EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1755672
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1755672_10-K_2025_0001755672-25-000005.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to:
•"Corteva" or "the company" refers to Corteva, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (including EIDP);
•"EIDP" refers to EIDP, Inc. (formerly known as E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) and its consolidated subsidiaries or EIDP, Inc. excluding its consolidated subsidiaries, as the context may indicate;
•"DowDuPont" refers to DowDuPont Inc. and its subsidiaries prior to the Separation (as defined below) of Corteva;
•"Historical Dow" refers to The Dow Chemical Company and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Internal Reorganization as defined below;
•"Historical DuPont" and "Historical EID" refers to EIDP prior to the Internal Reorganization (as defined below);
•"Dow" refers to Dow Inc. after its separation from DowDuPont;
•"DuPont" refers to DuPont de Nemours, Inc. after the Separation of Corteva; and
•"Merger" refers to the all-stock merger of equals strategic combination between Historical Dow and Historical DuPont.
Background
Corteva is a leading global provider of Seed and Crop Protection solutions focused on the agriculture industry and contributing to a healthier, more secure and sustainable food supply. Corteva was incorporated in Delaware in March 2018 and maintains its business headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana. With one of the broadest and most productive new product pipelines in the agriculture industry, Corteva is focused on progressing science-based innovations, which aim to deliver a wide range of improved agriculture products and services to its customers. The company leverages its rich heritage of scientific achievement to advance its robust innovation pipeline and continue to shape the future of responsible agriculture. New products are crucial to solving farmers’ productivity challenges amid a growing global population while addressing natural resistance, evolving environmental environments and weather patterns, regulatory changes, safety requirements and competitive dynamics. The company’s investments seek to generate returns through providing farmers with technology-based and solution-based product offerings to meet these evolving production needs. Meanwhile, through Corteva’s unique routes to market, the company continues to work face-to-face with farmers around the world to understand their needs.
The company's broad portfolio of agriculture solutions fuels farmer productivity in approximately 110 countries. See Note 22 - Geographic Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for details on the location of the company's sales and property.
On June 1, 2019, Corteva, Inc. became an independent, publicly traded company through the completed separation (the “Separation”) of the agriculture business of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. (formerly known as DowDuPont Inc.) (“DuPont” or "DowDuPont").
As a result of the Internal Reorganization (defined below), on May 31, 2019, EIDP was contributed to Corteva, Inc. and, as a result, Corteva, Inc. owns 100% of the outstanding common stock of EIDP. Shares of EIDP preferred stock, $3.50 Series and $4.50 Series, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Separation remain issued and outstanding and were unaffected by the Separation. Prior to March 31, 2019, Corteva, Inc. had engaged in no business operations and had no assets or liabilities of any kind, other than those incident to its formation.
Internal Reorganizations and Business Separations
Subsequent to the Merger, Historical Dow and EIDP engaged in a series of internal reorganization and realignment steps to realign their businesses into three subgroups: agriculture, materials science and specialty products ("Internal Reorganization"). On April 1, 2019, DowDuPont completed the separation of its materials science business into a separate and independent public company, Dow, Inc.
On April 1, 2019, Historical Dow entities, which held certain assets and liabilities aligned with Historical Dow’s agriculture business and the assets and liabilities associated with its specialty products business, respectively, were transferred and conveyed to DowDuPont.
On April 1, 2019 and May 1, 2019, EIDP’s materials science and specialty products entities, along with their respective assets and liabilities, were conveyed to Dow and DowDuPont, respectively. On May 2, 2019, DowDuPont conveyed Historical Dow agricultural entities to EIDP.
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On May 6, 2019, the Board of Directors of DowDuPont approved the distribution of all the then issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Corteva, Inc., then a wholly-owned subsidiary of DowDuPont, to DowDuPont stockholders. On May 31, 2019, DowDuPont contributed EIDP to Corteva, Inc. and on June 1, 2019, the Separation was completed. Corteva, Inc.'s common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "CTVA" on June 3, 2019.
Separation Agreements
In connection with their ultimate separation, DuPont, Corteva, and Dow (together, the “Parties” and each a “Party”) have entered into certain agreements to effect the separation, provide for the allocation of DowDuPont’s assets, employees, liabilities and obligations (including its investments, property and employee benefits and tax-related assets and liabilities) among the Parties, and provide a framework for Corteva's relationship with Dow and DuPont following the separations. The Parties entered into the following agreements:
•Separation and Distribution Agreement - Effective April 1, 2019, the Parties entered into an agreement that sets forth, among other things, governance of certain aspects of the Parties’ ongoing relationships after the completion of their respective separations (the "Corteva Separation Agreement").
•Tax Matters Agreement - The Parties entered into an agreement effective as of April 1, 2019, as amended on June 1, 2019, that governs their respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, the preparation and filing of tax returns, the control of audits and other tax proceedings and other matters regarding taxes.
•Employee Matters Agreement - The Parties entered into an agreement effective as of April 1, 2019, that identifies employees and employee-related liabilities (and attributable assets) allocated (either retained, transferred and accepted, or assigned and assumed, as applicable) to the respective Parties.
•Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreement - Effective as of April 1, 2019 Corteva and Dow, and effective June 1, 2019, Corteva and DuPont, entered into Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreements. The Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreements set forth the terms and conditions under which the applicable Parties may use in their respective businesses, certain know-how (including trade secrets), copyrights, and software, and certain patents and standards, allocated to another Party pursuant to the Corteva Separation Agreement.
•Letter Agreement - Effective as of June 1, 2019 DuPont and Corteva entered into a Letter Agreement. The Letter Agreement sets forth certain additional terms and conditions related to the Separation, including certain limitations on each party’s ability to transfer certain businesses and assets to third parties without assigning certain of such party’s indemnification obligations under the Corteva Separation Agreement to the other party to the transferee of such businesses and assets or meeting certain other alternative conditions.
Business Segments
The company’s operations are managed through two reportable segments: Seed and Crop Protection. The Seed segment develops and supplies commercial seed combining superior germplasm with advanced traits to produce high yield potential for farmers around the world. The Crop Protection segment supplies products to protect crop yields against weeds, insects and disease, enabling farmers to achieve optimal results. The combination of these leading platforms creates one of the broadest portfolios of agriculture solutions in the industry. Additional information with respect to business segment results is included in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, on page 39 of this report and Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Part I
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Seed
The Seed segment is a global leader in developing and supplying commercial seed combining advanced germplasm and traits that produce optimum yield for farms around the world. The company’s Seed segment is a leader in many key seed markets, including North America corn and soybeans, Europe corn and sunflower, as well as Brazil, India, South Africa and Argentina corn. The company offers trait technologies that improve resistance to weather, disease, insects, herbicides used to control weeds and enhance food and nutritional characteristics, and digital solutions that assist farmer decision-making to help maximize yield and profitability.
A summary of the Seed segment’s net sales by major product line and geographic region (based on customer location) are as follows:
Products and Brands
The Seed segment’s major brands and technologies, by key product line, are listed below:
Seed Solutions Brands Pioneer® seeds; Brevant® seeds; Dairyland Seed®; Hoegemeyer® hybrids; Nutech® seed; Seed Consultants®; AgVenture® brand; Cordius®, Licensing Division of Corteva Agriscience, DUO® hybrid corn, NEXSEM® corn, NordTM semillas; PhytoGen® cotton; Pannar™ brand corn
Seed Solutions Traits and Technologies ENLIST™ corn; ENLIST E3™ soybeans; ENLIST™ cotton; Enlist™ weed control system; Herculex® Insect Protection; Herculex® XTRA Insect Protection; Leptra® insect protection technology offering protection against above ground pests; PowerCore® corn, PowerCore® Ultra corn, PowerCore® Enlist™ corn, PowerCore® Ultra Enlist™ corn, POWERCORE® trait technology family of products; Optimum® AcreMax® family of products offering above and below ground insect protection; REFUGE ADVANCED® trait technology; SMARTSTAX® trait technology; NEXERA® canola trait; Omega-9 Oils; Pioneer® brand Optimum® AQUAmax® products; Pioneer® brand A-Series soybeans; Pioneer® brand Plenish® high oleic soybeans; ExpressSun® herbicide tolerant trait; Pioneer Protector® products for canola, sunflower and sorghum; Pioneer MAXIMUS® rapeseed hybrids; Qrome® corn; Clearfield® canola; PROPOUND™ advanced canola meal; Vorceed™ Enlist™ products; Conkesta®; Conkesta E3® soybeans; WideStrike™ Insect Protection; WideStrike™ 3 Insect Protection; Inzen® trait; BOLT® technology; STS® herbicide tolerant trait; MAXIMUS® canola hybrids; CottonBest ® program; Brevant® Protector products; Optimum® GLY herbicide tolerance trait Optimum® AcreMax® insect protection; Optimum® AcreMax® Leptra® insect protection; Optimum® AcreMax® Xtra insect protection; Optimum® AcreMax® XTreme insect protection; Bovalta® BMR products; Optimum® Intrasect® insect protection; Optimum® Leptra® insect protection
Other LumiGEN™ seed treatments; Lumisena™; Lumiverd®; Lumiscend®; Lumiscend® Pro; Lumisure®; Lumiflex™; Lumiante™; LumiTreo™; Dermacor™ X-100; Vertisan® ST; Lumiderm®; Lumivia™ CPL; Lumivia™ and Lumialza™
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In connection with the validation of breeding plans and large-scale product development timelines focused on rapidly ramping up differentiated technology solutions, in 2019 the company began accelerating the ramp up of the Enlist E3TM trait platform in the company’s soybean portfolio mix across all brands, including Pioneer® brands. Due to the five-year ramp-up of Enlist E3TM, the company significantly reduced the volume of products with the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® herbicide tolerance traits beginning in 2021, with expected minimal use of the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® traits thereafter for the remaining term of the non-exclusive license with the Monsanto Company. Refer to Prepaid Royalties within the Critical Accounting Estimates section on page 55 for additional information.
Distribution
The Seed segment has a diverse worldwide network which markets and distributes the company’s brands to customers, primarily through the company’s multi-channel, multi-brand strategy, which includes four differentiated channels: Pioneer agency model, regional brands, retail brands, as well as third parties through licensing and distribution channels.
The Pioneer agency model is unique to Corteva and represents sales made directly to farmers via independent sales representatives. Through this agency model, the company interacts directly with farmers at multiple points in the growing season, from prior to planting all the way through harvest. These regular interactions enable the company to provide the advice and service farmers need while giving the company real-time insights into the customers’ future ordering decisions. The company’s regional brands connect to customers through regional brand employees and farmer-dealer networks. Retail brands provide a one-stop shop for seed and chemistry solutions and may include sales to distributors, agricultural cooperatives, and dealers. Finally, Corteva out-licenses traits and germplasm to third parties.
Key Raw Materials
The key raw materials for the Seed segment include corn and soybean seeds. To produce high-quality seeds, the company contracts with third-party growers globally. Corteva focuses on production close to the customer to provide the seed product, which is suitable for that region and its weed, insect and disease challenges, weather, soil and other conditions. The company conditions and packages the seeds using its own plants and third-party contract manufacturers. By striking a balance between owning production facility assets directly and contracting with third-party growers, the company believes it is best able to maintain flexibility to react to demand changes unique to each geography while minimizing costs. The company seeks to collaborate with strategic seed growers and share its digital agronomy and product management knowledge with them. The company’s third-party growers are an important part of its supply chain. Corteva provides them with rigorous training, planning tools and access to a system that tests and advances products matched to specific geographic needs.
The Seed segment's research and development ("R&D") and supply chain groups work seamlessly to select and maintain product characteristics that enhance the quality of its seed products and solutions. Corteva focuses on customer-driven innovation to deliver superior germplasm and trait technologies. With its large sets of digitized data and its seed field management solution, the company can manage its field operations efficiently and draw insights from data quickly and effectively. This allows the company’s supply chain to react quickly to changing customer needs and provides R&D with tremendous amounts of data to analyze and incorporate into resource allocation decisions. The company continues to invest in and build capabilities that drive value via data digitization and analytics that enable it to create an even more responsive and efficient answer to customer needs.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS, continued
Crop Protection
The Crop Protection segment serves the global agricultural input industry with products that protect against weeds, insects and other pests, and disease, and that support overall crop health both above and below ground via nitrogen management and seed-applied technologies. The segment's crop protection solutions and digital solutions provide farmers tools to improve productivity and profitability, and help keep fields free of weeds, insects and diseases. The company is a leader in global herbicides, insecticides, nitrogen stabilizers, pasture and range management herbicides and biologicals.
A summary of the Crop Protection segment’s net sales by major product line and geographic region (based on customer location) are as follows:
Products and Brands
The Crop Protection segment’s major brands and technologies, by key product line, are listed below:
Insect and Nematode Management CLOSER™; DELEGATE®; INTREPID®; ISOCLAST™; EXALT®; PEXALON™; TRANSFORM™; VYDATE®; OPTIMUM®; Reklemel™; SALIBRO™; PYRAXALT™; QALCOVA™; JEMVELVA™; RADIANT™; SENTRICON®; ENTRUST® SC; SUCCESS®; TRACER™; LANNATE®; EXPEDITION®; SPINTOR®
Disease Management APROACH PRIMA®; VESSARYA®; APROACH®; APROACH POWER®; VIOVAN®; TALENDO™; VERBEN®; EQUATION PRO®; EQUATION CONTACT®; ZORVEC™; INATREQ™; CURZATE™; TANOS®; BIM® MAX; BEAM®; FONTELIS™; ACANTO™; GALILEO®; UNIVOQ™
Weed Control ARYLEX®; ENLIST™ weed control system; ENLIST ONE™; BROADWAY™; RINSKOR™; MUSTANG®; GALLANT™; VERDICT®; KERB®; PIXXARO®; QUELEX™; KORVETTO®; REXADE™; GALLERY®; SNAPSHOT®; VIPER®; BELKAR®; WIDEMATCH®; PERFECTMATCH®; CLINCHER®; GARLON™; TORDON®; REMEDY®; PASTAR®; SONIC®; TEXARO®; KEYSTONE®; PACTO®; LIGATE®; DIMENSION®; TOPSHOT®; RICER®; LOYANT™; ROYANT®; JAGUAR®; AGIXATM, NOVIXID®, NOVLECT™; REALM® Q; LONTREL®; GRAZON®; PAXEO®; RESICORE® REV; SPIDER®; STARANETM; SURESTART®; COACT®; SIMPLICITY®; REZUVANT®; PALLAS™; DURACOR®; TOLVERA™; ONDECK®; GAPPER®; ELEVORE®; LADIVA®
Nitrogen Management INSTINCT®; N-SERVE® Nitrogen Stabilizer; FULTIME®; VOLLEY®
Biologicals STIMULATE™; UTRISHA™ N; BlueN™; STARTER™ and HARVEST MORE®
Other LANDVisor™
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Key Raw Materials
The key raw materials and supplies for the Crop Protection segment include chlorinated pyridines derivatives, specialty intermediates and technical grade active ingredients, chlorine, and seed treatments. Typically, the company purchases major raw materials through long-term contracts with multiple suppliers, which sometimes require minimum purchase commitments. Certain important raw materials are supplied by a few major suppliers. The company expects the markets for its raw materials to remain balanced. The company relies on contract manufacturers, both domestically and internationally, to produce certain inputs or key components for its product formulations. These inputs are sourced globally and the company generally formulates its products close to its end customers. Shifts in customer demand, reduced local availability of raw materials, and/or production capacity constraints may, at times, necessitate sourcing from an alternative geography. The company strives to maintain multiple high-quality supply sources for each input.
Corteva’s supply chain strategy involves managing global supplies of active and intermediate ingredients sourced regionally with global best practices and oversight. Corteva’s supply strategy includes a robust and flexible global footprint to meet future portfolio growth. The company’s supply chain also provides competitive advantages including reducing time to meet customer requirements in regions while minimizing costs through the value chain.
Seasonality
Corteva’s sales are generally strongest in the first half of the calendar year, which aligns with the planting and growing season in the northern hemisphere. The company typically generates about 65 percent of its sales in the first half of the calendar year, driven by northern hemisphere Seed and Crop Protection sales. The company generates about 35 percent of its sales in the second half of the calendar year, led by Seed sales in the southern hemisphere. The seasonality in sales impacts both the Seed and Crop Protection segments. The company’s direct distribution channel, where products are shipped to farmers, is more affected by planting delays than its competitors. Generally speaking, unfavorable weather slows the planting season and can affect the company’s quarterly results and sales mix. Severe unfavorable weather, however, can impact overall sales. Accounts receivable tends to be higher during the first half of the year, consistent with the peak sales period in the northern hemisphere, with cash collection focused in the fourth quarter.
Human Capital Management
Corteva aims to attract the best employees, to retain those employees through offering career development and training opportunities while also prioritizing their safety and wellness in an inclusive and productive work environment. The company’s strong employee base of approximately 22,000 employees, along with its commitment to Corteva’s core values, is a key element to the success of its business.
Workforce Composition. As of December 31, 2024, the company globally employs approximately 22,000 employees. In order to address regional specific customer needs within its global business, the company has a geographically diverse employee base with 47 percent, 21 percent, 20 percent, and 12 percent located in North America, Latin America, EMEA, and Asia-Pacific regions, respectively.
Approximately 2 percent of the United States workforce is unionized and another 13 percent of our global workforce participate in works councils and collective bargaining arrangements outside the United States. In 2024, the company did not experience any work stoppages due to strike or lockouts.
Safety. Living safely is one of the company’s core values by which the company manages its business. The company has implemented safety programs and management practices to promote a culture of safety to protect its employees, as well as the environment. This includes required trainings for employees, as well as specific qualifications and certifications for certain operational employees.
Inclusion. The company has a robust inclusion and belonging vision and strategy, based upon the belief that embracing individual differences benefits the company by creating a workforce with a greater variety of skills and perspectives as a result of their differentiated backgrounds and experiences. Specific inclusion and belonging initiatives are identified and tracked to create a culture of belonging that is designed to create an inclusive environment where the best talent is attracted, retained, and engaged. Critical to creating this environment are company-sponsored employee business resource groups (“BRGs”) that support and promote certain mutual objectives of both the employee and the company, including community engagement and the professional development of employees. The BRGs are open to all employees and provide a voluntary space where employees can foster connections within a supportive environment. The company maintains nine global BRGs, each led by a member of the company’s senior leadership: Disability Awareness Network; Global African Heritage Alliance; Global
Part I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS, continued
Indigenous Peoples Alliance; Growing Asian Impact Network; Latin Network; Pride; Professional Learning Acceleration Network; Veteran’s Network; and Women’s Inclusion Network.
The company monitors its recruitment and talent development processes, in order to prevent and detect inequities and potentially discriminatory practices that could negatively impact the creation of an inclusive culture and the retention of key talent for our leadership pipeline. The company reviews its inclusion and belonging efforts through periodic engagement surveys and other measures. The results of the company’s efforts, along with its inclusion and belonging strategy, are reviewed periodically with the company’s management, and through annual reviews of the company’s leadership pipelines and inclusion and belonging programs with the People and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
Experienced Management. The company believes its management team has the experience necessary to effectively execute its strategy and advance its product pipelines and technology. The company's chief executive officer and business presidents have an average of approximately 20 years of agriculture experience and are supported by an experienced and talented management team who is dedicated to maintaining and expanding its position as a global force in the agriculture industry.
Intellectual Property
Corteva considers its intellectual property estate, which includes patents, trade secrets, trademarks and copyrights, in the aggregate, to constitute a valuable asset of Corteva and actively seeks to secure intellectual property rights as part of an overall strategy to protect its investment in innovations and maximize the results of its research and development program. While the company believes that its intellectual property estate, taken as a whole, provides a competitive advantage in many of its businesses, no single patent, trademark, license or group of related patents or licenses is in itself essential to the company as a whole or to any of the company’s segments.
Trade secrets are also an important element of the company's intellectual property. Many of the processes used to make Corteva products are kept as trade secrets which, from time to time, may be licensed to third parties. Corteva vigilantly protects its intellectual property. When the company discovers that its intellectual property has been unlawfully taken, it will take measures to mitigate any potential impact, which may include civil actions seeking redress, restitution and/or damages based on loss to the company and/or unjust enrichment, as well as reporting the matter to governmental authorities for investigation and potential criminal action, as appropriate.
Patents & Trademarks. Corteva continually applies for and obtains U.S. and foreign patents and has access to a large patent portfolio, both owned and licensed. Corteva’s rights under these patents and licenses, as well as the products made and sold under them, are important to the company in the aggregate. The protection afforded by these patents varies based on country, scope of individual patent coverage, as well as the availability of legal remedies in each country. This significant patent estate may be leveraged to align with the company’s strategic priorities within and across product lines. At December 31, 2024, the company owned about 5,800 U.S. patents and about 10,600 active patents outside of the U.S.
Remaining life of granted patents owned as of December 31, 2024:
Approximate U.S. Approximate Other Countries
Within 5 years 1,000 2,200
6 to 10 years 2,100 5,600
11 to 15 years 1,900 2,600
16 to 20 years 800 200
Total 5,800 10,600
In addition to its owned patents, the company owns approximately 3,900 patent applications.
The company also owns or has licensed a substantial number of trade names, trademarks and trademark registrations in the United States and other countries, including approximately 1,800 registrations and 1,000 pending trademark applications in a number of jurisdictions.
In addition, the company holds multiple long-term biotechnology trait licenses from third parties in the normal course of business. Most corn hybrids and soybean varieties sold to customers contain biotechnology traits licensed from third parties under these long-term licenses.
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Competition
The company competes with producers of seed germplasm, trait developers, and crop protection products on a global basis. The global market for products within the industry is highly competitive and the company believes competition has and will continue to intensify. Corteva competes based on germplasm and trait leadership, price, quality and cost competitiveness and the offering of a holistic solution. The company’s key competitors include BASF, Bayer, FMC, Syngenta and ChemChina, as well as companies trading in generic crop protection chemicals and regional seed companies.
Environmental Matters
Information related to environmental matters is included in several areas of this report: (1) Environmental Proceedings beginning on page 27; (2) Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations beginning on pages 58-60; and (3) Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Regulatory Considerations
Our Seed and Crop Protection products and operations are subject to certain approval procedures, manufacturing requirements and environmental protection laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We evaluate and test products throughout the research and development phases, and each new technology undergoes further rigorous scientific studies and tests to validate that the product can be used effectively and that use of the technology is safe for humans and animals and does not cause undue harm to the environment when used in accordance with the directions for use.
The regulatory approval processes and procedures globally are becoming increasingly more complex, which has resulted in additional testing needs, longer approval timelines that are difficult to predict, and higher development and maintenance costs. We continue to invest on an ongoing basis to keep dossiers current, respond to regulators and meet evolving regulatory standards required by global regulatory frameworks. Failure to comply with these regulations or future regulatory bans and requirements related to our products and their use may materially impact our financial performance. The increase in timelines for regulatory approvals may result in the company not achieving its sustainability targets, or its anticipated returns on research and development investments.
Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms (“GMOs”) and Gene Editing
Genetically modified seed products are subject to regulatory approval processes and procedures. For example, in the United States, the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology governs genetically modified or gene edited organisms, using existing U.S. legislation and legal authorities on food, feed and environmental safety. Plant GMOs are regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (the “USDA”) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (the “APHIS”) under the Plant Protection Act. The APHIS assesses the trait to ensure that the trait will not pose a plant pest and is not a noxious weed. GMOs in food are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “FFDCA”). The FDA ensures that the food is safe for food and feed. Pesticides and microorganisms containing GMOs are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) pursuant to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (the “FIFRA”) and the Toxic Substances Control Act. The EPA assesses the trait or the stack containing the traits to ensure that there is no unreasonable adverse effect to the environment.
Other countries also have rigorous approval processes, procedures, and scientific testing requirements for the cultivation or import of genetically modified seed products and gene editing technology. In the United States and other countries that have functioning regulatory systems, a rigorous scientific review is conducted by these agencies to demonstrate that genetically modified and gene edited products are as safe as traditionally bred, non-biotech/GMO counterparts for food, feed and the environment. Various countries in EMEA, Latin America, and Asia Pacific have banned GMOs entirely.
Regulation of Crop Protection Products
Globally, manufacturers of crop protection products, including herbicides, fungicides and insecticides are required to submit an application/dossier and obtain government regulatory approval prior to selling products in a particular country. In the United States, the EPA is responsible for registering and overseeing the approval and marketing of pesticides, pursuant to the FIFRA, the FFDCA and the Food Quality Protection Act. Also, the USDA and the FDA monitor levels of pesticide residue that is allowed on or in crops. Already registered pesticides are required to be re-registered every 15 years to ensure that those products continue to meet the rigorous safety standards set by the regulators. The EPA reevaluates pesticide tolerances at least every 10 years, taking into account ecological and human health risks, in addition to cumulative risks as a result of multiple routes and sources of exposure. For certain crop protection applications, we rely on the availability of data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to address potential risks to human health.
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Beginning in January 2022, before registering any new conventional pesticide active ingredient, the EPA evaluates the potential effects on listed species and their designated critical habitats under the Endangered Species Act (the “ESA”). The EPA also has initiated such evaluations for certain other active ingredients in response to existing or threatened litigation. Where the EPA determines that a pesticide in the registration and re-evaluation processes “may affect” a listed species, the EPA must consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. As part of its approval, registration, and reevaluation processes, the EPA may impose certain use restrictions on crop protection products under the ESA. When the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service add additional listed specifies, the EPA may initiate new ESA evaluations. Under the citizen suit provisions, the ESA also includes citizen suit provisions that allow the public to bring suit in court against federal agencies when they believe a listed species is not being adequately protected by the EPA. FIFRA contains similar provisions that allow the public to challenge an EPA’s registration decision. These lawsuits may subject products to additional use limitations and labeling requirements and further studies, as well as result in registrations being revoked, in whole or in part.
The company's European operations are subject to the European chemical regulation REACH (“Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals”) and the CLP (“Classification, Labeling, and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures”). Other jurisdictions also have rigorous approval processes, procedures and scientific testing requirements for the approval of crop protection products. We continue to monitor legislative and regulatory developments related to pollution and other environmental health and safety matters.
Available Information
The company's annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are accessible on Corteva's website at http://investors.corteva.com by clicking on the section labeled "Financial Information", then on "SEC Filings." These reports are made available, without charge, as soon as is reasonably practicable after the company files or furnishes them electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. No portion of the company's website mentioned in this report, or the materials contained on it, have been made part of this annual report on Form 10-K or incorporated herein by reference, unless such incorporation is specifically mentioned herein.
Part I

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to our Industry
Corteva may not be able to obtain or maintain the necessary regulatory approvals for some of its products, including its Seed and Crop Protection products, which could restrict its ability to sell those products in some markets.
Regulatory and legislative requirements affect the development, manufacture and distribution of Corteva’s products, including the testing and planting of seeds containing Corteva’s biotechnology traits and the import of crops grown from those seeds, and non-compliance can harm Corteva’s sales and profitability.
Seed products incorporating biotechnology derived traits and crop protection products must be extensively tested for safety, efficacy and environmental impact before they can be registered for production, use, sale or commercialization in a given market. In certain jurisdictions, Corteva must periodically renew its approvals for both biotechnology and crop protection products, which typically require Corteva to demonstrate compliance with then-current standards which generally are more stringent since the prior registration. The regulatory approvals process is lengthy, costly, complex and in some markets unpredictable, with requirements that can vary by product, technology, industry and country. The regulatory approvals process for products that incorporate novel modes of action or new technologies can be particularly unpredictable and uncertain due to the then-current state of regulatory guidelines and objectives, as well as governmental policy considerations and non- governmental organization and other stakeholder considerations. The uncertainty and increased length of regulatory approvals may reduce Corteva’s return on its research and development investments, and impede its ability to meet sales, profitability, or sustainability metrics.
Furthermore, the detection of biotechnology traits or chemical residues from a crop protection product not approved in the country in which Corteva sells or cultivates its product, or in a country to which Corteva imports its product, may affect Corteva’s ability to supply or export its products, or even result in crop destruction, product recalls or trade disruption, which could result in lawsuits and termination of licenses related to biotechnology traits and raw material supply agreements. Delays in obtaining regulatory approvals to import, including those related to the importation of crops grown from seeds containing certain traits or treated with specific chemicals, may influence the rate of adoption of new products in globally traded crops.
Additionally, the regulatory environment may be impacted by the activities of non-governmental organizations and special interest groups and stakeholder reaction to actual or perceived impacts of new and existing technology, products or processes on safety, health and the environment. Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals requires submitting a significant amount of information and data, which may require participation from technology providers. Regulatory standards and trial procedures are continuously changing. In addition, Corteva has seen an increase in recent years in the number of lawsuits filed by those who identify themselves as public or environmental interest groups seeking to invalidate pesticide product registrations and/or challenge the way federal or state governmental entities apply the rules and regulations governing pesticide produce use. The pace of change together with the lack of regulatory harmony could result in unintended noncompliance. Responding to these changes and meeting existing and new requirements may involve significant costs or capital expenditures or require changes in business practice that could result in reduced profitability. The failure to receive necessary permits or approvals could have near- and long-term effects on Corteva’s ability to produce and sell some current and future products.
The successful development and commercialization of Corteva's pipeline products will be necessary for Corteva's growth.
Corteva uses advanced breeding technologies to produce hybrids and varieties with superior performance in farmers’ fields and uses biotechnology to introduce traits that enhance specific characteristics of its crops. Corteva also uses advanced analytics, software tools, mobile communications and new planting and monitoring equipment to provide agronomic recommendations to growers. Additionally, Corteva conducts research into biological and chemical products to protect farmers’ crops from pests and diseases and enhance plant productivity.
New product concepts may be abandoned for many reasons, including greater anticipated development costs, technical difficulties, lack of efficacy, regulatory obstacles or inability to market under regulatory frameworks, competition, inability to prove the original concept, lack of demand and the need to divert focus, from time to time, to other initiatives with perceived opportunities for better returns. The processes of active ingredient development or discovery, breeding, biotechnology trait discovery and development and trait integration are lengthy, and a very small percentage of the chemicals, genes and germplasm Corteva tests is selected for commercialization. Furthermore, the length of time and the risk associated with the breeding and biotech pipelines are interlinked because both are required as a package for commercial success in markets where
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biotech traits are approved for growers, since seed hybrids and varieties could require modification to tolerate higher doses and/or new varieties of herbicides and pesticides as weeds and insects develop resistance. Commercial transitions to the company’s new technologies can take several years to complete, and weed and insect resistance may develop faster than Corteva can respond with new technologies or enhancements to existing technologies. In countries where biotech traits are not approved for widespread use, Corteva’s Seed sales depend on the quality of its germplasm. Even when initial commercialization efforts have been promising, there are no guarantees that anticipated levels of product acceptability within Corteva's markets will be achieved or that higher quality products will not be developed by Corteva's competitors in the future.
Speed in discovering, developing, protecting and responding to new technologies, including artificial intelligence and new technology-based distribution channels that accelerate Corteva’s product development timelines and could facilitate its ability to engage with customers and end users, and bringing related products to market is a significant competitive advantage. Commercial success frequently depends on being the first company to the market, and many of Corteva’s competitors are also making considerable investments in similar new biotechnology products, improved germplasm products, biological and chemical products and agronomic recommendation products.
The degree of public understanding and acceptance or perceived public acceptance of Corteva’s biotechnology and other agricultural products and technologies can affect Corteva’s sales and results of operations by affecting planting approvals, regulatory requirements and customer purchase decisions.
Concerns and claims regarding the safe use of seeds with biotechnology traits and crop protection products in general, and their potential impact on health and the environment reflect a growing trend in societal demands for increasing levels of product safety and environmental protection. These include concerns and claims that increased use of crop protection products, drift, inversion, volatilization and the use of biotechnology traits meant to reduce the resistance of weeds or pests to control by crop protection products, could increase or accelerate such resistance and otherwise negatively impact health and the environment. These and other concerns could manifest themselves in delays or failures in obtaining or retaining regulatory approvals, delayed product launches, lack of market acceptance, product discontinuation, litigation, continued pressure for and adoption of more stringent regulatory intervention, termination of raw material supply agreements, legal claims, preferred purchases and stockholder proposals. These and other concerns could also influence public perceptions, the viability or continued sales of certain of Corteva’s products, Corteva’s reputation and the cost to comply with regulations. As a result, such concerns could have a material adverse effect on Corteva’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Changes in agricultural and related policies of governments and international organizations may prove unfavorable.
In many markets there are various pressures to reduce government subsidies to farmers, which may inhibit the growth in these markets of products used in agriculture. In addition, government programs that create incentives for farmers, including those established by the U.S. Farm Bill, may be modified or discontinued. However, it is difficult to predict accurately whether, and if so when, such changes will occur. Corteva expects that the policies of governments and international organizations will continue to affect the planting choices made by growers as well as the income available to growers to purchase products used in agriculture and, accordingly, the operating results of the agriculture industry.
The costs of complying with evolving regulatory requirements could negatively impact Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Actual or alleged violations of environmental laws or permit requirements could result in restrictions or prohibitions on plant operations, substantial civil or criminal sanctions, as well as the assessment of strict liability and/or joint and several liability.
Corteva is subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations, rules and ordinances relating to pollution, protection of the environment, waste water discharges, the generation, storage, handling, transportation, treatment, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances and waste materials and the use of genetically modified seeds and crop protection active ingredients by growers.
Environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and standards, including those with respect to PFAS and other substances, expose Corteva to the risk of substantial costs and liabilities, including liabilities associated with Corteva’s business and the discontinued and divested businesses and operations of EIDP. As is typical for businesses like Corteva’s, soil and groundwater contamination has occurred in the past at certain sites and may be identified at other sites in the future. Disposal of waste from Corteva’s business at off-site locations also exposes it to potential remediation costs. Consistent with past practice,
these sites continue to be monitored, investigated and remediated for soil and groundwater contamination, as applicable.
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Costs and capital expenditures relating to environmental, health or safety matters are subject to evolving regulatory requirements and depend on the timing of the promulgation and enforcement of specific standards which impose the requirements. Moreover, changes in environmental regulations, including those related to climate change, could inhibit or interrupt Corteva’s operations, or require modifications to its facilities in the future. Accordingly, environmental, health or safety regulatory matters could result in significant unanticipated costs or liabilities, which may be materially higher than Corteva’s accruals.
Climate change and unpredictable seasonal and weather factors could impact Corteva’s sales and earnings.
The agriculture industry is subject to seasonal and weather factors, which can vary unpredictably from period to period. Weather factors can affect the presence of disease and pests on a regional basis and, accordingly, can positively or adversely affect the demand for crop protection products, including the mix of products used or the level of returns. The weather also can affect supply chains and the quality, volume and cost of seed produced for sale as well as demand and product mix. Seed yields can be higher or lower than planned, which could lead to higher inventory and related write-offs. Climate change may increase the frequency or intensity of extreme weather such as storms, floods, heat waves, droughts and other events that could affect the quality, volume and cost of seed produced for sale as well as demand and product mix. Climate change may also affect the availability and suitability of arable land and contribute to unpredictable shifts in the average growing season and types of crops produced.
Corteva’s business is subject to various competition and antitrust, rules and regulations around the world, and as the size of its business grows, scrutiny of its business by legislators and regulators in these areas may intensify.
In July 2021, the Biden administration issued an executive order promoting competition in the American economy. The order encouraged further examination and efforts by U.S. regulatory agencies to avoid market concentrations for agricultural inputs, that could challenge the survival of family farms. The executive order also directs the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture to take action to ensure that the intellectual property system, while still incentivizing innovation, does not also unnecessarily reduce competition in seed and other agricultural input markets beyond what is reasonably contemplated by the U.S. Patent Act and propose strategies for addressing those concerns across intellectual property, antitrust, and other relevant laws. While the ultimate impact of the executive order will depend on the actions ultimately resulting from the U.S. regulatory authorities, actions taken by such authorities may increase the regulation and regulatory costs associated with the agriculture industry in the future and restrict the company from pursuing certain growth opportunities, including mergers and acquisitions.
Scrutiny from regulators in the U.S. and abroad may intensify as Corteva’s business presence grows. This scrutiny and related investigations, even when not resulting in an enforcement action, may result in damage to a company’s reputation, significant defense expense, as well as become a distraction to management. Antitrust and competition enforcement actions, including the current FTC and related state attorney general lawsuits pending against Corteva, may result in regulators imposing fines, penalties, or restrictions on a company’s business practices in a manner that may significantly impact its results of operations.
Corteva participates in an industry that is highly competitive and has undergone consolidation, which could increase competitive pressures.
Corteva currently faces significant competition in the markets in which it operates. In most segments of the market, the number of products available to the grower is steadily increasing as new products are introduced. At the same time, certain products are coming off patent and are thus available to generic manufacturers for production and commercialization. Upon the loss or expiration of patent protection for one of Corteva’s products or of a product that Corteva licenses, or upon the “at- risk” launch (despite pending patent infringement litigation against the generic product) by a generic manufacturer of a generic version of one of Corteva’s patented products or of a product that Corteva licenses, Corteva can lose a major portion of revenues for that product, which can have a material adverse effect on Corteva’s business. Additionally, data analytic tools and web-based new direct purchase models offer increased transparency and comparability, which creates price pressures. Corteva cannot predict the pricing or promotional actions of its competitors. Aggressive marketing or pricing by Corteva’s competitors could adversely affect Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial conditions. As a result, Corteva continues to face significant competitive challenges.
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Corteva’s sales to its customers may be adversely affected should a company successfully establish an intermediary platform for the sale of Corteva’s products or otherwise position itself between Corteva and its customers.
Corteva services customers in part through the Pioneer direct sales channel in key agricultural geographies, including the United States. In addition, Corteva supplements this approach with strong retail channels, including distributors, agricultural cooperatives and dealers, and with digital and data solutions that assist farmer decision-making with a view to optimize their product selection and maximize their yield and profitability. While Corteva expects its indirect channels will extend its reach and increase exposure of its products to other potential customers, including smaller farmers or farmers in less concentrated areas, there can be no assurance that Corteva will be successful in this regard. If a competitor were to successfully establish an intermediary platform for distribution of Corteva’s products, it may disrupt Corteva’s distribution model and inhibit Corteva’s ability to provide a complete go-to-market strategy covering the direct, dealer and retail channels. In such a circumstance, Corteva’s sales may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Operations
Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected by disruptions in the global economy caused by geopolitical and military conflicts.
Military conflict or related geopolitical tensions and disputes including increased trade barriers or restrictions on global trade, could result in, among other things, cyberattacks, further supply disruptions, and changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, any of which may adversely affect our business and supply chains. Such geopolitical instability and uncertainty has negatively impacted our ability to sell to, ship products to, collect payments from, and support customers in certain regions. Logistics restrictions, including closures of air space and shipping ports, the reduction of the availability of farmable land, and the destruction of facilities could further increase these adverse impacts and negatively impact demand for our products in impacted regions. The global economy was negatively impacted by the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and we experienced shortages in materials, the inability to insure shipments, and increased costs for transportation, energy, and raw material and other inputs due in part to the negative impact of this conflict. Further escalation of the military conflict or related geopolitical tensions, including increased trade barriers or restrictions on global trade, could result in, among other things, cyberattacks, further supply disruptions, and changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, any of which may adversely affect our business and supply chains.
Similar or more severe disruptions, trade barriers, business risks, asset seizures, and volatility in foreign exchange and financial markets could occur if tensions or conflicts between China and Taiwan, or other countries, escalate, or if the United States would become a party to such a military conflict. Currently, a material portion of the company’s crop protection inputs are sourced directly or indirectly from China. While the company utilizes dual- or multi- source supply chains to minimize business disruptions, these strategies may not be adequate to address the scope of disruptions created by such a conflict. Further escalation or expansion of economic disruption or in the scope of global or regional conflicts could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Volatility in Corteva’s input costs, which include raw materials and production costs, could have a significant impact on Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
Corteva’s input costs are variable based on the costs associated with production or with raw materials Corteva uses. For example, Corteva’s production costs vary, especially on a seasonal basis where changes in weather influence supply and demand. In addition, Corteva’s manufacturing processes consume significant amounts of raw materials, the costs of which are subject to worldwide supply and demand as well as other factors beyond Corteva’s control. Corteva refers to these costs collectively as input costs. Significant variations in input costs affect Corteva’s operating results from period to period.
When possible, Corteva purchases raw materials through negotiated long-term contracts to minimize the impact of price fluctuations. Corteva also enters into over-the-counter and exchange traded derivative commodity instruments to hedge its exposure to price fluctuations on certain purchases. In addition, Corteva takes actions to offset the effects of higher input costs through selling price increases, productivity improvements and cost reduction programs. Success in offsetting higher input costs with price increases is largely influenced by competitive and economic conditions and could vary significantly depending on the market served. If Corteva is not able to fully offset the effects of higher input costs, it could have a significant impact on its financial results.
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Corteva’s operations outside the United States are subject to risks and restrictions, which could negatively affect Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
Corteva’s operations outside the United States are subject to risks and restrictions, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; inflation; exchange and price control regulations; corruption risks; competitive restrictions; changes in local political or economic conditions; import and trade restrictions; import or export licensing requirements and trade policy; and other potentially detrimental domestic and foreign governmental practices or policies affecting U.S. companies doing business abroad. In addition, Corteva’s international operations are sometimes in countries with unstable governments, economic or fiscal challenges, military or political conflicts, local epidemics or pandemics, significant levels of crime and organized crime, or developing legal systems. This may increase the risk to the company's employees, subcontractors or other parties, and to other liabilities, such as property loss or damage to the company's products, and may affect Corteva's ability to safely operate in, or import into, or receive raw materials from these countries.
Additionally, Corteva’s ability to export its products and its sales outside the United States has been, and may continue to be adversely affected by significant changes in trade, tax or other policies, including the risk that other countries may retaliate through the imposition of their own trade restrictions and/or increased tariffs in response to substantial changes to U.S. tariff, trade and tax policies, including those being evaluated by the Trump administration.
Although Corteva has operations throughout the world, Corteva’s sales outside the United States in 2024 were principally to customers in Brazil, Eurozone countries, and Canada. Further, Corteva’s largest currency exposures are the Brazilian real, Euro, Swiss franc, Canadian dollar and Argentine peso. Inflation, market uncertainty or an economic downturn in these geographic areas could reduce demand for Corteva’s products and result in decreased sales volume, which could have a negative impact on Corteva’s results of operations. In addition, changes in exchange rates may affect Corteva’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows in future periods. Corteva actively manages currency exposures that are associated with net monetary asset positions and committed purchases.
Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected by industrial espionage and other disruptions to its supply chain, information technology or network systems.
Business and/or supply chain disruptions, plant and/or power outages and information technology system and/or network disruptions, regardless of cause including acts of sabotage, employee error or other actions, geo-political activity, military conflict, local epidemics or pandemics, weather events and natural disasters could seriously harm Corteva’s operations as well as the operations of its customers and suppliers. For example, a pandemic in locations where Corteva has significant operations, sales, or key suppliers could have a material adverse effect on Corteva’s results of operations. In addition, terrorist attacks and natural disasters have increased stakeholder concerns about the security and safety of chemical production and distribution.
Business and/or supply chain disruptions may also be caused by security breaches, which could include, for example, ransomware attacks and attacks on information technology and infrastructure by hackers, viruses, breaches due to employee error or actions or other disruptions. Corteva and/or its suppliers may fail to effectively prevent, detect and recover from these or other security breaches and, as a consequence, such breaches could result in misuse of Corteva’s assets, business disruptions, loss of property including trade secrets and confidential business information, legal claims or proceedings, reporting errors, processing inefficiencies, negative media attention, loss of sales and interference with regulatory and data privacy compliance.
Like most major corporations, Corteva is the target of industrial espionage, including cyber-attacks, from time to time. Corteva has determined that these incidents have resulted, and could result in the future, in unauthorized parties gaining access to certain confidential business information. However, to date, Corteva has not experienced any material financial impact, changes in the competitive environment or impact on business operations from these events. Although management does not believe that Corteva has experienced any material losses to date related to industrial espionage and security breaches, including cybersecurity incidents, there can be no assurance that Corteva will not suffer such losses in the future.
Corteva actively manages the risks within its control that could lead to business disruptions and security breaches. As these threats continue to evolve, particularly around cybersecurity and artificial intelligence, Corteva may be required to expend significant resources to enhance its control environment, processes, practices and other protective measures. Despite these efforts, such events could also have a material adverse effect on Corteva’s business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation. Additionally, any losses from such an event may be excluded from, or in excess of the coverages provided by Corteva's insurance policies.
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Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected by environmental, litigation and other commitments and contingencies.
As a result of Corteva’s operations, including past operations and those related to divested businesses and discontinued operations of EIDP, Corteva incurs environmental operating costs for pollution abatement activities including waste collection and disposal, installation and maintenance of air pollution controls and wastewater treatment, emissions testing and monitoring and obtaining permits. Corteva also incurs environmental operating costs related to environmental related research and development activities including environmental field and treatment studies as well as toxicity and degradation testing to evaluate the environmental impact of products and raw materials. In addition, Corteva maintains and periodically reviews and adjusts its accruals for probable environmental remediation and restoration costs.
Corteva expects to continue to incur environmental operating costs since it will operate global manufacturing, product handling and distribution facilities that are subject to a broad array of environmental laws and regulations. These rules are subject to change by the implementing governmental agency, which Corteva monitors closely. Corteva’s environmental policy requires that its operations fully meet or exceed legal and regulatory requirements. In addition, Corteva expects to continue certain voluntary programs, and could consider additional voluntary actions, to reduce air emissions, minimize the generation of hazardous waste, decrease the volume of water use and discharges, increase the efficiency of energy use and reduce the generation of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic materials. Costs to comply with complex environmental laws and regulations, as well as internal voluntary programs and goals, are significant and Corteva expects these costs will continue to be significant for the foreseeable future. Over the long-term, such expenditures are subject to considerable uncertainty and could fluctuate significantly.
Corteva accrues for environmental matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. As remediation activities vary substantially in duration and cost from site to site, it is difficult to develop precise estimates of future site remediation costs. Corteva expects to base such estimates on several factors, including the complexity of the geology, the nature and extent of contamination, the type of remedy, the outcome of discussions with regulatory agencies and other Potentially Responsible Parties (“PRPs”) at multi-party sites and the number of, and financial viability of, other PRPs. Considerable uncertainty exists with respect to environmental remediation costs and, under adverse changes in circumstances, the potential liability may be materially higher than Corteva’s accruals.
Corteva faces risks arising from various unasserted and asserted litigation matters arising out of the normal course of its current and former business operations, including intellectual property, commercial, product liability, environmental and antitrust lawsuits. Corteva has noted a trend in public and private suits being filed on behalf of states, counties, cities and utilities alleging harm to the general public and the environment, including waterways and watersheds. Claims alleging harm to the public and the environment may be brought against Corteva, notwithstanding years of scientific evidence and regulatory determinations supporting the safety of crop protection products. The litigation involving Monsanto’s Roundup® non-selective glyphosate containing weedkiller products has resulted in negative publicity and sentiment and may lead to similar suits with respect to glyphosate-containing products and/or other established crop protection products. Claims and allegations that Corteva’s products or products that Corteva manufactures or markets on behalf of third parties are not safe could result in litigation, damage to Corteva’s reputation and have a material adverse effect on Corteva’s business. It is not possible to predict the outcome of these various proceedings and any potential impact on Corteva. An adverse outcome in any one or more of these matters may result in losses not fully covered by Corteva's insurance policies, and could be material to Corteva's financial results. Various factors or developments can lead to changes in current estimates of liabilities. Such factors and developments may include, but are not limited to, additional data, safety or risk assessments, as well as a final adverse judgment, significant settlement or changes in applicable law. A future adverse ruling or unfavorable development could result in future charges that could have a material adverse effect on Corteva.
The company, pursuant to the respective Separation Agreements, is entitled to cost sharing and indemnification from Chemours, Dow and DuPont, as applicable, for certain litigation, environmental, workers’ compensation and other liabilities related to its historical operations. In connection with the recognition of liabilities related to these matters, Corteva records an indemnification asset when recovery is deemed probable. These estimates of recovery are subject to various factors and developments that could result in differences from future estimates or the actual recovery. As of December 31, 2024, the indemnification assets pursuant to the Chemours Separation Agreement and the Corteva Separation Agreement are in aggregate $90 million within accounts and notes receivable - net and $423 million within other assets in the company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any failure by, or inability to pay, these liabilities in line with the indemnification provisions of the Separation Agreements may have a material adverse effect on Corteva and its financial condition and results of operations.
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In the ordinary course of business, Corteva may make certain commitments, including representations, warranties and indemnities relating to current and past operations, including those related to divested businesses and issue guarantees of third-party obligations. If Corteva were required to make payments as a result, they could exceed the amounts accrued, thereby adversely affecting Corteva’s financial condition and results of operations.
Corteva is dependent on its relationships or contracts with third parties with respect to certain of its raw materials or licenses and commercialization.
Corteva is dependent on third parties in the research, development and commercialization of its products and enters into transactions including, but not limited to, supply agreements, licensing agreements, and manufacturing agreements in connection with Corteva’s business. The majority of Corteva’s corn hybrids and soybean varieties sold to customers contain biotechnology traits that Corteva licenses from third parties under long-term licenses. If Corteva loses its rights under such licenses, it could negatively impact Corteva’s ability to obtain future licenses on competitive terms, commercialize new products and generate sales from existing products. Corteva may elect to out-license its technology, including germplasm. There can be no guarantee that such out-licensing will not ultimately strengthen Corteva’s competition thereby adversely impacting Corteva’s results of operations.
While Corteva relies heavily on third parties for multiple aspects of its business and commercialization activities, Corteva does not control many aspects of such third parties’ activities. Third parties may not complete activities on schedule or in accordance with Corteva’s expectations. Failure by one or more of these third parties to meet their contractual or other obligations to Corteva or to comply with applicable laws or regulations, or any disruption in the relationship between Corteva and one or more of these third parties could delay or prevent the development, approval or commercialization of Corteva’s products and could also result in non-compliance or reputational harm, all with potential negative implications for Corteva’s business.
In addition, Corteva’s agreements with third parties may obligate it to meet certain contractual or other obligations to third parties. For example, Corteva may be obligated to meet certain thresholds or abide by certain boundary conditions. If Corteva were to fail to meet such obligations to the third parties, its relationship with such third parties may be disrupted. Such a disruption could negatively impact certain of Corteva’s licenses on which it depends, could cause reputational harm, and could negatively affect Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
Corteva’s customers may be unable to pay their debts to Corteva, which could adversely affect Corteva’s results.
Corteva offers its customers financing programs with credit terms generally less than one year from invoicing in alignment with the growing season. Due to these credit practices as well as the seasonality of Corteva’s operations, Corteva may need to issue short-term debt at certain times of the year to fund its cash flow requirements. Corteva’s customers may be exposed to a variety of conditions that could adversely affect their ability to pay their debts. For example, customers in economies experiencing an economic downturn or in a region experiencing adverse growing conditions may be unable to repay their obligations to Corteva, which could adversely affect Corteva’s results.
Failure to effectively manage acquisitions, divestitures, strategic investments, restructurings, cost savings initiatives and other portfolio actions may not have the results anticipated.
From time-to-time, Corteva evaluates acquisition candidates that may strategically fit Corteva’s business and/or growth objectives, along with making investments in strategic technologies through its Corteva Catalyst platform. If Corteva is unable to successfully integrate and develop acquired businesses, including its growth in biologicals, Corteva could fail to achieve expected increases in revenues and operating results, as well as anticipated investment returns, synergies and cost savings, which could have a material adverse effect on Corteva’s financial results. Corteva continually reviews its portfolio of assets for contributions to its objectives and alignment with its strategy. However, Corteva may not be successful in separating underperforming or non-strategic assets and gains or losses on the divestiture of, or lost operating income from, such assets, which may affect Corteva’s earnings. Moreover, Corteva might incur asset impairment charges related to acquisitions or divestitures that reduce its earnings. In addition, if the execution of these transactions, investments, or portfolio actions is not successful, it could adversely impact Corteva’s financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
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Corteva’s liquidity, business, results of operations and financial condition could be impaired if it is unable to raise capital through the capital markets or short-term debt borrowings.
Any limitation on Corteva’s ability to raise money in the capital markets or through short-term debt borrowings could have a substantial negative effect on Corteva’s liquidity. Corteva’s ability to affordably access the capital markets and/or borrow short- term debt in amounts adequate to finance its activities could be impaired as a result of a variety of factors, including factors that are not specific to Corteva, such as a severe disruption of the financial markets and, in the case of debt securities or borrowings, interest rate fluctuations. Due to the seasonality of Corteva’s business and the credit programs Corteva may offer its customers, net working capital investment and corresponding debt levels will fluctuate over the course of the year.
Corteva regularly extends credit to its customers to enable them to purchase Seed or Crop Protection products at the beginning of the growing season. The customer receivables may be used as collateral for short-term financing programs. Any material adverse effect upon Corteva’s ability to own or sell such customer receivables, including seasonal factors that may impact the amount of customer receivables Corteva owns, may materially impact Corteva’s access to capital.
Corteva has additional agreements with financial institutions to establish programs that provide financing for select customers of Corteva’s Seed and Crop Protection products in the United States, Latin America, Europe and Asia. The programs are renewed on an annual basis. In most cases, Corteva guarantees the extension of such credit to such customers. If Corteva is unable to renew these agreements or access the debt markets to support customer financing, Corteva’s sales may be negatively impacted, which could result in increased borrowing needs to fund working capital.
Corteva’s earnings, operations and business, among other things, will impact its credit ratings, costs and availability of financing. There can be no assurance that Corteva or EIDP will maintain its current or prospective credit ratings. A decrease in the ratings assigned to Corteva or EIDP by the ratings agencies may negatively impact Corteva’s liquidity, access to the debt capital markets and increase Corteva’s cost of borrowing and the financing of its seasonal working capital.
Increases in pension and other post-employment benefit plan funding obligations may adversely affect Corteva’s results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.
Through Corteva's ownership of EIDP, Corteva maintains EIDP defined benefit pension and other post-employment benefit plans. For some of these plans, including EIDP’s principal U.S. pension plan, Corteva continues as sponsor for the entire plan regardless of whether participants, including retirees, are or were associated with EIDP’s agriculture business. Corteva uses many assumptions in calculating its expected future payment obligations under these plans. Significant adverse changes in credit or market conditions could result in actual rates of returns on pension investments being lower than assumed. In addition, expected future payment obligations may be adversely impacted by changes in assumptions regarding participants, including retirees. In 2025, Corteva expects to contribute approximately $40 million to its pension plans other than the principal U.S. pension plan, and about $105 million for its other post-employment benefit ("OPEB") plans. While not anticipated for 2025, Corteva may make discretionary contributions to the principal U.S. pension plan. Corteva, furthermore, may be required to make significant contributions to its pension plans in the future, which could adversely affect Corteva’s results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.
Global or regional health pandemics or epidemics could negatively impact the company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Corteva's business, financial condition, and results of operations could be negatively impacted by human or animal pandemics or epidemics. The severity, magnitude and duration of the pandemics is uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict. Future pandemics or epidemics and resulting illness, travel restrictions and workforce and operational disruptions could impact Corteva's global supply chain, its operations and its routes to market or those of its suppliers, co-manufacturers, or customers/distributors. These disruptions or the company's failure to effectively respond to them could increase product or distribution costs, alter the timing of recognizing manufacturing costs, or impact the delivery of products to customers or their ability to pay.
Government-pandemic or epidemic responses can significantly impact economic activity and markets around the world. Future outbreaks or pandemics could negatively impact customer demand and the company's business, financial condition, and results of operations in numerous ways, including but not limited to increased market volatility that impacts the company's hedging,
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financial forecasting, and liquidity, including its access to capital markets and delays or modifications to the company's strategic plans and productivity initiatives.
EIDP has identified a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting, which could negatively impact the accurate and timely reporting of its results of operations and financial condition.
As described in the EIDP Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting within this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the management of EIDP identified a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting with respect to the appropriate classification of the cash flows covering intercompany activities with Corteva, Inc., which resulted in the restatement of EIDP’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows within its financial statements for the year ending 2023 and a material misclassification of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three subsequent quarters in 2024. While EIDP has developed a remediation plan, it will not be able to conclude whether the remediation of the material weakness was successful until sufficient time has passed to allow management to test the design and operational effectiveness of its enhanced controls. Not fully remediating the material weakness or identifying additional control weaknesses, could result in additional accounting errors or reporting delays that may negatively impact a company’s reputation or reduce its stock price.
Sentiment towards sustainability matters could adversely affect our stock price, results of operations, and access to capital.
Corteva has established certain strategies, commitments and initiatives as part of its sustainability programs. Execution of these strategies and the achievements of Corteva’s sustainability commitments are subject to certain risk and uncertainties, including regulatory action or inaction, changes in public or investor sentiment, and resource availability, many of which are out of its control. Failure to achieve its sustainability commitments within the expected timeframes and cost effectively could damage Corteva’s reputation, customer and investor relationships, or its access to financing. Further, dissatisfaction with such a failure could cause stockholders to reduce their ownership holdings, all of which, in turn could adversely affect Corteva’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and reduce its stock price.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
Enforcing Corteva’s intellectual property rights, or defending against intellectual property claims asserted by others, could materially affect Corteva’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
Intellectual property rights, including patents, plant variety protection, trade secrets, confidential information, trademarks, trade names and other forms of trade dress, are important to Corteva’s business. Corteva endeavors to protect its intellectual property rights in jurisdictions in which its products are produced or used and in jurisdictions into which its products are imported. However, Corteva may be unable to obtain protection for its intellectual property in key jurisdictions. Further, changes in government policies and regulations, including changes made in reaction to pressure from non-governmental organizations, or the public generally, could impact the extent of intellectual property protection afforded by such jurisdictions.
Competitors are increasingly challenging intellectual property positions and the outcomes to these challenges, including those with Inari and Bayer, can be highly uncertain and negatively impact the value of Corteva's intellectual property and investment return on its research and development. Additionally, Corteva has been subject to claims that its products violate third party intellectual property rights. Defending such claims, even those without merit, could be time-consuming and expensive. In addition, any such claim could result in Corteva’s having to enter into, or continue, license agreements, develop non-infringing products or engage in litigation that could be costly. If challenges are resolved adversely, it could negatively impact Corteva’s ability to obtain licenses on competitive terms, develop and commercialize new products, generate sales from existing products or reduce its reliance on licensed technologies.
Corteva has designed and implemented internal controls to restrict use of, access to and distribution of its intellectual property. Despite these precautions, Corteva’s intellectual property is vulnerable to infringement, misappropriation and other unauthorized access, including through employee or licensee error or actions, theft and cybersecurity incidents, and other security breaches. When unauthorized access and use or counterfeit products are discovered, Corteva may report such situations to governmental authorities for investigation, as appropriate, and takes measures to mitigate any potential impact. Protecting intellectual property related to biotechnology is particularly challenging because theft is difficult to detect and biotechnology can be self-replicating.
Part I
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS, continued
In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change, the confidentiality of patent applications in some jurisdictions and/or the uncertainty in predicting the outcome of complex proceedings relating to ownership and the scope of patents relating to certain emerging technologies, competitors may be issued patents related to Corteva’s business unexpectedly. These patents could reduce the value of Corteva’s commercial or pipeline products or, to the extent they cover key technologies on which Corteva has relied, require Corteva to seek to obtain licenses (and Corteva cannot ensure it would be able to obtain such a license on acceptable terms) or cease using the technology, no matter how valuable to Corteva’s business.
Legislation and jurisprudence on patent protection is evolving and changes in laws could affect Corteva’s ability to obtain or maintain patent protection for, and otherwise enforce Corteva’s patents related to, its products.
Corteva’s business may be adversely affected by the availability of counterfeit products.
A counterfeit product is one that has been deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled as to its identity and source. A counterfeit Corteva product, therefore, is one manufactured by someone other than Corteva, but which appears to be the same as an authentic Corteva product. The prevalence of counterfeit products is a significant and growing industry-wide issue due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the following: the widespread use of the Internet, which has greatly facilitated the ease by which counterfeit products can be advertised, purchased and delivered to individual consumers; the availability of sophisticated technology that makes it easier for counterfeiters to make counterfeit products; and the relatively modest risk of penalties faced by counterfeiters compared to the large profits that can be earned by them from the sale of counterfeit products. Further, laws against counterfeiting vary greatly from country to country, and the enforcement of existing laws varies greatly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, in some countries, counterfeiting is not a crime; in others, it may result in only minimal sanctions. In addition, those involved in the distribution of counterfeit products use complex transport routes to evade customs controls by disguising the true source of their products.
Corteva’s global reputation makes its products prime targets for counterfeiting organizations. Counterfeit products pose a risk to consumer health and safety because of the conditions under which they are manufactured (often in unregulated, unlicensed, uninspected and unsanitary sites) as well as the lack of regulation of their contents. Failure to mitigate the threat of counterfeit products, which is exacerbated by the complexity of the supply chain, could adversely impact Corteva’s business by, among other things, causing the loss of consumer confidence in Corteva’s name and in the integrity of its products, potentially resulting in lost sales and an increased threat of litigation.
Corteva undertakes significant efforts to counteract the threats associated with counterfeit products, including, among other things, working with regulatory authorities and multinational coalitions to combat the counterfeiting of products and supporting efforts by law enforcement authorities to prosecute counterfeiters; assessing new and existing technologies to seek to make it more difficult for counterfeiters to copy Corteva’s products and easier for consumers to distinguish authentic from counterfeit products; working diligently to raise public awareness about the dangers of counterfeit products; working collaboratively with wholesalers, customs offices and law enforcement agencies to increase inspection coverage, monitor distribution channels and improve surveillance of distributors; and working with other members of an international trade association of agrochemical companies to promote initiatives to combat counterfeiting activity. No assurance can be given, however, that Corteva’s efforts and the efforts of others will be entirely successful, and the presence of counterfeit products may continue to increase.
Restrictions under the intellectual property cross-license agreements limit Corteva’s ability to develop and commercialize certain products and services and/or prosecute, maintain and enforce certain intellectual property.
The company is dependent to a certain extent on DuPont and Dow to maintain and enforce certain of the intellectual property licensed under the Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreements. For example, DuPont and Dow are responsible for filing, prosecuting and maintaining (at their respective discretion) patents on trade secrets and know-how that they each respectively license to Corteva. They also have the first right to enforce their respective trade secrets and know-how licensed to Corteva. If DuPont or Dow, as applicable, fails to fulfill its obligations or chooses to not enforce the licensed patents, trade secrets or know-how under the Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreements, the company may not be able to prevent competitors from making, using and selling competitive products and services.
In addition, Corteva’s use of the intellectual property licensed to it under the Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreements is restricted to certain fields, which could limit Corteva’s ability to develop and commercialize certain products and services. For example, the licenses granted to Corteva under the agreement will not extend to all fields of use that the company may decide to enter into in the future. These restrictions may make it more difficult, time consuming and/or expensive for Corteva to develop
Part I
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS, continued
and commercialize certain new products and services, or may result in certain of its products or services being later to market than those of its competitors.
Risks Related to The Separation
In connection with the Separation the company has assumed, and agreed to indemnify DuPont and Dow for, certain liabilities. If the company is required to make payments pursuant to these indemnities, the company may need to divert cash to meet those obligations and its financial results could be negatively impacted. In addition, DuPont and Dow have agreed to indemnify Corteva for certain liabilities. These indemnities may not be sufficient to insure the company against the full amount of liabilities it incurs, and DuPont and/or Dow, and/or their historical separated businesses, may not be able to satisfy their indemnification obligations in the future.
Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement and the Tax Matters Agreement with DuPont and Dow, the company agreed to assume, and indemnify DuPont and Dow for, certain liabilities for uncapped amounts, which may include, among other items, associated defense costs, settlement amounts and judgments, as discussed further in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Part I - Item 3 - Legal Proceedings. Payments pursuant to these indemnities may be significant and could negatively impact the company’s business, particularly indemnities relating to certain litigation for Historical DuPont operations or its actions that could impact the tax-free nature of the Corteva Distribution. Third parties could also seek to hold the company responsible for any of the liabilities allocated to DuPont and Dow, including those related to DowDuPont’s specialty products and/or materials science businesses, respectively, and those related to discontinued and/or divested businesses and operations of Historical Dow, which have been allocated to Dow. DuPont and/or Dow, as applicable, have agreed to indemnify Corteva for such liabilities, but such indemnities may not be sufficient to protect the company against the full amount of such liabilities. In addition, DuPont and/or Dow, as applicable, may not fully satisfy their indemnification obligations with respect to the liabilities the company incurs. Even if the company ultimately succeeds in recovering from DuPont and/or Dow, as applicable, any amounts for which the company is held liable, the company may be temporarily required to bear these losses itself.
Additionally, the company generally has assumed and is responsible for the payment of its share of (i) certain liabilities of DowDuPont relating to, arising out of or resulting from certain general corporate matters of DowDuPont, (ii) certain liabilities of Historical DuPont relating to, arising out of or resulting from general corporate matters of Historical DuPont and discontinued and/or divested businesses and operations of Historical DuPont, including its spin-off of Chemours, and (iii) certain separation expenses not otherwise allocated to DuPont or Dow (or allocated specifically to Corteva) pursuant to the Corteva Separation Agreement, and third parties could seek to hold Corteva responsible for DuPont’s or Dow’s share of any such liabilities. For more information, see Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Part I - Item 3 - Legal Proceedings. DuPont and/or Dow, as applicable, will indemnify Corteva for their share of any such liabilities; however, such indemnities may not be sufficient to protect Corteva against the full amount of such liabilities, and/or DuPont and/or Dow may not fully satisfy their respective indemnification obligations. In addition, even if the company ultimately succeeds in recovering from DuPont and/or Dow any amounts for which the company is held liable in excess of its agreed share, the company may be temporarily required to bear these losses itself and may not be able to fully insure itself to cover these risks.
Risks related to the satisfaction of these indemnification obligations and temporarily bearing losses may be increased if DuPont completes the announced spin-off of its electronics business or if other divested businesses of Historical DuPont or Historical Dow do not or are unable to cover their liabilities or satisfy their indemnification obligations. Even if Corteva takes legal action to protect its rights with respect to such a transaction, these legal costs may be significant. Each of the above risks could materially affect the company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
DuPont is currently disputing with Corteva certain provisions of the Separation Agreement and Tax Matters Agreement.
As discussed further in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Corteva is engaging in a dispute resolution process with DuPont related to tax indemnification liabilities and the classification of potential liabilities from certain non-PFAS related disputes. Additional disputes between DuPont and Corteva may arise in the future. If these disputes are not resolved favorably for Corteva, there could be significant impacts to the current carrying value of its indemnification liabilities and cost sharing obligation under the Separation Agreement and the Tax Matters Agreement.
Part I
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS, continued
The Separation and related transactions may expose Corteva to potential liabilities arising out of state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws
Although the company received a solvency opinion from an investment bank confirming that the company and DuPont were each adequately capitalized following the Corteva Distribution, the Separation could be challenged under various state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws. In connection with fraudulent conveyances or transfers are generally defined to include transfers made or obligations incurred with the actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud current or future creditors or transfers made or obligations incurred for less than reasonably equivalent value when the debtor was insolvent, or that rendered the debtor insolvent, inadequately capitalized or unable to pay its debts as they become due. Any unpaid creditor could claim that DuPont did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value in the Separation and Corteva Distribution, and that the Separation and Corteva Distribution left DuPont insolvent or with unreasonably small capital or that DuPont intended or believed it would incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they matured. Additionally, under its indemnity provisions of the Separation Agreement, the company could find its liabilities increased as a result of a court concluding that Historical DuPont, Historical Dow or DowDuPont executed a fraudulent conveyance in connection with divestitures and spin-offs of any one of their historical operations, including Chemours. If a court were to agree with such a plaintiff, then such court could void the Separation and Distribution as a fraudulent transfer or impose substantial liabilities on Corteva, which could materially adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations. Among other things, the court could return some of Corteva’s assets or shares of Corteva common stock to DuPont, provide DuPont with a claim for money damages against Corteva in an amount equal to the difference between the consideration received by DuPont and the fair market value of Corteva at the time of the Corteva Distribution, or require Corteva to fund liabilities of other companies involved in the Internal Reorganization for the benefit of creditors.
The Distribution is also subject to review under state corporate Distribution statutes. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), a corporation may only pay dividends to its stockholders either (i) out of its surplus (net assets minus capital) or (ii) if there is no such surplus, out of its net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year. Although the Distribution was made out of DowDuPont’s surplus and the company received an opinion that DowDuPont has adequate surplus under Delaware law to declare the dividend of Corteva common stock in connection with the Corteva Distribution, there can be no assurance that a court will not later determine that some or all of the Corteva Distribution was unlawful.
The company is subject to continuing contingent tax-related liabilities of DowDuPont following the Distribution.
There are several significant areas where the liabilities of DowDuPont may become Corteva’s obligations either in whole or in part. For example, under the Code and the related rules and regulations, each corporation that was a member of DowDuPont’s consolidated tax reporting group during any taxable period or portion of any taxable period ending on or before the effective time of the Distribution is jointly and severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of the entire consolidated tax reporting group for such taxable period. Additionally, to the extent that any subsidiary of Corteva was included in the consolidated tax reporting group of either Historical DuPont or Historical Dow for any taxable period or portion of any taxable period ending on or before the effective date of the Merger, such subsidiary is jointly and severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of the entire consolidated tax reporting group of Historical DuPont or Historical Dow, as applicable, for such taxable period. On April 1, 2019, the company entered into the Tax Matters Agreement with DuPont and Dow that allocates the responsibility for prior period consolidated taxes among Corteva, DuPont and Dow. If DuPont or Dow were unable or unwilling to pay any prior period taxes for which it is responsible, however, the company could be required to pay the entire amount of such taxes, and such amounts could be significant. Other provisions of federal, state, local, or foreign law may establish similar liability for other matters, including laws governing tax-qualified pension plans, as well as other contingent liabilities.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The company operates out of its headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana. It also maintains a global business center in Johnston, Iowa, for its Seed business. Its manufacturing, processing, marketing and research and development facilities, as well as regional purchasing offices and distribution centers, are located throughout the world. The company has 96 production sites in the following geographic regions:
Number of Sites
Crop Protection Seed Total
North America1
7 40 47
EMEA2
8 12 20
Latin America 13 8 21
Asia Pacific 5 3 8
Total 33 63 96
1. North America consists of U.S. & Canada.
2. Europe, Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA").
The company's principal sites include facilities which, in the opinion of management, are suitable and adequate for their use and have sufficient capacity for the company's current needs and expected near-term growth. Properties are primarily owned by the company; however, certain properties are leased. No title examination of the properties has been made for the purpose of this report and certain properties are shared with other tenants under long-term leases.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The company is subject to various legal proceedings, including, but not limited to, product liability, intellectual property, antitrust, commercial, property damage, personal injury, environmental and regulatory inquiries and matters arising out of the normal course of its current businesses or legacy EIDP businesses unrelated to Corteva’s current businesses but allocated to Corteva as part of the Separation of Corteva from DuPont.
Often these proceedings raise complex factual and legal issues, which are subject to risks and uncertainties and which could require significant amounts of senior leadership team’s time. Litigation and other claims, along with regulatory proceedings, against the company could also have a material adverse effect on its operations, reputation, and/or result in the incurrence of unexpected expenses and liability. Even when the company believes liabilities are not expected to be material or the probability of loss or of an adverse unappealable final judgment is remote, the company may consider settlement of these matters, and may enter into settlement agreements, if it believes settlement is in the best interest of the company, including avoidance of future distraction and litigation defense cost, and its shareholders. Information regarding certain of these matters is set forth below and in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Litigation related to Corteva’s current businesses
Inari Disputes
On September 27, 2023, Corteva filed a lawsuit in Delaware federal court against Inari Agriculture, Inc. and Inari Agriculture. N.V. (collectively “Inari”) asserting claims of Plant Variety Protection infringement, indirect patent infringement, breach of contract, and civil conversion. Corteva’s lawsuit alleges Inari illegally obtained various varieties of seed technologies from a seed depository and illegally transported them abroad for the purpose of performing gene editing on the technologies and then
Part I
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, continued
filing a patent for such technologies. In August 2024, the court denied Inari's motion to dismiss the complaint. In September 2024, Corteva amended its complaint to include additional infringement claims with respect to soybean and corn technologies.
Bayer Disputes
In August 2022, Corteva filed a lawsuit against Bayer CropScience LLP and Monsanto Company (collectively “Bayer”) in federal court in Delaware for alleged infringement of Corteva’s patented AAD-1 herbicide resistance technology used in Enlist® corn. The complaint for this lawsuit was amended to include additional patents that are closely related to this patented technology for soybeans. Corteva seeks to enjoin Bayer from continuing to infringe, as well as appropriate monetary damages. Bayer has filed an answer to the complaint and has asserted various affirmative defenses including invalidity. In August 2023, the court issued a decision adopting Corteva’s claim construction for all five disputed patent terms subject to this litigation.
In December 2023, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board ("PTAB") authorized an Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) proceeding initiated by Bayer to review the patentability of three patents subject to the AAD-1 litigation. Inari joined the IPR proceeding. In December 2024, the PTAB issued a decision invalidating these patents on the basis they were unpatentable. Corteva intends to appeal this decision and Corteva's AAD-1 lawsuit remains stayed during pendency of the IPR appeal. Corteva holds numerous additional patents covering its Enlist® traits or Enlist® weed control system. Therefore, the IPR process is not expected to impact our ability to license and protect Enlist E3® traits.
In October 2023, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted an ex parte reexamination of the patent for AAD-1 herbicide resistance technology used in Enlist® corn based upon Inari’s petition for review. Inari alleges the AAD-1 patent is not patentably distinct from another Corteva patent for maize technology, and therefore not valid unless Corteva files a terminal disclaimer giving up its patent term adjustment for the AAD-1 technology, which would result in the AAD-1 patent expiring in May 2025.
In August 2022, Bayer filed breach of contract/declaratory judgment lawsuit in Delaware state court against Corteva relating to an agrobacterium cross-license agreement and E3® soybeans. Further information with respect to these proceedings is set forth under “Bayer Dispute” in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In October 2022, Corteva filed a lawsuit against Bayer in Delaware state court seeking a declaration that, under the terms of Corteva’s licensing agreement and the law, Bayer is not entitled to collect patent royalties on the Roundup Ready® Corn 2 trait after Bayer’s U.S. patent protection expires, and therefore is no longer required to pay royalties under the licensing agreement and entitled to recover relevant royalties paid. In September 2024, the court granted Bayer’s motion for summary judgment. Corteva filed its appeal of this decision in October 2024. Discussions continue between Bayer and Corteva to seek a resolution to these disputes.
Other Matters
Further information with respect to litigation matters related to Corteva's current business is set forth under "Federal Trade Commission Investigation" and "Lorsban® Lawsuits" in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Litigation related to legacy EIDP businesses unrelated to Corteva’s current businesses
As discussed below and in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, certain of the environmental proceedings and litigation allocated to Corteva as part of the Separation from DuPont relate to the legacy EIDP businesses, including their use of PFOA, which, for purposes of this report, means collectively perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts, including the ammonium salt and does not distinguish between the two forms, and PFAS, which means per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, including PFOA, PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), GenX and other perfluorinated chemicals and compounds ("PFCs"). This litigation includes multiple natural resource damage lawsuits across the United States filed by municipalities and alleging PFOA contamination, as well as, lawsuits by four municipalities in the Netherlands alleging contamination of land and groundwater resulting from the emission of PFOA and GenX by Corteva, DuPont and Chemours.
In addition to the matters set forth in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on March 25, 2019, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (“NJDEP”) issued a Statewide PFAS Directive to several companies, including Chemours, DuPont, and EIDP. The Directive seeks information relating to the use and environmental release of PFAS and PFAS-replacement chemicals at and from two former EIDP sites in New Jersey, Chambers Works and Parlin, and a funding source for costs related to the NJDEP’s investigation of PFAS issues and PFAS testing and remediation.
Part I
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, continued
Other Environmental Proceedings
The company believes it is remote that the following matters will have a material impact on its financial position, liquidity or results of operations. The matters below involve the potential for $1 million or more in monetary fines and are included per Item 103(3)(c)(iii) of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Related to Corteva’s current businesses
Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, AltEn Facility
The EPA and the Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy (“NDEE”) are pursuing investigations, response and removal actions, litigation and enforcement action related to an ethanol plant located near Mead, Nebraska and owned and operated by AltEn LLC (“AltEn”). Corteva is one of six seed companies, who were customers of AltEn (collectively, the "Facility Response Group"), participating in the NDEE’s Voluntary Cleanup Program to address certain interim remediation needs at the site. Further information with respect to these proceedings is set forth under “Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, AltEn Facility” in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Related to legacy EIDP businesses unrelated to Corteva’s current businesses
Divested Neoprene Facility, La Place, Louisiana - EPA Compliance Inspection
In 2016, the EPA conducted a focused compliance investigation at the Denka Performance Elastomer LLC (“Denka”) neoprene manufacturing facility in La Place, Louisiana. EIDP sold the neoprene business, including this manufacturing facility, to Denka in the fourth quarter of 2015. In the spring of 2017, the EPA, the DOJ, the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, EIDP and Denka began discussions relating to the inspection conclusions and allegations of noncompliance arising under the Clean Air Act, including leak detection and repair. These discussions, which include potential settlement options, continue. Under the Separation Agreement, DuPont is defending and indemnifying the company in this matter.
New Jersey Directive Pompton Lakes
On March 27, 2019, the NJDEP issued to Chemours and EIDP a Natural Resource Damages Directive relating to chemical contamination (non-PFAS) at and around EIDP’s former Pompton Lakes facility in New Jersey. The Directive alleges that this contamination has harmed the natural resources of New Jersey. It seeks $125,000 as reimbursement for the cost of preparing a natural resource damages assessment, which the State will use to determine the extent of such damage and the amount it expects to seek to restore the affected natural resources to their pre-damage state.
EPA CERCLA Claim
In April 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") also designated PFOA and PFAS as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA"). In November 2024, the EPA issued a letter to DuPont, EIDP and Corteva asserting CERCLA claims related to alleged PFAS contamination from six historical and present DuPont and Chemours sites and providing a demand for cleanup and restoration costs. In February 2025, discussions between the parties regarding these claims were temporarily paused so the new U.S. presidential administration may review the designation of PFOA and PFOS as CERCLA hazardous substances.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Part II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The company's common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (symbol: CTVA). The number of record holders of common stock was approximately 60,000 at February 7, 2025.
During 2024 and 2023, the company paid four quarterly dividends on its common stock. See the below table for dividend information for each quarter during 2024 and 2023.
2024 2023
Fourth Quarter $ 0.17 $ 0.16
Third Quarter 0.17 0.16
Second Quarter 0.16 0.15
First Quarter 0.16 0.15
Total $ 0.66 $ 0.62
See Part III, Item 11. Executive Compensation for information relating to the company’s equity compensation plans.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table summarizes information with respect to the company's purchase of its common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2024:
Month Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Company's Publicly Announced Share Buyback Program1
Approximate Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program1
(Dollars in millions)
October 2024 1,947,630 $ 58.73 1,947,630 $ 636
November 2024 2,122,899 63.89 2,122,899 3,500
December 2024 - - - 3,500
Fourth quarter 2024 4,070,529 $ 61.42 4,070,529 $ 3,500
1.On November 19, 2024 and September 13, 2022, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $3 billion share repurchase program and $2 billion share repurchase program, respectively, to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date. The timing, price and volume of purchases will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors.
Part II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, continued
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph illustrates the cumulative total return to Corteva stockholders since December 31, 2019. The chart compares the cumulative total return of Corteva’s common stock with the S&P 500 Stock Index and the S&P 500 Chemicals Index.
12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023 12/31/2024
Corteva $ 100 $ 133 $ 165 $ 207 $ 171 $ 205
S&P 500 Index $ 100 $ 118 $ 152 $ 125 $ 157 $ 197
S&P 500 Chemicals Index $ 100 $ 115 $ 143 $ 124 $ 135 $ 132
The chart depicts a hypothetical $100 investment in each of Corteva common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Chemicals Index as of the closing price on December 31, 2019 and illustrates the value of each investment over time (assuming the reinvestment of dividends) until December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
Not applicable.
Part II

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains certain estimates and forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “projects,” “estimates,” “outlook,” or other words of similar meaning. All statements that address expectations or projections about the future, including statements about the company’s financial results or outlook; strategy for growth; product development; regulatory approvals; market position; capital allocation strategy; liquidity; sustainability commitments and strategies; the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, restructuring actions, or cost savings initiatives; and the outcome of contingencies, such as litigation and environmental matters, are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements and other estimates are based on certain assumptions and expectations of future events which may not be accurate or realized. Forward-looking statements and other estimates also involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the company's control. While the list of factors presented below is considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles to the realization of forward-looking statements. Consequences of material differences in results as compared with those anticipated in the forward-looking statements could include, among other things, business disruption, operational problems, financial loss, legal liability to third parties and similar risks, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the company's business, results of operations and financial condition. Some of the important factors that could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from those projected in any such forward-looking statements include: (i) failure to obtain or maintain the necessary regulatory approvals for some of the company's products; (ii) failure to successfully develop and commercialize the company's pipeline; (iii) effect of the degree of public understanding and acceptance or perceived public acceptance of the company's biotechnology and other agricultural products; (iv) effect of changes in agricultural and related policies of governments and international organizations; (v) costs of complying with evolving regulatory requirements and the effect of actual or alleged violations of environmental laws or permit requirements; (vi) effect of climate change and unpredictable seasonal and weather factors; (vii) failure to comply with competition and antitrust laws; (viii) effect of competition in the company's industry; (ix) competitor’s establishment of an intermediary platform for distribution of the company's products; (x) risk related to geopolitical and military conflict; (xi) effect of volatility in the company's input costs; (xii) risks related to the company's global operations; (xiii) effect of industrial espionage and other disruptions to the company's supply chain, information technology or network systems; (xiv) risks related to environmental litigation and the indemnification obligations of legacy EIDP liabilities in connection with the separation of Corteva; (xv) impact of the company's dependence on third parties with respect to certain of its raw materials or licenses and commercialization; (xvi) failure of the company's customers to pay their debts to the company, including customer financing programs; (xvii) failure to effectively manage acquisitions, divestitures, alliances, restructurings, cost savings initiatives, and other portfolio actions; (xviii) failure to raise capital through the capital markets or short-term borrowings on terms acceptable to the company; (xix) increases in pension and other post-employment benefit plan funding obligations; (xx) risks related to pandemics or epidemics; (xxi) EIDP's material weakness; (xxii) capital markets sentiment towards sustainability matters; (xxiii) the company's intellectual property rights or defense against intellectual property claims asserted by others; (xxiv) effect of counterfeit products; (xxv) the company's dependence on intellectual property cross-license agreements; and (xxvi) other risks related to the Separation from DowDuPont.
Additionally, there may be other risks and uncertainties that the company is unable to currently identify or that the company does not currently expect to have a material impact on its business. Where, in any forward-looking statement or other estimate, an expectation or belief as to future results or events is expressed, such expectation or belief is based on the current plans and expectations of the company's management and expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. The company disclaims and does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, except as required by applicable law. A detailed discussion of some of the significant risks and uncertainties which may cause results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included in the section titled “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K).
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Overview
The following is a summary of results from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2024:
•The company reported net sales of $16,908 million, a decrease of 2 percent versus the year ended December 31, 2023, reflecting a 1 percent decrease in price, and a 3 percent unfavorable currency impact, partially offset by a 2 percent increase in volume.
•Cost of goods sold ("COGS") totaled $9,529 million, down from $9,920 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily driven by favorable currency effects, ongoing cost and productivity actions, Crop Protection raw material deflation and a reduction in Seed royalty expense, with a partial offset from increased commodity prices.
•Restructuring and asset related charges - net were $288 million, a decrease from $336 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The charges for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily relate to asset related charges, severance and related benefit costs, contract termination charges, and decommissioning and demolition costs associated with the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program and non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense related to Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® herbicide tolerance traits.
•Income from continuing operations after income taxes was $863 million, as compared to $941 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
•Operating EBITDA was $3,376 million, down from $3,381 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily driven by competitive Crop Protection pricing and continued investment in Seed research and development, partially offset by Seed pricing gains, the reduction of royalty expense and ongoing cost and productivity actions. Refer to page 44 for further discussion of the company's Non-GAAP financial measures.
In addition to the financial highlights above, the following events occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024:
•The company returned approximately $1.5 billion to shareholders during the year ended December 31, 2024 under its previously announced share repurchase programs and through common stock dividends.
•On July 29, 2024, the company's Board of Directors approved a 6.25 percent increase in the quarterly common stock dividend from $0.16 per share to $0.17 per share.
Priorities
The company believes the following priorities will continue to create significant value for its customers and shareholders over the mid-term:
•Focus on Execution - the company will focus on a value creation framework and its four key catalysts: (1) the delivery of top tier technology in our prioritized core markets and crops while achieving best-in-class cost performance; (2) a continued move towards Seed royalty neutrality; (3) a continued improvement in our product mix to strengthen focus on differentiation and yield advantage; and (4) operational improvements focused on driving price and productivity improvements.
•Deliver Innovation to Farmers, Faster - Corteva aims to deliver greater value and productivity to growers through more differentiated and sustainably advantaged solutions, which in turn promise to strengthen global food security and help farmers address the impacts of climate change.
•Deploy capital with discipline - the company aims to prioritize investment, growth, M&A opportunities and returning cash to shareholders.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Analysis of Operations
Acquisitions
On March 1, 2023, Corteva completed its acquisitions of all the outstanding equity interests in Stoller Group Inc. (“Stoller”), one of the largest independent companies in the Biologicals industry, and Quorum Vital Investment, S.L. and its affiliates (“Symborg”), an expert in microbiological technologies. The purchase price for Stoller and Symborg was $1,220 million, inclusive of a working capital adjustment, and $370 million, respectively. These acquisitions supplement the Crop Protection business with additional biological tools that complement evolving farming practices. See Note 4 - Business Combinations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program
On November 5, 2023, management of the company approved a plan to further optimize its Crop Protection network of manufacturing and external partners (the "Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program"). The plan includes the exit of the company’s production activities at its site in Pittsburg, California, as well as ceasing operations in select manufacturing lines at other locations. In October 2024, management of the company amended the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program to include updates to its previous estimates and decommissioning and demolition costs associated with the ceasing of operations, primarily at the Pittsburg, California site.
The company expects to record aggregate pre-tax restructuring and asset related charges of $650 million to $700 million, comprised of $85 million to $105 million of severance and related benefit costs, $320 million to $340 million of asset-related and impairment charges, and $245 million to $255 million of costs related to exiting the company's production activities and ceasing operations (inclusive of contract terminations and decommissioning and demolition costs). Decommissioning and demolition costs are expensed on an as-incurred basis. Reductions in workforce are subject to local regulatory requirements. Through the year ended December 31, 2024, the company recorded net pre-tax restructuring and asset related charges of $461 million inception-to-date under the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program, consisting of $91 million of severance and related benefit costs, $327 million of asset-related and impairment charges, $10 million of decommissioning and demolition costs and $33 million of costs related to contract terminations.
Cash payments related to these charges are anticipated to be $330 million to $360 million, which primarily relate to the payment of severance and related benefits, decommissioning and demolition costs and contract terminations. Through December 31, 2024, the company paid $64 million associated with these charges. The restructuring actions associated with these charges are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2026.
The Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program is expected to contribute to the company’s ongoing cost and productivity improvement efforts through achieving an estimated $180 million of savings on a run rate basis by 2027. Future actions by the company or changes in circumstances from current assumptions, including any site disposition gains or losses, may cause actual results and future cash payments to differ. See Note 6 - Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
2022 Restructuring Actions
In connection with the company’s shift to a global business unit model during 2022, the company assessed its business priorities and operational structure to maximize the customer experience and deliver on growth and earnings potential. As a result of this assessment, the company committed to restructuring actions during the second quarter of 2022, which included the company’s separate announcement to withdraw from Russia ("Russia Exit") (collectively the “2022 Restructuring Actions”). The actions associated with this program are substantially complete.
The remaining cash payments related to the 2022 Restructuring Actions is $30 million, and primarily relate to the payment of severance and related benefits and contract terminations.
The 2022 Restructuring Actions are expected to contribute to the company’s ongoing cost and productivity improvement efforts through achieving an estimated $210 million to $220 million of savings on a run rate basis by 2025. See Note 6 - Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Share Buyback Plan
On November 19, 2024, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $3 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2024 Share Buyback Plan"). The timing, price and volume of purchases will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors.
On September 13, 2022, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $2 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2022 Share Buyback Plan"). The timing, price and volume of purchases will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors. In connection with the 2022 Share Buyback Plan, the company repurchased and retired 17,909,000 and 10,026,000 shares in the open market and through privately-negotiated transactions for a cost (excluding excise taxes) of $1 billion and $500 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
On August 5, 2021, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $1.5 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2021 Share Buyback Plan"). The company completed the 2021 Share Buyback Plan during the first quarter of 2023 and repurchased and retired 4,098,000, 17,425,000 and 5,572,000 shares in the open market for a total cost of $250 million, $1 billion, and $250 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Results of Operations
Net Sales
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Net sales $ 16,908 $ 17,226 $ 17,455
2024 versus 2023
Net sales were $16,908 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $17,226 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by a 1 percent decrease in price and a 3 percent unfavorable currency impact, partially offset by a 2 percent increase in volume. Lower pricing reflects the continued competitive price environment in Crop Protection, particularly in Latin America, partially offset by improvement in Seed pricing driven by strong demand for top technology offerings and operational execution globally. Crop Protection volume growth was the result of demand recovery in Latin America and growth of new products. Seed volume growth was driven by the expected recovery in Brazil Safrinha corn and North America soybeans and cotton, which more than offset corn area reduction and challenges in other geographies. The unfavorable currency impacts were led by the Brazilian Real and Turkish Lira.
2023 versus 2022
Net sales were $17,226 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $17,455 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by a 10 percent decrease in volume versus the prior year and a 1 percent unfavorable impact from currency, partially offset by a 7 percent increase in price and a 3 percent favorable portfolio and other impact. Volume declines were driven by strategic product exits, Crop Protection channel inventory destocking, delayed farmer purchases, lower corn planted area in EMEA, reduced summer corn planted area and lower expected Safrinha corn planted area in Brazil, and the Russia Exit, partially offset by increased corn acres in North America. The unfavorable currency impacts were led by the Turkish Lira, Canadian Dollar and Chinese Renminbi. Price gains were driven by continued execution on the company's price for value strategy, strong demand for new technology and strong execution in response to cost inflation led by EMEA, partially offset by challenging market dynamics in Latin America and North America. The portfolio and other impact was driven by the biologicals acquisitions and the sale of seeds already under production in Russia when the decision to exit the country was made and that the company was contractually required to purchase.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
For the Year Ended December 31,
($ In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Net Sales % of Net Sales Net Sales % of Net Sales Net Sales % of Net Sales
Worldwide $ 16,908 100 % $ 17,226 100 % $ 17,455 100 %
North America
8,660 51 % 8,590 50 % 8,294 48 %
EMEA
3,124 19 % 3,367 19 % 3,256 19 %
Latin America 3,776 22 % 3,906 23 % 4,445 25 %
Asia Pacific 1,348 8 % 1,363 8 % 1,460 8 %
Year Ended December 31, 2024 vs. 2023 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
North America $ 70 1 % 1 % - % - % - %
EMEA (243) (7) % 5 % (7) % (3) % (2) %
Latin America (130) (3) % (12) % 16 % (8) % 1 %
Asia Pacific (15) (1) % 2 % (1) % (2) % - %
Total $ (318) (2) % (1) % 2 % (3) % - %
Year Ended December 31, 2023 vs. 2022 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
North America $ 296 4 % 6 % (2) % - % - %
EMEA 111 3 % 19 % (11) % (8) % 3 %
Latin America (539) (12) % 2 % (25) % 3 % 8 %
Asia Pacific (97) (7) % 7 % (9) % (5) % - %
Total $ (229) (1) % 7 % (10) % (1) % 3 %
Cost of Goods Sold ("COGS")
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Cost of goods sold $ 9,529 $ 9,920 $ 10,436
2024 versus 2023
COGS was $9,529 million (56 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $9,920 million (58 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by favorable currency effects, ongoing cost and productivity actions, Crop Protection raw material deflation, and a reduction in net royalty expense, partially offset by an increase in volumes and higher commodity costs.
2023 versus 2022
COGS was $9,920 million (58 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $10,436 million (60 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by lower volumes, ongoing cost and productivity actions and a decrease in royalty expense, partially offset by higher input costs, which are primarily macro-economic driven. The macro-economic driven trends are due to inflationary pressures impacting raw material inputs, which were expected to improve in 2024.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Research and Development Expense ("R&D")
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Research and development expense $ 1,402 $ 1,337 $ 1,216
2024 versus 2023
R&D expense was $1,402 million (8 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $1,337 million (8 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in R&D expense is in support of the company’s long-term growth plans and was primarily driven by an increase in salaries due to higher headcount, variable compensation and contractor costs, partially offset by favorable currency impacts.
2023 versus 2022
R&D expense was $1,337 million (8 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1,216 million (7 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in R&D expense is in support of the company’s long-term growth plans and was primarily driven by an increase in salaries due to higher headcount and the associated spending on field, lab and facilities, and third-party research costs. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in variable compensation.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 3,196 $ 3,176 $ 3,173
2024 versus 2023
SG&A expenses were $3,196 million (19 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $3,176 million (18 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in salaries and variable compensation, commissions, bad debt expense, legal support fees and portfolio impact from the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions, partially offset by favorable currency impacts and lower consulting and professional fees and marketing costs.
2023 versus 2022
SG&A expenses were $3,176 million (18 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $3,173 million (18 percent of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The flat results were primarily driven by incremental costs from the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions, an unfavorable impact relating to deferred compensation plans due to market improvements and an increase in bad debt expense, partially offset by a decrease in selling expense, variable compensation, functional spend, commissions and consulting fees.
Amortization of Intangibles
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Amortization of intangibles $ 685 $ 683 $ 702
2024 versus 2023
Intangible asset amortization was $685 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $683 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by the impact of amortization relating to the intangible assets recognized in connection with the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions, which were completed on March 1, 2023, partially offset by lower amortization on certain intangible assets arising from the Merger that became fully amortized in 2024.
2023 versus 2022
Intangible asset amortization was $683 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $702 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by the expiration of the favorable supply contracts in the fourth quarter of 2022, at which point the contracts became fully amortized, partially offset by amortization relating to the intangible assets recognized in connection with the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
See Note 13 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Restructuring and asset related charges - net $ 288 $ 336 $ 363
Restructuring and asset related charges - net were $288 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was primarily comprised of a $232 million charge associated with the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program and a $55 million net charge from non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense related to the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® herbicide tolerance traits. The $232 million charge associated with the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program was primarily comprised of $91 million of severance and related benefit costs, $101 million of asset related charges, $10 million in decommissioning and demolition costs and $30 million of contract termination charges.
Restructuring and asset related charges - net were $336 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily comprised of a $217 million charge related to the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program, a $72 million net charge related to non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense related to the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® herbicide tolerance traits and $42 million related to severance and related benefit costs, asset related charges and contract termination charges (including early lease terminations) associated with the 2022 Restructuring Actions. The $217 million net charge associated with the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program was primarily comprised of $214 million of asset related charges, which includes non-cash impairment charges of $152 million consisting of $92 million and $60 million related to operating lease assets and property, plant and equipment, respectively, associated with the exit of the company’s production activities at its site in Pittsburg, California.
Restructuring and asset related charges - net were $336 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was primarily comprised of a $272 million net charge related to the 2022 Restructuring Actions and $109 million of restructuring and asset related charges - net from non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense related to the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® herbicide tolerance traits. The $272 million net charge associated with the 2022 Restructuring Actions was comprised of $111 million of severance and related benefit costs, $104 million of asset related charges and $57 million of costs related to contract terminations (including early lease terminations). These charges were partially offset by a benefit associated with previous restructuring programs.
See Note 6 - Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Other Income (Expense) - Net
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Other income (expense) - net $ (300) $ (448) $ (60)
2024 versus 2023
Other income (expense) - net was $(300) million and $(448) million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Lower other expense was primarily driven by decreases in net exchange losses and charges related to estimated settlement reserves, as well as the receipt of insurance proceeds and an indemnification payment negotiated with the former Stoller owners, partially offset by a decrease in interest income.
2023 versus 2022
Other income (expense) - net was $(448) million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $(60) million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Higher other expense was primarily driven by an increase in net exchange losses and estimated settlement reserves and an increase in non-operating pension and other post-employment costs in the current period versus a benefit in the
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
prior period. Higher other expense was partially offset by an increase in interest income and the absence of charges incurred in 2022 relating to certain legal matters and losses associated with a previously held equity investment.
See Note 7 - Supplementary Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Interest Expense
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Interest expense $ 233 $ 233 $ 79
2024 versus 2023
Interest expense was $233 million and $233 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The impact of lower short-term borrowings and lower interest rates was offset by higher interest related to the senior notes issued in 2023 and higher foreign currency borrowings.
2023 versus 2022
Interest expense was $233 million and $79 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change was primarily driven by higher interest rates, the issuance of Senior Notes in connection with the May 2023 Debt Offering, and an increase in short term borrowings.
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes on Continuing Operations
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations $ 412 $ 152 $ 210
Effective tax rate 32.3 % 13.9 % 14.7 %
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the company’s effective tax rate of 32.3 percent on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $1,275 million was unfavorably impacted by a $120 million charge on the establishment of a valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil, unfavorable geographic mix of earnings, a $22 million charge associated with repatriation of cash held outside of the U.S. primarily from current year earnings, and the unfavorable tax impact of certain net exchange losses recognized on the re-measurement of the net monetary asset positions. These items were partially offset by a $(59) million benefit related to U.S. tax credits for increasing research activities and $(32) million in net tax benefits associated with changes to deferred taxes and accruals for certain prior year tax positions.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the company’s effective tax rate of 13.9 percent on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $1,093 million was favorably impacted by a $(65) million benefit related to U.S. tax credits for increasing research activities, changes to deferred taxes and a tax currency change for legal entities within Switzerland in the amount of $(62) million and $(24) million, respectively, as well as favorable geographic mix of earnings. These items were partially offset by the unfavorable tax impact of certain net exchange losses recognized on the re-measurement of the net monetary asset positions, which were not deductible in their local jurisdictions, a $46 million charge associated with intellectual property realignment, and a $32 million charge associated with repatriation of cash held outside of the U.S. primarily from current year earnings.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the company’s effective tax rate of 14.7 percent on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $1,426 million was favorably impacted by tax benefits relating to the establishment of deferred taxes in connection with the impact of a change in a U.S. legal entity's tax characterization, a worthless stock deduction in the U.S., and the release of a valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil in the amount of $(55) million, $(42) million and $(36) million, respectively. These items were partially offset by the unfavorable tax impact of certain net exchange losses recognized on the re-measurement of the net monetary asset positions which were not deductible in their local jurisdictions, and a $24 million charge associated with repatriation of cash held outside of the U.S. primarily from current year earnings.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations After Income Taxes
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from discontinued operations after income taxes $ 56 $ (194) $ (58)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations after income taxes was $56 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The after-tax benefit was driven by charges pursuant to the MOU with Chemours and DuPont relating to PFAS remediation activities primarily at Chemours' Fayetteville Works facility and litigation activity, which were more than offset by a favorable adjustment of certain prior year tax positions for previously divested businesses, the derecognition of an indemnification liability associated with the Water District Settlement Fund contribution, and insurance proceeds related to legacy matters.
Income (loss) from discontinued operations after income taxes was $(194) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily comprised of charges associated with the settlement of certain PFAS related legal matters that are subject to the MOU with Chemours and DuPont, including the Nationwide Water District Settlement and the State of Ohio for natural resources damage claims, and charges associated with PFAS environmental remediation activities primarily at Chemours' Fayetteville Works facility.
Income (loss) from discontinued operations after income taxes was $(58) million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was primarily comprised of charges pursuant to the MOU with Chemours and DuPont relating to PFAS environmental remediation activities primarily at Chemours' Fayetteville Works facility and adjustments of certain prior year tax positions for previously divested businesses.
See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further discussion.
EIDP Analysis of Operations
As discussed in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, EIDP is a subsidiary of Corteva, Inc. and continues to be a reporting company, subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act. The below relates to EIDP only and is presented to provide an Analysis of Operations, only for the differences between EIDP and Corteva, Inc.
Other Income (Expense) - Net
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Other income (expense) - net $ (261) $ (448) $ (60)
2024 versus 2023
Other income (expense) - net was $(261) million and $(448) million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Lower other expense was primarily driven by the items noted on page 36, under the header “Other Income (Expense) - Net - 2024 versus 2023." In addition, EIDP earned interest income from Corteva, Inc. of $38 million under the Master In-House Banking Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2024. See EIDP Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
2023 versus 2022
Other income (expense) - net was $(448) million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $(60) million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Higher other expense was primarily driven by the items noted on page 36, under the header “Other Income (Expense) - Net - 2023 versus 2022." See EIDP Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Interest Expense
2024 versus 2023
EIDP’s interest expense was $233 million and $253 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 37, under the header “Interest Expense - 2024 versus 2023,” and lower average borrowings on the related party loan between EIDP and Corteva, Inc., as the loan was repaid in the fourth quarter of 2023. See Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
2023 versus 2022
EIDP’s interest expense was $253 million and $124 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 37, under the header “Interest Expense - 2023 versus 2022,” and lower average borrowings on the related party loan between EIDP and Corteva, Inc. See Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes on Continuing Operations
For the year ended December 31, 2024, EIDP had an effective tax rate of 32.0 percent on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $1,314 million, driven by the items noted on page 37, under the header “Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes on Continuing Operations - 2024". See Note 3 - Income Taxes, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, EIDP had an effective tax rate of 13.7 percent on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $1,073 million, driven by the items noted on page 37, under the header “Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes on Continuing Operations - 2023" and a tax benefit related to the interest expense incurred on the related party loan between EIDP and Corteva, Inc. See Note 3 - Income Taxes, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, EIDP had an effective tax rate of 14.4 percent on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $1,381 million, driven by the items noted on page 37, under the header “Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes on Continuing Operations - 2022" and a tax benefit related to the interest expense incurred on the related party loan between EIDP and Corteva, Inc. See Note 3 - Income Taxes, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 - Recent Accounting Guidance, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for a description of recent accounting pronouncements.
Segment Reviews
The company operates in two reportable segments: Seed and Crop Protection. The company’s Seed segment is a global leader in developing and supplying advanced germplasm and traits that produce optimum yield for farms around the world. The segment offers trait technologies that improve resistance to weather, disease, insects and enhance food and nutritional characteristics, herbicides used to control weeds, and digital solutions that assist farmer decision-making with a view to optimize product selection and, ultimately, help maximize yield and profitability. The segment competes in a wide variety of agricultural markets. The Crop Protection segment serves the global agricultural input industry with products that protect against weeds, insects and other pests, and disease, and that improve overall crop health both above and below ground via nitrogen management and seed-applied technologies. The segment offers crop protection solutions and digital solutions that provide farmers the tools they need to improve productivity and profitability, and help keep fields free of weeds, insects and diseases. The segment is a leader in global herbicides, insecticides, nitrogen stabilizers, pasture and range management herbicides and biologicals.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Summarized below are comments on individual segment net sales and segment operating EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The company defines segment operating EBITDA as earnings (loss) (i.e., income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes) before interest, depreciation, amortization, corporate expenses, non-operating benefits (costs), foreign exchange gains (losses), and net unrealized gain or loss from mark-to-market activity for certain foreign currency derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting, excluding the impact of significant items. Non-operating benefits (costs) consists of non-operating pension and OPEB credits (costs), tax indemnification adjustments and environmental remediation and legal costs associated with legacy businesses and sites. Tax indemnification adjustments relate to changes in indemnification balances, as a result of the application of the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement, between Corteva and Dow and/or DuPont that are recorded by the company as pre-tax income or expense. See Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for details related to significant pre-tax benefits (costs) excluded from segment operating EBITDA. All references to prices are based on local price unless otherwise specified.
A reconciliation of segment operating EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is included in Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Seed For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Net sales $ 9,545 $ 9,472 $ 8,979
Segment operating EBITDA $ 2,219 $ 2,117 $ 1,656
Seed 2024 vs. 2023 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
North America $ 265 5 % 4 % 1 % - % - %
EMEA (41) (3) % 9 % (3) % (5) % (4) %
Latin America (114) (7) % (7) % 8 % (8) % - %
Asia Pacific (37) (8) % 9 % (15) % (2) % - %
Total $ 73 1 % 3 % 1 % (2) % (1) %
Seed 2024 vs. 2023 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
Corn $ 49 1 % 2 % 2 % (3) % - %
Soybeans 69 4 % 2 % 2 % - % - %
Other oilseeds (55) (8) % 8 % (7) % (4) % (5) %
Other 10 2 % 8 % (5) % (1) % - %
Total $ 73 1 % 3 % 1 % (2) % (1) %
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Seed 2023 vs. 2022 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
North America $ 590 11 % 9 % 3 % (1) % - %
EMEA 13 1 % 26 % (19) % (10) % 4 %
Latin America (121) (7) % 11 % (22) % 4 % - %
Asia Pacific 11 3 % 14 % (4) % (7) % - %
Total $ 493 5 % 13 % (6) % (2) % - %
Seed 2023 vs. 2022 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
Corn $ 492 8 % 14 % (4) % (2) % - %
Soybeans 48 3 % 7 % (4) % - % - %
Other oilseeds (6) (1) % 23 % (21) % (7) % 4 %
Other (41) (8) % 7 % (15) % - % - %
Total $ 493 5 % 13 % (6) % (2) % - %
Seed
Seed net sales were $9,545 million in 2024, up 1 percent from $9,472 million in 2023. The sales increase was driven by a 3 percent increase in price and 1 percent increase in volume partially offset by a 2 percent unfavorable currency impact and a 1 percent unfavorable portfolio impact.
The increase in price was driven by improvement in many products in all regions, excluding Latin America. Global corn and soybean pricing were up 2 percent. Pricing actions more than offset currency impacts in EMEA. Volume growth was driven primarily by the expected recovery in Brazil Safrinha corn and growth in North America soybeans and cotton, partially offset by reduced planted areas in EMEA, Asia Pacific and corn in Argentina. Unfavorable currency impacts were led by the Brazilian Real and Turkish Lira.
Seed operating EBITDA was $2,219 million in 2024, up 5 percent from $2,117 million in 2023. Price execution and market share gains in North America, reduction of net royalty expense and ongoing cost and productivity actions more than offset the investment in R&D, higher commodity costs, and the unfavorable impact of currency. Segment operating EBITDA margin improved by approximately 90 basis points versus the prior-year period.
Seed net sales were $9,472 million in 2023, up 5 percent from $8,979 million in 2022. The sales increase was driven by a 13 percent increase in price, partially offset by a 6 percent decline in volume and a 2 percent unfavorable currency impact.
The increase in price was broad-based and driven by strong demand for top technology and operational execution globally, with global corn and soybean prices up 14 percent and 7 percent, respectively. Pricing actions more than offset currency impacts in EMEA. The decline in volume was driven by the 2022 decision to exit Russia, lower corn planted area in EMEA, reduced summer corn planted area and lower expected Safrinha corn planted area in Brazil, partially offset by increased corn acres in North America. Unfavorable currency impacts were led by the Turkish Lira and the Canadian Dollar.
Seed operating EBITDA was $2,117 million in 2023, up 28 percent from $1,656 million in 2022. Price execution, reduction of net royalty expense, and ongoing cost and productivity actions more than offset higher commodity and input costs, lower volumes, and the unfavorable impact of currency. Segment operating EBITDA margin improved by approximately 390 basis points versus the prior-year period.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Crop Protection For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Net sales $ 7,363 $ 7,754 $ 8,476
Segment operating EBITDA $ 1,272 $ 1,374 $ 1,684
Crop Protection 2024 vs. 2023 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
North America $ (195) (7) % (3) % (4) % - % - %
EMEA (202) (12) % 1 % (10) % (3) % - %
Latin America (16) (1) % (15) % 21 % (8) % 1 %
Asia Pacific 22 2 % (1) % 6 % (3) % - %
Total $ (391) (5) % (5) % 3 % (3) % - %
Crop Protection 2024 vs. 2023 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
Herbicides $ (435) (11) % (5) % (4) % (2) % - %
Insecticides 117 7 % (5) % 17 % (5) % - %
Fungicides (31) (3) % (9) % 12 % (6) % - %
Biologicals (15) (3) % (8) % 6 % (7) % 6 %
Other (27) (5) % - % (3) % (2) % - %
Total $ (391) (5) % (5) % 3 % (3) % - %
Crop Protection 2023 vs. 2022 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
North America $ (294) (9) % - % (10) % - % 1 %
EMEA 98 6 % 12 % (4) % (4) % 2 %
Latin America (418) (16) % (4) % (26) % 2 % 12 %
Asia Pacific (108) (11) % 4 % (10) % (5) % - %
Total $ (722) (9) % 2 % (14) % (1) % 4 %
Crop Protection 2023 vs. 2022 Percent Change Due To:
Net Sales Change Price & Portfolio /
($ In millions) $ % Product Mix Volume Currency Other
Herbicides $ (557) (12) % 1 % (12) % (1) % - %
Insecticides (233) (13) % 2 % (12) % (1) % (2) %
Fungicides (338) (23) % 3 % (25) % (1) % - %
Biologicals 428 683 % 2 % 17 % (8) % 672 %
Other (22) (4) % 2 % (8) % 2 % - %
Total $ (722) (9) % 2 % (14) % (1) % 4 %
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Crop Protection
Crop Protection net sales were $7,363 million in 2024, down 5 percent from $7,754 million in 2023. The sales decrease was driven by a 5 percent decrease in price and a 3 percent unfavorable impact from currency, partially offset by a 3 percent increase in volume.
The price decline was primarily due to market dynamics in Latin America. Unfavorable currency impacts were led by the Brazilian Real and Turkish Lira. The increase in volumes was driven by growth in Latin America on demand for new products and spinosyns, partially offset by unfavorable weather impacts in EMEA as well as just-in-time purchasing behavior in North America.
Segment Operating EBITDA was $1,272 million in 2024, down 7 percent from $1,374 million from 2023. Pricing pressure and the unfavorable impact of currency more than offset productivity savings, raw material deflation, and volume growth. Segment operating EBITDA margin contracted by approximately 45 basis points versus the prior-year period.
Crop Protection net sales were $7,754 million in 2023, up 9 percent from $8,476 million in 2022. The decrease was driven by a 14 percent decrease in volume and a 1 percent unfavorable impact from currency, partially offset by a 4 percent favorable impact from portfolio and a 2 percent increase in price.
The decrease in volume was driven by strategic product exits, channel inventory destocking, and delayed farmer purchases. The increase in price was led by EMEA, and mostly reflected pricing for the value of our differentiated technology, including new products, and currency in EMEA, partially offset by challenging market dynamics in Latin America and North America. Unfavorable currency impacts were led by the Turkish Lira and Chinese Renminbi. The portfolio impact was driven by the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions, which added approximately $420 million of net sales.
Segment Operating EBITDA was $1,374 million in 2023, down 18 percent from $1,684 million in 2022. Pricing execution, productivity actions, and the favorable impact from the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions were more than offset by lower volumes, higher input costs, and the unfavorable impact of currency. Segment operating EBITDA margin declined by 215 basis points versus the prior-year period.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The company presents certain financial measures that do not conform to U.S. GAAP and are considered non-GAAP measures. These measures include Operating EBITDA and operating earnings (loss) per share. Management uses these measures internally for planning and forecasting, including allocating resources and evaluating incentive compensation. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures best reflect the ongoing performance of the company during the periods presented and provide more relevant and meaningful information to investors as they provide insight with respect to ongoing operating results of the company and a more useful comparison of year-over-year results. These non-GAAP measures supplement the company's U.S. GAAP disclosures and should not be viewed as an alternative to U.S. GAAP measures of performance. Furthermore, such non-GAAP measures may not be consistent with similar measures provided or used by other companies. Reconciliations for these non-GAAP measures to U.S. GAAP are provided below.
Operating EBITDA is defined as earnings (loss) (i.e., income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes) before interest, depreciation, amortization, non-operating benefits (costs), foreign exchange gains (losses), and net unrealized gain or loss from mark-to-market activity for certain foreign currency derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting, excluding the impact of significant items. Non-operating benefits (costs) consists of non-operating pension and OPEB credits (costs), tax indemnification adjustments and environmental remediation and legal costs associated with legacy businesses and sites. Tax indemnification adjustments relate to changes in indemnification balances, as a result of the application of the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement, between Corteva and Dow and/or DuPont that are recorded by the company as pre-tax income or expense. Operating earnings (loss) per share is defined as "earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations - diluted" excluding the after-tax impact of significant items, the after-tax impact of non-operating benefits (costs), the after-tax impact of amortization expense associated with intangible assets existing as of the Separation from DowDuPont, and the after-tax impact of net unrealized gain or loss from mark-to-market activity for certain foreign currency derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting. Although amortization of the company's intangible assets is excluded from these non-GAAP measures, management believes it is important for investors to understand that such intangible assets contribute to revenue generation. Amortization of intangible assets that relate to past acquisitions will recur in future periods until such intangible assets have been fully amortized. Any future acquisitions may result in amortization of additional intangible assets. Net unrealized gain or loss from mark-to-market activity for certain foreign currency derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting represents the non-cash net gain (loss) from changes in fair value of certain undesignated foreign currency derivative contracts. Upon settlement, which is within the same calendar year of execution of the contract, the realized gain (loss) from the changes in fair value of the non-qualified foreign currency derivative contracts will be reported in the relevant non-GAAP financial measures, allowing quarterly results to reflect the economic effects of the foreign currency derivative contracts without the resulting unrealized mark to fair value volatility.
The company also uses Free Cash Flow as a non-GAAP measure to evaluate and discuss its liquidity position and ability to generate cash. Free Cash Flow is defined as cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations, less capital expenditures. Management believes that Free Cash Flow provides investors with meaningful information regarding the company’s ongoing ability to generate cash through core operations, and the company’s ability to service its indebtedness, pay dividends (when declared), make share repurchases, and meet its ongoing cash needs for its operations. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the company made the decision, which was retrospectively applied, to adjust the presentation of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows to separately show the cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations, which was previously presented within cash provided by (used for) operating activities. See Note 1 - Background and Basis of Presentation, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information. As a result, the definition for Free Cash Flow was revised to utilize cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations. The change in definition did not have a material impact to prior years’ Free Cash Flow. Management made this decision to better present the liquidity generated from the company’s ongoing business operations. Under the revised definition, Free Cash Flow was $307 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Reconciliation of Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations after Income Taxes to Operating EBITDA
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes (GAAP)
$ 863 $ 941 $ 1,216
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations 412 152 210
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (GAAP) $ 1,275 $ 1,093 $ 1,426
Depreciation and amortization 1,227 1,211 1,223
Interest income (132) (283) (124)
Interest expense 233 233 79
Exchange (gains) losses - net 284 397 229
Non-operating (benefits) costs - net 174 151 (111)
Mark-to-market (gains) losses on certain foreign currency contracts not designated as hedges - - -
Significant items (benefit) charge 315 579 502
Operating EBITDA (Non-GAAP) $ 3,376 $ 3,381 $ 3,224
Significant Items
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Restructuring and asset related charges - net $ 288 $ 336 $ 363
Estimated settlement expense1
101 204 87
Inventory write-offs2
(2) 7 33
Spare parts write-off 3
- 12 -
(Gain) loss on sale of business, assets and equity investments2
(7) (14) (10)
Settlement costs associated with the Russia Exit2
- - 8
Seed sale associated with Russia Exit2,4
- (18) (3)
Acquisition-related costs5
6 45 -
Employee Retention Credit - (3) (9)
AltEn facility remediation charges - 10 33
Insurance proceeds6
(71) - -
Total pre-tax significant items (benefit) charge $ 315 $ 579 $ 502
Total tax (benefit) provision impact of significant items7
(80) (131) (102)
Tax only significant item (benefit) charge8
116 (45) (133)
Total significant items (benefit) charge, after tax $ 351 $ 403 $ 267
1.Consists of estimated Lorsban® related charges.
2.Incremental (gains) losses associated with activities related to the 2022 Restructuring Actions.
3.Incremental loss associated with activities related to the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program.
4.Includes a benefit of $18 million and $3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, relating to the sale of seeds already under production in Russia when the decision to exit the country was made and that the company was contractually required to purchase. It consists of $71 million and $8 million of net sales and $53 million and $5 million of cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
5.Relates to acquisition-related costs, including transaction and third-party integration costs associated with the completed acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg as well as the recognition of the inventory fair value step-up. See Note 4 - Business Combinations, to the Consolidated Financials Statements, for additional information.
6.Includes proceeds received related to prior significant items.
7.Unless specifically addressed above, the income tax effect on significant items was calculated based upon the enacted tax laws and statutory income tax rates applicable in the tax jurisdiction(s) of the underlying non-GAAP adjustment.
8.The tax only significant item charge for the year ended December 31, 2024 relates to the establishment of a valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil (Seed business) in the amount of $120 million, as well as a change in estimate related to intellectual property realignment. The tax only significant item benefit for the year ended December 31, 2023 relates to the impact of changes to deferred taxes and a tax currency change for legal entities within Switzerland of $(62) million and $(24) million, respectively, as well as adjustments due to intellectual property realignment of $46 million and a change in estimate related to a worthless stock deduction in the U.S. The tax only significant item benefit for the year ended December 31, 2022 relates to the impact of a change in a U.S. legal entity's tax characterization, resulting in the establishment of deferred taxes, the release of a valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil (Crop Protection Business) and a worthless stock deduction in the U.S. of $(55) million, $(36) million, and $(42) million, respectively.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Reconciliation of Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Attributable to Corteva and Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock from Continuing Operations - Diluted to Operating Earnings (Loss) and Operating Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Corteva common stockholders (GAAP)
$ 851 $ 929 $ 1,205
Less: Non-operating benefits (costs), after tax (127) (111) 80
Less: Amortization of intangibles (existing as of Separation), after tax (459) (471) (542)
Less: Mark-to-market gains (losses) on certain foreign currency contracts not designated as hedges, after tax - - -
Less: Significant items benefit (charge), after tax (351) (403) (267)
Operating Earnings (Loss) (Non-GAAP) $ 1,788 $ 1,914 $ 1,934
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock from continuing operations attributable to Corteva common stockholders - diluted (GAAP)
$ 1.22 $ 1.30 $ 1.66
Less: Non-operating benefits (costs), after tax (0.18) (0.16) 0.11
Less: Amortization of intangibles (existing as of Separation), after tax (0.67) (0.66) (0.75)
Less: Mark-to-market gains (losses) on certain foreign currency contracts not designated as hedges, after tax - - -
Less: Significant items benefit (charge), after tax (0.50) (0.57) (0.37)
Operating Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Non-GAAP) $ 2.57 $ 2.69 $ 2.67
Diluted Shares Outstanding (In millions)
696.0 711.9 724.5
Reconciliation of Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities - Continuing Operations to Free Cash Flow
(In millions) Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations $ 2,296 $ 1,809 $ 912
Less: Capital expenditures (597) (595) (605)
Free Cash Flow (Non-GAAP) $ 1,699 $ 1,214 $ 307
Liquidity & Capital Resources
The company continually reviews its sources of liquidity and debt portfolio and occasionally may make adjustments to one or both to ensure adequate liquidity.
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities $ 3,169 $ 2,742
Total debt $ 2,703 $ 2,489
The company's credit ratings impact its access to the debt capital markets and cost of capital. The company remains committed to a strong financial position and strong investment-grade rating. The company's long-term and short-term credit ratings assigned to EIDP are as follows:
Long-term Short-term Outlook
Standard & Poor's1
A- A-2 Stable
Moody’s Investors Service A3 P-2 Stable
Fitch Ratings1
A Stable
1.In addition, Corteva, Inc. has been assigned a long-term issuer credit rating of A- with Stable outlook by Standard & Poor's and an Issuer Default Rating of A with Stable outlook by Fitch Ratings.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
The company believes its ability to generate cash from operations and access to capital markets and commercial paper markets will be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements to fund its operations, including seasonal working capital, capital spending, dividend payments, share repurchases, pension obligations and litigation costs, net of recoveries. Corteva's strong financial position, liquidity and credit ratings will provide access as needed to capital markets and commercial paper markets to fund seasonal working capital needs. The company's liquidity needs can be met through a variety of sources, including cash provided by operating activities, commercial paper, syndicated credit lines, bilateral credit lines, long-term debt markets, bank financing and committed receivable repurchase facilities. Corteva considers the borrowing costs and lending terms when selecting the source to fund its operations and working capital needs.
The company had access to approximately $6.3 billion and $6.0 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023 in committed and uncommitted unused credit lines, which includes the uncommitted revolving credit lines relating to the Foreign Currency Loans. These facilities provide support to meet the company’s short-term liquidity needs and for general corporate purposes, which may include funding of discretionary and non-discretionary contributions to certain benefit plans, severance payments, repayment and refinancing of debt, working capital, capital expenditures, repurchases and redemptions of securities, funding of acquisitions and funding Corteva's costs and expenses, including the settlement of litigation. These facilities are provided to the company by highly rated and well capitalized global financial institutions.
In May 2023, the company issued $600 million of 4.50 percent Senior Notes due in 2026 and $600 million of 4.80 percent Senior Notes due in 2033 (the “May 2023 Debt Offering”).
In January 2023, the company amended and restated its May 2022 364-day revolving credit agreement (the “364-Day Revolving Credit Facility”) increasing the facility amount to $1 billion and extending the expiration date to January 2024. Borrowings under the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility have an interest rate equal to Adjusted Term SOFR, which is Term SOFR plus 0.10 percent, plus the applicable margin. The 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility includes a provision under which the company may convert any advances outstanding prior to the maturity date into term loans having a maturity date up to one year later. In February 2023, the company drew down $1 billion under the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility, which was used for general corporate purposes, including funding seasonal working capital needs, capital spending, dividend payments, share repurchases and to partially fund the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions. In May 2023, the company repaid the $1 billion loan using the proceeds from the May 2023 Debt Offering. In February 2024, the company amended and restated the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility increasing the facility amount to $1 billion and extending the expiration date to February 2025. The 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default that are typical for companies with similar credit ratings. Additionally, the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility contains a financial covenant requiring that the ratio of total indebtedness to total capitalization for Corteva and its consolidated subsidiaries not exceed 0.60. At December 31, 2024, the company was in compliance with these covenants.
In May 2022, the company entered into a $3 billion, 5 year revolving credit facility and a $2 billion, 3-year revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facilities”) expiring in May 2027 and May 2025, respectively. In June 2024, the Revolving Credit Facilities were refinanced for purposes of extending the maturity dates for the five-year and three-year revolving credit facilities to June 2029 and June 2027, respectively, and lowering the facility amount of the five-year revolving credit facility to $2.85 billion and the three-year revolving credit facility to $1.9 billion. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilities will have an interest rate equal to Adjusted Term SOFR, which is Term SOFR plus 0.10 percent, plus the applicable margin. The Revolving Credit Facilities may serve as a substitute to the company's commercial paper program, and can be used, from time to time, for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the funding of seasonal working capital needs. The Revolving Credit Facilities contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default that are typical for companies with similar credit ratings. Additionally, the Revolving Credit Facilities contain a financial covenant requiring that the ratio of total indebtedness to total capitalization for Corteva and its consolidated subsidiaries not exceed 0.60. At December 31, 2024, the company was in compliance with these covenants.
The company enters into short-term and long-term foreign currency loans from time-to-time by accessing uncommitted revolving credit lines to fund working capital needs of foreign subsidiaries in the normal course of business (“Foreign Currency Loans”). Interest rates are variable and determined at the time of borrowing. Total unused bank credit lines on the Foreign Currency Loans at December 31, 2024 was approximately $62 million. The company’s long-term Foreign Currency Loans have varying maturities through 2026.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
The company's indenture covenants include customary limitations on liens, sale and leaseback transactions, and mergers and consolidations affecting manufacturing plants, mineral producing properties or research facilities located in the U.S. and the consolidated subsidiaries owning such plants, properties and facilities subject to certain limitations. The outstanding long-term debt also contains customary default provisions.
In September 2023 and in accordance with the Nationwide Water District Settlement, Chemours, DuPont and Corteva established a settlement fund (the “Water District Settlement Fund”) and collectively contributed $1.185 billion, with Chemours contributing 50 percent, and DuPont and Corteva collectively contributing the remaining 50 percent pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement. The settling companies utilized the balance in the MOU Escrow Account, along with amounts previously expected to be contributed to the MOU Escrow Account in 2023, among other sources, to make their respective contributions to the Water District Settlement Fund. Refer to Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
The company has meaningful seasonal working capital needs based in part on providing financing to its customers. Working capital is funded through multiple methods including cash, commercial paper, the Revolving Credit Facilities, the 364-day Revolving Credit Facility, and factoring.
In May 2023, in line with seasonal working capital requirements, the company entered into a committed receivable repurchase facility of up to $500 million (the "2023 Repurchase Facility") which expired in December 2023. Under the 2023 Repurchase Facility, Corteva sold a portfolio of available and eligible outstanding customer notes receivables to participating institutions and simultaneously agreed to repurchase at a future date.
The company has factoring agreements with third-party financial institutions to sell its trade receivables under both recourse and non-recourse agreements in exchange for cash proceeds in an effort to reduce its receivables risk. For arrangements that include an element of recourse, the company provides a guarantee of the trade receivables in the event of customer default. Refer to Note 10 - Accounts and Notes Receivable - Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for more information.
The company also organizes agreements with third-party financial institutions who directly provide financing for select customers of its Seed and Crop Protection products in each region. Terms of the third-party loans are less than a year and programs are renewed on an annual basis. In some cases, the company guarantees a portion of the extension of such credit to such customers. Refer to Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for more information on the company’s guarantees.
The company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are $3.2 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively, of which $1.7 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, was held by subsidiaries in foreign countries, including United States territories. Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are concentrated subject to local restrictions with highly rated and well capitalized global financial institutions. The underlying credit worthiness and exposures to these counterparties are monitored on a regular basis in line with the company’s overall risk management procedures. Upon actual repatriation, such earnings could be subject to withholding taxes, foreign and/or U.S. state income taxes, and taxes resulting from the impact of foreign currency movements. The cash held by foreign subsidiaries is generally used to finance the subsidiaries' operational activities and future foreign investments. At December 31, 2024, management believed that sufficient liquidity is available in the U.S. with global operating cash flows, borrowing capacity from existing committed credit facilities, and access to capital markets and commercial paper markets.
Summary of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations
$ 2,296 $ 1,809 $ 912
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2,296 million compared to $1,809 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily driven by favorable changes in working capital. The favorable changes in inventories were driven by production reductions to match demand. Within accounts payable, lower payments to third-party growers resulted from lower commodity costs and production plans, supplemented by a change in inventory purchasing patterns. Accrued and other current liabilities benefited from a decrease in
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soybean royalties, while noncurrent assets and liabilities benefited from derivative settlements driven by a weaker Brazilian Real currency. These movements were partially offset by unfavorable changes in receivables driven by slower collections and higher sales on credit terms.
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $1,809 million compared to $912 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily driven by favorable changes in receivables due to lower Crop Protection sales and higher collections as well as favorable changes in inventories due to higher Seed sales and lower Crop Protection purchases. Partially offsetting these sources of cash were lower accounts payable driven by higher payments to third-party growers and higher seed production costs and the timing of payments to lenders for providing financing to select customers.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations
$ (151) $ (40) $ (40)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $(151) million and $(40) million, respectively. The cash outflows were primarily related to PFAS activities that are subject to the MOU with Chemours and DuPont associated with environmental remediation activities primarily at Chemours’ Fayetteville Works facility. In addition, the disbursement of the cash held in the Water District Settlement Fund is reflected in the year ended December 31, 2024. These outflows were partially offset by the receipt of insurance proceeds related to legacy matters.
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $(40) million. The cash outflows were primarily related to PFAS activities that are subject to the MOU with Chemours and DuPont associated with environmental remediation activities primarily at Chemours’ Fayetteville Works facility and certain legal matters, which were paid in 2023.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities $ (589) $ (1,987) $ (632)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities was $(589) million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $(1,987) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily due to the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg in 2023, partially offset by lower current year proceeds from sales and maturities of investments and higher proceeds from sales of property, businesses, and consolidated companies in 2023.
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities was $(1,987) million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $(632) million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily due to the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg and lower proceeds from sales and maturities of investments, partially offset by lower purchases of investments and the proceeds from the settlement of the net investment hedge.
Capital expenditures totaled $597 million, $595 million, and $605 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The company expects 2025 capital expenditures to be approximately $600 million.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities $ (1,199) $ (99) $ (1,180)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities was $(1,199) million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $(99) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily due lower required borrowings in 2024 to fund working capital needs, capital spending, dividend payments and share repurchases. In addition, there were additional
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borrowings in 2023 to partially fund the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions. These lower current year borrowings were offset by higher payments on debt and higher repurchases of common stock and paid dividends in 2024.
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities was $(99) million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $(1,180) million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily due to the May 2023 Debt Offering and higher borrowings to fund working capital needs, capital spending, dividend payments, share repurchases and to partially fund the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions. The change was also driven by lower share repurchases.
During 2024, the company's Board of Directors authorized and paid quarterly dividends on its common stock of $0.16 in the first and second quarters and $0.17 in third and fourth quarters, respectively.
On November 19, 2024, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $3 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2024 Share Buyback Plan"). The timing, price and volume of purchases will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors.
On September 13, 2022, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $2 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2022 Share Buyback Plan"). The timing, price and volume of purchases in connection with the 2022 Share Buyback Plan will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors. In connection with the 2022 Share Buyback Plan, the company repurchased and retired 17,909,000 shares and 10,026,000 shares in the open market and through privately-negotiated transactions for a cost (excluding excise taxes) of $1 billion and $500 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
On August 5, 2021, the company's Board of Directors authorized a $1.5 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date (“2021 Share Buyback Plan”). The company completed the 2021 Share Buyback Plan during the first quarter of 2023 and repurchased and retired 4,098,000, 17,425,000 and 5,572,000 shares in the open market for a total cost of $250 million, $1 billion, and $250 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For the full year 2025, the company expects repurchases of approximately $1 billion under the 2022 Share Buyback Plan and 2024 Share Buyback Plan discussed above. The total amount, timing, price and volume of purchases will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other market and company specific factors.
EIDP Liquidity Discussion
As discussed in EIDP Note 1 - Basis of Presentation, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, EIDP is a subsidiary of Corteva, Inc. and continues to be a reporting company, subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act. The below relates to EIDP only and is presented to provide a Liquidity discussion, only for the differences between EIDP and Corteva, Inc.
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2,338 million compared to an as-restated $1,768 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 48, under the header "Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations," as well as lower net interest expense related to loan activity with Corteva.
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was an as-restated $1,768 million compared to $879 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 48, under the header "Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations."
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $(151) million compared to $(40) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 49, under the header "Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations."
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $(40) million compared to $(40) million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 49, under the header "Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations."
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Cash provided by (used for) investing activities
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $(228) million compared to an as-restated $(2,007) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 49, under the header "Cash provided by (used for) investing activities," in addition to loan repayments by Corteva during 2024 on the related party Master In-House Banking Agreement.
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was an as-restated $(2,007) million compared to $(632) million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily driven by the items noted on page 49, under the header "Cash provided by (used for) investing activities."
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) financing activities was $(1,602) million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an as-restated $(38) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily due to lower debt borrowings and higher debt payments and issuance of a cash dividend by EIDP to Corteva, Inc., partially offset by lower related party debt payments.
EIDP’s cash provided by (used for) financing activities was an as-restated $(38) million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $(1,147) million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily due to the higher borrowings to fund working capital needs, capital spending, and to partially fund the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions. The change was also driven by lower payments on related party debt.
See EIDP Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the related party loan between EIDP and Corteva, Inc.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The company's significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Management believes that the application of these policies on a consistent basis enables the company to provide the users of the financial statements with useful and reliable information about the company's operating results and financial condition.
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts, including, but not limited to, receivable and inventory valuations, impairment of tangible and intangible assets, long-term employee benefit obligations, income taxes, environmental matters and litigation. Management's estimates are based on historical experience, facts and circumstances available at the time and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. The company reviews these matters and reflects changes in estimates as appropriate. Management believes that the following represent the more critical judgment areas in the application of the company's accounting policies which could have a material effect on the company's financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefits
Accounting for employee benefit plans involves assumptions and estimates. Discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets are two critical assumptions in measuring the cost and benefit obligation of the company's pension and OPEB plans. Management reviews these two key assumptions when plans are re-measured. These and other assumptions are updated periodically to reflect the actual experience and expectations on a plan specific basis as appropriate. As permitted by GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated on a plan by plan basis and to the extent that such differences exceed 10 percent of the greater of the plan's benefit obligation or the applicable plan assets, the excess is amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees or the average remaining life expectancy of plan participants if all or almost all of a plan’s participants are inactive.
Most of the company's benefit obligation for pensions and OPEB are attributable to the U.S. benefit plans. For U.S. benefit plans, the single equivalent discount rate is developed by matching the expected cash flow of the benefit plans to a yield curve constructed from a portfolio of high quality fixed-income instruments provided by the plans' actuaries as of the measurement date. The company measures the service and interest cost components utilizing a full yield curve approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows.
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For the non-U.S. benefit plans, the company primarily utilizes prevailing long-term high quality corporate bond indices to determine the discount rate, applicable to each country, at the measurement date. The weighted average discount rates used in developing the expected 2025 net periodic pension and OPEB costs were 5.59 percent and 5.50 percent, respectively.
For the U.S. plan, the company establishes strategic asset allocation percentage targets and appropriate benchmarks for significant asset classes with the aim of achieving a prudent balance between return and risk. Where appropriate, asset-liability studies are also taken into consideration. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based upon historical real returns (net of inflation) for the asset classes covered by the investment policy, expected performance, and projections of inflation and interest rates over the long-term period during which benefits are payable to plan participants. In determining the 2024 net periodic pension cost in the U.S., an assumption of 4.50 percent for expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was used. After re-evaluating the current strategic asset allocation and market conditions, the company increased the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption to 6.00 percent to be used in determining the 2025 net periodic pension cost in the U.S. Consistent with prior years, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets in the U.S. reflects the asset allocation of the plan and the effect of the company's active management of the plan's assets. For the non-U.S. plans, the strategic asset allocations are selected in accordance with the laws and practices for each country.
In determining annual expense for the principal U.S. pension plan, the company uses a market-related value of assets rather than its fair value. Accordingly, there may be a lag in recognition of changes in market valuation. As a result, changes in the fair value of assets are not immediately reflected in the company's calculation of net periodic pension cost. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the market-related value of assets is calculated by averaging market returns over 36 months.
The following table shows the market-related value and fair value of plan assets for the principal U.S. pension plan:
(In billions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Market-related value of assets $ 10.6 $ 11.9 $ 13.6
Fair value of plan assets
$ 10.4 $ 11.4 $ 12.3
For plans other than the principal U.S. pension plan, pension expense is determined using the fair value of assets.
The following table highlights the potential impact on the company's pre-tax earnings due to changes in certain key assumptions with respect to the company's pension and OPEB plans, based on assets and liabilities at December 31, 2024:
Pre-tax Earnings Benefit (Charge)
(Dollars in millions)
1/4 Percentage
Point
Increase 1/4 Percentage
Point
Decrease
Discount rate $ (14) $ 15
Expected rate of return on plan assets $ 26 $ (26)
Additional information with respect to pension and OPEB expenses, liabilities and assumptions is discussed under "Long-Term Employee Benefits" beginning on page 56 and in Note 18 - Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefits, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Environmental Matters
Accruals for environmental matters are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2024, the company had accrued obligations of $478 million for probable environmental remediation and restoration costs, including $46 million for the remediation of Superfund sites. As remediation activities vary substantially in duration and cost from site to site, it is difficult to develop precise estimates of future site remediation costs. The company's estimates are based on a number of factors, including the complexity of the geology, the nature and extent of contamination, the type of remedy, the outcome of discussions with regulatory agencies and other Potentially Responsible Parties ("PRPs") at multi-party sites and the number of and financial viability of other PRPs. Therefore, considerable uncertainty exists with respect to environmental remediation and costs, and, under adverse changes in circumstances, it is reasonably possible that the ultimate cost with respect to these particular matters could range up to approximately $600 million above the accrued obligations amount. Consequently, it is reasonably possible that environmental remediation and restoration costs in excess of amounts accrued could have a material impact on the company’s results of
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
operations, financial condition and cash flows. It is the opinion of the company’s management, however, that the possibility is remote that costs in excess of the range disclosed will have a material impact on the company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. For further discussion, see "Environmental Matters" section on page 58 and Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Legal Contingencies
The company's results of operations could be affected by significant litigation adverse to the company, including product liability claims, patent infringement and antitrust claims, and claims for third-party property damage or personal injury stemming from alleged environmental torts. The company records accruals for legal matters when the information available indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Management makes adjustments to these accruals to reflect the impact and status of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of counsel and other information and events that may pertain to a particular matter. Predicting the outcome of claims and lawsuits and estimating related costs and exposure involves substantial uncertainties that could cause actual costs to vary materially from estimates. In making determinations of likely outcomes of litigation matters, management considers many factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the nature of specific claims including unasserted claims, the company's experience with similar types of claims, the jurisdiction in which the matter is filed, input from outside legal counsel, the likelihood of resolving the matter through alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, and the matter's current status. Considerable judgment is required in determining whether to establish a litigation accrual when an adverse judgment is rendered against the company in a court proceeding. In such situations, the company will not recognize a loss if, based upon a thorough review of all relevant facts and information, management believes that it is probable that the pending judgment will be successfully overturned on appeal. A detailed discussion of significant litigation matters is contained in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Indemnification Assets
The company has entered into various agreements where the company is indemnified for certain liabilities by DuPont, Dow and Chemours. The term of this indemnification is generally indefinite and includes defense costs and expenses, as well as monetary and non-monetary settlements and judgments. In connection with the recognition of liabilities related to these matters, the company records an indemnification asset when recovery is deemed probable. In assessing the probability of recovery, the company considers the contractual rights under the separation agreements and any potential credit risk. Future events, such as potential disputes related to recovery as well as the solvency of DuPont, Dow and/or Chemours, could cause the indemnification assets to have a lower value than anticipated and recorded. The company evaluates the recovery of the indemnification assets recorded when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying values may not be fully recoverable. See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information related to indemnifications.
Income Taxes
The breadth of the company's operations and the global complexity of tax regulations require assessments of uncertainties and judgments in estimating taxes the company will ultimately pay. The final taxes paid are dependent upon many factors, including negotiations with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions, outcomes of tax litigation and resolution of disputes arising from federal, state and international tax audits in the normal course of business. The resolution of these uncertainties may result in adjustments to the company's tax assets and tax liabilities. It is reasonably possible that changes to the company’s global unrecognized tax benefits could be significant; however, due to the uncertainty regarding the timing of completion of audits and possible outcomes, a current estimate of the range of increases or decreases that may occur within the next twelve months cannot be made.
Deferred income taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of the company's assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the need for and magnitude of appropriate valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. The realization of these assets is dependent on generating future taxable income, as well as successful implementation of various tax planning strategies. For example, changes in facts and circumstances that alter the probability that the company will realize deferred tax assets could result in recording a valuation allowance, thereby reducing the deferred tax asset and generating a deferred tax expense in the relevant period. In some situations, these changes could be material.
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At December 31, 2024, the company had a net deferred tax liability balance of $77 million, inclusive of a valuation allowance of $666 million. Realization of deferred tax assets is expected to occur over an extended period of time. As a result, changes in tax laws, assumptions with respect to future taxable income, and tax planning strategies could result in adjustments to deferred tax assets.
See Note 8 - Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Valuation of Assets and Impairment Considerations
The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are measured at their estimated fair values at the dates of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill. The determination and allocation of fair value to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on various assumptions and valuation methodologies requiring considerable management judgment, including estimates based on historical information, current market data and future expectations. The principal assumptions utilized in the company's valuation methodologies include revenue growth rates, EBITDA margin estimates, royalty rates, and discount rates. Although the estimates are deemed reasonable by management based on information available at the dates of acquisition, those estimates are inherently uncertain.
Assessment of the potential impairment of goodwill, other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, investments in nonconsolidated affiliates, and other assets is an integral part of the company's normal ongoing review of operations. Testing for potential impairment of these assets is significantly dependent on numerous assumptions and reflects management's best estimates at a particular point in time. The dynamic economic environment in which the company's segments operate, and key economic and business assumptions with respect to projected selling prices, market growth and inflation rates, can significantly affect the outcome of impairment tests. Estimates based on these assumptions may differ significantly from actual results. Changes in factors and assumptions used in assessing potential impairments can have a significant impact on the existence and magnitude of impairments, as well as the time in which such impairments are recognized. In addition, the company continually reviews its portfolio of assets to ensure they are achieving their greatest potential and are aligned with the company's growth strategy. Strategic decisions involving a particular group of assets may trigger an assessment of the recoverability of the related assets. Such an assessment could result in impairment losses.
The company tests goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually (during the fourth quarter), or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit has declined below its carrying value. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment using qualitative and / or quantitative testing procedures. The company performs goodwill impairment testing at the reporting unit level, which is defined as the operating segment or one level below the operating segment. One level below the operating segment, or component, is a business in which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management. The company aggregates certain components into reporting units based on economic similarities. The company’s reporting units are Seed and Crop Protection.
For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, the company has the option to first perform qualitative testing to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Qualitative factors assessed at the company level include GDP growth rates, long-term commodity prices, equity and credit market activity, discount rates, and overall financial performance. Qualitative factors assessed at the reporting unit level include changes in industry and market structure, competitive environments and new product launches, cost factors such as raw material prices, and financial performance of the reporting unit. If the company chooses not to complete a qualitative assessment for a given reporting unit or if the initial assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, additional quantitative testing is required.
If additional quantitative testing is required, the reporting unit’s fair value is compared with its carrying amount, and an impairment charge, if any, is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill associated with the reporting unit. The company determines fair values for each of the reporting units using a discounted cash flow model (a form of the income approach), utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs.
Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate. The company’s significant assumptions in these analyses include future cash flow projections, weighted average cost of capital, the terminal growth rate and the tax rate. The company’s estimates of future cash flows are
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based on current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating results, and assumed business strategy from a market participant perspective and includes an estimate of long-term future growth rates based on such strategy. Actual results may differ from those assumed in the company’s forecasts. The company derives its discount rates using a capital asset pricing model and analyzes published rates for industries relevant to its reporting units to estimate the cost of equity financing. The company uses discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in the respective reporting units and in its internally developed forecasts.
Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the use of estimates and significant judgments that are based on a number of factors including actual operating results. It is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates described above could change in future periods. The company believes the current assumptions and estimates utilized are both reasonable and appropriate. Based on the qualitative annual goodwill impairment analyses performed in the fourth quarter 2024, it was concluded more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its respective carrying value and, therefore, a quantitative test was not performed. No goodwill impairment charge was necessary.
Prepaid Royalties
The company’s Seed segment currently has certain third-party biotechnology trait license agreements, which require up-front and variable payments subject to the licensor meeting certain conditions. These payments are reflected as other current assets and other assets and are amortized to cost of goods sold as seeds containing the respective trait technology are utilized over the term of the license. The rate of royalty amortization expense recognized is based on the company’s strategic plans which include various assumptions and estimates including product portfolio, market dynamics, farmer preferences, growth rates and projected planted acres. Changes in factors and assumptions included in the strategic plans, including potential changes to the product portfolio in favor of internally developed biotechnology, could impact the rate of recognition of the relevant prepaid royalty.
At December 31, 2024, the balance of prepaid royalties reflected in other current assets and other assets was approximately $65 million and $160 million, respectively. Through June 30, 2024, the prepaid royalties balance largely related to the non-exclusive license in the United States and Canada for the Monsanto Company's Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield® glyphosate tolerance trait and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® glyphosate and dicamba tolerance trait for soybeans, which was obtained by the company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (“Pioneer”) (“Roundup Ready 2 License Agreement”).
In connection with the departure from these traits in the company's product portfolio in favor of the Enlist E3TM trait platform, beginning January 1, 2020 the company presents and discloses accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense associated with these prepaid royalties as a component of restructuring and asset related charges - net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense represents the difference between the rate of amortization based on the revised number of units expected to contain the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® trait technology and the per unit cash rate per the Roundup Ready 2 License Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, the Enlist E3TM trait platform has grown to 65 percent of our soybean portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the company recognized charges of $55 million in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations from non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense, which as of the end of the second quarter of 2024 is complete. For further discussion of accelerated prepaid royalty amortization, refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Certain Guarantee Contracts
Information with respect to the company's guarantees is included in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Historically, the company has not made significant payments to satisfy guarantee obligations; however, the company believes it has the financial resources to satisfy these guarantees.
MOU Escrow Contributions
On January 22, 2021, Chemours, DuPont, Corteva and EIDP entered into a binding memorandum of understanding containing a settlement to resolve legal disputes originating from the Delaware Litigation and Pending Arbitration, and to establish a cost sharing arrangement for potential future legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”) liabilities arising out of pre-July 1, 2015 conduct (the “MOU”). Under the terms of the MOU, Corteva’s estimated aggregate share of the potential $2 billion is approximately $600 million. In order to support and manage any potential future PFAS liabilities, the parties have also agreed
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
to establish an escrow account ("MOU Escrow Account"). The MOU provides that contributions to the MOU Escrow Account will be made by Chemours, DuPont and Corteva, annually over an eight-year period through 2028. Over this period, Chemours will deposit a total of $500 million in the account and DuPont and Corteva, together, will deposit an additional $500 million pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement. Additionally, if on December 31, 2028, the balance of the MOU Escrow Account (including interest) is less than $700 million, Chemours will make 50% of the deposits and DuPont and Corteva, together, will make 50% of the deposits necessary to restore the balance of the escrow account to $700 million pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement.
The company made its annual installment deposits due to the MOU Escrow Account through December 31, 2024, waiving the contribution due in 2023 pursuant to the supplemental agreement to the MOU executed by Chemours, DuPont and Corteva provided certain conditions were met. Refer to Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further details on the MOU and funding of the MOU Escrow Account.
Contractual Obligations
Our principal commitments consist of long-term debt, operating and finance lease obligations and environmental remediation obligations. Refer to Note 15 - Short-Term Borrowings, Long-Term Debt and Available Credit Facilities, Note 14 - Leases, and Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively, for further discussion.
Information related to the company's other significant contractual obligations are summarized in the following table:
Payments Due In
(In millions) Total at
December 31, 2024 2025 2026 and
beyond
Expected cumulative cash requirements for interest payments
through maturity $ 459 $ 100 $ 359
Purchase obligations1
2,242 685 1,557
License agreements2, 3
207 46 161
Other liabilities2, 4
274 41 233
Total 5
$ 3,182 $ 872 $ 2,310
1.Represents enforceable and legally binding agreements in excess of $1 million to purchase goods or services that specify fixed or minimum quantities; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the agreement.
2.Included in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. Represents undiscounted remaining payments under Pioneer license agreements (approximately $188 million on a discounted basis).
4. Includes liabilities related to employee-related benefits other than pension and other post-employment benefits, asset retirement obligations and other noncurrent liabilities.
5. Due to uncertainty regarding the completion of tax audits and possible outcomes, the timing of certain payments of obligations related to unrecognized tax benefits cannot be made and have been excluded from the table above. See Note 8 - Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional detail.
The company expects to meet its contractual obligations through its normal sources of liquidity and believes it has the financial resources to satisfy the contractual obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business.
Long-Term Employee Benefits
The company has various obligations to its employees and retirees. The company maintains retirement-related programs in many countries that have a long-term impact on the company's earnings and cash flows. These plans are typically defined benefit pension plans, as well as medical, dental and life insurance benefits for pensioners and survivors and disability benefits for employees ("other post-employment benefits" or "OPEB"). Substantially all of the company's worldwide benefit obligation for pensions and OPEB obligations are attributable to the U.S. benefit plans.
Pension coverage for employees of the company's non-U.S. consolidated subsidiaries is provided, to the extent deemed appropriate, through separate plans. The company regularly explores alternative solutions to meet its global pension obligations in the most cost effective manner possible as demographics, life expectancy and country-specific pension funding rules change. Where permitted by applicable law, the company reserves the right to change, modify or discontinue its plans that provide pension, medical, dental, life insurance and disability benefits.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Benefits under defined benefit pension plans are based primarily on years of service and employees' pay near retirement. In November 2016, the company announced changes to the U.S. pension and OPEB plans, and on November 30, 2018, the company froze the pay and service amounts used to calculate pension benefits for active employees who participate in the U.S. pension plans, resulting in the participants no longer accruing additional benefits. In addition, OPEB eligible employees who were under the age of 50 as of November 30, 2018 will not receive post-employment medical, dental and life insurance benefits. The majority of employees hired in the U.S. on or after January 1, 2007 are not eligible to participate in the pension and post-employment medical, dental and life insurance plans, but are eligible to participate in the defined contribution plans.
In December 2020, the company amended its retiree medical, dental and life insurance plans resulting in the company no longer providing retiree dental and life insurance benefits effective January 1, 2022 and Corteva’s portion of the cost of non-Medicare retiree medical coverage no longer being adjusted for cost increases, which capped the Corteva cost at the level as of December 31, 2021 ("2020 OPEB Plan Amendments"). As a result of these changes, the company recorded a $939 million decrease in OPEB benefit obligations as of December 31, 2020 with a corresponding prior service benefit within other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020. A substantial amount of the prior service benefit within other comprehensive income (loss) in 2020 was recognized in other income (expense) - net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during 2021 with the remainder recognized during 2022.
Pension benefits are paid primarily from trust funds established to comply with applicable laws and regulations. The actuarial assumptions and procedures utilized are reviewed periodically by the plans' actuaries to provide reasonable assurance that there will be adequate funds for the payment of benefits. The company did not make contributions to the principal U.S. pension plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.
Funding for each pension plan other than the principal U.S. pension plan is governed by the rules of the sovereign country in which it operates. Thus, there is not necessarily a direct correlation between pension funding and pension expense. In general, however, improvements in plans' funded status tend to moderate subsequent funding needs. The company contributed $5 million, $5 million, and $6 million to its funded pension plans other than the principal U.S. pension plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
U.S. pension benefits that exceed federal limitations are covered by separate unfunded plans and these benefits are paid to pensioners and survivors from operating cash flows. The company's remaining pension plans with no plan assets are paid from operating cash flows. The company made benefit payments of $45 million, $47 million, and $53 million to its unfunded plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The company's OPEB plans are unfunded and the cost of the approved claims is paid from operating cash flows. Pre-tax cash requirements to cover actual net claims costs and related administrative expenses were $101 million, $97 million, and $122 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in cash requirements reflect the net impact of per capita health care cost, demographic changes, plan amendments and changes in participant premiums, co-pays and deductibles.
In 2025, the company expects to contribute approximately $40 million to its pension plans other than the principal U.S. pension plan and approximately $105 million to its OPEB plans. The company does not anticipate making contributions to its principal U.S. pension plan in 2025.
The company's income can be significantly affected by pension and defined contribution benefits as well as OPEB costs. The following table summarizes the extent to which the company's income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was affected by pre-tax charges related to long-term employee benefits:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost - pension and OPEB $ 160 $ 138 $ (142)
Defined contributions 146 146 133
Long-term employee benefit plan (credit) charges - continuing operations $ 306 $ 284 $ (9)
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
The above (credit) charges for pension and OPEB are determined as of the beginning of each period. Long-term employee benefit plan (credits) costs were $306 million and $284 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change is mainly due to a decrease in asset values. See "Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefits" under the Critical Accounting Estimates section beginning on page 51 of this report for additional information on determining annual expense.
For 2025, long-term employee benefit costs are expected to decrease by approximately $125 million. The change is mainly due the increase in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption for the U.S plan net of the increase in the discount rates.
Environmental Matters
The company operates global manufacturing, product handling and distribution facilities that are subject to a broad array of environmental laws and regulations. Such rules are subject to change by the implementing governmental agency, and the company monitors these changes closely. Company policy requires that all operations fully meet or exceed legal and regulatory requirements. In addition, the company implements voluntary programs to reduce air emissions, minimize the generation of hazardous waste, decrease the volume of water use and discharges, increase the efficiency of energy use and reduce the generation of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic materials. Management has noted a global upward trend in the amount and complexity of proposed chemicals regulation. The costs to comply with complex environmental laws and regulations, as well as internal voluntary programs and goals, are significant and will continue to be significant for the foreseeable future.
Pre-tax environmental expenses charged to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes are summarized below:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Environmental operating costs $ 168 $ 178 $ 154
Environmental remediation costs1
42 47 84
$ 210 $ 225 $ 238
1.Environmental remediation costs include costs that are subject to the $200 million threshold and sharing arrangements as discussed in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, under the header Corteva Separation Agreement.
Environmental Operating Costs
As a result of its operations, the company incurs costs for pollution abatement activities including waste collection and disposal, installation and maintenance of air pollution controls and wastewater treatment, emissions testing and monitoring, and obtaining permits. The company also incurs costs related to environmental related research and development activities including environmental field and treatment studies as well as toxicity and degradation testing to evaluate the environmental impact of products and raw materials.
About 85 percent of total pre-tax environmental operating costs charged to income (loss) from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 resulted from operations in the U.S. Based on existing facts and circumstances, management does not believe that year-over-year changes, if any, in environmental operating costs charged to current operations will have a material impact on the company's financial position, liquidity or results of operations. Annual expenditures in the near term are not expected to vary significantly from the range of such expenditures experienced in the past few years. Longer term, expenditures are subject to considerable uncertainty and may fluctuate significantly.
Part II
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
Remediation Accrual
Changes in the remediation accrual balance are summarized below:
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 512
Remediation payments (50)
Net increase in remediation accrual 1
Net change, indemnification 2
(8)
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 501
Remediation payments (58)
Net increase in remediation accrual 1
Net change, indemnification 2
(7)
Balance at December 31, 20243
$ 478
1.Excludes indemnified remediation obligations.
2.Represents the net change in indemnified remediation obligations based on activity. Pursuant to the Chemours Separation Agreement and subsequent MOU, and the Corteva Separation Agreement, as discussed in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, EIDP is indemnified by Chemours and DuPont for certain environmental matters.
3.Includes accrued obligations of $131 million due in the next twelve months with the remainder being due subsequent to 2024.
Considerable uncertainty exists with respect to environmental remediation costs and, under adverse changes in circumstances, the potential liability may range up to approximately $600 million above the amount accrued as of December 31, 2024. However, based on existing facts and circumstances, management does not believe that any loss, in excess of amounts accrued, related to remediation activities at any individual site will have a material impact on the financial position, liquidity or results of operations of the company. Refer to Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities for further details on the company’s accrued obligations at December 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2024, the company has been notified of potential liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("Superfund") or similar state laws at 507 sites around the U.S., including approximately 100 sites for which the company does not believe it has liability based on current information. Active remediation is under way at approximately 60 of the 507 sites. In addition, the company has resolved its liability at about 212 sites, either by completing remedial actions with other PRPs or by participating in "de minimis buyouts" with other PRPs whose waste, like the company's, represented only a small fraction of the total waste present at a site. There were no new notices in 2024 and two new notices in 2023.
Environmental Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures for environmental projects, either required by law or necessary to meet the company’s internal environmental goals, were approximately $7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The company currently estimates expenditures for environmental-related capital projects to be approximately $8 million in 2025.
Climate Change
The company believes that climate change is an important global environmental concern that presents risks and opportunities, of which the Sustainability and Innovation Committee of the Board of Directors maintains oversight. Management regularly assesses and manages climate-related issues. Across its business, individuals who are responsible for climate-related initiatives may have annual performance goals tied to the delivery of projects related to these initiatives.
Continuing political and social attention to climate change and its impacts has resulted in regulatory and market-based approaches to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The company believes there is a way forward for sustainable climate change mitigation that both enables farmers to meet the demands of a growing population and secures the economic future for the vast majority of the world’s population who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods.
Extreme and volatile weather due to climate change may have an adverse impact on our customers’ ability to use the company's products and seed supply, potentially reducing sales volumes, revenues and margins. The company continuously evaluates opportunities for existing and new product and service offerings to meet the anticipated demands of climate-smart agriculture
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, continued
and mitigate the impact of extreme and volatile weather. The company integrates processes for identifying, assessing and managing climate-related risk into its enterprise risk management program.
While Corteva is working to reduce its role in the emission of greenhouse gasses, it also invests in enabling innovation that can create a more resilient agriculture value chain. The company engages with multiple stakeholders and partners around the globe regarding our innovations and actionable ideas to help safeguard the health and well-being of the planet and its people.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The company’s global operations are exposed to financial market risks relating to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. The company has established a variety of programs including the use of derivative instruments and other financial instruments to manage the exposure to financial market risks as to minimize volatility of financial results. In the ordinary course of business, the company enters into derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to foreign currency and commodity price risks under established procedures and controls. For additional information on these derivatives and related exposures, see Note 20 - Financial Instruments, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Decisions regarding whether or not to hedge a given commitment are made on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the amount and duration of the exposure, market volatility and economic trends. Foreign currency exchange contracts may be used, from time to time, to manage near-term foreign currency cash requirements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks
The company has significant international operations resulting in a large number of currency transactions that result from international sales, purchases, investments and borrowings. The primary currencies for which the company has an exchange rate exposure are the Brazilian real, Euro, Swiss franc, Canadian dollar and Argentine peso. The company uses foreign exchange contracts, where possible, to offset its net exposures, by currency, related to the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its operations. The company also uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset a portion of the company's exposure to certain forecasted transactions, investment in foreign subsidiaries, as well as the translation of foreign currency-denominated earnings and uses commodity contracts to offset risks associated with foreign currency devaluation in certain countries. In addition to the contracts disclosed in Note 20 - Financial Instruments, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, from time to time, the company may enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to establish with certainty the U.S. dollar ("USD") amount of future firm commitments denominated in a foreign currency.
The following table illustrates the fair values of outstanding foreign currency contracts at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the effect on fair values of a hypothetical adverse change in the foreign exchange rates that existed at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The sensitivities for foreign currency contracts are based on a 10 percent adverse change in foreign exchange rates.
Fair Value
(Liability)/Asset Fair Value
Sensitivity
(In millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023
Foreign currency contracts $ (33) $ 22 $ (460) $ (492)
The potential gain/loss in value for each risk management portfolio described above would be offset in part by changes in the value of the underlying exposure.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The company maintains cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivatives and certain other financial instruments with various financial institutions. These financial institutions are generally highly rated and geographically dispersed and the company has a policy to limit the dollar amount of credit exposure with any one institution.
As part of the company's financial risk management processes, it continuously evaluates the relative credit standing of all of the financial institutions that service Corteva and monitors actual exposures versus established limits. The company has not sustained credit losses from instruments held at financial institutions.
The company's sales are not materially dependent on any single customer. Credit risk associated with its receivables balance is representative of the geographic, industry and customer diversity associated with the company's global product lines.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK, continued
The company also maintains strong credit controls in evaluating and granting customer credit. As a result, it may require that customers provide some type of financial guarantee in certain circumstances. Length of terms for customer credit varies by region.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and supplementary data required by this Item are included herein, commencing on page of this report.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Part II

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Corteva, Inc.
a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures to give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the company's reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These controls and procedures also give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of December 31, 2024, the company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), together with management, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting.
EIDP, Inc.
a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
EIDP maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures to give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in EIDP's reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These controls and procedures also give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As of December 31, 2024, EIDP's CEO and CFO, together with management, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of EIDP's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level, due to the material weakness described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing on page.
b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in EIDP's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, EIDP's internal control over financial reporting.
Part II

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information with respect to this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy, including information within the sections entitled, "Election of Directors," and "Corporate Governance."
Code of Financial Ethics
The company has adopted a Code of Financial Ethics for its CEO, CFO, and Controller that may be accessed from the company's website at www.corteva.com by clicking on "Investors" and then "Corporate Governance." Any amendments to, or waiver from, any provision of the code will be posted on the company's website at the above address.
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
The company has adopted insider trading policies and procedures governing the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of the company's securities by directors, officers and employees, and the company, that are reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and any listing standards applicable to the company.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Our executive officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The names of our executive officers and their ages, titles, and biographies as of February 14, 2025 are set forth below:
Charles V. Magro, age 55, was named Chief Executive Officer and Director of Corteva effective November 2021. Prior to joining Corteva, Mr. Magro served as President and CEO of Nutrien Ltd. from the company’s launch in 2018 until April 2021. From 2014 to 2018, he served as President and CEO of Agrium Inc., which merged with Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan Inc. to create Nutrien Ltd. As President and CEO of Nutrien Ltd., Mr. Magro led more than 27,000 employees to achieve best-in-class engagement, top safety performance and exceptional business results. While at Nutrien he also led the company through numerous M&A transactions thereby, expanding its global footprint. Prior to this role, Mr. Magro held a variety of other key leadership positions with the company, including Chief Operating Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, and Vice President of Manufacturing. He joined Agrium Inc. in 2009 following a productive career with NOVA Chemicals Corp. Mr. Magro has served on the board of directors of Ingredion Inc., a global provider of ingredient solutions to the food and beverage manufacturing industry since May 2022. Mr. Magro previously served on the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board from 2018 until March 2022.
David P. Johnson, age 58, was named Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer effective in September 2024. Prior to joining Corteva, Mr. Johnson served as Atkore Inc.’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of Atkore Inc. from August 2018 through August 9, 2024, and has more than 30 years of experience in strategic and financial planning, risk assessment, mergers & acquisitions, global tax strategies, international operations, and internal controls. Prior to joining Atkore Inc., Mr. Johnson served in various finance leadership roles at Eaton Corporation from 1995 through 2018. Most recently at Eaton, Mr. Johnson was Vice President-Finance & Operations for the electrical sector business, where he was responsible for sector financial planning, analysis, and reporting; compliance, credit & collections; government accounting; as well as global purchasing, manufacturing strategies, logistics and distribution. Prior to that, Mr. Johnson was Vice President-Finance and Planning for the Americas region (Eaton Electrical) where he was responsible for reporting, planning, acquisitions, and implementing common financial policies / reporting across numerous recently acquired businesses. During his tenure at Eaton, Mr. Johnson held other roles of progressive responsibilities, including Plant Controller, Division Controller, Director of Finance & Business Development, Vice President Finance & Business Development, and Vice President Finance & Planning-Europe, Middle East, and Asia.
Judd O’Connor, age 54, was named Executive Vice President, Seed Business Unit of Corteva, effective December 2024. Mr. O’Connor has over 25 years of experience in agriculture and has served as the Company’s President for the North America commercial business since July 2022. Prior to that, Mr. O’Connor served as the President for the company’s U.S. commercial business since August 2018. Prior to the Company’s spin from DowDuPont, Inc., Mr. O’Connor was the North America Commercial Leader for DuPont Pioneer, where he was responsible for integration activities supporting the merger of DuPont and The Dow Chemical Company. Mr. O’Connor held various leadership positions in the Company’s seed business including Vice President of Integrated Operations & Commercial Effectiveness for DuPont Pioneer, Business Director and Vice President for the Pioneer® brand sales organization, and Business President for DuPont Latin America. Prior to joining Corteva, Mr. O’Connor began his career in the crop protection sector with American Cyanamid where he held a number of sales, marketing
Part III
and leadership positions. He serves on the board of directors for CropLife America and America’s Cultivation Corridor, where he is past Chair of the Board. He has previously served on the board of directors for the Greater Des Moines Partnership.
Robert King, age 54, was named Executive Vice President, Crop Protection Business Unit of Corteva effective April 2022. Mr. King is a highly experienced executive in the specialty chemicals and agriculture industry. Prior to joining Corteva, Mr. King served as Senior Vice President and Chief Integrated Supply Chain Officer at Nouryon from December 2020 to March 2022, where he spearheaded the global and cross-business integration of the company’s supply chain. From December 2019 to December 2020, he previously served as Vice President of Global Operations for PPG’s industrial segment. Mr. King was also the Vice President of Global Supply Chain from July 2018 to December 2019 for Nutrien Ltd., where he worked for five years and was appointed to lead the centralization of the company’s supply chain. Prior to this, he served as a Regional Manager at Nutrien Ltd. and as the Vice President of Nitrogen Operations and Services at Agrium Inc. in Canada before the company became Nutrien in July 2018. Mr. King started his career at Celanese Corp., where he worked for nearly two decades and held management roles around the world. Mr. King currently serves on the American Chemistry Council Board of Directors and is on the Texas Tech College of Engineering Dean’s Council.
Dr. Samuel Eathington, age 56, was named Executive Vice President, Chief Technology and Digital Officer of Corteva effective April 2022, where he is responsible for leading the company’s global research and development organization, building and expanding its industry-leading pipeline, and overseeing all aspects of Corteva’s digital farming strategy and investments. He joined Corteva in November 2020 and served as Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer from January 2021 until April 2022. A recognized leader in agricultural innovation, Dr. Eathington served as Chief Science Officer of The Climate Corporation (part of the crop science division of Bayer AG) from December 2015 until April 2020. Prior to assuming that role, Dr. Eathington spent 19 years with Monsanto Corporation, in various roles and becoming Vice President, Global Plant Breeding beginning in February 2011.
Cornel B. Fuerer, age 58, was named Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Corteva effective May 2019, where he is responsible for legal, compliance, and public affairs. Mr. Fuerer previously served as General Counsel of the agriculture division of DowDuPont Inc. since June 2018 and prior to that served as Associate General Counsel supporting the agriculture division of DowDuPont after their merger in September 2017. From 2013 to 2017, he served as Associate General Counsel of DuPont with responsibility for the legal affairs of DuPont’s agriculture business and from 2012 to 2013 he served as the Corporate Secretary of DuPont. From 2007 to 2012, Mr. Fuerer served as the Vice President, General Counsel and Company Secretary of Solae, a food ingredients joint venture between DuPont and Bunge. After joining DuPont in 1995 as an attorney in Geneva, Switzerland, he served in various legal roles in Hong Kong and Wuppertal, Germany until his appointment at Solae in 2007.
Audrey Grimm, age 44, was named Senior Vice President and Chief People Officer of Corteva effective January 2025. Ms. Grimm previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources and Diversity Officer of Corteva since March 2022. Beginning in 2021, she served as Vice President, Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) HR, with added responsibility for the company’s global culture and Inclusion and Belonging efforts, and before that as HR Director for the EMEA region from 2017 to 2021. Ms. Grimm spent her early career with Dow Chemical, where she held a series of progressive HR roles leading to her appointment as Vice President, HR of the Agricultural division of Dow Chemical in 2015.
Brian Titus, age 52, was named Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer of Corteva effective May 2019. Mr. Titus previously served as the Controller and Principal Accounting Officer of the agriculture division of DowDuPont Inc. since February 2019. Prior to this, he was general auditor of DuPont since August 2015 and previously served as the Director of Corporate Accounting from 2014 to 2015 and Global Finance Leader of DuPont Crop Protection from 2013 to 2014. Prior to joining DuPont’s corporate accounting group in 2010, he spent 14 years in public accounting, primarily with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, providing audit and transactional support services. Mr. Titus is a certified public accountant.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Except as otherwise set forth below, information with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Definitive Proxy Statement, including information within "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Compensation of Executive Officers, "Director Compensation," "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" and "Compensation Committee Report."
As discussed in the EIDP Explanatory Note at page and EIDP Note 1 - Basis of Presentation, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, EIDP’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows were required to be restated for the misclassification of
Part III
intercompany activities between EIDP and Corteva, Inc. Corteva, as EIDP’s parent company, has confirmed the misclassification was isolated to EIDP’s standalone financial statements, and did not impact the consolidated financial statements of Corteva, as intercompany transactions are eliminated upon consolidation; nor did the misclassification have any impact on Corteva’s internal control over financial reporting. Therefore, it had no impact on any financial reporting measures utilized by Corteva within its incentive-based compensation programs.
EIDP does not maintain standalone incentive-based compensation programs based upon EIDP financial reporting measures, nor does EIDP grant equity-based awards to its executives. Therefore, there was no erroneously awarded compensation subject to recovery as a result of EIDP's restatement.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information with respect to beneficial ownership of Corteva, Inc. common stock by each director, executive officer, and all directors and executive officers of the Company as a group is contained in the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Corteva, Inc. and is incorporated herein by reference.
Information relating to any person who beneficially owns in excess of 5 percent of the total outstanding shares of Corteva, Inc. common stock is contained in the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Corteva, Inc. and is incorporated herein by reference.
Information with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized for issuance is contained in the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Corteva, Inc. and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information with respect to this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Corteva, Inc., including information within the sections entitled, "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions", and "Director Independence."

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information with respect to this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meetings of Stockholders of Corteva, Inc., including information within the section entitled, “Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
Part IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules and Exhibits:
1.Corteva Financial Statements (See the Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page of this report).
2.Corteva Financial Statement Schedule (presented below)
3.EIDP Financial Statements (Starting on page of this report).
4.EIDP Financial Statement Schedule (presented below)
Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Corteva, Inc. and EIDP)
(Dollars in millions)
For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Accounts Receivable-Allowance for Doubtful Receivables
Balance at beginning of period $ 205 $ 194 $ 210
Additions charged to expenses 55 24 3
Deductions from reserves1
(81) (13) (19)
Balance at end of period $ 179 $ 205 $ 194
Deferred Tax Assets-Valuation Allowance
Balance at beginning of period $ 510 $ 342 $ 366
Additions charged to expenses 301 225 87
Purchase accounting adjustments - 8 -
Deductions from reserves2
(145) (65) (111)
Balance at end of period $ 666 $ 510 $ 342
1. Deductions include write-offs, recoveries collected and currency translation adjustments.
2. Deductions include amounts recorded to Other Comprehensive Income and currency translation adjustments.
Financial Statement Schedules listed under the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules but not included in this report are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.
Part IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, continued
5.Exhibits
The following list of exhibits includes both exhibits submitted with this Form 10-K as filed with the SEC and those incorporated by reference to other filings:
Exhibit
Number Description
2.1
Separation and Distribution Agreement by and among DuPont Inc., Dow Inc. and Corteva, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 2.1 to Amendment 3 to Corteva’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on April 16, 2019).
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Corteva, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 3.1 to Corteva’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on June 3, 2019).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Corteva, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 3.1 to Corteva’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on October 10, 2019).
3.3
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EIDP, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 3.3 to Corteva’s and EIDP’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file numbers 001-38710 and 001-00815), filed on May 4, 2023)
3.4
Amended and Restated Bylaws of EIDP, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to EIDP's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated September 1, 2017).
4.1
Description of Corteva, Inc. registered securities (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 001-38710) filed February 14, 2020).
4.2
Description of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company registered securities (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file number 001-38710) filed February 14, 2020).
10.1*
Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement, effective as of June 1, 2019 by and among DowDuPont Inc., Dow Inc. and Corteva, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Corteva’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710) filed on June 3, 2019).
10.2*
Employee Matters Agreement by and among DowDuPont Inc., Dow Inc., and Corteva, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.2 to Amendment 3 to Corteva’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on April 16, 2019).
10.3*
SpecCo/AgCo Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreement, effective as of June 1, 2019, by and among DowDuPont Inc., Corteva, Inc. and the other parties identified therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Corteva’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on June 3, 2019).
10.4*
Intellectual Property Cross-License Agreement by and between Corteva, Inc. and Dow Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.4 to Amendment 3 to Corteva’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on April 16, 2019).
10.5
Corteva, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.5 to Corteva’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on May 6, 2019).
10.6
Separation Agreement by and between E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and The Chemours Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated July 8, 2015).
10.7
Amendment No. 1 to Separation Agreement by and between E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and The Chemours Company, dated August 24, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated August 25, 2017).
10.8
Tax Matters Agreement by and between E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and The Chemours Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-815) dated July 8, 2015).
10.9
Amended and Restated Management Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Corteva’s and EIDP’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file numbers 001-38710 and 001-00815), filed on August 4, 2023).
10.10
The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Stock Accumulation and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to DowDuPont Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission file number 333-220324) filed September 1, 2017.)
10.11
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company's Pension Restoration Plan, as last amended effective June 29, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended June 30, 2015).
10.12
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company’s Rules for Lump Sum Payments, as last amended effective May 15, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended June 30, 2015).
10.13
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company’s Retirement Savings Restoration Plan, as last amended effective May 15, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.08 to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended June 30, 2014).
Part IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, continued
10.14
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company’s Retirement Income Plan for Directors, as last amended January 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 1-815) for the period ended March 31, 2012).
10.15
Supplemental Agreement to the Memorandum of Understanding between The Chemours Company, Corteva, Inc., E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and DuPont de Nemours, Inc., dated September 5, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Corteva’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on November 9, 2023).
10.16
Corteva, Inc. Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Corteva’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710), filed on October 28, 2021).
10.17*
Letter Agreement effective as of June 1, 2019 by and between DowDuPont Inc. and Corteva, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Corteva's Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710) filed June 3, 2019)
10.18*
Memorandum of Understanding, dated January 22, 2021, by and among The Chemours Company, Corteva, Inc., E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and DuPont de Nemours, Inc. (incorporated by reference from the Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710) filed January 22, 2021)
10.19
Form of Award Terms for Options granted under the Corteva, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan for U.S. grantees (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report Form 10-Q (Commission file number 001-38710) filed May 7, 2020).
10.20
Form of Award Terms for Performance Stock Units granted under the Corteva, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan for U.S. grantees (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report Form 10-Q (Commission file number 001-38710) filed May 5, 2022).
10.21
Form of Award Terms for Restricted Stock Units granted under the Corteva, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan for U.S. grantees (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report Form 10-Q (Commission file number 001-38710) filed May 5, 2022).
10.22
Form of Special CFO RSU Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Corteva’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 001-38710) filed April 6, 2021).
10.23
Corteva, Inc. Global Omnibus Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to Corteva’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission file number 333-249887), filed November 5, 2020).
10.24
Amendment to EIDP, Inc.’s Retirement Savings Restoration Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.2 to Corteva’s and EIDP’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission file numbers 001-38710 and 001-00815, respectively), filed on August 4, 2023).
Corteva Insider Trading Policy
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP - Corteva, Inc.
23.2
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP - EIDP, Inc.
31.1
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the company’s and EIDP’s Principal Executive Officer.
31.2
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the company’s and EIDP’s Principal Financial Officer.
32.1
Section 1350 Certification of the company’s and EIDP’s Principal Executive Officer. The information contained in this Exhibit shall not be deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission nor incorporated by reference in any registration statement filed by the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
32.2
Section 1350 Certification of the company’s and EIDP’s Principal Financial Officer. The information contained in this Exhibit shall not be deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission nor incorporated by reference in any registration statement filed by the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Corteva, Inc. Clawback Policy (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 97 to Corteva’s and EIDP’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission file numbers 001-38710 and 001-00815, respectively), filed on February 8, 2024).
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File - The Cover Page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (included in Exhibit 101.INS)
* Upon request of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), Corteva hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to such agreement; provided, however, that Corteva may omit confidential information pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) or request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act of any schedule or exhibit so furnished.
Corteva, Inc.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
February 14, 2025
Corteva, Inc.
By: /s/ Brian Titus
Brian Titus
Vice President, Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
_____________________________________________
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature Title(s) Date
/s/ Charles V. Magro Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
February 14, 2025
Charles V. Magro
/s/ Gregory R. Page Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director February 14, 2025
Gregory R. Page
/s/ Lamberto Andreotti Director February 14, 2025
Lamberto Andreotti
/s/ David C. Everitt Director February 14, 2025
David C. Everitt
/s/ Klaus A. Engel Director February 14, 2025
Klaus A. Engel
/s/ Michael O. Johanns Director February 14, 2025
Michael O. Johanns
/s/ Janet P. Giesselman Director February 14, 2025
Janet P. Giesselman
/s/ Karen H. Grimes Director February 14, 2025
Karen H. Grimes
/s/ Rebecca B. Liebert Director February 14, 2025
Rebecca B. Liebert
/s/ Marcos M. Lutz Director February 14, 2025
Marcos M. Lutz
/s/ Nayaki R. Nayyar Director February 14, 2025
Nayaki R. Nayyar
/s/ Kerry J. Preete Director February 14, 2025
Kerry J. Preete
/s/ Patrick J. Ward Director February 14, 2025
Patrick J. Ward
/s/ David P. Johnson Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer) February 14, 2025
David P. Johnson
EIDP, Inc.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
February 14, 2025
EIDP, Inc.
By: /s/ Brian Titus
Brian Titus
Vice President, Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
_____________________________________________
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature Title(s) Date
/s/ Charles V. Magro Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
February 14, 2025
Charles V. Magro
/s/ David P. Johnson Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Director
(Principal Financial Officer) February 14, 2025
David P. Johnson
Corteva, Inc.
Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Page(s)
Management's Reports on Responsibility for Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management's Reports on Responsibility for Financial Statements and
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management's Report on Responsibility for Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the Consolidated Financial Statements and the other financial information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and are considered by management to present fairly the company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The financial statements include some amounts that are based on management's best estimates and judgments. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been audited by the company's independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The purpose of their audit is to express an opinion as to whether the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, the company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. Their report is presented on the following pages.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
i.pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
ii.provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors of the company; and
iii.provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisitions, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting has certain inherent limitations which may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, changes in conditions and business practices may cause variation in the effectiveness of internal controls.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment and those criteria, management concluded that the company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of the company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, as stated in their report, which is presented on the following pages.
Charles V. Magro
Chief Executive Officer and Director David P. Johnson
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
February 14, 2025
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Corteva, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Corteva, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 appearing under Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Revenue Recognition - Product Sales
As described in Notes 2 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, net sales were $16.908 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024. Substantially all of Corteva's revenue is derived from product sales. Revenue is recognized from product sales when the customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Control transfer occurs at a point in time according to shipping terms. The transaction price includes estimates of variable consideration, such as rights of return, rebates, and discounts, that are reductions in revenue. All estimates are based on the Company's historical experience, anticipated performance, and management’s best judgment at the time the estimate is made. Estimates of variable consideration included in the transaction price primarily utilize the expected value method based on historical experience. These estimates are reassessed each reporting period and are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur upon resolution of uncertainty associated with the variable consideration. The majority of contracts have a single performance obligation satisfied at a point in time and the transaction price is stated in the contract, usually as quantity times price per unit.
The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition for product sales is a critical audit matter is a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures related to the Company’s revenue recognition.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process. These procedures also included, among others (i) evaluating revenue transactions by testing, on a sample basis, the revenue recognized by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as purchase orders, invoices, shipment or delivery documents, and cash receipts, as applicable; (ii) testing, on a sample basis, the recognition of variable consideration for rebates issued and discounts granted during the year by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as support for the nature of the variable consideration, amount, and agreement with the customer; and (iii) confirming, on a sample basis, outstanding customer invoice balances as of year-end, and, for confirmations not returned, obtaining and inspecting source documents, including invoices, shipment or delivery documents, and subsequent cash receipts, as applicable.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 14, 2025
We have served as the Company’s or its predecessor’s auditor since 1946.
Corteva, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share amounts) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net sales $ 16,908 $ 17,226 $ 17,455
Cost of goods sold 9,529 9,920 10,436
Research and development expense 1,402 1,337 1,216
Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,196 3,176 3,173
Amortization of intangibles 685 683 702
Restructuring and asset related charges - net 288 336 363
Other income (expense) - net (300) (448) (60)
Interest expense 233 233 79
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,275 $ 1,093 $ 1,426
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations 412 152 210
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes $ 863 $ 941 $ 1,216
Income (loss) from discontinued operations after income taxes 56 (194) (58)
Net income (loss) $ 919 $ 747 $ 1,158
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 12 12 11
Net income (loss) attributable to Corteva $ 907 $ 735 $ 1,147
Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock:
Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock from continuing operations $ 1.23 $ 1.31 $ 1.67
Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock from discontinued operations 0.08 (0.27) (0.08)
Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock $ 1.31 $ 1.04 $ 1.59
Diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock:
Diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock from continuing operations $ 1.22 $ 1.30 $ 1.66
Diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock from discontinued operations 0.08 (0.27) (0.08)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock $ 1.30 $ 1.03 $ 1.58
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
Corteva, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net income (loss) $ 919 $ 747 $ 1,158
Other comprehensive income (loss) - net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustments (1,014) 425 (340)
Adjustments to pension benefit plans 127 (190) 233
Adjustments to other benefit plans 30 29 191
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments (6) - -
Derivative instruments 71 (135) 8
Total other comprehensive income (loss) (792) 129 92
Comprehensive income (loss) 127 876 1,250
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests - net of tax 12 12 11
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Corteva $ 115 $ 864 $ 1,239
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
Corteva, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share and per share amounts) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,106 $ 2,644
Marketable securities 63 98
Accounts and notes receivable - net 5,676 5,488
Inventories 5,432 6,899
Other current assets 820 1,131
Total current assets $ 15,097 $ 16,260
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates 134 115
Property, plant and equipment 9,074 8,956
Less: Accumulated depreciation 4,975 4,669
Net property, plant and equipment 4,099 4,287
Goodwill 10,408 10,605
Other intangible assets 8,876 9,626
Deferred income taxes 401 584
Other assets 1,810 1,519
Total Assets $ 40,825 $ 42,996
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations $ 750 $ 198
Accounts payable 4,039 4,280
Income taxes payable 207 174
Deferred revenue 3,287 3,406
Accrued and other current liabilities 2,103 2,351
Total current liabilities $ 10,386 $ 10,409
Long-term debt 1,953 2,291
Other noncurrent liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities 478 899
Pension and other post-employment benefits 2,271 2,467
Other noncurrent obligations 1,707 1,651
Total noncurrent liabilities $ 6,409 $ 7,308
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value;1,666,667,000 shares authorized;
issued at December 31, 2024 - 685,595,000 and December 31, 2023 - 701,260,000
$ 7 $ 7
Additional paid-in capital 27,196 27,748
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 55 (41)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (3,469) (2,677)
Total Corteva stockholders’ equity $ 23,789 $ 25,037
Noncontrolling interests 241 242
Total equity $ 24,030 $ 25,279
Total Liabilities and Equity $ 40,825 $ 42,996
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
Corteva, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Operating activities
Net income (loss) $ 919 $ 747 $ 1,158
(Income) loss from discontinued operations after income taxes (56) 194 58
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,227 1,211 1,223
Provision for (benefit from) deferred income tax (365) (438) (288)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (benefit) cost, net 160 138 (142)
Pension and OPEB contributions (151) (149) (182)
Net (gain) loss on sales of property, businesses, consolidated companies, and investments (17) (22) (18)
Restructuring and asset related charges - net 288 336 363
Other net loss 383 578 305
Changes in assets and liabilities, net
Accounts and notes receivable (705) 358 (993)
Inventories 1,110 57 (1,715)
Accounts payable (115) (663) 807
Deferred revenue (86) (11) 194
Other assets and liabilities (296) (527) 142
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations $ 2,296 $ 1,809 $ 912
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations (151) (40) (40)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities $ 2,145 $ 1,769 $ 872
Investing activities
Capital expenditures $ (597) $ (595) $ (605)
Proceeds from sales of property, businesses, and consolidated companies - net of cash divested 5 57 73
Acquisitions of businesses - net of cash acquired - (1,456) -
Escrow funding associated with acquisitions - - (36)
Investments in and loans to nonconsolidated affiliates (7) (32) (12)
Purchases of investments (144) (148) (344)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments 130 147 295
Proceeds from settlement of net investment hedge 63 42 -
Other investing activities, net (39) (2) (3)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities $ (589) $ (1,987) $ (632)
Financing activities
Net change in borrowings (less than 90 days) $ 53 $ (6) $ (13)
Proceeds from debt 3,072 3,429 1,358
Payments on debt (2,885) (2,309) (1,140)
Repurchase of common stock (1,009) (756) (1,000)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 60 31 88
Dividends paid to stockholders (458) (439) (418)
Other financing activities, net (32) (49) (55)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities $ (1,199) $ (99) $ (1,180)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents (93) (143) (278)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents 264 (460) (1,218)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period 3,158 3,618 4,836
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at end of period1
$ 3,422 $ 3,158 $ 3,618
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for
Interest, net of amounts capitalized $ 244 $ 234 $ 75
Income taxes $ 707 $ 535 $ 467
1. See page for reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
Corteva, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In millions) Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings (Accum. Deficit) Accumulated Other Comp. Income (Loss) Non-Controlling Interests Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022 $ 7 $ 27,751 $ 524 $ (2,898) $ 239 $ 25,623
Net income (loss) 1,147 11 1,158
Other comprehensive income (loss) 92 92
Share-based compensation 12 (2) 10
Common dividends ($0.58 per share)
(418) (418)
Repurchase of common stock (1,000) (1,000)
Issuance of Corteva stock 88 88
Other - net (1) (11) (12)
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 7 $ 27,851 $ 250 $ (2,806) $ 239 $ 25,541
Net income (loss) 735 12 747
Other comprehensive income (loss) 129 129
Share-based compensation 28 (2) 26
Common dividends ($0.62 per share)
(439) (439)
Repurchase of common stock (171) (585) (756)
Issuance of Corteva stock 40 40
Other - net (9) (9)
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 7 $ 27,748 $ (41) $ (2,677) $ 242 $ 25,279
Net income (loss) 907 12 919
Other comprehensive income (loss) (792) (792)
Share-based compensation 47 (2) 45
Common dividends ($0.66 per share)
(229) (229) (458)
Repurchase of common stock (430) (579) (1,009)
Issuance of Corteva stock 60 60
Other - net (1) (13) (14)
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 7 $ 27,196 $ 55 $ (3,469) $ 241 $ 24,030
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Note Page
1 Background and Basis of Presentation
2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Recent Accounting Guidance
4 Business Combinations
5 Revenue
6 Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net
7 Supplementary Information
8 Income Taxes
9 Earnings Per Share of Common Stock
10 Accounts and Notes Receivable - Net
11 Inventories
12 Property, Plant and Equipment
13 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
14 Leases
15 Short-Term Borrowings, Long-Term Debt and Available Credit Facilities
16 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
17 Stockholders' Equity
18 Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefits
19 Stock-Based Compensation
20 Financial Instruments
21 Fair Value Measurements
22 Geographic Information
23 Segment Information
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
NOTE 1 - BACKGROUND AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Corteva, Inc. is a leading global provider of seed and crop protection solutions focused on the agriculture industry. The company intends to leverage its rich heritage of scientific achievement to advance its robust innovation pipeline and continue to shape the future of responsible agriculture. The company's broad portfolio of agriculture solutions fuels farmer productivity around the globe. Corteva has two reportable segments: Seed and Crop Protection. See Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information on the company's reportable segments.
Throughout these financial statements, except as otherwise noted by the context, the terms "Corteva" or "company" used herein mean Corteva, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (including EIDP) and the term “EIDP” used herein means EIDP, Inc. (formerly known as E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) and its consolidated subsidiaries or EIDP, Inc. excluding its consolidated subsidiaries, as the context may indicate.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for all periods presented and include the accounts of the company, its majority owned subsidiaries over which the company exercises control. The Consolidated Financial Statements and other financial information included in this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified, have been presented to separately show the effects of discontinued operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2023, the company made the decision, which was retrospectively applied, to adjust the presentation of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows to separately present the cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations, which was previously presented within cash provided by (used for) operating activities. See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information on discontinued operations activities.
On June 1, 2019, Corteva, Inc. became an independent, publicly traded company through the completed separation (the “Separation”) of the agriculture business of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. (formerly known as DowDuPont Inc.) (“DowDuPont” or “DuPont”). The separation was effectuated through a pro rata distribution (the “Corteva Distribution”) of all of the then-issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Corteva, Inc.
Subsequent to the Merger, Historical Dow and EIDP engaged in a series of internal reorganization and realignment steps to realign their businesses into three subgroups: agriculture, materials science and specialty products ("Internal Reorganization"). On April 1, 2019, DowDuPont completed the separation of its materials science business into a separate and independent public company by way of a distribution of Dow common stock to holders of DowDuPont's common stock (the “Dow Distribution” and together with the Corteva Distribution, the “Distributions”).
On April 1, 2019, Historical Dow entities, which held certain assets and liabilities aligned with Historical Dow’s agriculture business and the assets and liabilities associated with its specialty products business, respectively, were transferred and conveyed to DowDuPont.
On April 1, 2019 and May 1, 2019, EIDP’s materials science and specialty products entities, along with their respective assets and liabilities, were conveyed to Dow and DowDuPont, respectively. On May 2, 2019, DowDuPont conveyed Historical Dow agricultural entities to EIDP.
On May 6, 2019, the Board of Directors of DowDuPont approved the distribution of all the then issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Corteva, Inc., then a wholly-owned subsidiary of DowDuPont, to DowDuPont stockholders. On May 31, 2019, DowDuPont contributed EIDP to Corteva, Inc. and on June 1, 2019, the Separation was completed. Information related to the Corteva Distribution and its effect on the company's financial statements is discussed throughout these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Since 2018, Argentina has been considered a hyper-inflationary economy under U.S. GAAP and therefore the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) is the functional currency for our related subsidiaries. Argentina contributes approximately 3 percent to the company's annual net sales and less than 2 percent to each of the company's annual Seed and Crop Protection segment operating EBITDA. The company remeasures net monetary assets and translates the financial statements utilizing the official Argentine Peso (“Peso”) to USD exchange rate. The ability to draw down Peso cash balances is limited at this time due to government restrictions and market availability of U.S. Dollars. The devaluation of the Peso relative to the USD over the last several years has resulted in the recognition of exchange losses (refer to Note 7 - Supplementary Information, to the Consolidated Financial
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Statements). The Argentina government has offered USD-denominated bonds to importers, the proceeds from which could be used to pay off outstanding intercompany payables. As of December 31, 2024, the company holds $103 million (at amortized cost) of these foreign government bonds as part of its strategy to manage its net monetary asset exposure in Argentina. Refer to the “Debt Securities” section in Note 20 - Financial Instruments, for additional information. As of December 31, 2024, a further 10 percent deterioration in the official Peso to USD exchange rate would not have a significant impact on the USD value of our net monetary assets or pre-tax earnings. The company will continue to assess the implications to its operations and financial reporting.
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the company and subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained. For those consolidated subsidiaries in which the company's ownership is less than 100 percent, the outside stockholders' interests are shown as noncontrolling interests. Investments in affiliates over which the company has the ability to exercise significant influence but does not have a controlling interest are accounted for under the equity method.
The company is also involved with certain joint ventures accounted for under the equity method of accounting that are variable interest entities ("VIEs"). The company is not the primary beneficiary, as the nature of the company's involvement with each VIE does not provide it the power to direct the VIE's significant activities. Future events may require these VIEs to be consolidated if the company becomes the primary beneficiary. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the maximum exposure to loss related to the nonconsolidated VIEs is not considered material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Use of Estimates in Financial Statement Preparation
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The company’s consolidated financial statements include amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from time of purchase. They are carried at cost plus accrued interest.
Restricted Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash equivalents primarily relates to a trust funded by EIDP for cash obligations under certain non-qualified benefit and deferred compensation plans due to the Merger, which was a change in control event, and contributions to escrow accounts established for the settlement of certain legal matters and the settlement of legacy PFAS matters and the associated qualified spend. Corteva classifies restricted cash equivalents as current or noncurrent based on the nature of the restrictions, which are included in other current assets and other assets, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 7 - Supplementary Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities represent investments in fixed and floating rate financial instruments with maturities greater than three months and up to twelve months at time of purchase. Investments classified as held-to-maturity are recorded at amortized cost. The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the investments. Investments classified as debt securities that are available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) or current period earnings if an allowance for credit losses has been established. The cost of investments sold is determined by specific identification.
Fair Value Measurements
Under the accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures, a fair value hierarchy was established that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The company uses the following hierarchy to classify assets and liabilities measured at fair value:
Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Significant other observable inputs (e.g., quoted prices for similar items in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar items in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable such as interest rate and yield curves, and market-corroborated inputs).
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are valued based on management's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Foreign Currency Translation
The company's worldwide operations utilize the USD or a related foreign currency as the functional currency, where applicable. The company identifies its separate and distinct foreign entities and groups the foreign entities into two categories: 1) extension of the parent or foreign subsidiaries operating in a hyper-inflationary environment (USD functional currency) and 2) self-contained (related foreign functional currency). If a foreign entity does not align with either category, factors are evaluated and a judgment is made to determine the functional currency.
For foreign entities where the USD is the functional currency, all foreign currency-denominated asset and liability amounts are re-measured into USD at end-of-period exchange rates, except for inventories, prepaid expenses, property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, which are re-measured at historical rates. Foreign currency income and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each month, except for expenses related to balance sheet amounts re-measured at historical exchange rates. Exchange gains and losses arising from re-measurement of foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in income in the period in which they occur.
For foreign entities where a related foreign currency is the functional currency, assets and liabilities denominated in the related foreign currencies are translated into USD at end-of-period exchange rates and the resultant translation adjustments are reported, net of their related tax effects, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in equity. Assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured into the functional currency prior to translation into USD and the resultant exchange gains or losses are included in income in the period in which they occur. Income and expenses are translated into USD at average exchange rates in effect during each month.
The company changes the functional currency of its separate and distinct foreign entities only when significant changes in economic facts and circumstances indicate clearly that the functional currency has changed.
Inventories
The company's inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Elements of cost in inventories include raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Stores and supplies are valued at cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower; cost is generally determined by the average cost method.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 60 percent and 40 percent of the company's inventories were accounted for under the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") and average cost methods, respectively. Inventories accounted for under the FIFO method are primarily comprised of products with shorter shelf lives such as seeds. See Note 11 - Inventories, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
The company establishes an obsolescence reserve for inventory based upon quality considerations and assumptions about future demand and market conditions.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The company records goodwill when the purchase price of a business acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit has more likely than not declined below its carrying value. The company performs an annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter at the reporting unit level, which is defined as the operating segment or one level below the operating segment. One level below the operating segment, or component, is a business in which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management. The company aggregates certain components into reporting units based on economic similarities.
When testing goodwill for impairment, the company has the option to first perform qualitative testing to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the company chooses not to complete a qualitative assessment for a given reporting unit or if the initial assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, additional quantitative testing is required. If additional quantitative testing is required, the reporting unit's fair value is compared with its carrying amount, and an impairment charge, if any, is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill associated with the reporting unit. The company determines fair values for each of the reporting units using a discounted cash flow model (a form of the income approach). Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate. The company's significant assumptions in this analysis include future cash flow projections, weighted average cost of capital, the terminal growth rate, and the tax rate. See Note 13 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information on goodwill.
Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, generally on a straight-line basis for periods ranging primarily from 2 years to 25 years. The company continually evaluates the reasonableness of the useful lives of these assets. Once these assets are no longer considered held and used, they are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Acquisitions
Acquisitions are recorded using the acquisition method of accounting and recognizes and measures the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date at fair value, where applicable. The excess, if any, of total consideration transferred in a business combination over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. Costs incurred as a result of a business combination other than costs related to the issuance of debt or equity securities are recorded in the period the costs are incurred. The company includes the operating results of acquired entities from their respective dates of acquisition.
Leases
The company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the arrangement based on the terms and conditions in the contract. A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset and the company has the right to control the asset. Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets are included in other assets on the company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease liabilities are included in accrued and other current liabilities and other noncurrent obligations on the company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease assets are included in property, plant and equipment on the company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease liabilities are included in short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations and long-term debt on the company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Operating lease ROU assets represent the company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the company’s leases do not provide the lessor's implicit rate, the company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease terms include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain those options will be exercised. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component for all asset classes. In the Consolidated Statements of Operations, lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, interest expense is recognized on the lease liability and the ROU asset is amortized over the lease term. See Note 14 - Leases, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired when the total projected undiscounted cash flows from the assets are separately identifiable and are less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset group. The company's fair value methodology is an estimate of fair market value which is made based on prices of similar assets or other valuation methodologies including present value techniques. Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale, if material, are classified as held for sale and reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell, and depreciation is ceased. Long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale are classified as held and used until they are disposed of and reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value. Depreciation is recognized over the remaining useful life of the assets.
Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments are reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. The company utilizes derivatives to manage exposures to foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Changes in the fair values of derivative
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
instruments that are not designated as hedges are recorded in current period earnings. For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, the gain (loss) is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until it is cleared to earnings during the same period in which the hedged item affects earnings. For derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges, the gain (loss) is reported within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the subsidiary is divested.
In the event that a derivative designated as a hedge of a firm commitment or an anticipated transaction is terminated prior to the maturation of the hedged transaction, the net gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) generally remains in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the item that was hedged affects earnings. If a hedged transaction matures, or is sold, extinguished, or terminated prior to the maturity of a derivative designated as a hedge of such transaction, gains or losses associated with the derivative through the date the transaction matured are included in the measurement of the hedged transaction and the derivative is reclassified as for trading purposes. Derivatives designated as hedges of anticipated transactions are reclassified as for trading purposes if the anticipated transaction is no longer probable.
The company included foreign currency exchange contract settlements within cash flows from operating activities, regardless of hedge accounting qualification. See Note 20 - Financial Instruments, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional discussion regarding the company's objectives and strategies for derivative instruments.
Environmental Matters
Accruals for environmental matters are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessment and remediation efforts progress or as additional technical or legal information becomes available. Accruals for environmental liabilities are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in accrued and other current liabilities and other noncurrent obligations at undiscounted amounts. Accruals for related insurance or other third-party recoveries for environmental liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a recovery will be realized and are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as accounts and notes receivable - net.
Environmental costs are capitalized if the costs extend the life of the property, increase its capacity, and/or mitigate or prevent contamination from future operations. Environmental costs are also capitalized in recognition of legal asset retirement obligations resulting from the acquisition, construction and/or normal operation of a long-lived asset. Costs related to environmental contamination treatment and cleanup are charged to expense. Estimated future incremental operations, maintenance and management costs directly related to remediation are accrued when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable.
Revenue Recognition
The company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine the revenue recognition for an arrangement considered to be a contract with a customer, the company performs the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. See Note 5 - Revenue, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information on revenue recognition.
Prepaid Royalties
The company currently has certain third-party biotechnology trait license agreements, which require up-front and variable payments subject to the licensor meeting certain conditions. These payments are reflected as other current assets and other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized to cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as seeds containing the respective trait technology are utilized over the life of the license. The rate of royalty amortization expense recognized is based on the company’s strategic plans which include various assumptions and estimates including product portfolio, market dynamics, farmer preferences, growth rates and projected planted acres. Changes in factors and assumptions included in the strategic plans, including potential changes to the product portfolio in favor of internally developed biotechnology, could impact the rate of recognition of the relevant prepaid royalty.
At December 31, 2024, the balance of prepaid royalties reflected in other current assets and other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was approximately $65 million and $160 million, respectively. Through June 30, 2024, the prepaid royalties balance largely related to the non-exclusive license in the United States and Canada for the Monsanto Company's Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield® glyphosate tolerance trait and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® glyphosate and dicamba tolerance trait for soybeans, which was obtained by the company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (“Pioneer”) (“Roundup Ready 2 License Agreement”). Each of these licensed technologies are now trademarks of the Bayer Group, which acquired the Monsanto Company in 2018. The prepaid royalty asset relates to a series of up-front, fixed and variable royalty payments to utilize the traits in Pioneer’s soybean product mix. The company’s historical expectation was that the technology
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
licensed under the Roundup Ready 2 License Agreement would be used as the primary herbicide tolerance trait platform in the Pioneer® brand soybean through the term of the agreement. DAS and MS Technologies, L.L.C. jointly developed and own the Enlist E3TM herbicide tolerance trait for soybeans which provides tolerance to 2, 4-D choline in Enlist Duo® and Enlist One® herbicides, as well as glyphosate and glufosinate herbicides. In connection with the validation of breeding plans and large-scale product development timelines, during 2019 the company committed to accelerate the ramp up of the Enlist E3TM trait platform in the company’s soybean portfolio mix across all brands, including Pioneer® brands. Due to the five-year ramp-up of Enlist E3TM, the company significantly reduced the volume of products with the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® herbicide tolerance traits, with expected minimal use of the trait platform thereafter for the remainder of the Roundup Ready 2 License Agreement (the “Transition Plan”). The rate of royalty expense had therefore increased significantly through higher amortization of the prepaid royalty as fewer seeds containing the respective trait were expected to be utilized.
In connection with the departure from these traits, beginning January 1, 2020 the company presents and discloses the non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense as a component of restructuring and asset related charges - net, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense represented the difference between the rate of amortization based on the revised number of units expected to contain the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® trait technology and the variable cash rate per the Roundup Ready 2 License Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the company recognized charges of $55 million in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations from non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense, which as of the end of the second quarter of 2024 is complete.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold primarily includes the cost of manufacture and delivery, ingredients or raw materials, direct salaries, wages and benefits and overhead, non-capitalizable costs associated with capital projects, royalties and other operational expenses. No amortization of intangibles is included within cost of goods sold.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expense includes costs (primarily consisting of employee costs, materials, contract services, research agreements, and other external spend) relating to the discovery and development of new products.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include selling and marketing expenses, commissions, functional costs, and business management expenses.
Litigation and Other Contingencies
Accruals for legal matters and other contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs, such as outside counsel fees and expenses, are charged to expense in the period incurred.
Severance Costs
Severance benefits are provided to employees under the company's ongoing benefit arrangements. Severance costs are accrued when management commits to a plan of termination and it becomes probable that employees will be entitled to benefits at amounts that can be reasonably estimated.
Insurance/Self-Insurance
The company self-insures certain risks where permitted by law or regulation, including workers' compensation, vehicle liability and employee related benefits. Liabilities associated with these risks are estimated in part by considering historical claims experience, demographic factors and other actuarial assumptions. For other risks, the company uses a combination of insurance and self-insurance, reflecting comprehensive reviews of relevant risks. A receivable for an insurance recovery is generally recognized when the loss has occurred and collection is considered probable.
Income Taxes
The company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets or liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The company recognizes the financial statement effects of an uncertain income tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. The current portion of uncertain income tax
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
positions is included in income taxes payable or income tax receivable, and the long-term portion is included in other noncurrent obligations or other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Income tax related penalties are included in the provision for (benefit from) income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits is included within the provision for (benefit from) income taxes from continuing operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Earnings per Common Share
The calculation of earnings per common share is based on the weighted-average number of the company’s common shares outstanding for the applicable period. The calculation of diluted earnings per common share reflects the effect of all potential common shares that were outstanding during the respective periods, unless the effect of doing so is antidilutive.
NOTE 3 - RECENT ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU includes amendments that expand the existing reportable segment disclosure requirements and requires disclosure of (i) significant expense categories and amounts by reportable segment as well as the segment’s profit or loss measure(s) that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) to allocate resources and assess performance; (ii) how the CODM uses each reported segment profit or loss measure to allocate resources and assess performance; (iii) the nature of other segment balances contributing to reported segment profit or loss that are not captured within segment revenues or expenses; and (iv) the title and position of the individual or name of the group or committee identified as the CODM. This guidance requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The company adopted this guidance and has included enhanced disclosures relating to its reportable segments. See Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for the company's updated disclosure.
In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations-Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement. The amendments in this ASU are intended to facilitate consistency in the application of accounting guidance upon the formation of entities qualifying as joint ventures. It generally requires the use of business combinations accounting at the joint venture formation date, which would result in the contributed assets/liabilities being revalued to fair value and potentially result in the recognition of goodwill and other intangibles on the joint venture’s financial statements. It does not alter the ongoing accounting for the joint venture’s operations. This guidance is effective for joint ventures with formation dates on or after January 1, 2025. Prospective application is required, with early adoption permitted. Retrospective application can be elected for joint ventures formed before January 1, 2025. Beginning in the third quarter of 2024, newly-formed joint ventures have applied this guidance.
In September 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2022-04, Liabilities-Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. This ASU includes amendments that require a buyer in supplier finance programs to disclose key terms of the programs and related obligations, including a rollforward of such obligations. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the rollforward requirements, which are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. Retrospective application to all periods in which a balance sheet is presented is required, except for the rollforward requirement, which will be applied prospectively. The company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2023 which resulted in certain disclosures being added relating to supplier financing programs and related obligations. See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Accounting Guidance Issued But Not Adopted as of December 31, 2024
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU includes amendments that require entities to bifurcate specified expense line items on the income statement into underlying components, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and depletion, as applicable. Qualitative descriptions of the remaining components are required. These enhanced disclosures are required for both interim and annual periods. Selling expenses must also be separately disclosed for both interim and annual periods, along with an annual qualitative description of the composition of selling expenses. In January 2025, the FASB subsequently issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, to provide clarification on the ASU's effective date. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 on a prospective basis with the option to apply it retrospectively, and for interim periods
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance will result in the company being required to include enhanced disclosures around income statement expenses.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires that an entity disclose specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Further, the ASU requires additional disclosures on income tax expense and taxes paid, net of refunds received, by jurisdiction. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis with the option to apply it retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance will result in the company being required to include enhanced income tax related disclosures.
NOTE 4 - BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
On March 1, 2023 ("Acquisition Date"), Corteva completed its acquisitions of all the outstanding equity interests in Stoller Group, Inc. (“Stoller”), one of the largest independent companies in the Biologicals industry, and Quorum Vital Investment, S.L. and its affiliates (“Symborg”), an expert in microbiological technologies. The purchase price for Stoller and Symborg was $1,220 million, inclusive of a working capital adjustment, and $370 million, respectively. These acquisitions supplement the Crop Protection business with additional biological tools that complement evolving farming practices.
The operating results of Stoller and Symborg, since the Acquisition Date, did not have a material impact to the company's Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, supplemental pro forma information have not been presented since the reported amounts in the company's Consolidated Financial Statements for the current period and comparative prior periods would not be materially different had these acquisitions occurred as of January 1, 2022.
Purchase Price Allocation
The company finalized the purchase price allocation and assessment of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Acquisition Date in the first quarter of 2024. There were no material adjustments recognized during the measurement period. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions:
(In millions) Stoller1
Symborg1
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 97 $ -
Accounts and notes receivable 243 17
Inventories 81 10
Other current assets 9 2
Property, plant and equipment 71 3
Goodwill 420 130
Other intangible assets 645 300
Deferred income taxes 10 -
Other assets 5 1
Total assets acquired $ 1,581 $ 463
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings 59 -
Accounts payable 25 13
Income taxes payable 2 -
Accrued and other current liabilities 65 4
Long-term debt 2 -
Deferred income tax liabilities 187 75
Other noncurrent obligations 21 1
Total liabilities assumed $ 361 $ 93
Net assets acquired $ 1,220 $ 370
1.Includes measurement period adjustments, which were not material.
The significant fair value adjustments included in the purchase price allocation are discussed below.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Inventories
Acquired inventories in connection with the acquisition of Stoller and Symborg are primarily comprised of finished goods and raw materials. The fair value of finished goods was calculated as the estimated selling price, adjusted for costs of the selling effort and a reasonable profit allowance relating to the selling effort. The fair value of raw materials and supplies was determined based on replacement cost which approximates historical carrying value. The fair value step-up was recognized within cost of goods sold, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as the inventory was sold.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment associated with Stoller is comprised of $31 million of machinery and equipment, $31 million of buildings, $7 million of land and land improvements, and $2 million of construction in progress. The fair value was primarily determined using a market approach for land and certain types of equipment, and a replacement cost approach for the remaining depreciable property, plant and equipment. The market approach for certain types of equipment represents a sale comparison that measures the value of an asset through an analysis of sales and offerings of comparable assets. The replacement cost approach used for all other depreciable property, plant and equipment measures the value of an asset by estimating the cost to acquire or construct comparable assets and adjust for age and condition of the asset.
Goodwill
The excess of the consideration for Stoller and Symborg over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulted in the recognition of goodwill, which has been assigned to the Crop Protection reporting unit. Goodwill associated with these acquisitions is attributable to the assembled workforce and expanding the company’s addressable market position. None of the goodwill recognized will be deductible for income tax purposes.
Other Intangible Assets
In connection with the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg, the company recorded certain intangible assets, as shown in the table below.
Intangible Assets Stoller Symborg
(In millions) Fair Value Weighted-Average Amortization Period (Years) Fair Value Weighted-Average Amortization Period (Years)
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Customer-related $ 495 13 $ - -
Developed technology 106 13 238 12
Trademarks/trade names 44 15 57 12
Total other intangible assets with finite lives $ 645 13 $ 295 12
Intangible assets with infinite lives:
In-process research and development - - 5 -
Total other intangible assets with indefinite lives $ - - $ 5 -
Total intangible assets $ 645 $ 300
The customer-related and in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) intangible asset’s fair values were determined using the multi-period excess earnings method. The developed technology fair values were determined utilizing the relief from royalty method for Stoller and the multi-period excess earnings method for Symborg. The trademark/trade name fair values were determined utilizing the relief from royalty method.
NOTE 5 - REVENUE
Revenue Recognition
Products
Substantially all of Corteva's revenue is derived from product sales, which consist of sales of Corteva's products to farmers, distributors, and manufacturers. Corteva considers purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master supply agreements, to be a contract with a customer. Contracts with customers are considered to be short-term when the time between order confirmation and satisfaction of the performance obligations is equal to or less than one year. However, the company has some long-term contracts which can span multiple years.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Revenue from product sales is recognized when the customer obtains control of the company's product, which occurs at a point in time according to shipping terms. Payment terms are generally less than one year from invoicing. The company elected the practical expedient and does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when the company expects it will be one year or less between when a customer obtains control of the company's product and when payment is due. When the company performs shipping and handling activities after the transfer of control to the customer (e.g., when control transfers prior to or at shipment), these are considered fulfillment activities, and accordingly, the costs are accrued when the related revenue is recognized. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues. In addition, the company elected the practical expedient to expense any costs to obtain contracts as incurred, as the amortization period for these costs would have been one year or less.
The transaction price includes estimates of variable consideration, such as rights of return, rebates, and discounts, that are reductions in revenue. All estimates are based on the company's historical experience, anticipated performance, and the company's best judgment at the time the estimate is made. Estimates of variable consideration included in the transaction price primarily utilize the expected value method based on historical experience. These estimates are reassessed each reporting period and are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur upon resolution of uncertainty associated with the variable consideration. The majority of contracts have a single performance obligation satisfied at a point in time and the transaction price is stated in the contract, usually as quantity times price per unit. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price is the observable price which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances.
Licenses of Intellectual Property
Corteva enters into licensing arrangements with customers to license its intellectual property. Revenue from the majority of intellectual property licenses is derived from sales-based royalties. Revenue for licensing agreements that contain sales-based royalties is recognized at the later of (i) when the subsequent sale occurs or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated is satisfied.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations. The company applies the practical expedient to disclose the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations for only those contracts with an original duration of more than one year. The transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations with an original duration of more than one year related to material rights granted to customers for contract renewal options were $139 million and $134 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The company expects revenue to be recognized for the remaining performance obligations evenly over the period of one year to six years.
Contract Balances
Contract liabilities primarily reflect deferred revenue from prepayments under contracts with customers where the company receives advance payments for products to be delivered in future periods. Corteva classifies deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the company expects to recognize revenue. Contract assets primarily include amounts related to conditional rights to consideration for completed performance not yet invoiced. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.
Contract Balances December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Accounts and notes receivable - trade1
$ 4,615 $ 4,329
Contract assets - current2
30 27
Contract assets - noncurrent3
74 67
Deferred revenue - current 3,287 3,406
Deferred revenue - noncurrent4
114 108
1.Included in accounts and notes receivable - net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2.Included in other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
3.Included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
4.Included in other noncurrent obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Revenue recognized during the December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was $3,359 million, $3,342 million, and $3,150 million, respectively.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Disaggregation of Revenue
Corteva's operations are classified into two reportable segments: Seed and Crop Protection. The company disaggregates its revenue by major product line and geographic region, as the company believes it best depicts the nature, amount and timing of its revenue and cash flows. Net sales by major product line are included below:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Corn $ 6,496 $ 6,447 $ 5,955
Soybean 1,927 1,858 1,810
Other oilseeds 653 708 714
Other 469 459 500
Seed 9,545 9,472 8,979
Herbicides 3,599 4,034 4,591
Insecticides 1,715 1,598 1,831
Fungicides 1,081 1,112 1,450
Biologicals 476 491 63
Other 492 519 541
Crop Protection 7,363 7,754 8,476
Total $ 16,908 $ 17,226 $ 17,455
Sales are attributed to geographic regions based on customer location. Net sales by geographic region and segment are included below:
Seed For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
North America1
$ 6,033 $ 5,768 $ 5,178
EMEA2
1,581 1,622 1,609
Latin America 1,523 1,637 1,758
Asia Pacific 408 445 434
Total $ 9,545 $ 9,472 $ 8,979
Crop Protection For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
North America1
$ 2,627 $ 2,822 $ 3,116
EMEA2
1,543 1,745 1,647
Latin America 2,253 2,269 2,687
Asia Pacific 940 918 1,026
Total $ 7,363 $ 7,754 $ 8,476
1.Represents U.S. & Canada.
2.Europe, Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA").
Refer to Note 22 - Geographic Information for the breakout of consolidated net sales by geographic area.
NOTE 6 - RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET RELATED CHARGES - NET
Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program
On November 5, 2023, management of the company approved a plan to further optimize its Crop Protection network of manufacturing and external partners (the "Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program"). The plan includes the exit of the company’s production activities at its site in Pittsburg, California, as well as ceasing operations in select manufacturing lines at other locations. In October 2024, management of the company amended the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program to include updates to its previous estimates and decommissioning and demolition costs associated with the ceasing of operations, primarily at the Pittsburg, California site.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The company expects to record aggregate pre-tax restructuring and asset related charges of $650 million to $700 million, comprised of $85 million to $105 million of severance and related benefit costs, $320 million to $340 million of asset-related and impairment charges, and $245 million to $255 million of costs related to exiting the company's production activities and ceasing operations (inclusive of contract terminations and decommissioning and demolition costs). Decommissioning and demolition costs are expensed on an as-incurred basis. Reductions in workforce are subject to local regulatory requirements. Through the year ended December 31, 2024, the company recorded net pre-tax restructuring and asset related charges of $461 million inception-to-date under the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program, consisting of $91 million of severance and related benefit costs, $327 million of asset-related and impairment charges, $10 million of decommissioning and demolition costs and $33 million of costs related to contract terminations. The pre-tax restructuring and asset related charges noted above includes charges relating to spare parts write-offs recognized during the fourth quarter of 2023, which impacted the Crop Protection segment, and were included in cost of goods sold, in the company's Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Cash payments related to these charges are anticipated to be $330 million to $360 million, which primarily relate to the payment of severance and related benefits, decommissioning and demolition costs and contract terminations. Through December 31, 2024, the company paid $64 million associated with these charges. The restructuring actions associated with these charges are expected to be substantially complete by the end of 2026.
The following table is a summary of charges incurred related to the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Severance and related benefit costs1
$ 91 $ -
Asset related charges2,3
101 214
Decommissioning and demolition costs2
10 -
Contract termination charges2
30 3
Total restructuring and asset related charges - net4
$ 232 $ 217
1.Reflects corporate related charges.
2.Reflects charges associated with the Crop Protection segment.
3.Asset-related charges includes impairment charges related to operating lease assets and property, plant and equipment.
4.This amount excludes charges relating to spare parts write-offs included in cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2023, in the company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.
A reconciliation of the December 31, 2023 to the December 31, 2024 liability balances related to the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program is summarized below:
(In millions) Severance and Related Benefit Costs Asset Related Charges1
Decommissioning and Demolition Costs Contract Termination Charges Total
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Charges to income from continuing operations 91 101 10 30 232
Payments (21) - (10) (30) (61)
Asset write-offs - (101) - - (101)
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 70 $ - $ - $ - $ 70
1.Asset-related charges includes impairment charges related to operating lease assets and property, plant and equipment.
2022 Restructuring Actions
In connection with the company’s shift to a global business unit model during 2022, the company assessed its business priorities and operational structure to maximize the customer experience and deliver on growth and earnings potential. As a result of this assessment, the company committed to restructuring actions during the second quarter of 2022, which included the company’s separate announcement to withdraw from Russia (“Russia Exit”) (collectively the “2022 Restructuring Actions”). The actions associated with this program were substantially complete in 2023.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The remaining cash payments related to these charges is $30 million, and primarily relate to the payment of severance and related benefits and contract terminations.
The following table is a summary of charges incurred related to the 2022 Restructuring Actions for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Severance and related benefit costs1
$ - $ 20 $ 111
Asset related charges (2) 12 104
Contract termination charges2
3 10 57
Total restructuring and asset related charges - net3,4
$ 1 $ 42 $ 272
1.Reflects corporate-related charges.
2.Contract termination charges includes early lease terminations.
3.The year ended December 31, 2024 reflects net charges of $1 million impacting the Seed segment . The years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 reflect charges of $17 million and $120 million, respectively, impacting the Seed segment. The years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 reflect charges of $5 million and $41 million, respectively, impacting the Crop Protection segment.
4.This amount excludes other pre-tax charges recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 impacting the Seed segment. These charges consisted of inventory write-offs and gains (losses) on sale of businesses, assets and equity investments and settlement costs associated with the Russia Exit, which are included in cost of goods sold and other income (expense) - net, in the company's Consolidated Statement of Operations, respectively. See Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Other Asset Related Charges
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 the company recognized $55 million, $72 million, and $109 million respectively, in restructuring and asset related charges - net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, from non-cash accelerated prepaid royalty amortization expense related to Roundup Ready 2 Yield® and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® herbicide tolerance traits, which as of the end of the second quarter of 2024 is complete.
NOTE 7 - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Other Income (Expense) - Net For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Interest income $ 132 $ 283 $ 124
Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates - net 15 10 20
Net gain (loss) on sales of businesses and other assets 17 22 18
Net exchange gains (losses)1
(284) (397) (229)
Non-operating pension and other post-employment benefit credits (costs)2
(144) (119) 163
Miscellaneous income (expenses) - net3
(36) (247) (156)
Other income (expense) - net $ (300) $ (448) $ (60)
1. Includes net pre-tax exchange gains (losses) of $(66) million, $(284) million, and $(110) million associated with impacts from the devaluation of the Argentine peso for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
2. Includes non-service related components of net periodic benefit credits (costs) (interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of unrecognized gain (loss), amortization of prior service benefit and settlement gain (loss)).
3. Includes losses from sale of receivables, tax indemnification adjustments related to changes in indemnification balances as a result of the application of the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement between Corteva and Dow and/or DuPont, and other items. The year ended December 31, 2024 includes the receipt of insurance proceeds and an indemnification payment negotiated with the prior Stoller owners. The years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 also include estimated settlement reserves and gains (losses) associated with the sale of businesses, assets and equity investments. The years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 also include an Employee Retention Credit pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act as enhanced by the Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”) and American Rescue Plan Act (“ARPA”). The year ended December 31, 2022 also includes legal accruals and settlement cost associated with the Russia Exit. See Note 23 - Segment Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information on significant items.
The following table summarizes the impacts of the company's foreign currency hedging program on the company's results of operations. The company routinely uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset its net exposures, by currency, related to the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The objective of this program is to maintain an approximately balanced position in foreign currencies in order to minimize, on an after-tax basis, the effects of exchange rate changes on net monetary asset positions. The hedging program gains (losses) are largely taxable (tax deductible) in the United States (U.S.), whereas the offsetting exchange gains (losses) on the remeasurement of the net monetary asset positions are often not taxable (tax deductible) in their local jurisdictions. The net pre-tax exchange gains (losses) are recorded in other income (expense) - net
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
and the related tax impact is recorded in provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Subsidiary Monetary Position Gain (Loss)
Pre-tax exchange gain (loss) $ (152) $ (371) $ (217)
Local tax (expenses) benefits 11 55 (10)
Net after-tax impact from subsidiary exchange gain (loss) $ (141) $ (316) $ (227)
Hedging Program Gain (Loss)
Pre-tax exchange gain (loss) $ (132) $ (26) $ (12)
Tax (expenses) benefits 26 7 5
Net after-tax impact from hedging program exchange gain (loss) $ (106) $ (19) $ (7)
Total Exchange Gain (Loss)
Pre-tax exchange gain (loss) $ (284) $ (397) $ (229)
Tax (expenses) benefits 37 62 (5)
Net after-tax exchange gain (loss) $ (247) $ (335) $ (234)
Noncontrolling interest adjustment 1 - -
Net after-tax exchange gain (loss) attributable to Corteva $ (246) $ (335) $ (234)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Corteva classifies restricted cash equivalents as current or noncurrent based on the nature of the restrictions, which are included in other current assets and other assets, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,106 $ 2,644
Restricted cash equivalents 316 514
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents $ 3,422 $ 3,158
Restricted cash equivalents primarily relates to a trust funded by EIDP for cash obligations under certain non-qualified benefit and deferred compensation plans due to the Merger, which was a change in control event, and contributions to escrow accounts established for the settlement of certain legal matters and the settlement of legacy PFAS matters and the associated qualified spend. All of the company's restricted cash equivalents are classified as current as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Accounts payable
Accounts payable was $4,039 million and $4,280 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accounts payable - trade, which is a component of accounts payable, was $2,632 million and $2,952 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Included in accounts payable - trade was seed grower compensation of approximately $410 million and $560 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which is measured at fair value using level 2 inputs for each period presented. Accrued discounts and rebates, which is a component of accounts payable, was approximately $1,207 million and $1,170 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. No other components of accounts payable were more than 5 percent of total current liabilities.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
NOTE 8 - INCOME TAXES
Domestic and foreign components of the income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and the provision for (benefit from) current and deferred tax expense (benefit) are shown below:
Geographic Allocation of Income (Loss) and Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Domestic $ 324 $ (414) $ (1)
Foreign 951 1,507 1,427
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,275 $ 1,093 $ 1,426
Current tax expense (benefit)
Federal $ 285 $ 143 $ 65
State and local 45 40 21
Foreign 447 407 403
Total current tax expense (benefit) $ 777 $ 590 $ 489
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
Federal $ (300) $ (326) $ (170)
State and local (28) (50) (39)
Foreign (37) (62) (70)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit) $ (365) $ (438) $ (279)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations 412 152 210
Net income (loss) from continuing operations after taxes $ 863 $ 941 $ 1,216
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The effective income tax rate applicable to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes was different from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate due to the factors listed in the following table:
Reconciliation to U.S. Statutory Rate For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 %
Effective tax rates on international operations - net1,6
4.8 (1.8) (1.0)
Acquisitions, divestitures and ownership restructuring activities2
(1.1) 3.6 (5.4)
U.S. research and development credit (4.7) (5.9) (2.2)
Exchange gains/losses3
1.7 2.0 3.7
State and local incomes taxes - net 1.3 0.9 0.3
Impact of Swiss Tax Changes4
- (7.9) -
Excess tax benefits/deficiencies from stock compensation (0.2) (0.5) (0.7)
Tax settlements and expiration of statute of limitations (1.7) (0.3) 0.1
Impact of Brazil valuation allowance6, 7
9.4 - (2.5)
Repatriation of foreign earnings5
1.7 2.9 1.7
Other - net 0.1 (0.1) (0.3)
Effective tax rate on income from continuing operations 32.3 % 13.9 % 14.7 %
1. Includes the effects of local and U.S. taxes related to earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries, changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with these earnings, losses at non-U.S. subsidiaries without local tax benefits due to valuation allowances, and other permanent differences between tax and U.S. GAAP results.
2. Includes net tax charge of $46 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, associated with intellectual property realignment. Includes net tax benefits of $(55) million and $(42) million for the year ended December 31, 2022, related to deferred tax assets established upon change in a U.S. entity's tax characterization, and a worthless stock deduction on Company's investment in a subsidiary after a change in the entity's legal structure, respectively.
3. Principally reflects the impact of foreign exchange gains and losses on net monetary assets for which no corresponding tax impact is realized. Further information about the company's foreign currency hedging program is included in Note 7 - Supplementary Information, and Note 20 - Financial Instruments, under the heading Foreign Currency Risk.
4. Includes net tax benefits of $(62) million and $(24) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, related to changes in deferred taxes and a tax currency change, respectively.
5. Includes the effect of withholding tax on distribution of foreign earnings to the U.S., net of U.S. foreign tax credits.
6. Classification in "Effective tax rates on international operations-net" and "Impact of Brazil valuation allowance" for the year ended December 31, 2022 have been adjusted from their previous presentation to conform to the current year's presentation.
7. For the year ended December 31, 2024, a charge of $120 million was recorded to establish a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset position of
a legal entity in Brazil (Seed business). For the year ended December 31, 2022, a benefit of $(36) million was recorded to release a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil (Crop Protection business).
Significant components of the company's net deferred tax asset (liability) were attributable to:
Deferred Tax Balances at December 31, 2024 2023
(In millions) Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Property $ - $ 278 $ - $ 353
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards1
552 - 539 -
Accrued employee benefits 671 - 703 -
Other accruals and reserves 590 - 603 -
Intangibles - 1,950 - 2,153
Inventory 184 - 193 -
Research and development capitalization 761 - 607 -
Investments 69 - 39 -
Unrealized exchange gains/losses - 50 - 38
Other - net 40 - 55 -
Subtotal $ 2,867 $ 2,278 $ 2,739 $ 2,544
Valuation allowances2
(666) - (510) -
Total $ 2,201 $ 2,278 $ 2,229 $ 2,544
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ (77) $ (315)
1. Primarily related to tax loss and credit carryforwards from operations in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Switzerland, and Spain.
2. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the company established a valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Details of the company’s operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are shown in the following table:
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards Deferred Tax Asset
(In millions) 2024 2023
Operating loss carryforwards
Expire within 5 years $ 222 $ 103
Expire after 5 years or indefinite expiration 226 303
Total operating loss carryforwards $ 448 $ 406
Tax credit carryforwards
Expire within 5 years $ 13 $ 59
Expire after 5 years or indefinite expiration 91 74
Total tax credit carryforwards $ 104 $ 133
Total operating loss and tax credit carryforwards $ 552 $ 539
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Total Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Total unrecognized tax benefits as of beginning of period $ 390 $ 357 $ 377
Decreases related to positions taken on items from prior years (4) - (3)
Increases related to positions taken on items from prior years 13 23 4
Increases related to positions taken in the current year 12 16 11
Settlement of uncertain tax positions with tax authorities (140) (4) (24)
Decreases due to expiration of statutes of limitations (5) (2) (5)
Exchange (gain) loss (3) - (3)
Total unrecognized tax benefits as of end of period $ 263 $ 390 $ 357
Total unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate $ 176 $ 173 $ 139
Total amount of interest and penalties (benefits) recognized in provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations $ (4) $ 1 $ 1
Total accrual (receivable) for interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits at end of period $ (2) $ 11 $ 13
Each year the company files hundreds of tax returns in the various national, state and local income taxing jurisdictions in which it operates. These tax returns are subject to examination and possible challenge by the tax authorities. Positions challenged by the tax authorities may be settled or appealed by the company. As a result, there is an uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the company's financial statements in accordance with accounting for income taxes and accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. It is reasonably possible that changes to the company’s global unrecognized tax benefits could be significant; however, due to the uncertainty regarding the timing of completion of audits and possible outcomes, a current estimate of the range of increases or decreases that may occur within the next twelve months cannot be made. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company has made cumulative advance deposits of $100 million and $90 million, respectively, to a foreign taxing authority, partially as a prerequisite to petition the court related to an open tax examination. These payments are accounted for as a prepaid asset, included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Tax years that remain subject to examination for the company’s major tax jurisdictions are shown below:
Tax Years Subject to Examination by Major Tax Jurisdiction at December 31, 2024 Earliest Open Year
Jurisdiction
Argentina 2017
Brazil 2015
Canada 2017
China 2014
France 2021
India 2023
Italy 2019
Spain 2020
Switzerland 2020
United States:
Federal income tax 2012
State and local income tax 2012
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and related companies that are deemed to be indefinitely invested amounted to $2,706 million at December 31, 2024. Distributions of profits from non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to certain taxes upon repatriation, primarily where foreign withholding taxes apply; these taxes are partially offset by U.S. foreign tax credits. The company is asserting indefinite reinvestment related to certain investments in foreign subsidiaries. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to indefinitely reinvested profits is not feasible primarily due to our legal entity structure and the complexity of U.S. and local tax laws.
For periods between the Merger on August 31, 2017, and the Corteva Distribution, Corteva and its subsidiaries were included in DowDuPont's consolidated federal income tax group and consolidated tax return. Generally, the consolidated tax liability of the DowDuPont U.S. tax group for each year was apportioned among the members of the consolidated group based on each member’s separate taxable income. Corteva, DuPont and Dow intend that to the extent federal and/or state corporate income tax liabilities are reduced through the utilization of tax attributes of the other, settlement of any receivable and payable generated from the use of the other party’s sub-group attributes will be in accordance with a tax sharing agreement and/or Tax Matters Agreement. See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information related to indemnifications between Corteva, DuPont and Dow.
On August 16, 2022, the U.S. federal government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“the Act”). The Act includes tax provisions, among other things, which implement (i) a 15 percent minimum tax on book income of certain large corporations; (ii) a one percent excise tax on net stock repurchases; and (iii) several tax incentives to promote clean energy. The Act did not have a material impact on the company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD") released the Pillar Two Model rules (also referred to as the global minimum tax or Global Anti-Base Erosion "GloBE" rules), which were designed to ensure multinational enterprises pay a certain level of tax within every jurisdiction they operate. Several jurisdictions in which we operate have enacted these rules, with a January 1, 2024 effective date. For the year ended December 31, 2024, there is no material tax charge associated with these rules. The company will continue to monitor and evaluate legislative developments.
NOTE 9 - EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK
The following tables provide earnings per share calculations for the periods indicated below:
Net Income (Loss) for Earnings Per Share Calculations - Basic and Diluted For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes $ 863 $ 941 $ 1,216
Net income (loss) attributable to continuing operations noncontrolling interests 12 12 11
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to Corteva common stockholders $ 851 $ 929 $ 1,205
Income (loss) from discontinued operations available to Corteva common stockholders 56 (194) (58)
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders $ 907 $ 735 $ 1,147
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Earnings (Loss) Per Share Calculations - Basic For the Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars per share) 2024 2023 2022
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock from continuing operations $ 1.23 $ 1.31 $ 1.67
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock from discontinued operations 0.08 (0.27) (0.08)
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock $ 1.31 $ 1.04 $ 1.59
Earnings (Loss) Per Share Calculations - Diluted For the Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars per share) 2024 2023 2022
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock from continuing operations $ 1.22 $ 1.30 $ 1.66
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock from discontinued operations 0.08 (0.27) (0.08)
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock $ 1.30 $ 1.03 $ 1.58
Share Count Information For the Year Ended December 31,
(Shares in millions) 2024 2023 2022
Weighted-average common shares - basic 693.7 709.0 720.8
Plus dilutive effect of equity compensation plans1
2.3 2.9 3.7
Weighted-average common shares - diluted 696.0 711.9 724.5
Potential shares of common stock excluded from EPS calculations2
3.1 2.3 1.5
1.Diluted earnings (loss) per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.
2.These outstanding potential shares of common stock relating to stock options, restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because (i) the effect of including them would have been anti-dilutive; and (ii) the performance metrics have not yet been achieved for the outstanding potential shares relating to performance-based restricted stock units, which are deemed to be contingently issuable.
NOTE 10 - ACCOUNTS AND NOTES RECEIVABLE - NET
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable - trade1
$ 4,448 $ 4,210
Notes receivable - trade1,2
167 119
Other3
1,061 1,159
Total accounts and notes receivable - net $ 5,676 $ 5,488
1.Accounts and notes receivable - trade are net of allowances of $179 million and $205 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
2.Notes receivable - trade primarily consists of receivables for deferred payment loan programs for the sale of Seed and Crop Protection products to customers. These loans have terms of one year or less and are primarily concentrated in North America. The company maintains a rigid pre-approval process for extending credit to customers in order to manage overall risk and exposure associated with credit losses. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no significant impairments related to current loan agreements.
3.Other includes receivables in relation to indemnification assets, royalties, value added tax, general sales tax and other taxes. No individual group represents more than 5 percent of total current assets. In addition, Other includes amounts due from nonconsolidated affiliates of $144 million and $131 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Accounts and notes receivable are carried at the expected amount to be collected, which approximates fair value. The company establishes the allowance for doubtful receivables using a loss-rate method where the loss rate is developed using past events, historical experience, current conditions and forecasts that affect the collectability of the financial assets.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for doubtful receivables for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively:
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 194
Net provision for credit losses 11
Other - net of write-offs charged against allowance -
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 205
Net provision for credit losses 39
Other - net of write-offs charged against allowance (65)
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 179
The company enters into various factoring agreements with third-party financial institutions to sell its trade receivables under both recourse and non-recourse agreements in exchange for cash proceeds. These financing arrangements result in a transfer of the company's receivables and risks to the third-party. As these transfers qualify as true sales under the applicable accounting guidance, the receivables are derecognized from the Consolidated Balance Sheets upon transfer, and the company receives a payment for the receivables from the third-party within a mutually agreed upon time period. For arrangements involving an element of recourse, which is typically provided through a guarantee of accounts in the event of customer default, the guarantee obligation is measured using market data from similar transactions and reported as a current liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Trade receivables sold under these agreements were $131 million, $112 million, and $134 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The trade receivables sold that remained outstanding under these agreements which include an element of recourse as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $15 million and $2 million, respectively. The net proceeds received were included in cash provided by (used for) operating activities, in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The difference between the carrying amount of the trade receivables sold and the sum of the cash received is recorded as a loss on sale of receivables in other income (expense) - net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The loss on sale of receivables were $9 million and $17 million, and $19 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information on the company’s guarantees.
NOTE 11 - INVENTORIES
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Finished products $ 2,649 $ 3,273
Semi-finished products 2,297 2,775
Raw materials and supplies 486 851
Total inventories $ 5,432 $ 6,899
NOTE 12 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Land and land improvements $ 425 $ 440
Buildings 1,715 1,671
Machinery and equipment 6,472 6,315
Construction in progress 462 530
Total property, plant and equipment $ 9,074 $ 8,956
Accumulated depreciation (4,975) (4,669)
Total property, plant and equipment - net $ 4,099 $ 4,287
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Buildings, machinery and equipment and land improvements are depreciated over useful lives on a straight-line basis ranging from 2 to 25 years. Capitalizable costs associated with computer software for internal use are amortized on a straight-line basis over 2 to 7 years.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Depreciation expense $ 542 $ 528 $ 521
NOTE 13 - GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
(In millions) Crop Protection Seed Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 4,618 $ 5,344 $ 9,962
Acquisitions1
512 - 512
Currency translation adjustment 53 78 131
Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 5,183 $ 5,422 $ 10,605
Currency translation adjustment (139) (96) (235)
Other goodwill adjustments2
38 - 38
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 5,082 $ 5,326 $ 10,408
1.On March 1, 2023, the company completed the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg, which are included in the Crop Protection segment. See Note 4 - Business Combinations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
2.Includes measurement period adjustments related to the acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg, which were not material.
The company performed annual qualitative testing on all of its reporting units in 2024 and quantitative testing on all of its reporting units in 2023, determining that no goodwill impairments existed in either year. As of December 31, 2024, accumulated impairment losses on goodwill were $4,503 million.
Other Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets by major class are as follows:
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 20231
Gross Accumulated
Amortization Net Gross Accumulated
Amortization Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization (finite-lived):
Germplasm $ 6,291 $ (1,336) $ 4,955 $ 6,291 $ (1,081) $ 5,210
Customer-related
2,350 (863) 1,487 2,427 (734) 1,693
Developed technology 1,838 (1,161) 677 1,849 (1,004) 845
Trademarks/trade names 2,056 (380) 1,676 2,111 (339) 1,772
Other2
388 (312) 76 395 (294) 101
Total other intangible assets with finite lives
$ 12,923 $ (4,052) $ 8,871 $ 13,073 $ (3,452) $ 9,621
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (indefinite-lived):
In-process research and development 5 - 5 5 - 5
Total other intangible assets with indefinite lives 5 - 5 5 - 5
Total other intangible assets $ 12,928 $ (4,052) $ 8,876 $ 13,078 $ (3,452) $ 9,626
1.Includes the intangible assets acquired in connection with the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions, which were completed on March 1, 2023. See Note 4 - Business Combinations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
2.Primarily consists of sales and farmer networks, marketing and manufacturing alliances and noncompetition agreements.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The aggregate pre-tax amortization expense from continuing operations for finite-lived intangible assets was $685 million, $683 million, and $702 million, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Total estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
(In millions)
2025 $ 641
2026 631
2027 570
2028 549
2029 526
NOTE 14 - LEASES
The company has operating and finance leases for real estate, transportation, certain machinery and equipment, and information technology assets. The company’s leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 1 to 38 years. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms may be deemed to include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that the company will exercise that option. Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage, output, or may vary for other reasons, such as insurance and tax payments. The variable lease payments are not presented as part of the initial ROU asset or lease liability.
Certain of the company's leases include residual value guarantees. These residual value guarantees are based on a percentage of the lessor's asset acquisition price and the amount of such guarantee generally declines over the course of the lease term. The portion of residual value guarantees that are probable of payment are included in the related lease liability. At December 31, 2024, the company has future maximum payments for residual value guarantees in operating leases of $215 million with final expirations through 2034. The company's lease agreements do not contain any material restrictive covenants.
The components of lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Operating lease cost $ 176 $ 169 $ 152
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets 1 1 1
Total finance lease cost $ 1 $ 1 $ 1
Short-term lease cost 27 23 18
Variable lease cost 8 11 8
Total lease cost $ 212 $ 204 $ 179
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 188 $ 169 $ 155
Financing cash outflows from finance leases $ 1 $ 1 $ 1
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
New leases entered into during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were not material, on an individual basis. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets1
$ 414 $ 412
Current operating lease liabilities2
134 131
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities3
342 355
Total operating lease liabilities
$ 476 $ 486
Finance Leases
Property, plant, and equipment, gross
$ 14 $ 14
Accumulated depreciation
(14) (13)
Property, plant, and equipment, net
$ - $ 1
Short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations - 1
Long-term debt - 1
Total finance lease liabilities $ - $ 2
1.Included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2.Included in accrued and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
3.Included in other noncurrent obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The company utilizes the incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments unless the implicit rate is readily determinable.
Lease Term and Discount Rate December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases 6.44 6.63
Financing leases 0.38 1.36
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases 3.32 % 2.98 %
Financing leases 3.29 % 3.29 %
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Maturity of Lease Liabilities at December 31, 2024 Operating Leases
(In millions)
2025 $ 146
2026 115
2027 74
2028 56
2029 40
2030 and thereafter 101
Total lease payments $ 532
Less: Interest 56
Present value of lease liabilities $ 476
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
NOTE 15 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS, LONG-TERM DEBT AND AVAILABLE CREDIT FACILITIES
The following tables summarize Corteva's short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations and long-term debt:
Short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations
(In millions) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Other loans - various currencies $ 250 $ 1
Long-term debt payable within one year 500 196
Finance lease obligations payable within one year - 1
Total short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations $ 750 $ 198
Long-Term Debt
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(In millions) Amount Weighted Average Rate Amount Weighted Average Rate
Promissory notes and debentures:
Maturing in July 2025 $ 500 1.70 % $ 500 1.70 %
Maturing in May 2026 600 4.50 % 600 4.50 %
Maturing in July 2030 500 2.30 % 500 2.30 %
Maturing in May 2033 600 4.80 % 600 4.80 %
Other loans:
Foreign currency loans, various rates and maturities 161 12.70 % 196 14.80 %
Medium-term notes, varying maturities through 2041 104 4.41 % 106 5.34 %
Finance lease obligations - 1
Less: Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs 12 16
Less: Long-term debt due within one year 500 196
Total $ 1,953 $ 2,291
Principal payments of long-term debt are $500 million, $761 million and $0 million for debt maturing in 2025, 2026 and 2027, respectively.
The estimated fair value of the company's short-term and long-term borrowings, including interest rate financial instruments was determined using Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Based on quoted market prices for the same or similar issues, or on current rates offered to the company for debt of the same remaining maturities, the fair value of the company's short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations was approximately carrying value.
The fair value of the company's long-term borrowings, including long-term debt due within one year, was $2,366 million and $2,434 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Debt Offering
In May 2023, the company issued $600 million of 4.5% Senior Notes due in 2026 and $600 million of 4.8% Senior Notes due in 2033 (the “May 2023 Debt Offering”). The proceeds of this offering are intended to be used for general corporate purposes, which may include funding of working capital, capital expenditures and share repurchases.
Foreign Currency Loans
The company enters into short-term and long-term foreign currency loans from time-to-time by accessing uncommitted revolving credit lines to fund working capital needs of foreign subsidiaries in the normal course of business ("Foreign Currency Loans"). Interest rates are variable and determined at the time of borrowing. Total unused bank credit lines on the Foreign Currency Loans at December 31, 2024 was approximately $62 million. The company's long-term Foreign Currency Loans have varying maturities throughout 2026.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Available Committed Credit Facilities
The following table summarizes the company's credit facilities:
Committed and Available Credit Facilities at December 31, 2024
(In millions) Effective Date Committed Credit Credit Available Maturity Date Interest
Revolving Credit Facility June 2024 $ 2,850 $ 2,850 June 2029 Floating Rate
Revolving Credit Facility June 2024 1,900 1,900 June 2027 Floating Rate
364-Day Revolving Credit Facility February 2024 1,000 1,000 February 2025 Floating Rate
Total Committed and Available Credit Facilities $ 5,750 $ 5,750
Revolving Credit Facilities
In May 2022, the company entered into a $3 billion, 5 year revolving credit facility and a $2 billion, 3-year revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facilities”) expiring in May 2027 and May 2025, respectively. Borrowings under the revolving credit facilities have an interest rate equal to Adjusted Term SOFR, which is Term SOFR plus 0.10 percent, plus the applicable margin. In June 2024, the Revolving Credit Facilities were refinanced for purposes of extending the maturity dates for the five-year and three-year revolving credit facilities to June 2029 and June 2027, respectively, and lowering the facility amount of the five-year revolving credit facility to $2.85 billion and the three-year revolving credit facility to $1.9 billion. The Revolving Credit Facilities may serve as a substitute to the company's commercial paper program, and can be used from time to time, for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the funding of seasonal working capital needs. The Revolving Credit Facilities contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default that are typical for companies with similar credit ratings. Additionally, the Revolving Credit Facilities contain a financial covenant requiring that the ratio of total indebtedness to total capitalization for Corteva and its consolidated subsidiaries not exceed 0.60. At December 31, 2024, the company was in compliance with these covenants.
364-Day Revolving Credit Facilities
In February 2024, the company amended and restated its July 2023 (as amended in July 2023 and January 2024) 364-day revolving credit agreement (the “364-Day Revolving Credit Facility”) increasing the facility amount to $1 billion and extending the expiration date to February 2025. Borrowings under the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility have an interest rate equal to Adjusted Term SOFR, which is Term SOFR plus 0.10 percent, plus the applicable margin. The 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility includes a provision under which the company may convert any advances outstanding prior to the maturity date into term loans having a maturity date up to one year later. In February 2023, the company drew down $1 billion under the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility, which was used for general corporate purposes, including funding seasonal working capital needs, capital spending, dividend payments, share repurchases and to partially fund the Stoller and Symborg acquisitions. In May 2023, the company repaid the $1 billion loan using the proceeds from the May 2023 Debt Offering. The 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default that are typical for companies with similar credit ratings. Additionally, the 364-Day Revolving Credit Facility contains a financial covenant requiring that the ratio of total indebtedness to total capitalization for Corteva and its consolidated subsidiaries not exceed 0.60. At December 31, 2024, the company was in compliance with these covenants.
Uncommitted Credit Facilities and Outstanding Letters of Credit
Unused bank credit lines on uncommitted credit facilities were $525 million at December 31, 2024. These lines are available to support short-term liquidity needs and general corporate purposes, including letters of credit. Outstanding letters of credit were $169 million at December 31, 2024. These letters of credit support commitments made in the ordinary course of business.
NOTE 16 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Guarantees
Indemnifications
In connection with acquisitions and divestitures, the company has indemnified respective parties against certain liabilities that may arise in connection with these transactions and business activities prior to the completion of the transactions. The term of these indemnifications, which typically pertain to environmental, tax and product liabilities, is generally indefinite. In addition, the company indemnifies its duly elected or appointed directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, against liabilities incurred as a result of their activities for the company, such as adverse judgments relating to litigation matters. If the indemnified party were to incur a liability or have a liability increase as a result of a successful claim, pursuant to the terms of the indemnification, the company would be required to reimburse the indemnified party. The maximum amount of potential future payments is generally unlimited. See below for additional information relating to the indemnification obligations under the Chemours Separation Agreement and the Corteva Separation Agreement.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Obligations for Supplier Finance Programs
The company enters into supplier finance programs with various finance providers in which the company agrees to pay these finance providers the stated amount of confirmed invoices from participating suppliers by the original maturity date. The company or the financial provider may terminate the agreement upon providing at least thirty days’ written notice. The payment terms that the company has with its finance providers under supplier finance programs are less than one year. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding obligations under supplier finance programs was approximately $88 million and $115 million, respectively, and included within accounts payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The rollforward of the company’s outstanding obligations confirmed as valid under its supplier finance programs for the period ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:
(In millions)
Confirmed obligations outstanding at December 31, 2023 $ 115
Invoices confirmed during the year 571
Confirmed invoices paid during the year (598)
Confirmed obligations outstanding at December 31, 2024 $ 88
Obligations for Customers and Other Third Parties
The company has directly guaranteed various debt obligations under agreements with third parties related to customers and other third parties. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company had directly guaranteed $64 million and $84 million, respectively, of such obligations. These amounts represent the maximum potential amount of future (undiscounted) payments that the company could be required to make under the guarantees in the event of default by the guaranteed party. Of the maximum future payments at December 31, 2024, approximately $15 million had terms greater than one year. The maximum future payments include $4 million and $2 million of guarantees related to the various factoring agreements that the company enters into with third-party financial institutions to sell its trade receivables at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 10 - Accounts and Notes Receivable - Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
The maximum future payments also include agreements with lenders to establish programs that provide financing for select customers. The terms of the guarantees are equivalent to the terms of the customer loans that are primarily made to finance customer invoices. The total amounts owed from customers to the lenders relating to these agreements was $223 million and $187 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The company assesses the payment/performance risk by assigning default rates based on the duration of the guarantees. These default rates are assigned based on the external credit rating of the counterparty or through internal credit analysis and historical default history for counterparties that do not have published credit ratings. For counterparties without an external rating or available credit history, a cumulative average default rate is used.
Indemnifications under Separation Agreements
The company has entered into various agreements where the company is indemnified for certain liabilities. The term of this indemnification is generally indefinite, with exceptions, and includes defense costs and expenses, as well as monetary and non-monetary settlements and judgments. In connection with the recognition of liabilities related to these matters, the company records an indemnification asset when recovery is deemed probable.
Chemours Separation Agreement (Performance Chemicals)
Pursuant to the Chemours Separation Agreement resulting from the 2015 spin-off of the Performance Chemicals segment from Historical DuPont, Chemours indemnifies the company against certain litigation, environmental, workers' compensation and other liabilities that arose prior to the distribution.
In 2017, the Chemours Separation Agreement was amended to provide for a limited sharing of potential future liabilities related to alleged historical releases of perfluorooctanoic acids and its ammonium salts (“PFOA”) for a five-year period that began on July 6, 2017. In addition, in 2017, Chemours and EIDP settled multi-district litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (“Ohio MDL”), resolving claims of about 3,550 plaintiffs alleging injury from exposure to PFOA in drinking water as a result of the historical manufacture or use of PFOA at the Washington Works plant outside Parkersburg, West Virginia. This plant was previously owned and/or operated by the Performance Chemicals segment of EIDP and is now owned and/or operated by Chemours.
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On May 13, 2019, Chemours filed suit in the Delaware Court of Chancery against DuPont, EIDP, and Corteva, seeking, among other things, to limit its responsibility for the litigation and environmental liabilities allocated to and assumed by Chemours under the Chemours Separation Agreement (the “Delaware Litigation”). On March 30, 2020, the Court of Chancery granted a motion to dismiss. On December 15, 2020, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the Court of Chancery. Meanwhile, a confidential arbitration process regarding the same and other claims proceeded (the “Arbitration”).
On January 22, 2021, Chemours, DuPont, Corteva and EIDP entered into a binding memorandum of understanding containing a settlement to resolve legal disputes originating from the Delaware Litigation and Arbitration, and to establish a cost sharing arrangement and escrow account to be used to support and manage potential future legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”) liabilities arising out of pre-July 1, 2015 conduct (the “MOU”). The MOU replaced the 2017 amendment to the Chemours Separation Agreement. According to the terms of the cost sharing arrangement within the MOU, Corteva and DuPont together, on one hand, and Chemours, on the other hand, agreed to a 50-50 split of certain qualified expenses related to PFAS liabilities incurred over a term not to exceed twenty years or $4 billion of qualified spend and escrow account contributions (see below for discussion of the escrow account) in the aggregate. DuPont’s and Corteva’s 50% share under the MOU will be limited to $2 billion, including qualified expenses and escrow account contributions. These expenses and escrow account contributions will be subject to the existing Letter Agreement, under which DuPont and Corteva will each bear 50% of the first $300 million (up to $150 million each), and thereafter DuPont bears 71% and Corteva bears the remaining 29%. Under the terms of the MOU, Corteva’s estimated aggregate share of the potential $2 billion is approximately $600 million.
In order to support and manage any potential future PFAS liabilities, the parties also agreed to establish an escrow account ("MOU Escrow Account"). The MOU provides that (1) no later than each of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2022, Chemours shall deposit $100 million into an escrow account and DuPont and Corteva shall together deposit $100 million in the aggregate into an escrow account and (2) no later than September 30 of each subsequent year through and including 2028, Chemours shall deposit $50 million into an escrow account and DuPont and Corteva shall together deposit $50 million in the aggregate into an escrow account. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the MOU, each party may be permitted to defer funding in any year (excluding 2021). Over this period, Chemours will deposit a total of $500 million in the account and DuPont and Corteva will deposit an additional $500 million pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement. Additionally, if on December 31, 2028, the balance of the escrow account (including interest) is less than $700 million, Chemours will make 50% of the deposits and DuPont and Corteva together will make 50% of the deposits necessary to restore the balance of the escrow account to $700 million pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement. Such payments will be made in a series of consecutive annual equal installments commencing on September 30, 2029, pursuant to the escrow account replenishment terms as set forth in the MOU. The MOU provides that no withdrawals from the MOU Escrow Account can be made before year six, except to fund mutually agreed upon third-party settlements in excess of $125 million. Starting with year six, withdrawals can only be made to fund qualified spend if the parties’ aggregate qualified spend in that particular year is greater than $200 million. Beginning with year 11, the amounts in the MOU Escrow Account can be used to fund any qualified spend. The company made its annual installment deposits due to the MOU Escrow Account through December 31, 2024.
In April 2024, Corteva, EIDP, DuPont, and Chemours received a final judgment resolving all drinking water claims related to PFAS of a defined class of U.S. public water systems that serve the vast majority of the United States population (the “Nationwide Water District Settlement”). In connection with the Nationwide Water District Settlement, the MOU was supplemented to waive funding due to the MOU Escrow Account by Chemours, DuPont and Corteva for 2023 provided that each party fully funds its portion of the Nationwide Water District Settlement and said settlement is consummated. The funding obligation to the MOU Escrow Account with respect to 2024 and due September 30, 2024 will be waived if (i) between October 1, 2023 and September 30, 2024, the parties had entered into settlement agreements resolving liabilities under the MOU that in the aggregate exceed $100 million; (ii) each company had fully funded its respective share, in accordance with the MOU, of such settlements; and (iii) such settlements were consummated. No such waiver was triggered for the 2024 escrow funding obligation due September 30, 2024 and, therefore, the company made its required contribution.
After the term of this arrangement, Chemours’ indemnification obligations under the original 2015 Chemours Separation Agreement, would continue unchanged, subject in each case to certain exceptions set out in the MOU. Under the MOU, Chemours waived specified claims regarding the construct of its 2015 spin-off transaction, and the parties dismissed the pending arbitration regarding those claims. Additionally, the parties have agreed to resolve the Ohio MDL PFOA personal injury litigation (as discussed below). The parties are expected to cooperate in good faith to enter into additional agreements reflecting the terms set forth in the MOU.
Corteva Separation Agreement
On April 1, 2019, in connection with the Dow Distribution, Corteva, DuPont and Dow entered into the Corteva Separation Agreement, the Tax Matters Agreement ("TMA"), the Employee Matters Agreement, and certain other agreements (collectively, the “Corteva Separation Agreements”). The Corteva Separation Agreements allocate among Corteva, DuPont and
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Dow assets, employees, certain liabilities and obligations (including its investments, property and employee benefits and tax-related assets and liabilities) among the parties and provides for indemnification obligation among the parties. Under the Corteva Separation Agreements, DuPont indemnifies Corteva against certain litigation, environmental, tax, workers' compensation and other liabilities that arose prior to the Corteva Distribution and Dow indemnifies Corteva against certain litigation, environmental, tax, workers' compensation and other liabilities that relate to the Historical Dow business, and Corteva indemnifies DuPont and Dow for certain liabilities.
Indemnification matters under the Corteva Separation Agreements contain dispute resolution clauses. Corteva and DuPont are pursuing a resolution of a matter under the terms of the TMA. The company believes its interpretation of the TMA is correct, but it is reasonably possible that the required third-party assessment may differ from our interpretation, which could have a significant impact to the current carrying value of our indemnification liability. Under the terms of the TMA, the dispute resolution process is expected to be concluded in the first half of 2025.
Under the Corteva Separation Agreement, certain legacy EIDP liabilities from discontinued and/or divested operations and businesses of EIDP (including Performance Chemicals) (a “stray liability”) were allocated to Corteva or DuPont. For those stray liabilities allocated to Corteva and DuPont (which may include a specified amount of liability associated with that liability), Corteva and DuPont are responsible for liabilities in an amount up to that specified amount plus an additional $200 million each. Once each company has met the $200 million threshold, Corteva and DuPont will share future liabilities proportionally on the basis of 29% and 71%, respectively; provided, however, that for PFAS, DuPont managed such liabilities with Corteva and DuPont sharing the costs on a 50% - 50% basis starting from $1 and up to $300 million (with such amount, up to $150 million, to be credited to each company’s $200 million threshold) and once the $300 million threshold was met, the companies share proportionally on the basis of 29% and 71% respectively, subject to a $1 million de minimis requirement. The aggregate amount of cash remitted by Corteva has exceeded the stray liability thresholds, including PFAS, noted above.
In addition to the TMA dispute process, Corteva initiated a dispute resolution process under the Corteva Separation Agreement with respect to the classification of potential liabilities resulting from certain non-PFAS related disputes. Under the terms of the Corteva Separation Agreement, absent a near-term resolution, the dispute would proceed to arbitration in the second quarter of 2025.
At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the indemnification assets were $47 million and $44 million, respectively, within accounts and notes receivable - net and $143 million and $104 million, respectively, within other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the indemnification liabilities were $9 million and $30 million, respectively, within accrued and other current liabilities and $149 million and $106 million, respectively, within other noncurrent obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Discontinued Operations Activity
For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company recorded benefits (charges) of $56 million and $(194) million, to income (loss) from discontinued operations after income taxes, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The after-tax benefit recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven by charges pursuant to the MOU with Chemours and DuPont relating to PFAS remediation activities primarily at Chemours' Fayetteville Works facility and litigation activity, which were more than offset by a favorable adjustment of certain prior year tax positions for previously divested businesses, the derecognition of an indemnification liability associated with the Water District Settlement Fund contribution, and insurance proceeds related to legacy matters. The after-tax charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023 included approximately $(175) million associated with the settlement of certain legacy PFAS related legal matters that are subject to the MOU, including the Nationwide Water District Settlement and the State of Ohio related to natural resource damage claims, and charges associated with environmental remediation activities primarily at Chemours' Fayetteville Works facility.
Litigation
The company is subject to various legal proceedings, including, but not limited to, product liability, intellectual property, antitrust, commercial, property damage, personal injury, environmental and regulatory matters arising out of the normal course of its current businesses or legacy EIDP businesses unrelated to Corteva’s current businesses but allocated to Corteva as part of the separation of Corteva from DuPont. It is not possible to predict the outcome of these various proceedings, as considerable uncertainty exists. The company records accruals for legal matters when the information available indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals may reflect the impact and status of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice from counsel and other information and events that may pertain to a particular matter. For the litigation matters discussed below, management believes that it is reasonably possible that the company could incur liabilities in excess of amounts accrued, for which the ultimate liability could be material to the results of operations and the cash flows in the period recognized. However, the company is unable to estimate the possible loss beyond amounts accrued due to various reasons, including, among others, that the underlying matters are either in early stages and/or
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have significant factual issues to be resolved. In addition, even when the company believes it has substantial defenses, the company may consider settlement of matters if it believes it is in the best interest of the company.
Bayer Dispute
In August 2022, Bayer filed a breach of contract/declaratory judgment lawsuit in Delaware state court against Corteva relating to an agrobacterium cross-license agreement and E3® soybeans. Bayer alleges that Corteva practiced two Bayer patents in developing E3® soybeans, and therefore, is entitled pursuant to the terms of the cross-license agreement to royalties of $200 million for sales between 2019 and 2023 and other damages. In April 2023, Corteva's motion to dismiss the complaint on the basis that, under the terms of the cross-license agreement and the law, E3® soybeans cannot infringe expired patents was denied. At that time the court also denied Bayer’s motion to dismiss our invalidity counterclaim. In December 2024, Corteva moved for summary judgment on the basis that U.S. Supreme Court precedent prohibits the collection of royalties after patent expiration. In January 2025, the court issued several rulings precluding Corteva's invalidity and inequitable conduct defenses, while also aligning on key aspects of Corteva's patent claim construction. Corteva is seeking the court’s reconsideration of Corteva’s invalidity and inequitable conduct defenses. The trial date is currently scheduled for June 2025.
Federal Trade Commission Investigation
On May 26, 2020, Corteva received a subpoena from the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) directing it to submit documents pertaining to its Crop Protection products generally, as well as business plans, rebate programs, offers, pricing and marketing materials specifically related to its acetochlor, oxamyl, rimsulfuron and other related products in order to determine whether Corteva engaged in unfair methods of competition through anticompetitive conduct. Corteva has fully cooperated with all requests related to this subpoena. On September 29, 2022, the FTC, along with ten state attorneys general in California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon, Wisconsin, and Texas, filed a lawsuit against Corteva and another competitor alleging the parties engaged in unfair methods of competition, unlawful conditioning of payments, unreasonably restrained trade, and have an unlawful monopoly (the “FTC lawsuit”). In December 2022, attorneys general in Tennessee and Washington joined the FTC lawsuit and the Arkansas state attorney general filed a separate lawsuit against Corteva and another competitor based on the allegations set forth in the FTC lawsuit. Several proposed private class action lawsuits were also filed in federal court alleging anticompetitive conduct based on the allegations set forth in the FTC lawsuit.
Virtually all of these private lawsuits were centralized into a multi-district litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. In January 2025, federal court for the multi-district litigation granted in part, and denied in part, Corteva's motion to dismiss. Specifically, the court order dismissed the plaintiff's federal damages claims and 13 of the 27 state consumer protection act claims.
Lorsban® Lawsuits
As of December 31, 2024, there were pending asserted claims for personal injury against the former Dow Agrosciences LLC, alleging injuries related to chlorpyrifos exposure, the active ingredient in Lorsban®, an insecticide used by commercial farms for field fruit, nut and vegetable crops. Corteva ended its production of Lorsban® in 2020. Chlorpyrifos products are restricted-use pesticides, which are not available for purchase or use by the general public, and may only be sold to, and used by, certified applicators or someone under the certified applicator's direct supervision. These lawsuits do not relate to Dursban®, a residential type chlorpyrifos product that was authorized for indoor purposes, which was discontinued over two decades ago prior to the Merger and Corteva’s formation and Separation. Claimants allege personal injury, including autism, developmental delays and/or decreased neurologic function, resulting from farm worker exposure and bystander drift and in utero exposure to chlorpyrifos. Certain claimants have also put forth remediation claims due to alleged property contamination from chlorpyrifos. As of December 31, 2024, an accrual has been established for the estimated resolution of certain claims.
Litigation related to legacy EIDP businesses unrelated to Corteva’s current businesses
For purposes of this report, the term PFOA means collectively perfluorooctanoic acid and its salts, including the ammonium salt and does not distinguish between the two forms, and PFAS, including PFOA, PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), GenX and other perfluorinated chemicals and compounds ("PFCs").
EIDP is a party to various legal proceedings relating to the use of PFOA by its former Performance Chemicals segment for which potential liabilities would be subject to the cost sharing arrangement under the MOU as long as it remains effective.
Leach Settlement and Ohio MDL Settlement
EIDP has residual liabilities under its 2004 settlement of a West Virginia state court class action, Leach v. EIDP, which alleged that PFOA from EIDP’s former Washington Works facility had contaminated area drinking water supplies and affected the health of area residents. The settlement class has about 80,000 members. In addition to relief that was provided to class members years ago, the settlement requires EIDP to continue providing PFOA water treatment to six area water districts and
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private well users and to fund, through an escrow account, up to $235 million for a medical monitoring program for eligible class members. As of December 31, 2024, approximately $2 million had been disbursed from the account since its establishment in 2012 and the remaining balance is approximately $1 million.
The Leach settlement permits class members to pursue personal injury claims for six health conditions (and no others) that an expert panel appointed under the settlement reported in 2012 had a “probable link” (as defined in the settlement) with PFOA: pregnancy-induced hypertension, including preeclampsia; kidney cancer; testicular cancer; thyroid disease; ulcerative colitis; and diagnosed high cholesterol. After the panel reported its findings, approximately 3,550 personal injury lawsuits were filed in federal and state courts in Ohio and West Virginia and consolidated in multi-district litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (“Ohio MDL”). The Ohio MDL was settled in early 2017 for approximately $670 million in cash, with Chemours and EIDP (without indemnification from Chemours) each paying half.
Post-MDL Settlement PFOA Personal Injury Claims
The 2017 Ohio MDL settlement did not resolve claims of plaintiffs who did not have claims in the Ohio MDL or whose claims are based on diseases first diagnosed after February 11, 2017.
In January 2021, Chemours, DuPont and Corteva agreed to settle approximately 95 filed and unfiled matters, remaining in the Ohio MDL, with the exception of the Abbott Case, for $83 million, with Chemours contributing $29 million to the settlement, and DuPont and Corteva contributing $27 million each. The company paid $27 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. In December 2024, the defendants reached a settlement of all of the currently filed and unfiled personal injury cases in the Ohio MDL for $59 million. The settlement is payable in two installments, in which the first payment of $30 million was paid in December 2024, with $4 million contributed by Corteva. The second installment is contingent upon the court dissolving the MDL. As of December 31, 2024, an accrual has been established for the estimated resolution of these claims.
Other PFOA Matters
EIDP is a party to other PFOA lawsuits involving claims for property damage, medical monitoring and personal injury. Defense costs and any future liabilities that may arise out of these lawsuits are subject to the MOU and the cost sharing arrangement disclosed above. Under the MOU, fraudulent conveyance claims associated with these matters are not qualified expenses, unless Corteva, Inc. and EIDP would prevail on the merits of these claims.
EIDP did not make film-forming foams, PFOS, or PFOS products. While EIDP made surfactants and intermediaries that some manufacturers used in making foams, which may have contained PFOA as an unintended byproduct or an impurity, EIDP’s products were not formulated with PFOA, nor was PFOA an ingredient of these products. EIDP has never made or sold PFOA as a commercial product.
Aqueous Film-Forming Foams. Approximately 5,000 cases remain filed against 3M and other defendants, including EIDP and Chemours, and some including Corteva and DuPont, alleging personal injury (primarily prostate, kidney, and testicular cancer) from the use of aqueous film-forming foams (“AFFF”) and consolidated in a multi-district litigation proceeding in federal district court in South Carolina (“SC MDL”). Most of these recent cases also assert claims that the EIDP and Chemours separation constituted a fraudulent conveyance. The SC MDL ordered the dismissal of plaintiff claims by September 10, 2024, without prejudice, if such plaintiff could not produce peer reviewed science and expert reports supporting PFAS as both the general and specific causation of their personal injury. The first bellwether personal injury trial is expected to begin in October 2025. Additionally, in December 2023, a class action was filed in Canada against 3M and other defendants, including EIDP and Chemours, alleging PFOS and PFOA environmental contamination and personal injury from use of AFFF.
Nationwide Water District Settlement. On June 1, 2023, Corteva, EIDP, Inc., DuPont, and Chemours (collectively, the “settling companies”) entered into a binding agreement in principle to comprehensively resolve all drinking water claims related to PFAS of a defined class of U.S. public water systems that serve the vast majority of the United States population, including, but not limited to the AFFF claims in the SC MDL Nationwide Water District Settlement. PFAS, as defined in the settlement, includes PFOA and HFPO-DA, among a broad range of fluorinated organic substances. The Nationwide Water District Settlement was entered into solely by way of compromise and settlement and is not in any way an admission of liability or fault by Corteva or EIDP.
The class represented by the Nationwide Water District Settlement is composed of all Public Water Systems, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 300f, with a current detection of PFAS or that are currently required to monitor for PFAS under the Environmental Protection Agency’s Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (“UCMR 5”) or other applicable federal or state law (the “Class”). Approximately 88 percent of the U.S. is served by systems required to test under UCMR 5. The Class does not include water systems owned and operated by a State or the United States government; small systems that have not detected the
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presence of PFAS and are not currently required to monitor for it under federal or state requirements; and, unless they otherwise request to be included, water systems in the lower Cape Fear River Basin of North Carolina.
The total number of requests for exclusion (“opt-outs”) was approximately 1,000 water districts while most public water districts (approximately 93 percent of the Class) remain in the class settlement.
New Jersey. In late March of 2019, the New Jersey State Attorney General filed four lawsuits against EIDP, Chemours, and others alleging that operations at and discharges from former EIDP sites in New Jersey (Chambers Works, Pompton Lakes, Parlin and Repauno) damaged the State’s natural resources. Two of these lawsuits (those involving the Chambers Works and Parlin sites) allege contamination from PFAS. DuPont and Corteva were subsequently added as defendants to these lawsuits. These lawsuits include claims under the New Jersey Industrial Site Recovery Act (“ISRA”) and for fraudulent conveyance. These cases are proceeding to trial with the Chambers Works site case expected to begin in May 2025.
EIDP and Chemours are also defendants in two lawsuits by a private water utility provider in New Jersey and New York alleging damages from PFAS releases into the environment, that impacted water sources that the utilities use to provide water, as well as product liability, negligence, nuisance, and trespass claims. The court dismissed the New York plaintiff's trespass claims and limited plaintiffs’ nuisance claims to abatement damages.
Ohio. EIDP is a defendant in two lawsuits, including an action by the State of Ohio based on alleged damage to natural resources. The natural resources damage claim was settled in December 2023 for $110 million and received final approval under Ohio's judicial consent order process. If approved, Corteva’s share of the settlement under the MOU will be approximately $16 million. As of December 31, 2024, an accrual has been established. The second, a putative nationwide class action ("the Hardwick Class Action") brought on behalf of anyone who has detectable levels of PFAS in their blood serum seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, including the establishment of a “PFAS Science Panel.” In December 2023, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed the Hardwick Class Action due to lack of standing by Mr. Hardwick. With further opportunities for appeals expired, the plaintiffs filed a new case, narrowing their original claims, in June 2024.
New York. EIDP is a defendant in a putative class action (the "Baker Class Action"), brought by persons who live in and around Hoosick Falls, New York. These lawsuits assert claims for medical monitoring, property damage and personal injury based on alleged PFOA releases from manufacturing facilities owned and operated by co-defendants in Hoosick Falls. The lawsuits allege that EIDP and others supplied materials used at these facilities resulting in PFOA air and water contamination. A court approved settlement was reached between the plaintiffs and the other co-defendants regarding the Baker Class Action case. In September 2022, the class certification of the Baker Class Action was granted, with the court certifying three separate classes consisting of a private well property damage class, a medical monitoring class and a nuisance class. The trial for the Baker Class Action is expected to begin in July 2025.
EIDP is a defendant in a lawsuit brought by the Town of East Hampton, New York alleging PFOA and PFOS contamination of the town’s well water. This district submitted a timely opt-out request from the Nationwide Water District Settlement.
Other Natural Resource Damage Cases. In addition to the natural resource damage cases in New Jersey and New York, natural resource damage filed lawsuits against EIDP, Chemours, and others, claiming, among other things, PFC (including PFOA) contamination of groundwater and drinking water, have been filed by 31 state attorneys general, the District of Columbia and three U.S. territories. Certain cases also name DuPont and Corteva as defendants and include claims of fraudulent conveyance. The complaints seek reimbursement for past and future costs to investigate and remediate the alleged contamination and compensation for the loss of value and use of the state’s natural resources. Due to overlapping AFFF allegations, virtually all of these cases have been transferred, or are pending transfer to the SC MDL. These cases are largely in the discovery phase. While the recent mediation of the natural resource case in North Carolina and New Jersey concluded without resolution, discussions continue between the parties to seek a resolution.
On July 13, 2021, Chemours, DuPont, EIDP and Corteva entered into a settlement agreement with the State of Delaware reflecting the companies' and the State's agreement to settle and fully resolve claims alleged against the companies regarding their historical Delaware operations, manufacturing, use and disposal of all chemical compounds, including PFAS. Under the settlement, if the companies, individually or jointly, within 8 years of the settlement, enter into a proportionally similar agreement to settle or resolve claims of another state for PFAS-related natural resource damages, for an amount greater than $50 million, the companies shall make a supplemental payment directly to the Natural Resources and Sustainability Trust (the “NRS Trust”) in an amount equal to such other states’ recovery in excess of $50 million ("Supplemental Payment"). Supplemental Payment(s), if any, will not exceed $25 million in the aggregate. All amounts paid by the companies under the settlement are subject to the MOU and the Corteva Separation Agreement. Due to the settlement of natural resource damages claims with the State of Ohio, the one-time Supplemental Payment will be triggered when the further opportunity for appeals
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expires under the Ohio judicial consent order process, with Corteva’s share under the MOU being approximately $4 million, for which an accrual has been established. Under the settlement, if the state sues other parties and those parties seek contribution from the companies, the companies will have protection from contribution up to the amounts previously paid under the settlement agreement. The companies will also receive a credit up to the amount of the payment if the state seeks natural resource damage claims against the companies outside the scope of the settlement’s release of claims.
Canada. The Province of British Columbia, filed a class action against various defendants, including 3M, DuPont Canada, EIDP, and Chemours alleging harms caused by PFAS/AFFF. The class consists of all municipalities, regional districts, and other governance authorities and other persons in Canada that were responsible for a “Drinking Water System” from 1970 to the present. The plaintiff seeks to recover costs for the treatment and restoration of natural resources, as well as property, economic, and punitive damages. A putative class action was also filed in July 2024 on behalf of citizens of Quebec, Canada seeking class certification to recover for alleged PFAS and AFFF contamination of private wells and public water treatment facilities.
Netherlands. In April 2021, four municipalities in the Netherlands filed complaints alleging contamination of land and groundwater resulting from the emission of PFOA and GenX by Corteva, DuPont and Chemours. The municipalities seek to recover costs incurred due to the alleged emissions, including damages for investigation costs, construction project delays, depreciation of land, soil remediation, liabilities to contractors, and attorneys’ fees. In September 2023, the court entered a second interlocutory judgment, ruling, inter alia, that defendants were liable to the municipalities for PFOA emissions during a certain time period, and the removal costs of deposited emissions on the municipalities land infringes their property rights by an objective standard. In June 2024, Chemours and these Dutch municipalities signed a letter of intent that included the implementation of a specific remediation plan for the restoration of restricted vegetable gardens in certain areas of those municipalities to be funded by Chemours, sampling and developing a program to address a recreational lake, and further settlement discussions, including a potential fund to cover certain other expenditures aimed at environmental-related activities. While the letter of intent contemplates the possibility of settlement, discussions between the parties related to the resolution to these matters remain ongoing. Although the company believes a loss is probable, it is not estimable at this time due to various reasons including, among others, that such discussions remain in their early stages. As of December 31, 2024, an accrual has been established for the estimated environmental remediation set forth in the letter of intent. Additionally, the Office of Public Prosecutor in the Netherlands opened a criminal investigation against certain Dutch subsidiaries of Chemours and Historical DuPont, as well as each subsidiary's directors, alleging unlawful PFOA and GenX emissions from Chemours' Dordrecht Works facility.
Carpet Mill Cases. The city of Centre, Alabama water district alleged defendants, including EIDP, Chemours, other chemical suppliers and large carpet mills, discharged PFAS in their industrial wastewater, and that this wastewater after treatment, resulted in PFAS contamination of drinking water supplies. The trial for the Centre, Alabama water district carpet mill case is scheduled for March 2025. In July 2024, the town of Lyerly, Georgia filed a case making similar allegations as those brought in the Centre, Alabama case. Numerous carpet manufacturers, their alleged suppliers and former suppliers, including EIDP and Chemours, and certain municipal or utility defendants are also subject to several lawsuits in Georgia, Alabama and South Carolina, alleging negligence, nuisance and trespass related to the release of PFOA, and requesting injunctive relief related to PFOA contamination.
Fayetteville Works Facility, North Carolina
Prior to the separation of Chemours, EIDP introduced GenX as a polymerization processing aid and a replacement for PFOA at the Fayetteville Works facility in Bladen County, North Carolina. The facility is now owned and operated by Chemours, which continues to manufacture and use GenX.
At December 31, 2024, several actions, including personal injury, are pending in the North Carolina federal court against Chemours and EIDP relating to PFC discharges from the Fayetteville Works facility. One of these is a consolidated putative class action that asserts claims for medical monitoring and property damage on behalf of putative classes of property owners and residents in areas near or who draw drinking water from the Cape Fear River. Another action is a consolidated action brought by various North Carolina water authorities, including the Cape Fear Public Utility Authority (“CFPUA”) and Brunswick County, that seek actual and punitive damages as well as injunctive relief.
In March 2023, CFPUA filed a Delaware Chancery Court action claiming the spin-off of Chemours and the Dow and Historical DuPont merger were unlawful and should be voided, so CFPUA is not precluded from recovering amounts its entitled in its pending litigation. EIDP filed a motion to dismiss the Delaware Chancery Court action based upon failure to state a claim under Delaware law in June 2023, along with a counterclaim in October 2023. CFPUA’s motion to stay the case was granted in January 2024.
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In a state court action approximately 2,400 individual well owners near the Fayetteville Works facility seek compensatory and punitive damages for their claims of private nuisance, trespass, negligence, water monitoring and property damage allegedly caused by release of certain PFCs. In addition, several personal injury cases have been filed in the North Carolina federal court alleging thyroid disease, and prostate, breast and kidney cancers as a result of PFAS exposure.
Generally, site-related expenses related to GenX claims are subject to the cost sharing arrangements as defined in the MOU.
Environmental
Accruals for environmental matters are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated based on current law and existing technologies. These obligations are included in accrued and other current liabilities and other noncurrent obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. It is reasonably possible that environmental remediation and restoration costs in excess of amounts accrued could have a material impact on the company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Inherent uncertainties exist in these estimates primarily due to unknown conditions, changing governmental regulations and legal standards regarding liability, and emerging remediation technologies for handling site remediation and restoration.
For a discussion of the allocation of environmental liabilities under the Chemours Separation Agreement and the Corteva Separation Agreement, see page-37.
The accrued environmental obligations and indemnification assets include the following:
As of December 31, 2024
(In millions) Indemnification Asset Accrual balance3
Potential exposure above amount accrued3
Environmental Remediation Stray Liabilities
Chemours related obligations - subject to indemnity1,2
$ 163 $ 167 $ 265
Other discontinued or divested businesses obligations1
33 72 204
Environmental remediation liabilities primarily related to DuPont - subject to indemnity from DuPont2
49 52 61
Environmental remediation liabilities not subject to indemnity - 89 72
Indemnification liabilities related to the MOU4
26 98 14
Total $ 271 $ 478 $ 616
1.Represents liabilities that are subject to the $200 million threshold and sharing arrangements as discussed on page, under the header "Corteva Separation Agreement."
2.The company has recorded an indemnification asset related to these accruals, including $21 million related to the Superfund sites.
3.Accrual balance represents management’s best estimate of the costs of remediation and restoration, although it is reasonably possible that the potential exposure, as indicated, could range above the amounts accrued, as there are inherent uncertainties in these estimates. Accrual balance includes $46 million for remediation of Superfund sites. Amounts do not include possible impacts from the remediation elements of the EPAs October 2021 PFAS Strategic Roadmap (as applicable), except as disclosed on page relating to Chemours' remediation activities at the Fayetteville Works Facility pursuant to the Consent Order with the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality ("NC DEQ").
4.Represents liabilities that are subject to the $150 million threshold and sharing agreements as discussed on page, under the header "Chemours Separation Agreement (Performance Chemicals)."
Chambers Works, New Jersey
On January 28, 2022, the State of New Jersey filed a request for a preliminary injunction against EIDP and Chemours seeking the establishment of a Remediation Funding Source (“RFS”) in an amount exceeding $900 million for environmental remediation at EIDP’s former Chambers Works facility in New Jersey. The RFS primarily relates to non-PFAS remediation, which is not subject to the MOU. Chemours has accepted indemnity and defense for these matters, while reserving rights and declining EIDP’s demand relating to the ISRA and fraudulent transfer matters as alleged under the existing New Jersey natural resource lawsuits discussed on page.
Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, AltEn Facility
The EPA and the Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy (“NDEE”) are pursuing investigations, response and removal actions, litigation and enforcement action related to an ethanol plant located near Mead, Nebraska and owned and operated by AltEn LLC (“AltEn”). The agencies have alleged violations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and other federal and state laws stemming from AltEn’s lack of compliance with the terms and conditions of its operating permits and other regulatory requirements. Corteva is one of six seed companies, who were customers of AltEn
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(collectively, the "Facility Response Group"), participating in the NDEE’s Voluntary Cleanup Program to address certain interim remediation needs at the site. In February 2022, the Facility Response Group, filed a lawsuit in federal court against AltEn and certain of its affiliates to preserve certain contractual and common law indemnification claims. As of December 31, 2024, an accrual was established for Corteva’s estimated voluntary contribution to the solid waste and wastewater remedial action plans for the AltEn location.
California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Pittsburg Plant
The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (“DTSC”) has filed a state court lawsuit over challenging whether the Pittsburg plant’s high purity water system (“HPWS”), as operated by Dow and now Corteva, required a permit pursuant to the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”). Discussions between the parties remain ongoing and further litigation, including discovery, is stayed.
NOTE 17 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common Stock
Set forth below is a reconciliation of common stock share activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022:
Shares of common stock Issued
Balance December 31, 2021 726,527,000
Issued 4,317,000
Repurchased and retired (17,425,000)
Balance December 31, 2022 713,419,000
Issued 1,965,000
Repurchased and retired (14,124,000)
Balance December 31, 2023 701,260,000
Issued 2,244,000
Repurchased and retired (17,909,000)
Balance December 31, 2024 685,595,000
Share Buyback Plan
On November 19, 2024, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $3 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2024 Share Buyback Plan"). The timing, price and volume of purchases will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors.
On September 13, 2022, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $2 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2022 Share Buyback Plan"). The timing, price and volume of purchases will be based on market conditions, relevant securities laws and other factors. In connection with the 2022 Share Buyback Plan, the company repurchased and retired 17,909,000 and 10,026,000 shares in the open market and through privately-negotiated transactions for a cost (excluding excise taxes) of $1 billion and $500 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Included within the shares repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2024 were $125 million of shares from the master trust fund of the principal U.S. pension plan, as part of the Pension Investment Committee's periodic portfolio rebalancing process. Shares were repurchased by the company at the prevailing market rate authorized and agreed to by a third-party independent fiduciary for the plan.
On August 5, 2021, Corteva, Inc. announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $1.5 billion share repurchase program to purchase Corteva, Inc.'s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, without an expiration date ("2021 Share Buyback Plan"). The company completed the 2021 Share Buyback Plan during the first quarter of 2023 and repurchased and retired 4,098,000, 17,425,000 and 5,572,000 shares in the open market for a total cost of $250 million, $1 billion and $250 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Shares repurchased pursuant to Corteva's share buyback plans are immediately retired upon repurchase. Repurchased common stock is reflected as a reduction of stockholders' equity. The company's accounting policy related to its share repurchases is to reduce its common stock based on the par value of the shares and to reduce its retained earnings for the excess of the repurchase price over the par value. When Corteva has an accumulated deficit balance, the excess over the par value is applied to additional paid-in capital ("APIC"). When Corteva has retained earnings, the excess is charged entirely to retained earnings.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Noncontrolling Interest
Corteva, Inc. owns 100 percent of the outstanding common shares of EIDP. However, EIDP has preferred stock outstanding to third parties which is accounted for as a non-controlling interest in Corteva's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Each share of EIDP Preferred Stock - $4.50 Series and EIDP Preferred Stock - $3.50 Series issued and outstanding at the effective date of the Corteva Distribution remains issued and outstanding as to EIDP and was unaffected by the Corteva Distribution.
Below is a summary of the EIDP Preferred Stock at December 31, 2024 and 2023 which is classified as noncontrolling interests in the Corteva Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(Shares in thousands) Number of Shares
Authorized 23,000
$4.50 Series, callable at $120
1,673
$3.50 Series, callable at $102
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes and after-tax balances of components comprising accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are summarized below:
(In millions) Cumulative Translation Adjustment1
Derivative Instruments Pension Benefit Plans Other Benefit Plans Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments Total
Balance January 1, 2022 $ (2,543) $ 72 $ (396) $ (31) $ - $ (2,898)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (340) 63 213 190 - 126
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - (55) 20 1 - (34)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) $ (340) $ 8 $ 233 $ 191 $ - $ 92
Balance December 31, 2022 $ (2,883) $ 80 $ (163) $ 160 $ - $ (2,806)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 425 (123) (188) 38 - 152
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - (12) (2) (9) - (23)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) $ 425 $ (135) $ (190) $ 29 $ - $ 129
Balance December 31, 2023 $ (2,458) $ (55) $ (353) $ 189 $ - $ (2,677)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (1,014) 27 127 40 (6) (826)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - 44 - (10) - 34
Net other comprehensive income (loss) $ (1,014) $ 71 $ 127 $ 30 $ (6) $ (792)
Balance December 31, 2024 $ (3,472) $ 16 $ (226) $ 219 $ (6) $ (3,469)
1.The cumulative translation adjustment losses for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar ("USD") against the Brazilian Real ("BRL"), Euro ("EUR"), Swiss Franc ("CHF") and Mexican Peso ("MXN"). The cumulative translation adjustment gains for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily driven by the weakening of the U.S. Dollar ("USD") against the Swiss Franc ("CHF"), Brazilian Real ("BRL") and Euro ("EUR"). The cumulative translation adjustment losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar ("USD") against the Euro ("EUR"), Indian Rupee ("INR"), South African Rand ("ZAR") and Philippine Peso ("PHP).
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The tax (expense) benefit on the net activity related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Derivative instruments $ (12) $ 50 $ 3
Pension benefit plans - net (35) 60 (68)
Other benefit plans - net (8) (9) (56)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments - - -
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss) items $ (55) $ 101 $ (121)
A summary of the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is provided as follows:
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Derivative Instruments1:
$ 65 $ (8) $ (63)
Tax (benefit) expense2
(21) (4) 8
After-tax $ 44 $ (12) $ (55)
Amortization of pension benefit plans:
Prior service (benefit) cost3,4
$ (4) $ (3) $ (3)
Actuarial (gains) losses3,4
1 - 3
Settlement (gain) loss3,4
2 - 25
Total before tax $ (1) $ (3) $ 25
Tax (benefit) expense2
1 1 (5)
After-tax $ - $ (2) $ 20
Amortization of other benefit plans:
Prior service (benefit) cost3,4
$ (1) $ (2) $ (1)
Actuarial (gains) losses3,4
(13) (10) 2
Total before tax $ (14) $ (12) $ 1
Tax (benefit) expense2
4 3 -
After-tax $ (10) $ (9) $ 1
Unrealized (gain) loss on investments4
$ - $ - $ -
Tax (benefit) expense2
- - -
After-tax
$ - $ - $ -
Total reclassifications for the period, after-tax $ 34 $ (23) $ (34)
1.Reflected in cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
2.Reflected in provision for (benefit from) income taxes from continuing operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
3.These accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit (credit) cost of the company's pension and other benefit plans. See Note 18 - Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefits, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
4.Reflected in other income (expense) - net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
NOTE 18 - PENSION PLANS AND OTHER POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
The company offers various long-term benefits to its employees. Where permitted by applicable law, the company reserves the right to change, modify or discontinue the plans.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The company has both funded and unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering employees in the U.S. and non-U.S. countries. The principal U.S. pension plan is the largest pension plan held by Corteva. Effective January 1, 2007, most new hires were no longer eligible to participate in the U.S. defined benefit pension plans. On November 30, 2018, the company froze the pay and service amounts used to calculate the pension benefits for active employees who participate in the pension plan. As a result, no participants are currently accruing additional benefits in the pension plan.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The company's funding policy is consistent with the funding requirements of federal laws and regulations. Pension coverage for employees of the company's non-U.S. consolidated subsidiaries is provided, to the extent deemed appropriate, through separate plans. Obligations under such plans are funded by depositing funds with trustees, covered by insurance contracts, or remain unfunded.
The company made total contributions of $50 million, $52 million, and $60 million to its pension plans other than the principal U.S. pension plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Corteva expects to contribute approximately $40 million to its pension plans other than the principal U.S. pension plan in 2025. The company does not anticipate making contributions to its principal U.S. pension plan in 2025.
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine pension plan obligations for all pension plans are summarized in the table below:
Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Discount rate
5.59 % 4.97 %
Rate of increase in future compensation levels1
2.87 % 2.87 %
1.The rate of compensation increase excludes U.S. pension plans since the employees who participate in the U.S. pension plans no longer accrue additional benefits for future service and eligible compensation.
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs for all pension plans are summarized in the table below:
Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Discount rate
4.97 % 5.17 % 3.33 %
Rate of increase in future compensation levels1
2.87 % 2.83 % 2.55 %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
4.57 % 4.55 % 4.51 %
1.The rate of compensation increase excludes U.S. pension plans since the employees who participate in the U.S. pension plans no longer accrue additional benefits for future service and eligible compensation.
Other Post-Employment Benefits
The company has historically provided medical, dental and life insurance benefits to certain pensioners and survivors. The majority of U.S. employees hired on or after January 1, 2007, and eligible employees under the age of 50 as of November 30, 2018, are not eligible to participate in the post-employment medical, dental and life insurance plans. Substantially all of the cost and liabilities for these retiree benefit plans are attributable to the U.S. benefit plans. The non-Medicare eligible retiree medical plan is contributory with costs shared between the company and pensioners and survivors. For Medicare eligible pensioners and survivors, Corteva provides a company-funded Health Reimbursement Arrangement ("HRA"). In December 2020, the company amended its retiree medical, dental and life insurance plans to no longer provide retiree dental and life insurance benefits effective January 1, 2022 and to cap Corteva’s portion of the cost of non-Medicare retiree medical coverage to the level in effect as of December 31, 2021 ("2020 OPEB Plan Amendments"). As a result of these changes, the company recorded a $939 million decrease in other post-employment benefits ("OPEB") benefit obligations as of December 31, 2020 with a corresponding prior service benefit within other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2020. A substantial amount of the prior service benefit within other comprehensive income (loss) in 2020 was recognized in other income (expense) - net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during 2021 with the remainder recognized during 2022.
The company also provides disability benefits to employees. In most countries, employee disability benefit plans are insured. In the U.S., these plans are generally self-insured. Obligations and expenses for self-insured plans are reflected in the change in projected benefit obligations table on page.
The company's OPEB plans are unfunded and the cost of the approved claims is paid from operating cash flows. Pre-tax cash requirements to cover actual net claims costs and related administrative expenses were $101 million, $97 million, and $122 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Changes in cash requirements reflect the net impact of per capita health care costs, demographic changes, plan amendments and changes in participant premiums, co-payments and deductibles. In 2025, the company expects to contribute approximately $105 million for its OPEB plans.
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for OPEB plans are summarized in the table below:
Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Discount rate
5.50 % 4.92 %
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs for the OPEB plans are summarized in the table below:
Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Discount rate 4.92 % 5.09 % 2.59 %
As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, health care cost trend rates do not impact the benefit obligations for the OPEB plans because of the 2020 OPEB Plan Amendments.
Assumptions
For the U.S. plan, the company determines the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets by performing a detailed analysis of key economic and market factors driving historical returns for each asset class and formulating a projected return based on factors in the current environment. Factors considered include, but are not limited to, inflation, real economic growth, interest rate yield, interest rate spreads, and other valuation measures and market metrics. The expected long-term rate of return for each asset class is then weighted based on the strategic asset allocation approved by the governing body for the plan. The company's historical experience with the pension fund asset performance is also considered. For non-U.S. plans, assumptions reflect economic assumptions applicable to each country.
In the U.S., Corteva calculates service costs and interest costs by applying individual spot rates from a yield curve (based on high-quality corporate bond yields) to the separate expected cash flows components of service cost and interest cost. Service cost and interest cost for all other plans are determined based on the single equivalent discount rates derived in determining those plan obligations.
For U.S. benefit plans, the discount rates utilized to measure the pension and other post-employment benefit obligations are based on the yield of high-quality corporate fixed income investments at the measurement date. Future expected actuarially determined cash flows are individually discounted at the spot rates under the Aon AA_Above Median yield curve (based on high-quality corporate bond yields) to arrive at the plan’s obligations as of the measurement date. For non-U.S. benefit plans, historically the company utilized prevailing long-term high quality corporate bond indices to determine the discount rate, applicable to each country, at the measurement date.
The company adopts the most recently published mortality tables and mortality improvement scale released by the Society of Actuaries in measuring its U.S. pension and other post-employment benefit obligations. The effect of these adoptions is amortized into net periodic benefit cost for the years following the adoption.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Summarized information on the company's pension and other post-employment benefit plans is as follows:
Change in Projected Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status
Defined Benefit Pension Plans Other Post-Employment Benefits
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31, For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2024 2023
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligation at beginning of the period $ 13,440 $ 13,982 $ 925 $ 1,021
Service cost 16 18 - 1
Interest cost 648 690 42 49
Plan participants' contributions 2 1 18 20
Actuarial (gain) loss (580) 311 (51) (49)
Benefits paid (1,241) (1,304) (120) (117)
Plan amendments - - (1) -
Other1
- (257) - -
Effect of foreign exchange rates (63) (1) (1) -
Benefit obligations at end of the period $ 12,222 $ 13,440 $ 812 $ 925
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the period $ 11,755 $ 12,584 $ - $ -
Actual return on plan assets 116 661 - -
Employer contributions 50 52 101 97
Plan participants' contributions 2 1 18 20
Benefits paid (1,241) (1,304) (120) (117)
Other1
- (257) - -
Effect of foreign exchange rates (52) 18 1 -
Fair value of plan assets at end of the period $ 10,630 $ 11,755 $ - $ -
Funded status
U.S. plan with plan assets $ (1,268) $ (1,336) $ - $ -
Non-U.S. plans with plan assets (41) (43) - -
All other plans 2,3
(283) (306) (812) (925)
Funded status at end of the period $ (1,592) $ (1,685) $ (812) $ (925)
1.Primarily relates to transfers of certain benefit obligations and related assets associated with the principal U.S. pension plan to an insurance company through the purchase of nonparticipating group annuity contracts.
2.As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $131 million and $155 million, respectively, of the benefit obligations are supported by funding under the Trust agreement, defined in the "Trust Assets" section below.
3.Includes pension plans maintained around the world where funding is not customary.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans Other Post-Employment Benefits
December 31, December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Other assets $ 2 $ 2 $ - $ -
Accrued and other current liabilities (32) (31) (103) (114)
Pension and other post-employment benefits (1,562) (1,656) (709) (811)
Net amount recognized $ (1,592) $ (1,685) $ (812) $ (925)
Pretax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Net gain (loss) $ (320) $ (487) $ 276 $ 238
Prior service benefit (cost) 17 22 14 14
Pretax balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of year $ (303) $ (465) $ 290 $ 252
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The gain related to the change in pension and OPEB plan benefit obligations for the period ended December 31, 2024 is primarily due to the increase in the discount rate.
The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension plans was $12.2 billion and $13.4 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Pension Plans with Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Projected benefit obligations $ 12,094 $ 13,262
Fair value of plan assets $ 10,500 $ 11,575
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Accumulated benefit obligations $ 11,995 $ 13,155
Fair value of plan assets $ 10,414 $ 11,488
(In millions) Defined Benefit Pension Plans Other Post-Employment Benefits
For the Year Ended December 31, For the Year Ended December 31,
Components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost and amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022
Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost:
Service cost $ 16 $ 18 $ 20 $ - $ 1 $ 1
Interest cost 648 690 505 42 49 26
Expected return on plan assets (531) (605) (720) - - -
Amortization of unrecognized loss (gain) 1 - 3 (13) (10) 2
Amortization of prior service (benefit) cost (4) (3) (3) (1) (2) (1)
Curtailment (gain) loss - - - - - -
Settlement loss 2 - 25 - - -
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost - Total $ 132 $ 100 $ (170) $ 28 $ 38 $ 28
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Net gain (loss) $ 164 $ (255) $ 274 $ 51 $ 49 $ 246
Amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss 1 - 3 (13) (10) 2
Prior service benefit (cost) - - - 1 - -
Amortization of prior service (benefit) cost (4) (3) (3) (1) (2) (1)
Curtailment (gain) loss - - - - - -
Settlement loss 2 - 25 - - -
Effect of foreign exchange rates (1) 8 2 - 1 -
Total benefit (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to Corteva $ 162 $ (250) $ 301 $ 38 $ 38 $ 247
Total recognized in net periodic benefit (credit) cost and other comprehensive income (loss) $ 30 $ (350) $ 471 $ 10 $ - $ 219
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
The estimated future benefit payments, reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, are presented in the following table:
Estimated Future Benefit Payments at December 31, 2024 Defined Benefit Pension Plans Other Post-Employment Benefits
(In millions)
2025 $ 1,224 $ 103
2026 1,186 97
2027 1,150 91
2028 1,116 85
2029 1,078 79
Years 2030-2034 4,806 314
Total $ 10,560 $ 769
Plan Assets
All pension plan assets in the U.S. are invested through a single master trust fund. The general principles guiding U.S. pension asset investment policies are those embodied in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"). These principles include discharging Corteva's investment responsibilities for the exclusive benefit of plan participants and in accordance with the "prudent expert" standard and other ERISA rules and regulations. Corteva establishes strategic asset allocation percentage targets and appropriate benchmarks for significant asset classes with the aim of achieving a prudent balance between return and risk. The strategic asset allocation for this trust fund is approved by the Pension Investment Committee. Strategic asset allocations in other countries are selected in accordance with the laws and practices of those countries. Where appropriate, asset liability studies are utilized in this process.
U.S. plan assets are managed by investment professionals employed by Corteva, and plan assets for non-U.S. plans are managed by professional investment firms unrelated to the company. Corteva's pension investment professionals have discretion to manage the assets within established asset allocation ranges approved by the Pension Investment Committee. Additionally, pension trust funds are permitted to enter into certain contractual arrangements generally described as "derivatives." Derivatives are primarily used to reduce specific market risks, hedge currency and adjust portfolio duration and asset allocation in a cost-effective manner.
The weighted-average target allocation for plan assets of the company's pension plans is summarized as follows:
Target Allocation for Plan Assets December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Asset Category
U.S. equity securities 9 % 9 %
Non-U.S. equity securities 5 5
Fixed income securities 67 64
Hedge funds - 2
Private market securities 12 11
Real estate 7 7
Cash and cash equivalents - 2
Total 100 % 100 %
U.S. equity investments are primarily large-cap companies. Non-U.S. equity securities include varying market capitalization levels. Fixed income securities include corporate-issued, government-issued and asset-backed securities of both U.S. and non-U.S. issuers. Corporate debt investments include a range of credit risk and industry diversification. U.S. fixed income investments are weighted heavier than non-U.S. fixed income securities. Other investments include cash and cash equivalents, hedge funds, real estate and private market securities such as interests in private equity and venture capital partnerships.
Fair value calculations may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, although the company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
For pension plan assets classified as Level 1 measurements (measured using quoted prices in active markets), total fair value is either the price of the most recent trade at the time of the market close or the official close price, as defined by the exchange on which the asset is most actively traded on the last trading day of the period, multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
For pension plan assets classified as Level 2 measurements, where the security is frequently traded in less active markets, fair value is based on the closing price at the end of the period; where the security is less frequently traded, fair value is based on the price a dealer would pay for the security or similar securities, adjusted for any terms specific to that asset or liability. Market inputs are obtained from well-established and recognized vendors of market data and subjected to tolerance and quality checks. For derivative assets and liabilities, standard industry models are used to calculate the fair value of the various financial instruments based on significant observable market inputs, such as foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, swap rates, interest rates and implied volatilities obtained from various market sources.
For pension plan assets classified as Level 3 measurements, total fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs including assumptions where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. Investment managers, fund managers, or investment contract issuers provide valuations of the investment on a monthly or quarterly basis. These valuations are reviewed for reasonableness based on applicable sector, benchmark and company performance. Adjustments to valuations are made where appropriate. Where available, audited financial statements are obtained and reviewed for the investments as support for the manager’s investment valuation.
The tables below present the fair values of the company's pension assets by level within the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
Basis of Fair Value Measurements Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
For the year ended December 31, 2024
(In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,030 $ 1,030 $ - $ -
U.S. equity securities 1
1,030 1,026 1 3
Non-U.S. equity securities 389 388 - 1
Debt - government-issued 1,628 - 1,628 -
Debt - corporate-issued 3,540 - 3,540 -
Debt - asset-backed 590 - 590 -
Hedge funds 5 - 2 3
Private market securities 3 - - 3
Real estate funds 101 - - 101
Other 51 - - 51
Subtotal $ 8,367 $ 2,444 $ 5,761 $ 162
Investments measured at net asset value
Debt - government issued 39
Debt - corporate-issued 3
U.S. equity securities 21
Non-U.S. equity securities 20
Hedge funds 11
Private market securities 1,810
Real estate funds 642
Total investments measured at net asset value $ 2,546
Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets
Pension trust receivables 2
Pension trust payables 3
(362)
Total $ 10,630
1.The Corteva pension plans directly held $132 million (approximately 1 percent of total plan assets) of Corteva, Inc. common stock at December 31, 2024.
2.Primarily receivables for investments securities sold.
3.Primarily payables for investment securities purchased.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
For the year ended December 31, 2023
(In millions) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,148 $ 1,148 $ - $ -
U.S. equity securities1
1,108 1,106 1 1
Non-U.S. equity securities 441 439 - 2
Debt - government-issued 1,601 - 1,601 -
Debt - corporate-issued 3,908 - 3,906 2
Debt - asset-backed 637 - 637 -
Hedge funds 5 - 2 3
Private market securities 6 - - 6
Real estate funds 52 - - 52
Other 55 - - 55
Subtotal $ 8,961 $ 2,693 $ 6,147 $ 121
Investments measured at net asset value
Debt - government issued $ 42
Debt - corporate-issued 3
U.S. equity securities 19
Non-U.S. equity securities 21
Hedge funds 143
Private market securities 1,928
Real estate funds 768
Total investments measured at net asset value $ 2,924
Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets
Pension trust receivables2
Pension trust payables3
(445)
Total $ 11,755
1.The Corteva pension plans directly held $204 million (approximately 2 percent of total plan assets) of Corteva, Inc. common stock at December 31, 2023.
2.Primarily receivables for investments securities sold.
3.Primarily payables for investment securities purchased.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of Level 3 pension plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Fair Value Measurement of
Level 3 Pension Plan Assets U.S. equity securities Non-U.S. equity securities Debt - corporate-issued Hedge funds Private market securities Real estate Other Total
(In millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023 $ 3 $ - $ - $ 3 $ 4 $ 132 $ 62 $ 204
Actual return on assets:
Relating to assets sold during the year ended December 31, 2023 (1) (9) - - - - - (10)
Relating to assets held at December 31, 2023 - 10 (5) - 2 (24) 4 (13)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net (1) 1 7 - - (35) (13) (41)
Transfers in or out of Level 3, net - - - - - (21) 2 (19)
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 1 $ 2 $ 2 $ 3 $ 6 $ 52 $ 55 $ 121
Actual return on assets:
Relating to assets sold during the year ended December 31, 2024 - 3 (14) - - - - (11)
Relating to assets held at December 31, 2024 2 - 14 - (3) (68) (2) (57)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net - (4) - - - 1 (2) (5)
Transfers in or out of Level 3, net - - (2) - - 116 - 114
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 3 $ 1 $ - $ 3 $ 3 $ 101 $ 51 $ 162
Trust Assets
EIDP entered into a trust agreement in 2013 (as amended and restated in 2017, "the Trust") that established and requires EIDP to fund the Trust for cash obligations under certain non-qualified benefit and deferred compensation plans upon a change in control event as defined in the Trust agreement. Under the Trust agreement, the consummation of the Merger was a change in control event and resulted in a contribution to the Trust by EIDP. Additionally, the Separation resulted in Corteva transferring a portion of the balance of the Trust to DuPont at the Separation date. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, $48 million and $47 million, respectively, was distributed by EIDP according to the Trust agreement, and at December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance in the Trust was $176 million and $214 million, respectively. The Trust Assets are classified as current restricted cash equivalents and included within other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 7 - Supplementary Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information.
Defined Contribution Plans
Corteva provides defined contribution benefits to its employees. The most significant is the U.S. Retirement Savings Plan ("the Plan"), which covers almost all of the U.S. full-service employees. This Plan includes a non-leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP"). Employees are not required to participate in the ESOP and those who do are free to diversify out of the ESOP. The purpose of the Plan is to provide retirement savings benefits for employees and to provide employees an opportunity to become stockholders of the company. The Plan is a tax qualified contributory profit sharing plan, with cash or deferred arrangement and any eligible employee of Corteva may participate. Currently, Corteva contributes 100 percent of the first six percent of the employee's contribution election and also contributes three percent of each eligible employee's eligible compensation regardless of the employee's contribution.
Corteva's contributions to the Plan were $100 million, $101 million, and $97 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Corteva's matching contributions vest immediately upon contribution. The three percent nonmatching company contribution vests after employees complete three years of service. In addition, Corteva made contributions to other defined contribution plans of $46 million, $45 million, and $36 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
NOTE 19 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Prior to the Corteva Distribution, Corteva employees held equity awards, including stock options, share appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”), which were denominated in DowDuPont common stock and, in some cases, in Dow Inc. common stock, and which had originally been issued under the DuPont Equity and Incentive Plan ("EIP"), the Dow Chemical Company 2012 Stock Incentive Plan or the Dow Chemical Company 1988 Award and Option Plan.
As discussed in Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, on April 1, 2019 the company entered into an employee matters agreement (the "EMA") with DuPont and Dow that identifies employees and employee-related liabilities (and attributable assets) to be allocated (either retained, transferred and accepted, or assigned and assumed, as applicable) to the Parties as part of the Distributions and describes when and how the relevant transfers and assignments will occur. With some exceptions, the EMA provides for the equitable adjustment of existing equity incentive compensation awards denominated in the common stock of DowDuPont to reflect the occurrence of the Distributions.
In connection with the Separation on June 1, 2019, outstanding DowDuPont-denominated stock options, SARs, RSU and PSU awards were converted into Corteva-denominated awards under the “Employer Method,” or into both DuPont-denominated awards and Corteva-denominated awards under the “Shareholder Method,” using a formula designed to preserve the intrinsic value of the awards immediately prior to and subsequent to the Corteva Separation. The awards have the same terms and conditions under the applicable plans and award agreements prior to the Separation transactions. The conversions of equity awards did not have a material impact to the company’s consolidated financial statements.
On June 1, 2019 (“Adoption Date”), in connection with the Separation, the Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "OIP") became effective. Under the OIP, the company may grant incentive awards, including stock options (both “incentive stock options” and nonqualified stock options), share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, other share-based awards and cash awards, to its and its subsidiaries’ eligible employees, non-employee directors, independent contractors and consultants following the Separation until the tenth anniversary of the Adoption Date, subject to an aggregate limit and annual individual limits. Under the OIP, the maximum number of shares reserved for the grant or settlement of awards is 20 million shares, excluding shares underlying certain exempt awards, such as the awards converted to Corteva-denominated awards pursuant to the Separation. At December 31, 2024, approximately 9 million shares were authorized for future grants under the OIP. The company generally satisfies stock option exercises and the vesting of RSUs and PSUs with newly issued shares of Corteva common stock, although RSU awards granted under Historical Dow plans in certain countries are settled in cash.
The compensation committee determines the long-term incentive mix, including stock options, RSUs and PSUs and may authorize new grants annually. The company estimates expected forfeitures.
The total stock-based compensation cost included in income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes within the Consolidated Statement of Operations was $64 million, $54 million, and $55 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The income tax benefits related to stock-based compensation arrangements were $(12) million, $(10) million, and $(10) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Stock Options
The exercise price of shares subject to option is equal to the market price of the company's common stock on the date of grant. All options vest serially over a period of three years. Stock option awards granted under the OIP between June 2019 and 2023 expire 10 years after the grant date. Stock option awards granted under the EIP (previous plan) between 2016 and May 2019 expire 10 years after the grant date.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
To measure the fair value of the awards on the date of grant, the company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the assumptions set forth in the below table. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $18.80, $21.42 and $14.12, respectively.
Weighted-Average Assumptions For the Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Dividend yield 1.18 % 0.96 % 1.09 %
Expected volatility 32.17 % 31.07 % 28.95 %
Risk-free interest rate 4.2 % 4.1 % 1.9 %
Expected life of stock options granted during period (years) 6.0 6.0 6.0
The company determined the dividend yield by dividing the annualized dividend on Corteva’s Common Stock by the option exercise price. A historical daily measurement of volatility is determined based on the expected life of the option granted. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the measurement of volatility is based on the average volatility of eight of Corteva's peer companies. Corteva's peer volatility is based on the historical volatility of each business respectively. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the yield on an outstanding U.S. Treasury note with a term equal to the expected life of the option granted. Expected life is determined by utilizing the simplified method for estimating expected term.
The following table summarizes stock option activity for year ended December 31, 2024:
Stock Options For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Number of Shares
(in thousands) Weighted Average Exercise Price (per share) Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2024 3,916 $ 41.61 4.99 $ 30,606
Granted 372 54.48
Exercised (987) 38.13
Forfeited/Expired (44) 54.41
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 3,257 $ 43.97 4.46 $ 43,761
Exercisable at December 31, 2024 2,592 $ 40.93 3.44 $ 42,025
The aggregate intrinsic values in the table above represent the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on the last trading day of the period ended December 31, 2024 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their in-the-money options at period end. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $20 million, $14 million, and $43 million, respectively. The company recognized tax benefits from options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 of $(4) million, $(3) million and $(8) million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, $7 million of total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related to nonvested stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of about 1.1 years.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Units
RSUs granted serially vest over 3 years. Upon vesting, these RSUs convert one-for-one to Corteva Common Stock. A retirement-eligible employee retains any granted awards upon retirement for one year provided the employee has rendered at least six months of service following the grant date. Additional RSUs are also granted periodically to key senior management employees. These RSUs generally vest over periods ranging from 3 years to 5 years. The fair value of all stock-settled RSUs is based upon the market price of the underlying common stock as of the grant date.
The company grants PSUs to senior leadership. In 2024, there were 355,728 PSUs granted. Vesting for PSUs granted in 2024, 2023, and 2022 is partially based on the realization of the Company’s improvement of its Return on Net Assets (“RONA”) and Operating Earnings Per Share ("EPS") during the Performance Period. Vesting for PSUs granted in 2021 is partially based on the realization of the Company’s improvement of its Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”) and Operating EPS during the Performance Period. Performance and payouts are determined independently for each metric. The actual award, delivered in Corteva Common Stock, can range from zero percent to 200 percent of the original grant. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the PSUs granted in 2024 of $54.49 was based upon the market price of the underlying common stock as of the grant date.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Nonvested awards of RSUs and PSUs are shown below.
RSUs and PSUs For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Number of Shares
(in thousands) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Nonvested at January 1, 2024 3,496 $ 53.05
Granted 1,679 54.56
Vested (1,252) 50.57
Forfeited (280) 49.64
Nonvested at December 31, 2024 3,643 $ 55.12
The total fair value of stock units vested for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $63 million, $58 million and $88 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock units granted for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $54.56, $62.22 and $51.99, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, $63 million of total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related to RSUs and PSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years.
NOTE 20 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company had $2,179 million and $1,746 million, respectively, of held-to-maturity securities (primarily time deposits and money market funds) classified as cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as these securities had maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase; $63 million and $98 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of held-to-maturity securities (primarily time deposits and foreign government bonds) classified as marketable securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as these securities had maturities of more than three months to less than one year at the time of purchase; and $55 million at December 31, 2023, of held-to-maturity securities (primarily foreign government bonds) classified as marketable securities and included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, as these securities had maturities of more than one year at the time of purchase. The company’s investments in held-to-maturity securities are held at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Additionally, at December 31, 2024, the company had $97 million of available-for-sale securities (primarily foreign government bonds) classified as other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as these securities had maturities of more than one year at the time of purchase. The company’s held-to-maturity securities relating to investments in foreign government bonds at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are discussed further in the “Debt Securities” section.
Derivative Instruments
Objectives and Strategies for Holding Derivative Instruments
In the ordinary course of business, the company enters into contractual arrangements (derivatives) to reduce its exposure to foreign currency and commodity price risks. The company has established a variety of derivative programs to be utilized for financial risk management. These programs reflect varying levels of exposure coverage and time horizons based on an assessment of risk.
Derivative programs have procedures and controls and are approved by the Corporate Financial Risk Management Committee, consistent with the company's financial risk management policies and guidelines. Derivative instruments used are forwards, options, futures and swaps. The company has not designated any non-derivatives as hedging instruments.
The company's financial risk management procedures also address counterparty credit approval, limits and routine exposure monitoring and reporting. The counterparties to these contractual arrangements are major financial institutions and major commodity exchanges, and multinational grain exporters. The company is exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The company utilizes collateral support annex agreements with certain counterparties to limit its exposure to credit losses. The company anticipates performance by counterparties to these contracts and therefore no material loss is expected. Market and counterparty credit risks associated with these instruments are regularly reported to management.
The aggregate notional amounts for the company's derivative instruments that are designated and not designated as hedging instruments was a net buy (sell) position of $(1,056) million and $(1,600) million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Foreign Currency Risk
The company's objective in managing exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign currency rate changes and to mitigate the exposure of certain investments in foreign subsidiaries against
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
changes in the Euro/USD exchange rate. Accordingly, the company enters into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of its existing foreign currency-denominated assets, liabilities, commitments, investments and cash flows.
The company uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset its net exposures, by currency, related to the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its operations. The primary business objective of this hedging program is to maintain an approximately balanced position in foreign currencies so that exchange gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes, after related tax effects, are minimized. The company also uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset a portion of the company's exposure to certain forecasted transactions as well as the translation of foreign currency-denominated earnings. The company also uses commodity contracts to offset risks associated with foreign currency devaluation in certain countries.
Commodity Price Risk
Commodity price risk management programs serve to reduce exposure to price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as corn and soybeans. The company enters into over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative commodity instruments to hedge the commodity price risk associated with agricultural commodity exposures.
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Commodity Contracts
The company enters into over-the-counter and exchange-traded derivative commodity instruments, including options, futures and swaps, to hedge the commodity price risk associated with agriculture commodity exposures.
While each risk management program has a different time maturity period, most programs currently do not extend beyond the next two years. Cash flow hedge results are reclassified into earnings during the same period in which the related exposure impacts earnings. Reclassifications are made sooner if it appears that a forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring.
The following table summarizes the after-tax effect of commodity contract cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Beginning balance $ (71) $ 55 $ 47
Additions and revaluations of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (29) (87) 102
Clearance of hedge results to earnings 51 (39) (94)
Ending balance $ (49) $ (71) $ 55
At December 31, 2024, an after-tax net loss of $45 million is expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings over the next twelve months.
Foreign Currency Contracts
The company enters into forward contracts to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with forecasted transactions within certain foreign subsidiaries.
While each risk management program has a different time maturity period, most programs currently do not extend beyond the next two years. Cash flow hedge results are reclassified into earnings during the same period in which the related exposure impacts earnings. Reclassifications are made sooner if it appears that a forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring.
The following table summarizes the after-tax effect of foreign currency cash flow hedges on accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss):
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Beginning balance $ 1 $ 10 $ 32
Additions and revaluations of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges 19 (36) (61)
Clearance of hedges results to earnings (7) 27 39
Ending balance $ 13 $ 1 $ 10
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
At December 31, 2024, an after-tax net gain of $13 million is expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings over the next twelve months.
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges
Foreign Currency Contracts
In May 2024, the company designated €500 million of forward contracts to exchange Euro as net investment hedges. An additional tranche of €500 million of forward contracts to exchange Euro were executed in July 2024 and also designated as net investment hedges. The purpose of these forward contracts is to mitigate foreign exchange exposure related to a portion of the company’s Euro net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in Euro/USD exchange rates. These hedges expired and were settled in December 2024. The company had previously designated €1.2 billion and €450 million of forward contracts to exchange Euro as net investment hedges, which expired and were settled in May 2024 and March 2023, respectively.
Prior to maturity, the company had elected to apply the spot method in testing for effectiveness of the hedging relationship.
Derivatives not Designated in Hedging Relationships
Foreign Currency Contracts
The company uses foreign exchange contracts to reduce its net exposure, by currency, related to foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of its operations so that exchange gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes are minimized. The netting of such exposures precludes the use of hedge accounting; however, the required revaluation of the forward contracts and the associated foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities intends to achieve a minimal earnings impact, after taxes. The company also uses foreign currency exchange contracts to offset a portion of the company’s exposure to the translation of certain foreign currency-denominated earnings so that gains and losses on the contracts offset changes in the USD value of the related foreign currency-denominated earnings over the relevant aggregate period.
Commodity Contracts
The company utilizes options, futures and swaps that are not designated as hedging instruments to reduce exposure to commodity price fluctuations on purchases of inventory such as corn and soybeans. The company uses commodity contracts to offset a portion of the company’s exposure to commodity price fluctuations so that gains and losses on the contracts offset changes in the commodity price over the relevant aggregate period. The company uses forward agreements, with durations less than one year, to buy and sell USD priced commodities in order to reduce its exposure to currency devaluation for a portion of its local currency cash balances. Counterparties to the forward sales agreements are multinational grain exporters and subject to the company’s financial risk management procedures.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
Asset and liability derivatives subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement with the same counterparty are presented on a net basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The presentation of the company's derivative assets and liabilities is as follows:
December 31, 2024
(In millions) Balance Sheet Location Gross Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting1
Net Amounts Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Asset derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Other current assets $ - $ - $ -
Commodity contracts Other current assets 8 - 8
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Other current assets 71 (45) 26
Commodity Contracts Other current assets 12 - 12
Total asset derivatives
$ 91 $ (45) $ 46
Liability derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Accrued and other current liabilities $ - $ - $ -
Commodity contracts Accrued and other current liabilities 2 - 2
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts
Accrued and other current liabilities 104 (45) 59
Commodity contracts Accrued and other current liabilities 5 - 5
Total liability derivatives
$ 111 $ (45) $ 66
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
December 31, 2023
(In millions) Balance Sheet Location Gross Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting1
Net Amounts Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Asset derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Other current assets $ - $ - $ -
Commodity contracts Other current assets 3 - 3
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Other current assets 83 (33) 50
Commodity contracts Other current assets 2 - 2
Total asset derivatives
$ 88 $ (33) $ 55
Liability derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Accrued and other current liabilities $ 23 $ - $ 23
Commodity contracts Accrued and other current liabilities 6 - 6
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts Accrued and other current liabilities 38 (33) 5
Commodity contracts Accrued and other current liabilities 8 - 8
Total liability derivatives
$ 75 $ (33) $ 42
1. Counterparty and cash collateral amounts represent the estimated net settlement amount when applying netting and set-off rights included in master netting arrangements between the company and its counterparties and the payable or receivable for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Effect of Derivative Instruments
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI1 - Pre-Tax
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Net investment hedges:
Foreign currency contracts $ 48 $ - $ 28
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency contracts 29 (54) (90)
Commodity contracts (59) (123) 130
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ 18 $ (177) $ 68
1.OCI is defined as other comprehensive income (loss).
(in millions) Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income - Pre-Tax1
For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency contracts2
$ 9 $ (41) $ (59)
Commodity contracts2
(74) 49 122
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
(65) 8 63
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts3
(130) (28) (12)
Foreign currency contracts2
23 (77) (6)
Commodity contracts2,4
(34) (20) (21)
Commodity contracts3
(2) 2 -
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
(143) (123) (39)
Total derivatives $ (208) $ (115) $ 24
1.For cash flow hedges, this represents the portion of the gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income during the period.
2.Recorded in cost of goods sold, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
3.Recognized in other income (expense) - net, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Note that the net loss from foreign currency contracts was partially offset by the related gain on the foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of the company's operations. See Note 7 - Supplementary Information, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
4.The net gain (loss) relating to commodity contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments that were recorded in cost of goods sold, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, are mostly offset by the related net gain (loss) on third-party grower contracts denominated as liabilities.
Debt Securities
The company’s debt securities include foreign government bonds classified as held-to-maturity securities at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2024. The company’s investments in held-to-maturity securities are held at amortized cost, which approximates fair value, and are held by certain foreign subsidiaries in which the USD is the functional currency. The company's investments in debt securities classified as held-to-maturity at December 31, 2024 with a contractual maturity within one year was $55 million.
The company’s investments in debt securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), within the Consolidated Statements of Equity, or current period earnings if an allowance for credit losses has been established, within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The debt securities classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2024 with a contractual maturity of one to five years had an amortized cost of $103 million, gross unrealized gains (losses) of $(6) million and a fair value of $97 million.
The estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2024 was determined using Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 measurements were based on the closing price at the end of the period quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
NOTE 21 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The table below summarizes the basis used to measure certain assets and liabilities relating to marketable securities and derivative assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis.
Significant Other Observable Inputs December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(In millions) Level 21
Level 21
Assets at fair value:
Marketable securities
$ 63 $ 98
Debt securities:
Foreign government bonds2
97 -
Derivatives relating to:3
Foreign currency
71 83
Commodity Contracts 20 5
Total assets at fair value $ 251 $ 186
Liabilities at fair value:
Derivatives relating to:3
Foreign currency
$ 104 $ 61
Commodity contracts 7 14
Total liabilities at fair value $ 111 $ 75
1.Reflects significant other observable inputs.
2.Represents the company's investments in debt securities that are classified as available-for-sale, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
3.See Note 20 - Financial Instruments, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for the classification of derivatives in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For assets and liabilities classified as Level 1 measurements (measured using quoted prices in active markets), total fair value is either the price of the most recent trade at the time of the market close or the official close price, as defined by the exchange on which the asset is most actively traded on the last trading day of the period, multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs.
For assets and liabilities classified as Level 2 measurements, where the security is frequently traded in less active markets, fair value is based on the closing price at the end of the period; where the security is less frequently traded, fair value is based on the price a dealer would pay for the security or similar securities, adjusted for any terms specific to that asset or liability, or by using observable market data points of similar, more liquid securities to imply the price. For time deposits classified as held-to-maturity investments and reported at amortized cost, fair value is based on an observable interest rate for similar securities. Market inputs are obtained from well-established and recognized vendors of market data and subjected to tolerance and quality checks.
For derivative assets and liabilities, standard industry models are used to calculate the fair value of the various financial instruments based on significant observable market inputs, such as foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, swap rates and implied volatilities obtained from various market sources. Market inputs are obtained from well-established and recognized vendors of market data and subjected to tolerance/quality checks.
For all other assets and liabilities for which observable inputs are used, fair value is derived through the use of fair value models, such as a discounted cash flow model or other standard pricing models. See Note 20 - Financial Instruments, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information on the types of instruments used by the company for risk management.
There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
For assets classified as Level 3 measurements, the fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs including assumptions where there is little, if any, market activity. The fair value of the company’s interests held in trade receivable conduits is determined by calculating the expected amount of cash to be received using the key input of anticipated credit losses in the portfolio of receivables sold that have not yet been collected. Given the short-term nature of the underlying receivables, discount rate and prepayments are not factors in determining the fair value of the interests.
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis
As part of the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program, the company plans to exit its production activities at its site in Pittsburg, California, as well as cease operations in select manufacturing lines at other locations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the company recognized a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $152 million to restructuring and asset related charges - net, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, consisting of a charge of $92 million and $60 million relating to operating lease assets and property, plant and equipment, respectively, which were classified as Level 3 measurements using unobservable inputs.
See Note 6 - Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
NOTE 22 - GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Sales are attributed to geographic areas based on customer location; long-lived assets are attributed to geographic areas based on asset location.
Net Sales
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
United States $ 7,866 $ 7,783 $ 7,553
Canada 794 807 741
EMEA 3,124 3,367 3,256
Latin America1
3,776 3,906 4,445
Asia Pacific 1,348 1,363 1,460
Total $ 16,908 $ 17,226 $ 17,455
1.Net sales for Brazil for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $2,618 million, $2,523 million and $3,137 million, respectively.
Net Property
As of December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
United States $ 2,878 $ 2,922 $ 2,992
Canada 101 119 116
EMEA 522 548 538
Latin America 514 608 506
Asia Pacific 84 90 102
Total $ 4,099 $ 4,287 $ 4,254
NOTE 23 - SEGMENT INFORMATION
Corteva’s reportable segments reflect the manner in which its chief operating decision maker ("CODM") allocates resources and assesses performance, which is at the operating segment level (Seed and Crop Protection). The company's CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. The primary measure used by Corteva's CODM for purposes of allocating resources to the segments and assessing segment performance is segment operating EBITDA.
Segment operating EBITDA is primarily utilized in the annual planning and monthly forecasting processes. On a monthly basis, the CODM considers variances between comparable prior year actual results and current year actual or forecasted results when evaluating the company's success in delivering its innovative proprietary technology to farmers and monitoring of expected savings from cost and productivity actions. The CODM also utilizes segment operating EBITDA when evaluating the impacts of market-driven trends on segment performance, such as input costs and inflationary and currency impacts.
The company defines segment operating EBITDA as earnings (loss) (i.e., income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes) before interest, depreciation, amortization, corporate expenses, non-operating (benefits) costs, foreign exchange gains (losses), and net unrealized gain or loss from mark-to-market activity for certain foreign currency derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting, excluding the impact of significant items. Non-operating (benefits) costs consists of non-operating pension and other post-employment benefit (OPEB) credits (costs), tax indemnification adjustments and environmental remediation and legal costs associated with legacy businesses and sites. Tax indemnification adjustments relate
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
to changes in indemnification balances, as a result of the application of the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement, between Corteva and Dow and/or DuPont that are recorded by the company as pre-tax income or expense. Net unrealized gain or loss from mark-to-market activity for certain foreign currency derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting represents the non-cash net gain (loss) from changes in fair value of certain undesignated foreign currency derivative contracts. Upon settlement, which is within the same calendar year of execution of the contract, the realized gain (loss) from the changes in fair value of the non-qualified foreign currency derivative contracts will be reported in the respective segment results to reflect the economic effects of the foreign currency derivative contracts without the resulting unrealized mark to fair value volatility.
Corporate Profile
The company conducts its global operations through the following reportable segments:
Seed
The company’s Seed segment is a global leader in developing and supplying advanced germplasm and traits that produce optimum yield for farms around the world. The segment is a leader in many of the company’s key seed markets, including North America corn and soybeans, Europe corn and sunflower, as well as Brazil, India, South Africa and Argentina corn. The segment offers trait technologies that improve resistance to weather, disease, insects and enhance food and nutritional characteristics, herbicides used to control weeds, and digital solutions that assist farmer decision-making to help maximize yield and profitability.
Crop Protection
The Crop Protection segment serves the global agricultural input industry with products that protect against weeds, insects and other pests, and disease, and that improve overall crop health both above and below ground via nitrogen management and seed-applied technologies. The segment offers crop protection solutions and digital solutions that provide farmers the tools they need to improve productivity and profitability, and help keep fields free of weeds, insects and diseases. The segment is a leader in global herbicides, insecticides, nitrogen stabilizers, pasture and range management herbicides and biologicals.
(In millions)
Seed Crop Protection Total
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Net sales $ 9,545 $ 7,363 $ 16,908
Segment operating EBITDA 2,219 1,272 3,491
Depreciation and amortization 805 422 1,227
Segment assets 21,246 14,241 35,487
Investments in nonconsolidated affiliates 57 77 134
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 365 232 597
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net sales $ 9,472 $ 7,754 $ 17,226
Segment operating EBITDA 2,117 1,374 3,491
Depreciation and amortization 814 397 1,211
Segment assets 22,732 15,004 37,736
Investments in nonconsolidated affiliates 39 76 115
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 332 263 595
As of and for the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Net sales $ 8,979 $ 8,476 $ 17,455
Segment operating EBITDA 1,656 1,684 3,340
Depreciation and amortization 839 384 1,223
Segment assets 22,952 14,097 37,049
Investments in nonconsolidated affiliates 35 67 102
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 225 380 605
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Reconciliation of Segment Profitability
(In millions) Seed Crop Protection Total
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Net sales $ 9,545 $ 7,363 $ 16,908
Cost of goods sold 4,876 4,636 9,512
Other expenses1
2,450 1,455 3,905
Segment operating EBITDA $ 2,219 $ 1,272 $ 3,491
(In millions) Seed Crop Protection Total
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net sales $ 9,472 $ 7,754 $ 17,226
Cost of goods sold 4,982 4,913 9,895
Other expenses1
2,373 1,467 3,840
Segment operating EBITDA $ 2,117 $ 1,374 $ 3,491
(In millions) Seed Crop Protection Total
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Net sales $ 8,979 $ 8,476 $ 17,455
Cost of goods sold 4,898 5,454 10,352
Other expenses1
2,425 1,338 3,763
Segment operating EBITDA $ 1,656 $ 1,684 $ 3,340
1.Other expenses consisted primarily of selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expense, net of depreciation add-back.
Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes to segment operating EBITDA For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes $ 863 $ 941 $ 1,216
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations 412 152 210
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,275 $ 1,093 $ 1,426
Depreciation and amortization 1,227 1,211 1,223
Interest income (132) (283) (124)
Interest expense 233 233 79
Exchange (gains) losses - net 284 397 229
Non-operating (benefits) costs - net 174 151 (111)
Mark-to-market (gains) losses on certain foreign currency contracts not designated as hedges - - -
Significant items 315 579 502
Corporate expenses 115 110 116
Segment operating EBITDA $ 3,491 $ 3,491 $ 3,340
Segment assets to total assets (in millions)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Total segment assets $ 35,487 $ 37,736
Corporate assets 5,338 5,260
Total assets $ 40,825 $ 42,996
Corteva, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Significant Pre-tax (Charges) Benefits Not Included in Segment Operating EBITDA
The years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, included the following significant pre-tax (charges) benefits which are excluded from segment operating EBITDA:
(In millions) Seed Crop Protection Corporate Total
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Restructuring and asset related charges - net1
$ (55) $ (142) $ (91) $ (288)
Estimated settlement expense2
- (101) - (101)
Inventory write-offs3
2 - - 2
Gain (loss) on sale of business, assets and equity investments3
4 3 - 7
Acquisition-related costs6
- (6) - (6)
Insurance proceeds7
- 71 - 71
Total $ (49) $ (175) $ (91) $ (315)
(In millions) Seed Crop Protection Corporate Total
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Restructuring and asset related charges - net1
$ (86) $ (228) $ (22) $ (336)
Estimated settlement expense2
- (204) - (204)
Inventory write-offs3
(7) - - (7)
Spare parts write-off4
- (12) - (12)
Gain (loss) on sale of business, assets and equity investments3
4 10 - 14
Employee Retention Credit - 3 - 3
AltEn facility remediation charges (10) - - (10)
Seed sale associated with Russia Exit3,5
18 - - 18
Acquisition-related costs6
- (45) - (45)
Total $ (81) $ (476) $ (22) $ (579)
(In millions) Seed Crop Protection Corporate Total
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Restructuring and asset related charges - net1
$ (228) $ (37) $ (98) $ (363)
Estimated settlement expense2
- (87) - (87)
Inventory write-offs3
(33) - - (33)
Gain (loss) on sale of business, assets and equity investments3
(5) 15 - 10
Settlement costs associated with Russia Exit3
(8) - - (8)
Employee Retention Credit 6 3 - 9
AltEn facility remediation charges (33) - - (33)
Seed sale associated with Russia Exit3,5
3 - - 3
Total $ (298) $ (106) $ (98) $ (502)
1.Includes restructuring plans and asset related charges as well as accelerated prepaid amortization expense. See Note 6 - Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
2.Consists of estimated Lorsban® related charges.
3.Incremental gains (losses) associated with activities related to the 2022 Restructuring Actions.
4.Incremental loss associated with activities related to the Crop Protection Operations Strategy Restructuring Program.
5.Includes a benefit of $18 million and $3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, relating to the sale of seeds already under production in Russia when the decision to exit the country was made and that the Company was contractually required to purchase. It consists of $71 million and $8 million of net sales and $53 million and $5 million of cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
6.Relates to acquisition-related costs, including transaction and third-party integration costs associated with the completed acquisitions of Stoller and Symborg as well as the recognition of the inventory fair value step-up. See Note 4 - Business Combinations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
7.Includes proceeds received related to prior significant items.
Explanatory Note
During management’s review of the financial results for the fourth quarter of 2024, a material misclassification in the EIDP, Inc. Statements of Cash Flows was identified. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023, and continuing into each of the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, and September 30, 2024 (collectively, the “Affected Periods”), cash outflows covering intercompany activities with Corteva, Inc., EIDP’s parent company (“Parent”), were incorrectly reflected within “Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations” rather than “Cash provided by (used for) investing and financing activities.” There was no impact to EIDP’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) or Consolidated Statements of Equity in any of the Affected Periods noted above. The impacts are discussed in further detail in EIDP Note 1 - Basis of Presentation, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements. Management of EIDP has also reassessed its internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures and determined that they were not effective as of December 31, 2023 and continue to be ineffective at December 31, 2024 as a result of a material weakness related to the lack of design and maintenance of effective controls to evaluate the appropriate cash flow classification for intercompany transactions between EIDP and Corteva, Inc., as further described in Part II, Item 9A - Controls and Procedures, and Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
EIDP, Inc.
Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Page(s)
Management's Reports on Responsibility for Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management's Reports on Responsibility for Financial Statements and
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management's Report on Responsibility for Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the Consolidated Financial Statements and the other financial information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and are considered by management to present fairly EIDP's financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The financial statements include some amounts that are based on management's best estimates and judgments. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been audited by EIDP's independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The purpose of their audit is to express an opinion as to whether the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, EIDP's financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. Their report is presented on the following pages.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. EIDP's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. EIDP's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
i.pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of EIDP;
ii.provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of EIDP are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors of EIDP; and
iii.provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisitions, use or disposition of EIDP's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting has certain inherent limitations which may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, changes in conditions and business practices may cause variation in the effectiveness of internal controls.
Management assessed the effectiveness of EIDP's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment and those criteria, management concluded that EIDP did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, due to the material weakness described below.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Management identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as EIDP did not design and maintain effective controls to evaluate the appropriate classification of the cash flows related to intercompany transactions between EIDP and Corteva. This material weakness resulted in the restatement of EIDP’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, as well as a material misclassification of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, and September 30, 2024. Additionally, if not remediated, this material weakness could result in misstatements of the aforementioned cash flow statements or related disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of EIDP's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, as stated in their report, which is presented on the following pages.
Remediation Plan
To remediate the material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting related to the classification of intercompany transactions between EIDP and Corteva in EIDP’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, EIDP will be introducing enhancements to the design of its disclosure controls and procedures as they relate to the presentation of intercompany activity
between EIDP and Corteva within the EIDP Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. These enhancements to its internal control over financial reporting will include: (i) improving the existing process design to generate the statement of cash flows, including the identification of relevant control points to validate the output from the process is complete and accurate, and (ii) formal assessments of the EIDP financial reporting implications of any future intercompany arrangements between EIDP and Corteva.
While EIDP anticipates that these enhancements will remediate the material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting, EIDP will not be able to conclude whether such efforts have been successful until an adequate period of time has passed to enable management to test the design and operational effectiveness of the enhanced controls. As we continue to evaluate and work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may take additional measures to address the material weakness or modify certain of the planned remediation measures.
Charles V. Magro
Chief Executive Officer and Director David P. Johnson
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Director
February 14, 2025
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of EIDP, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of EIDP, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 appearing under Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO because a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting existed as of that date related to the Company not designing and maintaining effective controls to evaluate the appropriate classification of the cash flows related to intercompany transactions between EIDP and its parent, Corteva.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness referred to above is described in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2024 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has restated its 2023 financial statements to correct an error.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in management’s report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Revenue Recognition - Product Sales
As described in Notes 2 and 5 to the Corteva, Inc. consolidated financial statements, net sales were $16.908 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is derived from product sales. Revenue is recognized from product sales when the customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Control transfer occurs at a point in time according to shipping terms. The transaction price includes estimates of variable consideration, such as rights of return, rebates, and discounts, that are reductions in revenue. All estimates are based on the Company's historical experience, anticipated performance, and management’s best judgment at the time the estimate is made. Estimates of variable consideration included in the transaction price primarily utilize the expected value method based on historical experience. These estimates are reassessed each reporting period and are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur upon resolution of uncertainty associated with the variable consideration. The majority of contracts have a single performance obligation satisfied at a point in time and the transaction price is stated in the contract, usually as quantity times price per unit.
The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition for product sales is a critical audit matter is a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures related to the Company’s revenue recognition.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process. These procedures also included, among others (i) evaluating revenue transactions by testing, on a sample basis, the revenue recognized by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as purchase orders, invoices, shipment or delivery documents, and cash receipts, as applicable; (ii) testing, on a sample basis, the recognition of variable consideration for rebates issued and discounts granted during the year by obtaining and inspecting source documents, such as support for the nature of the variable consideration, amount, and agreement with the customer; and (iii) confirming, on a sample basis, outstanding customer invoice balances as of year-end, and, for confirmations not returned, obtaining and inspecting source documents, including invoices, shipment or delivery documents, and subsequent cash receipts, as applicable.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 14, 2025
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1946.
EIDP, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share amounts) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net sales $ 16,908 $ 17,226 $ 17,455
Cost of goods sold 9,529 9,920 10,436
Research and development expense 1,402 1,337 1,216
Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,196 3,176 3,173
Amortization of intangibles 685 683 702
Restructuring and asset related charges - net 288 336 363
Other income (expense) - net (261) (448) (60)
Interest expense 233 253 124
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,314 $ 1,073 $ 1,381
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations 421 147 199
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes $ 893 $ 926 $ 1,182
Income (loss) from discontinued operations after income taxes 56 (194) (58)
Net income (loss) $ 949 $ 732 $ 1,124
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 2 2 1
Net income (loss) attributable to EIDP, Inc.
$ 947 $ 730 $ 1,123
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
EIDP, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net income (loss) $ 949 $ 732 $ 1,124
Other comprehensive income (loss) - net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustments (1,014) 425 (340)
Adjustments to pension benefit plans 127 (190) 233
Adjustments to other benefit plans 30 29 191
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments (6) - -
Derivative instruments 71 (135) 8
Total other comprehensive income (loss) (792) 129 92
Comprehensive income (loss) 157 861 1,216
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests - net of tax 2 2 1
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to EIDP, Inc.
$ 155 $ 859 $ 1,215
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
EIDP, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share and per share amounts) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,106 $ 2,644
Marketable securities 63 98
Accounts and notes receivable - net 5,676 5,488
Inventories 5,432 6,899
Other current assets 820 1,131
Total current assets $ 15,097 $ 16,260
Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates 134 115
Property, plant and equipment 9,074 8,956
Less: Accumulated depreciation 4,975 4,669
Net property, plant and equipment 4,099 4,287
Goodwill 10,408 10,605
Other intangible assets 8,876 9,626
Deferred income taxes 401 584
Other assets 1,810 1,896
Total Assets $ 40,825 $ 43,373
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings and finance lease obligations $ 750 $ 198
Accounts payable 4,039 4,280
Income taxes payable 207 174
Deferred revenue 3,287 3,406
Accrued and other current liabilities 2,096 2,347
Total current liabilities $ 10,379 $ 10,405
Long-term debt 1,953 2,291
Other noncurrent liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities 478 899
Pension and other post-employment benefits 2,271 2,467
Other noncurrent obligations 1,707 1,651
Total noncurrent liabilities $ 6,409 $ 7,308
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, without par value - cumulative; 23,000,000 shares authorized;
issued at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
$4.50 Series - 1,673,000 shares (callable at $120)
169 169
$3.50 Series - 700,000 shares (callable at $102)
70 70
Common stock, $0.30 par value; 1,800,000,000 shares authorized; 200
issued at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
- -
Additional paid-in capital 24,464 24,349
Due from Parent (129) -
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 2,930 3,747
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (3,469) (2,677)
Total EIDP, Inc. stockholders’ equity $ 24,035 $ 25,658
Noncontrolling interests 2 2
Total equity $ 24,037 $ 25,660
Total Liabilities and Equity $ 40,825 $ 43,373
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
EIDP, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions) For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(Restated) 2022
Operating activities
Net income (loss) $ 949 $ 732 $ 1,124
(Income) loss from discontinued operations after income taxes (56) 194 58
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,227 1,211 1,223
Provision for (benefit from) deferred income tax (365) (438) (288)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (benefit) cost, net 160 138 (142)
Pension and OPEB contributions (151) (149) (182)
Net (gain) loss on sales of property, businesses, consolidated companies, and investments (17) (22) (18)
Restructuring and asset related charges - net 288 336 363
Other net loss 383 578 305
Changes in assets and liabilities, net
Accounts and notes receivable (705) 358 (993)
Inventories 1,110 57 (1,715)
Accounts payable (115) (663) 807
Deferred revenue (86) (11) 194
Other assets and liabilities (284) (553) 143
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations $ 2,338 $ 1,768 $ 879
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - discontinued operations (151) (40) (40)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities $ 2,187 $ 1,728 $ 839
Investing activities
Capital expenditures $ (597) $ (595) $ (605)
Net advances to Parent on in-house banking arrangement 361 (20) -
Proceeds from sales of property, businesses, and consolidated companies - net of cash divested 5 57 73
Acquisitions of businesses - net of cash acquired - (1,456) -
Escrow funding associated with acquisitions - - (36)
Investments in and loans to nonconsolidated affiliates (7) (32) (12)
Purchases of investments (144) (148) (344)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments 130 147 295
Proceeds from settlement of net investment hedge 63 42 -
Other investing activities, net (39) (2) (3)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities $ (228) $ (2,007) $ (632)
Financing activities
Net change in borrowings (less than 90 days) $ 53 $ (6) $ (13)
Net advances to Parent on in-house banking arrangement (129) - -
Proceeds from related party debt - - 48
Payments on related party debt - (1,129) (1,422)
Proceeds from debt 3,072 3,429 1,358
Payments on debt (2,885) (2,309) (1,140)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 60 31 88
Dividends paid to Parent (1,750) - -
Other financing activities, net (23) (54) (66)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities $ (1,602) $ (38) $ (1,147)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents (93) (143) (278)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents 264 (460) (1,218)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period 3,158 3,618 4,836
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at end of period $ 3,422 $ 3,158 $ 3,618
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for
Interest, net of amounts capitalized1
$ 244 $ 234 $ 75
Income taxes $ 707 $ 535 $ 467
1.Reflects interest, net of amounts capitalized, paid to external parties. For information associated with interest paid on related party debt refer to EIDP Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements.
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
EIDP, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In millions) Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Due from Parent Retained Earnings (Accum. Deficit) Accumulated Other Comp. Income (Loss) Non-Controlling Interests Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022 $ 239 $ - $ 24,196 $ - $ 1,922 $ (2,898) $ - $ 23,459
Net income (loss) 1,123 1 1,124
Other comprehensive income (loss) 92 92
Share-based compensation 12 (2) 10
Preferred dividends ($4.50 Series - $4.50 per share, $3.50 Series - $3.50 per share)
(10) (10)
Issuance of Corteva Stock 88 88
Other - net (12) (2) (14)
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 239 $ - $ 24,284 $ - $ 3,031 $ (2,806) $ 1 $ 24,749
Net income (loss) 730 2 732
Other comprehensive income (loss) 129 129
Share-based compensation 28 (2) 26
Preferred dividends ($4.50 Series - $4.50 per share, $3.50 Series - $3.50 per share)
(10) (10)
Issuance of Corteva Stock 40 40
Other - net (3) (2) (1) (6)
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 239 $ - $ 24,349 $ - $ 3,747 $ (2,677) $ 2 $ 25,660
Net income (loss) 947 2 949
Other comprehensive income (loss) (792) (792)
Due from Parent (129) (129)
Share-based compensation 47 (2) 45
Preferred dividends ($4.50 Series - $4.50 per share, $3.50 Series - $3.50 per share)
(10) (10)
Issuance of Corteva Stock 60 60
Dividend to Parent (1,750) (1,750)
Other - net 8 (2) (2) 4
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 239 $ - $ 24,464 $ (129) $ 2,930 $ (3,469) $ 2 $ 24,037
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page.
EIDP, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Note Page
Basis of Presentation
Related Party Transactions
Income Taxes
Segment Information
5 Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information
EIDP, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Corteva, Inc. owns 100% of the outstanding common stock of EIDP. EIDP is a subsidiary of Corteva, Inc. and continues to be a reporting company, subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act. The primary differences between Corteva, Inc. and EIDP are outlined below:
•Preferred Stock - EIDP has preferred stock outstanding to third parties which is accounted for as a noncontrolling interest at the Corteva, Inc. level. Each share of EIDP Preferred Stock - $4.50 Series and EIDP Preferred Stock - $3.50 Series issued and outstanding at the effective date of the Corteva Distribution remains issued and outstanding as to EIDP and was unaffected by the Corteva Distribution.
•Related Party Loan - EIDP engaged in a series of debt redemptions during the second quarter of 2019 that were partially funded through an intercompany loan from Corteva, Inc. This was eliminated in consolidation at the Corteva, Inc. level but remained on EIDP's consolidated financial statements at the standalone level (including the associated interest) through its repayment date in the fourth quarter of 2023.
•Master In-House Banking Agreement - A Master In-House Banking Agreement exists to which EIDP is a party, along with Corteva and certain consolidated subsidiaries, as more fully described in Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements. Through the third quarter of 2024, EIDP earned interest on Corteva, Inc.’s borrowings under the Master In-House Banking Agreement; however, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2024 no interest has been recognized by EIDP and the amount due from Corteva, Inc. is classified within equity of EIDP due to a change in repayment intent related to the arrangement. Such transactions are eliminated in consolidation at the Corteva, Inc. level.
•Capital Structure - At December 31, 2024, Corteva, Inc.'s capital structure consists of 685,595,000 issued shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.
The accompanying footnotes relate to EIDP only, and not to Corteva, Inc., and are presented to show differences between EIDP and Corteva, Inc.
For the footnotes listed below, refer to the following Corteva, Inc. footnotes:
•Note 1 - Background and Basis of Presentation - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 3 - Recent Accounting Guidance - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 4 - Business Combinations - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 5 - Revenue - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 6 - Restructuring and Asset Related Charges - Net - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 7 - Supplementary Information - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, EIDP earned interest on a related party loan receivable from Corteva, Inc. through the third quarter of 2024; refer to EIDP Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, below
•Note 8 - Income Taxes - Differences exist between Corteva, Inc. and EIDP; refer to EIDP Note 3 - Income Taxes, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, below
•Note 9 - Earnings Per Share of Common Stock - Not applicable for EIDP
•Note 10 - Accounts and Notes Receivable - Net - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 11 - Inventories - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 12 - Property, Plant and Equipment - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 13 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 14 - Leases - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 15 - Short-Term Borrowings, Long-Term Debt and Available Credit Facilities - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, EIDP had a related party loan payable to Corteva, Inc. which was repaid during the fourth quarter of 2023; refer to EIDP Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, below
•Note 16 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 17 - Stockholders' Equity - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 18 - Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefits - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
EIDP, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
•Note 19 - Stock-Based Compensation - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 20 - Financial Instruments - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 21 - Fair Value Measurements - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 22 - Geographic Information - refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements
•Note 23 - Segment Information - Differences exist between Corteva, Inc. and EIDP; refer to EIDP Note 4 - Segment Information, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, below
Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements
Background
As disclosed in EIDP Note 2 - Related Party Transactions, to the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, EIDP and Corteva, including certain consolidated subsidiaries, are party to a Master In-House Banking Agreement (“IHB Arrangement”). During management’s review of the financial results for the fourth quarter of 2024, a material misclassification in the EIDP, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows was identified. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023, and continuing into each of the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, and September 30, 2024, cash outflows covering intercompany activities with Corteva, Inc. under the IHB Arrangement were incorrectly reflected within “Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations” rather than “Cash provided by (used for) investing and financing activities.”
Based on management’s assessment of the materiality of these errors on prior period consolidated financial statements under the applicable guidance prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission, a conclusion was reached that the errors were material to previously issued interim and annual Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The impact of the restatements to the interim periods ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, and September 30, 2024 are presented in EIDP Note 5 - Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements. The restatement to the December 31, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is as follows:
Restated Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
(In millions) As Reported Adjustment As Restated
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations $ 1,408 $ 360 $ 1,768
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities $ 1,368 $ 360 $ 1,728
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities $ (1,987) $ (20) $ (2,007)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities $ 302 $ (340) $ (38)
NOTE 2 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions with Corteva
In the second quarter of 2019, EIDP entered into a related party revolving loan from Corteva, Inc., with a maturity date in 2024.
EIDP repaid the outstanding related party revolving loan balance during the fourth quarter of 2023. EIDP incurred interest expense of $20 million and $46 million and paid interest of $40 million and $48 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, associated with the related party loan to Corteva, Inc., net of interest income earned from the below-noted Master In-House Banking Agreement.
EIDP and Corteva, including certain consolidated subsidiaries (collectively the “Participating Companies”), are party to a Master In-House Banking Agreement, which established banking arrangements to facilitate the management of the cash and liquidity needs of the Participating Companies. Historically, in periods where EIDP had a net amount due from Corteva, Inc., EIDP classified the amount within other assets given Corteva, Inc. had both the ability and intent to repay the amounts due. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2024, Corteva, Inc.'s intent to repay the amounts due changed and therefore, borrowings under this agreement are now classified within equity of EIDP. As of December 31, 2024, EIDP had a due from parent of $129 million classified within the equity section of EIDP’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, after EIDP’s issuance of a $1,750 million dividend to Corteva, Inc. during the fourth quarter of 2024 which was utilized by Corteva, Inc. to repay amounts due to EIDP. As of December 31, 2023, EIDP had a $377 million receivable from Corteva, Inc. related to this agreement within other assets on EIDP's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, through the third quarter of 2024, EIDP earned interest income from Corteva, Inc. of $38 million under this agreement, which is reflected as other income (expense) - net in EIDP's Consolidated Statements of Operations.
EIDP, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, EIDP had payables to Corteva, Inc. of $9 million and $30 million, included in accrued and other current liabilities, respectively, and $149 million and $106 million included in other noncurrent obligations, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to Corteva's indemnification liabilities to Dow and DuPont per the Separation Agreements (refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements for further details of the Separation Agreements).
NOTE 3 - INCOME TAXES
Refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of tax items that do not differ between Corteva, Inc. and EIDP.
Geographic Allocation of Income (Loss) and Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes For the Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) 2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Domestic $ 363 $ (434) $ (46)
Foreign 951 1,507 1,427
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,314 $ 1,073 $ 1,381
Current tax expense (benefit)
Federal $ 292 $ 138 $ 56
State and local 47 40 19
Foreign 447 407 403
Total current tax expense (benefit) $ 786 $ 585 $ 478
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
Federal $ (300) $ (326) $ (170)
State and local (28) (50) (39)
Foreign (37) (62) (70)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit) $ (365) $ (438) $ (279)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations 421 147 199
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $ 893 $ 926 $ 1,182
Reconciliation to U.S. Statutory Rate For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 %
Effective tax rates on international operations - net1,6
4.6 (1.9) (1.0)
Acquisitions, divestitures and ownership restructuring activities2
(1.1) 3.6 (5.5)
U.S. research and development credit (4.5) (6.0) (2.3)
Exchange gains/losses3
1.7 2.0 3.8
State and local income taxes - net 1.3 0.9 0.2
Impact of Swiss Tax Changes4
- (8.0) -
Excess tax benefits/deficiencies from stock compensation (0.2) (0.6) (0.7)
Tax settlements and expiration of statute of limitations (1.6) (0.4) 0.1
Impact of Brazil valuation allowance6, 7
9.1 - (2.6)
Repatriation of foreign earnings5
1.7 2.9 1.7
Other - net - 0.2 (0.3)
Effective tax rate 32.0 % 13.7 % 14.4 %
1. Includes the effects of local and U.S. taxes related to earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries, changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with these earnings, losses at non-U.S. subsidiaries without local tax benefits due to valuation allowances, and other permanent differences between tax and U.S. GAAP results.
2. Includes a tax charge of $46 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 associated with intellectual property realignment. Includes net tax benefits of $(55) million and $(42) million for the year ended December 31, 2022, related to deferred tax assets established upon change in a U.S. entity's tax characterization, and a worthless stock deduction on Company's investment in a subsidiary after a change in the entity's legal structure, respectively.
EIDP, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
3. Principally reflects the impact of foreign exchange gains and losses on net monetary assets for which no corresponding tax impact is realized. Further information about the company's foreign currency hedging program is included in Note 7 - Supplementary Information, and Note 20 - Financial Instruments, under the heading Foreign Currency Risk.
4. Includes net tax benefits of $(62) million and $(24) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, related to changes in deferred taxes and a tax currency change, respectively.
5. Includes the effect of withholding tax on distribution of foreign earnings to the U.S., net of U.S. foreign tax credits.
6. Classification in "Effective tax rates on international operations-net" and "Impact of Brazil valuation allowance" for the year ended December 31, 2022 have been adjusted from their previous presentation to conform to the current year's presentation.
7. For the year ended December 31, 2024, a charge of $120 million was recorded to establish a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset position of
a legal entity in Brazil (Seed business). For the year ended December 31, 2022, a benefit of $(36) million was recorded to release a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset position of a legal entity in Brazil (Crop Protection business).
NOTE 4 - SEGMENT INFORMATION
There are no differences in reporting structure or segments between Corteva, Inc. and EIDP. In addition, there are no differences between Corteva, Inc. and EIDP segment net sales, segment operating EBITDA, segment assets, or significant items by segment; refer to page of the Corteva, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements for background information on the segments as well as further details regarding segment metrics. The tables below reconcile income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes to segment operating EBITDA, as differences exist between Corteva, Inc. and EIDP.
Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes to segment operating EBITDA
(In millions)
For the Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Income (loss) from continuing operations after income taxes $ 893 $ 926 $ 1,182
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes on continuing operations 421 147 199
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,314 $ 1,073 $ 1,381
Depreciation and amortization 1,227 1,211 1,223
Interest income (171) (283) (124)
Interest expense 233 253 124
Exchange (gains) losses - net 284 397 229
Non-operating (benefits) costs - net 174 151 (111)
Mark-to-market (gains) losses on certain foreign currency contracts not designated as hedges - - -
Significant items 315 579 502
Corporate expenses 115 110 116
Segment operating EBITDA $ 3,491 $ 3,491 $ 3,340
NOTE 5 - UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
As disclosed in EIDP Note 1 - Basis of Presentation, of the EIDP Consolidated Financial Statements, the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, and September 30, 2024 have been restated to correct a material misclassification in the Statements of Cash Flows. These adjustments will be reflected through restatements in subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. The tables below reflect the impact of the restatements.
Restated Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(In millions) As Reported Adjustment As Restated
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations $ (2,972) $ 362 $ (2,610)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities $ (2,975) $ 362 $ (2,613)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities $ (270) $ (362) $ (632)
EIDP, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(In millions) As Reported Adjustment As Restated
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations $ (2,731) $ 723 $ (2,008)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities $ (2,890) $ 723 $ (2,167)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities $ (305) $ (723) $ (1,028)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(In millions) As Reported Adjustment As Restated
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities - continuing operations $ (2,977) $ 1,091 $ (1,886)
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities $ (3,134) $ 1,091 $ (2,043)
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities $ (466) $ (1,091) $ (1,557)