EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 719274
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 719274_10-K_2022_0001437749-22-015886.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Giga-tronics Incorporated manufactures specialized electronics equipment for use in both military test and airborne operational applications. Our operations consist of two business segments, those of our wholly owned subsidiary, Microsource Inc. (“Microsource”) and those of our Giga-tronics Division. Our Microsource segment designs and manufactures custom microwave products for military airborne, sea, and ground applications while the Giga-tronics Division designs and manufactures high fidelity signal simulation and recording solutions for RADAR and Electronic Warfare (“EW”) (“RADAR/EW”) test applications.
Giga-tronics was incorporated on March 5, 1980. We acquired Microsource on May 18, 1998.
The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 5990 Gleason Drive, Dublin, California 94568, and our telephone number at that location is (925) 328-4650. Our website address is https://www.gigatronics.com.
On December 27, 2021, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (“Exchange Agreement”) with BitNile Holdings, Inc. (“BitNile”) and Gresham Worldwide, Inc. (“Gresham”), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BitNile. The Exchange Agreement provides that the Company will acquire all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Gresham in exchange for issuing to BitNile 2,920,085 shares of the Company’s common stock and 514.8 shares of a new series of preferred stock that are convertible into an aggregate of 3,960,043 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to potential adjustments, and the assumption of Gresham’s outstanding equity awards representing, on an as-assumed basis, 249,875 shares of the Company’s common stock (“Exchange Transaction”). Completion of the Exchange Transaction is subject to the approval of the Company’s shareholders and other customary closing conditions.
Immediately following the completion of the Exchange Transaction, Gresham will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, warrants and options will remain outstanding and unaffected upon completion of the Exchange Transaction. The Company’s common stock will continue to be registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, ("Exchange Act") immediately following the Exchange Transaction.
See Note 20 - Share Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham to the Company’s financial statements included in Item 8 of this report.
Reporting Segments
Our business has two reporting segments: Microsource and the Giga-tronics Division.
Microsource
Microsource primarily develops custom microwave products for use in military airborne, sea and ground applications. Microsource’s two largest customers are prime contractors for which we develop and manufacture sophisticated RADAR filters used in fighter aircraft. Revenues from Microsource comprised a majority of our revenues for the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021.
Giga-tronics Division
Our Giga-tronics Division designs, manufactures, and markets a family of functional test products and integrates those test products along with third-party hardware and software to create full test solutions for the RADAR/EW segment of the defense electronics market. Our RADAR/EW test solutions are used to evaluate and improve the performance of RADAR/EW systems. Giga-tronics Division's customers include major United States (“U.S.”) defense prime contractors, the U.S. armed services and research institutes.
Products and Markets
Microsource
Microsource’s primary business is the production of Yttrium-Iron-Garnet (“YIG”) based microwave components designed specifically for the intended operational application. Microsource produces a line of tunable, synthesized band reject filters for solving interference problems in RADAR/EW applications as well as low noise oscillators used on shipboard and land-based self-protection systems. Microsource designs components based upon the Company’s proprietary YIG technology, for each customer’s unique requirement, generally at the customer’s expense.
While our YIG technology may be used in a variety of operational applications and as components in microwave instruments and devices, Microsource’s two largest customers are prime contractors for whom we develop and manufacture RADAR filters used in fighter aircraft. Microsource serves the market for operational hardware associated with the U.S. Government’s RADAR Modernization Program for prior generation fighter aircraft (i.e., theD,, and F/A-18E jets) to extend their useful lives. These RADAR filters are designed to withstand the rigors of operating under extreme conditions. Microsource also delivers YIG hardware for shipboard and land-based close-in weapon systems (“CIWS”) used to defend against missile attacks and other close-in threats.
Our customers require that Microsource be certified to the stringent AS9100D aerospace quality standard. Microsource routinely maintains a top-quality rating as measured quarterly by its customers, and over the years has received multiple “Gold Supplier” awards.
Microsource handles sensitive information and must maintain a certified cybersecurity program to protect against network intrusion and theft of customer data, as well as loss of its own proprietary information. The Company is working toward a Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC 2.0) Level 2 Certification. In addition, test equipment and systems used in the manufacture of our microwave components must be audited periodically by the U.S. Department of Defense for continued authorization to operate.
Microsource’s revenue was $8.3 million for our fiscal year ended March 26, 2022, as we delivered filters for approximately 70 aircrafts. Microsoure revenue fluctuates significantly depending upon when the prime contractors require delivery and place orders. We believe there are approximately 3,000 potential domestic and foreignD, and F/A-18E aircraft that have not been upgraded. Microsource is a sole-source supplier of filters for these three fighter jets, and we expect that the business will continue to be a significant source of our future revenue.
Giga-tronics Division
Our Giga-tronics Division designs, manufactures, and markets a family of functional test systems for the RADAR/EW segment of the defense electronics market. Our RADAR/EW test systems are used to evaluate and improve the performance of RADAR systems and EW counter measures, such as jammers. Giga-tronics Division customers include major U.S. defense prime contractors, the armed services (primarily in the U.S.) and research institutes.
RADAR and EW systems are subject to extensive test and evaluation before being deployed and often require periodic re-evaluation during their system lifetime. Although field trials (ground, flight, or naval operations) are the most accurate predictor of operational effectiveness, such exercises are too expensive to rely on exclusively for design feedback. Furthermore, defects uncovered during the field trial stage usually results in major program delays and cost overruns. To reduce this risk, the defense industry relies on simulation in a laboratory setting to save development costs and to identify problems early. Nevertheless, field trials remain an essential component in the characterization of defense systems and provide important opportunities from live fire testing of weapon systems to training of personnel in realistic combat scenarios. Our goal is to become a leading supplier of simulation solutions for evaluating defense RADAR and EW systems in both laboratory and field environments.
Simulating the electromagnetic environment that modern weapon systems will experience when deployed is a challenging problem. Simulators must generate hundreds, if not thousands, of signals simultaneously to replicate the signal dense environment encountered in a modern battlespace. It is also necessary that many of the signals change dynamically over time to simulate movement. These dynamic signals are injected directly into the system under test (“SUT”) in laboratory settings or transmitted via antennas to the SUT during field trials, such as on an open range, for the purpose of predicting the SUT’s operational performance when placed in service.
Traditional Simulation Approaches
Generating the many simultaneous signals required for a realistic simulation is traditionally achieved by coordinating the behavior of many separate signal generators and usually results in solutions that are physically large and may cost between $8 million and $20 million depending upon the number of emitters simulated and their waveform complexity. These large systems can take more than a year to specify and procure, are typically installed in fixed locations as they are too large to easily move, and their cost structure almost always leads to a time-shared use model. Moreover, their complexity demands a large degree of support from the manufacturer to initially program scenarios and later reprogram them as requirements change. The dynamics of this type of business model is reminiscent of the IBM mainframe days before personal computers were widely available.
Giga-tronics’ Solution
Giga-tronics has constructed a Threat Emulation System (“TEmS”) using its agile, phase coherent wide bandwidth up-converter hosted within the compact industry standard AXIe modular platform. The instrument-grade upconverter transmits multiple emitters using a low frequency digital waveform generator and results in a simulator much smaller in size and cost compared to traditional solutions. In addition, Giga-tronics’ solution includes emitter software that allows users to define their own scenarios without extensive support from Giga-tronics, including dynamic emitters that simulate movement. Although more limited in overall functionality than the traditionally architected solutions, the small size, relatively easy programming, and a starting price point under half a million dollars, the Giga-tronics TEmS solution greatly increases access to signal simulation capability for test engineers and open range operators in a manner analogous to the way in which the IBM PC increased the availability of computing power to everyone, even though the IBM PC was less powerful than IBM’s namesake mainframes.
We believe our TEmS RADAR/EW simulation solution offers several competitive advantages as follows:
1.
It is specifically designed for generating realistic RADAR & EW signals for testing purposes.
2.
It features digital processing hardware and software for creating a test solution that may be customized with relative ease compared to traditional test systems.
3.
It is scalable, allowing us to build test systems with multiple channels that scale well both in terms of size and costs compared to traditional systems.
4.
Its small size and low power consumption allow for portable or remote operation.
5.
Its lower price supports continuous availability to engineers on their test benches.
The Giga-tronics TEmS solution is already a proven contributor in laboratory environments, such as at prime contractors for product acceptance and at government run installations like the Naval Air Station at Point Mugu California. In addition, the underlying hardware may be attractive to other builders of custom simulation systems.
The Giga-tronics TEmS solution is smaller in size, lower in cost, and when coupled with a tracking antenna, operates at lower power levels making it an ideal solution for outdoor installations with multiple locations for simulating integrated air defense systems. We believe that outdoor government test facilities are potentially a significant additional source of revenue because our solutions are portable and can be mounted in trucks for use on military bases and in remote locations. Test engineers are using our equipment to generate realistic RADAR signals for air-crew training and in-flight evaluation of EW system effectiveness. We have delivered portable threat emulation solutions to both the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Air Force. This portable application represents a market expansion for our threat emulation solution and we expect it to be a major growth driver in fiscal year 2023.
Competition
The Company primarily competes in two different markets: Microsource’s YIG components and Giga-tronics RADAR/EW test systems.
Microsource is a sole source supplier serving the market for filter components associated with the U.S. Government’s RADAR Modernization Program for certain prior generation fighter jet aircrafts (F-15D, and F/A-18E jets) and for oscillators in shipboard and land-based missile defense systems. Our Microsource segment supplies RADAR filters specifically designed for military aircraft to solve interference problems created when newer, more powerful RADAR systems are installed on older aircraft without a corresponding upgrade to the onboard self-protection electronics. Only a few other companies possess the technical know-how to design and manufacture YIG components of this nature, such as Teledyne and Micro-Lambda Wireless, but we believe the expense of developing and requalifying new components for theD, and F/A-18E is prohibitive to the point where an existing prime customer would only undertake such an effort if major issues were to arise, such as significant technical deficiencies or our inability to deliver products on time. No filter is required when an aircraft receives both an upgraded RADAR and an upgraded self-protection package.
Microsource has regularly received a gold-supplier rating from its customers, and we believe our sole source position is secure.
The Giga-tronics Division serves the defense electronics market with a microwave test platform used in the evaluation of military RADAR/EW systems. This application represents a niche segment within the broader test equipment market. While this niche market segment of RADAR/EW testing is large enough to be meaningful to Giga-tronics, we believe it is too small to attract larger competitors, such as Keysight, Rohde & Schwarz and National Instruments who, to our knowledge, do not approach these markets with new dedicated solutions.
We have developed a unique architecture to address the RADAR/EW test requirements that results in systems smaller in size and lower in cost than available solutions. Our competitors often have greater resources in research, development and manufacturing and substantially broader product lines and channels. To compete, we place strong emphasis on maintaining a high degree of technical competence as it relates to the development of new microwave products, we are highly selective in establishing technological objectives and focus our sales and marketing activities in the selected niche areas that are weakly served or underserved by our competitors. Competitors that make alternative equipment to the Giga-tronics Advanced Signal Generator & Analyzer (“ASGA”) system include ELCOM (a division of Frequency Electronics Inc.), VIAVI, and EWST (a division of Ultra Electronics Plc).
Northrop Grumman’s CEESIM and Textron System’s A2PATS simulators are two examples of traditionally architected simulation equipment that compete with the Giga-tronics TEmS solution, although their solutions are much larger in size and have a much higher selling price.
Fielded Solutions
An example of a traditional fielded simulator is Northrop Grumman’s Joint Threat Emitter (“JTE”). The JTE offers a high-fidelity replica of a potential adversary’s air defense RADAR for training combat pilots and improving air-crew survivability. Each JTE is designed to replicate specific threat radar signals, transmits at high-power levels, and cannot be easily reprogrammed to different threats. At nearly $8.0 million per unit, the JTE is very expensive for simulating a modern integrated air defense system and because it transmits at high power levels, its use is restricted. We believe our TEmS simulator has many advantages to Northrop’s JTE for range applications, including its portability, lower price point and relative ease of user programmability.
Sources and Availability of Raw Materials and Components
Substantially all the components required by Giga-tronics to make its assemblies are available from more than one source. We occasionally use sole source arrangements to obtain leading-edge technology or favorable pricing or supply terms, but not in any material volume. In our opinion, the loss of any sole source arrangement we have would not materially affect our operations, though we could experience production delays as we seek new suppliers or re-design components of our products. Some suppliers are also competitors of Giga-tronics. In the event a competitor-supplier chooses not to sell its products to us, production delays that could significantly affect our business could occur as we seek new suppliers or re-design components of our products.
Although extended delays in receipt of components from our suppliers could result in longer product delivery schedules for us, we attempt to mitigate this risk by dealing with well-established suppliers and maintaining good relationships with such suppliers.
Proprietary Technology and Intellectual Property
Our competitive position is largely dependent upon our ability to provide performance specifications for our instruments and systems that (a) effectively and reliably meet customers’ needs and (b) selectively surpass competitors’ specifications in competing products. While patents may provide protection of proprietary designs, with the rapid progress of technological development in our industry, such protection is often short-lived. Therefore, although we occasionally pursue patent coverage, we emphasize the development of new products with superior performance specifications and the upgrading of existing products toward this same end.
Our products are primarily based on our own designs, which are derived from our own engineering abilities. If our new product engineering efforts fall behind, our competitive position weakens. Conversely, effective product development greatly enhances our competitive status.
We have maintained three non-provisional patents related to our legacy 2500B parametric signal generator product line, which was not among the legacy product lines that have been sold. These patents describe advanced synthesis techniques and can be extended for use with the Giga-tronics ASGA system and to a number of Microsource synthesizer components. In February 2020, the Company was granted a non-provisional U.S. patent relating to its ASGA system. The patent describes the internal design of the Advanced Signal Generator and the Advanced Signal Analyzer along with the architecture of how the components work together to facilitate building multi-channel test systems with reduced size, weight and cost as compared to present solutions. A second non-provisional patent was granted in November 2020 describing uses of the ASGA system in high channel-count situations. A third non-provisional patent application which was filed in April 2020 describing how the ASGA achieves its low noise performance is currently pending before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
We are not substantially dependent on trademarks, licenses, or franchises. While we utilize certain software licenses in certain functional aspects for some of our products, such licenses are generally readily available, non-exclusive and are obtained at either no cost or for a relatively small fee.
Working Capital Practices
We generally strive to maintain adequate levels of inventory and we generally sell to customers on 30-day payment terms in the U.S. and generally allow more time for our international customers. Typically, we receive payment terms of 30 days from our suppliers. We believe that these practices are consistent with typical industry practices. Our primary sources of liquidity come from customer sales and our Amended and Restated Financing Agreement with Western Alliance Bank (“Financing Agreement”), both of which are dependent on our receipt and shipment of customer orders.
Dependence on a Limited Number of Customers
We are a supplier of RADAR filters for fighter jet aircrafts and RADAR/EW testing solutions to various U.S. government defense agencies, as well as to their prime contractors. We anticipate that revenue from U.S. government agencies and their prime contractors will remain the source of substantially all of our revenue in fiscal 2023. U.S. and international defense-related agencies and their prime contractors accounted for 100% of net revenue in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021.
During fiscal 2022, one prime contractor in the Microsource segment accounted for 77% of our consolidated revenues and a second prime contractor in the Microsource segment accounted for 10% of our consolidated revenues.
During fiscal 2021, two prime contractors in the Microsource segment accounted for 66% of our consolidated revenues. A third customer accounted for 14% of our consolidated revenues during fiscal 2021 and was included in the Giga-tronics Division reporting segment.
Our business is therefore dependent on a limited number of customers. We could experience a material adverse effect on our financial stability if we were to lose one or more of our U.S. defense customers.
Both Microsource and our Giga-tronics Division businesses are largely dependent on U.S. defense spending and budgets and are subject to expansion and contraction across fiscal year periods. Revenues from orders for Microsource products and services often span several years with deliveries varying across both interim and annual fiscal year periods. Additionally, the Giga-tronics Division’s RADAR/EW testing system is a relatively new product platform with fewer targeted customers and significantly longer sales cycles and greater average selling prices compared to our prior general-purpose test and measurement equipment product lines. We therefore expect that a major customer in one year may not be a major customer in the following year. Accordingly, our net revenue and earnings may vary significantly from one period to the next and will decline if we are unable to gain new customers or cannot increase our business with other existing customers to replace declining net revenue from the previous year’s major customers.
Backlog of Orders
On March 26, 2022, our backlog of unfilled orders was approximately $1.4 million compared to approximately $5.1 million on March 27, 2021. Orders for our products include program orders from prime contractors with extended delivery dates. Accordingly, the backlog of orders may vary substantially from year to year and the backlog entering any single fiscal quarter may not be indicative of revenue for any period. In addition, the Company recognizes revenue for certain contracts as it incurs costs, as opposed to when units are delivered and, as a result, our backlog is reduced when such revenue recognition occurs.
Backlog includes only those customer orders for which a binding agreement exists, a delivery schedule has been agreed upon between us and our customer and, in the case of U.S. government orders, for which funding has been appropriated.
Sales and Marketing
Microsource and the Giga-tronics Division sell their products primarily direct to U.S. defense agencies and their prime defense contractors. The Company primarily relies on its internal sales teams to identify leads and complete sales. It also engages independent sales representatives who are perceived to have expertise with targeted markets and/or customers.
Product Development
Products manufactured by Giga-tronics historically have had relatively long product life cycles. However, the electronics industry is subject to rapid technological changes at the component level. Our future success is dependent on our ability to steadily incorporate new functionality and advancements in component technologies into our new products. In fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, product development expenses totaled approximately $1.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
Our Microsource division’s products are designed for each customer’s unique requirements, generally at the customer’s expense.
Our Giga-tronics Division product development activities have historically been funded internally, through product line sales, or through outside equity investment and debt financing. Product development activities are primarily expensed as incurred except for capitalization of labor cost of $172,500 for internally developed software.
We expect to continue to make significant investments in research and development, the majority of which is focused within the Giga-tronics Division, though we expect some continuing investment in Microsource in order to develop concepts that lead to future customer funded projects and ultimately quantity production. There can be no assurance that future technologies, processes, or product developments will not render our current product offerings obsolete or that we will be able to develop and introduce new products or enhancements to existing products that satisfy customer needs in a timely manner or achieve market acceptance. Failure to do so could adversely affect our business.
Manufacturing
The Company assembles and tests Microsource and Giga-tronics Division products at its Dublin, California headquarters facility. Microsource develops and manufactures RADAR filters used in fighter jet aircrafts and low noise oscillators used in CIWS. Our Giga-tronics Division manufactures a family of functional test products and integrates those test products along with third-party hardware and software to create full test solutions for the RADAR/EW segment of the defense electronics market.
Environment
To the best of our knowledge, we are in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations involving the protection of the environment.
Employees
As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, we employed 45 and 42 individuals on a full-time basis respectively. We believe that our future success depends on our ability to attract and retain skilled personnel. Competition for skilled personnel in our markets is competitive. While our size and capital resources constrain our ability to attract and retain employees with cash compensation, we attempt to compensate for this constraint by offering equity awards and opportunities for training and internal promotion. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we consider our employee relations to be good.
Information about Foreign Operations
We have very limited revenues internationally. We sell to our international customers through a network of foreign technical sales representative organizations. All transactions with our international customers are in U.S. dollars.
