EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1371489
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1371489_10-K_2022_0001558370-22-003397.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
As used herein, unless the context otherwise requires, ISG, the registrant, is referred to in this Form 10-K annual report (“Form 10-K”) as the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our.”
Our Company
ISG (Information Services Group) (Nasdaq: III) is a leading global technology research and advisory firm. A trusted business partner to more than 800 clients, including more than 75 of the top 100 enterprises in our markets, ISG is committed to helping corporations, public sector organizations, and service and technology providers achieve operational excellence and faster growth. The firm specializes in digital transformation services, including automation, cloud and data analytics; sourcing advisory; managed governance and risk services; network carrier services; technology strategy and operations design; change management; market intelligence and technology research and analysis. Based in Stamford, Conn., ISG employs more than 1,300 digital-ready professionals operating in more than 20 countries-a global team known for its innovative thinking, market influence, deep industry and technology expertise, and world-class research and analytical capabilities based on the industry’s most comprehensive marketplace data. For more information, visit www.isg-one.com.
Our Company was founded in 2006 with the strategic vision to become a high growth, leading provider of information based advisory services. We continue to believe that our vision will be realized through the acquisition, integration, and successful operation of market leading brands within the data, analytics and advisory industry.
Our private and public sector clients continue to face significant technological, business and economic challenges that will continue to fuel demand for the professional services we provide. We are focused on providing unique solutions that solve for key client problems. In the private sector, for example, we believe that companies will continue to face significant challenges associated with globalization and technological innovation, including the need to decrease operating costs, increase efficiencies, compete against new market entrants and evaluate and adopt increasing numbers of emerging and transformational technologies such as cloud computing and automation. Similarly, public sector organizations at the national, regional and local levels increasingly must deal with the complex and converging issues of outdated technology systems, reduced budgets and an aging workforce. These technological challenges have only been intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting remote or hybrid work environment and, therefore, present further opportunity for ISG to assist our private and public sector clients with digital transformation services.
Overall, we believe the global marketplace dynamics at work in both the private and public sectors support growing demand for the professional services, analytics, platforms, and advice ISG can provide. In this dynamic environment, the strength of our client relationships greatly depends on the quality of our advice and insight, our unique and valuable datasets, the independence of our thought leadership and the effectiveness of our people in assisting our clients to implement strategies that successfully address their most pressing operational challenges.
We are organized as a corporation under the laws of the State of Delaware. The current mailing address of the Company’s principal executive office is: Information Services Group, Inc., 2187 Atlantic Street, Stamford, CT 06902. Our telephone number is (203) 517 3100.
Our Services
ISG specializes in digital transformation services, including automation, cloud and data analytics; sourcing advisory; managed governance and risk services; network carrier services; technology strategy and operations design; change management; market intelligence and technology research and analysis. ISG supports both private and public sector organizations to transform and optimize their operational environments. During periods of expansion or contraction, our services have helped organizations large and small, public or private, across the globe address their most complex operational issues. The functional domain experience of our experts and deep empirical data resources help clients better understand their strategic options.
The firm’s new operating model, ISG NEXT, launched in the third quarter of 2020, is aimed at extending our market leadership, enhancing growth opportunities, and driving significant value for all stakeholders. Under ISG NEXT, we are pivoting from services to solutions to address our clients’ most pressing business challenges in two areas most important to them-their continuing digital transformation and getting the most from their digital investments. To meet these needs, we have formed two global client solution areas: ISG Digital, focused on developing technology, transformation, sourcing and digital solutions for clients, and ISG Enterprise, focused on helping clients manage change and optimize operations in such areas as finance, HR and Procure2Pay.
Our core solutions are supported by ISG Research, with its extensive market analyses and provider evaluations; our ISG Network and Software Advisory services, and our software platforms, including ISG GovernX®. We also are building more industry-specific capabilities, in such areas as banking, insurance and smart manufacturing.
Every client engagement now passes through our dedicated Solution Hub, to bring the best thinking, tools and capabilities to bear to solve every client challenge. Integrated solutions are then delivered through our new ISG iFlex™ global delivery model, which enables us to rapidly deploy our resources to support clients, regardless of geography or time zone.
Our Competitive Advantages
We believe that the following strengths differentiate us from our competition:
● Independence and Objectivity. We are not an information technology or business process outsourcing service provider. Rather, we are an independent, fact-based data, analytics and advisory firm with no material conflicting financial or other interests. This enables us to maintain a trusted advisor relationship with our clients through our unbiased focus and ability to align our interests with those of our clients.
● Domain Expertise. Averaging over 20 years of experience, our strategic consulting teams bring a wealth of industry and domain-specific knowledge and expertise to address our clients’ most complex transformational needs.
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Strong Brand Recognition. ISG continues to gain marketplace awareness as a leading brand in our industry. ISG offers integrated solutions to our clients.
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Proprietary Data Assets and Market Intelligence. We have assembled a comprehensive and unique set of data, analytics and market intelligence built over more than thirty years of data collection and analysis, providing insight into the comparative cost and quality of a variety of operational alternatives.
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Global Reach. We possess practical experience in global business operations, and we understand the significance of interconnected economies and companies. Our resources in the Americas, Europe and Asia Pacific make us a truly global advisory firm able to consistently serve the strategic and implementation needs of our clients.
We believe the above strengths are central to our ability to successfully advise and support our clients to address any business challenge.
Our Strategy
We intend to use our competitive strengths to develop new services and products, sustain our growth and strengthen our existing market position by pursuing the following strategies:
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Preserve and Expand Our Market Share Positions. We expect the trend toward globalization and greater operating efficiency and technological innovation to play an increasing role in the growth in demand for our services. We plan to leverage our combined operating platform to serve the growing number of private- and public-sector organizations utilizing outside advisors when undertaking transformational projects. We are focused on growing our existing client base by offering integrated solutions that combine our multiple services and capabilities. In addition, we will seek to continue to expand our products and services and the geographic markets we serve opportunistically as global competition spurs demand for cost savings and value creation.
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Strengthen Our Industry Expertise. We have strengthened our market-facing organization to drive increased revenue around 22 global industries: Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, Banking, Chemicals, Consumer Goods, Energy & Utilities, Financial Services, Government, Health Care, Insurance, Life Sciences, Manufacturing, Media & Entertainment, Metals & Mining, Pharma/Biotech/Medical Devices, Private Equity & M&A, Public Sector & Education, Retail, Technology & Service Providers, Telecommunications, Transportation & Logistics, Travel & Hospitality.
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Aggressively Expand Our Market Focus. We are seeking to drive our service portfolio and relationships with clients further into Digital Advisory Services including Cloud Solutions, Automation, Business Advisory Services, Cybersecurity, Digital Engineering, Strategy, Data & Analytics, Transition and Organizational Change and Network Advisory. These are all areas in which we are investing additional focus to drive increased revenues and expanded relationships with clients.
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Further Develop Digital Cloud Competency. There is a nexus of distinct, yet complementary, technology trends that are creating a perfect storm of disruption for some companies. Among the most significant technology trends are the speed with which products get to market, large-scale digitization, the efficiency of the cloud and the immediacy with which new disruptors can become omnipresent. We continue to see clear opportunities in the execution of large-scale digital transformation - helping enterprises in executing their transformations by using their large technology platform and partner ecosystems. Increasingly, clients are taking a more agile approach, working incrementally on continuous transformation to meet rapidly changing technology and business conditions. Our offerings around cost management have never been more important as enterprises seek funds to invest into programs aimed at realizing their digital ambitions. We think the pandemic will accelerate client demand for, and investment in, the digital transformation services ISG provides.
ISG plans to expand resources and intellectual property (“IP”) around digitization and the cloud. Digitization is the ‘softwarization’ of business. Processes that were once executed over analog channels (such as phone and ‘real life’) increasingly happen via software. Also, digitization has elevated the profile of software. Software no longer merely supports business processes but is central to enterprise strategy. Our purpose in the digital marketplace is to be a trusted advisor, guiding our clients through digital transformation toward practical innovation of their business models, leveraging strategic partners, emerging technology and thought leadership.
Our digital services now span a volume of offerings and have become embedded as part of even our traditional transaction services. Advancements continue to be made to ‘digitize’ further our traditional services. For example, we have continued the modernization of our traditional sourcing services toward digital with the launch of ISG FutureSource™ which has brought agility and nimbleness to the process of sourcing, RFPs and contracting. ISG FutureSource is a unique and comprehensive sourcing solution that helps enterprises and public sector organizations evaluate their business requirements, identify desired outcomes, fast-track the provider identification and selection process, collaborate with providers on developing the right solution, get to a signed contract and transition operations faster than ever before.
ISG also continues to expand the capabilities of its ISG GovernX vendor compliance and risk management platform. This proprietary ISG software platform continues to drive broader insights from additional market and performance data, while delivering increased value to our clients. ISG GovernX leverages cognitive technology to automate the management of third-party supplier relationships, including contract and project lifecycles and risk management. It provides a complete, customized view of the user’s contract and supplier ecosystem to improve supplier performance, decrease spend and reduce third-party risk. Enterprises can leverage the platform to deliver up to 30 percent more value from their outsourcing spend. ISG GovernX users can easily manage new contracts and proactive renewals, make timely amendments and handle contract terminations-all on one platform. The platform delivers easy integration with other enterprise applications, such as ServiceNow, and is tightly connected to ISG Research offerings, such as benchmarks, assessments and total-cost-of-ownership evaluations. In times of crisis, ISG GovernX clients can mitigate supply chain risks and ensure business continuity by reviewing and validating their providers’ business and IT continuity plans and procedures. In 2021, ISG GovernX was enhanced with real-time third-party risk management capabilities. The new capabilities, including integrated data feeds and real-time alerts, are increasingly important as provider ecosystems continue to grow more complex, introducing more risk to the enterprise, and threats against supply-chain integrity become more diverse. In addition to monitoring the operational performance and financial viability of their suppliers, ISG GovernX helps enterprises address a range of other internal and external risks, from data security and regulatory issues, to adverse environmental, health and geopolitical events, to social responsibility, diversity and inclusion considerations. In 2021, ISG introduced a dedicated advisory and risk management service to help enterprises ensure their businesses and supply chains are in compliance with modern slavery laws. ISG helps clients develop a modern slavery framework, review and update policies across the enterprise, conduct training, map their entire supply chain, and add modern slavery clauses to contract templates, while the ISG GovernX platform provides thorough, timely reporting through its automatic alert feature.
We have also launched ISG Inform™ 2.0, an enhanced version of our data-as-a-service solution that provides benchmarking capability to track digital transformation and application development maturity and performance against industry peers. ISG Inform 2.0 provides a quantified view of the health of the user's enterprise IT landscape through a series of easy-to-read visual dashboards that display key performance indicators for infrastructure, applications and digital capabilities, compared with industry peers. Data and insights are drawn from the ISG sourcing database.
