EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1692345
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1692345_10-K_2021_0001558370-21-003527.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1.Business
Overview
Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., (which is referred to in this Annual Report, as context requires, as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was formed on August 24, 2016, under the laws of Maryland to acquire and own a diverse portfolio of hospitality properties consisting primarily of select-service, extended-stay and compact full-service hotel properties throughout the United States. As of December 31, 2020, we owned an interest in four select-service hotel properties. We elected to be taxed as, and currently operate as, a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018.
Substantially all of our business is conducted through Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. We are externally managed by our advisor, Procaccianti Hotel Advisors, LLC (“PHA”) pursuant to an advisory agreement by and among us, our Operating Partnership and PHA, dated August 2, 2020 (as amended, the “Advisory Agreement”). PHA is an affiliate of our sponsor, Procaccianti Companies, Inc. (“Sponsor”).
Subscription proceeds from Class K common stock (“K Shares”), Class K-I common stock (“K-I Shares”) and Class K-T common stock (“K-T Shares”) in our Private Offering and our Public Offering, as discussed below, have been and will be applied to investments in hotel properties or real estate-related investments relating to hotel properties. The number of properties and other assets we will acquire will depend upon the number of shares sold and the resulting amount of net proceeds available for investment in properties and other assets and our ability to leverage such properties, as applicable.
We intend to make reserve allocations as necessary to aid our objective of preserving capital for our investors by supporting the maintenance and viability of properties we acquire in the future. If reserves and any other available income become insufficient to cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investment in one or more properties. There is no assurance that such funds will be available, or if available, that the terms will be acceptable to us.
On September 30, 2016, we commenced a private offering (“Private Offering”) of K Shares, $0.01 par value per share, and units, which are comprised of four K Shares and one share of Class A common stock (“A Shares”), each $0.01 par value per share (“Units”), for $10.00 per K Share and $50.00 per Unit, with a targeted maximum offering of $150,000,000 in K Shares (including K Shares sold as part of a Unit) to accredited investors only pursuant to a confidential private placement memorandum exempt from registration under the Securities Act. PHA and its affiliates agreed to purchase A Shares (separate from the purchase of Units), at $10.00 per share. We terminated our Private Offering prior to the commencement of the Public Offering (as defined below), and, as of such termination, received approximately $15,582,755 in gross proceeds from the sale of K Shares and A Shares, including Units, in the Private Offering. Of the $15,582,755 in gross proceeds received, $2,954,095 was from the sale of A Shares to TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC (“THR”), an affiliate of PHA, to fund organization and offering expenses associated with the K Shares and Units.
On August 14, 2018, we commenced our public offering (“Public Offering”) pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-217578) (“Registration Statement”), filed under the Securities Act with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), to offer up to $550,000,000 in shares of
common stock, including $500,000,000 in shares of common stock pursuant to the primary offering, consisting of the following three share classes: K Shares at an initial offering price of $10.00 per K Share, K-I Shares, at an initial offering price of $9.50 per K-I Share, and K-T Shares, at an initial offering price of $10.00 per K-T Share and $50,000,000 in shares of common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRIP”), at $9.50 per K Share, $9.50 per K-I Share and $9.50 per K-T Share. On November 16, 2018, we revised the offering price per K-I Share in the primary offering from $9.50 to $9.30 per K-I Share.
On March 22, 2018, our board of directors determined an estimated net asset value (“NAV”) per share of all classes of our capital stock, each calculated as of February 28, 2018, as follows: (i) $10.00 per K Share; (ii) $10.00 per K-I Share; (iii) $10.00 per K-T Share; (iv) $0.00 per A Share; and (v) $0.00 per share of Class B common stock (“B Shares”). On May 23, 2019, our board of directors determined an estimated NAV per share of all classes of our capital stock, each calculated as of March 31, 2019, as follows: (i) $10.00 per K Share; (ii) $10.00 per K-I Share; (iii) $10.00 per K-T Share; (iv) $3.97 per A Share; and (v) $0.00 per B Share. On April 7, 2020, in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, our board of directors unanimously approved the temporary suspension of (i) the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in the Public Offering, effective as of April 7, 2020 and (ii) the operation of the DRIP, effective as of April 17, 2020. On June 10, 2020, our board of directors determined an estimated NAV per share of all classes of our capital stock, each calculated as of March 31, 2020, as follows: (i) $8.56 per K-Share; (ii) $8.55 per K-I Share; (iii) $8.56 per K-T Share; (iv) $0.00 per A Share; and (v) $0.00 per B Share, and unanimously approved the resumption of our acceptance of subscriptions in our primary offering and the resumption of our DRIP (to be effective with our next authorized payment of distributions).
As of June 10, 2020, following the determination of an updated estimated NAV per share for all share classes, the offering and total dollar amount available for purchase per class in the primary offering portion of our Public Offering are as follows: $8.56 per K Share (up to $125,000,000 in shares), $7.95 per K-I Share (up to $125,000,000 in shares) and $8.56 per K-T Share (up to $250,000,000 in shares). The DRIP offering prices and total dollar amounts available for purchase in our DRIP are as follows: $8.13 per K Share (up to $12,500,000 in shares), $8.13 per K-I Share (up to $12,500,000 in shares) and $8.13 per K-T Share (up to $25,000,000 in shares). On June 10, 2020, our board of directors also approved the resumption of our share repurchase programs as it relates to all repurchase requests commencing with the July 2020 repurchase date.
Since the commencement of the Public Offering and as of December 31, 2020, we received approximately $30,189,759 in gross proceeds from the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in the Public Offering, inclusive of proceeds from the sale of $131,936 of K Shares, $102,455 of K-I Shares and $10,512 of K-T Shares pursuant to the DRIP. Additionally, on October 26, 2018 and June 10, 2019, we received $1,500,000 and $690,000, respectively, from the sale of A Shares to THR in private placements. We intend to use the proceeds from A Shares to pay the selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees, and other organizational and offering expenses related to the K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares sold in the primary offering portion of our Public Offering. In addition, we will allocate proceeds from the sale of A Shares in amounts that represent the difference between (i) the applicable estimated NAV per K-I Share and the applicable offering price of K-I Shares sold in our primary offering and (ii) any discount to the applicable offering price of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares arising from reduced or waived selling commissions (other than reduced selling commissions for volume discounts) or dealer manager fees.
As of March 23, 2021, we had sold 3,737,984 K Shares, 829,890 K-I Shares, 48,769 K-T Shares and 581,410 A Shares in all our offerings for gross proceeds of $36,552,712, $7,454,861, $486,012 and $5,814,095, respectively, and $50,307,680 in the aggregate. These gross proceeds are inclusive of 15,237 K Shares, 11,574 K-I Shares and 1,219 K-T Shares issued pursuant to our DRIP, for gross offering proceeds of $131,936, $102,455 and $10,512, respectively, or $244,903 in the aggregate.
On June 10, 2020, our board of directors authorized the extension of the term of the Public Offering until August 14, 2021. Under rules promulgated by the SEC, in some circumstances in which we are pursuing the registration of shares of our common stock in a follow-on public offering, we could continue the primary offering until as late as February 10, 2022. We may, in our sole discretion, terminate the Public Offering at any time.
COVID-19 Impact
In December 2019, COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, subsequently spread to other regions of the world, and has resulted in significant travel restrictions and extended shutdown of numerous businesses in every state in the United States. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. The negative impact on room demand within our portfolio stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic is significant. We experienced an initial decline in hotel revenue that began in our first fiscal quarter. However, with the continuing spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented governmental measures implemented in response, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated rapidly, and we experienced a much greater effect on occupancy and hotel revenue per room (“RevPAR”) throughout our hotel portfolio. We experienced reservation cancellations as well as a reduction in new reservations relative to prior expectations. The hotel industry and our portfolio have experienced the postponement or cancellation of a significant number of group bookings. Thus far, responses to the COVID-19 outbreak have included mandates from federal, state and/or local authorities that have restricted travel and the conduct of business, such as stay-at-home orders, quarantines, travel bans, border closings, business closures and other similar measures. As a result of COVID-19, the New Hanover County North Carolina Board of Commissioners instituted a State of Emergency effective March 28, 2020. Accordingly, as a result of this declaration, the Springhill Suites Wilmington, as defined herein, was instructed to close effective March 30, 2020 and remained closed until May 1, 2020. All four of our hotel properties were open and operational as of the date of the filing.
While efforts to reduce operating costs are underway, we cannot be certain as to what level of savings can be achieved overall to mitigate the material decline in hotel revenues we are experiencing. The full financial impact of the reduction in hotel demand caused by the pandemic cannot be reasonably estimated at this time due to uncertainty as to its severity and duration. Given the current availability and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, in addition to a decrease in government related mandates, the Company anticipates an improvement in traveler sentiment. However, we expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flow for at least the first half of 2021. As a result, we have reduced our planned capital expenditures and are working closely with our hotel managers to reduce our hotels’ operating expenses.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted by the Federal Government, which, among other things, provided emergency assistance to qualifying businesses and individuals as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act also included the establishment of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) loan to businesses with fewer than 500 employees that may be partially forgivable. In May 2020, we received $1,018,917 in PPP loans relating to our four hotel properties. We have applied for full forgiveness of these loans. The applications are currently in review with the SBA. We have applied for the second round of funding and have received $889,671 of the approximately $1,426,711 applied for as of March 26, 2021.
The Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, enacted December 27, 2020, made a number of changes to the employee retention tax credits previously made available under the CARES Act, including modifying and extending the Employee Retention Credit. On March 11, 2021, President Biden
signed the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“ARPA”), which is the latest stimulus package aimed at mitigating the financial impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The ARPA includes an extension of the CARES Act Employee Retention Tax Credit, as well as additional modifications of the credit for the last two calendar quarters of 2021. We plan to take advantage of this program to the extent we are eligible.
Until such time as the virus is contained or eradicated and business and personal travel return to more customary levels, we expect to see substantial erosion in hotel cash flow. There may also be lasting effects related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to a slowdown in the U.S. economy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there may be increased operating costs, reduced air travel or other unknown factors which could materially reduce our operating cash flow for an unknown period of time. Further, the market and economic challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic could materially affect (i) the value and performance of our investments, (ii) our ability to pay future distributions, (iii) the availability or terms of financings, (iv) our ability to make scheduled principal and interest payments, and (v) our ability to refinance any outstanding debt when contractually due.
2020 Highlights
As of December 31, 2020:
● we raised gross offering proceeds of $15,582,755 in our Private Offering, which terminated in August 2018, gross offering proceeds of $30,189,759 in our Public Offering, and gross offering proceeds of $2,190,000 from issuances of A Shares to THR in a private placement;
● we completed an investment in the Hilton Garden Inn Providence, a select-service hotel property, on February 27, 2020;
● our board of directors determined an estimated NAV per share of $8.56 for each of our K Shares and K-T Shares, $8.55 per K-I Share, $0.00 per A Share and $0.00 per B Share, as of March 31, 2020; and
● on March 3, 2020, our stockholders approved to amend our charter (1) to increase the rate at which cash distributions on K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares automatically accumulate under our charter from 6% to 7% per annum of the K Share Distribution Base of such K Share, K-I Share Distribution Base of such K-I Share and K-T Share Distribution Base of such K-T Share, respectively, and (2) to increase the maximum rate at which distributions on A Shares may be authorized by our board of directors and declared by us from 6% to 7% of the stated value of an A Share ($10.00) from income and cash flow from ordinary operations on a cumulative basis. The changes pursuant to the Articles of Amendment to our charter became effective beginning with distributions that accumulated on March 31, 2020.
Investment Objectives
We invest in commercial real estate properties with an intended focus on the hotel sector. Our primary investment objectives are:
● to provide stable income for stockholders through the payment of cash distributions;
● to preserve and return stockholders’ capital contributions; and
● to maximize risk-adjusted returns on stockholders’ investment.
Investment Strategy
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in the Public Offering and other sources of debt and equity financing, including the net proceeds of any future private placement or public offering we may pursue, to invest in a diverse portfolio of real estate investments located throughout the United States, primarily in the hospitality sector. We intend to acquire existing hotel properties and enter into management agreements for their operations, with the objective of providing a stable and secure source of income for our stockholders and maximizing potential returns upon disposition of our assets through capital appreciation. Within our hotel portfolio, we will focus on investments in “upper midscale,” “upscale,” and “upper upscale” properties that satisfy our investment goals.
While our emphasis will be on stabilized, income-producing hospitality assets, a limited portion of our overall portfolio may include properties that offer modest value-add opportunities through limited capital improvements, revenue enhancements, operational improvements, and correction of expense inefficiencies. We may seek to acquire such assets directly or through joint ventures. Additionally, we may seek to acquire real-estate related loans or preferred equity securities of other real estate companies, all of which we collectively refer to herein as “real estate-related assets,” in each case with the intent of acquiring the underlying real estate, provided that the underlying real estate generally meets our criteria for direct investment. We may also acquire any other investment that, in the opinion of our board of directors, meets our investment objectives, is consistent with our intent to operate as a REIT, and is in our stockholders’ best interests.
After we have invested substantially all of the net proceeds of the Public Offering and other sources of debt and equity financing, we expect that hospitality properties will comprise between 90% and 100% of the aggregate cost of our portfolio. Mortgage loans, other real-estate related debt, and preferred equity should comprise up to 10% of the aggregate cost of our portfolio. Our board of directors may revise this targeted portfolio allocation from time to time, or at any time, if it determines that a different portfolio composition is in our stockholders’ best interests.
Real Estate Portfolio
As of December 31, 2020, we owned interests in four select-service hotel properties located in four states with a total of 483 rooms. On February 27, 2020, we, through our Operating Partnership, completed the acquisition of the membership interests in Gano Holdings, LLC, which owned 100% of the fee simple interest in the Hilton Garden Inn Providence, a select-service hotel. We, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of our Operating Partnership, owned 100% of the fee simple interest in the Hotel Indigo Traverse City, a select-service hotel property, and, through our joint venture with PCF an affiliate of our Sponsor, owned a 51% interest in two select-service hotel properties, the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg and the Springhill Suites Wilmington. These properties were financed with a combination of debt and offering proceeds from both our Private Offering and our Public Offering.
The following table summarizes our four select-service hotel properties as of December 31, 2020:
Contract
Mortgage
Ownership
Purchase
Debt
Property Name*
Date Acquired
Location
Interest
Price(1)(2)
Rooms
Outstanding
Springhill Suites Wilmington
05/24/2017
(1)
Wilmington, NC
%
$
18,000,000
$
11,168,424
Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg
06/29/2017
(1)
St. Petersburg, FL
%
$
20,500,000
$
13,222,109
Hotel Indigo Traverse City
08/15/2018
Traverse City, MI
%
$
26,050,000
$
15,092,000
Hilton Garden Inn Providence
02/27/2020
Providence, RI
%
$
28,500,000
$
16,936,901
*
We believe each property is suitable for its present and intended purposes and adequately covered by insurance.
(1) Represents the date and contract purchase price of PCF’s acquisition of the Springhill Suites Wilmington and the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg. We exercised our option under an option agreement to purchase a 51% membership interest in PCF on March 29, 2018.
(2) Contract purchase price excludes acquisition fees and costs.
While we desire to invest in upgrades and improvements that are normal in the course of our business during the year ending December 31, 2021, for which we would use cash on hand in our furniture, fixtures and equipment reserve accounts, we have no current plans for upgrades and improvements as of the date of this Annual Report.
Borrowing Policies
Under our charter, our borrowings may not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined in our charter) as of the date of any borrowing (which is the maximum level of indebtedness permitted under the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts revised and adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association on May 7, 2007, or the NASAA REIT Guidelines, absent a satisfactory showing that a higher level is appropriate), which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments. However, we can exceed this threshold if doing so is approved by a majority of our independent directors and is disclosed to our stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation of the justification for the excess borrowing.
Examples of justifications that could be found by a majority of our independent directors include: (i) if the value of our portfolio declined and new borrowings were necessary to repay existing obligations, (ii) to pay sufficient distributions to maintain our REIT status, or (iii) to buy a property where an exceptional acquisition opportunity presented itself and the terms of the debt and nature of the property were such that the debt did not increase the risk that we would become unable to meet our financial obligations as they became due. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow for the purchase of any single property, but our portfolio leverage cannot exceed 75% of the cost of our investments without justification; however, we intend to target a leverage ratio of the greater of 50% loan-to-value or loan-to-cost. During the initial stages of our offering, however, our leverage ratio could exceed our target leverage ratio. Should a majority of our independent directors find justification, there will be no limitation on our portfolio leverage.
We intend to maintain amounts outstanding under long-term debt arrangements or lines of credit so that we will have more funds available for investment in properties, which will allow us to acquire a more diversified portfolio. However, the percentage of debt financing we utilize at any given time will be dependent upon various factors to be considered in the sole discretion of our board of directors, including, but
not limited to, our ability to raise equity proceeds from the sale of our securities in this and future offerings, our ability to pay distributions, the availability of properties meeting our investment criteria, the availability of debt financing, and changes in the cost of debt financing. To help finance our initial acquisitions, we may utilize short-term borrowings. However, after our initial property acquisitions, as a general principle, we anticipate that the term of any debt financing we utilize will correspond to the anticipated holding period for the respective property.
Our use of leverage increases the risk of default on mortgage payments and a resulting foreclosure of a particular property. To the extent that we do not obtain mortgage loans on our properties, our ability to acquire additional properties will be limited. When interest rates on mortgage loans are high or financing is otherwise unavailable on a timely basis, we may purchase certain properties for cash with the intention of obtaining a mortgage loan for a portion of the purchase price at a later time. PHA will seek to obtain financing on our behalf on the most favorable terms available. Lenders may have recourse to assets not securing the repayment of indebtedness.
PHA may refinance properties during the term of a loan in various circumstances, such as when a decline in interest rates makes it beneficial to prepay an existing mortgage, when an existing mortgage matures, or if an attractive investment becomes available and the proceeds from refinancing can be used to purchase such investment. The benefits of the refinancing may include an increased cash flow resulting from reduced debt service requirements, an increase in distributions from proceeds of the refinancing, if any, and/or an increase in property ownership if some refinancing proceeds are reinvested in real estate.
We may repay borrowings under any future credit facility or under any future long-term mortgage debt with proceeds from the sale of properties, operating cash flow, long-term mortgage debt, proceeds from the Public Offering, proceeds from any future private or public offering, or proceeds from any other future securities offerings.
As of December 31, 2020, our total outstanding indebtedness totaled $57,532,545. This amount did not exceed 300% of the value of our net assets.
Economic Dependency
We depend on PHA for certain services that are essential to us, including the identification, evaluation, negotiation, purchase and disposition of properties and other investments, management of the daily operations of our real estate portfolio, and other general and administrative responsibilities. In the event that PHA is unable to provide these services to us, we will be required to obtain such services from other sources, and our failure to identify such other sources could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We also depend upon our dealer manager for the sale of our shares of common stock in our offering.
Competition
The hotel industry is highly competitive. Our hotel properties will compete on the basis of location, room rates, quality, range of services, brand affiliation, and reservation systems, among many other factors. New hotel properties may be constructed, which results in new competitors in a market, in some cases without corresponding increases in demand for hotel rooms. We expect to face competition from many sources. We will face competition from other hotel properties both in the immediate vicinity and the geographic market where our hotel properties will be located. Over-building of hotel properties in the markets in which we operate may increase the number of rooms available and may decrease occupancy and room rates, which would adversely affect our operations.
We will also compete with alternative lodging products for guests. Certain companies, including Airbnb, homeaway.com and VRBO.com offer vacation and overnight lodging to the public. This competition could reduce occupancy levels and rental revenues at our properties, which would adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth.
We will compete with numerous real estate companies and other owners of real estate in seeking hotel properties for acquisition and pursuing buyers for dispositions. We expect that other real estate investors, including insurance companies, private equity funds, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, other REITs and other well-capitalized investors, will compete with us to acquire existing properties, and many of these investors will have greater sources of capital to acquire properties. This competition could increase prices for properties of the type we would likely pursue and adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth. Competition when multiple hospitality investors are seeking to dispose of properties can conversely decrease prices for properties, which, if we are trying to dispose of properties, could adversely affect our profitability and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Income Taxes
We elected to be taxed as, and currently qualify as, a REIT under the Code commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent we distribute qualifying dividends to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year following the year we initially elected to be taxed as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to our stockholders. However, we are, and intend to continue to be, organized and operated in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
Distribution Policy
Our board of directors may authorize payment of distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status as it deems appropriate. Through the first quarter of 2020, we paid regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, our board of directors may reconsider our current distribution policy and may take further action with respect to distributions for our common stock, and could consider eliminating, suspending, or significantly reducing the payment of distributions in the future. The timing and amount of distributions will be determined by our board of directors, in its sole discretion, and may vary from time to time. Our board of directors’ discretion will be influenced in substantial part by its obligation to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to pay distributions on our K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares. However, distributions will continue to accumulate pursuant to our charter.
Our board of directors has adopted a policy to refrain from funding distributions with offering proceeds; instead, we plan to fund distributions from cash flows from operations and capital transactions (other than the Public Offering or other securities offerings but which may include the sale of one or more assets). However, our charter does not restrict us from paying distributions from any particular source, including proceeds from
securities offerings, and our board of directors has the ability to change our policy regarding the source of distributions. However, in accordance with Maryland law, we may not make distributions that would: (1) cause us to be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; or (2) cause our total assets to be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus, unless our charter provides otherwise, senior liquidation preferences. Our charter currently provides that amounts that would be needed, if we were to dissolve at the time of such distributions, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of holders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares shall not be added to our total liabilities for these purposes. Subject to the preceding, our board of directors will determine the amount of distributions we will pay to our stockholders. We have not established a minimum distribution level.
We paid quarterly distributions with respect to the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the quarter ended June 30, 2020, and for a portion of the quarter ended September 30, 2020, with gross operating cash flow from our hotel properties, consistent with prior distributions. Our board of directors will make determinations as to the payment of future distributions on a quarter by quarter basis; however, distributions will continue to accumulate pursuant to the Company’s charter.
Conflicts of Interest
PHA will experience potential conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business affairs, including the following:
● through a facilities, personnel, equipment, and cost sharing agreement between PHA and our Sponsor (which we refer to as a cost sharing agreement), PHA utilizes employees from affiliated entities, including our Sponsor, in connection with various services, such as acquisitions, asset management, human resources, accounting, tax, valuation, information technology services, office space, compliance, and legal;
● PHA shares personnel with its affiliates, and such personnel must determine which investment opportunities to recommend to us or another program or joint venture managed by PHA or an affiliate, and must determine how to allocate resources among us and any other future programs or investments managed by PHA or its affiliates;
● PHA, our property manager, their affiliates, and their employees share resources and allocate their time between us and the other real estate investment projects and business activities in which they may be involved;
● PHA may structure the terms of joint ventures between us and programs sponsored by our Sponsor’s affiliates;
● PHA and its affiliates will have to allocate their time between us and other real estate programs and activities in which they are involved;
● PHA and its affiliates receive fees in connection with the purchase, management, and sale of our properties, regardless of the quality of the property acquired or the services provided to us;
● Due to the apparent preference of public markets for internally managed companies, a decision to list our shares on a national securities exchange could be preceded by a decision to become internally managed. Given PHA’s familiarity with our assets and operations, we could prefer to become internally managed by acquiring PHA. Even though PHA will not receive internalization fees, such
an internalization transaction could result in significant payments to affiliates of PHA irrespective of whether our stockholders received the returns on which we have conditioned other back-end compensation, and we would not be required to seek a stockholder vote to become internally managed; and
● All of our officers will face these conflicts because of their affiliation with PHA.
Regulations
Our investments are subject to various federal, state, and local laws, ordinances, and regulations, including, among other things, zoning regulations, land use controls, environmental controls relating to air and water quality, noise pollution, and indirect environmental impacts such as increased motor vehicle activity. We believe that we have all permits and approvals necessary under current law to operate our investments.
Seasonality
The hotel industry historically has been seasonal in nature. Seasonal variations in occupancy at our hotel properties, and other hotel properties we may acquire, may cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues. Specifically, business class hotels tend to draw lower occupancy rates during holidays, as there is less business travel on such dates. To the extent that cash flow from operations is insufficient during any quarter, due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in revenue, we expect to utilize cash on hand or, if necessary, any available other financing sources to make distributions.
Employees
We have no paid employees. The employees of PHA or its affiliates provide management, acquisition, advisory and certain administrative services for us. Pursuant to our Advisory Agreement with PHA, we will reimburse PHA for costs incurred in providing these administrative services. PHA will be required to allocate the cost of such services to us based on objective factors such as total assets, revenues and/or time allocations. At least annually, our board of directors will review the amount of administrative services expense reimbursable to PHA to determine whether such amounts are reasonable in relation to the services provided. As of December 31, 2020, PHA has forfeited its right to collect reimbursement for providing these administrative services provided through such date.
Financial Information About Industry Segments
Our current business consists of owning, managing, operating, leasing, acquiring, developing, investing in, and disposing of real estate assets. We internally evaluate all of our real estate assets as one industry segment, and, accordingly, we do not report segment information.
Available Information
We are subject to the reporting and information requirements of the Exchange Act and, accordingly, we file Annual Reports, Quarterly Reports, and other information with the SEC. Access to copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the SEC, including amendments to such filing, may be obtained free of charge from our website, https://www.prochotelreit.com. These filings are available promptly after we file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We are not incorporating our website or any information from the website into this Annual Report. The SEC also maintains a website, http://www.sec.gov, which contains our Annual Reports on
Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K and other filings with the SEC. Access to these filings is free of charge.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A.Risk Factors
The factors described below represent our principal risks. Other factors may exist that we do not consider to be significant based on information that is currently available or that we are not currently able to anticipate.
Risks Relating to an Investment in Us
No public market currently exists for our securities, and we have no current plans to list our shares on an exchange. If you are able to sell your securities, you would likely have to sell them at a substantial discount from the offering price.
There is no current public market for our securities, and we currently have no plans to list any of the securities we are offering on a national securities exchange or to liquidate our assets by a specified date. You may not sell your securities unless the buyer meets the applicable suitability and minimum purchase standards. Any sale of your shares must also comply with applicable securities laws. Our charter also contains a limitation on ownership that prohibits any person or entity from actually, constructively, or beneficially acquiring or owning more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our capital stock (which includes K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares), or more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of any class or series of shares of our stock, unless exempted, prospectively or retroactively, by our board of directors. Our board of directors may waive this ownership limit with respect to a particular person if the board receives certain representations and warranties as required by our charter. This provision may inhibit large investors from purchasing your shares. Moreover, our share repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that limit your ability to sell your K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares to us, and our board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program upon 30 days’ notice. Therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares promptly or at all. If you are able to sell your shares, you will likely have to sell them at a substantial discount from the price at which you purchased them from us. It is also likely that your shares will not be accepted as the primary collateral for a loan. You should purchase our shares only as a long-term investment because of their illiquid nature.
We may be unable to pay or maintain cash distributions or increase distributions over time.
There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders. Distributions will be based principally on cash available from our operations. The amount of cash available for distribution is affected by many factors, such as our ability to acquire commercial real estate assets as offering proceeds become available, income from such investments, and our operating expense levels, as well as many other variables. Actual cash available for distribution may vary substantially from estimates. With our limited operating history, we cannot assure you that we will be able to pay or maintain a level of distributions or that distributions will increase over time. We cannot give any assurance that returns from the investments that we acquire will increase, that the securities we buy will increase in value or provide constant or increased distributions over time, or that future acquisitions of commercial real estate will increase our cash available for distribution to stockholders. Our actual results may differ significantly from the assumptions used by our board of directors in establishing the distribution rate to stockholders. We may not have sufficient cash from operations to make a distribution required to qualify for or maintain our REIT status, which may materially adversely affect your investment.
We have a limited operating history, which makes our future performance and the performance of your investment difficult to predict.
We were organized on August 24, 2016. We have limited operations. Our lack of operating history significantly increases the risk and uncertainty you face in investing in our shares.
Purchases of shares of stock by our directors, our officers, officers and employees of our advisor or TPG, other affiliates, and individuals designated by management in our offering should not influence investment decisions of independent, unaffiliated investors.
Our directors, officers and employees of our advisor, TPG and other affiliates and individuals designated by management may purchase K Shares and K-I Shares in the offering. Management may designate individuals who have prior business and/or personal relationships with our executive officers, directors, advisor, or Sponsor, including, without limitation, any service provider, to purchase our K Shares and
K-I Shares and to receive certain discounts. There can be no assurance as to the amount, if any, of K Shares and K-I Shares that these parties may acquire in the offering. Any shares purchased by directors, officers, and employees of our dealer manager, other affiliates or friends of ours will be purchased for investment purposes only. However, the investment decisions made by any such directors, officers, officers and employees of our advisor or TPG, other affiliates, or friends should not influence your decision to invest in our shares of common stock and you should make your own independent investment decision concerning the risks and benefits of an investment in our securities.
If we are unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions.
We will be competing to acquire real estate investments with other REITs, real estate limited partnerships, pension funds and their advisors, bank and insurance company investment accounts and other entities. Many of our competitors have greater financial resources and a greater ability to borrow funds to acquire properties than we do. We cannot be sure that our advisor will be successful in obtaining suitable investments on financially attractive terms or that, if our advisor makes investments on our behalf, our objectives will be achieved. The more money we raise in our offering, the greater will be our challenge to invest all of the net offering proceeds on attractive terms. Therefore, the size of our offering increases the risk that we may pay too much for real estate acquisitions. If we, through our advisor, are unable to find suitable investments promptly, we will hold the proceeds from the K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in our offering in an interest-bearing account or invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade investments and may, ultimately, liquidate. We expect we will earn yields substantially lower than the income that we anticipate receiving from investments in the future that meet our investment objectives. As a result, any distributions we make while our portfolio is not fully invested in properties meeting our investment objectives may be substantially lower than the distributions that we expect to pay when our portfolio is fully invested in properties meeting our investment objectives. In the event we are unable to timely locate suitable investments, we may be unable or limited in our ability to pay distributions.
If we raise substantial offering proceeds in a short period of time, we may not be able to invest all of the net offering proceeds promptly, which may cause our distributions and the long-term returns to our investors to be lower than they otherwise might be.
We could suffer from delays in locating suitable investments. The more money we raise in our offering, the more difficult it will be to invest the net offering proceeds promptly. Therefore, the size of our offering increases the risk of delays in investing our net offering proceeds. Our reliance on our advisor to locate
suitable investments for us at times when the management of our advisor is simultaneously seeking to locate suitable investments for other investment programs sponsored by our advisor’s affiliates could also delay the investment of the proceeds of our offering. Delays we encounter in the selection and acquisition of income-producing properties would likely limit our ability to pay distributions to you and reduce your overall returns.