Geographic Distribution of Net Revenues by Fiscal Year
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
Domestic
$ 9,022
%
$ 13,040
%
International
- %
- %
Total
$ 9,027
%
$ 13,052
%

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our recent losses, limited liquidity and limited capital resources raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We incurred net losses of $2.7 million in fiscal 2022, and $0.4 million in fiscal 2021. These losses have contributed to an accumulated deficit of $34.0 million as of March 26, 2022.
Beginning in fiscal 2012, we invested primarily in the development of the EW test segment with modular microwave up and down converters, real-time TEmS solution and integrated playback and record solutions.
We initially sold our test solutions in laboratory settings. Competing against market incumbents in this segment has exposed greater than expected challenges. Consequently, our EW test sales have fallen short of our expectations due to the longer than expected time required to establish credibility and grow market share in the laboratory segment.
During fiscal 2021, we moved beyond the laboratory environment and pursued opportunities for open-air range applications for our TEmS solution. Market incumbents on these ranges offer single-purpose solutions because the applications being addressed are less data-intensive and narrower in their requirements compared to those in the laboratory environment. Giga-tronics successfully won sales into applications for air-crew training and air-to-ground missile testing.
Through March 26, 2022, the Company has spent over $24.0 million towards the development of the TEmS solution. During fiscal 2022, the Company only sold $610,000 of EW test products as compared to over $3 million in each of the prior two fiscal years due to the change in our market approach. These delays have contributed to a decrease in working capital from $3.5 million as of March 27, 2021 to $2.7 million as of March 26, 2022. During the same period, our inventory has increased by $1.3 million from $3.6 million as of March 27, 2021 to $4.9 million as of March 26, 2022.
These matters raise substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.
To address these matters, our management has taken several actions to provide additional liquidity and business solutions. These actions are described in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Part II-Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, Going Concern and Management’s Plan.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has adversely affected our business activities, financial condition and results of operations and may continue to do so.
The spread of COVID-19 and the resulting “shelter in place” and “stay at home” orders, travel restrictions and other precautions have caused severe disruptions in the U.S. economy, which have disrupted our business and may continue to do so for an undeterminable amount of time. These restrictions and measures and our efforts to act in the best interests of our employees have affected our business and operations by, among other things, causing temporary facility closures, production delays and capacity limitations; requiring modifications to our business processes; limiting our access to customers and their sites and physical facilities; requiring the implementation of social distancing measures that require changes to existing manufacturing processes; disrupting business travel; and increasing the risk that supply chains may be disrupted. These impacts have caused and may continue to cause delays in the receipt of customer orders, delays in product shipments and decreases in revenue, profitability, and cash flows from operations, which have caused and are expected to cause an adverse effect on our results of operations that may be material. With the availability of vaccines, we expect the negative impacts of the pandemic to continue to diminish going forward. However, the potential duration, future trajectory of reported cases and impact of the pandemic on the U.S. economy and on our business are difficult to predict and cannot be estimated with any degree of certainty.
We have significant working capital requirements and have experienced operating losses. If we continue to experience operating losses, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent upon obtaining revenues from sales of our products and raising additional capital from investors to meet our working capital needs. Since 2011, we have relied on a series of sales of our preferred stock and common stock, product line sales and loans to fund our operating cash flow deficits. There is no assurance that we will generate the necessary net income or positive net operating cash flows to meet our working capital requirements and pay our debts as they become due in the future.
We incurred net losses of $2.7 million in fiscal 2022 and $393,000 in fiscal 2021. These losses have contributed to an accumulated deficit of $34.0 million as of March 26, 2022. Since fiscal year 2013, we have incurred expenditures of approximately $24.0 million for the development of our RADAR/EW system product platform. Although we have shipped RADAR/EW system products to several customers, potential delays in the development of additional product features and upgrades, longer than anticipated sales cycles, or the ability to generate shipments in significant quantities, could contribute to additional future losses and reduced liquidity.
If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our current operations and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. The lack of adequate working capital from any inability to generate positive net cash flow from operations or to raise equity or debt financing could force us to discontinue, delay or suspend research and development activities, product lines, business segments or otherwise substantially curtail or cease operations and would, therefore, have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition. As a result, we may also be required to further reduce expenses if our RADAR/EW product platform sales goals are not achieved and could, for example, choose to focus solely on our Microsource segment, which we expect to be more predictable and profitable than our Giga-tronics business segment, to generate revenue and cash from operating activities. As part of such a restructuring, management believes the microwave components which the Company developed for the RADAR/EW test systems in the Giga-tronics business segment could be a source of growth for the Microsource segment.
We may require additional capital to support our current operations and this capital may not been readily available.
To support our operations and to bring our RADAR/EW product platform to its full potential, we may need to seek additional working capital; however, there are no assurances that such working capital will be available, or available on terms acceptable to us. Our history of losses, changes to our product focus and the development of new products makes it difficult to evaluate our current business outlook and future prospects. Accordingly, investors should consider our prospects in light of the costs, uncertainties, delays and difficulties frequently encountered by companies developing new products as we have, in fact, encountered. In particular, there is a significant risk that we will not be able to:
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implement or execute our current business plan;
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successfully and timely sell, manufacture and ship our products;
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raise sufficient funds in the capital markets to carry out our business plan.
If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our existing capital stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, to the extent we satisfy our working capital needs by incurring additional debt, our operating cash flow may suffer in order to satisfy debt service obligations.
The Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham limits the Company's ability to sell additional shares of stock or incur additional indebtedness without BitNile’s consent. These restrictions may prevent us from issuing shares of stock or borrowing to meet our capital needs.
Furthermore, we cannot assure that any necessary financing, if available, would be available on attractive terms. If our financial condition were to worsen and we were unable to attract additional equity or debt financing or enter other strategic transactions, we could become insolvent or be forced to declare bankruptcy, and we would not be able to execute our growth strategy.
Our sales cycles can be long and unpredictable, and our sales efforts require considerable time and expense. As a result, our sales and revenue are difficult to predict and may vary substantially from period to period, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly.
The timing of our revenues is difficult to predict. Factors that may contribute to these fluctuations include our dependence on the defense industry, a limited number of customers, the nature and length of our sales cycles for our products and services, the duration and delivery schedules within our customer contracts and our ability to timely develop, produce and upgrade our products.
Most of our revenues result from a limited number of relatively large orders that we receive from prime defense contractors and government agencies. We spend substantial time and resources on our sales efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce any sales. In addition, purchases of our products are frequently subject to budget constraints (including constraints imposed by governmental agencies), multiple approvals, and unplanned administrative, processing and other delays. Even if we receive a purchase order from a customer, there may be circumstances or terms relating to the purchase that delay our ability to recognize revenue from that purchase, which makes our revenue difficult to forecast. As a result, it is difficult to predict whether a sale will be completed, the particular fiscal period in which a sale will be completed or the fiscal period in which revenue from a sale will be recognized. For these reasons, our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Such unpredictable operating results may adversely impact the trading price of our common stock.
Our sales are substantially dependent on the defense industry and a limited number of customers.
All of our current product and service offerings are directed towards the defense marketplace, which has a limited number of customers. If the defense market demand decreases, our sales may be less than projected with a resulting decline in revenues. As a result, our business depends upon continued U.S. government expenditures on defense systems for which we provide support. These expenditures have not remained constant over time and have been reduced in some periods. Our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and the trading price of our common stock could be materially harmed, among other causes, by the following:
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budgetary constraints, including mandated automatic spending cuts, affecting across-the-board government spending, or specific agencies in particular, and changes in available funding;
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a shift in expenditures away from defense programs that we support;
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efforts to improve efficiency and reduce costs affecting government programs;
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U.S. government shutdowns due to, among other reasons, a failure by elected officials to fund the government and other potential delays in the appropriations process;
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delays in the payment of our invoices by government payment offices;
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changes in the political climate and general economic conditions, including a slowdown of the economy or unstable economic conditions and responses to conditions, such as emergency spending, that reduce funds available for other government priorities.
Additionally, the loss of any one customer may have a material adverse effect on future operating results and financial condition. Our product backlog also has a number of risks and uncertainties such as the cancellation or deferral of orders, dispute over performance of our products and our ability to collect amounts due under these orders. If any of these events were to occur, actual shipments could be lower than projected and revenues could decline which would have an adverse effect on our operating results and liquidity.
If our reputation or relationships with the U.S. Federal Government or the limited number of defense contractors with whom we work were harmed, our future revenues and cash flows would be adversely affected.
We derive substantially all of our revenue from the U.S. Federal Government, its agencies and several defense contractors that supply them. Approximately $22 million of our total combined revenues for the two fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021 were derived from contracts with the U.S. Federal Government and its agencies, either directly or through defense contractors with whom we have contracted. Our reputation and relationships with various U.S. government entities and agencies, in particular with the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Navy, and the limited number of defense contractors serving these agencies, are key factors in maintaining and growing these revenues and winning bids for new business. Negative press reports or publicity, regardless of accuracy, could harm our reputation. If our reputation or relationships with government agencies were to be negatively affected, or if we are suspended or debarred from contracting with government agencies for any reason, the amount of business with government and other customers would decrease and our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity may be negatively impacted by increased levels of inflation. The Company is not able to predict the timing and effect of inflation, or its duration and severity. Inflation may cause our costs to purchase inventory to be higher than we planned, and we may not be able to sell our products to our customers at correspondingly increased prices, resulting in decreased profit margins.
Our failure to comply with a variety of complex procurement rules and regulations could result in delays of sales or shipments or our liability for penalties, including termination of our government contracts, disqualification from bidding on future government contracts and suspension or debarment from government contracting.
We must comply with various laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of government contracts, which affect how we do business with our customers and may impose added costs on our business. Our customers may also require that we adopt and maintain procedures affecting our operations, such as information security measures. If we experience difficulty or are unable to comply with these requirements, we could face delays in the receipt of orders, production of products and performance of services and sales, or the loss of any of these.
Some U.S. federal statutes and regulations provide for penalties, including automatic debarment based on actions such as violations of the U.S. False Claims Act or the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The suspension or debarment in any particular case may be limited to a facility, contract or subsidiary involved in the violation or could be applied to our entire Company in severe circumstances. Even a narrow scope suspension or debarment could result in negative publicity that could adversely affect our ability to renew contracts and to secure new contracts, both with governments and private customers, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our markets involve rapidly changing technology and standards.
The market for electronics equipment is characterized by rapidly changing technology and evolving industry standards. We believe that our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to develop, manufacture and successfully introduce new products and product lines with improved performance capabilities, and to continue to upgrade or enhance our existing products. There can be no assurance that we will successfully complete the development or enhancement of current or future products, or that such products will achieve sufficient market acceptance. The inability to develop new products or enhance existing products in a timely manner and to achieve sustained commercial market acceptance could have a material adverse impact on our operating performance and liquidity.
Performance problems in our products or problems arising from the use of our products together with other vendors’ products may harm our business and reputation.
Products as complex as those we produce may contain unknown and undetected defects or performance problems. For example, it is possible that one of our products might not comply with stipulated specifications under all circumstances. In addition, our customers generally use our products together with their own products and products from other vendors. As a result, when problems occur in a combined equipment environment, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. A defect or performance problem could result in lost revenues, increased warranty costs, diversion of engineering and management time and effort, impaired customer relationships and injury to our reputation generally.
Our RADAR/EW testing system products are complex and could have unknown defects or errors, which may increase our costs, harm our reputation with customers, give rise to costly litigation, or divert our resources from other purposes.
Our RADAR/EW testing system products are extremely complex. Despite testing, our initial products contained defects and errors and may in the future contain defects, errors or performance problems following the sale or when new versions or enhancements are released, or even after these products have been used by our customers for a period of time. These problems could result in expensive and time-consuming design modifications or warranty charges, delays in the introduction of new products or enhancements, significant increases in our service and maintenance costs, diversion of our personnel’s attention from our product development and sales efforts, exposure to liability for damages, damaged customer relationships, and harm to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, increased development and warranty costs could be substantial and could reduce our operating margins.
Our products contain components produced by suppliers which may be discontinued, subject to supply constraints or no longer available in future periods, which could require that we redesign product components, lead to production delays and adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.
Certain components produced by our suppliers may be discontinued, subject to supply constraints or no longer available to us to produce our products. Such discontinuations or lack of supply could require us to seek replacement components that may take longer and cost more than initially expected to procure, redesign our products for different components and/or delay production of our products unless supplies become available, any of which could lead to delays in product sales and deliveries and, in turn, delayed or lost revenue.
If we fail to maintain satisfactory compliance with quality certifications and classified processing, cybersecurity and control standards, product deliveries may be delayed or cancelled which would adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.
Some of our customer contracts require that we maintain quality certifications and classified processing, cybersecurity and control standards. If we were unable to maintain such certifications and standards, our product shipments may be delayed or orders could be delayed or cancelled, any of which would cause us to lose business or brand reputation, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business operating results and financial condition.
If we are deemed to infringe on the proprietary rights of third parties, we could incur unanticipated expense and be prevented from providing our products and services to customers.
We could be subject to intellectual property infringement claims as the number of our competitors grows and if our products or the functionality of our products overlap with patents of our competitors. While we do not currently believe that we have infringed or are infringing on any proprietary rights of third parties, we cannot assure you that infringement claims will not be asserted against us or that those claims will be unsuccessful. We could incur substantial costs and diversion of management resources defending any infringement claims whether or not such claims are ultimately successful, even if such claims are meritless. Furthermore, a party making a claim against us could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as injunctive or other equitable relief that could effectively block our ability to provide products or services. We may not prevail in litigation given the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation. If litigation results in an adverse ruling, we could be required to:
●
pay substantial damages for past, present and future use of the infringing technology;
●
cease manufacture, use or sale of infringing products;
●
discontinue the use of infringing technology;
●
expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology;
●
pay substantial damages to our customers or end-users to discontinue use or replace infringing technology with non-infringing technology;
●
license technology from the third-party claiming infringement, which license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all; or
●
relinquish intellectual property rights associated with one or more of our patents claims if such claims are held invalid or otherwise unenforceable.
We face risks related to production delays, delays of customer orders and the relatively high selling price of our RADAR/EW testing platform.
Our RADAR/EW testing platform has been our primary product development focus for the last several years, however, delays in completing its initial development, together with early design and manufacturing issues and longer than anticipated sales cycles have contributed to our losses and increased our accumulated deficit as of March 26, 2022. Additionally, the average selling price of our RADAR/EW system is considerably higher than our prior general-purpose test and measurement products, which requires additional internal approvals on the part of the customer and generally leads to longer sales cycles. Our financial condition may also cause potential customers to delay, postpone or decide against placing orders for our products. Continued longer than anticipated sales cycles in future fiscal years, or delays in production and shipping volume quantities, could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and liquidity.
Our business depends on our intellectual property rights and, if we are unable to protect them, our competitive position may suffer.
Our business plan is predicated on our proprietary technology. Accordingly, protecting our intellectual property rights is critical to our continued success and our ability to maintain our competitive position. Our goal is to protect our proprietary rights through a combination of patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright law, confidentiality agreements and technical measures. We generally enter into non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants and suppliers and limit access to our trade secrets and technology. We cannot provide assurance that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology. Misappropriation of our intellectual property could have an adverse effect on our competitive position, financial condition and results of operations.
Our competitors have greater resources.
Several of our competitors, including, among others, Northrup Grumman/Amherst, Textron/AAI, Keysight, Rohde & Schwarz and National Instruments have substantially greater research and development, manufacturing, marketing, financial, technological personnel and managerial resources than us. These resources also make these competitors better able to withstand difficult market conditions than us. We cannot provide assurance that any products developed by these competitors will not gain greater market acceptance than any developed by us.
Business interruptions could delay or prevent our business activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our primary facility and headquarters is located in the San Francisco Bay Area near known earthquake fault zones and is vulnerable to significant damage from earthquakes. We are also vulnerable to other natural disasters, epidemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and other events that could disrupt our operations that may be beyond our control. We do not carry insurance for earthquakes and we may not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur. Any losses or damages we incur could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows and success as an overall business.
If we experience a significant cybersecurity attack or disruption in our IT systems, our business, reputation and operating results could be adversely affected.
We rely on an internal information technology (“IT”) system monitored by certain internal employees to maintain our IT systems; maintain financial records; retain sensitive data, such as intellectual property, proprietary business information, and data related to customers, and suppliers; process orders; manage inventory; process shipments to customers; and operate other critical functions. The ongoing maintenance and security of this information is critical to the classified processing and control standards that our suppliers require us to maintain and the success of our business operations and our strategic goals.
Despite our implementation of network security measures, our network may be vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks, computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions. Our network security measures include, but are not limited to, the implementation of firewalls, antivirus protection, patches, log monitors, routine backups, offsite storage, network audits, and routine updates and modifications. Despite our efforts to create these security barriers, we may not be able to keep pace as new threats emerge and it is virtually impossible for us to entirely eliminate this risk. Cybersecurity attacks are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition, and no assurance can be given that our efforts to reduce the risk of such attacks will be successful.
In addition, our IT systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, user errors, catastrophes or other unforeseen events. Such events could result in the disruption of business processes, network degradation and system downtime, along with the potential that a third-party will exploit our critical assets such as intellectual property, proprietary business information and data related to our customers, suppliers and business partners. To the extent that such disruptions occur, our customers and suppliers may lose confidence in our solutions and we may lose business or brand reputation, resulting in a material and adverse effect on our business operating results and financial condition.
Risks Related to the Proposed Share Exchange
Combining Giga-tronics and Gresham may be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected and the anticipated benefits of the transaction may not be realized.
Giga-tronics and Gresham have operated and, until the completion of the Share Exchange, will continue to operate independently. The success of the proposed transaction will depend in part on the ability to realize efficiencies and synergies from combining the businesses of Giga-tronics and Gresham. To realize the anticipated benefits, Gresham and Giga-tronics must successfully integrate and combine their businesses in a manner that permits growth opportunities and does not materially disrupt their existing businesses. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of either company’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect the combined company’s ability to maintain relationships with customers and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits. If Giga-tronics experiences difficulties with the integration process, the anticipated benefits may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. Integration efforts between the two companies will also divert management attention and resources. These integration matters could have an adverse effect on Giga-tronics during this transition period and for an undetermined period after the Share Exchange is completed.
Termination of the Exchange Agreement could negatively impact Giga-tronics.
If the Exchange Agreement is terminated, there may adverse consequences to Giga-tronics. For example, Giga-tronics’ business may have been adversely impacted by the failure to pursue other beneficial opportunities due to the focus of management on the Share Exchange, without realizing any of the anticipated benefits of completing the transaction. Also, Giga-tronics has incurred significant expenses in connection with and has devoted significant internal resources to the pursuit of the Share Exchange but the expected benefit of those investments will not be realized if the Share Exchange is not completed. Additionally, if the Exchange Agreement is terminated, the market price of Giga-tronics’ common stock could decline to the extent that the current market prices reflect an expectation that the Share Exchange will be completed. If the Exchange Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, Giga-tronics may be required to pay to Gresham a termination fee of $1.0 million, Gresham’s warrant to acquire 433,333 shares of Giga-tronics common stock may become exercisable and Giga-tronics maybe required to immediately repay the $1.3 million loan received from a subsidiary of BitNile.
Giga-tronics will be subject to business uncertainties and contractual restrictions while the Share Exchange is pending that could adversely affect Giga-tronics’ business and operations.
Subject to certain exceptions, Giga-tronics has agreed to operate its business in the ordinary course prior to completing the Share Exchange and to refrain from taking certain actions, such as selling shares of stock or incurring additional indebtedness without BitNile’s consent. These restrictions may prevent Giga-tronics from pursuing attractive business opportunities that may arise prior to the completion of the Share Exchange. These restrictions may also prevent Giga-tronics from selling shares of stock or borrowing to meet its capital needs.