Robotic Process and Cognitive Automation technology is fundamentally reshaping the way businesses work. Automation is increasingly enabling automated 24/7/365 execution of business processes at a fraction of the cost of human equivalents, as well as the dramatic improvements in process execution and cost models.
ISG Automation offers clients a full portfolio of services, including automation assessments and strategy, proof-of-concept deployments, implementation and integration of software bots, establishment of centers of excellence to scale automation, as well as training and managed services.
● Expand Emerging Services. The focus will be on creating repeatable methods used to drive growth of emerging services including ISG Automation, HR Technology & Transformations; Providers as a Business; ISG Platform; ISG Network Select™; ISG Hyperscaler Services; ISG Digital Engineering; ISG Cybersecurity, and ISG Training as a Service.
1.
ISG Automation: ISG’s capabilities and service offerings include implementation services for Robotic Process and Cognitive Automation Technology. ISG Automation guides clients through the hurdles of adoption, ensuring the optimal future state with best-fit technologies. ISG Automation tailors programs to specific business needs and helps build governance that works inside the culture of our clients. The Automation market size is expected to continue to grow significantly over the next few years. Automation is fundamentally reshaping the world of Information Technology Outsourcing (“ITO”) and Business Process Outsourcing (“BPO”). Our solutions will work to optimize repetitive processes
using ‘bots’ instead of human labor. ISG Automation will continue to be marketed by industry (e.g., claims processing for insurance) and by back-office functions (e.g., accounting).
2.
HR Technology & Transformations: Advances in technology are transforming the business of HR. From intuitive and mobile self-service software to predictive analytics and integrated talent management suites, technological solutions are changing the way leaders acquire, develop and engage their employees. New applications, enhanced functionality and competition among software providers make it difficult to stay on top of this ever-evolving space. ISG combines deep subject matter expertise, market data and financial frameworks along with sourcing of technology and service providers to help organizations develop and execute HR technology strategies that are right for them.
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Providers as a Business (“PaaB”): Historically, ISG had targeted traditional service providers for these types of services, which included a combination of consulting and research solutions. These services include market intelligence, client retention programs, pursuit effectiveness, satisfaction benchmarking, go-to-market consulting and health checks.
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ISG Platform: We see growth opportunities in tool-enabling the part of consulting that solves for standard problems. The digital solutioning of ISG will reach its next level as we develop the ISG Platform, an integrated set of software-driven solutions, data and research that will allow us to increase our subscription-based recurring revenues and penetrate new market segments. ISG Inform and ISG GovernX will be at the core of the ISG Platform, as will our new set of offerings that will continue to streamline and digitize the provider selection process. In early 2022, ISG launched ISG Executive Insights™, a market intelligence and data analytics platform that addresses the challenges of managing increasingly complex supplier ecosystems. The new data-analytics-as-a-solution offering is powered by ISG’s market-leading data repository-the industry’s most comprehensive, curated database of global IT, business process and engineering outsourcing contracts-paired with ISG’s patented IT price benchmarking, market cost intelligence and other analytical tools. We continue to develop and invest in our ISG Platform, which will help us drive recurring revenues.
5.
ISG Network Select: This offering helps streamline and simplify how enterprises build their network solutions. It enables ISG to better meet the growing demand for such leading-edge networking solutions as software-defined networking (SD-WAN, SD-LAN), SD security services, 5G mobility, unified communications as a service (UCaaS) and call center as a service (CCaaS) - all critical to enterprise digital transformation. Client demand for networks that are secure, interconnected, interoperable and profitable is rising, as are concerns over security, scale, cost and the complexity of the expanding Internet of Things (“IoT”) landscape. ISG Network Select is designed to help clients find the best solutions, faster, to power their digital transformation initiatives. Clients get access to detailed and current data on their vendor and technology options, insights to help negotiate better pricing, and processes to accelerate next-generation networking solutions.
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Growth Through Hyperscalers: Our cloud transformation capabilities have reached a level of maturity that allows us to explore new growth opportunities in this space. One such opportunity is serving as a channel partner for cloud hyperscalers, i.e., large public cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform. ISG has hired a global executive in 2021 to drive this business, which will provide consulting services to hyperscaler customers. Total worldwide spending on cloud computing is expected to surpass $1.0 trillion in 2024, while likely to sustain a double-digit compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 16 percent. Enterprises have migrated approximately 25 percent of their applications to the cloud, with the remaining 75 percent covering large back-office functions that are complex and challenging to move to the cloud, especially in multicloud environments. ISG is developing a set of core offerings that will enable hyperscalers to accelerate time to value by shifting enterprise workloads more quickly to the cloud. For hyperscaler customers, ISG will serve as an independent third party that brings transparency to solution design costs, risks and dependencies of cloud deployments. ISG will offer expertise and data to source and orchestrate the cloud transformation design process, to provision the appropriate system integrator (SI) and managed service provider (MSP) ecosystems, and to structure and manage the cloud transformation office to drive innovation and achieve tactical and strategic goals.
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Digital Engineering: ISG has an opportunity to develop and scale a Digital Engineering capability that meets the growing need of enterprises to integrate information technology, operational technology and engineering technology. ISG has hired a global leader to grow this business, building on our experience in Engineering Product Lifecycle Management and Digital Thread. Over the past five years, enterprise business models have been shifting from selling products as a one-time transaction to becoming more software-oriented to drive more features and functionality; shifting focus to aftermarket solutions to generate recurring revenues via services (servitization); and enhancing customer experience to increase customer acquisition and retention rates. As companies are reimagining their products and services, Digital Engineering is growing rapidly due to the increasing data and software content of products and processes. Our aim is to become an independent governance and end-to-end transformation partner including the sourcing of engineering system integrators
and engineering platforms like SIEMENS & Dassault throughout each client’s digital engineering transformation journey, serving multiple industries with an initial focus on manufacturing.
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Cybersecurity: In 2021, ISG doubled the size of its global cybersecurity business and sees significant growth opportunities ahead. Driven by a growing awareness of risks and threats, cybersecurity has become a strategic topic at the board level. The overall market for cybersecurity services and solutions is expected to grow by about $98 billion from 2021 to 2025, to reach $239 billion, with services accounting for roughly 60 percent of the total. The rise of niche providers, converging operating models and a significant focus on Operational Technology, Internet of Things (IoT) and Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) are providing growing opportunities for ISG in this space. We will continue to leverage our sourcing expertise and expand further into cybersecurity consulting and next-gen Cyber Security Management System (CSMS) platforms, positioning ourselves as the best agnostic cybersecurity advisory firm in the market.
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Training as a Service (TaaS): In partnership with the training software-as-a-service (SaaS) firm Assima, ISG has launched a subscription-based, recurring revenue service that has lowered training development costs at a major client by approximately 75 percent. Building on this success, ISG plans to offer training as an ongoing, outsourced managed service for organizations with limited resources and growing demand for training content. These organizations are typically looking for longer-term training support to address the needs of an evolving workforce. ISG TaaS uses an agile approach with rapid content development tools to accelerate training content throughput. Services include training advisory, analysis, strategy, development, delivery support, and learning assessment.
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Expand “Recurring Revenue Streams.” These include such annuity-based ISG offerings as ISG GovernX, Research, Software as a Subscription, ISG Inform and the multi-year Public Sector contracts. All are characterized by subscriptions (i.e., renewal centric as opposed to project centric revenue streams) or multi-year contracts. As companies begin to recognize the importance of managing the post-sourcing transaction period, managed services have emerged as a revenue driver for the firm, with our offerings delivered through multi-year managed services contracts. We believe that our experience with outsourcing transactions and software implementation initiatives make us uniquely equipped to provide research insights and direct support to help our clients manage their transformational projects or act as a third-party administrator. We will continue to pursue opportunities to leverage our experience to make research and managed services an even greater revenue generator for us. The U.S. public sector, particularly state governments, local municipalities, and higher education-presents a significant opportunity to ISG. Systems are typically outdated, maintenance is expensive, and the workforce charged with maintenance is aging. There is a need to refurbish systems to reduce the cost of operations (particularly because governments’ tax revenues are under pressure). We are well-positioned as a third party, objective advisory group with no affiliation to the software providers. ISG will continue to invest in the digitization of these services, driving increased automation, greater profitability and even more value for our clients.
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Consider Acquisition and Other Growth Opportunities. The business services, information and advisory market is highly fragmented. We believe we are well-positioned to leverage our leading market positions and strong brand recognition to expand through acquisitions and other growth opportunities. Acquiring firms with complementary services and products allows us to further develop and broaden our service offerings and domain expertise. We will consider and may pursue opportunities to enter into joint ventures and to buy or combine with other businesses.
Our Proprietary Data Assets and Market Intelligence
One of our core assets is the information, data, analytics, methodologies and other intellectual property the Company possesses. This intellectual property underpins the independent nature of our operational assessments, strategy development, deal-structuring, negotiation and other consulting services we provide to our clients.
With each engagement we conduct, we enhance both the quantity and quality of the intellectual property we employ on behalf of our clients, thus providing a continuous, evolving and unique source of information, data and analytics.
This intellectual property is proprietary, and we rely on multiple legal and contractual provisions and devices to protect our intellectual property rights. We recognize the value of our intellectual property and vigorously defend it. As a result, the Company maintains strict policies and procedures regarding ownership, use and protection with all parties, including our employees.
Clients
We operate in over 20 countries and across numerous industries. Our private sector clients operate primarily in the manufacturing, banking and financial services, insurance, health sciences, energy & utilities and consumer services industries. Our private sector clients are primarily large businesses ranked in the Forbes Global 2000 companies annually. Our public sector clients are primarily state and local governments (cities and counties) and authorities (airport and transit) in the United States and national and provincial government units in the United Kingdom, Italy and Australia.
Competition
Competition in the sourcing, data, information and advisory market is primarily driven by independence and objectivity, expertise, possession of relevant benchmarking data, breadth of service capabilities, reputation and price. We compete with other sourcing advisors, research firms, strategy consultants and sourcing service providers. A significant number of independent sourcing and advisory firms offer similar services. In our view, however, these firms generally lack the benchmarking data, scale and diversity of expertise that we possess. In addition, most research firms do not possess the data repository of recent, comparable transactions and benchmarking data. Management consultants bring strategic service capabilities to the sourcing and advisory market. However, they generally lack the depth of experience that sourcing, data and advisory firms such as ISG possess. In addition, management consultants do not possess the sourcing and technology implementation expertise nor the benchmarking data capabilities that are critical to implementing and managing successful transformational projects for businesses and governments. Other service providers often lack the depth of experience, competitive benchmarking data and independence critical to playing the role of “trusted advisor” to clients.
Employees
As of December 31, 2021, we employed 1,335 people worldwide.
Our employee base includes executive management, service leads, partners, directors, advisors, analysts, technical specialists and functional support staff.
