Center at the Smith School of Business. He is a CFA charterholder and Manpreet received his MBA from the Wharton School of Business in Entrepreneurship, Finance, and Real Estate. He also holds a B.S. in Finance with a citation in Entrepreneurship from the University of Maryland, College Park. Mr. Singh’s extensive knowledge of finance allow him to make valuable contributions to the Board.
Metodi Filipov was appointed to the Board on February 9, 2018 and is an entrepreneur and technology executive with over 25 years of experience creating, operating and driving growth for technology companies. He has a proven track record of identifying business opportunities and building compelling products. Metodi was formerly VP of Operations at Cemtrex from 2008 to 2010. After Cemtrex, Mr. Filipov served as Managing Director of Bianor, a mobile consulting company providing solutions for enterprise clients. There, he led the development and implementation of innovative mobile products in industries including aviation, pharmaceutical and entertainment. Metodi co-founded Flipps Media, an OTT video distribution platform positioned to be an alternative to traditional cable pay-per-view systems. Before Bianor, he served as product lead for Raritan, a data center technology organization, where he was an integral part of the transition team that led the company to becoming a global IT service management solutions provider. Prior to joining Raritan, Mr. Filipov served as VP of Operations at ISS, a security products company. There, he successfully managed product development and contract manufacturing across continents. Mr. Filipov has extensive experience delivering superior solutions with a focus on optimized efficiency and productivity.
Each director of the Company serves for a term of one year or until the successor is elected at the Company’s annual shareholders’ meeting and is qualified, subject to removal by the Company’s shareholders. Each officer serves, at the pleasure of the board of directors, for a term of one year and until the successor is elected at the annual meeting of the board of directors and is qualified.
Meetings of the Board of Directors
During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Board of Directors held four meetings.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
During the past 10 years, other than as set forth below, none of our current directors, nominees for directors or current executive officers has been involved in any legal proceeding identified in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K, including:
1. Any petition under the Federal bankruptcy laws or any state insolvency law filed by or against, or a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer was appointed by a court for the business or property of such person, or any partnership in which he or she was a general partner at or within two years before the time of such filing, or any corporation or business association of which he or she was an executive officer at or within two years before the time of such filing;
2. Any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being named a subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);
3. Being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him or her from, or otherwise limiting, the following activities:
i. Acting as a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, floor broker, leverage transaction merchant, any other person regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or an associated person of any of the foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or as an affiliated person, director or employee of any investment company, bank, savings and loan association or insurance company, or engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with such activity;
ii. Engaging in any type of business practice; or
iii. Engaging in any activity in connection with the purchase or sale of any security or commodity or in connection with any violation of Federal or State securities laws or Federal commodities laws;
4. Being subject to any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any Federal or State authority barring, suspending or otherwise limiting for more than 60 days the right of such person to engage in any type of business regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, securities, investment, insurance or banking activities, or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;
5. Being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the SEC to have violated any Federal or State securities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the Commission has not been subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated;
6. Being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any Federal commodities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has not been subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated;
7. Being subject to, or a party to, any Federal or State judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of:
i. Any Federal or State securities or commodities law or regulation; or
ii. Any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order; or
iii. Any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
8. Being subject to, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26))), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1(a)(29))), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
See subsection titled “Settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission” under Item 1. Business of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Committees of the Board
Our Board of Directors currently has one standing committee: The Audit Committee.
Compensation Committee
As a “Controlled Company” as such term is defined under NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615, the Company is not required to have a Compensation Committee.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee, which has been established in accordance with requirements of Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act, is comprised of the following independent directors: Metodi Filipov (Chair), Brian Kwon, and Manpreet Singh. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of the Audit Committee: (i) is independent, (ii) meets the financial literacy requirements of the Nasdaq Rules, and (iii) meets the enhanced independence standards established by the SEC. In addition, the Board has determined that Mr. Filipov qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act by the SEC.