The personnel of our advisor do not have significant experience in operating under the constraints imposed on us as a REIT, which may hinder the achievement of our investment objectives.
The Code imposes numerous constraints on the operations of REITs that do not apply to many of the other investment vehicles managed by our Sponsor, our advisor and their affiliates. Our qualification as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet requirements regarding our organization and ownership, distributions of our income, the nature and diversification of our income and assets and other tests imposed by the Code. Any failure to so comply could cause us to fail to satisfy the requirements associated with REIT status. The personnel of our advisor do not have significant experience operating under these constraints, which may hinder our ability to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and to achieve our investment objectives. As a result, we cannot assure you that our advisor will be able to operate our business under these constraints. If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year after electing REIT status, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends-paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.
We depend upon key personnel of our Sponsor, PHA (our advisor), and TPG Hotels and Resorts, Inc. and its affiliates and/or designees (our property manager).
We are an externally managed REIT and therefore we do not have any internal management capacity or employees. We will depend to a significant degree on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of certain of our executive officers and other key personnel of our advisor to achieve our investment objectives. We expect that our advisor will evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor our investments in accordance with the terms of the Advisory Agreement. We also will depend on our property manager for hotel property management and construction services.
We depend upon the senior professionals of our advisor and our property manager to maintain relationships with potential investments, and we intend to rely upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. We do not intend to purchase “key person” insurance coverage with respect to key personnel and the key personnel of our advisor or property manager. We cannot assure you that these relationships will yield attractive investment opportunities. If these individuals do not maintain their existing relationships with our advisor or property manager or maintain existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the senior professionals of our advisor and our property manager have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities. Therefore, we can offer no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
Our advisor is an affiliate of, and under common control with, Procaccianti Companies and will, in turn, depend upon access to the investment professionals and other resources of Procaccianti Companies and its affiliates to fulfill its obligations to us under the Advisory Agreement. Our advisor will also depend on Procaccianti Companies to obtain access to deal flow generated by its professionals. We believe that our
future success depends, in a large part, on Procaccianti Companies’ ability to hire and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing personnel. Competition to retain such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that Procaccianti Companies will be successful. Through a cost sharing agreement between our advisor and the Sponsor, our advisor may utilize employees from affiliated entities, including Procaccianti Companies, in connection with various services such as human resources, accounting, tax, valuation, information technology services, office space, compliance, and legal. Under this cost sharing agreement, these costs are allocated to our advisor based on a per employee charge that is assigned to provide services to it. To the extent an employee is not fully allocated to our advisor, the charge for services is pro-rated accordingly. Procaccianti Companies and our advisor or its affiliates pay all of the employees assigned to provide services to our advisor. We cannot assure you that Procaccianti Companies and its affiliates will fulfill their obligations under this agreement with our advisor. If Procaccianti Companies and its affiliates fail to perform, we cannot assure you that our advisor will enforce the cost sharing agreement, that such agreement will not be terminated by either party, or that we will continue to have access to the investment professionals of Procaccianti Companies and its affiliates, or their market knowledge and deal flow.
Because we are prohibited from operating hotel properties pursuant to certain tax laws relating to our qualification as a REIT, the entities through which we own the hotel properties will lease the hotel properties to one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). We expect all or substantially all of these subsidiaries will enter into property management agreements with one or more affiliated property management companies. These affiliated property management companies may include TPG Hotels & Resorts, Inc., an affiliate of our Sponsor and advisor, and TPG’s wholly owned subsidiaries, which we collectively refer to as TPG, or other affiliates and/or designees of TPG. We refer to TPG and such other affiliates and/or designees collectively as our property manager. If we acquire hotel property where we cannot use our property manager to manage the property, we may use a third-party property management company. Generally, however, we expect a substantial portion, if not all, of our hotel properties to be managed by our property manager.
If our advisor is unable to manage our investments effectively, we may be unable to achieve our investment objectives.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives will depend on our ability to manage our business and to grow our business. This will depend, in turn, on our advisor’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor properties that meet our investment criteria. The achievement of our investment objectives on a cost-effective basis will depend upon our advisor’s execution of our investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and our access to financing on acceptable terms. Our advisor has substantial responsibilities under the Advisory Agreement. The personnel of our advisor are engaged in other business activities that could distract them and divert their time and attention such that they can no longer dedicate a significant portion of their time to our business or such that they might otherwise slow our rate of investment. Any failure to manage our business and our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may not replicate the historical results achieved by other entities managed or sponsored by affiliates of our advisor, members of our advisor’s investment committee or by Procaccianti Companies or its affiliates.
Our primary focus of acquiring and investing in a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate consisting primarily of hospitality properties across the United States differs from that of certain existing investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles that are or have been managed by affiliates of our advisor or members of our advisor’s investment committee or that are or have been sponsored by Procaccianti Companies or its affiliates. In addition, many of the previously sponsored investment programs by
Procaccianti Companies were significantly different from us in terms of targeted assets, regulatory structure and limitations, investment strategy and objectives and investment personnel. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results, and there can be no assurance that we will achieve comparable results of those Procaccianti Companies affiliates. In addition, investors in our K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares are not acquiring an interest in any such investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles that are or have been managed by affiliates of our advisor or members of our advisor’s investment committee or sponsored by Procaccianti Companies or its affiliates. We also cannot assure you that we will replicate the historical results achieved by members of the investment committee, and we caution you that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by them in prior periods. Additionally, all or a portion of the prior results may have been achieved in particular market conditions that may never be repeated.
Because we are conducting a “blind pool” offering, you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them, which makes an investment in us more speculative.
We have not identified all of the properties we will acquire with the net proceeds from the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in our offering. Our ability to identify well-performing properties and achieve our investment objectives depends upon the performance of our advisor in the acquisition of our investments and the determination of any financing arrangements. The size of our offering increases the challenges that our advisor will face in investing our net offering proceeds promptly in attractive properties, and the continuing high demand for the type of properties we desire to purchase increases the risk that we may pay too much for the properties that we do purchase. We will seek to invest substantially all of the net proceeds from the sale of our K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares, after the payment of certain fees and expenses, in a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate investments consisting primarily of hotel properties across the United States in accordance with our investment objectives and using the strategies described in this Annual Report. However, you will be unable to evaluate the economic merit of specific real estate projects before we invest in them. We expect to rely entirely on the ability of our advisor to select suitable and successful investment opportunities. We will not provide you with information to evaluate our proposed investments prior to our acquisition of those investments. Because of the illiquid nature of our shares, even if we disclose information about our potential investments before we make them, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares promptly or at all. Furthermore, our board of directors will have broad discretion in implementing investment policies. These factors increase the risk that your investment may not generate returns consistent with your expectations.
Distributions paid from sources other than our cash flows from operations, particularly from proceeds of our offering, will result in us having fewer funds available for the acquisition of properties and other real estate-related investments and may dilute your interests in us, which may adversely affect our ability to fund future distributions with cash flows from operations and may adversely affect your overall return.
We have paid, and may continue to pay, distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations. Distributions declared for periods in which we did not own an interest in the four select-service properties described herein were funded with proceeds from subordinated promissory notes that we entered into with our advisor. While our board has adopted a policy to refrain from funding distributions with offering proceeds, our charter contains no such limitation and our board of directors may change our distribution policy in its sole discretion at any time subject to the provisions of Maryland law. Under Maryland law, we may not make distributions that would: (1) cause us to be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; or (2) cause our total assets to be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus senior liquidation preferences, if any. Our charter currently provides that amounts that would be needed, if we were to dissolve at the time of such distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of holders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares shall not be added to our total liabilities for these purposes.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we paid aggregate distributions of $1,896,748, including $1,713,172 of distributions paid in cash and 21,574 shares of our common stock issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan for $183,576. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a net loss of $3,826,605, we had negative funds from operations (“FFO”) of $1,368,019 and net cash used in operations of $477,792. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we funded $1,896,748, or 100%, of total distributions paid, including shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, from gross cash flow from operations at our hotel properties. Since inception, of the $3,528,321 in total distributions paid through December 31, 2020, including shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, we funded $3,434,127 or 97% from cash flow from operations and $94,194 or 3% from notes payable. For information on how we calculate FFO and the reconciliation of FFO to net loss, see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Funds from Operations and Modified Funds from Operations.”
If we fund distributions from the proceeds of our offering, we will have less funds available for acquiring properties or other real estate-related investments. As a result, the return you realize on your investment may be reduced. Funding distributions from borrowings could restrict the amount we can borrow for investments, which may affect our profitability. Funding distributions with the sale of assets or the proceeds of our offering may affect our ability to generate cash flows. Funding distributions from the sale of additional securities could dilute your interest in us if we sell our shares of common stock or securities convertible or exercisable into our shares of common stock to third-party investors. Payment of distributions from the mentioned sources could restrict our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, affect our profitability, or affect the distributions payable to you upon a liquidity event, any or all of which may have an adverse effect on your investment.
Our advisor can resign on 60 days’ notice from its role as advisor, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely affect our financial condition, business, and results of operations and cash flows.
Our advisor has the right, under the Advisory Agreement, to resign at any time upon not less than 60 days’ written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If our advisor resigns, we may not be able to find a new advisor or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 60 days, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our operations are likely to experience a disruption, and our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay distributions, are likely to be adversely affected. In addition, the coordination of our management and investment activities is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by our advisor and its affiliates. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, the integration of such management and its lack of familiarity with our investment objectives may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We will incur significant costs as a result of being a public company.
As a public company, we will be required to register our securities under the Exchange Act and we will incur legal, accounting and other expenses, including costs associated with the periodic reporting requirements applicable to a company whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act, as well as additional corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and other rules implemented by the SEC.
We depend on information systems, and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Our business depends on the communications and information systems of Procaccianti Companies, to which we have access through our advisor. In addition, certain of these systems are provided to Procaccianti Companies by third-party service providers. Any failure or interruption of such systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any such third-party service provider, could cause delays or other problems in our activities. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and negatively affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The result of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen assets or information, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our tenant and investor relationships. As our reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to our information systems, both internal to our advisor and its affiliates and those that have been outsourced. There is no guarantee that any processes, procedures and internal controls our advisor implements will prevent cyber intrusions, which could have a negative impact on our financial results, operations, business relationships or confidential information.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our directors are limited, which could reduce your and our recovery against them if they negligently cause us to incur losses.
Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter provides that no director generally shall be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages and that we generally will indemnify them for losses unless, in the case of an independent director, such director is grossly negligent or engages in willful misconduct or, in the case of our directors who are also our executive officers or affiliates of our advisor, unless such directors are negligent or grossly negligent or engage in willful misconduct. As a result, you and we may have more limited rights against our directors than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce your and our recovery from these persons if they act in a negligent manner. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our independent directors (as well as by our other directors, officers, employees and agents) in some cases, which would decrease the cash otherwise available for distributions to you.
Risks Related to Our Offering and Our Corporate Structure
We intend to disclose FFO and modified FFO (“MFFO”), each a non-GAAP financial measure, in future communications with investors, including documents filed with the SEC; however, FFO and MFFO are not equivalent to our net income or loss as determined under GAAP, and you should consider GAAP measures to be more relevant to our operating performance.
We will use, and we intend to disclose to investors, FFO and MFFO, which are non-GAAP financial measures. FFO and MFFO are not equivalent to our net income or loss as determined in accordance with GAAP, and investors should consider GAAP measures to be more relevant in evaluating our operating performance. FFO and MFFO, on the one hand, and GAAP net income or loss, on the other hand, differ because FFO and MFFO exclude gains or losses from sales of property and asset impairment write-downs, and add back depreciation and amortization and adjust for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. MFFO further excludes acquisition-related expenses, amortization of above- and below-market leases, fair value adjustments of derivative financial instruments, deferred rent receivables and the adjustments of such items related to non-controlling interests.
Because of the differences between FFO and MFFO and GAAP net income or loss, FFO and MFFO may not be accurate indicators of our operating performance, especially during periods in which we are acquiring properties. In addition, FFO and MFFO are not indicative of cash flow available to fund cash needs, and investors should not consider FFO and MFFO as alternatives to cash flows from operations or an indication of our liquidity, or indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Neither the SEC nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments that we use to calculate FFO and MFFO. Also, because not all companies calculate FFO and MFFO the same way, comparisons with other companies may not be meaningful.
No investor may own more than 9.8% of our stock unless exempted by our board of directors, which may discourage a takeover that could otherwise result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. There is a limitation on ownership that prohibits any person or entity from actually, constructively or beneficially acquiring or owning more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our capital stock (which includes K Shares, K-I Shares and
K-T Shares), or more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of any class or series of shares of our stock, unless exempted, prospectively or retroactively, by our board of directors. Our board of directors may waive this ownership limit with respect to a particular person if the board receives certain representations and warranties as required by our charter. This restriction may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our capital stock.
Our charter permits our board of directors to issue stock with terms that may subordinate the rights of our holders of K Shares, K-I Shares, K-T Shares, A Shares, and B Shares or discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that could result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued K Shares, K-I Shares, K-T Shares, A Shares, or B Shares into other classes or series of stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption of any such stock. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of a new class of
capital stock with terms and conditions that could have priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our existing K Shares, K-I Shares, K-T Shares, A Shares, and B Shares. Such new class of stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price to holders of our existing capital stock.
We may grant stock-based awards to our directors, employees and consultants pursuant to a long-term incentive plan, which will have a dilutive effect on your investment in us.
Our board of directors intends to adopt a long-term incentive plan, pursuant to which we will be authorized to grant restricted stock, stock options, restricted or deferred stock units, performance awards or other stock-based awards to directors, employees and consultants selected by our board of directors for participation in the plan. We currently intend to issue awards of restricted K Shares to our independent directors under our long-term incentive plan. Our executive officers, as key personnel of our advisor, also may be entitled to receive awards in the future under our long-term incentive plan. If we issue additional stock-based awards to eligible participants under our long-term incentive plan, the issuance of these stock-based awards will dilute your investment in our shares of capital stock purchased in our offering.
Certain expected features of the long-term incentive plan could have a dilutive effect on your investment in us, including (1) a lack of annual award limits, individually or in the aggregate (subject to the limit on the maximum number of shares which may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the plan), (2) the fact that the limit on the maximum number of shares which may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the plan will not be tied to the amount of proceeds raised in the offering, and (3) share counting procedures which we expect will provide that shares subject to certain awards, including, without limitation, substitute awards granted by us to employees of another entity in connection with our merger or consolidation with such company or shares subject to outstanding awards of another company assumed by us in connection with our merger or consolidation with such company, will not be subject to the limit on the maximum number of shares which may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the plan.
You will have limited control over changes in our policies and operations, which increases the uncertainty and risks you face as a stockholder.
Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without your vote except to the extent that such policies are set forth in our charter. Our board’s broad discretion in setting policies and your inability to exert control over those policies increases the uncertainty and risks you face as a stockholder.
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders are generally entitled to vote only on the following matters: (a) election and removal of directors; (b) amendment of the charter, except that our board of directors may amend our charter without stockholder approval to (i) increase or decrease the aggregate number of our shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we have the authority to issue, (ii) effect certain reverse stock splits, and (iii) change our name or the name or other designation or the par value of any class or series of our stock and the aggregate par value of our stock; (c) effect our liquidation or dissolution; and (d) to the extent required under Maryland law, effect a merger, conversion or consolidation of us, a statutory share exchange, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets. With respect to all matters, other than the election or removal of directors, our board of directors must first adopt a resolution declaring that a proposed action is advisable and direct that such matter be submitted to our stockholders for approval or ratification. These limitations on voting rights
may limit your ability to influence decisions regarding our business. Holders of our K Shares, K-I Shares,
K-T Shares and A Shares will have identical voting rights.
We may change our targeted investments without stockholder consent.
We expect our portfolio of investments in commercial real estate to consist primarily of hospitality properties. Though this is our current target portfolio, we may make adjustments to our target portfolio based on real estate market conditions and investment opportunities, and we may change our targeted investments and investment guidelines at any time without the consent of our stockholders. Any such change could result in our making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the investments described in this Annual Report. Our charter requires that our independent directors review our investment policies at least annually to determine that the policies we are following are in the best interests of our stockholders. These policies may change over time. A change in our targeted investments or investment guidelines, which may occur without your consent, may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and real estate market fluctuations, all of which could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to you and the value of the securities we are offering through our prospectus.
You may not be able to have your K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares repurchased under the share repurchase program; if you are able to have your K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares repurchased under the share repurchase program, you may not be able to recover the amount of your investment.
Our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase program available to holders of our K Shares,
K-I Shares and K-T Shares, but there are significant conditions and limitations that limit your ability to have your K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares repurchased under the plan. Repurchases of our K Shares,
K-I Shares and K-T Shares, when requested, are at our sole discretion and generally will be made quarterly. A holder of K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares, as applicable, must have beneficially held its shares for at least one year prior to offering them for sale to us through our share repurchase program, unless the K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares, as applicable, are being repurchased in connection with a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability or other exigent circumstance as determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion.
● The per share repurchase price will depend on the length of time you have held such shares as follows:
● after one year from the purchase date, 92.5% of the most recent per share NAV of the K Shares,
K-I Shares or K-T Shares, as applicable;
● after two years from the purchase date, 95% of the most recent per share NAV of the K Shares,
K-I Shares or K-T Shares, as applicable;
● after three years from the purchase date, 97.5% of the most recent per share NAV of the K Shares,
K-I Shares or K-T Shares, as applicable; and
● after four years from the purchase date, 100% of the most recent per share NAV of the K Shares,
K-I Shares or K-T Shares, as applicable.
Our repurchase of any K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares will be limited to the extent that we do not have, as determined in our board of director’s discretion, sufficient funds available to fund any such repurchase.
We are not obligated to repurchase shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program. We will limit the number of shares repurchased pursuant to our share repurchase program as follows: (1) we will not repurchase in excess of 5.0% of the weighted average number of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares outstanding during the trailing 12 months prior to the end of the fiscal quarter for which repurchases are being paid (provided, however, that while shares subject to a repurchase requested upon the death of a stockholder will be included in calculating the maximum number of shares that may be repurchased, shares subject to a repurchase requested upon the death of a stockholder will not be subject to the percentage cap); and (2) funding for the repurchase of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares will be limited to net proceeds we receive from the sale of shares under our DRIP and any other operating funds that may be authorized by our board of directors, in its sole discretion.
Additionally, in the event that any stockholder fails to maintain a minimum balance of $2,000 of K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares, we may repurchase all of the shares held by that stockholder at the NAV repurchase price in effect on the date we determine that the stockholder has failed to meet the minimum balance, less any applicable repurchase discount.
Most of our assets will consist of properties which cannot be readily liquidated without affecting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition. Therefore, we may not have sufficient liquid resources to satisfy all repurchase requests. The share repurchase program will terminate immediately if our K Shares,
K-I Shares, K-T Shares or any successor securities, are listed on any national securities exchange. In addition, our board of directors may amend, suspend (in whole or in part) or terminate the share repurchase program at any time upon 30 days’ notice. Further, our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any requests for repurchases.
The provisions of our share repurchase program may limit your ability to have your shares repurchased should you require liquidity and could limit your ability to recover the amount that you invested in our K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares. The terms of our share repurchase program contain fewer limitations for repurchases sought as a result of a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability or other involuntary exigent circumstance, in the sole discretion of the board of directors.
On March 20, 2020, our board of directors decided to temporarily suspend repurchases under our share repurchase program effective with repurchase requests that would otherwise be processed in April 2020 due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our portfolio at the time; provided, however, we continued to process repurchases due to death in accordance with the terms of our share repurchase program. On June 10, 2020, our board of directors determined to fully reopen the share repurchase program to all repurchase requests commencing with the next quarter repurchase date, beginning in July 2020. Shares will be repurchased subject to and upon the terms and conditions of our Amended and Restated Share Repurchase Program.
Risks Related to Our Offering
The estimated NAV per K Share, K-I Share and K-T Share are estimates as of a given point in time and likely will not represent the amount of net proceeds that would result if we were liquidated or dissolved or completed a merger or other sale of the company.
The estimated NAV per share and any subsequent values are likely to differ from the price at which a stockholder could resell such shares because: (1) there is no public trading market for our shares at this time; (2) the price does not reflect, and will not reflect, the fair value of our assets as we acquire them, nor does it represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate liquidation of our assets or sale of
the Company, because the amount of proceeds available for investment from our offering is net of acquisition fees and expenses; (3) the estimated NAV per share does not take into account how market fluctuations affect the value of our investments, including how the current conditions in the financial and real estate markets may affect the value of our investments; (4) the estimated NAV per share does not take into account how developments related to individual assets may increase or decrease the value of our portfolio; and (5) the estimated NAV per share does not take into account any premiums to value that may be achieved in a liquidation or sale of our assets. Further, the value of our shares will fluctuate over time as a result of, among other things, developments related to individual assets we may acquire and responses to the real estate and capital markets. The estimated NAV per share does not reflect a discount for the fact that we are externally managed. There are currently no SEC, federal and state rules that establish requirements specifying the methodology to employ in determining an estimated NAV per share; provided, however, that pursuant to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) rules, the determination of the estimated NAV per share must be conducted by, or with the material assistance or confirmation of, a third-party valuation expert and must be derived from a methodology that conforms to standard industry practice. Subsequent estimates of our estimated NAV per share will be done at least annually. Our estimated NAV per share is an estimate as of a given point in time and likely does not represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets.
Our estimated NAV per share is based upon a number of estimates, assumptions, judgments and opinions that may not be, or may later prove not to be, accurate or complete, which could make the estimated valuations incorrect. As a result, our estimated NAV per share may not reflect the amount that you might receive for your shares in a market transaction, and the purchase price you pay may be higher than the value of our assets per share of common stock at the time of your purchase.
Currently, there are no SEC, federal or state rules that establish requirements specifying the methodology to employ in determining an estimated NAV per share. The audit committee of our board of directors, pursuant to authority delegated by our board of directors, was responsible for the oversight of the valuation process, including the review and approval of the valuation process and methodology used to determine our estimated NAV per share, the consistency of the valuation methodologies with real estate industry standards and practices and the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the valuations. Pursuant to the prior approval of the audit committee of our board of directors, which is solely comprised of our independent directors, in accordance with the valuation policies previously adopted by our board of directors, we engaged Robert A. Stanger & Co., Inc., or Stanger, an independent third-party valuation firm, to assist with determining the estimated NAV per share. Our estimated NAV per share was determined after consultation with our advisor and Stanger. Stanger prepared an NAV report, or the NAV Report, which estimates the estimated NAV per K Share, K-I Share and K-T Share as of the NAV pricing date. The valuation was based upon the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding on an adjusted fully diluted basis, calculated as of the NAV pricing date, and was performed in accordance with the Institute for Portfolio Alternatives (“IPA”) Valuation Guidelines. The estimated NAV per share was determined by our board of directors. Subsequent estimates of our estimated NAV per K Share, K-I Share and K-T Share will be prepared at least annually. Our estimated NAV per share is an estimate as of a given point in time and likely does not represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. The estimated NAV per share is not intended to be related to any values at which individual assets may be carried on financial statements under applicable accounting standards. We do not intend to release any of the data supporting the estimated NAV per share.
It may be difficult to accurately reflect material events that may impact our estimated NAV per share between valuations, and accordingly we may be selling and repurchasing shares at too high or too low a price.
Our independent third-party valuation expert will calculate estimates of the market value of our principal real estate and real estate-related assets that we acquire, and our board of directors will determine the net value of such real estate and real estate-related assets and liabilities taking into consideration such estimates provided by the independent third-party valuation expert. Our board of directors is ultimately responsible for determining the estimated NAV per share. Since our board of directors will determine our estimated NAV per share at least annually, there may be changes in the value of our properties that are not fully reflected in the most recent estimated NAV per share. As a result, the published estimated NAV per share may not fully reflect changes in value that may have occurred since the prior valuation. Furthermore, our advisor will monitor our portfolio, but it may be difficult to reflect changing market conditions or material events that may impact the value of our portfolio between valuations, or to obtain timely or complete information regarding any such events. Therefore, the estimated NAV per share published before the announcement of an extraordinary event may differ significantly from our actual estimated NAV per share until such time as sufficient information is available and analyzed, the financial impact is fully evaluated, and the appropriate adjustment is made to our estimated NAV per share, as determined by our board of directors. Any resulting disparity may be to the detriment of a purchaser of our shares or a stockholder selling shares pursuant to our share repurchase program.
Our ability to conduct our offering successfully depends, in part, on the ability of the dealer manager to successfully establish, operate and maintain a network of broker-dealers.
The success of our Public Offering, and correspondingly our ability to implement our business strategy, is dependent upon the ability of our dealer manager to establish and maintain a network of licensed securities broker-dealers and other agents to sell our securities. While principals of our dealer manager, S2K Financial LLC, have experience in selling securities of other non-traded REITs, S2K Financial LLC is a relatively new wholesale broker-dealer that has not yet conducted any other offerings similar to our offering. The past success of the dealer manager’s principals cannot be relied upon as predictive of the dealer manager’s performance in our offering. There is therefore no assurance that the dealer manager will be able to sell a sufficient number of shares to allow us to have adequate funds to make our investments. If the dealer manager fails to perform, we may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through our Public Offering to implement our investment strategy. In addition, because we are conducting a “best efforts” offering, we may not raise proceeds in our offering sufficient to meet our investment objectives. If we are unsuccessful in implementing our investment strategy, you could lose all or a part of your investment.
Your interest in us could be diluted if we issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of your investment.
Existing stockholders and potential investors in our offering do not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. Our charter authorizes the issuance of 248,125,000 shares of capital stock, of which (a) 55,500,000 shares are classified as K Shares with a par value of $0.01 per share, (b) 55,500,000 shares are classified as K-I Shares with a par value of $0.01 per share, (c) 116,000,000 shares are classified as K-T Shares with a par value of $0.01 per share (d) 125,000 shares are classified as B Shares with a par value of $0.01 per share, and (e) 21,000,000 shares are classified as A Shares with a par value of $0.01 per share. Our board of directors may amend the charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares or the number of authorized K Shares, K-I Shares, K-T Shares, A Shares, or shares of any other class or series of stock without stockholder approval. After your investment in us, our board may elect to (1) sell additional shares in our offering or future private placements or public offerings; (2) issue shares of capital stock under a long-term incentive plan to our independent directors or to employees of our advisor or its affiliates; (3) issue shares to our advisor, S2K Servicing LLC (our “Service Provider”), or their successors or assigns, in payment of an outstanding fee obligation or as consideration in a related-party transaction; or (4) issue K Shares (or another class of securities as determined by our board of directors) to sellers of properties we acquire in connection with an exchange of property for limited partnership interests of our operating partnership. To the extent we issue additional equity interests after your purchase in our offering, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. Further, depending upon the terms of such transactions (most notably the offering price per share, which may be less than the price paid per share in any offering under our prospectus) and the value of our properties, existing stockholders may also experience a dilution in the book value of their investment in us. Investors who purchase shares in our offering will likely suffer dilution of their equity investment in us as a result of the issuance of shares pursuant to the DRIP and the issuance of shares to purchasers who qualify for volume discounts, as DRIP purchases and volume discount purchases represent a discount to the initial purchase price per K Share, K-I Share and K-T Share in our primary offering, as applicable, and we will not sell additional A Shares to our advisor or its affiliates to fund the difference between the initial purchase price and discounted price in connection with such sales as we do for discounts to the initial purchase price of shares that are not through volume discounts and K-I Shares sold in our primary offering (in order for net proceeds available to invest to equal $10.00 per K Share, K-I Share and K-T Share).
The potential return to holders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in our offering would be limited should we return in excess of 9.84% on their investment.
By investing 100% of the proceeds from K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in assets, we believe we provide holders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares with a greater likelihood of preservation of capital and consistent distributions that are not funded with return of capital sources. In exchange for this lower risk, holders of our K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares would be limited in their potential return on investment, as compared to a traditional public non-traded REIT structure, should we return in excess of 9.84% on their investment.
Our Service Provider may receive certain distributions as the holder of the B Shares regardless of its performance under the Services Agreement.
The Service Provider, as a holder of B Shares, may be entitled to receive a special distribution with respect to participation in excess cash and remaining liquidation cash equal to 12.5% of such excess cash and 12.5% of such remaining liquidation cash. The Service Provider may be entitled to this special distribution regardless of how well it performs under the Services Agreement.
If we were to become internally managed, we would pay substantial fees to our advisor prior to holders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares receiving their agreed-upon investment returns. In addition, we will pay substantial fees and expenses to our property manager and their affiliates, and will reimburse our advisor and its affiliates for expenses, which payments increase the risk that you will not earn a profit on your investment.
Pursuant to our agreements with affiliated property managers, we may pay significant property management fees to our property manager and may be obligated to reimburse our property manager for certain expenses it incurs in providing services. We also will be obligated under our Advisory Agreement with our advisor to reimburse our advisor and its affiliates for expenses they incur in connection with their providing services to us, including certain personnel services.
We may also pay significant fees during our listing/liquidation stage. Although most of the fees payable during our listing/liquidation stage are contingent on holders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares first enjoying agreed-upon investment returns, affiliates of our advisor could also receive significant payments even without our reaching specific investment-return thresholds should we seek to become internally managed. Due to the apparent preference of the public markets for internally managed companies, a decision to list our shares on a national securities exchange could be preceded by a decision to become internally managed. Given our advisor’s familiarity with our assets and operations, we might prefer to become internally managed by acquiring our advisor. Even though our advisor will not receive internalization fees, such an internalization transaction could result in significant payments to affiliates of our advisor irrespective of whether you received the returns on which we have conditioned other back-end compensation, and we would not be required to seek a stockholder vote to become internally managed.
These fees and other potential payments increase the risk that the amount available for distribution to stockholders upon a liquidation of our portfolio would be less than the purchase price of the shares in our offering. Substantial consideration paid to our advisor and its affiliates also increases the risk that you will not be able to resell your shares at a profit, even if our shares are listed on a national securities exchange.
If we internalize our management functions, the percentage of our outstanding capital stock owned by our other stockholders could be reduced, and we could incur other significant costs associated with being self-managed.
In the future, our board of directors may consider internalizing the functions performed for us by our advisor by, among other methods, acquiring our advisor’s assets. The method by which we could internalize these functions could take many forms. There is no assurance that internalizing our management functions would be beneficial to us and our stockholders.