We recruit advisors from service providers and consulting firms with direct operational experience. These advisors leverage extensive practical expertise derived from experiences in corporate leadership, consulting, research, financial analysis, contract negotiations and operational service delivery.
All employees are required to execute confidentiality, conflict of interest and intellectual property agreements as a condition of employment. There are no collective bargaining agreements covering any of our employees.
Our voluntary advisor turnover rate has ranged between 11% and 16% over the last three years.
Human Capital Management
ISG strives to employ the brightest, most innovative people in the industry, so that we can provide world class solutions to our clients. Employees at ISG are anchored in our core values, which include trust, integrity, respect, diversity, passion, entrepreneurship, balance, and mentorship.
Our more than 1,300 employees, located in over 20 countries with almost one-third in the United States, perform a variety of different roles. We are participants in the competitive research and advisory industries. Attracting, developing, and retaining talented people in advisory, research and other positions is critical to executing on our strategy. Our ability to compete effectively depends upon a number of factors including learning opportunities, compensation/benefits, work environment and career opportunities. To make this happen, we have certain programs, training, policies and practices in place including the following:
Diversity/Inclusion
ISG believes a key to our success is our value of diverse backgrounds, experiences, and cultures. Our employees’ function within a collaborative community that welcomes varied ideas and styles. These diverse perspectives produce enhanced results for our clients and result in a preferred place to work.
We exhibit our commitment to diversity and inclusion through our hiring practices, opportunities for learning and advancement and the distribution of rewards. Through efforts, such as our Inclusion, Diversity, Equity and Awareness (IDEA) team and Women-In-Digital industry group, we are able to help in the identification and advancement of diverse talent. While we have made progress in our workforce diversity representation, we seek to continually improve in this area.
ISG WorkLife
We have also introduced ISG WorkLife which is a series of progressive, best practice, next-generation HR offerings designed to improve the quality of our work-life experience, while helping us achieve our firm-wide objectives. ISG believes this will help us attract and retain productive talent. Some of the key offerings here include:
● ISG Cares, our enhanced volunteering program which, among other things, provide employees paid time off to attend to charitable pursuits.
● ISG Academy, our global learning and development program.
● ISG Aspire, which is a global mentoring program.
● ISG iRefer, which allows the firm to attract talent through employee referrals, which earn referral bonuses.
● ISG iTime, which provides flexible paid time off arrangements for employees in certain countries.
We understand that employees have varied interests both in and outside of the workplace. These programs, and others under ISG WorkLife, provide employees with the opportunity to pursue these activities. These allow us to attract and retain productive employees and enhance diverse perspectives.
Corporate Social Responsibility
ISG has a history of various programs, policies and activities which would be considered in the category of corporate social responsibility. In 2020, the firm decided to consolidate these efforts and establish an employee governing body to focus on continued enhancement of these efforts. While the firm already has some robust practices in these areas, we will continue to improve on them and ensure our appropriate development. Our CSR programs include the IDEA (Inclusion, Diversity, Equity and Awareness) team, the Women In Digital industry program, the ISG Cares volunteering program, and the ISG Environmental team, which seeks to reduce our carbon footprint, reduce waste and pivot to green energy.
Learning
ISG’s success depends on the knowledge and productivity of its employees. To that end, the firm invests a significant amount of time and money into providing development opportunities. Our ISG Academy is robust in offering learning in such topics specific to the employee’s industry and functional areas, leadership and people management, certifications, software and technical skills among others. In 2021, most learning was virtual; our employees completed more than 16,800 courses, including viewing 162,000 video programs, and devoting a total of more than 31,000 hours to learning and development. While we hope to reinstate some in-person learning when safe in the near future, virtual learning is essential to our efforts.
COVID-19 Response
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, ISG acted swiftly. We immediately articulated our principles which were:
1. Ensure all our ISG colleagues and their families are safe.
2. Serve our clients with minimal disruption and be available during these challenging times to assist, support and advise them.
3. Preserve the fundamental financial performance of the firm to support our payroll, investments, and stockholders.
We addressed the principles in that order, and we believe faster than many other companies. We began to bring employees back home from clients and settled in for what we thought would be a few weeks of disruption but ultimately lasted longer than anyone expected. We addressed the issues and remained resilient in ensuring employee safety, focused on client needs and preserved our firm’s financial strength.
Available Information
Our Internet address is www.isg-one.com. The content on our website is available for information purposes only. It should not be relied upon for investment purposes, nor is it incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K or any other filings. We make available through our Internet website under the heading “Investor Relations,” our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K after we electronically file any such materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of our key corporate governance documents, including our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct for Directors, Officers and Employees, Corporate Governance Guidelines and charters for our Audit Committee, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and our Compensation Committee are also on our website. Stockholders may request free copies of these documents including our Annual Report to Stockholders by writing to Information Services Group, Inc., 2187 Atlantic Street, Stamford CT 06902, Attention: Humberto P. Alfonso, or by calling (203) 517-3100.
Our annual and quarterly reports and other information statements are also available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Proxy Statement and 2021 Annual Report to Stockholders are available free of charge at www.proxyvote.com.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, we and our clients are affected by global economic conditions and trends. The following sections address significant factors, events and uncertainties that make an investment in our securities risky. We urge you to consider carefully the factors described below and the risks that they present for our operations, as well as the risks addressed in other reports and materials that we file with the SEC and the other information, included or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. When the factors, events and contingencies described below or elsewhere in this Form 10-K materialize there could be a material adverse impact on our business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows, and could therefore have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we now deem immaterial may also harm us and negatively affect your investment. In addition to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global disruptions on our business and operations discussed in Item 7 of this Form 10-K and in the risk factors below, additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic climate may give rise to or amplify many of these risks discussed below.
Risks Related to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
The continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted and may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The continuing global reach of COVID-19, including the emergence of new variants of the virus, has created significant worldwide operational volatility, uncertainty and disruption. The COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly in the early months of the pandemic, and the extent of the continuing impact will depend on numerous evolving factors, which are highly uncertain, rapidly changing and unpredictable, including:
● the duration, severity and scope of the pandemic, including as new variants emerge and spread;
● governmental, business and individual actions that may be taken in response to the outbreak, including travel restrictions, quarantines, social distancing, work-at-home, and stay-at-home mandates and business shut-downs;
● the effectiveness and timing of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, or any perceived limitations of or setbacks in these efforts;
● the impact of the pandemic on the financial markets and economic activity generally;
● the impact of the pandemic on labor costs and supply;
● the effect of the pandemic on our clients and other business partners, including the impact of supply-chain disruptions;
● our ability to access usual sources of liquidity on reasonable terms;
● our ability to achieve the full benefits of the restructuring actions we took in 2020 and other cost-saving initiatives;
● our ability during the pandemic to provide our services, including those related to the health and wellbeing of our employees; and
● the ability of our clients to pay for our services during and following the pandemic if significant disruptions develop or continue.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased financial and economic volatility and uncertainty. Resulting downturns in the economy have had, and we expect will continue to have, a negative impact on many of our clients. Some clients, particularly in the early months of the pandemic, responded to weak or volatile economic and financial conditions by reducing their IT budgets, thereby decreasing the market and demand for our services. In addition, many businesses adjusted, reduced or suspended operating activities, which negatively impacted certain of the markets or industries we serve. These patterns may recur in future periods, including as a result of pandemic developments such as the emergence of new virus variants that may be more transmissible, virulent or both. All of the foregoing has impacted, and will likely continue to impact, our business, financial condition, results of operations and forward-looking expectations.
Furthermore, modified processes, procedures and controls have been required to respond to the changes in our business environment as the majority of our employees have continued to work from home. The significant increase in remote working of our employees may exacerbate certain risks to our business, including the increased demand for information technology resources, increased risk of malicious technology-related events, such as cyberattacks and phishing attacks, and increased risk of improper dissemination of personal, proprietary or confidential information.
The potential effects of COVID-19 could also heighten the risks disclosed in many of our other risk factors that are included below, including as a result of, but not limited to, the factors listed above.
Risks Related to Outstanding Debt
We have a substantial amount of debt outstanding, which may limit our ability to fund general corporate requirements and obtain additional financing, limit our flexibility in responding to business opportunities and competitive developments and increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions and changes in our debt rating.
On March 10, 2020, the Company amended and restated its senior secured credit facility to include a $86.0 million term facility and to increase the revolving commitments per the revolving facility (the “2020 Credit Agreement”) from $30.0 million to $54.0 million. As a result of the substantial fixed costs associated with the debt obligations, we expect that:
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a decrease in revenues will result in a disproportionately greater percentage decrease in earnings;
●
we may not have sufficient liquidity to fund all of these fixed costs if our revenues decline or costs increase;
●
we may have to use our working capital to fund these fixed costs instead of funding general corporate requirements, including capital expenditures;
●
we may not have sufficient liquidity to respond to business opportunities, competitive developments and adverse economic conditions; and
●
our results of operations will be adversely affected if interest rates increase because, based on our current outstanding borrowings in the amount of $74.5 million as of December 31, 2021, a 1% increase in interest rates would result in a pre-tax impact on earnings of approximately $0.7 million per year.
These debt obligations may also impair our ability to obtain additional financing, if needed, and our flexibility in the conduct of our business. Our indebtedness under the senior secured revolving credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets, leaving us with limited collateral for additional financing. Moreover, the terms of our indebtedness under the senior secured revolving credit facility restrict our ability to take certain actions, including the incurrence of additional indebtedness, mergers and acquisitions, investments and asset sales. Our ability to pay the fixed costs associated with our debt obligations will depend on our operating performance and cash flow, which in turn depend on general economic conditions and the advisory services market. A failure to pay interest or indebtedness when due could result in a variety of adverse consequences, including the acceleration of our indebtedness. In such a situation, it is unlikely that we would be able to fulfill our obligations under or repay the accelerated indebtedness or otherwise cover our fixed costs. As of December 31, 2021, the total principal outstanding under the term loan facility and revolving credit facility was $74.5 million and $0.0 million, respectively.
Our failure to comply with the covenants in our credit agreement could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity.
Our credit agreement contains financial covenants requiring that we maintain, among other things, certain levels of debt coverage and fixed charges. Poor financial performance could cause us to be in default of these covenants. While we were in compliance with these covenants on December 31, 2021, there can be no assurance that we will remain in compliance in the future. If we fail to comply with the covenants in our credit agreement, this could result in our having to seek an amendment or waiver from our lenders to avoid the termination of their commitments and/or the acceleration of the maturity of outstanding amounts under the credit facility. The cost of our obtaining an amendment or waiver could be significant, and further, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain an amendment or waiver. If our lenders were unwilling to enter into an amendment or provide a waiver, all amounts outstanding under our credit facility would become immediately due and payable.
Risks Related to Acquisitions
We have risks associated with acquisitions or investments.