The Audit Committee is primarily concerned with the integrity of our financial statements, the independence, qualifications and performance of our independent registered public accounting firm, and our compliance with legal requirements. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee that reflects standards and requirements adopted by the SEC and NASDAQ.
As indicated in its charter, the Audit Committee’s duties include selecting and engaging our independent registered public accounting firm; reviewing the scope of the audit to be conducted by our independent registered public accounting firm; overseeing our independent registered public accounting firm and reviewing the results of its audit; reviewing our financial reporting processes, including the accounting principles and practices followed and the financial information provided to shareholders and others; overseeing our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures; and serving as our legal compliance committee.
Nomination of Directors
The Company does not currently have a standing nominating committee or a formal nominating committee charter. As a “Controlled Company” as such term is defined by NASDAQ Listing Rule 5615 the Company is not required to have a Nominating Committee. Currently, the independent members of the Board (Messrs. Kwon, Singh, Wagner, and Filipov), rather than a nominating committee, approve or recommend to the full Board those persons to be nominated. The Board believes that the current method of nominating directors is appropriate because it allows each independent board member input into the nomination process and does not unnecessarily restrict the input that might be provided from an independent director who could be excluded from a committee. Currently, three of the five Directors are independent. Furthermore, the Board has adopted by resolution a director nomination policy. The purpose of the policy is to describe the process by which candidates for inclusion in the Company’s recommended slate of director nominees are selected. The director nomination policy is administered by the Board. Many of the benefits that would otherwise come from a written committee charter are provided by this policy.
In the ordinary course, absent special circumstances or a change in the criteria for Board membership, the incumbent directors who continue to be qualified for Board service and are willing to continue as directors are re-nominated. If the Board thinks it is in the best interest of the Company to nominate a new individual for director in connection with an annual meeting of shareholders, or if a vacancy occurs between annual shareholder meetings, the Board will seek potential candidates for Board appointments who meet the criteria for selection as a nominee and have the specific qualities or skills being sought. Director candidates will be selected based on input from members of the Board, senior management of the Company and, if deemed appropriate, a third-party search firm.
Candidates for Board membership must possess the background, skills and expertise to make significant contributions to the Board, to the Company and its shareholders. Desired qualities to be considered include substantial experience in business or administrative activities; breadth of knowledge about issues affecting the Company; and ability and willingness to contribute special competencies to Board activities.
The Board of Directors intends to review the director nomination policy from time to time to consider whether modifications to the policy may be advisable as the Company’s needs and circumstances evolve, and as applicable legal or listing standards change. The Board may amend the director nomination policy at any time.
The Board will consider director candidates recommended by shareholders and will evaluate such director candidates in the same manner in which it evaluates candidates recommended by other sources, as described above. Recommendations must be in writing and mailed to Cemtrex, Inc., 135 Fell Ct. Hauppauge, NY 11788, Attention: Corporate Secretary, and include all information regarding the candidate as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules promulgated by the SEC if the candidate were nominated by the Board of Directors (including such candidate’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected). The shareholder giving notice must provide (i) his or her name and address, as they appear on the Company’s books, and (ii) the number of shares of the Company which are beneficially owned by such shareholder. The Company may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information it may require to be set forth in a shareholder’s notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.
Director Compensation
The members of the Board receive quarterly compensation of $5,000 and stock options. Additionally, we reimburse our directors for expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings.
Insider Trading Policy
We recognize that the Company’s executive officers and directors may sell shares from time to time in the open market to realize value to meet financial needs and diversify their holdings, particularly in connection with exercises of stock options. All such transactions are required to comply with the Company’s insider trading policy.
Section 16 (a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance of the Securities Exchange Act
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires directors, executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of our common stock (collectively, “Reporting Persons”) to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock with the SEC. Reporting Persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. To our knowledge, based solely on our review of the copies of such reports received or written representations from certain Reporting Persons that no other reports were required, we believe that during the year ended September 30, 2023, all Reporting Persons timely complied with all applicable filing requirements, except for one Form 4 report by Mr. Govil that was filed late.
