EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 899045
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 899045_10-K_2025_0001628280-25-006706.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
Lamar Advertising Company is one of the largest outdoor advertising companies in the United States based on number of displays and has operated under the Lamar name since 1902. We manage our business through three operating segments -billboard, logo and transit advertising. We rent space for advertising on billboards, buses, shelters, benches, logo plates and in airport terminals. We offer our customers a fully integrated service, satisfying all aspects of their display requirements from ad copy production to placement and maintenance.
We operate three types of outdoor advertising displays: billboards, logo signs and transit advertising displays.
Billboards. As of December 31, 2024, we owned and operated approximately 159,000 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. We rent most of our advertising space on two types of billboards: bulletins and posters.
•Bulletins are generally large, illuminated advertising structures that are located on major highways and target vehicular traffic.
•Posters are generally smaller advertising structures that are located on major traffic arteries and city streets and target vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
In addition to traditional billboards, we also rent space on digital billboards, which are generally located on major traffic arteries and city streets. As of December 31, 2024, we owned and operated approximately 5,000 digital billboard advertising displays in 43 states and Canada.
Logo signs. We rent advertising space on logo signs located near highway exits.
•Logo signs generally advertise nearby gas, food, camping, lodging and other attractions.
We are the largest provider of logo signs in the United States, operating 23 of the 26 privatized state logo sign contracts. As of December 31, 2024, we operated over 138,200 logo sign advertising displays in 23 states and the province of Ontario, Canada.
Transit advertising displays. We also rent advertising space on the exterior and interior of public transportation vehicles, in airport terminals, and on transit shelters and benches in over 80 markets. As of December 31, 2024, we operated approximately 47,500 transit advertising displays in 23 states and Canada.
CORPORATE HISTORY
We have operated under the Lamar name since our founding in 1902 and have been publicly traded on NASDAQ under the symbol “LAMR” since 1996.
During 2014, we completed a reorganization in order to qualify as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) for federal income tax purposes. During 2022, the Company completed a tax reorganization to a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The UPREIT structure allows property owners of appreciated properties to contribute property to the operating partnership of the REIT, on a tax-deferred basis, in exchange for a partnership interest in the form of operating partnership units.
In this Annual Report, unless the context otherwise requires, we refer to Lamar Advertising Company and its consolidated subsidiaries (and its predecessor and its consolidated subsidiaries), as applicable, as the “Company”, “Lamar Advertising” or “we”, and we refer to Lamar Advertising’s wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. as “Lamar Media.”
OPERATING STRATEGIES
We strive to be a leading provider of outdoor advertising services in each of the markets that we serve, and our operating strategies for achieving that goal include:
Continuing to provide high quality local sales and service. We seek to identify and closely monitor the needs of our tenants and to provide them with a full complement of high quality advertising services. Local advertising constituted approximately 79% of our outdoor net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, which management believes is higher than the industry average. We believe that the experience of our regional, territory and local managers has contributed greatly to our success. For example, our regional managers have been with us for an average of 33 years. In an effort to provide high quality sales and service at the local level, we employed approximately 975 local account executives as of December 31, 2024. Local account executives are typically supported by additional local staff and have the ability to draw upon the resources of our central office, as well as our offices in other markets, in the event business opportunities or customers’ needs support such an allocation of resources.
Continuing a centralized control and decentralized management structure. Our management believes that, for our particular business, centralized control and a decentralized organization provide for greater economies of scale and are more responsive to local market demands. Therefore, we maintain centralized accounting and financial control over our local operations, but our local managers are responsible for the day-to-day operations in each local market and are compensated according to that market’s financial performance.
Continuing to focus on internal growth. Within our existing markets we seek to increase our revenue and improve cash flow by employing highly-targeted local marketing efforts to improve our display occupancy rates and by increasing advertising rates where and when demand can absorb rate increases. Our local offices spearhead this effort and respond to local customer demands quickly.
In addition, we routinely invest in upgrading our existing displays and constructing new displays. Since January 1, 2015, we have invested approximately $1.24 billion in capitalized expenditures, which include improvements to our existing real estate portfolio, improvements to recently acquired locations and the construction of new locations. Our regular improvement and expansion of our advertising display inventory allows us to provide high quality service to our current tenants and to attract new tenants.
Continuing to pursue other outdoor advertising opportunities. We plan to renew existing logo sign contracts and pursue additional logo sign contracts. Logo sign opportunities arise periodically, both from states initiating new logo sign programs and states converting from government-owned and operated programs to privately-owned and operated programs. Furthermore, we plan to pursue additional tourist oriented directional sign programs in both the United States and Canada and also other motorist information signing programs as opportunities present themselves. In addition, in an effort to maintain market share, we continue to pursue attractive transit and airport advertising opportunities as they become available.
Reinvesting in capital expenditures including digital technology. We have a history of investing in capital expenditures, particularly in our digital platform. We spent approximately $125.3 million in total capital expenditures in fiscal year 2024, of which approximately $60.7 million was spent on digital technology. We expect our 2025 capitalized expenditures to be approximately $195 million.
Growing our out-of-home programmatic channel. We offer a portion of our unsold digital display inventory to advertisers via our programmatic partners. Through these programmatic partners, advertisers can buy advertising space across multiple channels, allowing them to complement their existing campaigns by leasing our digital out-of-home offerings. While the programmatic out-of-home channel is 2% of our existing outdoor business and relatively new, we believe it represents a growth area for our industry and our business.
CAPITAL ALLOCATION STRATEGY
The objective of our capital allocation strategy is to simultaneously increase adjusted funds from operations and our return on invested capital. To maintain our REIT status, we are required to distribute to our stockholders annually an amount equal to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains. After complying with our REIT distribution requirements, we plan to continue to allocate our available capital among investment alternatives that meet our return on investment criteria. During 2024, we generated $873.6 million of cash from operating activities, which was used to repay a portion of our long-term debt outstanding, as well as fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, and dividends to our stockholders.
•Capital expenditures program. We will continue to reinvest in our existing assets and expand our outdoor advertising display portfolio through new construction. This includes growth, maintenance and other non-recurring capital expenditures associated with the construction of new and existing billboard displays, the entrance into and renewal of logo sign and transit contracts, technology-related investments and the purchase of real estate and operating equipment.
•Acquisitions. We will seek to pursue strategic acquisitions of outdoor advertising businesses and assets. This includes acquisitions in our existing markets and in new markets where we can meet our return on investment criteria. When evaluating investments in new markets, our return on investment criteria reflects the additional risks inherent to the particular geographic area.
COMPANY OPERATIONS
Billboard Advertising
We rent most of our advertising space on two types of billboard advertising displays: bulletins and posters. As of December 31, 2024, we owned and operated approximately 159,000 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. In 2024, we derived approximately 76% of our billboard advertising net revenues from bulletin rentals and 24% from poster rentals.
Bulletins are large advertising structures consisting of panels (the most common size is 14 feet high by 48 feet wide, or 672 square feet) on which advertising copy is displayed. We wrap advertising copy printed with computer-generated graphics on a single sheet of vinyl around the structure. To attract more attention, some of the panels may extend beyond the linear edges of the display face and may include three-dimensional embellishments. Because of their greater impact and higher cost, bulletins are usually located on major highways and target vehicular traffic. At December 31, 2024, we operated approximately 78,800 bulletin displays.
We generally rent individually-selected bulletin space to advertisers for the duration of the contract (ranging from 4 to 52 weeks). We also rent bulletins as part of a rotary plan under which we rotate the advertising copy from one bulletin location to another within a particular market at stated intervals (usually every sixty to ninety days) to achieve greater reach within that market.
Posters are smaller advertising structures (the most common panel size is 11 feet high by 23 feet wide, or 253 square feet; we also operate junior posters, which are 5 feet high by 11 feet wide, or 55 square feet). Poster panels utilize a single flexible sheet of polyethylene material that inserts onto the face of the panel. Posters are concentrated on major traffic arteries and target vehicular traffic, and junior posters are concentrated on city streets and target hard-to-reach pedestrian traffic and nearby residents. At December 31, 2024, we operated approximately 80,200 poster displays.
We generally rent poster space for 4 to 26 weeks, determined by the advertiser’s campaign needs. Posters are sold in packages of Target Rating Point (“TRP”) levels, which determine the percentage of a target audience an advertiser needs to reach. A package may include a combination of poster locations in order to meet reach and frequency campaign goals.
In addition to the traditional static displays, we also rent digital billboards. Digital billboards are large electronic light emitting diode (“LED”) displays (the most common sizes are 14 feet high by 48 feet wide, or 672 square feet; 10.5 feet high by 36 feet wide, or 378 square feet; and 10 feet high by 21 feet wide, or 210 square feet) that are generally located on major traffic arteries and city streets. Digital billboards are capable of generating over one billion colors and vary in brightness based on ambient conditions. They display completely digital advertising copy from various advertisers in a slide show fashion, rotating each advertisement approximately every 6 to 8 seconds. At December 31, 2024, our inventory included approximately 5,000 digital display billboards in various markets. These 5,000 digital billboards generated approximately 32% of billboard advertising net revenue.
We own the physical structures on which the advertising copy is displayed. We build the structures on locations we either own or lease. In each local office, one employee typically performs site leasing activities for the markets served by that office. See Item 2. - “Properties.”
In the majority of our markets, our local production staffs perform the full range of activities required to create and install billboard advertising displays. Production work includes creating the advertising copy design and layout, coordinating its printing and installing the designs on the displays. Our talented design staff uses state-of-the-art technology to prepare creative, eye-catching displays for our tenants. We can also help with the strategic placement of advertisements throughout an
advertiser’s market by using software that allows us to analyze the target audience and its demographics. Our artists also assist in developing marketing presentations, demonstrations and strategies to attract new tenant advertisers.
In marketing billboard displays to advertisers, we compete with other forms of out-of-home advertising and other media. When selecting the media and provider through which to advertise, advertisers consider a number of factors and advertising providers, which are described in the section titled - “Competition” below.
Logo Sign Advertising
We entered the logo sign advertising business in 1988 and have become the largest provider of logo sign services in the United States, operating 23 of the 26 privatized state logo contracts. We erect logo signs, which generally advertise nearby gas, food, camping, lodging and other attractions, and directional signs, which direct vehicle traffic to nearby services and tourist attractions, near highway exits. As of December 31, 2024, we operated approximately 41,700 logo sign structures containing over 138,200 logo advertising displays in the United States and Canada.
We operate the logo sign contracts in the province of Ontario, Canada and in the following states:
Colorado Kansas Minnesota Montana New Hampshire Ohio Tennessee
Delaware Kentucky Mississippi Nebraska New Jersey Oklahoma Utah
Florida Louisiana Missouri(1)
Nevada New Mexico South Carolina Wisconsin
Georgia Michigan
(1)The logo sign contract in Missouri is operated by a 66 2/3% owned partnership.
We also operate the tourist oriented directional signing (“TODS”) programs for the states of Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, South Carolina, Utah, and the province of Ontario, Canada, providing approximately 15,700 advertising displays.
Our logo and TODS operations are decentralized. Generally, each office is staffed with an experienced local general manager, local sales and office staff and a local signing sub-contractor. This decentralization allows the management staff of Interstate Logos, L.L.C. (the subsidiary that operates all of the logo and directional sign-related businesses) to travel extensively to the various operations and serve in a technical and management advisory capacity and monitor regulatory and contract compliance. We also run a silk screening operation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and a display construction company in Atlanta, Georgia.
State logo sign contracts represent the exclusive right to erect and operate logo signs within a state for a period of time. The terms of the contracts vary, but generally range from five to ten years, with additional renewal terms. Each logo sign contract generally allows the state to terminate the contract prior to its expiration and, in most cases, with compensation for the termination to be paid to the Company. When a logo sign contract expires, we transfer ownership of the advertising structures to the state. Depending on the contract, we may or may not be entitled to compensation at that time. Of our 24 logo sign contracts in place, in the United States and Canada, at December 31, 2024, four are subject to renewal or expiration in 2025.
States usually award new logo sign contracts and renew expiring logo sign contracts through an open proposal process. In bidding for new and renewal contracts, we compete against other logo sign providers, as well as local companies based in the state soliciting proposals.
In marketing logo signs to advertisers, we compete with other forms of out-of-home advertising and other media. When selecting the media and provider through which to advertise, advertisers consider a number of factors and advertising providers which are described in the section titled - “Competition” below.
Transit Advertising
We entered into the transit advertising business in 1993 as a way to complement our existing business and maintain market share in certain markets. Transit contracts are generally with the local municipalities and airport authorities and allow us the exclusive right to rent advertising space to customers in airports and on buses, benches or shelters. The terms of the contracts vary but generally range between 3-10 years, many with renewable options for contract extension. We rent transit advertising displays in airport terminals and on bus shelters, benches and buses in over 80 transit markets, and our production staff provides a full range of creative and installation services to our transit advertising tenants. As of December 31, 2024, we operated approximately 47,500 transit advertising displays in 23 states and Canada.
Municipalities usually award new transit advertising contracts and renew expiring transit advertising contracts through an open bidding process. In bidding for new and renewal contracts, we compete against national outdoor advertising providers and local, on-premise sign providers and sign construction companies. Transit advertising operators incur significant start-up costs to build and install the advertising structures (such as transit shelters) upon being awarded contracts.
In marketing transit advertising displays to advertisers, we compete with other forms of out-of-home advertising and other media. When selecting the media and provider through which to advertise, advertisers consider a number of factors and advertising providers which are described in the section titled - “Competition” below.
COMPETITION
Although the outdoor advertising industry has encountered a wave of consolidation, the industry remains fragmented. The industry is comprised of several large outdoor advertising and media companies with operations in multiple markets, as well as smaller, local companies operating a limited number of structures in one or a few local markets.
Although we primarily focus on small to mid-size markets where we can attain a strong market share, in each of our markets we compete against other providers of outdoor advertising and other types of media, including:
•Larger outdoor advertising providers, such as (i) Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc., which operates billboards, street furniture displays, transit displays and other out-of-home advertising displays and (ii) Outfront Media, Inc., which operates traditional outdoor, street furniture and transit advertising properties.
•Broadcast, cable and streaming television, radio, print media, direct mail marketing, the internet, social media and applications used in conjunction with wireless devices.
•An increasing variety of out-of-home advertising media, such as advertising displays in shopping centers, malls, airports, stadiums, movie theaters, supermarkets and advertising displays on taxis, trains and buses.
In selecting the form of media through which to advertise, advertisers evaluate their ability to target audiences having a specific demographic profile, lifestyle, brand or media consumption or purchasing behavior or audiences located in, or traveling through, a particular geography. Advertisers also compare the relative costs of available media, evaluating the number of impressions (potential viewings), exposure (the opportunity for advertising to be seen) and circulation (traffic volume in a market), as well as potential effectiveness, quality of related services (such as advertising copy design and layout) and customer service. In competing with other media, we believe that outdoor advertising is relatively more cost-efficient than other media, allowing advertisers to reach broader audiences and target specific geographic areas or demographic groups within markets.
We believe that our strong emphasis on sales and customer service and our position as a major provider of advertising services in each of our primary markets enables us to compete effectively with the other outdoor advertising companies, as well as with other media, within those markets.
GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION
Our advertising displays are geographically diversified across the United States and Canada. The following table sets forth information regarding the geographic diversification of our advertising displays, which are listed in order of contribution to total revenue. Markets with less than 1% of total displays are grouped in the category “all other United States.”
Percentage of Revenues for the year ended,
December 31, 2024 Number of Displays for the year ended,
December 31, 2024
Market Static
Billboard
Displays Digital
Billboard
Displays Transit
Displays Logo
Displays Total
Displays Static
Billboard
Displays Digital
Billboard
Displays Transit
Displays Logo
Displays Total
Displays Percentage
of Total
Displays
Las Vegas, NV 1.5 % 2.1 % 19.0 % - 2.9 % 722 93 1,504 - 2,319 0.6 %
New York, NY 2.4 % 2.4 % - - 2.1 % 1,008 76 - - 1,084 0.3 %
Chicago, IL 1.9 % 2.4 % - - 1.8 % 2,053 159 - - 2,212 0.6 %
Pittsburgh, PA 1.9 % 2.0 % 0.4 % - 1.7 % 2,853 68 327 - 3,248 0.9 %
Nashville, TN 1.5 % 2.0 % - - 1.5 % 2,089 93 - - 2,182 0.6 %
San Bernardino, CA 1.3 % 2.1 % 1.4 % - 1.5 % 609 59 1,234 - 1,902 0.5 %
Dallas, TX 1.7 % 1.0 % 1.8 % - 1.4 % 1,253 32 459 - 1,744 0.5 %
Cleveland, OH 1.6 % 1.6 % - - 1.4 % 2,223 57 - - 2,280 0.6 %
Phoenix, AZ 0.3 % 2.4 % 7.4 % - 1.4 % 148 73 4,242 - 4,463 1.2 %
Atlanta, GA 1.1 % 2.6 % - - 1.4 % 830 92 - - 922 0.3 %
Knoxville, TN 1.8 % 1.0 % - - 1.4 % 2,357 67 - - 2,424 0.7 %
Seattle, WA 1.6 % 0.7 % 1.5 % - 1.3 % 1,534 19 1,602 - 3,155 0.9 %
Birmingham, AL 1.4 % 1.3 % 0.4 % - 1.2 % 2,080 51 231 - 2,362 0.7 %
Reading, PA 1.2 % 1.8 % - - 1.2 % 1,355 104 - - 1,459 0.4 %
Indianapolis, IN 1.3 % 1.1 % 1.7 % - 1.2 % 2,467 36 123 - 2,626 0.7 %
Raleigh, NC 1.5 % 0.8 % - - 1.1 % 2,521 49 - - 2,570 0.7 %
Greenville-Spartanburg, SC 1.3 % 1.2 % - - 1.1 % 1,808 51 - - 1,859 0.5 %
Oklahoma City, OK 1.2 % 1.3 % 0.4 % - 1.1 % 1,970 46 35 - 2,051 0.6 %
Hartford, CT 1.0 % 1.7 % - - 1.1 % 827 53 - - 880 0.2 %
Richmond, VA 1.1 % 1.5 % - - 1.1 % 1,237 53 - - 1,290 0.4 %
Cincinnati, OH 0.9 % 1.8 % - - 1.0 % 1,110 48 - - 1,158 0.3 %
Baton Rouge, LA 1.1 % 1.1 % - - 1.0 % 1,356 56 - - 1,412 0.4 %
Pensacola, FL 1.0 % 1.2 % - - 1.0 % 2,239 85 - - 2,324 0.6 %
All US Logo Programs* - - - 92.7 % 3.5 % - - - 143,299 143,299 39.8 %
All Other United States 68.4 % 62.9 % 48.2 % - 63.0 % 117,360 3,474 27,122 - 147,956 41.1 %
All Other Canada* - - 17.8 % 7.3 % 1.6 % - - 10,616 10,690 21,306 5.9 %
Total 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 154,009 4,994 47,495 153,989 360,487 100.0 %
Total Revenue (in millions) $ 1,364.7 $ 591.5 $ 166.9 $ 84.0 $ 2,207.1
* Logo displays at December 31, 2024 include 15,768 displays related to the tourist oriented direction signing ("TODS") programs.
TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARIES
We hold and operate certain of our assets that cannot be held and operated directly by a REIT through taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. A TRS is a subsidiary of a REIT that pays corporate taxes on its taxable income. The assets held in our TRSs primarily consist of our transit advertising business, advertising services business and our foreign operations. We may, from time to time, change the election of previously designated TRSs to be treated as qualified REIT subsidiaries (“QRSs”) or other disregarded entities, and may reorganize and transfer certain assets or operations from our TRSs to other subsidiaries, including QRSs.
Our TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject, as applicable, to U.S. federal and state corporate income taxes. Furthermore, our assets and operations outside the United States will continue to be subject to foreign taxes in the jurisdictions in which those assets and operations are located. Net income from our TRSs will either be retained by our TRSs and used to fund their operations, or distributed to us, where it will be reinvested in our business or be available for distribution to Lamar Advertising’s stockholders. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the annual taxable income generated by our TRSs in the aggregate was approximately $29.8 million and $30.4 million, respectively.
ADVERTISING TENANTS
Our tenant base is diverse. The table below sets forth the industries from which we derived most of our billboard advertising revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, as well as the percentage of billboard advertising revenues attributable to the advertisers in those industries. The individual advertisers in these industries accounted for approximately 72% of our billboard advertising net revenues in the year ended December 31, 2024. No individual tenant accounted for more than 2% of our billboard advertising net revenues in that period.
Categories Percentage of Net
Billboard
Advertising Revenues
Service 17 %
Health Care 10 %
Restaurants 9 %
Retailers 8 %
Automotive 5 %
Amusement/Attractions 5 %
Gaming 4 %
Financial - Banks, Credit Unions 4 %
Education 4 %
Public Service 3 %
Insurance 3 %
72 %
REGULATION
Outdoor advertising is subject to governmental regulation at the federal, state and local levels. Regulations generally restrict the size, spacing, lighting and other aspects of advertising structures and pose a significant barrier to entry and expansion in many markets. Federal law, principally the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 (the “HBA”), regulates outdoor advertising on Federal - Aid Primary, Interstate and National Highway Systems roads. The HBA requires states, through the adoption of individual Federal/State agreements, to “effectively control” outdoor advertising along these roads, and mandates a state compliance program and state standards regarding size, spacing and lighting. These state standards, or their local and municipal equivalents, may be modified over time in response to legal challenges or otherwise, which may have an adverse effect on our business. The HBA requires any state or political subdivision that compels the removal of a lawful billboard along a Federal - Aid Primary or Interstate highway to pay just compensation to the billboard owner.
All states have passed billboard control statutes and regulations at least as restrictive as the federal requirements, including laws requiring the removal of illegal signs at the owner’s expense (and without compensation from the state). Although we believe that the number of our billboards that may be subject to removal as illegal is immaterial, and no state in which we operate has banned billboards entirely, from time to time governments have required us to remove signs and billboards legally erected in accordance with federal, state and local permit requirements and laws. Municipal and county governments generally also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws and building codes. We contest laws and regulations that we believe unlawfully restrict our constitutional or other legal rights and may adversely impact the growth of our outdoor advertising business.
Using federal funding for transportation enhancement programs, state governments have purchased and removed billboards for beautification, and may do so again in the future. Under the power of eminent domain, state or municipal governments have laid claim to property and forced the removal of billboards. Under a concept called amortization by which a governmental body asserts that a billboard operator has earned compensation by continued operation over time, local governments have attempted to force removal of legal but nonconforming billboards (i.e., billboards that conformed with applicable zoning regulations when built but which do not conform to current zoning regulations). Although the legality of amortization is questionable, it has been upheld in some instances. Often, municipal and county governments also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws, with some local governments prohibiting construction of new billboards or allowing new construction only to replace existing structures. Although we have generally been able to obtain satisfactory compensation for those of our billboards purchased or removed as a result of governmental action, there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.
We have continued to expand the deployment of digital billboards, which display static digital advertising copy from various advertisers that change every 6 to 8 seconds. We have encountered some existing regulations that restrict or prohibit these types of digital displays, but it has not yet materially impacted our digital deployment. However, new regulations could be enacted to impose greater restrictions on digital billboards due to alleged concerns over aesthetics or driver safety.
The findings of future studies related to the impact of digital billboards on driver safety issues, if any, may result in regulations at the federal or state level that impose greater restrictions on digital billboards. Any new restrictions on digital billboards could have a material adverse effect on both our existing inventory of digital billboards and our plans to expand our digital deployment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business, including disputes involving advertising contracts, site leases, employment claims and construction matters. We are also involved in routine administrative and judicial proceedings regarding billboard permits, fees and compensation for condemnations. We are not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding which, in the opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on us.
REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO
Our management headquarters is located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. We also own 126 local operating facilities with front office administration and sales office space connected to back-shop poster and bulletin production space. In addition, we lease an additional 162 operating facilities at an aggregate lease expense for 2024 of approximately $10.2 million.
We own approximately 10,900 parcels of property beneath our advertising displays. As of December 31, 2024, we leased approximately 71,500 outdoor sites, accounting for an annualized lease expense of approximately $334.5 million. This amount represented approximately 17% of billboard advertising net revenues for that period. These leases are for varying terms ranging from month-to-month to a term of over ten years, and many provide us with renewal options. Our lease agreements generally permit us to use the land for the construction, repair and relocation of outdoor advertising displays, including all rights necessary to access and maintain the site. Approximately 75% of our leases will expire or be subject to renewal in the next 5 years, 15% will expire or be subject to renewal in 6 to 10 years and 10% thereafter. There is no significant concentration of displays under any one lease or subject to negotiation with any one landlord. An important part of our management activity is to manage our lease portfolio and negotiate suitable lease renewals and extensions.
The following table illustrates the number of leased and owned sites by state as of December 31, 2024, which is sorted from greatest to least in number and percentage of leased sites. States in which we lease less than 2% of our portfolio are grouped in the category “All Other States and Canada”.
State # of billboard leased sites % of total # of owned billboard sites % of total
Texas 4,931 6.9 % 1,054 9.7 %
Pennsylvania 4,778 6.7 % 1,623 14.9 %
California 4,289 6.0 % 151 1.4 %
Ohio 4,048 5.7 % 603 5.5 %
North Carolina 3,758 5.3 % 292 2.7 %
Alabama 3,329 4.7 % 523 4.8 %
Georgia 3,294 4.6 % 346 3.2 %
Indiana 3,077 4.3 % 636 5.8 %
Louisiana 2,922 4.1 % 545 5.0 %
Tennessee 2,918 4.0 % 511 4.7 %
Florida 2,847 3.9 % 503 4.6 %
Wisconsin 2,467 3.5 % 411 3.8 %
South Carolina 2,219 3.1 % 152 1.4 %
New York 2,106 2.9 % 221 2.0 %
Missouri 1,975 2.8 % 306 2.8 %
Michigan 1,930 2.7 % 287 2.6 %
Mississippi 1,830 2.5 % 415 3.7 %
Oklahoma 1,651 2.3 % 141 1.3 %
Virginia 1,545 2.2 % 180 1.7 %
Illinois 1,445 2.0 % 334 3.1 %
All Other States and Canada 14,122 19.8 % 1,662 15.3 %
71,481 100.0 % 10,896 100.0 %
CONTRACT EXPIRATIONS
We derive revenues primarily from renting advertising space to customers on our advertising displays. Our contracts with customers generally cover periods ranging from one week to one year and are generally billed every four weeks. Since contract terms are short-term in nature, we do not consider revenues by year of contract expiration to be meaningful.
HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our People. We employed over 3,500 people as of December 31, 2024. Over 325 employees were engaged in overall management and general administration at our corporate headquarters in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the remainder, including approximately 975 local account executives, were employed in our operating offices.
Fifteen of our local offices employ billposters and construction personnel who are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our relationship with our employees, including our approximately 100 unionized employees, is favorable, and we have never experienced a strike or work stoppage.
As Lamar’s business continues to grow, so does the Company’s strong commitment to recruiting a work force with diverse talents, as well as to developing and retaining the successful members of our sales and management teams. Our 975 local account executives and approximately 170 local management employees have been with the Company for an average of 12 years. We regularly provide on-site training and remote sales training videos to enhance the skills of our sales and management team members.
We employ approximately 1,100 operations employees, including operations management. These employees are responsible for installing advertising copy, maintaining our billboard inventory and ensuring our billboards, logos and transit displays are in safe operating condition. We empower these employees to have a safety-first mentality, which includes the authority to stop an installation or other work job for any safety concern. We also provide training and certification to our operations employees, including training for crane operations and climbing safety. Our management regularly conducts scheduled safety meetings and unscheduled job observations to ensure that we maintain a safety mindset every day.
Diversity and inclusion. We recognize that our organization grows stronger as we are able to draw on the skills of employees with a variety of backgrounds and life experiences, particularly as the audiences that we serve become more diverse. We want to embrace Lamar employees’ unique differences of race, gender and gender identity, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, nationality, socioeconomic status, language, ability, age, religious commitment, veteran status, or political perspective. As such, we are committed to cultivating a culture where all employees see the opportunity to show up to work as their most authentic selves.
As of December 31, 2024, approximately 37% of our work force was female, 18% of our employees and 33% of our named executive officers identified themselves as minorities, while 33% of our Board of Directors was female and one of our nine directors was a member of a minority group.
We have established several initiatives aimed at further diversifying our work force, including establishing an alliance with several hiring networks that helps bring us a more diverse pool of candidates. Our Executive Vice President of Human Resources and the HR department are charged with providing training that grows and develops our teams and reinforces our commitment to treat all of our employees with dignity and respect.
INFLATION
As a result of the inflationary environment in the U.S., we have experienced increases in our direct and general and administrative costs, including increases in labor costs, utilities and equipment rentals. Increases in expenses were largely offset by increases in our advertising rates. We also experienced increased interest expenses related to rising interest rates. We will continue to monitor the inflationary environment and these pressures and any resulting impacts on our financial position and results of operations.
SEASONALITY
Our revenues and operating results are subject to seasonality. Typically, we experience our strongest financial performance in the summer and fall, and our weakest financial performance in the first quarter of the calendar year, partly because retailers cut back their advertising spending immediately following the holiday shopping season. We expect this trend to continue in the future. Because a significant portion of our expenses is fixed, a reduction in revenues in any quarter is likely to result in a period-to-period decline in operating performance and net earnings.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports available free of charge through our website, www.lamar.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing them with, or furnishing them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure
The Company’s substantial debt may adversely affect its business, financial condition and financial results.
The Company has borrowed substantially in the past and will continue to borrow in the future. At December 31, 2024, Lamar Advertising Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media, had approximately $3.21 billion of total debt outstanding, net of deferred financing costs, consisting of approximately $877.9 million in bank debt outstanding under Lamar Media’s senior credit facility, $2.08 billion in various series of senior notes, $249.4 million under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and $1.2 million in other seller notes. Despite the level of debt presently outstanding, the terms of the indentures governing Lamar Media’s notes and the terms of the senior credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program allow Lamar Media to incur substantially more debt, including approximately $457.2 million available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2024.
The Company’s substantial debt and its use of cash flow from operations to make principal and interest payments on its debt may, among other things:
•make it more difficult for the Company to comply with the financial covenants in its senior credit facility and in its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, which could result in a default and an acceleration of all amounts outstanding under the facility or under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program;
•limit the cash flow available to fund the Company’s working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements;
•limit the Company’s ability to obtain additional financing to fund future dividend distributions, working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate requirements;
•place the Company at a competitive disadvantage relative to those of its competitors that have less debt;
•force the Company to seek and obtain alternate or additional sources of funding, which may be unavailable, or may be on less favorable terms, or may require the Company to obtain the consent of lenders under its senior credit facility or the holders of its other debt;
•limit the Company’s flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business and industry; and
•increase the Company’s vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions.
Lamar Media has variable rate debt outstanding under the senior credit facility and its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Increases in the interest rates applicable to these borrowings have resulted in increased interest expense, which has impacted the Company's net income. Interest rates may continue to increase as a result of macroeconomic factors outside of our control. The Company may take actions in the future to mitigate its interest rate exposure, however, it cannot guarantee that the actions that it takes to mitigate these risks will be effective. Additionally, to the extent we refinance existing debt obligations or seek to enter into new debt financing arrangements in the current interest rate environment, we expect that such arrangements would be subject to higher interest rates than our existing debt obligations, which would further increase our interest expense.
Any of these problems could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and financial results.
The Company may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy its significant debt service obligations.
The Company’s ability to generate cash flow from operations to make principal and interest payments on its debt will depend on its future performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive and business factors. The Company cannot control many of these factors, including general economic conditions, its customers’ allocation of advertising expenditures among available media and the amount spent on advertising in general, and its business would be negatively impacted if the general economy were to deteriorate in the future. If its operations do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy its debt service obligations, the Company may need to borrow additional funds to make these payments or undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring its debt, or reducing or delaying capital investments and acquisitions. The Company cannot guarantee that such additional funds or alternative financing will be available on favorable terms, if at all. The Company’s inability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or obtain additional funds or alternative financing on acceptable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Restrictions in the Company’s and Lamar Media’s debt agreements reduce operating flexibility and contain covenants and restrictions that create the potential for defaults, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and financial results.
The terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict the ability of the Company and Lamar Media to, among other things:
•incur or repay debt;
•dispose of assets;
•create liens;
•make investments;
•enter into affiliate transactions; and
•pay dividends and make inter-company distributions.
At December 31, 2024, the terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and of its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program also restrict the Company from exceeding a specified secured debt ratio. Lamar Media is also subject to certain other financial covenants relating to the incurrence of additional debt. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a description of the specific financial ratio requirements under the senior credit facility.
The Company’s ability to comply with the financial covenants in the senior credit facility, Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and the indentures governing Lamar Media’s outstanding notes (and to comply with similar covenants in any future agreements) depends on its operating performance, which in turn depends significantly on prevailing economic, financial and business conditions and other factors that are beyond the Company’s control. Therefore, despite its best efforts and execution of its strategic plan, the Company may be unable to comply with these financial covenants in the future.
The Company is currently in compliance with all financial covenants. However, if in the future there are economic declines the Company can make no assurance that these declines will not negatively impact the Company’s financial results and, in turn, its ability to meet these financial covenant requirements. If Lamar Media fails to comply with its financial covenants, Lamar Media could be in default under the senior credit facility and the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program (which could result in an event of default under the indentures governing its outstanding notes). In the event of such a default under the senior credit facility, the lenders under the senior credit facility could accelerate all of the debt outstanding, could elect to institute foreclosure proceedings against Lamar Media’s assets, and the Company could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. Any of these events could adversely affect Lamar Media’s business, financial condition and financial results. In the event of such a default under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, the lenders under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program could accelerate all of the debt outstanding, could elect to institute foreclosure proceedings against the assets of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries (as defined herein), and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. Any of these events could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and financial results.
In addition, these restrictions reduce the Company’s operating flexibility and could prevent the Company from exploiting investment, acquisition, marketing, or other time-sensitive business opportunities.
The Company is controlled by significant stockholders who have the power to determine the outcome of all matters submitted to the stockholders for approval and whose interest in the Company may be different than yours.
As of December 31, 2024, members of the Reilly family, including Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., the Company’s Executive Chairman, and Sean Reilly, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, and their affiliates owned in the aggregate approximately 15% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, assuming the conversion of all Class B common stock to Class A common stock. As of that date, their combined holdings represented approximately 62% of the voting power of Lamar Advertising’s outstanding capital stock, which would give the Reilly family and their affiliates the power to:
•elect the Company’s entire Board of Directors;
•control the Company’s management and policies; and
•determine the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter requiring stockholder approval, including charter amendments, mergers, consolidations, financings and asset sales.
The Reilly family may have interests that are different than yours in making these decisions.
Our UPREIT structure may result in potential conflicts of interest.
We are structured as an “UPREIT,” which stands for “umbrella partnership real estate investment trust.” While limited partners of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) do not generally have any right to participate in or exercise management power over the business and affairs of the Operating Partnership, they do have the right to vote on certain amendments to the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership, as well as on certain other matters. Persons holding such voting rights may exercise them in a manner that conflicts with the interests of our stockholders.
The partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership provides that, for so long as we own a controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited partners shall be resolved by the general partner in favor of our stockholders. Circumstances may arise in the future when the interests of limited partners in the Operating Partnership may conflict with the interests of our stockholders.
Risks Related to Our Business
The Company’s growth through acquisitions may be difficult, which could adversely affect our future financial performance. In addition, if we are unable to successfully integrate any completed acquisitions, our financial performance would also be adversely affected.
The Company has historically grown through acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we completed acquisitions for a total cash purchase price of approximately $45.4 million.
The future success of our acquisition strategy could be adversely affected by many factors, including the following:
•the pool of suitable acquisition candidates is dwindling, and we may have a more difficult time negotiating acquisitions on favorable terms;
•we may face increased competition for acquisition candidates from other outdoor advertising companies and private equity funds (particularly funds that are focused on investing in media and/or infrastructure), some of which may have greater financial resources than we do, which may result in higher prices for those businesses and assets;
•we may not have access to the capital needed to finance potential acquisitions and may be unable to obtain any required consents from our current lenders to obtain alternate financing;
•compliance with REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain investments and may limit our acquisition opportunities;
•we may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and assets effectively with our existing operations and systems as a result of unforeseen difficulties that could divert significant time, attention and effort from management that could otherwise be directed at developing existing business;
•we may be unable to retain key personnel of acquired businesses;
•we may not realize the benefits and cost savings anticipated in our acquisitions; and
•as the industry consolidates further, larger mergers and acquisitions may face substantial scrutiny under antitrust laws.
These obstacles to our opportunistic acquisition strategy may have an adverse effect on our future financial results.
The Company could suffer losses due to asset impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets.
The Company tested goodwill for impairment on December 31, 2024. Based on the Company’s review at December 31, 2024, no impairment charge was required. The Company continues to assess whether factors or indicators become apparent that would require an interim impairment test between our annual impairment test dates. For instance, if our market capitalization is below our equity book value for a period of time without recovery, we believe there is a strong presumption that would indicate a triggering event has occurred and it is more likely than not that the fair value of one or more of our reporting units is below the carrying amount. This would require us to test the reporting units for impairment of goodwill. If this presumption cannot be overcome a reporting unit could be impaired under ASC 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and a non-cash charge would be required. Any such charge could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net earnings.
The Company’s logo sign contracts are subject to state award and renewal.
In 2024, the Company generated approximately 4% of its revenues from state-awarded logo sign contracts. In bidding for these contracts, the Company competes against other national logo sign providers as well as numerous smaller local logo sign providers. As a logo sign provider, the Company incurs significant start-up costs upon being awarded a new contract. These contracts generally have a term of five to ten years, with additional renewal periods. Some states reserve the right to terminate a contract early, and most contracts require the state to pay compensation to the Company as a logo sign provider for early termination. At the end of the contract term, the Company, as a logo sign provider, transfers ownership of the logo sign structures to the state. Depending on the contract, the logo provider may or may not be entitled to compensation for the structures at the end of the contract term.
Of the Company’s 24 logo sign contracts in place at December 31, 2024, four are subject to renewal or expiration in 2025. The Company may be unable to renew its expiring contracts. The Company may also lose the bidding on new contracts.
The Company’s transit advertising contracts are subject to the Company’s ability to obtain and renew favorable contracts with municipalities and airport authorities.
In 2024, the Company generated approximately 8% of its revenues from transit advertisements, which requires the Company to obtain, support, and renew its transit contracts. Transit contracts are generally with the local municipalities and airport authorities and allow us the exclusive right to rent advertising space to customers in airports and on buses, benches or shelters. We currently rent transit advertising displays in airport terminals and on bus shelters, benches and buses in over 80 transit markets. The terms of the contracts vary, but generally range between three to ten years, many with renewable options for contract extension. However, the Company may be unable to renew its expiring transit contracts or may lose the bidding on new contracts.
If the Company’s contingency plans relating to hurricanes and other natural disasters fail, the resulting losses could hurt the Company’s business.
The Company has determined that it is uneconomical to insure against losses resulting from hurricanes and other natural disasters for its outdoor or logo structure assets. Although the Company has fortified many of its advertising structures and developed contingency plans designed to mitigate the threat posed by hurricanes and other forms of inclement weather to its real estate portfolio (e.g., removing advertising faces at the onset of a storm, when possible, which better permits the structures to withstand high winds during the storm), these plans could fail and significant losses could result. To the extent that such natural disaster events become more frequent or destructive because of climate change, we may incur increased costs related to storm remediation and preparation.
The Company’s strategy involves continued investment in its digital platform, and we may fail to realize certain expected benefits of these investments and such investments may become more costly.
The success of the Company’s strategy of investing in its digital platform, and the realization of the benefits thereof, depends upon our ability to demonstrate the increased value and capabilities of digital advertising displays. If we experience significant technological failures with respect to our digital displays or if our customers fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the digital platform, we may experience decreased demand for advertising on our digital billboards. Additionally, we may experience increased costs related to our deployment of digital billboards, if the technological components used in our digital billboards increase in cost or if there are shortages of such components. We may also face difficulties obtaining new permits for digital displays or we may be unable to renew permits for our existing digital displays due to a variety of factors, including due to potential new governmental regulations and restrictions on digital signs. Any of these factors may make it more difficult to realize the benefits of our investments in our digital platform, which may have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.
A REIT generally is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders. The Company may have available net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards that could reduce or substantially eliminate its REIT taxable income, and thus it may not be required to distribute material amounts of cash to qualify for taxation as a REIT. The Company expects that it may utilize available NOL carry forwards to reduce its REIT taxable income.
The Board of Directors of the Company, in its sole discretion, will determine on a quarterly basis the amount of cash to be distributed to its stockholders based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the Company’s results of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant restrictions that may impose limitations on cash payments, future acquisitions and divestitures, any stock repurchase program, and general market demand for its advertising space available for rent. Consequently, the Company’s distribution levels may fluctuate.
The Lamar Advertising charter, the Lamar Advertising bylaws and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also limit the market price of Lamar Advertising stock.
Provisions of the Lamar Advertising charter, the Lamar Advertising bylaws and applicable provisions of Delaware law may make it more difficult for or prevent a third party from acquiring control of Lamar Advertising without the approval of the Board of Directors. These provisions:
•impose restrictions on ownership and transfer of Lamar Advertising common stock that are intended to facilitate the Company’s compliance with certain REIT rules relating to share ownership;
•limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders;
•establish advance notice and informational requirements and time limitations on any director nomination or proposal that a stockholder wishes to make at a meeting of stockholders;
•do not permit cumulative voting in the election of its directors, which would otherwise permit less than a majority of stockholders to elect directors; and
•provide the Board of Directors the ability to issue additional classes and shares of preferred stock and to set voting rights, preferences and other terms of the preferred stock without stockholder approval.
In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law generally limits the Company’s ability to engage in any business combination with certain persons who own 15% or more of its outstanding voting stock or any of its associates or affiliates who at any time in the past three years have owned 15% or more of its outstanding voting stock.
These provisions may have the effect of entrenching the Company’s management team and may deprive the Company’s stockholders of the opportunity to sell their shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices. This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of Lamar Advertising common stock.
Risks Related to Our Industry
The Company’s revenues are sensitive to the state of the economy and the financial markets generally and other external events beyond the Company’s control.
The Company rents advertising space on outdoor structures to generate revenues. Advertising spending is particularly sensitive to changes in economic conditions, and macroeconomic conditions such as rising interest rates and inflation may impact our industry more negatively than the economy as a whole.
Additionally, the occurrence of any of the following external events could further depress the Company’s revenues:
•a widespread reallocation of advertising expenditures to other available media by significant renters of the Company’s displays; and
•a decline in the amount spent on advertising, in general, or outdoor advertising in particular as a result of macroeconomic factors, which may occur during a recession or in periods of economic uncertainty.
The Company faces competition from larger and more diversified outdoor advertisers and other forms of advertising that could hurt its performance.
While the Company enjoys a significant market share in many of its small and medium-sized markets, the Company faces competition from other outdoor advertisers and other media in all of its markets. Although the Company is one of the largest companies focusing exclusively on outdoor advertising in a relatively fragmented industry, it competes against larger companies with diversified operations, such as television, radio and other broadcast media. These diversified competitors have the advantage of cross-selling complementary advertising products to advertisers.
The Company also competes against an increasing variety of out-of-home advertising media, such as advertising displays in shopping centers, malls, airports, stadiums, movie theaters and supermarkets, and on taxis, trains and buses. The Company also faces competition from advertising in other forms of media including online (including display, search, and social media advertising); applications used in conjunction with wireless devices; broadcast, cable and streaming television; radio; direct mail marketing; and traditional print media. The industry competes for advertising revenue along the following dimensions: exposure (the number of “impressions” an advertisement makes), advertising rates (generally measured in cost-per-thousand impressions), ability to target specific demographic groups or geographies, effectiveness, quality of related services (such as advertising copy design and layout) and customer service. The Company may be unable to compete successfully along these dimensions in the future, and the competitive pressures that the Company faces could adversely affect its profitability or financial performance.
Additional content-based restrictions on the categories of customers that can advertise on our outdoor advertising structures may be implemented by governmental authorities.
Federal, state or local authorities may seek to restrict or prohibit the use of outdoor advertising with respect to certain products and services. For instance, the use of billboards to advertise certain types of tobacco products is effectively banned in our markets, and in certain cases, state and local governments also prohibit or restrict the use of outdoor advertising for other types of products or services. If additional content-based restrictions are implemented by governmental authorities, certain segments of our customers may not be able to utilize outdoor advertising in the future, which could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
Federal, state and local regulation impact the Company’s operations, financial condition and financial results.
Outdoor advertising is subject to governmental regulation at the federal, state and local levels. Regulations generally restrict the size, spacing, lighting and other aspects of advertising structures and pose a significant barrier to entry and expansion in many markets. Federal law, principally the Highway Beautification Act of 1965, or the HBA, regulates outdoor advertising on Federal - Aid Primary, Interstate and National Highway Systems roads. The HBA requires states, through the adoption of individual Federal/State Agreements, to “effectively control” outdoor advertising along these roads, and mandates a state compliance program and state standards regarding size, spacing and lighting. These state standards, or their local and municipal equivalents, may be modified over time in response to legal challenges or otherwise, which may have an adverse effect on our business. The HBA requires any state or political subdivision that compels the removal of a lawful billboard along a Federal - Aid Primary or Interstate highway to pay just compensation to the billboard owner.
All states have passed billboard control statutes and regulations at least as restrictive as the federal requirements, including laws requiring the removal of illegal signs at the owner’s expense (and without compensation from the state). Although the Company believes that the number of our billboards that may be subject to removal as illegal is immaterial, and no state in which we operate has banned billboards entirely, from time to time governments have required us to remove signs and billboards legally erected in accordance with federal, state and local permit requirements and laws. Municipal and county governments generally also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws and building codes. We contest laws and regulations that we believe unlawfully restrict our constitutional or other legal rights and may adversely impact the growth of our outdoor advertising business.
Using federal funding for transportation enhancement programs, state governments have purchased and removed billboards for beautification, and may do so again in the future. Under the power of eminent domain, state or municipal governments have laid claim to property and forced the removal of billboards. Under a concept called amortization by which a governmental body asserts that a billboard operator has earned compensation by continued operation over time, local governments have attempted to force removal of legal but nonconforming billboards (i.e., billboards that conformed to applicable zoning regulations when built but which do not conform to current zoning regulations). Although the legality of amortization is questionable, it has been upheld in some instances. Often, municipal and county governments also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws, with some local governments prohibiting construction of new billboards or allowing new construction only to replace existing structures. Although we have generally been able to obtain satisfactory compensation for those of our billboards purchased or removed as a result of governmental action, there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.
We have continued to expand the deployment of digital billboards, which display static digital advertising copy from various advertisers that change every 6 to 8 seconds. We have encountered some existing regulations that restrict or prohibit these types of digital displays but it has not yet materially impacted our digital deployment. However, new regulations could be enacted to impose greater restrictions on digital billboards due to alleged concerns over aesthetics or driver safety.
The findings of future studies related to the impact of digital billboards on driver safety issues, if any, may result in regulations at the federal or state level that impose greater restrictions on digital billboards. Any new restrictions on digital billboards could have a material adverse effect on both our existing inventory of digital billboards and our plans to expand our digital deployment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business and operations could suffer in the event of cybersecurity breaches and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure.
The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions, has generally increased and become more sophisticated over time. Although we have implemented physical and electronic security measures designed to protect against the loss, misuse and alteration of our websites, digital assets, proprietary business information and any personal identifiable information (“PII”) that we collect, no security measures are impenetrable and we and outside parties we interact with may be unable to anticipate or prevent unauthorized access. A security breach could occur due to the actions of outside parties, employee error, malfeasance or a combination of these or other actions. An increase in the number of our employees and outside parties with which we do business working remotely may increase the risk of a cybersecurity incident, which has required us to modify our security measures.
