EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1425292
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1425292_10-K_2021_0001425292-21-000007.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Overview
CVR Partners, LP (referred to as “CVR Partners” or the “Partnership”) is a Delaware limited partnership formed in 2011 by CVR Energy, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, but excluding the Partnership and its subsidiaries, “CVR Energy”) to own, operate and grow its nitrogen fertilizer business. The Partnership produces nitrogen fertilizer products at two manufacturing facilities, which are located in Coffeyville, Kansas (the “Coffeyville Facility”) and East Dubuque, Illinois (the “East Dubuque Facility”). Both facilities manufacture ammonia and are able to further upgrade to other nitrogen fertilizer products, principally urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”). Nitrogen fertilizer is used by farmers to improve the yield and quality of their crops, primarily corn and wheat. The Partnership’s products are sold on a wholesale basis in the United States of America. As used in these financial statements, references to CVR Partners, the Partnership, “we”, “us”, and “our” may refer to consolidated subsidiaries of CVR Partners or one or both of the facilities, as the context may require.
Organizational Structure and Related Ownership
The following chart illustrates the organizational structure of the Partnership as of December 31, 2020.
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Facilities
Coffeyville Facility - We own and operate a nitrogen fertilizer production facility in Coffeyville, Kansas that includes a gasifier complex having a capacity of 89 million standard cubic feet per day of hydrogen, a 1,300 ton per day capacity ammonia unit and a 3,000 ton per day capacity UAN unit. The Coffeyville Facility is the only nitrogen fertilizer plant in North America that utilizes a pet coke gasification process to produce nitrogen fertilizer. The Coffeyville Facility’s largest raw material used in the production of ammonia is pet coke, which it purchases from CVR Energy and third parties. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Partnership purchased approximately $18.4 million, $20.0 million, and $13.2 million, respectively, of pet coke, which equaled an average cost per ton of $35.25, $37.47, and $28.41, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, we upgraded approximately 87%, 90%, and 93%, respectively, of our ammonia production into UAN, a product that typically generates greater profit per ton than ammonia, however, this did not hold true for 2020 due to market conditions. We upgrade substantially all of our ammonia production at the Coffeyville Facility into UAN and expect to continue to do so when the economics are favorable.
East Dubuque Facility - We own and operate a nitrogen fertilizer production facility in East Dubuque, Illinois that includes a 1,075 ton per day capacity ammonia unit and a 1,100 ton per day capacity UAN unit. The East Dubuque Facility has the flexibility to vary its product mix enabling it to upgrade a portion of its ammonia production into varying amounts of UAN, nitric acid, and liquid and granulated urea, depending on market demand, pricing, and storage availability. The East Dubuque Facility’s largest raw material cost used in the production of ammonia is natural gas, which it purchases from third parties. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the East Dubuque Facility incurred approximately $22.0 million, $21.5 million, and $22.5 million for feedstock natural gas, respectively, which equaled an average cost of $2.35, $3.08, and $3.15 per MMBtu, respectively.
Commodities
The nitrogen products we produce are globally traded commodities and are subject to price competition. The customers for our products make their purchasing decisions principally on the basis of delivered price and, to a lesser extent, on customer service and product quality. The selling prices of our products fluctuate in response to global market conditions and changes in supply and demand.
Agriculture
The three primary forms of nitrogen fertilizer used in the United States of America are ammonia, urea, and UAN. Unlike ammonia and urea, UAN can be applied throughout the growing season and can be applied in tandem with pesticides and herbicides, providing farmers with flexibility and cost savings. As a result of these factors, UAN typically commands a premium price to urea and ammonia, on a nitrogen equivalent basis. However, during 2020, UAN commanded a discount price to urea and premium to ammonia, on a nitrogen equivalent basis.
Nutrients are depleted in soil over time and, therefore, must be replenished through fertilizer use. Nitrogen is the most quickly depleted nutrient and must be replenished every year, whereas phosphate and potassium can be retained in soil for up to three years. Plants require nitrogen in the largest amounts, and it accounts for approximately 59% of primary fertilizer consumption on a nutrient ton basis, per the International Fertilizer Industry Association (“IFIA”).
Demand
Global demand for fertilizers is driven primarily by grain demand and prices, which, in turn, are driven by population growth, farmland per capita, dietary changes in the developing world, and increased consumption of bio-fuels. According to the IFIA, from 1976 to 2018, global fertilizer demand grew 2% annually. Global fertilizer use, consisting of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, is projected to increase by 1% through 2023 to meet global food demand according to a study funded by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Currently, the developed world uses fertilizer more intensively than the developing world, but sustained economic growth in emerging markets is increasing food demand and fertilizer use. In addition, populations in developing countries are shifting to more protein-rich diets as their incomes increase, with such consumption requiring more grain for animal feed. As an example, China’s wheat and coarse grains production is estimated to have increased 35% between 2011 and 2021, but still failed to keep pace with increases in demand, prompting China to grow its wheat and coarse grain imports by more than 1,038% over the same period, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”).
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The United States is the world’s largest exporter of coarse grains, accounting for 32% of world exports and 26% of world production for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, according to the USDA. A substantial amount of nitrogen is consumed in production of these crops to increase yield. Based on Fertecon Limited’s (“Fertecon”) 2020 estimates, the United States is the world’s third largest consumer of nitrogen fertilizer and the world’s largest importer of nitrogen fertilizer. Fertecon is a reputable agency which provides market information and analysis on fertilizers and fertilizer raw materials for fertilizer and related industries, as well as international agencies. Fertecon estimates indicate that the United States represented 11% of total global nitrogen fertilizer consumption for 2020, with China and India as the top consumers representing 22% and 17% of total global nitrogen fertilizer consumption, respectively.
North American nitrogen fertilizer producers predominantly use natural gas as their primary feedstock. Over the last five years, U.S. oil and natural gas reserves have increased significantly due to, among other factors, advances in extracting shale oil and gas, as well as relatively high oil and gas prices. More recently, global demand has slowed with production staying steady even as oil and gas prices have declined substantially over the past two years. This has led to significantly reduced natural gas and oil prices as compared to historical prices. As a result, North America has become a low-cost region for nitrogen fertilizer production.
Raw Material Supply
Coffeyville Facility - During the past five years, just under 60% of the Coffeyville Facility’s pet coke requirements on average were supplied by CVR Energy’s adjacent Coffeyville, Kansas refinery pursuant to a multi-year agreement. Historically, our Coffeyville Facility has obtained the remainder of its pet coke requirements through third-party contracts typically priced at a discount to the spot market. In 2020, our supply of pet coke from the Coffeyville refinery declined to approximately 33%, generally attributable to increased processing of shale crude oil, which reduced the amount of pet coke produced by the refinery and increased the amount of third-party purchases made at spot prices. With increased reliance on third-party pet coke, we have contracts with multiple third-party refineries to purchase approximately 275,000 tons of pet coke at a fixed price for delivery at different dates through December 2021, which could be delivered primarily by truck, railcar or barge.
Additionally, our Coffeyville Facility relies on a third-party air separation plant at its location that provides contract volumes of oxygen, nitrogen, and compressed dry air to the Coffeyville Facility gasifiers. The reliability of the air separation plant can have a significant impact on our Coffeyville Facility operations. In 2020, to mitigate future impacts, we executed a new product supply agreement that provides for a consistent volume of oxygen that will be maintained within tanks provided by the on-site vendor. Should the oxygen volume fall below a specified level, the on-site vendor will provide excess oxygen through its own mechanism or through third party purchases.
East Dubuque Facility - Our East Dubuque Facility uses natural gas to produce nitrogen fertilizer. Our East Dubuque Facility is generally able to purchase natural gas at competitive prices due to its connection to the Northern Natural Gas interstate pipeline system, which is within one mile of the facility, and a third-party owned and operated pipeline. The pipelines are connected to a third-party distribution system at the Chicago Citygate receipt point and at the Hampshire interconnect from which natural gas is transported to our East Dubuque Facility. As of December 31, 2020, we had commitments to purchase approximately 0.6 million MMBtus of natural gas supply for planned use in our East Dubuque Facility for each of January and February of 2021 at a weighted average rate per MMBtu of approximately $2.60 and $2.52, respectively, exclusive of transportation cost.
Marketing and Distribution
We primarily market UAN products to agricultural customers and ammonia products to agricultural and industrial customers. UAN and ammonia, including freight, accounted for approximately 65% and 28%, respectively, of total net sales for the year ended December 31, 2020.
UAN and ammonia are primarily distributed by truck or railcar. If delivered by truck, products are most commonly sold on a free-on-board (“FOB”) shipping point basis, and freight is normally arranged by the customer. We operate a fleet of railcars for use in product delivery. If delivered by railcar, products are most commonly sold on a FOB destination point basis, and we typically arrange the freight.
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The nitrogen fertilizer products leave our Coffeyville Facility either in railcars for destinations located principally on the Union Pacific or Burlington Northern Santa Fe railroads or in trucks for direct shipment to customers. Our East Dubuque Facility primarily sells product to customers located within 200 miles of the facility. In most instances, customers take delivery of nitrogen products at our East Dubuque Facility and arrange to transport them to their final destinations by truck. Additionally, our East Dubuque Facility has direct access to a barge dock on the Mississippi River, as well as a nearby rail spur serviced by the Canadian National Railway Company, both of which are used from time to time to sell and distribute its products.
Customers
Retailers and distributors are the main customers for UAN and, more broadly, the industrial and agricultural sectors are the primary recipients of our ammonia products. Given the nature of our business, and consistent with industry practice, we sell our products on a wholesale basis under a contract or by purchase order. Contracts with customers generally contain fixed pricing and most have terms of less than one year. Some of our industrial sales include long-term purchase contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our top two customers in the aggregate represented 26% of net sales.
Competition
Nitrogen fertilizer production is a global market with competitors in every region of the world. The industry is dominated by price considerations which are driven by raw material and transportation costs, currency fluctuations and trade barriers. Our business has experienced and expects to continue to experience significant levels of competition from domestic and foreign nitrogen fertilizer producers, many of whom have significantly greater financial and other resources. In the United States during the spring and fall fertilizer application periods, farming activities intensify and geographic proximity to these activities is also a significant competitive advantage for domestic producers. We manage our manufacturing and distribution operations to best serve our customers during these critical periods.
Subject to location and other considerations our major competitors generally include CF Industries Holdings, Inc., including its majority owned subsidiary Terra Nitrogen Company, L.P.; LSB Industries, Inc.; Koch Fertilizer Company, LLC; and Nutrien Ltd. (formerly known as Agrium, Inc. and Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan, Inc.). Domestic competition is intense due to customers’ sophisticated buying tendencies and competitor strategies that focus on cost and service. We also encounter competition from producers of fertilizer products manufactured in foreign countries, including the threat of increased production capacity. In certain cases, foreign producers of fertilizer who export to the United States may be subsidized by their respective governments.
Seasonality
Because we primarily sell agricultural commodity products, our business is exposed to seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products in the agricultural industry. In addition, the demand for fertilizers is affected by the aggregate crop planting decisions and fertilizer application rate decisions of individual farmers who make planting decisions based largely on the prospective profitability of a harvest. The specific varieties and amounts of fertilizer they apply depend on factors like crop prices, farmers’ current liquidity, soil conditions, weather patterns, and the types of crops planted. We typically experience higher net sales in the first half of the calendar year, which is referred to as the planting season, and net sales tend to be lower during the second half of each calendar year, which is referred to as the fill season.
Environmental Matters
Our business is subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state, and local environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations governing the emission and release of hazardous substances into the environment, the transportation, storage, and disposal of waste, the treatment and discharge of wastewater and stormwater, and the storage, handling, use, and transportation of our nitrogen fertilizer products. These laws and regulations and the enforcement thereof impact us by imposing:
•restrictions on operations or the need to install enhanced or additional controls;
•liability for the investigation and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater at current and former facilities (if any) and for off-site waste disposal locations; and
•specifications for the products we market, primarily UAN and ammonia.
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Our operations require numerous permits, licenses, and authorizations. Failure to comply with these permits or environmental laws and regulations could result in fines, penalties, or other sanctions or a revocation of our permits. In addition, the laws and regulations to which we are subject are often evolving and many of them have or could become more stringent or have become subject to more stringent interpretation or enforcement by federal or state agencies. These laws and regulations could result in increased capital, operating, and compliance costs.
The Federal Clean Air Act (“CAA”)
The CAA and its implementing regulations, as well as corresponding state laws and regulations governing air emissions, affect us both directly and indirectly. Direct impacts may occur through the CAA’s permitting requirements and/or emission control requirements relating to specific air pollutants, as well as the requirement to maintain a risk management program to help prevent accidental releases of certain regulated substances. The CAA affects the Partnership by extensively regulating the air emissions of sulfur dioxide (“SO2”), volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and other substances, including those emitted by mobile sources, which are direct or indirect users of our products. Some or all of the regulations promulgated pursuant to the CAA, or any future promulgations of regulations, may require the installation of controls or changes to our nitrogen fertilizer facilities (collectively referred to as the “Facilities”) to maintain compliance. If new controls or changes to operations are needed, the costs could be material.
The regulation of air emissions under the CAA requires that we obtain various construction and operating permits and incur capital expenditures for the installation of certain air pollution control devices at our operations. Various standards and programs specific to our operations have been implemented, such as the National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants, the New Source Performance Standards, and the New Source Review.
The EPA regulates GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act. In October 2009, the EPA finalized a rule requiring certain large emitters of GHGs to inventory and report their GHG emissions to the EPA. In accordance with the rule, our Facilities monitor and report our GHG emissions to the EPA. In May 2010, the EPA finalized the “Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule,” which established GHG emissions thresholds that determine when stationary sources, such as the nitrogen fertilizer plants, must obtain permits under Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) and Title V programs of the CAA. Under the rule, facilities already subject to the PSD and Title V programs that increase their emissions of GHGs by a significant amount are required to undergo PSD review and to evaluate and implement air pollution control technology, known as “best available control technology,” to reduce GHG emissions.
The Biden Administration has signaled that it will take steps to address climate change. On January 27, 2021, the White House issued its Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, as well as a formal notification re-accepting entry of the United States into the Paris Agreement.
The EPA’s approach to regulating GHG emissions may change again under future administrations. Therefore, the impact on our Facilities due to future GHG regulation is unknown.
Recent Greenhouse Gas Footprint Reduction Efforts
In October 2020, the Partnership announced that it generated its first carbon offset credits from voluntary nitrous oxide abatement at its Coffeyville Facility. The Partnership has similar nitrous oxide abatement efforts at its East Dubuque Facility. According to the EPA, nitrous oxide represents approximately 7% of carbon dioxide-equivalent (“CO2e”) emissions in the United States.
The Partnership previously entered into a Joint Development Agreement with ClimeCo, a pioneer in the development of emission-reduction projects for nitric acid plants, to jointly design, install and operate a tertiary abatement system at one of its nitric acid plants in Coffeyville. The system was designed to abate 94% of all N2O in the unit while preventing the release of approximately 450,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent on an annualized basis. The N2O abatement systems at the East Dubuque Facility’s two nitric acid plants have abated, on average, the annual release of approximately 233,000 metric tons of CO2e during the past five years.
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CVR Partners’ N2O abatement projects are registered with the Climate Action Reserve (the “Reserve”), a carbon offset registry for the North American market. The Reserve employs high-quality standards and an independent third-party verification process to issue its carbon credits, known as Climate Reserve Tonnes.
The Partnership also sequesters carbon dioxide that is not utilized for urea production at its Coffeyville Facility by capturing and purifying the CO2 as part of its manufacturing process and then transferred to its partner, Perdure Petroleum LLC, that compresses and ships the CO2 for sequestration through Enhanced Oil Recovery (“EOR”). In January 2021, the Internal Revenue Service published final regulations under Section 45Q which provides tax credits to encourage CO2 sequestration. We believe that our process for CO2 sequestration would qualify for tax credits under Section 45Q and intend to pursue a claim of those credits starting in 2021.
Combining our nitrous oxide abatement and CO2 sequestration activities reduces our CO2e footprint by over 1 million metric tons per year. In addition, our Coffeyville Facility is uniquely qualified to produce hydrogen and ammonia that could be certified ‘blue’ to a market that is increasingly demanding reduced carbon footprints. These greenhouse gas footprint reduction efforts support our core Values of Environment and Continuous Improvement, and our goal of continuing to produce nitrogen fertilizers that feed the world’s growing population in the most environmentally responsible way possible.
The Federal Clean Water Act (“CWA”)
The CWA and its implementing regulations, as well as the corresponding state laws and regulations that govern the discharge of pollutants into the water, affect the Partnership. The CWA’s permitting requirements establish discharge limitations that may be based on technology standards, water quality standards, and restrictions on the total maximum daily load of pollutants allowed to enter a particular water body based on its use. In January 2021, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) announced that it is undertaking a plan to review, and update effluent standards for many industries. EPA is prioritizing those sectors that are ranked high in point source categories for total nitrogen discharges, including fertilizer manufacturers. The EPA’s review eventually could result in different regulations governing the Partnership. In addition, water resources are becoming and in the future may become more scarce. The Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility has contracts in place to receive water during certain water shortage conditions, but these conditions could change over time depending on the scarcity of water.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (“EPCRA”)
The release of hazardous substances or extremely hazardous substances into the environment is subject to release reporting requirements under federal and state environmental laws. Our Facilities also periodically experience releases of hazardous and extremely hazardous substances from their equipment. From time to time, the EPA has conducted inspections and issued information requests to us with respect to our compliance with reporting requirements under the CERCLA and EPCRA. If we fail to timely or properly report a release, or if a release violates the law or our permits, we could become the subject of a governmental enforcement action or third-party claims. Government enforcement or third-party claims relating to releases of hazardous or extremely hazardous substances could result in significant expenditures and liability.
Environmental Remediation
As is the case with all companies engaged in similar industries, we face potential exposure from future claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters, including soil and water contamination and personal injury or property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances that we manufactured, handled, used, stored, transported, spilled, disposed of, or released. There is no assurance that we will not become involved in future proceedings related to the release of hazardous or extremely hazardous substances for which we have potential liability or that, if we were held responsible for damages in any existing or future proceedings, such costs would be covered by insurance or would not be material.
Environmental Insurance
We are covered by CVR Energy’s site pollution legal liability insurance policy, which includes business interruption coverage. The policy insures any location owned, leased, rented, or operated by the Partnership, including our Facilities. The policy insures certain pollution conditions at, or migrating from, a covered location, certain waste transportation and disposal activities, and business interruption.
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In addition to the site pollution legal liability insurance policy, we maintain umbrella and excess casualty insurance polices which include sudden and accidental pollution coverage policies maintained by CVR Energy. This insurance provides coverage due to named perils for claims involving pollutants where the discharge is sudden and accidental and first commences at a specific day and time during the policy period.
The site pollution legal liability policy and the pollution coverage provided in the casualty insurance policies are subject to retentions and deductibles and contain discovery requirements, reporting requirements, exclusions, definitions, conditions, and limitations that could apply to a particular pollution claim, and there can be no assurance such claim will be adequately insured for all potential damages.
Health, Safety, and Security Matters
We are subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations related to safety, including the Occupational Safety and Health Act (“OSHA”) and comparable state statutes, the purposes of which are to protect the health and safety of workers. We also are subject to OSHA Process Safety Management regulations, which are designed to prevent or minimize the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals.
Our Facilities are subject to the Chemical Facility Anti-terrorism Standards (“CFATS”), a regulatory program designed to ensure facilities have security measures in place to reduce the risk that certain hazardous chemicals are weaponized by terrorists. In addition, the East Dubuque Facility is regulated under the Maritime Transportation Security Act.
We operate a comprehensive safety, health, and security program, with participation by employees, consultants, and advisors at all levels of the organization. We have developed comprehensive safety programs aimed at preventing OSHA recordable incidents. Despite our efforts to achieve excellence in our safety and health performance, there can be no assurances that there will not be accidents resulting in injuries or even fatalities. We routinely audit our programs and seek to continually improve our management systems.
Human Capital
As of December 31, 2020, we had 287 employees across both Facilities and related marketing and logistics operations, all of which are located in the U.S. Of these, 94 employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements with various labor unions. We may leverage independent contractors, workers to provide flexibility for our business and operating needs. We also rely on the services of employees of CVR Energy and its subsidiaries pursuant to a services agreement between us, CVR Energy, and our general partner. We believe that our future success largely depends upon our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees. We are committed to wages and benefits that are competitive with a market-based, pay for performance compensation philosophy.
Our core Values define the way we do business every day. We put safety first, care for our environment, require high business ethics and integrity consistent with our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, and are proud members of and good neighbors to the communities where we operate. We believe in continuous improvement for individuals to achieve their maximum potential through teamwork, diversity and personal development. Our employees provide the energy behind our core Values to achieve excellence for all our key stakeholders - employees, communities and unitholders. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” in Part II, Item 7 for further discussion on our core Values.
We are an equal opportunity employer and are committed to maintaining a diverse and inclusive work environment free from harassment and discrimination regardless of race, religion, color, age, gender, disability, minority, sexual orientation or any other protected class. Our commitment to diversity and inclusion helps us attract and retain the best talent, enables employees to realize their full potential, and drives high performance through innovation and collaboration.
We have an unwavering commitment to providing as safe and healthy workplace as possible for all employees. We accomplish this through strict compliance with applicable laws and regulations regarding workplace safety, and maintaining robust training and emergency and disaster recovery plans.
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Available Information
Our website address is www.CVRPartners.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge through our website under “Investor Relations,” as soon as reasonably practicable after the electronic filing or furnishing of these reports is made with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) at www.sec.gov. In addition, our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Codes of Ethics and Business Conduct, and the charter of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Environmental, Health, and Safety Committee of the Board of Directors of our general partner are available on our website. These guidelines, policies, and charters are also available in print without charge to any unitholder requesting them. We do not intend for information contained in our website to be part of this Report.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risks should be considered together with the other information contained in this Report and all of the information set forth in our filings with the SEC. If any of the following risks or uncertainties develops into actual events, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. References to CVR Partners, the Partnership, “we”, “us”, and “our” may refer to consolidated subsidiaries of CVR Partners or one or both of the facilities, as the context may require.
Risks Related to Our Business
The COVID-19 pandemic, and actions taken in response thereto, could materially adversely affect our business, operations, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic and actions of governments and others in response thereto is negatively impacting worldwide economic and commercial activity and financial markets. The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in significant business and operational disruptions, including closures, supply chain disruptions, travel restrictions, stay-at-home orders, and limitations on the availability and effectiveness of the workforce. Further, if general economic conditions continue to remain uncertain for an extended period of time, our liquidity and ability to repay our outstanding debt may be harmed. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown and is rapidly evolving. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts our business and operations, including the availability and pricing of feedstocks, will depend on the severity, location, and duration of the effects and spread of COVID-19, the actions undertaken by national, regional, and local governments and health officials to contain such virus or remedy its effects, and if, how quickly and to what extent economic conditions recover and normal business and operating conditions resume.
Our business is, and nitrogen fertilizer prices are, cyclical and highly volatile, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Demand for nitrogen fertilizer products is dependent on fluctuating demand for crop nutrients by the global agricultural industry. These fluctuations historically have had and could in the future have significant effects on prices across all nitrogen fertilizer products and, in turn, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Nitrogen fertilizer products are commodities, the price of which can be highly volatile. The prices of nitrogen fertilizer products depend on a number of factors, including general economic conditions, cyclical trends in end-user markets, supply and demand imbalances, governmental policies, and weather conditions, which have a greater relevance because of the seasonal nature of fertilizer application. If seasonal demand exceeds the projections on which we base our production levels, customers may acquire nitrogen fertilizer products from competitors, and our profitability may be negatively impacted. If seasonal demand is less than expected, we may be left with excess inventory that will have to be stored or liquidated. The international market for nitrogen fertilizers is influenced by such factors as the relative value of the U.S. dollar and its impact upon the cost of importing nitrogen fertilizers, foreign agricultural policies, the existence of, or changes in, import or foreign currency exchange barriers in certain foreign markets, changes in the hard currency demands of certain countries and other regulatory policies of foreign governments, as well as the laws and policies of the U.S. affecting foreign trade and investment. Supply is affected by available capacity and operating rates, raw material costs, government policies and global trade. A decrease in nitrogen fertilizer prices would have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow and ability to make distributions.
Nitrogen fertilizer products and our business face intense competition.
Our business is subject to intense price competition from both U.S. and foreign sources. With little or no product differentiation, customers make their purchasing decisions principally on the basis of delivered price and availability of the product. Increased global supply or decreases in transportation costs for foreign sources of fertilizer may put downward pressure on fertilizer prices. We compete with a number of U.S. producers and producers in other countries, including state-owned and government-subsidized entities that may have greater total resources and are less dependent on earnings from fertilizer sales, which make them less vulnerable to industry downturns and better positioned to pursue new expansion and development opportunities. An inability to compete successfully could result in a loss of customers, which could adversely affect our sales, profitability and cash flows and, therefore, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
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Our business is geographically concentrated and is therefore subject to regional economic downturns and seasonal variations, which may affect our production levels, transportation costs and inventory and working capital levels.
Our sales to agricultural customers are concentrated in the Great Plains and Midwest states, and nitrogen fertilizer demand is seasonal. Our quarterly results may vary significantly from one year to the next due largely to weather-related shifts in planting schedules and purchase patterns. Because we build inventory during low demand periods, the accumulation of inventory to be available for seasonal sales creates significant seasonal working capital and storage capacity requirements. The degree of seasonality can change significantly from year-to-year due to conditions in the agricultural industry and other factors. As a consequence of this seasonality, distributions of available cash, if any, may be volatile and may vary quarterly and annually.
Our sales volumes depend on significant customers, and the loss of several significant customers may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We have a significant concentration of customers. Our two largest customers represented approximately 26% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2020. Given the nature of our business, and consistent with industry practice, we do not have long-term minimum purchase contracts with our customers. The loss of several of these significant customers, or a significant reduction in purchase volume by several of them, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Any decline in U.S. agricultural production or limitations on the use of nitrogen fertilizer for agricultural purposes could have a material adverse effect on the sales of nitrogen fertilizer, and on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Conditions in the U.S. agricultural industry significantly impact our operating results. The U.S. agricultural industry can be affected by a number of factors, including weather patterns and field conditions, current and projected grain inventories and prices, domestic and international population changes, demand for U.S. agricultural products, U.S., state and foreign policies regarding trade in agricultural products, and changes in governmental regulations and incentives for corn-based ethanol production that could affect future ethanol demand and production.
State and federal governmental policies, including farm and biofuel subsidies and commodity support programs, as well as the prices of fertilizer products, may also directly or indirectly influence the number of acres planted, the mix of crops planted and the use of fertilizers for particular agricultural applications. Developments in crop technology could also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and adversely affect the demand for nitrogen fertilizer. Unfavorable state and federal governmental policies could negatively affect nitrogen fertilizer prices and therefore have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We are subject to cybersecurity risks and other cyber incidents resulting in disruption to our business.
We depend on internal and third-party information technology systems to manage and support our operations, and we collect, process, and retain sensitive and confidential customer information in the normal course of business. Despite the security measures we have in place and any additional measures we may implement in the future, our facilities and these systems could be vulnerable to security breaches, computer viruses, lost or misplaced data, programming errors, human errors, acts of vandalism, or other events. Any disruption of these systems or security breach or event resulting in the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, whether by us directly or our third-party service providers, could damage our reputation, expose us to the risks of litigation and liability, disrupt our business, or otherwise affect our results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Plant Operations
Failure by CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery to continue to supply us with pet coke could negatively impact our results of operations.
Unlike our competitors, whose primary costs are related to the purchase of natural gas and whose costs are therefore largely variable, our Coffeyville Facility uses a pet coke gasification process to produce nitrogen fertilizer. Our profitability is directly affected by the price and availability of pet coke obtained from CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery pursuant to a long-term agreement. Our Coffeyville Facility has obtained the majority of its pet coke from CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery over the past five years, although this percentage has decreased to 33% in 2020. However, should CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery
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fail to perform in accordance with the existing agreement or to the extent pet coke from CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery is insufficient, we would need to purchase pet coke from third parties on the open market, which could negatively impact our results of operations to the extent third-party pet coke is unavailable or available only at higher prices. Currently, we purchase 100% of the pet coke CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery produces. However, we are still required to procure additional pet coke from third parties to maintain our production rates. We are currently party to pet coke supply agreements with multiple third-party refineries to provide a significant amount of pet coke at fixed prices. The terms of these agreements currently end in December 2021.
The market for natural gas has been volatile, and fluctuations in natural gas prices could affect our competitive position.
Low natural gas prices benefit our competitors that rely on natural gas as their primary feedstock and disproportionately impact our operations at our Coffeyville Fertilizer Facility by making us less competitive with natural gas-based nitrogen fertilizer manufacturers. Continued low natural gas prices could result in nitrogen fertilizer pricing drops and impair the ability of the Coffeyville Facility to compete with other nitrogen fertilizer producers who use natural gas as their primary feedstock, which, therefore, would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions.
The East Dubuque Facility uses natural gas as its primary feedstock, and as such, the profitability of operating the East Dubuque Facility is significantly dependent on the cost of natural gas. An increase in natural gas prices could make it less competitive with producers who do not use natural gas as their primary feedstock. In addition, an increase in natural gas prices in the U.S. relative to prices of natural gas paid by foreign nitrogen fertilizer producers may negatively affect our competitive position in the corn belt, and such changes could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We expect to purchase a portion of our natural gas for use in the East Dubuque Facility on the spot market. As a result, we remain susceptible to fluctuations in the price of natural gas in general and in local markets in particular. We may use fixed supply, fixed price forward purchase contracts to lock in pricing for a portion of its natural gas requirements, but we may not be able to enter into such agreements on acceptable terms or at all. Without forward purchase contracts for the supply of natural gas, we would need to purchase natural gas on the spot market, which would impair its ability to hedge exposure to risk from fluctuations in natural gas prices. If we enter into forward purchase contracts for natural gas, and natural gas prices decrease, then its cost of sales could be higher than it would have been in the absence of the forward purchase contracts.
Any interruption in the supply of natural gas to our East Dubuque Facility could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Our East Dubuque Facility depends on the availability of natural gas. We have two agreements for pipeline transportation of natural gas with expiration dates in 2021 and 2022. We typically purchase natural gas from third parties on a spot basis and, from time to time, may enter into fixed-price forward purchase contracts. Upon expiration of the agreements, we may be unable to extend the service under the terms of the existing agreements or renew the agreements on satisfactory terms, or at all, necessitating construction of a new connection that could be costly and disruptive. Any disruption in the supply of natural gas to our East Dubuque Facility could restrict our ability to continue to make products at the facility and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
If licensed technology were no longer available, our business may be adversely affected.
We have licensed, and may in the future license, a combination of patent, trade secret, and other intellectual property rights of third parties for use in our plant operations. If our use of technology on which our operations rely were to be terminated or face infringement claims, licenses to alternative technology may not be available, or may only be available on terms that are not commercially reasonable or acceptable, or in the case of infringement, may result in substantial costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Compliance with and changes in environmental laws and regulations, including those related to climate change, could require us to make substantial capital expenditures and adversely affect our performance.
Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the emission or discharge of pollutants into the environment, product use and specifications and the generation, treatment, storage, transportation, disposal and remediation of solid and hazardous wastes. Violations of applicable environmental laws and regulations, or of the conditions of permits issued thereunder, can result in
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substantial penalties, injunctive orders compelling installation of additional controls, civil and criminal sanctions, operating restrictions, injunctive relief, permit revocations and/or facility shutdowns, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate our facilities and accordingly our financial performance.
In addition, new environmental laws and regulations, new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, or increased governmental enforcement of laws and regulations could require us to make additional unforeseen expenditures. It is unclear the impact of the new federal administration will have on the laws and regulations applicable to us, however, measures to address climate change and reduce GHG emissions (including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides) are in various phases of discussion or implementation and could affect our operations by requiring increased operating and capital costs and/or increasing taxes on GHG emissions. If we are unable to maintain sales of our products at a price that reflects such increased costs or have to increase the prices of our products because of such increased costs, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
End user demand for our products may also be adversely impacted by climate change legislation and other changes to or new interpretations of environmental laws, due to increased costs or application restrictions. From time to time, various state legislatures have proposed bans or other limitations on fertilizer products. Decreased demand for our products may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our operations are dependent on third-party suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Operations of our Coffeyville Facility depend in large part on the performance of third-party suppliers, including the adjacent third-party air separation plant and a third-party electric service provider under a contract through June 30, 2029. Our East Dubuque Facility operations also depend in large part on the performance of third-party suppliers, including for the purchase of electricity, which we purchase under a utility service agreement that terminates on June 1, 2022 and will continue year-to-year thereafter unless either party provides 12-month advance written notice of termination. Should these, or any of our other third-party suppliers fail to perform in accordance with existing contractual arrangements, or should we lose the service of any third-party suppliers, our operations (or a portion thereof) could be forced to halt. Alternative sources of supply could be difficult to obtain. Any shutdown of our operations (or a portion thereof), even for a limited period, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions.
We rely on third-party providers of transportation services and equipment, which subjects us to risks and uncertainties beyond our control and that may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make distributions.
Our business also relies on third-party railroad, trucking, and barge companies to ship finished products to customers. These transportation services are subject to various hazards, including extreme weather conditions, work stoppages, delays, spills, derailments and other accidents, and other operating hazards. Further, the limited number of towing companies and barges available for ammonia transport may also impact the availability of transportation for our products. These transportation operations, equipment and services are also subject to environmental, safety and other regulatory oversight. Due to concerns related to terrorism or accidents, local, state and federal governments could implement new regulations affecting the transportation of our finished products. In addition, new regulations could be implemented affecting the equipment used to ship our finished products. Any delay in our ability to ship our finished products as a result of these transportation companies’ failure to operate properly, the implementation of new and more stringent regulatory requirements affecting transportation operations or equipment, or significant increases in the cost of these services or equipment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions.
Any liability for accidents involving ammonia or other products we produce or transport that cause severe damage to property or injury to the environment and human health could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions.
Our business manufactures, processes, stores, handles, distributes and transports ammonia, which can be very volatile and extremely hazardous. Major accidents or releases involving ammonia could cause severe damage or injury to property, the environment and human health, as well as a possible disruption of supplies and markets. Such an event could result in civil lawsuits, fines, penalties and regulatory enforcement proceedings, all of which could lead to significant liabilities. Any damage or injury to persons, equipment, or property or other disruption of our ability to produce or distribute products could result in a significant decrease in operating revenues and significant additional costs to replace or repair and insure our assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions. Our
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facilities periodically experience minor releases of ammonia related to leaks from our facilities’ equipment. Similar events may occur in the future.
In addition, we may incur significant losses or increased costs relating to the operation of railcars used for the purpose of carrying various products, including ammonia. Due to the dangerous and potentially hazardous nature of the cargo, in particular ammonia, a railcar accident may result in fires, explosions, and releases of material which could lead to sudden, severe damage or injury to property, the environment, and human health. In the event of contamination, under environmental law, we may be held responsible even if we are not at fault, and we complied with the laws and regulations in effect at the time of the accident. Litigation arising from accidents involving ammonia and other products we produce or transport may result in us being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting claims for substantial damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make cash distributions.
We could incur significant costs in cleaning up contamination.
We handle hazardous substances which may result in spills, discharges or other releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Past or future spills related to or migrating from any of our current or former operations and solid or hazardous waste disposal, may give rise to liability (including for personal injury, property damage, penalties, strict liability, and potential cleanup responsibility) to governmental entities or private parties under federal, state or local environmental laws, as well as under common law. For example, we could be held strictly liable under CERCLA, and similar state statutes, for past or future spills without regard to fault or whether our actions were in compliance with the law at the time of the spills, including in connection with contamination associated with our current and former facilities, and facilities to which we transported or arranged for the transportation of wastes or byproducts containing hazardous substances for treatment, storage, or disposal. Such liability could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and may not be covered by insurance.
We have assumed the previous owner’s responsibilities under certain administrative orders under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) related to contamination that migrated from CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery onto the nitrogen fertilizer plant property while the previous owner owned and operated the properties. We continue to work with the applicable governmental authorities to implement remediation of these sites on a timely basis.
We may be unable to obtain or renew permits or approvals necessary for our operations, which could inhibit our ability to do business.
Our business holds numerous environmental and other governmental permits and approvals authorizing operations at our facilities and future expansion of our operations is predicated upon the ability to secure approvals therefore. A decision by a government agency to deny or delay issuing a new or renewed material permit or approval, or to revoke or substantially modify an existing permit or approval, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue operations and on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
New regulations concerning the transportation, storage and handling of hazardous chemicals, risks of terrorism, and the security of chemical manufacturing facilities could result in higher operating and/or capital costs.
Targets such as chemical manufacturing facilities may be at greater risk of future terrorist attacks than other targets in the U.S. As a result, the chemical industry has initiatives relating to the security of chemical industry facilities and the transportation of hazardous chemicals in the U.S., and the costs of compliance therewith may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Our facilities face significant risks due to physical damage hazards, environmental liability risk exposure, and unplanned or emergency partial or total plant shutdowns which could cause property damage and a material decline in production which are not fully insured.
If any of our plants, logistics assets, or key suppliers sustain a catastrophic loss and operations are shutdown or significantly impaired, it would have a material adverse impact on our operations, financial condition and cash flows. Operations at our plant could be curtailed, limited or completely shut down for an extended period of time as the result of one or more unforeseen events and circumstances, which may not be within our control, including: major unplanned maintenance requirements; catastrophic events caused by mechanical breakdown, electrical injury, pressure vessel rupture, explosion, contamination, fire, or natural disasters, including floods, windstorms, and other similar events; labor supply shortages or labor difficulties that result in a work stoppage or slowdown; cessation or suspension of a plant or specific operations dictated by
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environmental authorities; acts of terrorism or other deliberate malicious acts; and an event or incident involving a large clean-up, decontamination, or the imposition of laws and ordinances regulating the cost and schedule of demolition or reconstruction, which can cause significant delays in restoring property to its pre-event condition.
We are insured under casualty, environmental, property and business interruption insurance policies. The property and business interruption policies insure our real and personal property. These policies are subject to limits, sub-limits, retention (financial and time-based), and deductibles. There is potential for a common occurrence to impact both our Coffeyville Facility and CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery in which case the insurance limits and applicable sub-limits would apply to all damages combined. The application of these and other policy conditions could materially impact insurance recoveries and potentially cause us to assume losses which could impair earnings.
There is finite capacity in the commercial insurance industry engaged in underwriting energy industry risk, and there are risks associated with the commercial insurance industry reducing capacity, changing the scope of insurance coverage offered, and substantially increasing premiums, deductibles, or retainers, and/or waiting periods, resulting from highly adverse loss experience or other financial circumstances. Factors that impact insurance cost and availability include, but are not limited to: losses in our industry and other industries, natural disasters, specific losses incurred by us, and low or inadequate investment returns earned by the insurance industry. If the supply of commercial insurance is curtailed due to highly adverse financial results, we may not be able to continue our present limits of insurance coverage or obtain sufficient insurance capacity to adequately insure our risks for property damage or business interruption.
We are subject to strict laws and regulations regarding employee and process safety, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and profitability.
We are subject to the requirements of OSHA and comparable state statutes that regulate the protection of the health and safety of workers, the proper design, operation, and maintenance of our equipment, and require us to provide information about hazardous materials used in our operations. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in significant fines or compliance costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
A significant portion of our workforce is unionized, and we are subject to the risk of labor disputes and adverse employee relations, which may disrupt our business and increase our costs.
As of December 31, 2020, approximately 33% of our employees were represented by labor unions under collective bargaining agreements. We may not be able to renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements when they expire on satisfactory terms or at all. A failure to do so may increase our costs. In addition, our existing labor agreements may not prevent a strike or work stoppage at any of our facilities in the future, and any work stoppage could negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure
Instability and volatility in the capital, credit, and commodity markets in the global economy could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted by difficult conditions and volatility in the capital, credit, and commodities markets and in the global economy. For example: there can be no assurance that funds under our credit facilities will be available or sufficient, and in such a case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all; market volatility could exert downward pressure on our common units, which may make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital and thereby limit our ability to grow, which could in turn cause our unit price to drop; or customers experiencing financial difficulties may fail to meet their financial obligations when due because of bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons could result in decreased sales and earnings for us.
Our level of indebtedness may affect our ability to operate our business and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We have incurred significant indebtedness, and we may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. If new indebtedness is added to our current indebtedness, the risks described below could increase. Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences, such as: (i) limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions, or other purposes; (ii) requiring us to utilize a significant portion of our cash flows to service our indebtedness, thereby reducing available cash and our ability to make distributions on
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our common units; (iii) limiting our ability to use operating cash flow in other areas of the business because we must dedicate a substantial portion of additional funds to service debt; (iv) limiting our ability to compete with other companies who are not as highly leveraged, as we may be less capable of responding to adverse economic and industry conditions; (v) limiting our ability to make certain payments on debt that is subordinated or secured on a junior basis; (vi) restricting the way in which we conduct business because of financial and operating covenants, including regarding the ability of subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions; (vii) limiting our ability to enter into certain transactions with our affiliates; (viii) limiting our ability to designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries; (ix) exposing us to potential events of default (if not cured or waived) under financial and operating covenants contained in our or our respective subsidiaries’ debt instruments; and (x) limiting our ability to react to changing market conditions.
Further, we are and will be subject to covenants contained in agreements governing present and future indebtedness. These covenants include, and will likely include, restrictions on certain payments (including restrictions on distributions to our unitholders), the granting of liens, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, asset sales, transactions with affiliates, and mergers and consolidations. Any failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our current credit agreements or debt instruments or future credit agreements.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our debt obligations that may not be successful.
Our ability to satisfy debt obligations will depend upon, among other things our future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control; and our future ability to obtain other financing. We cannot offer any assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that we will be able to draw funds under our ABL Credit Facility or from other sources of financing, in an amount sufficient to fund our respective liquidity needs. If cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to service our indebtedness, we could face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, seek additional capital, restructure or refinance indebtedness, or seek bankruptcy protection. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet scheduled debt service and other obligations. Our ability to restructure or refinance debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict business operations, and the terms of existing or future debt agreements may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives.
Further, our ABL Credit Facility bears interest at variable rates and other debt we incur could likewise be variable-rate debt. If market interest rates increase, variable-rate debt will create higher debt service requirements, which could adversely affect our ability to fund our liquidity needs, capital investments, and distributions to our unitholders. We may enter into agreements limiting our exposure to higher interest rates, but any such agreements may not offer complete protection from this risk.
Mr. Carl C. Icahn exerts significant influence over the Partnership through his controlling ownership of CVR Energy, and his interests may conflict with the interests of the Partnership and our unitholders.
Mr. Carl C. Icahn indirectly controls approximately 71% of the voting power of CVR Energy’s common stock and, by virtue of such ownership, is able to control the Partnership through CVR Energy’s ownership of our general partner and its sole member, including: the election and appointment of directors; business strategy and policies; mergers or other business combinations; acquisition or disposition of assets; future issuances of common stock, common units, or other securities; incurrence of debt or obtaining other sources of financing; and the payment of distributions on our common units. The existence of a controlling stockholder may have the effect of making it difficult for, or may discourage or delay, a third-party from seeking to acquire a majority of our common units, which may adversely affect the market price of such common units.
Further, Mr. Icahn’s interests may not always be consistent with the Partnership’s interests or with the interests of our common unitholders. Mr. Icahn and entities controlled by him may also pursue acquisitions or business opportunities in industries in which we compete, and there is no requirement that any additional business opportunities be presented to us. We also have and may in the future enter into transactions to purchase goods or services with affiliates of Mr. Icahn. To the extent that conflicts of interest may arise between us and Mr. Icahn and his affiliates, those conflicts may be resolved in a manner adverse to us and our common unitholders.
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Risks Related to Our Limited Partnership Structure
We may not have sufficient “available cash” to pay any quarterly distribution on common units or the Board may elect to distribute less than all of our available cash.
The current policy of the board of directors of our general partner (“Board”) is to distribute an amount equal to the available cash generated by our business each quarter to our common unitholders. As a result of its cash distribution policy, we will likely need to rely primarily upon external financing sources, including commercial bank borrowings and the issuance of debt and equity securities, to fund acquisitions and expansion capital expenditures, and our growth, if any, may not be as robust as that of businesses that reinvest available cash to expand ongoing operations. We may not have sufficient available cash each quarter to enable the payment of distributions to common unitholders. Furthermore, the partnership agreement does not require us to pay distributions on a quarterly basis or otherwise. As such, the Board may modify or revoke its cash distribution policy at any time at its discretion, including in such a manner that would result in an elimination of cash distributions regardless of the amount of available cash our business generates.
To the extent we issue additional units in connection with any acquisitions or expansion capital expenditures or as in-kind distributions, current unitholders would experience dilution and the payment of distributions on those additional units may decrease the amount we distribute in respect of its outstanding units. Under our partnership agreement, we are authorized to issue an unlimited number of additional interests without a vote of the common unitholders. The issuance by us of additional common units or other equity interests of equal or senior rank would reduce the proportionate ownership interest of common unitholders immediately prior to the issuance. As a result of the issuance of common units, the following may occur: the amount of cash distributions on each common unit may decrease; the ratio of our taxable income to distributions may increase; the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding common unit will be diminished; and the market price of the common units may decline. In addition, our partnership agreement does not prohibit the issuance by our subsidiaries of equity interests, which may effectively rank senior to the common units. The incurrence of additional commercial borrowings or other debt to finance its growth strategy would result in increased interest expense, which, in turn, would reduce the available cash we have to distribute to unitholders.
Our partnership agreement has limited our general partner’s liability, replaces default fiduciary duties, and restricts the remedies available to common unitholders for actions that, without these limitations and reductions, might otherwise constitute breaches of fiduciary duty.
As permitted under Delaware law, our partnership agreement, which applies to and binds common unitholders, limits the liability and replaces the fiduciary duties of our general partner, while also restricting the remedies available to our common unitholders for actions that, without these limitations and reductions, might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty. The partnership agreement contains provisions that replace the standards to which our general partner would otherwise be held by state fiduciary duty law. For example: (i) the partnership agreement permits our general partner to make a number of decisions in its individual capacity, as opposed to its capacity as general partner, which entitles our general partner to consider only the interests and factors that it desires and means that it has no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of, or factors affecting, any limited partner; (ii) the partnership agreement provides that our general partner will not have any liability to unitholders for decisions made in its capacity as general partner so long as it acted in good faith, meaning it believed the decision was in our best interest; (iii) the partnership agreement provides that our general partner and the officers and directors of its general partner will not be liable for monetary damages to common unitholders, including us, for any acts or omissions unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that the general partner or its officers or directors acted in bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct, or in the case of a criminal matter, acted with knowledge that the conduct was criminal; (iv) the partnership agreement generally provides that affiliated transactions and resolutions of conflicts of interest not approved by the conflicts committee of the board of directors of its general partner and not involving a vote of unitholders must be on terms no less favorable to us than those generally being provided to or available from unrelated third parties or be “fair and reasonable” to us, as determined by its general partner in good faith, and that, in determining whether a transaction or resolution is “fair and reasonable,” the general partner may consider the totality of the relationships between the parties involved, including other transactions that may be particularly advantageous or beneficial to affiliated parties, including us; and (v) the partnership agreement provides that in resolving conflicts of interest, it will be presumed that in making its decision, the general partner or its conflicts committee acted in good faith, and in any proceeding brought by or on behalf of any holder of common units, the person bringing or prosecuting such proceeding will have the burden of overcoming such presumption.
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Our general partner, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, has fiduciary duties to CVR Energy and its stockholders, and the interests of CVR Energy and its stockholders may differ significantly from, or conflict with, the interests of our public common unitholders.
Our general partner is responsible for managing us. Although our general partner has fiduciary duties to manage us in a manner that is in our best interests, the fiduciary duties are specifically limited by the express terms of our partnership agreement, and the directors and officers of our general partner also have fiduciary duties to manage our general partner in a manner beneficial to CVR Energy and its stockholders. The interests of CVR Energy and its stockholders may conflict with, the interests of our public common unitholders. In resolving these conflicts, our general partner may favor its own interests, the interests of CVR Services, its sole member, or the interests of CVR Energy and holders of CVR Energy’s common stock, including its majority stockholder, an affiliate of Icahn Enterprises L.P., over our interests and those of our common unitholders..
The potential conflicts of interest include, among others, the following: (i) neither our partnership agreement nor any other agreement requires the owners of our general partner, including CVR Energy, to pursue a business strategy that favors us and the affiliates of our general partner, including CVR Energy, have fiduciary duties to make decisions in their own best interests and in the best interest of holders of CVR Energy’s common stock, which may be contrary to our interests (ii) our general partner is allowed to take into account the interests of parties other than us or our common unitholders, such as its owners or CVR Energy, in resolving conflicts of interest, which has the effect of limiting its fiduciary duty to our common unitholders; (iii) our general partner has limited its liability and reduced its fiduciary duties under our partnership agreement and has also restricted the remedies available to our common unitholders for actions that, without the limitations, might constitute breaches of fiduciary duty; (iv) the Board determines the amount and timing of asset purchases and sales, capital expenditures, borrowings, repayment of indebtedness, and issuances of additional partnership interests, each of which can affect the amount of cash that is available for distribution to our common unitholders; (v) our partnership agreement does not restrict our general partner from causing us to pay it or its affiliates for any services rendered to us or entering into additional contractual arrangements with any of these entities on our behalf and there is no limitation on the amounts that can be paid; (vi) our general partner controls the enforcement of obligations owed to us by it and its affiliates, and decides whether to retain separate counsel or others to perform services for us; (vii) our general partner determines which costs incurred by it and its affiliates are reimbursable by us; and (viii) certain of the executive officers of our general partner also serve as executive officers of CVR Energy, including our executive chairman, who will face conflicts of interest when making decisions which may benefit either us or CVR Energy. Additionally, the compensation of such executive officers is set by CVR Energy, and we have no control over the amount paid to such officers.
CVR Energy has the power to elect all of the members of the Board. Our general partner has control over all decisions related to our operations. Our public common unitholders do not have an ability to influence any operating decisions and will not be able to prevent us from entering into any transactions. Certain subsidiaries of CVR Energy perform certain corporate services for us, including finance, accounting, legal, information technology, auditing, and cash management activities, and we could be impacted by any failure of those entities to adequately perform these services.
If at any time our general partner and its affiliates own more than 80% of the common units, our general partner will have the right, which it may assign to any of its affiliates or to us, but not the obligation, to acquire all, but not less than all, of the common units held by public common unitholders at a price not less than their then-current market price, as calculated pursuant to the terms of our partnership agreement. As a result, each holder of our common units may be required to sell such holder’s common units at an undesirable time or price and may not receive any return on investment, and may also incur a tax liability upon a sale of its common units. Our general partner is not obligated to obtain a fairness opinion regarding the value of the common units to be repurchased by it upon exercise of the call right. There is no restriction in our partnership agreement that prevents our general partner from issuing additional common units and then exercising its call right. Our general partner may use its own discretion, free of fiduciary duty restrictions, in determining whether to exercise this right..
Our general partner may transfer its general partner interest in us to a third-party, including in a merger or in a sale of all or substantially all of its assets without the consent of our common unitholders. The new equity owner of our general partner would then be in a position to replace the board of directors and the officers of our general partner with its own choices and to influence their decisions. If control of our general partner were transferred to an unrelated third-party, the new owner would have no interest in CVR Energy and CVR Energy could, upon 90 days’ notice, terminate the services agreement pursuant to which it provides us with the services of its senior management team.
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As a publicly traded partnership we qualify for certain exemptions from many of the NYSE’s corporate governance requirements.
As a publicly traded partnership, we qualify for certain exemptions from the NYSE’s corporate governance requirements, which include the requirements that (i) a majority of the Board consist of independent directors and (ii) the Board have a nominating/corporate governance committee and compensation committee that are composed entirely of independent directors. Our general partner’s board of directors has not and does not currently intend to establish a nominating/corporate governance committee and we could avail ourselves of the additional exemptions available to publicly traded partnerships at any time in the future. Accordingly, common unitholders do not have the same protections afforded to equity holders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.
Our public common unitholders have limited voting rights and are not entitled to elect our general partner or our general partner’s directors and do not have sufficient voting power to remove our general partner without CVR Energy’s consent.
Unlike the holders of common stock in a corporation, our common unitholders have only limited voting rights on matters affecting our business and, therefore, limited ability to influence management’s decisions. Our common unit holders do not choose the Members of the Board do not elect directors or participate in other matters routinely conducted at annual meetings of stockholders, and have no practical ability to remove our general partner without the consent of CVR Energy. As a result of these limitations, the price at which the common units will trade could be diminished. Our partnership agreement restricts common unitholders’ voting rights by providing that any units held by a person that owns 20% or more of any class of units then outstanding, other than our general partner, its affiliates, their transferees, and persons who acquired such units with the prior approval of the Board, may not vote on any matter. Our partnership agreement also contains provisions limiting the ability of common unitholders to call meetings or to acquire information about our operations, and to influence the manner or direction of management.
Common unitholders may have liability to repay distributions.
In the event that: (i) we make distributions to our common unitholders when our nonrecourse liabilities exceed the sum of (a) the fair market value of our assets not subject to recourse liability and (b) the excess of the fair market value of our assets subject to recourse liability over such liability, or a distribution causes such a result, and (ii) a common unitholder knows at the time of the distribution of such circumstances, such common unitholder will be liable for a period of three years from the time of the impermissible distribution to repay the distribution under Section 17-607 of the Delaware Act. Likewise, upon the winding up of the partnership, in the event that (i) we do not distribute assets in the following order: (a) to creditors in satisfaction of their liabilities; (b) to partners and former partners in satisfaction of liabilities for distributions owed under our partnership agreement; (c) to partners for the return of their contribution; and finally (d) to the partners in the proportions in which the partners share in distributions; and (ii) a common unitholder knows at the time of such circumstances, then such common unitholder will be liable for a period of three years from the impermissible distribution to repay the distribution under Section 17-807 of the Delaware Act.
Tax Risks Related to Common Unitholders
If the IRS were to treat us as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or we become subject to entity-level taxation for state tax purposes, our cash available for distribution to our common unitholders would be substantially reduced, likely causing a substantial reduction in the value of our common units.
The anticipated after-tax economic benefit of an investment in our common units depends largely on our being treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Despite the fact that we are organized as a limited partnership under Delaware law, we would be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless we satisfy a “qualifying income” requirement. Based upon our current operations, we believe we satisfy the qualifying income requirement. Although we have received favorable private letter rulings from the IRS with respect to certain of our operations, no ruling has been or will be requested regarding our treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Failing to meet the qualifying income requirement or a change in current law (which could be retroactive) could cause us to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise subject us to taxation at the corporate tax rate and distributions to our common unitholders would generally be taxed again as corporate distributions, and no income, gains, losses, or deductions would flow through to our common unitholders. Because a tax would be imposed upon us as a corporation, our cash available for distribution to our common unitholders would be substantially reduced and result in a material reduction in the anticipated cash flow and after-tax return to our common unitholders, likely causing a substantial reduction in the value of our common units. At the state level, several states have been evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity-level taxation through the imposition of
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state income, franchise, or other forms of taxation. We currently own assets and conduct business in several states, many of which impose a margin or franchise tax. In the future, we may expand our operations. Imposition of a similar tax on us in other jurisdictions that we may expand to could substantially reduce our cash available for distribution to our common unitholders.
If the IRS makes audit adjustments to our income tax returns for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, it may assess and collect any taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) resulting from such audit adjustments directly from us, in which case our cash available for distribution to our common unitholders might be substantially reduced and our current and former common unitholders may be required to indemnify us for any taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) resulting from such audit adjustments that were paid on such common unitholders’ behalf.
For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the IRS (and some states) may assess and collect from us taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) resulting from audit adjustments to our income tax returns. Our general partner may elect to either pay the taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) directly to the IRS or, if we are eligible, issue a revised information statement to each common unitholder and former common unitholder with respect to an audited and adjusted return. There can be no assurance that such an election to allocate the audit adjustment and tax payment obligation to our current and former common unitholders will be practical, permissible, or effective in all circumstances. As a result, our current common unitholders may bear some or all of the tax liability resulting from such audit adjustment, even if they did not own common units in us during the tax year under audit. If, as a result of any such audit adjustment, we are required to make payments of taxes, penalties, and interest, our cash available for distribution to our common unitholders might be substantially reduced and our current and former unitholders may be required to indemnify us for any taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) resulting from such audit adjustments that were paid on such unitholders behalf.
Our unitholders are required to pay income taxes on their share of our taxable income even if they do not receive any cash distributions from us.
A unitholder’s allocable share of our taxable income will be taxable to it, which may require the unitholder to pay federal income taxes and, in some cases, state and local income taxes, even if the unitholder receives no cash distributions or cash distributions from us that are less than the actual tax liability that results from that income. For example, if we sell assets and use the proceeds to repay existing debt or fund capital expenditures, you may be allocated taxable income and gain resulting from the sale, and our cash available for distribution would not increase. Similarly, taking advantage of opportunities to reduce our existing debt, such as debt exchanges, debt repurchases, or modifications of our existing debt could result in “cancellation of indebtedness income” being allocated to our common unitholders as taxable income without any increase in our cash available for distribution.
Common unitholders may be subject to limitation on their ability to deduct interest expense incurred by us.
In general, we are entitled to a deduction for interest paid or accrued on indebtedness properly allocable to our trade or business during our taxable year. However, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, our deduction for “business interest” is limited to the sum of our business interest income and 30% of our “adjusted taxable income.” For the purposes of this limitation, our adjusted taxable income is computed without regard to any business interest expense or business interest income, and in the case of taxable years beginning before January 1, 2022, any deduction allowable for depreciation, amortization, or depletion.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relieve and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. The CARES Act, among other things, increased the limitation on the deductibility of business interest to 50% of adjusted taxable income for partnerships in taxable year December 31, 2020. The CARES Act also allows taxpayers to elect to compute the limitation on business interest expense for taxable year December 31, 2020 by using its adjusted taxable income from taxable year December 31, 2019.
Non-U.S. common unitholders will be subject to U.S. taxes and withholding with respect to their income and gain from owning our common units.
Non-U.S. common unitholders are generally taxed and subject to income tax filing requirements by the United States on income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (“effectively connected income”). Income allocated to our common unitholders and any gain from the sale of our common units will generally be considered to be “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business. As a result, distributions to a Non-U.S. common unitholder will be subject to withholding at the highest applicable effective tax rate, and a Non-U.S. common unitholder who sells or otherwise disposes of a common unit will also be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain realized from the sale or disposition of that common unit.
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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act imposes a withholding obligation of 10% of the amount realized upon a Non-U.S. common witholder’s sale or exchange of an interest in a partnership that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business, effective January 1, 2022 per final Regulations. Non-U.S. common unitholders should consult a tax advisor before investing in our common units.
Tax-exempt entities face unique tax issues from owning our common units that may result in adverse tax consequences.
Investment in our common units by tax-exempt entities, such as employee benefit plans and individual retirement accounts, raises unique issues. For example, virtually all of our income allocated to organizations that are exempt from U.S. federal income tax will be unrelated business taxable income and will be taxable. Further, with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, a tax-exempt entity with more than one unrelated trade or business (including by attribution from investment in a partnership such as ours that is engaged in one or more unrelated trade or business) is required to compute the unrelated business taxable income of such tax-exempt entity separately with respect to each such trade or business (including for purposes of determining any net operating loss deduction). As a result, for years beginning after December 31, 2017, it may not be possible for tax-exempt entities to utilize losses from an investment in our partnership to offset unrelated business taxable income from another unrelated trade or business and vice versa.
The IRS may challenge our treatment of each purchaser of our common units as having the same tax benefits without regard to the common units actually purchased, which could adversely affect the value of our common units.
Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of common units, we have adopted certain methods for allocating depreciation and amortization deductions that may not conform to all aspects of existing Treasury Regulations. A successful IRS challenge to the use of these methods could adversely affect the amount of tax benefits available to our common unitholders. It also could affect the timing of these tax benefits or the amount of gain from any sale of common units and could have a negative impact on the value of our common units or result in audit adjustments to a common unitholder’s tax returns.
Our proration methods may be challenged by the IRS, which could change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss, and deduction among our common unitholders.
We generally (i) prorate our items of income, gain, loss, and deduction between transferors and transferees of our common units; and (ii) allocate certain deductions for depreciation of capital additions, gain or loss realized on a sale or other disposition of our assets, and, in the discretion of the general partner, any other extraordinary item of income, gain, loss, or deduction, each month based upon the ownership of our units on the first day of each month (the “Allocation Date”), instead of on the basis of the date a particular common unit is transferred. Treasury Regulations allow a similar monthly simplifying convention, but such regulations do not specifically authorize all aspects of our proration method. If the IRS were to challenge our proration method, we may be required to change the allocation of items of income, gain, loss, and deduction among our common unitholders.
IRS challenge of certain valuation methodologies we have adopted to determine a unitholder’s allocations of income, gain, loss, and deduction, could adversely affect the value of our common units.
In determining the items of income, gain, loss, and deduction allocable to our unitholders, we must routinely determine the fair market value of our assets and allocate any unrealized gain or loss attributable to our assets to the capital accounts of our unitholders. The IRS may challenge our valuation methods and allocations. A successful IRS challenge to these methods or allocations could adversely affect the amount of taxable income or loss being allocated to our unitholders, the amount of taxable gain from our unitholders’ sale of common units, and the value of the common units or result in audit adjustments to our unitholders’ tax returns without the benefit of additional deductions.
Our common unitholders will likely be subject to state and local taxes, as well as income tax return filing requirements, in jurisdictions where they do not live as a result of investing in our common units.
In addition to U.S. federal income taxes, our common unitholders may be subject to other taxes, including foreign, state, and local taxes, unincorporated business taxes, and estate, inheritance, or intangible taxes that are imposed by the various jurisdictions in which we conduct business or own property now or in the future, even if they do not live in any of those jurisdictions, will likely be required to file foreign, state, and local income tax returns and pay state and local income taxes in some or all of these various jurisdictions, and may be subject to penalties for failure to comply with those requirements.
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General Risks Related to the Partnership
The acquisition and expansion strategy of our business involves significant risks that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
From time to time, we may consider pursuing acquisitions and expansion projects (“Expansion Projects”) to continue to grow and increase profitability. However, we may not be able to consummate such Expansion Projects due to intense competition for suitable acquisition targets; the potential unavailability of financial resources necessary; difficulties in identifying suitable Expansion Projects or in completing them on sufficiently favorable terms; and the failure to obtain requisite regulatory approvals. In addition, any Expansion Projects may entail significant transaction costs and risks associated with entry into new markets and lines of business, including but not limited to, new regulatory obligations and risks.
In the case of an acquisition, integration of acquired entities can involve significant difficulties, such as: disruption of the ongoing operations; failure to achieve cost savings or other financial or operating objectives contributing to the accretive nature of an acquisition; strain on operational and managerial controls, procedures and management; difficulties in the integration and retention of customers or personnel; assumption of unknown material liabilities or regulatory non-compliance issues; amortization of acquired assets, which would reduce future reported earnings; and possible adverse short-term effects on our cash flows or operating results.
When considering potential Expansion Projects, will also consider impact on our tax treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If we are unable to conclude that the activities of the Expansion Project would not affect our treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we may elect to seek a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). Seeking such a ruling could be costly or, in the case of competitive acquisitions, place the business in a competitive disadvantage compared to other potential acquirers who do not seek such a ruling. If we are unable to conclude that an activity would not affect our treatment as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and are unable or unwilling to obtain an IRS ruling, we may choose to acquire such business or develop such expansion project in a corporate subsidiary, which would subject the income related to such activity to entity-level taxation, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our common unitholders and could likely cause a substantial reduction in the value of our common units.
Internally generated cash flows and other sources of liquidity may not be adequate for our capital needs.
Our business is capital intensive and working capital needs may vary significantly over relatively short periods of time. For instance, nitrogen fertilizer demand volatility can significantly impact working capital on a week-to-week and month-to-month basis. If we cannot generate adequate cash flow or otherwise secure sufficient liquidity to meet our working capital needs or support our short-term and long-term capital requirements, we may be unable to meet our debt obligations, pursue our business strategies, or comply with certain environmental standards, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
Refer to Item 1, “Facilities” for more information on our core business properties. CVR Energy also leases property for our executive and marketing offices in Sugar Land, Texas and Kansas City, Kansas, respectively.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, we may become party to lawsuits, administrative proceedings, and governmental investigations, including environmental, regulatory, and other matters. Large, and sometimes unspecified, damages or penalties may be sought from us in some matters and certain matters may require years to resolve. Although we cannot provide assurance, we believe that an adverse resolution of the matters described below would not have a material impact on our liquidity, consolidated financial position, or consolidated results of operations. Refer to Note 2 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”), Loss Contingencies, in Part II, Item 8 for further discussion on current litigation matters.
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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Performance Graph
The performance graph below compares the cumulative total return of the Partnership’s common units to (a) the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Composite Index and (b) a composite peer group (“Peer Group”) consisting of The Mosaic Company, CF Industries Holdings, Inc., Intrepid Potash, Inc., and Arcadia Biosciences, Inc. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in common units and each index was $100 on December 31, 2015 and that all distributions were reinvested. Investment is weighted on the basis of market capitalization.
The unit price performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Information used in the graph was obtained from Yahoo! Finance (finance.yahoo.com). The performance graph above is furnished and not filed for purposes of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. The performance graph is not soliciting material subject to Regulation 14A.
Market Information
CVR Partners’ common units are listed under the symbol “UAN” on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The Partnership has 32 holders of record of the outstanding units as of December 31, 2020.
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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
Repurchases of the Partnership’s common units during the three months ended December 31, 2020 were as follows:
Period Total Number of Units Purchased Average Price paid per Unit Total Number of Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value of Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
October 1 to October 31, 2020
- $ - - $ 7,723,222
November 1 to November 30, 2020 (2)
60,000 8.32 60,000 7,223,883
December 1 to December 31, 2020
333,777 12.88 333,777 2,924,400
Total 393,777 393,777
(1)On May 6, 2020, the Board, on behalf of the Partnership, authorized the Partnership to repurchase up to $10 million of the Partnership’s common units. Repurchases may be made through open market transactions, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise in accordance with applicable securities laws. Through December 31, 2020, the Partnership has repurchased $7.1 million of its common units under this authorization and $2.9 million of authority may yet be used to purchase common units.
(2)On November 23, 2020, a 10-to-1 reverse common unit split occurred. From November 1, 2020 through November 23, 2020, the Partnership repurchased 416,000 common units. The units summarized above reflect common unit repurchases on a split-adjusted basis. No changes to the unit repurchase authorization occurred during the period as a result of the reverse split.
Equity Compensation Plan
The CVR Partners Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) provides for the grant of options, unit appreciation rights, distribution equivalent rights, restricted units, phantom units and other unit-based awards, each in respect of common units. Individuals who are eligible to receive awards under the CVR Partners LTIP include employees, officers, consultants and directors of CVR Partners and the general partner and their respective subsidiaries and parents. A maximum of 500,000 common units are issuable under the CVR Partners LTIP.
The table below contains information about securities authorized for issuance under the CVR Partners LTIP as of December 31, 2020.
Plan Category Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:
CVR Partners, LP Long-Term Incentive Plan - - 482,022 (1)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders:
None - - -
Total - - 482,022
(1)Represents units that remain available for future issuance pursuant to the CVR Partners LTIP in connection with awards of options, unit appreciation rights, distribution equivalent rights, restricted units, and phantom units.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Not applicable.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and with the statistical information and financial data included elsewhere in this Report. References to CVR Partners, the Partnership, “we”, “us”, and “our” may refer to consolidated subsidiaries of CVR Partners or one or both of the facilities, as the context may require.
This discussion and analysis covers the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and discusses year-to-year comparisons between such periods. The discussions of the year ended December 31, 2018 and year-to-year comparisons between the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed on February 20, 2020, and such discussions are incorporated by reference into this Report.
Reflected in this discussion and analysis is how management views the Partnership’s current financial condition and results of operations along with key external variables and management actions that may impact the Partnership. Understanding significant external variables, such as market conditions, weather, and seasonal trends, among others, and management actions taken to manage the Partnership, address external variables, among others, which will increase users’ understanding of the Partnership, its financial condition and results of operations. This discussion may contain forward looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report.
Strategy and Goals
Mission and Core Values
Our Mission is to be a top tier North American nitrogen-based fertilizer company as measured by safe and reliable operations, superior performance and profitable growth. The foundation of how we operate is built on five core Values:
•Safety - We always put safety first. The protection of our employees, contractors and communities is paramount. We have an unwavering commitment to safety above all else. If it’s not safe, then we don’t do it.
•Environment - We care for our environment. Complying with all regulations and minimizing any environmental impact from our operations is essential. We understand our obligation to the environment and that it’s our duty to protect it.
•Integrity - We require high business ethics. We comply with the law and practice sound corporate governance. We only conduct business one way-the right way with integrity.
•Corporate Citizenship - We are proud members of the communities where we operate. We are good neighbors and know that it’s a privilege we can’t take for granted. We seek to make a positive economic and social impact through our financial donations and the contributions of time, knowledge and talent of our employees to the places where we live and work.
•Continuous Improvement - We believe in both individual and team success. We foster accountability under a performance-driven culture that supports creative thinking, teamwork, diversity and personal development so that employees can realize their maximum potential. We use defined work practices for consistency, efficiency and to create value across the organization.
Our core Values are driven by our people, inform the way we do business each and every day and enhance our ability to accomplish our mission and related strategic objectives.
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Strategic Objectives
We have outlined the following strategic objectives to drive the accomplishment of our mission:
Safety - We aim to achieve continuous improvement in all environmental, health, and safety areas through ensuring our people’s commitment to environmental, health and safety comes first, the refinement of existing policies, continuous training, and enhanced monitoring procedures.
Reliability - Our goal is to achieve industry-leading utilization rates at both of our Facilities through safe and reliable operations. We are focusing on improvements in day-to-day plant operations, identifying alternative sources for plant inputs to reduce lost time due to third-party operational constraints, and optimizing our commercial and marketing functions to maintain plant operations at their highest level.
Market Capture - We continuously evaluate opportunities to improve the facilities’ realized pricing at the gate and reduce variable costs incurred in production to maximize our capture of market opportunities.
Financial Discipline - We strive to be efficient as possible by maintaining low operating costs and disciplined deployment of capital.
Achievements
We successfully executed a number of achievements in support of our strategic objectives shown below through the date of this filing despite the challenges experienced by the industry during 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic:
Safety Reliability Market Capture Financial Discipline
Operated all facilities and corporate offices safely and reliably and maintained financial discipline amid COVID-19 pandemic. ü ü ü
Maintained high asset reliability and a combined utilization rate of 98% at both facilities through the fourth quarter of 2020.
ü ü ü
Achieved record shipments of ammonia from the East Dubuque Facility during April 2020. ü ü
Reduced lost profit opportunities by approximately $13.7 million compared to 2019. ü ü ü
Generated first carbon offset credits related to N2O abatement and continued sequestration of CO2 for enhanced crude oil recovery at the Coffeyville Facility.
ü ü
Reduced operating and SG&A expenses by over 12% in 2020 as compared to 2019.
ü
Reduced capital spending by $9 million compared to initial spending plans. ü
Amended and extended the ABL Credit Agreement during the third quarter of 2020.
ü
Completed Messer contract renewal with favorable conditions including new backup oxygen tank. ü
Repurchased $7.1 million of CVR Partners common units during 2020.
ü
Industry Factors and Market Conditions
Within the nitrogen fertilizer business, earnings and cash flows from operations are primarily affected by the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer product prices, utilization, and operating costs and expenses, including pet coke and natural gas feedstock costs.
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The price at which nitrogen fertilizer products are ultimately sold depends on numerous factors, including the global supply and demand for nitrogen fertilizer products which, in turn, depends on, among other factors, world grain demand and production levels, changes in world population, the cost and availability of fertilizer transportation infrastructure, weather conditions, the availability of imports, and the extent of government intervention in agriculture markets.
Nitrogen fertilizer prices are also affected by local factors, including local market conditions and the operating levels of competing facilities. An expansion or upgrade of competitors’ facilities, new facility development, political and economic developments, and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in nitrogen fertilizer industry economics. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products.
General Business Environment
In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized COVID-19 as a pandemic, and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken by governments and others in response thereto has and continues to negatively impact the worldwide economy, financial markets, and the agricultural industry. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant business and operational disruptions, including business closures in the restaurant and food supply industries, among others, liquidity strains, demand destruction, as well as supply chain challenges, travel restrictions, stay-at-home orders, and limitations on the availability of the workforce, including farmers in the agricultural industry. As a result, the global demand for liquid transportation fuels, including ethanol (the production of which is a significant driver of demand for fertilizer), has declined, causing many refineries and plants to reduce production or idle, evidenced by a decline in the fourth quarter 2020 average ethanol production of 10% compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. Given recent market conditions, the processing of sweet crude oil, including at the crude oil refinery owned and operated by Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (“CRRM”), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, has increased compared to 2019 resulting in lower sour crude oil being processed and pet coke being produced. As a result, increased costs may continue to be incurred by the Partnership in future periods to source feedstocks, such as pet coke. Concerns over the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic and business prospects across the world have contributed to increased market and grain price volatility, and uncertainty in food supply demands, and have diminished expectations for the global economy. These factors may precipitate a prolonged economic slowdown and recession, which may lead to some decline in demand for the Partnership’s products in the first quarter of 2021 and beyond.
The Partnership believes the general business environment in which it operates will continue to remain volatile during 2021, driven by uncertainty around the availability and prices of its feedstocks and the demand for its products. As a result, the Partnership anticipates its future operating results and current and long-term financial condition may be negatively impacted. Due to the rapidly evolving situation, the uncertainty of its duration, and the timing of recovery, the Partnership is not able at this time to predict the extent to which these events may have a material, or any, effect on its financial or operational results in future periods.
Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets
As of December 31, 2019, the Partnership had a goodwill balance of $41.0 million associated with our Coffeyville Facility reporting unit for which the estimated fair value had been in excess of carrying value based on our 2018 and 2019 assessments. As a result of lower expectations for market conditions in the fertilizer industry, the market performance of the Partnership’s common units, a qualitative analysis, and additional risks associated with the business, the Partnership concluded a triggering event had occurred that required an interim quantitative impairment assessment of goodwill for this reporting unit during the second quarter of 2020. The results of the impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit exceeded the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, and a full impairment of the asset was required. Significant assumptions inherent in the valuation methodologies for goodwill include, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, discount rates, inflationary factors, and cost of capital. To evaluate the sensitivity of the fair value calculations for the reporting unit, the Partnership applied a hypothetical 1% favorable change in the weighted average cost of capital, and separately, increased the revenue projections by 10%, holding gross margins steady. The results of these sensitivity analyses confirmed the need to record a non-cash impairment charge of $41.0 million during 2020. There is no goodwill remaining as of December 31, 2020.
With the adverse economic impacts discussed above and the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a heightened risk that amounts recognized, including other long-lived assets, may not be recoverable. While our assessment in 2020 did not identify the existence of an impairment indicator for our long-lived asset groups, we continue to monitor the
December 31, 2020 | 31
current environment, including the duration and breadth of the impacts that the pandemic will have on demand for our fertilizer products, to assess whether qualitative factors indicate a quantitative assessment is required. If a quantitative test is performed, the extent to which the recoverability of our long-lived assets could be impaired is unknown. Such impairment could have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations; however, an impairment would have no impact on our financial condition or liquidity.
Market Conditions
While there is risk of shorter-term volatility given the inherent nature of the commodity cycle and the impacts of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the Partnership believes the long-term fundamentals for the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry remain intact. The Partnership views the anticipated combination of (i) increasing global population, (ii) decreasing arable land per capita, (iii) continued evolution to more protein-based diets in developing countries, (iv) sustained use of corn as feedstock for the domestic production of ethanol, and (v) positioning at the lower end of the global cost curve should provide a solid foundation for nitrogen fertilizer producers in the U.S. over the longer term.
While weather conditions in 2020 exhibited normal patterns, weather significantly impacted the timing of the planting season for corn and soybeans in 2019. Due to excessive wet conditions, crops were planted later than normal in the spring which led to a late harvest of these crops in the fall of 2019. As a result, the ammonia application season in the fall of 2019 was shortened. This created a surplus of ammonia inventory in the market during the winter of 2019 leading into 2020. UAN continues to be impacted by the imposition of import duties on UAN product by the European Union (the “EU”). This has resulted in shifts in UAN trade flows for product that had previously been shipped to the EU. In 2020, natural gas prices across the world declined significantly as compared to 2019; however, since the summer of 2020, forward market prices indicate significantly higher prices for 2021 versus historically low prices in 2020. Natural gas is the primary feedstock for production of nitrogen fertilizers. As a result of these factors, in the fourth quarter of 2020, the Partnership has started to see an uptrend in pricing related to these products, with the expectation that product prices will continue to see an uptrend into the first quarter of 2021.
Corn and soybean are two major crops planted by farmers in North America. Corn crops result in the depletion of the amount of nitrogen and ammonia within the soil in which it is grown, which in turn, results in the need for these nutrients to be replenished after each growing cycle. Unlike corn, soybeans are able to obtain their own nitrogen through a process known as “N fixation.” As such, upon harvesting of soybeans, the soil retains a certain amount of nitrogen which results in lower demand for nitrogen fertilizer for the following corn planting cycle. Due to these factors, nitrogen fertilizer consumers generally operate a balanced corn-soybean rotational planting cycle as evident through the chart presented below for 2020, 2019 and 2018.
The relationship between the total acres planted for both corn and soybean has a direct impact on the overall demand for nitrogen products. As the number of corn acres increases, the market and demand for nitrogen also increases. Correspondingly, as the number of soybean acres increases, the market and demand for nitrogen decreases. Additionally, an estimated 8 billion pounds of soybean oil is expected to go towards producing cleaner biodiesel in 2020 and 2021. Multiple refiners have announced biodiesel expansion projects for 2021 and beyond, which will only increase the demand and capacity for soybeans. Due to the uncertainty of how these factors will truly affect the soybean market, it is not yet known how the nitrogen business will be impacted.
Ethanol is blended with gasoline to meet renewable fuel standard requirements and for its octane value. Ethanol production has historically consumed approximately 35% of the U.S. corn crop, so demand for corn generally rises and falls with ethanol demand. There has been a decline in ethanol demand in 2020 due to decreased demand for transportation fuels as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the lower ethanol demand did not alter the spring 2020 planting decisions by farmers as evidenced in the charts below.
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(1)Information used within this chart was obtained from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (“EIA”).
(2)Information used within this chart was obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), National Agricultural Statistics Services.
The 2020 USDA reports on corn and soybean acres planted indicated farmers planted approximately 91.0 million acres of corn, representing an increase of 1.4% in corn acres planted as compared to 89.7 million corn acres in 2019. Planted soybean acres are estimated to be 83.1 million acres, representing a 9.2% increase in soybean acres planted as compared to 76.1 million soybean acres in 2019. Since the summer of 2020, adverse weather conditions in parts of the Midwest caused the USDA to lower estimated crop yields, particularly for corn. Further, higher demand for soybeans and corn and lower grain inventories have led to a rally in crop prices for 2020 and 2021 and significantly improved farmer economics. As a result, we experienced strong demand for ammonia for fall application and fertilizer crop inputs for the spring of 2021. Prices for natural gas, the primary input for nitrogen fertilizer production, rose in the fourth quarter of 2020 in the U.S. and rose even more significantly in international markets. The increase in natural gas prices in the U.S. has been more than offset by higher product pricing, and the competitiveness of U.S. nitrogen producers has improved considerably.
The tables below show relevant market indicators by month through December 31, 2020:
(1)Information used within these charts was obtained from various third-party sources including Green Markets (a Bloomberg Company), Pace Petroleum Coke Quarterly, and the EIA, amongst others.
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Results of Operations
The following should be read in conjunction with the information outlined within the previous sections of this Part II, Item 7, the financial statements, and related notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.
The charts presented below summarize our ammonia utilization rates on a consolidated basis and at each of our Facilities. Utilization is an important measure used by management to assess operational output at each of the Partnership’s facilities. Utilization is calculated as actual tons produced divided by capacity adjusted for planned maintenance and turnarounds.
The presentation of our utilization is on a two-year rolling average which takes into account the impact of our planned and unplanned outages on any specific period. We believe the two-year rolling average is a more useful presentation of the long-term utilization performance of our Facilities.
Utilization is presented solely on ammonia production rather than each nitrogen product as it provides a comparative baseline against industry peers and eliminates the disparity of facility configurations for upgrade of ammonia into other nitrogen products. With efforts primarily focused on ammonia upgrade capabilities, we believe this measure provides a meaningful view of how well we operate.
On a consolidated basis, utilization increased 2% to 95% for the two years ended December 31, 2020 compared to the two years ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily a result of ammonia storage capacity constraints at the East Dubuque Facility in the first quarter of 2019 due to inclement weather impacting customers’ ability to apply ammonia and the turnaround at the East Dubuque Facility in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Sales and Pricing per Ton - Two of our key operating metrics are total sales for ammonia and UAN along with the product pricing per ton realized at the gate. Total sales for ammonia and UAN were favorable due to strong demand during the spring application coupled with heavy fill orders from the summer through year end caused by higher crop prices increasing farmer demand. Additionally, higher total utilization for 2020 increased the total products available for sale for ammonia and UAN. This increase in production is coupled with an increased draw of ammonia and UAN inventory for 2020. Product pricing at gate represents net sales less freight revenue divided by product sales volume in tons and is shown in order to provide a pricing measure comparable across the fertilizer industry.
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Production Volumes - Gross tons produced for ammonia represent the total ammonia produced, including ammonia produced, that was upgraded into other fertilizer products. Net tons available for sale represent the ammonia available for sale that was not upgraded into other fertilizer products. The table below presents these metrics for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018.
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands of tons) 2020 2019 2018
Ammonia (gross produced) 852 766 794
Ammonia (net available for sale) 303 223 246
UAN 1,303 1,255 1,276
Feedstock - Our Coffeyville Facility utilizes a pet coke gasification process to produce nitrogen fertilizer. Our East Dubuque Facility uses natural gas in its production of ammonia. The table below presents these feedstocks for both facilities for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Pet coke used in production (thousand tons) 523 535 463
Pet coke (dollars per ton) $ 35.25 $ 37.47 $ 28.41
Natural gas used in production (thousands of MMBtu) (1) 8,611 6,856 7,933
Natural gas used in production (dollars per MMBtu) (1) $ 2.31 $ 2.88 $ 3.28
Natural gas in cost of materials and other (thousands of MMBtu) (1) 9,349 6,961 7,122
Natural gas in cost of materials and other (dollars per MMBtu) (1) $ 2.35 $ 3.08 $ 3.15
(1)The feedstock natural gas shown above does not include natural gas used for fuel. The cost of natural gas used for fuel is included in Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization).
Financial Highlights
Overview - For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Partnership’s operating loss and net loss were $34.9 million and $98.2 million, respectively, a $62.3 million decrease in operating income and a $63.2 million increase in net loss, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 driven primarily by lower net sales and the recognition of a non-cash impairment charge of $41.0 million driven primarily by the lower pricing environment observed in 2020. These impacts were offset by higher sales volumes and reductions to operating expense.
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(1)See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.
Net Sales - Net sales decreased by $54.2 million to $350.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to unfavorable pricing conditions which contributed $99.0 million in lower revenues offset with increased sales volumes contributing $45.8 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, net sales included $33.3 million and $33.4 million in freight revenue, respectively, and $10.1 million and $7.6 million in other revenue, respectively.
The following table demonstrates the impact of changes in sales volumes and pricing for the primary components of net sales, excluding urea products, freight, and other revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.
(in thousands) Price
Variance
Volume
Variance
UAN $ (63,047) $ 10,109
Ammonia (35,999) 35,649
The decrease in UAN and ammonia sales pricing for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to competitive pricing pressures seen throughout the domestic and international markets. For UAN, a softening natural gas market, which is the typical feedstock for nitrogen plants, shifting trade flows in UAN due to the imposition of import duties on UAN in the EU contributed to lower prices. Additionally, lower corn prices due to decreased demand for corn for ethanol blending further contributed to lower UAN prices. For ammonia, lower natural gas and corn prices and reduced demand for industrial uses of ammonia contributed to lower prices. The increase in UAN and ammonia sales volumes for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to strong demand during the 2020 spring application period coupled with heavy fill orders beginning in the summer
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of 2020 through year end. Additionally, higher crop prices in the second half of 2020 led to greater farmer demand, which was also aided by favorable weather conditions for application.
(1)Exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense.
Cost of Materials and Other - Cost of materials and other for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $91.1 million, compared to $94.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The $3.0 million decrease was comprised primarily of a $1.6 million decrease in pet coke costs at our Coffeyville Facility due to lower purchases of pet coke from the Coffeyville Refinery, a decrease in freight expenses and distribution costs of $1.4 million due to higher 2019 freight charges on sales agreements, a decrease in other feedstocks purchases of $1.2 million due to lower purchases of hydrogen and nitrogen, and a decrease related to a draw in our ammonia and UAN inventories contributing $0.6 million driven by higher crop prices leading to greater farmer demand coupled with favorable weather for application through year end, offset by an increase in purchases of third-party ammonia at the Coffeyville Facility contributing $1.8 million.
Direct Operating Expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) - For the year ended December 31, 2020, direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $157.9 million as compared to $173.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The $15.7 million decrease was primarily due to decreased turnaround costs of $9.1 million relating to the 2019 turnaround for our East Dubuque Facility and a decrease in $1.3 million of repairs and maintenance cost for brick replacement at our Coffeyville Facility with no similar activity in 2020. Utility costs decreased by $3.0 million due to the lower cost of natural gas resulting from favorable market conditions and lower electricity costs at our Coffeyville Facility due to rate reductions achieved in 2020. Other reductions to operating expense in 2020 reflect the impact of cost reduction efforts put in place to address the general business environment.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense - Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, as a result of accelerated depreciation of certain assets that
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were removed following the 2019 turnaround at the East Dubuque Facility, coupled with additions to property, plant, and equipment during the current year.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses, and Other - Selling, general and administrative expenses and other decreased approximately $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily related to a reduced amount of asset write offs in 2020 compared to 2019 contributing $2.8 million, coupled with decreased personnel costs and management fees of $7.2 million driven by lower allocated expense from CVR Energy, including stock-based compensation expense as a result of lower market prices for CVR Energy share and Partnership units during 2020.
Non-GAAP Measures
Our management uses certain non-GAAP performance measures, and reconciliations to those measures, to evaluate current and past performance and prospects for the future to supplement our GAAP financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures are important factors in assessing our operating results and profitability and include the performance and liquidity measures defined below.
Effective January 1, 2020, the Partnership no longer presents the non-GAAP performance measure of Adjusted EBITDA, as management no longer relies on this financial measure when evaluating the Partnership’s performance and does not believe it enhances the users understanding of its financial statements in a useful manner.
The following are non-GAAP measures we present for the year ended December 31, 2020:
EBITDA - Net income (loss) before (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit) and (iii) depreciation and amortization expense.
Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities to EBITDA - Net cash provided by operating activities reduced by (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit), (iii) change in working capital, and (iv) other non-cash adjustments.
Available Cash for Distribution - EBITDA for the quarter excluding non-cash income or expense items (if any), for which adjustment is deemed necessary or appropriate by the board of directors (the “Board”) of our general partner in its sole discretion, less (i) reserves for maintenance capital expenditures, debt service and other contractual obligations, and (ii) reserves for future operating or capital needs (if any), in each case, that the Board deems necessary or appropriate in its sole discretion. Available cash for distribution may be increased by the release of previously established cash reserves, if any, and other excess cash, at the discretion of the Board.
We present these measures because we believe they may help investors, analysts, lenders, and ratings agencies analyze our results of operations and liquidity in conjunction with our U.S. GAAP results, including, but not limited to, our operating performance as compared to other publicly traded companies in the fertilizer industry, without regard to historical cost basis or financing methods, and our ability to incur and service debt and fund capital expenditures. Non-GAAP measures have important limitations as analytical tools, because they exclude some, but not all, items that affect net earnings and operating income. These measures should not be considered substitutes for their most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” included herein for reconciliation of these amounts. Due to rounding, numbers presented within this section may not add or equal to numbers or totals presented elsewhere within this document.
Factors Affecting Comparability of Our Financial Results
Our historical results of operations for the periods presented may not be comparable with prior periods or to our results of operations in the future for the reasons discussed below.
Major Scheduled Turnaround Activities
Overall, our results are negatively impacted by lost production during downtime that results in lost sales and certain reduced variable expenses included in Cost of materials and other and Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The year ended December 31, 2020 had no planned turnarounds. The effects of the planned, full facility
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turnarounds completed during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, exclusive of the impacts due to lost production during the turnaround downtime, are shown below:
Facility Related Period Turnaround Downtime Turnaround Expense
(in thousands)
Estimated Lost Production
(in tons of Ammonia)
East Dubuque 2019 - 3rd/4th Quarter 32 days 9,842 33,706
Coffeyville 2018 - 2nd Quarter 15 days 6,399 21,450
Goodwill Impairment
As of December 31, 2019, the Partnership had a goodwill balance of $41.0 million associated with our Coffeyville Facility reporting unit for which the estimated fair value had been in excess of carrying value based on our 2018 and 2019 assessments. As a result of lower expectations for market conditions in the fertilizer industry, the market performance of the Partnership’s common units, a qualitative analysis, and additional risks associated with the business, the Partnership concluded a triggering event had occurred that required an interim quantitative impairment assessment of goodwill for this reporting unit as of June 30, 2020. Significant assumptions inherent in the valuation methodologies for goodwill include, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, discount rates, inflationary factors, and cost of capital. The results of the impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit exceeded the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, and a full impairment of the asset was required. No such charge was recognized during 2019.
Insurance Recovery
During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Partnership recognized a $6.1 million business interruption insurance recovery associated with an outage at the Coffeyville Facility during 2017. The recovery is recorded in Other income, net. No such income was recognized in 2020 or 2019.
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Reconciliation of Net Loss to EBITDA
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Net loss $ (98,181) $ (34,969) $ (50,027)
Add:
Interest expense, net 63,428 62,636 62,588
Income tax expense (benefit) 30 (18) (46)
Depreciation and amortization 76,077 79,839 71,575
EBITDA $ 41,354 $ 107,488 $ 84,090
Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities to EBITDA
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 19,740 $ 39,157 $ 32,234
Non-cash items:
Goodwill impairment (40,969) - -
Other (6,630) (10,503) (8,430)
Adjustments:
Interest expense, net 63,428 62,636 62,588
Income tax expense (benefit) 30 (18) (46)
Change in assets and liabilities 5,755 16,216 (2,256)
EBITDA $ 41,354 $ 107,488 $ 84,090
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Reconciliation of EBITDA to Available Cash for Distribution
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
EBITDA $ 41,354 $ 107,488 $ 84,090
Non-cash items:
Goodwill impairment 40,969 - -
Current reserves for amounts related to:
Debt service (59,995) (59,997) (59,372)
Maintenance capital expenditures (11,649) (18,247) (14,870)
Common units repurchased (7,076) - -
Other (reserves for) / releases of amounts reserved for:
Future turnarounds (4,500) - -
Repayment of current portion of long-term debt (2,240) - -
Recapture of prior negative available cash (5,917) - -
Future operating needs (5,308) (28,000) -
Major scheduled expenditures 2,567 - -
Previously established cash reserves - 25,433 -
Available cash for distribution (1) (2) $ (11,795) $ 26,677 $ 9,848
Common units outstanding 11,195 11,328 11,328
(1)Amount represents the cumulative available cash based on full year results. However, available cash for distribution is calculated quarterly, with distributions (if any) being paid in the period following declaration.
(2)The Partnership paid no cash distributions for the fourth quarter of 2019 or the first three quarters of 2020. No distributions were declared for the fourth quarter of 2020.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal source of liquidity has historically been and continues to be cash from operations, which can include cash advances from customers resulting from prepay contracts. Our principal uses of cash are for working capital, capital expenditures, funding our debt service obligations, and paying distributions to our unitholders, as further discussed below.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a significant and swift reduction in U.S. economic activity. These effects have caused significant volatility and disruption of the financial markets, and we have observed adverse impacts to our business and financial performance, of which the nature and extent of such impacts remains uncertain. This period of extreme economic disruption, including business closures in the restaurant and food supply industries, idling of ethanol facilities, and limitations on the availability of the workforce, including farmers in the agricultural industry, may continue to have an impact on our business, results of operations, and access to sources of liquidity. In view of the uncertainty of the depth and extent of the contraction in the U.S. economy and potential impact on the demand for our fertilizer products, we took proactive actions in 2020 to address the impacts we may experience in our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition, including the following:
•The deferment of the Coffeyville Facility turnaround from the fall of 2020 to the summer of 2021, enabled by certain maintenance we proactively performed during the first quarter of 2020, and the East Dubuque Facility turnaround from 2021 to 2022;
•A reduction in the amount of maintenance capital expenditures in 2020 to only include those projects which are a priority to support continuing safe and reliable operations, or which we consider are critical to support future activities; and
•The amendment of the ABL Credit Agreement extending its term to September 30, 2022, optimizing the borrowing capacity and fee structure, and revising certain provisions to provide an improved credit facility for the Partnership.
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When paired with the actions outlined above and prudently managing our operating costs and capital expenditures in 2021, we believe that our cash from operations and existing cash and cash equivalents, along with borrowings, as necessary, under the ABL Credit Agreement, formerly the AB Credit Facility, will be sufficient to satisfy anticipated cash requirements associated with our existing operations for at least the next 12 months. However, our future capital expenditures and other cash requirements could be higher than we currently expect as a result of various factors. Additionally, our ability to generate sufficient cash from our operating activities and secure additional financing depends on our future performance, which is subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, and other factors, some of which may be beyond our control.
Depending on the needs of our business, contractual limitations, and market conditions, we may from time to time seek to issue equity securities, incur additional debt, issue debt securities, or otherwise refinance our existing debt. There can be no assurance that we will seek to do any of the foregoing or that we will be able to do any of the foregoing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
We do not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined within the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Cash and Other Liquidity
As of December 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $30.6 million, including $7.6 million of customer advances. Combined with $20.1 million available under our ABL Credit Agreement, we had total liquidity of $50.7 million as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, we had $37.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, including $9.1 million of customer advances.
December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
9.25% Senior Notes, due June 2023 $ 645,000 $ 645,000
6.50% Senior Notes, due April 2021, net of current portion (1) - 2,240
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (11,058) (14,834)
Total long-term debt 633,942 632,406
Current portion of long-term debt (1) 2,240 -
Total long-term debt, including current portion $ 636,182 $ 632,406
(1)The 6.50% Notes, due April 2021, mature within 12 months, and, therefore, the outstanding balance of $2.2 million has been classified as short-term debt as of December 31, 2020.
The Partnership and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all applicable covenants under their respective debt instruments as of December 31, 2020. Refer to Note 5 (“Long-Term Debt”) in Part II, Item 8 for further information.
Capital Spending
We divide capital spending needs into two categories: maintenance and growth. Maintenance capital spending includes non-discretionary maintenance projects and projects required to comply with environmental, health, and safety regulations. Growth capital projects generally involve an expansion of existing capacity and/or a reduction in direct operating expenses. We undertake growth capital spending based on the expected return on incremental capital employed.
Our total capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, along with our estimated expenditures for 2021 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, Estimated
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2021
Maintenance capital $ 11,651 $ 18,247 $18,000 - 20,000
Growth capital 4,780 2,027 5,000 - 6,000
Total capital expenditures $ 16,431 $ 20,274 $23,000 - 26,000
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In light of the changing environment and proactive maintenance performed during several outages at the third-party owned and operated air separation unit at our Coffeyville Facility during the first quarter of 2020, we moved our turnaround from the previously planned timeframe of the fall of 2020 to the fall of 2021, with an estimated cost of $7 to $9 million. We will continue to monitor market conditions and make adjustments, if needed, to our current capital spending or turnaround plans. Our estimated capital expenditures are subject to change due to unanticipated changes in the cost, scope, and completion time for capital projects. For example, we may experience unexpected changes in labor or equipment costs necessary to comply with government regulations or to complete projects that sustain or improve the profitability of the nitrogen fertilizer facilities. We may also accelerate or defer some capital expenditures from time to time.
Distributions to Unitholders
The current policy of the Board is to distribute all Available Cash the Partnership generated on a quarterly basis. Available Cash for each quarter will be determined by the Board following the end of such quarter. Available Cash for each quarter is calculated as EBITDA for the quarter excluding non-cash income or expense items (if any), for which adjustment is deemed necessary or appropriate by the Board in its sole discretion, less (i) reserves for maintenance capital expenditures, debt service and other contractual obligations, and (ii) reserves for future operating or capital needs (if any), in each case, that the Board deems necessary or appropriate in its sole discretion. Available cash for distribution may be increased by the release of previously established cash reserves, if any, and other excess cash, at the discretion of the Board.
The Partnership did not pay distributions for the year ended December 31, 2020 or December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Partnership paid distributions totaling $4.00 per common unit on a split-adjusted basis, or $45.3 million. Of these distributions, CVR Energy received $15.6 million.
Capital Structure
On May 6, 2020, the Board, on behalf of the Partnership, authorized a unit repurchase program (the “Unit Repurchase Program”). The Unit Repurchase Program enables the Partnership to repurchase up to $10 million of the Partnership’s common units. Repurchases under the Unit Repurchase Program may be made from time-to-time through open market transactions, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise in accordance with applicable securities laws. The timing, price, and amount of repurchases (if any) will be made at the discretion of management of our general partner and are subject to market conditions, as well as corporate, regulatory, and other considerations.
On November 2, 2020, the Partnership announced that the Board had approved a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Partnership’s common units that was completed on November 23, 2020, pursuant to which each ten common units of the Partnership were converted into one common unit of the Partnership (the “Reverse Unit Split”). In accordance with the Partnership’s Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended (the “Partnership Agreement”), following the Reverse Unit Split, any fractional units of record holders were rounded up or down, as applicable, to the nearest whole common unit, with any fraction equal to or above 0.5 common units rounding up to the next higher common unit. Following the Reverse Unit Split, the number of common units outstanding decreased from approximately 111 million common units to approximately 11 million common units, with proportionate adjustments to the common units under the Partnership’s long-term incentive plan and outstanding awards thereunder. See Note 1 (“Organization and Nature of Business”) in Part II, Item 8 for a discussion regarding the delisting of the NYSE.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, on a split-adjusted basis, the Partnership repurchased 623,177 common units on the open market in accordance with a unit repurchase agreement under Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 of the Exchange Act at a cost of $7.1 million, inclusive of transaction costs, or an average price of $11.35 per common unit. At December 31, 2020, the Partnership had $2.9 million in authority remaining under the Unit Repurchase Program. On February 22, 2021, the Board authorized an additional $10 million for the Unit Repurchase Program. This Unit Repurchase Program does not obligate the Partnership to acquire any common units and may be cancelled, terminated, extended or increased by the Board at any time.
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Cash Flows
The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated below:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ 19,740 $ 39,157 $ 32,234
Investing activities (18,550) (18,529) (19,631)
Financing activities (7,625) (45,410) -
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (6,435) $ (24,782) $ 12,603
Operating Activities
The change in net cash flows from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 is primarily due to unfavorable changes in operating results, excluding non-cash items, of $29.9 million, partially offset by favorable changes in working capital of $10.7 million, and unfavorable changes in non-current assets and liabilities of $0.2 million.
Investing Activities
The change in net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 was primarily attributed to the increase in capital expenditures of $0.2 million, related to growth spending on the Coffeyville Facility’s urea capacity upgrade project in the current period and maintenance spending on the East Dubuque Facility’s reactor conversion revamp in the prior period, partially offset by a decrease in cash outflows of $0.3 million from the purchase of land during the year ended December 31, 2019 with no corresponding amounts paid in 2020, and a decrease in cash inflows of $0.1 million from proceeds on the sale of assets.
Financing Activities
The change in net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 was the result of cash distributions paid to unitholders of $45.3 million during 2019 compared to cash used for repurchase of common units of $7.1 million and payment of deferred financing costs of $0.4 million related to the ABL Credit Agreement amendment entered into during 2020.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) in Part II, Item 8 for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to the Partnership.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requiring management to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates based on the best available information at the time. Accounting estimates are considered to be critical if (1) the nature of the estimates and assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and (2) the impact of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition or operating performance is material. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.
Inventory Valuation
The cost of our fertilizer product inventories is determined under the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Our FIFO inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We compare the estimated realizable value of inventories to their cost by product at each of our facilities. Depending on inventory levels, the per-ton realizable value of our fertilizer products is estimated using pricing on in-transit orders, pricing for open, fixed-price orders that have not shipped, and, if
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volumes remain unaccounted for, current management pricing estimates for fertilizer products. Management’s estimate for current pricing reflects up-to-date pricing in each facility’s market as of the end of each reporting period. Reductions to selling prices for unreimbursed freight costs are included to arrive at net realizable value, as applicable. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized a loss on inventory to reflect net realizable value of $0.7 million. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no adjustment. Due to the amount and variability in volume of fertilizer product inventories maintained, changes in production costs, and the volatility of market pricing for fertilizer products, losses recognized to reflect fertilizer product inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value could have a material impact on the Partnership’s results of operations.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets and Goodwill
Long-lived assets used in operations are assessed for impairment whenever changes in facts and circumstances indicate a possible significant deterioration in future expected cash flows. If the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows of an asset group is less than the carrying value, including applicable liabilities, the carrying value is written down to its estimated fair value. Individual assets are grouped for impairment purposes based on a judgmental assessment of the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets (for example, at a fertilizer facility level).
The Partnership tests goodwill for impairment annually on November 1 of each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. One of our reporting units, the Coffeyville Facility, had a goodwill balance of $41.0 million at December 31, 2019. During the second quarter of 2020, following completion of the spring planting season, the market pricing for ammonia and UAN, which are the facility’s two primary products, experienced significant pricing declines driven by updated market expectations around supply and demand fundamentals which were expected to continue into the second half of 2020. Additionally, significant uncertainty remained as to the nature and extent of impacts to be seen on the overall demand for corn and soybean given reduced ethanol production and broader economic conditions which had negatively impacted demand. Therefore, in connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2020, given the pricing declines experienced in the second quarter of 2020, further muting of our near-term economic recovery assumptions, including management’s revised forecasts for product pricing in 2020 and beyond, and market price performance of our common units, we concluded an impairment indicator was present and a triggering event under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, had occurred as of June 30, 2020 and an interim quantitative impairment assessment was performed. Significant assumptions inherent in the valuation methodologies for goodwill included, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, discount rates, inflationary factors, and cost of capital. Based on the interim quantitative analysis, it was determined that the estimated fair value of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit did not exceed its carrying value. As a result, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $41.0 million during 2020. There is no goodwill remaining as of December 31, 2020.
We performed our annual impairment reviews of goodwill for 2019 and 2018, on November 1 of each such year and concluded no impairments. For the period ended December 31, 2019, we performed a qualitative assessment and concluded there were no events or circumstances which would trigger the performance of a quantitative analysis after reviewing all factors impacting the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit, including improved market conditions and financial results in 2019 as compared to the financial forecasts from those used in the fair value analysis at December 31, 2018, where the estimated fair value of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 36% based upon the results of our quantitative goodwill impairment test.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to significant market risk due to potential changes in prices for fertilizer products and natural gas. Natural gas is the primary raw material used in the production of various nitrogen-based products manufactured at our East Dubuque Facility. We have commitments to purchase natural gas for use in our East Dubuque Facility at the spot market and through short-term, fixed supply, fixed price, and index price purchase contracts.
In the normal course of business, we produce nitrogen-based fertilizer products throughout the year to supply the needs of our customers during the high-delivery-volume spring and fall seasons. The value of fertilizer product inventory is subject to
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market risk due to fluctuations in the relevant commodity prices. Prices of nitrogen fertilizer products can be volatile. We believe that market prices of nitrogen products are affected by changes in grain prices and demand, natural gas prices, and other factors. In the opinion of our management, there is no derivative financial instrument that correlates effectively with, and has a trading volume sufficient to hedge, our firm commitments and forecasted commodity sales transactions.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors of CVR GP, LLC
The Unitholders of CVR Partners, LP
The General Partner of CVR Partners, LP:
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CVR Partners, LP (a Delaware limited partnership) and subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, partners’ capital, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Partnership as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 23, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Partnership’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical audit matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Goodwill Impairment Assessment
As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, annually or as facts or circumstances may dictate, management performs a valuation of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit to determine if a goodwill impairment exists. During the second quarter of 2020 following the completion of the spring planting season and observation of certain market and other conditions described in Note 2, the Partnership concluded a triggering event occurred and performed an interim quantitative impairment assessment. The identification of a triggering event and the determination of the fair value of the reporting unit required management to make significant estimates and develop assumptions related to cash flow forecasts using estimates of future nitrogen fertilizer product pricing, volumes to be sold, costs to be incurred for key process inputs and other operating expenses
December 31, 2020 | 46
as well as estimating appropriate discount rates and growth rates for future periods. Changes in these assumptions could have had a significant impact on the identification of a triggering event as well as the reporting unit’s estimated fair value. As a result of the quantitative impairment assessment, a full goodwill impairment of $41.0 million was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020.
We identified the goodwill impairment assessment of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination that the goodwill impairment assessment is a critical audit matter was the degree of complexity and subjectivity inherent in determining management’s estimates.
Our audit procedures related to the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit’s goodwill impairment assessment included the following, among others:
•We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management’s processes and controls over the identification of a triggering event and the fair value assessment of the Coffeyville reporting unit.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of a triggering event by considering the current market conditions following the completion of the spring planting season as well as the economic uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of future nitrogen fertilizer pricing assumptions by comparing the prices used by management to current industry and economic trends considering the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as comparing those prices to the historical performance of the Coffeyville reporting unit, performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the change in the fair value estimates that would result from changes in those price assumptions, and recalculated management’s estimates.
•We compared forecasted sales volumes and expenses to historical operating results.
•We utilized valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge to assist in evaluating the Coffeyville Facility’s discounted cash flow model and guideline public company methods and certain significant assumptions, including the discount rate, terminal growth rate, and cost of capital.
•We evaluated whether the assumptions used were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
We have served as the Partnership’s auditor since 2013.
Houston, Texas
February 23, 2021
December 31, 2020 | 47
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors of CVR GP, LLC
The Unitholders of CVR Partners, LP
The General Partner of CVR Partners, LP:
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of CVR Partners, LP (a Delaware limited partnership) and subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Partnership maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Partnership as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, and our report dated February 23, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for opinion
The Partnership’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Houston, Texas
February 23, 2021
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 30,559 $ 36,994
Accounts receivable
36,896 34,264
Inventories
42,349 48,296
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
8,410 5,406
Total current assets
118,214 124,960
Property, plant, and equipment, net 897,847 951,959
Goodwill - 40,969
Other long-term assets
16,819 20,067
Total assets
$ 1,032,880 $ 1,137,955
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt
$ 2,240 $ -
Accounts payable
19,544 21,069
Accounts payable to affiliates
5,217 2,578
Deferred revenue
30,631 27,841
Other current liabilities
18,709 24,043
Total current liabilities
76,341 75,531
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, net of current portion
633,942 632,406
Other long-term liabilities
8,356 10,474
Total long-term liabilities
642,298 642,880
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 8)
Partners’ capital:
Common unitholders, 10,705,710 and 11,328,297 units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
314,240 419,543
General partner interest
1 1
Total partners’ capital
314,241 419,544
Total liabilities and partners’ capital $ 1,032,880 $ 1,137,955
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per unit data) 2020 2019 2018
Net sales $ 349,953 $ 404,177 $ 351,082
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of materials and other
91,117 94,103 88,461
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
157,916 173,629 159,319
Depreciation and amortization
76,077 79,839 71,575
Cost of sales 325,110 347,571 319,355
Selling, general and administrative expenses
18,174 25,829 25,023
Loss on asset disposals
582 3,397 390
Goodwill impairment 40,969 - -
Operating (loss) income (34,882) 27,380 6,314
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net
(63,428) (62,636) (62,588)
Other income, net
159 269 6,201
Loss before income taxes (98,151) (34,987) (50,073)
Income tax expense (benefit) 30 (18) (46)
Net loss $ (98,181) $ (34,969) $ (50,027)
Net loss per common unit - basic and diluted
$ (8.77) $ (3.09) $ (4.42)
Distributions declared per common unit
- 4.00 -
Weighted-average common units outstanding:
Basic and Diluted 11,195 11,328 11,328
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
(in thousands, except unit data) Common Units General
Partner
Interest
Total Partners’ Capital
Issued
Amount
Balance at December 31, 2017 11,328,297 $ 549,852 $ 1 $ 549,853
Net loss
- (50,027) - (50,027)
Balance at December 31, 2018 11,328,297 499,825 1 499,826
Cash distributions to common unitholders - Affiliates
- (15,568) - (15,568)
Cash distributions to common unitholders - Non-affiliates
- (29,745) - (29,745)
Net loss
- (34,969) - (34,969)
Balance at December 31, 2019 11,328,297 419,543 1 419,544
Net loss
- (98,181) - (98,181)
Repurchase of common units
(623,177) (7,076) - (7,076)
Fractional unit impact of reverse unit split
590 - - -
Other - (46) - (46)
Balance at December 31, 2020 10,705,710 $ 314,240 $ 1 $ 314,241
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (98,181) $ (34,969) $ (50,027)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 76,077 79,839 71,575
Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discount 4,049 3,666 3,333
Goodwill impairment 40,969 - -
Loss on asset disposals 582 3,397 390
Share-based compensation 1,035 3,445 3,017
Other adjustments 964 (5) 1,690
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 2,892 936 (6,698)
Inventories 538 9,914 (8,670)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (4,514) 1,582 (1,196)
Accounts payable (1,635) (8,077) 5,215
Deferred revenue (1,612) (14,575) 10,828
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (1,726) (6,542) 1,367
Other long-term assets and liabilities 302 546 1,410
Net cash provided by operating activities 19,740 39,157 32,234
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (18,598) (18,656) (19,806)
Proceeds from the sale of assets 48 127 175
Net cash used in investing activities (18,550) (18,529) (19,631)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repurchase of common units (7,076) - -
Cash distributions to common unitholders - Affiliates
- (15,568) -
Cash distribution to common unitholders - Non-affiliates - (29,745) -
Payment of deferred financing costs (448) - -
Other financing activities (101) (97) -
Net cash used in financing activities (7,625) (45,410) -
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (6,435) (24,782) 12,603
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 36,994 61,776 49,173
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 30,559 $ 36,994 $ 61,776
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Organization and Nature of Business
CVR Partners, LP (“CVR Partners” or the “Partnership”) is a Delaware limited partnership formed by CVR Energy, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, but excluding the Partnership and its subsidiaries, “CVR Energy”) to own, operate and grow its nitrogen fertilizer business. The Partnership produces nitrogen fertilizer products at two manufacturing facilities, which are located in Coffeyville, Kansas (the “Coffeyville Facility”) and East Dubuque, Illinois (the “East Dubuque Facility”). Both facilities manufacture ammonia and are able to further upgrade to other nitrogen fertilizer products, principally urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”). Nitrogen fertilizer is used by farmers to improve the yield and quality of their crops, primarily corn and wheat. The Partnership’s products are sold on a wholesale basis in the United States of America. As used in these financial statements, references to CVR Partners, the Partnership, “we”, “us”, and “our” may refer to consolidated subsidiaries of CVR Partners or one or both of the facilities, as the context may require.
NYSE Listing Requirements and Reverse Unit Split
The Partnership’s common units are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “UAN.” On April 20, 2020, the average closing price of the Partnership’s common units over a 30 consecutive trading-day period fell below $1.00 per common unit, resulting in noncompliance with the continued listing standards in Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. The Partnership received written notification of this noncompliance from the NYSE on April 22, 2020, and had until January 1, 2021 to regain compliance or be subject to the NYSE’s suspension and delisting procedures.
On November 2, 2020, the Partnership announced that the board of directors of its general partner (the “Board”) had approved a 1-for-10 reverse split of the Partnership’s common units that was completed on November 23, 2020, pursuant to which each ten common units of the Partnership were converted into one common unit of the Partnership (the “Reverse Unit Split”). In accordance with the Partnership’s Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended (the “Partnership Agreement”), following the Reverse Unit Split, any fractional units of record holders were rounded up or down, as applicable, to the nearest whole common unit, with any fraction equal to or above 0.5 common units rounding up to the next higher common unit. Following the Reverse Unit Split, the number of common units outstanding decreased from approximately 111 million common units to approximately 11 million common units, with proportionate adjustments to the common units under the Partnership’s long-term incentive plan and outstanding awards thereunder.
The Partnership’s common units began trading on a split-adjusted basis when markets opened on November 24, 2020, under the symbol “UAN” and a new CUSIP number. As of November 30, 2020, the Reverse Unit Split enabled the Partnership to regain compliance with NYSE listing requirements ahead of the January 1, 2021 deadline. All references to common units and per unit amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes related thereto have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Reverse Unit Split for all periods presented.
Interest Holders
As of December 31, 2020, public common unit holders held approximately 64% of the Partnership’s outstanding limited partner interests; CVR Services, LLC (“CVR Services”) (formerly Coffeyville Resources, LLC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, held approximately 36% of the Partnership’s outstanding limited partner interests; and CVR GP, LLC (“CVR GP” or the “general partner”), a wholly owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, held 100% of the Partnership’s general partner interest. As of December 31, 2020, Icahn Enterprises L.P. (“IEP”) and its affiliates owned approximately 71% of the common stock of CVR Energy.
Unit Repurchase Program
On May 6, 2020, the Board, on behalf of the Partnership, authorized a unit repurchase program (the “Unit Repurchase Program”). The Unit Repurchase Program enables the Partnership to repurchase up to $10 million of the Partnership’s common units. Repurchases under the Unit Repurchase Program may be made from time-to-time through open market transactions, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise in accordance with applicable securities laws. The timing, price, and amount of repurchases (if any) will be made at the discretion of management of our general partner and are subject to market conditions, as well as corporate, regulatory, and other considerations. During the year ended December 31, 2020, adjusted to reflect the impact of the Reverse Unit Split, the Partnership repurchased 623,177 common units on the open market
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
in accordance with a repurchase agreement under Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 of the Exchange Act at a cost of $7.1 million, inclusive of transaction costs, or an average price of $11.35 per common unit. At December 31, 2020, the Partnership had $2.9 million in authority remaining under the Unit Repurchase Program. On February 22, 2021, the Board authorized an additional $10 million for the Unit Repurchase Program. This Unit Repurchase Program does not obligate the Partnership to acquire any common units and may be cancelled or terminated by the Board at any time.
Management and Operations
The Partnership, including CVR GP, is led by the Board, and its committees and managed by the general partner’s executive officers, CVR Services (as sole member of the general partner), and certain officers of CVR Energy and its subsidiaries, pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, as well as a number of agreements between the Partnership, CVR GP, CVR Energy, and certain of their respective subsidiaries, including a service agreement. See Note 9 (“Related Party Transactions”) for further discussion. Common unitholders have limited voting rights on matters affecting the Partnership and have no right to elect the general partner’s directors or officers, whether on an annual or continuing basis or otherwise.
Subsequent Events
The Partnership evaluated subsequent events, if any, that would require an adjustment to the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements or require disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements through the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Where applicable, the notes to these consolidated financial statements have been updated to discuss all significant subsequent events which have occurred.
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), include the accounts of CVR Partners and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made within the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 to conform with current presentation. Catalyst inventory with a value of $5.6 million as of December 31, 2019 was reclassified in the first quarter of 2020 to Other long-term assets to conform to current presentation.
Use of Estimates
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are reviewed on an ongoing basis, based on currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates and actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit, investments in highly liquid money market accounts, and debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less.
Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net primarily consist of customer accounts receivable recorded at the invoiced amounts and generally do not bear interest. Also included within Accounts Receivable are unbilled fixed price contracts which is discussed further within Note 6 (“Revenue”).
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Allowances for doubtful accounts are generally recorded when it becomes probable the receivable will not be collected and is booked to bad debt expense. The largest concentration of credit for any one customer was approximately 20% and 18% of the net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Bad debt expense was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. A recovery was recognized during the year ended 2018 of $1.1 million related to bad debt expense previously written off.
Inventories
Inventories consist of fertilizer products which are valued at the lower of FIFO cost, or net realizable value. Inventories also include raw materials (primarily gauze, natural gas, and pet coke) and parts and supplies that are valued at the lower of moving-average cost, which approximates FIFO, or net realizable value. The cost of inventories includes inbound freight costs.
Inventories consisted of the following:
December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Finished goods $ 9,815 $ 17,612
Raw materials 152 243
Parts, supplies and other 32,382 30,441
Total Inventories $ 42,349 $ 48,296
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, inventories included depreciation of approximately $2.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively.
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Additions to property, plant and equipment, including capitalized interest and certain costs allocable to construction and property purchases, are recorded at cost. Expenditures for improvements that increase economic benefit or returns and/or extend useful life are capitalized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of depreciable assets. The lives used in computing depreciation for significant asset classes are as follows:
Asset Range of Useful
Lives, in Years
Land and improvements 10 to 30
Buildings and improvements 3 to 30
Automotive equipment 5 to 30
Machinery and equipment 2 to 30
Other 3 to 10
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following:
December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Machinery and equipment $ 1,388,735 $ 1,378,651
Buildings and improvements 17,598 17,221
Automotive equipment 16,608 16,691
Land and improvements 14,132 14,075
Construction in progress 12,098 5,198
Other 1,721 1,752
1,450,892 1,433,588
Less: Accumulated depreciation 553,045 481,629
Total Property, plant and equipment, net $ 897,847 $ 951,959
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Leasehold improvements and assets held under finance leases are depreciated or amortized on the straight-line method over the shorter of the contractual lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repair costs are expensed when incurred. Such expenses are reported in Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the Partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of December 31, 2020, the Partnership had not identified the existence of an impairment indicator for our long-lived asset groups as outlined under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.
Leases
At inception, the Partnership determines whether an arrangement is a lease and the appropriate lease classification. Operating leases are included as operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets within Other long-term assets and lease liabilities within Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance leases are included as ROU finance leases within Property, plant, and equipment, net, and finance lease liabilities within Other current liabilities and Long-term debt, net of current portion on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leases with an initial expected term of 12 months or less are considered short-term and are not recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Partnership recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.
ROU assets represent the Partnership’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of minimum lease payments over the lease term. The lease term is modified to reflect options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain we will exercise such option. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise, in which case the depreciation policy in the “Property, Plant and Equipment, net” section above is applicable. The periodic lease payments are treated as payments of the lease obligation and interest is recorded as interest expense.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill
Long-lived assets used in operations are assessed for impairment whenever changes in facts and circumstances indicate a possible significant deterioration in future expected cash flows. If the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows of an asset group is less than the carrying value, including applicable liabilities, the carrying value is written down to its estimated fair value. Individual assets are grouped for impairment purposes based on a judgmental assessment of the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets (for example, at a fertilizer facility level).
The Partnership tests goodwill for impairment annually impairment annually on November 1 of each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. One of the Partnership’s reporting units, the Coffeyville Facility, had a goodwill balance of $41.0 million at December 31, 2019. During the second quarter of 2020, following completion of the spring planting season, the market pricing for ammonia and UAN, which are the facility’s two primary products, experienced significant pricing declines driven by updated market expectations around supply and demand fundamentals which were expected to continue into the second half of 2020. Additionally, significant uncertainty remained as to the nature and extent of impacts to be seen on the overall demand for corn and soybean given reduced ethanol production and broader economic conditions which had negatively impacted demand. Therefore, in connection with the preparation of the financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2020, given the pricing declines experienced in the second quarter of 2020, further muting of the Partnership’s near-term economic recovery assumptions, including revised forecasts for product pricing in 2020 and beyond, and market price performance of the Partnership’s common units, the Partnership concluded an impairment indicator was present and a triggering event under ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, had occurred as of June 30, 2020 and an interim quantitative impairment assessment was performed. Significant assumptions inherent in the valuation methodologies for goodwill included, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, discount rates, inflationary factors, and cost of capital. Based on the interim quantitative analysis, it was determined that the estimated fair value of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit did not exceed its carrying value. As a result, the Partnership recorded a full non-cash impairment charge of $41.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020. There was no goodwill remaining as of December 31, 2020.
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CVR Partners, LP and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The Partnership performed the annual impairment reviews of goodwill for 2019 and 2018 and concluded no impairments. For the period ended December 31, 2019, the Partnership performed a qualitative assessment and concluded there were no events or circumstances which would trigger the performance of a quantitative analysis after reviewing all factors impacting the Coffeyville Facility, including improved market conditions and financial results in 2019 as compared to the financial forecasts from those used in the fair value analysis at December 31, 2018 where the estimated fair value of the Coffeyville Facility reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 36% based upon the results of the Partnership’s quantitative goodwill impairment test.
Loss Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, CVR Partners may become party to lawsuits, administrative proceedings, and governmental investigations, including environmental, regulatory, and other matters. The outcome of these matters cannot always be predicted accurately, but the Partnership accrues liabilities for these matters if the Partnership has determined that it is probable a loss has been incurred and the loss can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there are no matters or contingencies that require recognition or disclosure.
The Partnership is subject to various stringent federal, state, and local environmental, health, and safety rules and regulations. Liabilities related to future remediation costs of past environmental contamination of properties are recognized when the related costs are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of these costs are based upon currently available facts, internal and third-party assessments of contamination, available remediation technology, site-specific costs, and currently enacted laws and regulations. In reporting environmental liabilities, no offset is made for potential recoveries. Loss contingency accruals, including those for environmental remediation, are subject to revision as further information develops or circumstances change and such accruals can take into account the legal liability of other parties. Management periodically reviews and, as appropriate, revises its environmental accruals. Environmental expenditures for capital assets are capitalized at the time of the expenditure when such costs provide future economic benefits. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, no liabilities have been recognized for environmental remediation matters as no matters have been identified that are considered to be probable or estimable.
Revenue Recognition
The Partnership recognizes revenue based on consideration specified in contracts or agreements with customers when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control over products or services to a customer. The adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, resulted in the recognition of deferred revenue and related receivables, on a gross basis, associated with contracts that guarantee a price and supply of nitrogen fertilizer products in quantities expected to be delivered in the normal course of business.
Other accounting policies relevant to revenue include:
•Revenue transactions that pass control at customers’ designated facilities;
•Non-monetary product exchanges which are entered into in the normal course of business are included on a net cost basis in operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations; and
•Pass-through finished goods delivery costs reimbursed by customers are reported in net sales, while an offsetting expense is included in cost of materials and other.
Other considerations - Excise and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from reported revenues.
Cost Classifications
Cost of materials and other consist primarily of freight and distribution expenses, feedstock expenses, purchased ammonia, and purchased hydrogen. Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) consist primarily of energy and other utility costs, direct costs of labor, property taxes, plant-related maintenance services, including turnaround, and environmental and safety compliance costs, as well as catalyst and chemical costs. Each of these financial statement line items are also impacted by changes in inventory balances. Direct operating expenses also include allocated share-based compensation from CVR Energy and its subsidiaries, as discussed in Note 7 (“Share-Based Compensation”). Selling, general and
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
administrative expenses consist primarily of legal expenses, treasury, accounting, marketing, human resources, information technology, and maintaining the corporate and administrative offices in Texas and Kansas.
Share-Based Compensation
The Partnership accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Currently, all of the Partnership’s share-based compensation awards are liability-classified and are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period based on the applicable closing unit price. Compensation expense will fluctuate based on changes in the applicable unit price value and expense reversals resulting from employee terminations prior to award vesting. See Note 7 (“Share-Based Compensation”) for further discussion.
Income Taxes
CVR Partners accounts for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred amounts are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Allocation of Costs
CVR Energy and its subsidiaries provide a variety of services to the Partnership, including employee benefits provided through CVR Energy’s benefit plans, administrative services provided by CVR Energy’s employees and management, insurance, and office space leased by CVR Energy. As such, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include costs that have been incurred by CVR Energy on behalf of the Partnership. These amounts incurred by CVR Energy are then billed or allocated to the Partnership and are classified on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as either Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) or as Selling, general and administrative expenses. See Note 9 (“Related Party Transactions”) for a detailed discussion of the billing procedures and the basis for calculating the charges for specific products and services.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Adoption of Credit Losses Standard
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). The ASU replaces the incurred loss model with a current expected credit loss model for more timely recognition of expected impairment losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU with no material impact on the Partnership’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Adoption of Fair Value Measurement Standard
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The ASU eliminates such disclosures as the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain disclosures are required to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU with no material impact on the Partnership’s disclosures.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - New Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Implemented
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and modifies other areas of the topic to clarify the application of GAAP. Certain amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. This standard is effective for the Partnership beginning January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Partnership is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial
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statements, but does not currently expect adoption will have a material impact on the Partnership’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Partnership does not intend to early adopt this ASU.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). This ASU was issued because, by the end of 2021, banks will no longer be required to report information that is used to determine London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), which is used globally by all types of entities. As a result, LIBOR could be discontinued, as well as other interest rates used globally. ASU 2020-04 provides companies with optional expedients for contract modifications under Topics 310, 470, 842, and 815-15, excluded components of certain hedging relationships, fair value hedges, and cash flow hedges, as well as certain exceptions, which are intended to help ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from these reference rates. Companies can apply the ASU immediately. However, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). The Partnership is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10, Codification Improvements. The ASU amends various sections of the codification in the Boards ongoing efforts to simplify and improve guidance. This standard is effective for the Partnership beginning January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Partnership is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements, but does not currently expect adoption will have a material impact on the Partnership’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Partnership does not intend to early adopt this ASU.
(3) Leases
Lease Overview
We lease railcars and certain facilities to support the Partnership’s operations. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 20 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments which are adjusted periodically for factors such as inflation. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Additionally, we do not have any lessor or sub-leasing arrangements.
Balance Sheet Summary at December 31, 2020 and 2019
The following tables summarize the ROU asset and lease liability balances for the Partnership’s operating and finance leases at December 31, 2020 and 2019:
December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Operating Leases:
ROU asset, net
Railcars $ 7,327 $ 10,826
Real estate and other 3,040 2,581
Lease liability
Railcars $ 7,696 $ 11,088
Real estate and other 867 228
Finance Leases:
ROU asset, net
Real estate and other $ 101 $ 201
Lease liability
Real estate and other $ 105 $ 205
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Lease Expense Summary for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
We recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized lease expense comprised of the following components:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Operating lease expense $ 4,113 $ 3,122
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU asset $ 101 $ 322
Interest expense on lease liability 6 10
Short-term lease expense, recognized within Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), was $0.4 million and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Lease Terms and Discount Rates
The following outlines the remaining lease terms and discount rates used in the measurement of the Partnership’s ROU assets and liabilities:
Year Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating Leases 2.9 3.4
Finance Leases 1.3 2.3
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating Leases 5.1 % 5.1 %
Finance Leases 4.0 % 3.9 %
Maturities of Lease Liabilities
The following summarizes the remaining minimum lease payments through maturity of the Partnership’s ROU assets and liabilities at December 31, 2020:
(in thousands) Operating Leases Finance Leases
2021 $ 3,672 $ 107
2022 3,236 -
2023 1,367 -
2024 684 -
2025 263 -
Thereafter - -
Total lease payments 9,222 107
Less: imputed interest (659) (2)
Total lease liability $ 8,563 $ 105
On July 31, 2020, the Partnership and Messer LLC (“Messer”) entered into an On-Site Product Supply Agreement (the “Messer Agreement”). Under the Messer Agreement, among other obligations, Messer is obligated to supply and make certain capital improvements during the term of the Messer Agreement, and the Partnership is obligated to take as available and pay for, oxygen, nitrogen, and compressed dry air from Messer’s facility. This arrangement for the Partnership’s purchase of oxygen, nitrogen, and dry air from Messer does not meet the definition of a lease under FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases, (“Topic 842”), as the Partnership does not expect to receive substantially all of the output of Messer’s on-site production from its air separation unit over the life of the Messer Agreement. The Messer Agreement also obligates Messer to install a new oxygen
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storage vessel and related equipment to be used solely by the Coffeyville Facility. The arrangement for the use of the oxygen storage vessel and related equipment meets the definition of a lease under Topic 842, as the Partnership will receive all output associated with the vessel. Based on terms outlined in the Messer Agreement, the Partnership expects the lease of the oxygen storage vessel to be classified as a financing lease with an amount between $20 and $25 million being capitalized upon lease commencement when the oxygen storage vessel is placed in service.
(4) Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities were as follows:
December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Personnel accruals $ 7,475 $ 8,187
Operating lease liabilities 3,309 3,523
Accrued interest 2,506 2,518
Sales incentives 2,215 1,614
Share-based compensation 442 5,011
Prepaid revenue contracts 197 277
Other accrued expenses and liabilities 2,565 2,913
Total other current liabilities $ 18,709 $ 24,043
Other current liabilities include amounts accrued by the Partnership and owed to CVR Energy and its affiliates of $5.4 million at December 31, 2019. The Partnership had no separate affiliate liabilities owed to CVR Energy and its affiliates at December 31, 2020, as allocation of affiliate accruals is part of the amount charged to the Partnership under the new Corporate Master Service Agreement, which became effective January 1, 2020 (the “Corporate MSA”). Refer to Note 9 (“Related Party Transactions”) for additional discussion.
(5) Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:
December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
9.25% Senior Secured Notes, due June 2023 (1)(2)
$ 645,000 $ 645,000
6.50% Senior Notes, due April 2021, net of current portion (3)
- $ 2,240
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (4) (11,058) (14,834)
Total long-term debt
633,942 632,406
Current portion of long-term debt (3) 2,240 -
Total long-term debt, including current portion
$ 636,182 $ 632,406
(1)This debt was issued at a $16.1 million discount which is being amortized, as interest expense, over the remaining term of the debt. Debt issuance costs associated with this debt totaled $9.4 million.
(2)The estimated fair value of total long-term debt outstanding was approximately $645.7 million and $673.8 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This estimate of fair value is a Level 2 measurement as it was determined by quotations obtained from a broker-dealer who makes a market in these and similar securities.
(3)The 6.50% Senior Notes, due April 2021, mature within 12 months, and, therefore, the outstanding balance of $2.2 million has been classified as short-term as of December 31, 2020.
(4)For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, amortization of the discount on debt and amortization of deferred financing costs reported as Interest expense, net totaled approximately $3.8 million, $3.4 million, and $3.1 million, respectively.
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Credit Agreements
(in thousands) Total Capacity Amount borrowed as of December 31, 2020 Outstanding Letters of Credit Available capacity as of December 31, 2020 Maturity Date
ABL Credit Agreement (1)(2)
$ 20,146 $ - $ - $ 20,146 September 30, 2022
(1)At the option of the borrowers, loans under the ABL Credit Agreement initially bear interest at an annual rate equal to (i) 1.00% plus a base rate, Thereafter, loans will bear interest (i) at such rates if our quarterly excess availability is greater than 50% and (ii) 1.50% plus a base rate, otherwise.
(2)The ABL Credit Agreement was amended on September 29, 2020 to, among other things, reduce the commitments thereunder to $35 million and extended the maturity date to September 30, 2022. Deferred financing costs of $0.4 million were capitalized related to this amendment and will be amortized from Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other long-term assets over the remaining term of the ABL Credit Agreement. Amortization expense was $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018.
9.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2023
On June 10, 2016, CVR Partners and CVR Nitrogen Finance Corporation (“CVR Nitrogen Finance”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Partners (together the “2023 Notes Issuers”), certain subsidiary guarantors named therein and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee and as collateral trustee, completed a private offering of $645 million aggregate principal amount of 9.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”). The 2023 Notes mature on June 15, 2023, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased by the issuers. Interest on the 2023 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The 2023 Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of the Partnership’s existing subsidiaries.
On or after June 15, 2019, the 2023 Notes Issuers may on any one or more occasions, redeem all or part of the 2023 Notes at the redemption prices set forth below expressed as a percentage of the principal amount of the 2023 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to the applicable redemption date.
12-month period beginning June 15, Percentage
2020 102.313%
2021 and thereafter 100%
The 2023 Notes contain customary covenants for a financing of this type that, among other things, restrict CVR Partners’ ability and the ability of certain of its subsidiaries to: (i) sell assets; (ii) pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase the Partnership’s units or redeem or repurchase its subordinated debt; (iii) make investments; (iv) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred units; (v) create or incur certain liens; (vi) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from the Partnerships’ restricted subsidiaries to the Partnership; (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the Partnerships’ assets; (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates; and (ix) create unrestricted subsidiaries. In addition, the indenture contains customary events of default, the occurrence of which would result in or permit the trustee or the holders of at least 25% of the 2023 Notes to cause the acceleration of the 2023 Notes, in addition to the pursuit of other available remedies.
ABL Credit Agreement
On September 29, 2020, CVR Partners amended the ABL Credit Agreement, a senior secured asset based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Credit Facility”) with a group of lenders and UBS AG (“UBS”), as administrative agent and collateral agent. The ABL Credit Amendment amended the aggregate principal amount of availability of up to $35 million with an incremental facility, which permits an increase in borrowings of up to $25 million in the aggregate subject to additional lender commitments and certain other conditions. The ABL Credit Amendment is scheduled to mature on September 30, 2022.
The Partnership is in compliance with all covenants of the 9.25% Senior Secured Notes, the 6.50% Senior Notes, and the ABL Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2020.
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(6) Revenue
The following table presents the Partnership’s revenue, disaggregated by major product:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Ammonia $ 94,117 $ 94,467 $ 66,254
UAN 198,258 251,199 222,329
Urea products 14,115 17,430 20,633
Net sales, exclusive of freight and other 306,490 363,096 309,216
Freight revenue 33,329 33,436 33,567
Other revenue 10,134 7,645 8,299
Net sales
$ 349,953 $ 404,177 $ 351,082
The Partnership sells its products on a wholesale basis under a contract or by purchase order. The Partnership’s contracts with customers generally contain fixed pricing and most have terms of less than one year. The Partnership recognizes revenue at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer. The customer acceptance point is stated in the contract and may be at one of the Partnership’s manufacturing facilities, at one of the Partnership’s off-site loading facilities, or at the customer’s designated facility. Freight revenue recognized by the Partnership represents the pass-through finished goods delivery costs incurred prior to customer acceptance and is reimbursed by customers. An offsetting expense for freight is included in Cost of materials and other. Qualifying taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenues.
Depending on the product sold and the type of contract, payments from customers are generally either due prior to delivery or within 15 to 30 days of product delivery.
The Partnership generally provides no warranty other than the implicit promise that goods delivered are free of liens and encumbrances and meet the agreed upon specifications. Product returns are rare, and as such, the Partnership does not record a specific warranty reserve or consider activities related to such warranty, if any, to be a separate performance obligation.
The Partnership has an immaterial amount of variable consideration for contracts with an original duration of less than a year. A small portion of the Partnership’s revenue includes contracts extending beyond one year, some of which contain variable pricing in which the majority of the variability is attributed to the market-based pricing. The Partnership’s contracts do not contain a significant financing component.
The Partnership has an immaterial amount of fee-based revenue, included in other revenue in the table above, that is recognized based on the net amount of the proceeds received.
Transaction Price - Allocation to Remaining Performance Obligations
As of December 31, 2020, the Partnership had approximately $6.1 million of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of more than one year. The Partnership expects to recognize approximately $3.5 million of these performance obligations as revenue by the end of 2021, an additional $2.3 million in 2022, and the remaining balance thereafter. The Partnership has elected to not disclose the amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of less than one year. The Partnership has elected to not disclose variable consideration allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations that are based on market prices that have not yet been determined.
Contract Balances
The Partnership’s deferred revenue is a contract liability that primarily relates to nitrogen fertilizer sales contracts requiring customer prepayment prior to product delivery to guarantee a price and supply of nitrogen fertilizer. Deferred revenue is recorded at the point in time in which a prepaid contract is legally enforceable and the associated right to consideration is unconditional prior to transferring product to the customer. An associated receivable is recorded for uncollected prepaid
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contract amounts. Contracts requiring prepayment are generally short-term in nature and, as discussed above, revenue is recognized at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product.
A summary of the deferred revenue activity during the year ended December 31, 2020 is presented below:
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 27,841
Add:
New prepay contracts entered into during the period (1) 56,490
Less:
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period (27,060)
Revenue recognized related to contracts entered into during the period (26,141)
Other changes (499)
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 30,631
(1)Includes $33.4 million where payment associated with prepaid contracts was collected.
Major Customers
CVR Partners has two customers who comprised 26%, 28%, and 20% of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.
(7) Share-Based Compensation
CVR Partners’ Phantom Unit Awards
CVR Partners has a Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) which permits the granting of options, stock and unit appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted shares, restricted stock units, phantom units, unit awards, substitute awards, other unit-based awards, cash awards, dividend and distribution equivalent rights, share awards, and performance awards (including performance share units, performance units, and performance-based restricted stock). As of December 31, 2020, only phantom unit awards under the LTIP remained outstanding. Individuals who are eligible to receive awards and grants under the LTIP include CVR Energy’s and the Partnership’s employees, officers, consultants, advisors, and directors.
A summary of phantom unit award activity and changes under the LTIP during the year ended December 31, 2020 is presented below:
(in thousands, except per unit data) Units Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2019 155,707 $ 30.71 $ 4,827
Granted 444,385 12.12
Vested (62,594) 31.31
Forfeited (18,617) 31.23
Non-vested at December 31, 2020 518,881 $ 14.70 $ 8,312
Unrecognized compensation expense associated with the phantom units at December 31, 2020 was approximately $7.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years. Compensation expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 related to awards under the CVR Partners LTIP was approximately $0.6 million, $2.3 million, and $1.9 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Partnership had a liability of $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for cash settled non-vested phantom unit awards and associated distribution equivalent rights. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Partnership paid cash of $0.8 million, $1.7 million, and $1.7 million, respectively, to settle liability-classified awards upon vesting.
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Incentive Unit Awards - CVR Energy
CVR Energy grants awards of incentive units and dividend and distribution equivalent rights to certain of its employees and those of its subsidiaries, including CVR GP, who provide shared services for CVR Energy and its subsidiaries, including the Partnership. Costs related to these incentive unit awards are allocated to the Partnership based on time spent on Partnership business. Total compensation expense allocated to the Partnership for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 related to the incentive units was $0.4 million, $1.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
The Partnership had no separate liabilities related to these incentive unit awards as of December 31, 2020, as the allocation of compensation expense for incentive unit awards is part of the amount charged to the Partnership under the Corporate MSA. The Partnership had a liability of $1.4 million as of December 31, 2019, which is recorded in Other current liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2018, the Partnership made reimbursements to CVR Energy of $2.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and no reimbursements for the year ended December 31, 2019 related to its allocated portion of CVR Energy’s incentive unit awards payments. See Note 9 (“Related Party Transactions”) for further discussion of the Corporate MSA.
Performance Unit Awards
In connection with an employment agreement with the Partnership’s Executive Chairman dated November 1, 2017, CVR Energy entered into a performance unit award agreement (the “2017 Performance Unit Award Agreement”) on November 1, 2017, with our Executive Chairman representing the right to receive upon vesting, a cash payment equal to $10.0 million if the average closing price of CVR Energy’s common stock over the 30 day trading period from January 4, 2022 to February 15, 2022 is equal to or greater than $60 per share. There were no compensation costs recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 under the 2017 Performance Unit Award Agreement. Compensation costs recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $0.4 million. Under the 2017 Performance Unit Award Agreement, as of December 31, 2020, the Partnership had no outstanding liability, and an outstanding liability of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2019, which was recorded in Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2020, there was approximately $2.3 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to the 2017 Performance Unit Award Agreement.
Other Benefit Plans
CVR Energy sponsors and administers two defined contribution 401(k) plans, the CVR Energy 401(k) Plan and the CVR Energy 401(k) Plan for Represented Employees (the “Plans”), in which employees of the general partner, CVR Partners and its subsidiaries may participate. Participants in the Plans may elect to contribute a designated percentage of their eligible compensation in accordance with the Plans, subject to statutory limits. CVR Partners provides a matching contribution of 100% of the first 6% of eligible compensation contributed by participants. Participants in both Plans are immediately vested in their individual contributions. The Plans provide for a three-year vesting schedule for the Partnership’s matching contributions and contain a provision to count service with predecessor organizations. The Partnership’s contributions under the Plans were approximately $1.9 million, $1.8 million, and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Effective January 1, 2021, the matching contributions for the Plans have been suspended.
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(8) Commitments
Supply Commitments
The minimum required payments for unconditional purchase obligations, including the natural gas purchases outlined below, are as follows:
(in thousands) Unconditional
Purchase
Obligations
Year Ending December 31,
2021 $ 36,132
2022 11,207
2023 9,540
2024 5,006
2025 5,006
Thereafter 33,244
$ 100,135
Supply Commitments - The Partnership is a party to various supply agreements with both related and third parties which commit the Partnership to purchase minimum volumes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, pet coke, and natural gas to run its plants’ operations.
The Partnership is also party to a natural gas supply agreement with various third-parties. Natural gas expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 totaled approximately $32.4 million, $33.1 million, and $42.4 million, respectively, and is included in Cost of materials and other and Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization).
The Partnership entered into the Coffeyville Master Service Agreement (“Coffeyville MSA”) with Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy (“CRRM”), pursuant to which, it agrees to pay a monthly fee for pet coke purchases. The Partnership’s Coffeyville Facility obtains a significant amount (60% on average during last five years, 33% in 2020) of the pet coke it needs from the Coffeyville MSA. Any remaining pet coke needs are required to be purchased from various third parties. The price paid pursuant to the Coffeyville MSA is based on the lesser of a pet coke price derived from the price received for UAN (the “UAN-based Price”) or a pet coke price index. The UAN-based Price begins with a pet coke price of $25 per ton based on a price per ton for UAN that excludes transportation cost (“netback price”) of $205 per ton, and adjusts up or down $0.50 per ton for every $1.00 change in the netback price. The UAN-based price has a ceiling of $40 per ton and a floor of $5 per ton. See Note 9 (“Related Party Transactions”) for further discussion of the Coffeyville MSA.
Pursuant to the Coffeyville MSA, the Partnership agreed, with respect to the Coffeyville Facility, to pay CRRM for hydrogen purchases. The committed hydrogen volume pricing is based on a monthly fixed fee (based on the fixed and capital charges associated with producing the committed volume) and a monthly variable fee (based on the natural gas price associated with hydrogen actually received). In the event the Coffeyville Facility fails to take delivery of the full committed volume in a month, the Partnership remains obligated to pay CRRM for the monthly fixed fee and the monthly variable fee based upon the actual hydrogen volume received, if any. In the event CRRM fails to deliver any portion of the committed volume for the applicable month for any reason other than planned repairs and maintenance, the Partnership will be entitled to a pro-rata reduction of the monthly fixed fee. See Note 9 (“Related Party Transactions”) for further discussion.
The Partnership, with respect to the Coffeyville Facility, is also party to the Messer Agreement, pursuant to which, it is required to take as available and pay for the supply of oxygen and nitrogen to the plant. This agreement was renewed and commenced in July 2020 for an initial term of 15 years with annual renewals thereafter. Expenses associated with this agreement are included in Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), and, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, totaled approximately $4.2 million, $4.2 million, and $3.8 million, respectively.
In addition to the related party Coffeyville MSA, the Coffeyville Facility has pet coke supply agreements with multiple third-party refineries to purchase approximately 275,000 tons of pet coke at a fixed price for delivery at different dates through December 2021. The Coffeyville Facility has historically purchased third-party pet coke based on spot purchases and supply
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agreements in place at the time. The delivered cost of third-party pet coke purchases is included in Cost of materials and other and totaled approximately $17.9 million, $10.3 million, and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.
During 2019, the Partnership, with respect to the East Dubuque Facility, entered into a utility service agreement with a new third-party energy cooperative. The new utility service agreement does not contain purchase commitments. The cost of utilities, including natural gas purchases, is included in Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Prior to entering into the new utility service agreement, the East Dubuque Facility had a utility service agreement with a third-party energy cooperative which included certain charges on a take-or-pay basis and amounts associated with this agreement totaled approximately $3.7 million and $10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(9) Related Party Transactions
Limited Partnership Agreement
The Partnership’s general partner manages the Partnership’s operations and activities as specified in CVR Partners’ limited partnership agreement. The general partner of the Partnership, CVR GP, is managed by its board of directors. The partnership agreement provides that the Partnership will reimburse CVR GP for all direct and indirect expenses it incurs or payments it makes on behalf of the Partnership, including salary, bonus, incentive compensation, and other amounts paid to any person to perform services for the Partnership or for its general partner in connection with operating the Partnership.
Omnibus Agreement
We are party to an omnibus agreement with CVR Energy and our general partner, pursuant to which we have agreed that CVR Energy will have a preferential right to acquire any assets or group of assets that do not constitute assets used in a fertilizer restricted business. In determining whether to exercise any preferential right under the omnibus agreement, CVR Energy will be permitted to act in its sole discretion, without any fiduciary obligation to us or the unitholders whatsoever. These obligations will continue so long as CVR Energy owns at least 50% of our general partner. There was no activity reported under this agreement during the years ended 2020, 2019, and 2018.
Coffeyville MSA
Effective January 1, 2020, the Conflicts Committee of the Board and the audit committee of CVR Energy approved, and CRNF and CRRM entered into the Coffeyville MSA which is comprised of various supply and service agreements effectively replacing, on substantially equivalent terms, other related party agreements in place during 2019 and 2018 as (the “Replaced Coffeyville Agreements”). In addition to affirming the terms and services described in the Replaced Coffeyville Agreements and resetting the durations thereof, as applicable, commencing January 1, 2020, the Coffeyville MSA provides for monthly payments, subject to netting, for all goods and services supplied under the Coffeyville MSA. The Coffeyville MSA will continue in effect until terminated in writing, in whole or in part, by either party, or until terminated automatically in the event a party falls out of common control with the other party. The Coffeyville MSA provides the following services:
•Cross Easements - Both CRNF and CRRM can access and utilize each other’s land in certain circumstances in order to operate their respective businesses.
•Hydrogen Purchase and Sale - CRRM agrees to sell and deliver a committed hydrogen volume of 90,000 mscf per month to CRNF and CRNF agrees to purchase and receive the committed volume. CRNF also has the option to purchase excess volume from CRRM, if available.
•Raw Water and Facilities Sharing - CRNF and CRRM are each owners of an undivided one-half interest in and to the water rights and agree to (i) allocate raw water resources between CVR Energy’s Coffeyville Refinery and our Coffeyville Facility and (ii) provide for the management of the water intake system which draws raw water from the Verdigris River for both our Coffeyville Facility and CVR Energy’s Coffeyville Refinery.
•Coke Supply - Our Coffeyville Facility purchases pet coke from CVR Energy’s Coffeyville Refinery which provides that CRRM must deliver, and the Coffeyville Facility must purchase, during each calendar year an annual required amount of pet coke equal to the lesser of (i) 100 percent of the pet coke or (ii) 500,000 tons of pet coke. If during a
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
calendar month, more than 41,667 tons of pet coke is produced and available for purchase, then the Coffeyville Facility will have the option to purchase the excess at the purchase price provided for in the agreement. If the option is declined, CRRM may sell the excess to a third-party.
•Feedstock and Shared Services - CRNF and CRRM provide feedstock and other services to one another. These feedstocks and services are utilized in the respective production processes of CRRM’s Coffeyville Refinery and our Coffeyville Facility. Feedstocks provided under the agreement include, among others, hydrogen, high-pressure steam, nitrogen, instrument air, oxygen, and natural gas.
•Lease - CRNF leases certain office and laboratory space from CRRM.
Corporate MSA
Also effective January 1, 2020, the Conflicts Committee of the Board and the audit committee of CVR Energy approved, and the parties entered into the Corporate MSA between CVR Services and certain of its affiliates, including CVR Energy, CVR GP and the Partnership and its subsidiaries, which is comprised of various management and service agreements effectively replacing other related party agreements, on substantially equivalent terms, in place for 2019 and 2018 as (the “Replaced Corporate Agreements”). In addition to affirming the terms and services described in the Replaced Corporate Agreements and resetting the durations thereof, as applicable, commencing January 1, 2020, the Corporate MSA provides for payment by each service recipient under the Corporate MSA of a monthly fee for goods and services supplied under the Corporate MSA, subject to netting and an annual true up, as well as pass-through of any direct costs incurred on behalf of a service recipient without markup.
Under the Corporate MSA, CVR GP and the Partnership and its subsidiaries obtain certain management and other professional services from CVR Services, including the following, among others:
•services from CVR Services’ employees in capacities equivalent to the capacities of corporate executive officers, except that those who serve in such capacities under the agreement will serve the Partnership on a shared, part-time basis only, unless the Partnership and CVR Services agree otherwise;
•administrative and professional services, including legal, accounting, SOX compliance, financial reporting, human resources, information technology, communications, insurance, tax, credit, finance, corporate compliance, enterprise risk management, consulting, and government and regulatory affairs;
•recommendations on capital raising activities to the board of directors of the general partner, including the issuance of debt or equity interests, the entry into credit facilities, and other capital market transactions;
•managing or overseeing litigation and administrative or regulatory proceedings, investigations and other reviews in the ordinary course of business or operations, establishing appropriate insurance policies for the Partnership, and providing safety and environmental advice;
•recommending the payment of distributions; and
•managing or providing advice for other projects, including acquisitions, as may be agreed by the general partner and CVR Services from time to time.
•permitting the use of the CVR Energy and CVR Partners trademarks by CVR GP and the Partnership at no cost.
For services performed in connection with the services agreement, the Partnership recognized personnel costs, excluding amounts related to share based compensation (refer to Note 7 (“Share-Based Compensation”)), of $6.6 million, $7.3 million, and $6.6 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Related Party Activity
Activity associated with the Partnership’s related party arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 is summarized below:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Sales to related parties (1) $ 993 $ 119 $ 371
Purchases from related parties (2) 22,365 30,876 27,315
December 31,
2020 2019
Prepaid expenses (3) $ - $ 249
Due to related parties (4) 1,446 7,826
(1)Sales to related parties, included in Net sales, consist primarily of sales of feedstocks and services to CRRM under the Coffeyville MSA.
(2)Purchases from related parties, included in Cost of materials and other, Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), and Selling, general and administrative expenses, consist primarily of pet coke and hydrogen purchased from CRRM under the Coffeyville MSA.
(3)Prepaid expenses, included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, are amounts paid for feedstocks and services provided by CRRM under the Coffeyville MSA.
(4)Due to related parties, included in Accounts payable to affiliates, Other current liabilities, and Other long-term liabilities, consist primarily of amounts payable for feedstocks and other supplies and services provided by CRRM and CVR Services under the Coffeyville MSA and Corporate MSA.
Environmental Agreement
Our Coffeyville Facility is a party to an environmental agreement with CRRM which provides for certain indemnification and access rights in connection with environmental matters affecting CVR Energy’s Coffeyville refinery and our Coffeyville Facility. To the extent that liability arises from environmental contamination that is caused by CRRM but is also commingled with environmental contamination caused by our Coffeyville Facility, CRRM may elect, in its sole discretion and at its own cost and expense, to perform government mandated environmental activities relating to such liability, subject to certain conditions and provided that CRRM will not waive any rights to indemnification or compensation otherwise provided for in the agreement. No liability under this agreement was recorded as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Terminal and Operating Agreement
Our Coffeyville Facility entered into a lease and operating agreement with Coffeyville Resources Terminal, LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of CVR Energy (“CRT”), under which it leases the premises located at Phillipsburg, Kansas to be utilized as a UAN terminal. The initial term of the agreement will expire in May 2032, provided, however, we may terminate the lease at any time during the initial term by providing 180 days prior written notice. In addition, this agreement will automatically renew for successive five-year terms, provided that we may terminate the agreement during any renewal term with at least 180 days written notice. We will pay CRT $1.00 per year for rent, $4.00 per ton of UAN placed into the terminal, and $4.00 per ton of UAN taken out of the terminal.
Property Exchange
On October 18, 2019, the Conflicts Committee of the Board and on October 22, 2019, the audit committee of CVR Energy, each agreed to authorize the exchange of certain parcels of property owned by subsidiaries of CVR Energy with an equal number of parcels owned by subsidiaries of CVR Partners, all located in Coffeyville, Kansas (the “Property Exchange”). On February 19, 2020, a subsidiary of CVR Energy and a subsidiary of CVR Partners executed the Property Exchange agreement. This Property Exchange will enable each such subsidiary to create a more usable, contiguous parcel of land near its own operating footprint. CVR Energy and the Partnership accounted for this transaction in accordance with the ASC Topic 805-50, Business Combinations (“ Topic 805-50”), guidance on transferring assets between entities under common control. This transaction had a net impact to the Partnership’s partners’ capital of less than $0.1 million.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Distributions to CVR Partners’ Unitholders
The Board has a policy for the Partnership to distribute all available cash generated on a quarterly basis. Cash distributions are made to the common unitholders of record on the applicable record date, generally within 60 days after the end of each quarter. Available cash for each quarter is determined by the Board following the end of such quarter.
Distributions, if any, including the payment, amount, and timing thereof, are subject to change at the discretion of the Board. There were no distributions declared or paid by the Partnership during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the fourth quarter of 2019 or the first, second, and third quarters of 2020. No distributions were declared for the fourth quarter of 2020.
The Partnership paid distributions totaling $4.00 per common unit on a split-adjusted basis, or $45.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. Of these distributed amounts, CVR Energy received $15.6 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Partnership did not pay distributions.
(10) Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash flows related to income taxes, interest, leases, and capital expenditures included in accounts payable are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ 69 $ 40 $ 26
Cash paid for interest 59,850 60,057 60,168
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (1):
Operating cash flows from operating leases 4,117 4,019
Operating cash flows from finance leases 6 20
Financing cash flows from finance leases 100 321
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Change in capital expenditures included in accounts payable $ (2,167) $ 1,618 $ (1,031)
(1)The lease standard was adopted on January 1, 2019 on a prospective basis. Therefore, only 2020 and 2019 are applicable to be included within the table above.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
As of December 31, 2020, the Partnership has evaluated, under the direction of the Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon, and as of the date of that evaluation, the Partnership’s Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accurately recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Such information is accumulated and communicated to the Partnership’s management, including the Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate, to allow accurate and timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
The Partnership’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of management, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on that evaluation, the Partnership’s Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer have concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. The Partnership’s independent registered public accounting firm, that audited the consolidated financial statements included herein under Item 8, has issued a report on the effectiveness of the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting. This report can be found under Item 8.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
There have been no changes in the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020 that materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting. Despite many of our employees working in a remote environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 pandemic to determine any potential impact on the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
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PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Management of CVR Partners, LP
As a publicly traded partnership, we are managed by our general partner, CVR GP, LLC, either directly by its board of directors (the “Board”), by its executive officers (who are appointed by the Board) or by its sole member, CVR Services, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, subject to the terms and conditions specified in our partnership agreement. Limited partners are not entitled to directly or indirectly participate in our management or operation. Neither our general partner nor the members of its Board are elected by our unitholders, and none are subject to re-election on a regular basis in the future.
Actions by our general partner that are made in its individual capacity are made by CVR Services as the sole member of our general partner and not by the Board. Our partnership agreement contains various provisions which replace default fiduciary duties with more limited contractual corporate governance standards. Whenever our general partner makes a determination or takes or declines to take an action in its individual, rather than representative, capacity, it is entitled to make such determination or to take or decline to take such action free of any fiduciary duty or obligation whatsoever to us, any limited partner or assignee, and it is not required to act in good faith or pursuant to any other standard imposed by our partnership agreement or under Delaware law or any other law. Examples include the exercise or assignment of its call right or its registration rights, its voting rights with respect to the units it owns and its determination whether or not to consent to any merger or consolidation of the Partnership. Our general partner is liable, as a general partner, for all of our debts (to the extent not paid from our assets), except for indebtedness or other obligations that are made expressly non-recourse to it. Our debt instruments are non-recourse to our general partner. Our general partner therefore may cause us to incur indebtedness or other obligations that are non-recourse to it.
The Board
During 2020, the Board consisted of three directors affirmatively determined by the Board to be independent, non-employee directors (Donna R. Ecton, Frank M. Muller, Jr. and Peter K. Shea); three non-employee directors who are also officers of Icahn Enterprises L.P. (“IEP”) (Johnathan Frates, Andrew Langham and Hunter C. Gary); as well as two directors who are also executive officers of our general partner (David L. Lamp, our Executive Chairman, and Mark A. Pytosh, our President and Chief Executive Officer). The Board is led by its Chairman of the Board, Mr. Lamp. As required by our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Board oversees the business of the Partnership, including its fundamental financial and business strategies and major corporate actions, significant risks facing the Partnership and its risk management activities and the Partnership’s Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) initiatives. The Board also periodically evaluates its composition, including the skill sets, diversity, leadership structure, background and experience of its directors. The Board believes its current structure and composition is best for the Partnership and its unitholders at this time. All actions of the Board, other than any matters delegated to a committee, will require approval by majority vote of the directors, with each director having one vote. The directors of our general partner hold office until the earlier of their death, resignation or removal. The Board met four times in 2020 and acted three times by written consent. All of the directors who served during 2020 attended at least 75% of the total meetings of the Board and each of the committees on which such director served during their respective tenure except for Mr. Langham who attended all of the meetings of the committees on which he served and at least 50% of the total meetings of the Board.
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The following table sets forth the names, positions, ages, and a description of the backgrounds, experience, and qualifications of our directors, as of February 22, 2021:
Name, Position and Age Principal Occupation, Experience and Qualifications
David L. Lamp
Executive Chairman and
Chairman of the Board
Age 63
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2018 to Current)
CVR Energy (2018 to Current)
Mr. Lamp has served as Executive Chairman of our general partner since January 2018, Chairman of the Board since 2018, as Chief Executive Officer and President of CVR Energy since December 2017, and as a Director of CVR Energy, since January 2018. Mr. Lamp has more than 40 years of technical, commercial and operational experience in the refining and chemical industries. He previously served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Western Refining, Inc., from 2016 until its sale to Andeavor in 2017; as President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director of the general partner of Northern Tier Energy, L.P. from 2013 until its merger with Western Refining in 2016; and as a Director of CVR Refining, LP, from January 2018 to February 2019. Mr. Lamp serves on the Board of Directors of the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers Association and is a past Chairman. Mr. Lamp graduated from Michigan State University with a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering. We believe Mr. Lamp's extensive knowledge and experience in the refining and chemical industries, as well as his significant background serving in key executive roles at public and private companies and strong leadership skills make him well qualified to serve as our director.
Former Public Company Directorships: CVR Refining (2018 to 2019) and Northern Tier Energy, LP (2013 to 2016)
Mark A. Pytosh
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
Age 56
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2011 to Current)
Mr. Pytosh has served as Chief Executive Officer and President of our general partner since May 2014, as our director since 2011, and as Executive Vice President of CVR Energy since October 2014. Previously, Mr. Pytosh served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Alberta, Canada-based Tervita Corporation, an environmental and energy services company, from 2010 to 2014; as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Covanta Energy Corporation, which owns and operates energy from waste power facilities, biomass power facilities and independent power plants in the United States, Europe and Asia, from 2006 to 2010; and held various positions with Waste Services, Inc., an integrated solid waste services company that operates in the United States and Canada from 2004 to 2006, including Executive Vice President, from 2004 to 2006, and Chief Financial Officer, from 2005 to 2006. Mr. Pytosh has served as a director of the University of Illinois Foundation since 2007 and the Fertilizer Institute since 2015. Mr. Pytosh received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. His extensive experience with public entities in the energy industry, leadership skills and strong financial background make him well qualified to serve as our director.
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Donna R. Ecton
Director
Age 73
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2008 to Current)
Ms. Ecton has served as our director since 2008. Ms. Ecton is chairman and chief executive officer of EEI Inc which she founded in 1998. EEI is a management consulting practice which provides private equity and sub debt firms with turnaround assistance, due diligence through market/operational assessments of companies being considered for acquisition, as well as mentoring and coaching for executive officers. Prior to this, she served on the board of directors of PETsMART where she was asked to take over the role of Chief Operating Officer. Other operating experience includes serving as chief executive officer of Business Mail Express, Inc., Van Houten North America and Andes Candies, Inc. Ms. Ecton has also served as a corporate officer of Nutri/System, Inc. and Campbell Soup Company, as well as running the upper Manhattan middle-market lending business and the midtown Manhattan banks for Citibank, N.A. Ms. Ecton has previously served as a member of the following boards of directors: Mellon Bank Corporation and Mellon Bank N.A., Mellon PSFS, H&R Block, Inc., Tandy Corporation, Barnes Group Inc., Vencor, Inc., Body Central Corp., and KAR Auction Services, Inc. Ms. Ecton has also served as a board member or chairman of numerous privately held companies and non-profit organizations. Ms. Ecton earned her MBA from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, and received her BA in economics from Wellesley College, graduating as a Durant Scholar. Ms. Ecton was elected and served on the Harvard Board of Overseers, and as president of the Harvard Business School Association’s Executive Council. She also served on the Business Advisory Council of the Carnegie Mellon Graduate School of Industrial Administration. Ms. Ecton is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. We believe Ms. Ecton's significant background as both an executive officer and director of public companies and extensive experience in finance is an asset to our Board. Her knowledge and experience, as well as risk oversight expertise, provide the audit committee with valuable perspective in managing the relationship with our independent accountants and in the performance of financial auditing oversight.
Former Public Company Directorships: Body Central Corp (2011 to 2014); KAR Auction Services, Inc. (2013 to 2019); Mellon Bank Corporation and Mellon Bank N.A., Mellon PSFS; H&R Block, Inc.; Tandy Corporation; Barnes Group Inc.; Vencor, Inc.; and PetSmart, Inc.
Jonathan Frates
Director
Age 38
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2016 to Current)
CVR Energy (2016 to Current)
Viskase Companies, Inc. (2016 to Current)
SandRidge Energy, Inc. (2018 to Current)
Herc Holdings Inc. (2019 to Current)
Vivus Inc. (2020 to Current)
Mr. Frates has served as our director since 2016. Mr. Frates has been a Managing Director at IEP, a diversified holding company engaged in a variety of businesses, including investment, automotive, energy, food packaging, metals, real estate and home fashion, since June 2018. From November 2015 to June 2018, Mr. Frates served as a Portfolio Company Associate at Icahn Enterprises. Prior to joining Icahn Enterprises, Mr. Frates served as a Senior Business Analyst at First Acceptance Corp. and as an Associate at its holding company, Diamond A Ford Corp. Mr. Frates began his career as an Investment Banking Analyst at Wachovia Securities LLC. Mr. Frates has served as: a director of Vivus, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, since December 2020; a director of Herc Holdings Inc., an international provider of equipment rental and services, since August 2019; Chairman of the Board of Directors of SandRidge Energy, Inc., an oil and natural gas company with a principal focus on exploration and production activities, since June 2018; a director of Viskase Companies, Inc., a meat casing company, since March 2016, and Chairman of its Board of Directors since October 2019; and a director of CVR Energy since March 2016. Mr. Frates has also been a member of the Executive Committee of ACF Industries LLC, a railcar manufacturing company, since September 2018. Mr. Frates was previously: a director of Ferrous Resources Limited, an iron ore mining company with operations in Brazil, from December 2016 to July 2019; a director of American Railcar Industries, Inc., a railcar manufacturing company, from March 2016 to December 2018; and a director of the general partner of CVR Refining, LP from March 2016 to February 2019. Ferrous Resources, American Railcar Industries, ACF Industries, Viskase Companies, CVR Energy, and CVR Refining are each indirectly controlled by Carl C. Icahn. Mr. Icahn also has a non-controlling interest in Herc Holdings and SandRidge Energy through the ownership of securities. Mr. Frates received a BBA from Southern Methodist University and an MBA from Columbia Business School. Mr. Frates' significant board experience and broad financial background make him qualified to serve as our director.
Former Public Company Directorships: Ferrous Resources Limited (2016 to 2019); American Railcar Industries, Inc. (2016 to 2018); and CVR Refining (2016 to 2019)
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Hunter C. Gary
Director
Age 46
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2018 to Current)
CVR Energy (2018 to Current)
The Pep Boys - Manny, Moe & Jack (2016 to Current)
Vivus Inc. (2020 to Current)
Conduent Inc. (2020 to Current)
Mr. Gary has served as our director since 2018. Mr. Gary has served as Senior Managing Director IEP and has been employed by IEP since November 2010. At IEP, Mr. Gary is responsible for monitoring portfolio company operations, implementing operational value enhancement and leading operational activities in areas including, technology, merger integration, supply chain, organization transformation, real estate, recruiting, business process outsourcing, SG&A cost reduction, strategic IT projects, and executive compensation. At IEP, Mr. Gary has served in various roles, including President of IEP’s Real Estate segment since November 2013 and head of IEP’s Information Technology and Cybersecurity group since September 2015. Mr. Gary has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Cadus Corporation, a company engaged in the acquisition of real estate for renovation or construction and resale, from March 2014 to June 2018. Prior to both IEP and Cadus, Mr. Gary had been employed by Icahn Associates Corporation (IA) an affiliate of IEP, in various roles since June 2003, most recently as the Chief Operating Officer of Icahn Sourcing LLC, a group purchasing organization focused on leveraging the aggregated spend of its collective members. Mr. Gary also served in a public governmental capacity from 2004 to 2008 as an elected City Council Member and Vice Mayor of Indian Creek Village in Florida. From 1997 to 2002, Mr. Gary worked, most recently as a Managing Director, at Kaufhof Warenhaus AG, a former subsidiary of the Metro Group, which was acquired by Hudson’s Bay Company. Mr. Gary has been a director of: Vivus since December 2020; Conduent Inc. since 2020; CVR Energy, since September 2018; Icahn Automotive Group LLC (IAG); The Pep Boys - Manny, Moe & Jack (PBYS), an automotive parts installer and retailer, since February 2016; PSC Metals Inc. (PSC), a metal recycling company, since May 2012; and WestPoint Home LLC (WPH), a home textiles manufacturer, since June 2007. Mr. Gary has also been a member of the Executive Committee of ACF Industries LLC since July 2015. Mr. Gary was previously a director of: Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. (HLF), a nutrition company, from April 2014 to January 2021; Ferrous Resources Limited, an iron ore mining company, from June 2015 to August 2019; the general partner of CVR Refining L.P. from September 2018 to February 2019; Tropicana Entertainment Inc.(TEI), a company that is primarily engaged in the business of owning and operating casinos and resorts, from March 2010 to October 2018; Cadus from February 2014 to June 2018; XO Holdings, a provider of telecom services, from September 2011 to January 2018; IEH Auto Parts LLC (IEHAP), a distributor of automotive aftermarket parts, from June 2015 to May 2017; Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation (FDML), a supplier of automotive powertrain and safety components, from October 2012 to February 2016; Voltari Corporation (VLTC), a company in the business of acquiring, financing and leasing commercial real properties, from October 2007 to September 2015; American Railcar Industries, Inc. (ARI), a railcar manufacturing company, from January 2008 to June 2015; and Viskase Companies from August 2012 to June 2015. Each of ACF, ARI, Cadus, CVR Energy, CVR Refining, LP, IAG, Ferrous Resources, FDML, IEHAP, IA, IEP, PBYS, PSC, TEI, Viskase Companies, Vivus, VLTC, WPH, and XO are, or previously were, controlled indirectly controlled by Carl C. Icahn. Mr. Icahn also has or had a non-controlling interest in HLF and Conduent through the ownership of securities. Mr. Gary received his Bachelor of Science degree with senior honors from Georgetown University as well as a certificate of executive development from Columbia Graduate School of Business. Mr. Gary’s extensive experience in operations and oversight matters for a variety of company and service on other public company boards, enable him to advise our Board on a range of matters and qualified to serve as our director.
Former Public Company Directorships: Herbalife Ltd. (2014 to 2021); Ferrous Resources Limited (2015 to 2019); CVR Refining (2018 to 2019); Federal-Mogul Holdings LLC (formerly known as Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation) (2012 to 2016); Voltari Corporation (2007 to 2015); American Railcar Industries, Inc. (2008 to 2015); Viskase Companies Inc. (2012 to 2015); Tropicana Entertainment Inc. (2010 to 2018); Cadus Inc. (2014 to 2018); and XO Holdings (2011 to 2018)
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Andrew Langham
Director
Age 47
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2015 to Current)
Welbilt, Inc. (2016 to Current)
Cheniere Energy, Inc. (2017 to Current)
Herc Holdings, Inc. (2020 to Current)
Occidental Petroleum Corporation (2020 to Current)
Mr. Langham has served as our director since 2015. Mr. Langham has been General Counsel of IEP since 2014. From 2005 to 2014, Mr. Langham was Assistant General Counsel of Icahn Enterprises. Prior to joining Icahn Enterprises, Mr. Langham was an associate at Latham & Watkins LLP focusing on corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, and general corporate matters. Mr. Langham has been a director of: Herc Holdings, Inc. since April 2020; Occidental Petroleum Corporation, an oil and gas exploration and production company, since March 2020; Cheniere Energy, Inc., a developer of natural gas liquefaction and export facilities and related pipelines, since 2017; and Welbilt, Inc., a commercial foodservice equipment manufacturer, since 2016. Mr. Langham was previously a director of: CVR Energy, from 2014 to 2017; the general partner of CVR Refining, LP from 2014 to 2019; Freeport-McMoRan Inc., a leading international mining company, from 2015 to 2018; and Newell Brands Inc., a global marketer of consumer and commercial products, in 2018. CVR Energy and CVR Refining, LP are each indirectly controlled by Carl C. Icahn. Mr. Icahn also has non-controlling interests in Herc Holdings, Occidental, Cheniere, Welbilt, Freeport-McMoRan and Newell Brands through the ownership of securities. Mr. Langham received a B.A. from Whitman College, and a J.D. from the University of Washington. We believe that Mr. Langham’s extensive legal experience with mergers and acquisitions, as well as his board experience qualify him as a director.
Former Public Company Directorships: CVR Refining (2014 to 2019); Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (2015 to 2018); Newell Brands Inc. (2018); CVR Energy (2014 to 2017)
Frank M. Muller, Jr.
Director
Age 78
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2008 to Current)
Mr. Muller has served as our director since 2008. Mr. Muller is currently the President of Toby Enterprises, which he founded in 1999 to invest in startup companies, and the Chairman of Topaz Technologies, LTD., a software engineering company. Until August 2009, Mr. Muller served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the technology design and manufacturing from TenX Technology, Inc., which he founded in 1985. Mr. Muller was a Senior Vice President of the Coastal Corporation from 1989 to 2001, focusing on business acquisitions and joint ventures, and General Manager of the Kensington Company, Ltd. From 1984 to 1989. Mr. Muller started his business career in the oil and chemical industries with PepsiCo, Inc. and Agrico Chemical Company. Mr. Muller served in the United States Army from 1965 to 1973. Mr. Muller received a BS and MBA from Texas A&M University. Mr. Muller's experience in the chemical industry and expertise in developing and growing new businesses make him qualified to serve as our director.
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Peter K. Shea
Director
Age 69
Current Public Company Directorships:
CVR Partners (2014 to Current)
Viskase Companies, Inc. (2006 to Current)
Mr. Shea has been our director since 2014. Mr. Shea has served as an operating partner of Snow Phipps, a private equity firm, since 2013. Mr. Shea served as an operating advisor for OMERS Private Equity from 2011 to 2016. He has been a director of Decopac, Inc. since 2017 and currently serves as Chairman of its Board of Directors. He has served as a director of Viskase Companies since October 2006; FeraDyne Outdoors, LLC, a privately-held manufacturer of sporting goods products, and as its Chairman from May 2014 to February 2019; Teasdale Foods Inc., a privately-held provider of Hispanic food products, and as its Chairman from November 2014 to February 2019; and currently Chairman of DecoPac Inc., a privately-held supplier of bakery goods, since September 2017. Mr. Shea previously served as a director of Trump Entertainment Resorts from January 2017 to June 2017; Voltari Corporation from September 2015 to July 2019, and as its Chairman from September 2015 to July 2019; Give and Go Prepared Foods, a bakery manufacturer from January 2012 to July 2016; Sitel Worldwide Corporation, a customer care solutions provider, from November 2011 to April 2015; Hennessy Capital Acquisition Company I from January 2014 to February 2015, Hennessy Capital Acquisition Company II from July 2016 to February 2017, Hennessy Capital Acquisition Company III from July 2017 to October 2018, and Hennessy Capital Acquisition Company IV from February 2019 to December 2020, all four of which were special purpose acquisition companies; and CTI Foods, from May 2010 to July 2013. Mr. Shea was President of Icahn Enterprises G.P. Inc. and Head of Icahn Associates Portfolio Operations from October 2006 to June 2009. He was previously on the Boards of Roncadin Gmbh, Premium Standard Farms, Sabert Company, and New Energy Company of Indiana. Mr. Shea was Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President or Managing Director of H.J. Heinz in Europe, R&R Foods in Europe, John Morrell & Company and Grupo Polymer United SA. Previously, he was Head of Global Corporate Development for United Brands Company, a Fortune 50 Company. Mr. Shea began his career with General Foods Corporation. He has an M.B.A. from the University of Southern California and a B.B.A. from Iona College. We believe Mr. Shea's broad executive, financial and operational experience, combined with his extensive board experience will be an asset to our board and qualify him to serve as our director.
Former Public Company Directorships: Hennessy Capital lV (2019 to 2020); Voltari Corporation (2015 to 2019); Sitel Worldwide Corporation (2011 to 2015); Trump Entertainment Resorts (2016 to 2017); Hennessy Capital I (2014 to 2015); Hennessy Capital II (2016 to 2017); Hennessy Capital III (2017 to 2018); American Railcar Industries, Inc. (2006 to 2009); and XO Holdings (2006 to 2009)
Director Independence & Controlled Company Exemptions
To be considered independent under NYSE listing standards, our Board must determine that a director has no material relationship with us other than as a director. The standards specify the criteria by which the independence of directors will be determined, including guidelines for directors and their immediate family members with respect to employment or affiliation with us or with our independent public accountants. The Board has affirmatively determined that each of Ms. Ecton and Messrs. Muller and Shea meet the independence standards established by the NYSE and the Exchange Act for membership on an audit committee and are non-employee directors, as defined by the rules and regulations of the NYSE, the SEC, and our Corporate Governance Guidelines.
As a publicly traded partnership, we qualify for, and rely on, certain exemptions from the NYSE’s corporate governance requirements, including the following:
•A majority of our directors are not required to be (and are not) independent;
•Our Board has not and does not currently intend to establish a nominating/corporate governance committee; and
•The Compensation Committee of our Board does not need to be (and is not) composed entirely of independent directors.
As a result, unitholders do not have the same protections afforded to equity holders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.
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Board Committees
Our Board has five standing committees appointed by the Board: the Audit Committee; the Compensation Committee; the Environmental Health & Safety (“EH&S”) Committee; the Conflicts Committee; and the Special Committee. Any standing committee with a written charter reviews the adequacy of such charter, at least annually, in addition to evaluating its performance and reporting to the Board on such evaluation. These charters are available free of charge on our website at www.CVRPartners.com or in print without charge to any unitholder requesting them by sending a written request to our Secretary at the address listed under “Communications with Directors” below.
Audit Committee
Members: Primary Responsibilities:
Donna R. Ecton, Chair (1)(3)
Frank M. Muller, Jr. (2)(3)
Peter K. Shea (2)(3)
Ø Appoints, compensates, oversees and evaluates the performance of the independent auditors, including approval of all services to be performed by and the independence of the independent auditor.
Ø Reviews with management, our internal auditors and independent auditors the adequacy, quality and integrity of the Partnership’s internal controls, the fair presentation and accuracy of the Partnership’s financial statements and disclosures, audit reports and management’s responses thereto, and the Partnership’s critical accounting policies and practices.
Ø Oversees and evaluates the performance, responsibilities, budget and staffing of the internal audit function including its senior audit executive.
Ø Establishes procedures for and oversees handling of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential submission of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.
Ø Monitors and periodically reviews the Partnership’s compliance with applicable laws, major litigation, regulatory compliance, risk management, insurance coverage and any policies, practices or mitigation activities relating thereto.
Ø Reviews and discusses with management potential significant risks to the Partnership and risk mitigation efforts including relating to information technology and cybersecurity controls.
Ø Assists the Board in its oversight of the governance portions of the Partnership’s ESG initiatives including the Partnership’s governance practices and reputation, Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, anti-bribery and anti-corruption programs and of the overall risks relating to such ESG initiatives.
Ø Reviews and discusses with management and Grant Thornton LLP, our independent registered accounting firm, the audited financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Ø Received written disclosures and the letter from Grant Thornton LLP required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
Ø Based on the reviews and discussions referred to above, recommended to the Board that the audited financial statements be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for filing with the SEC.
Meetings in 2020: 4
(1)Audit Committee Financial Expert
(2)Financially Literate
(3)Independent, Non-Employee Director
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Compensation Committee
Members: Ø Reviews, amends, modifies, adopts and oversees the incentive compensation plans, equity-based compensation plans, qualified retirement plans, health and welfare plans, deferred compensation plans, and any other benefit plans, programs or arrangements sponsored or maintained by the Partnership or its general partner.
Ø Evaluates the performance of our executive officers and, in connection therewith, reviews and determines, or recommends to the Board, the annual salary, bonus, equity-based compensation, and other compensation, incentives and benefits of our executive officers (other than compensation and benefits provided by one of its affiliates).
Ø Reviews and approves any employment, consulting, change in control, severance or termination, or other compensation agreements or arrangements with our executive officers.
Ø Reviews and makes recommendations to the Board with respect to the compensation of non-employee directors or any plans or programs relating thereto.
Ø Reviews and discusses the Compensation Committee Report and the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and recommends to the Board their inclusion in the Partnership’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K.
Ø Assists the Board in assessing any risks to the Partnership associated with compensation practices and policies.
Ø Assists the Board in its oversight of the social portions of the Partnership’s ESG initiatives including diversity, inclusion and human rights strategies, commitments, and reporting.
Frank M. Muller, Jr., Chair
Andrew Langham
Meetings in 2020: 2
Acted by Written Consent in 2020: 3
Ø Based on the reviews and discussions referred to above, recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the Compensation Committee Report, and other disclosures relating to the Compensation Committee be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
EH&S Committee
Members: Ø Oversees the establishment and administration of environmental, health and safety policies, programs, procedures, and initiatives.
Ø Assists the Board in its oversight of risk relating to environmental, health, safety, and security matters.
Ø Assists the Board in its oversight of the environmental, health, safety, and security portions of the Partnership’s ESG initiatives including the Partnership’s environmental, health, safety and security risks, opportunities, policies and reporting, including those related to climate change and sustainability.
Peter K. Shea, Chair
Donna R. Ecton
Frank M. Muller, Jr.
Mark A. Pytosh
Meetings in 2020: 1
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Conflicts Committee
Members: Ø As requested by the Board, investigates, reviews, evaluates and acts upon any potential conflicts of interest between our general partner or its affiliates, on the one hand, and us or any public unitholder, on the other, the approvals of which (if any) are conclusively deemed to be fair and reasonable to the Partnership and its common unitholders.
Ø As requested by the Board, determines whether the resolution of a conflict of interest is in the best interests of the Partnership.
Ø Carries out any other duties delegated by the Board that relate to potential conflicts of interest.
Ø Has the sole authority to retain, compensate, direct, oversee, and terminate any counsel or other advisers, including consultants, attorneys, independent accountants and other service providers, to assist in the evaluation of conflicts matters and to approve such consultants’ fees and other retention terms.
Ø Approvals are conclusively deemed to be fair and reasonable to the Partnership, approved by all of the Partnership’s partners and not a breach by the General Partner of any duties it may owe us or our unitholders.
Donna R. Ecton, Chair (1)
Frank M. Muller, Jr. (1)
Meetings in 2020: 1
(1) Independent, Non-Employee Director
Special Committee
Members: Ø Evaluates and approves matters arising during the intervals between meetings of the Board that did not warrant convening a special meeting of the Board but should not be postponed until the next scheduled meeting of that Board.
Ø Exercises approval authority delegated to it by the Board.
Jonathan Frates
David L. Lamp
Andrew Langham
Acted by Written Consent in 2020: 5
Meetings of Independent or Non-Management Directors and Executive Sessions
To promote open discussion among independent and non-management directors, we schedule regular executive sessions in which our independent or non-management directors meet without management participation. During 2020, three of our eight directors were independent, and six of our eight directors were non-management. Our independent directors met during eight executive sessions in 2020. Ms. Ecton presided over the executive sessions held by our independent directors.
Communications with Directors
Unitholders and other interested parties wishing to communicate with our Board may send a written communication addressed to:
CVR Partners, LP
2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500
Sugar Land, Texas 77479
Attention: Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Our General Counsel will forward all appropriate communications directly to our Board or to any individual director or directors, depending upon the facts and circumstances outlined in the communication. Any unitholder or other interested party who is interested in contacting only the independent directors or non-management directors as a group or the director who presides over the meetings of the independent directors or non-management directors may also send written communications to the contact above and should state for whom the communication is intended.
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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
During 2020, the Compensation Committee was comprised of Messrs. Muller and Langham. None of the members of the Compensation Committee during 2020 has, at any time, been an officer or employee of the Partnership or our general partner and none has any relationship requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act. No interlocking relationship exists between the Board or Compensation Committee and the board of directors or compensation committee of any other company.
Corporate Governance Guidelines and Codes of Ethics
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, as well as our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, which applies to all of our directors, officers, and employees (and which includes additional provisions that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and other persons performing similar functions) are available free of charge on our website at www.CVRPartners.com. These documents are also available in print without charge to any unitholder requesting them. We intend to disclose any changes in or waivers from our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct by posting such information on our website or by filing a Form 8-K with the SEC.
Executive Officers
While the Board provides high-level strategy and guidance for the Partnership, our day-to-day activities are carried out by our executive officers. Our executive officers are appointed by the Board and act within the authorities granted by the Board and our organizational documents. Limited partners are not entitled to appoint our executive officers or directly or indirectly participate in our management or operations. In this report, we refer to the executive officers of our general partner as “our executive officers.” The following table sets forth the names, positions, ages, background, experience and qualifications (as of February 22, 2021) of the executive officers of our general partner, other than Messrs. Lamp and Pytosh, who are listed under “The Board” above.
Name Principal Occupation, Experience and Qualifications
Tracy D. Jackson
Age: 51
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer (since 2018)
Ms. Jackson has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since May 2018. Prior to joining CVR Energy, Ms. Jackson held various positions at Tesoro Corporation and Tesoro Logistics LP including Vice President and Controller from March 2015 to October 2016, Vice President of Financial Planning and Analytics from September 2013 to March 2015, Vice President of Finance and Treasurer from October 2010 to September 2013, and Vice President of Internal Audit from May 2007 to September 2010. Ms. Jackson obtained her undergraduate Bachelor of Business Administration and Accounting in 1993 and a Master of Business Administration in May 2012 from the University of Texas at San Antonio. Ms. Jackson is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Internal Auditor and Certified Information Systems Auditor.
Melissa M. Buhrig
Age: 45
Executive Vice President,
General Counsel and Secretary
(since 2018)
Ms. Buhrig has served as our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since July 2018. Prior to joining CVR Energy, Ms. Buhrig served as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Delek US Holdings, Inc. and the general partner of Delek Logistics Partners, LP from October 2017 to June 2018 and held various positions with Western Refining, Inc. (“WNR”) from November 2005 until June 2017 including Senior Vice President - Services and Compliance Officer from August 2016 until WNR’s acquisition by Andeavor in July 2017, and Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary and Compliance Officer of the general partner of Northern Tier Energy, LP (a WNR affiliate) from March 2014 until August 2016. Ms. Buhrig received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctor with honors from the University of Miami School of Law.
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Matthew W. Bley
Age: 39
Chief Accounting Officer and
Corporate Controller (since 2018)
Mr. Bley has served as our Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller since May 2018. Prior to joining CVR Energy, Mr. Bley held the roles of Assistant Controller of reporting from March 2015 to April 2018, Senior Manager of Financial Reporting from September 2013 to March 2015 and Manager of Accounting Research from May 2012 to September 2013 for Andeavor (formerly Tesoro). Mr. Bley received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and a Master of Science in Accounting from Trinity University in 2004 and 2005, respectively. In addition, he received a Master of Business Administration from Baylor University and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our officers and directors and each person who owns more than 10% of our outstanding common units, to file reports of their common unit ownership and changes in their ownership of our common units with the SEC. Based solely on our review of the copies of such reports furnished to us or such representations, as appropriate, to our knowledge, all of our executive officers and directors, and other persons who owned more than 10% of our outstanding common units, fully complied with the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) during 2020.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
The following discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements (the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”) of our named executive officers (defined below) for 2020 should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures set forth below. This discussion contains forward looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations, and determinations regarding future compensation actions. Our actual compensation actions may differ materially from the currently planned programs and payouts summarized in this discussion.
Named Executive Officers
The “named executive officers” in this Form 10-K are as follows:
(1)David L. Lamp, our Executive Chairman;
(2)Mark A. Pytosh, our President and Chief Executive Officer;
(3)Tracy D. Jackson, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer;
(4)The next two most highly compensated individuals who were serving as executive officers at the end of the last completed fiscal year (Melissa M. Buhrig, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary; and Matthew W. Bley, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller).
As of January 1, 2020, neither the Partnership nor our general partner directly employed our named executive officers. All of our named executive officers are employed by CVR Services, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, and all of our named executive officers divide their time between working for us and working for CVR Energy and its other subsidiaries.
The approximate weighted-average percentages of the amount of time that the named executive officers dedicated to the management of our business in 2020 were as follows: David L. Lamp (10%); Mark A. Pytosh (60%); Tracy D. Jackson (18%); Melissa M. Buhrig (20%); and Matthew W. Bley (20%). These numbers are weighted because the named executive officers may spend a different percentage of their time dedicated to our business each quarter. The remainder of their time, if any, was spent working for CVR Energy and its other subsidiaries.
Our named executive officers provide services to us under a Corporate Master Service Agreement (the “Corporate MSA”) between CVR Services and certain of its affiliates, including CVR Energy, CVR GP and the Partnership and its subsidiaries, effective January 1, 2020, which was approved by the Conflicts Committee of the Board. Under the Corporate MSA:
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•CVR Services makes available to our General Partner the services of certain CVR Energy executive officers and employees, some of whom serve as executive officers of our General Partner;
•We, our General Partner and our operating subsidiaries, as the case may be, are obligated to reimburse CVR Services for any portion of the costs that CVR Services incurs in providing compensation and benefits to such CVR Energy executive officers and employees while they are providing services to us, as well as our allocated portion of performance-based performance plans, incentive units and performance units issued by CVR Energy and its Subsidiaries to those employees providing services to us under the Corporate MSA; and
•We pay CVR Services a monthly fee for goods and services supplied under the Corporate MSA, subject to netting and an annual true up, as well as pass-through of any direct costs incurred on behalf of a service recipient without markup.
Either CVR Services or our General Partner may terminate the Corporate MSA upon at least 90 days’ notice. For more information on the Corporate MSA, see “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence - Agreements with CVR Energy.”
Compensation Philosophy, Objectives and Processes
Our Compensation Committee approves compensation only for Mr. Pytosh (other than 40% of his base salary and annual bonus and equity-based incentives attributable to his service to CVR Energy and its subsidiaries, which are set by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors of CVR Energy (the “CVI Compensation Committee”)). Although our Compensation Committee generally engages in discussions with the CVI Compensation Committee regarding compensation for our named executive officers and the performance of such named executive officers, it does not determine the compensation of those named executive officers other than Mr. Pytosh, and has no control over and does not establish or direct the compensation policies or practices of CVR Energy. Accordingly, while the compensation philosophies, objectives and processes described below are generally applicable to both the Partnership and CVR Energy, the remainder of this Compensation Discussion and Analysis discusses CVR Partners’ compensation programs in which references to our named executive officers refer solely to Mr. Pytosh, except where otherwise indicated.
In establishing named executive officer compensation, our Compensation Committee (and the CVI Compensation Committee) generally seeks to compensate named executive officers in a way that meaningfully aligns their interests with the interests of our unitholders, including:
•Incentivizing important business priorities such as safety, reliability, environmental performance and earnings growth;
•Aligning the named executive officers’ interests with those of our unitholders and stakeholders, including providing long-term economic benefits to the unitholders;
•Providing competitive financial incentives in the form of salary, bonuses and benefits with the goal of retaining and attracting talented and highly motivated executive officers; and
•Maintaining a compensation program whereby the named executive officers, through exceptional performance and equity-based incentive awards, have the opportunity to realize economic rewards commensurate with appropriate gains of other unitholders and stakeholders.
The Compensation Committee takes these main objectives into consideration when creating its compensation programs, setting each element of compensation under those programs, and determining the proper mix of the various compensation elements. Named executive officer compensation will generally include a mix of fixed elements, intended to provide stability, as well as variable elements, which align pay and performance, incentivizing and rewarding our named executive officers in years where the Partnership achieves superior results.
The Compensation Committee also generally considers, among other factors, the success and performance of the Partnership, the contributions of named executive officers to such success and performance, and the current economic conditions and industry environment in which the Partnership operates. From time to time, the Compensation Committee may utilize various tools in evaluating and establishing named executive officer compensation, including their own common sense, knowledge and experience, as well as some or all of the following:
•Input from Board members or management. The Compensation Committee may from time to time ask that certain members of the Board and/or management provide information and recommendations relating to named executive officer compensation. Such information typically includes the named executive officers’ roles and responsibilities, job
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performance, the Partnership’s performance generally and among the industry, and such other information as may be requested by the Compensation Committee.
•Market data and peer comparisons. The Compensation Committee may utilize market data derived from the executive pay practices and levels of industry companies supplemented with broad-based compensation survey data, survey data from the energy, refining and processing industries that influence the competitive market for executive compensation levels and/or from companies comparable to the Company in terms of size and scale.
•The analysis, judgment and expertise of an independent compensation consultant. The Compensation Committee may engage an independent outside compensation consultant periodically to provide a comprehensive analysis and recommendations regarding named executive officer compensation.
Our Compensation Committee periodically evaluates and considers risks of our compensation policies and practices and those of CVR Energy as generally applicable to employees, including our named executive officers. Our Compensation Committee believes that neither our policies and practices nor the policies and practices of CVR Energy encourage excessive or unnecessary risk-taking, and are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. In reaching this conclusion, our Compensation Committee reviewed and discussed the design features, characteristics, and performance metrics of our compensation programs, approval mechanisms for compensation, and observed the following factors, among others, which the Compensation Committee believes reduces risks associated with our and CVR Energy’s compensation policies and practices:
•Our compensation policies and practices are centrally designed and administered;
•Our compensation is balanced among (i) fixed components like salary and benefits, and (ii) variable annual incentives tied to a mix of financial and operational performance, and (iii) long-term incentives;
•The Compensation Committee has discretion to adjust annual or performance-based awards when appropriate based on our interests and the interests of our unitholders; and
•Certain elements of our compensation contain claw-back provisions.
Compensation Process for 2020
In setting named executive officer compensation for 2020, while the Compensation Committee considered the philosophies and objectives described above, it did not engage an independent compensation consultant. Instead, the Compensation Committee considered input from management including the Executive Chairman and utilized the directors’ own common sense, knowledge and experience in assessing reasonableness of compensation and ensuring compensation levels remain competitive in the marketplace. The Compensation Committee further considered the structure it utilized for 2019 compensation, determined that no material changes to such structure was appropriate at this time, and elected to keep the structure of 2020 compensation generally consistent with the previous year.
2020 Named Executive Officer Compensation - CVR Partners
Compensation Elements. As with 2019, the three primary components of CVR Partners’ compensation program for 2020 included base salary, an annual performance-based cash bonus, and an annual equity-based incentive award vesting ratably over three years. The Compensation Committee has not adopted any formal or informal policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between long-term and current compensation.
Base Salary. Base salaries are set at a level intended to enable CVR Partners to hire and retain executives and to enhance the executive’s motivation in a highly competitive and dynamic environment. Rather than establishing compensation solely on a formula-driven basis, decisions by our Compensation Committee are made using an approach that considers several important factors in developing compensation levels. In determining base salary levels, the Compensation Committee takes into account the following factors: (i) CVR Partners’ financial and operational performance for the year; (ii) the previous years’ compensation level for each executive; (iii) recommendations of the Executive Chairman based on individual responsibilities and performance, (iv) the directors’ own common sense, knowledge, experience and views of the skills necessary for long-term performance; (v) whether individual base salaries reflect responsibility levels and are reasonable, competitive and fair; and (vi) each named executive officer’s commitment and ability to strategically meet business challenges, achieve financial results, promote legal and ethical compliance, lead their own business or business team for which they are responsible and diligently and effectively respond to immediate needs of the volatile industry and business environment. In February 2020, considering the factors set forth above, the Compensation Committee established 2020 base salary for Mr. Pytosh of $340,549, making Mr. Pytosh’s total 2020 base salary, including time dedicated to CVR Energy, $567,582.
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Annual Performance-Based Bonus. During 2020, the Compensation Committee evaluated the metrics included in CVR Partners’ annual performance-based bonus program for 2019 (the “2019 UAN Plan”) and the Partnership’s Mission and Values described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis above, and further considered the Compensation Committee’s objectives of rewarding employees (including named executive officers) for measured performance, aligning employees’ interests with those of its unitholders, encouraging employees to focus on targeted performance, and providing employees with the opportunity to earn additional compensation based on their and the Partnership’s performance. In February 2020, the Compensation Committee considered these factors and, following consultation with Mr. Lamp, established the 2020 CVR Partners, LP Performance-Based Bonus Plan (the “2020 UAN Plan”), which applies to all eligible employees of the Partnership’s subsidiaries (including Mr. Pytosh), and contains terms generally equivalent to the 2019 UAN Plan, subject to adjustment of the definition of the Adjusted EBITDA Threshold under the 2020 UAN Plan to reflect an increase in turnaround reserve from $7 million to $8 million.
The 2020 UAN Plan includes a target bonus percentage for each participant, with possible payout between 0% and 150% of target based on achievement under the measures set forth in the 2020 UAN Plan. In setting Mr. Pytosh’s target bonus percentage for 2020, the Compensation Committee considered his bonus target for 2019, the total cash compensation to which Mr. Pytosh may be eligible in 2020, the expected ratio of salary to bonus and the Compensation Committee’s belief that a significant portion of its named executive officers’ compensation should be at risk based on individual and entity performance, and elected to keep his bonus target for 2020 the same as 2019, at 135% of base salary.
Payout under the 2020 UAN Plan was dependent first on achievement of an Adjusted EBITDA threshold of at least $83 million, and following achievement thereof, based upon the achievement of the Partnership under the performance measures specified below, followed by an adjustment based on employees’ individual performance. These performance measures, including the threshold, target and maximum performance goals for each such performance measure, were determined by the Compensation Committee based on its discussions with management including the Executive Chairman and the Directors’ knowledge and experience, and were selected with the goals of enforcing the Partnership’s Mission and Values, optimizing operations, maintaining financial stability and providing a safe and environmentally responsible workplace intended to maximize CVR Partners’ overall performance resulting in increased unitholder value. The Partnership performance measures in the 2020 UAN Plan were substantially the same as the 2019 UAN Plan, and included the following:
Environmental Health & Safety (“EH&S”) Measures (25%)
Three measures evenly weighted (33-1/3% each), including Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”), Process Safety Tier I Incident Rate (“PSIR”), and Environmental Events (“EE”), with achievement determined based on the following:
Percentage Change (over the prior year) Bonus Achievement
Increase in Incident Rate or Incidents Zero
0% 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
Decrease > 0% and < 3% Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
Decrease of 3% Target Percentage
Decrease > 3% and < 10% Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Decrease of 10% or more, or if TRIR is maintained at or below 1.0, PSIR at or below 0.2 and EE at or below 20 150% of Target (Maximum)
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Financial Measures (75%)
Four measures evenly weighted (25% each), including Reliability, Equipment Utilization, Operating Expenses and Return on Capital Employed (“ROCE”), with achievement determined based on the following:
Reliability Bonus Achievement
Greater than 8.0% Zero
8% 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
6.01% to 7.99% Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
6% Target Percentage
5.0% to 5.99% Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Less than 5.0% 150% of Target (Maximum)
Equipment Utilization Bonus Achievement
Less than 95% Zero
95% 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
95.01% to 99.99% Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
100% Target Percentage
100.01% to 104.99% Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Greater than 105% 150% of Target (Maximum)
Operating Expense Bonus Achievement
Greater than 103% Zero
103% 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
100.1% to 102.99% Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
100% Target Percentage
95% to 99.99% Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Less than 95% 150% of Target (Maximum)
ROCE (Ranking vs. Peer Group) Bonus Achievement
First (highest) 150% of Target (Maximum)
Second 125% of Target Percentage
Third 112.5% of Target Percentage
Fourth Target Percentage (100%)
Fifth 75% of Target Percentage
Sixth 50% of Target Percentage (Minimum)
Seventh Zero
The Peer Group utilized in the 2020 UAN Plan for determination of ROCE was selected by the Compensation Committee based on discussions with the Executive Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer and the Directors’ knowledge of the fertilizer industry, and was intended to include companies in the fertilizer industry with similar operations to the Partnership and those with which the Partnership competes for executive talent. The Compensation Committee elected to keep the Peer Group for 2020 the same as 2019, including CF Industries Holdings, Inc.; LSB Industries, Inc.; Nutrien Ltd.; The Andersons, Inc.; Green Plains Partners LP; and Flotek Industries Inc.
In February 2021, the Compensation Committee evaluated the performance of the Partnership under the 2020 UAN Plan. The Compensation Committee determined that the Partnership had achieved Adjusted EBITDA under the 2020 UAN Plan of $88 million, in excess of the Adjusted EBITDA Threshold of $83 million, and thereafter determined that the Partnership’s achievement of the metrics under the 2020 UAN Plan resulted in payout of 116% of target, based on the following:
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Measure 2020 Actual Bonus Achievement
EH&S: TRIR Increase of 17% 0 %
PSIR Increase of 267% 0 %
EE Less than 20 150 %
Overall EH&S 50 %
Financial: Reliability 2.5% 150 %
Equipment Utilization 105.0% 150 %
Operating Expenses 95.0% 150 %
ROCE 7% (Fourth) 100 %
Overall Financial 138 %
In February 2021, the Compensation Committee approved payout to Mr. Pytosh under the 2020 UAN Plan of $535,700, approximately 116% of his respective target annual bonus based on his base salary for the Partnership. The CVI Compensation Committee awarded no payout to Mr. Pytosh under the 2020 performance-based bonus plan for CVR Energy (the “2020 CVI Plan”).
Equity-Based Incentive Awards. The Compensation Committee believes equity-based compensation is one of the most crucial elements of its compensation program. The amount of equity awards is made after consideration of various relevant factors including the named executives’ overall compensation package, the compensation philosophies and objectives described above, the Partnership’s interest in rewarding long-term performance of, and in retaining, its named executive officers and the ability to generate greater future value if the value of CVR Partners increases for all of its unitholders. CVR Partners established its long-term incentive plan in March 2011 (the “CVR Partners LTIP”) in connection with the completion of its initial public offering in April 2011. The Compensation Committee may elect to make grants of restricted units, options, phantom units or other equity-based awards under the CVR Partners LTIP in its discretion or may recommend grants to the Board for its approval, as determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. Effective December 2020, the Compensation Committee awarded to Mr. Pytosh 93,288 phantom units of the Partnership, as part of his 2021 compensation, which phantom units vest ratably over three years, subject to the terms and conditions of the award agreement.
Perquisites. The total value of all perquisites and personal benefits provided to each of its named executive officers in 2020 was less than $10,000.
Benefits. During 2020, all the named executive officers participated in the health benefits, welfare and retirement plans of CVR Energy.
Other Forms of Compensation. Mr. Lamp has provisions in his employment agreements with CVR Energy that provide for severance benefits in the event a termination of his employment under certain circumstances. These severance provisions are described below in “Change-in-Control and Termination Payments.” In September 2018, Messrs. Pytosh and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig became subject to a Change in Control Severance Plan (the “CVI Severance Plan”) which provides for severance benefits in the event of a termination of his or her employment under certain circumstances. These severance provisions are described below in “Change-in-Control and Termination Payments.”
2020 Named Executive Officer Compensation - CVR Energy
The objectives, considerations and process utilized by the CVI Compensation Committee in general, as well as in setting 2020 compensation for named executive officers of CVR Energy was virtually identical to the objectives, considerations, process, and structure used by the Compensation Committee. Related to 2020, the CVI Compensation Committee approved:
•2020 Compensation Structure. Compensation structure consistent with the compensation structure approved by the Compensation Committee including a mix of base salary, performance-based bonus compensation, and long-term incentives;
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•2020 Base Salaries. Base salaries for Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh (as to 40% of his base salary), and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig, of $1,000,000; $227,033; $289,626; $470,459; and $538,125, respectively;
•2020 Equity-Based Incentive Awards. Incentive units in connection with the long-term incentive plan of CVR Energy (the “CVI LTIP”) granted December 2019 for Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig of 32,737; 9,620; 3,688; 11,960; and 13,422, respectively, which vest in one-third increments each December following the date of award, subject to the terms and conditions of the award agreement;
•2020 Performance-Based Bonus Plan. The 2020 CVI Plan, including target payouts as a percentage of base salary of 150% for Mr. Lamp, 135% for Mr. Pytosh, 120% for each of Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and 60% for Mr. Bley, contained terms and performance measures substantially similar to the performance-based bonus plan of CVI for 2019 (the “2019 CVI Plan”) and the 2020 UAN Plan subject to adjustment of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Threshold to reflect changed inventory accounting treatment. The peer group in the 2020 CVI Plan is the same as the 2019 CVI Plan, and included six publicly traded petroleum refining and marketing companies the CVI Compensation Committee considered to be similar to CVR Energy with respect to operations and also competitive with CVR Energy for executive talent (Valero Energy Corp.; Marathon Petroleum Corp.; PBF Energy Inc.; Delek US Holdings, Inc.; HollyFrontier Corp.; Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.). In February 2021, the CVI Compensation Committee evaluated the performance metrics contained in the 2020 CVI Plan and determined that, due to market conditions including the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the refining industry, CVR Energy did not meet the Adjusted EBITDA threshold contained in the 2020 CVI Plan. As a result, the CVI Compensation Committee awarded no payouts to the named executive officers under the 2020 CVI Plan. However, based on individual performance, significant achievements and related factors, the CVI Compensation Committee approved discretionary bonuses to Messrs. Pytosh and Bley and to Mses. Jackson and Buhrig, of $21,000, $7,700, $19,600, and $25,500, respectively.
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Compensation Committee Report
The Compensation Committee of our general partner has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Report.
Compensation Committee
Frank M. Muller, Jr. (Chair)
Andrew Langham
February 23, 2021
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Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the compensation paid to the named executive officers during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. All compensation paid to such named executive officers is reflected in the table, not only the portion of compensation attributable to services performed for our business.
Name and Principal Position Year Salary
(1) Bonus
(2) Stock Awards (3) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation (1, 4) All Other Compensation
(5)
Total
David L. Lamp, Executive Chairman 2020 $ 1,000,000 $ - $ 2,144,005 $ - $ 20,801 $ 3,164,806
2019 1,000,000 - 1,500,000 1,770,000 20,364 4,290,364
2018 1,000,000 - 1,500,035 1,875,000 20,064 4,395,099
Mark A. Pytosh, President and Chief Executive Officer 2020 $ 567,582 $ 21,000 $ 1,772,104 $ 535,700 $ 19,511 $ 2,915,897
2019 551,050 457,300 1,102,000 818,000 20,364 2,948,714
2018 535,000 310,500 1,070,011 799,500 17,742 2,732,753
Tracy D. Jackson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 2020 $ 470,459 $ 19,600 $ 807,565 $ - $ 18,390 $ 1,316,014
2019 456,756 200,800 548,000 621,300 17,865 1,844,721
2018 272,715 96,400 1,044,019 412,400 91,901 1,917,435
Melissa M. Buhrig, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary 2020 $ 538,125 $ 25,500 $ 923,340 $ - $ 17,941 $ 1,504,906
2019 512,500 236,100 615,000 737,000 99,410 2,200,010
2018 230,769 125,800 1,500,039 349,000 301,934 2,507,542
Matthew W. Bley, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller 2020 $ 289,626 $ 7,700 $ 248,697 $ - $ 17,561 $ 563,584
2019 281,190 96,100 169,000 189,200 17,044 752,534
2018 185,098 38,000 340,015 130,500 119,138 812,751
(1)For 2018, amounts in the “Salary” and “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” columns for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and Mr. Bley were prorated for the year in which their employment commenced based on their start dates in May 2018, July 2018 and April 2018, respectively.
(2)Amounts in this column include the discretionary bonus amount, if any, paid based on individual performance, significant achievements and related factors.
(3)Amounts in this column reflect the aggregate grant date fair value, as calculated in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), of incentive units granted to each named executive officer during the periods specified in connection with the CVI LTIP, and for Mr. Pytosh, incentive units granted in connection with the CVI LTIP plus phantom units granted under the CVR Partners LTIP, except that, for 2018 for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and Mr. Bley, this amount also includes incentive awards made in connection with their hire of $522,003, $900,017, and $175,001, respectively.
(4)Amounts in this column reflect: (a) for 2020, for Mr. Pytosh, amounts earned under the 2020 UAN Plan, which are expected to be paid in March 2021; and (b) for 2019 and 2018, amounts earned under the applicable performance-based bonus plans for CVR Energy and, with respect to Mr. Pytosh, also for the Partnership.
(5)Amounts in this column for 2020 include the following: (a) a company contribution under the CVR Energy 401(k) plan of $17,100 for each of Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig; and (b) a company contribution under the CVR Energy basic life insurance program of $3,701 for Mr. Lamp, $2,411 for Mr. Pytosh, $1,290 for Ms. Jackson, $841 for Ms. Buhrig, and $461 for Mr. Bley. Amounts in this column for 2019 include the following: (a) a company contribution under the CVR Energy 401(k) plan of $16,800 for each of Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Ms. Jackson, and $8,577 for Ms. Buhrig; (b) a company contribution under the CVR Energy basic life insurance program of $3,564 for Messrs. Lamp and Pytosh, $1,065 for Ms. Jackson, $540 for Ms. Buhrig, and $244 for Mr. Bley; and (c) a company relocation contribution of $90,293 for Ms. Buhrig. Amounts in this column for 2018 include the following: (a) a company contribution under the CVR Energy 401(k) plan of $16,500 for each of Messrs. Lamp, and Pytosh and Ms. Jackson; $9,423 for Ms. Buhrig and $11,106 for Mr. Bley; (b) a company contribution under the CVR Energy basic life insurance program of $3,564 for Mr. Lamp, $1,242 for Mr. Pytosh, $401 for Ms. Jackson, $228 for Ms. Buhrig, and $141 for Mr. Bley; and (c) $75,000, $292,282 and $107,891 in relocation expenses for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and Mr. Bley, respectively, which includes moving expenses and other relocation services and payments including a related tax gross-up of $114,788 and $34,261 for Ms. Buhrig and Mr. Bley, respectively.
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As described in more detail in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, named executive officers, including Mr. Pytosh, are employed by CVR Services and dedicated only a portion of their time to our business in 2020. Mr. Pytosh dedicated a portion of his time to CVR Energy and its subsidiaries during 2020.
The following table outlines 2020 compensation paid or granted to the named executive officers who are employed by CVR Services and was attributable to their service to our business, based on the approximate percentage of time that each of them dedicated to our business during 2020, including the Stock Award and Non-Equity Incentive Compensation for Mr. Pytosh granted to him by the Compensation Committee.
Name Salary Stock Awards (1) Non-Equity Incentive
Compensation Other
David L. Lamp $ 100,000 $ 214,401 $ - $ 2,080
Mark A. Pytosh 340,549 1,123,188 535,700 11,707
Tracy D. Jackson 84,683 145,362 - 3,310
Melissa M. Buhrig 107,625 184,668 - 3,588
Matthew W. Bley 57,925 49,739 - 3,512
(1)Amounts in these columns reflect the attributable grant date fair value, as calculated in accordance with ASC 718, of (i) certain incentive units awarded to Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig by CVR Energy during 2020; and (ii) phantom units awarded to Mr. Pytosh under the CVR Partners LTIP during 2020.
Grants of Plan-Based Awards
The following table sets forth information concerning amounts that could have been earned by our named executive officers under the 2020 UAN Plan and the 2020 CVI Plan, as well granted under the CVR Partners LTIP and the CVI LTIP, as applicable, during 2020.
Estimated Future Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards (1) Estimated Future Payouts under Equity Incentive
Plan Awards (2)
Name Bonus Plan /
Award Type
Grant Date Threshold (3) Target Maximum Number
of Shares of
Stock or Units Grant Date Fair Value
David L. Lamp 2020 CVI Plan n/a $ 62,250 $ 1,500,000 $ 2,250,000 - -
Incentive Units 12/9/20 - - - 134,168 $ 2,144,005
Mark A. Pytosh 2020 CVI Plan n/a $ 12,720 $ 306,495 $ 459,743 - -
2020 UAN Plan n/a 19,079 459,741 689,612 - -
Incentive Units 12/9/20 - - - 40,608 $ 648,916
Phantom Units 12/9/20 - - - 93,288 1,123,188
Tracy D. Jackson 2020 CVI Plan n/a $ 23,429 $ 564,551 $ 846,827 - -
Incentive Units 12/9/20 - - - 50,536 $ 807,565
Melissa M. Buhrig 2020 CVI Plan n/a $ 26,799 $ 645,750 $ 968,625 - -
Incentive Units 12/9/20 - - - 57,781 $ 923,340
Matthew W. Bley 2020 CVI Plan n/a $ 7,212 $ 173,776 $ 260,664 - -
Incentive Units 12/9/20 - - - 15,563 $ 248,697
(1)Amounts in these columns reflect amounts that could have been earned by the named executive officers under the 2020 UAN Plan (with respect to Mr. Pytosh) or under the 2020 CVI Plan (with respect to Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig) in respect of 2020 performance with respect to each performance measure, excluding the impact of any individual discretionary performance adjustments. The performance measures and related goals for 2020 are set by the Compensation Committee and the CVI Compensation Committee, as applicable, as described in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”
(2)Amounts in these columns reflect the number of and grant date fair value, as calculated in accordance with ASC 718, of (i) certain incentive units awarded to Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig by CVR Energy under the CVI LTIP during 2020; and (ii) phantom units awarded to Mr. Pytosh under the CVR Partners LTIP during 2020.
(3)For the 2020 CVI Plan and the 2020 UAN Plan, ‘Threshold’ represents the minimum payout under the 2020 CVI Plan and the 2020 UAN Plan, as applicable, assuming CVR Energy and the Partnership, as applicable, have satisfied the Adjusted EBITDA Threshold and
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have achieved performance under one of the EH&S measures equal to the prior year performance, resulting in a payout of 50% of the 8.33% measure value, or 4.16% of total target payout. For more information and full description of the 2020 CVI Plan and the 2020 UAN Plan, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.” However, in certain circumstances, including in the event the Adjusted EBITDA threshold is not achieved, the named executive officers may receive payout that is less than the Threshold or zero.
Employment Agreements
Employment Agreements with CVR Partners. None of our named executive officers have an employment agreement with the Partnership, the General Partner or their subsidiaries.
Employment Agreements with CVR Energy. None of our named executive officers have an employment agreement with CVR Energy or its subsidiaries other than Mr. Lamp. On November 1, 2017, CVR Energy entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Lamp, as chief executive officer of CVR Energy, effective January 1, 2018. The agreement has a four-year term continuing through December 31, 2021, unless otherwise terminated by CVR Energy or Mr. Lamp. Mr. Lamp receives an annual base salary of $1,000,000 and is also eligible to receive a performance-based annual cash bonus with a target payment equal to 150% of his annual base salary, to be based upon individual and/or company performance criteria as established by the CVI Compensation Committee. In addition, Mr. Lamp is entitled to participate in such health, insurance, retirement and other employee benefit plans and programs of CVR Energy as in effect from time to time on the same basis as other senior executives of CVR Energy. Mr. Lamp is also eligible to receive annually performance units pursuant to the CVI LTIP having an aggregate value of $1.5 million, or such other form of award as may be agreed upon by Mr. Lamp and the CVI Compensation Committee. Mr. Lamp is also eligible to receive an incentive payment of $10 million (the “Incentive Payment”) payable if either the conditions set forth in the employment agreement or the conditions set forth in a separate Performance Unit Award Agreement (“PU Award Agreement”) are fulfilled. The Incentive Payment becomes payable: (a) under the employment agreement, if on or prior to December 31, 2021, either (i) a transaction is consummated which constitutes a change in control (as defined in the employment agreement), or (ii) the Board approves a transaction which, if consummated, would constitute a change in control and such transaction is consummated on or prior to December 31, 2022; or (b) under the PU Award Agreement, the average closing price of CVR Energy’s common stock over the 30-trading day period beginning on January 4, 2022 and ending on February 15, 2022 is equal to or greater than $60.00 per share (subject to any equitable adjustments required to account for splits, dividends, combinations, acquisitions, dispositions, recapitalizations and the like). Payment of the Incentive Payment is conditioned upon Mr. Lamp remaining employed with CVR Energy through December 30, 2021 (unless terminated by CVR Energy without cause or by Mr. Lamp for good reason (as defined in the employment agreement) on or after the satisfaction of the foregoing conditions and prior to December 30, 2021). Subject to the foregoing conditions, the Incentive Payment will, if it becomes payable, be paid within 30 days. For the avoidance of doubt, Mr. Lamp will not under any circumstance be entitled to receive more than one Incentive Payment and if he becomes entitled to the Incentive Payment under the terms of the employment agreement, Mr. Lamp will immediately forfeit any right to payments under the PU Award Agreement. The employment agreement requires Mr. Lamp to abide by a perpetual restrictive covenant relating to non-disclosure and non-disparagement and also includes covenants relating to non-solicitation and non-competition that govern during his employment and thereafter for the period severance is paid and, if no severance is paid, for six months following termination of employment. In addition, Mr. Lamp’s employment agreement provides for certain severance payments that may be due following termination of his employment under certain circumstances, which are described below under “Change-in-Control and Termination Payments.” The description of these agreements are qualified in their entirety by the text of such agreements, each as referenced as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
The following table sets forth information concerning outstanding equity awards granted pursuant to the CVR Partners LTIP that were held by certain of the named executive officers as of December 31, 2020, as well as outstanding incentive unit awards made by CVR Energy pursuant to the CVI LTIP and for which the Partnership will share in the expense. This table also includes incentive unit awards made by CVR Energy to Mr. Pytosh for which the Partnership does not share in the expense. All of the outstanding shares or units reflected below are subject to accelerated vesting under certain circumstances as described in more detail in the section titled “Change-in-Control and Termination Payments” below.
Equity Awards That Have Not Vested
Name Award Type Grant Date (1) Number of Shares or
Units Market Value of Shares or Units (2)
David L. Lamp Incentive Units 12/14/18 13,217 (3) $ 253,106
Incentive Units 12/13/19 21,824 (3) 351,366
Incentive Units 12/09/20 134,168 (3) $ 1,999,103
Mark A. Pytosh Phantom Units 12/14/18 5,661 $ 113,333
Incentive Units 12/14/18 3,771 72,215
Phantom Units 12/13/19 12,795 204,976
Incentive Units 12/13/19 6,413 103,249
Phantom Units 12/09/20 93,288 1,494,474
Incentive Units 12/09/20 40,608 605,059
Tracy D. Jackson Incentive Units 12/14/18 4,599 (3) $ 88,071
Incentive Units 12/13/19 7,973 (3) 128,365
Incentive Units 12/09/20 50,536 (3) 752,986
Melissa M. Buhrig Incentive Units 12/14/18 5,287 (3) $ 101,246
Incentive Units 12/13/19 8,948 (3) 144,063
Incentive Units 12/09/20 57,781 (3) 860,937
Matthew W. Bley Incentive Units 12/14/18 1,454 (3) $ 27,844
Incentive Units 12/13/19 2,458 (3) 39,574
Incentive Units 12/09/20 15,563 (3) 231,889
(1)The incentive or phantom units generally vest in one-third annual increments in December of each of the three years following the Grant Date, subject to the terms of the applicable award agreement.
(2)This column represents the number of unvested units outstanding on December 31, 2020, multiplied by: (a) for incentive units issued on December 9, 2020, $14.90 (equal to the December 31, 2020, closing price of CVR Energy common stock (the “CVI Closing Price”)); (b) for incentive units issued on December 13, 2019, $16.10 (equal to the CVI Closing Price plus $1.20 in accrued dividends); (c) for incentive units issued on December 14, 2018, $19.15 (equal to the CVI Closing Price plus $4.25 in accrued dividends); (d) for phantom units issued on December 9, 2020, $16.02 (equal to the December 31, 2020 closing price of Partnership common units (the “UAN Closing Price”)); (e) for phantom units issued on December 13, 2019, $16.02 (equal to the UAN Closing Price); and (f) for phantom units issued on December 14, 2018, $20.02 (equal to the UAN Closing Price, plus $4.00 in accrued distributions which has been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Unit Split).
(3)The Partnership will share in its prorated share of the costs associated with these awards based on the percentage of time that the executive dedicates to our business during the vesting term.
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Equity Awards Vested During Fiscal Year 2020
This table reflects the portion of phantom units granted pursuant to the CVR Partners LTIP as well as incentive unit awards made by CVR Energy for which the Partnership shared in the expense that vested during 2020. This table also includes incentive unit awards made to Mr. Pytosh by CVR Energy that vested during 2020.
Equity Awards
Name Award Type Number of Shares or Units Acquired on Vesting Value Realized on Vesting
David L. Lamp Incentive Units 13,217 $ 261,697 (1)
Incentive Units 10,913 181,047 (2)
Mark A. Pytosh Incentive Units 10,999 $ 143,207 (3)
Phantom Units 6,167 99,905 (4)(5)
Incentive Units 3,771 74,666 (1)
Phantom Units 5,662 88,780 (4)(5)
Incentive Units 3,207 53,204 (2)
Phantom Units 6,398 65,324 (6)
Tracy D. Jackson Incentive Units 10,229 $ 123,362 (7)
Incentive Units 4,600 91,080 (1)
Incentive Units 3,987 66,144 (2)
Melissa M. Buhrig Incentive Units 13,357 $ 161,085 (7)
Incentive Units 5,287 104,683 (1)
Incentive Units 4,474 74,224 (2)
Matthew W. Bley Incentive Units 4,023 $ 50,569 (8)
Incentive Units 1,454 28,789 (1)
Incentive Units 1,230 20,406 (2)
(1)For incentive units for Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig that vested during fiscal year 2020, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the average closing price of CVR Energy’s common stock in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) $4.25 in accrued dividends.
(2)For incentive units for Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Bley and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig that vested during fiscal year 2020, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the average closing price of CVR Energy’s common stock in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) $1.20 in accrued dividends
(3)For incentive units for Mr. Pytosh that vested during fiscal year 2020, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the fair market value of CVR Refining’s common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $2.52 per unit.
(4)For phantom units that vested during fiscal year 2020, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the average closing price of CVR Partners’ common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $4.00 per unit.
(5)Accrued distributions have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Unit Split.
(6)For phantom units that vested during fiscal year 2020, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to the average closing price of CVR Partners’ common units in accordance with the agreement.
(7)For incentive units for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig that vested during fiscal year 2020, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the fair market value of CVR Refining’s common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $1.56 per unit.
(8)For incentive units that vested during fiscal year 2020, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the fair market value of CVR Refining’s common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $2.07 per unit.
Reimbursement of Expenses of Our General Partner
Our General Partner and its affiliates are reimbursed for expenses incurred on our behalf under the Corporate MSA. See “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence - Agreements with CVR Energy and its Subsidiaries”. These expenses include the costs of employee, officer and director compensation and benefits properly allocable to us, and all other expenses necessary or appropriate to the conduct of our business and allocable to us. These expenses also include costs incurred by CVR Energy or its affiliates in rendering corporate staff and support services to us pursuant to the Corporate MSA, including a pro-rata portion of the compensation of CVR Energy’s executive officers who provide
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management services to us based on the amount of time such executive officers devote to our business. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the total amount paid to our general partner and its affiliates (including amounts paid to CVR Energy pursuant to the Corporate MSA) was approximately $12.6 million.
Our partnership agreement provides that our general partner determines which of its affiliates’ expenses are allocable to us and the Corporate MSA provides that CVR Energy invoice us monthly for services provided thereunder. Our General Partner may dispute the costs that CVR Energy charges us under the Corporate MSA, but we are not entitled to a refund of any disputed cost unless it is determined not to be a reasonable cost incurred by CVR Energy in connection with services it provided.
Change-in-Control and Termination Payments
Certain of our named executive officers are entitled to severance and other benefits from CVR Energy following the termination of their employment under certain circumstances.
David L. Lamp. Under his employment agreement, if Mr. Lamp’s employment is terminated due to death or disability, or by CVR Energy without cause and not in connection with a change in control, he (or his estate, in the event of termination due to death) is entitled to: (a) any accrued but unpaid amounts, plus (b) salary continuation for the lesser of six months and the remainder of the term of the employment agreement (such period, the “Lamp Post-Employment Period”), plus (c) a pro-rata bonus for the year in which termination occurs based on actual results. For terminations due to disability, Mr. Lamp is also entitled to disability benefits. If Mr. Lamp’s employment is terminated either by CVR Energy without cause or by Mr. Lamp for good reason (as these terms are defined in his employment agreement) within the one year following a change in control (as defined in his employment agreement) or in specified circumstances prior to and in connection with a change in control, Mr. Lamp will receive the Incentive Payment within 30 days following the consummation of the change in control. Mr. Lamp does not receive any payments or benefits in the event of retirement other than benefits accrued prior to such termination. As a condition to receiving these severance payments and benefits, Mr. Lamp must execute, deliver and not revoke a general release of claims and abide by restrictive covenants relating to non-solicitation and non-competition during Mr. Lamp’s employment term, and thereafter during the period he receives severance payments or supplemental disability payments, as applicable, or for six months following the end of the term (if no severance or disability payments are payable), as well as a perpetual restrictive covenant relating to non-disclosure and non-disparagement and covenants relating to non-solicitation and noncompetition. If any payments or distributions due to Mr. Lamp under his employment agreement would be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code, then such payments or distributions will be “cut back” only if that reduction would be more beneficial to him on an after-tax basis than if there was no reduction.
Other Named Executive Officers. Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and Messrs. Pytosh, and Bley do not have employment agreements. However, under the CVI Severance Plan, Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and Messrs. Pytosh and Bley are generally eligible for certain payments in the event of their involuntary termination (other than for cause, as defined in the CVI Severance Plan) or their resignation for good reason (as defined in the CVI Severance Plan), in each case, within the 120 days preceding or the 24 months following a change in control (as defined in the CVI Severance Plan) including any amounts accrued prior to termination, plus a lump sum payment equal to twelve months of base salary plus the average annual bonus paid during the preceding three years (or target in the event of no bonus history). They are also entitled to acceleration of unvested equity awards. These payouts are subject to various conditions including the execution of a release agreement, a perpetual restrictive covenant relating to non-disclosure and non-disparagement and covenants relating to non-solicitation and non-competition for a period of 12 months.
The amounts of potential post-employment payments and benefits in the table below assume that the triggering event took place on December 31, 2020. Pursuant to the Corporate MSA, we are responsible for the payment of our proportionate share of the “CVI Severance Plan” and other benefits costs following the termination of employment of the named executive officers that are employed by CVR Services.
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Cash Severance Benefit Continuation
Death Disability Retirement Termination without Cause or with Good Reason (4) Death Disability Retirement Termination without Cause or with Good Reason (4)
(1) (2) (1) (2)
David L. Lamp (3) $ 693,101 $ 693,101 $ 193,101 $ 693,101 $ 10,000,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Mark A. Pytosh - - - - 1,608,132 - - - - -
Tracy D. Jackson - - - - 1,035,010 - - - - -
Melissa M. Buhrig - - - - 1,183,875 - - - - -
Matthew W. Bley - - - - 463,402 - - - - -
(1)Severance payments and benefits in the event of termination without cause or resignation for good reason not in connection with a change in control.
(2)Severance payments and benefits in the event of termination without cause or resignation for good reason in connection with a change in control.
(3)For Mr. Lamp, payments upon (a) death, disability, or termination without cause or resignation for good reason not in connection with a change in control include: (i) base salary payable for six months under his employment agreement, plus (ii) a pro-rata bonus under the applicable bonus plan based on actual achievement, plus (iii) Accrued Amounts (as defined in his employment agreement), and (b) termination without cause or resignation for good reason in connection with a change in control includes payout of the incentive payment set forth under his employment agreement.
(4)For all named executive officers other than Mr. Lamp, payments in the termination without cause or with good reason column include, under the CVI Severance Plan, a lump sum of twelve months’ base pay plus the average of the preceding three years’ annual bonus (or current target in the absence of three-year bonus history).
Certain of our named executive officers have received incentive unit awards under the CVI LTIP, as well as phantom unit awards under the CVR Partners LTIP, each of which generally represents the right to receive, upon vesting, a cash payment equal to (i) the number of units times the average closing price of a common share of CVR Energy or a common unit of Partnership for the ten trading days preceding vesting, plus (ii) the per unit cash value of all dividends declared and paid by CVR Energy or distributions declared and paid by the Partnership, as applicable, from the grant date to and including the vesting date. These awards generally provide for acceleration upon certain termination events, as follows:
•If the incentive units or phantom units, as applicable, are cancelled or if such named executive officer (a) is terminated other than for cause or (b) is terminated due to death or disability, then the portion of the award scheduled to vest in the year in which such event occurs becomes immediately vested and the remaining portion is forfeited. If such named executive officer is terminated other than for cause or resigns for good reason in connection with a change in control all unvested awards accelerate.
The following table reflects the value of accelerated vesting of the unvested incentive units and phantom units, as applicable, held by the named executive officers assuming the triggering event took place on December 31, 2020. For the purposes of phantom units awarded, the value is based on the 20-day average closing price for the Partnership common units for the 20 trading days preceding December 31, 2020, or $13.80 per unit. For the purposes of the incentive units awarded in December 2020, the value is based on the 20-day average closing price for the CVR Energy common stock for the 20-trading days preceding December 31, 2020, or $15.19 per share.
Value of Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Unit and Incentive Unit Awards
Death Disability Retirement Termination without Cause or with Good Reason
(1) (2)
David L. Lamp $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 2,652,646
Mark A. Pytosh - - - - 2,359,964
Tracy D. Jackson - - - - 987,725
Melissa M. Buhrig - - - - 1,127,131
Matthew W. Bley - - - - 304,955
(1)Termination without cause or resignation for good reason not in connection with a change in control.
(2)Termination without cause or resignation for good reason in connection with a change in control.
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Pay Ratio
For 2020, we conducted separate comparisons of the median employee’s total annual compensation to the total annual compensation of each of our Principal Executive Officers (“PEOs”): Mr. Lamp, our Executive Chairman, and Mr. Pytosh, our President and Chief Executive Officer.
We estimate that the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees and our consolidated subsidiaries (except our PEOs) was $126,523 for 2020. The annual total compensation of Messrs. Pytosh and Lamp, our PEOs for 2020, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table included in this Item 11, was $2,011,144 and $316,481, respectively, for 2020 (as adjusted to reflect the compensation attributable to their respective service to the Partnership). These totals and the pay ratios described below are reasonable estimates calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K.
Based on this information, we estimate that the ratio of the annual total compensation of each of our PEOs to the median of the annual total compensation of all employees for 2020 was: (i) 16 to 1, with respect to Mr. Pytosh; and (ii) 3 to 1, with respect to Mr. Lamp.
To identify the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees, as well as to determine the annual total compensation of our median employee and our PEOs, we used the following methodology and made the following material assumptions, adjustments, and estimates:
(1)We determined that, as of December 31, 2020, the employee population of the Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries consisted of 314 individuals, not including Messrs. Pytosh and Lamp which are employed by CVR Services.
(2)To identify the “median employee” from the employee population, we compared the amount of annual total compensation of such employees for 2020 determined in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, which consisted of salary, bonus, non-equity incentive plan compensation and other compensation. We “annualized” the compensation of our full-time and part-time permanent employees as of December 31, 2020 to adjust for the portion of the year that the employee did not work, if applicable. We did not make any cost-of-living adjustments in identifying the “median employee.”
(3)Once we identified our median employee, we included the elements of such employee’s compensation for 2020 determined in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, resulting in annual total compensation of $126,523. With respect to the annual total compensation of our PEOs, we used the amounts reported in the “Total” column of our 2020 Summary Compensation Table included in this Item 11, which was calculated in accordance with the same requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, as adjusted to reflect the portion of such amount attributable to our PEOs respective service to the Partnership as further described in the table immediately following our 2020 Summary Compensation Table.
Compensation of Directors
Directors of our General Partner who are not officers, employees, or directors of CVR Energy or its affiliates receive compensation for their services. This compensation is designed to attract and retain nationally recognized, highly qualified directors to lead the Partnership and to be demonstrably fair to both the Partnership and such directors, taking into consideration, among other things, the time commitments required for service on the Board and its committees.
In December 2019, the Board considered these goals and the compensation paid to such directors for 2019, and upon recommendation of the Compensation Committee, elected to keep such compensation for 2020 the same as 2019. During 2020, independent directors received an annual director fee of $35,000. The Audit Committee chair received an additional fee of $15,000 per year, while independent directors serving on the Audit Committee received an additional fee of $7,500 per year. The Compensation Committee chair received an additional fee of $8,000 per year, while independent directors serving on the Compensation Committee received an additional fee of $5,000 per year. The chair of the EH&S Committee received an additional fee of $8,000 per year, while independent directors serving on the EH&S Committee received an additional fee of $5,000 per year. In addition, independent directors are reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses in connection with attending meetings of the board of directors (and committees thereof) of our general partner and for other director-related education expenses. Each member of the Committee is eligible to receive an additional $1,500 per meeting for all meetings in excess of the following threshold:
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Board/Committee Meeting Threshold Per Year
Board 6
Audit Committee 12
Compensation Committee 6
EH&S Committee 6
The following table sets forth the compensation earned by or paid to each independent director of our General Partner who are not officers, employees, or directors of CVR Energy or its affiliates for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Name Fees Earned or Paid in Cash (1) Unit Awards Total Compensation
Donna R. Ecton $ 56,085 $ - $ 56,085
Frank M. Muller, Jr. 55,500 - 55,500
Peter K. Shea 52,832 - 52,832
(1)Amounts reflected in this column include annual retainer fees, additional fees for service as committee members, including the chair positions, and reimbursements for out-of -pocket expenses during 2020.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Unitholder Matters
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table presents information regarding beneficial ownership of our common units as of February 22, 2021 by:
•our general partner;
•each of our general partner’s directors;
•each of our named executive officers;
•each unitholder known by us to beneficially hold five percent or more of our outstanding units; and
•all of our general partner’s executive officers and directors as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Unless indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all common units beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable. The business address for each of our beneficial owners is c/o CVR Partners, LP, 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, Texas 77479.
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Common Units
Beneficially Owned (1)
Name of Beneficial Owner Number Percent
CVR Services, LLC (2) 3,892,000 36.4 %
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (3) 1,064,951 9.6 %
Barclays Bank Plc (4) 910,460 8.2 %
CVR GP, LLC (5) - -
Donna R. Ecton 1,250 *
Jonathan Frates - -
Hunter C. Gary - -
David L. Lamp - -
Andrew Langham - -
Frank M. Muller, Jr. 3,512 *
Mark A. Pytosh 20,593 *
Peter K. Shea 59 *
Matthew W. Bley - -
Melissa M. Buhrig - -
Tracy D. Jackson - -
All directors and executive officers of our general partner as a group (11 persons) (6) 25,414 *
*Less than 1%
(1)Numbers in this column reflect common unit ownership following the Partnership’s November 23, 2020 reverse unit split of the issued and outstanding common units representing limited partner interests in the Partnership, whereby each 10 outstanding common units were combined, converted, and changed into one common unit.
(2)CVR Services is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, with an address at 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, TX 77479. CVR Energy may be deemed to have direct beneficial ownership of the common units held by CVR Services by virtue of its control of CVR Services. The directors of CVR Energy are Patricia A. Agnello, SungHwan Cho, Jaffrey A. Firestone, Jonathan Frates, Hunter C. Gary, David L. Lamp, Stephen Mongillo, and James M. Strock.
(3)Beneficial ownership information is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 11, 2021 by Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. with an address of 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282. Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. has shared voting power with respect to 1,064,951 units and shared dispositive power of 1,064,951 units.
(4) Beneficial ownership information is based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 11, 2021 by Barclays Plc with an address of 1 Churchill Place, London, X0 E14 5HP. Barclays Bank Plc has sole voting power with respect to 910,460 units and sole dispositive power with respect to 910,460 units.
(5) CVR GP, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Services, is our general partner and manages and operates CVR Partners and has a non-economic general partner interest with an address at 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, TX 77479.
(6) The number of common units owned by all of the directors and executive officers of our general partner, as a group, reflects the sum of (i) the 20,593 common units owned by Mr. Pytosh, (ii) the 1,250 common units owned by Ms. Ecton, (iii) the 3,512 common units owned by Mr. Muller, and (iv) the 59 common units owned by Mr. Shea.
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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
CVR Services owns (i) 3,892,000 common units, representing approximately 36% of our outstanding units, and (ii) our general partner with its non-economic general partner interest (which does not entitle it to receive distributions).
Agreements with CVR Services and Its Subsidiaries
CVR GP and the Partnership and its subsidiaries are party to, or otherwise subject to certain agreements with CVR Services and its subsidiaries, including CRRM, that govern the business relations among each party. The Partnership is party to the Limited Partnership Agreement, the Corporate MSA, and the Omnibus Agreement. Our Coffeyville Facility is party to the Coffeyville MSA, the Terminal and Operating Agreement, and the Environmental Agreement. Further, some of these agreements were not the result of arm’s-length negotiations and the terms of these agreements are not necessarily at least as favorable to the parties to these agreements as terms which could have been obtained from unaffiliated third parties. Refer to Note 9 (“Related Party Transactions”) of Part II, Item 8 for additional information related to these agreements. Refer also to Part IV, Item 15 of this Report for the filed agreements.
Agreements with IEP
Insight Portfolio Group
Insight Portfolio Group LLC (“Insight Portfolio Group”) is an entity formed and controlled by Mr. Icahn in order to maximize the potential buying power of a group of entities with which Mr. Icahn has a relationship in negotiating with a wide range of suppliers of goods, services, and tangible and intangible property at negotiated rates. For 2020 and 2019, the Partnership did not pay any fees to Insight Portfolio Group. However, we indirectly received services from certain of CVR Energy’s negotiated agreements with third parties, certain of which were initiated through the Insight Portfolio Group. On January 23, 2020, CVR Energy assigned its minority equity interests to a third party, terminated its agreement, and is no longer expected to transact with, the Insight Portfolio Group.
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest exist and may arise in the future as a result of the relationships between our general partner and its affiliates (including IEP, CVR Services, CVR Energy, and CVR Refining), on the one hand, and us and our public unitholders, on the other hand. Conflicts may arise as a result of (i) the overlap of directors and officers between our general partner and CVR Energy, which may result in conflicting obligations by these officers and directors, and (ii) duties of our general partner to act for the benefit of CVR Energy and its stockholders, which may conflict with our interests and the interests of our public unitholders. The directors and officers of our general partner have fiduciary duties to manage our general partner in a manner beneficial to CVR Services, its owner, and the stockholders of CVR Energy, its indirect parent. At the same time, our general partner has a contractual duty under our partnership agreement to manage us in a manner that is in our best interests.
Whenever a conflict arises between our general partner, on the one hand, and CVR Services or any other public unitholder, on the other, our general partner will resolve that conflict. Our partnership agreement contains provisions that replace default fiduciary duties with contractual corporate governance standards as set forth therein.
Related Party Transaction Policy
Our Board has adopted a Related Party Transaction Policy, which is designed to monitor and ensure the proper review, approval, ratification, and disclosure of related party transactions involving us. This policy applies to any transaction, arrangement, or relationship (or any series of similar or related transactions, arrangements, or relationships) in which we are a participant, and the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and in which any related party had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. At the discretion of the Board, a proposed related party transaction may generally be reviewed by the Board in its entirety or by a “conflicts committee” meeting the definitional requirements for such a committee under our partnership agreement. After appropriate review, the Board or the Conflicts Committee may approve or ratify a related party transaction if such transaction is consistent with the Related Party Transaction Policy and is on terms that, taken as a whole, are no less favorable to us than could be obtained in an arm’s-length transaction with an unrelated third-party, unless the Board or the Conflicts Committee otherwise determines that the transaction is not in our best interests. Related party transactions involving
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compensation will be approved by the Board in its entirety or by the Compensation Committee of the Board in lieu of the Conflicts Committee.
On October 18, 2019, the Conflicts Committee of the Board and on October 22, 2019, the audit committee of CVR Energy, each agreed to authorize the exchange of certain parcels of property owned by a subsidiary of CVR Energy with an equal number of parcels owned by a subsidiary of CVR Partners, all located in Coffeyville, Kansas (the “Property Exchange”). On February 19, 2020, a subsidiary of CVR Energy and a subsidiary of CVR Partners executed the Property Exchange agreement effectuating the same. This Property Exchange will enable each such subsidiary to create a more usable, contiguous parcel of land near its own operating footprint. CVR Energy and the Partnership accounted for this transaction in accordance with the Topic 805-50 guidance on transferring assets between entities under common control. This transaction had a net impact to the Partnership’s partners’ capital of approximately $0.1 million.
Director Independence
The NYSE does not require a listed publicly traded partnership, such as ours, to have a majority of independent directors on the Board of our general partner. The Board consists of eight directors, three of whom the Board has affirmatively determined are independent in accordance with the rules of the NYSE. For a discussion of the independence of the Board, please see Part III, Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Grant Thornton LLP (“Grant Thornton”) has served as the Partnership’s independent public registered accounting firm since August 2013. The Audit Committee has not selected the independent registered public accounting firm to conduct the audit of our books and records for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021.
The charter of the Audit Committee of the Board, which is available on our website at www.cvrpartners.com, requires the Audit Committee to pre-approve all audit services and non-audit services (other than de-minimis non-audit services as defined by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee has a pre-approval policy with respect to services that may be performed by the independent auditors. The Audit Committee pre-approved all fees incurred in fiscal year 2020.
The following table represents fees billed and expected to be billed for professional services and other services in the following categories and amounts by Grant Thornton for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Audit fees (1) $ 654 $ 654
Audit-related fees - -
Tax fees - -
All other fees - -
Total $ 654 $ 654
(1)Represents the aggregate fees for professional services rendered for the annual audit of the Partnership’s financial statements, the annual audit of the effectiveness of the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting, comfort letters, consents, and consultations on financial accounting and reporting standards arising during the course of the audits and reviews. Also includes the review of the consolidated financial statements included in the Partnership’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
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PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements - See Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules - All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
(a)(3) Exhibits
Exhibit Number Exhibit Description
3.1** Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of CVR GP, LLC, dated April 13, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Form 10-K filed on February 24, 2012).
3.2** Composite copy of the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of CVR Partners, LP (as amended by Amendment No. 1 referenced in Exhibit 3.4 above) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Form 10-Q filed on April 26, 2018).
4.1** Description of Common Units (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2020).
4.2** Specimen certificate for the common units (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Prospectus contained within the Form S-1/A filed on March 17, 2011).
4.3** Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2011, by and between CVR Partners, LP and Coffeyville Resources, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Form 8-K/A filed by CVR Energy, Inc. on May 23, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-33492)).
4.4** Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2015, by and among CVR Partners, LP, Coffeyville Resources, LLC, Rentech Nitrogen Holdings, Inc., and DSHC, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 8-K filed on August 13, 2015).
4.5** Indenture, dated June 10, 2016, by and among CVR Partners, LP, CVR Nitrogen Finance Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 8-K filed on June 16, 2016).
4.6** Form of 9.250% Senior Secured Note due 2023 (included within the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.4 and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 8-K filed on June 16, 2016).
10.3** Environmental Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2007, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Form 10-Q filed by CVR Energy, Inc. on December 6, 2007 (Commission File No. 001-33492)).
10.3.1** Supplement to Environmental Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2008, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17.1 of the Form 10-K filed by CVR Energy, Inc. on March 28, 2008 (Commission File No. 001-33492)).
10.3.2** Second Supplement to Environmental Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2008, by and between Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 10-Q filed by CVR Energy, Inc. on August 14, 2008 (Commission File No. 001-33492)).
10.7** Amended and Restated Omnibus Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2011, among CVR Energy, Inc., CVR GP, LLC and CVR Partners, LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 8-K/A filed by CVR Energy, Inc. on May 23, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-33492)).
10.8** Amended and Restated Contribution, Conveyance and Assumption Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2011, among Coffeyville Resources, LLC, CVR GP, LLC, Coffeyville Acquisition III LLC, CVR Special GP, LLC and CVR Partners, LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K/A filed by CVR Energy, Inc. on May 23, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-33492)).
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10.11** Lease and Operating Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2012, by and between Coffeyville Resources Terminal, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2012).
10.13** Master Service Agreement among Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, dated February 19, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2020).
10.14** Master Service Agreement among CVR Services, LLC and subsidiaries of CVR Energy, dated February 19, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2020).
10.15**+ CVR Partners, LP Long-Term Incentive Plan (adopted March 16, 2011) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form S-8 filed on April 12, 2011).
10.15.1**+ Form of Employee Phantom Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17.5 of the Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2015).
10.15.2**+ Form of CVR Partners, LP Long-Term Incentive Plan Employee Phantom Unit Agreement (Executive) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15.2 of the Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2020).
10.15.3**+ Form of CVR Partners, LP Long-Term Incentive Plan Employee Phantom Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15.3 of the Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2020).
10.16**+ Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2017, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and David L. Lamp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Partnership’s Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2018 (Commission File No. 001-35120)).
10.17**+ Performance Unit Award Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2017, by and between CVR Energy, Inc. and David L. Lamp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Partnership’s Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2018 (Commission File No. 001-35120)).
10.18** Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Form 10-K filed on February 24, 2012).
10.19**+ CVR Energy, Inc. Change in Control and Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of CVR Energy, Inc.’s Form 10-Q filed on October 25, 2018).
10.20** Collateral Trust Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2016, among CVR Partners, LP, CVR Nitrogen Finance Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed on June 16, 2016).
10.21** Parity Lien Security Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2016, among CVR Partners, LP, CVR Nitrogen Finance Corporation, the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 8-K filed on June 16, 2016).
10.22** AB Credit Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2016, among CVR Partners, LP, CVR Nitrogen, LP, East Dubuque Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, CVR Nitrogen Holdings, LLC, CVR Nitrogen Finance Corporation, CVR Nitrogen GP, LLC, certain of their affiliates from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto, UBS AG, Stamford Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed on October 6, 2016).
10.23** Security Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2016, among CVR Partners, LP, CVR Nitrogen, LP, East Dubuque Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, CVR Nitrogen Holdings, LLC, CVR Nitrogen Finance Corporation, CVR Nitrogen GP, LLC, certain of their affiliates from time to time party thereto, and UBS AG, Stamford Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 8-K filed on October 6, 2016).
10.24** Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2016, among CVR Partners, LP, CVR Nitrogen, LP, East Dubuque Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC, CVR Nitrogen Holdings, LLC, CVR Nitrogen Finance Corporation, CVR Nitrogen GP, LLC, certain of their affiliates from time to time party thereto, UBS AG, Stamford Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the secured parties, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee and collateral trustee for the secured parties in respect of the outstanding senior secured notes and other parity lien obligations and other parity lien representative from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Form 8-K filed on October 6, 2016).
10.25**+ CVR Partners, LP 2019 Performance-Based Bonus Plan, approved March 19, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 10-Q filed on April 25, 2019).
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10.26**+ CVR Partners, LP 2020 Performance-Based Bonus Plan, approved February 19, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2020).
10.27*+ CVR Partners, LP 2021 Performance-Based Bonus Plan, approved February 19, 2021.
21.1** List of Subsidiaries of CVR Partners, LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 of the Form 10-K filed on February 21, 2017).
23.1* Consent of Grant Thornton LLP.
31.1* Rule 13a-14(a) or 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Executive Chairman.
31.2* Rule 13a-14(a) or 15(d)-14(a) Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer.
31.3* Rule 13a-14(a) or 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
31.4* Rule 13a-14(a) or 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.
32.1† Section 1350 Certification of Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.
101* The following financial information for CVR Partners, LP’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in XBRL (“Extensible Business Reporting Language”) includes: (1) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (2) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (3) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (4) Consolidated Statement of Partners’ Capital, (5) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (6) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.
104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* Filed herewith.
** Previously filed.
† Furnished herewith.
+ Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
PLEASE NOTE: Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, we may file or incorporate by reference agreements referenced as exhibits to the reports that we file with or furnish to the SEC. The agreements are filed to provide investors with information regarding their respective terms. The agreements are not intended to provide any other factual information about the Partnership or its business or operations. In particular, the assertions embodied in any representations, warranties and covenants contained in the agreements may be subject to qualifications with respect to knowledge and materiality different from those applicable to investors and may be qualified by information in confidential disclosure schedules not included with the exhibits. These disclosure schedules may contain information that modifies, qualifies and creates exceptions to the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the agreements. Moreover, certain representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements may have been used for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties, rather than establishing matters as facts. In addition, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may have changed after the date of the respective agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in the Partnership’s public disclosures. Accordingly, investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements as characterizations of the actual state of facts about the Partnership or its business or operations on the date hereof.