Communications with Directors
Shareholders, associates of the Company and other interested parties may communicate directly with the Board of Directors, with the non-management Directors or with a specific Board member, by writing to the Board (or the non-management Directors or a specific Board member) and delivering the communication in person or mailing it to: Board of Directors, Privileged and Confidential, c/o Saagar Govil, CEO, Cemtrex, Inc., 135 Fell Ct. Hauppauge, NY 11788. Correspondence will be discussed at the next scheduled meeting of the Board of Directors, or as indicated by the urgency of the matter. From time to time, the Board of Directors may change the process by which shareholders may communicate with the Board of Directors or its members. Any changes in this process will be posted on the Company’s website or otherwise publicly disclosed.
Corporate Governance
The Company has an ongoing commitment to good governance and business practices. In furtherance of this commitment, we regularly monitor, and are briefed by outside counsel on, developments in the area of corporate governance and securities law and review our policies and procedures in light of such developments. We comply with the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and implement other corporate governance practices we believe are in the best interests of the Company and the shareholders.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics as of June 28, 2016, that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, as well as our employees. Our standards are in writing and are posted on our website. The following is a summation of the key points of the Code of Ethics we adopted:
Honest and ethical conduct, including ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;
Full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure reports and documents that a small business issuer files with, or submits to, the Commission and in other public communications made by our Company;
Full compliance with applicable government laws, rules and regulations;
The prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the code; and
Accountability for adherence to the code.
Board Leadership and Structure
Saagar Govil, our Chief Executive Officer, also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Board believes that the Company and its shareholders are best served by having the Chief Executive Officer also serve as Chairman of the Board. The Board also believes that this structure is appropriate in light of the size of our Company and corresponding size of our Board and the complexity of our business. We believe that Mr. Govil is best positioned to develop agendas that ensure that our Board’s time and attention are focused on the matters that are most critical to us.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The compensation discussion addresses all compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to the Company’s named executive officers (“NEO”), which currently consists of Saagar Govil, the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Secretary, and Paul J. Wyckoff, Interim CFO. As of the date of this Annual Report, Saagar Govil and Paul J. Wyckoff are currently earning compensation from the Company. Paul J. Wyckoff was named Interim CFO on January 28, 2022. Set forth below is the aggregate compensation for services rendered in all capacities to us during our fiscal years ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 by our executive officers.
OPTION
PRINCIPAL AND POSITION YEAR SALARY BONUS AWARDS OTHER TOTAL
($) ($) ($) ($) ($)
Saagar Govil 600,000 - - 45,803 645,803
Chairman od the Board 600,000 - - 37,534 637,534
Chief Executive Officer, and President
Paul J. Wyckoff 150,000 - - 12,291 162,291
Interim Chief Financial Officer 97,615 - - 4,557 102,172
Christopher C. Moore 86,250 - - 4,848 91,098
Former Chief Financial Officer
(1) The Option Awards Column in the table above reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of the award granted in the year noted. Please see Options/SAR Grants in the Last Fiscal Year below for more information relating to this option grant.
(2) Other compensation are amounts paid by the company for medical, dental, vision, and life insurance benefits.
NARRATIVE TO SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
At this time, we do not have an employment agreement with Saagar Govil or Paul J. Wyckoff, though the Company may enter into such an agreement with them on terms and conditions usual and customary for the industry. All amounts paid to our officers in fiscal year end 2023 were approved by the Company’s board of directors. The Company does not currently have “key man” life insurance on Mr. Govil or Mr. Wyckoff.
PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE
Year Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO Compensation Actually Paid to PEO Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based On Total Shareholder Return Net Loss
(a) (b) (1) (c) (2) (d) (e) (4) (f) (5) (g) (6)
$ 645,803 $ 641,648 $ 162,291 $ 162,291 $ 65.03 $ (9,233,438 )
$ 637,534 $ 554,406 $ 96,635 $ 96,635 $ 18.10 $ (13,292,242 )
1. The dollar amounts reported in column (b) are the amounts reported for Saagar Govil, Chairman of the Board, CEO, President and Secretary, for each of the corresponding years in the “Total” column of the in our Summary Compensation Table. Refer to the Summary Compensation Table above.
2. The dollar amounts reported in column (c) represent the amount of “compensation actually paid” to Mr. Govil, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K and do not reflect the total compensation actually realized or received by Mr. Govil. In accordance with these rules, these amounts reflect “Total Compensation” as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table for each year, adjusted as shown below. Equity values are calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, and the valuation assumptions used to calculate fair values did not materially differ from those disclosed at the time of grant.
3. The dollar amounts reported in column (d) represent the average of the amounts reported for our NEOs as a group (excluding Mr. Govil) in the “Total” column of the Summary Compensation Table in each applicable year. The names of each of the NEOs included for these purposes in each applicable year are as follows: Paul J. Wyckoff, Interim Chief Financial Officer; Christopher Moore, Chief Financial Officer.
4. The dollar amounts reported in column (e) represent the average amount of “compensation actually paid” to the NEOs as a group (excluding Mr. Govil), as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. In accordance with these rules, these amounts reflect “Total Compensation” as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table for each year, adjusted as shown below.
5. Total Shareholder Return (TSR) is calculated by dividing (a) the difference between our share price at the end of each fiscal year shown and the beginning of the measurement period, and the beginning of the measurement period by (b) our share price at the beginning of the measurement period. The beginning of the measurement period for each year in the table is September 30, 2021.
6. The dollar amounts reported represent the amount of net income reflected in our audited financial statements for the applicable year.
Adjustments to Determine Compensation “Actually Paid” for [PEO][Non-PEO NEOs]
Deduction for Change in the Actuarial Present values reported under the “Change in Pension Value and Nonaualified Deferred Comoensation Earnimrn”‘ Column of the SCT $ - $ -
Increase for “Service Cost” for Pension Plans $ - $ -
Increase for “Prior Service Cost” for Pension Plans $ - $ -
Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Stock Awards,, Column in the SCT $ - $ -
Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Option Awards,, Column in the SCT $ - $ -
Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that Remain Unvested as of Year end $ - $ -
Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that vest during vear $ - $ -
Increase/deduction for Change in Fair value from prior Year-end to current Year-end of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Outstanding and Unvested as of Year-end $ (1,948.00 ) $ (53,747.00 )
Increase/deduction for Change in Fair Value from Prior Year-end to Vesting Date of Awards Granted Prior to year that Vested during year $ (2,207.00 ) $ (29,381.00 )
Deduction of Fair value of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Forfeited during year $ - $ -
Increase based upon Incremental Fair Value of Awards Modified during year $ - $ -
Increase based on Dividends or Other Earnings Paid durilling year prior to Vesting Date of Award $ - $ -
Total Adjustments $ (4,155.00 ) $ (83,128.00 )
OPTIONS/SAR GRANTS IN THE LAST FISCAL YEAR
None.
AGGREGATED OPTION/SAR EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR AND FISCAL YEAR END OPTION/SAR VALUES
None.
OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END
The following table presents information regarding our NEOs’ unexercised options to purchase Common Stock as of September 30, 2023:
Option Awards
Name Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable Option Exercise Price Option Expiration Date
Saagar Govil 11,429 $ 56.00 2/25/2026
Saagar Govil 2,858 $ 67.20 2/25/2026
Saagar Govil 2,858 $ 80.64 2/25/2026
Saagar Govil 2,858 $ 96.77 2/25/2026

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth certain information known to us with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of December 26, 2023, by:
all persons who are beneficial owners of five percent (5%) or more of our common stock;
each of our directors;
each of our executive officers; and
all current directors and executive officers as a group.
Except as otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock held by them.
As of December 26, 2023, 1,055,636 shares of Common Stock were issued and outstanding. In addition, there were 50,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding which are entitled to vote 10,566,916 shares in the aggregate, all of which is held by Saagar Govil and 2,343,953 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock outstanding which are entitled to vote 4,687,906 shares in the aggregate. Accordingly, there are a total of 16,310,458 shares outstanding.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 26, 2023, are deemed outstanding. Such shares, however, are not deemed as of December 26, 2023, outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
Percentage of
Name and Address
Issued Common Percentage of
of Beneficial Owner Title Amount Owned
Stock (1) voting stock (2)
Saagar Govil Chairman of the Board, 59,012
6 % *
Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208 Chief Executive Officer,
Brooklyn, NY 11222 and President
Saagar Govil Chairman of the Board, 132,298
- 1.6 %
Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208 Chief Executive Officer,
Brooklyn, NY 11222 and President
Saagar Govil Chairman of the Board, 50,000 (3)
- 89.7 %
Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208 Chief Executive Officer,
Brooklyn, NY 11222 and President
Paul J. Wyckoff Interim Chief Financial -
- *
Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208 Officer
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Brian Kwon Director -
- *
Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Manpreet Singh Director -
- *
Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Brooklyn, NY 11222
Metodi Filipov Director -
- *
Greenpoint Avenue, Suite 208
Brooklyn, NY 11222
All directors and executive officers as a group (3 persons) 241,310 (4)
6 % 66.5 %
* Less than one percent of outstanding shares.
(1) Except as otherwise noted herein, the percentage is determined on the basis of 1,055,636 shares of our Common Stock outstanding plus securities deemed outstanding pursuant to Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Under Rule 13d-3, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of any security owned by certain family members and any security of which that person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days, including, without limitation, shares of our common stock subject to currently exercisable options.
(2) This percentage is based on the 1,055,636 shares of our Common Stock outstanding, the 10,566,916 votes that the Series C Preferred Stock is entitled to vote, and the 4,687,906 votes that the Series 1 Preferred Stock is entitled to vote based on 2 votes per share.
(3) Pursuant to the Certificate of Designation of the Series C Preferred Stock, each issued and outstanding share of Series C Preferred Stock are entitled to the number of votes per share equal to the result of (i) the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at the time of such vote multiplied by 10.01, and divided by (ii) the total number of shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding at the time of such vote, at each meeting of our shareholders with respect to any and all matters presented to our shareholders for their action or consideration, including the election of directors.
(4) Consists of actual amount of Common Stock, Series C, and Series 1 Preferred Stock owned. As described above each share of Series C is entitled to 211.33832 votes. Series 1 Preferred Stock is entitled to 2 votes per share.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Aside from the following, there have been no transactions since October 1, 2021 to which we have been a party, including transactions in which the amount involved in the transaction exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any of our directors, executive officers or, to our knowledge, beneficial owners of more than 5% of our capital stock or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than equity and other compensation, termination, change in control and other arrangements, which are described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As of September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, there was $3,806 and $19,133, respectively, payable due to Ducon Technologies, Inc., which is controlled by Aron Govil, the Company’s Founder and Former Director and CFO. As of September 30, 2023, there were $638,410 of receivables due from Ducon Technologies, Inc. The Company has negotiated a payment agreement regarding past receivables and other liabilities due to Cemtrex, Inc. totaling $761,585. This agreement is in the form of a secured promissory note earning interest at a rate of 5% per annum and matures on July 31, 2024. Receivables due of $708,512, which represents the amount due from Ducon to Cemtrex Technologies Pvt. Ltd. the Company’s subsidiary based in India had been written off to bad debt during fiscal year 2022 and appears on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) under general and administrative expenses.
On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement and Release with Aron Govil regarding a dispute over an alleged misappropriation of funds.