Since our inception, we have expanded through acquisitions. In the future, we plan to pursue additional acquisitions and investments as opportunities arise. We may not be able to successfully integrate businesses that we acquire in the future without substantial expense, delays or other operational or financial problems. We may not be able to identify, acquire or profitably manage additional businesses. If we pursue acquisition or investment opportunities, these potential risks could disrupt our ongoing business, result in the loss of key customers or personnel, increase expenses and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Difficulties in integrating businesses we have acquired, or may acquire in the future, may demand time and attention from our senior management.
Integrating businesses we have acquired, or may acquire in the future, may involve unanticipated delays, costs and/or other operational and financial problems. In integrating acquired businesses, we may not achieve expected economies of scale or profitability or realize sufficient revenue to justify our investment. If we encounter unexpected problems as we try to integrate an acquired firm into our
business, our management may be required to expend time and attention to address the problems, which would divert their time and attention from other aspects of our business.
Strategic and Operation Risks
Our operating results have been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by worldwide economic conditions and credit tightening.
Our results of operations are affected by the level of business activity of our clients, which in turn is affected by the level of economic activity in the industries and markets that they serve. A decline in the level of business activity of our clients, such as the impact of a pandemic, could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profit margin. Future economic conditions could cause some clients to reduce or defer their expenditures for consulting services. We have implemented and will continue to implement cost-savings initiatives to manage our expenses as a percentage of revenue. However, current and future cost-management initiatives may not be sufficient to maintain our margins if the economic environment should weaken for a prolonged period.
The rate of growth in the broadly defined business information services & advisory sector and/or the use of technology in business may fall significantly below the levels that we currently anticipate.
Our business is dependent upon continued growth in sourcing activity, the use of technology in business by our clients and prospective clients and the continued trend towards sourcing of complex information technology and business process tasks by large and small organizations. If sourcing diminishes as a management and operational tool, the growth in the use of technology slows down or the cost of sourcing alternatives rises, our business could suffer. Companies that have already invested substantial resources in developing in-house information technology and business process functions may be particularly reluctant or slow to move to a sourcing solution that may make some of their existing personnel and infrastructure obsolete.
Our engagements may be terminated, delayed or reduced in scope by clients at any time.
Our clients may decide at any time to abandon, postpone and/or to reduce our involvement in an engagement. Our engagements can be terminated, or the scope of our responsibilities may be diminished, with limited advance notice. If an engagement is terminated, delayed or reduced unexpectedly, the professionals working on the engagement could be underutilized until we assign them to other projects. Accordingly, the termination or significant reduction in the scope of a single large engagement, or multiple smaller engagements, could harm our business results.
Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from period to period as a result of factors outside of our control.
Our revenues and operating results may vary significantly from accounting period to accounting period due to factors including:
● fluctuations in revenues earned on contracts;
● commencement, completion or termination of engagements during any particular period;
● additions and departures of key advisors;
● transitioning of advisors from completed projects to new engagements;
● seasonal trends;
● introduction of new services by us or our competitors;
● changes in fees, pricing policies or compensation arrangements by us or our competitors;
● strategic decisions by us, our clients or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy;
● global economic and political conditions and related risks, including acts of terrorism, pandemics, such as COVID-19; and
● conditions in the travel industry that could prevent our advisors from traveling to client sites.
We depend on project-based advisory engagements, and our failure to secure new engagements could lead to a decrease in our revenues.
Advisory engagements typically are project-based. Our ability to attract advisory engagements is subject to numerous factors, including the following:
● delivering consistent, high-quality advisory services to our clients;
● tailoring our advisory services to the changing needs of our clients;
● matching the skills and competencies of our advisory staff to the skills required for the fulfillment of existing or potential advisory engagements; and
● maintaining a global business operation.
Any material decline in our ability to secure new advisory arrangements could have an adverse impact on our revenues and financial condition.
If we are unable to achieve or maintain adequate utilization for our consultants, our operating results could be adversely impacted.
Our profitability depends to a large extent on the utilization of our consultants. Utilization of our consultants is affected by a number of factors, including:
● additional hiring of consultants because there is generally a transition period for new consultants;
● the number and size of client engagements;
● the unpredictability of the completion and termination of engagements;
● our ability to transition our consultants efficiently from completed engagements to new engagements;
● unanticipated changes in the scope of client engagements or unexpected terminations of client engagements; and
● our ability to maintain an appropriate level of consultants by forecasting the demand for our services.
We could lose money on our fixed-fee or capped fee contracts.
As part of our strategy, from time to time, we enter into fixed fee contracts, in addition to contracts based on payment for time and materials with capped fees. Because of the complexity of many of our client engagements, accurately estimating the cost, scope and duration of a particular engagement can be a difficult task. If we fail to make accurate estimates, we could be forced to devote additional resources to these engagements for which we will not receive additional compensation. While losses on our fixed fee contracts are rare, to the extent that an expenditure of additional resources is required on an engagement, this could reduce the profitability of, or result in a loss on, the engagement.
Our contracts with contingent-based revenue may cause unusual variations in our operating results.
As part of our strategy, from time to time, we earn incremental revenues, in addition to hourly or fixed fee billings, which are contingent on the attainment of certain contractual milestones or objectives. Because it is uncertain when the milestones or objectives will be achieved, if ever, any such incremental revenues may cause unusual variations in quarterly revenues and operating results. Also, whether any contractual milestones or objectives are achieved may become subject to dispute.
We may not be able to maintain our existing services and products.
We operate in a rapidly evolving market, and our success depends upon our ability to deliver high quality advice and analysis to our clients. Any failure to continue to provide credible and reliable information and advice that is useful to our clients could have a significant adverse effect on future business and operating results. Further, if our advice proves to be materially incorrect and the quality of service is diminished, our reputation may suffer and demand for our services and products may decline. In addition, we must continue to improve our methods for delivering our products and services in a cost-effective manner.
Expanding our service offerings may not be profitable.
We may choose from time to time to develop new service offerings because of market opportunities or client demands. Developing new service offerings involves inherent risks, including:
● a lack of market understanding;
● competition from more established market participants;
● our inability to estimate demand for the new service offerings; and
● unanticipated expenses to hire qualified consultants and to market our new service offerings.
If we cannot manage the risks associated with new service offerings effectively, we are unlikely to be successful in these efforts, which could harm our ability to sustain profitability.
We may not have the ability to develop and offer the new services and products that we need to remain competitive.
Our future success will depend in part on our ability to offer new services and products. To maintain our competitive position, we must continue to enhance and improve our services and products, develop or acquire new services and products in a timely manner, and appropriately position and price new services and products relative to the marketplace and our costs of producing them. These new services and products must successfully gain market acceptance by addressing specific industry and business sectors and by anticipating and identifying changes in client requirements. The process of researching, developing, launching and gaining client acceptance of a new service or product, or assimilating and marketing an acquired service or product is risky and costly. We may not be able to introduce new, or assimilate acquired, services and products successfully. Any failure to achieve successful client acceptance of new services and products could have an adverse effect on our business results.
We may fail to anticipate and respond to market trends.
Our success depends in part upon our ability to anticipate rapidly changing technologies and market trends and to adapt our advice, services and products to meet the changing sourcing advisory needs of our clients. Our clients regularly undergo frequent and often dramatic changes. That environment of rapid and continuous change presents significant challenges to our ability to provide our clients with current and timely analysis, strategies and advice on issues of importance to them. Meeting these challenges requires the commitment of substantial resources. Any failure to continue to respond to developments, technologies, and trends in a manner that meets market needs could have an adverse effect on our business results.
We may be unable to protect important intellectual property rights.
We rely on copyright and trademark laws, as well as nondisclosure and confidentiality arrangements, to protect our proprietary rights in our methods of performing our services, our data and our tools for analyzing financial and other information. There can be no assurance that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights will be adequate to deter misappropriation of our rights or that we will be able to detect unauthorized use and take timely and effective steps to enforce our rights. If substantial and material unauthorized uses of our proprietary methodologies, data and analytical tools were to occur, we may be required to engage in costly and time-consuming litigation to enforce our rights. There can be no assurance that we would prevail in such litigation. If others were able to use our intellectual property or were to independently develop our methodologies or analytical tools, our ability to compete effectively and to charge appropriate fees for our services may be adversely affected.
We face competition and our failure to compete successfully could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The business information services and advisory sector is highly competitive, fragmented and subject to rapid change. We face competition from many other providers ranging from large organizations to small firms and independent contractors that provide specialized services. Our competitors include any firm that provides sourcing or benchmarking advisory services, IT strategy or business process consulting, which may include a variety of consulting firms, service providers, niche advisors and, potentially, advisors currently or formerly employed by us. Some of our competitors have significantly more financial and marketing resources, larger professional staffs, closer client relationships, broader geographic presence or more widespread recognition than us.
In addition, limited barriers to entry exist in the markets in which we do business. As a result, additional new competitors may emerge, and existing competitors may start to provide additional or complementary services. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete against current and future competitors and our failure to do so could result in loss of market share, diminished value in our products and services, reduced pricing and increased marketing expenditures. Furthermore, we may not be successful if we cannot compete effectively on quality of advice and analysis, timely delivery of information, client service or the ability to offer services and products to meet changing market needs for information, analysis or price.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from our largest clients and could be materially and adversely affected if we lose one or more of our large clients.
Our 25 largest clients accounted for approximately 37% and 36% of revenue in 2021 and 2020, respectively. If one or more of our large clients terminate or significantly reduce their engagements or fail to remain a viable business, then our revenues could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, sizable receivable balances could be jeopardized if large clients fail to remain a going concern.
Risks Related to Management and Employees
The loss of key executives could adversely affect our business.
The success of our business is dependent upon the continued service of a relatively small group of key executives, including Mr. Connors, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Lavieri, Vice-Chairman and President - ISG Americas and Asia Pacific; Mr. Alfonso, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer; and Mr. Kucinski, Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, among others.
Although we currently intend to retain our existing management, we cannot assure that such individuals will remain with us for the immediate or foreseeable future. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of these executives could adversely affect our business.
We rely heavily on key members of our management team.
We are dependent on our management team. We grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”) from time to time to key employees and, in connection with such grants, require recipients to execute a restrictive covenant agreement. Vested and unvested RSUs will be forfeited upon any violation of the restrictive covenant agreement. We may not be able to retain these managers and may not be able to enforce the restrictive covenants. If we were to lose a number of key members of our management team and were unable to replace these people quickly, we could have difficulty maintaining our growth and certain key relationships with large clients and face competition from these former managers if the restrictive covenants are unenforceable.
We depend upon our ability to attract, retain and train skilled advisors and other professionals.
Our business involves the delivery of advisory and consulting services. Therefore, our continued success depends in large part upon our ability to attract, develop, motivate, retain and train skilled advisors and other professionals who have advanced information technology and business processing domain expertise, financial analysis skills, project management experience and other similar abilities. These advisors could resign and join one of our competitors or provide sourcing advisory services to our clients through their own ventures.
We must also recruit staff globally to support our services and products. We face competition for the limited pool of these qualified professionals from, among others, technology companies, market research firms, consulting firms, financial services companies and electronic and print media companies, some of which have a greater ability to attract and compensate these professionals. Some of the personnel that we attempt to hire may be subject to non-compete agreements that could impede our short-term recruitment efforts. Any failure to retain key personnel or hire and train additional qualified personnel as required supporting the evolving needs of clients or growth in our business could adversely affect the quality of our products and services, and our future business and operating results.
We may have agreements with certain clients that limit the ability of particular advisors to work on some engagements for a period of time.
We provide services primarily in connection with significant or complex sourcing transactions and other matters that provide potential competitive advantage and/or involve sensitive client information. Our engagement by a client occasionally precludes us from staffing certain advisors on new engagements with other clients because the advisors have received confidential information from a client who is a competitor of the new client. Furthermore, it is possible that our engagement by a client could preclude us from accepting engagements with such client’s competitors because of confidentiality concerns.
Macroeconomic Risks
Our international operations expose us to a variety of risks that could negatively impact our future revenue and growth.
Approximately 42% and 43% of our revenues for 2021 and 2020, respectively, were derived from sales outside of the Americas. Our operating results are subject to the risks inherent in international business activities, including:
● tariffs and trade barriers;
● regulations related to customs and import/export matters;
● restrictions on entry visas required for our advisors to travel and provide services;
● tax issues, such as tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the United States;
● cultural and language differences;
● an inadequate banking system;
● foreign exchange controls;
● restrictions on the repatriation of profits or payment of dividends;
● crime, strikes, riots, civil disturbances, pandemics, such as COVID-19, terrorist attacks and wars;
● nationalization or expropriation of property;
● law enforcement authorities and courts that are inexperienced in commercial matters; and
● deterioration of political relations with the United States.
Air travel, telecommunications and entry through international borders are all vital components of our business. If a pandemic, such as COVID-19, or terrorist attack were to occur, our business could be disproportionately impacted because of the disruption, including potential cancellation of ISG events.
Further, conducting business abroad subjects us to increased regulatory compliance and oversight. For example, in connection with our international operations, we are subject to laws prohibiting certain payments to governmental officials, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. A failure to comply with applicable regulations could result in regulatory enforcement actions as well as substantial civil and criminal penalties assessed against us and our employees.
We intend to continue to expand our global footprint in order to meet our clients’ needs. This may involve expanding into countries beyond those in which we currently operate. We may involve expanding into less developed countries, which may have less political, social or economic stability and less developed infrastructure and legal systems. As we expand our business into new countries, regulatory, personnel, technological and other difficulties may increase our expenses or delay our ability to start up operations or become profitable in such countries. This may affect our relationships with our clients and could have an adverse effect on our business.
We operate in a number of international areas which exposes us to significant foreign currency exchange rate risk.
We have significant international revenue, which is predominantly collected in local currency. It is expected that our international revenues will continue to grow as European and Asian markets adopt sourcing solutions. The translation of our revenues into U.S. dollars, as well as our costs of operating internationally, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Data, Cybersecurity and Confidential Information
Data protection laws and self-regulatory codes may restrict our activities and increase our costs.
Various statutes and rules regulate conduct in areas such as privacy and data protection which may affect our collection, use, storage and transfer of information both abroad and in the United States. Compliance with these laws and self-regulatory codes may require us to make certain investments or may dictate that we not offer certain types of services or only offer such services after making necessary modifications. Failure to comply with these laws and self-regulatory codes may result in, among other things, civil and criminal liability, negative publicity, restrictions on further use of data and/or liability under contractual warranties.
In addition, there is an increasing public concern regarding data and consumer protection issues, with the result that the number of jurisdictions with data protection laws continues to increase and the scope of existing privacy laws and the data considered to be covered by such laws is expanding. Changes in these laws (including newly released interpretations of these laws by courts and regulatory bodies) may limit our data access, use and disclosure, and may require increased expenditures by us or may dictate that we may not offer certain types of services.
The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) has extra-territorial scope and substantial fines for breaches (up to 4% of global annual revenue or €20 million, whichever is greater). Additionally, compliance with the GDPR is resulting in operational costs to implement new procedures corresponding to new legal rights granted under the law but has had little direct impact on ISG. ISG is continuing to monitor the development of the EU’s ePrivacy Regulation proposal and industry response and will determine whether to take further action, as needed, following its final adoption.
We are exposed to risks related to cybersecurity
A significant portion of our business is conducted over the internet and we rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential, sensitive, proprietary and other types of information relating to our business operations and confidential and sensitive information about its clients and employees in our computer systems and networks, and in those of our third-party vendors. Individuals, groups, and state-sponsored organizations may take steps that pose threats to our operations, our computer systems, our employees, and our clients. The cybersecurity risks we face range from cyberattacks common to most industries, such as the development and deployment of malicious software to gain access to our networks and attempt to steal confidential information, launch distributed denial of service attacks, or attempt other coordinated disruptions, to more advanced threats that target us because of our prominence in the global research and advisory field. Ransomware risk has increased significantly in recent years and presents a significant risk of financial extortion and loss of data. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of our employees continue to work remotely or on a hybrid basis, which magnifies the importance of the integrity of our remote access security measures.
We also face risk from our third-party suppliers if they are affected by cyber security incident, which could result in their loss of service (which could be a significant component of our services to clients), exposure of ISG or client data, or as a potential backdoor into ISG systems and network.
We may be subject to claims for substantial damages by our clients arising out of disruptions to their businesses or inadequate service and our insurance coverage may be inadequate.
Most of our service contracts with clients contain service level and performance requirements, including requirements relating to the quality of our services. Failure to consistently meet service requirements of a client or errors made by our employees in the course of delivering services to our clients could disrupt the client’s business and result in a reduction in revenues or a claim for damages against us. Additionally, we could incur liability if a process we manage for a client were to result in internal control failures or impair our client’s ability to comply with our own internal control requirements.
Under our service agreements with our clients, our liability for breach of our obligations is generally limited to actual damages suffered by the client and is typically capped at the greater of an agreed amount or the fees paid or payable to us under the relevant agreement. These limitations and caps on liability may be unenforceable or otherwise may not protect us from liability for damages. In addition, certain liabilities, such as claims of third parties for which we may be required to indemnify our clients or liability for breaches of confidentiality, are generally not limited under those agreements. Although we have general commercial liability insurance coverage, the coverage may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage or changes in our insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements) could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We could be liable to our clients for damages and subject to liability and our reputation could be damaged if our confidential information or client data is compromised.
We may be liable to our clients for damages caused by disclosure of confidential information. We are often required to collect and store sensitive or confidential client data in order to perform the services we provide under our contracts. Many of our contracts do not limit our potential liability for breaches of confidentiality. If any person, including any of our current or former employees, penetrates our network security or misappropriates sensitive data or if we do not adapt to changes in data protection legislation, we could be subject to significant liabilities to our clients or to our clients’ customers for breaching contractual confidentiality provisions or privacy laws. Also, we could face cyber-based attacks and attempts by hackers and similar unauthorized users to gain access to or corrupt our information technology systems in order to gain access to confidential information and client data. Such attacks could disrupt our business operations, cause us to incur unanticipated losses or expenses, and result in unauthorized disclosures of confidential or proprietary information. Although we seek to prevent, detect and investigate these network security incidents, and have taken steps to mitigate the likelihood of network security breaches, there can be no assurance that attacks by unauthorized users will not be attempted in the future or that our security measures will be effective. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client data, whether through breach of our processes, systems or otherwise, could also damage our reputation and cause us to lose existing and potential clients. We may also be subject to civil actions and criminal prosecution by government or government agencies for breaches relating to such data. Our insurance coverage for breaches or mismanagement of such data may not continue to be available on reasonable terms or in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims against us.
We could have liability, or our reputation could be damaged, if we fail to protect client and/or our data from security breaches or cyberattacks.
We are dependent on information technology networks and systems to securely process, transmit and store electronic information and to communicate among our locations around the world and with our people, clients, alliance partners and vendors. As the breadth and complexity of this infrastructure continues to grow, including as a result of the use of mobile technologies, social media and cloud-based services, the risk of security breaches and cyberattacks increases. Such breaches could lead to shutdowns or disruptions of or damage to our
systems and those of our clients, alliance partners and vendors, and unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential information, including personal data.
Client restrictions on the use of client data could adversely affect our activities.
The majority of the data we use to populate our databases comes from our client engagements. The insight sought by clients from us relates to the contractual data and terms, including pricing and costs, to which we have access in the course of assisting our clients in the negotiation of our sourcing agreements. Data is obtained through the course of our engagements with clients who agree to contractual provisions permitting us to consolidate and utilize on an aggregate basis such information. If we were unable to utilize key data from previous client engagements, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
General Risks
Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our business and the market price of our Common Stock.
Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, we are required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and provide a management report on our internal control over financial reporting in all annual reports. This report contains, among other matters, a statement as to whether or not our internal control over financial reporting is effective and the disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by management.
The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) provides a framework for companies to assess and improve their internal control systems. Auditing Standard No. 5 provides the professional standards and related performance guidance for auditors to attest to, and report on, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting under Section 404. Management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting requires management to make subjective judgments and, some of the judgments will be in areas that may be open to interpretation. Therefore, our management’s report on our internal control over financial reporting may be difficult to prepare, and our auditors may not agree with our management’s assessment.
While we currently believe our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we are required to comply with Section 404 on an annual basis. If, in the future, we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting during this continuous evaluation process, our management will be unable to assert such internal control is effective. Therefore, if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective in the future, or if our auditors are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control, our investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on our business and the market price of our Common Stock.
Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.
From time to time, we release guidance regarding our future performance that represents our management’s estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which consists of forward-looking statements, is prepared by our management and is qualified by, and subject to, the assumptions and the other information contained or referred to in the release. Our guidance is not prepared with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), and neither our independent registered public accounting firm nor any other independent expert or outside party compiles or examines the guidance and, accordingly, no such person expresses any opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. Guidance is based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, is inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. The principal reason that we release this data is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such persons. Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions of the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Actual results will vary from the guidance and the variations may be material. Investors should also recognize that the reliability of any forecasted financial data diminishes the farther in the future that the data is forecast. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged to put the guidance in context and not to place undue reliance on it. Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could result in the actual operating results being different than the guidance, and such differences may be adverse and material.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
We maintain our executive offices in Stamford, Connecticut. The lease on our executive offices covers approximately eighteen thousand square feet and expires on September 30, 2025. The majority of our business activities are performed on client sites or remotely. We do not own offices or properties. We have leased offices in the United States, Canada, Denmark, Switzerland, Netherlands, Finland, Australia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, in the normal course of business, we are a party to various legal proceedings. We are not aware of any asserted or unasserted legal proceedings or claims that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales price of our common stock, as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “III” for the periods shown:
Common Stock
Quarter Ending
High
Low
March 31, 2021
$
4.51
$
3.28
June 30, 2021
6.06
4.30
September 30, 2021
8.20
5.57
December 31, 2021
9.56
7.14
Common Stock
Quarter Ending
High
Low
March 31, 2020
$
3.70
$
1.62
June 30, 2020
2.69
1.72
September 30, 2020
2.34
2.00
December 31, 2020
3.28
2.03
On March 2, 2022, the last reported sale price for our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market was $7.54 per share.
