EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 925528
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 925528_10-K_2021_0001104659-21-035666.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
General
Hudson Technologies, Inc. (“Hudson”, the “Company”), incorporated under the laws of New York on January 11, 1991, is a refrigerant services company providing innovative solutions to recurring problems within the refrigeration industry. Hudson has proven, reliable programs that meet customer refrigerant needs by providing environmentally sustainable solutions from initial sale of refrigerant gas through recovery, reclamation and reuse, peak operating performance of equipment through energy efficiency and emergency air conditioning and refrigeration system repair, to final refrigerant disposal and carbon credit trading.
The Company’s operations consist of one reportable segment. The Company's products and services are primarily used in commercial air conditioning, industrial processing and refrigeration systems, and include refrigerant and industrial gas sales, refrigerant management services consisting primarily of reclamation of refrigerants and RefrigerantSide® Services performed at a customer's site, consisting of system decontamination to remove moisture, oils and other contaminants. In addition, the Company’s SmartEnergy OPS® service is a web-based real time continuous monitoring service applicable to a facility’s refrigeration systems and other energy systems. The Company’s Chiller Chemistry® and Chill Smart® services are also predictive and diagnostic service offerings. As a component of the Company’s products and services, the Company also participates in the generation of carbon offset projects. The Company operates principally through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Technologies Company, and Aspen Refrigerants (“Aspen” or “ARI”), a division of Hudson Technologies Company. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company”, “Hudson”, “we", “us”, “our”, or similar pronouns refer to Hudson Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
The Company's executive offices are located at One Blue Hill Plaza, Pearl River, New York and its telephone number is (845) 735-6000. The Company maintains a website at www.hudsontech.com, the contents of which are not incorporated into this filing.
Industry Background
The Company participates in an industry that is highly regulated, and changes in the regulations affecting our business could affect our operating results. Currently the Company purchases virgin, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (“HCFC”) and hydrofluorocarbon (“HFC”) refrigerants and reclaimable, primarily HCFC, HFC and chlorofluorocarbon (“CFC”) refrigerants from suppliers and its customers. Effective January 1, 1996, the Clean Air Act, as amended (the “Act”) prohibited the production of virgin CFC refrigerants and limited the production of virgin HCFC refrigerants. Effective January 2004, the Act further limited the production of virgin HCFC refrigerants and federal regulations were enacted which established production and consumption allowances for HCFC refrigerants and which imposed limitations on the importation of certain virgin HCFC refrigerants. Under the Act, production of certain virgin HCFC refrigerants was phased out on December 31, 2019 and production of all virgin HCFC refrigerants is scheduled to be phased out by 2030.
The Act, and the federal regulations enacted under authority of the Act, have mandated and/or promoted responsible use practices in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry, which are intended to minimize the release of refrigerants into the atmosphere and encourage the recovery and re-use of refrigerants. The Act prohibits the venting of CFC, HFC and HCFC refrigerants, and prohibits and/or phases down the production of CFC and HCFC refrigerants.
The Act also mandates the recovery of CFC and HCFC refrigerants and also promotes and encourages re-use and reclamation of CFC and HCFC refrigerants. Under the Act, owners, operators and companies servicing cooling equipment utilizing CFC and HCFC refrigerants are responsible for the integrity of the systems regardless of the refrigerant being used. In November 2016, the EPA issued a final rule extending these requirements to HFCs and to certain other refrigerants that are approved by the EPA as alternatives for CFC and HCFC refrigerants (the “608 Rule”).
HFC refrigerants are used as substitutes for CFC and HCFC refrigerants in certain applications. As a result of the increasing restrictions and limitations on the production and use of CFC and HCFC refrigerants, various sectors of the air conditioning and refrigeration industry have been replacing or modifying equipment that utilize CFC and HCFC refrigerants and have been transitioning to equipment that utilize HFC refrigerants and hydrofluoro-olefins (“HFO”). HFC refrigerants are not ozone depleting chemicals and are not currently regulated under the Act. However, certain HFC refrigerants are highly weighted greenhouse gases that are believed to contribute to global warming and climate change and, as a result, are now subject to various state regulations relating to the sale, use and emissions of HFC refrigerants. The Company expects that HFC refrigerants eventually will be replaced by HFOs or other types of products with lower global warming potentials.
In October 2016, more than 200 countries, including the United States, agreed to amend the Montreal Protocol to phase down production of HFCs by 85% by 2047. The amendment establishes timetables for all developed and developing countries to freeze and then reduce production and use of HFCs, with the first reductions by developed countries in 2019. The amendment became effective January 1, 2019 as more than twenty countries have ratified the amendment.
In December 2020, legislation was enacted in the United States that will require the phasedown of virgin production of HFCs, which will also increase opportunities for reclamation of HFCs.
Products and Services
Sustainability
The Company provides a complete offering of refrigerant management services, which primarily include reclamation of refrigerants, laboratory testing through the Company’s laboratory, which has been certified by the Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (“AHRI”), and banking (storage) services tailored to individual customer requirements. The Company also separates “crossed” (i.e. commingled) refrigerants and provides re-usable cylinder refurbishment and hydrostatic testing services.
From its inception, the Company has sold refrigerants, and has provided refrigerant reclamation and refrigerant management services that are designed to recover and reuse refrigerants, thereby protecting the environment from release of refrigerants to the atmosphere and the corresponding ozone depletion and global warming impact. The reclamation process allows the refrigerant to be re-used thereby eliminating the need to destroy or manufacture additional refrigerant and eliminating the corresponding impact to the environment associated with the destruction and manufacturing. The Company believes it is the largest refrigerant reclaimer in the United States. In addition, the Company is pursuing potential opportunities for the creation and monetization of verified emission reductions.
The Company has also created alternative solutions to reactive and preventative maintenance procedures that are performed on commercial and industrial refrigeration systems. These services, known as RefrigerantSide® Services, complement the Company’s refrigerant sales and refrigerant reclamation and management services. The Company has also developed SmartEnergy OPS® that identifies inefficiencies in the operation of air conditioning and refrigeration systems and assists companies to improve the energy efficiency of their systems and save operating costs and improve system reliability.
Refrigerant and Industrial Gas Sales
The Company sells reclaimed and virgin (new) refrigerants to a variety of customers in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry. The Company continues to sell reclaimed CFC based refrigerants, which are no longer manufactured. Virgin refrigerants are purchased by the Company from several suppliers and resold by the Company. Additionally, the Company regularly purchases used or contaminated refrigerants, from many different sources, which refrigerants are then reclaimed using the Company's high speed proprietary reclamation equipment, its proprietary Zugibeast® system, and then are resold by the Company.
The Company also sells industrial gases to a variety of industry customers, predominantly to users in or involved with the US Military. In July 2016, the Company was awarded, as prime contractor, a five-year fixed price contract, including a five-year renewal option, awarded to it by the United States Defense Logistics Agency (“DLA”) for the management and supply of refrigerants, compressed gases, cylinders and related items to US Military commands and installations, Federal civilian agencies and foreign militaries. Primary users include the US Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps and Coast Guard.
Carbon Offset Projects
CFC refrigerants are ozone depleting substances and are also highly weighted greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate change. The destruction of CFC refrigerants may be eligible for verified emission reductions that can be converted and monetized into carbon offset credits, which then can be traded in the emerging carbon offset markets. The Company is pursuing opportunities to acquire CFC refrigerants and is developing relationships within the emerging environmental markets in order to develop opportunities for the creation and monetization of verified emission reductions from the destruction of CFC refrigerants.
In October 2015, the American Carbon Registry (“ACR”) established a methodology to provide, among other things, a quantification framework for the creation of carbon offset credits for the use of certified reclaimed HFC refrigerants. The Company is pursuing opportunities to acquire HFC refrigerants and is developing relationships within the emerging environmental markets in order to develop opportunities for the creation and monetization of verified emission reductions from the reclamation of HFC refrigerants.
RefrigerantSide® Services
The Company provides decontamination and recovery services that are performed at a customer's site through the use of portable, high volume, high-speed proprietary equipment, including the patented Zugibeast® system. Certain of these RefrigerantSide® Services, which encompass system decontamination, and refrigerant recovery and reclamation, are also proprietary and are covered by process patents.
In addition to the decontamination and recovery services previously described, the Company also provides predictive and diagnostic services for its customers. The Company offers diagnostic services that are intended to predict potential problems in air conditioning and refrigeration systems before they occur. The Company’s Chiller Chemistry® offering integrates several fluid tests of an operating system and the corresponding laboratory results into an engineering report providing its customers with an understanding of the current condition of the fluids, the cause for any abnormal findings and the potential consequences if the abnormal findings are not remediated. Fluid Chemistry®, an abbreviated version of the Company’s Chiller Chemistry® offering, is designed to quickly identify systems that require further examination.
The Company has also been awarded several US patents for its SmartEnergy OPS®, which is a system for measuring, modifying and improving the efficiency of energy systems, including air conditioning and refrigeration systems, in industrial and commercial applications. This service is a web-based real time continuous monitoring service applicable to a facility’s chiller plant systems. The SmartEnergy OPS® offering enables customers to monitor and improve their chiller plant performance and proactively identify and correct system inefficiencies. SmartEnergy OPS® is able to identify specific inefficiencies in the operation of chiller plant systems and, when used with Hudson’s RefrigerantSide ® Services, can increase the efficiency of the operating systems thereby reducing energy usage and costs. Improving the system efficiency reduces power consumption thereby directly reducing CO 2 emissions at the power plants or onsite. Lastly, the Company’s ChillSmart® offering, which combines the system optimization with the Company’s Chiller Chemistry ® offering, provides a snapshot of a packaged chiller’s operating efficiency and health. ChillSmart® provides a very effective predictive maintenance tool and helps our customers to identify the operating chillers that cause higher operating costs.
The Company’s engineers who developed and support SmartEnergy OPS® are recognized as Energy Experts and Qualified Best Practices Specialists by the United States Department of Energy (“DOE”) in the areas of Steam and Process Heating under the DOE “Best Practices” program, and are the Lead International Energy Experts for steam, chillers and refrigeration systems for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (“UNIDO”). The Company’s staff have trained more than 4,000 industrial plant personnel in the US and internationally and have developed, and are currently delivering, training curriculums in 12 different countries. The Company’s staff have completed more than 200 industrial ESAs in the US and internationally.
Strategic Alliances
The Company purchases refrigerants from a variety of manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, bulk gas brokers and from other sources within the air conditioning, refrigeration and automotive aftermarket industries, and on corresponding demand for refrigerants.
Suppliers
The Company purchases refrigerants from a variety of manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, bulk gas brokers and from other sources within the air conditioning, refrigeration and automotive aftermarket industries, and on corresponding demand for refrigerants.
Customers
The Company provides its products and services to commercial, industrial and governmental customers, as well as to refrigerant wholesalers, distributors, contractors and to refrigeration equipment manufacturers. Agreements with larger customers generally provide for standardized pricing for specified services. The Company generates sales by customer purchase order on a real-time basis and therefore does not carry a backlog of sales.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for 14% of the Company’s revenues and at December 31, 2020, there were $2.9 million of outstanding receivables from this customer. For the year ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 14% of the Company’s revenues and at December 31, 2019, there were $1.8 million of outstanding receivables from this customer.
Marketing
Marketing programs are conducted through the efforts of the Company's executive officers, Company sales personnel, and third parties. Hudson employs various marketing methods, including direct mailings, telemarketing, technical bulletins, in-person solicitation, print advertising, response to quotation requests and the internet through the Company’s websites (www.hudsontech.com and www.ASPENRefrigerants.com). Information on the Company's websites are not part of this report.
The Company's sales personnel are compensated on a combination of a base salary and commission. The Company's executive officers devote significant time and effort to customer relationships.
Competition
The Company competes primarily on the basis of the performance of its proprietary high volume, high-speed equipment used in its operations, the breadth of services offered by the Company, including proprietary RefrigerantSide® Services and other on-site services, and price, particularly with respect to refrigerant sales.
The Company competes with numerous regional and national companies that market reclaimed and virgin refrigerants and provide refrigerant reclamation services. Certain of these competitors may possess greater financial, marketing, distribution and other resources for the sale and distribution of refrigerants than the Company.
Hudson's RefrigerantSide® Services provide solutions to certain problems within the refrigeration industry and, as such, the demand and market acceptance for these services are subject to uncertainty. Competition for these services primarily consists of traditional methods of solving the industry's problems. The Company’s marketing strategy is to educate the marketplace that its alternative solutions are available and that RefrigerantSide® Services are superior to traditional methods.
Risk Management
The Company carries insurance coverage that it considers sufficient to protect the Company's assets and operations. The Company attempts to operate in a professional and prudent manner and to reduce potential liability risks through specific risk management efforts, including ongoing employee training.
The refrigerant industry involves potentially significant risks of statutory and common law liability for environmental damage and personal injury. The Company, and in certain instances, its officers, directors and employees, may be subject to claims arising from the Company's on-site or off-site services, including the improper release, spillage, misuse or mishandling of refrigerants classified as hazardous or non-hazardous substances or materials. The Company may be held strictly liable for damages, which could be substantial, regardless of whether it exercised due care and complied with all relevant laws and regulations.
Hudson maintains environmental impairment insurance of $10,000,000 per occurrence, and $10,000,000 annual aggregate, for events occurring subsequent to November 1996.
Government Regulation
The business of refrigerant and industrial gas sales, reclamation and management is subject to extensive, stringent and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and substantial regulation under these laws by governmental agencies, including the EPA, the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) and the United States Department of Transportation (“DOT”).
Among other things, these regulatory authorities impose requirements which regulate the handling, packaging, labeling, transportation and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous materials and the health and safety of workers, and require the Company and, in certain instances, its employees, to obtain and maintain licenses in connection with its operations. This extensive regulatory framework imposes significant compliance burdens and risks on the Company.
Hudson and its customers are subject to the requirements of the Act, and the regulations promulgated thereunder by the EPA, which make it unlawful for any person in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, and disposing of air conditioning or refrigeration equipment, to knowingly vent or otherwise release or dispose of ozone depleting substances, and non-ozone depleting substitutes, used as refrigerants.
Pursuant to the Act, reclaimed refrigerant must satisfy the same purity standards as newly manufactured, virgin refrigerants in accordance with standards established by AHRI prior to resale to a person other than the owner of the equipment from which it was recovered. The EPA administers a certification program pursuant to which applicants certify to reclaim refrigerants in compliance with AHRI standards. The Company is one of only four certified refrigerant testing laboratories in the United States under AHRI’s laboratory certification program, which is a voluntary program that certifies the ability of a laboratory to test refrigerant in accordance with the AHRI 700 standard. In addition, the EPA has established a mandatory certification program for air conditioning and refrigeration technicians. Hudson's technicians have applied for or obtained such certification.
The Company may also be subject to regulations adopted by the EPA which impose reporting requirements arising out of the importation of certain HCFCs, and arising out of the importation, purchase, production, use and/or emissions of certain greenhouse gases, including HFCs.
The Company is also subject to regulations adopted by the DOT which classify most refrigerants and industrial gases handled by the Company as hazardous materials or substances and imposes requirements for handling, packaging, labeling and transporting refrigerants and which regulate the use and operation of the Company’s commercial motor vehicles used in the Company’s business.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended ("RCRA"), requires facilities that treat, store or dispose of hazardous wastes to comply with certain operating standards. Before transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes off-site, generators of such waste must package and label their shipments consistent with detailed regulations and prepare a manifest identifying the material and stating its destination. The transporter must deliver the hazardous waste in accordance with the manifest to a facility with an appropriate RCRA permit. Under RCRA, impurities removed from refrigerants consisting of oils mixed with water and other contaminants are not presumed to be hazardous waste.
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, as amended, requires the annual reporting by the Company of Emergency and Hazardous Chemical Inventories (Tier II reports) to the various states in which the Company operates and requires the Company to file annual Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Forms with the EPA.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”), establishes liability for clean-up costs and environmental damages to current and former facility owners and operators, as well as persons who transport or arrange for transportation of hazardous substances. Almost all states have similar statutes regulating the handling and storage of hazardous substances, hazardous wastes and non-hazardous wastes. Many such statutes impose requirements that are more stringent than their federal counterparts. The Company could be subject to substantial liability under these statutes to private parties and government entities, in some instances without any fault, for fines, remediation costs and environmental damage, as a result of the mishandling, release, or existence of any hazardous substances at any of its facilities.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as amended mandates requirements for a safe work place for employees and special procedures and measures for the handling of certain hazardous and toxic substances. State laws, in certain circumstances, mandate additional measures for facilities handling specified materials. The Company is also subject to regulations adopted by the California Air Resources Board which impose certain reporting requirements arising out of the reclamation and sale of refrigerants that takes place within the State of California.
The Company believes that it is in material compliance with all applicable regulations material to its business operations.
Quality Assurance & Environmental Compliance
The Company utilizes in-house quality and regulatory compliance control procedures. Hudson maintains its own analytical testing laboratories, which are AHRI certified, to assure that reclaimed refrigerants comply with AHRI purity standards and employs portable testing equipment when performing on-site services to verify certain quality specifications. The Company employs twelve persons engaged full-time in quality control and to monitor the Company's operations for regulatory compliance.
Human Capital Resources
On March 8, 2021, the Company had 221 full time employees including air conditioning and refrigeration technicians, chemists, engineers, sales and administrative personnel. None of the Company's employees are represented by a union. The Company believes it has good relations with its employees.
Patents and Proprietary Information
The Company holds several U.S. and foreign patents, as well as pending patent applications, related to certain RefrigerantSide® Services and supporting systems developed by the Company for systems and processes for measuring and improving the efficiency of refrigeration systems, and for certain refrigerant recycling and reclamation technologies. These patents will expire between January 2023 and July 2035.
There can be no assurance as to the breadth or degree of protection that patents may afford the Company, that any patent applications will result in issued patents or that patents will not be circumvented or invalidated. Technological development in the refrigerant industry may result in extensive patent filings and a rapid rate of issuance of new patents. Although the Company believes that its existing patents and the Company's equipment do not and will not infringe upon existing patents or violate proprietary rights of others, it is possible that the Company's existing patent rights may not be valid or that infringement of existing or future patents or violations of proprietary rights of others may occur. In the event the Company's equipment or processes infringe, or are alleged to infringe, patents or other proprietary rights of others, the Company may be required to modify the design of its equipment or processes, obtain a license or defend a possible patent infringement action. There can be no assurance that the Company will have the financial or other resources necessary to enforce or defend a patent infringement or proprietary rights violation action or that the Company will not become liable for damages.
The Company also relies on trade secrets and proprietary know-how, and employs various methods to protect its technology. However, such methods may not afford complete protection and there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop such know-how or obtain access to the Company's know-how, concepts, ideas and documentation. Failure to protect its trade secrets could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
SEC Filings
The Company makes available on its internet website copies of its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments thereto, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There are many important factors, including those discussed below (and above as described under “Patents and Proprietary Information”), that have affected, and in the future could affect Hudson’s business including, but not limited to, the factors discussed below, which should be reviewed carefully together with the other information contained in this report. Some of the factors are beyond Hudson’s control and future trends are difficult to predict.
Risks Related to Business Strategy and Operations
Our existing and future debt obligations could impair our liquidity and financial condition.
Our existing credit facilities, consisting of an asset-based lending facility of up to $60 million from Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo Bank”) and a term loan of $85 million from funds advised by FS Investments, are secured by substantially all of our assets and the Wells Fargo Bank facility contains formulas that limit the amount of our future borrowings under that facility. Moreover, the terms of our credit facilities also include financial and negative covenants that, among other things, may limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness. If we violate any loan covenants and do not obtain a waiver from our lenders, our indebtedness under the credit facilities would become immediately due and payable, and the lenders could foreclose on their security, which could materially adversely affect our business and future financial condition and could require us to curtail or otherwise cease our existing operations.
Our revenues, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by changes in commodity prices.
Our revenues, results of operations and cash flows are affected by market prices for refrigerant gases. Commodity prices generally are affected by a wide range of factors beyond our control, including weather, seasonality, the availability and adequacy of supply, government regulation and policies and general political and economic conditions. We are exposed to fluctuating commodity prices as the result of our inventory of various refrigerant gases. At any time, our inventory levels may be substantial. During 2019, there were $9.2 million of non-cash charges for inventory adjustments of our refrigerant gases due to a decline in refrigerant gas prices. Further declines in refrigerant gas prices could result in additional inventory adjustments and impairment charges. We have processes in place to monitor exposures to these risks and engage in strategies to manage these risks. If these controls and strategies are not successful in mitigating our exposure to these fluctuations, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Our business has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The public health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures being taken by governments, businesses, including us, and the public at large to limit COVID-19's spread may have certain negative impacts on our business including, without limitation, the following:
• We may experience a further decrease in sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, sales of our products to customers, such as schools, offices and government facilities, which have shut down, have been negatively impacted. If the COVID-19 pandemic intensifies and expands geographically, its negative impacts on our sales and collectability of receivables could be more prolonged and may become more severe.
• Although we have not experienced this during 2020, future potential disruptions in supply chains may place constraints on our ability to source refrigerants, which may increase our processing costs.
• Governmental authorities in the United States and throughout the world may continue to increase or impose new income taxes or indirect taxes, or revise interpretations of existing tax rules and regulations, as a means of financing the costs of stimulus and other measures enacted or taken, or that may be enacted or taken in the future, to protect populations and economies from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such actions could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.
• As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including related governmental guidance or directives, we have required most office-based employees to work remotely. We may experience reductions in productivity and disruptions to our business routines while our remote work policy remains in place.
• Actions we have taken or may take, or decisions we have made or may make, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic may result in legal claims or litigation against us.
Any of the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including those described above, alone or in combination with others, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic.
We may need additional financing to satisfy our future capital requirements, which may not be readily available to us.
Our capital requirements may be significant in the future. We may incur additional expenses in the development and implementation of our operations. Due to fluctuations in the price, demand and availability of new refrigerants, our existing credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank that expires in December 2022 may not in the future be sufficient to provide all of the capital that we need to acquire and manage our inventories of new refrigerant. As a result, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing in order to develop our RefrigerantSide® Services business, our refrigerant sales business and our other businesses. We have no current arrangements with respect to, or sources of, additional financing other than our existing credit facility and term loan. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. Our inability to obtain financing, if and when needed, could materially adversely affect our business and future financial condition and could require us to curtail or otherwise cease our existing operations.
Adverse weather or economic downturn could adversely impact our financial results.
Our business could be negatively impacted by adverse weather or economic downturns. Weather is a significant factor in determining market demand for the refrigerants sold by us, and to a lesser extent, our RefrigerantSide® Services. Unusually cool temperatures in the spring and summer tend to depress demand for, and price of, refrigerants we sell. Protracted periods of cooler than normal spring and summer weather could result in a substantial reduction in our sales which could adversely affect our financial position as well as our results of operations. An economic downturn could cause customers to postpone or cancel purchases of the Company’s products or services. Either or both of these conditions could have severe negative implications to our business that may exacerbate many of the risk factors we identified in this report but not limited, to the following:
Liquidity
These conditions could reduce our liquidity, which could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Demand
These conditions could lower the demand and/or price for our product and services, which would have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Financial Covenants
These conditions could impact our ability to meet our loan covenants which, if we are unable to obtain a waiver from our lenders, could materially adversely affect our business and future financial condition and could require us to curtail or otherwise cease our existing operations.
Our business is impacted by customer concentration.
In July 2016, we were awarded, as prime contractor, a five-year fixed price contract, including a five-year renewal option, by the United States Defense Logistics Agency (“DLA”) for the management and supply of refrigerants, compressed gases, cylinders and related items to US Military commands and installations, Federal civilian agencies and foreign militaries. Our contract with DLA expires in July 2021 unless the five-year renewal option is exercised by DLA. Although we expect that DLA will renew the agreement, there can be no assurance that the agreement will be renewed. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the DLA accounted for 14% of our revenues. The loss of DLA as a customer could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Risks Related to Regulatory and Environmental Matters
The nature of our business exposes us to potential liability.
The refrigerant recovery and reclamation industry involves potentially significant risks of statutory and common law liability for environmental damage and personal injury. We, and in certain instances, our officers, directors and employees, may be subject to claims arising from our on-site or off-site services, including the improper release, spillage, misuse or mishandling of refrigerants classified as hazardous or non-hazardous substances or materials. We may be strictly liable for damages, which could be substantial, regardless of whether we exercised due care and complied with all relevant laws and regulations. Our current insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover potential claims, and adequate levels of insurance coverage may not be available in the future at a reasonable cost. A partially or completely uninsured claim against us, if successful and of sufficient magnitude would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Our business and financial condition is substantially dependent on the sale and continued environmental regulation of refrigerants.
Our business and prospects are largely dependent upon continued regulation of the use and disposition of refrigerants. Changes in government regulations relating to the emission of refrigerants into the atmosphere could have a material adverse effect on us. Failure by government authorities to otherwise continue to enforce existing regulations or significant relaxation of regulatory requirements could also adversely affect demand for our services and products.
Our business is subject to significant regulatory compliance burdens.
The refrigerant reclamation and management business is subject to extensive, stringent and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and substantial regulation under these laws by governmental agencies, including the EPA, the OSHA and DOT. Although we believe that we are in material compliance with all applicable regulations material to our business operations, amendments to existing statutes and regulations or adoption of new statutes and regulations that affect the marketing and sale of refrigerant could require us to continually alter our methods of operation and/or discontinue the sale of certain of our products resulting in costs to us that could be substantial. We may not be able, for financial or other reasons, to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permit requirements, particularly as we seek to enter into new geographic markets. Our failure to comply with applicable laws, rules or regulations or permit requirements could subject us to civil remedies, including substantial fines, penalties and injunctions, as well as possible criminal sanctions, which would, if of significant magnitude, materially adversely impact our operations and future financial condition.
A number of factors could negatively impact the price and/or availability of refrigerants, which would, in turn, adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Refrigerant sales continue to represent a significant majority of our revenues. Therefore, our business is substantially dependent on the availability of both new and used refrigerants in large quantities, which may be affected by several factors including, without limitation: (i) commercial production and consumption limitations imposed by the Act and legislative limitations and ban on HCFC refrigerants; (ii) the amendment to the Montreal Protocol, if ratified, and any legislation and regulation enacted to implement the amendment, could impose limitations on production and consumption of HFC refrigerants; (iii) introduction of new refrigerants and air conditioning and refrigeration equipment; (iv) price competition resulting from additional market entrants; (v) changes in government regulation on the use and production of refrigerants; and (vi) reduction in price and/or demand for refrigerants. We do not maintain firm agreements with any of our suppliers of refrigerants and we do not hold allowances permitting us to purchase and import HCFC refrigerants from abroad. Sufficient amounts of new and/or used refrigerants may not be available to us in the future, particularly as a result of the further phase down of HCFC production, or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Additionally, we may be subject to price fluctuations, periodic delays or shortages of new and/or used refrigerants. Our failure to obtain and resell sufficient quantities of virgin refrigerants on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or to obtain, reclaim and resell sufficient quantities of used refrigerants would have a material adverse effect on our operating margins and results of operations.
Issues relating to potential global warming and climate change could have an impact on our business.
Refrigerants are considered to be strong greenhouse gases that are believed to contribute to global warming and climate change and are now subject to various state and federal regulations relating to the sale, use and emissions of refrigerants. Current and future global warming and climate change or related legislation and/or regulations may impose additional compliance burdens on us and on our customers and suppliers which could potentially result in increased administrative costs, decreased demand in the marketplace for our products, and/or increased costs for our supplies and products. In addition, an amendment to the Montreal Protocol has established timetables for all developed and developing countries to freeze and then reduce production and use of HFCs by 85% by 2047, with the first reductions by developed countries in 2019. The amendment became effective January 1, 2019. In December 2020, legislation was enacted in the United States that will require the phasedown of virgin production of HFCs.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock and Other General Risks
As a result of competition, and the strength of some of our competitors in the market, we may not be able to compete effectively.
The markets for our services and products are highly competitive. We compete with numerous regional and national companies which provide refrigerant recovery and reclamation services, as well as companies which market and deal in new and reclaimed alternative refrigerants, including certain of our suppliers, some of which possess greater financial, marketing, distribution and other resources than us. We also compete with numerous manufacturers of refrigerant recovery and reclamation equipment. Certain of these competitors have established reputations for success in the service of air conditioning and refrigeration systems. We may not be able to compete successfully, particularly as we seek to enter into new markets.
We have the ability to designate and issue preferred stock, which may have rights, preferences and privileges greater than Hudson’s common stock and which could impede a subsequent change in control of us.
Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of these shares, without further shareholder approval. The rights of the holders of our common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any additional preferred stock that may be issued by us in the future. Our ability to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our voting stock, thereby delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us.
If our common stock were delisted from NASDAQ it could be subject to “penny stock” rules which would negatively impact its liquidity and our shareholders’ ability to sell their shares.
Our common stock is currently listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. We must comply with numerous NASDAQ Marketplace rules in order to continue the listing of our common stock on NASDAQ. There can be no assurance that we can continue to meet the rules required to maintain the NASDAQ listing of our common stock. If we are unable to maintain our listing on NASDAQ, the market liquidity of our common stock may be severely limited.
Our management has significant control over our affairs.
Currently, our officers and directors collectively beneficially own approximately 14% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, our officers and directors are in a position to significantly affect major corporate transactions and the election of our directors. There is no provision for cumulative voting for our directors.
We may fail to successfully integrate any additional acquisitions made by us into our operations.
As part of our business strategy, we may look for opportunities to grow by acquiring other product lines, technologies or facilities that complement or expand our existing business. We may be unable to identify additional suitable acquisition candidates or negotiate acceptable terms. In addition, we may not be able to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems or management personnel we may acquire into our operations and we may not be able to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully integrate any prior or future acquisition.
Our information technology systems, processes, and sites may suffer interruptions, failures, or attacks which could affect our ability to conduct business.
Our information technology systems provide critical data connectivity, information and services for internal and external users. These include, among other things, processing transactions, summarizing and reporting results of operations, complying with regulatory, legal or tax requirements, storing project information and other processes necessary to manage the business. Our systems and technologies, or those of third parties on which we rely, could fail or become unreliable due to equipment failures, software viruses, cyber threats, terrorist acts, natural disasters, power failures or other causes. Cybersecurity threats are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, cyber espionage, attempts to gain unauthorized access to our sensitive information, including that of our customers, suppliers, and subcontractors, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in mission critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, and corruption of data. Although we utilize various procedures and controls to monitor and mitigate these threats, there can be no assurance that these procedures and controls will be sufficient to prevent security threats from materializing. If any of these events were to materialize, the costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, operating results, and financial condition.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
The Company’s headquarters are located in a multi-tenant building in Pearl River, New York, which houses the Company’ executive officers, its accounting and administrative staff, and its information technology staff and equipment, and the Company also maintains administrative and sales offices in Long Island City, New York. The Company’s key reclamation, processing and cylinder refurbishment facilities are located in Champaign, Illinois and Smyrna, Georgia. The Company also sells industrial gases out of facilities located in Escondido, California and in Champaign, Illinois. The Company maintains smaller reclamation and cylinder refurbishing facilities in Ontario, California. The Company also maintains four smaller service depots for the performance of its RefrigerantSide® Services and maintains three sales and telemarketing offices.
Hudson’s key operational facilities are as follows:
Location
Owned or Leased
Description
Pearl River, New York
Leased
Company headquarters and administrative offices
Champaign, Illinois
Owned
Reclamation and separation of refrigerants and cylinder refurbishment
Champaign, Illinois
Leased
Refrigerant packaging, cylinder refurbishment, RefrigerantSide® Service depot, refrigerant and industrial gases storage
Smyrna, Georgia
Leased
Reclamation and separation of refrigerants and cylinder refurbishment center
Smyrna, Georgia
Owned
Refrigerant storage
Long Island City, New York
Leased
Administrative, sales and marketing offices, refrigerant storage & shipping
Escondido, California
Ontario, California
Leased
Leased
Refrigerant and Industrial gas storage and cylinder refurbishment center
Refrigerant reclamation and cylinder refurbishment center
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Leased
Energy services

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
None.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Part II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company's common stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “HDSN”.
The number of record holders of the Company's common stock was approximately 110 as of March 12, 2021. The Company believes that there are approximately 4,000 beneficial owners of its common stock.
To date, the Company has not declared or paid any cash dividends on its common stock. The payment of dividends, if any, in the future is within the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon the Company's earnings, its capital requirements and financial condition, borrowing covenants, and other relevant factors. The Company presently intends to retain all earnings, if any, to finance the Company's operations and development of its business and does not expect to declare or pay any cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, the Company has a credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and a separate term loan that, among other things, restrict the Company's ability to declare or pay any cash dividends on its capital stock.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Not required.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Certain statements, contained in this section and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements involve a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, changes in the laws and regulations affecting the industry, changes in the demand and price for refrigerants (including unfavorable market conditions adversely affecting the demand for, and the price of refrigerants), the Company's ability to source refrigerants, regulatory and economic factors, seasonality, competition, litigation, the nature of supplier or customer arrangements that become available to the Company in the future, adverse weather conditions, possible technological obsolescence of existing products and services, possible reduction in the carrying value of long-lived assets, estimates of the useful life of its assets, potential environmental liability, customer concentration, the ability to obtain financing, the ability to meet financial covenants under our financing facilities, any delays or interruptions in bringing products and services to market, the timely availability of any requisite permits and authorizations from governmental entities and third parties as well as factors relating to doing business outside the United States, including changes in the laws, regulations, policies, and political, financial and economic conditions, including inflation, interest and currency exchange rates, of countries in which the Company may seek to conduct business, and integration of any other assets it acquires from third parties into its operations, and other risks detailed in this report and in the Company’s other subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “may”, “plan”, “should” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement was made.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the effects of a novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic and the related actions by governments around the world to attempt to contain the spread of the virus have materially impacted the global economy.
In response to the COVID-19 outbreak and business disruption, we have four primary priorities:
• To ensure the health and safety of Hudson employees
• To keep our products in supply and to maintain the quality and safety of our products
• To best serve our customers across all channels as they adapt to the shifting demands of consumers during the crisis
• To best position ourselves to emerge strong when this crisis ends
We operate in a “critical infrastructure industry” and are an essential business as defined by the United States government as we procure, process, service and deliver refrigerants to the government and wholesale and retail organizations, which also service both residential homes and commercial institutions throughout the United States. While the conditions in the United States and the economy have worsened, we have been effectively running our operations, including the following:
- Keeping all plants open, while maintaining proper safety standards
- Directing all office personnel to work remotely, efficiently and safely
- Maintaining ongoing relationships and business with existing customers and vendors in the supply chain
As of the date of this filing, we have activated our contingency plans. We have deployed national and regional teams to monitor the rapidly evolving situation and recommend risk mitigation actions; we have implemented travel restrictions; and we are following social distancing practices. We are endeavoring to follow guidance from authorities and health officials including, but not limited to, requiring associates to wear masks and other protective clothing as appropriate, and implementing additional cleaning and sanitization routines at system facilities.
During times of crisis, business continuity and adapting to the needs of our customers is critical. We have developed systemwide knowledge-sharing routines and processes which include the management of any supply chain challenges. As of the date of this filing, there has been no material impact on our ability to procure or distribute our products and services. We are moving with speed to best serve our customers impacted by COVID-19 and to ensure adequate inventory levels in key channels. We have shifted to more remote and paperless options for customer payments and receipts, including ACH payments.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Company's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Several of the Company's accounting policies involve significant judgments, uncertainties and estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. To the extent that actual results differ from management's judgments and estimates, there could be a material adverse effect on the Company. On a continuous basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those estimates related to its inventory reserves, valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets relating to its net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) and goodwill and intangible assets.
Inventory
For inventory, the Company evaluates both current and anticipated sales prices of its products to determine if a write down of inventory to net realizable value is necessary. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal. The determination if a write-down to net realizable value is necessary is primarily affected by the market prices for the refrigerant gases we sell. Commodity prices generally are affected by a wide range of factors beyond our control, including weather, seasonality, the availability and adequacy of supply, government regulation and policies and general political and economic conditions. At any time, our inventory levels may be substantial.
During 2019, the Company recorded a lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment of $9.2 million to its inventory resulting from a challenging pricing environment affecting the refrigerant gas industry. Further declines in refrigerant gas prices could result in additional inventory net realizable value adjustments. Pricing has stabilized and increased in 2020 so no such adjustment was required in 2020.
Goodwill
The Company has made acquisitions that included a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets. The Company applies the purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, which among other things, requires the recognition of goodwill (which represents the excess of the purchase price of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired and identified intangible assets). We test our goodwill for impairment on an annual basis (the first day of the fourth quarter) and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of an asset below its carrying value. Other intangible assets that meet certain criteria are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
Beginning in 2017, the Company adopted, on a prospective basis, ASU No. 2017-04, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 of the prior goodwill impairment test that required a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Under the new standard, a company records an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. An impairment charge would be recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of a reporting unit. These impairment evaluations use many assumptions and estimates in determining an impairment loss, including certain assumptions and estimates related to future earnings. If the Company does not achieve its earnings objectives, the assumptions and estimates underlying these impairment evaluations could be adversely affected, which could result in an asset impairment charge that would negatively impact operating results.
In 2019, due to a significant selling price correction leading to unfavorable market conditions, the Company performed a quantitative test by weighing the results of an income-based valuation technique (the discounted cash flows method) and a market-based valuation technique to determine the fair value of its reporting unit. The Company also performed a similar quantitative test for its annual impairment testing date in 2020.
The discounted cash flow methodology included: (i) management's estimates, such as discount rates, terminal growth rates, and projections of revenue, operating margin and cash flows and (ii) assumptions related to general economic and market conditions, including inherent uncertainties regarding the projected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company initially established a forecast of the estimated future net cash flows, which were then discounted to their present value. The market-based valuation technique utilizes market multiple assumptions for comparable companies to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit.
There were no goodwill impairment losses recognized in any of the two years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Other Intangibles
Intangibles with determinable lives are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets currently ranging from 3 to 13 years. The Company reviews these useful lives annually to determine that they reflect future realizable value.
Income Taxes
The Company is taxed at statutory corporate income tax rates after adjusting income reported for financial statement purposes for certain items. Current income tax expense (benefit) reflects the tax results of revenues and expenses currently taxable or deductible. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes, which provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities, based on enacted tax rates and laws, for the differences between the financial and income tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities.
The tax benefit associated with the Company’s net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) is recognized to the extent that the Company expects to realize future taxable income. As a result of a prior “change in control”, as defined by the Internal Revenue Service, the Company’s ability to utilize its existing NOLs is subject to certain annual limitations. To the extent that the Company utilizes its NOLs, it will not pay tax on such income. However, to the extent that the Company’s net income, if any, exceeds the annual NOL limitation, it will pay income taxes based on the then existing statutory rates. In addition, certain states either do not allow or limit NOLs and as such the Company will be liable for certain state income taxes.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, permits NOL carryovers and carrybacks to offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021. In addition, the CARES Act allows NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. The Company has evaluated its options under the carryback provision and filed a claim for refund, resulting in a cash benefit. Further, the CARES Act accelerates the refund of the alternative minimum tax credits to allow a full refund of any remaining credit amount in taxable years beginning in 2019. The credits were originally fully refundable in taxable years beginning in 2021. As a result, the Company has recorded a preliminary $47,000 tax benefit related to the alternative minimum tax refund in the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and an additional $380,000 in the quarter ended June 30, 2020. Finally, the CARES Act contains modifications on the limitation of business interest for tax years beginning in 2019 and 2020. The modifications to Section 163(j) increase the allowable business interest deduction from 30% of adjusted taxable income to 50% of adjusted taxable income. This modification results in a $2,154,000 increase in allowable interest expense, which in turn results in an increase to our net operating losses of $2,154,000 in the year ended December 31, 2020. However, the impact of the additional interest expense did not impact our income tax provision since the increase in the deferred tax asset for net operating losses was offset by an increase to the valuation allowance.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had NOLs of approximately $46.1 million, of which $40.7 million have no expiration date and $5.4 million expire through 2023. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had state tax NOLs of approximately $31.2 million expiring in various years. We review the likelihood that we will realize the benefit of our deferred tax assets, and therefore the need for valuation allowances, on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of the year, and more frequently if events indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results are considered, along with all other available positive and negative evidence.
Concluding that a valuation allowance is not required is difficult when there is significant negative evidence that is objective and verifiable, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling twelve quarters of pre-tax income or loss adjusted for significant permanent book to tax differences, as well as non-recurring items, as a measure of our cumulative results in recent years. Based on our assessment as of December 31, 2018 and 2019, we concluded that due to the uncertainty that the deferred tax assets will not be fully realized in the future, we recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $11.3 million during 2018, and due to additional losses, increased the valuation allowance through 2019 and December 31, 2020, with an ending balance of $19.0 million as of December 31, 2020.
The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions, if any, by determining if it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company believes it had no uncertain tax positions.
Overview
Sales of refrigerants continue to represent a significant majority of the Company’s revenues.
In July 2016 the Company was awarded, as prime contractor, a five-year contract, including a five-year renewal option, by the United States Defense Logistics Agency (“DLA”) for the management, supply, and sale of refrigerants, compressed gases, cylinders and related terms.
Results of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $147.6 million, a reduction of $14.5 million or 9% from the $162.1 million reported during the comparable 2019 period. Most of the variance is due to a decline in volume. During the 2020 period, the COVID-19 virus pandemic and the associated effect on our economy, including the closures to public venues, such as office buildings, gyms, schools and universities across the U.S., negatively impacted our end markets and overall demand for refrigerants.
Cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $112.2 million or 76% of sales. Cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $144.9 million or 89% of sales. In 2020, the Company has reduced its inventory cost by selling off higher cost layers of inventory to achieve greater gross profit. During the three month period ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment to its inventory of $9.2 million, mainly due to declines in selling prices of certain refrigerants at that time.
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $26.6 million, a reduction of $3.4 million from the $30.0 million reported during the comparable 2019 period. The decrease in SG&A was due to reduced professional fees, stock compensation expense, sales commission and payroll expense.
Amortization expense was $2.9 million during both 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Other expense for 2020 was $11.3 million, compared to the $9.5 million of other expense reported during the comparable 2019 period. Interest expense was $6.6 million lower in 2020 when compared to 2019 primarily due to reduced debt resulting from the Company paying down $14 million of principal of its term loan debt in December 2019. On June 23, 2020, Kevin J. Zugibe, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, passed away unexpectedly; during the third quarter of 2020, the Company received $1 million of key man life insurance proceeds. In August 2019, the Company received $8.9 million of cash pursuant to the settlement of a working capital adjustment dispute arising from the acquisition of Aspen Refrigerants, Inc. in October 2017.
Income tax benefit for 2020 was $0.2 million compared to income tax expense of $0.7 million for 2019. For 2020 and 2019, income tax expense for federal and state income tax purposes was determined by applying statutory income tax rates to pre-tax income after adjusting for certain items. As discussed previously, we concluded that due to the uncertainty that the deferred tax assets will not be fully realized in the future, we have recorded a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2020.
The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $5.2 million, compared to $25.9 million of net loss reported during the comparable 2019 period. The reduction in net loss is primarily due to a lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment in 2019, improved gross margins, reduced SG&A and interest expense, partially offset by reduced revenue and other income, as described above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2020, the Company had working capital, which represents current assets less current liabilities, of $24.4 million, a decrease of $3.9 million from the working capital of $28.3 million at December 31, 2019. The decrease in working capital is primarily attributable to reduced inventory levels, as described above, offset by a $12 million paydown of revolving loans.
Inventory and trade receivables are principal components of current assets. At December 31, 2020, the Company had inventory of $44.5 million, a decrease of $14.7 million from $59.2 million at December 31, 2019. The decrease in the inventory balance is primarily due to the sale of refrigerants and the timing and availability of inventory purchases. The Company’s ability to sell and replace its inventory on a timely basis and the prices at which it can be sold are subject, among other things, to current market conditions and the nature of supplier or customer arrangements and the Company’s ability to source CFC based refrigerants (which are no longer being produced), HCFC refrigerants (which are currently being phased down leading to a full phase out of virgin production), or non-CFC based refrigerants. At December 31, 2020, the Company had trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, of $9.8 million, an increase of $1.7 million from $8.1 million at December 31, 2019. The Company’s trade receivables are concentrated with various wholesalers, brokers, contractors and end-users within the refrigeration industry that are primarily located in the continental United States. The Company has historically financed its working capital requirements through cash flows from operations, the issuance of debt and equity securities, and bank borrowings.
Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $11.7 million, a reduction of $22.1 million compared to the net cash provided by operating activities of $33.8 million for the comparable 2019 period. As mentioned previously, in August 2019, the Company received $8.9 million of cash pursuant to the settlement of a working capital adjustment dispute arising from the acquisition of Aspen Refrigerants, Inc. in October 2017.
Net cash used in investing activities for 2020 and 2019 was $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively. As described above, key man life insurance proceeds of $1.0 million were offset by capital expenditures incurred in the ordinary course of business, mainly in our plant facilities.
Net cash used in financing activities for 2020 and 2019 was $12.5 million and $32.5 million, respectively. The Company received a loan of approximately $2.5 million pursuant to the PPP during the second quarter of 2020. The Company expects that almost the entire balance will be forgiven, but the process is not expected to be finalized until the first half of 2021. As described above, the Company received an $8.9 million cash settlement of a working capital adjustment, which it utilized to pay down debt in 2019.
At December 31, 2020, cash and cash equivalents were $1.3 million, or approximately $1.3 million lower than the $2.6 million of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2019. The variance is mainly due to timing of payments, receipts and additional paydown of the revolver balance.
Revolving Credit Facility
On December 19, 2019, Hudson Technologies Company (“HTC”), Hudson Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) and Aspen Refrigerants, Inc. (“ARI”), as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”), and Hudson Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) as a guarantor, became obligated under a Credit Agreement (the “Wells Fargo Facility”) with Wells Fargo Bank, as administrative agent and lender (“Agent” or “Wells Fargo”) and such other lenders as may thereafter become a party to the Wells Fargo Facility.
Under the terms of the Wells Fargo Facility, the Borrowers may borrow, from time to time, up to $60 million at any time consisting of revolving loans in a maximum amount up to the lesser of $60 million and a borrowing base that is calculated based on the outstanding amount of the Borrowers’ eligible receivables and eligible inventory, as described in the Wells Fargo Facility. The Wells Fargo Facility also contains a sublimit of $5 million for swing line loans and $2 million for letters of credit.
Amounts borrowed under the Wells Fargo Facility were used by the Borrowers to repay existing revolving indebtedness under its prior revolving credit facility, repay certain principal amounts under the Term Loan Facility (as defined below), and may be used for working capital needs, certain permitted acquisitions, and to reimburse drawings under letters of credit.
Interest on loans under the Wells Fargo Facility is payable in arrears on the first day of each month. Interest charges with respect to loans are computed on the actual principal amount of loans outstanding during the month at a rate per annum equal to (A) with respect to Base Rate loans, the sum of (i) a rate per annum equal to the higher of (1) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (2) one month LIBOR plus 1.0%, and (3) the prime commercial lending rate of Wells Fargo, plus (ii) between 1.25% and 1.75% depending on average monthly undrawn availability and (B) with respect to LIBOR rate loans, the sum of the LIBOR rate plus between 2.25% and 2.75% depending on average monthly undrawn availability.
In connection with the closing of the Wells Fargo Facility, the Company also entered into a Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2019 (the “Revolver Guaranty and Security Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company and certain subsidiaries unconditionally guaranteed the payment and performance of all obligations owing by Borrowers to Wells Fargo, as Agent for the benefit of the revolving lenders. Pursuant to the Revolver Guaranty and Security Agreement, Borrowers, the Company and ten other subsidiaries granted to the Agent, for the benefit of the Wells Fargo Facility lenders, a security interest in substantially all of their respective assets, including receivables, equipment, general intangibles (including intellectual property), inventory, subsidiary stock, real property, and certain other assets. The Revolver Guaranty and Security Agreement also provides that the Agent shall receive the right to dominion over certain of the Borrowers’ bank accounts in the event of an Event of Default under the Wells Fargo Facility, or if undrawn availability under the Wells Fargo Facility falls below $9 million at any time.
The Wells Fargo Facility contains a financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain at all times minimum liquidity (defined as availability under the Wells Fargo Facility plus unrestricted cash) of at least $5 million, of which at least $3 million must be derived from availability. The Wells Fargo Facility also contains a springing covenant, which takes effect only upon a failure to maintain undrawn availability of at least $7.5 million, requiring the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (FCCR) of not less than 1.00 to 1.00, as of the end of each trailing period of twelve consecutive fiscal months commencing with the month prior to the triggering of the covenant. The FCCR (as defined in the Wells Fargo Facility) is the ratio of (a) EBITDA for such period, minus unfinanced capital expenditures made during such period, to (b) the aggregate amount of (i) interest expense required to be paid (other than interest paid-in-kind, amortization of financing fees, and other non-cash interest expense) during such period, (ii) scheduled principal payments (but excluding principal payments relating to outstanding revolving loans under the Wells Fargo Facility), (iii) all net federal, state, and local income taxes required to be paid during such period (provided, that any tax refunds received shall be applied to the period in which the cash outlay for such taxes was made), (iv) all restricted payments paid (as defined in the Wells Fargo Facility) during such period, and (v) to the extent not otherwise deducted from EBITDA for such period, all payments required to be made during such period in respect of any funding deficiency or funding shortfall with respect to any pension plan. The FCCR covenant ceases after the Borrowers have been in compliance therewith for two consecutive months.
The Wells Fargo Facility also contains customary non-financial covenants relating to the Company and the Borrowers, including limitations on Borrowers’ ability to pay dividends on common stock or preferred stock, and also includes certain events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to other obligations, events of bankruptcy and insolvency, certain ERISA events, judgments in excess of specified amounts, impairments to guarantees and a change of control. The Wells Fargo Facility also contains certain covenants contained in the Fourth Amendment to the Term Loan Facility described below.
On April 23, 2020, the Borrowers, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo (the “First Amendment”). The First Amendment authorized the Company and its subsidiaries to incur up to $2.5 million of indebtedness under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and contained other provisions relating to the treatment of such proceeds and any potential debt forgiveness, under the Wells Fargo Facility.
The commitments under the Wells Fargo Facility will expire and the full outstanding principal amount of the loans, together with accrued and unpaid interest, are due and payable in full on December 19, 2022, unless the commitments are terminated and the outstanding principal amount of the loans are accelerated sooner following an event of default.
Term Loan Facility
On October 10, 2017, HTC, Holdings, and ARI, as borrowers, and the Company, as guarantor, became obligated under a Term Loan Credit and Security Agreement (as amended, the “Term Loan Facility”) with U.S. Bank National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent (“Term Loan Agent”) and funds advised by FS Investments and such other lenders as may thereafter become a party to the Term Loan Facility (the “Term Loan Lenders”).
Under the terms of the Term Loan Facility, the Borrowers immediately borrowed $105 million pursuant to a term loan (the “Term Loan”).
The Term Loan matures on October 10, 2023. Interest on the Term Loan is generally payable on the earlier of the last day of the interest period applicable to such Eurodollar rate loan and the last day of the Term Loan Facility, as applicable. Interest is payable at the rate per annum of the Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Facility) plus 10.25%. The Borrowers have the option of paying 3.00% interest per annum in kind by adding such amount to the principal of the Term Loans during no more than five fiscal quarters during the term of the Term Loan Facility.
Borrowers and the Company granted to the Term Loan Agent, for the benefit of the Term Loan Lenders, a security interest in substantially all of their respective assets, including receivables, equipment, general intangibles (including intellectual property), inventory, subsidiary stock, real property, and certain other assets.
The Term Loan Facility contains a financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain a specified total leverage ratio (“TLR”), tested as of the last day of the fiscal quarter. The TLR (as defined in the Term Loan Facility) is the ratio of (a) funded debt as of such day to (b) EBITDA for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of such fiscal quarter. Funded debt (as defined in the Term Loan Facility) includes amounts borrowed under the Wells Fargo Facility and the Term Loan Facility as well as capitalized lease obligations and other indebtedness for borrowed money maturing more than one year from the date of creation thereof. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the TLR was approximately 5.84 to 1 and 11.22 to 1, respectively.
The Term Loan Facility also contains customary non-financial covenants relating to the Company and the Borrowers, including limitations on their ability to pay dividends on common stock or preferred stock, and also includes certain events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to other obligations, events of bankruptcy and insolvency, certain ERISA events, judgments in excess of specified amounts, impairments to guarantees and a change of control.
In connection with the closing of the Term Loan Facility, the Company also entered into a Guaranty and Suretyship Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2017 (the “Term Loan Guarantee”), pursuant to which the Company affirmed its unconditional guarantee of the payment and performance of all obligations owing by Borrowers to Term Loan Agent, as agent for the benefit of the Term Loan Lenders.
The Term Loan Agent and the Agent have entered into an intercreditor agreement governing the relative priority of their security interests granted by the Borrowers and the Guarantor in the collateral, providing that the Agent shall have a first priority security interest in the accounts receivable, inventory, deposit accounts and certain other assets (the “Revolving Credit Priority Collateral”) and the Term Loan Agent shall have a first priority security interest in the equipment, real property, capital stock of subsidiaries and certain other assets (the “Term Loan Priority Collateral”).
On December 19, 2019, HTC, Holdings and ARI as borrowers and the Company as a guarantor, entered into a Waiver and Fourth Amendment to Term Loan Credit and Security Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”) with U.S. Bank National Association, as collateral agent and administrative agent, and the various lenders thereunder.
The Fourth Amendment waived financial covenant defaults at June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2019 and amended the Term Loan Credit and Security Agreement dated October 10, 2017 (as previously amended, the “Term Loan Facility”) to reset the maximum Total Leverage Ratio covenant contained in the Term Loan Facility at the indicated dates as follows: (i) September 30, 2019 - 15.67:1.00; (ii) December 31, 2019 - 14.54:1.00; (iii) March 31, 2020 - 16.57:1.00; (iv) June 30, 2020 - 10.87:1.00; (v) September 30, 2020 - 8.89:1.00; (vi) December 31, 2020 - 8.89:1.00; (vii) March 31, 2021 - 7.75:1.00; (viii) June 30, 2021 - 7.03:1.00; (ix) September 30, 2021 - 6.08:1.00; and (x) December 31, 2021 - 5.36:1.00. The Fourth Amendment also reset the minimum liquidity requirement (consisting of cash plus undrawn availability on the Borrowers’ revolving loan facility) of $5 million, measured monthly. Furthermore, the Fourth Amendment added a minimum LTM Adjusted EBITDA covenant as of the indicated dates as follows: (i) September 30, 2019 - $7.887 million; (ii) December 31, 2019 - $7.954 million; (iii) March 31, 2020 - $7.359 million; (iv) June 30, 2020 - $11.745 million; (v) September 30, 2020 - $12.021 million; (vi) December 31, 2020 - $12.300 million; (vii) March 31, 2021 -$14.295 million; (viii) June 30, 2021 - $14.566 million; (ix) September 30, 2021 - $15.431 million; and (x) December 31, 2021 - $16.267 million.
The Fourth Amendment also (i) continues the limitation on acquisitions and dividends, (ii) required a principal repayment of $14,000,000 upon execution of the Fourth Amendment and (iii) increases the scheduled quarterly principal repayments to $562,000 effective March 31, 2020 and $1,312,000 effective December 31, 2020.
The Fourth Amendment also terminated the exit fee payable to the term loan lenders, which would have been payable in full in cash upon the earlier to occur of (x) repayment in full of the term loans, or (y) any acceleration of the term loans. In lieu of the exit fee, the Fourth Amendment reinstated a prepayment premium equal to the following percentages of the principal amount prepaid, depending upon the date of prepayment: (i) through March 31, 2020 - 0.50%; (ii) from April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021 - 2.50%; and (iii) from April 1, 2021 and thereafter - 5.00%.
The Fourth Amendment also added a new covenant providing that in the event of a breach of a financial covenant contained in the Term Loan Facility or any failure to make a required principal repayment (a “Trigger Event”), then on or prior to six months after a Trigger Event, the Company shall commence a process to (x) sell its businesses and/or assets, and/or (y) consummate a refinancing transaction with respect to the Term Loan Facility (a “Transaction”), in each case, subject to enumerated time milestones contained in the Fourth Amendment, and which requires that Transaction shall, in any event, be consummated on or prior to the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the Trigger Event.
As closing conditions to the execution and delivery of the Fourth Amendment, the Company was required to: (i) amend its Bylaws in a manner acceptable to the Term Loan Facility lenders; (ii) appoint two new independent directors to the board of directors (the “Special Directors”); and (iii) pay an amendment fee of 0.50% of the amount of the outstanding loans under the Term Loan Facility.
On April 23, 2020, HTC, Holdings and ARI as borrowers and the Company as a guarantor, entered into a Fifth Amendment to Term Loan Credit and Security Agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”) with U.S. Bank National Association, as collateral agent and administrative agent, and the various lenders thereunder. The Fifth Amendment authorized the Company and its subsidiaries to incur up to $2.5 million of indebtedness under the CARES Act and contained other provisions relating to the treatment of such proceeds and any potential debt forgiveness, under the Term Loan Facility.
The Company evaluated the Fourth and Fifth Amendments in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470, Debt, to determine if the Amendments were (1) a troubled debt restructuring, and if not, (2) a modification or an extinguishment of debt. The Company concluded that the Fourth Amendment was a troubled debt restructuring for accounting purposes due to the removal of the exit fee; as such, the Company capitalized an additional $0.5 million of deferred financing costs, which are being amortized over the remaining term. The future undiscounted cash flows of the term loan, as amended, exceeded the carrying value, and accordingly, no gain was recognized and no adjustment was made to the carrying value of the debt.
The Company was in compliance with all covenants, under the Wells Fargo Facility and the Term Loan Facility, as amended, as of December 31, 2020.
The Company’s ability to comply with these covenants in future quarters may be affected by events beyond the Company’s control, including general economic conditions, weather conditions, regulations and refrigerant pricing. Therefore, we cannot make any assurance that we will continue to be in compliance during future periods.
The Company believes that it will be able to satisfy its working capital requirements for the foreseeable future from anticipated cash flows from operations and available funds under the Wells Fargo Facility. Any unanticipated expenses, including, but not limited to, an increase in the cost of refrigerants purchased by the Company, an increase in operating expenses or failure to achieve expected revenues from the Company’s RefrigerantSide® Services and/or refrigerant sales or additional expansion or acquisition costs that may arise in the future would adversely affect the Company’s future capital needs. There can be no assurance that the Company’s proposed or future plans will be successful, and as such, the Company may require additional capital sooner than anticipated, which capital may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.
CARES Act Loan
On April 23, 2020 the Company received a loan in the amount of $2.475 million from Meridian Bank under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) pursuant to the CARES Act. The loan has a term of two years, is unsecured, and bears interest at a fixed rate of one percent per annum, with the first six months of principal and interest deferred. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in applying for the loan the Company made a good faith assertion based upon the degree of uncertainty introduced to the capital markets and the industries affecting the Company's customers and the Company's dependency to curtail expenses to fund ongoing operations. The PPP loan proceeds have been used in part to help offset payroll costs as stipulated in the legislation. All or a portion of the PPP loan may be forgiven by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) upon application by the Company and upon documentation of expenditures in accordance with the SBA requirements. Under the CARES Act, loan forgiveness is available for the sum of documented payroll costs and other covered areas, such as rent payments, mortgage interest and utilities, as applicable. The Company has applied for loan forgiveness and intends to comply with the loan forgiveness provisions in the legislation, however, there are no assurances that the Company will obtain full forgiveness of the loan based on current guidelines.
Inflation
Inflation has not historically had a material impact on the Company's operations.
Reliance on Suppliers and Customers
The Company participates in an industry that is highly regulated, and changes in the regulations affecting our business could affect our operating results. Currently the Company purchases virgin HCFC and HFC refrigerants and reclaimable, primarily HCFC and CFC, refrigerants from suppliers and its customers. Under the Act the phase-down of future production of certain virgin HCFC refrigerants commenced in 2010 and has been fully phased out by the year 2020, and production of all virgin HCFC refrigerants is scheduled to be phased out by the year 2030. To the extent that the Company is unable to source sufficient quantities of refrigerants or is unable to obtain refrigerants on commercially reasonable terms or experiences a decline in demand and/or price for refrigerants sold by it, the Company could realize reductions in revenue from refrigerant sales, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results and financial position.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for 14% of the Company’s revenues; no other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues. At December 31, 2020, there were $2.9 million of outstanding receivables from this customer. For the year ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 14% of the Company’s revenues; no other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues. At December 31, 2019, there were $1.8 million of outstanding receivables from this customer.
The loss of a principal customer or a decline in the economic prospects of and/or a reduction in purchases of the Company's products or services by any such customer could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operating results and financial position.
Seasonality and Weather Conditions and Fluctuations in Operating Results
The Company's operating results vary from period to period as a result of weather conditions, requirements of potential customers, non-recurring refrigerant and service sales, availability and price of refrigerant products (virgin or reclaimable), changes in reclamation technology and regulations, timing in introduction and/or retrofit or replacement of refrigeration equipment, the rate of expansion of the Company's operations, and by other factors. The Company's business is seasonal in nature with peak sales of refrigerants occurring in the first nine months of each year. During past years, the seasonal decrease in sales of refrigerants has resulted in losses particularly in the fourth quarter of the year. In addition, to the extent that there is unseasonably cool weather throughout the spring and summer months, which would adversely affect the demand for refrigerants, there would be a corresponding negative impact on the Company. Delays or inability in securing adequate supplies of refrigerants at peak demand periods, lack of refrigerant demand, increased expenses, declining refrigerant prices and a loss of a principal customer could result in significant losses. There can be no assurance that the foregoing factors will not occur and result in a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position and significant losses. The Company believes that to a lesser extent there is a similar seasonal element to RefrigerantSide® Service revenues as refrigerant sales.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which revises guidance for the accounting for credit losses on financial instruments within its scope, and in November 2018, issued ASU No. 2018-19 and in April 2019, issued ASU No. 2019-04 and in May 2019, issued ASU No. 2019-05, and in November 2019, issued ASU No. 2019-11, which each amended the standard. The new standard introduces an approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments and modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities. The new approach to estimating credit losses (referred to as the current expected credit losses model) applies to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Entities are required to apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company is still evaluating the impact of this ASU.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, which provides relief from accounting analysis and impacts that may otherwise be required for modifications to agreements necessitated by reference rate reform. It also provides optional expedients to enable the continuance of hedge accounting where certain hedging relationships are impacted by reference rate reform. This optional guidance is effective immediately, and available to be used through December 31, 2022. We are assessing the impact that reference rate reform and the related adoption of this guidance will have on our financial statements.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, "Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity", which is intended to simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models in Subtopic 470-20, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options, for convertible instruments. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of the provisions of ASU 2020-06 on our financial statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We are exposed to market risk from fluctuations in interest rates on the Wells Fargo Facility and on the Term Loan Facility. The Wells Fargo Facility is a $60,000,000 secured facility, and the Term Loan Facility provides for Term Loans of $85,114,500 as of December 31, 2020.
There was a $2,000,000 outstanding balance on the Wells Fargo Facility as of December 31, 2020. Future interest rate changes on our borrowing under the Wells Fargo Facility may have an impact on our consolidated results of operations.
There was an $85,114,500 outstanding balance on the Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2020. Future interest rate changes on our borrowing under the Term Loans may have an impact on our consolidated results of operations.
If the loan bearing interest rate changed by 1%, the annual effect on interest expense would be approximately $0.9 million as of December 31, 2020.
Refrigerant Market
We are also exposed to market risk from fluctuations in the demand, price and availability of refrigerants. To the extent that the Company is unable to source sufficient quantities of refrigerants or is unable to obtain refrigerants on commercially reasonable terms, or experiences a decline in demand and/or price for refrigerants sold by the Company, the Company could realize reductions in revenue from refrigerant sales or write downs of inventory, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The financial statements appear in a separate section of this report following Part IV.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not Applicable.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective and provided reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Furthermore, the Company’s controls and procedures can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the control and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected on a timely basis.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
As required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act, our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded there were no such changes.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements and the reliability of financial reporting.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In making this assessment, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer believe that, as of December 31, 2020, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Due to our filing status as a non-accelerated filer, BDO USA, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm which audits our financial statements, was not required to provide an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Part III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Reference is made to the disclosure required by Items 401, 405, 406, and 407(c)(3), (d)(4), and (d)(5) of Regulation S-K to be contained in the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to stockholders on or about April 28, 2021, and to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Reference is made to the disclosure required by Items 402 and 407(e)(4) and (e)(5) of Regulation S-K to be contained in the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to stockholders on or about April 28, 2021, and to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Reference is made to the disclosure required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K to be contained in the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to stockholders on or about April 28, 2021, and to be filed with the Securities Exchange Commission.
Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides certain information with respect to all of Hudson’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2020.
Number of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options Weighted-average
exercise
price of outstanding
options Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future issuance
under equity
compensation
plans
(excluding
securities
reflected
in column (a))
Plan Category (a) (b) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 5,329,515 $ 1.06 4,070,936

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Reference is made to the disclosure required by Items 404 and 407(a) of Regulation S-K to be contained in the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to stockholders on or about April 28, 2021, and to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Reference is made to the proposal regarding the approval of the Registrant's independent registered public accounting firm to be contained in the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to stockholders on or about April 28, 2021, and to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Part IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(A)(1)
Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements of Hudson Technologies, Inc. appear after Item 16 of this report
(A)(2)
Financial Statement Schedules
None
(A)(3)
Exhibits
2.1
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 9, 2017, by and among Hudson Technologies, Inc., Hudson Holdings, Inc. and Airgas, Inc. (17)
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation and Amendment. (1)
3.2
Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, dated July 20, 1994. (1)
3.3
Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, dated October 26, 1994. (1)
3.4
Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated March 16, 1999. (2)
3.5
Certificate of Correction of the Certificate of Amendment dated March 25, 1999. (2)
3.6
Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated March 29, 1999. (2)
3.7
Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated February 16, 2001. (3)
3.8
Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated March 20, 2002. (4)
3.9
Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated January 3, 2003. (5)
3.10
Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted December 18, 2019. (28)
3.11
Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated September 15, 2015. (14)
4.1
Description of Equity Securities. (33)
10.1
2004 Stock Incentive Plan. (7)*
10.2
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Kevin J. Zugibe, as amended. (9)*
10.3
Agreement with Brian F. Coleman, as amended. (9)*
10.4
2008 Stock Incentive Plan. (8)*
10.5
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (9)*
10.6
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan with options vesting in equal installments over two year period. (9)*
10.7
Form of Non-Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (9)*
10.8
Form of Non-Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan with options vesting in equal installments over two year period. (9)*
10.9
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Kevin J. Zugibe, dated December 30, 2008. (9)*
10.10
Long Term Care Insurance Plan Summary. (10)*
10.11
Amendment No. 1 to the Hudson Technologies, Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan adopted October 22, 2013. (11) *
10.12
2014 Stock Incentive Plan (12)*
10.13
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (13)*
10.14
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan with options vesting in equal installments over two year period. (13)*
10.15
Form of Non-Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (13)*
10.16
Form of Non-Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan with options vesting in equal installments over two year period. (13)*
10.17
Form of Incentive Barrier Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (13)*
10.18
Form of Non-Incentive Barrier Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (13)*
10.19
Form of Incentive Barrier Stock Option Agreement under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (13)*
10.20
Form of Non-Incentive Barrier Stock Option Agreement under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance. (13)*
10.21
Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Kevin J. Zugibe. (15)*
10.22
Amended and Restated Agreement with Brian Coleman (15)*
10.23
Agreement, dated September 5, 2016, between Hudson Technologies, Inc. and Nat Krishnamurti. (16)*
10.24
Term Loan Credit and Security Agreement dated October 10, 2017 with U.S. Bank National Association as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent for the Term Lenders (18)
10.25
Guaranty and Suretyship Agreement dated October 10, 2017 by Hudson Technologies, Inc. (18)
10.26
2018 Stock Incentive Plan (19)*
10.27
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance (25)*
10.28
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan with vesting in equal installments over a specified of time. (25)*
10.29
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuances (25)*
10.30
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan with vesting in equal installments over a specified period of time. (25)*
10.31
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan with conditional vesting provisions. (25)*
10.32
Waiver and Second Amendment to Term Loan Credit and Security Agreement (20)
10.33
Extension Letter dated October 15, 2018 (21)
10.34
Second Extension Letter dated November 14, 2018 (22)
10.35
Third Extension Letter dated November 21, 2018 (23)
10.36
Waiver and Third Amendment to Term Loan and Security Agreement (24)
10.37
Joinder to Term Loan Credit and Security Agreement and Other Documents (26)
10.38
Third Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of September 20, 2019 between the Registrant and Kevin J. Zugibe (27)*
10.39
Second Amended and Restated Agreement dated as of September 20, 2019 between the Registrant and Brian F. Coleman (27)*
10.40
Amended and Restated Agreement dated as of September 20, 2019 between the Registrant and Nat Krishnamurti (27)*
10.41
Credit Agreement dated December 19, 2019 by and among Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Agent, the Lenders that are parties thereto, Hudson Technologies, Inc. and the Borrowers Described Therein (28)
10.42
Guaranty and Security Agreement dated December 19, 2019 by and among the Grantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Agent (28)
10.43
Waiver and Fourth Amendment to Term Loan and Credit and Security Agreement dated December 19, 2019 (28)
10.44
Fourth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated December 19, 2019 between the Registrant and Kevin J. Zugibe (28)*
10.45
Third Amended and Restated Agreement dated December 19, 2019 between the Registrant and Brian F. Coleman (28)*
10.46
First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated April 23, 2020 with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (29)
10.47
Fifth Amendment to Term Loan and Credit and Security Agreement dated April 23, 2020 (29)
10.48
Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement dated as of June 24, 2020 between the Registrant and Brian F. Coleman (30)*
10.49
Agreement dated September 14, 2020 between the Company and Kenneth Gaglione (31)*
10.50
Amended and Restated Agreement dated September 30, 2019 between the Company and Kathleen L. Houghton (31)*
10.51
Hudson Technologies, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (32)*
10.52
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance (34)*
10.53
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan with vesting in equal installments over a specified period of time (34)*
10.54
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan with full vesting upon issuance (34)*
10.55
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan with vesting in equal installments over a specified period of time (34)*
10.56
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan with conditional vesting provisions (34)*
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. (6)
Subsidiaries of the Company. (34)
23.1
Consent of BDO USA, LLP. (34)
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (34)
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (34)
32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (34)
32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (34)
Interactive data file pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T. (34)
(1)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (No. 33-80279-NY).
(2)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 1999.
(3)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2000.
(4)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2001.
(5)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2002.
(6)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, for the event dated March 3, 2005, and filed May 31, 2005.
(7)
Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed August 18, 2004 .
(8)
Incorporated by reference to Appendix I to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed July 29, 2008.
(9)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
(10)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012.
(11)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.
(12)
Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed August 12, 2014.
(13)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014.
(14)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.
(15)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company Annual Report on form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
(16)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 9, 2016.
(17)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 9, 2017.
(18)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 11, 2017.
(19)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed December 21, 2018.
(20)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 15, 2018.
(21)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 16, 2018.
(22)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 15, 2018.
(23)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 23, 2018.
(24)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 3, 2018.
(25)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(26)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
(27)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 23, 2019.
(28)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 20, 2019.
(29)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 15, 2020.
(30)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 20, 2020.
(31)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 16, 2020.
(32)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed June 30, 2020.
(33)
Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 13, 2020.
(34)
Filed herewith.
(*)
Denotes Management Compensation Plan, agreement or arrangement.