If we elect not to renew the Advisory Agreement or terminate the Advisory Agreement without “cause” as defined in the Advisory Agreement (i.e., other than in connection with a listing of our shares or a transaction involving a merger or acquisition or other than for cause), which we define as a “Non-cause Advisory Agreement Termination,” we would be obligated to make a cash payment to our advisor in the amount of any deferred asset management fees, plus any interest accrued thereon, the full acquisition fees previously earned, plus any interest accrued thereon, and the full disposition fees previously earned, plus any interest accrued thereon, regardless of the value of our assets or our net assets. The Service Provider (an affiliate of our dealer manager) would be entitled to receive 25% of any such payments as a fee pursuant to the Services Agreement. In addition, pursuant to our charter, we would be obligated to repurchase our A Shares for an amount equal to the greater of: (1) any accrued common ordinary distributions on our A Shares plus the stated value of the outstanding A Shares ($10.00 per A Share) or (2) the amount the holders of
A Shares would be entitled to receive if we liquidated and received net liquidation proceeds equal to the fair market value (determined by appraisals as of the termination date) of our investments less any loans secured by such investments, limited in the case of non-recourse loans to the value of investments securing such loans. The amounts payable on account of the repurchase of A Shares may be paid, in the discretion of a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, in the form of promissory notes bearing interest at the then-current rate, as determined in good faith by a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors. Any B Shares then outstanding would remain outstanding.
As mentioned above, we could internalize our management function via multiple forms. If we acquire our advisor’s assets, stockholders may be entitled to certain merger consideration, but we are not obligated to repurchase our A Shares.
An acquisition of our advisor could also reduce earnings per share and funds from operation per share.
Additionally, we may not realize the perceived benefits or we may not be able to properly integrate a new staff of managers and employees or we may not be able to effectively replicate the services provided previously by our advisor, property manager or their affiliates. Internalization transactions, including without limitation, transactions involving the acquisition of affiliated advisors or property managers have also, in some cases, been the subject of litigation. Even if these claims are without merit, we could be forced to spend significant amounts of money defending claims which would reduce the amount of funds available for us to invest in properties or other investments and to pay distributions. All of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions.
If we are unable to obtain funding for future capital needs, cash distributions to you and the value of our investments could decline.
We must comply with operating standards and terms and conditions imposed by the franchisors of the hotel properties under which our hotel properties will operate. Hotel properties generally have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacements, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures, and equipment. Franchisors of hotel properties will require that we make periodic capital improvements pursuant to our management agreements or as a condition of maintaining franchise licenses. Generally, we will be responsible for the cost of these capital improvements. Hotel renovation involves substantial risks, including:
● construction cost overruns and delays;
● the disruption of operations and displacement of revenue, including revenue lost while rooms, restaurants or meeting spaces under renovation are out of service;
● the cost of funding renovations and an inability to obtain financing on attractive terms;
● the return on our investment in these capital improvements;
● inability to obtain all necessary zoning, land use, building, occupancy, and construction permits;
● possible environmental problems; and
● disputes with franchisors or property managers regarding compliance with relevant franchise agreements or management agreements.
We intend to use substantially all of the proceeds of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares from our offering, net of expenses, to acquire and invest in real estate investments in the United States in accordance with our investment objectives and using the strategies described in this Annual Report. We have not established limits on the use of proceeds of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares from our offering and, while we do not intend to do so, we may use such proceeds to fund distributions to our stockholders. We do not intend to reserve significant proceeds from our offering for future capital needs. Accordingly, if we need significant capital in the future to improve or maintain our properties or for any other reason, we will have to obtain financing from other sources, such as cash flow from operations, borrowings, property sales or future equity offerings. These sources of funding may not be available on attractive terms or at all. If we cannot procure additional funding for capital improvements, our investments may generate lower cash flows or decline in value, or both, which would limit our ability to make distributions to you and could reduce the value of your investment. However, our board of directors has the authority under our organizational documents, in its sole discretion, to the extent permitted by Maryland law, to fund distributions from other sources, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, offering proceeds and the deferral of fee and expense reimbursements by our advisor.
The inability of our advisor to purchase A Shares in an amount sufficient to fund the payment of organizational and offering expenses associated with the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares, and K-T Shares may cause the long-term returns to our investors to be lower than they otherwise might be.
Our advisor agreed to purchase A Shares in a private placement in an amount sufficient to fund the payment of organizational and offering expenses associated with the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares, and K-T Shares. We reviewed the background, financial health, and prior performance of our advisor as well of our Sponsor and their affiliates, and while we believe that our advisor and its affiliates, each have respectively, the ability to perform under any agreements obligating them to purchase A Shares, each could fail to make the appropriate purchases. Our advisor and its affiliates’ failure to fulfill their obligations to purchase A Shares in an amount sufficient to fund the payment of organizational and offering expenses associated with the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares, and K-T Shares would adversely affect our ability to fund such organizational and offering expenses and adversely affect your overall return.
Our board of directors has opted out of provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law relating to deterring or defending hostile takeovers. Although we will not currently be afforded this protection, our board of directors could opt into these provisions of Maryland law in the future, which may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and may prevent you from receiving a premium price for their shares in connection with a business combination.
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and certain interested stockholders, or affiliates of interested stockholders, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
● any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or
● an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time during the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of the corporation.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
● 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and
● two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.
Also, under Maryland law, control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of stockholders entitled to cast two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, an officer of the corporation or an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation, are excluded from the vote on whether to accord voting rights to the control shares. We have opted out of these provisions of Maryland law, by board resolution in the case of the business combination provisions and in our bylaws in the case of the control share acquisition provisions. However, should our board opt into these provisions of Maryland law, it may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. Similarly, provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Maryland General Corporation Law could provide similar anti-takeover protection.
We are conducting a “best efforts” offering, and if we are unable to raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make, and the value of your investment in us may be reduced in the event our assets underperform.
Our offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis, whereby our dealer manager and broker-dealers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell our shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase or sell any specific number or dollar amount of our shares of common stock. To the extent that less than the maximum number of shares is subscribed for, the opportunity for diversification of our investments may be decreased, and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of our expenses over a smaller capital base.
There is a risk that you may not receive distributions or that our distributions may not grow over time.
We intend to make distributions, initially on a quarterly basis but with the goal of eventually making distributions on a monthly basis, to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We will pay such quarterly distributions within 30 days of the end of each calendar quarter. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or any increases in cash distributions. Furthermore, if more stockholders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares opt to receive cash distributions rather than participate in our DRIP, we may be forced to liquidate some of our investments in order to make distribution payments required for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status, compliance with applicable regulations and such other
factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will pay distributions to our stockholders in the future.
Investing in our shares may involve an above average degree of risk and is intended for long-term investors.
The investments we make in accordance with our investment objectives and strategies may result in a higher amount of risk of loss of principal than alternative investment options. Our investments in real estate assets may be highly speculative and aggressive, and therefore, an investment in our shares may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance. In addition, our K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares are intended for long-term investors.
Our stockholders’ investment return may be reduced if we were to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). If we lose our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act, we would not be able to continue our business unless and until we register under the 1940 Act.
We do not intend to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. As of December 31, 2020, we had controlling interests in four hotel properties, and investments in real estate will represent the substantial majority of our total asset mix, which would not subject us to the 1940 Act. In order to maintain an exemption from regulation under the 1940 Act, we must engage primarily in the business of buying real estate.
To maintain compliance with our 1940 Act exemption, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may be required to acquire additional income- or loss-generating assets that we might not otherwise acquire or forego opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire. If we are required to register as an investment company but fail to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
We are an “emerging growth company” under the federal securities laws and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.
In April 2012, President Obama signed into law the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act. We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from, or reduced disclosure obligations relating to, various reporting requirements that are normally applicable to public companies.
We could remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or until the earliest of (a) the last day of the first fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1,000,000,000 (adjusted for inflation) or more, (b) December 31 of the fiscal year that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (which would occur if the market value of our capital stock registered under the Exchange Act held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, measured as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months) or (c) the date on which we have issued more than $1,000,000,000 in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies are not required to (1) provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) comply with certain more stringent audit rules adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (unless the SEC determines
otherwise), (3) provide certain disclosures relating to executive compensation generally required for larger public companies or (4) hold stockholder advisory votes on executive compensation. We have not yet made a decision as to whether to take advantage of any or all of the JOBS Act exemptions that would be applicable to us if we became a public reporting company. If we do take advantage of any of these exemptions, we do not know if some investors will find our securities less attractive as a result.
Additionally, the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means an “emerging growth company” can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies. However, we are electing to “opt out” of such extended transition period and will therefore comply with new or revised accounting standards on the applicable dates on which the adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that any decision to opt out of such extended transition period for compliance with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
Fees and expenses may adversely impact our ability to pay distributions.
Identifying attractive investment opportunities and performing due diligence with respect to prospective investments will require significant expenditures, which we will bear whether or not we acquire the investment. In addition, acquiring investments may require us to participate in auctions or other forms of competitive bids, which may also require significant expenditures, including expenses relating to legal fees, the fees of third-party advisors, and other costs. Moreover, even after investments are made, the returns may not be realized by the stockholders for a period of several years.
Furthermore, affiliates of Procaccianti Companies may perform services for us in connection with the selection and acquisition of investments and the management of our assets. They will be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses, which would be paid in addition to any acquisition fees and asset management fees payable to our advisor. Payment or accrual of fees will result in immediate dilution to the value of your investment, and any such current payments will reduce the amount of cash available to acquire investments. Payment of such fees and expenses increases the risk that the amount available for distribution to our stockholders would be less than the purchase price of the securities sold in our offering.
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
There are significant potential conflicts of interest that could affect our investment returns.
As a result of our arrangements with Procaccianti Companies and its affiliates, there may be times when Procaccianti Companies, our advisor, our property manager, or their affiliates have interests that differ from those of our stockholders, giving rise to a conflict of interest.
Our officers and directors serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do, or of investment funds managed by our advisor or its affiliates. Similarly, our advisor, property manager, or their affiliates may have other clients with similar, different or competing investment objectives. In serving in these multiple capacities, they may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of us or our stockholders. For example, our officers have, and will continue to have, management responsibilities for other investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles managed or sponsored by our advisor and its affiliates. Our investment objectives may overlap with the investment objectives of such affiliated investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles. As a result, those individuals may face conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities among us and other investment funds or accounts
advised by or affiliated with our advisor. Our advisor will seek to allocate investment opportunities among eligible accounts in a manner that is consistent with its allocation policy. However, despite the right of first offer we have, in the event our advisor’s allocation policy does not require a definitive allocation of an opportunity among eligible accounts, we can offer no assurance that such opportunities to us in the most favorable manner
Our advisor, Sponsor, property manager, and dealer manager and their officers and employees and certain of our executive officers and other key personnel face competing demands relating to their time, and this may cause our operating results to suffer.
Our advisor, Sponsor, property manager, and dealer manager and their officers and employees and certain of our executive officers and other key personnel and their respective affiliates are key personnel, general partners, sponsors, managers, owners, advisors, and selling agents of other investment programs, including Procaccianti Companies or its affiliates’ sponsored investment products, some of which have investment objectives and legal and financial obligations similar to ours and may have other business interests as well. Additionally, based on our Sponsor’s experience, a significantly greater time commitment is required of senior management during the development stage when a REIT is being organized, funds are initially being raised, and funds are initially being invested, and less time is required as additional funds are raised and the offering matures. Because these persons have competing demands on their time and resources, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and these other activities. If this occurs, the returns on our investments may suffer.
Our advisor faces conflicts of interest relating to the terms under our Advisory Agreement and under our charter, which could result in actions that are not necessarily in the long-term best interests of our stockholders, including required payments if we terminate our Advisory Agreement under certain circumstances.
Under our Advisory Agreement, our advisor or its affiliates will be entitled to certain payments that are structured in a manner intended to provide incentives to our advisor to perform in our best interests and in the best interests of our stockholders. However, because our advisor is entitled to receive substantial minimum compensation and reimbursements, including in the form of personnel reimbursements, regardless of performance, our advisor’s interests may not be wholly aligned with those of our stockholders. In addition, our advisor could be motivated to recommend riskier or more speculative investments in order for us to generate the specified levels of performance or sales proceeds that would entitle our advisor to receive certain fees as well as certain special distributions on our A Shares, including distributions on account of “excess cash” and “remaining liquidation cash.” Under the Advisory Agreement, these amounts are deferred until certain performance thresholds are met. As a result of these subordinated payments, our advisor may engage in more speculative transactions on our behalf, which could result in greater losses than a more conservative investment approach.
The Advisory Agreement with our advisor was not negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
The Advisory Agreement was negotiated between related parties. Consequently, its terms, including fees payable to our advisor, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. In addition, we may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights and remedies under the agreement because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with our advisor and its affiliates. Any such decision, however, may breach our fiduciary obligations to our stockholders. However, any recovery against our board of directors may be limited by the terms of our charter.
Our advisor’s liability will be limited under the Advisory Agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify our advisor against certain liabilities, which may lead our advisor to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
Under the Advisory Agreement, our advisor will not assume any responsibility to us other than to render the services called for under that agreement, and it will not be responsible for any action of our board in following or declining to follow our advisor’s advice or recommendations. Our advisor maintains a contractual, as opposed to a fiduciary, relationship with us. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, our advisor, its officers, members and personnel, and any person controlling or controlled by our advisor will not be liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our directors, our stockholders or any subsidiary’s stockholders or partners for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, except those resulting from acts constituting negligence or misconduct. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify our advisor and each of its officers, directors, members, managers and employees from and against any claims or liabilities, including reasonable legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred, arising out of or in connection with our business and operations or any action taken or omitted on our behalf pursuant to authority granted by the Advisory Agreement, except where attributable to negligence or misconduct. These protections may lead our advisor to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
Our advisor and our property manager are affiliates, which might cause our advisor to decline to pursue certain property investments.
The relationship between our advisor and our property manager may cause our advisor to decline to select a property for acquisition where there is a long-term management contract in place because our property manager would not be able to win the contract. Accordingly, our advisor may turn down certain investments even if the property would otherwise be an attractive investment for investors.
General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate
Economic, market and regulatory changes that impact the real estate market generally may cause our operating results to suffer and decrease the value of our properties.
Our operating results will be subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate, including:
● changes in general or local economic conditions;
● changes in the supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area;
● changes in interest rates and the availability of permanent mortgage financing, which may render the sale of a property or loan difficult or unattractive;
● changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws; and
● periods of high interest rates and tight money supply.
Any of the above factors, or a combination thereof, could result in a decrease in the value of our potential properties, which would have an adverse effect on our operations, on our ability to pay distributions to you and on the value of your investment.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly impacted our occupancy rates and RevPAR, and may impact our compliance with our debt obligations.
Our business has been adversely affected by the impact of, and the public concern about. a pandemic disease. In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China, which has subsequently spread to other regions of the world, and has resulted in increased travel restrictions and extended shutdown of certain businesses in affected regions. Since late February 2020, we have experienced a significant decline in occupancy and RevPAR and we expect the occupancy and RevPAR reduction associated with COVID-19 to continue as we are recording significant reservation cancellations as well as a significant reduction in new reservations relative to prior expectations. A continued outbreak of the virus in the U.S. would likely further reduce travel and demand at our hotels. In addition, as a result of COVID-19, the New Hanover County North Carolina Board of Commissioners instituted a State of Emergency effective March 28, 2020. Accordingly, as a result of this declaration, our Springhill Suites hotel located in Wilmington, NC was instructed to close effective March 30, 2020 and remained closed through May 1, 2020.
A prolonged occurrence of the virus has resulted in health or other government authorities imposing restrictions on travel or other market impacts. The hotel industry and our portfolio have experienced the postponement or cancellation of business conferences and similar events. At this time, those restrictions are very fluid and evolving. We have been and will continue to be negatively impacted by those restrictions. Given that the type, degree and length of such restrictions are not known at this time, we cannot predict the overall impact of such restrictions on us or the overall economic environment. Even after the restrictions are lifted, the propensity of people to travel and for businesses to hold conferences will likely remain below historical levels for an additional period of time that is difficult to predict. In addition, one or more possible recurrences of COVID-19 cases could result in further reductions in business and personal travel and could cause state and local governments to reinstate travel restrictions. We may also face increased risk of litigation if we have guests or employees who become ill due to COVID-19. As such, the full impact these restrictions may have on our financial position, operating results and liquidity cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but the impact will be material. Additionally, the public perception of a risk of a pandemic or media coverage of these diseases has adversely impacted us by reducing demand for our hotels. The length of time required for an effective vaccine or therapy to become widely available is uncertain. These events have resulted in a sustained, significant drop in demand for our hotels and could have a material adverse effect on us.
Further, the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us and our hotel operators could negatively impact our future compliance with the financial covenants of our debt obligations that can result in a default and potentially, an acceleration of indebtedness, which would adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity. While the creditors for both the note secured by the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg (the “St. Petersburg Note”) and the note secured by the Springhill Suites Wilmington (the “Wilmington Note”) have not modified the terms of their respective mortgage notes, any sustained material adverse impact on our revenues, net income and other operating results due to the COVID-19 pandemic could cause the financial covenants under our loan agreements to be adversely affected. We cannot provide assurances that we will be able to obtain any non-compliance waivers in the event we fail to comply with any of our loan covenants in a timely manner, or on acceptable terms, or at all.
We may obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property and would have only limited recourse if our due diligence did not identify any issues that lower the value of our properties, which could adversely affect our financial condition and ability to make distributions to you.
The seller of a property often sells such property in its “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults,” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition,
purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all our invested capital in the property as well as the loss of rental income from that property.
Our inability to sell a property when we desire to do so could adversely impact our ability to pay cash distributions to you.
The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. Moreover, in acquiring a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property.
We may be required to indemnify the purchasers of our investments.
In connection with the disposition of a property from our portfolio, we may be required to make representations about our assets typical of those made in connection with the sale of any property. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations turn out to be inaccurate, incorrect, or misleading. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities, which might ultimately have to be funded by us out of assets other than the net proceeds made available from such disposition.
We may not be able to sell our properties at a price equal to, or greater than, the price for which we purchased such property, which may lead to a decrease in the value of our assets.
The value of a property to a potential purchaser may not increase over time, which may restrict our ability to sell a property, or if we are able to sell such property, may lead to a sale price less than the price that we paid to purchase the property.
We may acquire or finance properties with lock-out provisions, which may prohibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties, which could have an adverse effect on your investment.
Lock-out provisions could materially restrict us from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These provisions would affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for distributions to you. Lock-out provisions may prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to any properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties. Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take other actions during the lock-out period that could be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse impact on the value of the shares, relative to the value that would result if the lock-out provisions did not exist. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Acquiring or attempting to acquire multiple properties in a single transaction may adversely affect our operations.
From time to time, we may attempt to acquire multiple properties in a single transaction. Portfolio acquisitions can be more complex than single-property acquisitions, and the risk that a multiple-property acquisition does not close may be greater than in a single-property acquisition. Portfolio acquisitions also may result in us owning investments in geographically dispersed markets, placing additional demands on our ability to manage the properties in the portfolio. In addition, a seller may require that a group of properties be purchased as a package even though we may not want to purchase one or more properties in the portfolio. In these situations, if we are unable to identify another person or entity to acquire the unwanted properties, we may be required to operate or attempt to dispose of these properties. To acquire multiple properties in a single transaction we may be required to accumulate a large amount of cash. We would expect the returns that we earn on such cash to be less than the ultimate returns in real property and therefore, accumulating such cash could reduce the funds available for distributions. Any of the foregoing events may have an adverse effect on our operations.
We may be unable to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions or sell a property if or when we decide to do so, limiting our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders.
Many factors that are beyond our control affect the real estate market and could affect our ability to sell properties for the price, on the terms or within the time frame that we desire. These factors include general economic conditions, the availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand. Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, we have a limited ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Further, before we can sell a property on the terms we want, it may be necessary to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements. However, we can give no assurance that we will have the funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. We may be unable to sell our properties at a profit. Our inability to sell properties at the time and on the terms we want could reduce our cash flow and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and could reduce the value of our stockholders’ investments in us. Moreover, in acquiring a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. Our inability to sell a property when we desire to do so may cause us to reduce our selling price for the property. Any delay in our receipt of proceeds, or diminishment of proceeds, from the sale of a property could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Uninsured losses relating to real property or excessively expensive premiums for insurance coverage could reduce our net income and the return on your investment.
There are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Insurance risks associated with potential terrorist acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders in some cases have begun to insist that hotel property owners purchase coverage against terrorism as a condition of providing mortgage loans. Such insurance policies may not be available at a reasonable cost, if at all, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our properties. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate coverage
for such losses. If any of our properties incur a casualty loss that is not fully insured, the value of that asset will be reduced by such uninsured loss. In addition, other than any working capital reserve or other reserves we may establish, or any line of credit we may obtain, we do not expect to have any sources of funding specifically designated for funding repairs or reconstruction of any uninsured damaged property. Also, to the extent we must pay unexpectedly large amounts for insurance, we could suffer reduced earnings that would result in lower distributions to you.
We may be subject to contingent or unknown liabilities related to properties that we may acquire for which we may have limited or no recourse against the sellers.
The properties that we may acquire may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities for which we may have limited or no recourse against the sellers. Unknown liabilities might include liabilities for, among other things, cleanup or remediation of undisclosed environmental conditions, claims of guests, vendors or other persons dealing with the properties prior to the acquisition of such property and tax liabilities. Because many liabilities, including tax liabilities, may not be identified within the applicable contractual indemnification period, we may have no recourse against any of the owners from whom we acquire such properties for these liabilities. The existence of such liabilities could significantly adversely affect the value of the property subject to such liability. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based on ownership of any such properties, then we might have to pay substantial sums to settle it, which could adversely affect our cash flows.
Actions of joint venture partners could reduce the returns on our joint venture investments and decrease your overall return.
We have entered into the joint venture and may enter into additional joint ventures to acquire or improve properties with some of the proceeds of our offering. Such investments may involve risks not otherwise present with other methods of investment in real estate, including, for example, the following risks:
● that our co-venturer, co-tenant or partner in an investment could become insolvent or bankrupt;
● that such co-venturer, co-tenant or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are, or that become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals; or
● that such co-venturer, co-tenant or partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives.
Any of the above might subject a property to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and thus reduce our returns on that investment and the value of your investment.
Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the co-venturer would have full control over such joint venture. In addition, to the extent our participation represents a minority interest, a majority of the participants may be able to take actions which are not in our best interests because of our lack of full control. Disputes between us and co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our co-venturers.
Our advisor faces conflicts of interest relating to joint ventures with its affiliates, which could result in a disproportionate benefit to the other venture partners at our expense.
We have entered into the joint venture and may enter into additional joint ventures with our sponsor or with other programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor for the acquisition of hotel properties. Our sponsor or advisor may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interests of the co-venturer. Since our sponsor and advisor will control both the co-venturer and, to a large extent, us, agreements and transactions between the co-venturers with respect to any such joint venture will not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers. This may result in the co-venturer receiving benefits greater than the benefits that we receive. In addition, we may assume liabilities related to such joint venture that exceed the percentage of our investment in the joint venture.
Costs imposed pursuant to governmental laws and regulations may reduce our net income and the cash available for distributions to you.
Real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment and human health. We could be subject to liability in the form of fines, penalties or damages for noncompliance with these laws and regulations. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the remediation of contamination associated with the release or disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the presence of toxic building materials, and other health and safety-related concerns.
Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on the tenants, owners or operators of real property for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault, whether the contamination occurred prior to purchase, or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal.
Our hotel properties’ operations, the condition of properties at the time we buy them, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties.
The presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly manage or remediate these substances, may hinder our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings. Any material expenditures, fines, penalties, or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions and may reduce the value of your investment.
The costs of defending against claims of environmental liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims could reduce the amounts available for distribution to you.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous real property owner or operator may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such property. These costs could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Environmental laws also may impose liens on property or restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures or prevent our property manager from operating such properties. Environmental laws provide for sanctions for noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances,
by private parties. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for the release of and exposure to hazardous substances, including asbestos-containing materials and lead-based paint. Further, compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require us to incur material expenditures. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. Third parties may seek recovery from real property owners or operators for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances. The costs of defending against claims of environmental liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims could reduce the amounts available for distribution to you. We generally will obtain a Phase I environmental assessment for each property we intend to acquire. However, in certain circumstances, we may purchase a property without obtaining such assessment if our advisor determined it is not warranted, specifically in circumstances where our advisor determines to rely upon an assessment certified by, sought and secured by the sellers of the property. A Phase I environmental assessment or site assessment is an initial environmental investigation to identify potential liabilities associated with the current and past uses of a given property. In addition, we will attempt to obtain a representation from the seller that, to its knowledge, the property is not contaminated with hazardous materials.
In the event the Phase I environmental site assessment uncovers potential environmental problems with a property, our advisor will determine whether we will pursue the investment opportunity and whether we will have a Phase II environmental site assessment performed. The factors we may consider in determining whether to conduct a Phase II environmental site assessment include, but are not limited to, (i) the types of operations conducted on the property and surrounding property, (ii) the time, duration and materials used during such operations, (iii) the waste handling practices of any tenants or property owners, (iv) the potential for hazardous substances to be released into the environment, (v) any history of environmental law violations on the subject property and surrounding property, (vi) any documented environmental releases, (vii) any observations from the consultant that conducted the Phase I environmental site assessment, and (viii) whether any party (i.e., surrounding property owners, prior owners or tenants) may be responsible for addressing the environmental conditions. We will determine whether to conduct a Phase II environmental site assessment on a case by case basis.
We may face risks relating to asbestos.
Certain federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances govern the removal, encapsulation or disturbance of asbestos containing materials, or ACMs, when such materials are in poor condition or in the event of renovation or demolition of a building. These laws and the common law may impose liability for release of ACMs and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with exposure to ACMs. ACMs may have been used in the construction of a number of the properties that we may acquire. We will implement an operations and maintenance program at each of the properties at which we discover ACMs, if any. We can provide no assurance that we will not incur any material liabilities as a result of the presence of ACMs at our properties.
We may face risks relating to lead paint.
Some of the properties we may acquire may have lead paint, and we may have to implement an operations and maintenance program at such properties. We can provide no assurance that we will not incur any material liabilities as a result of the presence of lead paint at our properties.
We may face risks relating to chemical vapors and subsurface contamination.
We are also aware that environmental agencies and third parties have, in the case of certain properties with on-site or nearby contamination, asserted claims for remediation, property damage or personal injury based on the alleged actual or potential intrusion into buildings of chemical vapors (e.g., radon) or volatile organic compounds from soils or groundwater underlying or in the vicinity of those buildings or on nearby properties. We can provide no assurance that we will not acquire properties exposing us to such liabilities or that we will not incur any material liabilities as a result of vapor intrusion at our properties.
We may face risks relating to mold growth.
Mold growth may occur when excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing, as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. We will establish procedures for promptly addressing and remediating mold or excessive moisture when we become aware of its presence regardless of whether we believe a health risk is present. However, we can provide no assurance that mold or excessive moisture will be detected and remediated in a timely manner. If a significant mold problem arises at one of our hotel properties, we could be required to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected hotel and could be exposed to other liabilities that may exceed any applicable insurance coverage, which may materially affect our business, assets, or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distribution to stockholders.
Costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act may decrease cash available for distributions.
Our properties may be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, or the Disabilities Act. Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Act’s requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. Any funds used for Disabilities Act compliance will reduce our net income and the amount of cash available for distributions to you.
A concentration of our investments in the hospitality sector or a particular state or region may leave our profitability vulnerable to a downturn or slowdown in the sector or state or region.
Our investments are concentrated in the hospitality sector. As a result, we are subject to risks inherent in investments in a single type of property. For example, the potential effects on our revenues, and as a result, on cash available for distribution to our stockholders, resulting from a downturn or slowdown in the hospitality sector could be more pronounced than if we had more fully diversified our investments. We could be subject to increased exposure from economic and other competitive factors should a concentration of assets be held within any particular geographic area. To the extent general economic conditions worsen in one or more of these markets, or if any of these areas experience a natural disaster, the value of our portfolio and our market rental rates could be adversely affected. As a result, our results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution, including cash available to pay distributions to our stockholders, and our ability to satisfy our debt obligations could be materially adversely affected.
To the extent we engage in a strategy for acquiring value-enhancement hotel properties, such a strategy involves greater risks than more conservative investment strategies.
If we execute a “value-enhancement” strategy whereby we seek to acquire hotel properties that offer a high current yield and/or are underperforming assets with the potential to increase in value through a market-based recovery, brand repositioning, investments in capital improvements, revenue enhancements, operational improvements and expense inefficiencies, such a strategy involves greater risks than more conservative investment strategies. The risks related to these value-enhancement investments include risks related to delays in the repositioning or improvement process, higher than expected capital improvement costs, the additional capital needed to execute our modest value-add program, including possible borrowings or raising additional equity necessary to fund such costs, and ultimately that the repositioning process may not result in the higher profits anticipated. In addition, our value-enhancement properties may not produce revenue while undergoing capital improvements. Furthermore, we may also be unable to complete the improvements of these properties and may be forced to hold or sell these properties at a loss. For these and other reasons, we cannot assure you that we will realize growth in the value of any value-enhancement hotel properties we acquire, and as a result, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
Acquiring properties from distressed sellers involves a higher risk of loss than would a strategy of investing in other properties.
We may opportunistically acquire hotel properties from distressed sellers. Traditional performance metrics of real estate assets may not be meaningful for opportunistic real estate. Non-stabilized properties, for example, do not have stabilized occupancy rates to provide a useful measure of revenue. Further, an appraisal of a non-stabilized property, in particular, involves a high degree of subjectivity due to high vacancy levels and uncertainties with respect to future market average daily rates, or ADR, and timing of occupancy stabilization. Accordingly, different assumptions may materially change the appraised value of the property. In addition, the value of the property will change over time.
Risks Related to Hotel Investments
As a REIT, we cannot directly operate our hotel properties, and expect to rely principally on our property manager to operate our hotel properties.
Because we are prohibited from operating hotel properties pursuant to certain tax laws relating to our qualification as a REIT, the entities through which we own the hotel properties will lease the hotel properties to one or more TRSs, which will enter into property management agreements with a hotel property manager, generally expected to be one or more entities affiliated with our advisor. These affiliated property management companies may include TPG Hotels & Resorts, Inc., an affiliate of our Sponsor and advisor, and TPG’s wholly owned subsidiaries, which we collectively refer to as TPG, or other affiliates and/or designees of TPG. We refer to TPG and such other affiliates and/or designees collectively as our property manager. Our property manager will operate and manage our hotel properties. The TRSs will enter into any franchise agreements to brand our hotels. We cannot assure you that our property manager or any other third-party hotel property manager we retain will manage our properties in a manner that is consistent with its obligations under its property management agreements with our TRSs or our TRSs’ obligations under hotel franchise agreements, that the property manager will not be negligent in its performance or engage in other criminal or fraudulent activity, or that the property manager will not otherwise default on its management obligations. We will not have the authority to require any hotel property to be operated in a particular manner or to govern any particular aspect of the daily operations of any hotel property (for example, setting room rates). Thus, even if we believe our hotel properties are being operated inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in
satisfactory occupancy rates, RevPAR, and ADR, we may not be able to make the property manager change its method of operating our hotel properties. Our results of operations, financial position, cash flows and our ability to service debt and to make distributions to stockholders are, therefore, dependent on the ability of our property manager to operate our hotel properties successfully, and its failure to do so could adversely impact our ability to service debt and to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our leases with TRSs will subject us to the risk of increased hotel operating expenses.
Our TRSs will be required to pay us rent based in part on revenues from our hotel properties and, therefore, subject us to the risk of increased hotel operating expenses. Our operating risks include decreases in hotel revenues and increases in hotel operating expenses, which would adversely affect the ability of our TRSs to pay us rent due under leases, including, but not limited to, increases in:
● wage and benefit costs;
● repair and maintenance costs;
● energy costs;
● property taxes;
● fee increases required by hotel brand franchisors;
● insurance costs; and
● other operating expenses.
Increases in these operating expenses can have a significant adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Unanticipated expenses and insufficient demand for hotel properties in new geographic markets could adversely affect our profitability and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
As part of our business strategy, we may acquire hotel properties in geographic areas in which our property manager may have little or no operating experience or in which potential customers may not be familiar with the brand of the particular hotel. As a result, we may incur costs relating to the operation and promotion of such hotel properties that are substantially greater than those incurred in other areas. These hotel properties may attract fewer customers than other hotel properties we may acquire, and at the same time, we may incur substantial additional costs with such hotel properties. As a result, the results of operations at any hotel properties we may acquire that are in unfamiliar markets or that may not have familiar brands in the market may be less than those of other hotel properties we may acquire. Unanticipated expenses and insufficient demand at a new hotel property, therefore, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to general risks associated with operating hotel properties.
We intend to acquire hotel properties, which have different economic characteristics than many other real estate assets, and a hotel REIT is structured differently than many other types of REITs. A typical office property, for example, has long-term leases with third-party tenants, which provide a relatively stable long-
term stream of revenue. Our TRSs will engage our property manager or third-party hotel property managers, pursuant to property management agreements, and will pay such property managers a fee for managing the hotel. Our TRSs generally will receive all of the operating profit or losses at such hotel properties after payment of our property manager’s fee and reimbursement of expenses. Moreover, virtually all hotel guests typically stay at a hotel for only a few nights, which causes the room rate and occupancy levels at hotel properties to change every day, and which results in earnings that can be highly volatile.
In addition, our hotel properties (and the hotel properties underlying any real estate-related investments we acquire) will be subject to various operating risks common to the hotel industry, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
● adverse effects of COVID-19, including a significant reduction in business and personal travel and potential travel restrictions in regions where our hotels are located;
● competition from other hotel properties in the relevant markets;
● over-building of hotel properties in markets in which our hotels are located, which results in increased supply and adversely affects occupancy and revenues at our hotel properties;
● dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism;
● increases in operating costs due to inflation, increased energy costs and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates;
● increases in assessed property taxes from changes in valuation or real estate tax rates;
● increases in the cost of property insurance;
● changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance;
● unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel related health concerns which could reduce travel, including pandemics and epidemics such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu), avian bird flu, SARS, zika virus, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel-related accidents, travel infrastructure interruptions, and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis or earthquakes;
● adverse effects of international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions and increases in energy costs or labor costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists;
● adverse effects of a downturn in the hotel or tourism industries; and
● risks generally associated with the ownership of hotel properties and real estate, as we discuss in more detail below.
These factors could adversely affect the net operating profits of our TRSs, which in turn would adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the value of our securities, and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
The hotel industry is seasonal, which will affect our results of operations from quarter to quarter.
The hotel industry is seasonal in nature. This seasonality can result in quarterly fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results, including the amount available for distributions on our shares. Our quarterly operating results may be adversely affected by factors outside of our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors in certain markets in which we operate. Our cash flows may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls that occur as a result of these fluctuations. As a result, we may have to reduce distributions or enter into short-term borrowings in some quarterly periods in order to make distributions to our stockholders.
The cyclical nature of the hotel industry may result in fluctuations in our operating performance, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
The hotel industry historically has been highly cyclical in nature. Fluctuations in hotel demand and, therefore, hotel operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which subsequently affect levels of business and leisure travel. In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the hotel industry’s performance, and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. An adverse change in hotel fundamentals could result in returns that are substantially below our expectations or result in losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Many of our real estate-related costs are fixed, and will not decrease even if revenues from our hotel properties decrease.
Many costs, such as real estate taxes, insurance premiums and maintenance costs, generally are not reduced when a hotel is not fully occupied, room rates decrease or other circumstances cause a reduction in revenues. In addition, newly acquired or renovated hotel properties may not produce the revenues we anticipate immediately, or at all, and the hotel’s operating cash flow may be insufficient to pay the operating expenses and debt service associated with such new hotel property. If we are unable to offset real estate costs with sufficient revenues across our portfolio, our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
The popularity of booking hotels through internet travel intermediaries may adversely affect our profitability.
The increasing use of internet travel intermediaries by consumers may cause fluctuations in operating performance during the year and otherwise adversely affect our profitability and cash flows. Our property manager will rely upon internet travel intermediaries such as Travelocity.com, Expedia.com and Priceline.com to generate demand for our hotel properties. As internet bookings increase, these intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other significant contract concessions from our property manager. Moreover, some of these internet travel intermediaries are attempting to offer hotel rooms as a commodity, by increasing the importance of price and general indicators of quality (such as “three-star downtown hotel”) at the expense of brand identification. These intermediaries hope that consumers will eventually develop brand loyalties to their reservations system rather than to hotel franchise brands. If the amount of sales made through internet intermediaries increases significantly and results in a decrease in consumer loyalty to the brands under which our hotel properties are franchised, our room revenues may be lower than expected, and our profitability may be adversely affected.
Our revenues and profitability may be adversely affected by increased use of business-related technology, which may reduce the need for business-related travel.
The increased use of teleconference and video-conference technology by businesses could result in decreased business travel as companies increase the use of technologies that allow multiple parties from different locations to participate at meetings without traveling to a centralized meeting location. To the extent that such technologies play an increased role in day-to-day business and the necessity for business-related travel decreases, hotel room demand and our revenues, profitability and ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
Future terrorist attacks or changes in terror alert levels could materially and adversely affect our business.
Terrorist attacks have adversely affected the U.S. travel market and hospitality industries since 2001, often disproportionately to the effect on the overall economy. The extent of the impact that actual or threatened terrorist attacks in the U.S. or elsewhere could have on domestic and international travel and our business in particular cannot be determined, but any such attacks or the threat of such attacks could have a material adverse effect on travel and hotel demand, our ability to finance our business and our ability to insure our hotel properties. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our business, our operating results and our prospects.
We compete with other hotels for guests, which could adversely affect the occupancy levels and rental revenues at our properties.
The hotel industry is highly competitive. Our hotel properties will compete on the basis of location, room rates, quality, range of services, brand affiliation, and reservation systems, among many other factors. New hotel properties may be constructed, which results in new competitors in a market, in some cases without corresponding increases in demand for hotel rooms. We expect to face competition from many sources. We will face competition from other hotel properties both in the immediate vicinity and the geographic market where our hotel properties will be located. Over-building of hotel properties in the markets in which we operate may increase the number of rooms available and may decrease occupancy and room rates, which would adversely affect our operations.
We will also compete with alternative lodging products for guests. Certain companies, including Airbnb, homeaway.com and VRBO.com, offer vacation and overnight lodging to the public. This competition could reduce occupancy levels and rental revenues at our properties, which would adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth.
We will face competition that could limit our ability to acquire additional investments or dispose of properties, which could adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth.
We will compete with numerous real estate companies and other owners of real estate in seeking hotel properties for acquisition and pursuing buyers for dispositions. We expect that other real estate investors, including insurance companies, private equity funds, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, other REITs and other well-capitalized investors, will compete with us to acquire existing properties, and many of these investors will have greater sources of capital to acquire properties. This competition could increase prices for properties of the type we would likely pursue and adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth. Competition when multiple hospitality investors are seeking to dispose of properties can conversely decrease prices for properties, which, if we are trying to dispose of properties, could adversely affect our profitability and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Failure to maintain franchise licenses could decrease our revenues.
The inability to maintain franchise licenses could decrease our revenues. Maintenance of franchise licenses for our hotel properties is subject to maintaining our franchisors’ operating standards and other terms and conditions. Franchisors periodically inspect hotel properties to ensure that such hotel properties are maintained in accordance with their standards. Failure to maintain our hotel properties in accordance with these standards or comply with other terms and conditions of the applicable franchise agreement could result in a franchise license being canceled. If a franchise license terminates due to our failure to make required improvements or to otherwise comply with its terms, we may also be liable to the franchisor for a termination fee. As a condition to the maintenance of a franchise license, our franchisor could also require us to make capital expenditures, even if we do not believe the capital improvements are necessary, desirable, or likely to result in an acceptable return on our investment. We may risk losing a franchise license if we do not make franchisor-required capital expenditures.
If our franchisor terminates the franchise license, we may try either to obtain a suitable replacement franchise or to operate the hotel property without a franchise license. The loss of a franchise license could materially and adversely affect the operations or the underlying value of the hotel property because of the loss associated with the brand recognition and/or the marketing support and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. A loss of a franchise license for one or more hotel properties could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and our cash flows, including our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.
We are subject to risks associated with the employment of hotel personnel, particularly with respect to hotels that employ unionized labor.
Our property managers will be responsible for hiring and maintaining the labor force at each of our hotel properties. Although we will not directly employ or manage employees at our hotel properties, we still will be subject to many of the costs and risks generally associated with the hotel labor force, particularly with respect to hotel properties with unionized labor. From time to time, hotel operations may be disrupted as a result of strikes, lockouts, public demonstrations or other negative actions and publicity. We also may incur increased legal costs and indirect labor costs as a result of contract disputes or other events. The resolution of labor disputes or re-negotiated labor contracts could lead to increased labor costs, either by increases in wages or benefits or by changes in work rules that raise hotel operating costs. We do not have the ability to affect the outcome of these disputes.
Risks Associated with Real Estate-Related Assets
The real estate-related assets in which we may invest may involve greater risks of loss than senior loans secured by the same properties.
We may invest in real estate-related assets that take the form of first or second mortgages, B-Notes, mezzanine loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests of the entity owning the real property or an entity that owns (directly or indirectly) the interest in the entity owning the real property, or preferred equity interests in an entity that owns (directly or indirectly) the underlying real estate. Our acquisition of these types of assets will be with the intent of acquiring the underlying real estate. Such investment opportunities may involve a higher degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by income-producing real property because the investment may be or become unsecured or undersecured as a result of foreclosure by a lender with a higher priority in the capital structure. If the entity owning the property becomes a debtor in a bankruptcy case, we may not be able to realize on our strategy of acquiring the underlying real estate, in
which case the value of our investment would be limited to the amount realizable on the value of our investment. In that case, we may not have full recourse to the underlying assets of such entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our debt or to allow us to realize a return of or on our preferred equity investment. If an entity defaults on our debt or debt senior to our position, or if the property holding entity becomes a debtor in a bankruptcy proceeding, our debt or preferred equity will be satisfied only after the debt more senior to ours, if any. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment.
We may acquire secured debt or preferred equity with the intent to own and may experience significant costs and delays in acquiring the underlying property.
We may acquire outstanding debt secured by a hotel property or by interests in an entity owning a hotel property, or a preferred equity position in the capital structure relating to such a property, from lenders and investors if we believe we can ultimately foreclose or otherwise acquire ownership of the underlying property in the near-term through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or other means. However, if we do acquire such debt or equity position, borrowers or upper tier equity holders may seek to assert various defenses to our foreclosure or other actions and we may not be successful in acquiring the underlying property on a timely basis, or at all, in which event we could incur significant costs and experience significant delays in acquiring such properties, all of which could adversely affect our financial performance and reduce our expected returns from such investments. In addition, we may not earn a current return on such investments. This particularly holds true if the loan that we acquire, or the loan in the structure in which we acquire the preferred equity interest, is in default. Such investments may be further subject to regulatory constraints.
Any distressed investments we make, or investments that later become non-performing, may subject us to losses and other risks relating to bankruptcy proceedings, which could materially and adversely affect us.
We may make distressed investments (e.g., investments in defaulted, out-of-favor or distressed bank loans) in an attempt to acquire the real estate underlying such investments. Some of our investments may be secured by properties that typically are highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of financial risk. During an economic downturn or recession, loans or securities of financially or operationally troubled borrowers or issuers are more likely to go into default than loans or securities of other borrowers or issuers. Loans or securities of financially or operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than loans or securities of borrowers or issuers not experiencing such difficulties. Investment in the loans of financially or operationally troubled borrowers involves a high degree of credit risk.
In certain limited cases (e.g., in connection with a workout, restructuring or foreclosure proceeding involving one or more of our investments), the success of our investment strategies with respect thereto will depend, in part, on our ability to acquire loan modifications. These financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause borrowers to become subject to bankruptcy or other similar administrative proceedings.
In such cases, there is a possibility that we may incur substantial or total losses on our investments and, in certain circumstances, become subject to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of our original investment therein. For example, under certain circumstances, a lender that has inappropriately exercised control over the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to our investments, we may lose our entire investment, may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than our original investment and/or may be required
to accept different terms, including payment over an extended period of time. In addition, under certain circumstances, payments to us may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment, or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, bankruptcy laws and similar laws applicable to administrative proceedings may delay our ability to realize on collateral for loan positions we hold, may adversely affect the economic terms and priority of such loans through doctrines such as equitable subordination or may result in a restructuring of the debt through principles such as the “cramdown” provisions of the bankruptcy laws. Any of the foregoing results could materially and adversely affect us.
The value of the real estate securities that we may invest in may be volatile.
The value of real estate securities, including those of REITs, fluctuates in response to issuer, political, market and economic developments. In the short term, equity prices can fluctuate dramatically in response to these developments. Different parts of the market and different types of equity securities can react differently to these developments and then can affect a single issuer, multiple issuers within the same industry, the economic sector or geographic region, or the market as a whole. The real estate industry is sensitive to economic downturns. The value of securities of companies engaged in real estate activities can be affected by changes in real estate values and rental income, property taxes, interest rates and tax and regulatory requirements. In addition, the value of a REIT’s equity securities can depend on the capital structure and amount of cash flow generated by the REIT.
We expect a portion of our portfolio of real estate-related assets to be illiquid and we may not be able to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions.
We may purchase real estate securities in connection with privately negotiated transactions that are not registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirement of, or is otherwise in accordance with, those laws. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited. The mezzanine and bridge loans we may purchase will be particularly illiquid investments due to their short life, their unsuitability for securitization and the greater risk of our inability to recover loaned amounts in the event of a borrower’s default.
Interest rate and related risks may cause the value of our real estate-related assets to be reduced.
We will be subject to interest rate risk with respect to any investments in fixed income securities, such as preferred equity and debt securities, and to a lesser extent distribution paying A Shares. Interest rate risk is the risk that these types of securities will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. Generally, when market interest rates rise, the fair value of such securities will decline, and vice versa.
During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the security’s duration and reduce the value of the security. This is known as extension risk. During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may be able to exercise an option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, which is generally known as call risk or prepayment risk. If this occurs, we may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as reinvestment risk. Preferred equity and debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security prior to its stated maturity. An issuer may redeem an obligation if the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer. These risks may reduce the value of any real estate-related securities investments we acquire.
Our investments in real estate-related assets will be subject to the risks related to the underlying real estate.
Real estate loans secured by properties are subject to the risks related to underlying real estate. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by a property typically is dependent upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Any default on the loan could result in our acquiring ownership of the property, and we would bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage loan. In addition, foreclosure of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process that could have a substantial negative effect on our anticipated return on the foreclosed loan.
We will not know whether the values of the properties ultimately securing any loans we acquire will remain at the levels existing on the dates we acquire those loans. If the values of the underlying properties decline, our risk will increase because of the lower value of the security associated with such loans. In this manner, real estate values could impact the values of our loan investments.
If we liquidate prior to the maturity of our real estate-related assets, we may be forced to sell those investments on unfavorable terms or at a loss.
Our board of directors may choose to liquidate our assets, including our real estate-related assets. If we liquidate those investments prior to their maturity, we may be forced to sell those investments on unfavorable terms or at a loss. For instance, if we are required to liquidate mortgage loans at a time when prevailing interest rates are higher than the interest rates of such mortgage loans, we likely would sell such loans at a discount to their stated principal values.
Risks Associated with Debt Financing
We may incur mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings, which we have broad authority to incur, that may increase our business risks and decrease the value of your investment.
We expect that in most instances, we will acquire real properties by using either existing financing or borrowing new funds. In addition, we may incur mortgage debt and pledge all or some of our real properties as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional real properties. We may borrow if we need funds to satisfy the REIT tax qualification requirement that we distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. We also may borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT.
There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow against any single improved property. Our charter provides that the maximum amount of our total indebtedness shall not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (total assets (other than intangibles) at cost, before deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities) as of the date of any borrowing (which is the maximum level of indebtedness permitted under the NASAA REIT Guidelines, absent a satisfactory showing that a higher level is appropriate), which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments.
Notwithstanding this 75% leverage limitation, we intend to target the greater of 50% loan-to-value or loan-to-cost. However, during the initial stages of our offering, our leverage ratio could exceed our target leverage ratio. We may exceed our leverage limit if such excess is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing, along with
justification for exceeding such limit. However, this charter limitation does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. In addition, it is our intention to limit our borrowings to 75% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets (calculated after the close of our offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of our offering), unless excess borrowing is approved by a majority of the independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for such excess borrowing. However, subsequent events, including changes in the fair market value of our assets, could result in our exceeding these limits. We expect that during the period of our offering we will seek such independent director approval of borrowings in excess of these limitations since we will then be in the process of raising our equity capital to acquire our portfolio. As a result, we expect that our debt levels will be higher until we have raised equity capital and repaid a portion of our initial leverage. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges, would result in higher debt service payments and could be accompanied by restrictive covenants. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of your investment.
If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on a property, then the amount available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of your investment. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. In such event, we may be unable to pay the amount of distributions required in order to maintain our REIT status. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt to the entities that own our properties. When we provide a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple properties. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders will be adversely affected which could result in our losing our REIT status and would result in a decrease in the value of your investment.
Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
We expect that we will incur indebtedness in the future. To the extent that we incur variable rate debt, increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs, which could reduce our cash flows and our ability to pay distributions to you. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments in properties at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan agreements we enter may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage a property, discontinue insurance coverage or replace our advisor. In addition, loan documents may limit our ability to replace a property’s property manager or terminate certain operating or lease agreements related to a property. These or other limitations would decrease our operating flexibility and our ability to achieve our operating objectives.
Our derivative financial instruments that we may use to hedge against interest rate fluctuations may not be successful in mitigating our risks associated with interest rates and could reduce the overall returns on our stockholders’ investments.
We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates on loans secured by our assets, but no hedging strategy can protect us completely. We cannot assure you that our hedging strategy and the derivatives that we use will adequately offset the risk of interest rate volatility or that our hedging transactions will not result in losses. In addition, the use of such instruments may reduce the overall return on our investments. These instruments may also generate income that may not be treated as qualifying REIT income for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test or the 95% Gross Income Test. Finally, while we have not experienced negative interest rates in the United States, some central banks in Europe and Asia have cut interest rates below zero, and the Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve has not ruled out the possibility that it may in the future adopt similar policies in the United States. Because of the novelty that negative interest rates would present, it is possible that such rates would adversely affect the functionality of our interest rate risk management and other models. This could lead to disruptions in our hedging and other risk management programs, result in significant fair value losses on the derivatives we use to manage interest rate risk, reduce our net interest income, increase our operational risk, and have other unforeseen consequences.
Interest-only and adjustable rate indebtedness may increase our risk of default and ultimately may reduce our funds available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may finance our property acquisitions using interest-only mortgage indebtedness. During the interest-only period, the amount of each scheduled payment will be less than that of a traditional amortizing mortgage loan. The principal balance of the mortgage loan will not be reduced (except in the case of prepayments) because there are no scheduled monthly payments of principal during this period. After the interest-only period, we will be required either to make scheduled payments of amortized principal and interest or to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. These required principal or balloon payments will increase the amount of our scheduled payments and may increase our risk of default under the related mortgage loan. Our ability to make a balloon payment at maturity is uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain additional financing or our ability to sell the property. At the time the balloon payment is due, we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or sell the property at a price sufficient to make the balloon payment. The effect of a refinancing or sale could affect the rate of return to stockholders and the projected time of disposition of our assets. In addition, payments of principal and interest made to service our debts may leave us with insufficient cash to pay the distributions that we are required to pay to maintain our qualification as a REIT. Any of these results would have a significant, negative impact on our stockholders’ investments.
Finally, if the mortgage loan has an adjustable interest rate, the amount of our scheduled payments also may increase at a time of rising interest rates. Increased payments and substantial principal or balloon maturity payments will reduce the funds available for distribution to our stockholders because cash otherwise available for distribution will be required to pay principal and interest associated with these mortgage loans.
We have broad authority to utilize leverage and high levels of leverage could hinder our ability to make distributions and decrease the value of your investment.
Our charter does not limit us from utilizing financing until our borrowings exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined in our charter in accordance with the NASAA REIT Guidelines), which is generally expected to approximate 75% of the aggregate cost of our investments, however, we intend to target a
leverage ratio of 50%. During the initial stages of our offering, our leverage ratio could exceed our target leverage ratio. Further, we can incur financings in excess of this limitation with the approval of our independent directors. High leverage levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges and higher debt service payments and the agreements governing our borrowings may also include restrictive covenants. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute to you and could result in a decline in the value of your investment.
We may be adversely affected by changes in LIBOR reporting practices, the method in which LIBOR is determined, or the use of alternative reference rates.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative to USD-LIBOR. We are not able to predict when LIBOR will cease to be published or precisely how SOFR will be calculated and published. Any changes adopted by FCA or other governing bodies in the method used for determining LIBOR may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR. If that were to occur, our interest payments could change. In addition, uncertainty about the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher or lower than if LIBOR were to remain available in its current form.
We have or may have contracts that are indexed to LIBOR and monitor and evaluate the related risks, which include interest amounts on variable rate debt and the swap rate for interest rate swaps. In the event that LIBOR is discontinued, the interest rates will be based on a fallback reference rate specified in the applicable documentation governing such debt or swaps or as otherwise agreed upon. Such an event would not affect our ability to borrow or maintain already outstanding borrowings, but the alternative reference rate could vary from the underlying exposure or be higher and more volatile than LIBOR. Certain risks arise in connection with transitioning contracts to an alternative reference rate, including any resulting value transfer that may occur. The value of loans, securities, or derivative instruments tied to LIBOR could also be impacted if LIBOR is limited or discontinued. For some instruments, the method of transitioning to an alternative rate may be challenging, as they may require substantial negotiation with each respective counterparty. If a contract is not transitioned to an alternative reference rate and LIBOR is discontinued, the impact is likely to vary by contract. If LIBOR is discontinued or if the method of calculating LIBOR changes from its current form, interest rates on our current or future indebtedness may be adversely affected. While we expect LIBOR to be available in substantially its current form until the end of 2021, it is possible that LIBOR will become unavailable prior to that. This could occur, for example, if sufficient banks decline to make submissions to the LIBOR administrator. In that case, the risks associated with the transition to an alternative reference rate will be accelerated.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks
Failure to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT would adversely affect our operations and our ability to make distributions.
We elected to be taxed as, and currently qualify as, a REIT beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018. In order for us to continue to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must satisfy certain requirements set forth in the Code and Treasury Regulations that may depend on various factual matters and circumstances that are not entirely within our control. We intend to structure our activities in a manner designed to satisfy all of these requirements. However, if certain of our operations were to be
recharacterized by the IRS, such recharacterization could jeopardize our ability to satisfy all of the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Morris, Manning & Martin LLP has rendered its opinion that we will qualify as a REIT, based upon our representations as to the manner in which we will be owned, invest in assets, and operate, among other things. However, our qualification as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet, through investments, actual operating results, distributions, and satisfaction of the various tests imposed by the Code, the requirements to be taxed as a REIT under the Code and Treasury Regulations. Morris, Manning & Martin LLP will not review these operating results or compliance with the qualification standards on an ongoing basis. This means that we may fail to satisfy the REIT requirements in the future. Also, any legal opinion from Morris, Manning & Martin LLP represents that firm’s legal judgment based on the law in effect as of the date of the filing of such opinion with a registration statement for our offering or any future public offering in which we elect to engage. Morris, Manning & Martin LLP’s opinion is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and we will not apply for a ruling from the IRS regarding our status as a REIT. Future legislative, judicial, or administrative changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws could be applied retroactively, which could result in our disqualification as a REIT.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year we lose our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.
To qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may result in us distributing amounts that may otherwise be used for our operations and which could result in our inability to acquire assets.
To obtain the favorable tax treatment afforded to REITs under the Code, we generally will be required each year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gains or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will have to pay tax on those amounts at regular corporate tax rates. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income for that year, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income for that year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would have to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts that we actually distributed and (b) the amounts we retained and upon which we paid income tax at the corporate level. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets, and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. Although we intend to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes, it is possible that we might not always be able to do so.
You may have current tax liability on distributions you elect to reinvest in our K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares but would not receive cash from such distributions, and therefore you would need to use funds from another source to pay such tax liability.
If you participate in our DRIP, you will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares, as applicable, to
the extent the amount reinvested is properly treated as being paid out of “earnings and profits.” As a result, unless you are a tax-exempt entity, you may have to use funds from other sources to pay your tax liability on the distributions reinvested in our common stock.
Certain of our business activities potentially may be subject to the prohibited transactions tax, which could reduce the return on your investment.
If we dispose of a property (other than foreclosure property) during the first few years following its acquisition, such property may be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business, which would subject us to a 100% tax on any gain recognized on the sale under applicable provisions of the Code related to “prohibited transactions,” unless certain safe harbor requirements are satisfied. Whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. Properties we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but generally excluding our TRSs, may, depending on how we conduct our operations, be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Any losses we incur on such prohibited transactions may not be used to offset gains from prohibited transactions. Any taxes we pay would reduce our cash available for distribution to you. Our concern over paying the prohibited transactions tax may cause us to forego disposition opportunities that would otherwise be advantageous if we were not a REIT.
Distributions payable by REITs generally are subject to a higher tax rate than regular corporate dividends under current law.
The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates for qualified dividends and are taxed at ordinary income rates (however, distributions, other than distributions designated as capital gain distributions and distributions traceable to distributions from a taxable REIT subsidiary, which are received by a pass-through entity or an individual, are eligible for a 20% deduction from gross income under the current tax laws that will expire if not extended at the end of 2025). Although the reduced rate for “qualified dividends” does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, to the extent that the reduced rates continue to apply to regular corporate qualified dividends, investors that are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stock of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends.
In certain circumstances, we may be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes as a REIT, which would reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Even if we maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes. For example, as noted above, net income from the sale of properties that are inventory or held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business will be subject to a 100% tax, absent the satisfaction of certain safe harbor requirements. Furthermore, and as also noted above, we may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We also may decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of properties and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would receive a credit for the tax we paid. That is, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as IRAs, charities, or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and seek a refund of such tax.
Further, a 100% excise tax would be imposed on certain transactions between us and any potential TRSs that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. We also may be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, either directly or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets. Any taxes we pay would reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Our TRSs will be subject to corporate-level taxes, and our dealings with our TRSs may be subject to a 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own the stock of one or more subsidiaries it, together with such subsidiaries, elects to treat as TRSs. Our TRSs will be subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income tax on their taxable income. The after-tax net income of our TRSs would be available for distribution to us. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. A REIT cannot earn qualifying income from the operation of a hotel, motel or similar property, but can earn qualifying rental income if it leases a “qualified lodging facility” to a TRS, which then retains an “eligible independent contractor” to operate the facility. We may use our TRSs generally for other activities as well, such as to hold properties for sale in the ordinary course of a trade or business or to hold assets to conduct activities that we cannot conduct directly as a REIT. A TRS will be subject to applicable U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign income tax on its taxable income, including corporate income tax on the TRS’s income, and is, as a result, less tax efficient than with respect to income we earn directly. In addition, the rules, which are applicable to us as a REIT, as described in the immediately preceding risk factor, also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between us and any of our TRSs if such transactions are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. For example, to the extent that the rent paid by one of our TRSs exceeds an arm’s-length rental amount, such amount would be potentially subject to a 100% excise tax. While we intend that all transactions between us and our TRSs would be conducted on an arm’s-length basis, and therefore, any amounts paid by our TRSs to us would not be subject to the excise tax, no assurance can be given that the IRS would not disagree with such conclusion and levy an excise tax on such transactions.
If our leases to our TRSs are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, under which specified percentages of our gross income must be derived from certain sources, such as “rents from real property.” In order for rent paid to us by our TRSs to qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures, or some other type of arrangement. If our leases are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT, which would materially adversely impact the value of an investment in our securities and in our ability to pay distributions to you.
If our hotel properties are not “qualified lodging facilities” or our “qualified lodging facilities” are not properly leased to a TRS or the managers of such “qualified lodging facilities” do not qualify as “eligible independent contractors,” we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
In general, we cannot earn qualifying income from the operation of any hotel facilities and can only indirectly earn qualifying income from “qualified lodging facilities” on an after-tax basis through leases of such properties to one or more TRSs. A “qualified lodging facility” is a hotel, motel, or other establishment in which more than one-half of the dwelling units are used on a transient basis at which or in connection with which wagering activities are not conducted. Rent paid by a lessee that is a “related party tenant” of ours generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs; however, there are exceptions to this related party tenant rule for certain leases of “qualified lodging
facilities” to TRSs. The rent we receive from a TRS that leases “qualified lodging facilities” from us will not be disqualified as qualifying “rents from real property” if the TRS retains an independent management company that qualifies as an “eligible independent contractor” under the Code to operate and manage the hotel property.
An “eligible independent contractor” is an independent contractor that, at the time such contractor enters into a management or other agreement with a TRS to operate a “qualified lodging facility,” is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” for any person not related, as defined in the Code, to us or the TRS. Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an independent contractor, a manager must not own, directly or by applying certain ownership attribution provisions of the Code, more than 35% of our outstanding shares of stock, and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and 35% of the ownership interests of the manager (with respect to ownership interests in such managers that are publicly traded, only holders of more than 5% of such ownership interests count towards the 35% test). We anticipate that substantially all of our management contracts will be with management companies affiliated with our Sponsor and advisor. The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of the 35% thresholds are complex. There can be no assurance that the permitted levels of ownership of our stock attributable to our property managers and their owners will not be exceeded. If that occurs, then our property management companies would not be “eligible independent contractors,” and the rents we receive from our TRSs would fail to qualify for the gross income tests, which could result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. Failure to qualify as a REIT would materially adversely impact the value of an investment in our securities and in our ability to pay distributions to you.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to forgo and/or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
To qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must ensure that we meet the REIT gross income tests annually and that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities, and qualified real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and certain kinds of mortgage-related securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities, TRSs, qualified REIT subsidiaries, and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding securities by vote or value of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets can consist of the securities (other than government securities, TRSs, qualified REIT subsidiaries, and qualified real estate assets) of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets for tax years can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, not more than 25% of our assets may consist of debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs that qualify as “real estate assets” only because of the express inclusion of “debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs” in the definition of “real estate assets.” If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter other than our first REIT calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio or not make otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
Recharacterization of sale-leaseback transactions may cause us to lose our REIT status, which would subject us to U.S. federal income tax at corporate rates, which would reduce the amounts available for distribution to you.
We may purchase properties and lease them back to the sellers of such properties. While we will use our best efforts to structure any such sale-leaseback transaction such that the lease will be characterized as a “true lease,” thereby allowing us to be treated as the owner of the property for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the IRS could challenge such characterization. In the event that any such sale-leaseback is challenged and recharacterized as a financing transaction or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification asset tests or income tests and, consequently, could lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated, which also might cause us to fail to meet the annual distribution requirement for a taxable year in the event we cannot make a sufficient deficiency distribution.
Legislative or regulatory action could adversely affect the returns to our investors.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely to continue to occur, and we cannot assure you that any such changes will not adversely affect our taxation and our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT or the taxation of a stockholder. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or the resale potential of our assets. Our stockholders are urged to consult with their tax advisor with respect to the impact of recent legislation on their investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares.
Although REITs generally receive better tax treatment than entities taxed as regular corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a regular corporation. As a result, our charter provides our board of directors with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, without the vote of our stockholders. Our board of directors has fiduciary duties to us and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in the best interests of the Company.
We urge you to consult with your own tax advisor with respect to the status of any legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in shares of our common stock.
If our operating partnership is classified as a “publicly traded partnership” under the Code, its income may be subject to taxation, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to you and likely result in a loss of our REIT status.
We intend to maintain the status of the operating partnership as a partnership, and not as an association or a publicly traded partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, if the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of the operating partnership as a partnership for such purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that the operating partnership could make to us. This would also likely result in our losing REIT status, and, if so, becoming subject to a corporate
level tax on our own income. This would substantially reduce any cash available to pay distributions. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which the operating partnership owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership and is otherwise not disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the operating partnership. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain our status as a REIT.
Foreign purchasers of our K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares may be subject to FIRPTA tax upon the sale of their shares or upon the payment of a capital gain dividend, which would reduce any gains they would otherwise have on their investment in our shares.
A foreign person disposing of a U.S. real property interest, including shares of a U.S. corporation whose assets consist principally of U.S. real property interests, is generally subject to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended, which is frequently referred to as FIRPTA, on the gain recognized on the disposition. The FIRPTA tax does not apply, however, to certain non-U.S. pension plans or to the disposition of stock in a REIT if the REIT is “domestically controlled.” A REIT is “domestically controlled” if less than 50% of the REIT’s stock, by value, has been owned directly or indirectly by persons who are not qualifying U.S. persons during a continuous five-year period ending on the date of disposition or, if shorter, during the entire period of the REIT’s existence. We cannot assure you that we will qualify as a “domestically controlled” REIT. If we were to fail to so qualify, gain realized by foreign investors on a sale of our shares would be subject to FIRPTA tax, unless one or more classes of our shares were traded on an established securities market and the foreign investor did not at any time during a specified testing period directly or indirectly own more than 10% of the value of that class of shares.
A foreign investor also may be subject to FIRPTA tax upon the payment of any dividend by us, which dividend is attributable to gain from sales or exchanges of U.S. real property interests, subject to a similar exception for less than 10% holders of a class of shares traded on an established securities market. We encourage you to consult your own tax advisor to determine the tax consequences applicable to you if you are a foreign investor.
Retirement Plan Risks
If our assets are deemed to be ERISA plan assets, the Advisor and we may be exposed to liabilities under Title I of ERISA and the Code.
In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in an entity, the assets of the entire entity are deemed to be ERISA plan assets unless an exception applies. This is known as the “look-through rule.” Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified persons, under Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, as applicable, may be applicable, and there may be liability under these and other provisions of ERISA and the Code. We believe that our assets should not be treated as plan assets because the shares should qualify as “publicly-offered securities” that are exempt from the look-through rules under applicable Treasury Regulations. We note, however, that because certain limitations are imposed upon the transferability of shares so that we may qualify as a REIT, and perhaps for other reasons, it is possible that this exemption may not apply. If that is the case, and if the Advisor or we are exposed to liability under ERISA or the Code, our performance and results of operations could be adversely affected. Prior to making an investment in us, you should consult with your legal and other advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Code on your investment and our performance.
Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest by participating broker dealers may negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering, which would harm our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Commencing June 30, 2020, broker dealers are required to comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, establishes a new standard of conduct for broker dealers and their associated persons when making a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The impact of Regulation Best Interest on participating broker dealers cannot be determined at this time, and it may negatively impact whether participating broker dealers and their associated persons recommend this offering to certain retail customers. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it would harm our ability to further expand and diversify our portfolio of investments, as well as our ability to achieve our investment objectives.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments
We have no unresolved staff comments.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2.Properties
Our principal executive offices are located at 1140 Reservoir Avenue, Cranston, Rhode Island, 02920. We do not have an address separate from our Sponsor and PHA.
As of December 31, 2020, we owned interests in four select-service hotel properties located in four states with a total of 483 rooms. For more information on our hotel properties, see Item 1, “Business - Real Estate Portfolio” of this Annual Report.
Indebtedness
For a discussion of our indebtedness, see Note 5 - “Mortgage Notes Payable”, Note 7 - “Other Debt” and Note 9 - “Related Party Transactions”, to the consolidated financial statements that are a part of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3.Legal Proceedings
We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings and, to our knowledge, no material legal proceedings are threatened against the Company. From time to time, we may be party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that any such proceedings will have a material effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
As of March 23 2021, we had approximately 5,261,942 shares of common stock outstanding held by a total of approximately 992 stockholders of record. The number of stockholders is based on the records of DST Systems, Inc., who serves as our transfer agent.
No public trading market currently exists for our shares of common stock and we currently have no plans to list our shares on a national securities exchange. Consequently, there is the risk that our stockholders may not be able to sell their shares at a time or price acceptable to them. Unless we list our shares on a national securities exchange, we do not expect that a public market for the shares will develop.
Pursuant to our Public Offering, we are publicly offering K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares, at an offering price of $8.56 per K Share, $7.95 per K-I Share and $8.56 per K-T Share in the primary offering, and $8.13 per K Share, $8.13 per K-I Share and $8.13 per K-T Share pursuant to our DRIP.
To assist FINRA members and their associated persons that participated in our Public Offering of common stock, pursuant to NASD Conduct Rule 2340, we disclose in each annual report distributed to stockholders a per share estimated value of the shares, the method by which it was developed, and the date of the data used to develop the estimated value. In addition, PHA will prepare annual statements of estimated share values to assist fiduciaries of retirement plans subject to the annual reporting requirements of ERISA in the preparation of their reports relating to an investment in our shares. For these purposes, our board of directors, at the recommendation of the audit committee, which is comprised solely of independent directors, unanimously approved and established an estimated NAV per share of all classes of the Company’s capital stock, each calculated as of March 31, 2020, as follows: (i) $8.56 per K-Share; (ii) $8.55 per K-I Share; (iii) $8.56 per K-T Share; (iv) $0.00 per A Share; and (v) $0.00 per B Share as of March 31, 2020 (the “NAV Pricing Date”).
The estimated NAV per share of each of our K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares is based on the estimated value of our assets less the estimated value of our liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding on a diluted basis, calculated as of the NAV Pricing Date.
The estimated NAV per share was determined after consultation with PHA and Robert A. Stanger & Co, Inc., an independent third-party valuation firm, the engagement of which was approved by the audit committee. The audit committee, pursuant to authority delegated by our board of directors, was responsible for the oversight of the valuation process, including the review and approval of the valuation process and methodology used to determine our estimated NAV per share, the consistency of the valuation and appraisal methodologies with real estate industry standards and practices and the reasonableness of the assumptions used in the valuations and appraisals. The valuation was performed in accordance with the provisions of Practice Guideline 2013-01, Valuations of Publicly Registered Non-Listed REITs, issued by the IPA in April 2013, in addition to SEC guidance. FINRA rules provide no guidance on the methodology an issuer must use to determine its estimated value per share. As with any valuation methodology, our independent valuation firm’s methodology is based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. Different parties with different assumptions and estimates could derive a different estimated value per share, and these differences could be significant. The estimated NAV per share is not audited and
does not represent the fair value of our assets or liabilities according to GAAP. Accordingly, with respect to the estimated value per share, we can give no assurance that:
● a stockholder would be able to resell his or her shares at the estimated NAV per share;
● stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to the estimated NAV per share upon liquidation of our assets and settlement of our liabilities or a sale of the company;
● our shares of common stock would trade at the estimated NAV per share on a national securities exchange;
● an independent third-party appraiser or other third-party valuation firm would agree with the estimated NAV per share; or
● the methodology used to estimate our value per share would be acceptable to FINRA or for compliance with ERISA reporting requirements.
Further, the value of our shares will fluctuate over time in response to developments related to individual assets in the portfolio and the management of those assets and in response to the real estate and finance markets. We expect to engage an independent valuation firm to update the estimated NAV per share at least annually.
The latest estimated NAV per share was published subsequent to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a significant impact on our occupancy and RevPar, which resulted in a decline in the NAV as of March 31, 2020. During the second quarter of 2021, we expect to release an updated estimated NAV per share calculated as of March 31, 2021, which will reflect any positive trends being realized within the hospitality industry.
For a full description of the methodologies used to value our assets and liabilities in connection with the calculation of the estimated NAV per share of each of our share classes, see the prospectus contained in our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578), as may be amended or supplemented from time to time.
Distribution Information
We elected to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018. To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute 90% of our annual taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and by excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders. Generally, distributions that our stockholders receive will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are from current or accumulated earnings and profits. To the extent that we pay distributions, and such distributions exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess distributions will be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of a stockholder’s tax basis in his or her shares and then as capital gain. Our charter does not restrict us from paying distributions from any particular source, including proceeds from securities offerings. We have not established a minimum distribution level.
On March 3, 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved to amend the Company’s charter (1) to increase the rate at which cash distributions on K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares automatically accrue under the Company’s charter from 6% to 7% per annum of the K Share Distribution Base of such K Share, K-I Share Distribution Base of such K-I Share and K-T Share Distribution Base of such K-T Share, respectively, and (2)
to increase the maximum rate at which distributions on A Shares may be authorized by the Company’s board of directors and declared by the Company from 6% to 7% of the stated value of an A Share ($10.00) from income and cash flow from ordinary operations on a cumulative basis. The changes pursuant to the Articles of Amendment to the Company’s charter are effective beginning with distributions that accrued on March 31, 2020.
For information on distributions paid during the year ended December 31, 2020, refer to Note 10 - “Stockholders’ Equity” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.
Distribution Paid
Total Amount of
Quarter Ended
Date Paid
Cash Distribution
Pursuant to DRIP
Distribution
December 31, 2019
January 31, 2020
$
393,701
$
56,696
$
450,397
March 31, 2020
May 1, 2020
544,566
-
544,566
June 30, 2020
November 12, 2020
593,989
96,211
690,200
September 30, 2020
November 16, 2020
180,916
30,669
211,585
Total
$
1,713,172
$
183,576
$
1,896,748
December 31, 2018
January 31, 2019
$
193,802
$
1,176
$
194,978
March 31, 2019
May 1, 2019
224,012
6,074
230,086
June 30, 2019
August 2, 2019
277,869
17,374
295,243
September 30, 2019
November 1, 2019
347,007
36,703
383,710
Total
$
1,042,690
$
61,327
$
1,104,017
For additional information on our distributions, see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Distributions.”
We paid quarterly distributions with respect to the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the quarter ended June 30, 2020, and the partial distribution for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, with operating cash flows from our hotel properties, consistent with prior distributions. Our board of directors will make determinations as to the payment of future distributions on a quarter-by-quarter basis; however, distributions will continue to accumulate pursuant to our charter.
Use of Proceeds
From the commencement of the Public Offering through December 31, 2020, we sold 2,388,985 K Shares at a weighted average price of $9.78 per share for gross proceeds of $23,363,950, 661,475 K-I Shares at a weighted average price of $9.23 per share for gross proceeds of $6,105,506, 47,540 K-T Shares at a weighted average price of $10.00 per share for gross proceeds of $475,400, for total gross proceeds of $29,944,856 in the Public Offering. During the same period, pursuant to the DRIP, we issued 15,237 K Shares to investors at a weighted average price of $8.66 per K Share for aggregate proceeds of $131,936, 11,574 K-I Shares at a weighted average price of $8.85 per K-I Share for aggregate proceeds of $102,455 and 1,219 K-T Shares at a weighted average price of $8.62 per K-T Share for aggregate proceeds of $10,512.
From commencement of the Public Offering through December 31, 2020, we had incurred $2,488,781 of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees in connection with the Public Offering, which were paid for with proceeds from the issuance of A Shares to THR.
From inception through December 31, 2020, we recognized selling commissions, dealer manager fees, and organization and other offering costs in the Private Offering as follows:
Type of Expense Amount
Amount
Estimated/Actual
Selling commissions and dealer manager fees
$
1,058,501
Actual
Other organization and offering costs
1,083,912
Actual
Total
$
2,142,413
The amounts above were charged against additional paid in capital on the balance sheet to the extent that the total organization and offering costs recognized would not exceed 15% of gross proceeds from the Private Offering.
From inception through December 31, 2020, we recognized selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees, and organization and other offering costs in the Public Offering as follows:
Type of Expense Amount
Amount
Estimated/Actual
Selling commissions, stockholder servicing fees and dealer manager fees
$
2,488,781
Actual
Other organization and offering costs
2,368,183
Actual
Total
$
4,856,964
The amounts above were charged against additional paid in capital on the balance sheet to the extent that the total organization and offering costs recognized would not exceed 15% of gross proceeds from the Public Offering.
As of December 31, 2020, the net offering proceeds to us from our Private Offering and our Public Offering, after deducting the total expenses incurred as described above, were approximately $40,963,338.
Subsequent to December 31, 2020 and through March 23, 2021, we sold approximately 77,144 K Shares at a weighted average price of $8.53 per share for gross proceeds of $658,167 and approximately 156,830 K-I Shares at a weighted average price of $7.95 per share for gross proceeds of $1,246,800, for total gross proceeds of $1,904,967 in the Public Offering. Additionally, on January 19, 2021, we received $440,000 from the sales of A Shares to THR in a private placement.
We expect to continue to use the net proceeds from our Public Offering to acquire and own a diverse portfolio of hospitality properties consisting primarily of select-service, extended-stay, and compact full-service hotel properties throughout the United States. We may also make investments in distressed debt and preferred equity where the intent is to acquire hotel properties underlying such investments. As of December 31, 2020, we had an ownership interest in four hotel properties with an aggregate initial purchase price of $63,322,489, inclusive of acquisition and closing costs. These hotel property acquisitions were funded from net proceeds from our Private Offering, Public Offering, and borrowings.
Share Repurchase Program
We have a share repurchase program that may provide an opportunity for stockholders to have their shares of common stock repurchased by us, subject to certain restrictions and limitations. On March 20, 2020, our board of directors decided to temporarily suspend repurchases under our share repurchase program effective with repurchase requests that would have been processed in April 2020 due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our portfolio at the time; provided, however, we continued to process repurchases due to death in accordance with the terms of its share repurchase program. On June 10, 2020, the
board of directors determined to fully reopen the share repurchase program to all repurchase requests commencing in July 2020. Shares will be repurchased subject to and upon the terms and conditions of our share repurchase program and repurchase prices will be based upon the Estimated Per Share NAVs in accordance with the terms of the share repurchase program. Any unprocessed requests will automatically roll over to be considered for repurchase unless a stockholder withdraws the request for repurchase five business days prior to the next repurchase date. Refer to Note 10 - “Stockholders’ Equity” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for a discussion of the details of our share repurchase program.
During the three months ended December 31, 2020, we fulfilled repurchase requests and repurchased K-T Shares pursuant to our share repurchase program as follows:
Total Numbers of
Approximate Dollar
Shares Purchased as
Value of Shares
Total Number of
Part of Publicly
Available that may yet
Shares Requested to
Average Price
Announced Plans and
be Repurchased under
Period
be Repurchased(1)
Paid per Share
Programs
the Program
October 2020
-
$
-
-
(2)
November 2020
-
$
7.92
1,000
(2)
December 2020
1,000
$
-
-
(2)
1,000
1,000
(1) We generally repurchase shares on the last business day of the month following the end of each fiscal quarter in which repurchase requests are received. The shares repurchased in November 2020 related to repurchase requests received during the prior quarter. As December 31, 2020, there was one outstanding and unfulfilled repurchase request for 1,000 K Shares.
(2) The number of shares that may be redeemed pursuant to the share repurchase program during any calendar year is limited to 5.0% of the weighted average number of K Shares, K-I Shares, and K-T Shares outstanding during the trailing 12 months prior to the end of the fiscal quarter for which repurchases are being paid (provided, however, that while shares subject to a repurchase requested upon the death of a stockholder will be included in calculating the maximum number of shares that may be repurchased, shares subject to a repurchase requested upon the death of a stockholder will not be subject to the percentage cap).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we repurchased approximately $255,875 of K Shares, $50,084 of K-I Shares and $7,920 of K-T Shares, which represented all repurchase requests received in good order and eligible for repurchase through the December 31, 2020 repurchase date.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6.Selected Financial Data
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. See also the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements section preceding Part I of this Annual Report. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, our Operating Partnership, and to their respective subsidiaries.
Overview
We were formed on August 24, 2016, under the laws of Maryland to acquire and own a diverse portfolio of hospitality properties consisting primarily of select-service, extended-stay and compact full-service hotel properties throughout the United States. As of December 31, 2020, we owned an interest in four select-service hotel properties. We elected to be taxed as, and currently operate as, a REIT under the Code, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018.
Subscription proceeds from K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in our Private Offering and our Public Offering, as discussed below, have been and will be applied to investments in hotel properties or real estate-related investments relating to hotel properties. We will experience a relative increase in liquidity as we receive additional subscriptions for shares and a relative decrease in liquidity as we spend net offering proceeds in connection with the acquisition and operation of our hotel properties. The number of properties and other assets we will acquire will depend upon the number of shares sold and the resulting amount of net proceeds available for investment in properties and other assets.
We intend to make reserve allocations as necessary to aid our objective of preserving capital for our investors by supporting the maintenance and viability of properties we acquire in the future. If reserves and any other available income become insufficient to cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investment in one or more properties. There is no assurance that such funds will be available, or if available, that the terms will be acceptable to us.
On September 30, 2016, we commenced a Private Offering of K Shares, $0.01 par value per share, and Units, which are comprised of four K Shares and one A Share, each $0.01 par value per share, for $10.00 per K Share and $50.00 per Unit, with a targeted maximum offering of $150,000,000 in K Shares (including K Shares sold as part of a Unit) to accredited investors only pursuant to a confidential private placement memorandum exempt from registration under the Securities Act. PHA and its affiliates agreed to purchase A Shares (separate from the purchase of Units), at $10.00 per share. We terminated our Private Offering prior to the commencement of the Public Offering, and, as of such termination, received approximately $15,582,755 in gross proceeds from the sale of K Shares and A Shares, including Units, in the Private Offering. Of the $15,582,755 in gross proceeds received, $2,954,095 was from the sale of shares of A Shares to THR to fund organization and offering expenses associated with the K Shares and Units.
On August 14, 2018, the SEC declared our Registration Statement on Form S-11 effective, and we commenced our Public Offering to offer up to $550,000,000 in shares of common stock, including $500,000,000 in shares of common stock pursuant to the primary offering, consisting of the following three share classes: K Shares, at an initial offering price of $10.00 per share, K-I Shares, at an initial offering price of $9.50 per share, and K-T Shares, at an initial offering price of $10.00 per share and $50,000,000 in shares of common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, at $9.50 per K-I Share, $9.50 per K Share
and $9.50 per K-T Share. On November 16, 2018, we revised the offering price per K-I Share from $9.50 to $9.30 per K-I Share, exclusive of the DRIP, which remained at $9.50 per K-I Share.
On April 7, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company’s board of directors unanimously approved the temporary suspension of (i) the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in the Public Offering, effective as of April 7, 2020 and (ii) the operation of the DRIP, effective as of April 17, 2020. On June 10, 2020, the Company’s board of directors determined an estimated NAV per share of all classes of the Company’s capital stock, each calculated as of March 31, 2020, as follows: (i) $8.56 per K-Share; (ii) $8.55 per K-I Share; (iii) $8.56 per K-T Share; (iv) $0.00 per A Share; and (v) $0.00 per B Share and unanimously approved the resumption of the acceptance of subscriptions and the resumption of the operation of the DRIP, which will be effective with the next authorized payment of distributions.
The offering and total dollar amount available for purchase per class in the primary portion of the Public Offering are as follows: $8.56 per K Share (up to $125,000,000 in shares), $7.95 per K-I Share (up to $125,000,000 in shares), and $8.56 per K-T Share (up to $250,000,000 in shares). The DRIP offering prices and total dollar amount available for purchase in the Company’s DRIP are as follows: $8.13 per K Share (up to $12,500,000 in shares), $8.13 per K-I Share (up to $12,500,000 in shares), and $8.13 per K-T Share (up to $25,000,000 in shares).
Since the commencement of the Public Offering and through December 31, 2020, we have received approximately $30,189,759 in gross proceeds from the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in the Public Offering, including shares issued pursuant to the DRIP. Additionally, we have received $2,190,000 from the sale of A Shares to THR. We intend to use the proceeds from A Shares to pay the selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees, and other organizational and offering expenses related to the K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares sold in the primary offering portion of our Public Offering. In addition, we will allocate proceeds from the sale of A shares in amounts that represent the difference between (i) the applicable estimated NAV per K-I Share and the applicable offering price of K-I Shares sold in our primary offering and (ii) any discount to the applicable offering price of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares arising from reduced or waived selling commissions (other than reduced selling commissions for volume discounts) or dealer manager fees.
As of March 23, 2021, we had sold 3,737,984 K Shares, 829,890 K-I Shares, 48,769 K-T Shares and 581,410 A Shares in all our offerings for gross proceeds of $36,552,712, $7,454,861, $486,012 and $5,814,095, respectively, and $50,307,680 in the aggregate. These gross proceeds are inclusive of 15,237 K Shares, 11,574 K-I Shares and 1,219 K-T Shares issued pursuant to our DRIP, for gross offering proceeds of $131,936, $102,455 and $10,512, respectively, or $244,904 in the aggregate.
On June 10, 2020, our board of directors authorized the extension of the term of the Public Offering until August 14, 2021. Under rules promulgated by the SEC, in some circumstances in which we are pursuing the registration of shares of our common stock in a follow-on public offering, we could continue the primary offering until as late as February 10, 2022. We may, in our sole discretion, terminate the Public Offering at any time.
S2K Financial LLC is the dealer manager for our offering and is responsible for the distribution of our common stock in our offering. PHA is our advisor and is an affiliate of our Sponsor. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, PHA manages our day-to-day operations and our portfolio of properties and real estate-related assets. PHA sources and presents investment opportunities to our board of directors and provides investment management, marketing, investor relations and other administrative services on our behalf. We have no paid employees and rely on PHA to provide substantially all of our services. Pursuant to
our Advisory Agreement with PHA, we will reimburse PHA for costs incurred in providing these administrative services. PHA will be required to allocate the cost of such services to us based on objective factors such as total assets, revenues and/or time allocations. At least annually, our board of directors will review the amount of administrative services expense reimbursable to PHA to determine whether such amounts are reasonable in relation to the services provided. As of December 31, 2020, PHA has forfeited its right to collect reimbursement for providing these administrative services provided through such date.
In addition, pursuant to provisions contained in our charter and in the Advisory Agreement, our board of directors has the ongoing responsibility of limiting our total operating expenses (as defined in our charter) for the trailing four consecutive quarters to amounts that do not exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets (as defined in our charter) or 25% of our net income (as defined in our charter), calculated in the manner set forth in our charter, unless a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) has made a finding that, based on unusual and non-recurring factors that they deem sufficient, a higher level of expenses is justified. In the event that a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) does not determine that such excess expenses are justified, PHA must reimburse to us the amount of the excess expenses paid or incurred (the “Excess Amount”).
During each of the twelve months ended March 31, 2019, June 30, 2019, September 30, 2019, December 31, 2019, March 31, 2020, June 30, 2020, September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020, our total operating expenses exceeded the greater of 2% of our average invested assets and 25% of our net income, or Excess Amounts. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,520,345 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $1,273,355 during the twelve months ended March 31, 2019. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,567,373 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $1,143,625 during the twelve months ended June 30, 2019. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,529,939 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $760,883 during the twelve months ended September 30, 2019. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,445,599 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $94,280 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,551,924 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $1,076,317 during the twelve months ended March 31, 2020. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,581,502 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $1,607,059 during the twelve months ended June 30, 2020. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,525,833 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $1,616,428 during the twelve months ended September 30, 2020. We incurred operating expenses of approximately $1,488,180 and incurred an Excess Amount of approximately $1,744,213 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Our board of directors (including a majority of our independent directors) determined that the Excess Amount for each of the twelve months ended March 31, 2019, June 30, 2019, September 30, 2019, December 31, 2019, March 31, 2020, June 30, 2020, September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020 was justified as unusual and non-recurring as we continue to raise and deploy capital and a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Because we are prohibited from operating hotel properties pursuant to certain tax laws relating to our qualification as a REIT, the entities through which we own hotel properties will lease the hotel properties to one or more TRSs. A TRS is a corporate subsidiary of a REIT that jointly elects, with the REIT, to be treated as a TRS of the REIT, and that pays federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its taxable income. The TRSs will enter into any franchise agreements to brand our hotels and will generally enter into property management agreements with one or more affiliated property management companies. These may include TPG Hotels & Resorts, Inc., an affiliate of our Sponsor and PHA, or TPG Hotels & Resorts, Inc.’s wholly owned subsidiaries, which we collectively refer to as TPG, or other affiliates or designees of TPG. We expect our property manager will operate and manage all or substantially all of our hotel properties.
We anticipate that we will acquire properties with property management agreements that can be terminated with little or no cost. In such cases, our TRSs will enter into property management agreements with one or more property management companies affiliated with our Sponsor. We expect our property manager will operate and manage all or substantially all of our hotel properties. We collectively refer to TPG and other property management companies affiliated with our Sponsor as our property manager.
PHA and affiliated property managers will be entitled to receive fees during the acquisition and operational stages of the Company, and PHA may be eligible to receive fees during the liquidation stage of the Company. S2K Financial LLC has received and will continue to receive fees for services related to offering our securities.
We elected to be taxed as, and currently qualify as, a REIT under the Code commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that we distribute qualifying dividends to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year following the year we initially elect to be taxed as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for four years following the year in which qualification is lost, unless the IRS grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Failing to qualify as a REIT could materially and adversely affect our net income and results of operations.
Recent Developments
COVID-19 Impact
In December 2019, COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, subsequently spread to other regions of the world, and has resulted in significant travel restrictions and extended shutdown of numerous businesses in every state in the United States. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. The negative impact on room demand within our portfolio stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic is significant. We experienced an initial decline in hotel revenue that began in our first fiscal quarter. However, with the continuing spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented governmental measures implemented in response, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated rapidly, and we experienced a much greater effect on occupancy and hotel revenue per room (“RevPAR”) throughout our hotel portfolio. We experienced reservation cancellations as well as a reduction in new reservations relative to prior expectations. The hotel industry and our portfolio have experienced the postponement or cancellation of a significant number of group bookings. Thus far, responses to the COVID-19 outbreak have included mandates from federal, state and/or local authorities that have restricted travel and the conduct of business, such as stay-at-home orders, quarantines, travel bans, border closings, business closures and other similar measures. As a result of COVID-19, the New Hanover County North Carolina Board of Commissioners instituted a State of Emergency effective March 28, 2020. Accordingly, as a result of this declaration, one of our hotel properties was instructed to close effective March 30, 2020 and remained closed until May 1, 2020. All four of our hotel properties were open and operational as of the date of this filing.
While efforts to reduce operating costs have been made, we cannot be certain as to what level of savings can be maintained overall to mitigate the material decline in hotel revenues we are experiencing. The full financial impact of the reduction in hotel demand caused by the pandemic cannot be reasonably estimated at this time due to uncertainty as to its severity and duration. Given the current availability and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, in addition to a decrease in government related mandates, the Company anticipates an improvement in traveler sentiment. However, we expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flow for at least the first-half of 2021. As a result, we have reduced our planned capital expenditures outside the normal course of our business and are working closely with our hotel managers to reduce our hotels' operating expenses.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted by the Federal Government, which, among other things, provided emergency assistance to qualifying businesses and individuals as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act also included the establishment of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) loan to businesses with fewer than 500 employees that may be partially forgivable. In May 2020, we received $1,018,917 in PPP loans relating to our four hotel properties. We have applied for full forgiveness of these loans. The applications are currently in review with the SBA. We have applied for the second round of funding and have received $889,671 of the approximately $1,426,711 applied for as of March 26, 2021.
The Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, enacted December 27, 2020, made a number of changes to the employee retention tax credits previously made available under the CARES Act, including modifying and extending the Employee Retention Credit. On March 11, 2021, President Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“ARPA”), which is the latest stimulus package aimed at mitigating the financial impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The ARPA includes an extension of the CARES Act Employee Retention Tax Credit, as well as additional modifications of the credit for the last two calendar quarters of 2021. We plan to take advantage of this program to the extent we are eligible.
Until such time as the virus is contained or eradicated and business and personal travel return to more customary levels, we expect to see substantial erosion in hotel cash flow. There may also be lasting effects related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to a slowdown in the U.S. economy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there may be increased operating costs, reduced air travel or other unknown factors which could materially reduce our operating cash flow for an unknown period of time. Further, the market and economic challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic could materially affect (i) the value and performance of our investments, (ii) our ability to pay future distributions, (iii) the availability or terms of financings, (iv) our ability to make scheduled principal and interest payments, and (v) our ability to refinance any outstanding debt when contractually due.
Market Outlook
Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the hospitality industry. Prior to the outbreak across the United States, the hotel industry was enjoying solid year-over-year performance in most key metrics. However, mandatory shelter in place orders, government-enforced travel restrictions, private sector travel moratoriums and overall consumer fear brought the hospitality industry to an unprecedented and abrupt standstill by the end of March 2020. Throughout the second and third quarters of 2020, as local and national governments and medical authorities planned and deployed their emergency response plans, like nearly all US industries, the hospitality industry was essentially shut down and prohibited from conducting normal business operations. These developments led to steep and significant declines in occupancy and ADR resulting in material and significant declines in room revenue and food and beverage revenue for us commencing in March 2020.
After nearly one full year of unprecedented disruption, the hospitality industry is beginning to demonstrate signs of recovery. With multiple vaccines currently in nationwide production and deployment, the passing of stimulus-friendly legislation and the loosening of the aforementioned restrictions, travel began to rebound slightly during the first quarter of 2021. We anticipate that as more Americans receive vaccinations, consumer confidence will return and domestic travel will increase due to a significant amount of pent-up demand.
Based on our business intelligence and close monitoring of industry reporting of key performance metrics, we expect increases in leisure travel throughout 2021 with the possibility of business travel beginning to improve during the third and fourth quarters; however, it is widely reported that the industry may not reach pre-pandemic performance levels until 2024. Given the size and geographic diversification of our portfolio of hotel properties, we believe that we are well positioned to benefit from a potential near-term surge in leisure travel and for when business travel returns later in the year.
Review of our Investment Policies
Our board of directors, including our independent directors, has reviewed our investment policies described in this Annual Report and our Registration Statement and determined that they are in the best interests of our stockholders because: (1) they increase the likelihood that we will be able to acquire a diversified portfolio of income producing properties, thereby reducing risk in our portfolio; (2) there are sufficient property acquisition opportunities with the attributes that we seek; (3) the executive officers, directors and affiliates of PHA have expertise with the type of real estate investments we seek; and (4) borrowings should enable us to purchase assets and earn income more quickly, thereby increasing our likelihood of generating income for our stockholders and preserving stockholder capital.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our accounting policies have been established to conform with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires significant management judgments, assumptions and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses. We believe the following critical accounting policies govern the significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements, which should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion of our accounting policies and procedures included in Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report.
Income Taxes
We elected to be taxed as, and currently qualify as, a REIT under the Code and have operated as such commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2018. To qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). We must also meet certain asset and income tests, as well as other requirements. As a REIT, we will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent we make distributions to our stockholders equal to or in excess of our taxable income. We will monitor the business and transactions that may potentially impact our REIT status. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year following 2018, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally would not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the IRS grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to our stockholders. However, we are, and intend to continue to be, organized and operated in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
We lease our hotel properties to our wholly owned TRSs that are subject to federal, state and local income taxes.
We account for income taxes of our TRSs using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We record a valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized.
We have reviewed tax positions under GAAP guidance that clarify the relevant criteria and approach for the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. The guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition of a tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return. A tax position may only be recognized in the financial statements if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination. We had no material uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2020.
The preparation of our various tax returns requires the use of estimates for federal and state income tax purposes. These estimates may be subjected to review by the respective taxing authorities. A revision to an estimate may result in an assessment of additional taxes, penalties and interest. At this time, a range in which our estimates may change is not expected to be material. We will account for interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax provisions in the current period’s results of operations, if necessary. We have not been assessed interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions. We have tax years 2017 through 2020 remaining subject to examination by various federal and state tax jurisdictions.
Real Estate Purchase Price Allocation
Upon the acquisition of hotel properties, we evaluate whether the acquisition is a business combination or an asset acquisition. For both business combinations and asset acquisitions, we allocate the purchase price of properties to acquired tangible assets and any assumed debt based on their fair value. For asset acquisitions, we capitalize transaction costs and allocate the purchase price using a relative fair value method allocating all accumulated costs. For business combinations, we expense transaction costs associated as incurred and allocate the purchase price based on the estimated fair value of each separately identifiable asset and liability.
The tangible assets acquired consist of land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment. We utilize independent appraisals, as well as hotel construction costs and other available market data, to assist in the determination of the fair values of the tangible assets of an acquired property.
We determine the fair value of any assumed debt by calculating the net present value of the scheduled mortgage payments using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers, including using a discounted cash flow analysis that uses appropriate discount or capitalization rates and available market information where applicable. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. Any difference between the fair value and stated value of the assumed debt is recorded as a discount or premium and amortized over the remaining life of the loan as interest expense.
In allocating the purchase price of each of our properties, we make assumptions and use various estimates, including, but not limited to, the estimated useful lives of the assets, the cost of replacing certain assets and discount rates used to determine present values. Many of these estimates are obtained from independent third-party appraisals. However, we are responsible for the source and use of these estimates. These estimates are based on judgment and subject to being imprecise; accordingly, if different estimates and assumptions were derived, the valuation of the various categories of our hotel properties or related intangibles could in turn result in a difference in the depreciation or amortization expense recorded in our consolidated financial statements. These variances could be material to our results of operations and financial condition.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We review long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles, including franchise agreements with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Recently issued accounting pronouncements are described in Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report.
Distributions
Our board of directors may authorize payment of distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status as it deems appropriate. Through the first quarter of 2020, we paid regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, our board of directors may reconsider our current distribution policy and may take further action with respect to distributions for our common stock, and could consider eliminating, suspending, or significantly reducing the payment of distributions in the future. The timing and amount of distributions will be determined by our board of directors, in its sole discretion, and may vary from time to time. Our board of directors’ discretion will be influenced in substantial part by its obligation to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to pay distributions on our K Shares, K-I Shares or K-T Shares. However, distributions will continue to accumulate pursuant to our charter.
Our board of directors has adopted a policy to refrain from funding distributions with offering proceeds; instead, we plan to fund distributions from cash flows from operations and capital transactions (other than the Public Offering or other securities offerings but which may include the sale of one or more assets). However, our charter does not restrict us from paying distributions from any particular source, including proceeds from securities offerings, and our board of directors has the ability to change our policy regarding the source of distributions. However, in accordance with Maryland law, we may not make distributions that would: (1) cause us to be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; or (2) cause our total assets to be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus, unless our charter provides otherwise, senior liquidation preferences. Our charter currently provides that amounts that would be needed, if we were to dissolve at the time of such distributions, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of holders of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares shall not be added to our total liabilities for these purposes. Subject to the preceding, our board of directors will determine the amount of distributions we will pay to our stockholders. We have not established a minimum distribution level.
We have funded distributions with operating cash flows from our hotel properties and with proceeds from loans from affiliates and from the issuance of common stock pursuant to the DRIP. To the extent we do not have sufficient earnings and profits, distributions paid will be considered a return of capital to stockholders. For information on the distributions paid during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, refer to Note 10 - “Stockholders’ Equity” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we paid the following distributions, including those paid pursuant to the DRIP:
For the Year Ended December 31,
Distributions paid in cash
$
1,713,172
$
1,042,690
Distributions reinvested
183,576
61,327
Total distributions
$
1,896,748
$
1,104,017
Source of distributions:
Cash flows provided by operations
$
1,713,172
%
$
1,042,690
%
Offering proceeds from issuance of common stock pursuant to the DRIP
183,576
%
61,327
%
Total sources
$
1,896,748
%
$
1,104,017
%
The tax composition of our distributions declared for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Ordinary Income
-
%
%
Return of Capital
%
%
Total
%
%
Although the tax composition of such distributions may be a return of capital, distributions for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were paid for with gross cash flow from operations. To the extent we do not have taxable income, distributions paid will be considered a return of capital to stockholders.
On March 3, 2020, our stockholders approved to amend our charter (1) to increase the rate at which cash distributions on K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares automatically accumulate under our charter from 6% to 7% per annum of the K Share Distribution Base of such K Share, K-I Share Distribution Base of such K-I Share and K-T Share Distribution Base of such K-T Share, respectively, and (2) to increase the maximum rate at which distributions on A Shares may be authorized by our board of directors and declared by us from 6% to 7% of the stated value of an A Share ($10.00) from income and cash flow from ordinary operations on a cumulative basis. The changes pursuant to the Articles of Amendment to our charter became effective beginning with distributions that accumulated on March 31, 2020.
We paid quarterly distributions with respect to the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the quarter ended June 30, 2020, and the partial distribution for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, with operating cash flows from our hotel properties, consistent with prior distributions. Unpaid distributions will continue to accumulate pursuant to our charter. Our board of directors will make determinations as to the payment of future distributions on a quarter by quarter basis; however, distributions will continue to accumulate pursuant to our charter.
Results of Operations
The discussion that follows is based on our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The ability to compare one period to another is significantly affected by acquisitions completed during those periods and the effect of COVID-19. We commenced real estate operations on March 29, 2018, in connection with our first investment, a 51% ownership interest in two select-service hotel properties, the Springhill Suites Wilmington and the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg,
through our joint venture with Procaccianti Convertible Fund, LLC (“PCF”), an affiliate of our Sponsor. We completed our second investment, a 100% fee simple interest in the Hotel Indigo Traverse City, a select-service hotel property, on August 15, 2018. We completed our third investment in the Hilton Garden Inn Providence, a select-service hotel property, on February 27, 2020.Therefore, our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 are not directly comparable to those for the year ended December 31, 2019.
This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2020 and 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019. Discussions of 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Factors That May Influence Results of Operations
We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, other than national economic conditions affecting real estate generally and those risks listed in Part I Item 1A “Risk Factors” herein, including but not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic, as discussed below, that may be reasonably expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on revenues or income from the acquisition, management and operation of our properties.
COVID-19 Pandemic
We continue to take the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic extremely seriously and are proactively taking steps to attempt to address the corresponding operational threats to our hotel properties in an effort to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial results and position us to rebound as quickly as possible once the situation has stabilized.
The negative impact on room demand at our hotel properties stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic is significant and we continue to see a profound effect on occupancy and RevPAR at our hotel properties.
Our Sponsor’s principals and senior executives, and our highly experienced property level management teams employed by TPG Hotels & Resorts, our hospitality and property management affiliate, have over three decades of experience in the hospitality industry, and have weathered many market swings, including experience dealing with the impacts of previous disruptive events such as 9/11 and the significant recession of 2008.
Our primary responsibility is to ensure the safety and security of hotel employees and the guests we serve, by facilitating healthy environments. To that end, we have equipped staff with appropriate training, tools and protocols crafted in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance and best practices. At all of our hotel properties, additional cleanliness procedures are being implemented, which include, but are not limited to:
•
Placing additional hand sanitizer dispensers throughout each property, especially around frequent contact ‘touch points’ and hard surfaces touched by numerous people, such as elevators, food and beverage areas, front desks, fitness rooms and public restroom facilities;
•
Increased sanitizing efforts in public areas using disinfecting products, with a focus on areas touched by multiple people, such as door handles, elevator buttons and room key cards; and
•
Implementing protocols to more frequently sanitize guest room surfaces using disinfecting products, including faucets, remote controls, pens, phones and clock radios.
While we would expect a select-service hotel portfolio like ours to lend itself to a lesser impact than conference center hotels or resort-conference hotels, the situation is highly fluid and there is no way to currently predict the ultimate extent and duration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on any of our hotel properties or our overall financial results. Accordingly, our experienced hotel management teams are implementing both best practices revenue management and significant expense cutting strategies.
•
Revenue strategies include focusing on occupancy driven revenue as opposed to rate driven revenue, which is accomplished by pursuing and accepting business that may not be in the traditional preferred rate range while continuing to maintain current and previous hotel accounts and providing incentives to rebook on future dates.
•
Expense strategies include the implementation of cost saving measures such as: staffing reductions, furloughs, limiting services, energy conservation measures, etc.
We cannot, however, predict with certainty, even with our best efforts in these strategies, what level of potential revenues and expense savings can be achieved overall to mitigate the material decline in business our hotels are experiencing.
We expect the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the extent of its effect on our financial and operational results and the economic contraction, to be dictated by, among other things, its duration, the success of efforts to contain it, efficacy, availability and deployment of vaccinations and other treatments to combat COVID-19 and the effect of actions taken in response (such as travel advisories and restrictions and social distancing), including the extent and duration of such actions.
The extent and duration of the effects of COVID-19 are not yet clear. These uncertainties make it difficult to predict operating results for our hotels for 2021. Therefore, there can be no assurances that we will not experience further declines in hotel revenues or earning at our hotels. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report.
Rooms revenues
We expect the majority of our revenues to be derived from the operation of our hotel properties. Rooms revenues are the product of the number of rooms sold and the average daily room rate. Rooms revenues decreased to $11,467,514 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $15,142,022 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The $3,674,508 net decrease was principally due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry, which caused a decrease in our rooms revenues of $5,248,390, which was significantly offset by the incremental rooms revenue of $1,573,882 generated by the Hilton Garden Inn Providence that we acquired on February 27, 2020. State governments imposed rigid travel restrictions, which combined with consumer fears relating to the pandemic, resulted in all of our hotel properties experiencing significant declines in occupancy. As a result of COVID-19 the New Hanover County North Carolina Board of Commissioners instituted a State of Emergency effective March 28, 2020. Accordingly, as a result of this declaration the Springhill Suites Wilmington was instructed to close effective March 30, 2020 and remained closed until May 1, 2020. Our hotel properties also experienced lower daily rates in an attempt to entice customers to stay at the hotel properties. Although these decreases were significantly noticeable at the initial onset of the pandemic, specifically during the months of March, April and May 2020, we saw increases in both occupancy and rate at all of our hotel properties in the months of June, July, August and September 2020.
The following presents the hotel operating results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 for the entire portfolio:
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Year
Quarter
Quarter
Quarter
Quarter
Ended
December 31, 2020
Average Occupancy Percentage
59.40
%
30.33
%
62.96
%
42.71
%
48.85
%
ADR
$
126.30
$
109.29
$
164.41
$
119.74
$
129.94
RevPAR
$
75.25
$
40.22
$
113.57
$
54.35
$
70.85
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Year
Quarter
Quarter
Quarter
Quarter
Ended
December 31, 2019
Average Occupancy Percentage
75.23
%
82.84
%
82.48
%
71.38
%
77.98
%
ADR
$
131.72
$
154.67
$
183.58
$
130.19
$
150.04
RevPAR
$
101.10
$
129.35
$
158.41
$
95.04
$
120.98
The Hilton Garden Inn Providence was purchased on February 27, 2020, and is not reflected in the 2019 operating results presented above.
A comparison of hotel rooms revenues for the hotels owned continuously for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
Increase
Increase
(Decrease)
(Decrease) %
Springhill Suites Wilmington
$
2,637,048
$
4,559,419
$
(1,922,371)
(42.16)%
Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg
2,591,434
4,513,072
(1,921,638)
(42.58)%
Hotel Indigo Traverse City
4,665,151
6,069,531
(1,404,380)
(23.14)%
$
9,893,633
$
15,142,022
$
(5,248,389)
The decrease in rooms revenues of $1,922,371, or 42.16%, at the Springhill Suites Wilmington is primarily driven by decreases in both occupancy and the ADR compared to the prior year. Occupancy at the Springhill Suites Wilmington decreased from 79.84% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 51.23% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The ADR at the Springhill Suites Wilmington decreased from $130.37 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $117.26 for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of 13.11%.
The decrease in rooms revenues of $1,921,638, or 42.58%, at the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg is primarily driven by decreases in both occupancy and the ADR compared to the prior year. Occupancy at the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg decreased from 74.54% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 47.85% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The ADR at the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg decreased from $139.40 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $124.51 for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of 14.89%.
The decrease in rooms revenues of $1,404,380 or 23.14%, at the Hotel Indigo Traverse City is primarily driven by a decrease in both occupancy and offset by a slight increase in the ADR compared to the prior year.
Occupancy at the Hotel Indigo Traverse City decreased from 79.56% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 59.78% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The ADR at the Hotel Indigo Traverse City increased from $195.33 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $199.31 for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of 3.98%.
Food and beverage revenues
Food and beverage revenues decreased to $1,195,057 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $2,053,282 for the year ended December 31, 2019. These amounts are comprised of revenues realized in hotel food and beverage outlets as well as catering events. The $858,225 decrease from the prior year period is primarily due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry, as the Hilton Garden Inn Providence, which was acquired on February 27, 2020, only generated $27,604 of food and beverage revenues. State governments imposed rigid travel restrictions, which combined with consumer fears relating to the pandemic, resulted in all of our hotel properties experiencing significant declines in occupancy compared to the prior year. Additionally, as discussed above, the Springhill Suites Wilmington was closed for the entire month of April 2020. In response to mandates imposed by local government, our hotel properties were forced to cancel all catering events and close down all bar and alcohol services. Although these decreases were significantly noticeable at the initial onset of the pandemic, specifically during the first half of the year, we saw improvements in both occupancy and food and beverage revenues at all of our hotel properties throughout the latter half of the year.
Other operating revenues
Other operating revenues decreased to $428,909 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $438,730 for the year ended December 31, 2019. These amounts include ancillary hotel revenues and other items primarily driven by occupancy such as telephone/internet, parking, gift shops, and other guest services. The $9,821 net decrease from the prior year period is primarily driven by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry. The $35,688 decrease was somewhat offset by the incremental other operating revenues generated by the Hilton Garden Inn Providence of $25,867. State governments imposed rigid travel restrictions, which combined with consumer fears relating to the pandemic, resulted in all of our hotel properties experiencing significant declines in occupancy compared to the prior year. Additionally, the Springhill Suites Wilmington was closed for the entire month of April 2020.
Rooms expenses
Rooms expenses were $2,387,384 and $3,030,502 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $643,118 net decrease in rooms expenses was mainly a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has forced us to implement cost saving strategies that reduced our expenses by $705,613. Additionally, the Springhill Suites Wilmington was closed for the entire month of April 2020. This decrease is partially offset by the incremental rooms expense of $408,798 incurred by the Hilton Garden Inn Providence that we acquired on February 27, 2020. Rooms expenses are primarily driven by the corresponding revenue account and occupancy, which both experienced significant declines.
Food and beverage expenses
Food and beverage expenses were $754,897 and $1,419,678 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $664,781 decrease in food and beverage expenses is primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has forced us to implement cost saving strategies. Additionally, the Springhill Suites Wilmington was closed for the entire month of April 2020. Food and beverage expenses are
primarily driven by the corresponding revenue account and occupancy, which both experienced significant declines.
Other property expenses
Other property expenses were $5,802,767 and $5,508,700 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $294,067 increase in other property expenses is primarily driven by the acquisition of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence, which incurred $1,129,389 of other property expenses offset by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has forced us to implement cost saving strategies such as staffing reductions, furloughs, limiting services and energy conservation measures which reduced our expenses by $835,322. We are continually monitoring staffing on an as needed basis depending on occupancy at each individual hotel. Additionally, the Springhill Suites Wilmington was closed for the entire month of April 2020. Other property expenses are primarily driven by the corresponding revenue account and occupancy. These amounts also include maintenance, utilities, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses of the hotel properties, as well as net franchise fees, property taxes and other taxes.
Property management fees to affiliates
Property management fees to affiliates were $393,134 and $530,307 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Property management fees are property level expenses equal to 3% of the hotel properties’ gross revenues and we expect them to fluctuate accordingly. The $137,173 decrease in property management fees is primarily due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on revenues, which reduced property management fees by $186,095 compared to the prior year, offset by the ownership of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence for ten months and three days during the year ended December 31, 2020, which generated $48,922 in property management fees.
Corporate, general and administrative expenses
Corporate, general and administrative expenses were $1,488,376 and $1,445,599 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Corporate general and administrative expenses consist primarily of transfer agent fees, fees paid to the board of directors, audit and tax fees, and other professional services fees. The $42,777 increase is primarily due to professional fees associated with the acquisition of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence, which is partially offset by the implementation of cost saving strategies such as negotiations of fee reductions with various vendors.
Other fees to affiliates
Other fees to affiliates were $979,460 and $352,288 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other fees to affiliates include acquisition fees due to an affiliate for providing services including selecting, evaluating and acquiring potential investments. This fee is equal to 1.5% of the Gross Contract Purchase Price of an investment (as defined in the Advisory Agreement). Payment of the acquisition fees is deferred until the occurrence of a liquidation event. Acquisition fees incurred for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $441,370 and related to the purchase of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence. There were no acquisition fees incurred for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Other fees to affiliates also include asset management fees due to PHA that are paid quarterly in arrears equal to one-fourth of 0.75% of the adjusted cost of our assets. The $185,801 increase in asset management fees is primarily driven by the fact that we did not own the Hilton Garden Inn Providence during the year ended December 31, 2019. We have deferred payment of the quarterly asset management fees due to PHA until adequate cash flow is available.
Acquisition costs
Acquisition costs were $94,133 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Acquisitions costs include closing costs associated with the purchase of hotel properties and due diligence costs relating to potential acquisitions. Acquisition costs of $72,149 relating to the purchase the Hilton Garden Inn Providence were expensed as incurred in accordance with Topic 810 for the year ended December 31, 2020. We incurred an additional $21,984 of acquisition costs relating to dead deal costs. There were no acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $3,011,904 and $2,247,028 the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These amounts include depreciation on our hotel buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, along with amortization of our franchise fees and certain intangibles. The $745,492 increase in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily the result of owning the Hilton Garden Inn Providence for ten months and three days during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Loss on acquisition
The $133,521 loss on acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2020, represents the loss incurred as a result of purchase of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition under the VIE model and therefore the difference in the fair value of the net assets acquired and consideration paid is recognized as a gain or loss. The loss is primarily a result of significant decreases in interest rates and its impact on the fair value of debt due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As any subsequent investments will be independent of this transaction, we cannot predict any future gains or losses but we will evaluate any future acquisitions accordingly. There were no gains or losses on acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net, was $2,642,094 and $2,187,061 for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest expense includes monthly fixed rate payments on the outstanding mortgage notes payable balance, accrued interest on the outstanding asset management fees, acquisition fees and promissory notes from PHA and our Sponsor, and the amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts or
premiums. The $455,033 increase in interest expense is primarily the result of owning the Hilton Garden Inn Providence for ten months and three days during the year ended December 31, 2020. The incremental interest expense relating to the Hilton Garden Inn Providence was $615,837. The increase is partially offset by $116,896 of interest expense on a $6,600,000 promissory note with our Sponsor related to the acquisition of the Hotel Indigo Traverse City that was incurred during the year ended December 31, 2019. The note was repaid in full by July 11, 2019. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred $119,272 of interest expense relating to the amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts, offset by $110,263 relating to the amortization of the fair value of debt premium.
Interest income on interest-bearing cash accounts was $31,239 and $25,328 for year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is presented as a reduction of the total interest expense on the consolidated income statement.
Unrealized gain or loss on interest rate swap
Unrealized gain on our interest rate swap was $30,663 for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the unrealized loss was $173,204 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Unrealized gains and losses relate to changes in interest rates.
Income tax benefit or expense
We had an income tax expense of $609 for the year ended December 31, 2020 and an income tax expense of $42,727 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The income tax expenses are related to taxable income at the TRSs.
Net income or loss
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had net loss of $4,566,136 compared to a net income of $696,940 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in net income of $5,263,076 over the comparable prior year period was the result of the changes in revenues and expenses discussed above.
Net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
Net loss relating to noncontrolling interests was $709,531 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to net income of $593,988 for the year ended December 31, 2019. This amount includes net income or losses attributable to a third-party’s 49% ownership interest in PCF and will fluctuate accordingly with any increases or decreases to net income at PCF. This amount also includes net income or losses attributable to the noncontrolling Operating Partnership Class K OP Units issued as part of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence acquisition. The noncontrolling Class K OP Units are allocated net income or loss attributable to the Operating Partnership based on the total outstanding Class K OP Units as a percentage of all our outstanding common stock.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The negative impact on room demand within our portfolio stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic is significant. We experienced an initial decline in hotel revenue that began in March 2020. However, with the increased spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe, the impact accelerated rapidly, and we saw a much greater effect on occupancy and hotel RevPAR throughout our hotel portfolio. We expect the occupancy and RevPAR reduction associated with the COVID-19 pandemic to continue as we are experiencing reservation cancellations as well as a reduction in new reservations relative to prior
expectations. The hotel industry and our portfolio experienced the postponement or cancellation of a significant number of group bookings. Thus far, responses to the COVID-19 outbreak have included mandates from federal, state and/or local authorities that have restricted travel and the conduct of business, such as stay-at-home orders, quarantines, travel bans, border closings, business closures and other similar measures. As a result of COVID-19 the New Hanover County North Carolina Board of Commissioners instituted a State of Emergency effective March 28, 2020. Accordingly, as a result of this declaration, the Springhill Suites Wilmington was instructed to close effective March 30, 2020 and remained closed until May 1, 2020. Additionally, many of our hotel properties were ordered to shut down food and beverage services in response to government mandates.
In anticipation of a significant strain on the hotels’ cash flows, we have implemented cost reduction procedures at all of our hotels including significant reduction in staffing levels, discussions with vendors to extend payments terms and discount current pricing, discussions with our lenders to defer loan interest payments for a period of three to nine months, and utilize provisions from the CARES Act to provide additional liquidity from federally supported loan programs. As of December 31, 2020, we have received $1,018,917 in first round PPP loans related to our four hotel properties. As of March 26, 2021, we have applied for approximately $1,426,711 of second round PPP loans, of which we have received $889,671 of the funds. For more information, refer to Note 7 - “Other Debt” to our consolidated financial statements. We have also made modifications to our existing debt, and, during the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2020, we entered into loan modification agreements with certain of our lenders to relieve some pressure on these properties during this time. For more information, refer to Note 5 - “Mortgage Notes Payable” to our consolidated financial statements.
While efforts to reduce operating costs have been made, we cannot be certain as to what level of savings can be maintained overall to mitigate the material decline in hotel revenues we are experiencing. The full financial impact of the reduction in hotel demand caused by the pandemic cannot be reasonably estimated at this time due to uncertainty as to its severity and duration. We expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flow into 2021. As a result, we have reduced our planned capital expenditures outside the normal course of busines and are working closely with our hotel managers to reduce our hotels' operating expenses.
Until such time as the virus is contained or eradicated and business and personal travel return to more customary levels, we expect to see substantial erosion in hotel cash flow. There may also be lasting effects related to the COVID-19 pandemic. For an unknown period related to a slowdown in the U.S. economy, there may be increased labor costs, increased operating costs, reduced air travel or other unknown factors which could materially reduce our operating cash flow. Further, the market and economic challenges associated with COVID-19 could materially affect (i) the value and performance of our investments, (ii) our ability to pay future distributions, if any, (iii) the availability or terms of financings, (iv) our ability to make scheduled principal and interest payments, and (v) our ability to refinance any outstanding debt when contractually due.
On April 7, 2020, our board of directors unanimously approved the temporary suspension of (i) the sale of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares in the Public Offering, effective as of April 7, 2020 and (ii) the operation of the DRIP, effective as of April 17, 2020. On June 10, 2020, our board of directors determined an estimated NAV per share of all classes of our capital stock, each calculated as of March 31, 2020, as follows: (i) $8.56 per K-Share; (ii) $8.55 per K-I Share; (iii) $8.56 per K-T Share; (iv) $0.00 per A Share; and (v) $0.00 per B Share and unanimously approved the resumption of the acceptance of subscriptions and the resumption of the operation of the DRIP, which will be effective with the next authorized payment of distributions.
In addition, the board of directors will reconsider our current distribution policy and may take further action with respect to distributions for our common stock, and could consider eliminating, suspending, or significantly reducing the payment of distributions until more information regarding the effect of the virus and its duration is available. We paid quarterly distributions with respect to the quarters ended March 31, 2020, and June 30, 2020, and the partial distribution for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, with operating cash flow, consistent with prior distributions. Our board of directors will make determinations as to the payment of future distributions on a quarter-by-quarter basis; however, distributions will continue to accumulate pursuant to our charter.
In a normal operating environment, our sources of funds are primarily the net proceeds of our Public Offering, funds equal to amounts reinvested in the DRIP, operating cash flows and borrowings. Our principal demands for funds will be for acquisition costs, including the purchase price of any properties, loans and securities we acquire, improvement costs, the payment of our operating and administrative expenses, continuing debt service obligations and distributions to and repurchases from our stockholders. Generally, we will fund our acquisitions from the net proceeds of the Public Offering. We intend to acquire our assets with cash, including proceeds from the Public Offering, and mortgage or other debt. PHA and its affiliates have agreed to purchase A Shares in a private placement in order to provide us with funds sufficient to pay the selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees, and other organizational and offering expenses related to the K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares sold in the primary offering portion of our Public Offering. In addition, we will allocate proceeds from the sale of A Shares in amounts that represent the difference between (i) the applicable estimated NAV per K-I Share and the applicable offering price of K-I Shares sold in our primary offering and (ii) any discount to the applicable offering price of K Shares, K-I Shares and K-T Shares arising from reduced or waived selling commissions (other than reduced selling commissions for volume discounts) or dealer manager fees.
In addition, in a normal operating environment, we expect to use debt financing as a source of capital. Our charter provides that the maximum amount of our total indebtedness shall not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined in accordance with NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. In addition, it is currently our intention to limit our aggregate borrowings to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets, unless borrowing a greater amount is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for borrowing such a greater amount. This limitation, however, will not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. At the date of acquisition of each asset, we anticipate that the cost of investment for such asset will be substantially similar to its fair market value. However, subsequent events, including changes in the fair market value of our assets, could result in our exceeding these limits.
We do not intend to fund distributions from offering proceeds; however, if we have not generated sufficient cash flow from our operations and other sources, such as from borrowings, advances from PHA, PHA’s deferral, suspension and/or waiver of its fees and expense reimbursements, to fund distributions, we may use offering proceeds. Subject to certain limited exceptions, there is no limit to the amount of distributions that we may pay from offering proceeds. Moreover, our board of directors may change this policy, in its sole discretion, at any time.
Potential future sources of capital include secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders, establishing additional lines of credit and undistributed cash flow. Note that, currently, we have not identified
any additional sources of financing, aside from utilizing funds provided by the CARES Act, and there is no assurance that such sources of financings will be available on favorable terms or at all.
We believe that cash and restricted cash on hand, cash from operations after implementing cost reduction procedures, net offering proceeds from the sale of common stock in the Public Offering and borrowings from other sources, including advances from PHA and our Sponsor, if necessary, will be sufficient to fund our operating and administrative expenses and continuing debt service obligations over the next twelve months.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Proceeds from the sale of common stock in the Private Offering and Public Offering were partially used to fund our investments in hotel properties and the related costs associated with the transactions. Such proceeds were also used to pay general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020. The remaining proceeds are held in liquid cash accounts. Cash balances from our investments in hotel properties were consolidated during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
As of December 31, 2020, we owned an interest in four hotel properties. We owned an interest in three hotel properties for the full years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and a fourth hotel property for approximately ten months and three days during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $477,792, compared to the net cash provided by operating activities of $3,108,133 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our operating cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2020 was the result of our net loss, offset partially by adjustments for non-cash expenses, including depreciation and amortization; the change in fair value of the interest rate swap agreement; and by adjustments for receivables, other assets, amounts due to and from related parties, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Our operating cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2019 was the result of our net income, offset partially by adjustments for non-cash expenses, including depreciation and amortization; the change in fair value of the interest rate swap agreement; and by adjustments for receivables, other assets, amounts due to and from related parties, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities will vary based on how quickly we raise funds in our Public Offering and how quickly we invest those funds towards acquisitions of real estate and real-estate related investments. During the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $12,449,839 which represented the investment in the Hilton Garden Inn Providence, net, and capital improvements at our hotel properties. During the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $823,361 and was the result of capital improvements at our hotel properties.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $10,195,781. We received $2,000,000 of mortgage note proceeds relating to the acquisition of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence offset by $94,770 of deferred financing costs incurred. We received proceeds of $10,476,003 through the sale of common stock in our Public Offering. These proceeds are offset by the payment of offering costs consisting partially of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees totaling $898,901 for the year ended December 31, 2020. We received $1,018,917 of cash relating to the PPP loans. We made principal payments on the Springhill Suites Wilmington Note and the Staybridge Suites St.
Petersburg Note totaling $202,467. We paid cash distributions of $1,713,172 to stockholders with gross proceeds from operations at our hotel properties. Cash flow from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020, also includes $196,000 of distributions and $120,050 of contributions from noncontrolling interests. Additionally, we repurchased $313,879 of outstanding common stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities was $6,918,873. We received proceeds of $18,724,853 through the sale of common stock in our Public Offering. These proceeds are offset by the payment of offering costs consisting partially of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees totaling $1,459,134 for the year ended December 31, 2019. We made prepayments of $1,744,000 on mortgage notes payable and $6,600,000 on loans from affiliates. We paid cash distributions of $1,042,690 to stockholders with proceeds from operations. Cash flow from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019, also includes $894,250 of distributions to noncontrolling interest. During the year ending December 31, 2019, we repurchased $65,906 of outstanding common stock.
Debt
We intend to maintain amounts outstanding under long-term debt arrangements or lines of credit so that we will have more funds available for investment in properties, which will allow us to acquire a more diversified portfolio. However, the percentage of debt financing we utilize at any given time will be dependent upon various factors to be considered in the sole discretion of our board of directors, including, but not limited to, our ability to raise equity proceeds from the sale of our securities in the Public Offering, our ability to pay distributions, the availability of properties meeting our investment criteria, the availability of debt financing, and changes in the cost of debt financing. To help finance our initial acquisitions, we may utilize short-term borrowings. However, after our initial property acquisitions, as a general principle, we anticipate that the term of any debt financing we utilize will correspond to the anticipated holding period for the respective property.
We may repay borrowings under any future credit facility or under any future long-term mortgage debt with proceeds from the sale of properties, operating cash flow, long-term mortgage debt, proceeds from the Public Offering, proceeds from any future offerings, or proceeds from any other future securities offerings.
Due to the market and economic challenges impacting us and the hospitality industry as a whole as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in significant declines in our hotel properties’ revenues, and the uncertainty of the rapidly developing situation, we entered into loan modification agreements with certain of our lenders to relieve some pressure on these properties during this time, as described in more detail below.
The note secured by the Hotel Indigo Traverse City (“TCI Note”) provided for interest only monthly payments until maturity. However, on April 21, 2020, a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, entered into a First Amendment to Loan Agreement and Other Loan Documents (the “Hotel Indigo Loan Modification Documents”) with its existing lender, Citizens Bank, N.A. (“Citizens Bank”), to amend the terms of the TCI Note. Pursuant to the Hotel Indigo Loan Modification Documents, the interest only payments that were scheduled to be paid on April 1, 2020, May 1, 2020 and June 1, 2020 were deferred (collectively, the “Deferred Payments”). The Deferred Payments will not accrue interest but shall be deemed principal to be due and payable in full on or before June 30, 2021. Regularly scheduled interest payments recommenced on July 1, 2020. Prepayment of the Deferred Payments is allowed without penalty and the Operating Partnership’s obligation to pay the Deferred Payments may be accelerated by Citizens Bank as allowed under the Loan Documents.
In regards to the TCI Note, the Hotel Indigo Loan Modification Documents waived the Operating Partnership’s requirement to achieve the stated debt service coverage ratio for the period from January 1, 2020 through June 30, 2021 and provides that all net worth, liquidity and financial covenant testing and any requirements of the guarantor, TH Investment Holdings II, LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor, to comply with such covenants are waived from January 1, 2020 through June 30, 2021.
The note secured by the Hilton Garden Inn Providence (“HGI Note”) required monthly interest payments at a fixed rate of 4.25%. The HGI Note provided for interest only monthly payments for 36 months, with payments based on a 30-year amortization schedule thereafter. However, on April 23, 2020, we and the Operating Partnership, through its subsidiary, entered into an Omnibus Amendment and Reaffirmation Agreement (the “Hilton Garden Inn Loan Modification Agreement”) with the existing lender, to amend the terms of the mortgage loan and loan documents on the HGI Notes. Pursuant to the Hilton Garden Inn Loan Modification Agreement, interest only payments that were due on the six consecutive payment dates starting with the payment scheduled for April 2020 are deferred until the date that is twelve months after the date each payment was originally due.
In regards to the HGI Note, the Hilton Garden Inn Loan Modification Agreement provides that all financial covenant testing and any other requirements of the Operating Partnership to comply with such covenants are waived until the year ending December 31, 2021, and that all net worth, liquidity and financial covenant testing and any requirements of the Company as guarantor to comply with such covenants are waived until the year ending December 31, 2021.
As a result of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg failed to maintain the required debt service coverage ratio as defined in the St. Petersburg Note loan documents for the period ended June 30, 2020. In August 2020, we received a written waiver of all debt service coverage testing for the test due for the periods ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, from the lender. The lender approved an additional modification of the debt service coverage test for the period ending December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Therefore, as of December 31, 2020, the Staybridge Suites St. Petersburg was in compliance with its covenant requirements and all required payments have been made as agreed.
As of December 31, 2020, as a result of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Springhill Suites Wilmington failed to maintain the required debt service coverage ratio as defined in the Wilmington Note loan documents. In March 2021, we received a written waiver of all debt service coverage testing for the test due for the periods ended December 31, 2020 through June 30, 2021, from the lender. Therefore, as of December 31, 2020, the Springhill Suites Wilmington was in compliance with its covenant requirements and all required payments have been made as agreed.
Contractual Obligations
We enter into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification provisions. Our maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown; however, we have not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts. Our management has reviewed our existing contracts and expects the risk of loss to us to be remote.
We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings and, to our knowledge, no material legal proceedings are threatened against us. From time to time, we may be party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that any such proceedings will have a material effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.
Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:
Less than
More than
1 Year
1 - 3 Years
3 - 5 Years
5 Years
Total
Outstanding debt obligations
$
15,489,358
$
1,053,768
$
39,876,308
$
-
$
56,419,434
Interest payments on outstanding debt obligations
2,215,260
3,906,176
1,893,673
-
8,015,109
Total
$
17,704,618
$
4,959,944
$
41,769,981
$
-
$
64,434,543
Contractual obligations presented above exclude the impact of our outstanding PPP loans, which we expect to be fully forgiven.
Funds from Operations and Modified Funds from Operations
One of our objectives is to provide cash distributions to our stockholders from cash generated by our operations. The purchase of real estate assets and real estate-related investments and the corresponding expenses associated with that process are operational features of our business plan in order to generate cash from operations. Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”) an industry trade group, has promulgated a measure known as FFO, which we believe is an appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a REIT. FFO is not equivalent to our net income (loss) as determined under GAAP.
We define FFO, consistent with Nareit’s definition, as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property and asset impairment write-downs, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis.
We, along with others in the real estate industry, consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of a REIT’s operating performance because it is based on a net income (loss) analysis of property portfolio performance that excludes non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization and asset impairment write-downs, which we believe provides a more complete understanding of our performance to investors and to our management, and when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in occupancy.
Historical accounting convention (in accordance with GAAP) for real estate assets requires companies to report its investment in real estate at its carrying value, which consists of capitalizing the cost of acquisitions, development, construction, improvements and significant replacements, less depreciation and amortization and asset impairment write-downs, if any, which is not necessarily equivalent to the fair market value of its investment in real estate assets.
The historical accounting convention requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, which could be the case if such assets are not adequately maintained or repaired and renovated as required by relevant circumstances and/or as requested or required by lessees for operational purposes in order to maintain the value disclosed. We believe that, since fair value of real estate assets historically rises and falls with market conditions including, but not limited to, inflation, interest rates, the business cycle, unemployment and consumer
spending, presentations of operating results for a REIT using historical accounting for depreciation could be less informative.
In addition, we believe it is appropriate to disregard asset impairment write-downs as they are a non-cash adjustment to recognize losses on prospective sales of real estate assets. Since losses from sales of real estate assets are excluded from FFO, we believe it is appropriate that asset impairment write-downs in advancement of realization of losses should be excluded. Impairment write-downs are based on negative market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate and related assets may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability by estimating whether we will recover the carrying value of the asset through undiscounted future cash flows and eventual disposition (including, but not limited to, net rooms revenues, net proceeds on the sale of property and any other ancillary cash flows at a property or group level under GAAP). If based on this analysis, we do not believe that we will be able to recover the carrying value of the real estate asset, we will record an impairment write-down to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real estate asset. Testing for indicators of impairment is a continuous process and is analyzed on a quarterly basis. Investors should note, however, that determinations of whether impairment charges have been incurred are based partly on anticipated operating performance, because estimated undiscounted future cash flows from a property, including estimated future net rooms revenues, net proceeds on the sale of the property, and certain other ancillary cash flows, are taken into account in determining whether an impairment charge has been incurred. While impairment charges are excluded from the calculation of FFO as described above, investors are cautioned that due to the fact that impairments are based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows and that we intend to have a relatively limited term of our operations, it could be difficult to recover any impairment charges through the eventual sale of the property. No impairment losses have been recorded to date.
Publicly registered, non-listed REITs, such as us, typically have a significant amount of acquisition activity and are substantially more dynamic during their initial years of investment and operations. While other start up entities may also experience significant acquisition activity during their initial years, we believe that publicly registered, non-listed REITs are unique in that they have a limited life with targeted exit strategies within a relatively limited time frame after the acquisition activity ceases. We will use the proceeds raised in our offering to acquire real estate assets and real estate-related investments, and we intend to begin the process of achieving a liquidity event (i.e., listing of our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange, a merger or sale, the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or another similar transaction) within five to seven years after the completion of our offering stage, which is generally comparable to other publicly registered, non-listed REITs. Thus, we do not intend to continuously purchase real estate assets and intend to have a limited life. Due to these factors and other unique features of publicly registered, non-listed REITs, the IPA, an industry trade group, has standardized a measure known as MFFO, which we believe to be another appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a publicly registered, non-listed REIT. MFFO is a metric used by management to evaluate sustainable performance and distribution policy. MFFO is not equivalent to our net income (loss) as determined under GAAP.
We define MFFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the IPA’s Guideline 2010-01, Supplemental Performance Measure for Publicly Registered, Non-Listed REITs: Modified Funds from Operations (“Practice Guideline”), issued by the IPA in November 2010. The Practice Guideline defines MFFO as FFO further adjusted for the following items included in the determination of GAAP net income (loss): acquisition fees and expenses; amounts related to straight-line rental income and amortization of above and below intangible lease assets and liabilities; accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments; mark-to-market adjustments included in net income (loss); nonrecurring gains or losses included in net income (loss) from the extinguishment or sale of debt, hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or
securities holdings where trading of such holdings is not a fundamental attribute of the business plan; unrealized gains or losses resulting from consolidation from, or deconsolidation to, equity accounting; adjustments related to contingent purchase price obligations where such adjustments have been included in the derivation of GAAP net income (loss); and after adjustments for a consolidated and unconsolidated partnership and joint ventures, with such adjustments calculated to reflect MFFO on the same basis. Our MFFO calculation complies with the IPA’s Practice Guideline, described above. In calculating MFFO, we exclude paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses that are reported in our consolidated statements of operations. Since MFFO excludes acquisition fees and expenses, it should not be construed as a historic performance measure. Acquisition fees and expenses are paid in cash by us, and we have not set aside or put into escrow any specific amount of proceeds from our offerings to be used to fund acquisition fees and expenses. Acquisition fees and expenses include payments to PHA or its affiliates and third parties. Such fees and expenses will not be reimbursed by PHA or its affiliates and third parties, and therefore if there are no further proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock to fund future acquisition fees and expenses, such fees and expenses will need to be paid from either additional debt, operational earnings or cash flows, net proceeds from the sale of properties, or from ancillary cash flows. As a result, the amount of proceeds available for investment and operations would be reduced, or we may incur additional interest expense as a result of borrowed funds. Nevertheless, PHA or its affiliates will not accrue any claim on our assets if acquisition fees and expenses are not paid from the proceeds of our offerings. Under GAAP, acquisition fees and expenses related to the acquisition of properties determined to be business combinations are expensed as incurred, including investment transactions that are no longer under consideration, and are included in acquisition related expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, and acquisition expenses associated with transactions determined to be an asset purchase are capitalized.
All paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of other properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the real estate asset, these fees and expenses and other costs related to such property. In addition, MFFO may not be an indicator of our operating performance, especially during periods in which properties are being acquired.
In addition, certain contemplated non-cash fair value and other non-cash adjustments are considered operating non-cash adjustments to net income (loss) in determining cash flows from operations in accordance with GAAP.
We use MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate it in order to evaluate our performance against other publicly registered, non-listed REITs, which intend to have limited lives with short and defined acquisition periods and targeted exit strategies shortly thereafter. As noted above, MFFO may not be a useful measure of the impact of long-term operating performance if we do not continue to operate in this manner. We believe that our use of MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate it allow us to present our performance in a manner that reflects certain characteristics that are unique to publicly registered, non-listed REITs, such as their limited life, limited and defined acquisition period and targeted exit strategy, and hence the use of such measures may be useful to investors. For example, acquisition fees and expenses are intended to be funded from the proceeds of our offering and other financing sources and not from operations. By excluding acquisition fees and expenses, the use of MFFO provides information consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of its real estate assets. Additionally, fair value adjustments, which are based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions, but can also result from operational factors such as the ADR and occupancy rates, may not be directly related or
attributable to our current operating performance. By excluding such charges that may reflect anticipated and unrealized gains or losses, we believe MFFO provides useful supplemental information.
Presentation of this information is intended to assist management and investors in comparing the operating performance of different REITs, although it should be noted that not all REITs calculate FFO and MFFO the same way, so comparisons with other REITs may not be meaningful. Furthermore, FFO and MFFO are not necessarily indicative of cash flow available to fund cash needs and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as an indication of our performance, as an indication of our liquidity, or indicative of funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. FFO and MFFO should be reviewed in conjunction with other measurements as an indication of our performance. MFFO may be useful in assisting management and investors in assessing the sustainability of operating performance in future operating periods, and in particular, after the offering and acquisition stages are complete and NAV is disclosed. MFFO is not a useful measure in evaluating NAV since impairment write-downs are taken into account in determining NAV but not in determining MFFO.
FFO and MFFO, as described above, should not be construed to be more relevant or accurate than the current GAAP methodology in calculating net income (loss) or in its applicability in evaluating our operational performance. The method used to evaluate the value and performance of real estate under GAAP should be construed as a more relevant measure of operation performance and considered more prominently than the non-GAAP FFO and MFFO measures and the adjustments to GAAP in calculating FFO and MFFO. MFFO has not been scrutinized to the level of other similar non-GAAP performance measures by the SEC or any other regulatory body.
Our calculation of FFO and MFFO is presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
For the Year Ended December 31,
Reconciliation of net income (loss) to MFFO:
Net income (loss)
$
(4,536,136)
$
696,940
Depreciation and amortization
3,011,904
2,247,028
Loss on acquisition
133,521
-
FFO
(1,390,711)
2,943,968
Less noncontrolling interest:
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest
709,531
(593,988)
Depreciation and amortization attributable to noncontrolling interest
(686,839)
(677,319)
FFO attributable to common stockholders
(1,368,019)
1,672,661
Acquisition fees and expenses
535,503
-
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts and premiums as interest
9,009
103,477
Unrealized (gain) loss on interest rate swap
(30,663)
173,204
MFFO attributable to common stockholders
$
(854,170)
$
1,949,342
Related-Party Transactions and Agreements
We have entered into agreements with PHA and its affiliates whereby we pay certain fees to, or reimburse certain expenses of, PHA or its affiliates for acquisition fees and expenses, asset management fees, disposition fees, property management fees, organization and offering costs and reimbursement of certain operating costs. Refer to Note 9 - “Related Party Transactions” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for a discussion of the various related-party transactions, agreements and fees.
Subsequent Events
For a discussion of subsequent events, see Note 13 - “Subsequent Events” to the consolidated financial statements that are a part of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
A smaller reporting company is not required to provide the information required by this Item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Our consolidated financial statements and supplementary data can be found beginning at page of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
There were no changes in or disagreements with our independent registered public accountants during the year ended December 31, 2020.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A.Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to us, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and we necessarily were required to apply our judgment in evaluating whether the benefits of the controls and procedures that we adopt outweigh their costs. As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we conducted an evaluation as of December 31, 2020 under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2020, were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act.
In connection with the preparation of this annual report, our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31 2020. In making that assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework).
Based on its assessment, our management believes that, as of December 31, 2020, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B.Other Information
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10.Directors, Executive Offers and Corporate Governance
Directors
As of the date of this report, our directors, and their ages and positions and offices, are as follows:
Name
Age
Positions
James A. Procaccianti
President, Chief Executive Officer, & Chairman of the Board of Directors
Gregory Vickowski
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Director
Lawrence Aubin
Independent Director
Thomas R. Engel
Independent Director
Ronald S. Ohsberg
Independent Director
James A. Procaccianti has served as our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since August 2016, and is responsible for overall strategic planning, organizational development, new business development, investor relations, franchise relations, and acquisitions. Mr. Procaccianti has served as the president and Chief Executive Officer of our Sponsor, and its predecessors since February 1980. In addition, he has served as a manager of PHA, our advisor, since August 2016 and has served on the advisor’s investment committee since August 2016.
For more than 30 years Mr. Procaccianti has been in the business of acquiring, renovating, and managing investment real estate. Mr. Procaccianti possesses the hands-on experience that can only come from having owned, managed, or developed over 20 million square feet of real estate - billions of dollars of commercial and residential properties.
In the hospitality industry, Mr. Procaccianti has owned, operated, and managed more than 100 hotels. Mr. Procaccianti has developed franchise relationships with top hotel brand families, such as Hyatt, Marriott, Hilton, Starwood, and InterContinental Hotels Group, or IHG. Additionally, he has completed numerous complex acquisitions with national institutional real estate investors, such as GE Pension Trust, Starwood, FelCor, Lend Lease, Host Marriott/Marriott International, Bank of America, and CalPERS, the largest public employee pension fund in the United States.
Mr. Procaccianti is a highly active corporate citizen, serving on multiple executive boards, including the board of trustees for Rhode Island Hospital, the advisory committee for Hasbro Children’s Hospital, and the board of directors for Crossroads RI, Rhode Island’s largest homeless shelter. Additionally, Mr. Procaccianti established the Procaccianti Family Foundation, which provides monetary and in-kind support for dozens of nonprofit organizations.
Providence Business News recently recognized Mr. Procaccianti as one of the top 25 ‘Driving Forces’ for his contributions to the Rhode Island business community for his efforts and success over the past twenty five years.
Mr. Procaccianti was selected to serve as a director and chairman because of his extensive hotel, real estate and capital markets experience, in addition to his leadership role with our Sponsor, all of which are expected to bring valuable insight to the Board.
Mr. Procaccianti attended Bryant University in Smithfield, Rhode Island.
Gregory Vickowski has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since August 2016. He also has served as Chief Financial Officer of our Sponsor, its subsidiaries, and predecessors and TPG since December 2005. In addition, he has served as a manager of our advisor and on its investment committee since August 2016. He is responsible for raising and negotiating equity and debt financing, negotiation of purchase and sale agreements in support of asset acquisitions and dispositions, and participating in hotel management/franchise company selection, contract negotiation, and implementing our investment strategy and asset management for our investment portfolio while also overseeing all areas of accounting and management information systems. He also oversees the management of the Sponsors’ other investment funds, which have assets with a gross value of nearly $1 billion.
Mr. Vickowski joined the predecessor of the Sponsor as Corporate Controller in 1988 and has been instrumental in growing the Sponsor into a nationally recognized hospitality organization. He has more than 25 years of hospitality industry experience encompassing all aspects of hotel investment and ownership. He has sourced direct deals and developed creative partnerships/ownership structures, has been involved in the review of hundreds of real estate investment transactions, and has negotiated contracts with virtually every major hospitality brand. He has developed long-standing relationships with key industry brokers and leading lenders, has completed complex purchase transactions with Met Life, Starwood, Host Marriott, Lend Lease, IHG, Hyatt, Hilton, Lowe Enterprises, FelCor Lodging, and CalPERS, and has completed equity investments with Och-Ziff, CalPERS, Rockpoint, and others.
Prior to joining the Sponsor, Mr. Vickowski worked for a real estate development company where he was responsible for finance and information technology. He also served as a member of the management team at an international architectural firm in corporate finance.
Mr. Vickowski earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth in business administration, a master’s degree from the University of Rhode Island in Kingston, Rhode Island in Business with course concentrations in finance and MIS and a master’s degree in taxation from Bryant University in Smithfield, Rhode Island. He is a member of the Pension Real Estate Association and the Hotel Asset Management Association.
Mr. Vickowski was selected to serve as a director because of his extensive financial and investment expertise and experience in hotel, real estate and capital markets, in addition to his leadership role as Chief Financial Officer with our Sponsor, all of which are expected to bring valuable insight to the Board.
Lawrence Aubin has served as an independent director since August 2016. Mr. Aubin has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Aubin Corporation, a commercial and industrial development firm headquartered in Seekonk, Massachusetts since November 1983. An active corporate and community leader, Mr. Aubin has focused his service on support of organizations that are intrinsic to the regional economy and essential to growth in human capital and quality of life in southeastern New England.
Since October 2014, Mr. Aubin has served as the Chairman of Lifespan Corporation, a Rhode Island-based health network encompassing Rhode Island Hospital and Hasbro Children’s Hospital and three other hospitals (The Miriam Hospital, Newport Hospital, and Bradley Hospital), as well as Gateway Healthcare, the region’s largest behavioral health provider. He previously served as Vice Chairman of the Lifespan Board of Director’s Co-chairman of the combined Board of Trustees of Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Rhode Island Hospital.
At the Board level, Mr. Aubin helped to lead strategic investments and realignments supporting new levels of innovation, effectiveness, and efficiency among Lifespan’s member organizations - including the blending of the unique strengths of two distinguished teaching hospitals, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital. Mr. Aubin has also chaired or served on the Lifespan Development Committee, Finance Committee, and Facilities Committee - helping to transform the Rhode Island Hospital campus through construction of the Bridge Building, the Emergency Department, the Comprehensive Cancer Center, new surgical suites, and a pediatric imaging center, and restoration of the historic Jane Brown Building to create state-of-the-art clinical space.
Mr. Aubin is a member of the Commercial Banking Advisory Board of Citizens Bank, and has contributed his expertise to the boards of several leading regional financial institutions - including Durfee-Attleboro Bank, South Shore Bank, and Bank of Boston - over the past four decades. Since 2009, he has served as a member of the Providence College Business Advisory Council.
Mr. Aubin was selected to serve as a director because of his extensive leadership skills in running large institutional organizations, in addition to his leadership and experience in the real estate industry, all of which are expected to bring valuable insight to the Board.
Thomas R. Engel has served as an independent director since August 2016. Mr. Engel has served as the President of T.R. ENGEL Group, LLC, since May 1998, a Boston-based, entrepreneurial hotel advisory and asset management firm. Mr. Engel is actively engaged as a hotel advisor and asset manager across three continents, working on the toughest and most sophisticated of client lodging assignments. Prior to forming T.R. Engel, Thomas Engel spent eight (8) years as Executive Vice President, Equitable Real Estate Investment Management Inc., (Equitable/AXA) where he founded, then managed its $1.8 billion global Lodging and Leisure Group. Earlier he created/co-founded three lodging brands - Embassy Suites, Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts and Hawthorn Suites by Wyndham hotels. Mr. Engel has also served as a director of Eagle Hospitality Properties Trust (Formerly NYSE: EHP).
Mr. Engel entered the lodging business following an earlier career in brand management at Unilever and Revlon, Inc., New York City. Mr. Engel graduated from the University of St. Thomas and Northwestern University. He is an adjunct professor, Chairman and Advisory Board member in Boston University’s School of Hospitality Administration and a member of the American Hotel & Lodging Associations Investment and Management Committees. Mr. Engel is a veteran of the United States Marine Corps Air Corps.
Mr. Engel was selected to serve as a director because of his extensive experience in the hospitality brands industry, prior board experience and leadership skills in the oversight of hospitality assets, all of which are expected to bring valuable insight to the Board.
Ronald S. Ohsberg has been an independent director since August 2016. Mr. Ohsberg also serves as the Chairman of our audit committee. Mr. Ohsberg has been the Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Washington Trust Bancorp since February 2018, having joined the company as Senior Executive Vice President and Treasurer in June 2017. Washington Trust Bancorp offers a comprehensive range of financial services, including commercial banking, mortgage banking, personal banking, and wealth management and trust services through its offices located in Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts.
Previously, he served as Executive Vice President - Finance of Linear Settlement Services (“Linear”) since July 2016 in Middletown, Rhode Island. Linear provides nationwide title insurance and closing services pertaining to commercial and residential real estate transactions. Prior to joining Linear, Mr. Ohsberg spent
twelve years at Citizens Financial Group (Citizens), a $138 billion Rhode Island-based bank holding company, in various capacities including Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since 2009. In this position he assisted in executing the largest United States commercial bank initial public offering in a series of four equity offerings aggregating $12.3 billion and established Citizens’ Sarbanes-Oxley public-company governance structure and procedures. He was also responsible for all SEC and regulatory reporting and corporate accounting functions as well as a member of various corporate governance committees. Commencing in 2004 through 2009, he was Senior Vice President, Director of Corporate Reporting at Citizens responsible for all aspects of financial reporting to Citizens’ regulators and its parent Company, Royal Bank of Scotland.
Mr. Ohsberg also worked at Bank of America’s predecessor FleetBoston Financial from 1992 to 2004 in various positions culminating as Senior Vice President, Director of Accounting. He was responsible for the monthly accounting closing process and associated analytics of a $200 billion financial institution, in addition to managing the successful corporate-wide implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley procedures. Mr. Ohsberg started his career in the audit department at KPMG, an international audit, tax and advisory firm.
Mr. Ohsberg received Bachelor of Science degrees in Accounting and Finance and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Rhode Island. Mr. Ohsberg is also a Certified Public Accountant.
Mr. Ohsberg was selected to serve as a director because of his extensive financial, accounting and public company reporting and compliance expertise and experience, in addition to his leadership role with Linear, all of which are expected to bring valuable insight to the Board.
Committees of our Board of Directors
Audit Committee
The Board maintains one standing committee, the audit committee, to assist in fulfilling its responsibilities. The audit committee is composed of Messrs. Aubin, Engel and Ohsberg, all three of whom are independent directors. The audit committee reports regularly to the full Board and annually evaluates its performance. The audit committee meets periodically during the year, usually in conjunction with regular meetings of the Board. The audit committee, by approval of at least a majority of the members, selects the independent registered public accounting firm to audit our annual financial statements, reviews with the independent registered public accounting firm the plans and results of the audit engagement, approves the audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm, reviews the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm, considers the range of audit and non-audit fees and reviews the adequacy of our internal accounting controls. Our Board has adopted a charter for the audit committee that sets forth its specific functions and responsibilities. The audit committee charter can be located on our website at www.procaccianti.com by clicking on “Corporate Governance,” and then on “Audit Committee Charter.”
Although our shares are not listed for trading on any national securities exchange, all three members of the audit committee meet the current independence and qualifications requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, as well as our charter and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. While all three members of the audit committee have significant financial and/or accounting experience, the Board has determined that Mr. Ohsberg satisfies the SEC’s requirements for an “audit committee financial expert” and has designated Mr. Ohsberg as our audit committee financial expert.
Compensation Committee
Our Board believes that it is appropriate for our Board not to have a standing compensation committee based upon the fact that our executive officers, including our principal financial officer, and non-independent directors do not receive compensation directly from us for services rendered to us, and we do not intend to pay any compensation directly to our executive officers or non-independent directors.
Nominating Board of Directors - Functions
We believe that our Board is qualified to perform the functions typically delegated to a nominating committee, and that the formation of a separate committee is not necessary at this time. Therefore, all members of our Board develop the criteria necessary for prospective members of our Board and participate in the consideration of director nominees. The primary functions of the members of our Board relating to the consideration of director nominees are to conduct searches and interviews for prospective director candidates, if necessary, review background information for all candidates for the Board, including those recommended by stockholders, and formally propose the slate of director nominees for election by the stockholders at the annual meeting.
Executive Officers
The following individuals currently serve as our executive officers:
James A. Procaccianti, age 62, serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer, is one of our directors, and is a member of our advisor’s investment committee. Mr. Procaccianti is also the President and Chief Executive Officer of our Sponsor and is a manager of our advisor. For more than 30 years, Mr. Procaccianti has been in the business of acquiring, renovating, and managing investment real estate. Mr. Procaccianti has owned, managed, or developed over 20 million square feet of real estate. Within the hospitality industry, Mr. Procaccianti has owned, operated, and managed more than 100 hotels. Through his vision and leadership, Procaccianti Companies has grown to become one of the largest private hotel companies in the country. He has been instrumental in developing franchise relations with top hotel brand families, such as Hyatt, Marriott, Hilton, Starwood, and IHG. He has completed numerous complex acquisitions with national institutional real estate investors, such as GE Pension Trust, Starwood, FelCor, Lend Lease, Host Marriott/Marriott International, Bank of America, and CalPERS, the largest public employee pension fund in the United States.
Gregory Vickowski, age 59, serves as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, is one of our directors, and is a member of our advisor’s investment committee. Mr. Vickowski also serves as Chief Financial Officer for the Sponsor and TPG and is a manager of our advisor. He is responsible for raising and negotiating equity and debt financing; negotiating purchase and sale agreements in support of asset acquisitions and dispositions; participating in hotel management/franchise company selection and contract negotiation; and implementing our investment strategy and asset management function for our investment portfolio, while also overseeing all areas of accounting and management information systems. He further oversees the management of our Sponsor’s other investment funds, which have assets with a gross value of nearly $1 billion. Mr. Vickowski joined Procaccianti Companies in 1988 and has been instrumental in its growth into a nationally recognized hospitality organization. He has more than 25 years of hospitality industry experience encompassing all aspects of hotel investment and ownership. He has sourced direct deals and developed creative partnerships/ownership structures, has been involved in the review of hundreds of real estate investment deals, and has negotiated contracts with virtually every major hospitality brand. He has developed long-standing relationships with key industry brokers and leading lenders and has completed complex
transactions with Met Life, Starwood, Host Marriott, Lend Lease, IHG, Hyatt, Hilton, Lowe Enterprises, FelCor Lodging, and CalPERS and has completed equity investments with Och-Ziff, CalPERS, Rockpoint, and others.
Ron Hadar, age 51, has served as our Secretary and General Counsel since August 2016. Mr. Hadar has also served as our Sponsor’s Assistant General Counsel since August 2015 and became the Sponsor’s and TPG’s General Counsel in January 2016. Mr. Hadar has also served as our advisor’s General Counsel since August 2016. He is responsible for all legal matters with respect to hotel development, acquisitions and divestitures, debt and capital placement, contracting matters, corporate governance, and asset management for the Procaccianti Companies, its subsidiaries, and our advisor.
Mr. Hadar has over 20 years of experience as a transactional business and real estate attorney. Mr. Hadar joined Procaccianti Companies after serving as General Counsel to The Richmond Company, Inc., a real estate development company from June 2005 to June 2015, where he enjoyed a 10-year career overseeing all legal matters with respect to the acquisition, development, and ownership of a variety of commercial and residential real estate assets. Prior to that role, Mr. Hadar was with several national and regional law firms in Boston, Massachusetts, where he focused on capital markets transactions and corporate and real estate matters.
Mr. Hadar received his law degree from The University of Denver, Sturm College of Law in 1995, in Denver, Colorado. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Rochester in 1990, in Rochester, New York. Mr. Hadar is admitted to practice in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and as an In House Attorney with the State of Rhode Island. In addition, has been a lecturer with Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education on various real estate matters and a member of the Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and American Bar Associations.
Our executive officers have stated that there are no arrangements or understandings of any kind between them and any other person relating to their appointments as executive officers.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Under U.S. securities laws, once our shares of common stock are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, directors, executive officers and any persons beneficially owning more than 10% of our outstanding common stock are required to report their initial ownership of the common stock and most changes in that ownership to the SEC. During 2020, our shares of common stock were not registered under the Exchange Act and thus no reports were required to be filed by the persons described above in 2020.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Our Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is applicable to all members of our Board, our officers and employees, and the employees of our advisor. The policy may be located on our website at https://www.prochotelreit.com by clicking on “Corporate Governance,” and then on “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.” If, in the future, we amend, modify or waive a provision in the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, we may, rather than filing a Current Report on Form 8-K, satisfy the disclosure requirement by posting such information on our website as necessary.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11.Executive Compensation
We have no employees. Our executive officers do not receive compensation directly from us for services rendered to us, and we do not intend to pay any compensation directly to our executive officers. As a result, we do not have, and our board of directors has not considered, a compensation policy or program for our executive officers. In addition, our board of directors believes that it is appropriate for our board not to have a standing compensation committee based upon the fact that our executive officers, including our principal financial officer, and non-independent directors do not receive compensation directly from us for services rendered to us, and we do not intend to pay any compensation directly to our executive officers or non-independent directors.
Our executive officers are also officers of our advisor, and its affiliates, including TPG and its affiliates and/or designees, our property manager, and are compensated by these entities, in part, for their services to us. We pay fees to such entities under our Advisory Agreement and our property management and leasing agreement. We also reimburse our advisor for its provision of administrative services, including related personnel costs, subject to certain limitations.
Compensation of Directors
Directors who are also officers or employees of our advisor or their affiliates (Messrs. Procaccianti and Vickowski) do not receive any special or additional remuneration for service on the Board or any of its committees. Each non-employee director receives compensation for service on the Board and any of its committees as provided below:
• an annual retainer of $27,500 (pro-rated for a partial term);
• $1,000 for each board meeting attended in person;
• $500 for each board meeting attended by telephone conference;
• $500 for each audit committee meeting attended in person ($375 for attendance by the chairperson of the audit committee at each meeting of the audit committee);
• $250 for each audit committee meeting attended by telephone conference; and
• in the event that there is a meeting of the Board and one or more committees on a single day, the fees paid to each director will be limited to $1,500 per day.
All directors receive reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of the Board.
Our long-term incentive plan provides each new independent director that joins our Board with 250 restricted K Shares in connection to his or her initial election to the Board. In addition, in connection with an independent director’s re-election to our Board at each annual meeting of stockholders, he or she will receive an additional 250 restricted K Shares. Restricted K Shares issued to independent directors will vest in equal amounts annually over a four-year period on and following the first anniversary of the date of grant in increments of 25% per annum; provided, however, that the restricted K Shares will become fully vested on the earlier to occur of (1) the termination of the independent director’s service as a director due to his or her death or disability, or (2) a change in control of our company.
We have authorized and reserved 5,000,000 K Shares and 1,500,000 A Shares for issuance under our long-term incentive plan. Our long-term incentive plan authorizes the granting of restricted stock, stock options, restricted or deferred stock units, performance awards and other stock-based awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants of ours selected by our Board for participation in our long-term incentive plan. Restricted stock and stock options granted under the long-term incentive plan will not exceed an amount equal to 5% of the outstanding shares of our K Shares and A Shares on the date of grant of any such award. Any stock options granted under the long-term incentive plan will have an exercise price or base price that is not less than fair market value of our K Shares or A Shares on the date of grant.
Director Compensation Table
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our director compensation during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020:
Name
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash
Stock Awards
Option Awards
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation
Change in Pension Value And Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings
All Other Compensation
Total
James A. Procaccianti
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
Gregory Vickowski
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
Lawrence Aubin
$
30,750
$
2,140
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
32,890
Thomas R. Engel
$
30,750
$
2,140
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
32,890
Ronald S. Ohsberg
$
30,750
$
2,140
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
32,890
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
We do not have a standing compensation committee and do not separately compensate our executive officers. Therefore, none of our executive officers participated in any deliberations regarding executive compensation. There are no interlocks or insider participation as to compensation decisions required to be disclosed pursuant to SEC regulations.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, James A. Procaccianti and Gregory Vickowski also served as officers, directors and/or key personnel of our advisor, our property manager, and/or other affiliated entities. As such, they did not receive any separate compensation from us for services as our directors and/or executive officers. For information regarding transactions with such related parties, see Item 13 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans and Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
We adopted the long-term incentive plan, pursuant to which our Board has the authority to grant restricted stock, stock options, restricted or deferred stock units, performance awards and other stock-based awards to persons eligible under the plan. The maximum number of shares of our stock that may be issued pursuant to the long-term incentive plan is not to exceed an amount equal to 5% of the outstanding shares of
our K Shares and A Shares on the date of grant of any such award. The following table provides information regarding the long-term incentive plan as of December 31, 2020:
Plan Category
Number of Securities to Be Issued upon Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
-
-
6,497,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
-
-
Total
-
-
6,497,000
(1) On February 11, 2019, we granted 500 shares of Class K common stock to each of our independent directors. On July 11, 2019 and November 17, 2020, respectively, we granted an additional 250 shares of Class K common stock to each of the three independent directors. The fair value of each share of our Class K common stock that was issued on both February 11, 2019 and July 11, 2019, was estimated at the date of grant at $10.00 per K Share. The fair value of each share of our Class K common stock issued on November 17, 2020, was estimated to be $8.56 per K Share. As of December 31, 2020, we had issued an aggregate of 3,000 shares of Class K common stock to our independent directors in connection with their appointment or re-election to our Board. Restricted share awards vest over a specified period of time or upon attainment of pre-established performance objectives.
The shares described above were not registered under the Securities Act and were issued in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The following table sets forth information as of March 26, 2021 regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock by each person known by us to own 5.0% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock, each of our directors, and each named executive officer, and our directors and executive officers as a group. The percentage of beneficial ownership is calculated based on the outstanding shares of common stock, as of March 26, 2021.
Beneficial Owner
Number of Common Stock Beneficially Owned
Percent of All Common Stock Shares
TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC(1)
554,410
10.55%
Directors and Executive Officers
James A. Procaccianti
(2)
10.55%
Gregory Vickowski
(3)
10.55%
Lawrence Aubin(4)
1,000
*
Thomas R. Engel(4)
1,000
*
Ronald S. Ohsberg(4)
1,000
*
All executive officers and directors as a group (5 persons)
557,410
10.61%
* represents less than 1.0% of the outstanding common stock
(1) TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC is wholly-owned by TPG Hotel REIT Investor Holdings, LLC. As a result, the shares disclosed as beneficially owned by TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC are also included in the aggregate number of shares beneficially owned by each of Mr. Procaccianti and Mr. Vickowski. The address of each of TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC and TPG Hotel REIT Investor Holdings, LLC is 1140 Reservoir Avenue, Cranston, Rhode Island 02920.
(2) Mr. Procaccianti is a managing member of TPG Hotel REIT Investor Holdings, LLC, which is the sole parent of TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC. As a managing member, Mr. Procaccianti possesses dispositive power with respect to the 554,410 shares of common stock owned by TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC, and as such, may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of such shares.
(3) Mr. Vickowski is a managing member of TPG Hotel REIT Investor Holdings, LLC, which is the sole parent of TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC. As a managing member, Mr. Vickowski possesses dispositive power with respect to the 554,410 shares of common stock owned by TPG Hotel REIT Investor, LLC, and as such, may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of such shares.
(4) Independent Director

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Related Party Transactions
Our independent directors have reviewed the material transactions between our affiliates and us during the year ended December 31, 2020. Set forth below is a description of the transactions with affiliates. We believe that we have executed all of the transactions set forth below on terms that are fair and reasonable to the Company and on terms no less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties.
Under SEC rules, a related person transaction is any transaction or any currently proposed transaction in which the Company was or is to be a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. A “related person” is a director, officer,
nominee for director or a more than 5% shareholder since the beginning of our last completed fiscal year, and their immediate family members.
Each of our executive officers is affiliated with our advisor and its affiliates. In addition, each of our executive officers also serves as an officer of our advisor, property manager and/or other affiliated entities.
Substantially all of our business is conducted through our Operating Partnership. We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. We are managed by our advisor, PHA, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. PHA is an affiliate of our Sponsor.
Advisory Agreement
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, PHA oversees our day-to-day operations, including the provision of general ledger accounting, fund accounting, legal services, investor relations, and other administrative services. PHA also oversees the performance of our corporate operations and required administrative services, which includes being responsible for the financial records we are required to maintain and preparing reports to stockholders and reports filed with the SEC. In addition, PHA assists an independent valuation firm and our board of directors in calculating and determining our NAV, and assists us in overseeing the preparation and filing of our tax returns, the payment of our expenses and for the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others.
Organization and offering costs include selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees and any other elements of underwriting compensation, as well as legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees and expenses, due diligence expenses of participating broker-dealers supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of our transfer agent, fees to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers and reimbursements for customary travel, lodging, and meals.
As of December 31, 2020, the total amount of organization and offering costs, exclusive of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees, incurred by PHA and its affiliates related to the Private Offering and the Public Offering was $8,408,151, of which $1,026,564 has been reimbursed through the issuance of A Shares to an affiliate of PHA and payments to PHA of $2,303,745. We may reimburse PHA and its affiliates for organization and offering costs incurred on our behalf, but only to the extent the reimbursement would not cause the selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees and other organization and offering expenses to exceed 15% of the gross offering proceeds of the Public Offering as of the termination of the Public Offering, or the 15% cap. As of December 31, 2020, $3,699,275 is reimbursable to PHA and its affiliates by us in the future, subject to the 15% cap.
We record organization and offering costs as charges against additional paid in capital on the consolidated balance sheets as we raise proceeds in our Public Offering. These amounts represent 15% of the gross offering proceeds of the Private Offering and the Public Offering as of December 31, 2020, the maximum amount allowed to be recognized by us in our financial statements in accordance with the rules established by FINRA. We recognized organization and offering costs of $1,598,938 and $2,817,927 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
We pay to our advisor 1.5% of the gross contract purchase price of each property or asset acquired. The contract purchase price is the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase of an investment, inclusive of acquisition expenses and any indebtedness assumed or incurred. Acquisition fees incurred for the
year ended December 31, 2020 were $441,370 and related to the purchase of the Hilton Garden Inn Providence.
We pay to our advisor an asset management fee calculated on a quarterly basis in an amount equal to 1/4th of 0.75% of the adjusted cost of the Company’s assets and the amounts actually paid or allocated in respect of the acquisition of loans, before reduction for depreciation, amortization, impairment charges, and cumulative acquisition costs charged to expense in accordance with GAAP, or the asset management fee. Asset management fees increased to $538,089 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $352,288 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The $185,801 increase in asset management fees is primarily driven by the fact that we did not own the Hilton Garden Inn Providence during the year ended December 31, 2019. We have deferred all payments of the quarterly asset management fees due to PHA until adequate cash flow is available.
Management Agreement
We entered into management agreements with PHR St Petersburg Hotel Manager, LLC (the “St. Pete Manager”) to operate and manage the St. Pete Hotel and with PHR Wilmington Hotel Manager, LLC (the “Wilmington Manager”) to operate and manage the Wilmington Hotel, including making all human resource decisions. The St. Pete Manager and the Wilmington Manager are affiliates of us. The terms of the agreements are for 4 years beginning June 29, 2017 and May 24, 2017 for the St. Pete Hotel and the Wilmington Hotel, respectively. The employees of the hotels are employed by the St. Pete Manager and the Wilmington manager; however, per the management agreement, all compensation of hotel personnel is to be recorded as a direct operating expense of the hotels.
Aggregate property management fees incurred for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $393,134 and are included in property management fees to affiliates on the consolidated statements of operations.
Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons
In order to reduce or eliminate certain potential conflicts of interest, (A) our charter contains a number of restrictions relating to (1) transactions we enter into with our Sponsor, our directors and our advisor and its affiliates, and (2) certain future offerings, and (B) the Advisory Agreement contains procedures and restrictions relating to the allocation of investment opportunities among entities affiliated with our advisor. These restrictions include, among others, the following:
• We will not purchase or lease properties from our Sponsor, our advisor, any of our directors, or any of their respective affiliates without a determination by a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in such transaction that such transaction is fair and reasonable to us and at a price to us no greater than the cost of the property to the seller or lessor unless there is substantial justification for any amount that exceeds such cost and such excess amount is determined to be reasonable. In no event will we acquire any such property at an amount in excess of its current appraised value. We will not sell or lease properties to our Sponsor, our advisor, any of our directors, or any of their respective affiliates unless a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction, determines that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us.
• We will not make any loans to our Sponsor, our advisor, any of our directors, or any of their respective affiliates, except that we may make or invest in mortgage loans involving our
Sponsor, our advisor, our directors or their respective affiliates, if such mortgage loan is insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency or provided, among other things, that an appraisal of the underlying property is obtained from an independent appraiser and the transaction is approved by a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction as fair and reasonable to us and on terms no less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties. Our Sponsor, our advisor, any of our directors and any of their respective affiliates will not make loans to us or to joint ventures in which we are a joint venture partner unless approved by a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction as fair, competitive and commercially reasonable, and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties.
• Our advisor and its affiliates will be entitled to reimbursement, at cost, at the end of each fiscal quarter for actual expenses incurred by them on behalf of us or joint ventures in which we are a joint venture partner; provided, however, that we will not reimburse our advisor at the end of any fiscal quarter for the amount, if any, by which our total operating expenses, including the advisor asset management fee, paid during the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended exceeded the greater of (i) 2.0% of our average invested assets for such period or (ii) 25.0% of our net income, before any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and before any gain from the sale of our assets, for such period, unless our independent directors determine such excess expenses are justified.
• If an investment opportunity becomes available that is deemed suitable, after our advisor’s and our board of directors’ consideration of pertinent factors, for both us and one or more other entities affiliated with our advisor, and for which more than one of such entities has sufficient uninvested funds, then the entity that has had the longest period of time elapse since it was offered an investment opportunity will first be offered such investment opportunity. In determining whether or not an investment opportunity is suitable for more than one such entity, our advisor and our board of directors shall examine, among others, the following factors:
• which vehicle has available cash (including availability under lines of credit) to acquire an investment;
• concentration and diversification concerns for a vehicle relative to the prospective investment;
• how the investment size, potential leverage, transaction structure and anticipated cash flows affect each vehicle in light of the vehicles targeted returns and cash flow needs;
• whether the estimated transaction timing will be more advantageous (or possible) for a particular vehicle;
• how closely aligned the proposed investment is with a vehicle’s investment objectives; and
• whether the proposed investment conforms to the brand, class and operation parameters of a particular vehicle’s property acquisitions objectives.
If a subsequent development, such as a delay in the closing of the acquisition or construction of a property, causes any such investment, in the opinion of our advisor, to be more appropriate for a program other than the program that committed to make the investment, our advisor may determine that another program affiliated with our advisor or its affiliates will make the investment. Our board of directors, including our independent directors, has a duty to ensure that the method used by our advisor for the allocation of the acquisition of properties by two or more affiliated programs seeking to acquire similar types of properties is reasonable and applied fairly to us.
Director Independence
As required by our Charter, a majority of the members of our Board must qualify as “independent directors” as affirmatively determined by the Board. Our Board consults with our legal counsel and counsel to the independent directors, as applicable, to ensure that our Boards’ determinations are consistent with our charter and applicable securities and other laws and regulations regarding the definition of “independent director.”
Consistent with these considerations, after review of all relevant transactions or relationships between each director, or any of his family members, and the Company, our senior management and our independent registered public accounting firm, the board has determined that Messrs. Aubin, Engel and Ohsberg qualify as independent directors. A copy of our independent director definition, which is contained in our charter and complies with the requirements of the NASAA REIT Guidelines, was attached as an appendix to the proxy statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on April 26, 2019. Although our shares are not listed for trading on any national securities exchange, our independent directors also meet the current independence and qualifications requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Pre-approval Policies
The audit committee’s charter imposes a duty on the audit committee to pre-approve all auditing services performed for us by our independent auditors, as well as all permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) in order to ensure that the provision of such services does not impair the auditors’ independence. Unless a type of service to be provided by the independent auditors has received “general” pre-approval, it will require “specific” pre-approval by the audit committee.
All requests for services to be provided by the independent auditor that do not require specific pre-approval by the audit committee will be submitted to management and must include a detailed description of the services to be rendered. Management will determine whether such services are included within the list of services that have received the general pre-approval of the audit committee. The audit committee will be informed on a timely basis of any such services rendered by the independent auditors.
Requests to provide services that require specific pre-approval by the audit committee will be submitted to the audit committee by both the independent auditors and the principal financial officer, and must include a joint statement as to whether, in their view, the request is consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence. The Chairman of the audit committee has been delegated the authority to specifically pre-approve de minimis amounts for services not covered by the general pre-approval guidelines. All amounts, including a subscription to an accounting research website, require specific pre-approval by the audit committee prior to the engagement of Ernst & Young LLP (“E&Y”). All amounts specifically pre-approved
by the Chairman of the audit committee in accordance with this policy, are to be disclosed to the full audit committee at the next regularly scheduled meeting.
All services rendered by E&Y for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were pre-approved in accordance with the policies and procedures described above.
Audit Fees
E&Y is the independent registered public accounting firm selected by our audit committee for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. E&Y has served as our independent registered public accounting firm since 2016. The audit committee reserves the right, however, to select new auditors at any time in the future in its discretion if it deems such decision to be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. Any such decision would be disclosed to the stockholders in accordance with applicable securities laws. E&Y representatives will be present at the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so. In addition, E&Y representatives will be available to respond to appropriate questions posed by any stockholders.
During the period beginning December 31, 2018 through the most recent fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and through the subsequent interim period, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf consulted with E&Y regarding (1) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; (2) the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s financial statements; or (3) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement or event identified in response to Item 304(a)(1) of Regulation S-K (there being none).
The audit committee reviewed the audit and non-audit services performed by E&Y, as well as the fees charged by E&Y for such services. In its review of the non-audit services and fees, the audit committee considered whether the provision of such services is compatible with maintaining the independence of E&Y. The aggregate fees billed to us for professional accounting services by E&Y for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are respectively set forth in the table below.
Year Ended
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Audit fees
$
418,000
$
490,132
Audit-related fees
-
-
Tax fees
76,950
14,065
All other fees
-
-
Total
$
494,950
$
504,197
For purpose of the preceding table, the professional fees are classified as follows:
• Audit fees - These are fees for professional services performed for the audit of our annual financial statements and the required review of quarterly financial statements and other procedures performed by the independent auditors in order for them to be able to form an opinion on our consolidated financial statements. These fees also cover services that are normally provided by independent auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements and other services that generally only the independent auditor reasonably can provide, such as services associated with filing registration statements, periodic reports and other filings with the SEC, and audits of acquired properties or businesses or statutory audits for our subsidiaries or affiliates.
• Audit-related fees - These are fees for assurance and related services that traditionally are performed by independent auditors, such as due diligence related to acquisitions and dispositions, attestation services that are not required by statute or regulation, statutory subsidiary or equity investment audits incremental to the audit of the consolidated financial statements and general assistance with the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
• Tax fees - These are fees for all professional services performed by professional staff in E&Y’s tax division, except those services related to the audit of our financial statements. These include fees for tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice, including federal, state and local issues. Services may also include assistance with tax audits and appeals before the IRS and similar state and local agencies, as well as federal, state, and local tax issues related to due diligence.
• All other fees - These are fees for other permissible work performed that do not meet the above-described categories, including a subscription to an accounting research website.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)Financial Statements
The list of the consolidated financial statements contained herein is set forth on page hereof.
Financial Statement Schedules
A smaller reporting company is not required to provide the information required by this Item.
(b)Exhibits
The following exhibits are included, or incorporated by reference, in this Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2020 (and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).
Exhibit No.
Description
 3.1
Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) filed May 1, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference).
 3.2
Bylaws of Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) filed May 1, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference).
Third Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.3 to Post-effective Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) filed August 14, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 4.1
Subscription Agreement and Subscription Agreement Signature Page (included as Appendix C to the Company’s Prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) (File No. 333-217578) filed August 15, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 4.2
Distribution Reinvestment Plan (included as Appendix B to the Company’s Prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) (File No. 333-217578) filed August 15, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.1
Dealer Manager Agreement by and among Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P. and S2K Financial LLC, dated as of August 2, 2018 (included as Exhibit 1.1 to Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) filed August 3, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.2  
First Amendment to Dealer Manager Agreement, dated November 16, 2018, by and among Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., S2K Financial LLC, and Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P. (included as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed with the SEC on November 16, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.3  
Second Amendment to Dealer Manager Agreement, dated July 31, 2019, by and among Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., S2K Financial LLC, and Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P. (included as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed with the SEC on August 2, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
Exhibit No.
Description
 10.4  
Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement by and among Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P. and Procaccianti Hotel Advisors, LLC, dated as of August 2, 2018 (included as Exhibit 10.1 to Pre-effective Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) filed August 3, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.5  
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, dated November 16, 2018, by and among Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., Procaccianti Hotel Advisors, LLC, and Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P. (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed with the SEC on November 16, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.6  
Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, dated November 16, 2018, by and among Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., Procaccianti Hotel Advisors, LLC, and Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P. (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed with the SEC on November 22, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.7  
Form of Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. 2016 Restricted Share Plan (included as Exhibit 10.2 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.8  
Agreement of Limited Partnership of Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P., dated August 26, 2016 (included as Exhibit 10.3 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.9  
Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. and each of the following persons: James Procaccianti, Gregory Vickowski, Ron Hadar, Lawrence Aubin, Thomas R. Engel and Ronald S. Ohsberg (included as Exhibit 10.4 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.10 
Limited Liability Company Agreement of Procaccianti Convertible Fund, LLC, dated April 21, 2017 (included as Exhibit 10.5 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.11 
Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between Procaccianti Convertible Fund, LLC and Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. (included as Exhibit 10.6 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.12 
Purchase and Sale Agreement, by and between The Procaccianti Group, LLC and Grand Traverse Hotel Properties, LLC, dated March 8, 2018 (attached as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed on August 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.13 
Promissory Note, dated August 15, 2018, made by Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. in favor of Procaccianti Companies, Inc. (included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed August 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.14 
General Assignment of Purchase and Sale Contract, dated August 15, 2018, by and between The Procaccianti Group, LLC and Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. and its (indirect)
Exhibit No.
Description
subsidiaries PHR TCI OPCO SUB, LLC and PHR TCI, LLC (included as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed August 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.15 
Hotel Management Agreement, dated August 15, 2018, by and between PHR TCI OPCO SUB, LLC, as Owner, and PHR Traverse City Hotel Manager, LLC, as Manager (included as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed August 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.16 
Loan Agreement by and among PHR TCI, LLC, as Borrower, Citizens Bank, National Association, as Lender, the other lenders now or hereafter parties hereto, and Citizens Bank, National Association, as Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Bookrunner, dated as of August 15, 2018 (included as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed August 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.17 
Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, between PHR STPFL, LLC and PHR STPFL OPCO SUB, LLC, jointly and severally as Borrower, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee for the benefit of the registered holders of JPMDB Commercial Mortgage Securities Trust 2017-C7, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2017-C7, as Lender (included as Exhibit 10.12 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.18 
Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, between PHR WNC, LLC and PHR WNC OPCO SUB, LLC, jointly and severally, as Borrower and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee for the benefit of the holders of DBJPM 2017-C6 Mortgage Trust Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2017-C6, as Lender (included as Exhibit 10.13 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.19 
Management Agreement between PHR WNC OPCO SUB, LLC, as Owner, and PHR Wilmington Hotel Manager, LLC, as Manager, dated as of March 29, 2018 (included as Exhibit 10.14 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.20 
Management Agreement between PHR STPFL OPCO SUB, LLC, as Owner, and PHR St. Petersburg Hotel Manager, LLC, as Manager, dated as of March 29, 2018 (included as Exhibit 10.15 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.21 
Assignment of Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2020, by and between The Procaccianti Group, LLC, as assignor, and Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P., as assignee (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.22 
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 14, 2020, by, between and among TPG DP JV, LLC, ETJ Gano Holdings, Inc., PRJA Gano Holdings, LLC, and EHI Gano Holdings, Inc., as Sellers, and the Procaccianti Group, LLC, as Purchaser (included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.23 
First Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2020, by, between and among TPG DP JV, LLC, ETJ Gano Holdings, Inc., PRJA Gano
Exhibit No.
Description
Holdings, LLC, and EHI Gano Holdings, Inc., as Sellers, and the Procaccianti Group, LLC, as Purchaser (included as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.24 
Second Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 20, 2020, by, between and among TPG DP JV, LLC, ETJ Gano Holdings, Inc., PRJA Gano Holdings, LLC, and EHI Gano Holdings, Inc., as Sellers, and the Procaccianti Group, LLC, as Purchaser (included as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.25 
Third Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2020, by and between TPG DP JV, LLC, ETJ Gano Holdings, Inc., PRJA Gano Holdings, LLC, EHI Gano Holdings, Inc. and TPG DP Investors, Inc., as Sellers, and the Procaccianti Group, LLC, as Purchaser (included as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.26 
Omnibus Amendment, Assignment, Assumption, Release and Reaffirmation Agreement, made as of February 27, 2020, between and among Gano Holdings, LLC, as Borrower, Hotel Manager Gano Opco Sub, LLC, Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc., and James A. Procaccianti, and East Boston Savings Bank (included as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.27 
Amended and Restated Commercial Real Estate Promissory Note, as of February 27, 2020, made by Gano Holdings, LLC and payable to East Boston Savings bank (included as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.28 
Collateral Assignment and Security Agreement in respect of Contracts, Licenses and Permits, effective as of February 27, 2020, by and between Gano Holdings, LLC, and East Boston Savings Bank (included as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.29 
Collateral Assignment and Security Agreement in respect of Contracts, Licenses and Permits, effective as of February 27, 2020, by and between Hotel Manager Gano Opco Sub, LLC and Gano Holdings, LLC (included as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.30 
Third Amendment to (i) Open-End Mortgage, Security Agreement and Assignment to Secure Present and Future Loans Under Chapter 25 of Title 34 of the General Laws of the State of Rhode Island and (ii) Assignment of Borrower’s Interests in Leases, Rents and Profits granted to East Boston Savings Bank, as Mortgagee, by Gano Holdings, LLC, as Mortgagor (included as Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.31 
Hotel Lease between Gano Holdings, LLC, as Landlord, and PHR Gano Opco Sub, LLC, as Tenant, dated February 27, 2020 (included as Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.32 
Hotel Management Agreement between PHR Gano Opco Sub, LLC and Gano Hotel Manager, LLC, made as of February 27, 2020 (included as Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
Exhibit No.
Description
 10.33 
Tri-Party Agreement by Gano Holdings, LLC, as Owner, PHR Gano Opco Sub, LLC, as Tenant, Gano Hotel Manager, LLC, as Operator and East Boston Savings Bank, as Lender (included as Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 10.34 
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Procaccianti Hotel REIT, L.P., dated as of February 27, 2020 (included as Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed March 3, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.35
First Amendment to Loan Agreement and Other Loan Documents, by and among PHR TCI, LLC, Citizens Bank, N.A. and other lenders who are now or who hereafter become parties to the Loan Agreement, dated April 21, 2020 (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed April 23, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.36
Swap Modification Agreement, entered into by Citizens Bank, N.A. and PHR TCI, LLC, dated April 21, 2020 (included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed April 23, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.37
Omnibus Amendment and Reaffirmation Agreement between and among Gano Holdings, LLC, Procaccianti Hotel REIT, Inc. and East Boston Savings Bank, dated as of April 23, 2020 (included as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578) filed April 23, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
 21.1  
List of Subsidiaries (included as Exhibit 21.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-217578) and incorporated herein by reference).
 31.1* 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 31.2* 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 32.1**
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1
Consent of Robert A. Stanger & Co., Inc. (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-217578), on June 11, 2020, and incorporated by reference herein).
 101.INS*
XBRL Instance Document.
 101.SCH*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
 101.CAL*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 101.LAB*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
 101.PRE*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 101.DEF*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*
Filed herewith.
**
Furnished herewith. In accordance with Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise
subject to the liabilities of that section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.