If an actual or perceived breach of our security were to occur, proprietary or competitive information may be misappropriated, and we could experience disruptions in our business operations, information processes and internal controls. In addition, the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures may be harmed and adversely affect our competitive position. In the event of a security breach, we could suffer significant legal and financial exposure in connection
with remediation efforts, investigations and legal proceedings, which could lead to the need for additional resources in our security and system protection measures.
We have been and expect to continue to be the target of fraudulent activities and security breaches; however, to date they have not had a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We could be negatively impacted by environmental, social and governance (ESG) and sustainability matters.
Governments, shareholders, customers, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly focusing on corporate ESG practices and disclosures, and expectations in this area are rapidly evolving and growing. We may incur costs related to ESG initiatives, including those related to producing enhanced mandatory or voluntary disclosures about our business. If we are unable to respond effectively to ESG matters, our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
If Lamar Advertising fails to remain qualified as a REIT, both Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media would be taxed as regular C corporations and would not be able to deduct distributions to the stockholders of Lamar Advertising when computing their taxable income.
Lamar Advertising elected to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes starting with its taxable year ended December 31, 2014 and for each subsequent taxable year thereafter. REIT qualification involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) to Lamar Advertising’s assets and operations as well as various factual determinations concerning matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. There are limited judicial or administrative interpretations of these provisions. Although Lamar Advertising plans to operate in a manner consistent with the REIT qualification rules, the Company cannot assure you that it will so qualify or remain so qualified. Lamar Media is treated as a qualified REIT subsidiary of Lamar Advertising that is disregarded as separate from its parent REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If, in any taxable year, Lamar Advertising fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT, and is not entitled to relief under the Code:
•it will not be allowed a deduction for distributions to its stockholders in computing its taxable income;
•it and its corporate subsidiaries, including Lamar Media, will be subject to applicable federal and state income tax, including any applicable state-level alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate rates;
•it and its REIT subsidiaries would be subject to a 15% corporate minimum tax under the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Global Anti-Base Erosion Rules (referred to as Pillar Two rules); and
•it would be disqualified from REIT tax treatment for the four taxable years following the year during which it was so disqualified.
Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to Lamar Advertising’s stockholders, and may require it to borrow funds (under Lamar Media’s senior credit facility or otherwise) or liquidate some investments to pay any such additional tax liability. This adverse impact could last for five or more years because, unless it is entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, it will be taxable as a corporation, beginning in the year in which the failure occurs, and it will not be allowed to re-elect to be taxed as a REIT for the following four years.
Even if it qualifies as a REIT, certain of Lamar Advertising’s and its subsidiaries’ business activities will be subject to U.S. and foreign taxes which will continue to reduce its cash flows, and it will have potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities.
Even if it qualifies as a REIT, Lamar Advertising may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes and foreign taxes on its income and assets, including any applicable state-level alternative minimum taxes, taxes on any undistributed income, and state, local or foreign income, franchise, property and transfer taxes. In addition, the Company could in certain circumstances be required to pay an excise or penalty tax, which could be significant in amount, in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain qualification for taxation as a REIT.
In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company holds certain of its non-qualifying REIT assets and receives certain non-qualifying items of income through one or more TRSs. These non-qualifying REIT assets consist principally of the Company’s advertising services business and its transit advertising business. Those TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject, as applicable, to U.S. federal and state corporate income taxes. Furthermore, the Company’s assets and operations outside the United States are subject to foreign taxes in the jurisdictions in which those assets and operations are located. In addition, the Company may incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS if they are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Any of these taxes would decrease the Company’s earnings and its cash available for distributions to stockholders.
The Company was subject to a U.S. federal income tax at the highest regular corporate rate (currently 21%) on all or a portion of the gain recognized from a sale of assets occurring within five years after the effective date of our REIT conversion, to the extent of the built-in gain based on the fair market value of those assets held by the Company on the effective date of REIT conversion in excess of the Company’s then tax basis in those assets. Such five-year period has expired with respect to the Company but certain tax years for which this rule applied remain open such that additional taxes could be assessed with respect to sales in those tax years. The same rules apply to any assets we acquire from a “C” corporation in a carry-over basis transaction with built-in gain at the time of the acquisition by us. Gain from a sale of an asset occurring after the specified period ends will not be subject to this corporate level tax.
Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividend income from non-REIT corporations.
Qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates are generally subject to tax at reduced rates. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced qualified dividend rates. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, non-corporate taxpayers may generally deduct 20% of certain pass-through business income, including “qualified REIT dividends” (generally, dividends received by a REIT shareholder that are not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income), subject to certain limitations. Although this deduction reduces the effective tax rate applicable to certain dividends paid by REITs, such tax rate may still be higher than the tax rate applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends. This may cause investors to view REIT investments as less attractive than investments in non-REIT corporations, which in turn may adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our stock.
Gain on disposition of assets deemed held for sale in the ordinary course of business is subject to 100% tax.
If we sell any of our assets, the IRS may determine that the sale is a disposition of an asset held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Gain from this kind of sale will generally be subject to a 100% tax. Whether an asset is held "primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business" depends on the particular facts and circumstances of the sale. Although we will attempt to comply with the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the Internal Revenue Code prescribing when asset sales will not be so characterized, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so.
Failure to make sufficient distributions would jeopardize Lamar Advertising’s qualification as a REIT and/or would subject it to U.S. federal income and excise taxes.
As a REIT, Lamar Advertising is required to distribute to its stockholders with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (excluding capital gains and net of any available NOL carry forwards) in order to qualify as a REIT, and 100% of its REIT taxable income (excluding capital gains and net of any available NOL carry forwards) in order to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. For these purposes, Lamar Advertising’s subsidiaries that are not TRSs, including Lamar Media, will be treated as part of the REIT and therefore Lamar Advertising also will be required to distribute out their taxable income.
Because the REIT distribution requirements will prevent us from retaining earnings, we may be required to refinance debt at maturity with additional debt or equity, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.
Covenants specified in our existing and future debt instruments may limit Lamar Advertising’s ability to make required REIT distributions.
Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes contain certain covenants that could limit Lamar Advertising’s distributions to its stockholders. If these limits prevent Lamar Advertising from satisfying its REIT distribution requirements, it could fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT. If these limits do not jeopardize Lamar Advertising’s qualification for taxation as a REIT but do nevertheless prevent it from distributing 100% of its REIT taxable income, it will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax, and potentially a nondeductible excise tax, on the retained amounts.
Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries may be required to borrow funds, sell assets, or raise equity to satisfy its REIT distribution requirements or maintain the asset tests.
In order to meet the REIT distribution requirements and maintain its qualification and taxation as a REIT and avoid corporate income taxes, Lamar Advertising and/or its subsidiaries, including Lamar Media, may need to borrow funds, sell assets or raise equity, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings, sales or offerings. Any insufficiency of its cash flows to cover Lamar Advertising’s REIT distribution requirements could require it to raise short- and long-term debt, to sell assets, or to offer equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain its qualification and taxation as a REIT and avoid corporate income taxes. Furthermore, the REIT distribution requirements may increase the financing Lamar Advertising needs to fund capital expenditures, future growth and expansion initiatives. This would increase its total leverage.
In addition, if Lamar Advertising fails to comply with certain asset tests at the end of any calendar quarter, it must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing its REIT qualification. As a result, it may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions may reduce its income and amounts available for distribution to its stockholders.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause Lamar Advertising, its subsidiaries (other than TRSs) to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Lamar Advertising must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of its income, the nature and diversification of its assets, the amounts it distributes to its stockholders and the ownership of Lamar Advertising common stock. For these purposes, Lamar Advertising is treated as owning the assets of and receiving or accruing the income of its subsidiaries (other than TRSs). Thus, compliance with these tests will require Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries to refrain from certain activities and may hinder their ability to make certain attractive investments, including investments in the businesses to be conducted by TRSs, and to that extent limit their opportunities. Furthermore, acquisition opportunities in domestic and international markets may be adversely affected if Lamar Advertising needs or requires the target company to comply with certain REIT requirements prior to closing.
Ownership limitations contained in the Lamar Advertising charter may restrict stockholders from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of shares.
In order for Lamar Advertising to remain qualified as a REIT, no more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of its stock may be owned, directly or indirectly or through application of certain attribution rules, by five or fewer “individuals” (as defined in the Code) at any time during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first taxable year for which an election to be a REIT has been made). To preserve its REIT qualification, the Lamar Advertising charter generally prohibits any person or entity from owning actually and by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Lamar Advertising common stock. These ownership limitations could restrict stockholders from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of shares of its stock. The Lamar Advertising charter also provides a separate share ownership limitation for certain members of the Reilly family and their affiliates that allows them to own actually and by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions no more than 19% of the outstanding shares of Lamar Advertising common stock and, during the second half of any taxable year other than its first taxable year as a REIT, no more than 33% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of its stock, in each case excluding any shares of its stock that are not treated as outstanding for federal income tax purposes.
If Lamar Advertising’s operating partnership does not qualify as a partnership, its income may be subject to taxation, and Lamar Advertising would no longer qualify as a REIT.
The Internal Revenue Code classifies “publicly traded partnerships” as associations taxable as corporations (rather than as partnerships), unless substantially all of their taxable income consists of specified types of passive income. Lamar Advertising structured the Operating Partnership to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. However, no assurance can be given the IRS will not challenge Lamar Advertising’s position or will not classify the Operating Partnership as a “publicly traded partnership” for federal income tax purposes. To minimize this risk, Lamar Advertising has placed certain restrictions on the transfer and/or redemption of partnership units in the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership. If the IRS would assert successfully that the Operating Partnership should be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” and substantially all of the Operating Partnership’s gross income did not consist of the specified types of passive income, the Internal Revenue Code would treat the Operating Partnership as an association taxable as a corporation. In such event, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and would likely prevent us from satisfying the REIT asset and income tests. This, in turn, would likely prevent Lamar Advertising from qualifying as a REIT. In addition, the imposition of a corporate tax on the Operating Partnership would reduce the amount of distributions the Operating Partnership
could make to Lamar Advertising and, in turn, reduce the amount of cash available to Lamar Advertising to pay dividends to our shareholders.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the CARES Act and the Inflation Reduction Act, OECD Global Anti-Base Erosion Rules, as well as any future tax legislation, may impact the Company’s business and security holders.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial, and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of federal and state income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in our notes. In particular, the comprehensive tax reform legislation enacted in December 2017 and commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) made many significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws that have profoundly impacted the taxation of individuals and corporations (including both regular C corporations and corporations that have elected to be taxed as REITs). A number of changes that affect noncorporate taxpayers will expire at the end of 2025 unless Congress acts to extend them. Among other changes, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), signed into law on March 27, 2020, makes certain changes to the TCJA. These changes have impacted us and holders of our securities in various ways, some of which are adverse or potentially adverse compared to prior law. Additional changes to tax laws were enacted with the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) of 2022, signed into law on August 16, 2022. Many of the material provisions of the IRA exempt REITs. To date, the IRS has issued only limited guidance with respect to certain of the new provisions, and there are numerous interpretive issues that will require further guidance. It is highly likely that technical corrections of legislation will be needed to clarify certain aspects of the new law and give proper effect to Congressional intent.
The individual and collective impact of the changes made by the TCJA, the CARES Act and the IRA on REITs and their security holders is uncertain and may not become evident for some period of time. The effect of any technical corrections with respect to the TCJA, the CARES Act or the IRA could have an adverse effect on Lamar Advertising, its subsidiaries, and holders of its securities. It is also possible additional tax legislation could be enacted in the future, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, which could have an adverse effect on Lamar Advertising, its subsidiaries, and holders of its securities.
On December 20, 2021, the OECD published model rules to assist in the implementation of the Pillar Two minimum global tax rate of 15%. The Pillar Two model rules are designed to provide governments with a template for implementing Pillar Two of the agreement reached by 137 countries and jurisdictions under the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS to address the tax challenges arising from digitalization of the economy. Several OECD member countries have enacted Pillar Two related laws effective January 1, 2024, including Canada, where the Company operates. It is still uncertain whether the U.S. will enact Pillar Two legislation. The Pillar Two Rules, however, do not apply to “Excluded Entities” considered “Real Estate Investment Vehicles” and certain subsidiaries of Excluded Entities. We do not expect Pillar Two to have a material impact on the Company but additional legislation could be enacted in the future which could have an adverse effect on Lamar Advertising, its subsidiaries, and holders of its securities.
Lamar Advertising may potentially be unable to deduct the full amount of its interest expense pursuant to the TCJA and the CARES Act.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, interest deductions for businesses with average annual gross receipts of over $25 million are capped at 30% of the business’ “adjusted taxable income” plus business interest income pursuant to the TCJA. For these purposes, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2022, “adjusted taxable income” is computed without regard to deductions allowable for depreciation, amortization, or depletion. The CARES Act increased the aforementioned 30% limitation to 50% for taxable years beginning in 2019 or 2020 and permitted an entity to elect to use its 2019 adjusted taxable income to calculate the applicable limitation for its 2020 taxable year. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021, “adjusted taxable income” is calculated by taking deductions allowable for depreciation, amortization, or depletion into account. This limitation, however, does not apply to an “electing real property trade or business.” As a REIT, Lamar Advertising would generally constitute a real property trade or businesses, and thus would retain the ability to fully deduct interest expenses if it makes such an election. However, an entity making such an election must use a longer depreciation cost recovery period for its property. Lamar Advertising has not made such election to date and has not yet determined whether it will make such election at a later date.
Legislative changes or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative and judicial interpretations of those laws may be amended or interpreted in a different manner. Federal and state tax laws are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and state taxing authorities. Additional changes to the tax laws, regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations, which may have retroactive application, could adversely affect Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries. The Company cannot predict with certainty whether, when, in what forms, or with what effective dates, the tax laws, regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations
applicable to Lamar Advertising may be changed. Accordingly, the Company cannot assure you that any such change will not significantly affect Lamar Advertising’s ability to qualify for taxation as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to it of such qualification.
The ability of the Board of Directors of Lamar Advertising to revoke its REIT election, without stockholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to its stockholders.
The Lamar Advertising charter provides that the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the REIT election, without the approval of its stockholders, if the board determines that it is no longer in the Company’s best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If the Company ceases to be a REIT, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and applicable state and local corporate taxes, which may have adverse consequences on its total return to its stockholders.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our management headquarters is located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. We also own 126 local operating facilities with front office administration and sales office space connected to back-shop poster and bulletin production space. In addition, the Company leases an additional 162 operating facilities at an aggregate lease expense for 2024 of approximately $10.2 million.
We own approximately 10,900 parcels of property beneath our outdoor advertising structures. As of December 31, 2024, we leased approximately 71,500 active outdoor sites, accounting for a total annual lease expense of approximately $334.5 million. This amount represented approximately 17% of billboard advertising net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. These leases are for varying terms ranging from month-to-month to a term of over ten years, and many provide the Company with renewal options. There is no significant concentration of displays under any one lease or subject to negotiation with any one landlord. An important part of our management activity is to manage our lease portfolio and negotiate suitable lease renewals and extensions.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company from time to time is involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business, including disputes involving advertising contracts, site leases, employment claims and construction matters. The Company is also involved in routine administrative and judicial proceedings regarding billboard permits, fees and compensation for condemnations. The Company is not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding which, in the opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Company’s Class A common stock has been publicly traded since August 2, 1996 and is currently listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “LAMR.” As of December 31, 2024, the Class A common stock was held by 81 stockholders of record. The Company believes, however, that the actual number of beneficial holders of the Class A common stock may be substantially greater than the stated number of holders of record because a substantial portion of the Class A common stock is held in street name.
The Company’s Class B common stock is not publicly traded and is held of record by members of the Reilly family and their affiliated entities, including the Reilly Family, LLC (the “RFLLC”), formerly the Reilly Family Limited Partnership. Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., our Executive Chairman of the Board, is the executive manager of the RFLLC and Sean E. Reilly, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Wendell Reilly and Anna Reilly, each of whom is a member of our Board of Directors, are also managers of the RFLLC.
The Company’s Series AA preferred stock is entitled to preferential dividends, in an annual aggregate amount of $364,903, before any dividends may be paid on the common stock. All dividends related to the Company’s preferred stock are paid on a quarterly basis. In addition, the Company’s senior credit facility and other indebtedness have terms restricting the payment of dividends.
Dividends
As a REIT, we must annually distribute to our common stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). Generally, we expect to distribute all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income to avoid being subject to income tax or excise tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond our control, including our financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that we otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in our existing and future debt instruments, our ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset our distribution requirements, limitations on our ability to fund distributions using cash generated through our TRSs and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of the Company’s Class A common stock. On September 24, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through March 31, 2026. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2024. The Company’s management may opt not to make any repurchases under the program, or may make aggregate purchases less than the total amount authorized.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This report contains forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties including those described in Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements. The Company cautions investors not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this document. These statements speak only as of the date of this document, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the statements, except as may be required by law.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
The following is a discussion of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the related notes.
Discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 can be found in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
OVERVIEW
The Company’s net revenues are derived primarily from the rental of advertising space on outdoor advertising displays owned and operated by the Company. We manage our business through three operating segments - billboard, logo and transit advertising. Revenue growth is based on many factors that include the Company’s ability to increase occupancy of its existing advertising displays; raise advertising rates; and acquire new advertising displays and its operating results are therefore affected by general economic conditions, as well as trends in the advertising industry. Advertising spending is particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, which affect the rates the Company is able to charge for advertising on its displays and its ability to maximize advertising sales or occupancy on its displays.
Acquisitions and capital expenditures
Historically, the Company has made strategic acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets to increase the number of outdoor advertising displays it operates in existing and new markets. The Company continues to evaluate and pursue strategic acquisition opportunities as they arise. The Company has financed its historical acquisitions and intends to finance any future acquisition activity from available cash, borrowings under the senior credit facility and the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program or the issuance of debt or equity securities. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources- Sources of Cash,” for more information. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed multiple acquisitions for a total cash purchase price of approximately $45.4 million. See “Uses of Cash-Acquisitions,” for more information.
The Company’s business requires expenditures for maintenance and capitalized costs associated with the construction of new billboard displays, the entrance into and renewal of logo sign and transit contracts, and the purchase of real estate and operating equipment. The following table presents a breakdown of capitalized expenditures for the past two years:
2024 2023
(In thousands)
Billboard - Traditional $ 28,490 $ 54,965
Billboard - Digital 60,697 75,535
Logos 11,371 12,039
Transit 2,626 3,595
Land and buildings 7,324 15,494
PP&E 14,776 16,643
Total capital expenditures $ 125,284 $ 178,271
We expect our 2025 capital expenditures to be approximately $195 million.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Our management reviews our performance by focusing on several key performance indicators not prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“GAAP”). We believe these non-GAAP performance indicators are meaningful supplemental measures of our operating performance and should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
Included in our analysis of our results of operations are discussions regarding earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“adjusted EBITDA”), Funds From Operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”) and acquisition-adjusted net revenue.
We define adjusted EBITDA as net income before income tax expense (benefit), interest expense (income), equity in (earnings) loss of investee, loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt and investments, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, loss (gain) on disposition of assets and investments, transaction expenses and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net. Our management uses this measure internally to evaluate the performance of our business as a whole and our individual business segments.
FFO is defined as net income before (gain) loss from the sale or disposal of real estate assets and investments, net of tax, and real estate related depreciation and amortization and including adjustments to eliminate unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest.
We define AFFO as FFO before (i) straight-line income and expense; (ii) capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net; (iii) stock-based compensation expense; (iv) non-cash portion of tax expense (benefit); (v) non-real estate related depreciation and amortization; (vi) amortization of deferred financing costs; (vii) loss on extinguishment of debt; (viii) transaction expenses; (ix) non-recurring infrequent or unusual losses (gains); (x) less maintenance capital expenditures; and (xi) an adjustment for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest.
Acquisition-adjusted net revenue adjusts our net revenue for the prior period by adding to it the net revenue generated by the acquired assets before our acquisition of these assets for the same time frame that those assets were owned in the current period. In calculating acquisition-adjusted revenue, therefore, we include revenue generated by assets that we did not own in the period but acquired in the current period. We refer to the amount of pre-acquisition revenue generated by the acquired assets during the prior period that corresponds with the current period in which we owned the assets (to the extent within the period to which this report relates) as “acquisition net revenue”. In addition, we also adjust the prior period to subtract revenue generated by the assets that have been divested since the prior period and, therefore, no revenue derived from those assets is reflected in the current period.
Adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue are not intended to replace net income or any other performance measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Neither FFO nor AFFO represent cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and, therefore, these measures should not be considered indicative of cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity or of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. Rather, adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue are presented as we believe each is a useful indicator of our current operating performance. We believe that these metrics are useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance because (1) each is a key measure used by our management team for purposes of decision making and for evaluating our core operating results; (2) adjusted EBITDA is widely used in the industry to measure operating performance as depreciation and amortization may vary significantly among companies depending upon accounting methods and useful lives, particularly where acquisitions and non-operating factors are involved; (3) acquisition-adjusted net revenue is a supplement to net revenue to enable investors to compare period-over-period results on a more consistent basis without the effects of acquisitions and divestitures, which reflects our core performance and organic growth (if any) during the period in which the assets were owned and managed by us; (4) adjusted EBITDA, FFO and AFFO each provide investors with a meaningful measure for evaluating our period-to-period operating performance by eliminating items that are not operational in nature; and (5) each provides investors with a measure for comparing our results of operations to those of other companies.
Our measurement of adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue may not, however, be fully comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Reconciliations of adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, have been included herein.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents certain items in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a percentage of net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Net revenues 100.0 % 100.0 %
Operating expenses:
Direct advertising expenses 33.0 % 33.0 %
General and administrative expenses 16.4 % 16.3 %
Corporate expenses 5.9 % 5.0 %
Depreciation and amortization 21.0 % 13.9 %
Operating income 24.1 % 32.0 %
Interest expense 7.8 % 8.3 %
Income tax expense 0.2 % 0.5 %
Net income 16.4 % 23.5 %
Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year ended December 31, 2023
Net revenues increased $96.1 million or 4.6% to $2.21 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $2.11 billion for the same period in 2023. This increase was attributable to an increase in billboard net revenues of $78.4 million, an increase in transit net revenues of $16.1 million and an increase in logo net revenues of $1.7 million over the prior year.
Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to acquisition-adjusted net revenues for the comparable period in 2023, increased $89.1 million, or 4.2%. This increase was attributable to an increase of $71.2 million in billboard net revenues, an increase of $16.2 million in transit net revenues and an increase of $1.7 million in logo net revenues. See “Reconciliations” below.
Total operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and gain on disposition of assets, increased $70.5 million, or 6.1% to $1.22 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $1.15 billion in the same period in 2023. The $70.5 million increase over the prior year is primarily comprised of an increase in total direct, general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding stock-based compensation expense) of $48.7 million primarily related to the operations of our outdoor advertising assets, as well as an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $21.9 million.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $169.5 million to $463.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to $293.4 million for the same period in 2023. The increase is primarily due to the revision in the cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations during 2024.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a gain on disposition of assets of $6.1 million as compared to a gain on disposition of assets of $5.5 million for the same period in 2023. The gain on disposition of assets for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily resulted from transactions related to the sale of billboard locations and displays.
Due to the above factors, operating income decreased $143.4 million to $532.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $675.4 million for the same period in 2023.
Interest expense decreased $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $171.7 million as compared to $174.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in interest expense is related to the repayment of the Term A loans outstanding under the senior credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Equity in earnings of investee was $5.1 million and $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The decrease in operating income, partially offset by the decrease in interest expense over the comparable period in 2023, resulted in a $139.1 million decrease in net income before income taxes.
The Company recorded income tax expense of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to income tax expense of $9.8 million for the same period in 2023. The $4.5 million equates to an effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 of approximately 1.2%, which differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to our qualification for taxation as a REIT and adjustments for foreign items.
As a result of the above factors, the Company recognized net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $362.9 million, as compared to net income of $496.8 million for the same period in 2023.
Reconciliations:
Because acquisitions occurring after December 31, 2022 have contributed to our net revenue results for the periods presented, we provide 2023 acquisition-adjusted net revenue, which adjusts our 2023 net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 by adding to or subtracting from it the net revenue generated by the acquired or divested assets prior to our acquisition or divestiture of these assets for the same time frame that those assets were owned in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Reconciliations of 2023 reported net revenue to 2023 acquisition-adjusted net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 as well as a comparison of 2023 acquisition-adjusted net revenue to 2024 reported net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, are provided below:
Reconciliation and Comparison of Reported Net Revenue to Acquisition-Adjusted Net Revenue
Year ended
December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Reported net revenue $ 2,207,103 $ 2,110,987
Acquisition net revenue - 6,986
Adjusted totals $ 2,207,103 $ 2,117,973
Key Performance Indicators
Net Income/Adjusted EBITDA
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, Amount of Increase (Decrease) Percent Increase (Decrease)
2024 2023
Net income $ 362,939 $ 496,836 $ (133,897) (26.9) %
Income tax expense 4,531 9,782 (5,251)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 155
Interest expense, net 169,394 172,397 (3,003)
Equity in earnings of investee (5,094) (3,696) (1,398)
Gain on disposition of assets (6,057) (5,474) (583)
Depreciation and amortization 462,967 293,423 169,544
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net (317) (308) (9)
Stock-based compensation expense 44,525 22,649 21,876
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,158 $ 985,724 $ 47,434 4.8 %
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 4.8% to $1.03 billion. The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net) of $65.0 million, and was partially offset by an increase in general and administrative and corporate expenses of $17.6 million, excluding the impact of stock-based compensation expense.
Segmented Adjusted EBITDA
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, Amount of Increase (Decrease) Percent Increase (Decrease)
2024 2023
Billboard adjusted EBITDA $ 1,085,547 $ 1,024,911 $ 60,636
Other adjusted EBITDA(a)
50,137 56,179 (6,042)
Corporate expenses(b)
(102,526) (95,366) (7,160)
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,158 $ 985,724 $ 47,434 4.8 %
(a) Logo and transit advertising do not meet the criteria to be reportable segments, and accordingly, are included in Other.
(b)Corporate operations are not an operating segment. Corporate expenses include expenses related to infrastructure and support, including information technology, human resources, legal, finance and administrative functions of the Company, as well as overall executive, administrative and support functions.
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 4.8% to $1.03 billion. The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in our billboard advertising adjusted EBITDA of $60.6 million, offset by a decrease in other adjusted EBITDA of $6.0 million and an increase in corporate expenses of $7.2 million, excluding the impact of stock-based compensation expense.
Net Income/FFO/AFFO
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, Amount of Increase (Decrease) Percent Increase (Decrease)
2024 2023
Net income $ 362,939 $ 496,836 $ (133,897) (26.9) %
Depreciation and amortization related to real estate 446,844 281,026 165,818
Gain from sale or disposal of real estate, net of tax (5,784) (5,201) (583)
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest (5,581) (4,769) (812)
FFO $ 798,418 $ 767,892 $ 30,526 4.0 %
Straight-line expense 4,079 4,658 (579)
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net (317) (308) (9)
Stock-based compensation expense 44,525 22,649 21,876
Non-cash portion of tax provision (4,036) 2,384 (6,420)
Non-real estate related depreciation and amortization 16,123 12,397 3,726
Amortization of deferred financing costs 6,332 6,538 (206)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 155
Capital expenditures - maintenance (51,986) (58,820) 6,834
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest 5,581 4,769 812
AFFO $ 818,989 $ 762,274 $ 56,715 7.4 %
FFO for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $798.4 million as compared to FFO of $767.9 million for the same period in 2023. AFFO for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 7.4% to $819.0 million as compared to $762.3 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in AFFO was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net), partially offset by an increase in total general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense).
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
The Company has historically satisfied its working capital requirements with cash from operations and borrowings under its senior credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media Corp., is the principal borrower under the senior credit facility and maintains all corporate operating cash balances. Certain subsidiaries of Lamar Media are the principal borrowers under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Any cash requirements of the Company, therefore, must be funded by distributions from Lamar Media.
Sources of Cash
Total Liquidity. As of December 31, 2024 we had $506.7 million of total liquidity, which is comprised of $49.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $457.2 million of availability under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility. We expect our total liquidity to be adequate for the Company to meet its operational requirements for the next twelve months. We are currently in compliance with the maintenance covenant included in the senior credit facility and we would remain in compliance after giving effect to borrowing the full amount available to us under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of $353.2 million and $340.7 million, respectively. The working capital deficit for the year ended December 31, 2024 is primarily related to the $249.4 million outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as well as $218.1 million in current operating lease liabilities which has a corresponding right of use asset recorded in long term assets. We expect to have enough cash on hand and availability under our revolving credit facility to meet our operating needs for the next twelve months.
Cash Generated by Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 our cash provided by operating activities was $873.6 million and $783.6 million, respectively. The increase in cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 over the same period in 2023 relates to an increase in revenues, offset by an increase in operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization). We expect to generate cash flows from operations during 2025 in excess of our cash needs for operations, capital expenditures and dividends, as described herein.
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. On June 24, 2022, Lamar Media and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries entered into the Sixth Amendment (the "Sixth Amendment") to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, as amended. The Sixth Amendment increased the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program from $175.0 million to $250.0 million and extended the maturity date of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to July 21, 2025. Additionally, the Sixth Amendment provides for the replacement of LIBOR-based interest rate mechanics with Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Term SOFR") based interest rate mechanics for the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.
The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was set to mature on July 21, 2025, but was subsequently extended to October 15, 2027 by the Seventh Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement dated October 15, 2024; provided, that, if on the date (a “Securitization Springing Maturity Test Date”) that is 91 days prior to the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media’s Term Loan B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027), (a) any of the outstanding Term B loans has a scheduled maturity date prior to the date that is 91 days prior to the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media’s revolving credit facility (which is currently July 31, 2028) and (b) the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as (i) unused commitments under the revolving credit facility plus (ii) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus (iii) borrowing availability under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term Loan B loans, then the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program will mature on such Securitization Springing Maturity Test Date. Lamar Media may amend the facility to further extend the maturity date, enter into a new securitization facility with a different maturity date, or refinance the indebtedness outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program using borrowings under its senior credit facility or from other financing sources.
Borrowing capacity under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is limited to the availability of eligible accounts receivable collateralizing the borrowings under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. In connection with the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, Lamar Media and certain of its subsidiaries (such subsidiaries, the “Subsidiary Originators”) sell and/or contribute their existing and future accounts receivable and certain related assets to one of two special purpose subsidiaries, Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC (the “QRS SPV”) and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC (the “TRS SPV” and together with the QRS SPV the “Special Purpose Subsidiaries”), each of which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lamar Media. Existing and future accounts receivable relating to Lamar Media and its qualified REIT subsidiaries will be sold and/or contributed to the QRS SPV and existing and future accounts receivable relating to Lamar
Media’s TRSs will be sold and/or contributed to the TRS SPV. Each of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries has granted the lenders party to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program a security interest in all of its assets, which consist of the accounts receivable and related assets sold or contributed to them, as described above, in order to secure the obligations of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Pursuant to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, Lamar Media has agreed to service the accounts receivable on behalf of the two Special Purpose Subsidiaries for a fee. Lamar Media has also agreed to guaranty its performance in its capacity as servicer and originator, as well as the performance of the Subsidiary Originators, of their obligations under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. None of Lamar Media, the Subsidiary Originators or the Special Purpose Subsidiaries guarantees the collectability of the receivables under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. In addition, each of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries is a separate legal entity with its own separate creditors who will be entitled to access the assets of such Special Purpose Subsidiary before the assets become available to Lamar Media. Accordingly, the assets of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries are not available to pay creditors of Lamar Media or any of its subsidiaries, although collections from receivables in excess of the amounts required to repay the lenders and the other creditors of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries may be remitted to Lamar Media.
As of December 31, 2024, there was $250.0 million of outstanding aggregate borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program at a borrowing rate of approximately 5.4%. Lamar Media had no additional availability under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as of December 31, 2024.
“At-the-Market” Offering Program. On July 24, 2024, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement, or At-the-Market Offering agreement, (the "2024 Sales Agreement"), with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Truist Securities, Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. as our sales agents (each a "Sales Agent", and collectively, the "Sales Agents"), which replaced the prior Sales Agreement with substantially similar terms (the "2021 Sales Agreement". Under the terms of the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Class A common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $400.0 million through the Sales Agents as either agents or principals. Sales of the Class A common stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be "at-the-market offerings" as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Global Select Market and any other existing trading market for the Class A common stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Class A common stock under the 2024 Sales Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the 2024 Sales Agreement. The Company intends to use the net proceeds, if any, from the sale of the Class A common stock pursuant to the 2024 Sales Agreement for general corporate purposes, which may include the repayment, refinancing, redemption or repurchase of existing indebtedness, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisition of outdoor advertising assets and businesses and other related investments. The Company did not issue any shares under this program during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The Company did not issue any shares under the 2021 Sales Agreement from inception through expiration.
Shelf Registration Statement. On June 21, 2021, the Company filed an automatically effective shelf registration statement that allows Lamar Advertising to offer and sell an indeterminate amount of additional shares of its Class A common stock. The shelf registration statement expired on June 21, 2024. On July 24, 2024, the Company filed a new automatically effective shelf registration statement that allows the Company to offer and sell an indeterminate amount of additional shares of its Class A common stock, which replaces the previous shelf registration statement. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not issue any shares under either of the shelf registration statements.
Credit Facilities. On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, under which the parties agreed to amend and restate Lamar Media’s existing senior credit facility. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended (the "Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement").
On July 2, 2021, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 1 (the "Amendment"), to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Amendment amends the definition of "Subsidiary" to exclude each of Lamar Partnering Sponsor LLC and Lamar Partnering Corporation and any of their subsidiaries (collectively, the "Lamar Partnering Entities") such that, after the giving effect to the Amendment, none of the Lamar Partnering Entities are subject to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement covenants and reporting requirements, but any investment by Lamar Media in any of the Lamar Partnering Entities would be subject to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement covenants. The Amendment also amends the definition of "EBITDA" to replace the existing calculation with a net income-based calculation, which excludes the
income of non-Subsidiary entities such as the Lamar Partnering Entities, except to the extent that income of such entities is received by Lamar Media in the form of dividends or distributions.
The senior credit facility, as established by the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “senior credit facility”), consists of (i) a $750.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility which will mature on July 31, 2028, subject to certain conditions (see description of Amendment No. 4 below) (the “revolving credit facility”), (ii) a $600.0 million senior secured Term B loan facility (the “Term B loans”) which will mature on February 6, 2027, and (iii) an incremental facility (the “Incremental Facility”) pursuant to which Lamar Media may incur additional term loan tranches or increase its revolving credit facility subject to a pro forma secured debt ratio calculated as described under “Restrictions under Senior Credit Facility” of 4.50 to 1.00, as well as certain other conditions, including lender approval. Lamar Media borrowed all $600.0 million in Term B loans on February 6, 2020. The entire amount of the Term B loans will be payable at maturity.
The Term B loans bear interest at rates based on Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (Term SOFR plus such credit spread adjustment, the "Adjusted Term SOFR Rate") or the Adjusted Base Rate, at Lamar Media's option. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on Term SOFR bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50%. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on the Adjusted Base Rate bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50%. The revolving credit facility bears interest at rates based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR revolving loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate (“Base Rate revolving loans”), at Lamar Media’s option. Term SOFR revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The guarantees, covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term B loans and revolving credit facility.
On July 29, 2022, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 2 ("Amendment No. 2") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 2 established the Term A loans as a new class of incremental term loans. The Term A loans were set to mature on February 6, 2025 and bore interest based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR Term A loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate ("Base Rate Term A loans"), at Lamar Media's option. Term SOFR Term A loans bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate Term A loans bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term A loans. Lamar Media borrowed all $350.0 million in Term A loans on July 29, 2022. Proceeds from the Term A loans were used to repay outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility and a portion of the outstanding balance on our Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The Term A loans were subsequently repaid in full on July 31, 2024.
On April 26, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 3 ("Amendment No. 3") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 3 replaced the London Interbank Offered Rates as administered by the ICE Benchmark Administration with Term SOFR as the successor rate, as set in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. All other material terms and conditions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement remain unchanged by Amendment No. 3.
On July 31, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 4 (the "Amendment No. 4") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 4 extends the maturity date of Lamar Media's $750.0 million revolving credit facility such that the revolving credit facility matures July 31, 2028; provided, that, if on the date (a "Springing Maturity Test Date") that is 91 days prior to either the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media's Term B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027) or the February 15, 2028 maturity date of Lamar Media's 3 3/4% Notes, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus unused commitments under the revolving credit facility) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term B loans or the 3 3/4% Notes (as applicable), the revolving credit facility will mature on such Springing Maturity Test Date. On the maturity date of the revolving credit facility, the entire principal amount of revolving loans outstanding under the revolving credit facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest on such revolving loans, will be due and payable.
Amendment No. 4 also establishes a $75.0 million swingline as a sublimit of the revolving credit facility, which allows Lamar Media to borrow revolving loans on a same-day basis, in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of up to $75.0
million. In addition, Amendment No. 4 amends the provisions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement related to incremental facilities to allow Lamar Media to establish, from time to time, one or more new incremental revolving facilities on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth therein.
As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate balance outstanding under the senior credit facility was $884.0 million, consisting of $600.0 million in Term B loans aggregate principal balance and $284.0 million outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Lamar Media had approximately $457.2 million of unused capacity under the revolving credit facility.
Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity
Internally Generated Funds. The key factors affecting internally generated cash flow are general economic conditions, specific economic conditions in the markets where the Company conducts its business and overall spending on advertising by advertisers. We expect to generate cash flows from operations during 2025 in excess of our cash needs for operations, capital expenditures and dividends, as described herein, and we believe we have sufficient liquidity with cash on hand and availability under our revolving credit facility to meet our operating cash needs for the next twelve months.
Credit Facilities and Other Debt Securities. The Company and Lamar Media must comply with certain covenants and restrictions related to the senior credit facility, its outstanding debt securities and its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.
Lamar Media's outstanding Term A loans were set to mature on February 6, 2025. On July 31, 2024, Lamar Media paid in full its $350.0 million in Term A loans outstanding under its Senior Credit facility. The repayment of the Term A loans was completed using a combination of borrowings under our revolving credit facility and cash on hand.
Restrictions under Debt Securities. As of December 31, 2024, Lamar Media has outstanding all of the 3 3/4% Senior Notes, the 4% Senior Notes, the 4 7/8% Senior Notes and the 3 5/8% Senior Notes.
The indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict its ability to incur additional indebtedness but permit the incurrence of indebtedness (including indebtedness under the senior credit facility), (i) if no default or event of default would result from such incurrence and (ii) if after giving effect to any such incurrence, the leverage ratio (defined as the sum of (x) total consolidated debt plus (y) the aggregate liquidation preference of any preferred stock of Lamar Media’s restricted subsidiaries to trailing four fiscal quarter EBITDA (as defined in the indentures)) would be less than 7.0 to 1.0. Currently, Lamar Media is not in default under the indentures of any of its outstanding notes and, therefore, would be permitted to incur additional indebtedness subject to the foregoing provision.
In addition to debt incurred under the provisions described in the preceding paragraph, the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes permit Lamar Media to incur indebtedness pursuant to the following baskets:
•up to $2.0 billion of indebtedness under the senior credit facility;
•indebtedness outstanding on the date of the indentures or debt incurred to refinance outstanding debt;
•inter-company debt between Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries or between restricted subsidiaries;
•certain purchase money indebtedness and capitalized lease obligations to acquire or lease property in the ordinary course of business that cannot exceed the greater of $50.0 million or 5% of Lamar Media’s net tangible assets;
•additional debt not to exceed $75.0 million; and
•up to $500.0 million of permitted securitization financings.
Restrictions under Senior Credit Facility. Lamar Media is required to comply with certain covenants and restrictions under the senior credit facility. If the Company or Lamar Media fails to comply with these tests, the lenders under the senior credit facility will be entitled to exercise certain remedies, including the termination of the lending commitments and the acceleration of the debt payments under the senior credit facility. At December 31, 2024 we were, and currently we are in compliance with all such tests under the senior credit facility.
Lamar Media must maintain a secured debt ratio, defined as total consolidated secured debt of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries (including capital lease obligations), minus the lesser of (x) $150.0 million and (y) the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries (other than the Special Purpose Subsidiaries (as defined above under “Sources of Cash- Accounts Receivable Securitization Program)) to EBITDA, as defined below, for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended, of less than or equal to 4.5 to 1.0.
Lamar Media is restricted from incurring additional indebtedness subject to exceptions, one of which is that it may incur additional indebtedness not exceeding the greater of $250.0 million or 6% of its total assets.
Lamar Media is also restricted from incurring additional unsecured senior indebtedness under certain circumstances unless, after giving effect to the incurrence of such indebtedness, Lamar Media would have a total debt ratio, defined as (x) total consolidated debt (including subordinated debt) of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries as of any date minus the lesser of (i) $150.0 million and (ii) the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries (other than the Special Purpose Subsidiaries) to (y) EBITDA, as defined below, for the most recent four fiscal quarters then ended, of less than 7.0 to 1.0.
Lamar Media is also restricted from incurring additional subordinated indebtedness under certain circumstances unless, after giving effect to the incurrence of such indebtedness, it is in compliance with the secured debt ratio covenant and its total debt ratio is less than 7.0 to 1.0.
Under the senior credit facility, as amended, “EBITDA” means, for any period, net income, plus (a) to the extent deducted in determining net income for such period, the sum determined without duplication and in accordance with GAAP, of (i) taxes, (ii) interest expense, (iii) depreciation, (iv) amortization, (v) any other non-cash income or charges accrued for such period, (vi) charges and expenses in connection with the senior credit facility, any actual or proposed acquisition, disposition or investment (excluding, in each case, purchases and sales of advertising space and operating assets in the ordinary course of business) and any actual or proposed offering of securities, incurrence or repayment of indebtedness (or amendment to any agreement relating to indebtedness), including any refinancing thereof, or recapitalization, (vii) any loss or gain relating to amounts paid or earned in cash prior to the stated settlement date of any swap agreement that has been reflected in operating income for such period, and (viii) any loss on sales of receivables and related assets to a securitization entity in connection with a permitted securitization financing, plus (b) the amount of cost savings, operating expense reductions and other operating improvements or synergies projected by Lamar Media in good faith to be realized as a result of any acquisition, investment, merger, amalgamation or disposition within 18 months of any such acquisition, investment, merger, amalgamation or disposition, net of the amount of actual benefits realized during such period from such action; provided, (A) the aggregate amount for all such cost savings, operating expense reductions and other operating improvements or synergies will not exceed an amount equal to 15% of EBITDA for the applicable four quarter period and (B) any such adjustment to EBITDA pursuant to this clause (b) may only take into account cost savings, operating expense reductions and other operating improvements or synergies that are (I) directly attributable to such acquisition, investment, merger, amalgamation or disposition, (II) expected to have a continuing impact on Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries and (III) factually supportable, in each case all as certified by the Chief Financial Officer of Lamar Media on behalf of Lamar Media, minus (c) to the extent included in net income for such period (determined without duplication and in accordance with GAAP) (i) any extraordinary and unusual gains or losses during such period, and (ii) the proceeds of any casualty events and dispositions. For purposes of this EBITDA definition, the effect thereon of any adjustments required under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141R shall be excluded. If during any period for which EBITDA is being determined, Lamar Media has consummated any acquisition or disposition, EBITDA will be determined on a pro forma basis as if such acquisition or disposition had been made or consummated on the first day of such period.
Under the senior credit facility, "net income" means for any period, the consolidated net income (or loss) of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media, and its restricted subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that the following is excluded from net income: (a) the income (or deficit) of any person accrued prior to the date it becomes a restricted subsidiary or is merged into or consolidated with Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media or any of its restricted subsidiaries, and (b) the income (or deficit) of any person (other than any of our restricted subsidiaries) in which Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media or any of its subsidiaries has an ownership interest, except to the extent that any such income is received by Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media or any of its restricted subsidiaries in the form of dividends or similar distributions.
The Company believes that its current level of cash on hand, availability under the senior credit facility and future cash flows from operations are sufficient to meet its operating needs for the next twelve months. All debt obligations are reflected on the Company’s balance sheet.
Restrictions under Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and termination event provisions, including but not limited to those providing for the acceleration of amounts owed under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program if, among other things, the Special Purpose Subsidiaries fail to make payments when due, Lamar Media, the Subsidiary Originators or the Special Purpose Subsidiaries become insolvent or subject to bankruptcy proceedings or certain judicial judgments, breach certain representations and warranties or covenants or default under other
material indebtedness, a change of control occurs, or if Lamar Media fails to maintain the maximum secured debt ratio of 4.5 to 1.0 required under the senior credit facility.
Uses of Cash
Long-term debt prepayments. On July 31, 2024, Lamar Media paid in full its $350.0 million in Term A loans outstanding under its Senior Credit Facility. The repayment of the Term A loans was completed using a combination of borrowings under our revolving credit facility and cash on hand.
Capital Expenditures. Capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, were approximately $125.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our capital expenditures are categorized as growth, maintenance, and other as described below.
•Growth capital expenditures include discretionary capital expenditures incurred primarily for the expansion or development of new advertising markets and construction of new advertising sites. Growth capital expenditures also include certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale for future customer demand of our outdoor advertising services, and other capital projects. Growth capital expenditures were $63.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
•Maintenance capital expenditures include recurring capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as growth or other non-recurring capital expenditures, including costs incurred to enhance existing advertising sites, general asset improvements, and ordinary corporate capital expenditures. Maintenance capital expenditures were $52.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
•Other non-recurring capital expenditures include capital expenditures to develop new non-revenue generating assets, such as office space in our local markets and the costs to re-develop advertising sites impacted by hurricanes. Other non-recurring capital expenditures were $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
•We anticipate our 2025 total capital expenditures will be approximately $195 million.
Acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed 24 acquisitions for a total cash purchase price of approximately $45.4 million. The acquisitions occurring during the year ended December 31, 2024 were financed using available cash on hand.
Dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company declared and paid distributions of $578.8 million, or $5.65 per share of common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company declared and paid distributions of $510.3 million, or $5.00 per share of common stock. On February 19, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $1.55 per common share to be paid on March 28, 2025. Subject to the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company expects aggregate quarterly distributions to stockholders in 2025 will be at least $6.20 per common share (excluding any distributions related to the sale of Vistar Media, Inc.), including the dividend payable on March 28, 2025.
As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in our existing and future debt instruments, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating losses to offset, in whole or in part, the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs, the impact of general economic conditions on the Company's operations and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. The foregoing factors may also impact management's recommendations to the Board of Directors as to the timing, amount and frequency of future distributions.
Stock and Debt Repurchasing Program. On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of the Company's Class A common stock. Additionally, the Board of Directors has authorized Lamar Media to repurchase up to $250.0 million in outstanding senior or senior subordinated notes and other indebtedness outstanding from time to time under the senior credit facility. On September 24, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through March 31, 2026. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2024. The Company's management may opt not to make any repurchases under the program, or may make aggregate purchases less than the total amount authorized.
Material Cash Requirements
Our expected material cash requirements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 and thereafter are comprised of contractual obligations, required annual distributions and other opportunistic expenditures.
Debt and Contractual Obligations. The following table summarizes our future debt maturities, interest payment obligations, and contractual obligations including required payments under operating and financing leases as of December 31, 2024 (in millions):
Thereafter
Debt maturities(1)
$ 249.8 $ 2,961.1
Interest obligations on long-term debt(2)
149.4 456.9
Contractual obligations, including operating and financing leases 309.2 1,733.0
Total payments due $ 708.4 $ 5,151.0
(1)Debt maturities assume there is no refinancing prior to the existing maturity date.