In addition, uncertainty about the effect of the Share Exchange on customers, employees and others may have an adverse effect on Giga-tronics’ business, operations, and stock price. These uncertainties may impair Giga-tronics’ ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel until the transaction is completed.
Giga-tronics has and will continue to incur substantial expenses related to the Share Exchange and related transactions.
Giga-tronics has incurred and expects to incur a number of significant non-recurring costs related to the Share Exchange and the related transactions, such as the anticipated reserve split of Giga-tronics common stock, the Delaware reincorporation, the public offering and the Nasdaq listing. These costs include legal, financial advisory, accounting, consulting, and other advisory fees, severance/employee benefit-related costs, filing fees, financial and other printing costs, and other related costs. Some of these costs are payable regardless of whether the Share Exchange is completed. There can be no assurances that the expected benefits related to the integration of the businesses will be realized to offset these transaction costs.
The Exchange Agreement limits Giga-tronics’ ability to pursue acquisition proposals.
The Exchange Agreement generally prohibits Giga-tronics from soliciting, initiating, encouraging or facilitating certain third-party acquisition proposals. These provisions, which could result in a $1.0 million termination fee payable under certain circumstances and Gresham’s warrant to purchase 433,333 shares of Giga-tronics common stock becoming exercisable, might discourage a potential acquirer that might otherwise have an interest in acquiring all or a significant part of Giga-tronics from considering or proposing such an acquisition.
Risks Related to Investing in Our Securities
Our common stock is quoted on the Over-the-Counter Market and trading volumes have been limited.
As compared to a larger stock market with greater liquidity, our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB® Venture Market (“OTCQB”) which is the middle tier of the OTC Markets Group, reserved for companies that are registered and reporting with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or a U.S. banking regulator. The volume of trading of our common stock on the OTCQB has been very thin. Therefore, an investor might find it more difficult than it would be on a larger stock exchange to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of, our securities.
We cannot be certain that a more active trading market will develop or, if developed, be sustained. We also cannot be certain that purchasers of our common stock will be able to resell their common stock at prices equal to or greater than their purchase price. The development of a public market having the desirable characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends upon the presence in the marketplace of a sufficient number of willing buyers and sellers at any given time. We do not have any control over whether there will be sufficient numbers of buyers and sellers. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that an established and liquid market for our common stock will develop or be maintained. The market price of our common stock could experience significant fluctuations in response to our operating results and other factors. In addition, the stock market, in recent years, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of individual companies. These fluctuations, and general economic and market conditions, may cause the market price of our common stock to vary substantially.
The trading price of our common stock may make it more difficult for you to trade shares of our common stock.
We could become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rule if we fail to meet certain financial criteria set forth in the rule. If we become subject to the SEC’s penny stock rule, the rule would impose various sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. For these types of transactions, the broker-dealer would have to make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale. Consequently, if it were to apply to us, the rule could have an adverse effect on the ability of broker-dealers to sell our securities and could affect the ability of our shareholders to buy and sell our securities in the secondary market. If our common stock were to become a “penny stock” within the meaning of the rule, additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock, which could reduce the liquidity of our common stock and have a material adverse effect on the trading market for our common stock.
While our common stock is currently not subject to the SEC’s penny stock rule, some broker-dealers may nonetheless choose to not allow incoming transfers of our shares from other brokerage accounts or limit your ability to trade shares of our common stock, which could make it more difficult for you to sell your shares, as well as having a material adverse effect on the trading market for our common stock.
Our common stock ranks junior to all of our preferred stock and indebtedness.
As of March 26, 2022, our outstanding preferred shares had an aggregate liquidation preference of $3.6 million and we had an aggregate of $4.3 million in debt and other liabilities including long term lease obligations.
In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or winding-up, our assets will be available to make payments to holders of our common stock only after all of our indebtedness and other liabilities and all of the liquidation preferences on any then outstanding Series B, Series C, Series D and Series E preferred stock have been paid. Consequently, if we are forced to liquidate our assets to pay our creditors, we may not have sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts to the holders of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding.
We have a significant number of outstanding warrants, options and shares of convertible preferred stock, which may cause significant dilution to our shareholders, adversely impact the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future equity offerings.
As of March 26, 2022, we had 2,767,230 shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, as of that date we had outstanding warrants to acquire 530,214 shares of common stock, outstanding options to acquire 353,037 shares of common stock and shares of convertible preferred stock convertible into an aggregate of 156,544 shares of common stock. The issuance of shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants or options or conversion of preferred stock would dilute the percentage ownership interest of all holders of our common stock, might dilute the book value per share of our common stock and would increase the number of our publicly traded shares, which could depress the market price of our common stock.
The fact that our shareholders, warrant holders and option holders could sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, could make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate, or at all.
We may issue additional shares of common or preferred stock in the future, which could dilute a shareholder’s ownership of common stock.
Our articles of incorporation authorize our Board of Directors, generally without shareholder approval, to, among other things, issue additional shares of common or preferred stock. The issuance of any additional shares of common or preferred stock would be dilutive to an existing shareholder’s ownership of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could impair the voting, dividend and liquidation rights of common shareholders without their approval. To the extent that we issue options or warrants to purchase common stock in the future and the options or warrants are exercised, our shareholders may experience further dilution. Holders of shares of our common stock have no preemptive rights that entitle holders to purchase their pro rata share of any offering of shares of any class or series and, therefore, shareholders may not be permitted to invest in future issuances of our common or preferred stock.
We do not intend to pay cash dividends to our shareholders, so you will not receive any return on your investment in our common stock prior to selling your interest in the Company.
We have never paid any dividends to our common shareholders and do not foresee doing so. We currently intend to retain any future earnings for funding growth and, therefore, do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. If we determine that we will pay cash dividends to the holders of our common stock, we cannot assure that such cash dividends will be paid on a regular basis. The success of your investment in our common stock will likely depend entirely upon any future appreciation. As a result, you will not receive any return on your investment prior to selling your common stock and, for the other reasons discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and in the “Risk Factors” section of the documents incorporated herein by reference, you may not receive any return on your investment even when you sell your shares.
General Risk Factors
The preparation of our financial statements requires the use of estimates that may vary from actual results.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make significant estimates that affect the financial statements. For example, we are required to make estimates about, among other things, accruals, inventory reserves, revenue and lease accounting as well as long-lived assets. Due to the inherent nature of these estimates, we may be required to significantly increase or decrease such estimates upon determination of the actual results. Any required adjustments could have a material adverse effect on us, our results of operations and the trading price of our common stock.
We are dependent on our management team and development and operations personnel, and the loss of one or more key employees or groups could harm our business and prevent us from implementing our business plan in a timely manner.
Our success depends substantially upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key members of management. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives. Such changes in our executive management team may be disruptive to our business. We are also substantially dependent on the continued service of our existing development and operations personnel because of the complexity of our service and technologies. Staffing due to the loss of one or more of our key employees or groups could be expensive, divert management’s attention from executing our business plan and could seriously harm our business. Furthermore, possible shortages of key personnel, including engineers, in the area surrounding our facilities could require us to pay more to hire and retain key personnel, thereby increasing our costs.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. Any inability to accurately and timely report and file our financial results could harm our reputation and adversely impact the trading price of our common stock.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, we may not be able to manage our business as effectively as we would if an effective control environment existed, and our business and reputation with investors may be harmed. As a result, any internal control deficiencies may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and access to capital.
Our stock price is volatile.
The market price of our common stock has been and is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
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our ability to execute our business plan;
●
changes in our industry;
●
competitive pricing pressures;
●
our ability to obtain working capital financing;
●
additions or departures of key personnel;
●
increases in the number of shares of common stock outstanding as our preferred stock converts to common stock, or as warrants or options are exercised;
●
sales of our common stock by us or our shareholders;
●
operating results that fall below expectations, including actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results;
●
regulatory developments;
●
economic and other external factors;
●
investor perceptions regarding the proposed Share Exchange;
●
period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results;
●
the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including filings with the SEC;
●
changes in financial estimates or ratings by any securities analysts who follow our common stock, our failure to meet these estimates or failure of those analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our common stock;
●
changes in expected national defense spending or budgets;
●
operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us;
●
domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance;
●
new technology used, or services offered, by competitors;
●
the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our common stock; and
●
any future sales of our common stock by our officers, directors and shareholders.
In addition, the securities markets have from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. Our stock has historically traded on low volume on the OTCQB and, previously, on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Market and volume fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market.
From time to time, our shareholders may decide to sell some or all of their shares of common stock that they currently hold or could acquire upon the conversion of our preferred stock or exercise of warrants or other derivative securities by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market. Any substantial sale of our common stock may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal executive offices along with our marketing, sales, and engineering offices and manufacturing facilities are located in a 23,873 square foot facility in Dublin, California, which we leased on January 5, 2017 and began occupying in April 2017 under a lease agreement which expires in August 2023.
We maintain a second engineering office located in a 1,200 square foot facility in Nashua, New Hampshire, which we first leased on February 1, 2019 under a lease agreement which expires on January 31, 2022. Effective March 1, 2020, we amended and replaced the original lease agreement to increase the Nashua facility to 2,400 square feet and extend the expiration date to February 28, 2023.
We believe that our California and New Hampshire facilities are adequate for our business activities.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
As of March 26, 2022, the Company had no pending legal proceedings.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Common Stock Market Prices
Our common stock is traded on the OTCQB using the symbol “GIGA”. The number of record holders of our common stock as of March 26, 2022 was approximately 100. A significantly larger number of shareholders may be “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares of record are held by banks, brokers and other financial institutions. The table below shows the high and low closing bid quotations for the common stock during the indicated fiscal periods. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without mark-ups, mark-downs, or commission and may not reflect actual transactions.
Fiscal Quarter
Quarter
High
Low
High
Low
First Quarter
(3/28 - 6/26)
$ 4.98
$ 3.25
(3/29 - 6/27)
$ 4.00
$ 2.10
Second Quarter
(6/27 - 9/25)
$ 4.00
$ 2.87
(6/28 - 9/26)
$ 4.30
$ 3.16
Third Quarter
(9/26 - 12/25)
$ 4.00
$ 2.85
(9/27 - 12/26)
$ 4.60
$ 3.25
Fourth Quarter
(12/26 - 3/26)
$ 4.27
$ 2.25
(12/27 - 3/27)
$ 5.09
$ 3.34
We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock in the past and have no current plans to do so in the future, believing our available capital is best used to fund our operations, including product development and enhancements. In addition, in the absence of positive retained earnings, California law permits payment of cash dividends on our common stock only to the extent total assets exceed the sum of total liabilities and the liquidation preference amounts of preferred securities. On March 26, 2022, the Company’s assets were more than this sum by $11,000. Our shares of Series E preferred stock provide for semi-annual 6% cumulative cash dividends based on the original purchase price of $25.00 per share, however we may exercise our right to pay any such dividends in shares of our common stock instead of cash.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information on options and other equity rights outstanding and available under the Company’s equity compensation plans as of March 26, 2022.
No. of securities to
be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding
options
No. of securities remaining available
for future issuance under equity
compensation plans (excluding
securities reflected in column (a))
Plan Category
(a)
(b)
(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
353,037
$ 4.75
89,875
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
$ -
-
Total
353,037
$ 4.75
89,875
(1)
Does not include warrants issued to purchasers of units consisting of stock and warrants in private placements or to lenders in connection with debt financing.
Issuer Repurchases
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during our fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Pursuant to Item 301(c) of Regulation S-K, the Company, as a smaller reporting company, is not required to provide the information required by this item.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
Giga-tronics manufactures specialized electronic equipment for use in both military test and airborne operational applications. Our operations consist of two business segments, those of our wholly owned subsidiary, Microsource Inc., and those of our Giga-tronics Division. Our Microsource segment designs and manufactures custom microwave products for military airborne applications while the Giga-tronics Division designs and manufactures real time solutions for RADAR/EW test applications.
Our Microsource subsidiary generates revenue through sole-source production contracts for custom engineered components funded by the U.S. Federal Government. Microsource revenue for fiscal year 2022 was $8.3 million from the delivery of RADAR filters for theD, and F/A-18E aircrafts. These filters solve an interference problem that occurs between the aircraft’s radar system and the onboard electronic warfare suite when these older aircrafts receive upgraded radar systems. The engineering of each filter variant was funded by the U.S. Government indirectly through prime contractors, including filters for foreign military sales.
Orders for Microsource components are typically between $1.0 million to $5.0 million each and involve production contracts where the period of performance spans multiple years. We believe opportunities exist for expanding the use of our Microsource RADAR filters by offering to design variants, such as for use in other aircraft or in situations where the electronic warfare suite is externally mounted on a pylon rather than onboard the aircraft. Microsource will also pursue development contracts for adapting the Company’s ASGA technology for the benefit of customers who will appreciate faster operation of our RADAR filters, representing a potential source of new revenue as customers upgrade their installed base. In addition, from time-to-time, the Company may pursue adding third party sole-source component revenue though acquisition.
Our Giga-tronics Division participates in the EW test segment with modular microwave up and down converters, our real-time TEmS solution and integrated playback and record solutions. The Giga-tronics solutions are architected like a RADAR system but built like a test system. This approach differentiates TEmS from the other suppliers' products and provides a better correlation between laboratory tests and actual field results. The platform was specifically designed to address the need for multiple test channels and delivers a product that is smaller, more flexible, easier to use and lower in cost than those previously available.
Orders for Giga-tronics EW test solutions are relatively large, tend to be sporadic and typically involve a long and consultive sales process. Competing against market incumbents has exposed greater than expected challenges in displacing them in laboratory settings. We have achieved limited success to date because existing solutions offer extensive test capability with a record of success built over years of use. These larger and higher cost multi-purpose solutions have become the accepted standard and customers face substantial risk switching to a new solution on a large-scale basis. Consequently, our EW test sales have fallen short of our expectations due to the longer than expected time required to establish credibility and grow market share in the laboratory segment.
During fiscal 2021, we moved beyond the laboratory environment and pursued opportunities for open-air range applications for our TEmS solution. Market incumbents on these ranges offer single-purpose solutions because the applications being addressed are less data-intensive and narrower in their requirements compared to those in the laboratory environment. During fiscal 2022, Giga-tronics successfully won sales into applications for air-crew training and air-to-ground missile testing. We believe our initial success in the market for open-air range application results in part because customers only need to compare our accuracy and fidelity against a competing single purpose solution rather than the extensive capability offered by competing laboratory solutions. We believe, the Giga-tronics solution is also competitive with incumbent open-air solutions due to its lower price point, smaller size, and relative ease of use. Our early success in applications for air-crew training and air-to-ground missile testing leads us to believe that we can grow our market share faster in this segment compared to laboratory settings. Management expects that additional sales for air-crew training and field testing on ranges throughout the country represent an opportunity for the growth of the Company’s EW test business revenue in fiscal 2023.
COVID-19 Impact
Following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, Giga-tronics was identified early on as an essential business by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security due to the importance of our Microsource RADAR filters to the U.S. Department of Defense. The Company restored operations as quickly as feasible while taking the necessary steps to protect our employees from potential harm. Although Giga-tronics experienced a relatively brief shutdown period in late fiscal 2020, the impact was nevertheless significant financially as we had to absorb all of our overhead expenses without any offsetting shipments during that period. During fiscal 2021, Giga-tronics applied for and received a loan of $786,200 from the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) associated with the U.S. Government’s Payroll Protection Program. The loan, including all accrued interest, was subsequently forgiven in November 2020 and was recorded as a gain on extinguishment of debt during our third quarter of fiscal 2021.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on our ability to directly interact in person with customers at the end of fiscal 2020 and throughout most of fiscal 2021. Consequently, the progress in demonstrating solutions to customers and increasing awareness of Giga-tronics within the user community was delayed. Furthermore, we were unable to discuss customer needs and how our solutions could solve their problems as the military bases blocked outside personnel from visiting and mandated many of their personnel to work from home. In addition, travel restrictions made it difficult for our sales team to visit locations throughout the country due to mandatory quarantine periods.
The pandemic also impacted our supply chain during most of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2022. Many of our suppliers have indicated similar challenges in keeping their own operations running and management believes there may still be some residual delays in fulfilling orders due limited availability of parts and services. We expect this situation to improve throughout fiscal 2023.
While we expect the impact of COVID-19 to be temporary, the disruptions caused by the pandemic negatively impacted our revenue and results from operations beginning in March of 2020 and throughout most of fiscal year 2021 and 2022. Looking ahead, we see that our sales team is better able to interact with and demonstrate our solutions to customers, and as a result we anticipate a positive impact on orders for our Giga-tronics EW test solutions in fiscal year 2023.
Results of Operations
For the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022 compared to the fiscal year ended March 27, 2021
New orders by reporting segments are as follows for the fiscal years ended:
New orders
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
$ Change
% Change
RADAR/EW Test Products
$
$ 2,677
$ (2,081 )
(78 )%
Legacy Products
%
Giga-tronics Division
1,011
2,841
(1,830 )
(64 )%
Microsource
4,259
8,572
(4,313 )
(50 )%
Total
$ 5,270
$ 11,413
$ (6,143 )
(54 )%
The RADAR/EW test products orders decreased by 78% over the prior year. While we believe that we have a superior product for range applications as described above, we encountered delays in the procurement process for our systems. Legacy product orders increased by $251,000 due to an end-of-life purchase for our signal generators. Microsource orders decreased by 50% primarily due to timing differences of the placement of large orders which typically have scheduled deliveries (and revenue recognition) covering multiple fiscal year periods.
Backlog by reporting segment are as follows for the fiscal years ended:
Backlog
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
$ Change
% Change
RADAR/EW Test Products
$
$
$ (13 )
(62 )%
Legacy Products
%
Giga-tronics Division
%
Microsource
1,048
5,045
(3,997 )
(79 )%
Backlog of unfilled orders
$ 1,359
$ 5,115
$ (3,756 )
(73 )%
The allocation of Net revenue by reporting segment was as follows for the fiscal years shown:
Allocation of Net revenue
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
$ Change
% Change
RADAR/EW Test
$
$ 3,554
$ (2,945 )
(83 )%
Legacy Products
%
Giga-tronics Division
3,670
(2,900 )
(79 )%
Microsource
8,257
9,382
(1,125 )
(12 )%
Total
$ 9,027
$ 13,052
$ (4,025 )
(31 )%
Net revenue for fiscal 2022 was $9.0 million, a decrease of 31%, compared to $13.1 million for fiscal 2021. The majority of the net revenue decrease in fiscal 2022 was attributable to the Giga-tronics Division which decreased by $2.9 million due to the lack of orders described above. The decrease in Microsource revenue in fiscal 2022 was primarily due to the lack of new orders.
Cost of revenue and Gross profit by reporting segment were as follow for the fiscal years shown:
Cost of revenue and Gross profit
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
% of Total Revenue
% of Total Revenue
Giga-tronics Division
$
%
$ 2,058
%
Microsource
5,144
%
6,053
%
Total Cost of revenue
$ 5,771
%
$ 8,111
%
Gross profit
$ 3,257
%
$ 4,941
%
The cost of revenue of the Giga-tronics Division was $627,000 or 7% of total revenue and 81% of its revenue. Giga-tronics Division revenues were adversely impacted by the low volume of shipments resulting in high material costs and large variances. The cost of revenue for Microsource was $5.1 million or 57% of total revenue and 62% of its revenue. The gross profit for the Company decreased marginally by 2% over the prior fiscal year due to a higher percentage of Microsource revenue in fiscal 2022. Total gross profits for fiscal 2022 was $3.3 million with a 36% gross margins.