As part of the Settlement Agreement, Mr. Govil was required to pay the Company consideration with a total value of $7,100,000 (the “Settlement Amount”) by entering into the Agreement. The Settlement Amount was satisfied in a combination of Mr. Govil forfeiting certain Preferred Stock and outstanding options and executing a secured note in the amount of $1,533,280. The Independent Board of Directors in coordination with Management concluded the settlement represented fair value.
As discussed above, Mr. Govil also executed a secured promissory note (the “Note”) in the amount of $1,533,280. The Note matures and is due in full in two years and bears interest at 9% per annum and is secured by all of Mr. Govil’s assets. Mr. Govil also agreed to sign an affidavit confessing judgment in the event of a default on the Note. While the Company believes the note is fully collectible, in accordance with ASC 450-30, Gain Contingencies, the Company determined the gain will not be recognized until the note is paid. Accordingly, the note and associated gain is not presented on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income/(Loss).
On November 22, 2022, the Company entered into two Asset Purchase Agreements and one Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) with the Company’s CEO, Saagar Govil, to secure the sale of the subsidiaries Cemtrex Advanced Technologies, Inc, which include the brand SmartDesk, and Cemtrex XR, Inc., which include the brands Cemtrex XR, Virtual Driver Interactive, Bravo Strong, and good tech (formerly Cemtrex Labs), to Mr. Govil
Due to the on-going losses and risk associated with the SmartDesk business the Company has valued the royalty and SAFE agreement associated with the SmartDesk sale at $0 and considers such consideration to be a gain contingency.
Based on sales projections for Cemtrex XR, Inc., the Company does not believe that it will exceed the sales levels required to exceed the $820,000 royalties due and has not accounted for any additional royalties at this time. In accordance with ASC 310 - Receivables, the Company has discounted the royalties due and during the year ended September 30, 2023, has recognized $704,893 of royalties due and will amortize the remaining amount over the period the royalties are due.
As of September 30, 2023, there was $528,717 in trade receivables due from these companies and $64,703 in accounts payables. Of these receivables $132,102 are related to costs paid by Cemtrex related to payroll during the transition of employees to the new company and some subscription services that are set up on auto pay with a credit card. The remaining $396,615 is related to services provided by Cemtrex Technologies Pvt. Ltd. in the normal course of business. During Fiscal year 2023, the Company recognized $1,522,102 of revenue from these companies. During fiscal year 2023, $38,027 of trade receivables were reserved for by the Company’s subsidiary Cemtrex Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Due to regulations by the Indian tax authority. The Company will keep this allowance in place but considers the debt to be collectable. These balances are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Trade receivables - related party” and “Accounts payable - related party”.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed to the Company for the years ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 by Grassi & Co. Certified Public Accountants the Company’s independent auditor:
Audit Fees $ 342,283 $ 276,848
Audit-Related Fees 84,255 10,429
Tax Fees 61,715 -
Totals $ 488,252 $ 287,277
Audit fees principally include fees for the audit of our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K and the review of financial statements included in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
Audit-related fees consist of fees for other attestation and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements. For fiscal year 2023, these fees primarily related to the audit of the historical financials of Heisey Mechanical, Ltd.. For fiscal year 2022, these fees primarily related to providing consent to various company filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Tax fees consist of tax compliance services.
PART IV
ITEM EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(a) Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page at beginning of attached financial statements.
(b) Exhibits
Exhibit No.
Description
2.2
Stock Purchase Agreement regarding the stock of Advanced Industrial Services, Inc., AIS Leasing Company, AIS Graphic Services, Inc., and AIS Energy Services, LLC, Dated December 15, 2015. (8)
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.(1)
3.2
By Laws of the Company.(1)
3.3
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated September 29, 2006.(1)
3.4
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated March 30, 2007.(1)
3.5
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated May 16, 2007.(1)
3.6
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated August 21, 2007.(1)
3.7
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated April 3, 2015.(3)
3.8
Certificate of Designation of the Series A Preferred Shares, dated September 8, 2009.(2)
3.9
Certificate of Designation of the Series 1 Preferred Stock.(11)
3.10
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated September 7, 2017 (12)
3.11
Certificate of Correction to the Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Cemtrex, Inc (6)
3.12
Amended Certificate of Designation of the Series 1 Preferred Shares, dated March 30, 2020.(16)
3.13
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated July 29, 2020 (20)
3.14
Certificate of Correction of Certificate of Incorporation, dated July 29, 2021, filed October 7, 2020 (9)
3.15
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated January 12, 2023 (7)
4.1
Form of Subscription Rights Certificate. (10)
4.2
Form of Series 1 Preferred Stock Certificate. (10)
4.3
Form of Series 1 Warrant. (10)
4.4
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated March 22, 2019. (14)
4.5*
Description of Registrant’s Securities
10.1
Amendment of the Term Loan Agreement between Vicon and NIL Funding, dated March 3, 2023. (5)
10.2
Amendment to Loan Documents Between Advanced Industrial Services, Inc. and Fulton Bank, N.A. dated February 24, 2023 (5)
10.3
Amendment to Promissory Note Between Cemtrex, Inc. and Streeterville Capital, LLC dated May 3, 2023 (5)
10.4
Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 1, 2020 (18)
10.5
Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 9, 2020 (19)
10.6
Settlement Agreement and Release between Cemtrex, Inc. and Aron Govil dated February 26, 2021 (13)
10.7
Securities Purchase Agreement dated February 22, 2022 (15)
10.8
Amendment of the Term Loan Agreement between Vicon and NIL Funding, dated March 30, 2022. (15)
10.9
Asset Purchase agreement between Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil, dated November 22, 2022 (22)
10.10
Asset Purchase agreement between Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil, dated November 22, 2022 (22)
10.11
Simple Agreement for Future Equity (SAFE) between Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil, dated November 18, 2022 (22)
10.12
Amendment of the Term Loan Agreement between Vicon and NIL Funding, dated March 3, 2023 (23)
10.13
Amendment to Loan Documents Between Advanced Industrial Services, Inc. and Fulton Bank, N.A. (23)
10.14
Amendment to Promissory Note Between Cemtrex, Inc. and Streeterville Capital, LLC (23)
10.15
Asset Purchase agreement between Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil, dated November 22, 2022 (22)
10.16
Asset Purchase agreement between Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil, dated November 22, 2022 (22)
10.17
Simple Agreement for Future Equity (SAFE) between Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil (22)
10.18
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2023, by and among Heisey Mechanical, Ltd., a Pennsylvania corporation (“Seller”), and Andreas Heisey, an individual residing in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (“the “Shareholder” and collectively with the Seller, the “Seller Parties”) and Advanced Industrial Services, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (“Buyer”). (24)
14.1
Corporate Code of Business Ethics.(4)
21.1*
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1*
Consent of Grassi & Co, CPAs, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer as required by Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Exchange Act, as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*
Certification of Interim Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer as required by Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Exchange Act, as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 0f of 2002.
32.2*
Certification of Interim Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 0f of 2002.
99.1
Order pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act - dated September 30, 2022. (21)
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
* Filed herewith
Incorporated by reference from Form 10-12G filed on May 22, 2008.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on September 10, 2009.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on August 22, 2016.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2016.
Incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q filed on May 11, 2023.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2019.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on January 20, 2023.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K/A filed on September 26, 2016.
Incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q filed on May 28, 2021.
Incorporated by reference from Form S-1 filed on August 29, 2016 and as amended on November 4, 2016, November 23, 2016, and December 7, 2016.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on January 24, 2017.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on September 8, 2017.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on February 26, 2021.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on March 22, 2019.
Incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q filed on May 16, 2022.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2020.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2020.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2020.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2020.
Incorporated by reference from Form 10-K filed on January 5, 2021.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on October 4, 2022.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2022.
Incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q filed on May 11, 2023.
Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2023.

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES