EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1545654
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1545654_10-K_2023_0001545654-23-000008.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. ("A&B" or the "Company") is a fully integrated real estate investment trust ("REIT") whose history in Hawai‘i dates back to 1870. Over time, the Company has evolved from a 571-acre sugar plantation on Maui to become one of Hawai‘i's premier commercial real estate companies and the owner of the largest grocery-anchored, neighborhood shopping center portfolio in the state. As of December 31, 2022, the Company's commercial real estate portfolio resides entirely in Hawai‘i and consists of 22 retail centers, 12 industrial assets and four office properties, representing a total of 3.9 million square feet of gross leasable area ("GLA"), as well as 140.7 acres of land under ground leases.
Throughout this annual report on Form 10-K, references to "we," "our," "us" and the "Company" refer to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Business Objectives and Strategies
A&B's business objective is to own and effectively operate a superior portfolio of commercial real estate properties in Hawaii in order to deliver long-term growth and to create value for the Company's shareholders, while also upholding its responsibility as a corporate citizen in the Hawaii community. The Company intends to achieve this objective through the following:
•Commercial Real Estate Portfolio Growth - Increasing recurring income streams by leveraging several sources, including:
◦Effective leasing and property management;
◦Repositioning and redevelopment of existing assets;
◦Ground-up development of new assets; and
◦Acquisitions of new assets using the Company's balance sheet, equity or tax-deferred exchange funds from non-core asset sales.
•Balance Sheet Management and Financing Strategy - Continuing to practice disciplined and prudent financial management and capital allocation to maintain balance sheet strength and financial flexibility.
•Complete Strategic Simplification - Completing the Company's strategic simplification initiative by (1) divesting its materials and construction business which includes the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Grace Pacific LLC ("Grace Pacific") and Company-owned quarry land on Maui ("Maui Quarries") (collectively, "Grace Disposal Group"), (2) reducing exposure to legacy obligations, and (3) streamlining the Company’s operations.
Commercial Real Estate
The Company's commercial real estate strategy focuses on Hawai‘i, where it benefits from its broad experience base, deep relationships and strong reputation in the islands. These attributes, and a geographic focus in Hawai‘i, uniquely position the Company to create value through the acquisition, development, redevelopment and management of commercial real estate in the state. The Company believes the Hawai‘i market offers high value opportunities for the Company to pursue attractive growth and position itself for long-term stability given its geographic location, high barriers to entry and lack of commercially-entitled lands, and comparatively low square footage per capita of strip-retail gross leasable area on Oahu, Hawai'i's most populous island. Based on these factors, the Company believes the Hawai‘i retail market compares favorably with other top-tier retail markets in the U.S. Similarly, given the severe shortage of industrial land supply in Hawai‘i, industrial market rents and per-square-foot values generally exceed those achieved in other U.S. markets, making Hawai‘i a high-performing industrial market. In addition, the Hawai‘i commercial real estate market has been historically supported by the state's tourism industry (fueled by Hawai‘i's unique brand and appeal), as well as consistently high levels of government spending due to Hawai‘i's strategic defense location between the continental U.S. and Asia. Therefore, the Company has strategically concentrated its assets in Hawai‘i, where management is best able to enhance portfolio performance and create value.
To further enhance asset quality and increase the recurring income stream from its commercial portfolio, the Company intends to:
•Increase income and optimize returns on its commercial portfolio by:
◦Being the landlord of choice by providing desirable locations, quality properties, landlord services and community amenities;
◦Leveraging internal property management and leasing to efficiently manage operations and maximize cash returns over the long term;
◦Executing effective marketing and leasing strategies that attract quality tenants in the marketplace and new tenants to Hawai‘i by leveraging its position as the largest owner of grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers in Hawai‘i;
◦Investing in the repositioning and redevelopment of existing assets at an appropriate risk-adjusted return on capital;
◦Developing new commercial properties at an appropriate risk-adjusted return on capital; and
◦Selectively acquiring commercial real estate assets in Hawai‘i markets to optimize the quality and long-term growth rate of the Company's asset base.
•Evaluate other commercial property investment opportunities, such as leased fee assets or other commercial real estate types, when the acquisitions are strategically consistent with the value creation objectives of the Company.
Balance Sheet Management and Financing Strategy
The Company strategy is to expand its commercial real estate portfolio by pursuing acquisitions and other growth opportunities in a disciplined manner, while maintaining a moderate leverage profile and flexible balance sheet. To maintain this desired balance sheet posture, the Company intends to:
•Maintain a disciplined capital allocation strategy with a focus on investments that have attractive risk-adjusted returns relative to the Company’s cost of capital;
•Target a 5x - 6x net debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio over the long-term;
•Ensure well-laddered debt maturities and minimize near-term maturing debt;
•Maintain a high proportion of fixed-rate debt and a longer weighted-average maturity; and
•Maintain a large unencumbered portfolio of assets.
The Company intends to finance acquisitions, property development and redevelopment, and other growth opportunities with sources of capital determined by management to be the most appropriate based on, among other factors, availability in current capital markets, pricing and other commercial and financial terms. Such sources of capital may include unsecured debt, mortgage and construction loans, the issuance of public equity, and other capital alternatives including the issuance of operating partnership units.
Simplification Strategy
As a REIT focused on Hawaii commercial real estate, the Company has pursued the monetization and disposition of legacy, non-core assets and landholdings in order to simplify its business and allocate its capital resources to commercial real estate. The Company’s remaining non-core assets and landholdings primarily includes its land that is not designated for development (e.g., agricultural lands, conservation/watershed lands), and Grace Pacific, the Company’s vertically integrated materials and construction subsidiary.
In December 2022, in connection with the evaluation of strategic alternatives to monetize and dispose of Grace Pacific and the Maui Quarries, the Company's Board of Directors authorized Management to complete a sale of the Grace Disposal Group. The outcome of the sale of the Grace Disposal Group is not certain, as any transaction would be dependent upon various external factors beyond the Company's control, including, among others, market conditions, industry trends, interest of third parties, and the availability of financing to potential buyer(s) on reasonable terms. Further, there can be no assurance that any potential transaction will result in the Company being able to recover the carrying value of the Grace Disposal Group.
Segment Reporting
The Company operates two segments: Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations. A description of the Company's reportable segments is as follows:
•Commercial Real Estate - This segment functions as a vertically integrated real estate investment company with core competencies in investments and acquisitions (i.e., identifying opportunities and acquiring properties); construction and development (i.e., designing and ground-up development of new properties or repositioning and redevelopment of existing properties); and in-house leasing and property management (i.e., executing new and renegotiating renewal lease arrangements, managing its properties' day-to-day operations and maintaining positive tenant relationships). The Company's preferred asset classes include improved properties in retail and industrial spaces and also urban ground leases. Its focus within improved retail properties, in particular, is on grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers that meet the daily needs of Hawai‘i communities. Through its core competencies and with its experience and relationships in Hawai‘i, the Company seeks to create special places that enhance the lives of Hawai‘i residents and to provide venues and opportunities that enable its tenants to thrive. Income from this segment is principally generated by owning, operating and leasing real estate assets.
•Land Operations - This segment includes the Company's legacy landholdings, assets, and liabilities that are subject to the Company's simplification and monetization effort. Financial results from this segment are principally derived from real estate development and land sales, joint ventures, and other legacy business activities.
Discontinued Operations
As of December 31, 2022, the Company concluded that the plan to dispose of the Grace Disposal Group met the criteria for classification as held for sale and discontinued operations. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities associated with the Grace Disposal Group have been classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets, its financial results have been classified as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, and the Company’s former Materials and Construction ("M&C") segment has been eliminated. In conjunction with the elimination of the M&C segment, the Company's remaining equity interest in an unconsolidated materials company was incorporated with the Land Operations reportable segment.
Compliance with Government Regulations
The Company is subject to a number of federal, state and local laws and regulations. The CRE segment must comply with state and local regulations surrounding the brokering of deals and the management of its commercial real estate portfolio. With respect to land development in both its CRE and Land Operations segments, the Company is subject to laws and regulations that affect the land development process, including zoning and permitted land uses which may impact the Company's development costs. Additionally, the Company is subject to various other regulations such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations; Environmental Protection Agency regulations; and state and county permitting requirements related to its other operations.
The Company is also subject to a number of tax laws and regulations that could materially impact its financial condition and results of operations. For example, the Company frequently utilizes §1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), to obtain tax-deferral treatment when qualifying real estate assets are sold and the resulting proceeds
are reinvested in replacement properties within the required time period. This may occur when the Company sells bulk parcels of land in Hawai‘i or commercial properties in Hawai‘i, many of which may have a lower tax basis. Failure to comply with, or a repeal of, or adverse amendment to, §1031 of the Code could impose significant additional costs on the Company in the event of a future transaction with an associated gain.
Human Capital Resources
Through its continuing operations, the Company and its subsidiaries had 144 regular full-time employees as of December 31, 2022, compared to 168 regular full-time employees in the prior year.
Fifteen bargaining unit employees at the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary Kahului Trucking & Storage, Inc. ("KT&S") are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the International Longshore and Warehouse Union ("ILWU") that expires on March 31, 2025. There are two collective bargaining agreements with ten A&B Fleet Services employees on the Big Island and Kauai, represented by the ILWU. The Big Island agreement expires on August 31, 2024, and the Kauai agreement expires on August 31, 2023.
The Company is dedicated to supporting its employees, who are all critical in achieving its mission to serve the community and create value for all stakeholders as "Partners for Hawai‘i." The Company seeks to attract, develop and retain experienced employees by supporting them in the pursuit of their personal and professional goals. To support these efforts, the Company offers a competitive compensation and benefits program; provides learning and development opportunities that support the advancement of its employees; enhances the Company's culture by keeping employees engaged while fostering a diverse and inclusive environment; and helps employees give back to their communities.
Compensation and benefits program
The Company's compensation and benefits program is designed to attract, reward and retain talented individuals who possess the skills necessary to support its business objectives, assist in the achievement of strategic goals and create long-term value for its shareholders. The Company provides its employees with competitive total rewards packages that include, in addition to base compensation, meaningful benefits such as health (medical, dental and vision) and life insurance; paid time off; flexible spending reimbursements accounts; a corporate wellness program; gain sharing opportunities; and a 401(k) plan with a generous Company contribution, as well as a Company match. Certain employees are eligible to receive annual incentive bonuses and long-term equity awards tied to the value of the Company's common stock price. The Company believes that a compensation program with both short-term and long-term awards provides fair and competitive compensation and aligns employee and shareholder interests by incentivizing business and individual performance (i.e., pay for performance), motivating based on long-term company performance and integrating compensation with its business plans.
Learning and development
The Company provides meaningful learning and development opportunities for its employees; it has a wide variety of formal and informal training programs available and provides professional development stipends to be used towards qualified workshops, conferences, forums and classes. The Company also offers a tuition reimbursement program that is available to employees wishing to obtain a qualified higher education degree.
Company culture - engagement, diversity, equity and inclusion
The Company strives to keep its employees engaged by communicating regularly through various channels, including town halls, an employee intranet, employee newsletters and email updates. It also conducts a confidential, annual employee survey to better understand employee perspectives on topics including employee experience, workplace culture, employee engagement and the direction and leadership of the Company. Results of the survey are reviewed carefully by senior leadership and have resulted in specific actions, including increased recognition programs and the development of the Company’s vision, mission and values statements.
The Company also believes that an equitable and inclusive environment with diverse teams fosters more creativity and produces more opportunities to create value through its assets, people and relationships and is crucial to its efforts to attract and retain key talent. The Company is focused on building an inclusive culture through a variety of diversity and inclusion initiatives. The Company has a social council that is focused on workplace culture and community impact, along with employee resource groups that promote diversity and empowerment and also help to build an inclusive culture through company events, participation in its recruitment efforts and input into its hiring strategies.
Community involvement
The Company has a long history of giving back to the community and believes that this commitment helps in its efforts to attract and retain employees. Further, the Company supports its employees' investments in their communities through its matching gifts program (which matches its employees' personal gifts with Company contributions to eligible community non-profit organizations up to a total of $2,000); through its volunteer initiatives (which offers employees paid time off for employee community service, as well as cash grants to such eligible organizations); and through corporate sponsorship of charities supported by its employees.
For more information on human resources initiatives, please see the Company's Corporate Responsibility report which is available at the Company's website address.
ESG Highlights
In 2022, the Company expanded its long-standing commitment to Hawai‘i and the principles of ESG with two employee councils focused on environmental and social stewardship. These strategic and cross-functional teams engage a broader and more diverse group of employee perspectives in defining and pursuing the Company’s commitment to each other and the community.
Sustainability Reporting
•The Company published its third annual Corporate Responsibility Report, with enhanced disclosures on climate-related risks.
•The Company reported in line with the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board ("SASB") standards and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”), disclosing information sought by stakeholders.
Sustainability Initiatives
•The Company continues to focus on improving energy efficiency at all of its properties and achieved a 2.2% year-over-year reduction (at Same-Store properties) in energy usage from 2020 to 2021.
•The Company has partnered with Carbon Lighthouse to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions within the CRE portfolio. Under this partnership, approximately 22% of the Company's portfolio (based on GLA) has undergone performance updates to lighting, heating and cooling systems.
•The Company is implementing measures such as installing energy efficient LED lighting, rooftop photovoltaic (“PV”) systems and electric vehicle (“EV”) charging stations, as well as incorporating the use of cool roofs, water efficient fixtures, pedestrian friendly open spaces, and native Hawaiian and environmentally friendly plants and landscaping, among other initiatives. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has
◦ Converted the common area lighting to LED at 17 properties.
◦ Completed the installation of a 1.3-megawatt PV project at Pearl Highlands Center, the Company's largest retail asset by GLA.
◦ Installed 18 EV charging stations at 10 properties and entered into agreements to add an additional 15 EV charging stations across a collective 12 properties within the next twelve months.
Additional information regarding the Company’s ESG initiatives is available in the Company’s ESG Report, which can be found on the Company’s website. Information on the Company’s website, including its ESG Report, is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document filed with the SEC.
Available Information
The Company files reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The reports and other information filed include annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other reports and information filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).
The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding the Company and other issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
The Company makes available, free of charge, on or through its Internet website, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. The Company’s website address is www.alexanderbaldwin.com. The information found on the Company's website, including the Company's Corporate Responsibility report, is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document filed with the SEC.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risks described below could materially and adversely affect our shareholders and our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may affect our business. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Form 10-K and the Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Risk Factors Summary
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties and an investment in our common stock may involve various risks. Such risks, including, but not limited to, the following summarized risks, should be carefully considered before making an investment in our common stock:
Summary of risks related to REIT status
•Because qualification as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, there can be no assurance that we will remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
•U.S. federal, state and local legislative, judicial or regulatory tax changes could have an adverse effect on our shareholders and us.
•Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to sell assets or forgo otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
•We may be required to borrow funds, sell assets or raise equity to satisfy our REIT distribution requirements, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and grow.
•Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
•The REIT ownership limitations and transfer restrictions contained in our articles of incorporation may restrict or prevent certain transfers of our common stock, could have unintended antitakeover effects and may not be successful in preserving our qualification for taxation as a REIT.
•Our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.
•Certain of our business activities may be subject to corporate-level income tax and other taxes, which would reduce our cash flows, and would cause potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities.
•The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
•The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification, without shareholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to our shareholders.
Summary of risks related to our business
•Changes in economic conditions, particularly in Hawai‘i, may adversely affect our Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations segments.
•We may face new or increased competition.
•Although we intend to market and sell non-strategic assets, many of the assets are relatively illiquid, and it may not be possible to dispose of such assets in a timely manner or on favorable terms, which could delay our strategic agenda and/or adversely affect our financial condition, operating results, cash flows and may result in additional non-cash impairment charges.
•We may be unsuccessful in completing a sale of our assets classified as held for sale or, if we are successful, the assets may be sold for less than our carrying value, which may result in additional non-cash impairment charges.
•We may face potential difficulties in obtaining operating and development capital.
•We may raise additional capital in the future on terms that are more stringent to us, which could provide holders of new issuances rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those currently held by our common shareholders, or that could result in dilution of common stock ownership.
•Failure to comply with certain restrictive financial covenants contained in our credit facilities could impose restrictions on our business segments, capital availability or the ability to pursue other activities.
•Increasing interest rates would increase our overall interest expense.
•We may be adversely affected by changes in LIBOR reporting practices or the method in which LIBOR is determined.
•Significant inflation and continuing increases in the inflation rate, could adversely affect our business and financial results.
•An increase in fuel prices may adversely affect our operating environment and costs.
•Changes to federal, state or local law or regulations, including environmental laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business.
•Security breaches through cyber attacks or intrusions, or other significant disruptions of the Company's information technology ("IT") networks, communications, and related systems could impair our ability to operate, adversely affect our financial condition, and damage our reputation.
•The Company's business and operations could suffer in the event of system failures or interruptions.
•Weather, natural disasters and the impacts of climate change may adversely affect our business.
•Political crises, public health crises and other events beyond our control may adversely impact our operations and profitability.
•We are subject to, and may in the future be subject to, disputes, legal or other proceedings, or government inquiries or investigations, that could have an adverse effect on us.
•Impairment in the carrying value of long-lived assets could negatively affect our operating results.
Summary of risks related to our Commercial Real Estate segment
•We are subject to a number of factors that could cause leasing rental income to decline.
•The bankruptcy or loss of key tenants in our commercial real estate portfolio may adversely affect our cash flows and profitability.
•A shift in retail shopping from brick and mortar stores to online shopping may have an adverse impact on our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations.
•We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space, or re-lease space as leases expire, thereby increasing or prolonging vacancies, which would adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
•Increases in operating expenses would adversely affect our operating results.
•Our retail centers may depend on anchor stores or major tenants to attract shoppers and could be adversely affected by the loss of, or a store closure by, one or more of these tenants.
•Certain of our leases at our retail centers contain “co-tenancy” or “go-dark” provisions, which, if triggered, may allow tenants to pay reduced rent, cease operations, or terminate their leases, which could adversely affect our performance or the value of the applicable retail property.
•The value of our development-for-hold projects and commercial properties is affected by a number of factors.
•We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of properties that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth.
•We face competition for the acquisition and development of real estate properties, which may impede our ability to grow our operations or may increase the cost of these activities.
•We are subject to risks associated with real estate construction and development.
•Commercial real estate investments are relatively illiquid.
Risks Related to REIT Status
Because qualification as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, there can be no assurance that we will remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We have determined that we operated in compliance with the REIT requirements commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2017. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, for which there may be only limited judicial or administrative interpretations, and depends on our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various requirements concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature of our assets, the diversity of our share ownership and the amounts we distribute to our shareholders. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control can potentially affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT. In addition, no assurance can be given that future legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not significantly change the requirements for qualification as a REIT or adversely affect the federal income tax consequences of such qualification. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT depends, in part, on the actions of third parties, over which we have no control or only limited influence. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification.
Although we intend to operate in a manner consistent with the REIT requirements, we cannot be certain that we will remain so qualified. Under current law, if we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to shareholders in computing our net taxable income. In addition, our taxable income would be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax at the regular corporate rates. Also, unless we are entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we would also be disqualified from re-electing REIT status for the four taxable years following the year during which we failed to qualify as a REIT. Cash available for distribution to our shareholders would be significantly reduced for each year in which we do not qualify as a REIT. In that event, we would not be required to continue to make distributions.
Although we currently intend to continue to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause us, without the consent of our shareholders, to revoke the REIT election or to otherwise take action that would result in disqualification.
U.S. federal, state and local legislative, judicial or regulatory tax changes could have an adverse effect on our shareholders and us.
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of REITs and their shareholders may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time, which could affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in us. The U.S. federal income tax rules dealing with REITs are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and the U.S. Treasury Department, which results in statutory changes as well as frequent revisions to regulations and interpretations. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our investors or us. Revisions in U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations thereof could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT and the tax considerations relevant to an investment in us, or could cause us to change our investments and commitments.
At the state level, the Hawai‘i State legislature has repeatedly considered, and could consider in the future, legislation that would (i) eliminate (i.e., repeal) the REIT dividends paid deduction for Hawai‘i State income tax purposes related to
income generated in Hawai‘i for a number of years or permanently, and/or (ii) mandate withholding of Hawai‘i State income tax on dividends paid to out-of-state shareholders. These provisions could result in double taxation of REIT income in Hawai‘i under the Hawai‘i tax code, reduce returns to shareholders and make our stock less attractive to investors, which could in turn lower the value of our stock.
You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our stock.
Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to sell assets or forgo otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must continually satisfy various requirements concerning, among other things, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income and the amounts we distribute to our shareholders. For example, we must ensure that, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our total assets consists of some combination of “real estate assets” (as defined in the Code), cash, cash items and U.S. government securities. The remainder of our investments (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRS. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to sell assets or forgo otherwise attractive investment opportunities. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income, amounts available for distribution to our shareholders and amounts available for making payments on our indebtedness.
We may be required to borrow funds, sell assets or raise equity to satisfy our REIT distribution requirements, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and grow.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, to maintain our qualification as a REIT. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, including any net capital gains, we will be subject to tax at ordinary corporate tax rates on the retained portion. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code and avoid corporate income tax and the 4% annual excise tax.
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices or distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity or adversely impact our ability to raise short- and long- term debt. Furthermore, the REIT distribution requirements may increase the financing we need to fund capital expenditures and further growth and expansion initiatives. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Whether we issue equity, at what price and the amount and other terms of any such issuances will depend on many factors, including alternative sources of capital, our then-existing leverage, our need for additional capital, market conditions and other factors beyond our control. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities or debt convertible into equity securities, the percentage of stock owned by our existing shareholders may be reduced. In addition, new equity securities or convertible debt securities could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our current shareholders, which could substantially decrease the value of our securities owned by them. Depending on the share price we are able to obtain, we may have to sell a significant number of shares to raise the capital we deem necessary to execute our long-term strategy, and our shareholders may experience dilution in the value of their shares as a result.
Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is currently 20%, exclusive of the 3.8% investment tax surcharge. Dividends
payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates applicable to qualified dividends. Although these rules do not adversely affect the taxation of REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock. However, for taxable years that begin before January 1, 2026, shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates are generally entitled to a deduction equal to 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary income dividends received from a REIT, subject to certain limitations.
The REIT ownership limitations and transfer restrictions contained in our articles of incorporation may restrict or prevent certain transfers of our common stock, could have unintended antitakeover effects and may not be successful in preserving our qualification for taxation as a REIT.
For us to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, among other requirements, not more than 50% of the value of outstanding shares of our capital stock may be owned, beneficially or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year beginning with our 2018 taxable year. Also, such shares must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year beginning with our 2018 taxable year. In addition, a person actually or constructively owning 10% or more of the vote or value of the shares of our capital stock could lead to a level of affiliation between the Company and one or more of its tenants that could cause our revenues from such affiliated tenants to not qualify as rents from real property. Our articles of incorporation include certain restrictions regarding transfers of our shares of capital stock and ownership limits that are intended to assist us in satisfying these limitations, among other purposes.
Subject to certain exceptions, our articles of incorporation prohibit any shareholder from owning, beneficially or constructively, more than (i) 9.8% in value of the outstanding shares of all classes or series of our capital stock or (ii) 9.8% in value or number, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. Additionally, the constructive ownership rules for these limits are complex and groups of related individuals or entities may be deemed a single owner and consequently in violation of the share ownership limits. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our outstanding common stock (or the outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock) by an individual or entity could cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively in excess of the relevant ownership limits. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common stock, or of any of our other capital stock in violation of these restrictions, may result in the shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust or may be void. As a result, if a violative transfer were made, the recipient of the shares would not acquire any economic or voting rights attributable to the transferred shares.
The transfer restrictions and ownership limits may prevent certain transfers of our common stock. These restrictions and limits may not be adequate in all cases, however, to prevent our qualification for taxation as a REIT from being jeopardized, including under the affiliated tenant rule. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to enforce the ownership limits. If the restrictions in our articles of incorporation are not effective and, as a result, we fail to satisfy the REIT tax rules described above, then absent an applicable relief provision, we will fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT.
The ownership limits contained in our articles of incorporation may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change of control of us that might involve a premium price for our stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders. As a result, the overall effect of the ownership limitations and transfer restrictions may be to render more difficult or discourage any attempt to acquire us, even if such acquisition may be favorable to the interests of our shareholders. This potential inability to obtain a premium could reduce the price of our common stock.
Our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.
A REIT generally is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its shareholders (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains). Generally, we expect to distribute all, or substantially all, of our REIT taxable income, including net capital gains, so as to not be subject to the income or excise tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, will determine on a quarterly basis the amount of cash to be distributed to our shareholders based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, our results of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant restrictions, that may impose limitations on cash payments and plans for future acquisitions and divestitures. Consequently, our distribution levels may fluctuate.
Certain of our business activities may be subject to corporate-level income tax and other taxes, which would reduce our cash flows, and would cause potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities.
Our TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject to U.S. federal income taxes at regular corporate rates. We also may be subject to a variety of other taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local, and foreign income, property, transfer and other taxes on assets and operations. In addition, we could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax, which could be significant in amount, in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain qualification for taxation as a REIT. We also could incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS, if they are not conducted on an arm’s length basis, or we also could be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated. Any of these taxes would decrease our earnings and our available cash.
In addition, the IRS and any state or local tax authority may successfully assert liabilities against us for corporate income taxes for taxable years prior to the time we qualified as a REIT, in which case we will owe these taxes plus applicable interest and penalties, if any. Moreover, any increase in taxable income for these pre-REIT periods will likely result in an increase in pre-REIT accumulated earnings and profits, which could cause us to pay an additional taxable distribution to our shareholders after the relevant determination.
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. The term “prohibited transaction” generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (including mortgage loans, but other than foreclosure property, as discussed below) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. We might be subject to this tax if we were to dispose of or securitize loans in a manner that was treated as a prohibited transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as, or as having been, held for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business. As a result, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of loans at the REIT level, and may limit the structures we utilize for our securitization transactions, even though the sales or structures might otherwise be beneficial to us. In addition, whether property is held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the particular facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that any property that we sell will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that we can comply with certain safe-harbor provisions of the Code that would prevent such treatment. The 100% prohibited transaction tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate rates. We intend to structure our activities to prevent prohibited transaction characterization.
The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification, without shareholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to our shareholders.
Our articles of incorporation provide that the board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our shareholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we will not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to shareholders in computing our taxable income, and we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our shareholders.
Risks Related to Our Business
Changes in economic conditions, particularly in Hawai‘i, may adversely affect our Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations segments.
Our business, including our assets and operations, is concentrated in Hawai‘i, which exposes us to more concentrated risks than if our assets and operations were more geographically diverse. A weakening of economic drivers in Hawai‘i, which include tourism, military and consumer spending, public and private construction starts and spending, personal income growth, and employment, or the weakening of consumer confidence, market demand, or economic conditions on the Mainland and elsewhere, may adversely affect the level of real estate leasing activity in Hawai‘i, the demand for or sale of Hawai‘i real estate. In addition, an increase in interest rates or other factors could reduce the market value of our real estate holdings, as well as increase the cost of buyer financing that may reduce the demand for our real estate assets.
We may face new or increased competition.
There are numerous other developers, buyers, managers and owners of commercial and residential real estate and undeveloped land that compete or may compete with us for management and leasing revenues, land for development, properties for acquisition and disposition, and for tenants and purchasers of properties. Intense competition could lead to increased supply of space, which could then increase vacancies, the need for increased tenant incentives, decreased rents, sales prices or sales volume, or lack of development opportunities. Additionally, our tenants may face increased competition and/or shifts in market preferences and demand that adversely impact their performance, ability to pay rent or even their business viability.
Although we intend to market and sell non-strategic assets, many of the assets are relatively illiquid, and it may not be possible to dispose of such assets in a timely manner or on favorable terms, which could delay our strategic agenda and/or adversely affect our financial condition, operating results, cash flows and may result in additional non-cash impairment charges.
Our ability to dispose of non-strategic assets on advantageous terms, including pricing, depends on factors beyond our control, including but not limited to, competition from other sellers, insufficient infrastructure capacity or availability (e.g., water, sewer and roads) for real estate assets, the availability of attractive financing for potential buyers and market conditions. As a result, we may be unable to realize our strategy to simplify through dispositions, we may be unable to do so on advantageous terms, or we may not be able to execute the strategy in a timely manner, which could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and/or cash flows and may result in additional non-cash impairment charges.
In addition, many of the non-strategic assets are relatively illiquid. Illiquid assets typically experience greater price volatility, as a ready market does not exist, and can be more difficult to value. In addition, validating third party pricing for illiquid assets may be more subjective than more liquid assets. As a result, we may record additional non-cash impairment charges and/or realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded such assets.
We may be unsuccessful in completing a sale of our assets classified as held for sale or, if we are successful, the assets may be sold for less than our carrying value, which may result in additional non-cash impairment charges.
We can provide no assurances that we will successfully sell Grace Pacific and the Maui Quarries, that we will do so in accordance with our expected timeline or that we will recover the carrying value of the disposal group. The process of pursuing the plan to sell may be time consuming and disruptive to our business operations, and if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our businesses, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected and may result in additional non-cash impairment charges. Any potential transactions, and the related valuations, would be dependent upon various external factors beyond the Company's control, including, among others, market conditions, industry trends, interest of third parties, and the availability of financing to potential buyer(s) on reasonable terms.
We may face potential difficulties in obtaining operating and development capital.
The successful execution of our strategy requires substantial amounts of operating and development capital. Sources of such capital could include banks, life insurance companies, public and private offerings of debt or equity, including rights offerings, sale of certain assets and joint venture partners. If our investment or credit profile deteriorates significantly, our access to the debt or equity capital markets may become restricted, our cost of capital may increase, or we may not be able to refinance debt at the same levels or on the same terms. Further, we rely on our ability to obtain and draw on a revolving credit facility to support our operations. Volatility in the credit and financial markets or deterioration in our credit profile may prevent us from accessing funds. There is no assurance that any capital will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, to satisfy our short or long-term cash needs.
We may raise additional capital in the future on terms that are more stringent to us, which could provide holders of new issuances rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those currently held by our common shareholders, or that could result in dilution of common stock ownership.
As noted above, the successful execution of our strategy requires substantial amounts of operating and development capital. If our capital needs are not able to be filled through our existing liquidity sources (e.g., our revolving credit facility), we may require additional capital. If we incur additional debt or raise equity, the terms of the debt or equity issued may give the holders rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, particularly in the event of liquidation. The terms of any new debt may also impose additional and more stringent restrictions on our operations than currently in place. If we issue additional common equity, either through public or private offerings or rights offerings, existing common shareholders' percentage ownership in us would decline if they do not participate on a ratable basis.
Failure to comply with certain restrictive financial covenants contained in our credit facilities could impose restrictions on our business segments, capital availability or the ability to pursue other activities.
Our credit facilities and term debt contain certain restrictive financial covenants. If we breach any of the covenants and such breach is not cured in a timely manner or waived by the lenders, and such event results in default, our access to credit may be limited or terminated and the lenders could declare any outstanding amounts immediately due and payable. We further may be limited in our ability to make distributions to our shareholders in event of default.
Increasing interest rates would increase our overall interest expense.
Interest expense on our floating-rate debt would increase if interest rates rise. Additionally, the interest expense associated with fixed-rate debt could rise in future periods when the debt matures and is refinanced. Furthermore, the value of our commercial real estate portfolio and the market price of our stock could decline if market interest rates increase and investors seek alternative investments with higher distribution rates.
We may be adversely affected by changes in LIBOR reporting practices or the method in which LIBOR is determined.
We have a number of financial instruments (refer to Note 8 - Notes Payable and Other Debt of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report) which bear interest at a floating rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin (certain of these financial instruments are subject to interest rate swaps through maturity at fixed rates). The United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intended to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The ICE Benchmark Administration (the administrator of LIBOR) ceased the publication of all GBP, EUR, CHF and JPY LIBOR settings, as well as the one-week and two-month USD LIBOR tenors after December 31, 2021. Publication of the remaining USD LIBOR tenors will cease after June 30, 2023. In the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Alternative Reference Rate Committee has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, as its preferred alternative rate for LIBOR. At this time, it is not possible to predict how markets will respond to SOFR or other alternative reference rates in connection with the LIBOR phase-out.
We may need to amend certain agreements related to financial instruments and agree upon a benchmark replacement index with the bank and, as a result, the interest rate on our financial instruments may change. The new rate may not be as favorable as those in effect prior to any LIBOR phase-out. Furthermore, the transition process may result in delays in funding, higher interest expense, additional expenses and increased volatility in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR. Although the full impact of such reforms and actions together with any transition away from LIBOR remains unclear, these changes may have a material adverse impact on the availability of financing, including LIBOR-based loans, and on our financing costs.
Significant inflation and continuing increases in the inflation rate, could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Recent substantial increases in the rate of inflation and potential future elevated rates of inflation, both real and anticipated, may impact our results of operations. In a highly inflationary environment, we may be unable to raise rental rates at or above the rate of inflation, which could reduce our profit margins. Increased inflation could also adversely affect us by increasing construction costs, including tenant improvements and capital projects, and operating costs. Many of the Company's leases require tenants to pay an allocable portion of operating expenses, including common area maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance, resulting in a mitigating impact on increased costs and operating expenses due to inflation. However, unreimbursed increased operating expenses may adversely affect the Company’s operating results and cash flows.
An increase in fuel prices may adversely affect our operating environment and costs.
Fuel prices have a direct impact on the health of the Hawai‘i economy. Increases in the price of fuel may result in higher transportation costs to Hawai‘i and adversely affect visitor counts and the cost of goods shipped to Hawai‘i, thereby affecting the strength of the Hawai‘i economy and its consumers. Increases in energy costs for our leased real estate portfolio are typically recovered from lessees, although our share of energy costs increases as a result of lower occupancies, and higher operating cost reimbursements impact the ability to increase underlying rents. Rising fuel prices also may increase the cost of construction, including delivery costs to Hawai‘i, and the cost of materials that are petroleum-based, thus affecting our real estate development projects and margins.
Changes to federal, state or local law or regulations, including environmental laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business.
We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations, including government rate, land use, environmental, climate-related and tax laws and regulations. Compliance or noncompliance with, or changes to, the laws and regulations governing our business could impose significant additional costs on us and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For example, our real estate-related segments are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, which, if changed or not complied with, may adversely affect our business.
We frequently utilize §1031 of the Code to defer taxes when selling qualifying real estate and reinvesting the proceeds in replacement properties. This often occurs when we sell bulk parcels of land in Hawai‘i or commercial properties in Hawai‘i, all of which typically have a very low tax basis. A repeal of, or adverse amendment to, §1031 of the Code could impose significant additional costs on us.
The Company’s operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations; Environmental Protection Agency regulations; and state and county permits related to our operations. Under some environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released at a property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may impair the Company’s ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (“PCBs”) and underground storage tanks are also regulated by federal and state laws. The Company is also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. The Company could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or tanks or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure to contamination at or from its properties. Identification of compliance concerns or undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, discovery of additional sites, human exposure to the contamination or changes in cleanup or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to the Company. Moreover, compliance with new laws or regulations such as those related to climate change, including compliance with “green” building codes, or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretations of existing laws may require material expenditures by the Company.
Security breaches through cyber attacks or intrusions, or other significant disruptions of the Company's information technology ("IT") networks, communications, and related systems could impair our ability to operate, adversely affect our financial condition, and damage our reputation.
We rely extensively on information technology and communication systems to process transactions and to operate and manage our business and face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside the Company or persons with access to systems inside the Company. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. The Company’s IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of its business and its ability to perform day-to-day operations. Furthermore, a significant subset of our employees partially operate in a remote work environment, which may exacerbate certain risks to our businesses, including an increased risk of cybersecurity attacks and increased risk of unauthorized dissemination of proprietary or confidential information.
Despite our implementation of security measures, there can be no assurance that our efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our systems will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our systems could result in improper uses of our systems and interruptions in our operations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service debt obligations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to pay dividends and other distributions to stockholders. We may also incur significant costs to remedy damages caused by security breaches.
These risks require continuous and likely increasing attention and other resources to identify and quantify these risks, upgrade, and expand the Company’s technologies, systems and processes to adequately address them and provide periodic training for the Company’s employees to assist them in detecting phishing, malware and other schemes. Such attention diverts time and other resources from other activities and there is no assurance that the Company’s efforts will be effective. Additionally, the Company relies on third-party service providers for certain aspects of the Company’s business. The Company can provide no assurance that the networks and systems that the Company’s third-party vendors have established or use will be effective. As the Company’s reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to the Company’s information systems, both internal and those provided by the Company and third-party service providers.
In the normal course of business, the Company and its service providers collect and retain certain personal information provided by employees, tenants and vendors, and relies extensively on IT systems to process transactions and manage its business. The Company can provide no assurance that the data security measures designed to protect confidential information on the Company’s systems established by the Company and the Company’s service providers will be able to prevent unauthorized access to this personal information or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging.
The Company's business and operations could suffer in the event of system failures or interruptions.
The Company’s internal IT systems are vulnerable to damage from any number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication failures, reliability issues, and integration and compatibility concerns. Further, we may experience failures caused by the intentional or inadvertent acts and errors by our employees or vendors. The Company has implemented policies and procedures around its IT systems, including security measures, employee training, system redundancies, and the existence of a disaster recovery plan. However, any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in the Company’s operations could result in a material disruption to its business. The Company may incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions, as well as increased demand for information technology resources to support employees operating in a partially remote work environment.
Weather, natural disasters and the impacts of climate change may adversely affect our business.
As a result of climate change, we may experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, including natural disasters. Should the impact of climate change be significant or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations would be adversely affected.
Our Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations segments are vulnerable to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, sea level rise, fires, tornadoes and unusually heavy or prolonged rain, which could cause personal injury and loss of life. In addition, natural disasters could damage our real estate holdings, which could result in substantial repair or replacement costs to the extent not covered by insurance, a reduction in property values, or a loss of revenue, and could have an adverse effect on our ability to develop, lease and sell properties. The occurrence of natural disasters could also cause increases in property insurance rates and deductibles, which could reduce demand for, or increase the cost of, owning or developing our properties.
Drought, greater than normal rainfall, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, sea level rise, fires, other natural disasters, agricultural pestilence, or negligence or intentional malfeasance by individuals, may also adversely impact the conditions of the land and thereby harm the prospects for the Land Operations segment and our land infrastructure and facilities, including dams and reservoirs.
We maintain casualty insurance under policies we believe to be adequate and appropriate. These policies are generally subject to large retentions and deductibles. Some types of losses, such as losses resulting from physical damage to dams, generally are not insured. In some cases, we retain the entire risk of loss because it is not economically prudent to purchase insurance coverage or because of the perceived remoteness of the risk. Other risks are uninsured because insurance coverage may not be commercially available. Finally, we retain all risk of loss that exceeds the limits of our insurance.
Political crises, public health crises and other events beyond our control may adversely impact our operations and profitability.
Political crises (including but not limited to heightened security measures, war, actual or threatened terrorist attacks, efforts to combat terrorism or other acts of violence) and public health crises (including, but not limited to, pandemics) may cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease, or may affect the ability or willingness of tourists to travel to Hawai‘i, thereby adversely affecting Hawai‘i’s economy and us. Further, as our business is concentrated in Hawai‘i, an attack on Hawai‘i as a result of war or terrorism may severely or irreparably harm the Company.
Such events beyond our control could adversely affect trade and global and local economies and may lead to actions limiting trade and population movement and the movement of goods through the supply chain, as well as other impacts to business and consumer demand, which may adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results and financial condition.
We are subject to, and may in the future be subject to, disputes, legal or other proceedings, or government inquiries or investigations, that could have an adverse effect on us.
The nature of our business exposes us to the potential for disputes, legal or other proceedings, or government inquiries or investigations, relating to labor and employment matters, contractual disputes, personal injury and property damage, environmental matters, construction litigation, business practices, and other matters, as discussed in the other risk factors disclosed in this section. These disputes could harm our business by distracting our management from the operation of our business. If these disputes develop into proceedings, these proceedings could result in significant expenditures or losses by us. Further, as a real estate developer, we may face warranty and construction defect claims, as described below under “Risks Relating to Our Land Operations Segment.”
Impairment in the carrying value of long-lived assets could negatively affect our operating results.
We have a significant amount of long-lived assets on our consolidated balance sheet and have recorded non-cash impairment charges in the past. Under generally accepted accounting principles, long-lived assets are required to be reviewed for impairment whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. If business conditions or other factors cause profitability and cash flows to decline, we may be required to record additional non-cash impairment charges. Events and conditions that could result in further impairment in the value of our long-lived assets include changes in the industries in which we operate, particularly the impact of a downturn in the global or Hawai‘i economy, as well as competition and advances in technology, adverse changes in the regulatory environment, or other factors leading to reduction in expected long-term sales or profitability.
Risks Related to Our Commercial Real Estate Segment
We are subject to a number of factors that could cause leasing rental income to decline.
We own a portfolio of commercial real estate assets. Factors that may adversely affect the portfolio’s profitability include, but are not limited to: (i) a significant number of our tenants are unable to meet their obligations; (ii) increases in non-recoverable operating and ownership costs; (iii) we are unable to lease space at our properties when the space becomes available; (iv) the rental rates upon a renewal or a new lease are significantly lower than prior rents or do not increase sufficiently to cover increases in operating and ownership costs; (v) the providing of lease concessions, such as free or discounted rents and tenant improvement allowances; and (vi) the discovery of hazardous or toxic substances, or other environmental, culturally-sensitive, or related issues at the property.
The bankruptcy or loss of key tenants in our commercial real estate portfolio may adversely affect our cash flows and profitability.
We may derive significant cash flows and earnings from certain key tenants. If one or more of these tenants declares bankruptcy or voluntarily vacates from the leased premise and we are unable to re-lease such space (or to re-lease it on comparable or more favorable terms), we may be adversely impacted. Additionally, we may be further adversely impacted by an impairment or “write-down” of intangible assets, such as lease-in-place value, favorable lease asset, or a deferred asset related to straight-line lease rent, associated with a tenant bankruptcy or vacancy.
A shift in retail shopping from brick and mortar stores to online shopping may have an adverse impact on our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations.
Although many of the retailers operating at our properties sell groceries and other necessity-based soft goods or provide services, the shift to online shopping may cause declines in brick-and-mortar sales generated by certain of our tenants and/or may cause certain of our tenants to reduce the size or number of their retail locations in the future. As a result, our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space, or re-lease space as leases expire, thereby increasing or prolonging vacancies, which would adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may not be able to renew leases, lease vacant space, or re-let space as leases expire. In addition, we may need to offer substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights, or below-market renewal options to retain
existing tenants or attract new tenants. If the rental rates for our properties decrease, our existing tenants do not renew their leases, or we do not re-let our available space, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows would be adversely affected.
Increases in operating expenses would adversely affect our operating results.
Our operating expenses include, but are not limited to, property taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs, and the maintenance of the common areas of our commercial real estate. We may experience increases in our operating expenses, some or all of which may be out of our control. Most of our leases require that tenants pay for a share of property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance costs. However, if any property is not fully occupied, or if recovery income from tenants is not sufficient to cover operating expenses, then we could be required to expend our own funds for operating expenses. In addition, we may be unable to renew leases or negotiate new leases with terms requiring our tenants to pay all the property tax, insurance, and common area maintenance costs that tenants currently pay, which would adversely affect our operating results.
Our retail centers may depend on anchor stores or major tenants to attract shoppers and could be adversely affected by the loss of, or a store closure by, one or more of these tenants.
Some of our retail centers are anchored by large tenants. At any time, our tenants may experience a downturn in their business that may significantly weaken their financial condition. As a result, our tenants, including our anchor and other major tenants, may fail to comply with their contractual obligations to us, seek concessions in order to continue operations, or declare bankruptcy, any of which could result in the termination of such tenants’ leases and the loss of rental income attributable to the terminated leases. In addition, certain of our tenants may cease operations while continuing to pay rent, which could decrease customer traffic, thereby decreasing sales for our other tenants at the applicable retail property. In addition, mergers or consolidations among retail establishments could result in the closure of existing stores or the duplication or geographic overlapping of store locations, which could include stores at our retail centers.
Loss of, or a store closure by, an anchor store or major tenant could significantly reduce our occupancy level or the rent that we receive from our retail centers. We may be unable to re-lease vacated space or to re-lease it on comparable or more favorable terms, or at all. In the event of default by an anchor store or major tenant, we may experience delays and costs in enforcing our rights as landlord to recover amounts due to us under the terms of our agreements with such parties.
Certain of our leases at our retail centers contain “co-tenancy” or “go-dark” provisions, which, if triggered, may allow tenants to pay reduced rent, cease operations, or terminate their leases, which could adversely affect our performance or the value of the applicable retail property.
Certain of the leases at our retail centers contain “co-tenancy” provisions that establish conditions related to a tenant’s obligation to remain open, the amount of rent payable, or a tenant’s obligation to continue occupying space, including (i) the presence of an anchor tenant, (ii) the continued operation of an anchor tenant’s store, and (iii) minimum occupancy levels at the applicable property. If a co-tenancy provision is triggered by a failure of any of these conditions, a tenant could have the right to cease operations, to terminate its lease early, or to a reduction of its rent. In addition, certain of the leases at our retail centers contain “go-dark” provisions that allow the tenant to cease operations while continuing to pay rent. This could result in decreased customer traffic at the property, thereby decreasing sales for our other tenants at such property, which may result in our other tenants being unable to pay their minimum rents or expense recovery charges. Such provisions may also result in lower rental revenue generated under the applicable leases. To the extent co-tenancy or go-dark provisions in our leases result in lower revenue or tenant sales, tenants’ rights to terminate their leases early, or to a reduction of their rent, our performance and/or the value of the applicable retail center could be adversely affected.
The value of our development-for-hold projects and commercial properties is affected by a number of factors.
We have significant investments in various commercial real estate properties and development-for-hold projects. Weakness in the real estate sector, especially in Hawai‘i, difficulty in obtaining or renewing project-level financing, and changes in our investment and redevelopment and development-for-hold strategy, among other factors, may affect the fair value of these real estate assets. If the undiscounted cash flows of our commercial properties, or redevelopment or development-for-hold projects, were to decline below the carrying value of those assets, we would be required to recognize an impairment loss if the fair value of those assets were below their carrying value.
We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of properties that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth.
Our business strategy involves the acquisition of retail, office, industrial, and other properties. These activities require us to identify suitable acquisition candidates or investment opportunities that meet our criteria. We evaluate the market of available properties and may attempt to acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist. We may be unable to acquire properties that we have identified as potential acquisition opportunities due to various factors, including but not limited to, the inability to (i) negotiate terms agreeable to the parties involved, (ii) satisfy conditions to closing, or (iii) finance the acquisition on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, we may incur significant costs and divert management attention in connection with evaluating and negotiating potential acquisitions, including ones that we are subsequently not able to complete. If we are unable to acquire properties on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flow could be adversely affected.
We face competition for the acquisition and development of real estate properties, which may impede our ability to grow our operations or may increase the cost of these activities.
We compete with many other entities for the acquisition of commercial real estate and land suitable for new developments, including other REITs, private institutional investors, and other owner-operators of commercial real estate. Larger REITs may enjoy competitive advantages that result from a lower cost of capital. These competitors may increase the market prices we would have to pay in order to acquire properties. If we are unable to acquire properties that meet our criteria at prices we deem reasonable, our ability to grow may be adversely affected.
We are subject to risks associated with real estate construction and development.
Our redevelopment and development-for-hold projects are subject to risks relating to our ability to complete our projects on time and on budget. Factors that may result in a development project exceeding budget or being prevented from completion include, but are not limited to: (i) our inability to secure sufficient financing or insurance on favorable terms, or at all; (ii) construction delays, defects, or cost overruns, which may increase project development costs; (iii) an increase in commodity or construction costs, including labor costs; (iv) the discovery of hazardous or toxic substances, or other environmental, culturally-sensitive, or related issues; (v) an inability to obtain, or a significant delay in obtaining, zoning, construction, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations; (vi) difficulty in complying with local, city, county and state rules and regulations regarding permitting, zoning, subdivision, utilities, and water quality, as well as federal rules and regulations regarding air and water quality and protection of endangered species and their habitats; (vii) insufficient infrastructure capacity or availability (e.g., water, sewer and roads) to serve the needs of our projects; (viii) an inability to secure tenants necessary to support the project or maintain compliance with debt covenants; (ix) failure to achieve or sustain anticipated occupancy levels; (x) condemnation of all or parts of development or operating properties, which could adversely affect the value or viability of such projects; and (xi) instability in the financial industry could reduce the availability of financing.
Significant instability in the financial industry may result in declining property values and increasing defaults on loans. This, in turn, could lead to increased regulations, tightened credit requirements, reduced liquidity and increased credit risk premiums for virtually all borrowers. Deterioration in the credit environment may also impact us in other ways, including the credit or solvency of vendors, tenants, or joint venture partners, the ability of partners to fund their financial obligations to joint ventures and our access to mortgage financing for our own properties.
Commercial real estate investments are relatively illiquid.
Our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, supply and demand, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot be certain that we will be able to sell any property for the price and other terms we seek, or that any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot estimate with certainty the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to complete the sale of a property. Factors that impede our ability to dispose of properties could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
Risks Related to Our Land Operations Segment
We are subject to risks associated with real estate construction and development.
Our development-for-sale projects are subject to risks that are similar to those described in the “We are subject to risks associated with real estate construction and development” risk factor above, under the “Risks Relating to Our Commercial Real Estate Segment” section.
Significant instability in the financial industry may result in declining property values and increasing defaults on loans. This, in turn, could lead to increased regulations, tightened credit requirements, reduced liquidity and increased credit risk premiums for virtually all borrowers. Fewer loan products and strict loan qualifications make it more difficult for borrowers to finance the purchase of units in our projects. Additionally, more stringent requirements to obtain financing for buyers of commercial properties make it significantly more difficult for us to sell commercial properties and may negatively impact the sales prices and other terms of such sales. Deterioration in the credit environment may also impact us in other ways, including the credit or solvency of customers, vendors, or joint venture partners, the ability of partners to fund their financial obligations to joint ventures and our access to mortgage financing for our own properties.
Governmental entities have adopted or may adopt regulatory requirements that may restrict our development activity.
We are subject to laws and regulations that affect the land development process, including zoning and permitted land uses. Government entities have adopted or may approve regulations or laws that could negatively impact the availability of land and development opportunities. It is possible that requirements will be imposed on developers that could adversely affect our ability to develop projects in the affected markets or could require that we satisfy additional administrative and regulatory requirements, which could delay development progress or increase the development costs to us.
Real estate development projects are subject to warranty and construction defect claims, in the ordinary course of business, that can be significant.
In our development-for-sale projects, we are subject to warranty and construction defect claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The amounts payable under these claims, both in legal fees and remedying any construction defects, can be significant and could exceed the profits made from the project. As a consequence, we may maintain liability insurance, obtain indemnities and certificates of insurance from contractors generally covering claims related to workmanship and materials, and create warranty and other reserves for projects based on historical experience and qualitative risks associated with the type of project built. Because of the uncertainties inherent in these matters, we cannot provide any assurance that our insurance coverage, contractor arrangements and reserves will be adequate to address some or all of our warranty and construction defect claims in the future. For example, contractual indemnities may be difficult to enforce, we may be responsible for applicable self-insured retentions, and certain claims may not be covered by insurance or may exceed applicable coverage limits. Additionally, the coverage offered, and the availability of liability insurance for construction defects, could be limited or costly. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurance that such coverage will be adequate, available at an acceptable cost, or available at all.
The lack of water for agricultural irrigation could adversely affect the financial position and profitability of the Land Operations segment.
It is crucial to have access to sufficient, reliable and affordable sources of water in order to conduct sustainable agricultural activity. Water availability is critical to the successful implementation of farming plans on those lands purchased from us by Mahi Pono Holdings LLC ("Mahi Pono") in conjunction with our sale of certain agricultural landholdings on Maui (the "Agricultural Land Sale"). As described in our public filings associated with that sale, as well as Note 11 - Revenue and Contract Balances of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, if Mahi Pono is unable to secure sufficient water to support the agricultural plans for which it purchased the lands, this could trigger certain financial obligations.
Governmental entities have adopted or may adopt regulatory requirements related to our dams, reservoirs, and other water infrastructure that may adversely affect our operations.
We are subject to inspections and regulations that apply to certain of our dams, reservoirs, and other water infrastructure. Certain of these facilities have deficiencies noted by the State of Hawai‘i, which we are working with the regulators to resolve. It is possible that current or future requirements imposed on landowners and dam owners/operators may require that we satisfy additional administrative and regulatory requirements and thereby increase the holding costs to us and/or decrease the operational utility of the subject facilities.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES BY SEGMENT
Commercial Real Estate
Asset classes
The Company owns and operates a portfolio of improved properties within three asset classes in Hawai‘i (retail, industrial and office). The following table presents a summary of GLA square footage ("SF") by the improved property asset class as of December 31, 2022:
Current GLA (SF)
Retail 2,503,700
Industrial 1,255,200
Office 145,700
Total 3,904,600
As noted above, the Company also owns 140.7 acres of land under urban ground leases in Hawai‘i as of December 31, 2022.
Improved properties
Most of the Company's improved retail, industrial and office properties are located on Oahu and Maui, with a smaller number of holdings on Kauai and Hawai‘i (island). The occupancy for the improved properties portfolio (i.e., the percentage of square footage leased and commenced to gross leasable space at the end of the period reported, "Leased Occupancy") was 95.0% as of December 31, 2022, and 94.3% as of December 31, 2021. For properties in the portfolio, the Company presents annualized base rent ("ABR") for each of its improved properties on a total and per-square-foot ("PSF") basis; ABR is calculated by multiplying the current month's contractual base rent by twelve.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company's commercial real estate improved property assets were as follows (dollars in thousands, except PSF data):
Property Island Year Built/
Renovated Current
GLA (SF) Leased/Economic
Occupancy ABR ABR
PSF
Retail:
1 Pearl Highlands Center Oahu 1992-1994 411,400 99.4% 98.2% $ 10,845 $ 26.85
2 Kailua Retail Oahu 1947-2014 326,400 95.4% 94.6% 11,779 38.61
3 Laulani Village Oahu 2012 175,600 96.5% 96.5% 6,650 39.23
4 Waianae Mall Oahu 1975 170,800 96.2% 95.5% 3,782 23.74
5 Manoa Marketplace Oahu 1977 142,000 97.8% 91.7% 4,559 35.02
6 Queens' MarketPlace Hawai‘i Island 2007 134,000 84.5% 83.6% 4,421 47.59
7 Kaneohe Bay Shopping Center (Leasehold) Oahu 1971 125,400 97.8% 97.8% 3,212 26.19
8 Hokulei Village Kauai 2015 119,000 100.0% 100.0% 4,288 36.77
9 Pu‘unene Shopping Center Maui 2017 118,000 78.4% 70.9% 4,038 48.96
10 Waipio Shopping Center Oahu 1986, 2004 113,800 97.4% 97.4% 3,426 30.89
11 Aikahi Park Shopping Center Oahu 1971, 2022 97,300 88.8% 84.9% 3,083 37.33
12 Lanihau Marketplace Hawai‘i Island 1987 88,300 97.7% 92.4% 1,585 19.43
13 The Shops at Kukui‘ula Kauai 2009 85,900 95.6% 87.5% 3,427 48.03
14 Ho‘okele Shopping Center Maui 2019 71,400 96.1% 91.2% 2,688 41.30
15 Kunia Shopping Center Oahu 2004 60,600 90.1% 90.1% 2,171 40.52
16 Waipouli Town Center Kauai 1980 56,600 39.7% 37.6% 451 21.20
17 Kahului Shopping Center (2) Maui 1951 50,900 94.3% 94.3% 935 19.46
18 Lau Hala Shops Oahu 2018 46,300 100.0% 95.0% 2,487 56.55
19 Napili Plaza Maui 1991 45,600 90.3% 90.3% 1,271 31.83
20 Gateway at Mililani Mauka Oahu 2008, 2013 34,900 93.7% 90.3% 1,882 59.79
21 Port Allen Marina Center Kauai 2002 23,600 92.0% 92.0% 648 29.90
22 The Collection Oahu 2017 5,900 100.0% 100.0% 339 57.46
Subtotal - Retail 2,503,700 93.8% 91.7% $ 77,967 $ 34.50
Industrial:
23 Komohana Industrial Park Oahu 1990 238,300 100.0% 100.0% $ 3,516 $ 14.76
24 Kaka‘ako Commerce Center Oahu 1969 202,200 95.5% 95.5% 2,759 14.64
25 Waipio Industrial Oahu 1988-1989 158,400 99.0% 99.0% 2,640 16.84
26 Opule Industrial Oahu 2005-2006, 2018 151,500 100.0% 100.0% 2,550 16.83
27 P&L Warehouse Maui 1970 104,100 100.0% 100.0% 1,610 15.46
28 Kapolei Enterprise Center Oahu 2019 93,000 100.0% 100.0% 1,618 17.39
29 Honokohau Industrial Hawai‘i Island 2004-2006, 2008 86,700 98.0% 96.0% 1,263 15.18
30 Kailua Industrial/Other Oahu 1951-1974 69,000 92.6% 91.4% 1,106 17.95
31 Port Allen Kauai 1983, 1993 64,600 95.6% 95.6% 736 12.64
32 Harbor Industrial (2) Maui 1930 51,100 100.0% 100.0% 626 12.26
33 Kahai Street Industrial (1) Oahu 1973 27,900 100.0% 100.0% 354 12.70
34 Maui Lani Industrial (1) Maui 2010 8,400 100.0% 100.0% 151 17.98
Subtotal - Industrial 1,255,200 98.4% 98.2% $ 18,929 $ 15.48
Office:
35 Kahului Office Building Maui 1974 59,100 86.6% 86.6% $ 1,490 $ 29.90
36 Gateway at Mililani Mauka South Oahu 1992, 2006 37,100 98.4% 96.2% 1,696 47.48
37 Kahului Office Center (2) Maui 1991 35,800 90.5% 90.5% 1,012 31.21
38 Lono Center Maui 1973 13,700 61.7% 61.7% 281 33.34
Subtotal - Office 145,700 88.2% 87.7% $ 4,479 $ 35.43
Total - Hawai‘i Improved Portfolio 3,904,600 95.0% 93.6% $ 101,375 $ 28.09
(1) Property is currently not included in the same-store ("Same-Store") pool, which management uses in the calculation of certain non-GAAP metrics at an improved property or ground lease level. Refer to page 37 for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures and the required reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures.
(2) Includes leases that were previously classified as ground leases and presented in the table on page 23.
Ground leases
The Company's portfolio of commercial ground leases at December 31, 2022, was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Property Name Location
(City, Island) Acres Property Type Exp. Year Current ABR
1 Owner/Operator Kapolei, Oahu 36.4 Industrial 2025 $ 3,203
2 Windward City Shopping Center Kaneohe, Oahu 15.4 Retail 2035 2,800
3 Owner/Operator Honolulu, Oahu 9.0 Retail 2045 2,075
4 Kaimuki Shopping Center Honolulu, Oahu 2.8 Retail 2040 2,039
5 S&F Industrial Pu'unene, Maui 52.0 Heavy Industrial 2059 1,275
6 Pali Palms Plaza Kailua, Oahu 3.3 Office 2037 992
7 Owner/Operator Kaneohe, Oahu 3.7 Retail 2048 990
8 Windward Town and Country Plaza I Kailua, Oahu 3.4 Retail 2062 963
9 Windward Town and Country Plaza II Kailua, Oahu 2.2 Retail 2062 621
10 Owner/Operator Kailua, Oahu 1.9 Retail 2034 450
11 Owner/Operator Honolulu, Oahu 0.5 Retail 2028 375
12 Owner/Operator Honolulu, Oahu 0.5 Parking 2028 349
13 Owner/Operator Kahului, Maui 0.8 Retail 2026 264
14 Seven-Eleven Kailua Center Kailua, Oahu 0.9 Retail 2033 258
15 Owner/Operator (1) Honolulu, Oahu 0.7 Industrial 2027 245
16 Owner/Operator Kailua, Oahu 1.2 Retail 2023 237
17 Owner/Operator Kahului, Maui 0.8 Industrial 2025 228
18 Owner/Operator Kahului, Maui 0.4 Retail 2027 181
19 Owner/Operator Kailua, Oahu 0.4 Retail 2025 174
20 Owner/Operator Kahului, Maui 0.9 Retail 2025 142
Remainder Various 3.5 Various Various 891
Total - Ground Leases2
140.7 $ 18,752
(1) Ground lease is currently not included in the Same-Store pool, which management uses in the calculation of certain non-GAAP metrics at an improved property or ground lease level. Refer to page 37 for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures and the required reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures.
(2) Leases previously classified as ground leases as of December 31, 2021, are now included and presented in the table of improved properties on page 21.
Land Operations
The Company's Land Operations segment primarily consists of the Company's non-commercial real estate landholdings and other legacy assets and liabilities.
Real Estate Investments
At December 31, 2022, the Company's real estate investments related to its Land Operations segment were as follows:
(amounts in millions, except acres data) Acres Carrying Value
Real estate investments
Core real estate investments
Kapolei Business Park West 3 $ 6.2
Maui Business Park II 53 22.1
Non-core real estate investments
Other real estate development 192 37.8
Agricultural land 3,123 0.4
Urban land, not in active development 20 0.6
Conservation & preservation 777 0.9
Investments in real estate joint ventures and partnerships 7.5
Total real estate investments, net 4,168 $ 75.5
Core Real Estate Development-for-sale Projects
As of December 31, 2022, the Company's Land Operations segment has one remaining active, core real estate development-for-sale project, Maui Business Park II, which encompasses light industrial lots located in Kahului, Maui. A summary of the Company's Maui Business Park II project as of December 31, 2022 is as follows:
(in millions)
Project Location Product
Type Planned Saleable
Acres Acres
Closed Est.
Total
Project
Cost A&B Gross
Investment
(Life to Date)
Maui Business Park (Phase II) Kahului,
Maui Light industrial lots 116.7 64.2 $ 89 $ 65
Maui Business Park II: Maui Business Park (Phase II) (“MBP II”) represents the second phase of the Company's Maui Business Park project in Kahului, Maui, and is zoned for light industrial, retail and office use. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company successfully closed on the sale of 4.9 acres at MBP Phase II.
Sale of Business
In connection with the Company's simplification efforts, during the quarter ended June 30, 2022, the Company completed the disposal of approximately 18,900 acres of primarily conservation and agricultural land on the island of Kauai and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in McBryde Resources, Inc., the operator of hydroelectric power facilities on Kauai, to an unrelated third party.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information set forth under the "Legal proceedings and other contingencies" section in Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The common stock of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. ("A&B" or the "Company") is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol ALEX. As of February 15, 2023, there were approximately 1,825 shareholders of record. In addition, Cede & Co., which appears as a single record holder, represents the holdings of thousands of beneficial owners of the Company's common stock.
The Company elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for US federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2017. As a REIT, the Company is generally required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its shareholders (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains). The Company has distributed and intends to continue to distribute REIT taxable income, including net capital gains, to its shareholders that will enable the Company to meet the distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code. The Company's Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, will determine on a quarterly basis the amount of cash to be distributed to the Company's shareholders based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the Company's results of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant restrictions, that may impose limitations on cash payments and plans for future acquisitions and divestitures.
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans at December 31, 2022, included:
Plan Category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
(a) (b) (c)1
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders - $0.00 3,359,277
1 Under the 2022 Incentive Compensation Plan, 3,359,277 shares may be issued either as restricted stock grants, restricted stock unit grants, or stock option grants.
In February 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $150 million of its common stock beginning on February 25, 2020, and ending on December 31, 2021. In October 2021, the Company's Board of Directors reauthorized the Company to repurchase up to $150 million of its common stock beginning on January 1, 2022, and ending on December 31, 2023.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 80,960 shares of our common stock in the open market for an aggregate purchase price, including commissions, of $1.4 million. These shares were retired upon repurchase. As of December 31, 2022, $145.4 million remains available under the stock repurchase program. The following summarizes the Company's purchases of equity securities and use of proceeds for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share¹ Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
(in thousands)
October 1-31, 2022 80,960 $ 16.95 277,010 $ 145,400
November 1-30, 2022 - $ - 277,010 $ 145,400
December 1-31, 2022 - $ - 277,010 $ 145,400
Total 80,960 $ 16.95 277,010 $ 145,400
1The average price paid per share includes $0.02 commission fee per share.
There were no unregistered equity securities sold by the Company during 2022 or 2021.
The graph below compares the cumulative total return on the Company’s common stock with that of the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”) and two industry peer group indices, FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs and FTSE Nareit Equity Shopping Centers, from December 31, 2017, through December 31, 2022. The stock price performance graph assumes that an investor invested $100 in each of the Company and the indices, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The comparisons in the graph are provided in accordance with the SEC disclosure requirements and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of the future performance of the Company's shares of common stock.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. RESERVED

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this Form 10-K that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the relevant forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, growth opportunities and competitive positions. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements were made and are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading "Risk Factors." The information in this Form 10-K should be evaluated in light of these important risk factors. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
The risk factors discussed in "Risk Factors" could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. There may be other risks and uncertainties that we are unable to predict at this time or that we currently do not expect to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Any such risks could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements.
Introduction and Objective
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") provides additional material information about the Company's business, recent developments and financial condition; its results of operations at a consolidated and segment level; its liquidity and capital resources including an evaluation of the amounts and certainty of cash flows from operations and from outside sources; and how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates affect its financial statements. MD&A is organized as follows:
•Business Overview: This section provides a general description of the Company's business, as well as recent developments that management believes are important in understanding its results of operations and financial condition or in understanding anticipated future trends.
•Consolidated Results of Operations: This section provides an analysis of the Company's consolidated results of operations.
•Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment: This section provides an analysis of the Company's results of operations by business segment.
•Liquidity and Capital Resources: This section provides a discussion of the Company's liquidity, financial condition and an analysis of its cash flows, including a discussion of the Company's ability to fund its future commitments and ongoing operating activities in the short-term (i.e., over the next twelve months from the most recent fiscal period end) and in the long-term (i.e., beyond the next twelve months) through internal and external sources of capital. It includes an evaluation of the amounts and certainty of cash flows from operations and from outside sources.
•Critical Accounting Estimates: This section identifies and summarizes the significant judgments or estimates on the part of management in preparing the Company's consolidated financial statements that may materially impact the Company's reported results of operations and financial condition.
This section of this Form 10-K discusses 2022, 2021, and 2020 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021, and 2021 and 2020.
Amounts in the MD&A section are rounded to the nearest tenth of a million. Accordingly, a recalculation of totals and percentages, if based on the reported data, may be slightly different.
Business Overview
Reportable segments
The Company operates two segments: Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations. A description of each of the Company's reportable segments is as follows:
•Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") - This segment functions as a vertically integrated real estate investment company with core competencies in investments and acquisitions (i.e., identifying opportunities and acquiring properties); construction and development (i.e., designing and ground-up development of new properties or repositioning and redevelopment of existing properties); and in-house leasing and property management (i.e., executing new and renegotiating renewal lease arrangements, managing its properties' day-to-day operations and maintaining positive tenant relationships). The Company's preferred asset classes include improved properties in retail and industrial spaces and also urban ground leases. Its focus within improved retail properties, in particular, is on grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers that meet the daily needs of Hawai‘i communities. Through its core competencies and with its experience and relationships in Hawai‘i, the Company seeks to create special places that enhance the lives of Hawai‘i residents and to provide venues and opportunities that enable its tenants to thrive. Income from this segment is principally generated by owning, operating and leasing real estate assets.
•Land Operations - This segment includes the Company's legacy landholdings, assets, and liabilities that are subject to the Company's simplification and monetization effort. Financial results from this segment are principally derived from real estate development and land sales, joint ventures, and other legacy business activities.
Simplification strategy
As a REIT focused on Hawaii commercial real estate, the Company has pursued the monetization and disposition of legacy, non-core assets and landholdings in order to simplify its business and allocate its capital resources to commercial real estate.
In December 2022, in connection with the evaluation of strategic alternatives to monetize and dispose of Grace Pacific, the Company's Board of Directors authorized Management to complete a sale of Grace Pacific and the Company-owned quarry land on Maui (collectively, the “Grace Disposal Group”). In conjunction with the Board's authorization, the Company concluded that the Grace Disposal Group met the criteria for classification as held for sale and discontinued operations as of December 31, 2022. The assets and liabilities associated with the Grace Disposal Group have been classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets, and its financial results are classified as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for all periods presented and the Company’s former Materials and Construction ("M&C") segment has been eliminated. In conjunction with the elimination of the M&C segment, the Company's equity interest in an unconsolidated materials company was incorporated with the Land Operations reportable segment.
Related to the Land Operations segment, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed the sale of approximately 18,900 acres of primarily conservation and agricultural land on the island of Kauai and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in McBryde Resources, Inc., the operator of hydroelectric power facilities on Kauai, for $76.0 million. In connection with the sale, the Company recognized a net gain on disposition of $54.0 million and received cash proceeds of $73.9 million. Excluding this transaction, the Company completed real estate disposals involving approximately 1,300 acres of land holdings on Maui and Kauai for $19.9 million and closed on the sale of six Maui Business Park II lots for $8.1 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed real estate sales involving approximately 1,800 acres of land holdings on Maui and Kauai for $41.3 million, and also closed on the sale of nine Maui Business Park II lots for $16.0 million. In addition, in November 2021, the Company capitalized on the historically high demand for Hawai‘i real estate when its joint venture projects Kukui`ula Development Company (Hawaii) LLC, Kukui`ula Web IP LLC, and Lodge IP LLC (collectively, "KDCH") completed the sale of substantially all of their assets to a third party for $183.5 million. The Company received cash distributions of $113.4 million and recognized joint venture income of $5.5 million related to the transaction and reduced the carrying value of the Company's investment in KDCH to zero. This substantially completed the Company's goal to monetize its unconsolidated equity method investments in joint venture development projects at Kukui'ula.
Termination of certain employee benefit plans
On February 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to effect the termination of the A&B Retirement Plan for Salaried Employees of Alexander & Baldwin, LLC and the Pension Plan for Employees of A&B Agricultural Companies (collectively, the “Defined Benefit Plans”), which became effective on May 31, 2021. In June 2022, the Company completed the termination of the Defined Benefit Plans. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company made cash contributions of $28.7 million to employee benefit plans, and in connection with the termination process recorded a pre-tax settlement charge of $76.9 million within Pension termination in the consolidated statements of operations, which represents the acceleration of deferred charges previously included within accumulated other comprehensive loss and the impact of remeasuring the plan assets and obligations at termination. In addition, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $18.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, to reclassify the tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss upon completion of the termination of the Defined Benefit Plans.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following analysis of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto.
2022 vs 2021 2021 vs 2020
(amounts in millions, except percentage data and per share data) 2022 2021 2020 $ % $ %
Operating revenue $ 230.5 $ 254.0 $ 190.3 $ (23.5) (9.3) % $ 63.7 33.5 %
Cost of operations (132.9) (134.9) (126.2) 2.0 1.5 % (8.7) (6.9) %
Selling, general and administrative (35.9) (36.6) (31.1) 0.7 1.9 % (5.5) (17.7) %
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets, net 54.0 2.9 9.4 51.1 18X (6.5) (69.1) %
Operating income (loss) 115.7 85.4 42.4 30.3 35.5 % 43.0 101.4 %
Income (loss) related to joint ventures 1.6 17.9 6.8 (16.3) (91.1) % 11.1 163.2 %
Pension termination (76.9) - - (76.9) - % - - %
Interest and other income (expense), net 0.4 (1.7) (0.1) 2.1 NM (1.6) 16X
Interest expense (22.0) (26.2) (30.2) 4.2 16.0 % 4.0 13.2 %
Income tax benefit (expense) 18.3 - 0.4 18.3 - % (0.4) (100.0) %
Income (loss) from continuing operations 37.1 75.4 19.3 (38.3) (50.8) % 56.1 3X
Discontinued operations (net of income taxes) (86.6) (39.6) (14.1) (47.0) (118.7) % (25.5) (180.9) %
Net income (loss) (49.5) 35.8 5.2 (85.3) NM 30.6 6X
(Income) loss attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest (1.1) (0.4) 0.4 (0.7) (175.0) % (0.8) NM
Net income (loss) attributable to A&B $ (50.6) $ 35.4 $ 5.6 $ (86.0) NM $ 29.8 5X
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Basic earnings (loss) per share - continuing operations $ 0.51 $ 1.03 $ 0.27 $ (0.52) (50.5) % $ 0.76 3X
Basic earnings (loss) per share - discontinued operations (1.21) (0.55) (0.19) (0.66) (120.0) % (0.36) (189.5) %
$ (0.70) $ 0.48 $ 0.08 $ (1.18) NM $ 0.40 5X
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Diluted earnings (loss) per share - continuing operations $ 0.50 $ 1.03 $ 0.27 $ (0.53) (51.5) % $ 0.76 3X
Diluted earnings (loss) per share - discontinued operations (1.20) (0.55) (0.19) (0.65) (118.2) % (0.36) (189.5) %
$ (0.70) $ 0.48 $ 0.08 $ (1.18) NM $ 0.40 5X
Continuing operations available to A&B common shareholders $ 36.9 $ 75.1 $ 19.2 $ (38.2) (50.9) % $ 55.9 3X
Discontinued operations available to A&B common shareholders (87.7) (40.0) (13.7) (47.7) (119.3) % (26.3) (192.0) %
Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders $ (50.8) $ 35.1 $ 5.5 $ (85.9) NM $ 29.6 5X
Funds From Operations ("FFO")1
$ 73.4 $ 110.0 $ 58.8 $ (36.6) (33.3) % $ 51.2 87.1 %
Core FFO1
$ 82.2 $ 69.5 $ 55.3 $ 12.7 18.3 % $ 14.2 25.7 %
FFO per diluted share $ 1.01 $ 1.52 $ 0.81 $ (0.51) (33.6) % $ 0.71 87.7 %
Core FFO per diluted share $ 1.13 $ 0.96 $ 0.76 $ 0.17 17.7 % $ 0.20 26.3 %
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (FFO/Core FFO)2
72.8 72.6 72.4
1 For definitions of capitalized terms and a discussion of management's use of non-GAAP financial measures and the required reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures, refer to page 37.
2 May differ from figure used in the consolidated statements of operations based on differing dilutive effects for net income (loss) versus FFO/Core FFO.
2022 compared to 2021
The causes of material changes in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, are described below or in the Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment sections below.
Operating revenue for 2022 decreased 9.3%, or $23.5 million, to $230.5 million due primarily to lower legacy business activities revenue (primarily McBryde's legacy leasing revenue and energy generation due to its sale in the second quarter of 2022) and lower unimproved property sales revenue from the Company's Land Operations operating segment, partially offset by higher revenues from the Commercial Real Estate segment.
Cost of operations for 2022 decreased 1.5%, or $2.0 million, to $132.9 million, due primarily to a decrease in costs incurred by the Land Operations segment, partially offset by higher costs from the Commercial Real Estate segment.
Selling, general and administrative costs for 2022 decreased 1.9%, or $0.7 million, to $35.9 million primarily due to lower consulting costs in the current year.
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets, net of $54.0 million for 2022 was primarily due to the sale of approximately 18,900 acres of primarily agricultural and conservation land on the island of Kauai and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in McBryde Resources, Inc., the operator of hydroelectric power facilities on Kauai. The $2.9 million gain on disposal of assets, net during 2021, was primarily driven by the sale of residual land on Maui that was part of the Company's Commercial Real Estate segment.
Pension termination loss of $76.9 million in 2022 resulted from the termination of the Defined Benefit Plans and represents the acceleration of deferred charges previously included within Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in the Company's balance sheet and the impact of remeasuring the plan assets and obligations at termination.
Income tax benefit (expense) of $18.3 million for 2022, was due primarily to the termination of the Company’s Defined Benefit Plan and the reclassification of the tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss upon completion of the termination of the Defined Benefit Plans.
Loss from discontinued operations (net of income taxes) for 2022 increased 118.7%, or $47.0 million, to $86.6 million primarily due to higher impairment charges recorded in 2022. As a result of the Grace Disposal Group's classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2022, the Company measured the disposal group at its fair value less costs to sell and accordingly recorded impairment of $89.8 million in 2022. During 2021, the Company recorded impairment of $26.1 million related to Grace Pacific's paving and roadway solutions operations.
2021 compared to 2020
The causes of material changes in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, are described below or in the Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment sections below.
Operating revenue for 2021 increased 33.5%, or $63.7 million, to $254.0 million due primarily to higher revenues from the Land Operations and Commercial Real Estate segments.
Cost of operations for 2021 increased 6.9%, or $8.7 million, to $134.9 million, due primarily to higher costs from the Land Operations segment.
Selling, general and administrative costs for 2021 increased 17.7%, or $5.5 million, to $36.6 million primarily due to higher Corporate overhead costs, partially offset by lower costs incurred in the Land Operations and Commercial Real Estate segments. Corporate overhead costs increased from the prior period primarily due to higher performance-based incentive compensation costs and expenses incurred in 2021 related to the Company's implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system.
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets, net of $2.9 million for 2021 was primarily related to the sale of residual land on Maui that was part of the Company's Commercial Real Estate segment. The $9.4 million gain on disposal of assets, net during 2020, was primarily driven by the consummation of the sale of assets related to the Company's solar power facility in Port Allen on Kauai that was part of the Company's Land Operations segment.
Loss from discontinued operations (net of income taxes) for 2021 increased 180.9%, or $25.5 million, to $39.6 million primarily due to impairment charges of $26.1 million recorded in 2021 related to Grace Pacific's paving and roadway solutions operations. During 2020, the Company recorded impairment of $5.6 million in connection with the disposition of GPRM in the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
Analysis of Operating Revenue and Profit by Segment
The following analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto.
Commercial Real Estate
Financial results
Results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
2022 vs 2021 2021 vs 2020
(amounts in millions, except percentage data and acres; unaudited) 2022 2021 2020 $ % $ %
Commercial Real Estate operating revenue $ 187.2 $ 174.1 $ 151.6 $ 13.1 7.5 % $ 22.5 14.8 %
Commercial Real Estate operating costs and expenses (98.7) (96.0) (95.6) (2.7) (2.8) % (0.4) (0.4) %
Selling, general and administrative (6.8) (6.5) (7.5) (0.3) (4.6) % 1.0 13.3 %
Intersegment operating revenue, net1
0.3 0.4 0.4 (0.1) (25.0) % - - %
Pension termination (0.7) - - (0.7) - % - - %
Interest and other income (expense), net 0.2 0.6 0.9 (0.4) (66.7) % (0.3) (33.3) %
Commercial Real Estate operating profit (loss) $ 81.5 $ 72.6 $ 49.8 $ 8.9 12.3 % $ 22.8 45.8 %
Net Operating Income ("NOI")2
$ 117.8 $ 110.7 $ 94.3 $ 7.0 6.3 % $ 16.4 17.4 %
Same-Store Net Operating Income ("Same-Store NOI")2
$ 117.1 $ 110.5 $ 91.9 $ 6.7 6.0 % $ 18.6 20.2 %
Gross Leasable Area ("GLA") in square feet ("SF") for improved properties at end of period 3.9 3.9 3.9 - - % - - %
Ground leases (acres at end of period) 140.7 143.4 153.8 (2.7) (1.9) % (10.4) (6.8) %
1 Intersegment operating revenue, net for Commercial Real Estate is primarily from the Land Operations segment and is eliminated in the consolidated results of operations.
2 For a discussion of management's use of non-GAAP financial measures and the required reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures, refer to page 37.
2022 compared to 2021
Commercial Real Estate operating revenue increased 7.5% or $13.1 million, to $187.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Operating profit increased 12.3%, or $8.9 million, to $81.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in Commercial Real Estate operating revenue and operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by higher base rents and higher recoveries. Operating costs and expenses increased 2.8% or $2.7 million to $98.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year due primarily to higher utilities and other property operating costs.
2021 compared to 2020
Commercial Real Estate operating revenue increased 14.8% or $22.5 million, to $174.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Operating profit increased 45.8%, or $22.8 million, to $72.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in Commercial Real Estate operating revenue and operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2021, largely reflects improved performance due primarily to lower, net bad debt and cash-basis charges as a result of rent collections and recoveries of previously reserved A/R balances. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded reductions to revenue of $4.6 million related to collectability assessments of tenant billings, as compared to $25.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Commercial Real Estate segment also benefited from the positive impacts to revenue and operating profit of redevelopment/new development projects commencing operations. Operating costs and expenses remained relatively flat, increasing slightly by 0.4% or $0.4 to $96.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Commercial Real Estate portfolio acquisitions, transfers and dispositions
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company transferred the following commercial real estate properties from other segments as follows (dollars in millions):
Transfers
Property Location Date
(Month/Year) Purchase Price GLA (SF)
Maui Lani Industrial Maui, HI 06/22 N/A1
8,400
1Represents an intercompany transaction.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no acquisitions or dispositions of commercial real estate properties.
Leasing activity
In the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company signed 84 new leases and 177 renewal leases for its improved properties across its three asset classes, covering 777,800 square feet of GLA. The 84 new leases consist of 186,200 square feet with an average annual base rent of $24.27 per-square-foot. Of the 84 new leases, 22 leases with a total GLA of 42,000 square feet were considered comparable (i.e., leases executed for units that have been vacated in the previous 12 months for comparable space and comparable lease terms) and, for these 22 leases, resulted in a 8.8% average base rent increase over comparable expiring leases. The 177 renewal leases consist of 591,600 square feet with an average annual base rent of $27.70 per square foot. Of the 177 renewal leases, 124 leases with a total GLA of 469,100 were considered comparable and resulted in a 4.0% average base rent increase over comparable expiring leases.
Leasing activity summarized by asset class for the year ended December 31, 2022, was as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Leases GLA (SF) ABR/SF Rent Spread1
Retail 183 504,907 $32.89 3.9%
Industrial 65 251,513 $14.18 5.7%
Office 13 21,357 $34.49 7.7%
1 Rent spread is calculated for comparable leases, a subset of the total population of leases for the period presented (described above).
Occupancy
The Company reports three types of occupancy: "Leased Occupancy," "Physical Occupancy," and "Economic Occupancy."
The Leased Occupancy percentage calculates the square footage leased (i.e., the space has been committed to by a lessee under a signed lease agreement) as a percentage of total available improved property square footage as of the end of the period reported.
The Physical Occupancy percentage calculates the square footage leased and commenced (i.e., measured when the lessee has physical access to the space) as a percentage of total available improved property square footage at the end of the period reported.
The Economic Occupancy percentage calculates the square footage under leases for which the lessee is contractually obligated to make lease-related payments (i.e., subsequent to the rent commencement date) to total available improved property square footage as of the end of the period reported.
The Company's improved portfolio occupancy metrics as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows:
As of As of Basis Point Change
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Leased Occupancy 95.0% 94.3% 70
Physical Occupancy 94.2% 93.8% 40
Economic Occupancy 93.6% 92.2% 140
Leased Occupancy
As of As of
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Basis Point Change
Retail 93.8% 93.1% 70
Industrial 98.4% 97.0% 140
Office 88.2% 91.5% (330)
Total Leased Occupancy 95.0% 94.3% 70
Economic Occupancy
As of As of
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Basis Point Change
Retail 91.7% 89.9% 180
Industrial 98.2% 97.0% 120
Office 87.7% 90.0% (230)
Total Economic Occupancy 93.6% 92.2% 140
Same-Store Leased Occupancy1
As of As of
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Basis Point Change
Retail 93.8% 93.1% 70
Industrial 98.3% 96.9% 140
Office 88.2% 91.5% (330)
Total Same-Store Leased Occupancy 95.0% 94.3% 70
Same-Store Economic Occupancy1
As of As of
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Basis Point Change
Retail 91.7% 89.9% 180
Industrial 98.1% 96.9% 120
Office 87.7% 90.0% (230)
Total Same-Store Economic Occupancy 93.6% 92.1% 150
1 For a discussion of management's use of non-GAAP financial measures and the required reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures, refer to page 37.
Land Operations
Trends, events and uncertainties
The asset class mix of real estate sales in any given period can be diverse and may include developable subdivision lots, undeveloped land or property sold under threat of condemnation. Further, the timing of property or parcel sales can significantly affect operating results in a given period.
Operating profit reported in each period for the Land Operations segment does not necessarily follow a percentage of sales trend because the cost basis of property sold can differ significantly between transactions. For example, the sale of undeveloped land and vacant parcels in Hawai‘i may result in higher margins than the sale of developed property due to the low historical cost basis of the Company's Hawai‘i landholdings.
As a result, direct year-over-year comparison of the Land Operations segment results may not provide a consistent, measurable indicator of future performance. Further, Land Operations revenue trends, cash flows from the sales of real estate, and the amount of real estate held for sale on the Company's consolidated balance sheet do not necessarily indicate future profitability trends for this segment.
Financial results
Results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:
(amounts in millions; unaudited) 2022 2021 2020
Development sales revenue $ 8.1 $ 16.0 $ 7.9
Unimproved/other property sales revenue 19.9 41.3 9.7
Other operating revenue1
15.3 22.6 21.1
Total Land Operations operating revenue 43.3 79.9 38.7
Land Operations operating costs and expenses (34.2) (38.9) (30.6)
Selling, general and administrative (3.5) (3.8) (4.9)
Intersegment operating charges, net2
(0.3) (0.2) (0.3)
Gain (loss) on disposal of assets, net 54.0 0.1 8.9
Earnings (loss) from joint ventures 1.6 17.9 6.7
Pension termination (62.2) - -
Interest and other income (expense), net (0.1) (1.8) (0.5)
Total Land Operations operating profit (loss) $ (1.4) $ 53.2 $ 18.0
1 Other operating revenue includes revenue related to trucking, renewable energy and licensing and leasing of non-core legacy agricultural lands.
2 Intersegment operating charges for Land Operations is primarily from the Commercial Real Estate segment and are eliminated in the consolidated results of operations.
2022: Land Operations revenue of $43.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily driven by sales of six development parcels at Maui Business Park for $8.1 million, as well as unimproved and other land sales on the islands of Kauai and Maui of approximately 1,300 acres for $19.9 million. Revenue also included other operating revenue related to the Company's legacy business activities in the Land Operations segment (primarily licensing and leasing of non-core legacy agricultural lands, trucking service, and renewable energy).
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed the sale of approximately 18,900 acres of primarily agricultural and conservation land on the island of Kauai and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in McBryde Resources, Inc., the operator of hydroelectric power facilities on Kauai, which resulted in a gain on disposal of $54.0 million.
Operating costs and expenses for this segment decreased primarily due to lower cost of sales associated with the unimproved and other landholdings and Maui Business Park II lot sales. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the segment incurred a settlement charge of $62.2 million in connection with the termination of the Defined Benefit Plans and a $5.0 million impairment charge related to conservation and agriculture zoned land on Oahu.
2021: Land Operations revenue of $79.9 million and operating profit of $53.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, were primarily driven by land monetization, including land sales of approximately 1,800 acres on the islands of Maui
and Kauai for $41.3 million and nine Maui Business Park II lots for $16.0 million. Additionally, segment operating profit included earnings from joint ventures of $17.9 million, due primarily to the Company's joint venture projects at Kukui'ula.
Operating costs and expenses for this segment increased primarily due to cost of sales associated with the landholdings and Maui Business Park II lot sales, but also included costs and expenses related to the segment's other legacy business activities (e.g., trucking service and renewable energy).
2020: Land Operations revenue of $38.7 million and operating profit of $18.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, were primarily driven by land monetization, including the sales of development parcels at Maui Business Park II and unimproved land sales on the islands of Kauai and Maui. Revenue also included other operating revenue related to the Company's legacy business activities in the Land Operations segment (primarily licensing and leasing of non-core legacy agricultural lands, trucking service, and renewable energy).
Other notable items within operating profit during the year ended December 31, 2020, included a gain of $8.9 million realized on the sale of the Company's solar power facility in Port Allen and a charge of $6.7 million related to the estimated costs of probable remediation work for reservoirs on Kauai, as well as the impact of a favorable resolution of certain contingent liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the sale of agricultural land on Maui in 2018.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company uses non-GAAP measures when evaluating operating performance because management believes that they provide additional insight into the Company's and segments' core operating results, and/or the underlying business trends affecting performance on a consistent and comparable basis from period to period. These measures generally are provided to investors as an additional means of evaluating the performance of ongoing core operations. The non-GAAP financial information presented herein should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.
FFO is presented by the Company as a widely used non-GAAP measure of operating performance for real estate companies. FFO is defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") December 2018 Financial Standards White Paper as follows: net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding (1) depreciation and amortization related to real estate, (2) gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets, (3) gains and losses from change in control, (4) impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity, (5) gains and losses from the sale of assets or businesses that are incidental to CRE, and (6) impairment write-downs of assets that are incidental to CRE.
The Company believes that, subject to the following limitations, FFO provides a supplemental measure to net income (calculated in accordance with GAAP) for comparing its performance and operations to those of other REITs. FFO does not represent an alternative to net income calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, nor does it represent cash available to pay distributions and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities, determined in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of the Company’s liquidity. The Company presents different forms of FFO:
•"Core FFO" represents a non-GAAP measure relevant to the operating performance of the Company's commercial real estate business (i.e., its core business). Core FFO is calculated by adjusting CRE operating profit to exclude items noted above (i.e., depreciation and amortization related to real estate included in CRE operating profit) and to make further adjustments to include expenses not included in CRE operating profit but that are necessary to accurately reflect the operating performance of its core business (i.e., corporate expenses and interest expense attributable to this core business) or to exclude items that are non-recurring, infrequent, unusual and unrelated to the core business operating performance (i.e., not likely to recur within two years or has not occurred within the prior two years). The Company believes such adjustments facilitate the comparable measurement of the Company's core operating performance over time. The Company believes that Core FFO, which is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure, provides an additional and useful means to assess and compare the operating performance of REITs.
•FFO represents the Nareit-defined non-GAAP measure for the operating performance of the Company as a whole. The Company's calculation refers to net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders as its starting point in the calculation of FFO.
The Company presents both non-GAAP measures and reconciles each to the most directly-comparable GAAP measure as well as reconciling FFO to Core FFO. The Company's FFO and Core FFO may not be comparable to FFO non-GAAP measures reported by other REITs. These other REITs may not define the term in accordance with the current Nareit definition or may interpret the current Nareit definition differently.
NOI is a non-GAAP measure used internally in evaluating the unlevered performance of the Company's Commercial Real Estate portfolio. The Company believes NOI provides useful information to investors regarding the Company's financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only the contract-based income and cash-based expense items that are incurred at the property level. When compared across periods, NOI can be used to determine trends in earnings of the Company's properties as this measure is not affected by non-contract-based revenue (e.g., straight-line lease adjustments required under GAAP); by non-cash expense recognition items (e.g., the impact of depreciation and amortization expense or impairments); or by other expenses or gains or losses that do not directly relate to the Company's ownership and operations of the properties (e.g., indirect selling, general, administrative and other expenses, as well as lease termination income). The Company believes the exclusion of these items from operating profit (loss) is useful because the resulting measure captures the contract-based revenue that is realizable (i.e., assuming collectability is deemed probable) and the direct property-related expenses paid or payable in cash that are incurred in operating the Company's Commercial Real Estate portfolio, as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. NOI should not be viewed as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.
NOI represents total Commercial Real Estate contract-based operating revenue that is realizable (i.e., assuming collectability is deemed probable) less the direct property-related operating expenses paid or payable in cash. The calculation of NOI excludes the impact of depreciation and amortization (e.g., depreciation related to capitalized costs for improved properties, other capital expenditures for building/area improvements and tenant space improvements, as well as amortization of leasing commissions); straight-line lease adjustments (including amortization of lease incentives); amortization of favorable/unfavorable lease assets/liabilities; lease termination income; interest and other income (expense), net; selling, general, administrative and other expenses (not directly associated with the property); and impairment of commercial real estate assets.
The Company reports NOI and Occupancy on a Same-Store basis, which includes the results of properties that were owned and operated for the entirety of the prior calendar year and current reporting period, year-to-date. The Same-Store pool excludes properties under development or redevelopment and also excludes properties acquired or sold during either of the comparable reporting periods. While there is management judgment involved in classifications, new developments and redevelopments are moved into the Same-Store pool after one full calendar year of stabilized operation. Properties included in held for sale are excluded from Same-Store.
The Company believes that reporting on a Same-Store basis provides investors with additional information regarding the operating performance of comparable assets separate from other factors (such as the effect of developments, redevelopments, acquisitions or dispositions).
To emphasize, the Company's methods of calculating non-GAAP measures may differ from methods employed by other companies and thus may not be comparable to such other companies.
Reconciliations of net income (loss) to FFO and Core FFO for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders $ (50.8) $ 35.1 $ 5.5
Depreciation and amortization of commercial real estate properties 36.5 37.7 40.1
Gain on the disposal of commercial real estate properties, net - (2.8) (0.5)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes 86.6 39.6 14.1
Income (loss) attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest 1.1 0.4 (0.4)
FFO $ 73.4 $ 110.0 $ 58.8
Exclude items not related to core business:
Land Operations operating (profit) loss 1.4 (53.2) (18.0)
Income tax expense (benefit) (18.3) - (0.4)
Pension termination - CRE and Corporate 14.7 - -
Non-core business interest expense 11.0 12.7 14.9
Core FFO $ 82.2 $ 69.5 $ 55.3
Reconciliations of Core FFO starting from CRE operating profit for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
CRE Operating Profit $ 81.5 $ 72.6 $ 49.8
Depreciation and amortization of commercial real estate properties 36.5 37.7 40.1
Corporate and other expense (39.3) (27.0) (19.2)
Core business interest expense (11.0) (13.5) (15.3)
Distributions to participating securities (0.2) (0.3) $ (0.1)
Pension termination - CRE and Corporate 14.7 - $ -
Core FFO $ 82.2 $ 69.5 $ 55.3
Reconciliations of CRE operating profit (loss) to NOI for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
CRE Operating Profit (Loss) $ 81.5 $ 72.6 $ 49.8
Plus: Depreciation and amortization 36.5 37.7 40.1
Less: Straight-line lease adjustments (6.3) (4.4) 1.3
Less: Favorable/(unfavorable) lease amortization (1.1) (0.9) (1.2)
Less: Termination income (0.1) (0.2) (2.3)
Plus: Other (income)/expense, net 0.5 (0.6) (0.9)
Plus: Selling, general, administrative and other expenses 6.8 6.5 7.5
NOI 117.8 110.7 94.3
Less: NOI from acquisitions and dispositions (0.7) (0.2) (2.4)
Same-Store NOI $ 117.1 $ 110.5 $ 91.9
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
The Company's principal sources of liquidity to meet its business requirements and plans both in the short-term (i.e., the next twelve months from December 31, 2022) and long-term (i.e., beyond the next twelve months) have generally been cash provided by operating activities; available cash and cash equivalents; and borrowing capacity under its credit facility. The Company's primary liquidity needs for its business requirements and plans have generally been supporting its known contractual obligations and also funding capital expenditures (including recent commercial real estate acquisitions and real estate developments); shareholder distributions; and working capital needs.
The Company's ability to retain outstanding borrowings and utilize remaining amounts available under its revolving credit facility will depend on its continued compliance with the applicable financial covenants and other terms of the Company's notes payable and other debt arrangements. The Company was in compliance with its financial covenants for all outstanding balances as of December 31, 2022, and intends to operate in compliance with these covenants or seek to obtain waivers or modifications to these financial covenants to enable the Company to maintain compliance in the future. However, due to various uncertainties and factors outside of Management's control, the Company may be unable to continue to maintain compliance with certain of its financial covenants. Failure to maintain compliance with its financial covenants or obtain waivers or agree to modifications with its lenders would have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition.
Based on its current outlook, the Company believes that funds generated from cash provided by operating activities; available cash and cash equivalent balances; and borrowing capacity under its credit facility will be sufficient to meet the needs of the Company's business requirements and plans both in the short-term (i.e., the next twelve months from December 31, 2022) and long-term (i.e., beyond the next twelve months). There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels or that it will be able to maintain its ability to borrow under its available credit facilities. As the circumstances underlying its current outlook may change, the Company will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that it determines is in the best interest of its business, financial condition and liquidity and capital resources.
Known contractual obligations
A description of material contractual commitments as of December 31, 2022, is included in Note 8 - Notes Payable and Other Debt, Note 13 - Leases - The Company as a Lessee, and Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Part II, Item 8 of this report, and is herein incorporated by reference.
In addition, contractual interest payments for Notes payable and other debt in the short term (i.e., over the next twelve months from December 31, 2022) and long-term (i.e., beyond the next twelve months) is estimated to be $19.8 million and $48.6 million, respectively (includes amounts based on contractual/fixed swap interest rates applied to future principal balances based on repayment schedules for secured and unsecured debt and also estimated interest on the revolving credit facility based on the outstanding balance and the rate in effect as of December 31, 2022).
Total amounts to be spent on contractual non-cancellable purchase obligations (that specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, pricing structure and approximate timing of the transaction that are not recorded as liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet) over the next twelve months from December 31, 2022, is $10.1 million; such amounts beyond the next twelve months are not material. The largest of such amounts pertain to the Company's CRE redevelopment project related to Manoa Marketplace (with a target in-service date in the third quarter of 2023) totaling approximately $3.9 million to be spent over the next twelve months.
A description of other commitments, contingencies and off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2022, is included in Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, and is herein incorporated by reference.
Sources of liquidity
As noted above, one of the Company's principal sources of liquidity has been operating cash flows from continuing operations, which were $67.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily driven by cash generated from the CRE operations (the Company's core business) and monetization of assets within the Land Operations segment. The Company's cash flows from continuing operations provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, reflects a decrease of $50.9 million from the prior year amount of $118.1 million, which was largely driven by cash contributions made to and in conjunction with the termination of the Company's Defined Benefit Plans in 2022 and lower cash proceeds from unimproved
and development land sales in 2022 as compared to 2021. Cash proceeds from unimproved/other property and development sales decreased by $23.1 million from $49.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, to $26.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The Company's operating income (loss) and cash flows provided by operating activities is generated by its subsidiaries. There are no material restrictions on the ability of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to the Company.
The Company's other primary sources of liquidity include its cash and cash equivalents of $33.3 million as of December 31, 2022, and the Company's revolving credit and term facilities, which provide liquidity and flexibility on a short-term (i.e., the next twelve months from December 31, 2022), as well as long-term basis. On August 31, 2021, the Company amended the existing $450.0 million committed revolving credit facility ("A&B Revolver"), which increased the total revolving commitments to $500.0 million, extended the term of the facility to August 29, 2025, and includes two six-month extension options. In addition, there were favorable amendments to certain covenants and reductions to the interest rates and fees charged. With respect to the A&B Revolver, as of December 31, 2022, the Company had $12.0 million of borrowings outstanding, $1.1 million letters of credit issued against and $486.9 million of available capacity on such revolving credit facility.
On August 13, 2021, the Company entered into an at-the-market equity distribution agreement, or ATM Agreement, pursuant to which it may sell common stock up to an aggregate sales price of $150.0 million. Sales of common stock, if any, made pursuant to the ATM Agreement may be sold in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors including market conditions, the trading price of the Company's common stock, capital needs, and the Company's determination of the appropriate sources of funding to meet such needs. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has not sold any shares under the at-the-market offering program, nor has any obligation to sell the shares under the at-the-market offering program.
Other uses (or sources) of liquidity
The Company may use (or, in some periods, generate) cash through various investing activities or financing activities. Cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations was $51.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations of $104.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The year ended December 31, 2022, included $73.1 million in cash proceeds from disposal of assets, primarily related to the sale of approximately 18,900 acres of agricultural and conservation land on the island of Kauai and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in McBryde Resources, Inc.. The year ended December 31, 2021, included cash proceeds from distributions of capital and other receipts from the Company's investments in affiliates, primarily its Kukui`ula joint ventures, of $149.5 million.
Cash used in investing activities is primarily composed of capital expenditures. In the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment of $21.7 million. As it relates to the CRE segment (i.e., its core business), the Company differentiates capital expenditures as follows (based on management's perspective on discretionary versus non-discretionary areas of spending for its CRE business):
•Growth Capital Expenditures: Property acquisition, development and redevelopment activity to generate income and cash flow growth.
•Maintenance Capital Expenditures: Activity necessary to maintain building value, the current income stream and position in the market.
Capital expenditures for continuing operations are summarized as follows for the years ended:
(in millions, unaudited) 2022 2021 2020
CRE property acquisitions, development and redevelopment $ 6.8 $ 27.2 $ 9.7
Building/area improvements (Maintenance Capital Expenditures) 10.7 9.9 6.0
Tenant space improvements (Maintenance Capital Expenditures) 3.9 2.5 3.1
Land Operations and Corporate 0.3 7.6 1.8
Total capital expenditures for continuing operations1
$ 21.7 $ 47.2 $ 20.6
1 Excludes capital expenditures for real estate developments to be held and sold as real estate development inventory, which are classified in the consolidated statement of cash flows as operating activities and are excluded from the tables above.
The year ended December 31, 2022, included cash outlays of $21.7 million related to capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment improvements. The year ended December 31, 2021, included cash outlays of $47.2 million, which was largely driven by $30.3 million of capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment improvements, $10.8 million related to the Company's acquisition of two commercial real estate assets using proceeds from the sale of legacy landholdings that qualified for tax-deferral treatment under §1033 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and $6.2 million for two land operations assets that qualified for tax-deferral treatment under §1031 and §1033 of the Code. See below for further discussion on the Company's use of §1031 and §1033 of the Code.
The Company regularly evaluates investment opportunities, including development-for-hold projects, commercial real estate acquisitions, joint venture investments, share repurchases, business acquisitions and other strategic transactions to increase shareholder value. In 2023, the Company expects that its capital expenditures, not including potential commercial real estate acquisitions, will be approximately $50.0 million - $60.0 million. Of this amount, the Company expects to spend approximately $48.0 million - $57.0 million for growth and maintenance capital for the Commercial Real Estate segment and the remaining $2.0 million - $3.0 million for Land Operations and general Corporate purposes. Should investment opportunities in excess of the amounts budgeted arise, the Company believes it has adequate sources of liquidity to fund these investments.
Cash used in financing activities for continuing operations was $126.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease from cash used in financing activities for continuing operations of $205.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Cash used in financing activities is primarily composed of dividend payments and payments of notes payable and other debt, which totaled $57.7 million and $61.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively.
Other capital resource matters
The Company utilizes §1031 or §1033 of the Code, to obtain tax-deferral treatment when qualifying real estate assets are sold or become subject to involuntary conversion and the resulting proceeds are reinvested in replacement properties within the required time period. Proceeds from potential tax-deferred sales under §1031 of the Code are held in escrow (and presented as part of Restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets) pending future reinvestment or are returned to the Company for general use if eligibility for tax-deferral treatment based on the required time period lapses. The proceeds from involuntary conversions under §1033 of the Code are held by the Company until the funds are redeployed.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed one transaction that gave rise to cash proceeds from sales or involuntary conversion activity that qualified under §1031 or §1033 of the Code.
As of December 31, 2022, there is $0.8 million from tax-deferred sales that are available for use and have not been reinvested under §1031 of the Code. In addition, the Company holds approximately $3.1 million from tax-deferred involuntary conversions that had not yet been reinvested under §1033 of the Code as of December 31, 2022.
Trends, events and uncertainties
General Economic Conditions
General economic conditions and consumer spending patterns can negatively impact our operating results. Unfavorable local, regional, national, or global economic developments or uncertainties, including supply chain constraints, inflationary pressures, travel restrictions, war, natural disasters or effects of climate change, or a prolonged economic downturn, could reduce consumer spending and adversely affect our business. Consumer spending on discretionary goods may also decline as a result of lower consumer confidence levels, higher interest rates or higher fuel costs, even if prevailing economic conditions are otherwise favorable.
Inflationary Trends
During 2022, the U.S. economy experienced the highest rate of inflation in nearly 40 years, which impacted a wide variety of industries and sectors. Inflation increased construction costs, including tenant improvements and capital projects, and operating costs. Many of the Company's leases require tenants to pay an allocable portion of operating expenses, including common area maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance, resulting in a mitigating impact on increased costs and operating expenses due to inflation.
In response to persistent concerns over inflation, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate to 4.50% as of December 31, 2022, up from 0.25% on January 1, 2022, and signaled its intent for additional increases into 2023. The ultimate extent of the impact that inflation will have on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity and capital resources will largely depend on future developments, including the resulting impact on economic growth/recession, the impact on travel and tourism behavior and the impact on consumer confidence and discretionary and non-discretionary spending, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, upon which the MD&A is based, requires that management exercise judgment when making estimates and assumptions about future events that may affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty and actual results may differ from those critical accounting estimates. These differences could be material.
Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (i) it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made; and (ii) changes in the estimate, or the use of different estimating methods that could have been selected and could have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition. The critical accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements are described below.
Impairment
Long-lived assets held and used, including finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for possible impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In such an evaluation, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset are compared with the amount recorded for the asset to determine if its carrying value is not recoverable. If this review determines that the recorded value will not be recovered, the amount recorded for the asset is reduced to estimated fair value. These asset impairment analyses are highly subjective because they require management to make assumptions and apply considerable judgments to, among other things, estimates of the timing and amount of future cash flows, the cash flow projection period, uncertainty about future events, including changes in economic conditions, changes in operating performance, discount rates, changes in the use of the assets and ongoing costs of maintenance and improvements of the assets, and thus, the accounting estimates may change from period to period. If management uses different assumptions or if different conditions occur in future periods, the Company’s financial condition or its future financial results could be materially impacted.
Assets held for sale are carried at the lower of their carrying values or estimated fair values less costs to sell. The fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, is assessed each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and any remeasurement to the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell is reported as an adjustment to the carrying value. The estimates of fair value consider matters such as contracts or the results of negotiations with prospective purchasers. These estimates are subject to revision as market conditions, and our assessment of such conditions, change.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded aggregate long-lived asset and finite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of $5.0 million related to its Land Operations segment and included in continuing operations. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not recognize any impairments of long-lived assets or finite-lived intangible assets for assets held and used in continuing operations.
As a result of Grace Pacific and the Maui Quarries classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2022, the Company measured the disposal group at its fair value less costs to sell and accordingly recorded impairment of $89.8 million in 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges of $26.1 million related to Grace Pacific's paving and roadway solutions operations. During 2020, the Company recorded impairment of $5.6 million in connection with the disposition of GPRM in the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, for a full description of the impact of recently issued accounting standards, which is incorporated herein by reference, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates, primarily as a result of its borrowing activities used to maintain liquidity and to fund business operations. In order to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates, the Company utilizes a balanced mix of debt maturities, along with both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. The Company further manages its exposure to interest rate risk through interest rate swaps on its variable-rate debt. The nature and amount of the Company’s fixed-rate and variable-rate debt can be expected to fluctuate as a result of future business requirements, market conditions and other factors.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s fixed-rate debt (after the effects of interest rate swaps), excluding debt premium or discount and debt issuance costs, consisted of $460.4 million in principal term notes and other instruments. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s variable-rate debt under its revolving credit facilities was $12.0 million. Other than in default, the Company does not have an obligation, nor the option in some cases, to prepay its fixed-rate debt prior to maturity and, as a result, interest rate fluctuations and the resulting changes in fair value would not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations unless the Company was required to refinance such debt.
The following table summarizes the Company's estimated exposure to interest rate risk over each of the next five years and thereafter based on the expected remaining principal obligation as of the beginning of each period and the related interest rates based on the Company's debt obligations as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in millions):
Fair Value at
Expected Remaining Obligation as of Beginning of Year December 31,
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter 2022
Liabilities
Fixed-rate debt $ 460.4 $ 425.4 $ 263.5 $ 223.1 $ 153.9 $ 113.0 $ 437.4
Average interest rate on remaining fixed-rate principal 4.26 % 4.22 % 4.23 % 4.11 % 4.10 % 3.90 %
Variable-rate debt1
$ 12.0 $ 12.0 $ 12.0 $ - $ - $ - $ 11.8
Average interest rate on remaining variable-rate principal2
5.44 % 5.44 % 5.44 % - % - % - %
Fair Value at
Expected Remaining Notional as of Beginning of Year December 31,
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter 2022
Interest rate swap agreements3
Variable to fixed remaining notional and fair value of swap asset (liability) $ 54.5 $ 52.7 $ 50.9 $ 49.0 $ 47.0 $ 45.0 $ 5.5
Average pay fixed rate 3.14 % 3.14 % 3.14 % 3.14 % 3.14 % 3.14 %
Average receive variable rate2
5.74 % 5.74 % 5.74 % 5.74 % 5.74 % 5.74 %
Fair Value at
Expected Remaining Notional as of Beginning of Year December 31,
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter 2022
Forward interest rate swap agreements3
Variable to fixed remaining notional and fair value of swap asset (liability) $ 130.0 $ 130.0 $ 130.0 $ 130.0 $ 130.0 $ 130.0 $ (2.8)
Average pay fixed rate - % - % 4.85 % 4.85 % 4.85 % 4.85 %
Average receive variable rate2
- % - % 5.61 % 5.61 % 5.61 % 5.61 %
1 Estimated variable-rate principal is based on the amounts outstanding and the contractual maturity date of the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2022. Actual principal outstanding may be greater or less than the amounts indicated.
2 Estimated interest rates on variable-rate debt are determined based on the rate in effect on December 31, 2022. Actual interest rates may be greater or less than the amounts indicated.
3 Certain of the Company's interest rate derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges with changes in the fair value of the asset or liability recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income. Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this report, for further discussion.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $532.9 million of fixed-rate debt with weighted average interest rates of 4.1% and no variable-rate debt outstanding, and the aggregate fair value of its interest rate derivatives for variable to fixed interest rate swaps was a liability of $2.2 million.
Also, from time to time, the Company may invest its excess cash in short-term money market funds that purchase government securities or corporate debt securities. At December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the amount invested in money market funds was immaterial.
As noted above, recent disruptions in the global economy have contributed to significant volatility in financial markets and both near-term and long-term economic impacts remain uncertain. With respect to exposure to changes in interest rates, the Company will continue to actively monitor the economic situation and its impact on interest rates and may take further actions that it determines is in the best interest of its business, financial condition and liquidity and capital resources.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)
Consolidated Balance Sheets 49
Consolidated Statements of Operations 50
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 51
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 52
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest 54
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 55
1.
Background and Basis of Presentation
2.
Significant Accounting Policies
3.
Real Estate Property, Net and Other Property, Net
4.
Acquisitions and Intangible Assets, Net
5.
Investments in Affiliates
6.
Allowances and Other Reserves
7.
Fair Value Measurements
8.
Notes Payable and Other Debt
9.
Derivative Instruments
10.
Commitments and Contingencies
11.
Revenue and Contract Balances
12.
Leases - The Company as a Lessor
13.
Leases - The Company as a Lessee
14.
Share-based Payment Awards
15.
Employee Benefit Plans
16.
Income Taxes
17.
Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
18.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
19.
Related Party Transactions
20.
Segment Results
21.
Long-lived Assets - Disposals
22.
Sale of Business
23.
Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
24.
Subsequent Events
25.
Unaudited Summarized Quarterly Information
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity and redeemable noncontrolling interest, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Assessment of Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations Classification - Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies and Note 23 - Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company has established a strategy to simplify its business, which includes evaluating options for the eventual monetization of Grace Pacific LLC (“Grace Pacific”) and the Maui quarries. At each reporting period, the Company assesses the held for sale and discontinued operations criteria as it relates to the contemplation of the sale of Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries. This involves significant complexities and judgments in making the accounting treatment determination. There are subjective and complex judgments in the determination of whether Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, including in the assessment of whether Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries are available for sale in the present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such businesses, whether the sale of Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries is probable and that the transfer of assets will be a completed sale within one year from period end, and whether there is formal approval from the Board of Directors authorizing the sale. For Grace Pacific and the Maui
quarries that will be sold or will meet the held for sale criteria, there are also significant judgments in the evaluation of whether the sale of these businesses represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.
We identified the assessment of held for sale and discontinued operations classification for Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made in determining whether events have occurred indicating that Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries should be presented as held for sale and discontinued operations. This required a high degree of auditor effort and judgment when performing audit procedures to evaluate whether management appropriately classified the assets, liabilities and operations of Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the assessment of held for sale and discontinued operations classification included the following, among others:
•We tested the design and operating effectiveness of the controls established to review compliance with held for sale and discontinued operations criteria.
•We evaluated the Company’s assessment of held for sale and discontinued operations criteria as it relates to Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries by:
-Inquiring of executive officers and key members of management and Board members to obtain an understanding of the plans to sell Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries.
-Assessing the Company’s judgments in determining whether Grace Pacific and the Maui quarries meet the held for sale and discontinued operations criteria through procedures performed including, but not limited to, reviewing minutes from meetings of the Board of Directors and related committees, communications regarding how far along the Company was in the selling process, and consideration of sales of other Grace Pacific entities that have occurred in prior years.
-Comparing the relevant guidance against the Company’s conclusions and testing the completeness and accuracy of information used in the Company’s evaluation.
-Evaluating the accuracy and completeness of the Company’s disclosures.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Honolulu, Hawai‘i
March 1, 2023
We have served as the Company's auditor since 1950.
ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(amounts in millions)
December 31,
2022 2021
ASSETS
Real estate investments
Real estate property $ 1,598.9 $ 1,588.2
Accumulated depreciation (202.3) (180.5)
Real estate property, net 1,396.6 1,407.7
Real estate developments 59.9 65.0
Investments in real estate joint ventures and partnerships 7.5 8.8
Real estate intangible assets, net 43.6 51.6
Real estate investments, net 1,507.6 1,533.1
Cash and cash equivalents 33.3 65.4
Restricted cash 1.0 1.0
Accounts receivable, net of allowances (credit losses and doubtful accounts) of $2.5 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
6.1 2.2
Other property, net 2.5 17.9
Operating lease right-of-use assets 5.4 7.0
Goodwill 8.7 8.7
Other receivables, net of allowances of $2.7 million and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
6.9 11.6
Prepaid expenses and other assets 89.0 78.2
Assets held for sale 126.8 154.7
Total assets $ 1,787.3 $ 1,879.8
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Notes payable and other debt $ 472.2 $ 530.8
Accounts payable 4.5 3.4
Operating lease liabilities 4.9 6.5
Accrued pension and post-retirement benefits 10.1 56.3
Deferred revenue 68.8 68.3
Accrued and other liabilities 102.1 95.2
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale 81.0 45.8
Total liabilities 743.6 806.3
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10)
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Note 2)
8.0 6.9
Equity:
Common stock - no par value; authorized, 150.0 million shares; outstanding 72.5 million and 72.5 million shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
1,808.4 1,810.5
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1.8 (80.7)
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings (774.5) (663.2)
Total A&B shareholders' equity 1,035.7 1,066.6
Total liabilities and equity $ 1,787.3 $ 1,879.8
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(amounts in millions, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Operating Revenue:
Commercial Real Estate $ 187.2 $ 174.1 $ 151.6
Land Operations 43.3 79.9 38.7
Total operating revenue 230.5 254.0 190.3
Operating Costs and Expenses:
Cost of Commercial Real Estate 98.7 96.0 95.6
Cost of Land Operations 34.2 38.9 30.6
Selling, general and administrative 35.9 36.6 31.1
Total operating costs and expenses 168.8 171.5 157.3
Gain (loss) on disposal of commercial real estate properties, net - 2.8 0.5
Gain (loss) on disposal of non-core assets, net 54.0 0.1 8.9
Total gain (loss) on disposal of assets, net 54.0 2.9 9.4
Operating Income (Loss) 115.7 85.4 42.4
Other Income and (Expenses):
Income (loss) related to joint ventures 1.6 17.9 6.8
Pension termination (76.9) - -
Interest and other income (expense), net (Note 2)
0.4 (1.7) (0.1)
Interest expense (22.0) (26.2) (30.2)
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes 18.8 75.4 18.9
Income tax benefit (expense) 18.3 - 0.4
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations 37.1 75.4 19.3
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes (86.6) (39.6) (14.1)
Net Income (Loss) (49.5) 35.8 5.2
Loss (income) attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest (1.1) (0.4) 0.4
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to A&B Shareholders $ (50.6) $ 35.4 $ 5.6
Earnings (Loss) Per Share Available to A&B Shareholders:
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders $ 0.51 $ 1.03 $ 0.27
Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders (1.21) (0.55) (0.19)
Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders $ (0.70) $ 0.48 $ 0.08
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders $ 0.50 $ 1.03 $ 0.27
Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders (1.20) (0.55) (0.19)
Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders $ (0.70) $ 0.48 $ 0.08
Weighted-Average Number of Shares Outstanding:
Basic 72.6 72.5 72.3
Diluted 72.8 72.6 72.4
Amounts Available to A&B Common Shareholders (Note 17):
Continuing operations available to A&B common shareholders $ 36.9 $ 75.1 $ 19.2
Discontinued operations available to A&B common shareholders (87.7) (40.0) (13.7)
Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders $ (50.8) $ 35.1 $ 5.5
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(amounts in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Net Income (Loss) $ (49.5) $ 35.8 $ 5.2
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax:
Cash flow hedges:
Unrealized interest rate hedging gain (loss) 4.9 2.3 (6.9)
Realized interest rate hedging gain (loss) (0.5) - -
Impact of reclassification adjustment to interest expense included in Net Income (Loss) 0.5 1.6 1.0
Employee benefit plans:
Actuarial gain (loss) 17.0 (27.4) (7.7)
Amortization of net loss included in net periodic benefit cost 1.9 2.8 2.5
Prior service cost - - (0.1)
Amortization of prior service credit included in net periodic benefit cost 0.1 - -
Pension termination 76.9 - -
Income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss) (18.3) - -
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 82.5 (20.7) (11.2)
Comprehensive Income (Loss) 33.0 15.1 (6.0)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest (1.1) (0.4) 0.4
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to A&B Shareholders $ 31.9 $ 14.7 $ (5.6)
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(amounts in millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss) $ (49.5) $ 35.8 $ 5.2
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operations:
Loss (income) from discontinued operations 86.6 39.6 14.1
Depreciation and amortization 38.0 39.6 42.5
Income tax benefit related to pension termination and other, net (18.1) - -
Loss (gain) from disposals and asset transactions, net (54.0) (2.9) (9.3)
Impairment of assets 5.0 - -
Share-based compensation expense 4.9 5.9 5.8
Equity in (income) loss from affiliates, net of operating cash distributions (0.9) (9.0) (5.6)
Pension termination 76.9 - -
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade and other receivables (3.9) 3.9 (2.9)
Inventories 0.1 (0.2) -
Prepaid expenses, income tax receivable and other assets (1.8) (4.7) 13.8
Development/other property inventory 10.5 8.7 3.6
Accrued pension and post-retirement benefits (27.1) (3.0) 2.7
Accounts payable 0.8 (0.5) (4.5)
Accrued and other liabilities (0.3) 4.9 (10.4)
Operating cash flows from continuing operations 67.2 118.1 55.0
Operating cash flows from discontinued operations (33.2) 6.1 8.1
Net cash provided by (used in) operations 34.0 124.2 63.1
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures for acquisitions - (16.9) -
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment (21.7) (30.3) (20.6)
Proceeds from disposal of assets 73.1 3.0 22.9
Payments for purchases of investments in affiliates and other investments (0.5) (1.2) (1.0)
Distributions of capital and other receipts from investments in affiliates and other investments 0.1 149.5 11.0
Investing cash flows from continuing operations 51.0 104.1 12.3
Investing cash flows from discontinued operations (6.4) (7.6) (0.3)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 44.6 96.5 12.0
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable and other debt - 131.0 173.0
Payments of notes payable and other debt and deferred financing costs (23.2) (288.8) (181.7)
Borrowings (payments) on line-of-credit agreement, net (38.0) - (8.7)
Cash dividends paid (57.7) (46.6) (13.8)
Repurchases of common stock and other payments (7.3) (1.3) (0.6)
Financing cash flows from continuing operations (126.2) (205.7) (31.8)
Financing cash flows from discontinued operations 11.0 (1.4) (1.3)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (115.2) (207.1) (33.1)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Cash included in Assets Held for Sale
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash included in assets held for sale (36.6) 13.6 42.0
Balance, beginning of period 71.0 57.4 15.4
Balance, end of period $ 34.4 $ 71.0 $ 57.4
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Other Cash Flow Information:
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest $ (21.4) $ (25.3) $ (28.9)
Income tax (payments)/refunds, net $ 1.0 $ 0.5 $ 0.5
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities from continuing operations:
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities $ 0.3 $ 1.5 $ 2.7
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets $ 0.7 $ - $ -
Finance lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets $ 2.6 $ - $ -
Dividends declared but unpaid at end of period $ 16.3 $ 13.4 $ 10.9
Escrow receivable from disposal of assets $ 0.9 $ - $ -
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities from discontinued operations:
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities $ 0.1 $ 0.1 $ 0.2
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets $ 20.2 $ 5.5 $ 0.4
Finance lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets $ 1.1 $ 0.1 $ 0.9
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash included in assets held for sale:
Beginning of the period:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 65.4 $ 54.9 $ 15.2
Restricted cash 1.0 0.2 0.2
Cash included in assets held for sale 4.6 2.3 -
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash included in assets held for sale $ 71.0 $ 57.4 $ 15.4
End of the period:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 33.3 $ 65.4 $ 54.9
Restricted cash 1.0 1.0 0.2
Cash included in assets held for sale 0.1 4.6 2.3
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash included in assets held for sale $ 34.4 $ 71.0 $ 57.4
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ALEXANDER & BALDWIN, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
(amounts in millions, except per share data)
Total Equity
Common Stock Accumulated
Other
Compre-
hensive Income (Loss) (Distribution
in Excess of Accumulated Earnings)
Earnings Surplus Non-Controlling
Interest Total Redeemable
Non-
Controlling
Interest
Shares Stated Value
Balance, January 1, 2020 72.3 $ 1,800.1 $ (48.8) $ (626.2) $ 3.6 $ 1,128.7 $ 6.3
Cumulative impact of adoption of ASC 326 - - - (4.0) (0.1) (4.1) -
Net income (loss) - - - 5.6 (0.6) 5.0 0.2
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax - - (11.2) - - (11.2) -
Dividend on common stock ($0.34 per share)
- - - (24.7) - (24.7) -
Disposal of subsidiary - - - - (2.9) (2.9) -
Share-based compensation - 5.8 - - - 5.8 -
Shares issued (repurchased), net 0.1 (0.4) - (0.1) - (0.5) -
Balance, December 31, 2020 72.4 $ 1,805.5 $ (60.0) $ (649.4) $ - $ 1,096.1 $ 6.5
Net income (loss) - - - 35.4 - 35.4 0.4
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax - - (20.7) - - (20.7) -
Dividend on common stock ($0.67 per share)
- - - (49.2) - (49.2) -
Share-based compensation - 5.9 - - - 5.9 -
Shares issued (repurchased), net 0.1 (0.9) - - - (0.9) -
Balance, December 31, 2021 72.5 $ 1,810.5 $ (80.7) $ (663.2) $ - $ 1,066.6 $ 6.9
Net income (loss) - - - (50.6) - (50.6) 1.1
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax - - 82.5 - - 82.5 -
Dividend on common stock ($0.83 per share)
- - - (60.8) - (60.8) -
Share-based compensation - 4.9 - - - 4.9 -
Shares issued (repurchased), net - (7.0) - 0.1 - (6.9) -
Balance, December 31, 2022 72.5 $ 1,808.4 $ 1.8 $ (774.5) $ - $ 1,035.7 $ 8.0
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Background and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business: Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. ("A&B" or the "Company") is a fully integrated real estate investment trust ("REIT") headquartered in Honolulu, Hawai‘i, whose history in Hawai‘i dates back to 1870. Over time, the Company has evolved from a 571-acre sugar plantation on Maui to become one of Hawai‘i's premier commercial real estate companies and the owner of the largest grocery-anchored, neighborhood shopping center portfolio in the state. As of December 31, 2022, the Company owns a portfolio of commercial real estate improved properties in Hawai‘i consisting of 22 retail centers, 12 industrial assets and four office properties, representing a total of 3.9 million square feet of gross leasable area; it also owns a portfolio of ground leases in Hawai‘i representing 140.7 acres as of December 31, 2022.
The Company operates in two segments: Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations. A description of each of the Company's reportable segments is as follows:
•Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") - This segment functions as a vertically integrated real estate investment company with core competencies in investments and acquisitions (i.e., identifying opportunities and acquiring properties); construction and development (i.e., designing and ground-up development of new properties or repositioning and redevelopment of existing properties); and in-house leasing and property management (i.e., executing new and renegotiating renewal lease arrangements, managing its properties' day-to-day operations and maintaining positive tenant relationships). The Company's preferred asset classes include improved properties in retail and industrial spaces and also urban ground leases. Its focus within improved retail properties, in particular, is on grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers that meet the daily needs of Hawai‘i communities. Through its core competencies and with its experience and relationships in Hawai‘i, the Company seeks to create special places that enhance the lives of Hawai‘i residents and to provide venues and opportunities that enable its tenants to thrive. Income from this segment is principally generated by owning, operating and leasing real estate assets.
•Land Operations - This segment includes the Company's legacy landholdings, assets, and liabilities that are subject to the Company's simplification and monetization effort. Financial results from this segment are principally derived from real estate development and land sales, joint ventures, and other legacy business activities.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation: The Company presents its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") as outlined in the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification (the "Codification" or "ASC"). The Codification is the single source of authoritative accounting principles applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company (including all wholly-owned subsidiaries), as well as all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Significant investments in businesses, partnerships and limited liability companies in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest, but the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for using the equity method.
A controlling financial interest in an entity may be established (i) through the Company holding a majority voting interest or (ii) if the Company is the primary beneficiary of an entity that qualifies as a variable interest entity ("VIE"), as defined in the Codification. The Company evaluates all partnerships, joint ventures and other arrangements with variable interests to determine if the entity or arrangement qualifies as a VIE. VIEs are entities where investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or where equity investors, as a group, lack one of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, (b) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (c) the right to receive the expected returns of the entity. If the entity or arrangement qualifies as a VIE and the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary, the Company is required to consolidate the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the VIE. The Company reevaluates whether an entity is a VIE as needed (i.e., when assessing reconsideration events that result in changes in the factors mentioned above) as part of determining if the consolidation or equity method treatment remains appropriate. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an interest in various unconsolidated joint ventures that the Company accounts for using the equity method. Other than the obligations described in Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies, obligations of the
Company's joint ventures do not have recourse to the Company and the Company's maximum exposure is limited to its investment.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to: (i) asset impairments, including intangible assets and goodwill, (ii) litigation and contingencies, (iii) revenue recognition for long-term real estate developments, (iv) pension and postretirement estimates, and (v) income taxes. Future results could be materially affected if actual results differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Rounding: Amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes are rounded to the nearest tenth of a million. Accordingly, a recalculation of some per-share amounts and percentages, if based on the reported data, may result in differences.
Discontinued Operations: In December 2022, in connection with the evaluation of strategic alternatives to monetize and dispose of Grace Pacific, the Company's Board of Directors authorized Management to complete a sale of Grace Pacific and the Company-owned quarry land on Maui (collectively, the “Grace Disposal Group”). As of December 31, 2022, the Company concluded that the plan to dispose of the Grace Disposal Group met the criteria for classification as held for sale and discontinued operations. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities associated with the Grace Disposal Group have been classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets, its financial results have been classified as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for all periods presented. Refer to Note 23 - Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations for additional information. All footnotes exclude discontinued operations unless otherwise noted.
Segment Reclassifications: The Company continually monitors its reportable segments for changes in facts and circumstances to determine whether changes in the identification or aggregation of operating segments are necessary. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company progressed on its simplification efforts related to the divestiture of its materials & construction business. The Grace Disposal Group, which was reclassified as held for sale and discontinued operations for all periods presented, made up the majority of activity in the Company’s former Materials and Construction ("M&C") segment. Accordingly, the former M&C segment has been eliminated and the segment information presented herein excludes the results of the Grace Disposal Group for all periods presented. As a result of this strategic shift, the chief operating decision maker began reviewing all investments in unconsolidated affiliates together within the Land Operations segment. This change resulted in a reorganization to present the income (loss) related to one joint venture which historically was included in the results of the former M&C segment to now be included in the results of the Land Operations segment. The segment disclosures in this filing have been recast to reflect these changes and therefore differ from prior period quarterly and annual filings to conform to the current year presentation. Refer to Note 20 - Segment Results for additional information.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Real estate property, net: Real estate property, net primarily represents long-lived physical assets associated with the CRE segment's leasing activity (e.g., improved property leases and ground leases); it also includes landholdings and related assets in the Land Operations segment that the Company holds for either possible future development or future monetization as part of its simplification strategy. The balance primarily consists of land, buildings and improvements and is recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation.
Expenditures for additions, improvements and other enhancements to real estate properties are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend asset lives are charged to expense as incurred. When assets related to real estate properties are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations for the respective period.
Certain costs are capitalized related to the development and redevelopment of real estate properties, including pre-construction costs; real estate taxes; insurance; construction costs; attributable interest expense; and salaries, and related costs of personnel directly involved. Additionally, the Company makes estimates as to the probability of certain development and redevelopment projects being completed. If the Company determines the development or redevelopment is no longer probable of completion, the Company expenses all capitalized costs which are not recoverable.
Acquisitions of real estate properties: Acquisitions of real estate properties are evaluated to determine if they should be accounted for as asset acquisitions or business combinations (under current guidance, acquisitions of real estate properties are generally considered asset acquisitions). Under asset acquisition accounting, the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets (e.g., land, buildings and tenant improvements), identifiable intangible assets (e.g., in-place leases and favorable leases) and liabilities (e.g., unfavorable leases and assumed debt) based on an evaluation of available information at the date of the acquisition. Based on these estimates, the purchase consideration is allocated to the acquired assets and assumed
liabilities. Transaction costs incurred during the acquisition process are capitalized as a component of the purchase consideration. Upon the closing of a business combination, after identifying all tangible and intangible assets and liabilities, the excess consideration paid over the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired and assumed, respectively, represents goodwill.
In estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the Company considers information obtained about each property as a result of its due diligence and marketing and leasing activities and uses various valuation methods, such as estimated cash flow projections using appropriate discount and capitalization rates, analysis of recent comparable sales transactions, estimates of replacement costs net of depreciation and other available market information. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant.
Values for favorable leases acquired and unfavorable leases assumed are estimated based on the present value (using a discount rate reflecting the risks associated with leases acquired) of the difference between: (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the leases negotiated and in-place at the time of acquisition and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the property or an equivalent property, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for favorable leases and the initial term plus the estimated term of any below-market, fixed-rate renewal options for unfavorable leases. The assets recognized and liabilities assumed are amortized to revenue over the related lease term plus fixed-rate renewal options, as appropriate.
The purchase price is further allocated to in-place lease values and tenant relationship values based on management's evaluation of the specific characteristics of the acquired lease portfolio and the Company's overall relationship with the anchor tenants. Such amounts are amortized to expense over the remaining initial lease term (and expected renewal periods for tenant relationships).
Real estate developments: Real estate developments represent certain costs capitalized and presented in the Land Operations segment that relate to (i) active real estate development projects and other land intended for sale or (ii) potential future real estate development projects intended for lease that would be part of future CRE segment operations. For potential future real estate development projects intended for lease, when management with the relevant authority has approved expenditures for activities clearly associated with the development and construction of a CRE segment project, the capitalized costs associated with such project (e.g., historical cost of land) will be included in Real estate property, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Certain costs capitalized relating to active real estate development projects intended for sale may include pre-construction costs (e.g., costs related to land acquisition); construction costs (e.g., grading, roads, water and sewage systems, landscaping and project amenities); direct overhead costs (e.g., utilities, maintenance, insurance and real estate taxes); capitalized interest; and salaries and related costs of personnel directly involved.
For development projects, capitalized costs are allocated using the direct method for expenditures that are specifically associated with the unit being sold and the relative-sales-value method for expenditures that benefit the entire project. Direct overhead costs incurred after the development project is substantially complete and ready to be marketed are charged to selling, general and administrative expense as incurred. All indirect overhead costs are charged to selling, general and administrative costs as incurred.
Cash flows related to active real estate development projects and other land intended for sale are classified as operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Capitalized Interest: Interest costs on developments and major redevelopments are capitalized as part of real estate development and redevelopment projects that have not yet been placed into service. Capitalization of interest commences when development activities and expenditures begin and end when the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use or ready to be marketed.
Other property, net: Other property, net represents all other long-lived physical assets other than those presented in Real estate property, net and Real estate developments. The balance primarily consists of corporate long-lived physical assets and Land Operations long-lived physical assets that are used in other Land Operations activities and are not included in Real estate property, net or Real estate developments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Other property, net is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend asset lives are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation and Amortization: Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of property are as follows:
Classification Range of Life (in years)
Building and improvements 10 to 40
Leasehold improvements 5 to 10 (lesser of useful life or lease term)
Water, power and sewer systems 5 to 50
Machinery and equipment 2 to 35
Other property improvements 3 to 35
Intangible Assets: Real estate intangible assets are included in Real estate intangible assets, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are generally related to the acquisition of commercial real estate properties. In the event a lease or leases with a tenant have been, or are expected to be, terminated early, the Company evaluates the remaining useful lives of depreciable or amortizable assets of the associated assets related to the lease terminated (i.e., tenant improvements, above and below market lease intangibles, in-place lease value and leasing commissions). Based upon consideration of the facts and circumstances surrounding the termination, the Company may accelerate the depreciation and amortization of such associated assets.
Other intangible assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are generally related to software capitalized for internal use.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. The Company carries these investments at cost, which approximates fair value.
Restricted Cash: The Company's historical restricted cash balances have been primarily composed of proceeds from §1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") tax-deferred sales held in escrow pending future use in acquisitions of replacement real estate assets (if within the required time period). As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were $0.8 million of available proceeds from Code §1031 tax-deferred sales in the restricted cash balance.
Allowance for Credit Losses: The Company estimates its allowance for credit losses for financial assets within the scope of ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASC 326"), at portfolio levels which include the CRE segment and the Land Operations segment. Within these portfolio levels, the Company develops expected credit loss estimates by security type (which may include financing receivables or contract assets recognized in contracts with customers) by factoring historical loss information; information on both current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions that may not be reflected in historical loss information; and other relevant credit quality information for the respective securities. As part of this process, the Company analyzes relevant information on a collective (pool) basis for securities with similar risk characteristics or separately on an individual basis when a financial asset does not share risk characteristics with other financial assets.
The portfolios of financial assets within the scope of ASC 326 relating to the CRE and Land Operations segments include financing receivables (i.e., notes receivable), which are primarily composed of historical development and other land-related transactions. The assets in these portfolios are analyzed on an individual basis, in which the Company considers certain, available information specific to the counterparties to the transactions (e.g., liquidity and solvency of the counterparties) and environmental factors that are relevant in the assessment of the expected collectability of the future cash flows for these assets (e.g., changes and expected changes in the general economic environment in which the counterparty operates). For these assets, the Company uses a discounted cash flow method to calculate the allowance for credit losses using the asset's effective interest rate.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Allowances for doubtful accounts are established by management based on estimates of collectability. Estimates of collectability are principally based on an evaluation of the current financial condition of the Company’s customers and their payment history, which are regularly monitored by the Company.
Other receivables, net: Other receivables, net are primarily composed of notes receivable recorded at cost less allowances for credit losses on the consolidated balance sheets.
Inventories: Inventories related to trucking services within the Land Operations segment are stated at the lower of cost (principally average cost, first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, inventories consisted of parts, materials, and supplies and were $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
Goodwill: The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The goodwill impairment test estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using an income approach that is based on a discounted cash flow analysis. The discounted cash flow approach relies on a number of assumptions, including future macroeconomic conditions, market factors specific to the reporting unit, the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows to be generated by the business over an extended period of time and a discount rate that considers the risks related to the amount and timing of the cash flows, among others. The Company classified these fair value measurements as Level 3. If the results of the Company's test indicates that a reporting unit's estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
The Company's goodwill balance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $8.7 million and is attributable to the CRE reporting unit, which is also a reportable segment. There is no goodwill related to the Land Operations reporting unit, which is also a reportable segment.
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale: Assets and liabilities to be disposed of by sale ("disposal groups") are reclassified into Assets held for sale and Liabilities associated with assets held for sale on our consolidated balance sheets. The reclassification occurs when all the held for sale criteria have been met. Disposal groups are measured at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell and are not depreciated or amortized. The fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, is assessed each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and any remeasurement to the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell is reported as an adjustment to the carrying value. Assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, associated with the Grace Disposal Group were reclassified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. The Grace Disposal Group includes financing leases that are secured by the associated leased heavy equipment and a revolving credit facility maintained by GLP Asphalt, a consolidated joint venture that is part of the Grace Disposal Group. The credit facility is collateralized by GLP Asphalt inventory and accounts receivable, and can only be used to finance GLP Asphalt working capital needs, including, the purchase of liquid asphalt. The Company does not expect the revolving credit facility to represent an obligation of the Company upon completion of a sale. Liabilities related to the cessation of sugar operations are presented within Accrued and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Self-Insured Liabilities: The Company is self-insured for certain losses that include, but are not limited to, employee health, workers’ compensation, general liability, real and personal property, and real estate construction warranty and defect claims. When feasible, the Company obtains third-party insurance coverage to limit its exposure to these claims. When estimating its self-insured liabilities, the Company considers a number of factors, including historical claims experience, demographic factors, and valuations provided by independent third-parties.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest: The Company has a 70% ownership interest in GLP Asphalt through its ownership of Grace Pacific. The noncontrolling interest in GLP Asphalt may be redeemed for cash at the option of the noncontrolling interest holder at a redemption value, which is derived from a specified formula in the GLP Asphalt operating agreement (i.e., other than fair value).
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries that are redeemable for cash or other assets outside of the Company’s control at other than fair value are classified as mezzanine equity, outside of equity and liabilities. Such amounts are adjusted at each reporting date to the higher of (1) the amount resulting from the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for cumulative amounts of the noncontrolling interest holder's share of net income or loss, share of other comprehensive income or loss and dividends and (2) the redemption value on each annual balance sheet date. The resulting changes in the carrying value, increases or decreases, are recorded with corresponding adjustments against earnings surplus or, in the absence of earnings surplus, common stock.
Fair Value Measurements: ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"), as amended, establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy places the highest priority on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and assigns the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of inputs within the hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
If the technique used to measure fair value includes inputs from multiple levels of the fair value hierarchy, the lowest level of significant input determines the placement of the entire fair value measurement in the hierarchy.
Revenue Recognition and Leases - The Company as a Lessor: Sources of revenue for the Company primarily include commercial property rentals, sales of real estate and real estate development projects. The Company generates revenue from its two distinct segments:
Commercial Real Estate: The Commercial Real Estate segment owns, operates, leases, and manages a portfolio of retail, office, and industrial properties in Hawai‘i; it also leases urban land in Hawai‘i to third-party lessees. Commercial Real Estate revenue is recognized under lease accounting guidance with the Company as lessor.
Leases - The Company as Lessor: The Company reviews its contracts to determine if they qualify as a lease. A contract is determined to be a lease when the right to substantially all of the economic benefits and to direct the use of an identified asset is transferred to a customer over a defined period of time for consideration. During this review, the Company evaluates among other items, asset specification, substitution rights, purchase options, operating rights and control over the asset during the contract period.
The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components for all classes of underlying assets where the component follows the same timing and pattern as the lease component and the lease component is classified as an operating lease. Non-lease components included in rental revenue primarily consist of tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance and other services paid for by the lessor and utilized by the lessee. Under the practical expedient, the Company accounts for the single, combined component under leasing guidance as the lease component is the predominant component in the contract.
Rental revenue is primarily derived from operating leases and, therefore, is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Fixed contractual payments from the Company's leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Straight-line rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. The accrued straight-line receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. Certain of the Company's lease agreements include terms for contingent rental revenue (e.g., percentage rents based on tenant sales volume) and tenant reimbursed property taxes, which are both accounted for as variable payments.
Certain of the Company's leases include termination and/or extension options. Termination options allow the customer to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term under specific circumstances. The Company's extension options generally require a re-negotiation with the customer at market rates. Initial direct costs, primarily commissions, related to the leasing of properties are capitalized on the balance sheet and amortized over the lease term. All other costs to negotiate or arrange a lease are expensed as incurred.
Accounts receivable related to leases are regularly evaluated for collectability, considering factors including, but not limited to, the credit quality of the customer, historical trends of the customer, and changes in customer payment terms. Upon determination that the collectability of a customer receivable is not probable, the Company will reverse the receivable and any accrued straight-line receivable and record a corresponding reduction of revenue previously recognized. Subsequent revenue is recorded on a cash basis until collectability on related billings becomes probable. Upon determination that portions of a tenant's receivables are not probable of collection (e.g., due to current conditions impacting specific amounts), the Company will record an allowance for doubtful accounts for the recorded operating lease receivable and record a corresponding adjustment of revenue previously recognized.
In April 2020, the FASB staff issued a question-and-answer document focusing on lease concessions related to the effects of the 2019 coronavirus ("COVID-19") and the application of lease accounting guidance related to modifications (the "Lease Modification Q&A"). See Note 12 - Leases - The Company as a Lessor for further discussion on the impact of
applicable rent relief provided beginning in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 under the Lease Modification Q&A. As of December 31, 2022, the Company no longer provides COVID-19 lease concessions.
Land Operations: Revenues from sales of real estate are recognized at the point in time when control of the underlying goods is transferred to the customer and the payment is due (generally on the closing date). For certain development projects, the Company will use a percentage of completion for revenue recognition. Under this method, the amount of revenue recognized is based on the development costs that have been incurred throughout the reporting period as a percentage of total expected development costs associated with the development project. In evaluating the expected development costs associated with a development project, significant estimates and considerable judgments by management are involved.
The Company deems its contract prices reflective of the standalone selling prices of the underlying goods and services since the contracts are required to go through a competitive bidding process.
On a consolidated basis, in addition to disclosing amounts recorded as contract assets or contract liabilities in its consolidated balance sheets, the Company discloses information about the amount of contract consideration allocated to either wholly unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations (see Note 11 - Revenue and Contract Balances). Related to this disclosure, the Company has elected to not disclose information about the amount of contract consideration allocated to remaining performance obligations for certain contracts that have original expected durations of one year or less. This may occur with contracts for sales of real estate that are executed as of the end of the period with control of the underlying assets to be transferred to the customer subsequent to the end of the period. The closing date of such transactions will generally occur within one year or less of the contract execution date.
Leases - The Company as Lessee: The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception by considering whether that arrangement conveys the right to use an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases are included in Operating lease right-of-use assets ("ROU assets") and Operating lease liabilities ("lease liabilities") in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets and lease liabilities related to finance leases are included in Real estate property, net and Notes payable and other debt, respectively, in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate and are not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. ROU assets also include any lease payments made at or before the commencement date and excludes any lease incentives received. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
In connection with its application of the lease guidance, the Company has evaluated the lease and non-lease components within its leases where it is the lessee and has elected, for all classes of underling assets, the practical expedient to present lease and non-lease components in its lease agreements as one component. The Company has also elected, for all classes of underlying assets, to not recognize lease liabilities and lease assets for leases with a term of 12 months or less.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Held and Used and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets: Long-lived assets held and used, including finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for possible impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In such an evaluation, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset are compared with the amount recorded for the asset to determine if its carrying value is not recoverable. If this review determines that the recorded value will not be recovered, the amount recorded for the asset is reduced to estimated fair value. In evaluating the fair value of long-lived asset groups, significant estimates and considerable judgments are involved. These long-lived asset impairment analyses are highly subjective because they require management to make assumptions and apply considerable judgments to, among other things, estimates of the timing and amount of future cash flows, the cash flow projection period, uncertainty about future events, including changes in economic conditions, changes in operating performance, changes in the use of the assets and ongoing costs of maintenance and improvements of the assets, appropriate discount rates based on the perceived risks, and thus, the accounting estimates may change from period to period. Refer to Note 7 - Fair Value Measurements for further discussion.
Impairment of Investments in Affiliates: The Company's investments in affiliates that are accounted for under the equity method are reviewed for impairment whenever there is evidence that fair value may be below carrying cost. An
investment is written down to fair value if fair value is below carrying cost and the impairment is believed to be other-than-temporary. Refer to Note 7 - Fair Value Measurements for further discussion.
Share-Based Compensation: The Company records compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors. The Company’s various equity plans are more fully described in Note 14 - Share-based Payment Awards.
Employee Benefit Plans: The Company provides a wide range of benefits to existing employees and retired employees, including single-employer defined benefit plans, postretirement, defined contribution plans, post-employment and health care benefits. The Company records amounts relating to these plans based on various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost rate trends. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current economic conditions and trends. The Company believes that the assumptions utilized in recording obligations under the Company’s plans, which are presented in Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans, are reasonable based on its experience and on advice from its independent actuaries; however, differences in actual experience or changes in the assumptions may materially affect the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Interest and other income (expense), net for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, included the following (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Pension and post-retirement benefit (expense) $ (0.6) $ (3.0) $ (2.6)
Interest income 0.3 1.0 1.6
Other income (expense), net 0.7 0.3 0.9
Interest and other income (expense), net $ 0.4 $ (1.7) $ (0.1)
Income Taxes: The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments are applied in the calculation of tax credits, tax benefits and deductions, and in the calculation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are adjusted to the extent necessary to reflect tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Adjustments may be required to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities due to changes in tax laws and audit adjustments by tax authorities. To the extent adjustments are required in any given period, the adjustments would be included within the tax provision in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 16 - Income Taxes for further discussion.
Discontinued Operations: The Company reports disposal groups as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations when the criteria are met. The Company’s loss from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, included revenues and expenses associated with the Grace Disposal Group in addition to expenses associated with the resolution of liabilities from the Company’s former sugar operations. The results of operations are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations.
Earnings Per Share (“EPS”): Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed and disclosed in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. The Company utilizes the two-class method to compute earnings available to common shareholders. Under the two-class method, earnings are adjusted by accretion amounts to redeemable noncontrolling interests recorded at redemption value. The adjustments represent in-substance dividend distributions to the noncontrolling interest holder as the holder has a contractual right to receive a specified amount upon redemption. As a result, earnings are adjusted to reflect this in-substance distribution that is different from other common shareholders. In addition, the Company allocates net earnings to each class of common stock and participating security as if all of the net earnings for the period had been distributed. The Company's participating securities consist of time-based restricted unit awards that contain a non-forfeitable right to receive dividends and, therefore, are considered to participate in earnings with common shareholders. Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is calculated by dividing net earnings allocated to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net earnings allocable to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, as adjusted for the potential dilutive effect of non-participating share-based awards.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform, establishing ASC Topic 848, and amended the standard thereafter through ASU No. 2021-01 and ASU No. 2022-06 (collectively, "ASC 848"). ASC 848 provides optional practical expedients and exceptions related to the impacts of reference rate reform that affect certain debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. These amendments are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2024. Reference rate reform has not had a material impact on any of the Company's existing contracts, therefore, the Company has not elected to apply any of the optional practical expedients and exceptions under ASC 848 as of the current date. The Company will assess future changes in its contracts and the impact of electing to apply the optional practical expedients and exceptions provided by ASC 848 as they occur, but does not expect their application will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.
3. Real Estate Property, Net and Other Property, Net
Real estate property, net as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, includes the following (in millions):
2022 2021
Land $ 780.0 $ 784.9
Buildings 719.6 709.4
Other property improvements 99.3 93.9
Subtotal 1,598.9 1,588.2
Accumulated depreciation (202.3) (180.5)
Real estate property, net $ 1,396.6 $ 1,407.7
Other property, net, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, was as follows (in millions):
2022 2021
Land $ 0.2 $ 0.3
Buildings 6.4 6.3
Machinery and equipment 4.4 8.3
Water, power and sewer systems 0.5 21.0
Other property improvements - 1.5
Subtotal 11.5 37.4
Accumulated depreciation (9.0) (19.5)
Other property, net $ 2.5 $ 17.9
As noted in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies, the Company may capitalize a portion of interest costs incurred to long-lived assets for developments, major redevelopments and other projects that meet certain criteria. Total interest costs incurred were $22.5 million, $26.5 million, and $30.5 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Capitalized interest costs related to development activities were $0.5 million, $0.3 million, and $0.3 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $29.4 million, $29.2 million and $29.9 million, respectively.
4. Acquisitions and Intangible Assets, Net
Acquisitions in 2022
The Company did not execute any commercial real estate asset acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Acquisitions in 2021
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company acquired two commercial real estate assets for $10.8 million that were accounted for as asset acquisitions. Such acquisitions were structured primarily with funds acquired from involuntary conversions in accordance with Code §1033 from the sale of land on Maui in 2018.
The allocation of purchase price to the aggregate assets acquired in connection with the two commercial real estate acquisitions in 2021 was as follows (in millions):
Fair value of assets acquired
Assets acquired:
Land $ 8.8
Property and improvements 2.0
Total assets acquired $ 10.8
As of the acquisition date, there were no in-place, favorable, or unfavorable leases for the acquired properties.
Intangible assets, net
Real estate intangible assets, net and other intangible assets included in Prepaid expenses and other assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in millions):
2022 2021
In-place leases $ 75.0 $ 124.8
Favorable leases 15.2 29.0
Accumulated amortization of in-place leases (38.8) (81.9)
Accumulated amortization of favorable leases (7.8) (20.3)
Real estate intangible assets, net $ 43.6 $ 51.6
Other intangible assets $ 0.6 $ 3.2
Accumulated amortization of other intangible assets (0.6) (3.2)
Other intangible assets, net $ - $ -
Total intangible asset amortization expense was $8.1 million, $10.7 million, and $13.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Estimated amortization expenses related to intangible assets over the next five years are as follows (in millions):
Estimated
Amortization
2023 $ 7.1
2024 5.8
2025 5.4
2026 3.8
2027 3.6
5. Investments in Affiliates
The Company's investments in affiliates consist principally of equity investments in limited liability companies that operate or develop real estate and joint ventures that engage in materials-related activities and renewable energy. The Company does not have a controlling financial interest, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of these investments and, accordingly, accounts for its investments using the equity method of accounting. Operating results presented in the Company's consolidated statements of operations include the Company's proportionate share of net income (loss) from its equity method investments.
In November 2021, the Company's joint venture projects Kukui`ula Development Company (Hawaii) LLC ("KDCH"), Kukui`ula Web IP LLC, and Lodge IP LLC (collectively, "Kukui`ula") completed the sale of substantially all of their assets to a third party for $183.5 million ("Kukui`ula Transaction"), which resulted in the Company receiving cash distributions of $113.4 million. Subsequent to the Kukui`ula Transaction, the Company and its joint venture partner retained their respective ownership interest in KDCH.
The Company’s carrying value of investments in affiliates totaled $36.9 million and $35.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amounts of the Company’s investment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 that represent undistributed earnings of investments in affiliates was approximately $5.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Dividends and distributions from unconsolidated affiliates totaled $0.8 million in 2022, $148.6 million in 2021, and $6.1 million in 2020. During the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, Income (loss) related to joint ventures was $1.6 million, $17.9 million and $6.8 million, respectively, and return on investment operating cash distributions was $0.7 million, $8.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
A summary of combined assets and liabilities reported by such entities accounted for by the equity method as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows (in millions):
2022 2021
Current assets $ 56.5 $ 65.2
Non-current assets 240.0 203.5
Total assets $ 296.5 $ 268.7
Current liabilities $ 26.3 $ 25
Non-current liabilities 121.1 88.3
Total liabilities $ 147.4 $ 113.3
A summary of combined operating results reported by such entities accounted for by the equity method for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Revenues $ 130.0 $ 231.1 $ 164.2
Operating costs and expenses 118.4 204.1 137.0
Gross Profit (Loss) $ 11.6 $ 27.0 $ 27.2
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations1
$ 1.6 $ (287.9) $ 15.3
Net Income (Loss)1
$ 1.3 $ (288.1) $ 14.9
1Includes earnings from equity method investments held by the investee.
Investments in affiliates net income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021, was primarily related to the net loss incurred by the joint venture as a result of the aforementioned Kukui`ula transaction in which the carrying value of the net assets sold exceeded the net sales proceeds. In connection with the Kukui`ula transaction, the Company recognized income related to joint ventures of $5.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2021, reflecting a basis difference that was derived from an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $186.8 million recorded by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2018.
6. Allowances and Other Reserves
The Company reduces recorded amounts for accounts receivable and other financial assets by various allowances and reserve accounts. Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASC 326 and certain amounts previously recorded in the allowance for doubtful accounts or in other allowances for financing receivables were reclassified to an allowance for credit losses.
The following table presents the balances and activity (including reclassifications) in the various allowance and reserve accounts related to the Company's accounts receivable and financial assets for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, (in millions):
Balance at beginning of year Impact of adoption of ASC 3261
Impact of adoption of ASC 3262
Additions/(Reductions)3
Deductions or other4
Balance at end of year
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted from assets
Reserve for cash basis tenants $ 11.1 $ - $ - $ (1.2) $ (3.0) $ 6.9
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 0.8 - - 0.2 1.4 $ 2.4
Allowance for credit losses - financing receivables $ 2.5 - - 0.2 - $ 2.7
Year ended December 31, 2021
Deducted from assets
Reserve for cash basis tenants $ 12.7 $ - $ - $ (1.3) $ (0.3) $ 11.1
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 2.6 - - (1.7) (0.1) $ 0.8
Allowance for credit losses - financing receivables $ 3.9 - - (1.4) - $ 2.5
Year ended December 31, 2020
Deducted from assets
Reserve for cash basis tenants $ 0.9 - - 10.6 1.2 $ 12.7
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 0.6 (0.3) - 3.6 (1.3) $ 2.6
Allowance for credit losses - financing receivables $ - 1.6 2.7 (0.4) - $ 3.9
Loans allowance $ 1.6 (1.6) - - - $ -
Other reserves $ 0.4 - - - (0.4) $ -
1 Reclassifications from other reserves or allowances that fall into the scope of ASC 326.
2 Impact of adoption of ASC 326 recorded against total equity.
3 Net provisions charged against income.
4 Write-offs or other activity (e.g., reclassifications for movement of allowances to cash basis reserves).
Refer to Note 12 - Leases - The Company as a Lessor for discussion on current period charges related to the Company's assessment of collectability on amounts due under leases. Note that under ASC 842, such charges and reserve activity reflect a reversal of the revenue and receivable balance originally recorded.
The allowance for credit losses for financing receivables at December 31, 2022, related to two assets that originated as part of transactions in the Land Operations segment. The credit quality of the Company's financing receivables is monitored each reporting period on an individual asset basis using specific information on the counterparties in these transactions. The first originated in 2008 and had an amortized cost basis of $1.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Based on individual credit quality indicators of the counterparty as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the most likely outcome of expected cash flows for the asset in a range of possible outcomes (i.e., the single best estimate) was zero and, as a result, the Company recorded a full allowance for credit losses for the financing receivable as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The second financing receivable within Land Operations was generated in 2017 and had an amortized cost basis of $2.5 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This financing receivable was evaluated based on the credit quality indicators of the counterparty (as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions that are relevant to determining the expected collectability of the receivable) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the estimated allowance for credit losses was calculated using a discounted cash flow approach.
For allowance for credit losses estimated using the discounted cash flow approach, changes in present value attributable to the passage of time are reported as an adjustment to credit loss expense. As a result, the provision for expected credit losses in any given period may be impacted by changes in expected credit losses on future payments or current period collections for receivables on which allowances were recorded in previous periods, both of which may be further impacted or offset by changes in present value attributable to the passage of time.
7. Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company records its interest rate swaps at fair value. The fair values of the Company's interest rate swaps are classified as Level 2 measurements in the fair value hierarchy and are based on the estimated amounts that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the contracts at the reporting date and are determined using interest rate pricing models and interest rate related observable inputs (refer to Note 9 - Derivative Instruments for fair value information regarding the Company's derivative instruments).
The following tables present the fair value of those assets and (liabilities) measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, (in millions):
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheet Location Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Derivative financial instruments - interest rate swaps Prepaid expenses and other assets $ 5.5 $ - $ 5.5 $ -
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments - interest rate swaps Accrued and other liabilities $ (2.8) $ - $ (2.8) $ -
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2021
Consolidated Balance Sheet Location Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments - interest rate swaps Accrued and other liabilities $ (2.2) $ - $ (2.2) $ -
Non-Recurring Fair Value
Certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment. The Company’s process for identifying and recording impairment is discussed in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets Held and Used and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets: During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $5.0 million related to parcels of conservation and agriculture zoned land on Oahu. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges of $26.1 million related to Grace Pacific's paving and roadway solutions operations, which included $1.8 million related to goodwill impairment of one reporting unit, GPRS (primarily consisting of Grace Pacific’s roadway and maintenance solutions operations). The Company classifies these fair value measurements as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because they involve significant unobservable inputs such as cash flow projections, discount rates, and management assumptions.
Impairment of Assets Held for Sale: As a result of Grace Pacific and the Maui Quarries classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2022, the Company measured the disposal group at its fair value less costs to sell and accordingly recorded impairment of $89.8 million for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The Company classifies these fair value measurements as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because they involve significant unobservable inputs such as cash flow projections, discount rates, and management assumptions.
Impairment of Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliate: The Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates are reviewed for impairment whenever there is evidence that fair value may be below carrying cost. An investment is written down to fair value if fair value is below carrying cost and the impairment is believed to be other-than-temporary. Significant estimates that are highly subjective and with considerable judgment are involved, including the Company's current and future evaluation of general economic and market conditions, estimates regarding the timing and amount of future cash flows, including revenue,
and cost of sales, and appropriate discount rates based on the perceived risks, among others. Changes in these and other assumptions could affect the fair value of the unconsolidated affiliate. The Company classifies these fair value measurements as Level 3.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairments of its investments in affiliates. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company determined that its investment in Maui Paving was other-than-temporarily impaired due to lower paving volumes and persisting, competitive market pressures that negatively affect sales and margins. As a result, the Company estimated the fair value of its investment in Maui Paving using a discounted cash flow model and recorded a non-cash, other-than-temporary impairment of $2.9 million.
The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the impairment of long-lived assets held and used and assets held for sale, net for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, (in millions):
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Effective Date Fair Value Impairment Loss Valuation Technique/ Unobservable Inputs Weighted Average Discount Rate
Assets held for sale, net1,2
December 31, 2022 $ 50.0 $ 89.8 Indicative bids N/A
Long-lived assets3
December 31, 2022 - 5.0 Discounted cash flows 16%
Market comparables N/A
Total $ 50.0 $ 94.8
Long-lived assets1
December 31, 2021 $ 27.3 $ 24.3 Discounted cash flows 13%
Goodwill1
December 31, 2021 - 1.8 N/A N/A
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate1
December 31, 2021 2.1 2.9 Discounted cash flows 13%
Total $ 29.4 $ 29.0
1 Assets or liabilities are presented in Assets held for sale or Liabilities associated with assets held for sale, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Impairment loss is presented in Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
2 Assets held for sale of $126.8 million, net of liabilities associated with assets held for sale of $81.0 million, and excluding estimated selling costs of $4.2 million.
3 Included in Real estate property in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Impairment loss is presented in Cost of Land Operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Financial Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value
Financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts and notes receivable, net and notes payable and other debt. The fair value of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, net and short-term borrowings approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of the instruments, which is classified as Level 1 measurement in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of the Company's notes receivable approximated the carrying amount of $1.9 million and $8.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The fair value of these notes is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis in which the Company uses unobservable inputs such as market interest rates determined by the loan-to-value and market capitalization rates related to the underlying collateral at which management believes similar loans would be made, and is classified as a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy.
At December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the Company's notes payable and other debt was $472.2 million and the corresponding fair value was $449.2 million. At December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of the Company's notes payable and other debt was $530.8 million and the corresponding fair value was $554.7 million. The fair value of debt is calculated by discounting the future cash flows of the debt at rates based on instruments with similar risk, terms and maturities as compared to the Company's existing debt arrangements, and is classified as a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy.
8. Notes Payable and Other Debt
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, Notes payable and other debt consisted of the following (in millions):
Principal Outstanding
Debt Interest Rate (%) Maturity Date December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Secured:
Laulani Village 3.93% 2024 $ 59.0 $ 60.2
Pearl Highlands 4.15% 2024 77.3 79.4
Photovoltaic Financing (1) 2027 2.6 -
Manoa Marketplace (2) 2029 54.5 56.3
Subtotal $ 193.4 $ 195.9
Unsecured:
Series A Note 5.53% 2024 14.2 21.3
Series J Note 4.66% 2025 10.0 10.0
Series B Note 5.55% 2026 36.0 45.0
Series C Note 5.56% 2026 11.0 13.0
Series F Note 4.35% 2026 15.2 15.2
Series H Note 4.04% 2026 50.0 50.0
Series K Note 4.81% 2027 34.5 34.5
Series G Note 3.88% 2027 28.1 28.1
Series L Note 4.89% 2028 18.0 18.0
Series I Note 4.16% 2028 25.0 25.0
Term Loan 5 4.30% 2029 25.0 25.0
Subtotal $ 267.0 $ 285.1
Revolving Credit Facilities:
A&B Revolver (3) 2025 12.0 50.0
Subtotal $ 12.0 $ 50.0
Total debt (contractual) $ 472.4 $ 531.0
Unamortized debt issuance costs (0.2) (0.2)
Total debt (carrying value) $ 472.2 $ 530.8
(1) Financing lease has a discount rate of 4.14%.
(2) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.35%, but is swapped through maturity to a 3.14% fixed rate.
(3) Loan has a stated interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.05% based on pricing grid. $50.0 million was swapped through June 2022 to a 2.40% fixed rate.
The Company's notes payable and other debt is categorized between debt instruments secured by real estate improved properties or other assets ("Secured Debt"), unsecured notes payable and other term loans ("Unsecured Debt") and borrowings under revolving credit facilities ("Revolving Credit Facilities") which includes the existing revolving credit facility used for general Company purposes ("A&B Revolver").
On March 5, 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority announced a timeline for the phase-out of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). The Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency subsequently issued a joint statement saying that banks should stop entering into new contracts with LIBOR as soon as possible but at least by December 31, 2021. As of January 1, 2022, LIBOR can only be used for legacy LIBOR obligations entered into prior to December 31, 2021. In addition, the publication of US dollar LIBOR is expected to cease after June 30, 2023. The Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") and Bloomberg Short Term Bank Yield Index ("BSBY") have been identified as replacements to LIBOR, with the former being recommended by the Federal Reserve-formed Alternative Reference Rates Committee.
Secured Debt
Laulani Village: In connection with asset acquisitions of commercial real estate improved properties made in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company assumed a $62.0 million mortgage secured by Laulani Village that matures on May 1, 2024, and bears interest at 3.93%. The note required monthly interest only payments of approximately $0.2 million until May 2020. Thereafter, the note requires monthly principal and interest payments of approximately $0.3 million and a final principal payment of approximately $57.5 million due on May 1, 2024.
Pearl Highlands: On September 17, 2013, the Company consummated the acquisition of Pearl Highlands Center in Pearl City, Oahu. In connection with the acquisition, the Company assumed a $59.3 million mortgage loan secured by Pearl Highlands Center. On December 1, 2014, the loan was refinanced to increase the amount of the loan to $92.0 million (bearing interest at 4.15%). The refinanced loan requires monthly principal and interest payments of approximately $0.4 million and a final principal payment of approximately $73.0 million due on December 8, 2024.
Manoa Marketplace: In 2016, the Company, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into a $60.0 million mortgage loan agreement secured by Manoa Marketplace with First Hawaiian Bank ("FHB"). The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.35% and requires principal and interest payments over the term with a final principal payment of $41.7 million due on August 1, 2029. The Company had previously entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount equal to the principal amount on the debt to fix the variable interest rate on the related periodic interest payments at an effective rate of 3.14% (refer to Note 9 - Derivative Instruments).
Assets Pledged as Collateral: The gross book value of the commercial real estate assets pledged as collateral described above at December 31, 2022, was $360.1 million.
Unsecured Debt
Prudential Series Notes: In December 2015, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Prudential Agreement") with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, "Prudential") for an unsecured note purchase and private shelf facility that enabled the Company to issue notes in an aggregate amount up to $450.0 million, less the sum of all principal amounts then outstanding on any notes issued by the Company or any of its subsidiaries to Prudential and the amounts of any notes that are committed under the Prudential Agreement. The Prudential Agreement (which amended and renewed a then-existing agreement) had an issuance period that ended in December 2018 and contained certain restrictive covenants for the notes issued under the Prudential Agreement that were substantially the same as the covenants contained in the Historical Revolving Credit Facility (defined below). Borrowings under the uncommitted shelf facility bear interest at rates that were determined at the time of borrowing.
Bank Syndicated Loan: In February 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo") and a syndicate of other financial institutions that provided for a $50.0 million term loan facility ("Wells Fargo Term Facility" or "Bank Syndicated Loan"). The Company also drew $50.0 million under the Wells Fargo Term Facility in February 2018 and used such term loan proceeds to repay amounts that were borrowed under revolving credit facilities described below. Borrowings under the Wells Fargo Term Facility bore interest at a variable base rate (LIBOR), as defined, plus a margin determined using a leverage based pricing grid. In February 2020 the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount equal to the principal amount of the debt to fix the variable interest rate (LIBOR) on the related periodic interest payments resulting in an effective rate (subject to changes in the margin based on a pricing grid) of 3.15% as of December 31, 2021 (refer to Note 9 - Derivative Instruments). On August 31, 2021, concurrent with the closing of the 2021 A&B Revolver (discussed in Revolving credit facilities section below), the Company drew $50.0 million on the A&B Revolver and repaid the Bank Syndicated Loan in full, plus accrued interest, and satisfied all obligations thereto. In order to preserve an effective hedging relationship, the Company maintained a $50.0 million draw on the A&B Revolver until June 30, 2022, when the interest rate swap agreement was terminated.
Term Loan 5: In November 2017, the Company entered into a rate lock commitment to draw $25.0 million under its Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC. Under the commitment, the Company drew $25.0 million in December 2017. The note bears interest at 4.30% and matures on December 20, 2029. Interest only is paid semi-annually and the principal balance is due at maturity. On August 31, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with AIG Asset Management to amend certain covenants related to the AIG Private Shelf Facility. All other terms of this agreement remain substantially unchanged.
Revolving credit facility
A&B Revolver: In August 2021, the Company entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("2021 A&B Revolver") with Bank of America N.A., as administrative agent, First Hawaiian Bank, KeyBank National Association, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and other lenders party thereto, which amended and restated the Company's existing $450.0 million committed under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("2017 A&B Revolver") with Bank of America N.A., as administrative agent, First Hawaiian Bank, and other lenders party thereto. The 2021 A&B Revolver increased the total revolving commitments to $500.0 million, extended the term of the facility from September 15, 2022, to August 29, 2025, and includes two six-month extension options. In addition, the 2021 A&B Revolver amended certain covenants (see below) and reduced the interest rates and fees charged under the financials-based pricing grid of the 2017 A&B Revolver.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had $12.0 million of revolving credit borrowings outstanding, $1.1 million in letters of credit had been issued against the facility, and $486.9 million remained available.
Covenants under 2021 A&B Revolver, Prudential Series Notes, and Term Loan 5 (subsequent to amendments)
The principal amendments under the 2021 A&B Revolver, the Prudential Amendment, and the AIG Amendment are as follows:
•An increase in the maximum ratio of secured debt to total adjusted asset value from 0.25:1.00 to 0.40:1.00.
•Establishes the minimum shareholders' equity amount to be $865.6 million plus 75% percent of the net proceeds received from equity issuances after June 30, 2021.
•Modification of the minimum unencumbered fixed charge coverage ratio to an unencumbered interest coverage ratio and increases the ratio from 1.50:1.00 to 1.75:1.00.
Debt principal payments
At December 31, 2022, debt principal payments and maturities during the next five years and thereafter and the corresponding amount of unamortized deferred financing costs or debt discounts or premiums were as follows (in millions):
Scheduled Principal Payments
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total Principal (Unamort
Debt Issue Cost)/
(Discount)
Premium Total
Secured debt $ 5.4 $ 134.9 $ 2.1 $ 2.2 $ 3.8 $ 45.0 $ 193.4 $ - $ 193.4
Unsecured debt 29.6 27.0 38.3 67.0 37.1 68.0 267.0 (0.2) 266.8
Revolving credit facilities - - 12.0 - - - 12.0 - 12.0
Total Notes payable and other debt $ 35.0 $ 161.9 $ 52.4 $ 69.2 $ 40.9 $ 113.0 $ 472.4 $ (0.2) $ 472.2
9. Derivative Instruments
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk related to its variable-rate debt. The Company balances its cost of debt and exposure to interest rates primarily through its mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. From time to time, the Company may use interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate risk.
Cash flow hedges of interest rate risk
In October 2022, the Company entered into two forward starting interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts of $57.0 million and $73.0 million in order to hedge interest rate fluctuations related to $130 million of financing. The Company accounted for the agreements as cash flow hedges.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had three interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges, two of which were forward interest rate swap agreements. As of December 31, 2021, there were two interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges, neither of which were forward interest rate swap agreements. The key terms of the agreements are as follows (dollars in millions):
Effective Maturity Fixed Interest Notional Amount at Asset (Liability) Fair Value at
Date Date Rate December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
4/7/2016 8/1/2029 3.14% $ 54.5 $ 5.5 $ (1.7)
2/13/2020 2/27/2023 (1) $ - $ - $ (0.5)
Forward Interest Rate Swap Agreements
5/1/2024 12/9/2031 4.88% $ 57.0 $ (1.3) $ -
12/9/2024 12/9/2031 4.83% $ 73.0 $ (1.5) $ -
(1) $50.0 million in notional interest rate swap was terminated on June 30, 2022, resulting in a realized gain of $0.5 million included within Interest and other income (expense), net.
The asset related to the interest rate swap as of December 31, 2022, is presented within Prepaid expenses and other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. The liabilities related to the interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2021 and forward interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2022, are presented within Accrued and other liabilities. The changes in fair value of the cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense as interest is incurred on the related variable-rate debt.
The following table represents the pre-tax effect of the derivative instruments in the Company's consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, (in millions):
2022 2021
Derivatives in Designated Cash Flow Hedging Relationships:
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives $ 4.9 $ 2.3
Impact of reclassification adjustment to interest expense included in Net Income (Loss) $ 0.5 $ 1.6
Realized interest rate hedging gain (loss) $ (0.5) $ -
As of December 31, 2022, the Company expects to reclassify $1.1 million of net gains (losses) on derivative instruments from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings during the next 12 months.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and other financial arrangements
The Company has various financial commitments and other arrangements including standby letters of credit and bonds that are not recorded as liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022:
•Standby letters of credit issued by the Company's lenders under the Company's revolving credit facility totaled $1.1 million as of December 31, 2022. These letters of credit primarily relate to the Company's workers' compensation plans and if drawn upon, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the issuer.
•Bonds related to the Company's real estate activities totaled $18.6 million as of December 31, 2022, and represent commercial bonds issued by third party sureties (permit, subdivision, license and notary bonds). If drawn upon, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the surety that issued the bond for the amount of the bond, reduced for the work completed to date.
•Bonds related to Grace Pacific totaled $300.0 million as of December 31, 2022, and represent the face value of construction bonds issued by third party sureties (bid, performance and payment bonds). If drawn upon, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the surety that issued the bond for the amount of the bond, reduced for the work completed to date. As of December 31, 2022, the Company's maximum remaining exposure, in the event of defaults on all existing contractual construction obligations, was approximately $116.3 million.
The Company also provides certain bond indemnities and guarantees of indebtedness for certain of its unconsolidated affiliates that it accounts for as equity method investments (e.g., real estate joint ventures).
•Bond indemnities are provided for the benefit of the surety in exchange for the issuance of surety bonds and cover joint venture construction activities (such as project amenities, roads, utilities, and other infrastructure). Under such bond indemnities, the Company and the joint venture partners agree to indemnify the surety bond issuer from all losses and expenses arising from the failure of the joint venture to complete the specified bonded construction; the Company may be obligated to complete construction of the joint ventures' construction projects if the joint venture does not perform. The maximum potential amount of aggregate future payments is a function of the amount covered by outstanding bonds at the time of default by the joint venture, reduced by the amount of work completed to date.
•Guarantees of indebtedness may be provided by the Company for the benefit of financial institutions providing credit to unconsolidated equity method investees. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no such arrangements with third party lenders related to its unconsolidated equity method investees and no amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2022.
The recorded amounts of the bond indemnities and guarantee of indebtedness were not material individually or in the aggregate. Other than those described above, obligations of the Company's joint ventures do not have recourse to the Company, and the Company's "at-risk" amounts are limited to its investment.
Legal proceedings and other contingencies
Prior to the sale of approximately 41,000 acres of agricultural land on Maui to Mahi Pono Holdings, LLC ("Mahi Pono") in December 2018, the Company, through East Maui Irrigation Company, LLC ("EMI"), also owned approximately 16,000 acres of watershed lands in East Maui and held four water licenses to approximately 30,000 acres owned by the State of Hawai‘i in East Maui. The sale to Mahi Pono included the sale of a 50% interest in EMI (which closed February 1, 2019), and provided for the Company and Mahi Pono, through EMI, to jointly continue the existing process to secure a long-term lease from the State for delivery of irrigation water to Mahi Pono for use in Central Maui.
The last of these water license agreements expired in 1986, and all four agreements were then extended as revocable permits that were renewed annually. In 2001, a request was made to the State Board of Land and Natural Resources (the "BLNR") to replace these revocable permits with a long-term water lease. Pending the completion by the BLNR of a contested case hearing it ordered to be held on the request for the long-term lease, the BLNR has kept the existing permits on a holdover basis. Three parties (Healoha Carmichael; Lezley Jacintho; and Na Moku Aupuni O Ko‘olau Hui) filed a lawsuit on April 10, 2015, (the "Initial Lawsuit") alleging that the BLNR has been renewing the revocable permits annually rather than keeping them in holdover status. The lawsuit challenged the BLNR’s decision to continue the revocable permits for calendar year 2015 and asked the court to void the revocable permits and to declare that the renewals were illegally issued without preparation of an environmental assessment ("EA"). In December 2015, the BLNR decided to reaffirm its prior decisions to keep the permits in holdover status. This decision by the BLNR was challenged by the three parties. In January 2016, the court ruled in the Initial Lawsuit that the renewals were not subject to the EA requirement, but that the BLNR lacked legal authority to keep the revocable permits in holdover status beyond one year (the "Initial Ruling"). The Initial Ruling was appealed to the Intermediate Court of Appeals ("ICA") of the State of Hawai‘i.
In May 2016, while the appeal of the Initial Ruling was pending, the Hawai‘i State Legislature passed House Bill 2501, which specified that the BLNR has the legal authority to issue holdover revocable permits for the disposition of water rights for a period not to exceed three years. The governor signed this bill into law as Act 126 in June 2016. Pursuant to Act 126, the annual authorization of the existing holdover permits was sought and granted by the BLNR in December 2016, November 2017 and November 2018 for calendar years 2017, 2018 and 2019. No extension of Act 126 was approved by the Hawai‘i State Legislature in 2019.
In June 2019, the ICA vacated the Initial Ruling, effectively reversing the determination that the BLNR lacked authority to keep the revocable permits in holdover status beyond one year (the "ICA Ruling"). The ICA remanded the case back to the trial court to determine whether the holdover status of the permits was both (a) "temporary" and (b) in the best interest of the State, as required by statute. The plaintiffs filed a motion with the ICA for reconsideration of its decision, which was denied on July 5, 2019. On September 30, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a request with the Supreme Court of Hawai‘i to review
and reverse the ICA Ruling. On November 25, 2019, the Supreme Court of Hawai‘i granted the plaintiffs' request to review the ICA Ruling and, on May 5, 2020, oral argument was held.
On October 11, 2019, the BLNR took up the renewal of all the existing water revocable permits in the state, acting under the ICA Ruling, and approved the continuation of the four East Maui water revocable permits for another one-year period through December 31, 2020. On November 13, 2020, the BLNR approved another renewal of such permits through December 31, 2021.
On March 2, 2022, the Supreme Court of Hawai’i vacated the ICA’s ruling relating to the BLNR's decision to continue the revocable permits for the calendar year 2015, holding that Hawaii Revised Statutes Chapter 343 (the Hawaii Environmental Policy Act) did apply to the permits. The court remanded the matter back to the Circuit Court to determine if any exceptions would apply and, if not, how HRS Chapter 343 should be applied in light of the steps taken by A&B/EMI toward the long-term water lease. The Supreme Court of Hawai’i also determined that the BLNR had the statutory authority to continue the permits for more than one year, but required BLNR to make findings of fact and conclusions of law determining that the action would serve the best interests of the State. A&B/EMI will continue to defend against the plaintiffs’ claims on remand.
In a separate matter, on December 7, 2018, a contested case request filed by the Sierra Club (contesting the BLNR's November 2018 approval of the 2019 revocable permits) was denied by the BLNR. On January 7, 2019, the Sierra Club filed a lawsuit in the circuit court of the first circuit in Hawai‘i against BLNR, A&B and EMI, seeking to invalidate the 2019 and 2020 holdovers of the revocable permits for, among other things, failure to perform an EA. The lawsuit also sought to enjoin A&B/EMI from diverting more than 25 million gallons a day until a permit or lease is properly issued by the BLNR, and for the imposition of certain conditions on the revocable permits by the BLNR. The count seeking to invalidate the revocable permits based on the failure to perform an EA was dismissed by the court, based on the ICA Ruling in the Initial Lawsuit. The Sierra Club’s lawsuit was amended to include a challenge to the BLNR’s renewal of the revocable permits for calendar year 2020. After a full trial on the merits held beginning in August of 2020, the court ruled, on April 6, 2021, against the Sierra Club on its lawsuit challenging the 2019 and 2020 revocable permits. On February 17, 2022, the Sierra Club filed its notice of appeal challenging the decision on the August 2020 trial. The court separately considered a lawsuit filed by the Sierra Club appealing the BLNR’s decision to deny it a contested case hearing on the 2021 revocable permits, which were granted by the BLNR on or about November 13, 2020. In that case, on May 28, 2021, the court issued an interim decision that the Sierra Club’s due process rights were violated, ordered the BLNR to hold a contested case hearing on the 2021 permits, and that the permits would be vacated. On July 30, 2021, the court modified its ruling to say that the permits would not be invalidated, but left in place pending the outcome of the contested case hearing. The contested case hearing was held by the BLNR in December 2021 to address the continuation of the revocable permits for both calendar years 2021 and 2022 and BLNR issued a decision on June 30, 2022. On December 27, 2021, while BLNR’s decision in the contested case hearing was pending, the court further modified its ruling to allow the permits to remain in place until the earlier of May 1, 2022, the date on which the BLNR renders a substantive decision on the continuation of the permits for calendar year 2022, or further order of the court. On April 26, 2022, the court orally granted an extension of the May 1, 2022 deadline to the earlier of June 15, 2022, or the date on which the BLNR renders a substantive decision on the continuation of the permits for calendar year 2022, or as may be further ordered by the court. On June 1, 2022, the court granted an extension of the June 15, 2022 deadline to the earlier of July 15, 2022 or the date on which the BLNR renders a substantive decision on the continuation of the permits for calendar year 2022 or as may be further ordered by the court. On June 30, 2022, the BLNR issued its final decision on the contested case hearing on the permits for calendar years 2021 and 2022, approving the continuation of the permits through the end of calendar year 2022. The Sierra Club has filed a notice of appeal of that decision to the Circuit Court of the First Circuit in Hawai‘i. The Company and the BLNR also appealed the court’s determination that the Sierra Club was entitled to a contested case hearing on the 2021 revocable permits.
On November 10, 2022, the BLNR voted to continue the revocable permits for calendar year 2023 and, at that same meeting, denied the Sierra Club’s oral request for a contested case hearing. The Sierra Club subsequently submitted a written request to the BLNR for a contested case hearing on the continuation of the revocable permits, which the BLNR denied on December 9, 2022. On November 29, 2022, the Sierra Club filed an appeal of BLNR’s decisions to deny its oral request for a contested case hearing and to continue the revocable permits for 2023 and on December 15, 2022, the Sierra Club amended its appeal to also challenge the BLNR’s denial of its written request for a contested case hearing. The BLNR’s decision to continue the permits through the end of calendar year 2023 will stand unless overturned on appeal or the Sierra Club obtains a preliminary injunction to prevent the decision from remaining in place.
In connection with A&B’s obligation to continue the existing process to secure a long-term water lease from the State, A&B and EMI will defend against the remaining claims made by the Sierra Club.
In addition to the litigation described above, the Company is a party to, or may be contingently liable in connection with, other legal actions arising in the normal conduct of its businesses. While the outcomes of such litigation and claims cannot
be predicted with certainty, in the opinion of management after consultation with counsel, the reasonably possible losses would not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements as a whole.
Further note that certain of the Company's properties and assets may become the subject of other types of claims and assessments at various times (e.g., environmental matters based on normal operations of such assets). Depending on the facts and circumstances surrounding such potential claims and assessments, the Company records an accrual if it is deemed probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated/valued as of the date of the financial statements.
11. Revenue and Contract Balances
The Company generates revenue through its Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations segments. Through its Commercial Real Estate segment, the Company owns and operates a portfolio of commercial real estate properties and generates income (i.e., revenue) as a lessor through leases of such assets. Refer to Note 12 - Leases - The Company as a Lessor for further discussion of lessor income recognition. The Land Operations segment generates revenue from contracts with customers. The Company further disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by revenue type when appropriate if the Company believes disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company's revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenue by type for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Revenues:
Commercial Real Estate $ 187.2 $ 174.1 $ 151.6
Land Operations:
Development sales revenue 8.1 16.0 7.9
Unimproved/other property sales revenue 19.9 41.3 9.7
Other operating revenue 15.3 22.6 21.1
Land Operations 43.3 79.9 38.7
Total revenues $ 230.5 $ 254.0 $ 190.3
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Generally, unearned project-related costs will be earned over the next twelve months.
The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):
2022 2021
Accounts receivable $ 8.6 $ 3.0
Allowances (credit losses and doubtful accounts) (2.5) (0.8)
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses and allowance for doubtful accounts $ 6.1 $ 2.2
Variable consideration1
$ 62.0 $ 62.0
Other deferred revenue $ 6.8 $ 6.3
1 Variable consideration deferred as of the end of the periods related to amounts received in the sale of agricultural land on Maui in 2018 that, under revenue recognition guidance, could not be included in the transaction price.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not recognize any revenue related to the Company's contract liabilities reported as of December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $0.9 million related to the Company's contract liabilities reported as of December 31, 2020.
On December 17, 2018, A&B entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement and Escrow Instructions (the "PSA") with Mahi Pono (the "Buyer") related to the sale of agricultural land on Maui. In connection with the sale, the Company deferred approximately $62.0 million of revenue related to certain performance obligations involving securing adequate water to support the Buyer's agricultural plans for the land, through an agreement with the State of Hawai‘i to provide rights to access state water for agricultural irrigation (“State Water Lease”), as well as ensuring that the Buyer has continued access to water prior to the issuance of the State Water Lease. Under the terms of the PSA, the Company may be required to remit amounts up to $62.0 million to the Buyer to the extent performance obligations are not met (recorded as deferred revenue of $62.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021).
Regarding other information related to the Company's contracts with customers, the amount of revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods (e.g., due to changes in transaction price) was not material in any of the periods presented.
12. Leases - The Company as a Lessor
The Company leases real estate property to tenants under operating leases. Such activity is primarily composed of operating leases within its CRE segment.
As a result of the coronavirus pandemic ("COVID-19"), the Company provided certain of its tenants rent relief arrangements during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, which typically consisted of rent deferrals or other relief modifications that resulted in changes to fixed contractual lease payments for specified months. Consistent with lease accounting guidance and interpretations provided by the FASB for rent relief arrangements specifically related to COVID-19, the Company elected to treat such eligible lease concessions (i.e., such rent deferrals, fixed-to-variable modifications or payment forgiveness arrangements that do not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or obligations of the lessee) outside of the lease accounting modification framework.
For such eligible rent deferrals, the Company accounts for the event as if no changes to the lease contract were made and continues to record lease receivables and recognize income during the deferral period. For the eligible other relief modifications mentioned above that resulted in reductions to fixed contractual lease payments the Company reports, for periods covered by the modification, reduced rental income (i.e., revenue) equal to the agreed-upon amounts (offset by any variable lease payments). The Company assesses collectability on all such amounts due under leases and only recognizes revenue to the extent such amounts are probable of collection (or payment is received).
The historical cost of, and accumulated depreciation on, leased property as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, was as follows (in millions):
2022 2021
Leased property - real estate $ 1,572.0 $ 1,562.8
Less accumulated depreciation (201.8) (182.1)
Property under operating leases - net $ 1,370.2 $ 1,380.7
Total rental income (i.e., revenue) under these operating leases relating to lease payments and variable lease payments were as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Lease payments $ 130.8 $ 122.7 $ 99.1
Variable lease payments 59.3 55.8 53.3
Total rental income $ 190.1 $ 178.5 $ 152.4
Contractual future lease payments to be received on non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2022, were as follows (in millions):
2023 $ 124.5
2024 113.5
2025 96.6
2026 83.9
2027 73.0
Thereafter 554.6
Total future lease payments to be received $ 1,046.1
13. Leases - The Company as a Lessee
Principal non-cancelable operating leases include land and office space that have lease terms that expire through 2031. Management expects that in the normal course of business, most operating leases will be renewed or replaced by other similar leases. The Company has equipment under a finance lease with a lease term that expires through 2027.
Lease expense for operating leases that provide for future escalations are accounted for on a straight-line basis. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, lease expense under operating and finance leases was as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Lease cost - operating and finance leases:
Operating lease cost $ 2.7 $ 2.5 $ 2.5
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets 0.1 - -
Total lease cost - operating and finance leases $ 2.8 $ 2.5 $ 2.5
Other amounts relating to leases segregated between those for finance and operating leases include the following for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 2.7 $ 2.5 $ 2.4
Operating cash outflows from financing leases $ - $ - $ -
Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 0.1 $ - $ -
Other details:
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) - operating leases 3.0 3.7 4.6
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) - finance leases 4.8 0.0 0.0
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases 4.2 % 4.4 % 4.4 %
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases 4.1 % - % - %
Future lease payments under non-cancelable operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2022, were as follows (in millions):
Operating Leases Finance Leases
2023 $ 2.6 $ 0.2
2024 2.1 0.2
2025 0.7 0.2
2026 0.6 0.2
2027 0.2 1.8
Thereafter 0.4 -
Total lease payments $ 6.6 $ 2.6
Less: Interest (1.7) -
Total lease liabilities $ 4.9 $ 2.6
ROU assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases are presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets. Information for finance leases as of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows (in millions):
Consolidated Balance Sheet Location 2022 2021
Assets
ROU assets Real estate property, net $ 2.6 $ -
Liabilities
Lease liabilities Notes payable and other debt $ 2.6 $ -
14. Share-based Payment Awards
On April 26, 2022, shareholders approved the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. 2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan ("2022 Plan"). The 2022 Plan serves as the successor to the 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan ("2012 Plan") and allows for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, and other awards. The 2012 Plan allowed for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, and restricted stock units, including an automatic grant program for non-employee directors. All awards outstanding under the 2012 Plan remain subject to the terms of the 2012 Plan. Effective April 26, 2022, no additional shares will be issued under the 2012 Plan. The shares of common stock authorized to be issued under the 2022 Plan are to be drawn from the shares of the Company's authorized but unissued common stock or from shares of its common stock that the Company acquired, including shares purchased on the open market or private transactions.
The 2022 Plan allows for the granting of up to 3.2 million shares in the form of stock options, restricted stock units or common stock, subject to adjustment for shares under the 2022 Plan or 2012 Plan that expire or are forfeited, cancelled, or terminated for any reason prior to the issuance of the shares. This includes 2.5 million new shares and 0.7 million shares that carried over from the 2012 Plan. As of December 31, 2022, there were 3.4 million remaining shares available for future grants.
Under the 2022 Plan and the 2012 Plan, shares of common stock or restricted stock units may be granted as time-based awards or market-based performance awards.
At each annual shareholder meeting, non-employee directors will receive an award of restricted stock units that entitle the holder to an equivalent number of shares of common stock upon vesting.
The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2022, (in thousands, except weighted-average grant-date fair value amounts):
Restricted
Stock Units Weighted-
Average
Grant-date
Fair Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2022 677.7 $ 21.26
Granted 306.3 $ 25.56
Vested (305.1) $ 24.30
Canceled (116.5) $ 21.84
Outstanding, December 31, 2022 562.4 $ 21.83
The time-based restricted stock units granted to employees vest ratably over a period of three years. The time-based restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors vest over a one-year period. The market-based performance share units cliff vest over three years, provided that the total shareholder return of the Company's common stock over the relevant period meets or exceeds pre-defined levels of total shareholder returns relative to indices, as defined.
As of December 31, 2022, there was $5.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units granted under the 2022 plan; that cost is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
The fair value of the Company's time-based awards is determined using the Company's stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of the Company's market-based awards is estimated using the Company's stock price on the date of grant and the probability of vesting using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following weighted-average assumptions:
2022 Grants 2021 Grants 2020 Grants
Volatility of A&B common stock 47.7 % 47.2 % 22.6 %
Average volatility of peer companies 51.1 % 51.1 % 22.5 %
Risk-free interest rate 1.4 % 0.2 % 1.3 %
The weighted-average grant date fair value of the time-based restricted units and market-based performance share units granted in 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $25.56, $16.63, and $22.01, respectively. No compensation cost is recognized for actual forfeitures of time-based or market-based awards if an employee is terminated prior to rendering the requisite service period. There was no tax benefit realized upon vesting for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
The Company recognizes compensation cost net of actual forfeitures of time-based or market-based awards. A summary of compensation cost related to share-based payments is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Share-based expense:
Time-based and market-based restricted stock units $ 4.9 $ 5.9 $ 5.8
Total share-based expense 4.9 5.9 5.8
Total recognized tax benefit - - -
Share-based expense (net of tax) $ 4.9 $ 5.9 $ 5.8
Cash received upon option exercise $ - $ 1.4 $ 3.5
Intrinsic value of options exercised $ - $ 0.6 $ 0.5
Tax benefit realized upon option exercise $ - $ - $ -
Fair value of stock vested $ 5.6 $ 5.4 $ 3.0
15. Employee Benefit Plans
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed the termination of its funded single-employer defined benefit pension plans that covered certain non-bargaining unit employees and bargaining unit employees of the Company (see Pension Plan Termination below), and transferred the life insurance benefits for retirees as of June 30, 2022, to an insurance company. The Company continues to maintain its plans that provide retiree health care and the remaining life insurance benefits to certain salaried and hourly employees. Employees are generally eligible for such benefits upon retirement and completion of a specified number of years of service. The Company does not pre-fund these health care and life insurance benefits and has the right to modify or terminate certain of these plans in the future. Certain groups of retirees pay a portion of the benefit costs.
Pension Plan Termination: On February 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to effect the termination of the A&B Retirement Plan for Salaried Employees of Alexander & Baldwin, LLC and the Pension Plan for Employees of A&B Agricultural Companies (collectively, the “Defined Benefit Plans”), which became effective on May 31, 2021. On June 30, 2022, the Company completed the termination of the Defined Benefit Plans by meeting the following criteria: (1) an irrevocable action to terminate the Defined Benefit Plans had occurred, (2) the Company was relieved of the primary responsibility of the Defined Benefit Plans, and (3) the significant risks related to the obligations of the Defined Benefit Plans and the assets used to effect the settlement was eliminated for the Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company made cash contributions of $28.7 million to defined benefit plans, and in connection with the Defined Benefit Plans termination process, recorded a pre-tax settlement charge of $76.9 million within Pension termination in the consolidated statements of operations, which represents the acceleration of deferred charges previously included within accumulated other comprehensive loss and the impact of remeasuring the plan assets and obligations at termination. In addition, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $18.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, to reclassify the tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss upon completion of the termination of the Defined Benefit Plans.
Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status of the Plans: The measurement date for the Company’s benefit plan disclosures is December 31 of each year. The status of the funded defined benefit pension plan and the unfunded accumulated post-retirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and are shown below (in millions):
Pension Benefits Other Post-retirement Benefits Non-qualified Plan Benefits
2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 227.2 $ 218.7 $ 12.6 $ 13.5 $ 3.1 $ 3.1
Service cost 1.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 - -
Interest cost 0.7 5.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 -
Plan participants’ contributions - - 0.6 0.7 - -
Actuarial (gain) loss (44.5) 17.2 (2.2) (0.6) (0.6) -
Benefits paid (13.9) (15.0) (1.2) (1.4) - -
Settlement (170.9) - (2.2) - (0.6) -
Benefit obligation at end of year $ - $ 227.2 $ 8.1 $ 12.6 $ 2.0 $ 3.1
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 186.6 $ 200.6 $ - $ - $ - $ -
Actual return on plan assets (27.1) (5.7) - - - -
Employer contributions 25.3 6.7 2.8 0.7 0.6 -
Participant contributions - - 0.6 0.7 - -
Benefits paid (13.9) (15.0) (1.2) (1.4) - -
Settlement (170.9) - (2.2) - (0.6) -
Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ - $ 186.6 $ - $ - $ - $ -
Funded Status (Recognized Liability1)
$ - $ (40.6) $ (8.1) $ (12.6) $ (2.0) $ (3.1)
1 Presented as Accrued pension and post-retirement benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Defined benefit pension plan actuarial losses in the changes in benefit obligations for 2021 resulted primarily from reflecting a lump sum window and transfer of remaining benefit obligations to an insurance company. Defined benefit pension plan actuarial gains in the changes in benefit obligations for 2022 resulted from favorable lump sum election and insurer annuity pricing upon pension termination.
Benefit Plan Assets Investment Policies and Target Asset Allocations: Prior to termination in June 2022, the Company served as the plan sponsor for the defined benefit pension plan and was responsible for the investment and management of the pension plan assets. The Company managed the pension plan assets based upon a liability-driven investment strategy, which sought to increase the correlation of the pension plan assets and liabilities to reduce the volatility of the plan's funded status and, over time, improve the funded status of the plan. As a result, the asset allocation of the defined benefit pension plan was weighted toward fixed income investments, which reduced investment volatility, but also reduced investment returns over time. In connection with the liability-driven investment strategy, the Company appointed an investment adviser to direct investments and select investment options, based on established guidelines. The Company’s weighted-average asset allocation as of December 31, 2021, was as follows:
Fixed income securities1
98 %
Cash and cash equivalents 2 %
Total 100 %
1Fixed income securities include investment-grade corporate bonds from diversified industries and U.S. Treasuries.
Fair Value of Plan Assets: As a result of the pension termination, the Company had no defined benefit pension plan assets as of December 31, 2022, and therefore, no corresponding fair values. The fair values of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan assets as of December 31, 2021, by asset category, were as follows (in millions):
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2021
Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Asset Category
Cash and cash equivalents $ 4.6 $ 4.6 $ -
Assets measured at NAV 182.0 - -
Total $ 186.6 $ 4.6 $ -
The Company’s pension plan assets were held in a master trust and stated at estimated fair value, which was based on the fair values of the underlying investments. Purchases and sales of securities were recorded on a trade-date basis. Interest income was recorded on the accrual basis. Dividends were recorded on the ex-dividend date.
Investments in funds that were measured at fair value using the net asset value ("NAV") per share practical expedient in accordance with ASC 820 are not classified in the fair value hierarchy table above. The NAV was based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund and determined by the investment manager or custodian of the fund. The fair value amounts presented is intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the fair value of plan assets. These investments primarily included other fixed income investments and securities.
Expected Rate-of-Return on Plan Assets: The expected return on plan assets assumption was principally based on the long-term outlook for various asset class returns, asset mix, the historical performance of the plan assets under the liability-driven investment strategy, and a comparison of the estimated long-term return calculated to the distribution of assumptions adopted by other plans with similar asset mixes. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the plan assets experienced a negative return of 14.5% and 2.8%, respectively.
Accumulated Benefit Obligation for Defined Benefit Pension Plans: In 2007, the Company changed the traditional defined benefit pension plan formula for new non-bargaining unit employees hired after January 1, 2008, and, replaced it with a cash balance defined benefit pension plan formula. Subsequently, effective January 1, 2012, the Company changed the benefits under its traditional defined benefit plans for non-bargaining unit employees hired before January 1, 2008, and, replaced the benefit with the same cash balance defined benefit pension plan formula provided to those employees hired after January 1, 2008. Retirement benefits under the cash balance pension plan formula were based on a fixed percentage of eligible compensation, plus interest. The plan interest credit rate varied from year-to-year based on the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company amended the cash balance pension plan such that, effective January 1, 2020, benefit accruals under the cash balance formula ceased and were replaced with a non-elective contribution by the Company into a defined contribution plan. All accumulated benefits under the traditional defined benefit pension plan and the cash balance pension plan will remain credited to employees' accounts under the amendments made in 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company amended the traditional defined benefit pension plan formula for remaining bargaining unit employees to cease accruals effective January 1, 2021.
As a result of the pension termination, the Company had no accumulated benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022. The accumulated benefit obligation for the Company’s qualified pension plans was $227.2 million as of December 31, 2021.
Estimated Benefit Payments: The estimated future benefit payments for the next ten years are as follows (in millions):
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028-2032
Estimated Benefit Payments
Post-retirement Benefits $ 0.6 $ 0.6 $ 0.6 $ 0.6 $ 0.6 $ 2.7
Non-qualified Plan Benefits - 0.5 1.6 - - -
Total $ 0.6 $ 1.1 $ 2.2 $ 0.6 $ 0.6 $ 2.7
Estimated Future Contributions: Contributions are determined annually for each plan by the Company’s pension Administrative Committee, based upon the actuarial-determined minimum required contribution under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, the Pension Protection Act of 2006, and the maximum deductible contribution allowed for tax purposes. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company made contributions of $28.7 million, $7.4 million, and zero to its defined benefit plans, respectively. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute cash to its defined benefit plans so that it meets at least the minimum contribution requirements. With the completion of the pension plan termination in 2022, the Company expects to make no further contributions to the defined benefit pension plans.
Net Benefit Cost Recognized and Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income: Components of the net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the defined benefit pension plans and the post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, are shown below (in millions):
Pension Benefits Other Post-retirement Benefits Non-qualified Plan Benefits
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020
Service cost $ 1.4 $ 1.2 $ 0.8 $ 0.1 $ 0.1 $ 0.1 $ - $ - $ -
Interest cost 0.7 5.1 6.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 - 0.1
Expected return on plan assets (2.6) (5.0) (6.8) - - - - - -
Amortization of net loss 1.7 2.5 2.5 0.1 - (0.1) 0.1 0.1 0.1
Amortization of prior service cost 0.1 - - - - - - - -
Pension termination 76.7 - - 0.1 - - 0.1 - -
Net periodic benefit cost $ 78.0 $ 3.8 $ 3.0 $ 0.7 $ 0.4 $ 0.3 $ 0.3 $ 0.1 $ 0.2
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net gain (loss) $ 14.4 $ (28.0) $ (3.8) $ 2.2 $ 0.6 $ (3.7) $ 0.4 $ - $ (0.2)
Amortization of net loss1
1.7 2.6 2.5 0.1 0.1 (0.1) 0.1 0.1 0.1
Prior service cost - - (0.1) - - - - - -
Amortization of prior service credit1
0.1 - - - - - - - -
Pension termination1
76.7 - - 0.1 - - 0.1 - -
Income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss)1
(18.3) - - (0.1) - - 0.1 - -
Total recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) 74.6 (25.4) (1.4) 2.3 0.7 (3.8) 0.7 0.1 (0.1)
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and Other comprehensive income (loss) $ (3.4) $ (29.2) $ (4.4) $ 1.6 $ 0.3 $ (4.1) $ 0.4 $ - $ (0.3)
1 Represents amortization or recognition of balances previously recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost.
Other components of net periodic benefit costs (other than the service cost component) are recorded in Interest and other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows (in millions):
Pension Benefits Other Post-retirement Benefits Non-qualified Plan Benefits
2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021
Net gain (loss), net of taxes $ - $ (74.5) $ 0.3 $ (2.6) $ - $ (0.7)
Unrecognized prior service credit (cost), net of taxes - (0.1) - - - -
Total Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ - $ (74.6) $ 0.3 $ (2.6) $ - $ (0.7)
Unrecognized gains and losses of the post-retirement benefit plans are amortized over the average future lifetime of inactive participants in excess of a 10% corridor. Although current health costs are expected to increase, the Company attempts to mitigate these increases by maintaining caps on certain of its benefit plans, using lower cost health care plan options where possible, requiring that certain groups of employees pay a portion of their benefit costs, self-insuring for certain insurance plans, encouraging wellness programs for employees, and implementing measures to mitigate future benefit cost increases.
Assumptions in Plan Accounting: The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit information during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:
Pension Benefits Other Post-retirement Benefits Non-qualified Plan Benefits
2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020
Weighted Average Assumptions
Discount rate to determine benefit obligations N/A 2.26% 2.40% 5.41% 2.86% 2.49% 5.24% 1.68% 1.07%
Discount rate to determine net cost N/A 2.39% 3.28% 3.51% 2.48% 3.38% 1.68% 1.07% 2.48%
Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A N/A
0.5%-3.0%
0.5%-3.0%
0.5%-3.0%
N/A N/A N/A
Expected return on plan assets N/A 2.60% 3.70% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Interest crediting rates N/A 2.15% 0.71% N/A N/A N/A 2.15% 2.15% 0.71%
Initial health care cost trend rate N/A N/A N/A 5.90% 5.90% 5.70% N/A N/A N/A
Ultimate rate N/A N/A N/A 4.00% 4.00% 4.50% N/A N/A N/A
Year ultimate rate is reached N/A N/A N/A 2045 2045 2037 N/A N/A N/A
A&B Defined Contribution Plans: The Company sponsors defined contribution plans that qualify under Section 401(k) of the Code and provides matching contributions of up to 3% of eligible compensation. The Company’s matching contributions expensed under these plans totaled $0.6 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company also maintains profit sharing plans and, if a minimum threshold of Company performance is achieved, provides contributions of 1% to 5%, depending upon Company performance above the minimum threshold. There were $0.8 million, $0.7 million and $0.5 million of profit sharing contribution expenses recognized in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
As noted above, during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company amended the cash balance pension plan such that, effective January 1, 2020, benefit accruals under the cash balance formula would cease and would be replaced with a non-elective contribution of 3% of the participant's annual eligible compensation made by the Company into the participant's defined contribution plan. The Company's contribution expensed under this non-elective component of the defined contribution plan totaled $0.7 million, $0.6 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
16. Income Taxes
The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT and operate in a manner that allows us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. The Company's taxable REIT subsidiary ("TRS") filed separately as a C corporation. The Company also files separate income tax returns in various states.
As a REIT, the Company will generally be allowed a deduction for dividends that it pays, and therefore, will not be subject to United States federal corporate income tax on its taxable income that is currently distributed to shareholders. The Company may be subject to certain state gross income and franchise taxes, as well as taxes on any undistributed income and federal and state corporate taxes on any income earned by its TRS.
Distributions with respect to the Company’s common stock can be characterized for federal income tax purposes as ordinary income, capital gains, unrecaptured section 1250 gains, return of capital, or a combination thereof. Taxable distributions paid for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were classified as ordinary income.
The income tax expense (benefit) on income (loss) from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, consisted of the following (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Current:
Federal $ (18.0) $ 0.1 $ (0.1)
State (0.3) (0.1) (0.3)
Current $ (18.3) $ - $ (0.4)
Deferred:
Federal $ - $ - $ -
State - - -
Deferred $ - $ - $ -
Income tax expense (benefit) $ (18.3) $ - $ (0.4)
Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, differs from amounts computed by applying the statutory federal rate to income from continuing operations before income taxes for the following reasons (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Computed federal income tax expense (benefit) $ 3.9 $ 15.8 $ 4.0
State income taxes (1.5) 1.4 (0.4)
Valuation allowance 5.3 (8.0) (0.2)
REIT rate differential (7.8) (9.0) (4.7)
Other non-deductible expense - - 0.6
Share-based compensation (0.1) 0.1 0.2
Effective rate differences between current and deferred taxes 0.4 (0.5) 0.1
Pension termination (18.3) - -
Other, net (0.2) 0.2 -
Income tax expense (benefit) $ (18.3) $ - $ (0.4)
The change in the Company's effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, is primarily due to the termination of the Company's Defined Benefit Plans, impairments incurred in 2021 and 2022, and changes in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets during the year and overall increase in pretax book income for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows (in millions):
2022 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Employee benefits $ 6.3 $ 17.7
Capitalized costs 1.5 1.6
Joint ventures and other investments 6.0 6.4
Impairment and amortization 24.8 1.7
Solar investment benefits 14.9 15.7
Insurance and other reserves 7.2 6.0
Disallowed interest expense 8.9 10.5
Net operating losses 44.1 52.6
Operating lease liability 6.6 1.6
Other 1.0 3.0
Total deferred tax assets $ 121.3 $ 116.8
Valuation allowance (109.8) (109.6)
Total net deferred tax assets $ 11.5 $ 7.2
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property (including tax-deferred gains on real estate transactions) $ 5.0 $ 5.6
Operating lease asset 6.5 1.6
Total deferred tax liabilities $ 11.5 $ 7.2
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) $ - $ -
Federal tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2022, totaled $8.2 million, of which $8.1 million will expire in 2036 and $0.1 million will expire in 2039. State tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2022, totaled $6.7 million and may be carried forward indefinitely under state law. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had gross federal net operating loss carryforwards of $169.2 million ($35.5 million tax-effected) that can be carried forward indefinitely under federal law. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $169.7 million ($8.6 million tax-effected) that can be carried forward indefinitely.
A valuation allowance must be provided if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, based upon consideration of all positive and negative evidence. Sources of evidence include, among other things, a history of pretax earnings or losses, expectations of future results, tax planning opportunities and appropriate tax law.
Due to the recent losses the Company has generated in its TRS, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that its U.S. and state deferred tax assets will not be realized as of December 31, 2022. Therefore, the Company recorded an increase in the valuation allowance of $0.2 million on its net U.S. and state deferred tax assets for the current period. Should the Company determine that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the foreseeable future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets may cause a material increase to income in the period such determination is made. Significant management judgment is required in determining the period in which reversal of a valuation allowance should occur. The net change to the valuation allowance recorded during each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was as follows (in millions):
Balance at Beginning of Year Net Change Balance at End of Year
2022 $ 109.6 $ 0.2 $ 109.8
2021 $ 104.0 $ 5.6 $ 109.6
2020 $ 99.3 $ 4.7 $ 104.0
The Company receives an income tax benefit for exercised stock options calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the stock issued at the time of exercise and the option exercise price, tax-effected. The Company also receives an income tax benefit for restricted stock units when they vest, measured as the fair market value of the stock issued at the time of vesting, tax effected. Due to the Company's valuation allowance in the respective periods, there were no net tax benefits recognized from share-based transactions for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2022, accrued interest and penalties were not material. The Company has not identified any material unrecognized tax positions and as such has no related interest or penalty accruals.
As of December 31, 2022, tax years 2019 and later are open to audit by the tax authorities. The Company does not believe that the result of any potential audits will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
17. Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is calculated by dividing net earnings allocated to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net earnings allocated to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, as adjusted for the potential dilutive effect of non-participating share-based awards, as well as adjusted by the number of additional shares, if any, that would have been outstanding had the potentially dilutive common shares been issued.
The following table provides a reconciliation of income (loss) from continuing operations to net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Income (loss) from continuing operations $ 37.1 $ 75.4 $ 19.3
Distributions and allocations to participating securities (0.2) (0.3) (0.1)
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to A&B shareholders 36.9 75.1 19.2
Income (loss) from discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders (86.6) (39.6) (14.1)
Exclude: Loss (income) attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest (1.1) (0.4) 0.4
Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders $ (50.8) $ 35.1 $ 5.5
The number of shares used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
2022 2021 2020
Denominator for basic EPS - weighted average shares outstanding 72.6 72.5 72.3
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock unit awards 0.2 0.1 0.1
Denominator for diluted EPS - weighted average shares outstanding 72.8 72.6 72.4
There were 0.1 million, zero, and 0.3 million shares of anti-dilutive securities outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 respectively.
18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) principally includes amortization of deferred pension and postretirement costs. The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):
2022 2021
Employee benefit plans:
Pension plans $ - $ (74.6)
Post-retirement plans (0.3) (2.6)
Non-qualified benefit plans - (0.7)
Total employee benefit plans (0.3) (77.9)
Interest rate swap 2.1 (2.8)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ 1.8 $ (80.7)
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in millions, net of tax):
Employee Benefit Plans Interest Rate Swap Total
Balance, January 1, 2020 $ (48.0) $ (0.8) $ (48.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of taxes of $0
(7.7) (6.9) (14.6)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes of $0
2.4 1.0 3.4
Balance, December 31, 2020 $ (53.3) $ (6.7) $ (60.0)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of taxes of $0
(27.4) 2.3 (25.1)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes of $0
2.8 1.6 4.4
Balance, December 31, 2021 $ (77.9) $ (2.8) $ (80.7)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of taxes of $0
17.0 4.9 21.9
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes of $0
78.9 - 78.9
Taxes on other comprehensive income (loss) (18.3) - (18.3)
Balance, December 31, 2022 $ (0.3) $ 2.1 $ 1.8
The reclassifications of other comprehensive income (loss) components out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, were as follows (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Unrealized interest rate hedging gain (loss) $ 4.9 $ 2.3 $ (6.9)
Impact of reclassification adjustment to interest expense included in Net Income (Loss) 0.5 1.6 1.0
Realized interest rate hedging gain (loss) (0.5) - -
Actuarial gain (loss) 17.0 (27.4) (7.7)
Amortization of defined benefit pension items reclassified to net periodic pension cost:
Net loss* 1.9 2.8 2.5
Prior service cost* - - (0.1)
Amortization of prior service credit* 0.1 - -
Pension termination 76.9 - -
Total before income tax $ 100.8 $ (20.7) $ (11.2)
Income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss) (18.3) - -
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax $ 82.5 $ (20.7) $ (11.2)
* This accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) component is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (refer to Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans).
19. Related Party Transactions
Land Operations. The Company provides materials and services to certain unconsolidated investments in affiliates. The Company also recognizes interest earned on a note receivable related to a construction loan secured by a mortgage on real property with one of the Company's joint ventures. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $0.3 million, $4.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively, related to revenues earned from transactions with these affiliates. There were no receivables from service arrangements with these affiliates as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
20. Segment Results
Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available.
The accounting policies of the operating segments are described in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies. The Company measures and evaluates operating segments based on operating profit, exclusive of interest expense, general corporate expenses and income taxes. Revenues related to transactions between reportable segments have been eliminated in consolidation. Transactions between reportable segments are accounted for on the same basis as transactions with unrelated third parties.
Prior to December 31, 2022 the Company operated and reported on three segments: Commercial Real Estate; Land Operations; and Materials & Construction. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company progressed on its simplification efforts related to the divestiture of its materials & construction business. The Grace Disposal Group, which was reclassified as held for sale and discontinued operations for all periods presented, made up the majority of activity in the Company’s former M&C segment. Accordingly, the former M&C segment has been eliminated and the segment information presented herein excludes the results of the Grace Disposal Group for all periods presented. All comparable information for the historical periods has been restated to reflect the impact of these changes. As a result of these changes, the Company now operates and reports on two segments: Commercial Real Estate and Land Operations.
The Commercial Real Estate segment owns, operates and manages a portfolio of retail, industrial and office properties in Hawai‘i totaling 3.9 million square feet of gross leasable area. The Company also leases approximately 140.7 acres of commercial land in Hawai‘i to third-party lessees under ground leases.
The Land Operations segment generates its revenues from real estate development and land sales, income/loss from joint ventures, and other legacy business activities in Hawai‘i. Historically, this segment also generated revenues from the sale of hydroelectric energy until the disposal of McBryde Resources Inc. in the year ended December 31, 2022.
Operating segment information for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is summarized below (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Operating Revenue:
Commercial Real Estate $ 187.2 $ 174.1 $ 151.6
Land Operations1
43.3 79.9 38.7
Total operating revenue 230.5 254.0 190.3
Operating Profit (Loss):
Commercial Real Estate2
81.5 72.6 49.8
Land Operations1,3,4
(1.4) 53.2 18.0
Total operating profit (loss)1
80.1 125.8 67.8
Gain (loss) on disposal of commercial real estate properties, net - 2.8 0.5
Interest expense (22.0) (26.2) (30.2)
Corporate and other expense4
(39.3) (27.0) (19.2)
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes $ 18.8 $ 75.4 $ 18.9
Identifiable Assets:
Commercial Real Estate $ 1,499.9 $ 1,499.5 $ 1,499.9
Land Operations5
112.0 144.5 285.1
Other 48.6 81.1 65.8
Assets Held for Sale 126.8 154.7 185.2
Total assets $ 1,787.3 $ 1,879.8 $ 2,036.0
Capital Expenditures:
Commercial Real Estate6
$ 21.4 $ 39.6 $ 18.8
Land Operations7
0.2 7.4 1.4
Other 0.1 0.2 0.4
Total capital expenditures $ 21.7 $ 47.2 $ 20.6
Depreciation and Amortization:
Commercial Real Estate $ 36.5 $ 37.7 $ 40.1
Land Operations 1.2 1.1 1.5
Other 0.3 0.8 0.9
Total depreciation and amortization $ 38.0 $ 39.6 $ 42.5
1 In 2021, the Company changed the composition of its reportable segments based on how the CODM assesses the Company's performance, which caused reported amounts (i.e., revenue and operating profit) in the historical period to be reclassified from Land Operations to the previous M&C reportable segment, and subsequently to discontinued operations, which reduced Land Operations segment Operating Revenue and Operating Profit (Loss) by $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. In 2022, as a result of the Grace Disposal Group's classification as held for sale and discontinued operations, the Company changed the composition of its reportable segments based on how the CODM assesses the Company's performance, which caused reported amounts (i.e. operating profit) related to one joint venture in the historical period to be reclassified from the former M&C segment to Land Operations, which changed Land Operations Operating Profit (Loss) by $(2.5) million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively and Total operating profit (loss) by $38.3 million and $13.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. All comparable information for the historical periods has been restated to reflect the impact of these changes.
2 Commercial Real Estate segment operating profit (loss) includes intersegment operating revenue, primarily from the Land Operations segment, as well as pension termination charges of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
3 Land Operations segment operating profit (loss) includes $1.6 million, $17.9 million, and $6.8 million of equity in earnings (losses) from the Company's various joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
4 Land Operations segment operating profit (loss) includes pension termination charges of $62.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as a gain on sale of non-core assets, net, of $54.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, related to the McBryde transaction (Note 22 - Sale of Business).
5 The Land Operations segment includes assets related to its investment in various joint ventures. As a result of the change in the composition of the Land Operations segment in 2022, as noted above, total identifiable assets increased $23.4 million and $26.7 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
6 Represents gross capital additions to the commercial real estate portfolio, including gross tax deferred property purchases but excluding the assumption of debt, that are reflected as non-cash transactions in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
7 Excludes expenditures for real estate developments held for sale, which are classified as cash flows from operating activities within the consolidated statements of cash flows, and excludes investment in joint ventures classified as cash flows from investing activities.
21. Long-lived Assets - Disposals
2020 Port Allen solar power facility asset sale
In connection with its strategy to simplify its business, during the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement and consummated the sale of assets related to its solar power facility in Port Allen on Kauai for purchase consideration (measured at the date of disposal) of approximately $17.1 million. As a result, the Company derecognized the carrying value of the net assets of the disposal group and recorded a gain on disposal of approximately $8.9 million which is included in Gain (loss) on disposal of non-core assets, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The disposal was not considered individually significant and does not qualify for presentation and disclosure as a discontinued operation.
22. Sale of Business
On May 31, 2022, the Company entered into Purchase and Sale Agreements with Brue Baukol Capital Partners, an unrelated third party, which resulted in the sale of approximately 18,900 acres of primarily conservation and agricultural land on the island of Kauai and 100% of the Company's ownership interest in McBryde Resources, Inc., the operator of hydroelectric power facilities on Kauai, in exchange for cash proceeds and escrow receivables of $73.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The sale closed on June 30, 2022. In connection with the sale, the Company recognized a net gain of $54.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is presented within Gain (loss) on disposal of non-core assets, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The disposal was not considered individually significant and does not qualify for presentation and disclosure as a discontinued operation.
23. Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
In December 2022, in connection with the evaluation of strategic alternatives to monetize and dispose of Grace Pacific and the Company-owned quarry land on Maui, the Company's Board of Directors authorized Management to complete a sale of the Grace Disposal Group. In conjunction with the Board's authorization, the Company concluded that the plan to dispose of the Grace Disposal Group met the criteria for classification as held for sale and discontinued operations as of December 31, 2022. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities associated with the Grace Disposal Group are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Assets held for sale and Liabilities associated with assets held for sale and the results of operations are presented as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flows. While the ultimate outcome is neither certain nor guaranteed, the Company intends to conduct the respective businesses in the ordinary course in substantially the same manner in which it previously has been conducted until a sale occurs.
The following table summarizes income (loss) from discontinued operations included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in millions):
2022 2021 2020
Revenue $ 171.2 $ 126.2 $ 116.6
Cost of sales1
(153.5) (121.0) (109.3)
Selling, general and administrative (14.5) (15.6) (15.5)
Impairment of assets (89.8) (26.1) (5.6)
Gain (loss) on disposal of non-core assets, net 0.1 0.1 0.2
Operating income (loss) from discontinued operations1
(86.5) (36.4) (13.6)
Income (loss) related to joint ventures (0.4) (0.4) (0.8)
Impairment of equity method investments - (2.9) -
Interest and other income (expense), net 0.5 0.2 0.4
Interest expense (0.2) (0.1) (0.1)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes1
(86.6) (39.6) (14.1)
Income tax benefit (expense) attributable to discontinued operations - - -
Income (loss) from discontinued operations1
(86.6) (39.6) (14.1)
Loss (income) attributable to discontinued noncontrolling interest (1.1) (0.4) 0.4
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to A&B Shareholders1
$ (87.7) $ (40.0) $ (13.7)
1Includes $(0.4) million, $(1.1) million, and $(0.8) million in costs associated with the resolution of liabilities from the Company’s former sugar operations and previously presented in Income (loss) from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The assets and liabilities held for sale included in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows (in millions):
2022 2021
Cash and cash equivalents $ 0.1 $ 4.6
Accounts receivable and retention, net of allowance for credit losses and allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.4 million and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively
30.8 26.7
Inventories 45.0 19.8
Other property, net 67.4 65.7
Operating lease right-of-use assets 31.3 13.2
Prepaid expenses and other assets 42.0 24.7
Less: Impairment recognized on classification as held for sale (89.8) -
Total Assets held for sale $ 126.8 $ 154.7
Notes payable and other debt $ 14.1 $ 2.0
Accounts payable 10.2 6.4
Operating lease liabilities 31.3 12.9
Deferred revenue - 0.2
Accrued and other liabilities 25.4 24.3
Total Liabilities associated with assets held for sale $ 81.0 $ 45.8
As a result of the Grace Disposal Group classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2022, the Company measured the disposal group at its fair value less costs to sell and accordingly recorded impairment of $89.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2022.
Related Party Transactions within Discontinued Operations and Held for Sale: The Company enters into contracts in the ordinary course of business, as a supplier, with affiliate entities that require accounting under the equity method due to the Company's financial interests in such entities and also with affiliate parties that are members in entities in which the Company also is a member and holds a controlling financial interest. Related to the periods during which such relationships existed, revenues earned from transactions with such affiliates were $16.9 million, $9.3 million and $8.6 million for the years ended years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Expenses recognized from transactions with such affiliates were $4.8 million, $1.4 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Receivables from these affiliates were $6.9 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amounts due to these affiliates were $0.4 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
24. Subsequent Events
On February 28, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share of outstanding common stock, payable on April 4, 2023, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 17, 2023.
25. Unaudited Summarized Quarterly Information
The unaudited summarized quarterly information for the fiscal years 2022 and 2021 have been reclassified as a result of the discontinued operations presentation as described in Note 23 - Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations. Unaudited quarterly results for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Revenue $ 59.2 $ 51.1 $ 49.4 $ 70.8
Total operating profit (loss) $ 22.4 $ 11.8 $ 19.0 $ 26.9
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations $ 9.6 $ 5.5 $ 5.8 $ 16.2
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes $ 1.4 $ (1.1) $ 1.0 $ (87.9)
Net income (loss) attributable to A&B shareholders $ 10.5 $ 4.1 $ 6.4 $ (71.6)
Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders $ 10.5 $ 4.0 $ 6.3 $ (71.6)
Earnings (Loss) Per Share Available to A&B Shareholders:
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders $ 0.13 $ 0.08 $ 0.08 $ 0.22
Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders 0.01 (0.02) 0.01 (1.21)
Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders $ 0.14 $ 0.06 $ 0.09 $ (0.99)
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders $ 0.13 $ 0.07 $ 0.08 $ 0.22
Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders 0.01 (0.02) 0.01 (1.21)
Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders $ 0.14 $ 0.05 $ 0.09 $ (0.99)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding:
Basic 72.6 72.7 72.7 72.5
Diluted 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.7
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Revenue $ 57.2 $ 59.5 $ 49.7 $ 87.6
Total operating profit (loss) $ 26.6 $ 28.7 $ 20.8 $ 49.5
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations $ 13.7 $ 16.0 $ 7.8 $ 37.9
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes $ (3.8) $ (3.0) $ (1.3) $ (31.5)
Net income (loss) attributable to A&B shareholders $ 9.9 $ 12.8 $ 6.4 $ 6.3
Net income (loss) available to A&B common shareholders $ 9.9 $ 12.8 $ 6.3 $ 6.1
Earnings (Loss) Per Share Available to A&B Shareholders:
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders $ 0.19 $ 0.22 $ 0.11 $ 0.52
Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders (0.05) (0.04) (0.02) (0.44)
Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders $ 0.14 $ 0.18 $ 0.09 $ 0.08
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock:
Continuing operations available to A&B shareholders $ 0.19 $ 0.22 $ 0.11 $ 0.51
Discontinued operations available to A&B shareholders (0.05) (0.04) (0.02) (0.43)
Net income (loss) available to A&B shareholders $ 0.14 $ 0.18 $ 0.09 $ 0.08
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding:
Basic 72.5 72.5 72.5 72.5
Diluted 72.6 72.6 72.7 72.7

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the Company's fiscal fourth quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. has the responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and includes those policies and procedures that:
•Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company;
•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting only provides reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement presentation and preparation and cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, will be detected. Management does not expect that the Company’s internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Additionally, the design of a control system must consider the benefits of the controls relative to their costs. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2022, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. That report appears below.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated March 1, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Honolulu, Hawai‘i
March 1, 2023

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors
For information about the directors of A&B, see the section captioned “Election of Directors” in A&B’s proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (“A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement”), which section is incorporated herein by reference.
Executive Officers
As of February 15, 2023, the name of each executive officer of A&B (in alphabetical order), age (in parentheses), and present and prior positions with A&B and business experience for the past five years are given below.
Generally, the term of office of executive officers is at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. For a discussion of change in control agreements between A&B and certain of A&B’s executive officers, and the Executive Severance Plan, see the subsections captioned “Other Potential Post-Employment Payments” in A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement, which subsections are incorporated herein by reference.
References within this section to A&B include the Company and Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. prior to the Holding Company Merger, which was completed on November 8, 2017 in order to facilitate the Company's conversion to a REIT. Also, references to “A&B Predecessor” are to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. prior to its separation from Matson, Inc. on June 29, 2012.
Christopher J. Benjamin (59)
Chief Executive Officer of A&B, 1/16-present; President of A&B, 6/12-12/22; Chief Operating Officer of A&B, 6/12-12/15; President of Land Group of A&B Predecessor, 9/11-6/12; President of A & B Properties Inc., 9/11-8/15; Senior Vice President of A&B Predecessor, 7/05-8/11; Chief Financial Officer of A&B Predecessor, 2/04-8/11; Treasurer of A&B Predecessor, 5/06-8/11; Plantation General Manager, Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company, 3/09-3/11; first joined A&B Predecessor in 2001.
Meredith J. Ching (66)
Executive Vice President, External Affairs, of A&B, 3/18-present; Senior Vice President, External Affairs, of A&B, 6/12-3/18; Senior Vice President, Government & Community Relations, of A&B Predecessor, 6/07-6/12; first joined A&B Predecessor in 1982.
Clayton K. Y. Chun (45)
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of A&B, 12/22-present; Senior Vice President of A&B, 2/19-11/22; Chief Accounting Officer of A&B, 1/18-11/22; Vice President of A&B, 3/18-1/19; Controller of A&B, 9/15-11/22.
Derek T. Kanehira (57)
Senior Vice President, Human Resources, of A&B, 5/20-present; Vice President and Director of HR Services, Hawaii Employers Council, 1/17-4/20; Vice President and Director of Human Resources, Hawaii National Bank, 5/13-1/17.
Scott G. Morita (54)
Vice President and Corporate Counsel of A&B, 11/21-present; Associate General Counsel of A&B, 7/18-10/21; Partner, Schlack Ito, 3/13-6/18.
Lance K. Parker (49)
President of A&B, 1/23-present; Chief Operating Officer of A&B, 11/21-present; President of A&B Properties Hawai‘i, LLC ("ABP"), 9/15-present; Executive Vice President of A&B, 3/18-1/23; Chief Real Estate Officer of A&B, 10/17-11/21; Senior Vice President of ABP, 6/13-8/15; first joined A&B Predecessor in 2004.
Jerrod M. Schreck (49)
Executive Vice President of A&B, 4/21-present; President of Grace Pacific LLC, 4/19-present; Senior Vice President, Land Stewardship of A&B, 4/18-4/21;Vice President, Land Stewardship, of A&B, 4/17-4/18; Director, Land Stewardship and Energy Development, 9/15-4/17.
Corporate Governance
For information about the Audit Committee of the A&B Board of Directors, see the section captioned “Board of Directors Information” in A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference.
Code of Ethics
For information about A&B’s Code of Ethics, see the subsection captioned “Code of Ethics” in A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement, which subsection is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
See the section captioned “Executive Compensation” and the subsection captioned “Compensation of Directors” in A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement, which section and subsection are incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
See the section captioned “Shareholders' Security Ownership” and the subsection titled “Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers” in A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement, which section and subsection are incorporated herein by reference. See the Equity Compensation Plan Information table in Item 5 of Part II.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
See the section captioned “Election of Directors” and the subsection captioned “Relationships and Transactions” in A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement, which section and subsection are incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information concerning principal accountant fees and services appears in the section captioned “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in A&B’s 2023 Proxy Statement, which section is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Financial Statements
The financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of Part II above.
Financial Statement Schedules
SCHEDULE III - REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.
December 31, 2022
(in millions) Initial Cost Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Gross Amounts of Which Carried at Close of Period
Description Encum-
brances (1) Land Buildings
and
Improvements Improvements Carrying Costs Land Buildings
and
Improvements Total (2) Accumulated
Depreciation (3) Date of
Construction Date
Acquired/
Completed
Commercial Real Estate Segment
Industrial :
Kapolei Enterprise Center (HI) $ - $ 7.9 $ 16.8 $ 0.7 $ - $ 7.9 $ 17.5 $ 25.4 $ (2.1) 2019 2019
Harbor Industrial (HI) - 0.1 - 1.3 - 0.1 1.3 1.4 (1.2) 1930 2018
Honokohau Industrial (HI) - 5.0 4.8 0.1 - 5.0 4.9 9.9 (0.8) Various 2017
Kailua Industrial/Other (HI) - 10.5 2.0 0.8 - 10.6 2.7 13.3 (0.7) Various 2013
Kakaako Commerce Center (HI) - 16.9 20.6 3.4 - 16.9 24.0 40.9 (4.5) 1969 2014
Komohana Industrial Park (HI) - 25.2 10.8 1.8 - 25.4 12.4 37.8 (4.3) 1990 2010
Opule Industrial (HI) - 10.9 27.1 - - 10.9 27.1 38.0 (2.8) 2005-2006, 2018 2018
P&L Warehouse (HI) - - - 1.8 - - 1.8 1.8 (0.9) 1970 1970
Port Allen (HI) - - 0.7 2.3 - - 3.0 3.0 (2.4) 1983, 1993 1983-1993
Waipio Industrial (HI) - 19.6 7.7 1.5 - 19.7 9.1 28.8 (3.0) 1988-1989 2009
Kahai Street Industrial (HI) - 4.4 2.0 - - 4.4 2.0 6.4 (0.1) 1973 2021
Maui Lani Industrial (HI) - 0.2 0.3 - - 0.2 0.3 0.5 - 2010 2011-2014
Office :
Kahului Office Building (HI) - 1.0 0.4 7.9 - 1.0 8.3 9.3 (7.8) 1974 1989
Kahului Office Center (HI) - - - 4.7 - - 4.7 4.7 (4.0) 1991 1991
Lono Center (HI) - - 1.4 1.6 - - 3.0 3.0 (1.8) 1973 1991
Gateway at Mililani Mauka South (HI) - 7.0 3.5 7.3 - 7.0 10.8 17.8 (2.4) 1992, 2006 2012
Retail :
Aikahi Park Shopping Center (HI) - 23.5 6.7 19.5 - 25.9 23.8 49.7 (4.7) 1971 2015
Gateway at Mililani Mauka (HI) - 7.3 4.7 6.8 - 7.8 11.0 18.8 (2.8) 2008, 2013 2011
Hokulei Street (HI) - 16.9 36.5 2.9 - 17.0 39.3 56.3 (6.2) 2015 2018
Kahului Shopping Center (HI) - - - 3.3 - 0.6 2.7 3.3 (1.9) 1951 1951
Kailua Retail Other (HI) - 85.1 73.8 23.2 - 87.1 95.0 182.1 (24.1) Various 2013
Kaneohe Bay Shopping Ctr. (HI) - - 13.4 4.0 - 0.9 16.5 17.4 (8.7) 1971 2001
Kunia Shopping Center (HI) - 2.7 10.6 3.2 - 3.0 13.5 16.5 (6.5) 2004 2002
Lanihau Marketplace (HI) - 9.4 13.2 2.9 - 9.4 16.1 25.5 (5.9) 1987 2010
Laulani Village (HI) 59.0 43.4 64.3 3.1 - 43.4 67.4 110.8 (10.0) 2012 2018
Manoa Marketplace (HI) 54.5 43.3 35.9 14.2 - 45.1 48.3 93.4 (8.3) 1977 2016
Napili Plaza (HI) - 9.4 8.0 2.1 - 10.0 9.5 19.5 (3.0) 1991 2003, 2013
Pearl Highlands Center (HI) 79.9 43.4 96.2 19.1 - 43.6 115.1 158.7 (31.0) 1992-1994 2013
Port Allen Marina Ctr. (HI) - - 3.4 1.1 - - 4.5 4.5 (2.7) 2002 1971
The Collection (HI) - 0.4 2.2 0.8 - 0.4 3.0 3.4 (0.5) 2017 2018
The Shops at Kukui'ula (HI) - 8.9 30.1 5.0 - 9.4 34.6 44.0 (9.8) 2009 2013
Waianae Mall (HI) - 17.4 10.1 9.6 - 18.0 19.1 37.1 (5.3) 1975 2013
Waipio Shopping Center (HI) - 24.0 7.6 2.5 - 24.5 9.6 34.1 (3.3) 1986, 2004 2009
Lau Hala Shops (HI) - - - 39.1 - 15.2 23.9 39.1 (4.5) 2018 2018
Ho'okele (HI) - - - 31.3 - 13.5 17.8 31.3 (3.2) 2017 2019
Puunene Shopping Center (HI) - 24.8 28.6 7.9 - 25.2 36.1 61.3 (7.0) 2017 2018
Queens' Marketplace (HI) - 20.4 58.9 1.5 - 20.3 60.5 80.8 (6.5) 2007 2019
Waipouli Town Center (HI) - 5.9 9.7 1.6 - 6.0 11.2 17.2 (1.4) 1980 2019
Other :
Oahu Ground Leases (HI) - 235.5 0.1 0.1 - 235.7 - 235.7 - - -
Other miscellaneous investments - 0.5 0.1 7.2 - 0.6 7.2 7.8 (5.7) - -
Total $ 193.4 $ 730.9 $ 612.2 $ 247.2 $ - $ 771.7 $ 818.6 $ 1,590.3 $ (201.8)
Description (amounts in millions) Encum-
brances (1) Land Buildings
and
Improvements Improvements Carrying Costs Land Buildings
and
Improvements Total (2) Accumulated
Depreciation (3)
Land Operations Segment
Kapolei Business Park West $ - $ 6.2 $ - $ - $ - $ 6.2 $ - $ 6.2 $ -
Kamalani - - - 5.2 - - 5.2 5.2 -
Maui Business Park II - - - 22.1 - - 22.1 22.1 -
Wailea - 24.5 - 9.5 (3.1) 21.9 9.0 30.9 -
Other non-core landholdings - 7.2 - 2.1 (5.2) 2.2 1.9 4.1 (0.5)
Total $ - $ 37.9 $ - $ 38.9 $ (8.3) $ 30.3 $ 38.2 $ 68.5 $ (0.5)
(1) See Note 8 - Notes Payable and Other Debt to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) The aggregate tax basis, at December 31, 2022, for the Commercial Real Estate segment and Land Operations segment assets was approximately $675.6 million.
(3) Depreciation is computed based upon the following estimated useful lives:
Building and improvements: 10 - 40 years
Leasehold improvements: 5 - 10 years (lesser of useful life or lease term)
Other property improvements: 3 - 35 years
Reconciliation of Real Estate (in millions) 2022 2021 2020
Balance at beginning of year $ 1,653.2 $ 1,625.4 $ 1,619.3
Additions and improvements 24.5 45.4 20.4
Dispositions, retirements and other adjustments (13.9) (17.6) (14.3)
Impairment of assets (5.0) - -
Balance at end of year $ 1,658.8 $ 1,653.2 $ 1,625.4
Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation (in millions) 2022 2021 2020
Balance at beginning of year $ 180.5 $ 154.4 $ 127.5
Depreciation expense 28.6 27.3 27.4
Dispositions, retirements and other adjustments (6.8) (1.2) (0.5)
Balance at end of year $ 202.3 $ 180.5 $ 154.4
Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
Exhibits not filed herewith are incorporated by reference to the exhibit number and previous filing shown in parentheses. All previous exhibits were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. Exhibits filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 were filed under file number 001-34187. Shareholders may obtain copies of exhibits for a copying and handling charge of $0.15 per page by writing to Alyson J. Nakamura, Corporate Secretary, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., P. O. Box 3440, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96801.
2. Plan of acquisition, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession.
2.a. Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 10, 2017, by and among Alexander & Baldwin, Investments, LLC (formerly Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (formerly Alexander & Baldwin REIT Holdings, Inc.) and A&B REIT Merger Corporation (Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K, dated July 12, 2017).
3. Articles of incorporation and bylaws.
3.a. Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., effective as of November 8, 2017 (Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017).
3.b. Amended and Restated Bylaws of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., effective as of July 26, 2022 (Exhibit 3.b to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022).
4. Instruments defining the rights of security holders.
4.a. Description of Capital Stock (Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017).
4.b. Form of Company Common Stock Certificate (Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017).
4.c. Description of Registrant's Securities (Exhibit 4.c. to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019).
10. Material contracts.
10.a. (i) Credit Agreement between Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), First Hawaiian Bank, Bank of America, N.A. and the other lenders party thereto, dated as of June 4, 2012 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated June 4, 2012).
(ii) First Amendment to Credit Agreement by and among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., A&B II, LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and First Hawaiian Bank, dated December 18, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xvi) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015).
(iii) Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M, Bank of America N.A., First Hawaiian Bank, and other lenders party thereto, dated September 15, 2017 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated September 19, 2017).
(iv) Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin Investments, LLC, A&B II, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Bank of America N.A., First Hawaiian Bank, KeyBank National Association, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and other lenders party thereto, dated August 31, 2021 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2021).
(v) Joinder Agreement, by Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., dated November 8, 2017, to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated September 15, 2017, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M, Bank of America, N.A., First Hawaiian Bank, and other lenders party thereto (Exhibit 10.a.(xi) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).
(vi) Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 10, 2015, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and other lenders party thereto (Exhibit 10.a.(xvii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015).
(vii) Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC (formerly known as Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.), Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and the other purchasers party thereto, dated as of June 4, 2012 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated June 4, 2012).
(viii) Modification to Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and the other purchasers party thereto, dated as of September 27, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xviii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013).
(ix) Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and certain affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc., dated December 10, 2015 (Exhibit 10.a.(xx) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015).
(x) Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and certain affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc., dated August 31, 2021 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2021).
(xi) Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement by and among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and certain affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc., dated September 15, 2017 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated September 19, 2017)
(xii) Joinder Agreement, by Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (formerly Alexander & Baldwin REIT Holdings, Inc.), dated November 8, 2017, to Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement, dated December 10, 2015, as amended, between Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., and the other Guarantors party thereto, on the one hand, and the Purchasers party thereto, on the other hand (Exhibit 10.a.(xvii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).
(xiii) Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement, by and among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and certain affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc., dated January 8, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xviii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).
(xiv) Series J Senior Notes (No. J-1 through No. J-8) by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M in favor of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, dated April 18, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xix) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018).
(xv) Series K Senior Notes (No. K-1 through No. K-8) by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M in favor of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, dated April 18, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xx) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018).
(xvi) Series L Senior Notes (No. L-1 through No. L-8) by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series M in favor of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, dated April 18, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxi) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018).
(xvii) Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC, and certain affiliates of AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC, dated December 20, 2017 (Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021).
(xviii) First Amendment to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC, and certain affiliates of AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC, dated March 5, 2018 (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021).
(xix) Second Amendment to Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement among Alexander & Baldwin, Inc., Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC, and certain affiliates of AIG Asset Management (U.S.), LLC, dated August 31, 2021 (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2021).
(xx) Loan Assumption and Amendment to Loan Documents, among PHSC Holdings, LLC, ABP Pearl Highlands LLC, Pearl Highlands LLC, and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated September 17, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013).
(xxi) Promissory Note between ABP Pearl Highlands LLC and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated November 20, 2014 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated December 1, 2014).
(xxii) Mortgage and Security Agreement between ABP Pearl Highlands LLC and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated November 20, 2014 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated December 1, 2014).
(xxiii) Term Loan Agreement among Kukui‘ula Village LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and the other financial institutions party thereto, dated as of November 5, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxvi) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013).
(xxiv) Real Estate Term Loan Agreement among Kukui‘ula Village LLC, Kukui‘ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and the other financial institutions party thereto, dated as of November 5, 2013 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxv) to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013).
(xxv) Promissory Note by ABL Manoa Marketplace LF LLC, A&B Manoa LLC, ABL Manoa Marketplace LH LLC, and ABP Manoa Marketplace LH LLC to First Hawaiian Bank, dated August 1, 2016 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxiv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016).
(xxvi) Mortgage, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by ABL Manoa Marketplace LF LLC, A&B Manoa LLC, ABL Manoa Marketplace LH LLC, and ABP Manoa Marketplace LH LLC to First Hawaiian Bank, dated August 1, 2016 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016).
(xxvii) Limited Liability Company Agreement of Alexander & Baldwin Investments, LLC, dated as of November 8, 2017 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2017).
(xxviii) Term Loan Agreement, among Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Grace Pacific LLC, the other borrowers party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and the other lenders party thereto, dated February 26, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxiii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018).
(xxix) Promissory Note by TRC Laulani Village, LLC in favor of The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated April 10, 2014 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxiv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018).
(xxx) Loan Assumption and Amendment to Loan Documents, among TRC Laulani Village, LLC, ABP E1 LLC, ABP ER1 LLC, and The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, dated February 23, 2018 (Exhibit 10.a.(xxxv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018).
(xxxi) Purchase and Sale Agreement and Escrow Instructions by Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series R, Alexander & Baldwin, LLC, Series T, and A & B Properties Hawaii, LLC, Series R, and Mahi Pono Holdings, LLC, dated December 17, 2018 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated December 20, 2018).
*10.b.1. (i) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan (Exhibit 99.1 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(ii) Amendment No. 1 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, effective as of January 24, 2017 (Exhibit 10.b.1.(ii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016).
(iii) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, as assumed (Exhibit 99.1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-8 filed on November 8, 2017).
(iv) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, as assumed on November 8, 2017, as further amended and restated effective January 23, 2018 (Exhibit 10.b.1.(iv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018).
(v) Amendment No. 1 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan, effective April 26, 2021 (Exhibit 10.b.1.(v) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021).
(vi) Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant (Exhibit 99.2 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(vii) Form of Stock Option Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 99.4 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(viii) Form of Notice of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 10.b.1.(iv) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).
(ix) Form of Notice of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 10.b.1(viii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019).
(x) Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 10.b.1.(v) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).
(xi) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (Exhibit 99.8 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xii) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (Deferral Election) (Exhibit 99.9 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xiii) Form of Notice of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 99.10 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xiv) Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 99.12 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xv) Form of Universal Stock Option Agreement for Substitute Options-Executive Officers (2007 Plan) (Exhibit 99.13 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xvi) Form of Universal Stock Option Agreement for Substitute Options (1998 Plan) (Exhibit 99.15 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xvii) Form of Universal Stock Option Agreement for Substitute Options (1998 Non-employee Director Plan) (Exhibit 99.16 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xviii) Form of Universal Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute Awards-Executive Officer (2007 Plan) (Exhibit 99.17 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xix) Form of Universal Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute Awards-Non-employee Board Member (Exhibit 99.19 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xx) Form of Universal Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute Awards-Non-employee Board Member (Deferral Elections) (Exhibit 99.20 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xxi) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Substitute 2012 Performance-Based Award-Executive Officer (Exhibit 99.21 to Form S-8 filed on June 29, 2012).
(xxii) Form of Notice of Award of Performance Share Units (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated January 28, 2013).
(xxiii) Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated January 28, 2013).
(xxiv) Form of Notice of Award of Performance Share Units (Exhibit 10.b.1.(xix) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014).
(xxv) Form of Notice of Award of Performance Share Units (Exhibit 10.b.1.(xxv) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021).
(xxvi) Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (Exhibit 10.b.1.(xx) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014).
(xxvii) Form of Letter Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated June 28, 2012).
(xxviii) Form of Letter Agreement (current participants) (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxviii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022).
(xxix) Form of Letter Agreement (prospective participants) (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxix) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022).
(xxx) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2022 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021).
(xxxi) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. One-Year Performance Improvement Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K, dated January 28, 2013).
(xxxii) Amendment No. 1 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. One-Year Performance Improvement Incentive Plan, dated July 29, 2014 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014).
(xxxiii) Amendment No. 2 to Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. One-Year Performance Improvement Incentive Plan, effective January 1, 2018 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxx) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021).
(xxxiv) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan (Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K, dated June 28, 2012).
(xxxv) Amendment No. 1 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan, effective as of March 1, 2013 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxiii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013).
(xxxvi) Amendment No. 2 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan, effective as of January 1, 2020 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxxii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019).
(xxxvii) Amendment No. 3 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan, effective as of April 1, 2020 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxxiv) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021).
(xxxviii) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012).
(xxxix) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Retirement Plan for Outside Directors (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxiii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012).
(xl) Amendment No. 4 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Excess Benefits Plan, effective as of April 1, 2022 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxxviii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022).
(xli) Amendment No. 1 to the Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Retirement Plan for Outside Directors, effective as of March 1, 2013 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxvi) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013).
(xlii) 2019 Alexander & Baldwin Nonqualified Defined Contribution Plan Adoption Agreement (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxxviii) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019).
(xliii) Base Plan for 2019 Alexander & Baldwin Nonqualified Defined Contribution Plan Adoption Agreement (Exhibit 10.b.1(xxxix) to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019).
(xliv) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. 2021 Executive Simplification Incentive Program, effective February 22, 2021 (Exhibit 10.b.1(xl) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021).
(xlv) Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. 2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan (Appendix A to Proxy Statement filed on March 15, 2022).
(xlvi) Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (Exhibit 10.b.1(xlvii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022).
(xlvii) Form of Notice of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 10.b.1(xlviii) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022).
(xlviii) Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 10.b.1.(xlix) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022).
(xlix) Form of Notice of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant (Exhibit 10.b.1.(l) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022).
(l) Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Executive Employees (Exhibit 10.b.1.(li) to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022).
(li) Notice of Award of Time-Based Restricted Stock Units, dated February 1, 2023, for Christopher J. Benjamin; Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement between Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and Christopher J. Benjamin (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, dated February 2, 2023).
(lii) Consulting Agreement, dated January 30, 2023, between Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and Christopher J. Benjamin (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, dated February 2, 2023).
(liii) Letter Agreement, dated January, 2023, between Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. and Christopher J. Benjamin (Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K, dated February 2, 2023).
*All exhibits listed under 10.b.1. are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.
21.1 Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. Subsidiaries as of February 1, 2023.
23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP dated March 1, 2023.
23.2 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP dated March 1, 2023.
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32. Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1 Financial Statements of Kukui`ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022
99.2 Financial Statements of Kukui`ula Development Company (Hawaii), LLC as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
95. Mine Safety Disclosure.
101. The following information from Alexander & Baldwin, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104. Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).