Operating expenses were as follows for the fiscal years shown:
Operating expenses
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
$ Change
% Change
Engineering
$ 1,153
$ 2,153
$ (1,000 )
(46 )%
Selling, general and administrative
4,089
3,873
%
Transaction expenses
-
N/A
Total
$ 5,853
$ 6,026
$ (173 )
(3 )%
Total operating expenses in fiscal 2022 decreased 3% to $5.9 million from $6.0 million in fiscal 2021. Engineering expenses decreased by $1.0 million or 46% during fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021, primarily due to an engineering services contract which caused engineering expenses to be charged to cost of revenue, as well as due to the engineering hours charged to capitalization of software, lower consulting expenses and reduction in personnel expenses on account of lower headcount. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 6% or $216,000 primarily due to increased personnel related expenses including the addition of staffing in sales and additional stock-based compensation. In addition, we incurred $611,000 of transaction expenses related to the proposed Exchange Transaction with BitNile. (See Note 20 - Share Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham.)
Exchange Transaction expenses were as follows for fiscal year 2022
Exchange Transaction expenses
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
Legal Fees
$
Investment banker's fairness opinion
Consulting fees
Retention bonuses
Total
$
Of the $611,000 of Exchange Transaction related costs incurred during fiscal 2022, $523,000 and $88,000 were recognized as Selling, general and administrative expenses and cost of revenues, respectively.
Interest expense, net and other were as follows for the fiscal years shown:
Interest expense, net and other
(Dollars in thousands)
Category
$ Change
% Change
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan
$ -
$
$ (791 )
(100 )%
Interest expense, net
$ (52 )
$ (97 )
$ (45 )
(46 )%
Other expense, net
$ (65 )
$ -
$
N/A
Provision for income tax
$ (2 )
$ (2 )
$ -
%
Deemed dividend on Series E preferred stock
$ (53 )
$ (14 )
$
%
The Company received a Paycheck Protection Program Loan (“PPP Loan”) of $786,000 in April 2020 which was forgiven along with corresponding interest of $4,521 in November 2020.
Interest expense, net in fiscal 2022 was $52,000, a decrease of $45,000 from fiscal 2021. Interest expense decreased primarily due to lower outstanding borrowings under a term loan which was fully repaid at the end of fiscal 2021.
The deemed dividend on the Series E preferred shares was $53,000 in fiscal 2022 as compared to $14,000 in fiscal 2021 due to the conversion of E-series preferred shares to common shares in fiscal 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company incurred net losses of $2.7 million and $0.4 million in fiscal years 2021 and 2022, respectively. These losses have contributed to an accumulated deficit of $34.0 million as of March 26, 2022. The Company has also experienced delays in receipt of orders for the EW test system products. These delays have contributed, in part, to the losses, decrease in working capital and increase in inventories.
Our primary sources of liquidity come from customer sales and our Financing Agreement, both of which are dependent on our receipt and shipment of customer orders, and capital raised from investors and lenders. Therefore, if we are unable to maintain sufficient levels of liquidity solely from sales to customers and borrowings under the Financing Agreement, we may be required to seek funding from other sources.
The Company’s limitation in resources as a small public company has caused it to reevaluate its future alternatives and as a result, has entered into the Exchange Agreement (See Note 20 - Share Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham). To address our liquidity needs in the near term, we entered into a loan agreement with Digital Power Lending, LLC (“DPL”), an affiliate of BitNile, the parent company of Gresham and borrowed $500,000 on November 12, 2021. On January 7, 2022, the parties amended this loan agreement which allowed the Company to borrow an additional $300,000 (See Note 7 - Term Loans). On April 5, 2022, the parties amended this loan agreement which allowed the Company to borrow an additional $500,000, for a total of $1,300,000 (See Note 21 - Subsequent Events).
The Exchange Agreement provides that following our combination with of Gresham, we will pursue an underwritten public offering of $25 million of our common stock. BitNile has agreed to purchase up to $5.75 million of common stock in the public offering and simultaneously therewith, to convert $4.25 million of indebtedness that BitNile has agreed to lend to us upon the closing of our acquisition of Gresham. There can be no assurance that we will successfully complete the acquisition of Gresham or the public offering or that additional financing will be available to us in the future.
We have also put in place a plan as a standalone company and plan to repay the loan to BitNile in November 2022 without raising additional funding because of the large inventory on hand for the TEmS solution, which will result in cash with sales of TEmS.
Management will continue to review all aspects of its business including, but not limited to, the contribution of its individual business segments, in an effort to improve cash flow and reduce costs and expenses, while continuing to invest, to the extent possible, in new product development for future revenue streams.
Our historical operating results and forecasting uncertainties indicate that substantial doubt exists related to our ability to continue as a going concern. Management believes that through the actions to date and possible future actions described above, we should have the necessary liquidity to continue operations at least twelve months from the issuance of the financial statements. However, we cannot predict, with certainty, the outcome of our actions to maintain or generate additional liquidity, including the availability of additional financing, or whether such actions would generate the expected liquidity as currently planned. Forecasting uncertainties also exist with respect to our EW test system product line due to the potential longer than anticipated sales cycles.
Therefore, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern; however, the above conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to do so. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that might result if we were unable to do so.
Cash Flows
The following summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated has been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this filing:
Cash Flows
(Dollars in thousands)
Fiscal Year Ended
Category
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$ (2,386 )
$
Net cash used in investing activities
-
(94 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
1,675
(186 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash
(711 )
Cash at the beginning of the fiscal year
Cash at the end of the period
$
$
Our cash balance decreased by $711,000 during fiscal 2022 primarily due to cash used in operating activities of $2.4 million, which was partially offset by $1.7 million in cash provided by financing activities.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
During fiscal 2022, we used cash of $2.4 million in operating activities, which was primarily the result of the loss of $2.7 million and the build-up of inventory of $1.3 million.
We expect that cash flows from operating activities will fluctuate in future periods due to a number of factors including our level of revenue, which fluctuates significantly from one period to another due to the timing of receipt of contracts, operating results, amounts of non-cash charges, and the timing of our product shipments, inventory purchases, billings, collections and disbursements.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
During fiscal 2022, there was no investment in property and equipment, as compared to fiscal 2021 when $94,000 was invested.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
During fiscal 2022, we provided $1.7 million of cash in financing activities, as compared to $186,000 of cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2021.
The $1.9 million increase was primarily due to the issuance of prefunded warrants, common stock (See Note 10 - Sale of Common Stock) and loans received (See Note 7 - Term Loans), partially offset by principal payments on leases.
Financed Receivables
On March 11, 2019, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Business Financing Agreement with Western Alliance Bank.
Under the Financing Agreement, we may borrow up to 85% of the amounts of customer invoices that we have issued, up to a maximum of $2.5 million in aggregate advances outstanding at any time.
Interest accrues on amount outstanding under the Financing Agreement at an annual rate equal to the greater of prime or 4.5% plus one percent. The Company is required to pay certain fees, including an annual facility fee of $14,700 that is paid in two equal semiannual installments. The Company’s obligations under the Financing Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and any domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain customary exceptions. The Financing Agreement has no specified term and may be terminated by either the Company or Western Alliance Bank at any time.
As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, the Company’s total outstanding borrowings under the Financing Agreement were $450,000 and $683,000, respectively.
Term Loan
On November 12, 2021, the Company entered into a loan agreement with DPL, a California limited liability company and licensed California Finance Lender, and an affiliate of BitNile, a Delaware corporation. The loan is evidenced by a secured promissory note dated as of November 12, 2021, which provides, among other things that the principal amount of the loan will bear interest at the rate of 10.0% per annum. Unless prepaid by the Company, all principal and accrued interest under the loan is payable on November 12, 2022 or, if earlier, upon the Company’s completion of an underwritten public offering or the termination of the Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham, a Delaware corporation. The Company’s obligations under the loan are secured by a pledge of all of the Company’s assets. The loan and the lender’s security interest are subordinate to the Company’s existing bank lending arrangement. The Company’s outstanding balance of this loan as of March 26, 2022 was $800,000 and is included in Loans payable, net of discounts and issuance costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On April 27, 2017, the Company entered into a $1.5 million loan agreement with Partners For Growth (“PFG”), which was funded by PFG on April 28, 2017 (“PFG Loan”). As of March 27, 2021, the Company’s total outstanding loan balance under this loan was paid off in full and the agreement was terminated.
Paycheck Protection Program under the CARES Act
On April 23, 2020, the Company borrowed $786,200 from Western Alliance Bank pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. The Company accounted for the PPP Loan as a loan under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470, Debt, (“ASC470”). The PPP Loan had a stated maturity date of April 23, 2022 with interest accruing on the principal balance at the rate of 1.0% per annum.
On November 19, 2020, the outstanding principal and accrued interest for the PPP Loan was forgiven in full by the SBA.
Contractual Obligations
We lease our Dublin, California facility under an operating lease agreement which expires in March 2023. Total future minimum lease payments under these leases amount to approximately $696,500, of which $487,500 is scheduled to be paid in fiscal 2023.
We lease our Nashua, New Hampshire facility under an amended operating lease agreement which expires February 28, 2023. Total future minimum lease payments under this lease amount to $27,500, all of which is scheduled to be paid in fiscal 2023.
We are committed to purchase certain inventory under non-cancelable, non-returnable (“NCNR”) purchase orders. As of March 26, 2022, total NCNR purchase orders were approximately $400,000 and are scheduled to be delivered to the Company at various dates through March 2023.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
A non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the SEC as a numerical measure of a company’s historical or future performance, financial position or cash flows that includes or excludes amounts from the most directly comparable measure under GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to, our reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Users of this financial information should consider the types of events and transactions that are excluded from these measures.
We measure our operating performance in part based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) which is a non-GAAP financial measure that is commonly used but is not a recognized accounting term under GAAP. We use EBITDA to monitor and facilitate internal evaluation of the performance of our business operations, to facilitate external comparison of our business results to those of others in our industry, and to plan and evaluate operating budgets. We believe that our measure of EBITDA provides useful information to the public regarding our operating performance and ability to service debt and fund capital expenditures and may help our investors understand and compare our results to other companies that have different financing, capital and tax structures. EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, but instead as a supplemental to, income or loss from operations, net income or loss, cash flows from operating activities, or other income or cash flow data prepared in accordance with GAAP.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted for net other income or expense items, share based compensation and certain one-time income or expense items. In the following reconciliation, we provide amounts as reflected in our accompanying consolidated financial statements unless otherwise noted.
The reconciliation of our net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the fiscal years ended below is as follows:
Net (loss)
$ (2,715 )
$ (393 )
Cumulative and deemed dividends on Series E preferred stock
(53 )
(14 )
Net (loss) attributable to common shareholders
(2,768 )
(407 )
Depreciation and amortization
Interest and taxes
EBITDA
(2,512 )
(55 )
Adjustments:
Stock-based compensation
Finance costs for issuance of prefunded warrants
-
Gain on remeasurement of prefunded warrants liability
(92 )
-
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan
-
(791 )
Transaction related expenses
-
Adjusted EBITDA
$ (1,293 )
$ (492 )
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and the results of operations are based upon the consolidated financial statements included in this report and the data used to prepare them. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions in the course of such preparation. The Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included with the consolidated financial statements describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we re-evaluate our judgments, estimates and assumptions. We base our judgment and estimates on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions, and our beliefs of what could occur in the future considering available information. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We have identified the following as our critical accounting policies:
Revenue Recognition
The Company follows the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 as subsequently amended by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) between 2015 and 2017 and collectively known as ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The guidance provides a unified model to determine how revenue is recognized. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as we fulfill our obligations under our agreements, we perform the following steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation.
We generate revenue through the design, manufacture, and sale of products used in the defense industry to major prime defense contractors, the armed services (primarily in the U.S.) and research institutes. There is generally one performance obligation in our contracts with our customers. For highly engineered products, the customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by our right to payment for costs incurred to date plus a reasonable profit for products or services that do not have an alternative use. In these circumstances, the performance obligation is the design and manufacturing service. As control transfers continuously over time on these contracts, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation using a cost-to-cost method. Engineering services are also satisfied over time and recognized on a cost-to-cost method. These types of revenue arrangements are typical for our defense contracts within the Microsource segment for its RADAR filter products used in fighter jet aircrafts.
For the sale of standard or minimally customized products, the performance obligation is the series of finished products which are recognized at the points in time the units are transferred to the control of the customer, typically upon shipment. This type of revenue arrangement is typical for our commercial contracts within the Giga-tronics segment for its system products used for testing RADAR/EW systems.
Product Warranties
Our warranty policy generally provides one to three years of coverage depending on the product. We record a liability for estimated warranty obligations at the date products are sold. The estimated cost of warranty coverage is based on our actual historical experience with our current products or similar products. For new products, the required reserve is based on historical experience of similar products until sufficient historical data has been collected on the new product. Adjustments are made as new information becomes available.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable values. We have estimated an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on our analysis of specifically identified problem accounts, outstanding receivables, consideration of the age of those receivables, our historical collection experience and adjustments for other factors management believes are necessary based on perceived credit risk.
Inventories, net
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis. We periodically review inventory on hand to identify and write down excess and obsolete inventory based on estimated product demand.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Future tax benefits are subject to a valuation allowance when management is unable to conclude that its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers both positive and negative evidence and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.
We consider all tax positions recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the likelihood of realization. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the positions taken or the amounts of the positions that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above, if any, would be reflected as unrecognized tax benefits, as applicable, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. We also recognize accrued interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Stock-Based Compensation
We have a stock incentive plan that provides for the issuance of stock options and restricted stock to employees and directors. We calculate stock-based compensation expense for stock options using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model and record the fair value of stock option and restricted stock awards expected to vest over the requisite service period. In doing so, we make certain key assumptions in making estimates used in the model. We believe the estimates used, which are presented in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, are appropriate and reasonable.
Going Concern
We evaluate our relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that our financial statements are issued. This includes Management’s preparation and review of a forecasting process that evaluates a twelve-month horizon period post issuance of the consolidated financial statements. Management responds to the known and reasonably knowable circumstances that give rise to our initial doubt as a going concern by implementing plans that are reasonably sufficient to overcome the conditions that give rise to our ability to continue. Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result if we were unable to do so.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance-sheet arrangements (including standby letters of credit, guarantees, contingent interests in transferred assets, contingent obligations indexed to our stock or any obligation arising out of a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides credit or other support to the Company), that have or are likely to have a material effect on our financial conditions, changes in financial conditions, revenue, expense, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Pursuant to Item 305 of Regulation S-K, the Company, as a smaller reporting company, is not required to provide the information required by this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
Consolidated Financial Statements Page
Consolidated Balance Sheets - As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity - Years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 29-45
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 00032)
GIGA-TRONICS INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands except share data)
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash
$ 25 $ 736
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3 and $3, respectively
530 801
Inventories, net
4,853 3,601
Prepaid expenses
62 100
Unbilled receivable
1,380 1,120
Total current assets
6,850 6,358
Property, plant and equipment, net
341 455
Right-of-use asset
521 865
Other long-term assets
343 169
Total assets
$ 8,055 $ 7,847
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
$ 1,530 $ 1,044
Loans payable, net of discounts and issuance costs
1,250 683
Accrued payroll and benefits
608 446
Deferred revenue
- 7
Lease obligations
485 445
Other current liabilities
241 279
Total current liabilities
4,114 2,904
Other non-current liabilities
10 6
Long term lease obligations
206 690
Total liabilities
4,330 3,600
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock; no par value; Authorized - 1,000,000 shares
Series A convertible preferred stock: 250,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021
- -
Series B, C, D convertible preferred stock: 19,500 authorized shares; 17,782 shares issued and outstanding at March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021; (liquidation preference of $3,367 at March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021)
2,745 2,745
Series E convertible preferred stock: 100,000 authorized shares; 5,700 and 9,200 shares issued and outstanding at March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, respectively; (liquidation preference of $214 at March 26, 2022 and $345 at March 27, 2021)
90 177
Common stock; no par value; Authorized - 13,333,333 shares; 2,767,230 and 2,635,856 shares issued and outstanding at March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, respectively
34,842 32,306
Accumulated deficit
(33,952 ) (30,981 )
Total shareholders’ equity
3,725 4,247
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$ 8,055 $ 7,847
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
GIGA-TRONICS INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands except per share data)
Years Ended
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Net revenue:
Goods
$
$ 3,670
Services
8,257
9,382
Total revenue
9,027
13,052
Cost of revenue
5,770
8,111
Gross profit
3,257
4,941
Operating expenses:
Engineering
1,153
2,153
Selling, general and administrative
4,089
3,873
Transaction expenses
-
Total operating expenses
5,853
6,026
Operating loss
(2,596 )
(1,085 )
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan
-
Interest expense, net and other:
Interest expense, net
(52 )
(97 )
Other expense, net
(65 )
-
Loss before income taxes
(2,713 )
(391 )
Provision for income taxes
Net loss
(2,715 )
(393 )
Deemed dividend on Series E preferred stock
(53 )
(14 )
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$ (2,768 )
$ (407 )
Loss per common share - basic and diluted
$ (1.00 )
$ (0.15 )
Weighted average common shares used in per share calculation:
Basic and diluted
2,767
2,636
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
GIGA-TRONICS INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands except share data)
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Accumulated
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Deficit
Total
Balance at March 28, 2020
26,982
$ 2,922
2,635,856
$ 31,952
$ (30,574 )
$ 4,300
Net loss
(393 )
(393 )
Stock-based compensation
Series E dividends
(14 )
(14 )
Balance at March 27, 2021
26,982
2,922
2,635,856
32,306
(30,981 )
4,247
Net loss
(2,715 )
(2,715 )
Restricted stock granted
38,020
Restricted stock forfeited
(10,000 )
Stock-based compensation
Series E dividends
(53 )
(53 )
Deemed dividend in connection with issuance of prefunded warrants
(203 )
(203 )
Prefunded warrants issuance
1,608
1,608
Issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of options
22,200
Common stock issuance, net of offering costs
46,154
Series E preferred stock converted to common
(3,500 )
(87 )
35,000
Balance at March 26, 2022
23,482
$ 2,835
2,767,230
$ 34,842
$ (33,952 )
$ 3,725
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
GIGA-TRONICS INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Years Ended
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss
$ (2,715 )
$ (393 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
Stock-based compensation
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan
-
(786 )
Interest forgiven
-
(5 )
Finance costs for issuance of prefunded warrants
-
Gain on remeasurement of prefunded warrants liability
(92 )
-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable, net
Inventories, net
(1,340 )
(445 )
Prepaid expenses
Unbilled receivable
(260 )
Right-of-use asset
Other long term assets
(174 )
Accounts payable
Accrued payroll and benefits
Deferred revenue
(7 )
(152 )
Accrued interest
(91 )
Other current and non-current liabilities
(54 )
(208 )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
(2,386 )
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment
-
(94 )
Net cash used in investing activities
-
(94 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments on leases
(445 )
(426 )
Repayments of borrowings
(6,136 )
(2,680 )
Proceeds from loan payable, net of issuance costs
6,703
2,920
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
-
Proceeds from issuance of stock, net of issuance costs
-
Proceeds from issuance of prefunded warrants, net of issuance costs
1,343
-
Dividend on Series E preferred stock
(9 )
-
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
1,675
(186 )
Increase (decrease) in cash
(711 )
Beginning cash
Ending cash
$
$
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes
$
$
Cash paid for interest
$
$
Supplementary disclosure of noncash activities:
Deemed dividend on common shares from prefunded warrants issuance
$
$ -
Deemed dividend on common shares from conversion of Series E shares
$
$ -
See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Giga-tronics Incorporated (“Giga-tronics”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Microsource, Inc., collectively the “Company”. The Company’s corporate office and manufacturing facilities are located in Dublin, California.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Giga-tronics and its wholly owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fiscal Year
The Company’s financial reporting year consists of either a 52 week or 53-week period ending on the last Saturday of the month of March. Fiscal year 2022 ended on March 26, 2022, resulting in a 52-week year. Fiscal year 2021 ended on March 27, 2021, which resulted in a 52-week year. All references to years in the consolidated financial statements relate to fiscal years rather than calendar years.
Reclassification
Certain balances included on the consolidated financial statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Leases
The Company has two operating leases for administrative, marketing, sales and engineering offices as well as manufacturing facilities. The Company recognizes long-term operating lease rights and commitments as operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities, non-current, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company elected the transition package of three practical expedients which allow companies not to reassess (i) whether agreements contain leases, (ii) the classification of leases, and (iii) the capitalization of initial direct costs. Further, the Company elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of its leases.
The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets, and operating lease liabilities are initially recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease terms include the minimum unconditional term of the lease and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain at the commencement date that such options will be exercised. In addition, the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate. In determining the present value of the Company’s expected lease payments, the discount rate is calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate determined based on the information available, which requires additional judgment.
Revenue Recognition
Beginning April 1, 2018, the Company follows the provisions of ASU 2014-09 as subsequently amended by the FASB between 2015 and 2017 and collectively known as ASC 606. Amounts for prior periods are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting practices. The guidance provides a unified model to determine how revenue is recognized. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under its agreements, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price and (v) recognize revenue when or as we satisfy each performance obligation.
Contract Identification
The Company generates revenue through the design, manufacture, and sale of products used in the defense industry to major prime defense contractors, the U.S. armed services and research institutes. There is generally one performance obligation in the Company’s contracts with its customers. For highly engineered products, the customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by the Company’s right to payment for costs incurred to date plus a reasonable profit for products or services that do not have an alternative use. In these circumstances, the performance obligation is the design and manufacturing service. As control transfers continuously over time on these contracts, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation using a cost-to-cost method. Engineering services are also satisfied over time and recognized on the cost-to-cost method. These types of revenue arrangements are typical for the Company’s defense contracts within the Microsource segment for its RADAR filter products used in fighter jet aircrafts.
For the sale of standard or minimally customized products, the performance obligation is the series of finished products which are recognized at the points in time the units are transferred to the control of the customer, typically upon shipment. This type of revenue arrangement is typical for our commercial contracts within the Giga-tronics segment for its ASGA system products used for testing RADAR /EW equipment.
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. The Company’s performance obligations include:
●
Design and manufacturing services
●
Product supply - Distinct goods or services that are substantially the same
●
Engineering services
The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct.
Transaction Price
The Company has both fixed and variable consideration. Under the Company’s highly engineered design and manufacturing arrangements, advance payments and unit prices are considered fixed, as product is not returnable, and the Company has an enforceable right to reimbursement in the event of a cancellation. For standard and minimally customized products, payments can include variable consideration, such as product returns and sales allowances. The transaction price in engineering services arrangements may include estimated amounts of variable consideration, including award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Milestone payments are identified as variable consideration when determining the transaction price. At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. The Company estimates variable consideration at the amount to which they expect to be entitled and determines whether to include estimated amounts as a reduction in the transaction price based largely on an assessment of the conditions that might trigger an adjustment to the transaction price and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to the Company. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the estimation uncertainty is resolved.
Allocation of Consideration
As part of the accounting for arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation identified in the contract. When a contract contains more than one performance obligation, the Company uses key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation. Because of the customized nature of products and services, estimated stand-alone selling prices for most performance obligations are estimated using a cost-plus margin approach. For non-customized products, list prices generally represent the standalone selling price. The Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative stand-alone selling prices of the promised goods or service underlying each performance obligation.
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Significant management judgment is required to determine the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company expects to complete its performance obligations under the arrangement. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company generally uses the cost-to-cost measure of progress as this measure best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenue is recognized for design and manufacturing services and for engineering services over time proportionate to the costs that the Company has incurred to perform the services using the cost-to-cost method and for products at a point in time.
Changes in Estimates
The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.
For contracts using the cost-to-cost method, management reviews the progress and execution of the performance obligations. This process requires management judgment relative to estimating contract revenue and cost and making assumptions for delivery schedule. This process requires management’s judgment to make reasonably dependable cost estimates. Since certain contracts extend over a longer period of time, the impact of revisions in cost and revenue estimates during the progress of work may adjust the current period earnings through a cumulative catch-up basis. This method recognizes, in the current period, the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior quarters. Contract cost and revenue estimates for significant contracts are generally reviewed and reassessed quarterly.
Balance Sheet Presentation
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the typical payment terms of over time contracts, the customer pays either performance-based payments or progress payments. Amounts billed and due from customers are classified as receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interim payments may be made as work progresses, and for some contracts, an advance payment may be made. A liability is recognized for these interim and advance payments in excess of revenue recognized and is presented as a contract liability which is included within Other current liabilities and Other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract liabilities typically are not considered a significant financing component because these cash advances are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract. When revenue recognized exceeds, the amount billed to the customer, an unbilled receivable (contract asset) is recorded for the amount the Company is entitled to receive based on its enforceable right to payment and is included in Unbilled receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed as of the period end date and excludes unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts (e.g., indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity).
Conversion of Convertible Preferred Stock
ASC 260, Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) (“ASC 260”), provides guidance on the accounting for induced conversions of convertible preferred stock and states that issuers should consider the guidance in ASC 470-20-40-13 through 40-17, Debt with conversion and other options, to determine whether a conversion of preferred stock is pursuant to an inducement offer. ASC 470-20-40-13 through 40-17 addresses the accounting for induced conversions of convertible debt (other than cash convertible debt instruments) that (1) occur pursuant to changed conversion privileges that are exercisable only for a limited period of time, (2) include the issuance of all of the equity securities issuable pursuant to conversion privileges included in the terms of the debt at issuance for each debt instrument that is converted and (3) involve any of the following:
•
Reduction of the original conversion price (thereby resulting in the issuance of additional shares of stock)
•
Issuance of warrants or other securities not provided for in the original conversion terms
•
Payment of cash or other consideration (sometimes called a convertible stock sweetener) to those shareholders who convert during the specified time period. The additional consideration is usually offered to induce prompt conversion of the stock to another class of equity.
ASC 470-20-40-14 further explains that an induced conversion includes an exchange of a convertible debt instrument for equity securities or a combination of equity securities and other consideration, whether or not the exchange involves legal exercise of the contractual conversion privileges included in the terms of the debt.
If a conversion of preferred stock is an inducement offer pursuant to ASC 470, the fair value of the additional securities or other consideration issued to induce conversion should be subtracted from net income to arrive at income available to common shareholders in the calculation of EPS pursuant to ASC 260. The deemed dividend is reflected on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Operations as an increase in net loss or a decrease in net income to arrive at net income/(loss) attributable to common shareholders. (See Note 18 - Preferred Stock and Warrants).
Accrued Warranty
The Company’s warranty policy generally provides one to three years of coverage depending on the product. The Company records a liability for estimated warranty obligations at the date products are sold. The estimated cost of warranty coverage is based on the Company’s actual historical experience with its current products or similar products. For new products, the required reserve is based on historical experience of similar products until such time as sufficient historical data has been collected on the new product. Adjustments are made as new information becomes available.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the standard cost method, which approximates the first-in, first-out inventory method. Standard costing and overhead allocation rates are reviewed by management periodically, but not less than annually. Overhead rates are recorded to inventory based on capacity management expects for the period the inventory will be held. Reserves are recorded within cost of sales for impaired or obsolete inventory when the cost of inventory exceeds its estimated fair value. Management evaluates the need for inventory reserves based on its estimate of the amount realizable through projected sales including an evaluation of whether a product is reaching the end of its life cycle. When inventory is discarded it is written off against the inventory reserve, as inventory generally has already been fully reserved for at the time it is discarded.
Research and Development
Research and development expenditures, which include the cost of materials consumed in research and development activities, salaries, wages and other costs of personnel engaged in research and development, costs of services performed by others for research and development on the Company’s behalf and indirect costs are expensed as operating expenses when incurred. Research and development costs totaled approximately $1.2 million and $2.2 million for the years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, respectively and are recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations as Engineering under Operating expenses.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from three to ten years for machinery and equipment and office fixtures. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term.
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of its expected future cash flows on an undiscounted basis, the asset’s carrying amount would be written down to fair value. Additionally, the Company reports long-lived assets to be disposed of at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. As of March 26, 2022, and March 27, 2021, management believes there has been no impairment of the Company’s long-lived assets.
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Warrants are accounted for in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance provided in ASC 815 - Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the agreement. Liability-classified instruments are recorded at fair value at each reporting period with any change in fair value recognized as a component of change in fair value of derivative liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company estimates liability-classified instruments using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. The valuation methodologies require management to develop assumptions and inputs that have significant impact on such valuations. The Company periodically evaluates changes in facts and circumstances that could impact the classification of warrants from liability to equity, or vice versa.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Future tax benefits are subject to a valuation allowance when management is unable to conclude that its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers both positive and negative evidence and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.
The Company considers all tax positions recognized in its financial statements for the likelihood of realization. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the positions taken or the amounts of the positions that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above, if any, would be reflected as unrecognized tax benefits, as applicable, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Software Development Costs
Development costs included in the research and development of new software products and enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred, until technological feasibility in the form of a working model has been established. As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, the Company had $172,500 and $0, respectively, as capitalized software development costs which are included in Other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Capitalized software development costs are evaluated each reporting period for impairment.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company records stock-based compensation expense for the fair value of all stock options and restricted stock that are ultimately expected to vest as the requisite service is rendered.
The cash flows resulting from the tax benefits resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those options (excess tax benefits) are classified as cash flows from financing in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. These excess tax benefits were not significant for the Company for the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021.
In calculating compensation related to stock option grants, the fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The computation of expected volatility used in the Black-Scholes- Merton option-pricing model is based on the historical volatility of Giga-tronics’ share price. The expected term is estimated based on a review of historical employee exercise behavior with respect to option grants. For new option grants in fiscal 2022, we used the simplified method as described in Staff Accounting Bulletin 107 because of insufficient exercise history. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. Expected dividend yield was not considered in the option pricing formula since the Company has not paid dividends and has no current plans to do so in the future. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.
The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of the underlying shares at the date of the grant.
Loss Per Common Share
Basic loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS incorporates the incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method. Anti-dilutive securities are not included in the computation of diluted EPS. Non-vested shares of restricted stock have non-forfeitable dividend rights and are considered participating securities for the purpose of calculating basic and diluted EPS under the two-class method.
Comprehensive Income or Loss
There are no items of comprehensive income or loss other than net income or loss.
Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and trade accounts receivable. Concentration of credit risk in trade accounts receivable results primarily from sales to major customers. The Company individually evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers and generally does not require collateral or other security. As of March 26, 2022, three customers combined accounted for 92% of consolidated gross accounts receivable. As of March 27, 2021, two customers combined accounted for 95% of consolidated gross accounts receivable.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, line of credit, term debt, and warrant derivative liability. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability. The Company uses fair value measurements based on quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access as of the measurement date (Level 1), significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data (Level 2), or significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability (Level 3), depending on the nature of the item being valued.
Note 2. Going Concern and Management's Plan
The Company incurred net losses of $2.7 million and $0.4 million in the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, respectively. These losses have contributed to an accumulated deficit of $34.0 million as of March 26, 2022.
The Company believes that it has a very novel, innovative TEmS solution and that its technology will play a critical role in the development, testing, and fielding of a new advanced weapon system program of record for the U. S. Air Force program. However, the Company’s limitation in resources as a small public company has caused it to reevaluate its future alternatives and as a result, has it has entered into the Exchange Agreement. Under the Exchange Agreement, the Company is restricted from raising funds either via debt or equity and has therefore received a loan of $1.3 million from DPL, a BitNile subsidiary. The Company expects to combine with Gresham in August 2022 and resolve the going concern matter. (See Note 20 - Share Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham).
Management has also put in place a plan as a stand-alone company and believes that the Company can repay the loan to BitNile in November 2022 without raising additional funding because of the large inventory on hand for TEmS solution, which will result in cash with sales of TEmS solution. Management will continue to review all aspects of its business including, but not limited to, the contribution of its individual business segments, in an effort to improve cash flow and reduce costs and expenses, while continuing to invest, to the extent possible, in new product development for future revenue streams.
The Company's historical operating results and forecasting uncertainties indicate that substantial doubt exists related to its ability to continue as a going concern. Management believes that through the actions to date and possible future actions described above, the Company should have the necessary liquidity to continue operations at least twelve months from the issuance of the financial statements. However, management cannot predict, with certainty, the outcome of its actions to maintain or generate additional liquidity, including the availability of additional financing, or whether such actions would generate the expected liquidity as currently planned. Forecasting uncertainties also exist with respect to the EW test system product line due to the potential longer than anticipated sales cycles.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result if the Company were unable to do so.
Note 3. Cash
Cash of $25,000 and $736,000 as of March 26, 2022, and March 27, 2021, respectively, consisted of demand deposits with a financial institution that is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). As of March 26, 2022, none of the Company’s demand deposits exceeded FDIC insurance limits. As of March 27, 2021, $486,000 of the Company’s demand deposits exceeded FDIC insurance limits.
Note 4. Inventories, net
Inventories, net consisted of the following:
Inventories, net
(Dollars in thousands)
Fiscal Years Ended
Category
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Raw materials
$ 2,264 $ 946
Work-in-progress
2,474 2,418
Finished goods
95 129
Demonstration inventory
20 108
Total
$ 4,853 $ 3,601
Note 5. Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, net comprised of the following:
Property, plant and equipment, net
(Dollars in thousands)
Fiscal Years Ended
Category
March 26 ,2022
March 27 ,2021
Leasehold improvements
$ 648 $ 648
Machinery and equipment
4,631 4,631
Computer and software
705 705
Furniture and office equipment
107 107
Property, plant and equipment
6,091 6,091
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
(5,750 ) (5,636 )
Property, plant and equipment, net
$ 341 $ 455
Depreciation expense for the fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was $202,000 and 253,000 respectively.
Note 6. Financed Receivables
On March 11, 2019, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Business Financing Agreement with Western Alliance Bank. The Financing Agreement amends and restates a previous credit agreement with the bank.
Under the Financing Agreement, the Company may borrow up to 85% of the amounts of customer invoices issued by the Company, up to a maximum of $2.5 million in aggregate advances outstanding at any time.
Interest accrues on amounts outstanding under the Financing Agreement at an annual rate equal to the greater of prime or 4.5% plus one percent. The Company is required to pay certain fees, including an annual facility fee of $14,700, to be paid in two equal semiannual installments. The Company’s obligations under the Financing Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and any domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain customary exceptions. The Financing Agreement has no specified term and may be terminated by either the Company or Western Alliance Bank at any time.
The Financing Agreement contains customary events of default, including, among others: non-payment of principal, interest or other amounts when due; providing false or misleading representations and information; Western Alliance Bank failing to have an enforceable first lien on the collateral; cross-defaults with certain other indebtedness; certain undischarged judgments; bankruptcy, insolvency or inability to pay debts; and a change of control of the Company. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the interest rate on the outstanding borrowings increases by 500 basis points and the bank may declare the loans and all other obligations under the Financing Agreement immediately due and payable.
As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, the Company’s total outstanding borrowings under the Financing Agreement were $450,000 and $683,000, respectively, and are included in Loans payable, net of discounts and issuance costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Note 7. Term Loans
On April 27, 2017, the Company entered into a $1.5 million loan agreement with Partners For Growth, which was funded on April 28, 2017. As of March 27, 2021, the Company's total outstanding loan balance under this loan was paid off in full and the agreement was terminated.
On November 12, 2021, the Company borrowed $500,000 from DPL, a California limited liability company and licensed California Finance Lender, and an affiliate of BitNile, a Delaware corporation. On January 2, 2022, the Company borrowed an additional $300,000 from the affiliate of BitNile. The loan is evidenced by a secured promissory note, which provides, among other things that the principal amount of the loan will bear interest at the rate of 10.0% per annum. Unless prepaid by the Company, all principal and accrued interest under the loan is payable on November 12, 2022 or, if earlier, upon the Company’s completion of an underwritten public offering or the Company’s termination of the Exchange Agreement dated December 27, 2021 with BitNile and Gresham Worldwide Inc. (“Gresham”), a Delaware corporation (“Exchange Agreement”). The Company’s obligations under the loan are secured by a pledge of all of the Company’s assets. The loan and the Lender’s security interest are subordinate to the Company’s existing bank Financing Agreement. The Company’s outstanding balance of this loan as of March 26, 2022 was $800,000 and is included in Loans payable, net of discounts and issuance costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, the Company’s total outstanding loan balances were $800,000 and $0, respectively, and are included in Loans payable, net of discounts and issuance costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Note 8. Paycheck Protection Program Loan under the CARES Act
On April 23, 2020, the Company borrowed $786,000 from Western Alliance Bank pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“PPP Loan”). The Company accounted for the PPP Loan as a loan under ASC 470. The PPP Loan had a stated maturity date of April 23, 2022 with interest accruing on the principal balance at the rate of 1.0% per annum.
On November 19, 2020, the outstanding principal and accrued interest for the PPP Loan was forgiven in full by the SBA and recognized as a gain on extinguishment.
In August 2021, the Company applied for the Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”) for a total amount of $233,000. This ERC is a fully refundable tax credit for employers equal to 50 percent of qualified wages that eligible employers pay their employees. This ERC applies to qualified wages paid after March 12, 2020 and before January 1, 2021.
In January 2022, the Company applied for another ERC for a total amount of $321,000. This ERC is a fully refundable tax credit for employers equal to 70 percent of qualified wages that eligible employers pay their employees. This ERC applies to qualified wages paid after December 2020 and before January 1, 2022.
Currently, we are unable to provide an estimate as to whether and when we will receive these ERC funds as the Company's applications are pending Internal Revenue Service processing and approval.
Note 9. Fair Value Measurement
Pursuant to the accounting guidance for fair value measurement and its subsequent updates, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the use of observable market data when available. Observable inputs are inputs, that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on active market data. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.
The fair value hierarchy is broken down into the three input levels summarized below:
•
Level 1 -Valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible by us at the reporting date. Examples of assets and liabilities utilizing Level 1 inputs are certain money market funds, U.S. Treasuries and trading securities with quoted prices on active markets.
•
Level 2 -Valuations based on inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in active markets. Examples of assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs are U.S. government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and over-the-counter derivatives.
•
Level 3 -Valuations based on unobservable inputs in which there are little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions.
The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and line of credit approximate their fair values at each balance sheet date due to the short-term maturity of these financial instruments, and generally result in inputs categorized as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.
Note 10. Sale of Common Stock
On April 27, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (“Investors”) pursuant to which it issued and sold prefunded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 461,538 shares of the Company’s common stock (“Prefunded Warrants”) for gross proceeds of $1,500,000 or $3.25 per Prefunded Warrant in a private placement on the same day. Net proceeds to the Company after fees and expenses of the private placement were approximately $1,343,000. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the Company and certain indemnification obligations and ongoing covenants of the Company.
The Prefunded Warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised for a de-minimis exercise price of $0.01 per share subject to the limitation that a holder of a Prefunded Warrant will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Prefunded Warrant if the holder together with its affiliates and attribution parties (as such terms are defined in the Prefunded Warrants) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Prefunded Warrants. The Prefunded Warrants do not expire. The Prefunded Warrants also contained a put option, exercisable under certain conditions. Because of this put-option provision, the Prefunded Warrants were initially classified as a liability at fair value of $1,703,000 on the issuance date and marked to market at each reporting date. Further, because the fair value of the prefunded warrant liability on the issuance date was greater than the proceeds of the Prefunded Private Placement and the warrants were issued to existing common stockholders, the difference was recorded to accumulated deficit as a $203,000 deemed dividend. There were finance costs of $157,000 associated with the issuance of the Prefunded Warrants. There was a gain on measurement of $46,000 on the prefunded warrant liability in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and $46,000 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022.These amounts are recorded in Other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, and as a condition to closing the private placement, the Company and each Investor simultaneously entered into a registration rights agreement (“Registration Rights Agreement”) requiring the Company to file a registration statement with the SEC within 45 days of the closing of the private placement to register for resale the shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Prefunded Warrants. The Registration Rights Agreement contains customary terms and conditions, certain liquidated damages provisions for failing to comply with the timing obligations for the filing and effectiveness of the registration statement, and certain customary indemnification obligations.
On April 27, 2021, in connection with the private placement, the Company issued warrants to purchase 23,076 shares of the Company’s common stock to the placement agent for such offering (“Placement Agent Warrants”). The Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price per share equal to $3.575, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and will expire on April 27, 2026. The Placement Agent Warrants do not have the same put option provision as the original Prefunded Warrants and, therefore, are classified as equity.
On June 6, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with a private investor for the sale of a total of 46,154 common shares at the price of $3.25 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $150,000. The sale was completed, and the shares of common stock were issued on June 6, 2021. Net proceeds to the Company after fees and expenses of the transaction were approximately $145,000.
On July 28, 2021, the Company and the holders amended the terms of the Prefunded Warrants to restrict the holder’s option to require cash payment at the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the holder’s Prefunded Warrants to only Fundamental Transactions that are within the Company’s control. Because of this modification of the put-option provision, the Prefunded Warrants were no longer required to be classified as liability under either ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”, or ASC 815, guidance and do not include any embedded features that require bifurcation. Therefore, the Prefunded Warrants were reclassified to equity and remeasured on the modification date of July 28, 2021.
Note 11. Shareholder Rights Plan
On October 12, 2020, the Company adopted a shareholder rights plan by entering into a Rights Agreement with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (“Rights Plan”). The Rights Plan is designed to ensure that all of the Company’s shareholders would receive fair treatment in any potential takeover of the Company. The Company implemented the Rights Plan by issuing one Purchase Right (“Right”) for each share of common stock outstanding on October 22, 2020.
The Rights Plan provides that in the event any person becomes the beneficial owner of 15% or more of the outstanding common shares, each Right (other than any Rights held by the 15% shareholder) will be exercisable, on and after the close of business on the tenth business day following such event, for the purchase of a number of shares of common stock (or equivalent securities, such as one-hundredths of the Company’s Series A Junior Participating Preferred Shares) equal to the exercise price (initially $15.00) divided by 25% of the then current fair market value of the common stock. The Rights Plan further provides that if, on or after the occurrence of such event, the Company is merged into any other corporation or 50% or more of the Company’s assets or earning power are sold, each Right (other than any Rights held by the 15% shareholder) will be exercisable to purchase a similar number of securities of the acquiring corporation.
The Rights expire on October 22, 2025 (unless previously triggered) and are subject to redemption by the Board of Directors at $0.001 per Right at any time prior to the first date upon which they become exercisable to purchase common shares.
Note 12. Significant Customers and Industry Segment Information
The Company has two reportable segments: Microsource and the Giga-tronics Division. Microsource’s primary business is the production of Yttrium-Iron-Garnet (“YIG”) based microwave components designed specifically for the intended operational application. Microsource produces a line of tunable, synthesized Band Reject Filters for solving interference problems in RADAR/EW applications as well as low noise oscillators used on shipboard and land-based self-protection systems. Microsource designs components based upon the Company’s proprietary YIG technology, for each customer’s unique requirement, generally at the customer’s expense. Microsource’s two largest customers are prime contractors for which it develops and manufactures RADAR filters used in fighter jet aircrafts.
The Giga-tronics Division designs, manufactures and markets a family of functional test products for the RADAR/EW segment of the defense electronics market. The Company’s RADAR/EW test products are used to evaluate and improve the performance of RADAR/EW systems.
The accounting policies for the segments are the same as those described in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on earnings before income taxes. Segment net revenue include revenue to external customers. Inter-segment activities are eliminated in consolidation. Assets include accounts receivable, inventories, equipment, cash, deferred income taxes, prepaid expenses and other long-term assets. The Company accounts for inter-segment revenue and transfers at terms that allow a reasonable profit to the seller. During the periods reported there were no significant inter-segment revenue or transfers.
The Company’s reportable operating segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business utilizes different technology and requires different accounting systems. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues and pre-tax income or loss by operating segment.
The tables below present information for fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021.
March 26, 2022 (Dollars in thousands)
Giga-tronics Division
Microsource
Total
Revenue
$ 770 $ 8,257 $ 9,027
Interest expense, net and other
$ (117 ) $ - $ (117 )
Depreciation and amortization
$ 202 $ - $ 202
Net income (loss) before income taxes
$ (5,826 ) $ 3,113 $ (2,713 )
Assets (at period end)
$ 5,645 $ 2,410 $ 8,055
March 27, 2021 (Dollars in thousands)
Giga-tronics Division
Microsource
Total
Revenue
$ 3,670 $ 9,382 $ 13,052
Interest expense, net and other
$ (97 ) $ - $ (97 )
Depreciation and amortization
$ 253 $ - $ 253
Net income (loss) before income taxes
$ (642 ) $ 251 $ (391 )
Assets (at period end)
$ 5,281 $ 2,566 $ 7,847
The Company’s Giga-tronics Division and Microsource segment sell to agencies of the U.S. government and U.S. defense- related customers. In fiscal 2022 and 2021, U.S. government and U.S. defense-related customers accounted for 99% of revenue. During fiscal 2022, one prime contractor accounted for 77% of the Company’s consolidated revenues and was included in the Microsource segment. A second prime contractor accounted for 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenues during fiscal 2022 and was also included in the Microsource segment.
During fiscal 2021, two prime contractors accounted for 66% of the Company’s consolidated revenues and were included in the Microsource segment. A third customer accounted for 14% of the Company’s consolidated revenues during fiscal 2021 and was included in the Giga-tronics Division.
Export revenue accounted for less than 1% of the Company’s revenue for fiscal 2022 and 2021.
Note 13. Loss per Common Share
The number of stock options, restricted stock, convertible preferred stock and warrants set forth below are not included in the computation of diluted EPS as a result of the Company’s net loss and, therefore, the effect of these instruments would be anti-dilutive.
(Shares in thousands)
Fiscal Years ended
Category
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Stock options
353 375
Restricted stock awards
20 -
Convertible preferred stock
157 180
Warrants
530 28
Total
1,060 583
Note 14. Income Taxes
Following are the components of the provision for income taxes:
(Dollars in thousands)
Fiscal Years ended
Category March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Current
Federal
$ - $ -
State
2 2
2 2
Deferred
Federal
- -
State
- -
Total
$ 2 $ 2
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
Fiscal Years ended
Category March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Net operating loss carryforward
$ 2,732 $ 2,373
Income tax credits
106 106
Inventory reserves and additional costs capitalized
907 850
Fixed asset depreciation
(27 ) (30 )
Accrued expenses
97 100
ASC 842 right of use asset
254 156
ASC 842 lease liability
(223 ) (105 )
Allowance for doubtful accounts
- 1
State tax benefit
(8 ) (8 )
Total deferred tax asset
3,838 3,443
Valuation allowance
(3,838 ) (3,443 )
$ - $ -
The following summarizes the difference between the income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rates of 21% for the years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, to income before income tax. The items comprising these differences consisted of the following for the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021:
(In thousands except percentages) Fiscal Years ended
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Category
Statutory federal income tax (benefit)
$ (564 ) 21 %
$ (85 ) 21 %
Valuation allowance
395 (15 )%
(9,530 ) 2,345 %
State income tax, net of federal benefit
(194 ) 7 %
(30 ) 7 %
Section 382-383 limitation
206 (7 )%
9,697 (2,386 )%
Non tax-deductible expenses
165 (6 )%
(25 ) 6 %
Tax credits generated
- - % (18 ) 4 %
Other
(6 ) - %
(7 ) 2 %
Effective income tax
$ 2 - %
$ 2 (1 )%
The increase in valuation allowance from March 27, 2021, to March 26, 2022 was $395,000.
As of March 26, 2022, the Company had pre-tax federal net operating loss carryforwards of $10,720,000 and state net operating loss carryforwards of $6,780,000 available to reduce future taxable income. These amounts are net of a Section 382 limitation of $38,345,000 on the federal net operating loss and $19,612,000 on the state net operating loss. The Section 382 limitation was triggered due to an ownership change in 2020 year. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire from fiscal 2022 through 2038 and from 2029 through 2040, respectively. The federal net operating loss amount of $7,435,000 from fiscal year ended 2020 through 2022 will have an indefinite life. Utilization of net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations due to certain ownership change limitations as required by Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The federal income tax credits begin to expire from 2032 through 2040 and state income tax credit carryforwards are carried forward indefinitely. The ownership change in 2020 triggered a Section 383 limitation on the federal income tax credits. The Section 383 limitation reduced the federal carryforward by $394,500 but did not reduce the state credit carryforward due to the indefinite carryforward. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets, which may not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers both positive and negative evidence and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.
As of March 26, 2022, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $52,000 related to uncertain tax positions. The unrecognized tax benefit is netted against the non-current deferred tax asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company has not recorded a liability for any penalties or interest related to the unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company files U.S Federal, California and New Hampshire state tax returns. The Company is generally no longer subject to tax examinations for years prior to the fiscal year 2017 for federal purposes and fiscal year 2016 for California purposes, except in certain limited circumstances.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the liability for uncertain tax positions, excluding potential interest and penalties, is as follows:
Fiscal Years ended
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Balance as of beginning of year
$ 52,000 $ 132,000
Change based on current year tax positions
- (80,000 )
Balance as of end of year
$ 52,000 $ 52,000
The total amount of interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of March 26, 2022, is not material. The amount of tax benefits that would impact the effective rate, if recognized, is not expected to be material. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes with respect to unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve (12) months.
Note 15. Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans
The Company maintains a 2018 Equity Incentive Plan which provides for the issuance of up to 416,667 shares of common stock upon the exercise of options, stock awards and grants. With the adoption of the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, no further awards will be issued under the Company’s 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, though all awards under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan that are outstanding will continue to be governed by the terms, conditions and procedures set forth in the plan and any applicable award agreement.
All outstanding options generally vest over a four or five year service period. However, during the fiscal year 2021, the Company granted options to purchase 138,000 shares of common stocks which vest in full upon the first anniversary of the grant. The vested portion of all option grants may be exercised only while the grantee is employed by the Company (or while providing services under a service arrangement in the case of non-employees) or within a certain period after termination of employment or service arrangement in the case of non-employees. Options granted to employees shall not have terms in excess of 10 years from the grant date. Holders of options may be granted stock appreciation rights, which entitle them to surrender outstanding awards for a cash distribution under certain changes in ownership of the Company, as defined in the stock option plan. As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, no stock appreciation rights have been granted under any option plan. As of March 26, 2022, there were 89,875 shares of common stock available for issuance of additional awards under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. All outstanding options have a ten year life from the date of grant. The Company records compensation cost associated with stock-based compensation equivalent to the estimated fair value of the awards over the requisite service period.
Stock Options
During the fiscal year 2022, the Company granted options to purchase 42,000 shares of common stock which vest over a four-year service period. During the fiscal year 2021, the Company granted options to purchase 138,000 shares of common stock which vested in full upon the first anniversary of the grant. Additionally, 10,000 shares of common stock was granted by the Company during fiscal 2021 which vest over a four-year service period. The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021 was $2.83 and $3.48, respectively, and was calculated using the following weighted-average assumptions:
Fiscal Years ended
Category March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Dividend yield
- -
Expected volatility
105 %
106 %
Risk-free interest rate
0.90 %
0.39 %
Expected term (years)
5.50 5.50
A summary of the stock option activity for the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022, and March 27, 2021 is presented below:
Description
(Dollars in thousands except share prices)
Shares
Weighted
Average Price per
share
Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at March 28, 2020
240,758 $ 5.86 7.90 $ -
Granted
148,000 3.53 9.30 -
Forfeited / Expired
(13,950 ) 4.15 - -
Outstanding at March 27, 2021
374,808 5.00 7.90 99,310
Granted
42,000 3.61 9.28 -
Exercised
(22,200 ) 3.51 - -
Forfeited / Expired
(41,571 ) 6.51 - -
Outstanding at March 26, 2022
353,037 $ 4.75 7.26 $ -
Exercisable at March 26, 2022
287,586 $ 4.89 7.02 $ -
Expected to vest in the future
65,451 $ 4.15 8.28 $ -
As of March 26, 2022, there was $333,920 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.33 years and will be adjusted as forfeitures occur. There were 22,200 options exercised in the fiscal year 2022, and no options were exercised in fiscal year 2021. Stock based compensation cost related to stock options recognized in operating results for the fiscal year 2022, and fiscal year 2021 totaled $485,000 and $314,300, respectively.
Restricted Stock
The restricted stock awards are considered fixed awards as the number of shares and fair value at the grant date are amortized over the requisite service period and will be adjusted as forfeitures occur. As of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, there was $34,400 and $0, respectively of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards. Compensation cost recognized for restricted stock for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 totaled $94,000 and $39,700, respectively.
A summary of the changes in non-vested restricted stock awards outstanding for the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021 is presented below:
Category Shares
Weighted Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Non-vested at March 28, 2020
10,000 $ 3.97
Vested
(10,000 ) 3.97
Non-vested at March 27, 2021
- -
Granted
38,020 3.87
Vested
(18,000 ) 4.12
Non-vested at March 26, 2022
20,020 $ 3.65
Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating leases
On January 5, 2017, the Company entered into a seventy-seven month commercial building lease agreement for a 23,873 square feet facility in Dublin, California which began on April 1, 2017. The Company’s principal executive offices along with our marketing, sales, and engineering offices and manufacturing operations are located in the Dublin facility.
In December 2018, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an additional 1,200 square foot facility for certain engineering personnel located in Nashua, New Hampshire, which began on February 1, 2019, and expires on January 31, 2022. Effective March 1, 2020, we amended and replaced in its entirety the original Nashua lease agreement to increase the facility size to 2,400 square feet and extend its expiration to February 28, 2023.
Per the terms of the Company’s lease agreements, the Company does not have any residual value guarantees. In calculating the present value of the lease payments, the Company has elected to utilize its incremental borrowing rate. The Company has elected for facility operating leases to not separate each lease component from its associated non-lease components. The building lease includes variable payments (i.e., common area maintenance) which are charged and paid separately from rent based on actual costs incurred and therefore are not included in the right-of-use asset and liability but reflected in operating expense in the period incurred.
Lease costs
For the fiscal year ended:
Lease Costs
(Dollars in thousands)
Fiscal Years ended
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Operating lease costs
$ 529 $ 402
Finance lease
- -
Amortization of lease assets
- 8
Interest on lease liability
- 1
Total lease costs
$ 529 $ 411
Other information (Dollars in thousands):
For the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022
Operating leases
Operating cash used for leases
$ 600
Weighted-average remaining lease term
1.42
Weighted-average discount rate
6.5 %
Future lease payments as of March 26, 2022 were as follows:
Future Lease Payments
(Dollars in thousands)
Operating leases
Fiscal Year 2023
$ 515
Fiscal Year 2024
Total future minimum lease payments
Less: imputed interest
(33 )
Present value of lease liabilities
$ 691
Note 17. Warranty Obligations
The Company records a liability in cost of revenue for estimated warranty obligations at the date products are sold. Adjustments are made as new information becomes available. The following provides a reconciliation of changes in the Company’s warranty reserve. The Company provides no other guarantees.
Warranty Obligations
(Dollars in thousands)
Fiscal Years ended
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Balance at beginning of period
$ 51 $ 34
Provision, net
(12 ) 17
Warranty costs incurred
- -
Balance at end of period
$ 39 $ 51
Note 18. Preferred Stock and Warrants
Series E Senior Convertible Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock
Holders of Series E Shares are entitled to receive, when, and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, cumulative preferential dividends, payable semiannually in cash at a rate per annum equal to 6.0% of the initial purchase price of $25.00 per share or in-kind (at the Company’s election) through the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock, based on the 10 day volume weighted average price of the common stock. The deemed dividend is reflected on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Operations as an increase in net loss or a decrease in net income to arrive at Net income(loss) attributable to common shareholders.
During fiscal year 2019, the Company issued and sold an additional 56,200 Series E Shares for the price of $25.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $1,405,000. Net proceeds from sales of Series E Shares during the 2019 fiscal year were approximately $1.2 million after fees and expenses of approximately $212,000. Placement agent fees incurred in connection with the transaction were 5% of gross proceeds or approximately $56,875 in cash, plus warrants to purchase 5% of the number of common shares into which the Series E shares can be converted (6.67 shares) at an exercise price of $3.75 per share.
The Company completed a private exchange offer on November 7, 2019, issuing an aggregate of 896,636 shares of common stock in exchange for 88,600 shares of Series E Preferred Stock and the dividends accrued thereon. The shares of common stock to be issued in the exchange were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, though other exemptions may be available.
During the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022, the Company issued 35,000 shares of common stock in exchange for 3,500 shares of Series E Preferred Stock. As a result, 5,700 shares of Series E preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $214,000 remained outstanding as of March 26, 2022.
The table below presents information for the fiscal years ended March 26, 2022, and March 27, 2021:
Preferred Stock
Designated
Shares
Shares
Liquidation
As of March 27, 2021
Shares
Issued
Outstanding
Preference
Series B
10,000 9,245 9,245 $ 2,136
Series C
3,500 3,425 3,425 500
Series D
6,000 5,112 5,112 731
Series E
100,000 9,200 9,200 345
Total at March 27, 2021
119,500 26,982 26,982 $ 3,712
Preferred Stock
Designated
Shares
Shares
Liquidation
As of March 26, 2022
Shares
Issued
Outstanding
Preference
Series B
10,000 9,997 9,245 $ 2,136
Series C
3,500 3,425 3,425 500
Series D
6,000 5,112 5,112 731
Series E
100,000 5,700 5,700 214
Total at March 26, 2022
119,500 23,482 23,482 $ 3,581
Note 19. COVID-19 (Coronavirus)
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus and in March 2020 classified the outbreak as a pandemic. In March 2020, the President of the United States and the Governor of California declared a state of emergency, based on the rapid increase in COVID-19 cases including in California. Since March 2020, with the spread of the coronavirus, we have implemented a number of directives to ensure the safety of our personnel and the continuity of our operations.
COVID-19 has caused significant disruptions to the global, national and local economies While the disruptions are currently expected to be temporary, and infection rates are decreasing nationally with the vaccine roll-out, there is continued uncertainty around the duration and the total economic impact of the pandemic, which cannot be predicted at this time. If this situation is prolonged, it could cause additional delays in our business and could have a short- or long-term adverse impact, possibly material, on the Company’s future financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
Note 20. Share Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham
On December 27, 2021, Giga-tronics entered into an Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BitNile.
The Exchange Agreement provides that the Company will acquire all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Gresham in exchange for issuing to BitNile 2,920,085 shares of the Company’s common stock and 514.8 shares of a new series of preferred stock that are convertible into an aggregate of 3,960,043 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to potential adjustments, and the assumption of Gresham’s outstanding equity awards representing, on an as-assumed basis, 249,875 shares of the Company’s common stock (“Exchange Transaction”). Completion of the Exchange Transaction is subject to the approval of the Company’s shareholders and other customary closing conditions.
Immediately following the completion of the Exchange Transaction, Gresham will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, warrants and options will remain outstanding and unaffected upon completion of the Exchange Transaction. The Company’s common stock will continue to be registered under the Exchange Act immediately following the Exchange Transaction.
The Exchange Agreement further provides that BitNile will loan the Company $4.25 million upon the closing of the Exchange Transaction and the Company will use these funds, in part, to repurchase or redeem all of the currently outstanding shares of the Company's Series B, Series C, Series D and Series E preferred stock (“Outstanding Preferred”). The Exchange Agreement further provides that following the Exchange Transaction, the Company will pursue an underwritten public offering of $25 million of its common stock. BitNile has agreed to purchase up to $10 million of common stock in the offering, which amount would include the conversion of the $4.25 million to be loaned to the Company upon the closing of the Exchange Transaction.
The Company will need to seek the approval of the Company's shareholders to (1) increase the number of shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue to 100 million shares, (2) to complete a reverse split of the Company's common stock and (3) to change the Company's charter from that of a California corporation to that of a Delaware corporation.
The Exchange Agreement contains certain termination rights for each of the parties, including if (i) the Exchange Transaction is not consummated by June 30, 2022, (ii) the approval of the Company’s shareholders is not obtained, or (iii) there has been a breach by a non-terminating party that is not cured such that the applicable closing conditions are not satisfied. In addition, in certain circumstances, BitNile may terminate the Exchange Agreement prior to the Company’s shareholder approval of the Exchange Transaction in the event that (A) the Company materially breaches its non-solicitation obligations relating to alternative business combination transactions, (B) the Company’s Board of Directors withdraws or adversely modifies its recommendation to shareholders with respect to the Exchange Transaction or fails to affirm its recommendation within the required time period after an alternate acquisition proposal is made, (C) the Company’s Board of Directors recommends a tender offer or exchange offer or fails to recommend against such a tender offer or exchange offer within ten business days after commencement. In addition, the Company may terminate the Exchange Agreement to pursue an alternative acquisition transaction. The Exchange Agreement also provides that the Company will be obligated to pay a termination fee of $1.0 million to Gresham if the Exchange Agreement (i) is terminated by BitNile in the circumstances described in the preceding sentence (ii) (A) if an acquisition proposal is made to the Company or to its shareholders publicly, (B) the Exchange Agreement is terminated for failure to consummate the Exchange Transaction by the End Date for failure to obtain the approval of the Company’s shareholders and (C) the Company enters into a definitive agreement with respect to or consummates certain acquisition proposals within 12 months of termination of the Exchange Agreement or (iii) the Company terminates the Exchange Agreement in order to enter into a definitive agreement with respect to an alternate acquisition proposal. In addition, the Company would be required to immediately repay a loan made by an affiliate of BitNile in the aggregate principal amount of $1,300,000, including $500,000 borrowed on April 5, 2022 (See Note 21 - Subsequent Events), under the loan agreement that otherwise matures in November 2022 (See Note 7 - Term Loans).
Note 21. Subsequent Events
On April 5, 2022, the Company (1) amended its Exchange Agreement with BitNile and Gresham, (2) borrowed an additional $500,000 from an affiliate of BitNile, and (3) issued a warrant to Gresham, all as described in more detail below.
The Amendment to the Share Exchange Agreement
On April 5, 2022, the Company, BitNile and Gresham, which is a subsidiary of BitNile, amended the Exchange Agreement among the parties dated December 27, 2022 by entering into Amendment No. 1 to the Share Exchange Agreement (“Amendment”). The Amendment (1) extends from June 30, 2022 to August 31, 2022 the earliest date on which either the Company or BitNile may terminate the Exchange Agreement for any reason if the share exchange contemplated by the Exchange Agreement is not completed (assuming the terminating party’s breach of the Exchange Agreement is not the principal cause of the failure to complete the share exchange) (“End Date Termination”), (2) restates an existing provision of the Exchange Agreement, which provides that if the Company terminates the Exchange Agreement, it must repay the loan from an affiliate of BitNile the following business day, to reflect the full principal amount of such loan, which is $1,300,000 after giving effect to the additional funding described below, and (3) provides for the Company’s issuance of a warrant to Gresham, which is described in more detail below.
The Amended Loan Documents
On April 5, 2022, the Company borrowed an additional $500,000 from DPL and the Company and DPL entered into an Amended and Restated Secured Promissory Note and an amendment to the Security and Pledge Agreement originally dated as of November 12, 2021 to reflect that the Company has borrowed an aggregate of $1,300,000 from DPL (“Loan”). The Company intends to use the additional Loan proceeds for general corporate purposes.
The material terms of the Loan remain unchanged. The principal amount of the Loan bears interest at the rate of 10.0% per annum. Unless prepaid by the Company, all principal and accrued interest under the Loan is payable on November 12, 2022 or, if earlier, upon the Company’s completion of an underwritten public offering or the Company’s termination of the Exchange Agreement. The Company’s obligations under the Loan are secured by a pledge of all of the Company’s assets. The Loan and DPL’s security interest are subordinate to the Company’s existing bank lending arrangement.
This description is qualified by the Amended and Restated Secured Promissory Note, the Security and Pledge Agreement with DPL and the amendment thereto, copies of which are filed as exhibits to this report and incorporated by reference herein.
The Warrant
On April 5, 2022, as contemplated by the Amendment, the Company issued to Gresham a warrant representing the right to purchase 433,333 shares of its common stock (“Warrant Shares”) at the initial exercise price of $3.00 per share. The Warrant will become exercisable if the closing of the share exchange transaction contemplated by the Exchange Agreement does not occur, unless the failure to close results (1) solely from BitNile’s or Gresham’s breach of the Exchange Agreement or (2) BitNile’s election to terminate the Exchange Agreement pursuant to the End Date Termination provision (“Trigger Date”). The Warrant may be exercised in whole or part for a period of three years following the Trigger Date or, if earlier, until December 31, 2025. A Warrant holder may not exercise the Warrant with respect to any Warrant Shares that would cause such holder to beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, though a holder may elect to increase this limit to 9.9% of the Company’s common stock on at least 61 days written notice. The Warrant may be exercised for cash or, if there is no effective registration statement covering the resale of the Warrant Shares, the Warrant may be exercised on a cashless basis beginning six months after the Trigger Date. The number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant is subject to adjustment for splits, subdivisions or consolidations of shares and other standard dilutive events, or in the event the Company effects a reorganization, reclassification, merger, consolidation, disposition of assets, or other fundamental transaction. In addition, subject to certain exempt issuances, if at any time while the Warrant is outstanding, the Company sells, issues or grants any shares of Company common stock or other securities entitling the holder to acquire shares of Company common stock at a price per share less than the then exercise price, the exercise price shall be reduced to equal the lesser of either such lesser price or the volume-weighted average price on the next trading date following the first public disclosure of the issuance. The Warrant includes a most favored nation clause providing that if the Company issues or sells any shares of common stock or any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder of such securities to acquire common stock on terms the holder reasonably believes are more favorable than those in the Warrant, at the request of the holder, the Company shall amend the Warrant to include such terms.
After the Company is eligible to register securities with the SEC using a Form S-3 registration statement, the Warrant requires the Company to, subject to certain exceptions, include the Warrant Shares in any registration statement and to include the Warrant Shares alongside any underwritten offering of securities that the Company may undertake, at the holder’s request.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Shareholders of Giga-tronics Incorporated
Dublin, California
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Giga-tronics Incorporated and subsidiary (collectively the "Company") as of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 26, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2021, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the two-year period ended March 26, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company's significant recurring losses and accumulated deficit raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Revenue Recognition - Refer to Note 2 to the Financial Statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company's contract may contain one or more performance obligations, including design and manufacturing services, product supply and engineering services.
Significant judgment is exercised by the Company in determining revenue recognition for these customer agreements, and includes the following:
●
Determination of whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together.
●
Determination of stand-alone selling prices for each distinct performance obligation and for products and services that are not sold separately.
●
The pattern of delivery (i.e., timing of when revenue is recognized) for each distinct performance obligation.
●
Estimation of variable consideration when determining the amount of revenue to recognize (e.g. customer credits, award fees and incentives)
Given these factors, the related audit effort in evaluating management's judgments in determining revenue recognition for these customer agreements was extensive and required a high degree of auditor judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our principal audit procedures related to the Company's revenue recognition for these customer agreements included the following:
●
We selected a sample of customer agreements and performed the following procedures:
●
Obtained and read contract source documents for each selection, including master agreements, and other documents that were part of the agreement to identify significant terms.
●
Tested management's identification of significant terms for completeness, including the identification of distinct performance obligations and variable consideration.
●
Assessed the terms in the customer agreement and evaluated the appropriateness of management's application of their accounting policies, along with their use of estimates, in the determination of revenue recognition conclusions.
●
Inquired with management and evaluated their methodology to estimate stand-alone selling prices for products and services that are not sold separately.
●
We tested the mathematical accuracy of management's calculations of revenue and the associated timing of recognizing the related revenue subject to any constraints.
Inventory Valuation- Refer to Note 2 to the Financial Statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company computes inventory cost on a first-in, first out basis and applies judgment in determining the forecast for products and the valuation of inventories. The Company assesses inventory at each reporting date in order to assert that it is recorded at net realizable value, giving consideration to, among other factors: whether the product is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value; and the estimation of excess and obsolete inventory or that which is not of saleable quality. Most of the Company's inventory provisions are based on the Company's inventory levels and future product purchase commitments compared to assumptions about future demand and market conditions.
Significant judgment is exercised by the Company to determine inventory carrying value adjustments, specifically the provisions for excess or obsolete inventories, and includes the following:
●
Developing assumptions such as forecasts of future sales quantities and the selling prices, which are sensitive to the competitiveness of product offerings, customer requirements, and product life cycles.
Given these factors and that the assumptions are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions, the related audit effort to evaluate management's inventory valuation adjustments was extensive and required a high degree of auditor judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our principal audit procedures related to the Company's inventory valuation methodology included the following:
●
We selected a sample of inventory items and performed the following procedures
●
Tested the mathematical accuracy of the schedule by comparing the quantities and carrying value of on-hand inventories to related unit sales, both historical and forecasted.
●
Assessed and tested the reasonableness of the significant assumptions (e.g. sales and marketing forecast, build plans, usage and open sales-orders).
●
Inquired with the Operations team and evaluated the adequacy of management's adjustments to sales forecasts by analyzing potential technological changes in line with product life cycles and/or identified alternative customer uses.
●
Assessed whether there were any potential sources of contrary information, including historical forecast accuracy and performed sensitivity analyses over significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in inventory valuation that would result from changes in the assumptions.
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.
/s/ Armanino LLP
San Ramon, California
June 24, 2022

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15€ and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company periodically reviews the design and effectiveness of its disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting. The Company makes modifications to improve the design and effectiveness of its disclosure controls and internal control structure, and may take other corrective action, if its reviews identify a need for such modifications or actions. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives.
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was completed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, regarding the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 26, 2022.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of Giga-tronics is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, the projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 26, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2017). Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles and that:
•
pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
•
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
•
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Based on the above described procedures and actions taken, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of March 26, 2022, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on the criteria described in the 2017 “COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework.”
Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 26, 2022, has not been audited by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. Management’s report is not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.
Changes in Internal Control
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Our Executive Officers
Executive officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors (“Board”) of Giga-tronics. The names of our executive officers, their positions with the Company and their ages are set forth in the table below, followed by certain other information about them:
Name
Age
Position
John R. Regazzi
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Lutz Henckels
Chief Financial Officer and Director, Chief Operating Officer, Executive Vice President
Armand Pantalone
Chief Technology Officer
Dan Kirby
Chief Customer Officer, Vice President of Business Development
John R. Regazzi has served as a member of our Board since 2006. He has been our Chief Executive Officer since February 2018. Previously he was appointed Co-Chief Executive Officer in June 2017 and Chief Technology Officer in August 2016. From 2006 to August 2016, he was the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Prior to that, Mr. Regazzi held the following positions within the Giga-tronics Instrument Division: President and General Manager, Vice President of Operations, and Vice President of Engineering. Prior to Giga-tronics, Mr. Regazzi was with Hewlett Packard for 22 years in various design and management positions associated with their microwave sweeper and synthesizer product lines. Mr. Regazzi holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Rutgers University and a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Lehigh University.
Lutz P. Henckels has served as a member of our Board since 2011. He was appointed as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in March 2019, having served as our Interim Chief Financial Officer since February 2018. He was appointed to the additional position of Chief Operating Officer in July 2020. Dr. Henckels has more than 40 years’ experience in corporate leadership roles, and previously served as Chief Executive Officer of public and private technology companies, including HiQ Solar, SyntheSys Research (acquired by Tektronix/Danaher), LeCroy Corporation and HHB Systems. He was the founder of HBB Systems, an electronic design automation company, and took that company public with its listing on Nasdaq. As Chief Executive Officer of LeCroy, he focused the company on its oscilloscope business, drove a successful turnaround and guided that company though its public listing on Nasdaq. Dr. Henckels holds a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and PhD in Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and he is also a graduate of the OMP program of Harvard Business School. During his career he has served as a director for several publicly traded companies, including Ikos, Inframetrics and LeCroy.
Armand Pantalone was promoted to the position of Chief Technology Officer on June 11, 2018. Mr. Pantalone joined Giga-tronics in July 2016 as the Director of RADAR & EW Test Solutions. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Pantalone worked at Raytheon’s Integrated Defense Systems Division from July 1996 to June 2016. In his 20 years at Raytheon, Mr. Pantalone held a variety of technical and leadership positions associated with RADAR and missile defense programs. Mr. Pantalone’s previous experience includes 10 years at Northrop Grumman/Norden Systems as an RF & Microwave engineer specializing in the design of RADAR systems including system integration and flight testing. Mr. Pantalone graduated from Clarkson University in Potsdam, NY with a dual degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering.
Daniel Kirby was promoted to the position of Chief Customer Officer in April 2021. Previously, Mr. Kirby was the Company’s Vice President of Business Development since November of 2019 and Director of Business Development since May 2018 and from 2013 to 2017. From 2017 until rejoining the Company in 2018, Mr. Kirby owned and operated a consulting firm, which provided technical account management services to the Company. Mr. Kirby served in the U.S. Air Force for 21 years, retiring in 2002 as the Chief of Advance Systems - Integration and Test for the Big Safari Program Office, Det 4. After retiring from the Air Force, Mr. Kirby was a Staff Consultant at SAIC providing technical and programmatic support for the Big Safari Program Office until joining Aeroflex as the Western Regional Manager from 2003 to 2011 and later joined Tektronix as a Mil/Gov Strategic Account Manager from 2011 to 2013.
Our Directors
The Board consists of four directors. The names of our directors, their positions with the Company and their ages are set forth in the table below, followed by certain other information about them:
Director
Name
Age
Positions and Offices Held with Company
Since
William J. Thompson
Director, Chairman of the Board
John R. Regazzi
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thomas E. Vickers
Director
Lutz P. Henckels
Chief Financial Officer and Director, Chief Operating Officer, Executive Vice President
Set forth below is a brief biographical description of each of our directors who are not previously described above, including their business experience, director positions held currently or at any time during the last five years.
William J. Thompson has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors since August 2016 and has been a member of our Board since 2011. Dr. Thompson served as our Acting Chief Executive Officer from August 2016 until June 2017. Dr. Thompson serves as Chief Technology Officer of Safetonet Limited, a privately held cyber-safety business focused on protecting children from online harms that makes Net Nanny™ parental control software, and he is a partner at QFT Analytics, a private company that offers financial modeling and back office solutions for small companies. Dr. Thompson was a Managing Member of Alara Capital AVI II and was Director of Research for Jacobi Capital Management. Dr. Thompson cofounded Circadiant Systems (acquired by JDS Uniphase Corporation), a venture capital backed test and measurement company that designed and manufactured instrumentation for optical communication. Dr. Thompson also served as a Member of Technical Staff at Lucent Technologies where he designed analog RF optoelectronic components for high speed optical communication, and as a researcher with the University of Maryland. Dr. Thompson graduated summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Physics from University of North Carolina at Charlotte and holds a Ph.D. in Physics from Stony Brook University. He graduated as a Palmer Scholar with an MBA in Finance from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Thomas E Vickers has served as a member of our Board since September 2020. Mr. Vickers has more than 35 years of experience in corporate finance and operations management. Presently, he is the President of Stack Financial Inc., a finance and accounting advisory firm that provides family office, Chief Financial Officer on demand, finance and accounting services to various clients. He has been a director of Veritas Farms, Inc., an Exchange Act registrant, since 2020. Previously, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Human Resources for OmniComm Systems Inc., a healthcare technology company, where he was a key member of the executive team that successfully completed that company’s acquisition by Anju Software. At OmniComm he had primary responsibility for planning, implementing, managing and controlling all financial activities and worked directly with the Chief Executive Officer to determine budget, disbursements and expenditures of money and capital assets. Prior to that, Mr. Vickers spent six years at Ocwen Financial Corporation, a financial services company providing mortgage servicing solutions, where he first served as Director and Controller and later as Director, Servicing Operations. Earlier in his career, Mr. Vickers was Vice President of Operations for S & J, and before that he worked at Precision Response Corporation where he served in financial and operational roles of increasing responsibility, culminating as Vice President, Financial Operations. He holds a BBA in Finance, a BBA in Accounting and an MTX in Taxation from Florida Atlantic University, as well as an MBA in Finance from the University of Miami. He is also Chartered Financial Analyst® charter holder.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE BOARD
AND COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD
Meetings
There were 30 meetings of the Board during the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022. During the fiscal year ended March 26 2022, each director attended at least 75% of all meetings of the Board and the committees on which he served. The Company did not have an annual meeting of shareholders during the most recently completed fiscal year. Directors are expected to attend the annual shareholder meetings except for good cause.
Committees
The Board has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Each of the committees has a charter that is available on the investor relations section of the Company’s website at https://investor.gigatronics.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee consists of directors Thomas E. Vickers (Chairman) and William J. Thompson. Each member is considered to be independent under the director independence standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market applicable to audit committee members. The Audit Committee serves to monitor the effectiveness of the independent audit, as well as the Company’s accounting, financial controls and financial reports. The Audit Committee must pre-approve all non-audit services provided by the independent public accounting firm. The Audit Committee held five meetings during the past fiscal year.
The Board has determined that Mr. Vickers has:
(i) an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements.
(ii) the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves;
(iii) experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the registrant’s financial statements, or experience actively supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities;
(iv) an understanding of internal control over financial reporting; and
(v) an understanding of audit committee functions.
Therefore, the Board determined that Mr. Vickers qualifies as the Audit Committee’s financial expert for purposes of the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee consists of directors Thomas E. Vickers (Chairman) and William J. Thompson. Each member of the committee is independent under the independence standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The Compensation Committee formulates recommendations to the Board regarding levels of compensation for management. In addition, in order to recognize the expected future contributions of key employees and provide an additional incentive for them to remain with the Company over the long-term, the Compensation Committee awards options to purchase shares of our common stock and other forms of equity awards. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves all stock options, other equity awards and executive compensation.
During the 2022 fiscal year, the Compensation Committee did not conduct any formal meetings, however, the Compensation Committee members met and conferred outside formal meetings throughout the year, reporting their conclusions and recommendations to the full Board for action, as described above.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
No current or former executive officer or other employee of Giga-tronics serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of the Giga-tronics Board or Compensation Committee.
The Compensation Committee consists of directors Thomas E. Vickers (Chairman) and William J. Thompson. As described above, Dr. Thompson was employed as the Company’s Acting (interim) Chief Executive Officer during 2016 and 2017.
Nominating and Governance Committee
The Nominating and Governance Committee (“Nominating Committee”) consists of directors William J. Thompson (Chairman) and Thomas E. Vickers. Each member of the committee is independent under the independence standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The purpose of the Nominating Committee is to recommend persons for membership on the Board, to establish criteria and procedures for the selection of new directors, and to evaluate and recommend to our Board any revisions to our corporate governance guidelines. The Nominating Committee did not meet during the last fiscal year and made no recommendations with respect to nominees for the 2021 Annual Meeting and instead, the nominees, each of whom is currently a director, were selected by our full Board.
The Nominating Committee has no formal process for identifying and evaluating candidates. Existing directors identify suitable candidates as the need arises. The Board’s policy is to consider any director candidate nominated or recommended by a shareholder in the same manner that it would consider a candidate nominated by the Board or Nominating Committee. In the past year, the Company did not receive any recommendations for director candidates from any shareholders. Shareholder recommendations should be submitted in writing to the Company by mail at its main office at least 120 days in advance of the anniversary date of the mailing of notice of the previous year’s annual meeting and should include sufficient biographical information (including all information that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement for a shareholder meeting at which directors are to be elected) for the committee to make an initial evaluation of the candidate’s qualifications. The Company has never engaged or paid a fee to a third-party search firm in connection with the nomination of a candidate for director.
The Nominating Committee considers the following criteria in proposing nominations for director to the full Board: independence; high personal and professional ethics and integrity; ability to devote sufficient time to fulfilling duties as a director; impact on diversity of the Board, including skills and other factors relevant to the Company’s business; overall experience in business, education, and other factors relevant to the Company’s business. At a minimum, the Nominating Committee must be satisfied that each nominee, both those recommended by the Nominating Committee and any recommended by shareholders, meets the following minimum qualifications:
●
The nominee should have a reputation for integrity and honesty.
●
The nominee should have demonstrated business experience and the ability to exercise sound judgment.
●
The nominee should have an understanding of the Company and its industry.
●
The nominee should have the ability and willingness to act in the interests of the Company and its shareholders.
●
The nominee should not have a conflict of interest that would impair the nominee’s ability to fulfill the responsibilities of a director.
The Nominating Committee has no formal policy on the consideration to be given to diversity in the nomination process, other than to seek candidates who have skills and experience that are appropriate to the position and complementary to those of the other board members or candidates.
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to all directors, officers and employees. The Company will provide to any person, without charge, a copy of the Code of Ethics upon written request mailed to the Company at its main office, to the attention of the Corporate Secretary.
Board Leadership Structure
The positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are currently held by different persons. The Board believes that having a separate Chairman helps enable the Board to maintain an independent perspective on the activities of the Company and executive management. Periodically, the Board assesses the roles and the Board leadership structure to ensure the interests of the Company and the shareholders are best served.
Board Risk Oversight
The Company’s senior management manages the risks facing the Company under the oversight and supervision of the Board. While the full Board is ultimately responsible for risk oversight at the Company, the Audit Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to risk in the areas of financial reporting and internal controls. Other general business risks such as economic and regulatory risks are monitored by the full Board.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation of Officers
The following table provides information concerning compensation paid or accrued by the Company, to or on behalf of Giga-tronics’ chief executive officer and the two other most highly compensated executive officers during the last fiscal year ended March 26, 2022:
Summary Compensation Table
All Other
Name and Principal Position Fiscal Year
Salary ($)
Bonus ($)
Option Awards ($) (1)
Compensation ($) (2)
Total ($)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(f)
(i)
(j)
John R. Regazzi
$ 260,000
$ -
$
$
$ 260,677
Chief Executive Officer
$ 259,923
$ -
$ 44,292
$
$ 304,815
Lutz P. Henckels
$ 280,000
$ -
$
$ -
$ 280,037
Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer & Executive Vice President
$ 279,769
$ 25,000
$ 60,901
$ -
$ 365,670
Armand Pantalone
$ 275,000
$ 2,328
$ 36,500
$
$ 314,228
Chief Technical Officer
$ 275,000
$ 44,769
$ 27,682
$ -
$ 347,451
The value for Stock Option Awards in the table above represents grant date fair value of Stock Option Awards for fiscal year 2022 and 2021. For Option Awards, the dollar amount for each individual varies depending on the number of options granted, the fair value of such options, and the vesting terms of such options. See Note 1 of the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 26, 2022 for information on the assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair value of Option Awards and the expense recognized under ASC 718. All options were granted under the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan
Includes contributions made by Giga-tronics to its 401(k) Plan which match in part the pre-tax elective deferral contributions included under Salary made to the 401(k) plan by the executive officers.
Stock Options
The following table sets forth information about stock options held by the named executive officers outstanding at the end of fiscal year 2022. All option exercise prices were based on market price on the date of grant.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
Shares subject to
Shares subject to
Option
Option
Name
Unexercised Options
Unexercised Options
Exercise Price
Expiration Date
(#) Exercisable
(#) Unexercisable
($)
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(e)
(f)
John R. Regazzi
-
$ -
12/25/2031
7,200
-
$ 3.51
12/29/2030
9,728
3,613
$ 4.95
4/14/2029
10,840
2,501
$ 4.05
12/18/2028
6,532
$ 4.95
3/30/2028
6,665
-
$ 4.95
12/15/2021
6,665
-
$ 4.95
8/22/2022
6,665
-
$ 4.95
3/13/2023
Lutz P. Henckels
-
$ -
12/25/2031
13,000
-
$ 3.51
12/29/2030
9,728
3,613
$ 4.95
4/14/2029
10,840
2,501
$ 4.05
12/18/2028
26,127
$ 4.95
3/30/2028
-
$ 37.05
7/1/2024
Armand Pantalone
-
10,000
$ -
12/25/2031
5,600
-
$ 3.51
12/29/2030
5,508
2,504
$ 5.25
5/23/2029
3,110
$ 4.05
6/11/2028
3,248
$ 4.95
3/30/2028
1,335
-
$ 12.45
1/18/2027
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND CHANGE-IN-CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS
Change-In-Control Arrangements
All outstanding equity awards may accelerate and become exercisable for fully vested shares of common stock upon a change in control of the Company to the extent the awards are not assumed or replaced by comparable awards of the capital stock of the successor or acquiring entity. In addition, the Board, either in advance of or at the effective time of a change of control, may provide for the acceleration of an employee’s outstanding equity awards in the event that his or her employment of should subsequently terminate following the change of control.
In order to reinforce and encourage the continued attention and dedication of certain key members of management, we have entered into severance agreements with certain executive officers including Mr. Regazzi, Dr. Henckels, Mr. Pantalone, and Mr. Kirby.
Under Mr. Regazzi’s and Mr. Henckels’ agreements, each would receive such salary and other benefits described above for 15 months and acceleration of all unvested equity awards if he is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason, as defined in his agreement, within 12 months following a change of control. Each would receive 12 months of salary and payment of COBRA premiums following an involuntary termination if made prior to 12 months following a change in control.
Under their respective agreements, Mr. Pantalone and Mr. Kirby would be entitled to six months of base salary if either of them resigns for good reason, as defined in his agreement, in connection with a change of control or is terminated without cause, whether or not in connection with a change in control.
In connection with the Company’s entry into the Exchange Agreement, each of the executive officers agreed to waive his right to receive severance benefits under his existing severance agreement as a result of a change in his title or responsibilities or reporting structure. In exchange for the waivers, on December 24, 2021, the Company agreed to grant each of Mr. Regazzi and Mr. Henckels 10 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock and each of Mr. Pantalone and Mr. Kirby 10,000 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock, all of which will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date.
In addition, the Company adopted a Management Change in Control Cash Incentive Opportunity pursuant to which each of the foregoing executives would be entitled to receive an incentive/retention bonus equal to $100,000 or more if the fair market value of the Company’s common stock upon the completion of a change in control transaction (such as the Exchange Transaction) is $4.00 or greater (as may be adjusted for any reverse stock split).
Transactions with Related Parties
Any transaction or arrangement involving an amount exceeding $120,000 and in which a director, executive officer or immediate family member of either has or will have a direct or indirect material financial interest must be approved by a majority of the disinterested members of the Board. During the most recent fiscal year, there were no such arrangements, other than compensation arrangements as described herein.
Compensation of Directors
The following table sets forth information about the compensation paid to the Company’s non-employee directors in fiscal year 2022. Information regarding the compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, both of whom are directors but received no additional compensation for such service, is described in “Executive Compensation” above.
Director Compensation
Name
Fees earned
or paid in cash ($) (1)
Stock awards ($) (2)
Option
awards ($) (3)
Change in pension value
and non-qualified deferred compensation earnings ($)
All other
compensation ($)
Total ($)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Gordon L. Almquist (4)
$ 44,000
$ 20,575
$ 6,553
$ -
$ -
$ 71,128
William J. Thompson
$ -
$ 20,575
$ 6,553
$ -
$ -
$ 27,128
Thomas E. Vickers
$ 27,500
$ 32,920
$ 13,105
$ -
$ -
$ 73,525
Mr. Almquist, as Chairman of the Audit Committee, received annual cash compensation of $44,000 for fiscal year 2022.
Mr. Vickers, as a member of the Audit Committee, received cash compensation of $27,500 for fiscal year 2022.
2.
5,000 shares of RSA were granted to Mr. Almquist at $4.12 per share for fiscal 2021 on April 16, 2021.
5,000 shares of RSA were granted to Mr. Thompson at $4.12 per share for fiscal 2021 on April 16, 2021.
8,000 shares of RSA were granted to Mr. Vickers at $4.12 per share for fiscal 2021 on April 16, 2021.
5,000 shares of RSA were granted to Mr. Almquist at $4.12 per share for fiscal 2021 on April 16, 2021.
3. 2,000 shares of stock options were granted to Mr. Almquist at $3.28 per share for fiscal 2022 on April 16, 2021.
2,000 shares of stock options were granted to Mr. Thompson at $3.28 per share for fiscal 2022 on April 16, 2021.
4,000 shares of stock options were granted to Mr. Vickers at $3.28 per share for fiscal 2022 on April 16, 2021.
Gordon L. Almquist resigned as of April 4, 2022.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
The following table includes information as of March 31, 2022, concerning the beneficial ownership of Giga-tronics’ common stock for: each person known by Giga-tronics to own beneficially more than 5% of Giga-tronics’ outstanding common stock and common stock equivalents; each director and nominee; each executive officer named in the Summary Compensation Table above; and all directors and executive officers of Giga-tronics as a group:
Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
Name of Beneficial Owner and Position(s) with the Company
Amount and
Nature of
Beneficial
Ownership
See Notes
Below
Percentage of Total
Outstanding
Common Stock
Lutz P. Henckels, EVP, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Director
109,385
3.95 %
John R. Regazzi, Chief Executive Officer and Director
104,478
3.78 %
William J. Thompson, Director, Chairman of the Board
38,864
1.40 %
Thomas E. Vickers, Director
39,785
1.44 %
Armand Pantalone, Chief Technology Officer
38,541
1.39 %
Daniel Kirby, Vice President Business Development
54,442
1.97 %
All executive officers and directors as a group
385,495
13.93 %
(6 persons, including those above)
Cornelis F. Wit Revocable Living Trust
373,456
13.50 %
2101 West Commercial Blvd, Suite 3500
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
Laurence W. Lytton
274,951
9.94 %
467 Central Park West
New York, NY 10025
AWM Investment Company, Inc.
237,383
8.58 %
c/o Special Situations Funds
527 Madison Avenue, Suite 2600
New York, NY 10022
As of March 26, 2022 Balance
2,767,230
Includes 61,727 shares of common stock issuable under options exercisable within 60 days of May 15, 2022, 4,650 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 697.4 shares of Series B preferred stock, 1,573 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 236.0 shares of Series C preferred stock, and 2,353 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 353.0 shares of Series D preferred stock.
Includes 54,731 shares of common stock issuable under options exercisable within 60 days of May 15, 2022.
Includes 17,690 shares of common stock issuable under options exercisable within 60 days of May 15, 2022.
Includes 12,000 shares of common stock issuable under options exercisable within 60 days of May 15, 2022, 2,114 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 317.1 shares of Series B preferred stock, 787 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 118.05 shares of Series C preferred stock, and 1,174 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 176.1 shares of Series D preferred stock.
Includes 19,342 shares of common stock issuable under options exercisable within 60 days of May 15, 2022.
Includes 23,342 shares of common stock issuable under options exercisable within 60 days of May 15, 2022.
Information is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by Cornelis Wit on February 16, 2022. On August 27, 2020, the Reporting Person acquired 56,227 shares of Common Stock, 8,231 shares of Series B Preferred Stock of the Issuer, 3,071 shares of Series C Preferred Stock of the Issuer and 4,583 shares of Series D Preferred Stock of the Issuer. Each share of the Series B, C and D Preferred Stock provides the Reporting Person voting rights at any meeting of the stockholders of the Issuer and such shares of Series B, C and D Preferred Stock will vote together with the common stockholders of the Issuer in the amount of 6.6666 votes per Series B, C and D Preferred Stock equaling an aggregate of 105,899 votes.
Information is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by Laurence W. Lytton on February 15, 2022.
Information is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by AWM Investment Company, Inc. (“AWM”) on February 11, 2022 reporting that AWM Investment Company, is the investment adviser to Special Situations Technology Fund, L.P.(“TECH”) and Special Situations Technology Fund II, L.P. (“TECH II”),
(TECH and TECH II will hereafter be referred to as the “Funds”). As the investment adviser to the Funds, AWM holds sole voting and investment power over 36,781 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer held by TECH and 200,602 shares of Common Stock held by TECH II.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Transactions with Related Parties
Any transaction or arrangement involving an amount exceeding $120,000 and in which a director, executive officer or immediate family member of either has or will have a direct or indirect material financial interest must be approved by a majority of the disinterested members of the Board.
The Board has determined that Messrs Thompson and Vickers, members of the Board, are independent under the independence standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table presents aggregate fees billed for audit fees rendered by Armanino LLP in fiscal year 2022 and in fiscal year 2021:
Fiscal Years Ended
March 26, 2022
March 27, 2021
Audit fees (1)
$ 287,535
$ 164,809
(1)
Audit fees consist of fees for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, review of consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s quarterly reports (on Form10-Q) and services normally provided by the independent auditor in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES
(a) The following consolidated financial statements of Giga-tronics Incorporated and the related report of independent registered public accounting firm are included in Item 8 of this report.
(b) The following documents are filed as a part of this report or are incorporated by reference to previous filings, if so indicated:
2.1
Share Exchange Agreement dated as of December 27, 2021 by and among Giga-tronics Incorporated, BitNile Holdings, Inc. and Gresham Worldwide, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on From 8-K filed on December 29, 2021)
2.2
Amendment No. 1 to Share Exchange Agreement by and among Giga-tronics Incorporated, BitNile Holdings, Inc. and Gresham Worldwide, Inc. dated as of April 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 11, 2022)
3.1
Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 27, 1999)
3.2
Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 13, 2019)
3.3
Certificate of Determination of Preferences of Preferred Stock Series A of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 27, 1999)
3.4
Certificate of Determination of Series B Convertible Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 14, 2011)
3.5
Certificate of Determination of Series C Convertible Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2013)
3.6
Certificate of Determination of Series D Convertible Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2013)
3.7
Certificate of Determination of 6.0% Series E Senior Convertible Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2018)
3.8
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Determination of 6.0% Series E Senior Convertible Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 20, 2018)
3.9
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Determination of 6.0% Series E Senior Convertible Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2018)
3.10
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 29, 2008)
4.1
Description of Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020)
4.2
Rights Agreement between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC dated as of October 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 13, 2020)
4.3
Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to Gresham Worldwide, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 11, 2022)
10.1
Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of its directors and officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 27, 2010)
10.2u
2005 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Attachment A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A filed on July 21, 2005)
10.3u
2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Attachment A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A filed on July 30, 2018)
10.4u
Stock Option Award Agreement between the Company and Lutz Henckels dated June 6, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018)
10.5u
Form of Option Agreement for Directors under 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2019)
10.6u
Form of Option Agreement for Certain Grants to Executive Officers under 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2019)
10.7u
Form of Option Agreement under 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2019)
10.8u
Form of Option Agreement for Certain Grants to Executive Officers under 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (one year vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2020)
10.9u
Form of Option Agreement under 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (one year vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2020)
10.10
Form of Underwriter’s Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on October 29, 2019)
10.11
Form of Amended and Restated Prefunded Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated as of July 29, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on August 10, 2021)
10.12u
Severance Agreement between the Company and John Regazzi dated June 23, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2020)
10.13u
Severance Agreement between the Company and Lutz Henckels dated June 23, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2020)
10.14u
Severance Agreement between the Company and Daniel Kirby dated November 26, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended March 28, 2020)
10.15u
Severance Agreement between the Company and Armand Pantalone dated March 21, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 26, 2019)
10.16
Lease Agreement between the Company and SF II Creekside LLC dated January 5, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018)
10.17
Registration Rights Agreement by and among the Company and Certain Investors dated as of April 29, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2021)
10.18
Securities Purchase Agreement by and among the Company and Certain Investors dated as of April 29, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2021)
10.19
Amended and Restated Business Financing Agreement between the Company, Microsource, Inc. and Western Alliance Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2019)
10.20
Secured Promissory Note dated November 12, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2021)
10.21
Security and Pledge Agreement dated November 12, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2021)
10.22
Amended and Restated Secured Promissory Note dated as of April 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 11, 2022)
10.23
Amendment to Security and Pledge Agreement dated as of April 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 11, 2022)
10.24u
Wavier letter agreement concerning Severance Agreement between Giga-tronics and John Regazzi dated as of December 26, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2021)
10.25u
Wavier letter agreement concerning Severance Agreement between Giga-tronics and Lutz P. Henckels dated as of December 22, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2021)
10.26u
Wavier letter agreement concerning Severance Agreement between Giga-tronics and Armand Pantalone dated as of December 21, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2021)
10.27u
Wavier letter agreement concerning Severance Agreement between Giga-tronics and Daniel Kirby dated as of December 19, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2021)
10.28u
Management Change in Control Cash Incentive Opportunity (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2021)
21*
Significant Subsidiaries
23*
Consent of Armanino LLP
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1**
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
u Indicates management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith