EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1140215
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1140215_10-K_2021_0001493152-21-007217.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Overview
Reed’s Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Reed’s”, the “Company,” “we,” or “us” throughout this report) owns a leading portfolio of handcrafted, all-natural beverages that is sold in over 40,000 outlets nationwide (including the natural and specialty food channel, grocery stores, mass merchants, drug stores, convenience stores, club stores and on-premise locations including bars and restaurants). Reed’s two core brands are Reed’s Craft Ginger Beer and Reed’s Real Ginger Ale and Virgil’s Handcrafted soda. Reed’s Craft Ginger Beers are unique due to the proprietary process of using fresh ginger root combined with a Jamaican inspired recipe of natural spices, honey and fruit juices. Reed’s uses this same handcrafted approach in its Reed’s Real Ginger Ale and Virgil’s line of great tasting, bold flavored craft sodas, including its award-winning Virgil’s Root Beer.
Reed’s is the leading ginger beer in the US; Virgil’s is the leading independent (not aligned with Coca-Cola, Pepsi or Keurig Dr. Pepper) all-natural full line craft soda and is ranked fourth in the craft soda category.
Historical Development
Reed’s Original Ginger Brew, created in 1987 by Christopher J. Reed, our founder, and current Chief Innovation Officer and director, was introduced to the market in Southern California stores in 1989. By 1990, we began marketing our products through United Natural Foods Inc. (“UNFI”) and other natural food distributors and moved our production to a larger facility in Boulder, Colorado.
In 1991, we incorporated our business operations in the state of Florida under the name of Original Beverage Corporation and moved all production to a co-pack facility in Pennsylvania. Throughout the 1990’s, we continued to develop and launch new Ginger Brew varieties. Reed’s Ginger Brews reached broad placement in natural and gourmet foods stores nationwide through UNFI and other major specialty, natural/gourmet and mainstream food and beverage distributors.
In 1997, we began licensing the products of China Cola and eventually acquired the rights to that product in 2000. In 1999, we purchased the Virgil’s Root Beer brand from the Crowley Beverage Company. In 2000, we moved into an 18,000-square foot warehouse property, the Brewery, in Los Angeles, California, to headquarters. In 2001, pursuant to a reincorporation merger, we changed our state of incorporation to Delaware and also changed our name to “Reed’s, Inc.”
In September 2018, we completed the relocation of its headquarters to Norwalk, Connecticut. In December 2018, after a lengthy marketing and bidding process, we sold the Brewery to a company owned by Christopher J. Reed, our founder. The sale of the Brewery marked a fundamental shift in the nature of our operations and effectively eliminated our costs associated with excess manufacturing capacity.
Industry Overview
Reed’s offers its portfolio of natural hand-crafted beverages in the craft specialty foods industry as natural alternatives to the $32 billion mainstream carbonated soft drinks (“CSD”) market in the United States as measured by IRI Multi Outlet scan data. Reed’s products are sold across the country and internationally in the following major channels: natural food, specialty food, grocery, mass merchant, convenience, club, drug, and on-premise locations (bars and restaurants).
Even after a year of the pandemic, overall sales growth of natural food and beverage products continues to outpace sales growth for conventional products across all retail channels. We see ample opportunity to scale our natural beverage business and grow our distribution in these channels.
Carbonated Soft Drink Industry Overview
The retail CSD category has rallied during the pandemic. This past year, after 13 years of declines, the retail CSD category grew 13%. The ginger ale segment grew even faster at 15.4% and is now a $1.1 billion dollar market. Ginger ale growth, we believe, is driven primarily by a consumer perception of ginger ale as a healthier alternative to other sodas. Our new line of ginger ales made with real ginger deliver on this perception and are poised to breakout in the segment.
In the wake of COVID-19, consumers are shifting consumption to better-for-you products. We believe there is significant growth potential from consumers switching away from mainstream beverages that contain artificial ingredients and preservatives towards great-tasting, natural alternatives.
Consumer Trends Driving Growth for Our Products
The following is a list of consumer trends that are accelerating as we exit the pandemic, and which support our brands.
● Natural: Interest in all-natural products has gone mainstream.
● Clean Label: 62% of Americans are avoiding at least one ingredient.
● Reduced Sugar: A favorable trend for our zero-sugar beverages, 77% of consumers say they are reducing their sugar intake.
● Functionality: Right before the pandemic, 65% of consumers looked for function in what they eat and drink. This accelerating trend will drive growth for our ginger-based beverages.
● Craft: Appeal continues to grow of higher-quality, independent, and more authentic brands.
● Premiumization: A trend towards embracing quality has accelerated during the pandemic with consumers splurging on premium beverages at retail, including premium mixers.
● Better-for-you Mocktails: More consumers are seeking non-alcoholic alternatives with bold and unique flavors.
● Ready-to-Drink Cocktails: Category is exploding alongside hard seltzer as people seek novelty and variety, which puts our RTD Mules in a great position to succeed.
Our strategies will remain responsive to these macro consumer trends as we concentrate our efforts on developing the Company’s sales and marketing functions.
Our Products
We make our hand-crafted beverages with only premium, natural ingredients. Our products are free of genetically modified organisms (“GMOs”) and artificial preservatives. Over the years, Reed’s has developed several product offerings. In 2019, we streamlined our focus to our core categories of Reed’s Ginger Beverages and Virgil’s Craft Sodas. In April 2020, we launched our new line of Reed’s Real Ginger Ales, in both Full Sugar and Zero Sugar versions, made with 2,000mg of fresh organic ginger.
Reed’s Craft Ginger Beer
Reed’s Craft Ginger Beer is set apart from other ginger beers by its proprietary process of brewing fresh ginger root, its exclusive use of all-natural ingredients, and its authentic Jamaican-inspired recipe. We do not use artificial preservatives, artificial flavors, or colors, and Reed’s Ginger Beer is certified kosher. We offer different levels of fresh ginger content, ranging from our lightest-spiced Original, to our medium-spiced Extra, and finally to our spiciest Strongest. We also offer three sweetener options: one with cane sugar, honey and fruit juices; one with honey and pineapple juice; and another without sugar (Zero Sugar) made from an innovative blend of natural sweeteners (developed in 2018 and commercialized in 2019).
As of the end of 2020, the Reed’s Craft Ginger Beer line included five major varieties:
Reed’s Original Ginger Beer - Our first to market product uses a Jamaican-inspired recipe that calls for fresh ginger root, lemon, lime, honey, raw cane sugar, pineapple, herbs and spices.
Reed’s Premium Ginger Beer - Our Original Ginger Beer sweetened with honey and pineapple juice. (No cane sugar added.)
Reed’s Extra Ginger Beer - Contains 100% more fresh ginger than Reed’s Original recipe for extra spice.
Reed’s Strongest Ginger Beer - Contains 200% more fresh ginger than Reed’s Original for the strongest spice.
Reed’s Zero Sugar Extra Ginger Beer - launched in 2019 in bottles and cans, it uses a proprietary natural sweetening system for a zero-calorie version of our Reed’s Extra Ginger Beer.
Reed’s Real Ginger Ale
Reed’s Real Ginger Ale is unique for the category because it combines real fresh ginger with the classic, refreshing taste that consumers love. It contains nothing artificial and is Non-GMO project verified. We offer two sweetener options: one with cane sugar and the other with our zero-calorie, all-natural sweetener blend.
NEW! Reed’s Real Ginger Ale - launched in April 2020 in standard and slim cans. It is the only mass market ginger ale made with organic fresh ginger.
NEW! Reed’s Zero Sugar Real Ginger Ale - also launched in April 2020 in standard and slim cans. It uses our all-natural sweetener blend to match the great taste of the cane sugar version in a zero-calorie drink.
Other New Ginger Beverages under the Reed’s brand
NEW! Reed’s Wellness Ginger Shots - launched in February 2020 offered in two varieties: Daily Ginger and Ginger Energize. These convenient, shelf-stable shots provide a ginger boost on the go.
NEW! Reed’s Zero Sugar Classic Mule - launched in June 2020 containing 7% ABV (Alcohol By Volume), is the ultimate mule, made with fresh ginger root, to be enjoyed anytime, anywhere.
Virgil’s Handcrafted Sodas
Virgil’s is a premium handcrafted soda that uses only all-natural ingredients to create bold renditions of classic flavors. We don’t use any artificial preservatives, any artificial colors, or any GMO-sourced ingredients, and our Virgil’s line is certified kosher.
The Virgil’s line includes the following products:
Handcrafted Line: Virgil’s first Handcrafted soda was launched in 1994. It began as one man’s passion to create the finest root beer ever produced and has since won numerous awards. Virgil’s difference is using all-natural ingredients to craft bold, classic soda flavors. Virgil’s Handcrafted line includes Root Beer, Vanilla Cream, Black Cherry, and Orange Cream.
Zero Sugar Line: Virgil’s launched a new line of Zero Sugar, Zero Calorie craft sodas in 2019. Each Zero Sugar soda is sweetened with a proprietary blend of natural sweeteners with no added sugars. This all-natural line of Zero Sugar flavors includes Root Beer, Cola, Black Cherry, Vanilla Cream, Orange Cream and Lemon-Lime. The product has recently been certified Keto compliant.
Product Launches
During the second quarter of 2021, Reed’s will launch the below:
● Reed’s Real Ginger Ale Zero Sugar Line Extensions: Shirley Tempting and Transfusion
● Reed’s Real Ginger Ale and Virgil’s 20 oz Bottles for the Convenience Channel
● Virgil’s Zero Sugar Line Extensions: Dr. Better, Grapefruit, and Ginger Ale
● Limited Edition Swing Lid Bottles 0.5 liter: Virgil’s Bavarian Nutmeg Root Beer and Flying Cauldron Butterscotch Beer
● Reed’s Craft Stormy Mule
Our Primary Markets
We target a smaller segment of the estimated $32 billion mainstream carbonated and non-carbonated soft drink markets in the United States. Our brands are generally considered premium and natural, with upscale packaging. They are loosely defined as the craft specialty bottled carbonated soft drink category.
We have an experienced and geographically diverse sales force promoting our products, with senior sales representatives strategically placed in multiple regions across the country, supported by local Reed’s sales staff. Additionally, we have sales managers handling national accounts for natural, specialty, grocery, mass, club, drug and convenience channels. Our sales managers are responsible for all activities related to the sales, distribution, and marketing of our brands to our entire retail partner and distributor network in North America. The Company not only employs an internal sales force but has partnered with independent sales brokers and outside representatives to promote our products in specific channels and key targeted accounts.
We sell to well-known popular natural food and gourmet retailers, large grocery store chains, mass merchants, club stores, convenience and drug stores, liquor stores, industrial cafeterias (corporate feeders), and to on-premise bars and restaurants nationwide and in some international markets. We also sell our products and promotional merchandise directly to consumers via the Internet through our Amazon storefront which can be accessed through our company web site www.drinkreeds.com.
Some of our representative key customers include:
● Natural stores: Whole Foods Market, Sprouts, Natural Grocers by Vitamin Cottage, Fresh Thyme Farmers Market
● Gourmet & specialty stores: Trader Joe’s, Bristol Farms, Lazy Acres, The Fresh Market, Central Market
● Grocery and mass chains: Kroger (and all Kroger banners), Safeway, Albertson’s, Publix, Food Lion, Stop & Shop, H.E.B., Wegmans, Target, Walmart
● Club stores: BJ’s
● Liquor stores: BevMo!, Total Wine & More, Spec’s
● Convenience & drug stores: Circle K, CVS Health, Rite Aid
Our Distribution Network
Our products are brought to market through an extremely flexible and fluid hybrid distribution model, which is a mix of direct-store-delivery, customer warehouse, and distributor networks. The distribution system used depends on customer needs, product characteristics, and local trade practices.
Our product reaches the market in the following ways:
Direct to Natural & Specialty Wholesale Distributors
Our natural and specialty distributor partners operate a distribution network delivering thousands of SKUs of natural and gourmet products to thousands of small, independent, natural retail outlets around the U.S., along with national chain customers, both conventional and natural. This system of distribution allows our brands far reaching access to some of the most remote parts of North America. During the past year we expanded, and will continue to expand, in this distribution network.
Direct to Store Distribution (“DSD”) Through Non-Alcoholic Beverage Distributor Network
Our independent distributor partners operate DSD systems which deliver primarily beverages, foods, and snacks directly to retail stores where the products are merchandised by their route sales and field sales employees. DSD enables us to merchandise with maximum visibility and appeal. DSD is especially well-suited to products frequently restocked and responds to in-store promotion and merchandising. We are primarily focused on expanding our DSD network on a national basis.
Direct to Store Warehouse Distribution
Some of our products are delivered from our co-packers and warehouses directly to customer warehouses. Some retailers mandate we deliver directly to them, as it is more cost effective and allows them to pass savings along to their customers. Other retailers may not mandate direct delivery, but they recommend and prefer it as they have the capability to self-distribute and can realize significant savings with direct delivery.
Wholesale Distribution
Our Wholesale Distributor network handles the wholesale shipments of our products. These distributors have a warehouse and distribution center, and ship Reed’s and Virgil’s products directly to the retailer (or to customers who opt for drop shipping).
International Distribution
We presently export Reed’s and Virgil’s brands throughout international markets via US based exporters. International markets where our brands are present are France, UK, South Africa, portions of the Caribbean, Canada, Spain, Philippines, Israel and Australia. In the UK, our Virgil’s brands can be found at Pizza Hut, Tesco Supermarket and Sainsbury.
International sales to some areas of the world are cost prohibitive, except for some specialty sales, since our premium sodas were historically packed in glass, which drives substantial freight costs when shipping overseas. Despite these cost challenges, we believe there are good opportunities to expand internationally, and we are increasing our marketing focus on these areas by adding freight friendly packages such as aluminum cans. We are open to exporting and co-packing internationally and expanding our brands into foreign markets, and we have held preliminary discussions with trading companies and import/export companies for the distribution of our products throughout Asia, Europe, Australia, and South America. We believe these areas are a natural fit for Reed’s ginger products because of the popularity and importance of ginger in international markets, especially the Asian market, where ginger is a significant part of the local diet and nutrition.
We believe the strength of our brands, innovation, and marketing, coupled with the quality of our products and flexibility of our distribution network, allows us to compete effectively.
Distribution Agreements
We have entered into agreements with some of our distributors that commit us to “termination fees” if we terminate our agreements early or without cause. These agreements provide for our distributor partners to have the right to distribute our products to a defined type of retailer within a defined geographic region. As is customary in the beverage industry, if we should terminate the agreement or not automatically renew the agreement, we would be obligated to make certain payments to our distributor partners. We constantly review our distribution agreements with our partners across North America.
Some of our outside distributors are not bound by written agreements with us and may discontinue their relationship with us on short notice. Most distributors handle a number of competitive products. In addition, our products are sometimes a small part of our distributors’ businesses.
Manufacturing Our Products
All of Reed’s products are produced by our co-pack partners, which assemble our products and charge us a fee, generally by the case, for the products produced. We have a long-standing relationship with two co-packers in Pennsylvania. Additionally, in conjunction with the sale of our plant, we entered into a three-year co-packing agreement with CCB, whereby CCB will produce Reed’s Inc. beverages in glass bottles at prevailing West Coast market rates. In 2019, we entered into a co-packing agreement with Sonoma Beverage Company on the West Coast. We recently engaged an additional co-packer on the East Coast, Clinton’s Ditch, and another on the West Coast, Noel Canning. We are in discussions and negotiations with additional co-packers to secure added capability for future production needs. We periodically review our co-packing relationships to ensure that they are optimal with respect to quality of production, cost and location.
Warehousing and Logistics are a significant portion of the Company’s operational costs. In order to drive efficiency and reduce costs, on February 1, 2019 we entered into a strategic partnership with Veritiv Logistics Solutions to manage all freight movement for the Company. Veritiv is one of the largest distribution service providers in North America and has expertise that will provide a competitive advantage in the movement of raw materials and finished goods. This partnership will support planning and execution of all inventory movement, assessment of storage needs and cost management.
We follow a “fill as needed” model to the best of our ability and have no significant order backlog.
New Product Development
While we have simplified our business and have streamlined a significant number of SKUs in order to further our primary objective of accelerating the growth of the Reed’s and Virgil’s core product offerings, we believe significant opportunity remains in the all-natural beverage space.
Healthier alternatives will be the future for carbonated soft drinks. We will continue to drive product development in the all-natural, no and low sugar offerings in the “better for you” beverage categories. In addition, we believe there are powerful consumer trends that will help propel the growth of our brand portfolio including the increased consumption of ginger as a recognized superfood, the growing use of ginger beer in today’s popular cocktail drinks, and consumers’ increased demand for higher quality, all-natural handcrafted beverages.
Christopher J. Reed, the Company’s founder and Chief Innovation Officer continues to support our new product development efforts in 2020. Mr. Reed possesses thirty plus years of product development and innovation experience. Recent innovations include our compelling line of full flavor, all-natural, zero sugar, zero calorie sodas. Reed’s has also begun to expand and broaden its product development capabilities by engaging and working with larger, experienced beverage flavor houses and innovative ingredient research and supply companies.
We believe our new business model enhances our ability to be nimble and innovative, producing category leading new products in a short period of time.
Competition
Nonalcoholic Beverages
The nonalcoholic beverage segment of the commercial beverage industry is highly competitive, consisting of numerous companies ranging from small or emerging to very large and well established. The principal areas of competition include pricing, packaging, development of new products and flavors, and marketing campaigns. Our products compete with a wide range of drinks produced by a relatively large number of manufacturers. Many of these brands have enjoyed broad, well-established national recognition for years, through well-funded ad and other branding campaigns. Competitors in the ginger beer category include Goslings, Fever Tree, Bundaberg, Cock ‘n Bull and Q Tonic; in the craft soda category we compete with brands such as Stewart’s, IBC, Zevia, Blue Sky, Hansen’s, Henry Weinhard’s, Boylan, and Jones Soda; In the Ginger Ale category we compete with Canada Dry, Schweppes, Seagram’s and Zevia.
Important factors affecting our ability to compete successfully include the taste and flavor of products, trade and consumer promotions, rapid and effective development of new, unique cutting-edge products, attractive and different packaging, branded product advertising, and pricing. We also compete for distributors who will concentrate on marketing our products over those of our competitors, provide stable and reliable distribution, and secure adequate shelf space in retail outlets. Competitive pressures in the soft drink category could also cause our products to be unable to gain or even lose market share, or we could experience price erosion.
Despite our products having a relatively high price for a craft premium beverage product, minimal mass media advertising to date, and a small but growing presence in the mainstream market compared to many of our competitors, we believe our all-natural innovative beverage recipes, packaging, use of premium ingredients, and a proprietary ginger processing formula provide us with a competitive advantage. Our commitments to the highest quality standards and brand innovation are keys to our success.
Shot Category
Our Reed’s Wellness Ginger Shot was introduced during 2020. The shot category is very competitive and a few mainstream companies dominate the category, but there is room for an all-natural alternative. Competition for market share and acceptance of new products is significant. Main competitors are 5-Hour Energy, Ginger Time, and Rescue Ginger Shots.
Candy
Reed’s Craft Crystallized Ginger and Reed’s Ginger Chews restaged their product line up in 2020 and we will be working with a new distribution partner in 2021. The category is small and there is not a significant number of entrants. Key competitors are Chimes and Gin Gins.
Raw Materials
Substantially all of the raw materials used in the preparation, bottling and packaging of our products are purchased by Reed’s or by our contract packers in accordance with our specifications.
Generally, the raw materials used in our products are obtained from domestic and foreign suppliers and many of the materials have multiple reliable suppliers. This provides a level of protection against a major supply constriction or adverse cost or supply impacts. Since our raw materials are common ingredients and supply is easily accessible, we have few long-term contracts in place with our suppliers.
Glass Bottles and Aluminum Cans
A significant component of our product cost is the purchase of glass bottles and aluminum cans. In December 2017, we entered into an exclusive strategic partnership with Owens-Illinois (glass), and in February 2018 we entered into a strategic partnership with Crown Cork & Seal for aluminum cans. Both suppliers provide expertise in emerging package and material innovation that can be leveraged to further expand marketing and package offerings.
Working Capital Practices
Historically, we have financed our operations through public and private sales of common stock, issuance of preferred and common stock, convertible debt instruments, term loans and credit lines from financial institutions, and cash generated from operations. We have taken decisive action to improve our margins, including fully outsourcing our manufacturing process, streamlining our product portfolio, negotiating improved vendor contracts and restructuring our selling prices.
Licensing
During 2020 we entered into a licensing agreement with Full Sail Brewery headquartered in Hood River, Oregon to manufacture and sell our new line of Reed’s Alcoholic Moscow Mule in 4 pack, 12 pack, and 16 ounce cans. Full Sail manages all aspects of production and distribution.
Seasonality
Sales of our nonalcoholic beverages are somewhat seasonal with a higher than average volume in the warmer months. The volume of sales in the beverage business may be affected by weather conditions.
Proprietary Rights
We own copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets relating to our products and the processes for their production; the packages used for our products; and the design and operation of various processes and equipment used in our business. Some of our proprietary rights are licensed to our co-packers and suppliers and other parties. Reed’s ginger processing and brewing process, finished beverage products and concentrate formulas are among its most valuable trade secrets.
We own trademarks in the United States that we consider material to our business. Trademarks in the United States are valid as long as they are in use and/or their registrations are properly maintained. Pursuant to our manufacturing and bottling agreements, we authorize our bottlers to use applicable Reed’s trademarks in connection with their manufacture, sale and distribution of our products. We have registered and intend to obtain additional trademarks in international markets as may become necessary.