(2)Interest rates on our variable rate instruments assume rates at the December 2024 levels. See Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" for further discussion on interest rate risk.
Required Annual Distributions. As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). On February 19, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $1.55 per common share to be paid on March 28, 2025. Our Board of Directors will continue to evaluate future dividends in order to continue to satisfy the requirements needed to maintain our REIT status.
Opportunistic Expenditures. As part of our capital allocation strategy, we plan to continue to allocate our available capital among investment alternatives that meet our return on investment criteria. We will continue to reinvest in our existing assets and expand our outdoor advertising display portfolio through new construction. We will also continue to pursue strategic acquisitions of outdoor advertising businesses and assets. This includes acquisitions in our existing markets and in new markets where we can meet our return on investment criteria.
Cash Flows
The Company’s cash flows provided by operating activities increased $90.0 million from $783.6 million in 2023 to $873.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily resulting from an increase in revenues of approximately $96.1 million.
Cash flows used in investing activities decreased $145.2 million from $310.1 million in 2023 to $164.9 million in 2024 primarily due to a net decrease in the amount of assets acquired through acquisitions and capital expenditures of $146.6 million, as compared to the same period in 2023.
The Company’s cash flows used in financing activities were $703.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to $481.6 million in 2023. This increase in cash used in financing activities of $221.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 is primarily due to the repayment of the Term A loans outstanding on the senior credit facility as well as an increase in dividends/distributions during the year, offset by additional borrowings on the revolving credit facility.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to intangible assets, goodwill impairment and asset retirement obligations. We base our estimates on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events and, where applicable, established valuation techniques. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results may differ from our estimates. We believe that the following significant accounting policies and assumptions may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity than others.
Asset Retirement Obligations. The Company had an asset retirement obligation of $614.7 million as of December 31, 2024. This liability relates to the Company’s obligation upon the termination or non-renewal of a lease to dismantle and remove its billboard structures from the leased land and to restore the site to its original condition. The Company records the present value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which they are incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset’s carrying amount. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. In calculating the liability, the Company calculates the present value of the estimated cost to dismantle using an average cost to dismantle, adjusted for inflation and market risk.
This calculation includes 100% of the Company’s billboard structures on leased land (which currently consist of approximately 71,500 structures). The Company uses a 15-year retirement period based on historical operating experience in its core markets, including the actual time that billboard structures have been located on leased land in such markets and the actual length of the leases in the core markets, which includes the initial term of the lease, plus consideration of any renewal period. Historical third-party cost information is used to estimate the cost of dismantling of the structures and the reclamation of the site. The interest rate used to calculate the present value of such costs over the retirement period is based on the Company’s historical credit-adjusted risk free rate.
Acquisitions. The Company accounts for transactions that meet the definition of a business and group asset purchases as acquisitions. For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. For transactions that meet the definition of a business, the determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements. For transactions that meet the definition of asset group purchases, the Company allocates the purchase price to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated relative fair values as of the date of the acquisition. If a transaction is determined to be a group of assets, any direct acquisition costs are capitalized. Transaction costs for transactions determined to be a business combination are expensed as incurred.
The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows.
Lease Liabilities and Right of Use Assets. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Codified as ASC 842),” which resulted in recording operating lease liabilities and right of use assets on our consolidated balance sheet. Our operating lease liabilities (including short-term liabilities) and right of use asset balances were $1.33 billion and $1.36 billion as of December 31, 2024, respectively. The balance is recorded based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under the leasing standard for our existing operating leases. The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND REGULATORY UPDATE
See Note 22, "New Accounting Pronouncements" to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a discussion of our Accounting Standards and Regulatory Update.
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
The following is a discussion of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Lamar Media for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Media and the related notes.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents certain items in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a percentage of net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Net revenues 100.0 % 100.0 %
Operating expenses:
Direct advertising expenses 33.0 % 33.0 %
General and administrative expenses 16.4 % 16.3 %
Corporate expenses 5.8 % 5.0 %
Depreciation and amortization 21.0 % 13.9 %
Operating income 24.1 % 32.0 %
Interest expense 7.8 % 8.3 %
Income tax expense 0.2 % 0.5 %
Net income 16.5 % 23.6 %
Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year ended December 31, 2023
Net revenues increased $96.1 million or 4.6% to $2.21 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $2.11 billion for the same period in 2023. This increase was attributable to an increase in billboard net revenues of $78.4 million, an increase in transit net revenues of $16.1 million and an increase in logo net revenues of $1.7 million over the prior year.
Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to acquisition-adjusted net revenues for the comparable period in 2023, increased $89.1 million, or 4.2%. The $89.1 million increase in net revenues is due to a $71.2 million increase in billboard net revenues, a $16.2 million increase in transit net revenues and an increase of $1.7 million in logo net revenues. See “Reconciliations” below.
Total operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and gain on disposition of assets, increased $70.5 million, or 6.1% to $1.22 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $1.15 billion in the same period in 2023. The $70.5 million increase over the prior year is primarily comprised of an increase in total direct, general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding non-cash compensation expense) of $48.6 million primarily related to the operations of our outdoor advertising assets, as well as an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $21.9 million.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $169.5 million to $463.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to $293.4 million for the same period in 2023. The increase is primarily due to the revision in the cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations during 2024.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, Lamar Media recognized a gain on disposition of assets of $6.1 million as compared to a gain on disposition of assets of $5.5 million for the same period in 2023. The gain on disposition of assets for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily resulted from transactions related to the sale of billboard locations and displays.
Due to the above factors, operating income decreased $143.3 million to $532.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $675.9 million for the same period in 2023.
Interest expense decreased $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $171.7 million as compared to $174.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in interest expense is related to the repayment of the Term A loans outstanding under the senior credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Equity in earnings of investee was $5.1 million and $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The decrease in operating income, partially offset by the decrease in interest expense over the comparable period in 2023, resulted in a $139.1 million decrease in net income before income taxes.
Lamar Media recorded income tax expense of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to income tax expense of $9.8 million for the same period in 2023. The $4.5 million equates to an effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 of approximately 1.2%, which differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to our qualification for taxation as a REIT and adjustments for foreign items.
As a result of the above factors, Lamar Media recognized net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $363.5 million, as compared to net income of $497.3 million for the same period in 2023.
Reconciliations:
Because acquisitions occurring after December 31, 2022 have contributed to our net revenue results for the periods presented, we provide 2023 acquisition-adjusted net revenue, which adjusts our 2023 net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 by adding to or subtracting from it the net revenue generated by the acquired or divested assets prior to our acquisition or divestiture of these assets for the same time frame that those assets were owned in the year ended December 31, 2024.
Reconciliations of 2023 reported net revenue to 2023 acquisition-adjusted net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 as well as a comparison of 2023 acquisition-adjusted net revenue to 2024 reported net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, are provided below:
Reconciliation and Comparison of Reported Net Revenue to Acquisition-Adjusted Net Revenue
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Reported net revenue $ 2,207,103 $ 2,110,987
Acquisition net revenue - 6,986
Adjusted totals $ 2,207,103 $ 2,117,973
Key Performance Indicators
Net Income/Adjusted EBITDA
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, Amount of Increase (Decrease) Percent Increase (Decrease)
2024 2023
Net income $ 363,507 $ 497,333 $ (133,826) (26.9) %
Income tax expense 4,531 9,782 (5,251)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 155
Interest expense, net 169,394 172,397 (3,003)
Equity in earnings of investee (5,094) (3,696) (1,398)
Gain on disposition of assets (6,057) (5,474) (583)
Depreciation and amortization 462,967 293,423 169,544
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net (317) (308) (9)
Non-cash compensation expense 44,525 22,649 21,876
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,726 $ 986,221 $ 47,505 4.8 %
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 4.8% to $1.03 billion. The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net) of $65.0 million, and was partially offset by an increase in general and administrative and corporate expenses of $17.5 million, excluding the impact of non-cash compensation expense.
Segmented Adjusted EBITDA
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, Amount of Increase (Decrease) Percent Increase (Decrease)
2024 2023
Billboard adjusted EBITDA $ 1,085,547 $ 1,024,911 $ 60,636
Other adjusted EBITDA(a)
50,137 56,179 (6,042)
Corporate expenses(b)
(101,958) (94,869) (7,089)
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,726 $ 986,221 $ 47,505 4.8 %
(a) Logo and transit advertising do not meet the criteria to be reportable segments, and accordingly, are included in Other.
(b)Corporate operations are not an operating segment. Corporate expenses include expenses related to infrastructure and support, including information technology, human resources, legal, finance and administrative functions of the Company, as well as overall executive, administrative and support functions.
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 4.8% to $1.03 billion. The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in our billboard advertising adjusted EBITDA of $60.6 million, offset by a decrease in other adjusted EBITDA of $6.0 million and an increase in corporate expenses of $7.1 million, excluding the impact of non-cash compensation expense.
Net Income/FFO/AFFO
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, Amount of Increase (Decrease) Percent Increase (Decrease)
2024 2023
Net income $ 363,507 $ 497,333 $ (133,826) (26.9) %
Depreciation and amortization related to real estate 446,844 281,026 165,818
Gain from sale or disposal of real estate, net of tax (5,784) (5,201) (583)
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest (5,581) (4,769) (812)
FFO $ 798,986 $ 768,389 $ 30,597 4.0 %
Straight-line expense 4,079 4,658 (579)
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net (317) (308) (9)
Non-cash compensation expense 44,525 22,649 21,876
Non-cash portion of tax provision (4,036) 2,384 (6,420)
Non-real estate related depreciation and amortization 16,123 12,397 3,726
Amortization of deferred financing costs 6,332 6,538 (206)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 155
Capital expenditures - maintenance (51,986) (58,820) 6,834
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest 5,581 4,769 812
AFFO $ 819,557 $ 762,771 $ 56,786 7.4 %
FFO for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $799.0 million as compared to FFO of $768.4 million for the same period in 2023. AFFO for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 7.4% to $819.6 million as compared to $762.8 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in AFFO was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net), partially offset by an increase in total general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding the effect of non-cash compensation expense).

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Lamar Advertising Company and Lamar Media Corp.
Lamar Advertising Company is exposed to interest rate risk in connection with variable rate debt instruments issued by its wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. The information below summarizes the Company’s interest rate risk associated with its principal variable rate debt instruments outstanding at December 31, 2024, and should be read in conjunction with Note 9 of the Notes to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Lamar Media Corp. has variable rate debt outstanding under the senior credit facility and its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Because interest rates may increase or decrease at any time, the Company is exposed to market risk as a result of the impact that changes in interest rates may have on the applicable borrowings outstanding. Increases in the interest rates applicable to these borrowings would result in increased interest expense and a reduction in the Company’s net income.
At December 31, 2024 there was approximately $1.13 billion of indebtedness outstanding under the senior credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, or approximately 35.0% of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt (including current maturities) on that date, bearing interest at variable rates. The aggregate interest expense for 2024 with respect to borrowings under the senior credit facility and the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was $79.7 million, and the weighted average interest rate applicable to these borrowings during 2024 was 6.5%. Assuming that the weighted average interest rate was 200 basis points higher (that is 8.5% rather than 6.5%), then the Company’s 2024 interest expense would have increased by approximately $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The Company attempts to mitigate the interest rate risk resulting from its variable interest rate long-term debt instruments by issuing fixed rate long-term debt instruments and maintaining a balance over time between the amount of the Company’s variable rate and fixed rate indebtedness. In addition, the Company has the capability under the senior credit facility to fix the interest rates applicable to its borrowings at an amount equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as applicable), or Adjusted Base Rate plus the applicable margin for periods of up to twelve months (in certain cases with the consent of the lenders), which would allow the Company to mitigate the impact of short-term fluctuations in market interest rates. In the event of an increase in interest rates, the Company may take further actions to mitigate its exposure. The Company cannot guarantee, however, that the actions that it may take to mitigate this risk will be feasible or that, if these actions are taken, that they will be effective.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Schedule III - Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of Lamar Advertising Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
Lamar Advertising’s management assessed the effectiveness of Lamar Advertising’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, Lamar Advertising’s management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, Lamar Advertising’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of Lamar Advertising’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in Item 8 to this Annual Report.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Lamar Advertising Company:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Lamar Advertising Company and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 20, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
KPMG LLP
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
February 20, 2025
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Lamar Advertising Company:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lamar Advertising Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 20, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Assessment of the accounting lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases
As discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements, a lessee determines the lease term at the commencement date by identifying the non-cancellable period of the lease and then adding any periods for which it is reasonably certain to exercise a renewal option (or not to exercise a termination option). The Company has approximately 71,500 billboard land leases for which they determined the lease term using a portfolio approach, in accordance with which the negotiated stated initial lease term for each billboard land lease was concluded to be the lease term under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases (ASC 842).
We identified the assessment of the lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases, which affects the discount rate for the lease as well as the measurement of the lease liability and right of use asset, as a critical audit matter. In the Company’s billboard land leases, the Company typically has both unilateral renewal and termination options. Determining the lease term
involved a high degree of subjectivity as to whether the lease term should or should not include renewal periods (including periods after an optional termination date), the evaluation of which required subjective auditor judgment.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s billboard land lease process, including controls related to the qualifications and experience of individuals negotiating the stated initial lease term, reconciliation of inputs into the system, approval of billboard land lease contracts, and annual evaluation of the renewals and terminations exercised by the Company during the year. We evaluated the competence, capabilities, and objectivity of the Company’s real estate team that negotiates the lease terms and conditions, and whether the team considers economic factors that are consistent with those enumerated in ASC 842 when negotiating the stated initial lease term and associated renewal and termination options. We inspected the Company’s assessment and conclusion about using the portfolio approach for its billboard land leases. We tested a sample of the Company’s billboard land lease population and obtained underlying documentation to evaluate whether the leases entered into are similar in terms of the lease agreement creation process, purpose for the lease (i.e. to host a Company billboard), and lease term considerations. We assessed the impact of billboard land leases with early terminations and renewals beyond the stated initial term to evaluate the Company’s assertion that use of the stated initial lease term as the lease term for its billboard land leases on a portfolio basis was appropriate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1999.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
February 20, 2025
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2024 and 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
2024 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 49,461 $ 44,605
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,404 and $12,477 as of 2024 and 2023, respectively
334,798 301,189
Other current assets
41,009 27,392
Total current assets 425,268 373,186
Property, plant and equipment (note 5) 4,574,894 4,274,831
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,974,085) (2,708,361)
Net property, plant and equipment 1,600,809 1,566,470
Operating lease right of use assets 1,355,231 1,315,433
Financing lease right of use assets 8,331 11,184
Goodwill (note 6) 2,035,082 2,035,271
Intangible assets, net (note 6) 1,062,601 1,171,434
Other assets 99,227 90,644
Total assets $ 6,586,549 $ 6,563,622
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable $ 21,586 $ 18,238
Current maturities of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $611 and $380 in 2024 and 2023, respectively (note 9)
249,806 250,018
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7) 218,108 210,568
Current financing lease liabilities (note 7) 1,331 1,331
Accrued expenses (note 8) 133,943 107,195
Deferred income 153,700 126,547
Total current liabilities 778,474 713,897
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $22,826 and $28,865 in 2024 and 2023, respectively (note 9)
2,961,058 3,091,109
Operating lease liabilities (note 7) 1,114,407 1,075,285
Financing lease liabilities (note 7) 13,283 14,614
Deferred income tax liabilities (note 12) 8,006 12,047
Asset retirement obligation (note 10) 614,713 397,991
Other liabilities 48,588 41,891
Total liabilities 5,538,529 5,346,834
Stockholders’ equity (note 14):
Series AA preferred stock, par value $0.001, $63.80 cumulative dividends, authorized 5,720 shares; 5,720 shares issued and outstanding at 2024 and 2023
- -
Class A common stock, par value $0.001, 362,500,000 shares authorized, 88,867,481 and 88,486,495 shares issued and 87,976,923 and 87,645,560 outstanding at 2024 and 2023, respectively
89 88
Class B common stock, par value $0.001, 37,500,000 shares authorized, 14,420,085 shares issued and outstanding at 2024 and 2023
14 14
Additional paid-in-capital 2,159,292 2,103,282
Accumulated comprehensive loss (2,954) (428)
Accumulated deficit (1,036,582) (819,235)
Cost of shares held in treasury, 890,558 and 840,935 shares in 2024 and 2023, respectively
(72,688) (67,347)
Non-controlling interest 849 414
Stockholders’ equity
1,048,020 1,216,788
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$ 6,586,549 $ 6,563,622
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
2024 2023 2022
Statements of Income
Net revenues (note 2) $ 2,207,103 $ 2,110,987 $ 2,032,140
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 727,875 696,799 667,288
General and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 361,133 344,780 350,623
Corporate expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 129,145 106,025 102,500
Depreciation and amortization (note 11) 462,967 293,423 349,449
Gain on disposition of assets (6,057) (5,474) (15,721)
1,675,063 1,435,553 1,454,139
Operating income 532,040 675,434 578,001
Other expense (income):
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 -
Interest income (2,315) (2,115) (1,293)
Interest expense 171,709 174,512 127,510
Equity in earnings of investee (5,094) (3,696) (4,315)
164,570 168,816 121,902
Income before income tax expense 367,470 506,618 456,099
Income tax expense (note 12) 4,531 9,782 17,452
Net income 362,939 496,836 438,647
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest 1,072 1,073 -
Net income attributable to controlling interest 361,867 495,763 438,647
Preferred stock dividends 365 365 365
Net income applicable to common stock $ 361,502 $ 495,398 $ 438,282
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share $ 3.54 $ 4.86 $ 4.32
Diluted earnings per share $ 3.52 $ 4.85 $ 4.31
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock $ 5.65 $ 5.00 $ 5.00
Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic 102,258,760 101,920,268 101,527,778
Weighted average common shares outstanding diluted 102,561,151 102,106,647 101,634,543
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income $ 362,939 $ 496,836 $ 438,647
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments (2,526) 231 (1,514)
Comprehensive income 360,413 497,067 437,133
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest 1,072 1,073 -
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest $ 359,341 $ 495,994 $ 437,133
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Series AA
PREF
Stock Class A
CMN
Stock Class B
CMN
Stock Treasury
Stock Add’l
Paid in
Capital Accumulated
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss) Accumulated
Deficit Non-controlling Interest Total
Balance, December 31, 2021 $ - 88 14 (50,852) 2,001,399 855 (734,415) - 1,217,089
Non-cash compensation - - - - 11,012 - - - 11,012
Issuance of 248,947 shares of common stock through stock awards
- - - - 30,366 - - - 30,366
Exercise of 194,035 shares of stock options
- - - - 8,671 - - - 8,671
Issuance of 127,108 shares of common stock through employee purchase plan
- - - - 10,223 - - - 10,223
Purchase of 95,679 shares of treasury stock
- - - (10,506) - - - - (10,506)
Foreign currency translation - - - - - (1,514) - - (1,514)
Net income - - - - - - 438,647 - 438,647
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders ($5.00 per common share)
- - - - - - (508,249) - (508,249)
Dividends ($63.80 per preferred share)
- - - - - - (365) - (365)
Balance, December 31, 2022 $ - 88 14 (61,358) 2,061,671 (659) (804,382) - 1,195,374
Non-cash compensation - - - - 10,323 - 10,323
Issuance of 168,176 shares of common stock through stock awards
- - - - 16,615 - - - 16,615
Exercise of 60,385 shares of stock options
- - - - 4,300 - - - 4,300
Issuance of 147,006 shares of common stock through employee purchase plan
- - - - 11,389 - - - 11,389
Purchase of 57,239 shares of treasury stock
- - - (5,989) - - - - (5,989)
Foreign currency translation - - - - - 231 - - 231
Net income - - - - - - 495,763 1,073 496,836
Reallocation of capital - - - - (1,016) - - 397 (619)
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders ($5.00 per common share)
- - - - - - (510,251) (1,056) (511,307)
Dividends ($63.80 per preferred share)
- - - - - - (365) - (365)
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ - 88 14 (67,347) 2,103,282 (428) (819,235) 414 1,216,788
Non-cash compensation - - - - 19,059 - 19,059
Issuance of 143,002 shares of common stock through stock awards
- - - - 16,990 - - - 16,990
Exercise of 112,575 shares of stock options
- 1 - - 9,089 - - - 9,090
Issuance of 125,409 shares of common stock through employee purchase plan
- - - - 11,890 - - - 11,890
Purchase of 49,623 shares of treasury stock
- - - (5,341) - - - - (5,341)
Foreign currency translation - - - - - (2,526) - - (2,526)
Net income - - - - - - 361,867 1,072 362,939
Reallocation of capital - - - - (1,018) - - 1,018 -
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders ($5.65 per common share)
- - - - - - (578,849) (1,655) (580,504)
Dividends ($63.80 per preferred share)
- - - - - - (365) - (365)
Balance, December 31, 2024 $ - 89 14 (72,688) 2,159,292 (2,954) (1,036,582) 849 1,048,020
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 362,939 $ 496,836 $ 438,647
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 462,967 293,423 349,449
Stock-based compensation 44,525 22,649 23,136
Amortization included in interest expense 6,332 6,538 6,158
Gain on disposition of assets (6,057) (5,474) (15,721)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 -
Equity in earnings of investee (5,094) (3,696) (4,315)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense (4,036) 2,384 3,212
Provision for doubtful accounts 8,770 12,737 9,013
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in:
Receivables (43,000) (28,744) (22,511)
Prepaid expenses (2,656) 1,087 (906)
Other assets (7,424) (3,363) 2,711
Increase (decrease) in:
Trade accounts payable 3,262 (307) 1,176
Accrued expenses 18,902 (1,708) (10,773)
Operating lease liabilities 7,498 2,490 7,198
Other liabilities 26,412 (11,354) (4,862)
Cash flows provided by operating activities 873,610 783,613 781,612
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (125,284) (178,271) (167,078)
Acquisitions (45,393) (138,961) (479,766)
Decrease in notes receivable 65 62 12,124
Proceeds from disposition of assets 5,706 7,051 15,649
Cash flows used in investing activities (164,906) (310,119) (619,071)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 20,980 15,689 18,894
Cash used for purchase of treasury shares (5,341) (5,989) (10,506)
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility 783,000 403,000 445,000
Payments on revolving credit facility (569,000) (378,000) (575,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt (400) (381) (365)
Principal payments on financing leases (1,331) (1,331) (1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans - - 350,000
Payments on senior credit facility term loans (350,000) - -
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program 86,400 114,900 265,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program (86,400) (114,900) (190,000)
Debt issuance costs (464) (2,951) (1,583)
Distributions to non-controlling interest (1,655) (1,056) (814)
Dividends/distributions (579,214) (510,616) (508,614)
Cash flows used in financing activities (703,425) (481,635) (209,319)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents (423) 127 (391)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 4,856 (8,014) (47,169)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 44,605 52,619 99,788
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 49,461 $ 44,605 $ 52,619
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 165,827 $ 168,011 $ 120,000
Cash paid for state and federal income taxes $ 8,505 $ 11,432 $ 16,325
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(1)Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies
(a)Nature of Business
Lamar Advertising Company (the Company) is engaged in the outdoor advertising business, operating approximately 159,000 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. The Company’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.
In addition, the Company operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada and operates approximately 47,500 transit advertising displays in 23 states and Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.
The Company operates as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on its income and gains that the Company distributes to its stockholders, including the income derived from advertising rental revenue. However, even as a REIT, the Company will remain obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from the assets of its taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.
On July 1, 2022, the Company's direct wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. ("Lamar Media") entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
(b)Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Advertising Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media, and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
An operating segment is a component of an enterprise:
•that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses;
•whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and
•for which discrete financial information is available.
We manage our business through three operating segments - billboard, logo and transit advertising. We rent advertising space on billboards, buses, shelters, benches, logo plates and in airport terminals.
(c)Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(d)Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test. The Company designated December 31 as the date of its annual goodwill impairment test. The Company is required to identify its reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit. The Company has identified three reporting units, billboard operations, transit operations and logo operations, by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units. The Company is required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would be required to book an impairment loss.
The Company conducts a qualitative assessment by examining relevant events and circumstances which could have a negative impact on the Company’s goodwill, which includes macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit dispositions and acquisitions, the market capitalization of the Company and other relevant events specific to the Company. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances described above, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of either of the Company's reporting units is less than its carrying amount, the Company will perform a quantitative impairment test. If industry and economic conditions deteriorate, the Company may be required to assess goodwill impairment before the next annual test, which could result in impairment charges.
The Company performed its annual measurement for impairment of the goodwill of its reporting units and concluded the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at its annual impairment test date on December 31, 2024 and 2023; therefore, the Company was not required to recognize an impairment loss.
Intangible assets, consisting primarily of site locations, customer lists and contracts, and non-competition agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives, generally from 2 to 15 years.
(e)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, lease right of use assets and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group before interest expense. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.
(f)Acquisitions
The Company accounts for transactions that meet the definition of a business and group asset purchases as acquisitions. For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements. For transactions that meet the definition of asset group purchases, the Company proportionally allocates the purchase price to the assets based on relative fair value acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. If a transaction is determined to be a group of assets, any direct acquisition costs are capitalized. Transaction costs for transactions determined to be a business combination are expensed as incurred.
The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows.
(g)Lease Liabilities
The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.
Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.
(h)Deferred Income
Deferred income consists principally of advertising revenue invoiced in advance. Deferred advertising revenue is recognized in income over the term of the contract.
(i)Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes outdoor advertising revenue on an accrual basis ratably over the term of the contracts. Production revenue and the related expense for the advertising copy are recognized upon satisfaction of its performance obligation.
The Company engages in barter transactions where the Company trades advertising space for goods and services. The Company recognizes revenues and expenses from barter transactions at fair value, which is determined based on the Company’s own historical practice of receiving cash for similar advertising space from buyers unrelated to the party in the barter transaction. The amount of revenue and expense recognized for advertising barter transactions is as follows:
2024 2023 2022
Net revenues $ 9,787 $ 9,599 $ 8,775
Direct advertising expenses $ 4,698 $ 4,832 $ 4,044
General and administrative expenses $ 4,525 $ 4,044 $ 3,904
(j)Income Taxes
As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to the Company’s stockholders. However, the Company remains obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from domestic TRSs. In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or where those operations are conducted, including those designated as Qualified REIT Subsidiaries, or QRSs, for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
(k)Dividends/Distributions
As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared and paid distributions of its REIT taxable income of $578,849 or $5.65 per share, $510,251 or $5.00 per share and $508,249 or $5.00 per share, respectively. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including the financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in its existing and future debt instruments, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset, in whole or in part, the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs, the impact of general economic conditions on the Company's operations and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. During each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company paid dividend distributions to holders of its Series AA Preferred Stock of $365 or $63.80 per share.
(l)Earnings Per Share
The calculation of basic earnings per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options, while diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of stock options. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 there were no dilutive shares excluded from the calculation.
(m)Stock Based Compensation
Compensation expense for share-based awards is recognized based on the grant date fair value of those awards. Stock based compensation expense includes an estimate for pre-vesting forfeitures and is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Non-cash compensation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $44,525, $22,649 and $23,136, respectively. The $44,525 expensed during the year ended December 31, 2024 consists of (i) $5,072 related to stock options and the employee stock purchase plan, (ii) $24,711 related to stock grants made under the Company’s performance-based stock incentive program in 2024, (iii) $13,996 related to LTIP Units issued to the Company's executive officers, and (iv) $745 related to restricted stock awards to directors. See Note 15 for information on the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation.
(n)Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
(o)Credit Losses
The Company estimates credit losses on financial instruments based on amounts expected to be collected. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on historical collections, accounts receivable aging, economic indicators, and expected future trends.
(p)Foreign Currency Translation
Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.
(q)Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company is required to record the fair value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which it is incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset’s carrying amount. Adjustments are made to the asset retirement obligation liability to reflect changes in the estimates of the retirement period and amount of expected cash flows, with an offsetting adjustment made to the related long-lived tangible asset. The significant assumptions used in estimating the Company's asset retirement obligations include the retirement period, cost of asset dismantlement, credit-adjusted risk-free interest rates, inflation and market risk. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. The Company’s asset retirement obligations relate primarily to the dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities of its leased properties.
(r)Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(s)Comprehensive Income
Total comprehensive income is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and the components of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Comprehensive income is composed of foreign currency translation effects.
(t)Fair Value Measurements
The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
(u) Investments
On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, Inc. ("Vistar"), a leading global provider of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. This investment is accounted for as an equity method investment and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, related to this investment, the Company recorded $5,298, $4,107 and $4,284, respectively, in equity in earnings of investee on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. See Note 23, "Subsequent Events" for additional information regarding the Company's interest in Vistar.
(v) Subsequent Events
The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements are issued.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(2)Revenue
Revenue Recognition
Advertising revenues: The majority of our revenues are derived from contracts for advertising space on billboard, logo and transit displays. Contracts which do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, Leases are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The majority of our advertising space contracts do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842 and are therefore accounted for under ASC 606. The contract revenues are recognized ratably over their contract life. Costs to fulfill a contract, which include our costs to install advertising copy onto billboards, are capitalized and amortized to direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we capitalized $28,003 and $26,349, respectively, of costs to fulfill contracts, which is included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of expensed costs of $27,686 and $26,041, respectively.
Other revenues: Our other component of revenue primarily consists of production services which includes creating and printing the advertising copy. Revenue for production contracts is recognized under ASC 606. Contract revenues for production services are recognized upon satisfaction of the contract which is typically less than one week.
Arrangements with multiple performance obligations: Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. We determine standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers using expected cost plus margin.
Deferred revenues: We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance obligation. The term between invoicing and when a payment is due is not significant. For certain services we require payment before the product or services are delivered to the customer. The balance of deferred income is considered short-term and will be recognized in revenue within twelve months.
Practical expedients and exemptions: The Company is utilizing the following practical expedients and exemptions from ASC 606. We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within direct advertising expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as the majority of our contracts with customers have an original expected length of less than one year. For contracts with customers which exceed one year, the future amount to be invoiced to the customer corresponds directly with the value to be received by the customer.
The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by source for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
2024 2023 2022
Billboard Advertising $ 1,956,176 $ 1,877,823 $ 1,813,995
Logo Advertising 84,028 82,324 80,145
Transit Advertising 166,899 150,840 138,000
Net Revenues $ 2,207,103 $ 2,110,987 $ 2,032,140
(3)Acquisitions
Year Ended December 31, 2024
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed several acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets for a total purchase price of $45,393.
Each of these asset purchases was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of each acquired entity from the date of acquisition. The acquisition purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on relative fair value estimates at the dates of acquisition.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions.
Total
Property, plant and equipment $ 10,600
Site locations 28,346
Non-competition agreements 380
Customer lists and contracts 1,302
Asset acquisition costs 182
Current assets 4,721
Current liabilities (409)
Operating lease right of use assets 1,857
Operating lease liabilities (1,586)
$ 45,393
Total acquired intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $30,210. The acquired intangible assets have a weighted average useful life of approximately 14 years. The intangible assets include customer lists and contracts of $1,302 (7 year weighted average useful life) and site locations of $28,346 (15 year weighted average useful life). The aggregate amortization expense related to the 2024 acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $1,214.
Year Ended December 31, 2023
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed several acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets for a total purchase price of $138,961.
Each of these asset purchases was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of each acquired entity from the date of acquisition. The acquisition purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on relative fair value estimates at the dates of acquisition.
The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions.
Total
Property, plant and equipment $ 30,837
Goodwill (50)
Site locations 90,152
Non-competition agreements 360
Customer lists and contracts 11,061
Asset acquisition costs 414
Current assets 8,410
Current liabilities (3,851)
Operating lease right of use assets 11,016
Operating lease liabilities (9,388)
$ 138,961
Total acquired intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $101,937, of which $(50) was assigned to goodwill relating to the finalization of the fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022. Goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes and no goodwill related to 2023 acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The acquired intangible assets have a weighted average useful life of approximately 14 years. The intangible assets include customer lists and contracts of $11,061 (7 year weighted average useful life) and site locations of $90,152 (15 year weighted
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
average useful life). The aggregate amortization expense related to the 2023 acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2023 was approximately $3,330.
As of December 31, 2023, we finalized our fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022. The changes to our updated fair value allocation of this business combination were considered immaterial and recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.
(4)Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2022, the Company had non-cash investing activities that resulted in an increase to the asset retirement obligation balance and the carrying value of the related property, plant and equipment in the amount of $215,899 and $110,321, respectively, related to the revision in estimate of the Company's asset retirement obligation. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, there were non-cash investing and financing activities for the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities at lease commencement as disclosed in Note 7, "Leases".
(5)Property, Plant and Equipment
Major categories of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Estimated Life
(Years) 2024 2023
Land - $ 490,367 $ 482,424
Building and improvements 10 - 39
247,231 235,861
Advertising structures 5 - 15
3,679,719 3,401,132
Automotive and other equipment 3 - 7
157,577 155,414
$ 4,574,894 $ 4,274,831
(6)Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Estimated
Life
(Years) 2024 2023
Gross Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Gross Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts 7 - 10
$ 732,098 $ 665,095 $ 731,156 $ 640,635
Non-competition agreements 3 - 15
71,960 66,894 71,960 66,455
Site locations 15 2,982,504 2,002,272 2,955,324 1,891,078
Other 2 - 15
52,761 42,461 52,578 41,416
$ 3,839,323 $ 2,776,722 $ 3,811,018 $ 2,639,584
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill $ 2,288,618 $ 253,536 $ 2,288,807 $ 253,536
The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 2,288,805
Purchase price adjustments and other 2
Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 2,288,807
Purchase price adjustments and other (189)
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 2,288,618
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $141,892, $140,033 and $134,256, respectively. The following is a summary of the estimated amortization expense for future years:
2025 $ 135,374
2026 127,362
2027 123,359
2028 116,832
2029 108,303
Thereafter 451,371
Total $ 1,062,601
(7)Leases
The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification, as part of the adoption of ASC 842, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.
Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we had base operating lease costs of $319,058 and variable operating lease costs of $64,682, for a total operating lease cost of $383,740. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had base operating lease costs of $311,640 and variable operating lease costs of $60,147, for a total operating lease cost of $371,787. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we had base operating lease costs of $306,825 and variable operating lease costs of $59,651, for a total operating lease cost of $366,476. Our operating lease costs are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Also, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded a gain of $403, $295 and $824 respectively, in gain on disposition of assets related to the amendment and termination of lease agreements. Cash payments of $320,053, $310,863 and $298,831 were made reducing our operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in cash flows provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
We elected the short-term lease exemption which applies to certain of our vehicle agreements. This election allows the Company to not recognize lease right of use assets or lease liabilities for agreements with a term of twelve months or less. We recorded $10,439, $10,189 and $7,478 in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for these agreements during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Our operating leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 12.2 years. The weighted-average discount rate of our operating leases is 5.2%. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we obtained $24,627 and $24,999,
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
respectively, of leased assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities, which includes liabilities obtained through acquisitions. Lease terminations during the year resulted in a $5,068 and $10,635 reduction to operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The following is a summary of the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024:
2025 $ 257,371
2026 202,651
2027 178,355
2028 153,861
2029 131,753
Thereafter 915,090
Total undiscounted operating lease payments 1,839,081
Less: Imputed interest (506,566)
Total operating lease liabilities $ 1,332,515
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we obtained no new leased assets in exchange for new financing lease liabilities. Our financing leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 2.9 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 3.1%. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, amortization expense of $2,853 was recorded within depreciation and amortization and interest expense of $463, $504 and $544, was recorded within interest expense, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in relation to these financing lease liabilities. Cash payments of $1,331 were made reducing our financing lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and are included in cash flows used in financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they are no longer accounted for as a lease. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, non-lease variable transit expenses were $97,099, $87,688 and $78,877, respectively. These transit expenses are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
(8)Accrued Expenses
The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
2024 2023
Payroll $ 27,871 $ 21,903
Interest 22,837 23,322
Insurance benefits 10,972 10,801
Accrued variable lease and contract expense 34,416 30,375
Stock-based compensation 16,404 7,936
Other 21,443 12,858
$ 133,943 $ 107,195
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(9) Long-term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024
Debt Deferred
financing costs Debt, net of
deferred
financing costs
Senior Credit Facility $ 883,474 $ 5,623 $ 877,851
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program 250,000 611 249,389
3 3/4% Senior Notes 600,000 3,802 596,198
3 5/8% Senior Notes 550,000 5,440 544,560
4% Senior Notes 549,595 4,854 544,741
4 7/8% Senior Notes 400,000 3,107 396,893
Other notes with various rates and terms 1,232 - 1,232
3,234,301 23,437 3,210,864
Less current maturities (250,417) (611) (249,806)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities $ 2,983,884 $ 22,826 $ 2,961,058
December 31, 2023
Debt Deferred
financing costs Debt, net of
deferred
financing costs
Senior Credit Facility $ 1,019,222 $ 8,266 $ 1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program 250,000 380 249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes 600,000 4,923 595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes 550,000 6,226 543,774
4% Senior Notes 549,516 5,675 543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes 400,000 3,775 396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms 1,634 - 1,634
3,370,372 29,245 3,341,127
Less current maturities (250,398) (380) (250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities $ 3,119,974 $ 28,865 $ 3,091,109
Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:
Debt Deferred
financing costs Debt, net of
deferred
financing costs
2025 $ 418 $ - $ 418
2026 $ 442 $ - $ 442
2027 $ 849,820 $ 3,044 $ 846,776
2028 $ 884,000 $ 6,993 $ 877,007
2029 $ 400,000 $ 3,107 $ 396,893
Thereafter $ 1,099,621 $ 10,293 $ 1,089,328
Senior Credit Facility
On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, under which the parties agreed to amend and restate Lamar Media’s
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
existing senior credit facility. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended (the “Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”).
The senior credit facility, as established by the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “senior credit facility”), consists of (i) a $750,000 senior secured revolving credit facility which will mature on July 31, 2028, subject to certain conditions (see description of Amendment No. 4 below) (the “revolving credit facility”), (ii) a $600,000 senior secured Term B loan facility (the “Term B loans”) which will mature on February 6, 2027, (iii) an incremental facility (the “Incremental Facility”) pursuant to which Lamar Media may incur additional term loan tranches or increase its revolving credit facility subject to a pro forma secured debt ratio of 4.50 to 1.00, as well as certain other conditions including lender approval. Lamar Media borrowed all $600,000 in Term B loans on February 6, 2020. The entire amount of the Term B loans will be payable at maturity. The net proceeds from the Term B loans, together with borrowings under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility and a portion of the proceeds of the issuance of the 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 and 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (both as described below), were used to repay all outstanding amounts under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and all revolving commitments under that facility were terminated.
The Term B loans mature on February 6, 2027 with no required amortization payments. The Term B loans bear interest at rates based on the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Term SOFR") plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (Term SOFR plus such credit spread adjustment, the "Adjusted Term SOFR Rate") or the Adjusted Base Rate, at Lamar Media’s option. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on Term SOFR bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50%. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on the Adjusted Base Rate bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50%.
The revolving credit facility bears interest at rates based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR revolving loans”) or the Adjusted Base Rate (“Base Rate revolving loans”), at Lamar Media’s option. Term SOFR revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The guarantees, covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term B loans and revolving credit facility.
On July 29, 2022, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 2 ("Amendment No. 2") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 2 established the Term A loans as a new class of incremental term loans. The Term A loans were set to mature on February 6, 2025 with no required amortization payments prior to maturity and bore interest at rates based on the Term SOFR ("Term SOFR Term A loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate ("Base Rate Term A loans"), at Lamar Media's option. Term SOFR Term A loans bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate Term A loans bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term A loans. Lamar Media borrowed all $350,000 in Term A loans on July 29, 2022. Proceeds from the Term A loans were used to repay outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility and a portion of the outstanding balance on the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The Term A loans were subsequently repaid in full on July 31, 2024.
On April 26, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 3 ("Amendment No. 3") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 3 replaced the London Interbank Offered Rates as administered by the ICE Benchmark Administration with Term SOFR as the successor rate, as set in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. All other material terms and conditions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement remain unchanged by Amendment No. 3.
On July 31, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 4 ("Amendment No. 4"), to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 4 extends the maturity date of Lamar Media's $750,000
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
revolving credit facility such that the revolving credit facility matures July 31, 2028; provided, that, if on the date (a "Springing Maturity Test Date") that is 91 days prior to either the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media's Term B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027) or the February 15, 2028 maturity date of Lamar Media's 3 3/4% Notes, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus unused commitments under the revolving credit facility) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term B loans or the 3 3/4% Notes (as applicable), the revolving credit facility will mature on such Springing Maturity Test Date. On the maturity date of the revolving credit facility, the entire principal amount of revolving loans outstanding under the revolving credit facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest on such revolving loans, will be due and payable.
Amendment No. 4 also establishes a $75,000 swingline as a sublimit of the revolving credit facility, which allows Lamar Media to borrow revolving loans on a same-day basis, in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of up to $75,000. In addition, Amendment No. 4 amends the provisions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement related to incremental facilities to allow Lamar Media to establish, from time to time, one or more new incremental revolving facilities on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth therein.
As of December 31, 2024, there were $284,000 in outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Availability under the revolving credit facility is reduced by the amount of any letters of credit outstanding. Lamar Media had $8,789 in letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2024 resulting in $457,211 of availability under the revolving credit facility. Revolving credit loans may be requested under the revolving credit facility at any time prior to its maturity on July 31, 2028.
The terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict, among other things, the ability of Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media to:
•dispose of assets;
•incur or repay debt;
•create liens;
•make investments; and
•pay dividends.
The senior credit facility contains provisions that allow Lamar Media to conduct its affairs in a manner that allows Lamar Advertising to qualify and remain qualified as a REIT, including by allowing Lamar Media to make distributions to Lamar Advertising required for the Company to qualify and remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, subject to certain restrictions.
Lamar Media’s ability to make distributions to Lamar Advertising is also restricted under the terms of these agreements. Under the senior credit facility, the Company must maintain a specified secured debt ratio as long as a revolving credit commitment, revolving loan or letter of credit remains outstanding, and in addition, must satisfy a total debt ratio in order to incur debt, make distributions or make certain investments.
Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media were in compliance with all of the terms of their indentures and the senior credit facility provisions during the periods presented.
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program
On December 18, 2018, Lamar Media entered into a $175,000 Receivable Financing Agreement (the "Receivable Financing Agreement") with its wholly-owned special purpose entities, Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC (the “Special Purpose Subsidiaries”) (the "Accounts Receivable Securitization Program"). The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is limited to the availability of eligible accounts receivable collateralizing the borrowings under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Pursuant to two separate Purchase and Sale Agreements dated December 18, 2018, each of which is among Lamar Media as initial Servicer, certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries and a Special Purpose Subsidiary, the subsidiaries sold substantially all of their existing and future accounts receivable balances to the Special Purpose Subsidiaries. The Special Purpose Subsidiaries use the accounts receivable balances to collateralize loans pursuant to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media retains the responsibility of servicing the accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and provides a performance guaranty.
On June 24, 2022, Lamar Media and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries entered into the Sixth Amendment (the "Sixth Amendment") to the Receivables Financing Agreement. The Sixth Amendment increased the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program from $175,000 to $250,000 and extended the maturity date of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to July 21, 2025. Additionally, the Sixth Amendment provides for the replacement of LIBOR-based interest rate mechanics with Term SOFR based interest rate mechanics for the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.
The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was set to mature on July 21, 2025, but was subsequently extended to October 15, 2027 by the Seventh Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement dated October 15, 2024; provided, that, if on the date (a “Securitization Springing Maturity Test Date”) that is 91 days prior to the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media’s Term Loan B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027), (a) any of the outstanding Term B loans has a scheduled maturity date prior to the date that is 91 days prior to the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media’s revolving credit facility (which is currently July 31, 2028) and (b) the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as (i) unused commitments under the revolving credit facility plus (ii) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus (iii) borrowing availability under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term Loan B loans, then the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program will mature on such Securitization Springing Maturity Test Date. Lamar Media may amend the facility to further extend the maturity date, enter into a new securitization facility with a different maturity date, or refinance the indebtedness outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program using borrowings under its senior credit facility or from other financing sources.
As of December 31, 2024, there was $250,000 outstanding aggregate borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media had no additional availability for borrowing under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as of December 31, 2024. The commitment fees based on the amount of unused commitments under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program were immaterial during the year ended December 31, 2024.
The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale of assets, and therefore: (i) accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral are presented as assets and the borrowings are presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income reflect the associated charges for bad debt expense (a component of general and administrative expenses) related to the pledged accounts receivable and interest expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) receipts from customers related to the underlying accounts receivable are reflected as operating cash flows and borrowings and repayments under the collateralized loans are reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
4% Senior Notes
On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Original 4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.
On August 19, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of an additional $150,000 aggregate principal amount of its 4% Notes (the “Additional 4% Notes”, and together with the "Original 4% Notes, the "4% Notes"). Other than with respect to the date of issuance and issue price, the Additional 4% Notes have the same terms as the Original 4% Notes. The institutional private placement on August 19, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $146,900.
At any time prior to February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 4% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem the 4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.
3 3/4% Senior Notes
On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $600,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “3 3/4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $592,500.
On or after February 15, 2023, Lamar Media may redeem the 3 3/4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 3/4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 3 3/4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 3/4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.
4 7/8% Senior Notes
On May 13, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4 7/8% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “4 7/8% Notes”). The institutional private placement on May 13, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.
On or after January 15, 2024, Lamar Media may redeem the 4 7/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4 7/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4 7/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4 7/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.
3 5/8% Senior Notes
On January 22, 2021, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $550,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 5/8% Senior Notes due 2031 (the "3 5/8% Notes"). The institutional private placement on January 22, 2021 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $542,500.
At any time prior to January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem the 3 5/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 5/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder's 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 5/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.
Exchange Offers
In October 2020, the Company completed a subsequent exchange offer with respect to each of the 4% Notes, 3 3/4% Notes, and 4 7/8% Notes, in each case, for substantially identical notes registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In September 2021, the Company completed a subsequent exchange offer with respect to the 3 5/8% Notes for substantially identical notes registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Debt Repurchase Program
The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized Lamar Media to repurchase up to $250,000 outstanding senior or senior subordinated notes and other indebtedness outstanding from time to time under its Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On September 24, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through March 31, 2026. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2024.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(10)Asset Retirement Obligation
The Company’s asset retirement obligation includes the costs associated with the removal of its structures, resurfacing of the land and retirement cost, if applicable, related to the Company’s outdoor advertising portfolio. The following table reflects information related to our asset retirement obligations:
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 390,442
Additions to asset retirement obligations 4,548
Revision in estimates 1,230
Accretion expense 7,210
Liabilities settled (5,439)
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 397,991
Additions to asset retirement obligations 289
Revision in estimates 215,899
Accretion expense 7,843
Liabilities settled (7,309)
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 614,713
Revision in estimates in December 31, 2024 of $215,899 reflects changes in cost estimates to remove structures and resurface land for structures that reside on leased land in the Company's outdoor advertising portfolio.
(11)Depreciation and Amortization
The Company includes all categories of depreciation and amortization on a separate line in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The amounts of depreciation and amortization expense excluded from the following operating expenses in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Direct advertising expenses $ 439,933 $ 273,297 $ 330,357
General and administrative expenses 5,334 5,691 5,242
Corporate expenses 17,700 14,435 13,850
$ 462,967 $ 293,423 $ 349,449
The increase in the amount of depreciation and amortization expense excluded from direct advertising expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 is due to the revision in the removal cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations during the period.
(12)Income Taxes
Commencing January 1, 2014, the Company began operating as a REIT for U.S. income tax purposes. Since operating as a REIT, the Company filed, and intends to continue to file, as a REIT, and its TRSs filed, and intend to continue to file, as C corporations. The Company also files tax returns in various states and countries. The Company’s state tax returns reflect different combinations of the Company’s subsidiaries and are dependent on the connection each subsidiary has with a particular state. The following information pertains to the Company’s income taxes on a consolidated basis.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Income tax expense consists of the following:
Current Deferred Total
Year ended December 31, 2024
U.S. federal $ 5,942 $ 945 $ 6,887
State and local 2,277 366 2,643
Foreign 348 (5,347) (4,999)
$ 8,567 $ (4,036) $ 4,531
Year ended December 31, 2023
U.S. federal $ 6,223 $ 1,280 $ 7,503
State and local 2,035 (26) 2,009
Foreign (860) 1,130 270
$ 7,398 $ 2,384 $ 9,782
Year ended December 31, 2022
U.S. federal $ 5,663 $ 2,073 $ 7,736
State and local 3,376 (136) 3,240
Foreign 5,201 1,275 6,476
$ 14,240 $ 3,212 $ 17,452
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had income taxes receivable of $2,104 which was recorded within other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had income taxes payable of $199 and $36, respectively, which was recorded within accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The U.S. and foreign components of earnings before income taxes are as follows:
2024 2023 2022
U.S. $ 368,924 $ 509,040 $ 446,395
Foreign (1,454) (2,422) 9,704
Total $ 367,470 $ 506,618 $ 456,099
A reconciliation of significant differences between the reported amount of income tax expense and the expected amount of income tax expense that would result from applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21 percent to income before taxes for the 2024, 2023 and 2022 tax years is as follows:
2024 2023 2022
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate $ 77,166 $ 106,390 $ 95,781
Tax adjustment related to REIT(a)
(76,410) (101,486) (86,793)
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 2,522 2,732 2,850
Book expenses not deductible for tax purposes 2,401 2,574 3,042
Stock-based compensation 4,814 513 (3,336)
Valuation allowance(b)
548 875 (14,984)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries(c)
(55) (95) (84)
Jurisdictional tax rate change (5,417) - -
Other differences, net(d)
(1,038) (1,721) 20,976
Income tax expense $ 4,531 $ 9,782 $ 17,452
(a)Includes dividend paid deduction of $121,466, $107,137 and $106,129 for the tax years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(b)For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, a non-cash valuation allowance of $548, $875 and ($14,984), respectively, was recorded to income tax expense (benefit) due to our limited ability to utilize Puerto Rico and Canada deferred tax assets in future years.
(c) Management does not assert that the undistributed earnings of our Canadian subsidiaries will be permanently reinvested. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recognized a deferred tax benefit of $55, $95 and $84, respectively, for future foreign withholding taxes related to undistributed earnings.
(d) Under Section 1031.01(b)(10) of the 2011 Puerto Rico Code, net operating losses and the tax basis of any other assets shall be reduced for forgiveness of debt to the extent by which the taxpayer is insolvent. As a result, a non-cash expense of $15,201 was recorded to income tax expense for the reduction of Puerto Rico deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Puerto Rico income tax withholding rate applicable on the accrued interest of the debt is 29%. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2022, a cash expense of $5,068 was recorded to income tax expense.
The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:
2024 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 222 $ 211
Net operating loss carry forwards 3,637 5,261
Tax credit carry forwards 514 1,202
Charitable contributions carry forward - 2
Intangibles 785 -
Gross deferred tax assets 5,158 6,676
Less: valuation allowance (3,402) (5,333)
Net deferred tax assets 1,756 1,343
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles - (4,926)
Accrued liabilities not deducted for tax purposes (2,214) (2,133)
Investment in partnerships (3,940) (2,611)
Property, plant and equipment (2,900) (2,956)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries (708) (764)
Gross deferred tax liabilities (9,762) (13,390)
Net deferred tax liabilities $ (8,006) $ (12,047)
As of December 31, 2024, we have approximately $8,627 of U.S. net operating loss carry forwards to offset future taxable income all of which is subject to Internal Revenue Code §382 limitation but will be available to be fully utilized by no later than 2027. These carry forwards expire between 2032 through 2037.
As of December 31, 2024, we have approximately $1,427,833 of state net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These state net operating losses are available to reduce future taxable income and expire at various times and amounts. In addition, we have $47 of various credits available to offset future state income tax.
As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $11,867 of Canadian net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These Canadian net operating losses are available to offset future taxable income. These carry forwards expire between 2026 and 2044.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in those jurisdictions during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carry back and carry forward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. In order to fully realize the deferred tax assets, the Company will need to generate future taxable income before the expiration of the carry
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
forwards governed by the tax code. Based on the current level of pretax earnings, the Company will not generate the minimum amount of future taxable income to support the realization of the deferred tax assets. As a result, management has determined that a valuation allowance related to Canada net operating loss carry forwards and other deferred tax assets is necessary. The valuation allowance for Canada deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3,402 and $1,235, respectively. For this same reason, there was also a valuation allowance for Puerto Rico deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 of $4,098. Our Puerto Rico subsidiaries were dissolved during the year ended December 31, 2024. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was a (decrease) increase of $(1,931) and $898, respectively. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period increase.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries of approximately $14,162. Management does not designate these earnings as permanently reinvested and has recognized a deferred tax liability of approximately $708 related to foreign withholding taxes on these earnings. We have recognized a current year tax benefit of $55 related to 2024 earnings.
Under ASC 740, Income Taxes, we provide for uncertain tax positions, and the related interest, and adjust recognized tax benefits and accrued interest accordingly. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 5,125
Additions for tax positions related to current year 718
Additions for tax positions related to prior years 1,142
Lapse of statute of limitations (1,441)
Balance as of December 31, 2022 5,544
Additions for tax positions related to prior years 703
Lapse of statute of limitations (1,815)
Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 4,432
Additions for tax positions related to current year 71
Additions for tax positions related to prior years 317
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years (1,396)
Lapse of statute of limitations (798)
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 2,626
As of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, there are $2,626, $4,432, and $5,544 of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized would impact our effective tax rate. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized a benefit to interest and penalties of $71. During the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, we recognized $76 and $212 of expense in interest and penalties, respectively. The Company had $1,325 and $1,396 of interest and penalties accrued at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Within the next twelve months, we expect to decrease our unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $1,560 as a result of the expiration of statute of limitations.
We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and nearly all states. In addition, the Company is subject to income taxes in Canada and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. We are no longer subject to U.S federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2021, or for any U.S. state income tax audit prior to 2021. With respect to Canada and Puerto Rico, we are no longer subject to income tax audits for years before 2021 and 2020, respectively.
As of January 1, 2024, we and our subsidiaries are subject to the OECD Pillar Two Rules. The Pillar Two Rules can potentially lead to additional taxes when the effective tax rate (as defined by the Pillar Two Rules) in a jurisdiction is below 15%. While it is uncertain whether the U.S. will enact Pillar Two legislation, Canada where the Company operates has enacted
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Pillar Two legislation. The Pillar Two Rules, however, do not apply to “Excluded Entities” considered “Real Estate Investment Vehicles” and certain subsidiaries of Excluded Entities. The majority of our entities qualify as excluded entities.
For those entities not considered Excluded Entities, Pillar Two did not have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate or the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
(13)Related Party Transactions
Affiliates, as used within these statements, are persons or entities that are affiliated with Lamar Advertising Company or its subsidiaries through common ownership and directorate control.
RTC Holdings, LLC (“RTC”), a telecommunications company, is 100% owned by entities owned by members of the Reilly family. Entities owned by Sean E. Reilly, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company; Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors; and members of their respective immediate families hold a majority stake in RTC of approximately 89%. The Reilly Family, LLC, which is owned by Sean E. Reilly, Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., members of our Board of Directors Anna Reilly and Wendell Reilly, and entities owned by each of them and members of their respective immediate families, holds the remaining minority stake in RTC of approximately 11%. On May 31, 2019, RTC acquired EATELCORP, LLC (“EATEL”) and its subsidiaries. EATEL provides phone and internet services to consumers and businesses in Louisiana. EATEL also provides data back-up and recovery services to businesses. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company was a customer of EATEL for data back-up and recovery services. The aggregate amount paid by the Company to EATEL for such services was $23 and $84 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company was also contracted by EATEL to provide advertising services in the aggregate amount of $230 and $206 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The Company had $162 and $274 receivables from employees or executive officers at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar, a leading global developer of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $25,333, $12,050 and $13,074, respectively, from advertisements generated through Vistar's programmatic technology platform. We also incurred expenses of $2,499, $1,134 and $1,167 related to these advertisements and other digital technology agreements with Vistar for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 23, "Subsequent Events" for additional information regarding the Company's interest in Vistar.
(14)Stockholders’ Equity
On July 16, 1999, the Board of Directors designated 5,720 shares of the 1,000,000 shares of previously undesignated preferred stock, par value $.001, as Series AA preferred stock, which shares were subsequently exchanged on a one for one basis in the REIT conversion. The Series AA preferred stock ranks senior to the Class A common stock and Class B common stock with respect to dividends and upon liquidation. Holders of Series AA preferred stock are entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, dividends at the rate of $15.95 per share per quarter when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors. The Series AA preferred stock is entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, $638 plus a further amount equal to any dividend accrued and unpaid to the date of distribution before any payments are made or assets distributed to the Class A common stock or Class B stock upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The liquidation value of the outstanding Series AA preferred stock at December 31, 2024 was $3,649. The Series AA preferred stock is entitled to one vote per share.
All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, following any required distribution to the holders of outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to share pro rata in any balance of the corporate assets available for distribution to them. The Company may pay dividends if, when and as declared by the Board of Directors from funds legally available therefore, subject to the restrictions set forth in the Company’s existing indentures and the senior credit facility. Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class of preferred stock, holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors out of funds legally available for such purpose. No dividend may be
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
declared or paid in cash or property on any share of either class of common stock unless simultaneously the same dividend is declared or paid on each share of the other class of common stock, provided that, in the event of stock dividends, holders of a specific class of common stock shall be entitled to receive only additional shares of such class.
The rights of the Class A and Class B common stock are equal in all respects, except holders of Class B common stock have ten votes per share on all matters in which the holders of common stock are entitled to vote and holders of Class A common stock have one vote per share on such matters. The Class B common stock will convert automatically into Class A common stock upon the sale or transfer to persons other than permitted transferees (as defined in the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended).
On July 24, 2024, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement, or At-the-Market Offering agreement, (the "2024 Sales Agreement") with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities LLC, Truist Securities, Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. as our sales agents (each a "Sales Agent", and collectively, the "Sales Agents"), which replaced the prior Sales Agreement with substantially similar terms which expired by its terms on June 21, 2024. Under the terms of the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Class A common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000, through the Sales Agents as either agents or principals.
Sales of the Class A Common Stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Global Select Market and any other existing trading market for the Class A Common Stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Class A common stock under the 2024 Sales Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the 2024 Sales Agreement.
As of December 31, 2024, no shares of our Class A common stock have been sold under the 2024 Sales Agreement or were sold under the prior Sales Agreement and accordingly $400,000 remained available to be sold under the 2024 Sales Agreement as of December 31, 2024.
On July 24, 2024, the Company filed an automatically effective shelf registration statement that allows Lamar Advertising to offer and sell an indeterminate amount of additional shares of its Class A common stock. The shelf registration statement replaced a prior shelf registration statement which expired. As of December 31, 2024, the Company did not issue any shares under its shelf registration statements.
The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $250,000 of the Company’s Class A common stock. On September 24, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through March 31, 2026. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2024.
(15)Stock Compensation Plans
Equity Incentive Plan. Lamar’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, (the “1996 Plan”) has reserved 17.5 million shares of Class A common stock for issuance to directors and employees, including shares underlying granted options and common stock reserved for issuance under its performance-based incentive and LTIP Unit programs. Options granted under the 1996 Plan expire ten years from the grant date with vesting terms ranging from three to five years which primarily includes 1) options that vest in one-fifth increments beginning on the grant date and continuing on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date and 2) options that cliff-vest on the fifth anniversary of the grant date. All grants are made at fair market value based on the closing price of our Class A common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant.
In February 2013, the 1996 Plan was amended to eliminate the provision that limited the amount of Class A common stock, including shares retained from an award, that could be withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations to the minimum tax obligations required by law (except with respect to option awards). In accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, the Company is required to classify the awards affected by the amendment as liability-classified awards at fair value each period prior to their settlement. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a liability, in accrued expenses, of $16,404 and $7,936, respectively, related to its equity incentive awards affected by this amendment.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
We use a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of share-based awards. The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model incorporates various highly subjective assumptions, including expected term and expected volatility. We have reviewed our historical pattern of option exercises and have determined that meaningful differences in option exercise activity existed among vesting schedules. Therefore, for all stock options granted after January 1, 2006, we have categorized these awards into two groups of vesting 1) 5-year cliff vest and 2) 4-year graded vest, for valuation purposes. We have determined there were no meaningful differences in employee activity under our ESPP due to the nature of the plan.
We estimate the expected term of options granted using an implied life derived from the results of a hypothetical mid-point settlement scenario, which incorporates our historical exercise, expiration and post-vesting employment termination patterns, while accommodating for partial life cycle effects. We believe these estimates will approximate future behavior.
We estimate the expected volatility of our Class A common stock at the grant date using a blend of 90% historical volatility of our Class A common stock and 10% implied volatility of publicly traded options with maturities greater than six months on our Class A common stock as of the option grant date. Our decision to use a blend of historical and implied volatility was based upon the volume of actively traded options on our common stock and our belief that historical volatility alone may not be completely representative of future stock price trends.
Our risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the Federal Reserve nominal rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. We assumed an expected dividend yield of 5%.
We estimate option forfeitures at the time of grant and periodically revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We record stock based compensation expense only for those awards expected to vest using an estimated forfeiture rate based on our historical forfeiture data.
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used:
Grant Year Dividend
Yield Expected
Volatility Risk Free
Interest Rate Expected
Lives
2024 5% 45% 4% 6
2023 5% 45% 4% 6
2022 5% 45% 2% 6
Information regarding stock options under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:
Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted
Average
Contractual
Life
Outstanding, beginning of year 391,015 $ 85.81
Granted 45,000 122.37
Exercised (112,575) 80.74
Forfeited - -
Expired - -
Outstanding, end of year 323,440 $ 92.67 6.32
Exercisable at end of year 211,640 $ 85.35 5.31
At December 31, 2024 there was $2,682 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.70 years.
Shares available for future stock option, LTIP Units and restricted share grants to employees and directors under existing plans were 1,463,374 at December 31, 2024. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding as of December 31,
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
2024 was $9,586 and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was $7,738. Total intrinsic value of options exercised was $4,627 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Information regarding LTIP Units under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:
Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year 176,000 $ 95.50
Granted 120,000 117.29
Exercised - -
Forfeited (35,200) 102.03
Outstanding, end of year 260,800 $ 104.64
Vested at end of year 140,800 $ 93.87
At December 31, 2024 there was $2,346 of unrecognized compensation cost related to LITP Units granted which is expected to be recognized in the first quarter of 2025.
The fair value of LTIP Units granted and vested as of December 31, 2024 was $27,291 and $13,216, respectively, based on the weighted average grant date fair value per unit.
Stock Purchase Plan. On May 30, 2019, our shareholders approved Lamar Advertising’s 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2019 ESPP”). The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 ESPP was automatically increased by 87,645 shares on January 1, 2024 pursuant to the automatic increase provisions of the 2019 ESPP.
The following is a summary of 2019 ESPP share activity for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Shares
Available for future purchases, January 1, 2024
242,292
Additional shares reserved under 2019 ESPP 87,645
Purchases (125,409)
Available for future purchases, December 31, 2024 204,528
Performance-based compensation. Unrestricted shares of our Class A common stock may be awarded to key officers, employees and directors under our 1996 Plan based on certain Company performance measures for fiscal year 2024. The number of shares to be issued, if any, are generally dependent on the level of achievement of these performance measures as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee based on our 2024 results and are issued in the first quarter of 2025. The shares subject to these awards generally can range from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 120% of the target number of shares depending on the level at which the goals are attained. Under the 1996 Plan, the Company's Compensation Committee may also award additional shares in its discretion based on other factors, which awards, if any, for 2025, will also be issued in the first quarter of 2025. Based on the Company’s performance measures achieved through December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $24,711, $11,677 and $11,545 as stock-based compensation expense related to these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
LTIP Units. In addition to stock compensation, the Company may issue LTIP Units of the OP, a subsidiary of the Company, to certain officers, employees and directors under the 1996 Plan. Such LTIP Units are subject to vesting and forfeiture conditions based on performance criteria approved by the Compensation Committee, which generally mirrors the performance criteria applicable to the Company's performance-based compensation, as described above. The Compensation Committee may also make discretionary grants of LTIP Units based on other factors. LTIP Units are a class of units intended to qualify as "profits interests" of the OP. The LTIP Units convert into Common Units of the OP upon the occurrence of certain events. Common Units are redeemable by the holder for shares of the Company's Class A common stock after a holding period
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
of twelve months, or may be paid out in cash at the option of the general partner of the OP. As of December 31, 2024, the OP issued a total of 260,800 LTIP Units to the Company's executive officers, of which 140,800 LTIP units have vested. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $13,996 and $5,347, respectively, as stock-based compensation expense related to these LTIP Units.
Restricted stock compensation. Annually, each non-employee director automatically receives a restricted stock award of our Class A common stock upon election or re-election. The awards vest 50% on grant date and 50% on the last day of the directors' one year term. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $746 and $715, respectively, in stock-based compensation expense related to these awards.
(16)Benefit Plans
The Company sponsors a partially self-insured group health insurance program. The Company is obligated to pay all claims under the program, which are in excess of premiums, up to program limits. The Company is also self-insured with respect to its income disability benefits and against casualty losses on advertising structures. Amounts for expected losses, including a provision for losses incurred but not reported, is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company maintained $5,537 for both years in letters of credit with a bank to meet requirements of the Company’s worker’s compensation and general liability insurance carrier.
Savings and Profit Sharing Plan
The Company sponsors The Lamar Corporation Savings and Profit Sharing Plan covering eligible employees who have completed one year of service and are at least 21 years of age. The Company has the option to match 50% of employees’ contributions up to 5% of eligible compensation. Employees can contribute up to 100% of compensation. Full vesting on the Company’s matched contributions occurs after three years for contributions made after January 1, 2002. Annually, at the Company’s discretion, an additional profit sharing contribution may be made on behalf of each eligible employee. The Company matched contributions of $8,130, $7,265 and $6,780 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company sponsors a Deferred Compensation Plan for the benefit of certain of its board-elected officers who meet specific age and years of service and other criteria. Officers that have attained the age of 30 and have a minimum of 10 years of service to the Company and satisfy additional eligibility guidelines are eligible for annual contributions to the plan generally ranging from $3 to $8, depending on the employee’s length of service. The Company’s contributions to the plan are maintained in a rabbi trust and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the plan are reflected in the balance sheet of the Company in other assets and other liabilities. Upon termination, death or disability, participating employees are eligible to receive an amount equal to the fair market value of the assets in the employee’s deferred compensation account. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company contributed $2,223, $1,880 and $1,637, respectively.
On December 8, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Lamar Deferred Compensation Plan in order to (1) to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 409A”) applicable to deferred compensation and (2) to reflect changes in the administration of the plan. The Company’s Board of Directors also approved the adoption of a grantor trust pursuant to which amounts may be set aside, but remain subject to claims of the Company’s creditors, for payments of liabilities under the new plan, including amounts contributed under the old plan. The plan was further amended in August 2007 to make certain amendments to reflect Section 409A regulations issued on April 10, 2007. An additional clarifying amendment was made to the plan in December 2013.
(17)Commitment and Contingencies
Off balance sheet arrangements
Our off balance sheet commitments consist of guaranteed minimum payments to local transit municipalities and airport authorities for agreements which entitle us to rent advertising space to customers, in airports and on buses, benches or shelters. Also included are other contractual agreements that occur in the ordinary course of business which do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842. The following is a summary of the minimum payments related to these agreements.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
2025 $ 50,092
2026 $ 36,680
2027 $ 24,729
2028 $ 20,921
2029 $ 15,058
Thereafter $ 39,837
Legal matters
The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
(18)Distribution Restrictions
Lamar Media’s ability to make distributions to Lamar Advertising is restricted under both the terms of the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes and by the terms of the senior credit facility. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Lamar Media was permitted under the terms of its outstanding senior subordinated and senior notes to make transfers to Lamar Advertising in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances in amounts up to $4,677,837 and $4,438,406, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, the senior credit facility allows Lamar Media to make transfers to Lamar Advertising in any taxable year up to the amount of Lamar Advertising’s taxable income (without any deduction for dividends paid). In addition, as of December 31, 2024, transfers to Lamar Advertising are permitted under the senior credit facility and as defined therein up to the available cumulative credit, as long as no default has occurred and is continuing and, after giving effect to such distributions, (i) the total debt ratio is less than 7.0 to 1 and (ii) the secured debt ratio does not exceed 4.5 to 1. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total debt ratio was less than 7.0 to 1 and Lamar Media’s secured debt ratio was less than 4.5 to 1, and the available cumulative credit was $3,428,317 and $3,188,886, respectively.
(19)Fair Value of Financial Instruments
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable and borrowings. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt approximated carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Investments and initial recognition of asset retirement obligations are reported at fair values. Fair values for investments held at cost are not readily available, but are estimated to approximate fair value. The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt (including current maturities) was $3,057,776, which is less than both the gross and carrying amount of $3,234,301 as of December 31, 2024. The majority of the fair value is determined using observed prices of publicly traded debt (level 1 in the fair value hierarchy) and the remaining is valued based on quoted prices for similar debt (level 2 in the fair value hierarchy).
(20)Information about Geographic Areas
Revenues from external customers attributable to foreign countries totaled $36,465, $30,568 and $29,465 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net carrying value of long-lived assets located in foreign countries totaled $13,972 and $13,930 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All other revenues from external customers and long-lived assets relate to domestic operations.
(21) Segment Reporting
The Company revised its segment information to reflect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 and certain changes resulting from our periodic review of factors relevant to how the chief operating decision maker (CODM) assesses performance and allocates resources in accordance with FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting. As described in Note 1, we currently manage our
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
operations through three operating segments - billboard, logo, and transit advertising. Logo and transit advertising do not meet the criteria to be reportable segments, and accordingly, are included in Other.
We define the term CODM to be our executive management group, which consists of our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Net revenues, advertising expenses and segmented adjusted EBITDA are used to monitor expected versus actual results. Total advertising expenses is the expense category regularly provided to the CODM. There are no other expenses regularly provided to the CODM that are used to manage the segment's operations. Total advertising expenses is defined as direct advertising expenses and general and administrative expenses excluding stock-based compensation expense and capitalized contract fulfillment costs. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the profitability metric reported to the Company's CODM for purposes of assessing the performance of each operating segment as well as to make decisions related to invested capital, personnel, operational improvement or training, or to allocate other company resources. We define adjusted EBITDA as net income before income tax (expense) benefit, interest (expense) income, equity in (loss) earnings of investee, (loss) gain on extinguishment of debt and investments, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, (loss) gain on disposition of assets and investments, transaction expenses and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net. Segment information for total assets is not presented as this information is not used by the Company’s CODM in measuring segment performance or allocating resources between segments.
The following table presents our financial performance by segment:
2024 2023 2022
Net revenues:
Billboard $ 1,956,176 $ 1,877,823 $ 1,813,995
Other 250,927 233,164 218,145
Total net revenues $ 2,207,103 $ 2,110,987 $ 2,032,140
Advertising expenses:
Billboard $ 870,629 $ 852,912 $ 829,287
Other 200,790 176,985 174,702
Total advertising expenses $ 1,071,419 $ 1,029,897 $ 1,003,989
Segmented adjusted EBITDA:
Billboard adjusted EBITDA $ 1,085,547 $ 1,024,911 $ 984,708
Other adjusted EBITDA 50,137 56,179 43,443
Corporate expenses (a)
(102,526) (95,366) (90,072)
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,158 $ 985,724 $ 938,079
(a) Corporate operations are not an operating segment. Corporate expenses include expenses related to infrastructure and support, including information technology, human resources, legal, finance and administrative functions of the Company, as well as overall executive, administrative and support functions.
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to income before income tax expense:
2024 2023 2022
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,158 $ 985,724 $ 938,079
Stock-based compensation expense (44,525) (22,649) (23,136)
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net 317 308 555
Depreciation and amortization (462,967) (293,423) (349,449)
Gain on disposition of assets 6,057 5,474 15,721
Equity in earnings of investee 5,094 3,696 4,315
Interest expense, net (169,394) (172,397) (126,217)
Loss on debt extinguishment (270) (115) -
Transaction expenses - - (3,769)
Income before income tax expense $ 367,470 $ 506,618 $ 456,099
(22) New Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires companies to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items that impact each reported measure of segment income or loss. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company has adopted this guidance effective for the year ended December 31, 2024.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires companies to disclose disaggregated information related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We do not anticipate the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in expense captions presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income. This guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. The Company is currently reviewing this guidance and its impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
(23) Subsequent Event
On February 3, 2025 T-Mobile USA, Inc. acquired 100% of Vistar (the "Sale"). In connection with the closing of the Sale, the Company received $115,112 in cash as consideration for the sale of its 20% equity interest in Vistar. Up to an additional $15,086 of consideration for the Sale may be received by the Company in the future, upon release of the remaining purchase price for the Sale from escrow in connection with satisfaction of certain post-closing conditions.
The Company expects to recognize an initial gain of approximately $68,000 related to the transaction, and will account for any amounts to be received in the future as contingent gains, to be recognized upon receipt of such cash amounts.
SCHEDULE II
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands)
Balance at
Beginning
of Year Charged to
Costs and
Expenses Deductions Balance at
End of
Year
Year ended December 31, 2024
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 12,477 8,770 8,843 $ 12,404
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance $ 5,333 - 1,931 $ 3,402
Year ended December 31, 2023
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 11,418 12,737 11,678 $ 12,477
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance $ 4,435 898 - $ 5,333
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 11,195 9,013 8,790 $ 11,418
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance $ 19,433 - 14,998 $ 4,435
SCHEDULE III
LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands)
Description(1)
Encumbrances Initial Cost(2)
Gross Carrying
Amount(3)
Accumulated
Depreciation Construction
Date Acquisition
Date Useful Lives
360,487 Displays
- - $ 4,170,086 $ (2,797,682) Various Various 5 to 20 years
(1)No single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount at December 31, 2024
(2)This information is omitted, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis
(3)Includes sites under construction
The following table summarizes activity for the Company’s real estate assets, which consists of advertising displays and the related accumulated depreciation.
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 3,883,556 $ 3,745,006 $ 3,439,618
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays(4)
34,030 80,241 85,972
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays 24,762 26,127 23,850
Capital expenditures other recurring(5)
253,950 42,703 141,030
Land acquisitions(6)
8,719 24,064 31,061
Acquisition of advertising displays(7)
3,153 9,285 64,223
Assets sold or written-off (35,777) (44,442) (39,149)
Foreign exchange (2,307) 572 (1,599)
Balance at the end of the year $ 4,170,086 $ 3,883,556 $ 3,745,006
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 2,529,560 $ 2,440,956 $ 2,287,590
Depreciation 300,855 124,072 185,820
Assets sold or written-off (31,469) (35,791) (31,514)
Foreign exchange (1,264) 323 (940)
Balance at the end of the year $ 2,797,682 $ 2,529,560 $ 2,440,956
(4)Includes non-cash amounts of $377, $1,138 and $2,367 at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively
(5)Includes non-cash amounts of $211,246, $1,186 and $103,019 at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the revision in cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations
(6)Includes preliminary allocation of assets acquired during 2022
(7)Includes non-cash amounts of $72, $3,052 and $11,132 at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Schedule III - Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of Lamar Media Corp. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
Lamar Media Corp.’s management assessed the effectiveness of Lamar Media Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, Lamar Media Corp.’s management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, Lamar Media Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of Lamar Media Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in Item 8 to this Annual Report.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholder and Board of Directors
Lamar Media Corp.:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Lamar Media Corp. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 20, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
KPMG LLP
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
February 20, 2025
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholder and Board of Directors
Lamar Media Corp.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lamar Media Corp. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 20, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Assessment of the accounting lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, which refers to Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Advertising Company, a lessee determines the lease term at the commencement date by identifying the non-cancellable period of the lease and then adding any periods for which it is reasonably certain to exercise a renewal option (or not to exercise a termination option). The Company has approximately 71,500 billboard land leases for which they determined the lease term using a portfolio approach, in accordance with which the negotiated stated initial lease term for each billboard land lease was concluded to be the lease term under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases (ASC 842).
We identified the assessment of the lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases, which affects the discount rate for the lease as well as the measurement of the lease liability and right of use asset, as a critical audit matter. In the Company’s billboard land leases, the Company typically has both unilateral renewal and termination options. Determining the lease term involved a high degree of subjectivity as to whether the lease term should or should not include renewal periods (including periods after an optional termination date), the evaluation of which required subjective auditor judgment.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s billboard land lease process, including controls
related to the qualifications and experience of individuals negotiating the stated initial lease term, reconciliation of inputs into the system, approval of billboard land lease contracts, and annual evaluation of the renewals and terminations exercised by the Company during the year. We evaluated the competence, capabilities, and objectivity of the Company’s real estate team that negotiates the lease terms and conditions, and whether the team considers economic factors that are consistent with those enumerated in ASC 842 when negotiating the stated initial lease term and associated renewal and termination options. We inspected the Company’s assessment and conclusion about using the portfolio approach for its billboard land leases. We tested a sample of the Company’s billboard land lease population and obtained underlying documentation to evaluate whether the leases entered into are similar in terms of the lease agreement creation process, purpose for the lease (i.e. to host a Company billboard), and lease term considerations. We assessed the impact of billboard land leases with early terminations and renewals beyond the stated initial term to evaluate the Company’s assertion that use of the stated initial lease term as the lease term for its billboard land leases on a portfolio basis was appropriate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1992.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
February 20, 2025
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2024 and 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
2024 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 48,961 $ 44,105
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,404 and $12,477 as of 2024 and 2023, respectively
334,798 301,189
Other current assets 41,009 27,392
Total current assets 424,768 372,686
Property, plant and equipment 4,574,894 4,274,831
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,974,085) (2,708,361)
Net property, plant and equipment 1,600,809 1,566,470
Operating lease right of use assets 1,355,231 1,315,433
Financing lease right of use assets 8,331 11,184
Goodwill (note 3) 2,024,931 2,025,119
Intangible assets, net (note 3) 1,062,133 1,170,967
Other assets 93,604 85,021
Total assets $ 6,569,807 $ 6,546,880
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable $ 21,586 $ 18,238
Current maturities of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $611 and $380 in 2024 and 2023, respectively (note 5)
249,806 250,018
Current operating lease liabilities 218,108 210,568
Current financing lease liabilities 1,331 1,331
Accrued expenses (note 4) 123,282 97,464
Deferred income 153,700 126,547
Total current liabilities 767,813 704,166
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $22,826 and $28,865 in 2024 and 2023, respectively (note 5)
2,961,058 3,091,109
Operating lease liabilities 1,114,407 1,075,285
Financing lease liabilities 13,283 14,614
Deferred income tax liabilities 8,006 12,047
Asset retirement obligation 614,713 397,991
Other liabilities 48,588 41,891
Total liabilities 5,527,868 5,337,103
Stockholder’s equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 3,000 shares; 100 shares issued and outstanding at 2024 and 2023
- -
Additional paid-in-capital 3,229,799 3,173,789
Accumulated comprehensive loss (2,954) (428)
Accumulated deficit (2,185,755) (1,963,998)
Non-controlling interest 849 414
Stockholder’s equity 1,041,939 1,209,777
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity $ 6,569,807 $ 6,546,880
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Statements of Income
Net revenues $ 2,207,103 $ 2,110,987 $ 2,032,140
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 727,875 696,799 667,288
General and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 361,133 344,780 350,623
Corporate expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 128,577 105,528 101,998
Depreciation and amortization 462,967 293,423 349,449
Gain on disposition of assets (6,057) (5,474) (15,721)
1,674,495 1,435,056 1,453,637
Operating income 532,608 675,931 578,503
Other expense (income):
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 -
Interest income (2,315) (2,115) (1,293)
Interest expense 171,709 174,512 127,510
Equity in earnings of investee (5,094) (3,696) (4,315)
164,570 168,816 121,902
Income before income tax expense 368,038 507,115 456,601
Income tax expense 4,531 9,782 17,452
Net income 363,507 497,333 439,149
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest 1,072 1,073 -
Net income attributable to controlling interest $ 362,435 $ 496,260 $ 439,149
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income $ 363,507 $ 497,333 $ 439,149
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments (2,526) 231 (1,514)
Comprehensive income 360,981 497,564 437,635
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest 1,072 1,073 -
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest $ 359,909 $ 496,491 $ 437,635
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Common
Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital Accumulated
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Accumulated
Deficit Non-controlling Interest Total
Balance, December 31, 2021 $ - 3,071,905 855 (1,864,414) - 1,208,346
Contribution from parent - 60,273 - - - 60,273
Foreign currency translations - - (1,514) - - (1,514)
Net income - - - 439,149 - 439,149
Dividend to parent - - - (518,753) - (518,753)
Balance, December 31, 2022 $ - 3,132,178 (659) (1,944,018) - 1,187,501
Contribution from parent - 42,627 - - - 42,627
Reallocation of capital - (1,016) - - 397 (619)
Foreign currency translations - - 231 - - 231
Net income - - - 496,260 1,073 497,333
Dividend to parent - - - (516,240) (1,056) (517,296)
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ - 3,173,789 (428) (1,963,998) 414 1,209,777
Contribution from parent - 57,028 - - - 57,028
Reallocation of capital - (1,018) - - 1,018 -
Foreign currency translations - - (2,526) - - (2,526)
Net income - - - 362,435 1,072 363,507
Dividend to parent - - - (584,192) (1,655) (585,847)
Balance, December 31, 2024 $ - 3,229,799 (2,954) (2,185,755) 849 1,041,939
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 363,507 $ 497,333 $ 439,149
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 462,967 293,423 349,449
Non-cash compensation 44,525 22,649 23,136
Amortization included in interest expense 6,332 6,538 6,158
Gain on disposition of assets and investments (6,057) (5,474) (15,721)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 270 115 -
Equity in earnings of investee (5,094) (3,696) (4,315)
Deferred income tax expense (4,036) 2,384 3,212
Provision for doubtful accounts 8,770 12,737 9,013
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in:
Receivables (43,000) (28,744) (22,511)
Prepaid expenses (2,656) 1,087 (906)
Other assets (7,424) (3,363) 2,711
Increase (decrease) in:
Trade accounts payable 3,262 (307) 1,176
Accrued expenses 18,902 (1,708) (10,773)
Operating lease liabilities 7,498 2,490 7,198
Other liabilities (10,567) (39,154) (47,110)
Cash flows provided by operating activities 837,199 756,310 739,866
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (125,284) (178,271) (167,078)
Acquisitions (45,393) (138,961) (479,766)
Decrease in notes receivable 65 62 12,124
Proceeds from disposition of assets 5,706 7,051 15,649
Cash flows used in investing activities (164,906) (310,119) (619,071)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility 783,000 403,000 445,000
Payments on revolving credit facility (569,000) (378,000) (575,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt (400) (381) (365)
Principal payments on financing leases (1,331) (1,331) (1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans - - 350,000
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program 86,400 114,900 265,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program (86,400) (114,900) (190,000)
Debt issuance costs (464) (2,951) (1,583)
Payment on senior credit facility term loans (350,000) - -
Distributions to non-controlling interest (1,655) (1,056) (814)
Dividends to parent (584,192) (516,240) (518,753)
Contributions from parent 57,028 42,627 60,273
Cash flows used in financing activities (667,014) (454,332) (167,573)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents (423) 127 (391)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 4,856 (8,014) (47,169)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 44,105 52,119 99,288
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 48,961 $ 44,105 $ 52,119
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 165,827 $ 168,011 $ 120,000
Cash paid for state and federal income taxes $ 8,505 $ 11,432 $ 16,325
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(1)Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies
(a)Nature of Business
Lamar Media Corp. (“Lamar Media”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company. Lamar Media is engaged in the outdoor advertising business operating approximately 159,000 outdoor advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. Lamar Media’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.
In addition, Lamar Media operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States as well as the province of Ontario, Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.
On July 1, 2022, Lamar Media entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Certain footnotes are not provided for the accompanying financial statements as the information in notes 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, and 23 and portions of note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Advertising Company included elsewhere in this filing are substantially equivalent to that required for the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Media Corp. Earnings per share data is not provided for the operating results of Lamar Media Corp. as it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company.
(b)Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Media, its subsidiary, Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership, and Lamar Advertising Limited Partnerships' wholly owned subsidiaries, The Lamar Company, L.L.C., Lamar Central Outdoor, LLC, Lamar TRS Holdings, LLC, Lamar Advertising Southwest, LLC, Interstate Logos, L.L.C., Lamar Obie Company, LLC, Lamar Canadian Outdoor Company, Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC, Fairway Media Group, LCC, Ashby Street Outdoor Holdings, LLC, SkyHigh Murals - Colossal Media, LLC and their majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
(2)Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2022, the Company had non-cash investing activities that resulted in an increase to the asset retirement obligation balance and the carrying value of the related property, plant and equipment in the amount of $215,899 and $110,321, respectively, related to the revision in estimate of the Company's asset retirement obligation. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, there were non-cash investing and financing activities for the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities at lease commencement as disclosed in Note 7, "Leases".
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(3)Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Estimated Life (Years) 2024 2023
Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts 7-10
$ 732,098 $ 665,095 $ 731,156 $ 640,635
Non-competition agreement 3-15
71,960 66,894 71,960 66,455
Site locations 15 2,982,504 2,002,272 2,955,324 1,891,078
Other 2-15
52,215 42,383 52,033 41,338
$ 3,838,777 $ 2,776,644 $ 3,810,473 $ 2,639,506
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill $ 2,277,597 $ 252,666 $ 2,277,786 $ 252,667
The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 2,277,784
Purchase price adjustments and other 2
Balance as of December 31, 2023 2,277,786
Purchase price adjustments and other (189)
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 2,277,597
(4)Accrued Expenses
The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
2024 2023
Payroll $ 27,871 $ 21,903
Interest 22,837 23,322
Insurance benefits 10,972 10,801
Accrued variable lease and contract expense 34,416 30,375
Non-cash compensation 16,404 7,936
Other 10,782 3,127
$ 123,282 $ 97,464
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(5)Long-term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024
Debt Deferred financing costs Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility $ 883,474 $ 5,623 $ 877,851
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program 250,000 611 249,389
3 3/4% Senior Notes 600,000 3,802 596,198
3 5/8% Senior Notes 550,000 5,440 544,560
4% Senior Notes 549,595 4,854 544,741
4 7/8% Senior Notes 400,000 3,107 396,893
Other notes with various rates and terms 1,232 - 1,232
3,234,301 23,437 3,210,864
Less current maturities (250,417) (611) (249,806)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities $ 2,983,884 $ 22,826 $ 2,961,058
December 31, 2023
Debt Deferred financing costs Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility $ 1,019,222 $ 8,266 $ 1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program 250,000 380 249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes 600,000 4,923 595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes 550,000 6,226 543,774
4% Senior Notes 549,516 5,675 543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes 400,000 3,775 396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms 1,634 - 1,634
3,370,372 29,245 3,341,127
Less current maturities (250,398) (380) (250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities $ 3,119,974 $ 28,865 $ 3,091,109
Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:
Debt Deferred financing costs Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2025 $ 417 $ - $ 417
2026 $ 442 $ - $ 442
2027 $ 849,820 $ 3,044 $ 846,776
2028 $ 884,000 $ 6,993 $ 877,007
2029 $ 400,000 $ 3,107 $ 396,893
Later years $ 1,099,622 $ 10,293 $ 1,089,329
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(6)Related Party Transactions
Affiliates, as used within these statements, are persons or entities that are affiliated with Lamar Media Corp. or its subsidiaries through common ownership and directorate control.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was a payable to Lamar Advertising Company, its parent, in the amount of $77 and $1,009, respectively.
Effective December 31, 2024 and 2023, Lamar Advertising Company contributed $57,028 and $42,627, respectively, to Lamar Media which resulted in an increase in Lamar Media’s additional paid-in capital.
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(7) Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries
Summarized financial information for Lamar Media, subsidiary guarantors and non-guarantor subsidiaries is presented below. Lamar Media and its subsidiary guarantors have fully and unconditionally guaranteed Lamar Media’s obligations with respect to its publicly issued notes. All guarantees are joint and several. As a result of these guarantee arrangements, we are required to present the following summarized financial information. The following summarized financial information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes. Separate financial statements of Lamar Media’s subsidiary guarantors are not included because the guarantors are each a consolidated subsidiary of Lamar Media, Lamar Media’s consolidated financial statements have been filed, and the guaranteed securities are debt securities with Lamar Media as the issuer. The accounts for all companies reflected herein are presented using the equity method of accounting for investments in subsidiaries.
Summarized Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024
Lamar Media Corp. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Lamar Media Consolidated
Current assets $ 38,950 $ 52,617 $ 333,201 $ - $ 424,768
Noncurrent assets 4,302,475 6,368,402 297,831 (4,823,669) 6,145,039
Current liabilities 50,707 444,841 272,265 - 767,813
Noncurrent liabilities 3,249,628 1,738,404 384,695 (612,672) 4,760,055
Non-controlling interest - 1,770 (921) - 849
Summarized Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023
Lamar Media Corp. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Lamar Media Consolidated
Current assets $ 33,875 $ 28,905 $ 309,906 $ - $ 372,686
Noncurrent assets 4,596,516 6,359,236 318,095 (5,099,653) 6,174,194
Current liabilities 45,225 387,408 271,533 - 704,166
Noncurrent liabilities 3,375,803 1,476,097 368,208 (587,171) 4,632,937
Non-controlling interest - 964 (550) - 414
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Summarized Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Lamar Media Corp. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Lamar Media Consolidated
Net revenues $ - $ 2,159,755 $ 49,840 $ (2,492) $ 2,207,103
Operating expenses (income) - 1,626,780 50,207 (2,492) 1,674,495
Operating income (loss) - 532,975 (367) - 532,608
Net income (loss) 362,435 530,522 (10,804) (518,646) 363,507
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest $ 362,435 $ 529,937 $ (11,291) $ (518,646) $ 362,435
Summarized Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Lamar Media Corp. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Lamar Media Consolidated
Net revenues $ - $ 2,069,600 $ 44,068 $ (2,681) $ 2,110,987
Operating expenses (income) - 1,392,389 45,348 (2,681) 1,435,056
Operating income (loss) - 677,211 (1,280) - 675,931
Net income (loss) 496,260 673,330 (16,393) (655,864) 497,333
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest $ 496,260 $ 672,943 $ (17,079) $ (655,864) $ 496,260
Summarized Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Lamar Media Corp. Guarantor Subsidiaries Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Lamar Media Consolidated
Net revenues $ - $ 1,992,900 $ 41,789 $ (2,549) $ 2,032,140
Operating expenses (income) - 1,425,150 31,036 (2,549) 1,453,637
Operating income (loss) - 567,750 10,753 - 578,503
Net income (loss) 439,149 561,626 (81) (561,545) 439,149
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest $ 439,149 $ 561,626 $ (81) $ (561,545) $ 439,149
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
(8) Segment Reporting
The following table presents our financial performance by segment:
2024 2023 2022
Net revenues:
Billboard $ 1,956,176 $ 1,877,823 $ 1,813,995
Other 250,927 233,164 218,145
Total net revenues $ 2,207,103 $ 2,110,987 $ 2,032,140
Advertising expenses:
Billboard $ 870,629 $ 852,912 $ 829,287
Other 200,790 176,985 174,702
Total advertising expenses $ 1,071,419 $ 1,029,897 $ 1,003,989
Adjusted EBITDA:
Billboard adjusted EBITDA $ 1,085,547 $ 1,024,911 $ 984,708
Other adjusted EBITDA 50,137 56,179 43,443
Corporate expenses (a)
(101,958) (94,869) (89,570)
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,726 $ 986,221 $ 938,581
(a) Corporate operations are not an operating segment. Corporate expenses include expenses related to infrastructure and support, including information technology, human resources, legal, finance and administrative functions of the Company, as well as overall executive, administrative and support functions.
Reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to income before income tax expense:
2024 2023 2022
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,033,726 $ 986,221 $ 938,581
Non-cash compensation expense (44,525) (22,649) (23,136)
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net 317 308 555
Depreciation and amortization (462,967) (293,423) (349,449)
Gain on disposition of assets 6,057 5,474 15,721
Equity in earnings of investee 5,094 3,696 4,315
Interest expense, net (169,394) (172,397) (126,217)
Loss on debt extinguishment (270) (115) -
Transaction expenses - - (3,769)
Income before income tax expense $ 368,038 $ 507,115 $ 456,601
SCHEDULE II
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands)
Balance at Beginning of Year Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions Balance at End of Year
Year ended December 31, 2024
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 12,477 8,770 8,843 $ 12,404
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance $ 5,333 - 1,931 $ 3,402
Year ended December 31, 2023
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 11,418 12,737 11,678 $ 12,477
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance $ 4,435 898 - $ 5,333
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 11,195 9,013 8,790 $ 11,418
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance $ 19,433 - 14,998 $ 4,435
SCHEDULE III
LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(In thousands)
Description(1)
Encumbrances Initial Cost(2)
Gross Carrying Amount(3)
Accumulated Depreciation Construction Date Acquisition Date Useful Lives
360,487 Displays
- - $ 4,170,086 $ (2,797,682) Various Various 5 to 20 years
(1)No single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount at December 31, 2024
(2)This information is omitted, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis
(3)Includes sites under construction
The following table summarizes activity for the Company’s real estate assets, which consists of advertising displays and the related accumulated depreciation.
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 3,883,556 $ 3,745,006 $ 3,439,618
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays(4)
34,030 80,241 85,972
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays 24,762 26,127 23,850
Capital expenditures other recurring(5)
253,950 42,703 141,030
Land acquisitions(6)
8,719 24,064 31,061
Acquisition of advertising displays(7)
3,153 9,285 64,223
Assets sold or written-off (35,777) (44,442) (39,149)
Foreign exchange (2,307) 572 (1,599)
Balance at the end of the year $ 4,170,086 $ 3,883,556 $ 3,745,006
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 2,529,560 $ 2,440,956 $ 2,287,590
Depreciation 300,855 124,072 185,820
Assets sold or written-off (31,469) (35,791) (31,514)
Foreign exchange (1,264) 323 (940)
Balance at the end of the year $ 2,797,682 $ 2,529,560 $ 2,440,956
(4)Includes non-cash amounts of $377, $1,138 and $2,367 at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively
(5)Includes non-cash amounts of $211,246, $1,186 and $103,019 at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the revision in cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations
(6)Includes preliminary allocation of assets acquired during 2022
(7)Includes non-cash amounts of $72, $3,052 and $11,132 at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Lamar Advertising Company
None.
Lamar Media Corp.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
The Company’s and Lamar Media’s management, with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the Company and Lamar Media, have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s and Lamar Media’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the Company and Lamar Media concluded, as of December 31, 2024, that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective and designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the Company’s and Lamar Media’s reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the requisite time periods.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Lamar Advertising Company
The Company’s Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 46 of this combined Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Lamar Media Corp.
Lamar Media’s Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 84 of this combined Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s or Lamar Media’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of the Company’s and Lamar Media’s internal controls performed during the fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s or Lamar Media’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Lamar Advertising Company
None.
Lamar Media Corp.
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “code of ethics”) that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees. The code of ethics is filed as an exhibit that is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. In addition, if we make any substantive amendments to the code of ethics or grant any wavier, including any implicit wavier, from a provision of the code to any of our executive officers or directors, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver in a report on Form 8-K.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(A) 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements are listed under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The financial statement schedules are included under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
3. EXHIBITS
The exhibits filed as part of this report are listed on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page hereto, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
(B) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page hereto.