We use confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with employees, manufacturers and distributors to protect our proprietary rights. Mr. Reed is also subject to an intellectual property agreement with Reed’s restricting competition consistent with his fiduciary obligations to Reed’s.
Regulation
General
The production, distribution and sale in the United States of many of our products are subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Lanham Act, state consumer protection laws, competition laws, federal, state and local workplace health and safety laws, various federal, state and local environmental protection laws, and various other federal, state and local statutes and regulations applicable to the production, transportation, sale, safety, advertising, labeling and ingredients of such products. Outside the United States, the distribution and sale of our many products and related operations are also subject to numerous similar and other statutes and regulations.
A California law known as Proposition 65 requires a specific warning to appear on any product containing a component listed by the state as having been found to cause cancer or birth defects. The state maintains lists of these substances and periodically adds other substances to these lists. Proposition 65 exposes all food and beverage producers to the possibility of having to provide warnings on their products in California because it does not provide for any generally applicable quantitative threshold below which the presence of a listed substance is exempt from the warning requirement. Consequently, the detection of even a trace amount of a listed substance can subject an affected product to the requirement of a warning label. However, Proposition 65 does not require a warning if the manufacturer of a product can demonstrate that the use of that product exposes consumers to a daily quantity of a listed substance that is:
● below a “safe harbor” threshold that may be established;
● naturally occurring;
● the result of necessary cooking; or
● subject to another applicable exemption.
No Company beverages produced for sale in California are currently required to display warnings under this law. We are unable to predict whether a component found in a Company product might be added to the California list in the future, although the state has initiated a regulatory process in which caffeine and other natural occurring substances will be evaluated for listing. Furthermore, we are also unable to predict when or whether the increasing sensitivity of detection methodology may become applicable under this law and related regulations as they currently exist, or as they may be amended, might result in the detection of an infinitesimal quantity of a listed substance in a beverage of ours produced for sale in California.
Bottlers of our beverage products presently offer and use non-refillable, recyclable containers in the United States. Some of these bottlers also offer and use refillable containers, which are also recyclable. Legal requirements apply in various jurisdictions in the United States and overseas requiring deposits or certain taxes or fees be charged for the sale, marketing and use of certain non-refillable beverage containers. The precise requirements imposed by these measures vary. Other types of beverage container-related deposit, recycling, tax and/or product stewardship statutes and regulations also apply in various jurisdictions in the United States and overseas. We anticipate additional, similar legal requirements may be proposed or enacted in the future at local, state and federal levels, both in the United States and elsewhere.
All of our facilities and other operations in the United States are subject to various environmental protection statutes and regulations, including those relating to the use of water resources and the discharge of wastewater. Our policy is to comply with all such legal requirements. Compliance with these provisions has not had, and we do not expect such compliance to have, any material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, net income or competitive position.
Environmental Matters
Our primary cost pertaining to environmental compliance activity is in recycling fees and redemption values. We are required to collect redemption values from our customers and remit those redemption values to the state, based upon the number of bottles or cans of certain products sold in the state.
Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2020, we have 34 full-time equivalent employees on our corporate staff. We employ additional people on a part-time basis as needed. We have never participated in a collective bargaining agreement. We believe relations with our employees are good.
Available Information
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and, accordingly, we file annual reports, quarterly reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Access to copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the SEC, including amendments to such filings, may be obtained free of charge from our website, http://www.reedsinc.com. These filings are available promptly after we file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We are not incorporating our website or any information from the website into this annual report. The SEC also maintains a website, http://www.sec.gov, that contains our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K and other filings with the SEC. Access to these filings is free of charge.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following are some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business. All forward-looking statements in this document are based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligations to update any such forward-looking statements.
Summary of Material Risk Factors
● We have a history of operating losses. If we continue to suffer losses from operations, our working capital may be insufficient to support our ability to expand our business operations as rapidly as we would deem necessary at any time, unless we are able to obtain additional financing.
● We may need additional financing in the future, which may not be available when needed or may be costly and dilutive.
● Our secured credit facility with Rosenthal and Rosenthal, Inc. contains financial covenants that, if breached, could trigger default.
● The recent global coronavirus outbreak could harm our business and results of operations.
● Disruption within our supply chain, contract manufacturing or distribution channels could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
● Increased market spending may not drive volume growth.
● Increases in costs of packaging, ingredients and contract manufacturing tolling fees may have an adverse impact on our gross margin.
● If we do not adequately manage our inventory levels, our operating results could be adversely affected.
● It is difficult to predict the timing and amount of our sales because our distributors are not required to place minimum orders with us.
Risk Factors Related to our recently received Paycheck Protection Program Loan
We may not be entitled to forgiveness of our recently received Paycheck Protection Program Loan, and our application for the Paycheck Protection Program Loan could in the future be determined to have been impermissible.
On April 20, 2020, we were granted a Paycheck Protection Program loan (the “PPP Loan”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) in the aggregate amount of $770,000 pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the CARES Act. The PPP Loan agreement is dated April 20, 2020, matures on April 20, 2022, bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum, with the first six months of interest deferred, is payable monthly commencing on November 2020, and is unsecured and guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The loan term may be extended to April 20, 2025, if mutually agreed to by the Company and lender. The PPP Loan may be prepaid at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. Under the CARES Act, as amended in June 2020, loan forgiveness is generally available for the sum of documented payroll costs, covered rent payments, covered mortgage interest and covered utilities during the “Covered Period”, which is 8 weeks or 24 weeks (at the election of the Company) beginning on the date of the first disbursement of the PPP Loan. We will be required to repay any portion of the outstanding principal that is not forgiven, along with accrued interest, and we cannot provide any assurance that we will be eligible for loan forgiveness, that we will apply for forgiveness, or that any amount of the PPP Loan will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA. In order to apply for the PPP Loan, we were required to certify, among other things, that the current economic uncertainty made the PPP Loan request necessary to support our ongoing operations. We made this certification in good faith after analyzing, among other things, the maintenance of our workforce, our need for additional funding to continue operations, and our ability to access alternative forms of capital in the current market environment to offset the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following this analysis, we believe that we satisfied all eligibility criteria for the PPP Loan, and that our receipt of the PPP Loan is consistent with the broad objectives of the CARES Act. The certification described above is subject to interpretation. On April 23, 2020, the SBA issued guidance stating that it is unlikely that a public company with substantial market value and access to capital markets will be able to make the required certification in good faith. The lack of clarity regarding loan eligibility under the Paycheck Protection Program has resulted in significant media coverage and controversy with respect to public companies applying for and receiving loans. If, despite our good-faith belief that given our circumstances we satisfied all eligible requirements for the PPP Loan, we are later determined to have not been in compliance with these requirements or it is otherwise determined that we were ineligible to receive the PPP Loan, we may be required to repay the PPP Loan in its entirety and/or be subject to additional penalties. Should we be audited or reviewed by federal or state regulatory authorities as a result of filing an application for forgiveness of the PPP Loan or otherwise, such audit or review could result in the diversion of management’s time and attention and the incurrence of additional costs. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risk Factors Relating to Our Business
We have a history of operating losses.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net loss of $10,177 and used cash in operations of $9,496. As of December 31, 2020, we had a cash balance of $595 with borrowing capacity of $5,166, stockholders’ equity of $10,404 and a working capital of $9,528, compared to a cash balance of $913, stockholder’s equity of $1,147 and working capital of $4,885 at December 31, 2019.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company experienced significant financing shortages and engaged in two separate transactions to raise capital in 2020. Recently, the Company received net proceeds of $5,310 from an underwritten offering of common stock in April 2020, and $11,254 from an underwritten offering of common stock in November 2020.
If we continue to suffer losses from operations, our working capital may be insufficient to support our ability to expand our business operations as rapidly as we would deem necessary at any time, unless we are able to obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such financing on acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to pursue our business objectives and would be required to reduce our level of operations, including reducing infrastructure, promotions, sales and marketing programs, personnel and other operating expenses. These events could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. If adequate funds are not available or if they are not available on acceptable terms, our ability to fund the growth of our operations, take advantage of opportunities, develop products or services or otherwise respond to competitive pressures, could be significantly limited.
We may need additional financing in the future, which may not be available when needed or may be costly and dilutive.
We may require additional financing to support our working capital needs in the future. The amount of additional capital we may require, the timing of our capital needs and the availability of financing to fund those needs will depend on a number of factors, including our strategic initiatives and operating plans, the performance of our business and the market conditions for debt or equity financing. Additionally, the amount of capital required will depend on our ability to meet our case sales goals and otherwise successfully execute our operating plan. We believe it is imperative to meet these sales objectives in order to lessen our reliance on external financing in the future. Although we believe various debt and equity financing alternatives will be available to us to support our working capital needs, financing arrangements on acceptable terms may not be available to us when needed. Additionally, these alternatives may require significant cash payments for interest and other costs or could be highly dilutive to our existing shareholders. Any such financing alternatives may not provide us with sufficient funds to meet our long-term capital requirements. If necessary, we may explore strategic transactions that we consider to be in the best interest of the Company and our shareholders, which may include, without limitation, public or private offerings of debt or equity securities, and other strategic alternatives; however, these options may not ultimately be available or feasible.
Our indebtedness and liquidity needs could restrict our operations and make us more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions.
Our existing indebtedness may adversely affect our operations and limit our growth, and we may have difficulty making debt service payments on such indebtedness as payments become due. We may also experience the occurrence of events of default or breach of financial covenants. If market or other economic conditions deteriorate, our ability to comply with these covenants may be impaired. If we violate any of the restrictions or covenants, a significant portion of our indebtedness may become immediately due and payable, our lenders’ commitment to make further loans to us may terminate. We might not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments.
Our secured credit facility with Rosenthal and Rosenthal, Inc. contains financial covenants that, if breached, could trigger default.
Pursuant to our Financing Agreement with Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (“Rosenthal”) dated October 4, 2018 for our secured credit facility, we are required to maintain at the end of each of our fiscal quarters, tangible net worth in an amount not less than negative $1,500,000 and working capital of not less than negative $2,500,000. We met these requirements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and 2019. Any breach that is not waived by Rosenthal could trigger default.
The recent global coronavirus outbreak could harm our business and results of operations.
In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared coronavirus COVID-19 a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak, which has continued to spread, and any related adverse public health developments, has adversely affected workforces, customers, economies, and financial markets globally, potentially leading to an economic downturn. It has also disrupted the normal operations of many businesses, including ours. This outbreak could decrease spending, adversely affect demand for our product and harm our business and results of operations. It is not possible for us to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the outbreak and its effects on our business or results of operations at this time.
The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures has had an adverse impact on global economic conditions, including disruption of stock markets and may impact on our ability to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
In February and March 2020, the financial markets significantly declined as the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic came into focus. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus and its variants and the actions to contain its impact. Disruption of stock markets had an impact on the cost of capital in 2020 and may, in the future, impact on our ability to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Disruption within our supply chain, contract manufacturing or distribution channels could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability, through our suppliers, business partners, contract manufacturers, independent distributors and retailers, to produce, transport, distribute and sell products is critical to our success.
Damage or disruption to our suppliers or to manufacturing or distribution capabilities due to weather, natural disaster, fire or explosion, terrorism, pandemics such as COVD-19 and influenza, labor strikes or other reasons, could impair the manufacture, distribution and sale of our products. Many of these events are outside of our control. Failure to take adequate steps to protect against or mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our reliance on distributors, retailers and brokers could affect our ability to efficiently and profitably distribute and market our products, maintain our existing markets and expand our business into other geographic markets.
Our ability to maintain and expand our existing markets for our products, and to establish markets in new geographic distribution areas, is dependent on our ability to establish and maintain successful relationships with reliable distributors, retailers and brokers strategically positioned to serve those areas. Most of our distributors, retailers and brokers sell and distribute competing products and our products may represent a small portion of their businesses. The success of this network will depend on the performance of the distributors, retailers and brokers of this network. There is a risk that the mentioned entities may not adequately perform their functions within the network by, without limitation, failing to distribute to sufficient retailers or positioning our products in localities that may not be receptive to our product. Our ability to incentivize and motivate distributors to manage and sell our products is affected by competition from other beverage companies who have greater resources than we do. To the extent that our distributors, retailers and brokers are distracted from selling our products or do not employ sufficient efforts in managing and selling our products, including re-stocking the retail shelves with our products, our sales and results of operations could be adversely affected. Furthermore, such third-parties’ financial position or market share may deteriorate, which could adversely affect our distribution, marketing and sales activities.
Our ability to maintain and expand our distribution network and attract additional distributors, retailers and brokers will depend on a number of factors, some of which are outside our control. Some of these factors include:
● the level of demand for our brands and products in a particular distribution area;
● our ability to price our products at levels competitive with those of competing products; and
● our ability to deliver products in the quantity and at the time ordered by distributors, retailers and brokers.
We may not be able to successfully manage all or any of these factors in any of our current or prospective geographic areas of distribution. Our inability to achieve success with regards to any of these factors in a geographic distribution area will have a material adverse effect on our relationships in that particular geographic area, thus limiting our ability to maintain or expand our market, which will likely adversely affect our revenues and financial results.
We incur significant time and expense in attracting and maintaining key distributors.
Our marketing and sales strategy depends in large part on the availability and performance of our independent distributors. We currently do not have, nor do we anticipate in the future that we will be able to establish, long-term contractual commitments from some of our distributors. We may not be able to maintain our current distribution relationships or establish and maintain successful relationships with distributors in new geographic distribution areas. Moreover, there is the additional possibility that we may have to incur additional expenditures to attract and maintain key distributors in one or more of our geographic distribution areas in order to profitably exploit our geographic markets.
If we lose any of our key distributors or national retail accounts, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We depend in large part on distributors to distribute our beverages and other products. Some of our outside distributors are not bound by written agreements with us and may discontinue their relationship with us on short notice. Some distributors handle a number of competitive products. In addition, our products are a small part of our distributors’ businesses.
We continually seek to expand distribution of our products by entering into distribution arrangements with regional bottlers or other direct store delivery distributors having established sales, marketing and distribution organizations. Many of our distributors are affiliated with and manufacture and/or distribute other soda and non-carbonated brands and other beverage products. In many cases, such products compete directly with our products.
The marketing efforts of our distributors are important for our success. If our brands prove to be less attractive to our existing distributors and/or if we fail to attract additional distributors, and/or our distributors do not market and promote our products above the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
It is difficult to predict the timing and amount of our sales because our distributors are not required to place minimum orders with us.
Our independent distributors and national accounts are not required to place minimum monthly or annual orders for our products. In order to reduce their inventory costs, independent distributors typically order products from us on a “just in time” basis in quantities and at such times based on the demand for the products in a particular distribution area. Accordingly, we cannot predict the timing or quantity of purchases by any of our independent distributors or whether any of our distributors will continue to purchase products from us in the same frequencies and volumes as they may have done in the past. Additionally, our larger distributors and partners may make orders that are larger than we have historically been required to fill. Shortages in inventory levels, supply of raw materials or other key supplies could negatively affect us.
If we do not adequately manage our inventory levels, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We need to maintain adequate inventory levels to be able to deliver products to distributors on a timely basis. Our inventory supply depends on our ability to correctly estimate demand for our products. Our ability to estimate demand for our products is imprecise, particularly for new products, seasonal promotions and new markets. If we materially underestimate demand for our products or are unable to maintain sufficient inventory of raw materials, we might not be able to satisfy demand on a short-term basis. If we overestimate distributor or retailer demand for our products, we may end up with too much inventory, resulting in higher storage costs, increased trade spending and the risk of inventory spoilage. If we fail to manage our inventory to meet demand, we could damage our relationships with our distributors and retailers and could delay or lose sales opportunities, which would unfavorably impact our future sales and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if the inventory of our products held by our distributors and retailers is too high, they will not place orders for additional products, which would also unfavorably impact our sales and adversely affect our operating results.
Our dependence on independent contract manufacturers could make management of our manufacturing and distribution efforts inefficient or unprofitable.
We are expected to arrange for our contract manufacturing needs sufficiently in advance of anticipated requirements, which is customary in the contract manufacturing industry for comparably sized companies. Based on the cost structure and forecasted demand for the particular geographic area where our contract manufacturers are located, we continually evaluate which of our contract manufacturers to use. To the extent demand for our products exceeds available inventory or the production capacity of our contract manufacturing arrangements, or orders are not submitted on a timely basis, we will be unable to fulfill distributor orders on demand. Conversely, we may produce more product inventory than warranted by the actual demand for it, resulting in higher storage costs and the potential risk of inventory spoilage. Our failure to accurately predict and manage our contract manufacturing requirements and our inventory levels may impair relationships with our independent distributors and key accounts, which, in turn, would likely have a material adverse effect on our ability to maintain effective relationships with those distributors and key accounts.
Increases in costs of packaging, ingredients and contract manufacturing tolling fees may have an adverse impact on our gross margin.
Over the past few years, costs of organic and natural ingredients have increased due to increased demand and required the Company to obtain these ingredients from a wider population of qualified vendors. Packaging costs such as paper and aluminum cans have experienced industry wide price increases in the past and there is always the risk that the company’s co-packers increase their toll rates based on increases in their fixed and variable costs. If the Company is unable to pass on these costs, the gross margin will be significantly impacted.
Increased market spending may not drive volume growth
The Company’s marketing efforts in the past have been limited. The current increase in marketing spending may not generate an increase in sales volume resulting in a net decrease in gross revenue.
Increases in costs of energy and freight may have an adverse impact on our gross and operating margins.
Over the past few years, volatility in the global oil markets has resulted in high fuel prices, which many shipping companies have passed on to their customers by way of higher base pricing and increased fuel surcharges. With recent declines in fuel prices, some companies have been slow to pass on decreases in their fuel surcharges. If fuel prices increase again, we expect to experience higher shipping rates and fuel surcharges, as well as energy surcharges on our raw materials. It is hard to predict what will happen in the fuel markets in 2021. Due to the price sensitivity of our products, we may not be able to pass such increases on to our customers.
If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, our efficiency and operations would be adversely affected.
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified employees in such areas as sales, marketing, product development, supply chain, finance and accounting. In general, we compete to hire new employees, and, in some cases, must train them and develop their skills and competencies. Our operating results could be adversely affected by increased costs due to increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover or increased employee benefit costs. Any unplanned turnover, particularly involving our key personnel, could negatively impact our operations, financial condition and employee morale.
If we fail to protect our trademarks and trade secrets, we may be unable to successfully market our products and compete effectively.
We rely on a combination of trademark and trade secrecy laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property rights. Failure to protect our intellectual property could harm our brand and our reputation, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights, including our trademarks, copyrights, licenses and trade secrets, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. We regard our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks and trade secrets, to be of considerable value and importance to our business and our success, and we actively pursue the registration of our trademarks in the United States and internationally. However, the steps taken by us to protect these proprietary rights may not be adequate and may not prevent third parties from infringing or misappropriating our trademarks, trade secrets or similar proprietary rights. In addition, other parties may seek to assert infringement claims against us, and we may have to pursue litigation against other parties to assert our rights. Any such claim or litigation could be costly. In addition, any event that would jeopardize our proprietary rights or any claims of infringement by third parties could have a material adverse effect on our ability to market or sell our brands, profitably exploit our products or recoup our associated research and development costs.
Litigation or legal proceedings could expose us to significant liabilities and damage our reputation.
We may become party to litigation claims and legal proceedings. Litigation involves significant risks, uncertainties and costs, including distraction of management attention away from our business operations. We evaluate litigation claims and legal proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, we establish reserves and disclose the relevant litigation claims or legal proceedings, as appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. Actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from those envisioned by our current assessments and estimates. Our policies and procedures require strict compliance by our employees and agents with all U.S. and local laws and regulations applicable to our business operations, including those prohibiting improper payments to government officials. Nonetheless, our policies and procedures may not ensure full compliance by our employees and agents with all applicable legal requirements. Improper conduct by our employees or agents could damage our reputation or lead to litigation or legal proceedings that could result in civil or criminal penalties, including substantial monetary fines, as well as disgorgement of profits.
We are subject to risks inherent in sales of products in international markets.
Our operations outside of the United States contribute to our revenue and profitability, and we believe that developing and emerging markets present important future growth opportunities for us. However, there can be no assurance that existing or new products that we manufacture, distribute or sell will be accepted or be successful in any particular foreign market, due to local or global competition, product price, cultural differences, consumer preferences or otherwise. Here are many factors that could adversely affect demand for our products in foreign markets, including our inability to attract and maintain key distributors in these markets; volatility in the economic growth of certain of these markets; changes in economic, political or social conditions, imposition of new or increased labeling, product or production requirements, or other legal restrictions; restrictions on the import or export of our products or ingredients or substances used in our products; inflationary currency, devaluation or fluctuation; increased costs of doing business due to compliance with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations. If we are unable to effectively operate or manage the risks associated with operating in international markets, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
Changes in accounting standards and subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments by management related to complex accounting matters could significantly affect our financial results.
The United States generally accepted accounting principles and related pronouncements, implementation guidelines and interpretations with regard to a wide variety of matters that are relevant to our business, such as, but not limited to, stock-based compensation, trade spend and promotions, and income taxes are highly complex and involve many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments by our management. Changes to these rules or their interpretation or changes in underlying assumptions, estimates or judgments by our management could significantly change our reported results.
If we are unable to build and sustain proper information technology infrastructure, our business could suffer.
We depend on information technology as an enabler to improve the effectiveness of our operations and to interface with our customers, as well as to maintain financial accuracy and efficiency. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain the proper technology infrastructure, we could be subject to transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, the loss of customers, business disruptions, or the loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breaches.
We could be subject to cybersecurity attacks.
Cybersecurity attacks are evolving and include malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in business processes, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. Such unauthorized access could subject us to operational interruption, damage to our brand image and private data exposure, and harm our business.
Risks Factors Relating to Our Industry
The current aluminum shortage can harm our ability to meet consumer demand.
As a craft beverage company, we do not meet volume requirements to have a contract in place with our aluminum can supplier. Craft beverage companies such as us are facing an aluminum can shortage. We anticipate we will continue to see supply issues with all sizes of aluminum cans. This aluminum can shortage can harm our ability to timely produce enough product to meet consumer demand.
We may experience a reduced demand for some of our products due to health concerns (including obesity) and legislative initiatives against sweetened beverages.
Consumers are concerned about health and wellness; public health officials and government officials are increasingly vocal about obesity and its consequences. There has been a trend among some public health advocates and dietary guidelines to recommend a reduction in sweetened beverages, as well as increased public scrutiny, potential new taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, and additional governmental regulations concerning the marketing and labeling/packing of the beverage industry. Additional or revised regulatory requirements, whether labeling, tax or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Further, increasing public concern with respect to sweetened beverages could reduce demand for our beverages and increase desire for more low-calorie soft drinks, water, enhanced water, coffee-flavored beverages, tea, and beverages with natural sweeteners. We are continuously working to launch new products that round out our diversified portfolio.
Legislative or regulatory changes that affect our products could reduce demand for products or increase our costs.
Taxes imposed on the sale of certain of our products by federal, state and local governments in the United States, Canada or other countries in which we operate could cause consumers to shift away from purchasing our beverages. Several municipalities in the United States have implemented or are considering implementing taxes on the sale of certain “sugared” beverages, including non-diet soft drinks, fruit drinks, teas and flavored waters to help fund various initiatives. These taxes could materially affect our business and financial results.
Additional taxes levied on us could harm our financial results.
Recent legislative proposals to reform U.S. taxation of non-U.S. earnings could have a material adverse effect on our financial results by subjecting a significant portion of our non-U.S. earnings to incremental U.S. taxation and/or by delaying or permanently deferring certain deductions otherwise allowed in calculating our U.S. tax liabilities.
We compete in an industry that is brand-conscious, so brand name recognition and acceptance of our products are critical to our success.
Our business is substantially dependent upon awareness and market acceptance of our products and brands by our targeted consumers. In addition, our business depends on acceptance by our independent distributors of our brands as beverage brands that have the potential to provide incremental sales growth rather than reduce distributors’ existing beverage sales. Although we believe that we have been relatively successful towards establishing our brands as recognizable brands in the all-natural “better for you” beverage industry, it may be too early in the product life cycle of these brands to determine whether our products and brands will achieve and maintain satisfactory levels of acceptance by independent distributors, retail customers and consumers. We believe that the success of our brands will also be substantially dependent upon acceptance of our product name brands. Accordingly, any failure of our brands to maintain or increase acceptance or market penetration would likely have a material adverse effect on our revenues and financial results.
Competition from traditional non-alcoholic beverage manufacturers may adversely affect our distribution relationships and may hinder development of our existing markets, as well as prevent us from expanding our markets.
We target a niche in the estimated $32 billion carbonated and non-carbonated soft drink markets in the US, Canada and international markets. Our brands are generally regarded as premium and natural, with upscale packaging and are loosely defined as the artisanal (craft), premium bottled carbonated soft drink category. The soft drink industry is highly fragmented, and the craft soft drink category consists of such competitors as IBC, Stewart’s, Zevia, Henry Weinhard’s, Hansen’s, Izze, Boylan and Jones Soda, to name a few. These brands have the advantage of being seen widely in the national market and being commonly known for years through well-funded ad campaigns. Our products have a relatively high price for an artisanal premium beverage product, minimal mass media advertising to date and a small but growing presence in the mainstream market compared to some of our larger competitors.
The beverage industry is highly competitive. We compete with other beverage companies not only for consumer acceptance but also for shelf space in retail outlets and for marketing focus by our distributors, all of which also distribute other beverage brands. Our products compete with a wide range of drinks produced by a relatively large number of manufacturers, most of which have substantially greater financial, marketing and distribution resources than ours. Some of these competitors are placing pressure on independent distributors not to carry competitive sparkling brands such as ours. We also compete with regional beverage producers and “private label” soft drink suppliers.
Increased competitor consolidations, market-place competition, particularly among branded beverage products, and competitive product and pricing pressures could impact our earnings, market share and volume growth. If, due to such pressure or other competitive threats, we are unable to sufficiently maintain or develop our distribution channels, we may be unable to achieve our current revenue and financial targets. As a means of maintaining and expanding our distribution network, we intend to introduce new, innovative products and packages. We may not be successful in doing this and other companies may be more successful in this regard over the long term. Competition, particularly from companies with greater financial and marketing resources than ours, could have a material adverse effect on our existing markets, as well as on our ability to expand the market for our products.
We compete in an industry characterized by rapid changes in consumer preferences and public perception, so our ability to continue developing new products to satisfy our consumers’ changing preferences will determine our long-term success.
Failure to introduce new products or product extensions into the marketplace as current ones mature and to meet our consumers’ changing preferences could prevent us from gaining market share and achieving long-term profitability. Product lifecycles can vary, and consumers’ preferences and loyalties change over time. Although we try to anticipate these shifts and innovate new products to introduce to our consumers, we may not succeed. Customer preferences also are affected by factors other than taste, such as health and nutrition considerations and obesity concerns, shifting consumer needs, changes in consumer lifestyles, increased consumer information and competitive product and pricing pressures. Sales of our products may be adversely affected by the negative publicity associated with these issues. If we do not adequately anticipate or adjust to respond to these and other changes in customer preferences, we may not be able to maintain and grow our brand image and our sales may be adversely affected.
Global economic conditions may continue to adversely impact our business and results of operations.
The beverage industry, and particularly those companies selling premium beverages, can be affected by macro-economic factors, including changes in national, regional, and local economic conditions, unemployment levels and consumer spending patterns, which together may impact the willingness of consumers to purchase our products as they adjust their discretionary spending. Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the ability of our distributors to obtain the credit necessary to fund their working capital needs, which could negatively impact their ability or desire to continue to purchase products from us in the same frequencies and volumes as they have done in the past. If we experience adverse economic conditions in the future, sales of our products could be adversely affected, collectability of accounts receivable may be compromised, and we may face obsolescence issues with our inventory, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition.
If we encounter product recalls or other product quality issues, our business may suffer.
Product quality issues, real or imagined, or allegations of product contamination, even when false or unfounded, could tarnish our image and could cause consumers to choose other products. In addition, because of changing government regulations or implementation thereof, or allegations of product contamination, we may be required from time to time to recall products entirely or from specific markets. Product recalls could affect our profitability and could negatively affect brand image.
We could be exposed to product liability claims.
Although we have product liability and basic recall insurance, insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all product liability claims that may arise. To the extent our product liability coverage is insufficient, a product liability claim would likely have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition. In addition, any product liability claim brought against us may materially damage the reputation and brand image of our products and business.
Our business is subject to many regulations and noncompliance is costly.
The production, marketing and sale of our beverages, including contents, labels, caps and containers, are subject to the rules and regulations of various federal, provincial, state and local health agencies. If a regulatory authority finds that a current or future product or production run is not in compliance with any of these regulations, we may be fined, or production may be stopped, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, any adverse publicity associated with any noncompliance may damage our reputation and our ability to successfully market our products. Furthermore, the rules and regulations are subject to change from time to time and while we closely monitor developments in this area, we cannot anticipate whether changes in these rules and regulations will impact our business adversely. Additional or revised regulatory requirements, whether labeling, environmental, tax or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Significant additional labeling or warning requirements may inhibit sales of affected products.
Various jurisdictions may seek to adopt significant additional product labeling or warning requirements relating to the chemical content or perceived adverse health consequences of certain of our products. These types of requirements, if they become applicable to one or more of our products under current or future environmental or health laws or regulations, may inhibit sales of such products. In California, a law requires that a specific warning appear on any product that contains a component listed by the state as having been found to cause cancer or birth defects. This law recognizes no generally applicable quantitative thresholds below which a warning is not required. If a component found in one of our products is added to the list, or if the increasing sensitivity of detection methodology that may become available under this law and related regulations as they currently exist, or as they may be amended, results in the detection of an infinitesimal quantity of a listed substance in one of our beverages produced for sale in California, the resulting warning requirements or adverse publicity could affect our sales.
We may not be able to develop successful new beverage products, which are important to our growth.
An important part of our strategy is to increase our sales through the development of new beverage products. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to continue to develop, market and distribute future beverage products that will enjoy market acceptance. The failure to continue to develop new beverage products that gain market acceptance could have an adverse impact on our growth and materially adversely affect our financial condition. We may have higher obsolescent product expense if new products fail to perform as expected due to the need to write off excess inventory of the new products.
Our results of operations may be impacted in various ways by the introduction of new products, even if they are successful, including the following:
● sales of new products could adversely impact sales of existing products;
● we may incur higher cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses in the periods when we introduce new products due to increased costs associated with the introduction and marketing of new products, most of which are expensed as incurred; and
● when we introduce new platforms and package sizes, we may experience increased freight and logistics costs as our co-packers adjust their facilities for the new products.
The growth of our revenues is dependent on acceptance of our products by mainstream consumers.
We have dedicated significant resources to introduce our products to the mainstream consumer. As such, we have increased our sales force and executed agreements with distributors who, in turn, distribute to mainstream consumers at grocery stores and other retailers. If our products are not accepted by the mainstream consumer, our business could suffer.
Our failure to accurately estimate demand for our products could adversely affect our business and financial results.
We may not correctly estimate demand for our products. Our ability to estimate demand for our products is imprecise, particularly with new products, and may be less precise during periods of rapid growth, particularly in new markets. If we materially underestimate demand for our products or are unable to secure sufficient ingredients or raw materials including, but not limited to, glass, cans, cartons, labels, flavors or packing arrangements, we might not be able to satisfy demand on a short-term basis. Furthermore, industry-wide shortages of certain juice concentrates and sweeteners have been and could, from time to time in the future, be experienced, which could interfere with and/or delay production of certain of our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. We do not use hedging agreements or alternative instruments to manage this risk.
The loss of our largest customers would substantially reduce revenues.
Our customers are material to our success. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our existing customers, our business could suffer.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had two broker/distributors that accounted for approximately 25% and 12% of its sales, respectively; and during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had two broker/distributors that accounted for 12% and 11% of its sales, respectively. These two broker/distributors serve hundreds if not thousands of various retail chains and end customers.
No other customer exceeded 10% of sales for either period.
The loss of our largest vendors would substantially reduce revenues.
Our vendors are important to our success. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our existing vendors, our business could suffer.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s largest two vendors accounted for approximately 12%, and 11% of its purchases, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s largest three vendors accounted for approximately 12%, 11%, and 10% of its purchases, respectively.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s largest two vendors accounted for 12% and 10% of the total accounts payable, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s largest three vendors accounted for 19%, 15% and 14% of the total accounts payable, respectively.
No other account was more than 10% of the balance of accounts payable in either period.
The loss of our third-party distributors could impair our operations and substantially reduce our financial results.
We depend in large part on distributors to distribute our beverages and other products. Some of our outside distributors are not bound by written agreements with the Company and may discontinue their relationship with us on short notice. Some distributors handle a number of competitive products. In addition, our products are a small part of our distributors’ businesses.
We continually seek to expand distribution of our products by entering into distribution arrangements with regional bottlers or other direct store delivery distributors having established sales, marketing and distribution organizations. Many of our distributors are affiliated with and manufacture and/or distribute other soda and non-carbonated brands and other beverage products. In many cases, such products compete directly with our products.
The marketing efforts of our distributors are important for our success. If our brands prove to be less attractive to our existing distributors and/or if we fail to attract additional distributors, and/or our distributors do not market and promote our products above the products of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Price fluctuations in, and unavailability of, raw materials and packaging that we use could adversely affect us.
We do not enter into hedging arrangements for raw materials. Although the prices of raw materials that we use have not increased significantly in recent years, our results of operations would be adversely affected if the price of these raw materials were to rise and we were unable to pass these costs on to our customers.
We depend upon an uninterrupted supply of the ingredients for our products, a significant portion of which we obtain overseas, principally from Peru, Fiji and Indonesia. Any decrease in the supply of these ingredients or increase in the prices of these ingredients as a result of any adverse weather conditions, pests, crop disease, interruptions of shipment or political considerations, among other reasons, could substantially increase our costs and adversely affect our financial performance.
We also depend upon an uninterrupted supply of packaging materials, such as glass, cans and paper items. We obtain bottles both domestically and internationally. Any decrease in supply of these materials or increase in the prices of the materials, as a result of decreased supply or increased demand, could substantially increase our costs and adversely affect our financial performance.
The loss of any of our co-packers could impair our operations and substantially reduce our financial results.
We rely on third parties, called co-packers in our industry, to produce our beverages.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had utilized six and four, respectively, separate US based co-packers for most its production needs. Although there are other packers that could produce the Company’s beverages, a change in packers may cause a delay in the production process, which could ultimately affect operating results.
Our co-packing arrangements with other companies are on a short-term basis and such co-packers may discontinue their relationship with us on short notice. Our co-packing arrangements expose us to various risks, including:
● if any of those co-packers were to terminate our co-packing arrangement or have difficulties in producing beverages for us, our ability to produce our beverages would be adversely affected until we were able to make alternative arrangements; and
● our business reputation would be adversely affected if any of the co-packers were to produce inferior quality.
We believe that we have substantially reduced this risk by reducing our reliance upon any single co-packer. We are in discussion and negotiation with additional co-packers to ensure added capability for future production needs.
We compete in an industry characterized by rapid changes in consumer preferences and public perception, so our ability to continue to market our existing products and develop new products to satisfy our consumers’ changing preferences will determine our long-term success.
Consumers are seeking greater variety in their beverages. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our continued ability to develop and introduce different and innovative beverages. In order to retain and expand our market share, we must continue to develop and introduce different and innovative beverages and be competitive in the areas of quality and health, although there can be no assurance of our ability to do so. There is no assurance that consumers will continue to purchase our products in the future. Additionally, many of our products are considered premium products and to maintain market share during recessionary periods, we may have to reduce profit margins, which would adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, there is increasing awareness and concern for the health consequences of obesity. This may reduce demand for our non-diet beverages, which could affect our profitability. Product lifecycles for some beverage brands and/or products and/or packages may be limited to a few years before consumers’ preferences change. The beverages we currently market are in varying stages of their lifecycles and there can be no assurance that such beverages will become or remain profitable for us. The beverage industry is subject to changing consumer preferences and shifts in consumer preferences may adversely affect us if we misjudge such preferences. We may be unable to achieve volume growth through product and packaging initiatives. We also may be unable to penetrate new markets. If our revenues decline, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate because of the seasonality of our business.
Our highest revenues occur during the summer and fall, the third and fourth quarters of each fiscal year. These seasonality issues may cause our financial performance to fluctuate. In addition, beverage sales can be adversely affected by sustained periods of bad weather.
Our manufacturing process is not patented.
None of the manufacturing processes used in producing our products are subject to a patent or similar intellectual property protection. Our only protection against a third party using our recipes and processes is confidentiality agreements with the companies that produce our beverages and with our employees who have knowledge of such processes. If our competitors develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or otherwise obtain access to our knowledge, we will have greater difficulty in competing with them for business, and our market share could decline.
If we are not able to retain the full-time services of our management team, it will be more difficult for us to manage our operations and our operating performance could suffer.
Our business is dependent, to a large extent, upon the services of our management team. We do have a written employment agreement with two of five members of our management team. In addition, we do not maintain key person life insurance on any of our management team. Therefore, in the event of the loss or unavailability of any member of the management team to us, there can be no assurance that we would be able to locate in a timely manner or employ qualified personnel to replace him or her. The loss of the services of any member of our management team or our failure to attract and retain other key personnel over time would jeopardize our ability to execute our business plan and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The price of our common stock may be volatile, and a shareholder’s investment in our common stock could suffer a decline in value.
There has been significant volatility in the volume and market price of our common stock, and this volatility may continue in the future. In addition, factors such as quarterly variations in our operating results, litigation involving us, general trends relating to the beverage industry, actions by governmental agencies, national economic and stock market considerations as well as other events and circumstances beyond our control could have a significant impact on the future market price of our common stock and the relative volatility of such market price.
A prolonged decline in the price of our common stock could result in a reduction in the liquidity of our common stock and a reduction in our ability to raise capital. If we are unable to raise the funds required for all of our planned operations and key initiatives, we may be forced to allocate funds from other planned uses, which may negatively impact our business and operations, including our ability to develop new products and continue our current operations.
Many factors that are beyond our control may significantly affect the market price of our shares. These factors include:
● price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets;
● changes in our revenues and earnings or other variations in operating results;
● any shortfall in revenue or increase in losses from levels expected by us or securities analysts;
● changes in regulatory policies or law;
● operating performance of companies comparable to us; and
● general economic trends and other external factors.
Even if an active market for our common stock is established, stockholders may have to sell their shares at prices substantially lower than the price they paid for them or might otherwise receive than if a broad public market existed.
There has been a very limited public trading market for our securities and the market for our securities may continue to be limited, and be sporadic and highly volatile.
There is currently a limited public market for our common stock. Holders of our common stock may, therefore, have difficulty selling their shares, should they decide to do so. In addition, there can be no assurances that such markets will continue or that any shares which may be purchased, may be sold without incurring a loss. Any such market price of our shares may not necessarily bear any relationship to our book value, assets, past operating results, financial condition or any other established criteria of value, and may not be indicative of the market price for the shares in the future.
Future financings could adversely affect common stock ownership interest and rights in comparison with those of other security holders.
Our board of directors has the power to issue additional shares of common or preferred stock up to the amounts authorized in our certificate of incorporation without stockholder approval, subject to restrictive covenants contained in the Company’s contracts. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders will be reduced, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. If we issue any additional common stock or securities convertible into common stock, such issuance will reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power of each other stockholder. In addition, such stock issuances might result in a reduction of the book value of our common stock. Any increase of the number of authorized shares of common stock or preferred stock would require board and shareholder approval and subsequent amendment to our certificate of incorporation.
Risk Factors Related to Distribution of Alcoholic Beverages
Demand for our products may be adversely affected by many factors, including changes in consumer preferences and trends.
Consumer preferences may shift due to a variety of factors including changes in demographic and social trends, public health initiatives, product innovations, changes in vacation or leisure activity patterns and a downturn in economic conditions, which may reduce consumers’ willingness to purchase distilled spirits or cause a shift in consumer preferences away from ginger beer based cocktails toward beer, wine or non-alcoholic beverages. Our success depends in part on fulfilling available opportunities to meet consumer needs and anticipating changes in consumer preferences with successful new products and product innovations. The competitive position of our brands could also be affected adversely by any failure to achieve consistent, reliable quality in the product or in service levels to customers.
We face substantial competition in our industry and many factors may prevent us from competing successfully.
We compete based on product taste and quality, brand image, price, service and ability to innovate in response to consumer preferences. The global spirits industry is highly competitive and is dominated by several large, well-funded international companies. It is possible that our competitors may either respond to industry conditions or consumer trends more rapidly or effectively or resort to price competition to sustain market share, which could adversely affect our sales and profitability.
Adverse public opinion about alcohol could reduce demand for our products.
Anti-alcohol groups have, in the past, advocated successfully for more stringent labeling requirements, higher taxes and other regulations designed to discourage alcohol consumption. More restrictive regulations, negative publicity regarding alcohol consumption and/or changes in consumer perceptions of the relative healthfulness or safety of beverage alcohol could decrease sales and consumption of alcohol and thus the demand for our products. This could, in turn, significantly decrease both our revenues and our revenue growth, causing a decline in our results of operations.
Class action or other litigation relating to alcohol abuse or the misuse of alcohol could adversely affect our business.
Companies in the beverage alcohol industry are, from time to time, exposed to class action or other litigation relating to alcohol advertising, product liability, alcohol abuse problems or health consequences from the misuse of alcohol. It is also possible that governments could assert that the use of alcohol has significantly increased government funded health care costs. Litigation or assertions of this type have adversely affected companies in the tobacco industry, and it is possible that we, as well as our suppliers, could be named in litigation of this type.
Also, lawsuits have been brought in a number of states alleging that beverage alcohol manufacturers and marketers have improperly targeted underage consumers in their advertising. Plaintiffs in these cases allege that the defendants’ advertisements, marketing and promotions violate the consumer protection or deceptive trade practices statutes in each of these states and seek repayment of the family funds expended by the underage consumers. While we have not been named in these lawsuits, we could be named in similar lawsuits in the future. Any class action or other litigation asserted against us could be expensive and time-consuming to defend against, depleting our cash and diverting our personnel resources and, if the plaintiffs in such actions were to prevail, our business could be harmed significantly.
Regulatory decisions and legal, regulatory and tax changes could limit our business activities, increase our operating costs and reduce our margins.
Our business is subject to extensive regulation in all of the countries in which we operate. This may include regulations regarding production, distribution, marketing, advertising and labeling of beverage alcohol products. We are required to comply with these regulations and to maintain various permits and licenses. We are also required to conduct business only with holders of licenses to import, warehouse, transport, distribute and sell beverage alcohol products. We cannot assure you that these and other governmental regulations applicable to our industry will not change or become more stringent. Moreover, because these laws and regulations are subject to interpretation, we may not be able to predict when and to what extent liability may arise. Additionally, due to increasing public concern over alcohol-related societal problems, including driving while intoxicated, underage drinking, alcoholism and health consequences from the abuse of alcohol, various levels of government may seek to impose additional restrictions or limits on advertising or other marketing activities promoting beverage alcohol products. Failure to comply with any of the current or future regulations and requirements relating to our industry and products could result in monetary penalties, suspension or even revocation of our licenses and permits. Costs of compliance with changes in regulations could be significant and could harm our business, as we could find it necessary to raise our prices to maintain profit margins, which could lower the demand for our products and reduce our sales and profit potential.
Also, the distribution of beverage alcohol products is subject to extensive taxation both in the U.S. and internationally (and, in the U.S., at both the federal and state government levels), and beverage alcohol products themselves are the subject of national import and excise duties in most countries around the world. An increase in taxation or in import or excise duties could also significantly harm our sales revenue and margins, both through the reduction of overall consumption and by encouraging consumers to switch to lower-taxed categories of beverage alcohol.
Risk Factors Related to Our Common Stock
If we are not able to achieve our objectives for our business, the value of an investment in our Company could be negatively affected.
In order to be successful, we believe that we must, among other things:
● increase the volume for our products
● continue to find savings in our cost of goods (co-packer fees, packaging and ingredients);
● expand the number of co-packers for our core and innovation products;
● continue to recruit and retain top talent;
● drive increased awareness through our brand pull campaigns, and trial and repeat purchase of our core brands;
● drive increased SKU placement on shelf, and open new outlets of retail distribution through our investment in sales resources, partnerships and trade marketing support;
● manage our operating expenses to sufficiently support operating activities and
● avoid significant increases in variable costs relating to production, marketing and distribution.
We may not be able to meet these objectives, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We have incurred significant operating expenses in the past and may do so again in the future and, as a result, will need to increase revenues in order to improve our results of operations. Our ability to increase sales volume will depend primarily on success in marketing initiatives with industry brokers, improving our distribution base with DSD companies, introducing new no sugar brands, and focusing on the existing core brands in the market. Our ability to successfully enter new distribution areas and obtain national accounts will, in turn, depend on various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the continued demand for our brands and products in target markets, the ability to price our products at competitive levels, the ability to establish and maintain relationships with distributors in each geographic area of distribution and the ability in the future to create, develop and successfully introduce one or more new brands, products, and product extensions.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:
● authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, shares of undesignated preferred stock;
● specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only upon the request of a majority of our board of directors or our Chief Executive Officer;
● establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors; and
● prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors.
These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management, and may discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change of control of our Company that is in the best interest of our minority stockholders. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging future takeover attempts.
Furthermore, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock. Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions:
● before the stockholder became interested, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
● upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances; or
● at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.
The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions the Company’s board of directors does not approve in advance. Section 203 may also discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of Common Stock held by stockholders.
These provisions of Delaware law and the Certificate of Incorporation could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of the Company’s common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in the Company’s management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Collectively, members of our board of directors and our executive officers hold approximately 8% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, beneficially own approximately 10% of our common stock and may greatly influence the outcome of all matters on which stockholders vote.
Collectively, members of our board of directors and our executive officers hold approximately 8% of our outstanding common stock and beneficially own approximately 10% of our common stock. Members of our board of directors and our executive officers may influence the outcome of certain matters on which stockholders vote. (Beneficial ownership is calculated pursuant to Section 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and includes shares underlying derivative securities which may be exercised or converted within 60 days.)
If securities analysts or industry analysts downgrade our shares, publish negative research or reports, or do not publish reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our business and our industry. If one or more analysts adversely change their recommendation regarding our shares or our competitors’ stock, our share price would likely decline. If one or more analysts cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our share price or trading volume to decline. As a result, the market price for our common stock may decline.
We have the ability to issue additional shares of our common stock and shares of preferred stock without asking for stockholder approval, which could cause your investment to be diluted.
Our Articles of Incorporation authorize the Board of Directors to issue up to 120,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 500,000 shares of preferred stock. The power of the Board of Directors to issue shares of common stock, preferred stock or warrants or options to purchase shares of common stock or preferred stock is generally not subject to stockholder approval. Accordingly, any additional issuance of our common stock, or preferred stock that may be convertible into common stock, may have the effect of diluting your investment, and the new securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock.
Substantial sales of our stock may impact the market price of our common stock.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares that we may issue upon exercise of options and warrants, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Further, if we raise additional funds through the issuance of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced, and the price of our common stock may fall.
Our common stock is thinly traded, and investors may be unable to sell some or all of their shares at the price they would like, or at all, and sales of large blocks of shares may depress the price of our common stock.
Our common stock has historically been sporadically or “thinly-traded,” meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing shares of our common stock at prevailing prices at any given time may be relatively small or nonexistent. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in shares of our common stock is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer that has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. This could lead to wide fluctuations in our share price. Investors may be unable to sell their common stock at or above their purchase price, which may result in substantial losses. Also, as a consequence of this lack of liquidity, the trading of relatively small quantities of shares by our stockholders may disproportionately influence the price of shares of our common stock in either direction. The price of shares of our common stock could, for example, decline precipitously in the event a large number of shares of our common shares are sold on the market without commensurate demand, as compared to a seasoned issuer that could better absorb those sales without adverse impact on its share price.
We do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our shares of common stock in the near future, so our shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they sell their shares.
We intend to retain any future earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid, and if dividends are paid, there is no assurance with respect to the amount of any such dividend. Unless we pay dividends, our shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they sell such shares.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Property
The Company leases 8,620 square feet of office space in Norwalk, Connecticut, which serves as our principal executive offices. The lease commenced September 1, 2018 and continues in effect for a period of 6.5 years.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are a party to ordinary, routine litigation incidental to our business. Our management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings individually and in the aggregate and provides for potential losses on such litigation if the amount of the loss is estimable and the loss is probable.
We are not party to any material pending legal proceedings (including environmental proceedings), other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the business at the current time. Although the results of such litigation matters and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of ordinary, routine litigation will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We voluntarily withdrew the principal listing of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share from the NYSE American, LLC and transferred the listing to The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC. The listing and trading of our common stock on the NYSE American, LLC ended at market close on May 9, 2019 and that trading began on the Nasdaq Capital Market at market open on May 10, 2019 under the stock symbol “REED”.
On December 21, 2020, our shareholders approved an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock from 100 million to 120 million. As of December 31, 2020, there were approximately 5,000 holders of record of the common stock (including only non-objecting beneficial owners of record) and 86,317,096 outstanding shares of common stock.
We currently have no expectation to pay cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we paid dividends on Series A Preferred Stock through the issuance of 4,530 shares of common stock. These equity securities were not registered under the Securities Act.
Equity Compensation Plans
Pursuant to the SEC’s Regulation S-K Compliance and Disclosure Interpretation 106.01, the information required by this Item pursuant to Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K relating to securities authorized for issuance under the Corporation’s equity compensation plans is located in Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
As a smaller reporting company, Reed’s is not required to provide the information required by this Item 6.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion and analysis may contain forward-looking statements based on assumptions about our future business. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Amounts presented in the discussion below are in thousands, except share and per share amounts.
Results of Operations
Overview
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company fully utilized its expanded network of co-packers and implemented an upgraded set of quality protocols. In addition to our traditional sales channels, the Company is utilizing its ecommerce platform that includes their branded web sites and Amazon to offer its line of shots, ginger candy and drinks packaged in cans.
Two public equity offerings which closed during the year ended December 31, 2020, provided the Company with funds for working capital and general corporate purposes. These funds enabled us to initiate the implementation of our 2020 strategy that included driving growth while strategically reducing operating costs.
The Company remains focused on driving sales growth and improving margin. The sales growth focus is on channel expansion, new product introduction and improved sales execution. The margin enhancement initiative is driven by co-packer upgrades, better leveraged purchasing and improved efficiency. Underpinning these initiatives is a focus on strategically reducing operating costs.
COVID-19 Considerations
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material net impact on our operating results. In the future, the pandemic may cause reduced demand for our products if, for example, the pandemic results in a recessionary economic environment which negatively effects the consumers who purchase our products. Based on the recent increase in demand for our products, we believe that over the long term, there will continue to be strong demand for our products.
Our ability to operate without significant negative operational impact from the COVID-19 pandemic will in part depend on our ability to protect our employees and our supply chain. The Company has endeavored to follow the recommended actions of government and health authorities to protect our employees. Since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic and through the year ended December 31, 2020, we maintained the consistency of our operations during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will continue to innovate in managing our business, coordinating with our employees and suppliers to do our part in the infection prevention and remain flexible in responding to our customers and suppliers. However, the uncertainty resulting from the pandemic could result in an unforeseen disruption to our workforce and supply chain (for example an inability of a key supplier or transportation supplier to source and transport materials) that could negatively impact our operations.
Through December 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has not negatively impacted the Company’s liquidity position as of such date. Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2020 were up 23% from the prior year period. Through December 31, 2020, we continue to generate cash flows to meet our short-term liquidity needs, and we expect to maintain access to the capital markets. We have also not observed any material impairments of our assets or a significant change in the fair value of our assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
For additional information on risk factors related to the pandemic or other risks that could impact our results, please refer to “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
Results of Operations - Year Ended December 31, 2020
The following table sets forth key statistics for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, in thousands:
Year Ended December 31, Pct.
Change
Gross sales (A) $ 46,801 $ 39,300 19 %
Less: Promotional and other allowances (B) 5,186 5,480 -5 %
Net sales $ 41,615 $ 33,820 23 %
Cost of goods produced (C) 28,849 25,635 13 %
% of Gross sales 62 % 65 %
% of Net sales 69 % 76 %
Cost of goods sold - idle capacity (D) - -100 %
% of Net sales - % 1 %
Gross profit $ 12,766 $ 7,876 62 %
% of Net sales 31 % 23 %
Expenses
Delivery and handling $ 6,856 $ 5,993 14 %
% of Net sales 16 % 18 %
Dollar per case ($) 2.76 2.83
Selling and marketing 7,503 9,188 -18 %
% of Net sales 18 % 27 %
General and administrative 7,023 7,551 -7 %
% of Net sales 17 % 22 %
Total Operating expenses 21,382 22,732 -6 %
Loss from operations $ (8,616 ) $ (14,856 ) -42 %
Interest expense and other expense $ (1,561 ) $ (1,256 ) 24 %
Net loss $ (10,177 ) $ (16,112 ) -37 %
Loss per share - basic and diluted $ (0.17 ) $ (0.46 ) -63 %
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic & diluted 60,644,842 35,058,004 73 %
(A) Gross sales are used internally by management as an indicator of and to monitor operating performance, including sales performance of particular products, salesperson performance, product growth or declines and overall Company performance. The use of gross sales allows evaluation of sales performance before the effect of any promotional items, which can mask certain performance issues. We therefore believe that the presentation of gross sales provides a useful measure of our operating performance. Gross sales are not a measure that is recognized under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net sales, which is determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be used alone as an indicator of operating performance in place of net sales. Additionally, gross sales may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies, as gross sales have been defined by our internal reporting practices. In addition, gross sales may not be realized in the form of cash receipts as promotional payments and allowances may be deducted from payments received from certain customers.
(B) Although the expenditures described in this line item are determined in accordance with GAAP and meet GAAP requirements, the disclosure thereof does not conform to GAAP presentation requirements. Additionally, our definition of promotional and other allowances may not be comparable to similar items presented by other companies. Promotional and other allowances primarily include consideration given to the Company’s distributors or retail customers including, but not limited to the following: (i) reimbursements given to the Company’s distributors for agreed portions of their promotional spend with retailers, including slotting, shelf space allowances and other fees for both new and existing products; (ii) the Company’s agreed share of fees given to distributors and/or directly to retailers for in-store marketing and promotional activities; (iii) the Company’s agreed share of slotting, shelf space allowances and other fees given directly to retailers; (iv) incentives given to the Company’s distributors and/or retailers for achieving or exceeding certain predetermined sales goals; and (v) discounted or free products. The presentation of promotional and other allowances facilitates an evaluation of their impact on the determination of net sales and the spending levels incurred or correlated with such sales. Promotional and other allowances constitute a material portion of our marketing activities. The Company’s promotional allowance programs with its numerous distributors and/or retailers are executed through separate agreements in the ordinary course of business. These agreements generally provide for one or more of the arrangements described above and are of varying durations, ranging from one week to one year.
(C) Cost of goods produced: Cost of goods produced consists of the costs of raw materials and packaging utilized in the manufacture of products, co-packing fees, repacking fees, in-bound freight charges, inventory adjustments, as well as certain internal transfer costs. Cost of goods produced is used internally by management to measure the direct costs of goods sold, aside from unallocated plant costs. Cost of goods produced is not a measure that is recognized under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to cost of goods sold, which is determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be used alone as an indicator of operating performance in place of cost of goods sold.
(D) Cost of goods sold - idle capacity: Cost of goods sold - idle capacity consists of direct production costs in excess of charges allocated to our finished goods in production. Plant costs in excess of production allocations are expensed in the period incurred rather than added to the cost of finished goods produced. Plant costs include labor costs, production supplies, repairs and maintenance, and inventory write-off. Our charges for labor and overhead allocated to our finished goods are determined on a market cost basis, which is lower than our actual costs incurred. Cost of goods sold - idle capacity is not a measure that is recognized under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to cost of goods sold, which is determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be used alone as an indicator of operating performance in place of cost of goods sold.
Sales, Cost of Sales, and Gross Margins
The following chart sets forth key statistics for the transition of the Company’s top line activity through the years ended December 31, 2020.
Total Total
Per Case Per Case
vs PY vs PY
Cases:
Reed’s 1,254 29 %
Virgil’s 1,204 1,083 11 %
Total Core 2,458 2,053 20 %
Non Core -94 %
Candy -24 %
Total 2,486 2,120 17 %
Gross Sales:
Core $ 45,324 $ 37,769 20 % $ 18.4 $ 18.4 0 %
Non Core -1 % 278.0 16.9 1,548 %
Candy -5 % 35.4 28.6 24 %
Total $ 46,801 $ 39,300 19 % 18.8 18.5 2 %
Discounts: Total $ (5,186 ) $ (5,480 ) -5 % $ (2.1 ) $ (2.6 ) -19 %
COGS:
Core $ (28,139 ) $ (24,286 ) 16 % $ (11.4 ) $ (11.8 ) -3 %
Non Core (110 ) (678 ) -84 % (55.0 ) $ (20.5 ) 168 %
Candy (600 ) (671 ) -11 % (23.1 ) $ (19.8 ) 16 %
Idle Plant - (309 ) -100 % - (0.1 ) -100 %
Total $ (28,849 ) $ (25,944 ) 11 % $ (11.6 ) $ (12.2 ) -5 %
Gross Margin: $ 12,766 $ 7,876 62 % $ 5.1 $ 3.7 38 %
as % Net Sales 31 % 23 %
As part of the Company’s ongoing initiative to simplify and streamline operations by reducing the number of SKUs, the Company has identified core products on which to place its strategic focus. These core products consist of Reed’s and Virgil’s branded beverages. Beginning in 2020, our Wellness Shots are captured in Non-core products. Non-core products for 2019 consist primarily of slower selling discontinued Reed’s and Virgil’s SKUs.
As a result of our decision to focus on the core Reed’s and Virgil’s beverage brands and simplify operations by reducing the overall number of SKUs that we offer, the Company’s core beverage volume for the year ended December 31, 2020, represents 98% of all beverage volume.
Sales
Core brand gross revenue increased by 20% to $45,324 compared to the same period last year, driven by Reed’s volume growth of 29%. The result is an increase in total gross revenue of 19%, to $46,801 in the year ended December 31, 2020, from $39,300 during the same period last year. Price on our core brands remained flat from the prior year, while volume grew 20% as compared to the same period last year.
Discounts as a percentage of gross sales decreased to 11% from 14% in the same period last year. As a result, net sales revenue grew 23% in the year ended December 31, 2020 to $41,615, compared to $33,820 in the same period last year.
Cost of Goods Sold and Produced
Cost of goods sold increased $2,905 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period last year. As a percentage of net sales, cost of goods sold in the year ended December 31, 2020 improved to 69% as compared to 77% for the same period last year.
The total cost of goods per case decreased to $11.60 per case in the year ended December 31, 2020 from $12.24 per case for the same period last year. The cost of goods sold per case on core brands was $11.45 during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $11.83 for the same period last year. Improvements in COGS have been driven by cost savings initiatives on core brands.
Gross Margin
Gross margin increased to 31% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 23% for the same period last year. The improvements in gross margin have been driven by reduced discount spend and cost savings initiatives.
Operating Expenses
Delivery and Handling Expenses
Delivery and handling expenses consist of delivery costs to customers and warehousing costs incurred for handling our finished goods after production. Delivery and handling expenses increased by $863 in the year ended December 31, 2020 to $6,856 from $5,993 in the same period last year, driven by increased volumes. Delivery costs in the year ended December 31, 2020 were 16% of net sales and $2.76 per case, compared to 18% of net sales and $2.83 per case during the same period last year. The improvement was driven by a reduction in cross country shipments but this savings was negatively impacted by increasing freight rates due to Covid-19.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Marketing expenses consist of direct marketing, marketing labor, and marketing support costs. Selling expenses consist of all other selling-related expenses including personnel and contractor support.
Total selling and marketing expenses were $7,503 during the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $9,188 during the same period last year. As a percentage of net sales, selling and marketing costs decreased to 18% during the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to 27% during the same period last year. The decrease was driven by the lapping of the “Fooled Your Mom” campaign from 2019, and reduced expenditures on trade shows and sponsorships, partially offset by an increase in stock compensation and market research.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the cost of executive, administrative, and finance personnel, as well as professional fees. General and administrative expenses decreased in the year ended December 31, 2020 to $7,023 from $7,551, a decrease of $528 over the same period last year. The decrease was driven by a $638 decrease in severance expense, and a $147 decrease in professional and consulting fees, partially offset by a $76 increase in stock option expense and $181 increase in other general and administrative expenses.
Loss from Operations
The loss from operations was $8,616 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to a loss of $14,856 in the same period last year driven by increased gross profit and reductions in operating expenses discussed above.
Interest and Other Expense
Interest and other expense for the year ended December 31, 2020, consisted of $262 loss on extinguishment of debt, $1,307 of interest expense offset by the change in fair value of our warrant liability of $8. During the same period last year, interest and other expense consisted of $1,286 of interest expense offset by the change in fair value of our warrant liability of $30.
Modified EBITDA
In addition to our GAAP results, we present Modified EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance. However, Modified EBITDA is not a recognized measurement under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, income from operations or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. We define Modified EBITDA as net income (loss), plus interest expense, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, changes in fair value of warrant expense, and one-time restructuring-related costs including employee severance and asset impairment.
Management considers our core operating performance to be that which our managers can affect in any particular period through their management of the resources that affect our underlying revenue and profit generating operations during that period. Non-GAAP adjustments to our results prepared in accordance with GAAP are itemized below. You are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons we consider them appropriate for supplemental analysis. In evaluating Modified EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in this presentation. Our presentation of Modified EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.
Set forth below is a reconciliation of net loss to Modified EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Net loss
$ (10,177 )
$ (16,112 )
Modified EBITDA adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization
Interest expense
1,307
1,286
Stock option and other noncash compensation
1,592
1,296
Loss on extinguishment of debt
-
Change in fair value of warrant liability
(8 )
(30 )
Impairment and severance costs
Total EBITDA adjustments
$ 3,362
$ 3,347
Modified EBITDA
$ (6,815 )
$ (12,765 )
We present Modified EBITDA because we believe it assists investors and analysts in comparing our performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. In addition, we use Modified EBITDA in developing our internal budgets, forecasts and strategic plan; in analyzing the effectiveness of our business strategies in evaluating potential acquisitions; making compensation decisions; and in communications with our board of directors concerning our financial performance. Modified EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, which includes, among others, the following:
● Modified EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
● Modified EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
● Modified EBITDA does not reflect future interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debts; and
●
Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Modified EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. Such assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net loss of $10,177 and used cash in operations of $9,496. As of December 31, 2020, we had a cash balance of $595 with borrowing capacity of $5,166, stockholders’ equity of $10,404 and a working capital of $9,528, compared to a cash balance of $913, stockholders’ equity of $1,147 and working capital of $4,885 at December 31, 2019. Notwithstanding the loss for 2020, management projects adequate cash from operations and available line of credit in 2021 to ensure continuation of the Company as a going concern.
In April 2020, the Company conducted a public offering of 15,333,334 shares of its common shares at a public offering price of $0.375 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering are $5,310, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
In November 2020, the Company conducted a public offering of 21,562,500 shares of its common shares at a public offering price of $0.523 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering are $11,254, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
Historically, we have financed our operations through public and private sales of common stock, issuance of preferred and common stock, convertible debt instruments, term loans and credit lines from financial institutions, and cash generated from operations. We have taken decisive action to improve our margins, including fully outsourcing our manufacturing process, streamlining our product portfolio, negotiating improved vendor contracts and restructuring our selling prices.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Use of Estimates and Assumptions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Those estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserves of uncollectible accounts receivables, assumptions used in valuing inventories at net realizable value, impairment testing of recorded long-term tangible and intangible assets, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities, assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services, and assumptions used in valuing warrant liabilities, and assumptions used in the determination of the Company’s liquidity.
Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amounts. The Company evaluates the collectability of its trade accounts receivable based on a number of factors. In circumstances where the Company becomes aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company, a specific reserve for bad debts is estimated and recorded, which reduces the recognized receivable to the estimated amount the Company believes will ultimately be collected. In addition to specific customer identification of potential bad debts, bad debt charges are recorded based on the Company’s historical losses and an overall assessment of past due trade accounts receivable outstanding.
Inventory. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We regularly review our inventory quantities on hand and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand and our ability to sell the product(s) concerned. Demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. Factors that could affect demand for our products include unanticipated changes in consumer preferences, general market conditions or other factors, which may result in cancellations of advance orders or a reduction in the rate of reorders placed by customers. Additionally, our management’s estimates of future product demand may be inaccurate, which could result in an understated or overstated provision required for excess and obsolete inventory.
Revenue Recognition. Revenue and costs of sales are recognized when control of the products transfers to our customer, which generally occurs upon shipment from our facilities. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at that time. The Company does not have any significant contracts with customers requiring performance beyond delivery, and contracts with customers contain no incentives or discounts that could cause revenue to be allocated or adjusted over time. Shipping and handling activities are performed before the customer obtains control of the goods and therefore represent a fulfillment activity rather than a promised service to the customer.
Stock Compensation Expense. The Company periodically issues stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. The Company recognizes the fair value of stock-based compensation within its Statements of Operations with classification depending on the nature of the services rendered.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 of the financial statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
As a smaller reporting company, Reed’s is not required to provide the information required by this Item 7A.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Financial Statements:
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Notes to Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Reed’s, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Reed’s, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Inventory Reserves
As described in Notes 2 and 3 to the financial statements, the Company’s inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined on first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company also determines a reserve for slow moving and potentially obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated net realizable value of the inventory based on estimated reserve percentages, which consider historical usage, known trends, inventory age, and market conditions. At December 31, 2020, the balance of inventory and inventory reserves were $11.3 million and $0.2, respectively
We identified the reserve for slow moving and potentially obsolete inventory as a critical audit matter, because of the significant judgment by management in estimating the slow moving and potentially obsolete inventory reserve, and the high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used in developing the reserve.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
● We evaluated the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management including those related to forecasted inventory usage by considering historic sales activity and sales forecast
● We tested the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of the underlying data used in management’s estimates of slow-moving and potentially obsolete inventory.
● We tested the calculations and application of management’s methodologies related to the valuation estimates of slow-moving and potentially obsolete inventory.
● We developed an independent expectation of the excess and potentially obsolete inventory reserve using historic inventory activity and compared our independent expectation to the amount recorded in the financial statements.
● We evaluated management’s ability to accurately estimate the reserve by comparing actual write-off activity in the current year to the excess and potentially obsolete reserve estimated by the Company in the prior year.
● We tested inventory write-off activity subsequent to December 31, 2020 to discern whether there were any indications that the reserve for excess and potentially obsolete inventory may be understated.
Evaluation of Liquidity
As described in Note 1 to the financial statements, Management believes, based on the Company’s operating plan, that projected cash from operations and available line of credit financing is sufficient to fund operations for at least one year from the date the Company’s December 31, 2020, financial statements are issued.
We identified management’s evaluation of the Company’s liquidity as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments required by management in developing assumptions in preparing the Company’s forecasted cash flows. Addressing the matter involved especially challenging auditor judgment and effort in performing procedures and evaluating evidence supporting management’s funding requirements.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
● Consideration of positive and negative evidence impacting management’s forecasts, including market and industry trends.
● Consideration of the Company’s historical ability to raise capital.
● Testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used by management in preparing the forecasted cash flows by comparison to prior period forecasts to actual results.
● Evaluating the sufficiency of the Company’s liquidity disclosure.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.
/s/ Weinberg & Company, P.A.
Los Angeles, California
March 30, 2021
REED’S INC.
BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash $ 595 $ 913
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $234 and $375, respectively 4,718 2,099
Receivable from related party
Inventory, net of reserve for obsolescence of $194 and $646, respectively 11,119 10,508
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,341
Total current assets 18,455 14,296
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $361 and $482, respectively 1,053
Equipment held for sale, net of impairment reserves of $96 and $96, respectively
Intangible assets
Total assets $ 20,057 $ 15,992
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 6,746 $ 5,357
Payable to related party
Accrued expenses
Revolving line of credit - 3,177
Current portion of note payable -
Current portion of lease liabilities
Total current liabilities 8,927 9,411
Lease liabilities, less current portion
Note payable, less current portion
Convertible note to a related party - 4,689
Warrant liability -
Total liabilities 9,653 14,845
Stockholders’ equity:
Series A Convertible Preferred stock, $10 par value, 500,000 shares authorized, 9,411 shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $.0001 par value, 120,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized, respectively; 86,317,096 and 47,595,206 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Additional paid in capital 97,031 77,596
Accumulated deficit (86,730 ) (76,548 )
Total stockholders’ equity 10,404 1,147
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 20,057 $ 15,992
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
REED’S, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31,
Net Sales $ 41,615 $ 33,820
Cost of goods sold 28,849 25,944
Gross profit 12,766 7,876
Operating expenses:
Delivery and handling expense 6,856 5,993
Selling and marketing expense 7,503 9,188
General and administrative expense 7,023 7,551
Total operating expenses 21,382 22,732
Loss from operations (8,616 ) (14,856 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt (262 ) -
Interest expense (1,307 ) (1,286 )
Change in fair value of warrant liability
Net loss (10,177 ) (16,112 )
Dividends on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (5 ) (5 )
Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (10,182 ) $ (16,117 )
Loss per share - basic and diluted $ (0.17 ) $ (0.46 )
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic and diluted 60,644,842 35,058,004
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
REED’S, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands except share amounts)
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Total
Common Stock Preferred Stock Additional Paid In Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit (Deficit)
Balance, December 31, 2018 25,729,461 $ 3 9,411 $ 94 $ 53,591 $ (60,431 ) $ (6,743 )
Fair value of vested options - - - - -
Fair value of vested restricted shares granted to Directors for services 46,035 - - - -
Fair value of vested restricted shares granted to a former officer for services 442,002 - - - -
Fair value of vested restricted shares granted to Directors and officers for services
Fair value of vested restricted shares granted to Directors and officers for services, shares
Dividends on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 4,254 - - - (5 ) -
Common shares issued pursuant to the rights offerings, net of offering costs 21,150,417 - - 22,339 - 22,341
Exercise of warrants 223,037 - - - -
Fair value of warrants issued on extinguishment of debt
Common shares issued on conversion of note payable
Common shares issued on conversion of note payable, shares
Exercise of options
Exercise of options, shares
Net Loss - - - - - (16,112 ) (16,112 )
Balance, December 31, 2019 47,595,206 9,411 77,596 (76,548 ) 1,147
Balance, December 31, 2019 47,595,206 9,411 77,596 (76,548) 1,147
Fair value of vested options - - - - 1,176 - 1,176
Fair value of vested restricted shares granted to Directors and officers for services 444,740 - - - -
Fair value of warrants issued on extinguishment of debt - - - - -
Dividends on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 4,530 - - - (5 ) -
Common shares issued pursuant to the rights offerings, net of offering costs 36,895,834 - - 16,560 - 16,564
Common shares issued on conversion of note payable 1,339,286
Exercise of options 37,500 - - - -
Net Loss - - - - - (10,177 ) (10,177 )
Balance, December 31, 2020 86,317,096 $ 9 9,411 $ 94 $ 97,031 $ (86,730 ) $ 10,404
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
REED’S, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss
$ (10,177 )
$ (16,112 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation
Gain on sale of property & equipment
-
(45 )
Loss on termination of leases
-
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Amortization of debt discount
Amortization of right of use assets
Fair value of vested options
1,176
Fair value of vested restricted shares granted to directors and officers for services
Decrease in accounts receivable allowance
(141 )
(248 )
Increase (decrease) in inventory reserve
(452 )
Decrease in fair value of warrant liability
(8 )
(30 )
Accrual of interest on convertible note to a related party
Lease liability
(28 )
-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
(2,478 )
Inventory
(159 )
(3,575 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(759 )
(645 )
Accounts payable
1,390
(182 )
Accrued expenses
(837 )
Net cash used in operating activities
(9,496 )
(18,161 )
Cash flows from investing activities:
Intangible asset trademark costs
(39 )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
-
Purchase of property and equipment
(122 )
(322 )
Net cash used in investing activities
(161 )
(277 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under revolving line of credit
50,975
54,831
Repayments of revolving line of credit
(54,636 )
(58,827 )
Capitalization of financing costs
(130 )
(130 )
Proceeds from loan payable
-
Amounts from related party
Repayment of convertible note payable
(4,250 )
-
Principal repayments on finance lease obligation
(22 )
(48 )
Exercise of options
-
Exercise of warrants
-
Proceeds from sale of common stock
16,564
22,341
Net cash provided by financing activities
9,339
18,727
Net increase (decrease) in cash
(318 )
Cash at beginning of period
Cash at end of period
$
$
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest
$ 1,740
$
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Offset accounts receivable related party and accounts payable related party
$
$ -
Dividends on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
$
$
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
REED’S, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
1. Operations and Liquidity
Reed’s Inc. (the “Company”) is the owner and maker of both Reed Craft Ginger Beer and Reed’s Real Ginger Ale and Virgil’s Handcrafted Sodas. Established in 1989, Reed’s is America’s best-selling Ginger Beer brand and has been the leader and innovator in the ginger beer category for decades. Virgil’s is America’s best-selling independent, full line of natural craft sodas. The Reed’s Inc. portfolio is sold in over 40,000 retail stores nationwide. Reed’s Ginger Beers are unique due to the proprietary process of using fresh ginger root combined with a Jamaican inspired recipe of natural spices and fruit juices. Reed’s uses this same handcrafted approach in its Reed’s Real Ginger Ale and Virgil’s line of great tasting, bold flavored craft sodas, including its award-winning Virgil’s Root Beer.
COVID-19 Considerations
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material net impact on our operating results. In the future, the pandemic may cause reduced demand for our products if, for example, the pandemic results in a recessionary economic environment which negatively effects the consumers who purchase our products. Based on the recent increase in demand for our products, we believe that over the long term, there will continue to be strong demand for our products.
Our ability to operate without significant negative operational impact from the COVID-19 pandemic will in part depend on our ability to protect our employees and our supply chain. The Company has endeavored to follow the recommended actions of government and health authorities to protect our employees. Since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic and through the year ended December 31, 2020, we maintained the consistency of our operations during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will continue to innovate in managing our business, coordinating with our employees and suppliers to do our part in the infection prevention and remain flexible in responding to our customers and suppliers. However, the uncertainty resulting from the pandemic could result in an unforeseen disruption to our workforce and supply chain (for example an inability of a key supplier or transportation supplier to source and transport materials) that could negatively impact our operations.
Through December 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has not negatively impacted the Company’s liquidity position as of such date. Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2020 were up 23% from the prior year period. Through December 31, 2020, we continue to generate cash flows to meet our short-term liquidity needs, and we expect to maintain access to the capital markets. We have also not observed any material impairments of our assets or a significant change in the fair value of our assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Liquidity
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. Such assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net loss of $10,177 and used cash in operations of $9,496. As of December 31, 2020, we had a cash balance of $595 with borrowing capacity of $5,166, stockholders’ equity of $10,404 and a working capital of $9,528. Notwithstanding the net loss for 2020, management projects adequate cash from operations and available line of credit in 2021 to ensure continuation of the Company as a going concern for at least one year from the date the Company’s 2020 financial statements are issued.
During 2020, the Company conducted public offerings and sold 36.9 million of its common shares and received net proceeds of $16,564 (see Note 11).
Historically, we have financed our operations through public and private sales of common stock, issuance of preferred and common stock, convertible debt instruments, term loans and credit lines from financial institutions, and cash generated from operations. We have taken decisive action to improve our margins, including fully outsourcing our manufacturing process, streamlining our product portfolio, negotiating improved vendor contracts and restructuring our selling prices.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Those estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserves of uncollectible accounts receivables, assumptions used in valuing inventories at net realizable value, impairment testing of recorded long-term tangible and intangible assets, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities, assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services, and assumptions used in valuing warrant liabilities, and assumptions used in the determination of the Company’s liquidity.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are generally recorded at the invoiced amounts net of an allowance for expected losses. The Company evaluates the collectability of its trade accounts receivable based on a number of factors. In circumstances where the Company becomes aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company, a specific reserve for bad debts is estimated and recorded, which reduces the recognized receivable to the estimated amount the Company believes will ultimately be collected. In addition to specific customer identification of potential bad debts, bad debt charges are recorded based on the Company’s historical losses and an overall assessment of past due trade accounts receivable outstanding.
The allowance for accounts receivable is established through a provision reducing the carrying value of receivables. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the allowance was $234 and $375, respectively.
Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. We regularly review our inventory quantities on hand and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand and our ability to sell the product(s) concerned. Demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. Factors that could affect demand for our products include unanticipated changes in consumer preferences, general market conditions or other factors, which may result in cancellations of advance orders or a reduction in the rate of reorders placed by customers. Additionally, our management’s estimates of future product demand may be inaccurate, which could result in an understated or overstated provision required for excess and obsolete inventory. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the reserve for inventory obsolescence aggregated $194 and $646, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property and equipment or increase production capacity are capitalized, and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is calculated using accelerated and straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of Property and Equipment and Related Depreciation
Property and Equipment Type
Years of Depreciation
Computer hardware and software
3-7 years
Machinery and equipment
years
Management assesses the carrying value of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If there is indication of impairment, management prepares an estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized to write down the asset to its estimated fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company determined there were no indicators of impairment of its property and equipment.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are comprised of indefinite-lived brand names acquired, so classified because we anticipate that these brand names will contribute cash flows to the Company perpetually. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that assets might be impaired, and evaluated annually to determine whether the indefinite useful life is appropriate. As part of our impairment test, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not the asset is impaired. If further testing is necessary, we compare the estimated fair value of our asset with its book value. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value, as determined by its discounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company determined there was no impairment of its indefinite-lived brand names.
Warrant Liabilities
Various stock sales made by the Company to finance operations have been accompanied by the issuance of warrants. Some of these warrant agreements contain fundamental transaction provisions which may give rise to an obligation of the Company to pay cash to the warrant holders in the event that a fundamental transaction occurs (such as a merger or change in control of the Company) and such cash payment is elected by the holder. For accounting purposes, in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, those warrants with fundamental transaction terms are accounted for as liabilities given the terms may give rise to an obligation of the Company to the warrant holders. These liabilities are measured at fair value at each reporting period and the change in the fair value is recognized in earnings in the accompanying Statements of Operations.
Fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model could materially affect the amount of expense recorded in future periods.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at the amount expected to be collected. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contract(s), which include (1) identifying the contract or agreement with a customer, (2) identifying our performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.
Revenue and costs of sales are recognized when control of the products transfers to our customer, which generally occurs upon shipment from our facilities. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at that time. The Company does not have any significant contracts with customers requiring performance beyond delivery, and contracts with customers contain no incentives or discounts that could cause revenue to be allocated or adjusted over time. Shipping and handling activities are performed before the customer obtains control of the goods and therefore represent a fulfillment activity rather than a promised service to the customer.
All of the Company’s products are offered for sale as finished goods only, and there are no performance obligations required post-shipment for customers to derive the expected value from them.
The Company does not allow for returns, except for damaged products when the damage occurred pre-fulfillment. Damaged product returns have historically been insignificant. Because of this, the stand-alone nature of our products, and our assessment of performance obligations and transaction pricing for our sales contracts, we do not currently maintain a contract asset or liability balance for obligations. We assess our contracts and the reasonableness of our conclusions on a quarterly basis.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold is comprised of the costs of raw materials and packaging utilized in the manufacture of products, co-packing fees, repacking fees, in-bound freight charges, as well as certain internal transfer costs. Additionally, cost of goods sold includes direct production costs in excess of charges allocated to finished goods in production. Plant costs include labor costs, production supplies, repairs and maintenance, depreciation, direct inventory write-off charges and adjustments to the inventory reserve. Charges for labor and overhead allocated to finished goods are determined on a market cost basis, which may be lower than the actual costs incurred. Plant costs in excess of production allocations are expensed in the period incurred rather than added to the cost of finished goods produced. Expenses not related to the production of our products are classified as operating expenses.
Delivery and Handling Expense
Shipping and handling costs are comprised of purchasing and receiving, inspection, warehousing, transfer freight, and other costs associated with product distribution after manufacture and are included as part of operating expenses.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling and marketing expense. Advertising costs aggregated $1,518 and $2,570 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Stock Compensation Expense
The Company periodically issues stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The Company recognizes the fair value of stock-based compensation within its Statements of Operations with classification depending on the nature of the services rendered.
The fair value of the Company’s stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods.
Income Taxes
The Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting and reporting for income taxes that allows recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
Loss per Common Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential common shares had been issued, using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares are excluded from the computation when their effect is antidilutive.
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because potential dilutive securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The potentially dilutive securities consisted of the following:
Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities
December 31,
December 31,
Convertible note to a related party - 2,266,667
Warrants 3,362,241 6,413,782
Common stock equivalent of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 37,644 37,644
Unvested restricted common stock 150,000 -
Options 9,417,898 3,265,580
Total 12,967,783 11,983,673
The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into Common shares at the rate of 1:4.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company uses various inputs in determining the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value are categorized by the level of subjectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Accounting Standards Codification Section 820 defines the following levels of subjectivity associated with the inputs:
Level 1-Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2-Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.
Level 3-Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions.
The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term bank loans, accounts payable, notes payable and other payables, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying values of capital lease obligations and long-term financing obligations approximate their fair values because interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.
As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Company’s balance sheets included Level 2 liabilities comprised of the fair value of warrant liabilities aggregating $0 and $8, respectively (see Note 10).
Segments
The Company operates in one segment for the manufacture and distribution of our products. In accordance with the “Segment Reporting” Topic of the ASC, the Company’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer and President, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. Existing guidance, which is based on a management approach to segment reporting, establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products and services, major customers, and the countries in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. All material operating units qualify for aggregation under “Segment Reporting” due to their similar customer base and similarities in: economic characteristics; nature of products and services; and procurement, manufacturing and distribution processes. Since the Company operates in one segment, all financial information required by “Segment Reporting” can be found in the accompanying financial statements.
Concentrations
The Company’s cash balances on deposit with banks are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to $250. Generally, the Company’s policy is to minimize borrowing costs by immediately applying cash receipts to borrowings against its credit facility. From time to time, however, the Company may be exposed to risk for the amounts of funds held in bank accounts in excess of the FDIC limit. To minimize the risk, the Company’s policy is to maintain cash balances with high quality financial institutions.
Gross sales. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s largest two customers accounted for 25% and 12% of gross sales, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s largest two customers accounted for 12% and 11% of gross sales, respectively.
Accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had accounts receivable from one customer which comprised 23% of its gross accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had accounts receivable from one customer which comprised 14% of its gross accounts receivable.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, the Company utilized six and four, respectively, separate, co-packers for most its production and bottling of beverage products in the United States. With the December 31, 2018 sale of its manufacturing plant, the Company no longer conducts a manufacturing operation, accordingly it utilizes co-packers to produce 100% of its products as of those dates. The Company has long-standing relationships with two different co-packers, and in conjunction with the sale of its manufacturing plant we entered into a third co-packing agreement with California Custom Beverage LLC (“CCB”), the purchaser of the plant (see Note 15). CCB is 100% owned by Chris Reed, founder of the Company and current Chief Information Officer and director. Although there are other packers, a change in co-packers may cause a delay in the production process, which could ultimately affect operating results.
Purchases from vendors. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s largest two vendors accounted for approximately 12% and 11% of all purchases, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s largest three vendors accounted for approximately 12%, 11%, and 10% of all purchases, respectively.
Accounts payable. As of December 31, 20120 the Company’s largest two vendors accounted for 12% and 10% of the total accounts payable, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s largest three vendors accounted for 19%, 15% and 14% of the total accounts payable, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires entities to use a forward-looking approach based on current expected credit losses (“CECL”) to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. This may result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe the potential impact of the new guidance and related codification improvements will be material to its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 (“ASU 2020-06”) “Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity.” ASU 2020-06 will simplify the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. Limiting the accounting models will result in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract as compared with current GAAP. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with embedded conversion features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, that meet the definition of a derivative, and that do not qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting and (2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in capital. ASU 2020-06 also amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions. ASU 2020-06 will be effective for the Company January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than January 1, 2021, including interim periods within that year. Management is currently evaluating the effect of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on the financial statements, but currently does not believe ASU 2020-06 will have a significant impact on the Company’s accounting for its convertible debt instruments. The effect will largely depend on the composition and terms of the financial instruments at the time of adoption.
Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.
3. Inventory
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, and net of reserves is comprised of the following (in thousands):
Schedule of Inventory
December 31,
December 31,
Raw materials and packaging $ 6,793 $ 4,261
Finished products 4,326 6,247
Total $ 11,119 $ 10,508
The Company has recorded a reserve for slow moving and potentially obsolete inventory. The reserve at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $194 and $646, respectively.
4. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is comprised of the following (in thousands):
Schedule of Property and Equipment
December 31,
December 31,
Right-of-use assets under operating leases $ 724 $ 730
Right-of-use assets under finance leases
Computer hardware and software
Machinery and equipment
Total cost 1,281 1,535
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (361 ) (482 )
Net book value $ 920 $ 1,053
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $88 and $24, respectively, and amortization of right-of-use assets for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $116 and $91, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company disposed of right-of-use assets under finance leases with a net book value of $51 and terminated $51 of related finance leases (see Note 9). Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reclassified $6 of right-of-use assets under operating leases to right-of-use assets under finance leases and disposed of fully depreciated computer hardware and software of $244 with zero net book value.
Equipment held for sale consists of the following (in thousands):
Schedule of Equipment Held for Sale
December 31,
December 31,
Equipment held for sale $ 163 $ 163
Reserve (96 ) (96 )
Net book value $ 67 $ 67
The balance as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 consists of residual manufacturing equipment, at estimated net realizable value, which management anticipates selling during 2021.
5. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are comprised of brand names acquired, specifically Virgil’s, and costs related to trademarks. They have been assigned an indefinite life, as we currently anticipate that they will contribute cash flows to the Company perpetually. These indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are assessed for impairment annually and evaluated annually to determine whether the indefinite useful life remains appropriate. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. If further testing is necessary, we compare the estimated fair value of our asset with its book value. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value, as determined by the discounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Based on management’s assessment, there were no indications of impairment at December 31, 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company capitalized costs of $39 pertaining to legal and other fees incurred in applying for international trademarks for Reeds and Virgil’s brands.
Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
Summary of Intangible Assets
December 31,
December 31,
Brand names $ 576 $ 576
Trademarks -
Total $ 615 $ 576
6. Line of Credit
Amounts outstanding under the Company’s credit facilities are as follows (in thousands):
Schedule of Amount Outstanding Under Credit Facilities
December 31,
December 31,
Line of Credit $ - $ 3,661
Capitalized finance costs - (484 )
Net balance $ - $ 3,177
On October 4, 2018, the Company entered into a financing agreement with Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. The financing agreement provides a maximum borrowing capacity of $13,000. Borrowings are based on a formula of eligible accounts receivable and inventories (the “permitted borrowings”) plus advances (an “over-advance” of up to $4,000) in excess of permitted borrowings. At December 31, 2020, the unused borrowing capacity under the financing agreement was $5,166. The line of credit matures on March 30, 2021, with automatic yearly renewals thereafter until terminated.
Borrowings under the Rosenthal financing agreement bear interest at the greater of prime or 4.75%, plus an additional 2.0% to 3.5% depending on whether the borrowing is based upon receivables, inventory or is an over-advance. Additionally, the line of credit is subject to monthly facility and administration fees, and aggregate minimum monthly fees (including interest) of $4.
The line of credit is secured by substantially all of the assets, excluding intellectual property, of the Company. The over-advance is secured by all of Reed’s intellectual property collateral. Additionally, any over-advance is guaranteed by an irrevocable stand-by letter of credit in the amount of $1,500, issued by Daniel J. Doherty III and the Daniel J. Doherty, III 2002 Family Trust, affiliates of Raptor/Harbor Reeds SPV LLC (“Raptor”). As of December 31, 2020, Raptor beneficially owns 7.4% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. In the event of a default under the financing agreement, Raptor has a put option to purchase from Rosenthal the entire amount of any outstanding over-advance plus accrued interest, prior to Rosenthal declaring an event of default under the financing agreement.
The financing agreement with Rosenthal includes customary restrictions that limit our ability to engage in certain types of transactions, including our ability to utilize tangible and intangible assets as collateral for other indebtedness. Additionally, the agreement contains a financial covenant that requires us to meet certain minimum working capital and tangible net worth thresholds as of the end of each quarter. We were in compliance with the terms of our agreement with Rosenthal as of December 31, 2020.
The Company annually incurs an additional $130 of fees from the bank, which is equal to 1% of the $13,000 borrowing limit. These costs have been capitalized and recorded as a debt discount and are amortized over the remaining life of the Rosenthal agreement. Amortization of debt discount was $452 and $323 for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. On December 31, 2020, the remaining unamortized debt discount of $162 is included in prepaid expense and other current assets on the balance sheet.
7. Convertible Note to a Related Party
The Convertible Note to a Related Party consists of the following (in thousands):
Schedule of Convertible Notes
December 31,
December 31,
12% Convertible Note Payable $ - $ 3,400
Accrued Interest - 1,289
Total obligation $ - $ 4,689
On April 21, 2017, pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued a secured, convertible, subordinated, non-redeemable note in the principal amount of $3,400 (the “Raptor Note”) and warrants to purchase 1,416,667 shares of common stock.
The Raptor Note bears interest at a rate of 12% per annum, compounded monthly. It is secured by the Company’s assets, subordinate to the first priority security interest of Rosenthal & Rosenthal (see Note 6). The note may not be prepaid and matures on April 21, 2021. It may be converted, at any time and from time to time, into shares of common stock of the Company, at a revised conversion price of $1.50.
The warrant will expire on April 21, 2022 and has an adjusted exercise price of $1.50 per share. The note and warrant contain customary anti-dilution provisions, and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the note and exercise of the warrant have been registered on Form S-3. The investor was also granted the right to participate in future financing transactions of the Company for a term of two years.
On December 11, 2020, the Company entered into a Satisfaction, Settlement and Release Agreement with Raptor satisfying all of its obligations to Raptor as its junior secured lender. In full satisfaction of the Raptor Note, including release of collateral, and termination of related junior lender documentation, the Company (a) paid Raptor $4,250 in cash, (b) issued to Raptor a 5-year warrant with a fair value of $402 to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company common stock with an exercise price of $0.644 per share, and (c) issued to Raptor 1,339,286 shares of Common Stock with a fair value of $857 upon conversion of $750 of the Raptor Note at a reduced per share conversion price of $0.56 per share. The aggregate amount of the cash paid, the fair value of the warrants issued, and the fair value of shares issued upon conversion of the Raptor Note was approximately $5,509. The carrying amount of the balance of the Raptor note, including accrued interest, was approximately $5,247, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $262 recorded on the statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2020.
8. Note Payable
On April 20, 2020, the Company was granted a loan (the “PPP loan”) from City National Bank in the aggregate amount of $770, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the CARES Act. At December 31, 2020, the note payable balance was $770, of which $599 was reflected as the current portion of note payable.
The PPP loan agreement is dated April 20, 2020, matures on April 20, 2022, bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum, with the first six months of interest deferred, is payable monthly commencing on November 2020, and is unsecured and guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration. We applied ASC 470, Debt, to account for the PPP loan. Funds from the PPP loan may only be used for qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, including qualifying payroll costs, qualifying group health care benefits, qualifying rent and debt obligations, and qualifying utilities. The Company believes it used the entire loan amount for qualifying expenses. Under the terms of the PPP, certain amounts of the loan may be forgiven if they are used for qualifying expenses. The Company was in compliance with the terms of the PPP loan as of December 31, 2020.
If the conditions outlined in the PPP loan program are adhered to by the Company, all or part of such loan could be forgiven. The Company believes that all or a substantial portion of the PPP loan is eligible for forgiveness. The Company applied for full forgiveness of the PPP loan on March 17, 2021. As for the potential loan forgiveness, once the PPP loan is, in part or wholly, forgiven and a legal release is received, the liability would be reduced by the amount forgiven and a gain on extinguishment would be recorded. However, the Company cannot provide any assurance whether the PPP loan will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA.
9. Leases Liabilities
The Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based upon the estimated present value of unpaid lease payments over the lease term. The Company leases its headquarters office, and certain office equipment and automobiles. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not included on the balance sheets.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, lease costs totaled $181 and $181, respectively.
As of December 31, 2018, lease liabilities totaled $852, made up of finance leases liabilities of $133 and operating lease liabilities of $719. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company made payments of $44 towards its finance lease liability and $22 towards its operating lease liability. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s lease liabilities totaled $786, made up of finance lease liabilities of $89 and operating lease liabilities of $697. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company terminated $51 of finance leases, and made payments of $22 towards its finance lease liability and $28 towards its operating lease liability. As of December 31, 2020, lease liabilities totaled $685, made up of finance lease liabilities of $16 and operating lease liabilities of $669.
As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining lease terms for operating lease and finance lease are 4.00 years and 0.28 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average discount rate for operating lease is 12.60% and 6.03% for finance lease.
Future minimum lease payments under the leases are as follows (in thousands):
Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Leases
Dec 31, 2020
Years Ending December 31,
$ 209
-
Total payments
Less: Amount representing interest (193 )
Present value of net minimum lease payments
Less: Current portion (130 )
Non-current portion $ 555
10. Warrant Liability
Various sales of common stock made by the Company to finance operations have been accompanied by the issuance of warrants. Some of these warrant agreements contain fundamental transaction provisions which may give rise to an obligation of the Company to pay cash to the warrant holders. For accounting purposes, in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, those warrants with fundamental transaction terms are accounted for as liabilities given the terms may give rise to an obligation of the Company to the warrant holders. These liabilities are measured at fair value at each reporting period and the change in the fair value is recognized in earnings in the accompanying Statements of Operations.
The fair value of the warrant liability was determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, using the following assumptions:
Schedule of Warrant Liability Using Assumptions
December 31,
December 31,
Stock Price $ 0.59 $ 0.91
Risk free interest rate 0.48 % 1.95 %
Expected volatility 76.35 % 83.36 %
Expected life in years 0.42 1.42
Expected dividend yield 0 % 0 %
Number of Warrants containing fundamental transaction provisions 138,762 138,762
Fair Value of Warrants $ - $ 8
The risk-free interest rate is based on rates established by the Federal Reserve Bank. The Company uses the historical volatility of its common stock to estimate its future volatility. The expected life of the warrant is based upon its remaining contractual life. The expected dividend yield reflects that the Company has not paid dividends to its common stockholders in the past and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.
The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the estimated fair value of the warrant liability during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Schedule of Warrant Liability
December 31,
December 31,
Beginning Balance $ 8 $ 38
Change in fair value (8 ) (30 )
Ending balance $ - $ 8
11. Stockholders’ Equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) consists of $10 par value, 5% non-cumulative, non-voting, participating preferred stock, with a liquidation preference of $10.00 per share. 500,000 shares are authorized. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, there were 9,411 shares outstanding. Each share of Preferred Stock can be converted into four shares of the Company’s common stock.
Dividends are payable at the rate of 5% annually, pro-rata and non-cumulative. The dividend can be paid in cash or, at the discretion of our board of directors, in shares of common stock based on its then fair market value. The Company cannot declare or pay any dividend on shares of our common stock until the holders of the Preferred Stock have received their annual dividend. In addition, the holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to receive pro rata distributions of dividends on an “as converted” basis with the holders of our common stock.
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or if there is a change of control event as defined, the holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, prior to distributions to the holders of common stock, $10.00 per share plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. Thereafter, all remaining assets are distributed pro rata among all security holders. Since June 30, 2008, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to redeem all or any portion of the Preferred Stock at $10.00 per share, the original issue price, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends.
The Preferred Stock may be converted at any time, at the option of the holder, into four shares of common stock, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalization, reclassification, and similar transactions. The Company is obligated to reserve authorized but unissued shares of common stock sufficient to affect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock.
Except as provided by law, the holders of the Preferred Stock do not have the right to vote on any matters, including the election of directors. However, so long as any shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the approval of a majority of the preferred stockholders, authorize or issue any equity security having a preference over the Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, liquidation, redemption or voting, including any other security convertible into or exercisable for any senior preferred stock.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company paid dividends on the Preferred Stock through the issuance of 4,530 and 4,254 shares of its common stock, respectively, which based upon the then-current market price of the stock equated to dividends of $5 in each of the years. No shares of Series A preferred stock were converted into common stock in 2020 and 2019.
Common Stock
The Company’s common stock has a par value of $.0001. On December 21, 2020, our shareholders approved an increase in the authorized number of common shares from 100,000,000 to 120,000,000. As of December 31, 2020, there were 120,000,000 shares authorized with 86,317,096 outstanding. As of December 31, 2019, there were 100,000,000 shares authorized, and 47,595,206 shares of common stock outstanding.
Common Stock Issuance
In November 2020, the Company conducted a public offering of 21,562,500 shares of its common shares at a public offering price of $0.56 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering are $11,254, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
In April 2020, the Company conducted a public offering of 15,333,334 shares of its common shares at a public offering price of $0.375 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering are $5,310, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
In October 2019, the Company conducted a public offering of 13,416,667 shares of its common shares at a public offering price of $0.60 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering are $7,474, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
In February 2019, the Company conducted a public offering of 7,733,750 shares of its common shares at a public offering price of $2.10 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering are $14,867, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
12. Share-Based Payments
Management believes that the ability to issue equity compensation, in order to incentivize performance by employees, directors, and consultants, is essential to the Company’s growth strategy.
On September 29, 2017, the 2017 Compensation Plan (the “2017 Plan”) was approved by our shareholders. Initially it provided for the issuance of up to 3,000,000 shares. On December 13, 2018 our shareholders approved a 3,500,000 share increase in the number of shares issuable under the 2017 Plan. Options issued and forfeited under the 2017 Plan contain an Evergreen provision and cannot be re-priced without shareholder approval. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, shares issuable under the 2017 Plan were 1,168,258 and 3,436,864, respectively. With the shareholder approval of the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan on December 21, 2020, no further shares will be issued from the 2017 Compensation Plan.
On December 21, 2020, the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) was approved by our shareholders. The 2020 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 8,500,000 shares. Options issued and forfeited under the 2020 plan contain an Evergreen provision and cannot be re-priced without shareholder approval. As of December 31, 2020, shares issuable under the 2020 Plan were 3,874,048.
The 2020 Plan permits the grant of options and stock awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The options may constitute either “incentive stock options” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code or “non-qualified stock options”. The Plan is currently administered by the board of directors. The exercise price of an option granted under the plan cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the date of the grant of the option. Options may not be granted under the plan on or after the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the plan. Incentive stock options granted to a person owning more than 10% of the combined voting power of the common stock cannot be exercisable for more than five years. When an option is exercised, the purchase price of the underlying stock is received in cash, except that the plan administrator may permit the exercise price to be paid in any combination of cash, shares of stock having a fair market value equal to the exercise price, or as otherwise determined by the plan administrator.
Restricted common stock
The following table summarizes restricted stock activity during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Summary of Non-vested Restricted Stock Activity
Unvested
Shares Issuable
Shares Fair Value
at Date of
Issuance Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Balance, December 31, 2018 598,370 - $ 592 $ 1.63
Granted 46,035 - 2.88
Vested (488,037 ) 488,037 - -
Forfeited (156,368 ) - (218 ) 1.60
Issued - (488,037 ) (506 ) -
Balance, December 31, 2019 - - - -
Balance, December 31, 2019 - - - -
Granted 594,740 - 0.85
Vested (444,740 ) 444,740 - -
Issued - (444,740 ) (416 ) -
Balance, December 31, 2020 150,000 - $ 92 $ 0.89
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 594,740 shares of restricted stock to a director and two executive employees. 350,000 of these shares vested immediately, 94,740 shares vested in increments of 47,370 each over a two-month period of October and November 2020, 75,000 shares will vest in increments of 18,750 each over four years from the date of grant, and 75,000 shares will vest over four years based on performance criteria determined by the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. Unvested shares remain subject to forfeiture if vesting conditions are not met. The aggregate fair value of the stock awards was $508 based on the market price of our common stock price which ranged from $0.81 to $0.95 per share on the dates of grants and is amortized as shares vest. The total fair value of restricted common stock vesting during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $416 and $506, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations. As of December 31, 2020, the amount of unvested compensation related to issuances of restricted common stock was $92, which will be recognized as an expense in future periods as the shares vest. When calculating basic loss per share, these shares are included in weighted average common shares outstanding from the time they vest. When calculating diluted net income per share, these shares are included in weighted average common shares outstanding as of their grant date.
In 2018, the Company awarded an aggregate of 784,004 shares of restricted common stock to Valentin Stalowir, former Chief Executive Officer of the Company, pursuant to his employment agreement with the Company. The 784,004 restricted shares had an aggregate fair value of $1,291 based on the market price of our common stock on the dates of grant. Of the 784,004 restricted shares, 185,634 shares vested and were issued during 2018. On October 31, 2019, the Company entered into a Separation, Settlement and Release of Claims Agreement with Mr. Stalowir in connection with his resignation as Chief Executive Officer and the subsequent termination of his employment. As part of the Agreement, 442,002 shares of restricted common stock issued in 2018 vested and were issued, and the balance of 156,368 unvested shares of restricted common stock issued to Mr. Stalowir in 2018 were forfeited. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $374 as compensation expense related to the fair value of vested restricted shares.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 46,035 shares of restricted stock to members of the board of directors. 17,652 shares vested immediately and the balance of 28,383 shares vested throughout 2019. The aggregate fair value of the stock awards was $132 based on the market price of our common stock on the dates of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the total of 46,035 shares vested and were issued, and $132 was recognized as compensation expense.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a total $506 as compensation expense related to vesting of shares of restricted common stock.
Stock Options
As of December 31, 2020, the Company has issued stock options to purchase an aggregate of 9,417,898 shares of common stock. The Company’s stock option activity during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
Shares Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Terms (Years) Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 3,674,286 $ 2.16 8.53 $ 1,026
Granted 1,431,840 2.48
Exercised - -
Unvested forfeited or expired (1,571,794 ) 2.25
Vested forfeited or expired (268,702 ) 3.07
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 3,265,630 $ 2.19 7.09 $ 6
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 3,265,630 $ 2.19 7.09
Granted 6,893,752 0.87
Exercised (37,500 ) 0.50
Unvested forfeited or expired (515,941 ) 2.10
Vested forfeited or expired (188,043 ) 4.20
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 9,417,898 $ 1.19 8.55 $ 78
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 2,266,440 $ 1.45 6.09 $ 78
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company approved options exercisable into 4,625,952 shares to be issued pursuant to Reed’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, and 2,267,800 shares to be issued pursuant to Reed’s 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan. 6,558,752 options were issued to employees including 3,279,376 options that vest annually over a four-year vesting period, and 3,279,376 options that will vest based on performance criteria to be established by the board. In addition, 335,000 options granted to consultants, board members, and former employees vest over various periods.
The stock options are exercisable at a weighted average price $0.87 per share and expire in ten years. The total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $3,561, which was determined using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following average assumption: average stock price of $0.87 per share, weight average expected term of 5.91 years, weighted average volatility ranging from 76%, dividend rate of 0%, and weighted average risk-free interest rate of 0.48%. The fair value of the options of $3,561 will be amortized as the options vest over a weighted average period of 2.67 years.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company approved options to be issued pursuant to Reed’s 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan to certain current employees totaling 1,258,000 shares. One half of these options vest annually over a four-year vesting period; the other half of these options will vest based on performance criteria to be established by the board. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company granted options to purchase 113,330 shares of common stock to new board members. Options granted to consultants, former employees, and board members vest at various periods. On September 11, 2019, the Company granted options to purchase 60,510 shares of common stock to certain consultants. None of the options granted to the consultants to purchase 60,510 shares of common stock vested and were forfeited, resulting in no compensation expense.
The stock options are exercisable at a price ranging from $2.33 to $3.37 per share and expire in ten years. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $911, which was determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the following average assumption: stock price ranging from $2.33 to $3.37 per share, expected term of seven years, volatility of 61%, dividend rate of 0% and risk-free interest rate ranging from 1.39% to 2.60%.
In the measurement of stock options granted in 2020 and 2019, the expected term represents the weighted-average period of time that share option awards granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules and historical participant exercise behavior; the expected volatility is based upon historical volatility of the Company’s common stock; the expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has not paid dividends in the past and does not expect to pay dividends in the future; and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of measurement corresponding with the expected term of the share option award.
During the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $1,176 and $790 of compensation expense relating to vested stock options. As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of unvested compensation related to stock options was approximately $3,561 which will be recorded as an expense in future periods as the options vest.
As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding options have an intrinsic value of $78. The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated as the difference between the closing market price as of December 31, 2020, which was $0.59, and the exercise price of the outstanding stock options.
Additional information regarding options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2020, is as follows:
Schedule of Information Regarding Stock Options
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Price Number of
Shares
Outstanding Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years) Number of
Shares
Exercisable Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
$0.50 - $0.88 1,860,300 $ 0.66 9.05 860,300 $ 0.50
$0.89 - $1.34 4,975,952 0.95 9.70 - -
$2.49 - $3.74 1,899,605 1.74 5.96 1,060,240 1.72
$2.49 - $3.74 582,091 2.78 6.92 245,950 2.69
$5.01 - $5.01 99,950 3.74 1.05 99,950 3.74
9,417,898 $ 1.19 8.55 2,266,440 $ 1.45
13. Stock Warrants
As of December 31, 2020, the Company has issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,362,241 shares of common stock. The Company’s warrant activity during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
Schedule of Warrant Activity
Shares Weighted
-Average Exercise Price
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Terms (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 6,897,277 $ 2.06 2.42 $ 1,447
Granted - -
Exercised (283,495 ) 2.09
Forfeited or expired (200,000 ) 5.60
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 6,413,782 2.06 1.52 $ -
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 6,413,782 2.06 1.52 $ -
Granted 1,000,000 0.64
Exercised - -
Forfeited or expired (4,051,541 ) 2.03
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 3,362,241 $ 1.56 2.49 $ -
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 3,362,241 $ 1.56 2.49 $ -
On December 11, 2020, the Company issued to Raptor a 5-year warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company common stock with an exercise price of $0.64 (see Note 7). The fair value of the warrants granted was determined to be $402. The fair value of the warrant was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions - stock price of $0.64; exercise price of $0.64; expected life of 5 years; volatility of 79%; dividend rate of 0% and discount rate of 0.51%. During the year ended December 31, 2020, warrants to acquire 4,051,541 shares of common stock expired. As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding warrants have no intrinsic value.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, a total of 283,495 warrants were exercised, including 87,485 warrants that were exercised on a cashless basis, resulting in the issuance of 223,037 shares of our common stock. Aggregate proceeds to the Company were $365. During the year ended December 31, 2019, warrants to acquire 200,000 shares of common stock expired.
Additional information regarding warrants outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2020, is as follows:
Schedule of Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable
Warrants Outstanding Warrants Exercisable
Range of Exercise Price Number of
Shares
Outstanding Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years) Number of
Shares
Exercisable Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
$0.64 - $1.55 2,560,194 $ 1.17 2.92 2,560,194 $ 1.17
$2.00 - $4.25 802,047 2.82 1.11 802,047 2.82
3,362,241 $ 1.56 2.49 3,362,241 $ 1.56
14. Income Taxes
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had available Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL”s) to reduce future taxable income. For Federal purposes the amounts available were approximately $66,000 and $58,000, respectively. For state purposes approximately $42,000 and $34,000 was available at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Federal carryforward for NOLs arising in years prior to 2018 is approximately $33,000, which expires on various dates through 2037. NOLs for 2018, 2019 and 2020 of approximately 33,000, can be carried forward indefinitely, but are only able to offset 80% of taxable income in future years. The state carryforward expires on various dates through 2040. Given the Company’s history of net operating losses, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize the tax benefit of the carryforwards. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized a deferred tax asset for this benefit.
Due to restrictions imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 382 regarding substantial changes in ownership of companies with loss carryforwards, the utilization of the Company’s NOL may be limited as a result of changes in stock ownership. NOLs incurred subsequent to the latest change in control are not subject to the limitation.
The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company recognizes as income tax expense, interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has not accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Tax years 2016 through 2020 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.
Upon the attainment of taxable income by the Company, management will assess the likelihood of realizing the tax benefit associated with the use of the NOLs and will recognize the appropriate deferred tax asset at that time.
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
Schedule of Deferred Income Tax Assets
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Deferred income tax asset:
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 15,641 $ 12,776
Disqualified corporate interest expense
Stock-based compensation 1,260
Accounts receivable allowances
Inventory reserves
Operating lease liability
Reserve for asset impairment
Gross deferred tax assets 18,107 14,804
Valuation allowance (17,903 ) (14,488 )
Total deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use asset (203 ) (190 )
Deferred finance costs - (126 )
Total deferred tax liabilities (203 ) (316 )
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ - $ -
Reconciliation of the effective income tax rate to the U.S. statutory rate is as follows:
Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate to U.S. Statutory Rate
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Federal statutory tax rate (21 )% (21 )%
State rate, net of federal benefit (5 )% (5 )%
(26 )% (26 )%
Effect of change in tax rate - % - %
Valuation allowance 26 % 26 %
Effective tax rate $ - $ -
15. Related Party Transactions
On December 31, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Los Angeles manufacturing plant to California Custom Beverage, LLC (“CCB”), an entity owned by Christopher J. Reed, a related party, and CCB assumed the monthly payments on our lease obligation for the Los Angeles manufacturing plant. Our release from the obligation by the lessor, however, is dependent upon CCB’s deposit of $1,200 of security with the lessor. The deposit is secured by Mr. Reed’s pledge of common stock to the lessor and guaranteed personally by Mr. Reed and his wife. As of December 31, 2020, $800 has been deposited with the lessor and Mr. Reed has placed approximately 363,000 pledged shares valued at $338 that remain in escrow with the lessor.
Beginning in 2019, we are to receive a 5% royalty on CCB’s private label sales to existing customers for three years and a 5% referral fee on CCB’s private label sales to referred customers for three years. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded royalty revenue from CCB of $98 and $128, respectively.
At December 31, 2019, the Company had royalty revenue receivable from CCB of $128. In addition, at December 31, 2019, the Company has outstanding receivable from CCB of $228 consisting of inventory advances to CCB. The aggregate receivable from CCB at December 31, 2019 was $356. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded royalty revenue receivable of $98, advanced inventory and equipment of $381, and reduced CCB receivable by $153 by offsetting CCB payable of $153, leaving an aggregate receivable balance of $682 at December 31, 2020.
At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had accounts payable due to CCB of $557 and $182, respectively.
Lindsay Martin, daughter of a director of the Company, was employed as Vice President of Marketing during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Ms. Martin was paid approximately $215 and $161, respectively, for her services during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
16. Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, we are a party to claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Our management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings individually and in the aggregate and provides for potential losses on such litigation if the amount of the loss is estimable and the loss is probable.
We believe that there are no material litigation matters at the current time. Although the results of such litigation matters and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such claims and proceedings will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.
17. Subsequent Events
On March 11, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to that certain Financing Agreement (see Note 6) dated October 4, 2018, as amended or supplemented with its senior secured lender, Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (“Rosenthal”) releasing that irrevocable standby letter of credit by Daniel J. Doherty, III and Daniel J. Doherty, III 2002 Family Trust in the amount of $1.5 million, which served as financial collateral for certain obligations of Reed’s under the Rosenthal credit facility, with a $2 million dollar pledge of securities to Rosenthal by John J. Bello and Nancy E. Bello, as Co-Trustees of The John and Nancy Bello Revocable Living Trust, under trust agreement dated December 3, 2012, evidenced by that certain Pledge Agreement to Rosenthal (the “Bello Pledge”).
John Bello, current Chairman and former Interim Chief Executive Officer of Reed’s, is a related party. He is also a greater than 5% beneficial owner of Reed’s common stock. As consideration for the Bello Pledge, Mr. Bello received 400,000 shares of Reed’s restricted stock.
The Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department notified the Company on December 2, 2020 that the bid price of our common stock has closed at less than $1 per share over the previous 30 consecutive business days, and, as a result, did not comply with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (“Bid Price Rule”). On February 22, 2021, Nasdaq Listing Qualifications notified the Company, that for 10 consecutive business days, from February 5, 2021 to February 19, 2021, the closing bid price of Reed’s common stock was $1.00 per share or greater. Accordingly, Reed’s regained compliance with Listing Rule 550(a)(2) and the matter is now closed.
On January 26, 2021, the board of directors of Reed’s, pursuant to a joint recommendation from its governance and compensation committees, set the cash compensation of its non-employee directors at $50,000 for fiscal 2021, payable quarterly in accordance with the company’s policies for non-employee director compensation and granted Restricted Stock Awards consisting of 49,180 shares of common stock to each of its non-employee directors. The Restricted Stock Awards will vest in four equal increments on a quarterly basis on each of February 1, 2021, May 1, 2021, August 1, 2021 and November 1, 2021, in accordance with the company’s policies for non-employee director compensation.
Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company issued 86,225 shares of common comprised of 6,000 shares issued on the exercise of stock options, 61,475 shares of restricted stock issued to directors, and 18,750 shares of restricted stock issued to an executive on vesting.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and the oversight of our audit committee, has evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, our management used the framework established in Internal Control Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
This Annual Report does not contain an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm related to internal control over financial reporting because the rules for smaller reporting companies provide an exemption from the attestation requirement.
Remediation of Previously Identified Material Weaknesses
As disclosed in Part II, Item 9A., “Controls and Procedures,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, management identified the following control deficiencies during fiscal 2019 that constituted material weaknesses: (1) we did not have controls designed to assess the design and operation of internal controls pertaining to these outsourced information technology service providers over the period of reliance and (2) we did not maintain effective policies to ensure adequate segregation of duties within its accounting processes.
To remediate these previously identified material weaknesses, our management, with oversight from our audit committee, implemented a remediation plan, we designed and implemented controls related to the periodic monitoring and review of outsourced information technology service providers, and we implemented procedures and independent reconciliations of significant accounts to mitigate the lack of segregation of duties.
Based on the actions taken, management determined that our newly designed and enhanced controls were in place and operated effectively for a sufficient period of time to enable us to conclude that the material weaknesses were remediated as of December 31, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than as described above in the section “Remediation Efforts on Previously Identified Material Weakness,” there were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
An effective internal control system, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error or overriding of controls, and, therefore, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to reliable financial reporting. Because of its inherent limitations, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance.
General
Reed’s current directors have terms which will end at the next annual meeting of the stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualify, subject to their death, resignation or removal. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our current directors and executive officers as of December 31, 2020:
Name
Position
Age
Norman E. Snyder, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer, Director
Thomas J. Spisak
Chief Financial Officer
Neal Cohane
Chief Sales Officer
Richard H. Hubli
Vice President, Operations
Christopher J. Reed
Chief Innovation Officer
John J. Bello
Chairman of the Board
Lewis Jaffe
Director, Chairman of Governance Committee, member of Audit, Operations and Compensation Committees
James C. Bass
Director, Chairman of the Audit Committee and member of Compensation Committee
Scott R. Grossman
Director, Chairman of the Compensation Committee and member of Audit and Governance Committees
Louis Imbrogno, Jr.
Director
Business Experience of Directors and Executive Officers
Norman E. Snyder, Jr. was appointed as Chief Executive Officer and director of Reed’s effective March 1, 2020. Prior to his promotion, Mr. Snyder served as Chief Operating Officer of Reed’s from September 2019 through February 29, 2020. Prior to joining Reed’s, Mr. Snyder served as President and Chief Executive Office for Avitae USA, LLC, an emerging premium new age beverage company that markets and sells a line of ready-to-drink caffeinated waters. Prior to Avitae, he served as the President and Chief Operating Officer for Adina For Life, Inc., President and Chief Executive Officer of High Falls Brewing Company, and Chief Financial Officer, and later Chief Operating Officer of South Beach Beverage Company, known as SoBe. In prior experience, Mr. Snyder served as Controller for National Football League Properties, Inc., and in various roles at PriceWaterhouseCoopers during an eight-year tenure. Mr. Snyder earned a B.S. in Accounting from the State University of New York at Albany.
Thomas J. Spisak has served as Chief Financial Officer of Reed’s since December 2019. Prior to joining Reed’s, Mr. Spisak provided financial leadership, including extensive expertise over a broad range of finance functions during his 26 year tenure in the North America region of Diageo, a multinational alcoholic beverage company with net sales over UK £12.9 billion (U.S. $16 billion). Mr. Spisak held numerous positions in multiple divisions of Diageo, most recently serving as Vice President of Finance and Controller of North America. Previously, he held positions of Vice President of Commercial Finance, Director of Business Performance and Senior Finance Director of Marketing and Innovation Decision Support, as well as other roles in finance. Prior to Diageo, Mr. Spisak served at International Masters Publishers, Inc., a private company with publishing activities in 35 countries. Mr. Spisak holds an MBA in International Business from Fairfield University and a Bachelor of Science in Finance from the University of Rhode Island.
Neal Cohane has served as Reed’s Chief Sales Officer since March of 2008 and previously as Vice President of Sales since August 2007. From March 2001 until August 2007, Mr. Cohane served in various senior-level sales and executive positions for PepsiCo, most recently as Senior National Accounts Manager, Eastern Division. In this capacity, Mr. Cohane was responsible for all business development and sales activities within the Eastern Division. From March 2001 until November 2002, Mr. Cohane served as Business Development Manager, Non-Carbonated Division within PepsiCo where he was responsible for leading the non-carbonated category build-out across the Northeast Territory. From 1998 to March 2001, Mr. Cohane spent three years at South Beach Beverage Company, most recently as Vice President of Sales, Eastern Region. From 1986 to 1998, Mr. Cohane spent approximately twelve years at Coca-Cola of New York where he held various senior-level sales and managerial positions, most recently as General Manager New York. Mr. Cohane holds a B.S. degree in Business Administration from Merrimack College in North Andover, Massachusetts.
Richard H. Hubli was appointed Vice President of Operations effective September 28, 2020. Mr. Hubli has nearly four decades of diversified experience in supply chain and operations management. From January 2015 to the present, he owned and operated Rockhouse Services, LLC, a consultancy focused on operations & supply chain improvement. From July 2014 to January 2015, he served as SVP of Operations for Harvest Hill Beverage Company. Prior, from August 2012 to July 2014, he served as VP of Operations for High Ridge Brands with end-to-end operations accountability of a copacker based supply chain plus new product delivery & quality. From March 2009 to July 2012, he served as VP of Operations of Kozy Shack Enterprises. From March 2008 to March 2009, Mr. Hubli was the VP of Operations for Fuze Beverages leading, directing S&OP; managing all operations/supply chain activities while integrating the business unit into Coca-Cola. From 2000 to 2007, he served as a VP of Operations Strategy Development at Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages where he created the long-term operations strategy. From 1991 to 2000, Mr. Hubli worked for the North American division of Colgate Palmolive initially as Director of Technology and later as Director of Supply Chain Development. In these roles he ran new product delivery across all business categories and spearheaded supply chain re-engineering initiatives. At Nestle Foods, where he worked from 1987 to 1991, he held the positions of Manager Coffee/Tea Industrial Engineering and Marketing Manager for the Nescafe brand. Mr. Hubli began his five-year tenure with PepsiCo R&D in 1982 as Program Manager and subsequently became Manager, Concentrate Operations leading copack production of aseptic juices for the Slice brand. He began his career as Logistics Analyst for Maxwell House Coffee, then a division of General Foods, in 1980. Mr. Hubli earned a BS in Industrial Engineering and an MBA, both in 1979 from the University of Rhode Island.
Christopher J. Reed founded our company in 1987. Since inception, Mr. Reed has served in the roles of Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, and is currently the company’s Chief Innovation Officer. Mr. Reed has been a non-independent Director since our incorporation in 1991. Mr. Reed also served as Chief Financial Officer during fiscal year 2007 until October 1, 2007 and again from April 17, 2008 to January 19, 2010. Mr. Reed remains a Director of the company with the election of John Bello as Chairman of the Board by fellow Board members. Mr. Reed has been responsible for our design and products, including the original product recipes, the proprietary brewing process and the packaging and marketing strategies. Mr. Reed received a B.S. in Chemical Engineering in 1980 from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York.
John J. Bello is Reed’s Chairman and sales and marketing expert. Since 2001, Mr. Bello has been the Managing Director of JoNa Ventures, a family venture fund. From 2004 to 2012 Mr. Bello also served as Principal and General Partner at Sherbrooke Capital, a venture capital group dedicated to investing in leading, early stage health and wellness companies. Mr. Bello is the founder and former CEO of South Beach Beverage Company, the maker of nutritionally enhanced teas and juices marketed under the brand name SoBe. The company was sold to PepsiCo in 2001 for $370 million and in the same year Ernst and Young named Mr. Bello National Entrepreneur of the Year in the consumer products category for his work with SoBe. Before founding SoBe, Mr. Bello spent fourteen years at National Football League Properties, the marketing arm of the NFL and served as its President from 1986 to 1993. As the President, Mr. Bello has been credited for building NFL Properties into a sports marketing leader and creating the model by which every major sports league now operates. Prior to working for the NFL, Mr. Bello served in marketing and strategic planning capacities at the Pepsi Cola Division of PepsiCo Inc. and in product management roles for General Foods Corporation on the Sanka and Maxwell House brands. As a board chair, Mr. Bello has also worked with IZZE in brand building, marketing and strategic planning capacities. That brand was also sold to PepsiCo.
Mr. Bello earned his BA from Tufts University, cum laude, and received his MBA from the Tuck School of business at Dartmouth College as an Edward Tuck Scholar. Mr. Bello is extensively involved in non-profit work and currently serves as a Tufts University Trustee and advisory board member (athletics) and the Veteran Heritage Project in Scottsdale, Arizona. Mr. Bello also serves on the board of Rockford Fosgate, a seller of OEM audio equipment, and is executive director of Eye Therapies which has licensed its technology to Bausch and Lomb, who markets a redness reduction eye drop under the Lumify brand name.
James C. Bass has served as a director since September 29, 2017, is Chairman of the Audit Committee and member of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Bass is retired from the position of Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Sony Interactive Entertainment America LLC, commonly referred to as the PlayStation business of Sony where he joined in 1995 as Vice President of Finance. Mr. Bass has more than thirty-five years of financial and international management experience and was responsible for all of Sony’s financial operations and controls including general accounting and financial reporting, planning, analysis and systems, treasury and risk management, internal audit, and federal, state and local income taxes. Prior experience includes holding several senior management positions encompassing fourteen years with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, gaining international experience running operations in parts of Asia and Europe.
Mr. Bass also spent two years at Wang Laboratories as a Divisional Controller. He started his career in New York at the public accounting firm, Haskins and Sells, now Deloitte & Touche. Mr. Bass received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in accounting and finance from Pace University, New York City. He is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Lewis Jaffe has served as a director since October 19, 2016, is Chairman of the Governance Committee and a member of the Audit and Compensation Committees. Since August 2014, Mr. Jaffe is an Executive-in-Residence and Clinical Faculty at the Fred Kiesner Center for Entrepreneurship, Loyola Marymount University. He is also a technology futurist, Executive Coach and Public Speaker. Since January 2010 Mr. Jaffe has served on the board of FitLife Brands Inc. (FTLF:OTCBB) and serves on its audit, compensation and governance committees. Since 2006 he has served on the board of directors of York Telecom, a private company, and serves on its compensation and governance committees. From 2006 to 2008 Mr. Jaffe was Interim Chief Executive Officer and President of Oxford Media, Inc. Mr. Jaffe has also served in executive management positions with Verso Technologies, Inc., Wireone Technologies, Inc., Picturetel Corporation, and he was also previously a Managing Director of Arthur Andersen. Mr. Jaffe was the co-founder of MovieMe Network. Mr. Jaffe also served on the Board of Directors of Benihana, Inc. as its lead independent director from 2004 to 2012.
Mr. Jaffe is a graduate of the Stanford Business School Executive Program, holds a Bachelor of Science from LaSalle University and holds a Masters Professional Director Certification from the American College of Corporate Directors, a public company director education and credentialing program.
Scott R. Grossman has served as a director since September 29, 2017, serves as Chairman of the Compensation Committee and is also a member of the Audit and Governance Committees. Mr. Grossman has nearly two decades of investing and advisory experience in both public and private companies undergoing significant change. Mr. Grossman is the founder and CEO of Vindico Capital LLC, a value-oriented investment firm that invests in public company transformations in partnership with management. Prior to Vindico, Mr. Grossman was a Senior Portfolio Manager at Magnetar Capital, a $13 billion multi-strategy alternative asset manager, which he first joined in 2006. Prior to Magnetar, Mr. Grossman worked at Soros Fund Management in its Private Equity division and Merrill Lynch in its investment banking group. In addition, Mr. Grossman is a non-operating partner and current Board Member at Zeitguide. Mr. Grossman received an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a BA from Columbia University where he majored in economics.
Louis Imbrogno, Jr. has served as a director since August 2019. He served a 40-year tenure at PepsiCo, bringing extensive expertise in beverage supply chain and management. At PepsiCo he served in a variety of field operating assignments and staff positions including the role of Senior Vice President of Worldwide Technical Operations. In this role he was responsible for Pepsi-Cola’s worldwide beverage quality, concentrate operations, research & development and contract manufacturing, reporting directly to the heads of Pepsi-Cola North America and PepsiCo Beverages International. Since Imbrogno’s retirement from PepsiCo, he has consulted for multiple companies including PepsiCo.
Legal Proceedings
In 2014, Louis Imbrogno Jr. served as Chief Executive Officer of Constar International, Inc. for a six-month period during a bankruptcy proceeding and subsequent sale in a court administered public auction. He was not an executive officer of the company prior to the initiation of the bankruptcy proceedings.
Except as described above, to the best of our knowledge, none of our executive officers or directors are parties to any material proceedings adverse to Reed’s, have any material interest adverse to Reed’s or have, during the past ten years been subject to legal or regulatory proceedings required to be disclosed hereunder.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships between any of our executive officers and directors.
Corporate Governance
Audit Committee of the Board
The Audit Committee was formed in January 2007. The board has determined that each member of our Audit Committee is an “independent director” as defined by Rule 5605(a)(2) of The NASDAQ Stock Market Rules and that members of the Audit Committee are independent under the additional requirements of Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The board has determined James C. Bass meets SEC requirements of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, Section 407(b). In addition, the board determined that (i) none of the Audit Committee members have participated in the preparation of the financial statements of the company at any time during the past three years and (2) Audit Committee members are able to read and understand fundamental financial statements. Additionally, we intend to continue to have at least one member of the Audit Committee whose experience or background results in the individual’s financial sophistication. The Audit Committee charter is posted on our website at www.reedsinc.com.
Code of Ethics
Our Chief Executive Officer and all senior financial officers, including the Chief Financial Officer, are bound by a Code of Ethics that complies with Item 406 of Regulation S-B of the Exchange Act. Our Code of Ethics is posted on our website at http://investor.reedsinc.com.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) requires our directors and executive officers and beneficial holders of more than 10% of our common stock to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our equity securities.
To our knowledge, based solely upon a review of Forms 3 and 4 and amendments thereto furnished to Reed’s under 17 CFR 240.16a-3(e) during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 the following individuals each filed one late Form 4 representing one transaction (unless otherwise noted): Thomas J. Spisak, Norman E. Snyder, Jr., John Bello, Neal Cohane. None of our officers or directors filed Form 5.
Stockholder Director Nomination Procedures
There have not been any material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the our board of directors.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The following table summarizes all compensation for fiscal years 2020 and 2019 earned by our “Named Executive Officers” during the reported periods:
Name and Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Stock
Awards
(1)
All Other
Compensation
(2)
Total
Norman E. Snyder, Jr. $ 59,776 - - $ 62,610 $ 122,386
Chief Executive Officer (Former Chief Operating Officer) $ 308,782 $ 157,500 $ 121,500 $ 14,353 $ 602,135
John J. Bello
$ 127,200 $ 104,167 $ 231,367
(Former Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chairman) (3)
$ 177,758 $ 104,167 $ 281,925
Thomas J. Spisak $ 20,833 $ - - $ - $ 20,833
Chief Financial Officer $ 253,847 $ 67,500 - $ 3,488 $ 324,835
Neal Cohane $ 210,000
$ 3,000 $ 213,000
Chief Sales Officer $ 213,231 $ 66,150
$ 11,656 $ 291,037
(1) The amounts represent the fair value for share-based payment awards issued during the year. The award is calculated on the date of grant in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards.
(2) Other compensation includes both cash payments and the estimated value of the use of company assets.
(3) Mr. Bello served as Interim Chief Executive Officer from September 30, 2019 through February 29, 2020. His director compensation was suspended during the period as his service as Interim Chief Executive Officer. Director compensation of $37,500 and consulting fees of $66,667. Mr. Bello was issued 200,000 RSAs as compensation for his services as Interim Chief Executive Officer on February 25, 2020 for his service from September 30, 2019 through February 29, 2020. Pro-rata portion of this award earned during 2019 is included in this table. Mr. Bello’s 2020 Director fees and compensation are also reported under the Director Compensation Table.
Employment Agreements
Norman E. Snyder, Jr.
The board appointed Mr. Snyder to the office of Chief Operating Officer, effective March 1, 2020. Mr. Snyder succeeded John J. Bello who served as Interim Chief Executive Officer from September 30, 2019 through February 29, 2020. The board granted Mr. Snyder a one-time bonus of 150,000 RSAs vesting March 1, 2020, subject to the conditions and limitations of Reed’s Second Amended and Restated 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan, in conjunction with his promotion. Pursuant his employment agreement, on February 25, 2020, he received an equity award of 446,000 stock options, one-half scheduled to vest in equal increments on an annual basis for four years and remainder to vest based on performance criteria to be determined by the board of directors (or compensation committee of the board). Mr. Snyder’s performance-based cash bonus was set at a target amount of 30% of base salary for the term of his service as Chief Operating Officer. The agreement provided for acceleration of equity grants triggered by a “change of control”, as defined in the agreement and contains confidentiality, invention assignment and non-solicitation covenants. Mr. Snyder is also eligible to participate in the company’s benefit plans available to its executive officers.
On June 24, 2020, we entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Norman E. Snyder, Jr. reflecting his promotion to Chief Executive Officer on March 1, 2020. The term of the agreement continues through March 1, 2023 and will automatically renew for an additional one-year term, unless earlier terminated or unless notice of non-renewal is submitted by either party 90 days in advance. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Snyder’s base salary of $300,000 per year increased to $350,000 on September 30, 2020 based on satisfaction of certain objectives and to $360,500 on March 1, 2021. Mr. Snyder is also eligible to receive a performance-based cash bonus at a target amount of 50% of his base salary in effect. He is also eligible to participate in Reed’s other benefit plans available to its executive officers. The agreement provides for acceleration of equity grants triggered by a “change of control”, as defined in the agreement and contains customary, non-competition, confidentiality, invention assignment and non-solicitation covenants. Mr. Snyder is also entitled to six months’ severance benefits in the event of termination without cause by Reed’s or for good reason by Mr. Snyder, subject to execution of a release.
John J. Bello
On February 19, 2020 the board of directors granted John Bello 200,000 RSAs, vesting March 1, 2020, as compensation for his services as Interim Chief Executive from September 30, 2019 through February 29, 2020.
Thomas J. Spisak
We entered into an at-will employment agreement with Thomas J. Spisak to serve as the Chief Financial Officer of Reed’s, effective December 2, 2019. The agreement may be terminated by the Company or Mr. Spisak, with or without notice and with or without cause, pursuant to the terms of the agreement. Mr. Spisak’s base annual base salary was increased to $257,500 from $250,000 effective March 1, 2020. Mr. Spisak is also eligible to receive performance-based cash bonus at a target amount of 30% of his base salary. Pursuant to his employment agreement, Mr. Spisak received an initial equity award of 150,000 incentive stock options and 150,000 restricted stock awards on March 3, 2020, one-half of the award (75,000 options and 75,000 restricted stock awards) vesting in equal increments on an annual basis for four years and the remainder (75,000 options and 75,000 restricted stock awards) vesting based on performance criteria to be determined by the board of directors or compensation committee. Mr. Spisak is also eligible to participate in Reed’s other benefit plans available to its executive officers. The agreement contains customary confidentiality, non-competition and invention assignment covenants.
Current Salary Arrangements of Other Executive Officers
Neal Cohane receives an annual salary which increased from $210,000 to $250,000 on March 1, 2021 with a 30% bonus target, and he is eligible to participate in benefits offered by the company to its executive officers.
Richard H. Hubli receives an annual salary of $200,000 with a 30% bonus target, and he is eligible to participate in benefits offered by the company to its executive officers.
Christopher J. Reed receives an annual salary of $113,500.
Change-in-Control Provisions
It is our general policy that awards that vest over a term greater one-year include provisions for acceleration upon a change-in-control.
Our 2017 Plan provides the consequences of a change-in-control provisions may be set forth in individual award agreements. For purposes of the 2020 Plan, a “change in control” generally includes (a) the acquisition of more than 50% of the company’s common stock, (b) the acquisition within a twelve-month period of 30% or more of the Company’s common stock, (c) the replacement of a majority of the board of directors, within a twelve-month period, by directors whose election was not endorsed by the incumbent board, or (d) the acquisition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Year-End
The following table sets forth information regarding unexercised options and equity incentive plan awards for each Named Executive Officer outstanding as of December 31, 2020:
Name and Position Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#) Exercisable Equity Incentive Plan Awards:
Number of Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options Option
Exercise
Price Option
Expiration
Date Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#) Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($)
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#) Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested ($)
Norman E. Snyder, Jr.
(Chief Executive Officer, Former Chief Operating Officer) 110,324 167,250 162,362 $ 0.88 2/25/2030
25,000 - - $ 0.50 3/25/2030
55,291 93,750 98,288 $ 0.70 5/20/2030
90,675 403,000 302,250 $ 0.95 9/16/2030
John Bello
Former Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chairman 50,000 - - $ 3.74 9/30/2021 24,590 $ 14,508
50,000 - - $ 0.50 3/25/2030
Thomas J. Spisak
(Chief Financial Officer)
36,827 56,250 54,914 $ 0.89 3/2/2030 56,250 $ 33,188 54,914 $ 32,399
10,000 - - $ 0.50 3/25/2030
84,263 374,500 280,875 $ 0.95 9/16/2030
Neal Cohane
(Chief Sales Officer) 175,781 46,875 46,875 $ 1.60 3/28/2028
44,233 75,000 78,630 $ 0.70 5/20/2030
46,294 205,752 154,314 $ 0.95 9/16/2030
(A) These options will vest in 2021.
(B) These options vest 25% per year beginning in 2021.
(C) These options vest in accordance with performance criteria established by the board of directors.
Director Compensation
The following table summarizes the compensation paid to our non-employee directors for the year ended December 31, 2020:
Name Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash Stock Awards (1) Option
Awards Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation All Other
Compensation Total
John J. Bello(2) $ 104,167 $ 177,758 - - - $ 281,925
Lewis Jaffe $ 37,500 $ 15,158 - - - $ 52,658
Daniel J. Doherty, III (3) $ 37,500 $ 15,158 - - - $ 52,658
James C. Bass $ 37,500 $ 15,158 - - - $ 52,658
Scott R. Grossman $ 37,500 $ 15,158 - - - $ 52,658
Louis Imbrogno, Jr. $ 37,500 $ 15,158 - - - $ 52,658
(1) The amounts represent the fair value of restricted stock awards granted during the year. The award is calculated on the date of grant in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards, excluding any impact of assumed forfeiture rates.
(2) Mr. Bello’s 2020 director fees and awards are also reported under the Executive Compensation Table.
(3) Daniel J. Doherty, III resigned from his position as director effective December 31, 2020.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our shares of common stock beneficially owned as of March 22, 2021 for (i) each Named Executive Officer and director, and (ii) all Named Executive officers and directors as a group and (iii) each stockholder known to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock. A person is considered to beneficially own any shares (i) over which such person, directly or indirectly, exercises sole or shared voting or investment power or (ii) of which such person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time within 60 days through an exercise of stock options or warrants or otherwise. Unless otherwise indicated, voting and investment power relating to the shares shown in the table for our directors and executive officers is exercised solely by the beneficial owner or shared by the owner and the owner’s spouse or children.
For purposes of this table, a person or group of persons is deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of any shares of common stock that such person has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 22, 2021. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares of our common stock held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 22, 2021 is deemed to be outstanding but is not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership. Except as otherwise indicated below, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock held by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the principal address of each listed executive officer and director is 201 Merritt 7 Corporate Park, Norwalk, Connecticut 06851.
Named Beneficial Owner
Directors and Named Executive Officers
Number of Shares
Beneficially Owned Percentage of
Shares Beneficially
Owned (1)
John J. Bello (2) 5,466,895 6.3 %
Norman E. Snyder, Jr. (3) 903,908 1.0 %
Neal Cohane (4) 542,585 0.6 %
James C. Bass (5)
451,947
0.5 %
Lewis Jaffe (6) 294,634 0.3 %
Thomas J. Spisak (7) 284,584 0.3 %
Scott R. Grossman (8) 221,529 0.3 %
Louis Imbrogno (9) 205,151 0.1 %
Directors and Named Executive Officers as a group (8 persons) 8,352,484 9.5 %
5% or greater stockholders
Raptor/ Harbor Reed SPV LLC (10) 6,619,600 7.4 %
Union Square Park Partners 6,936,672 8.0 %
Polar Asset Management Partners Inc 5,315,917
6.2 %
* Less than 1%
(1) Based on 86,317,096 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
(2) Includes 100,000 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options, 24, 590 RSAs from 2021 Board Compensation, 400,000 shares of restricted common stock, and warrants of 133,201.
(3) Includes 256,290 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options.
(4) Includes 341,308 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options.
(5) Includes 80,000 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options and 24,590 RSAs from 2021 Board Compensation.
(6) Includes 80,000 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options and 24,590 RSAs from 2021 Board Compensation.
(7) Includes 167,917 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options.
(8) Includes 80,000 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options and 24,590 RSAs from 2021 Board Compensation.
(9) Includes 69,950 shares issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable options and 24,950 RSAs from 2021 Board Compensation
(10) Principal address is 280 Congress Street, 12th Floor Boston, Massachusetts 02210. Includes 2,810,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of currently-exercisable warrants.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
On September 29, 2017, the 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan for 3,000,000 shares was approved by our shareholders. On December 13, 2018 the Amended and Restated 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan was approved by our shareholders increasing the number of shares issuable by 3,500,000 to 6,500,000. On December 16, 2019, the Second Amended and Restated 2017 Incentive Compensation Plan (“2017 Plan”) was approved by our shareholders, increasing the number of shares issuable by 1,000,000 to 7,500,000. On December 21, 2020, the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (“2020 Plan”) for 8,500,000 shares was approved by our shareholders. The 2020 Plan replaced the 2017 Plan, which will expire by its terms on September 30, 2027. We have discontinued the 2017 Plan and all plans that preceded the 2017 Plan and will not issue any new awards under these prior plans, although awards granted under these plans will remain in effect.
The following table provides information, as of December 31, 2020, with respect to equity securities authorized for issuance under compensation plans:
Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities
reflected in
Plan Category (a) (b) Column (a)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 9,417,898 $ 1.19 3,874,048
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders - $ - -
TOTAL 9,417,898 $ 1.19 3,874,048

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Our board of directors has adopted written policies and procedures for the review of any transaction, arrangement or relationship between Reed’s and one of our executive officers, directors, director nominees or 5% or greater stockholders (or their immediate family members), each of whom we refer to as a “related person,” in which such related person has a direct or indirect material interest.
If a related person proposes to enter into such a transaction, arrangement or relationship, defined as a “related party transaction,” the related party must report the proposed related party transaction to our Chief Financial Officer. The policy calls for the proposed related party transaction to be reviewed and, if deemed appropriate, approved by the Governance Committee. Our Governance Committee is comprised of John Bello, Lewis Jaffe and Scott R. Grossman. Mr. Jaffe serves as Chairman. The board of directors has determined all of the members of the Governance Committee are independent under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC. If practicable, the reporting, review and approval will occur prior to entry into the transaction. If advance review and approval is not practicable, the Governance Committee will review, and, in its discretion, may ratify the related party transaction. Any related party transactions that are ongoing in nature will be reviewed annually at a minimum. The related party transactions listed below were reviewed by the full board of directors. Prior to August 2005, we did not have independent directors on our board to review and approve related party transactions. The Governance Committee shall review future related party transactions.
The following includes a summary of transactions since the beginning of fiscal 2019 or any currently proposed transaction, in which we were or are to be a participant and the amount involved exceeded or exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest (other than compensation described under “Executive Compensation”). We believe the terms obtained or consideration that we paid or received, as applicable, in connection with the transactions described below were comparable to or better than terms available or the amounts that would be paid or received, as applicable, in arm’s-length transactions.
Transactions with California Custom Beverage, LLC (“CCB”)
On December 31, 2018, after completion of bidding process, Reed’s sold its beverage manufacturing equipment and private label beverage business for a purchase price of $1.25 million pursuant to an asset purchase agreement of the same date with California Custom Beverage, LLC (“CCB”), an entity owned by Christopher J. Reed, founder, Chief Innovation Officer and director of Reed’s. Mr. Reed obtained debt financing from a commercial bank, PMC Financial Services, LLC, in the amount of $1,050,000. In addition, in support of the transaction, a group of current Reed’s stockholders, including Chairman John J. Bello and certain institutional investors, purchased 350,000 shares of common stock of REED from Christopher J. Reed at $2.00 per share, in a private transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933. The pricing was based on the higher of $2.00 per share or a 10% discount to the 5-day volume weighted average price ending December 28, 2018.
As part of the transaction, CCB assumed the monthly payments on our lease obligation for the Los Angeles manufacturing plant. Our release from the obligation by the lessor, however, is dependent upon CCB’s deposit of $1.2 million of security with the lessor. The deposit is secured by Mr. Reed’s pledge of common stock to the lessor and guaranteed personally by Mr. Reed and his wife. As of December 31, 2020, $800 has been deposited with the lessor and Mr. Reed has placed approximately 363,000 pledged shares valued at $338 that remain pledged in in escrow in favor of lessor.
The plant equipment was sold to CCB on an “as-is, where is” basis. In addition, the parties entered into a 3-year co-packing contract for the production of Reed’s beverages in glass bottles at prevailing West Coast market rates. Certain transitional services were provided by Reed’s to CCB for 30 days. The transaction documents also contain customary protections for intellectual property, indemnification and non-competition provisions.
Beginning in 2019, we began receiving a 5% royalty on CCB’s private label sales to existing customers for three years and a 5% referral fee on CCB’s private label sales to referred customers for three years. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded royalty revenue from CCB of $98. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded royalty revenue from CCB of $128.
At December 31, 2019, the Company had royalty revenue receivable from CCB of $128. In addition, at December 31, 2019, the Company has outstanding receivable from CCB of $228 consisting of inventory advances to CCB. The aggregate receivable from CCB at December 31, 2019 was $356. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded royalty revenue receivable of $98, advanced inventory and equipment of $381, and reduced CCB receivable by $153 and reducing CCB payable of $153, leaving an aggregate receivable balance of $682 at December 31, 2020.
At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had accounts payable due to CCB of $557 and $182, respectively.
Settlement of Secured Convertible Subordinated Non-redeemable Note with Raptor/ Harbor Reeds SPV, LLC
On December 11, 2020, we entered into a Satisfaction, Settlement and Release Agreement (“Satisfaction Agreement”) with Raptor/ Harbor Reeds SPV, LLC (“Raptor”) satisfying all of our obligations to Raptor as our junior secured lender. Raptor is a related party. Daniel J. Doherty III, a former director of Reed’s, is a principal and member of Raptor. The transaction was completed on December 15, 2020.
Prior to this transaction, our obligation under that certain Senior Secured Amended and Restated Subordinated Convertible Non-Redeemable Secured Note (“Subordinated Note”) dated October 4, 2018 in favor of Raptor, including accrued and unpaid interest through maturity on April 21, 2021, was approximately $5.5 million.
In full satisfaction of the Subordinated Note, including release of collateral, and termination of related junior lender documentation, we (a) paid Raptor $4,250,000 in cash, (b) issued to Raptor a 5-year warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, of Reed’s (“Common Stock”) with an exercise price of $0.644 (“Satisfaction Warrant”), and (c) issued to Raptor 1,339,286 shares of Common Stock upon conversion of $750,000.00 of the Subordinated Note at the reduced per share conversion price of $0.56.
The Satisfaction Agreement includes a mutual release of liability. The Satisfaction Warrant contains customary protection for stock splits, dividends and reclassifications and provides certain rights in the event of a “Fundamental Transaction” as therein defined. Pursuant to a Registration Rights Agreement (“RRA”) dated December 11, 2020, the company also agreed to file a registration statement registering shares of Common Stock underlying the warrant for resale, provided however, sales under the registration statement may not commence until the 6th trading day after Reed’s files its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2020 with the Securities Exchange Commission.
Reed’s senior lender, Rosenthal & Rosenthal Inc. (“Rosenthal”), a New York corporation consented to the settlement transaction subject to pay-down by Reed’s of senior credit line obligation to zero, in compliance with terms of existing financing documents, release of collateral securing the Subordinated Note and other customary requirements.
Amendment to Financing Agreement
On March 11, 2021, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment”) to that certain Financing Agreement dated October 4, 2018, as amended or supplemented with our senior secured lender, Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (“Rosenthal”) releasing that irrevocable standby letter of credit by Daniel J. Doherty, III and Daniel J. Doherty, III 2002 Family Trust in the amount of $1.5 million (“LC”), which served as financial collateral for certain obligations of Reed’s under the Rosenthal credit facility, with a two million dollar ($2,000,000) pledge of securities to Rosenthal by John J. Bello and Nancy E. Bello, as Co-Trustees of THE JOHN AND NANCY BELLO REVOCABLE LIVING TRUST, under trust agreement dated December 3, 2012, evidenced by that certain Pledge Agreement to Rosenthal, and as to which Rosenthal has a first and only perfected security interest by the Securities Account Control Agreement held by securities broker (“Bello Pledge”).
John J. Bello, current Chairman and former Interim Chief Executive Officer of Reed’s, is a related party. He is also a greater than 5% beneficial owner of Reed’s common stock. As consideration for the collateral support, Mr. Bello received 400,000 shares of Reed’s restricted stock.
Other
Lindsay Martin, daughter of a director of the Company, was employed as Vice President of Marketing during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Ms. Martin was paid approximately $215 and $161, respectively, for her services during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Director Independence
As of the date of this Annual Report, our board has seven directors and the following four standing committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Governance Committee and an Operations Committee. The board, upon recommendation from the Compensation Committee, determined through 2020, each of John J. Bello, Lewis Jaffe, James C. Bass, Scott R. Grossman and Louis Imbrogno is an “independent director” as defined by Rule 5605(a)(2) of The NASDAQ Stock Market Rules (the “NASDAQ Rules”). Independence of board members is re-evaluated by the board annually. The board determined affirmatively that John J. Bello’s service as Interim Chief Executive Officer and the compensation received for such service would not interfere with his ability to exercise independent judgment as a director. Subsequently, in March of 2021, the board, upon recommendation from the Compensation Committee, determined that John J. Bello is no longer an “independent director” due to collateral support he now provides on behalf of the Company to the Company’s senior secured lender, Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. We intend to maintain at least a majority of independent directors on our board in the future.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Weinberg & Company, P.A. (“Weinberg”) was our independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
The following table shows the fees paid or accrued by us for the audit and other services provided by Weinberg for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Audit Fees $ 161,597 $ 267,184
Audit-Related Fees - -
Tax Fees 36,169 63,561
All Other Fees 93,548 83,670
Total $ 291,314 $ 414,415
As defined by the SEC, (i) “audit fees” are fees for professional services rendered by our principal accountant for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of financial statements included in our Form 10-K, or for services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years; (ii) “audit-related fees” are fees for assurance and related services by our principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “audit fees;” (iii) “tax fees” are fees for professional services rendered by our principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning; and (iv) “all other fees” are fees for products and services provided by our principal accountant, other than the services reported under “audit fees,” “audit-related fees,” and “tax fees.”
Audit Fees
Weinberg provided services for the audits of our financial statements included in Annual Reports on Form 10-K and limited reviews of the financial statements included in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
Audit Related Fees
Weinberg did not provide any professional services which would be considered “audit related fees.”
Tax Fees
Weinberg prepared our 2019 and 2018 Federal and state income tax returns.
All Other Fees
Services provided by Weinberg with respect to the filing of various registration statements made throughout the year are considered “all other fees.”
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Under the SEC’s rules, the Audit Committee is required to pre-approve the audit and non-audit services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm in order to ensure that they do not impair the auditors’ independence. The SEC’s rules specify the types of non-audit services that an independent auditor may not provide to its audit client and establish the Audit Committee’s responsibility for administration of the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm.
Consistent with the SEC’s rules, the Audit Committee Charter requires that the Audit Committee review and pre-approve all audit services and permitted non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm to us or any of our subsidiaries. The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to a member of the Audit Committee and if it does, the decisions of that member must be presented to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. Accordingly, 100% of audit services and non-audit services described in this Item 14 were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
There were no hours expended on the principal accountant’s engagement to audit the registrant’s financial statements for the most recent fiscal year that were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant’s full-time, permanent employees.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statements
(a) 1. Financial Statements
See Index to Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All other financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are either not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index, which follows the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) Exhibits
See Item 15(a) (3) above.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
See Item 15(a) (2) above.