As of December 31, 2021, there were 609 holders of record of ISG common stock. The actual number of stockholders is significantly greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.
Dividends to Shareholders
During the second quarter of 2021, ISG declared and paid its first quarterly dividend. We anticipate paying regular quarterly dividends each year. These dividends are anticipated to be funded through cash flow from operations, available cash on hand, and/or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Although we anticipate paying regular quarterly dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, the declaration, timing and amounts of any such dividends remain subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors. During the fiscal quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we paid dividends and dividend equivalents of $1.5 million and $4.4 million, respectively.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company has approximately $23.1 million in aggregate available under its share repurchase program as of December 31, 2021. The shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. The timing and the amount of any repurchases will be determined by the Company’s management based on its evaluation of market conditions, capital allocation alternatives, and other factors. There is no guarantee as to the number of shares that will be repurchased, and the repurchase program may be extended, suspended or discontinued at any time without notice at the Company’s discretion.
The following table details the repurchases that were made during the three months ended December 31, 2021.
Total Numbers of
Approximate Dollar
Securities
Value of Securities
Total Number of
Purchased
That May Yet Be
Securities
Average
as Part of Publicly
Purchased Under
Purchased
Price per
Announced Plan
The Plan
Period
(In thousands)
Securities
(In thousands)
(In thousands)
Oct 1 - Oct 31
$
7.27
$
25,980
Nov 1 - Nov 30
8.02
25,932
Dec 1 - Dec 31
7.92
23,057
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plan
The following table lists information regarding outstanding options and shares reserved for future issuance under our Amended and Restated 2007 Equity and Incentive Award Plan and our Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan as of December 31,
2021. We have not issued any shares of our common stock to employees as compensation under a plan that has not been approved by our stockholders.
Number of Shares of
Number of Shares of
Weighted
Common Stock
Common Stock to
Average
Remaining Available
be Issued upon
Exercise Price
for Future Issuance
Exercise of
of Outstanding
under our Stock Option
Outstanding
Options,
Plans (Excluding
Options, Warrants
Warrants and
Shares Reflected in
Plan Category
and Rights(1)
Rights(2)
Column (2)(3)
Approved by Stockholders
4,020,064
$
-
4,974,599
Not Approved by Stockholders
-
-
-
Total
4,020,064
$
-
4,974,599
(1)
Of the 4,020,064 shares listed in this column, none are stock options issued under the Amended and Restated 2007 Equity and Incentive Award Plan, 4,020,064 are restricted stock units issued under that Plan, and none are options issued during the current offering period under our Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
(2)
The weighted-average exercise price includes outstanding options and RSUs, treating RSUs as stock awards with an exercise price of zero.
(3)
Includes 1,038,513 shares available for future issuance under the Company’s Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Also includes 3,936,086 shares that were available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2007 Equity and Incentive Award Plan as options and SARs and also for restricted stock, restricted stock units or other awards that could provide to the grantee an opportunity to earn the full value of an underlying share (in other words, such earning opportunity is not limited to the appreciation in value of our stock following the grant of the award).

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future quarterly and annual revenues, operating income, results of operations and cash flows, as well as any forward-looking statement, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed or incorporated by reference in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Important factors that could cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in our forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: uncertainty of the magnitude, duration, geographic reach and impact on the global economy of the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to pay our debt; compliance with our credit agreements; risks associated with acquisitions or investments; integration of businesses we have acquired; worldwide economic conditions and credit tightening which could impact our operating results; less than anticipated growth rates in broadly defined business information services & advisory sector; the termination, delay, or reduction in scope to engagements with our clients; fluctuating operating results from factors outside of our control; a decrease in revenues from failure to secure new project-based advisory engagements; the inability to achieve or maintain adequate utilization for our consultants; the loss of money on our fixed-fee or capped fee contracts; contracts with contingent-based revenue may cause unusual variations in our operating results; our ability to maintain our existing services and products; the profitability from expanding our service offering; our ability to develop and offer the new services and products that we need to remain competitive; our potential failure to anticipate and respond to market trends; our ability to protect important intellectual property rights; our ability to face and compete with competition; a loss of key executives could adversely affect our business; our reliance on key members of our management team; the ability to attract, retain and train skilled advisory and other professionals; agreements with certain clients that limit the ability of particular advisors to work on some engagements for a period of time; the financial impact of losing one or more of our large clients; the exposure to international operations could negatively impact our future revenue and growth; data protection laws and self-regulatory codes may restrict our activities and increase our costs; our exposure to risks related to cybersecurity; our international operations expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk; we may be subject to claims for substantial damages by our clients arising out of disruptions to their businesses or inadequate service and our insurance coverage may be inadequate; we could be liable to our clients for damages and subject to liability and our reputation could be damaged if our confidential information or client data is compromised; failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our business and the market price of our Common Stock; client restrictions on the use of client data could adversely affect our activities; we may not be able to maintain the equity in our brand name; our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance; and other
risks and uncertainties. The potential fluctuations in our operating income could cause period-to-period comparisons of operating results not to be meaningful and could provide an unreliable indication of future operating results. A description of the risk factors associated with our business is included under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
ISG (Information Services Group) (Nasdaq: III) is a leading global technology research and advisory firm. A trusted business partner to over 800 clients, including more than 75 of the top 100 enterprises in our markets, ISG is committed to helping corporations, public sector organizations, and service and technology providers achieve operational excellence and faster growth. The firm specializes in digital transformation services, including automation, cloud and data analytics; sourcing advisory; managed governance and risk services; network carrier services; technology strategy and operations design; change management; market intelligence and technology research and analysis. Founded in 2006, and based in Stamford, Conn., ISG employs more than 1,300 digital-ready professionals operating in more than 20 countries-a global team known for its innovative thinking, market influence, deep industry and technology expertise, and world-class research and analytical capabilities based on the industry’s most comprehensive marketplace data. For more information, visit www.isg-one.com.
Our strategy is to strengthen our existing market position and develop new services and products to support future growth plans. As a result, we are focused on growing our existing service model, expanding geographically, developing new industry sectors, productizing market data assets, expanding our managed services offerings and growing via acquisitions. Although we do not expect any adverse conditions that will impact our ability to execute against our strategy over the next twelve months, the more significant factors that could limit our ability to grow in these areas include global macro-economic conditions and the impact on the overall sourcing market, competition, our ability to retain advisors and reductions in discretionary spending with our top client accounts or other significant client events. Other areas that could impact the business would also include natural disasters, pandemics, such as COVID-19, legislative and regulatory changes and capital market disruptions.
We principally derive revenues from fees for services generated on a project by project basis. Prior to the commencement of a project, we reach agreement with the client on rates for services based upon the scope of the project, staffing requirements and the level of client involvement. Revenues for services rendered are recognized on a time and materials basis or on a fixed fee or capped fee basis in accordance with accounting and disclosure requirements for revenue recognition.
Revenues for time and materials contracts are recognized based on the number of hours worked by our advisors at an agreed upon rate per hour and are recognized in the period in which services are performed. Revenues for time and materials contracts are billed monthly, semimonthly or in accordance with the specific contractual terms of each project.
We also derive our revenues from certain recurring revenue streams. These include such annuity-based ISG offerings as ISG GovernX, Research, Software as a Subscription (Automation licenses), ISG Inform and the multi-year Public Sector contracts. These offerings are characterized by subscriptions (i.e., renewal centric as opposed to project centric revenue streams) or, in some instances, multi-year contracts. Our digital services now span a volume of offerings and have become embedded as part of even our traditional transaction services. Digital enablement provides capabilities, digital insights and better engagement with clients and partners.
Our results are impacted principally by our full-time consultants’ utilization rate, the number of business days in each quarter and the number of our revenue-generating professionals who are available to work. Our utilization rate can be negatively affected by increased hiring because there is generally a transition period for new professionals that result in a temporary drop in our utilization rate. Our utilization rate can also be affected by seasonal variations in the demand for our services from our clients. The number of business workdays is also affected by the number of vacation days taken by our consultants and holidays in each quarter. We typically have fewer business workdays available in the fourth quarter of the year, which can impact revenues during that period. Time-and-expense engagements do not provide us with a high degree of predictability as to performance in future periods. Unexpected changes in the demand for our services can result in significant variations in utilization and revenues and present a challenge to optimal hiring and staffing. The volume of work performed for any particular client can vary widely from period to period.
CURRENT ENVIRONMENT
In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized the disease caused by the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") as a pandemic, and it continues to spread extensively throughout the United States and the rest of the world, particularly in recent months with the impact of the Omicron variant of the COVID-19 virus identified in the fourth quarter of 2021. The outbreak of COVID-19 and public and private sector measures to reduce its transmission, such as business closures and limits on operations, the adoption of social distancing measures and public and private mandates to work-from-home, stay-at-home and shelter-in-place, in particular in the early months of the pandemic, adversely impacted our business and demand for our services as some businesses adjusted, reduced or suspended operating activities, which negatively impacted the markets we serve and our results of operations, cash flows and financial position throughout 2020. In 2021, despite the economic and health impacts from the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants of the COVID-19 virus, we positively benefited from the effects of robust economic recovery in many of our principal markets as vaccination efforts took hold and the overall
public health situation improved in many markets. We continue to believe that our focus on our strategic strengths, which include talent, our ISG NEXT operating model, data management capabilities, and the relevance of our offerings, position us well to navigate a rapidly changing marketplace. The future course of the pandemic is unpredictable, and the extent of its impact on our business will vary depending on the duration and severity of the continuing economic and operational impacts of COVID-19. The impact of the variants identified in 2021 and the pace of improvements in health and economic conditions has not been uniform across all geographies and could be threatened by such factors as the continued spread of the Omicron or other variants to the COVID-19 virus and limitations on the effectiveness of mass vaccination and other public health efforts to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
At the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we responded swiftly in support of our people, our clients and our communities. To protect our employees, and to do our part in stopping the spread of COVID-19, within days, our entire global workforce had moved to a remote work environment. Prior to the rapid spread of the Omicron variant in the fourth quarter of 2021, a significant portion of our workforce had begun to return to the office at least part of the time, although much of our worldwide workforce continues to work from home. We recognized the importance of regular communication to reassure employees and to keep them updated on our plans as the pandemic continues to unfold. We continue to adjust our practices to facilitate the new working environments and take into account the need of many employees to work during non-traditional hours and juggle home lives and work responsibilities.
We believe we have had significant success in maintaining and continuing to advance the quality of our services notwithstanding extensive changes required by the pandemic. With respect to managing costs, we undertook multiple initiatives to align our expenses with changes in revenue. The steps we took in 2020 across the firm, included freezes on hiring and temporary labor, major cuts in non-essential spending, staff reductions and furloughs and salary reductions, including voluntary salary reductions for our senior corporate management team. Several of these actions were discontinued in 2021 as revenue growth returned.
In 2020, the Company also took restructuring actions to lower our operating expenses structurally and permanently relative to revenue and to accelerate the transformation of our business. Most of these actions were based on our experience and learning in the COVID-19 pandemic and a resulting review of our operations. Notably, we foresee a greater role for work-from-home in a hybrid office-home model to deliver and support our services in a post-COVID world.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ISG delivered its best year ever in 2021. Our success is reflected in our share price, as investors continue to take note of our performance. During 2021, our share price rose 133 percent. For the year, we increased shareholder value by more than $214 million and returned $21 million of capital to our shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases.
Our ISG NEXT operating model, introduced in the third quarter of 2020, really proved to be a game-changer in 2021. Our solution-centric approach is resonating with clients and allowing us to expand our relationships by offering more end-to-end solutions, supported by our ISG Research and ISG Platform businesses. We also have sharpened our focus on key industry segments, marshalling our vertical expertise with targeted industry solutions to capture more business in several sectors. And we are realizing the service and productivity benefits of our virtual ISG iFlex™ global delivery network, which allows us to support our clients as one firm, across borders and time zones, leveraging the tools and information found in our cloud-based ISG Workbench.
Our ISG Platform business, anchored by our ISG GovernX supplier management solution, continues to grow-in the breadth of its offerings, in the number of clients we serve, and in revenues. In 2021, we added new third-party risk management capabilities to GovernX, and continued to expand our other platform offerings. Our ISG Research business delivered double-digit revenue growth, fueled, in particular, by the expansion of our ISG Provider Lens™ provider evaluation research business, which doubled in size in 2021.
During 2021, we took steps toward building our capabilities in several areas that show great promise for the firm, including ISG Digital Engineering, ISG Cybersecurity, and ISG Enterprise Cloud, a new approach to the market aimed at partnering with hyperscalers to support client transitions to the public cloud.
We are proud of our efforts to advance our Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) agenda in areas including Inclusion, Diversity, Equity and Awareness (the IDEA team), Environmental Practices, Women in Digital and ISG Cares. Each of these have fostered greater awareness of social issues and enhanced our ability to make a positive impact in our firm and in the communities we serve.
As we look ahead to even greater success in 2022, we can look back on 2021 as a year of enormous accomplishment and success.
It was a year when we began to emerge from the worst of the pandemic, streamlined our operations and positioned ourselves for greater efficiency and growth. Under the umbrella of ISG NEXT, we simplified what we do, how we go to market and concentrated on the essence of how our clients benefit from ISG. As a result, we achieved record financial results and our investors rewarded us with a growing share price. Most importantly, we now have a solid foundation upon which to deliver robust growth in 2022 and in the years ahead.
ISG continues to have momentum in the marketplace and with our clients. Market demand for all things digital is at record highs, and there is no doubt we have the right people, the right solutions, and the right approach to help every client navigate the still-challenging passage to becoming a fully digital enterprise. Most every enterprise today is focused on continuous transformation: being nimble and agile to continuously adjust their operating models to rapidly changing technology and business conditions. This will create ongoing, sustainable demand for our advice, support, and services.
We are confident the best lies ahead for our firm and our clients as we power through the challenges of a rapidly changing world-and realize new levels of operational excellence and growth, together.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020
Revenues
Revenues are generally derived from fixed fee contracts as well as engagements priced on a time and materials basis, which are recorded based on actual time worked as the services are performed. In addition, we also earn revenues which are contingent on the attainment of certain contractual milestones. Revenues related to materials (mainly out-of-pocket expenses such as airfare, lodging and meals) required during an engagement generally do not include a profit mark up and can be charged and reimbursed separately or as part of the overall fee arrangement. Invoices are issued to clients monthly, semimonthly or in accordance with the specific contractual terms of each project.
We operate in one segment, fact-based sourcing advisory services. We operate principally in the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Our foreign operations are subject to local government regulations and to the uncertainties of the economic and political conditions of those areas, and the revenue for our foreign operations is predominantly invoiced and collected in local currency.
Geographical revenue information for the segment is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
Percent
Geographic Area
Change
Change
(in thousands)
Americas
$
160,181
$
141,227
$
18,954
%
Europe
90,256
87,131
3,125
%
Asia Pacific
27,395
20,770
6,625
%
Total revenues
$
277,832
$
249,128
$
28,704
%
Revenues increased by $28.7 million or approximately 12% in 2021. The increase in revenues in the Americas was primarily attributable to an increase in our Advisory and Research service lines, as our clients made investments in their digital infrastructure and spending levels rebounded from the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in revenues in Asia Pacific was primarily attributable to an increase in our Advisory service line, primarily in Australia. The increase in revenues in Europe was primarily attributable to an increase in our Research service line, primarily in Germany. The translation of foreign currency revenues into U.S. dollars positively impacted performance compared to the prior year in Europe and Asia Pacific.
Operating Expenses
The following table presents a breakdown of our operating expenses by functional category:
Years Ended December 31,
Percent
Operating Expenses
Change
Change
(in thousands)
Direct costs and expenses for advisors
$
168,475
$
149,878
$
18,597
%
Selling, general and administrative
78,759
83,785
(5,026)
(6)
%
Depreciation and amortization
5,331
6,196
(865)
(14)
%
Total operating expenses
$
252,565
$
239,859
$
12,706
%
Total operating expenses increased by $12.7 million, or approximately 5%, for 2021. The increase in operating expenses were due primarily to higher compensation expenses of $12.2 million and contract labor of $11.9 million. The cost increases were partially offset by lower travel and entertainment of $4.5 million, non-cash stock compensation of $2.4 million, restructuring costs of $1.4 million, bad debt
expense of $1.0 million, communications expense of $0.5 million, occupancy expenses of $0.4 million, and contingent consideration of $0.3 million, as well as general cost savings initiatives implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ISG NEXT operating model.
Compensation costs consist of a mix of fixed and variable salaries, annual bonuses, benefits and retirement plan contributions. Statutory and 401(k) plans are offered to employees as appropriate. Direct costs also include employee taxes, health insurance, workers compensation and disability insurance.
A portion of compensation expenses for certain billable employees are allocated between direct costs and selling, general and administrative costs based on relative time spent between billable and non-billable activities.
Selling costs consist principally of compensation expense related to business development, proposal preparation and delivery, and negotiation of new client contracts. Selling costs also include travel expenses relating to the pursuit of sales opportunities, expenses for hosting periodic client conferences, public relations activities, participation in industry conferences, industry relations, website maintenance and business intelligence activities. Additionally, we maintain a dedicated global marketing function responsible for developing and managing sales campaigns, brand promotion, the ISG Index and assembling client proposals.
We maintain a comprehensive program for training and professional development with the related costs included in SG&A. Related expenses include product training, updates on new service offerings or methodologies and development of client project management skills. Also included in training and professional development are expenses associated with the development, enhancement and maintenance of our proprietary methodologies and tools and the systems that support them.
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of executive management compensation, allocations of billable employee compensation related to general management activities, IT infrastructure, and costs for the finance, accounting, information technology and human resource functions. General and administrative costs also reflect continued investment associated with implementing and operating client and employee management systems. Because our billable personnel operate remotely or on client premises, all occupancy expenses are recorded as general and administrative.
Depreciation and amortization expense in 2021 and 2020 were $5.3 million and $6.2 million, respectively. The decrease of $0.9 million in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily due to intangible assets that were fully amortized in the prior year. Depreciation expense is generally computed by applying the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of assets. We also capitalize some costs associated with the purchase and development of internal-use software, system conversions and website development costs. These costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software or system.
We amortize our intangible assets (e.g., client relationships and databases) over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill related to acquisitions is not amortized but is subject to annual impairment testing.
Other Expense, Net
The following table presents a breakdown of other expense, net:
Years Ended December 31,
Percent
Other income (expense), net
Change
Change
(in thousands)
Interest income
$
$
$
(118)
(45)
%
Interest expense
(2,342)
(3,563)
1,221
%
Foreign currency gain (loss)
(98)
%
Total other income (expense), net
$
(2,156)
$
(3,401)
$
1,245
%
The total decrease of $1.2 million was primarily the result of lower interest expense attributable to our lower debt balance and lower interest rates.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate varies from period to period based on the mix of earnings among the various state and foreign tax jurisdictions in which business is conducted and the level of non-deductible expenses incurred in any given period. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was 32.8% compared to 53.1% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The variance between the US statutory rate of 21.0% for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily caused by the impact of higher tax rates applicable on company earnings in foreign jurisdictions and non-deductible expenses for tax purposes in the U.S.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL PRESENTATION
This management’s discussion and analysis presents supplemental measures of our performance that are derived from our consolidated financial information but are not presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We refer to these financial measures, which are considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under SEC rules, as adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, and adjusted earnings per diluted share, each as defined below. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for information about our use of these non-GAAP financial measures, including our reasons for including these measures and reconciliations of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
We use non-GAAP financial measures to supplement the financial information presented on a GAAP basis. We provide adjusted EBITDA (defined as net income, plus interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, foreign currency transaction gains/losses, non-cash stock compensation, change in contingent consideration, acquisition-related costs, severance, integration and other expense, and financing-related costs), adjusted net income (defined as net income, plus amortization of intangible assets, non-cash stock compensation, foreign currency transaction gains/losses, change in contingent consideration, acquisition-related costs, severance, integration and other expense, financing-related costs, and write-off of deferred financing costs on a tax-adjusted basis) and adjusted net income as earnings per diluted share, excluding the net of tax effect of the items set forth in the table below. These are non-GAAP measures that the Company believes provide useful information to both management and investors by excluding certain expenses and financial implications of foreign currency translations that management believes are not indicative of ISG’s core operations. These non-GAAP measures are used by the Company to evaluate the Company’s business strategies and management’s performance. These non-GAAP financial measures exclude non-cash and certain other special charges or credits that many investors believe may obscure the user’s overall understanding of the Company’s current financial performance and the Company’s prospects for the future. We believe that these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors because they improve the comparability of the financial results between periods and provide for greater transparency of key measures used to evaluate the Company’s performance.
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net income
$
15,529
$
2,755
Interest expense (net of interest income)
2,200
3,303
Income taxes
7,582
3,113
Depreciation and amortization
5,331
6,196
Change in contingent consideration
Acquisition-related costs (1)
Severance, integration and other expense
1,406
2,717
Financing-related costs
-
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss
(44)
Non-cash stock compensation
6,467
8,891
Adjusted EBITDA
$
38,812
$
28,340
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net income
$
15,529
$
2,755
Non-cash stock compensation
6,467
8,891
Intangible amortization
2,643
3,532
Change in contingent consideration
Acquisition-related costs (1)
Severance, integration and other expense
1,406
2,717
Financing-related costs
-
Write-off of deferred financing costs
-
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss
(44)
Tax effect (2)
(3,460)
(5,335)
Adjusted net income
$
22,882
$
14,092
Years Ended December 31,
Net income per diluted share
$
0.30
$
0.06
Non-cash stock compensation
0.12
0.18
Intangible amortization
0.05
0.07
Change in contingent consideration
0.00
0.01
Acquisition-related costs (1)
0.01
0.02
Severance, integration and other expense
0.03
0.05
Financing-related costs
-
0.00
Write-off of deferred financing costs
-
0.00
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss
0.00
0.00
Tax effect (2)
(0.07)
(0.11)
Adjusted net income per diluted share
$
0.44
$
0.28
________________________________________
(1)
Consists of expenses from acquisition-related costs and non-cash fair value adjustments on pre-acquisition contract liabilities.
(2)
Marginal tax rate of 32%, reflecting U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% plus 11% attributable to U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents and borrowings under our revolving line of credit. Operating assets and liabilities consist primarily of accounts receivable and contract assets, prepaid expense and other assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities, accrued expenses, and accrued payroll and related benefits. The volume of billings and timing of collections and payments affect these account balances.
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
$
41,942
$
43,971
Investing activities
(2,320)
(3,498)
Financing activities
(34,125)
(15,695)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
(1,713)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
3,784
$
25,584
As of December 31, 2021, our liquidity and capital resources included cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $47.6 million compared to $43.8 million as of December 31, 2020, a net increase of $3.8 million, which was primarily attributable to the following:
● our operating activities provided net cash of $41.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Net cash provided from operations was primarily attributable to $14.4 million provided by working capital and our net income after adjustments for non-cash charges of approximately $27.6 million. The change in working capital was primarily attributable to a $4.5 million increase in accounts payable, $5.5 million increase in accrued expenses, $1.9 million increase in contract liabilities, $2.6 million decrease in accounts receivable and contract assets, and a $0.2 million increase in prepaid expense and other assets;
● treasury share repurchases of $16.3 million;
● payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation of $7.1 million;
● cash dividends paid to shareholders of $4.4 million;
● principal payments on borrowings of $4.3 million;
● payment of contingent consideration of $2.6 million;
● capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment of $2.3 million; and
● proceeds from issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares of $0.6 million.
Capital Resources
The Company’s current outstanding debt, may limit our ability to fund general corporate requirements and obtain additional financing, impact our flexibility in responding to business opportunities and competitive developments and increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions.
On March 10, 2020, the Company amended and restated its senior secured credit facility to include a $86.0 million term facility and to increase the revolving commitments per the revolving facility (the “2020 Credit Agreement”) from $30.0 million to $54.0 million. The material terms under the 2020 Credit Agreement are as follows:
● Each of the term loan facility and revolving credit facility has a maturity date of March 10, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”).
● The credit facility is secured by all of the equity interests owned by the Company, and its direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and, subject to agreed exceptions, the Company’s direct and indirect “first-tier” foreign subsidiaries and a perfected first priority security interest in all of the Company’s and its direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries’ tangible and intangible assets.
● The Company’s direct and indirect existing and future wholly owned domestic subsidiaries serve as guarantors to the Company’s obligations under the senior secured facility.
● At the Company’s option, the credit facility bears interest at a rate per annum equal to either (i) the “Base Rate” (which is the highest of (a) the rate publicly announced from time to time by the administrative agent as its “prime rate”, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% per annum and (c) the Eurodollar Rate, plus 1.0%), plus the applicable margin (as defined below) or (ii) Eurodollar Rate (adjusted for maximum reserves) as determined by the Administrative Agent, plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin is adjusted quarterly based upon the Company’s quarterly leverage ratio.
● The term loan is repayable in nineteen consecutive quarterly installments of $1,075,000 each that commenced on June 30, 2020 and a final payment of the outstanding principal amount of the term loan on the Maturity Date.
● Mandatory repayments of term loans shall be required from (subject to agreed exceptions) (i) 100% of the proceeds from asset sales by the Company and its subsidiaries, (ii) 100% of the net proceeds from issuances of debt and equity by the Company and its subsidiaries and (iii) 100% of the net proceeds from insurance recovery and condemnation events of the Company and its subsidiaries.
● The senior secured credit facility contains a number of covenants that, among other things, place restrictions on matters customarily restricted in senior secured credit facilities, including restrictions on indebtedness (including guarantee obligations), liens, fundamental changes, sales or disposition of property or assets, investments (including loans, advances, guarantees and acquisitions), transactions with affiliates, dividends and other payments in respect of capital stock, optional payments and modifications of other material debt instruments, negative pledges and agreements restricting subsidiary distributions and changes in line of business. In addition, the Company is required to comply with a total leverage ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio.
● The senior secured credit facility contains customary events of default, including cross-default to other material agreements, judgment default and change of control.
The Company’s financial statements include outstanding borrowings of $74.5 million and $78.8 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which are carried at amortized cost. The fair value of debt is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company's outstanding borrowings is approximately $73.6 million and $77.7 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The fair values of debt have been estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the Company's incremental borrowing rate for similar borrowing arrangements. The incremental borrowing rate used to discount future cash flows is 2.0% and 2.5% for December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company also considered recent transactions of peer group companies for similar instruments with comparable terms and maturities as well as an analysis of current market conditions and interest rates. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no borrowings under the revolver.
We anticipate that our current cash and the ongoing cash flows from our operations will be adequate to meet our working capital, capital expenditure, and debt financing needs for at least the next twelve months. The anticipated cash needs of our business could change significantly if we pursue and complete additional business acquisitions, if our business plans change, if economic conditions change from those currently prevailing or from those now anticipated, or if other unexpected circumstances arise that may have a material effect on the cash flow or profitability of our business. If we require additional capital resources to grow our business, either internally or through acquisition, or maintain liquidity, we may seek to sell additional equity securities or to secure additional debt financing. The sale of additional equity securities or certain forms of debt financing could result in additional dilution to our stockholders. We may not be able to obtain financing arrangements in amounts or on terms acceptable to us in the future.
The Company has financial covenants underlying its debt which require a Debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio of 3.25. The Company is currently in compliance with its financial covenants.
Employee Retirement Plans
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we contributed $2.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, to the 401(k) plan (the “Savings Plan”) on a fully discretionary basis. These amounts were invested by the participants in a variety of investment options under an arrangement with a third-party asset manager. All current and future financial risks associated with the gains and losses on investments are borne by Savings Plan participants.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the appropriate application of certain accounting policies, many of which require management to make estimates and assumptions about future events and their impact on amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Since future events and their impact cannot be determined with certainty, the actual results may differ from estimates. Such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.
We believe the application of accounting policies, and the estimates inherently required therein, are reasonable. These accounting policies and estimates are periodically reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found the application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.
Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.” We have identified revenue recognition as a critical accounting estimate:
Revenue Recognition
We recognize our revenues by applying the following five steps: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s); and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the company satisfies the performance obligation(s).
We principally derive revenues from fees for services generated on a project by project basis. Prior to the commencement of a project, we reach agreement with the client on rates for services based upon the scope of the project, staffing requirements and the level of client involvement. It is our policy to obtain written agreements from clients prior to performing services or when evidence of enforceable rights and obligations is obtained. In these agreements, the clients acknowledge that they will pay based upon the amount of time spent on the project or an agreed upon fee structure.
Revenues for time and materials contracts, which may include capped fees or “not-to-exceed” clauses, are recognized based on the number of hours worked by our advisors at an agreed upon rate per hour and are recognized in the period in which services are performed. Revenues for time and materials contracts are billed monthly, semimonthly or in accordance with the specific contractual terms of each project. For contracts with capped fees or not-to-exceed clauses, we monitor our performance and fees billed to ensure that revenue is not recognized in excess of the contractually capped fee.
Revenues related to fixed fee contracts are recognized as value is delivered to the customer, consistent with the transfer of control to the customer over time. Revenue for these contracts is recognized proportionally over the term of the contract using an input method based on the proportion of labor hours incurred as compared to the total estimated labor hours for the fixed fee contract performance obligations, which we consider the best available indicator of the pattern and timing in which contract performance obligations are fulfilled and control transfers to the customer. This percentage is multiplied by the contracted dollar amount of the project to determine the amount of revenue to recognize in an accounting period. The contracted amount used in this calculation typically excludes the amount the client pays for reimbursable expenses. There are situations where the number of hours to complete projects may exceed our original estimate as a result of an increase in project scope or unforeseen events. The results of any revisions in these estimates are reflected in the period in which they become known.
For managed service implementation contracts, revenue is recognized over time as a percentage of hours incurred to date as compared to the total expected hours of the implementation, consistent with the transfer of control to the customer. For ongoing managed services contract, revenue is recognized over time, consistent with the weekly or monthly fee specified within such arrangements.
We also derive revenues based on negotiating reductions in network and software costs of companies with the entity’s related service providers and providing other services such as audits of network and communication expenses, and consultation for network architecture. These contracts can be fixed in fees or can be based on the level of savings achieved related to its communications costs. Additionally, these contracts can also have a fixed component and a contingent component that is based on the savings generated by the
Company. For network and software contingency contracts with termination for convenience clauses, revenue is recognized over time due to the existence of provisions for payment for progress incurred to date plus a reasonable profit margin. The contract periods range from a few months to in excess of a year.
We also enter into arrangements for the sale of automation software licenses and related delivery of consulting or implementation services at the same time or within close proximity to one another. Such software-related performance obligations include the sale of on-premise software and software-as-a-service licenses, as well as other software-related services. Revenue associated with the software performance obligation is primarily recognized at the point at which the software is installed or access is granted, while revenue associated with the implementation service performance obligation is recognized over the software implementation period as a percentage of hours incurred to date as compared to the total expected hours.
Revenue associated with events is recognized at the point of time at which the event occurs and is primarily comprised of sponsorships. Conversely, revenue associated with research subscriptions is recognized over time, as the customer accesses our data or related platforms. In addition, we sell research products for which the revenue is recognized at a point in time upon delivery to the client.
The agreements entered into in connection with a project typically allow our clients to terminate early due to breach or for convenience with 30 days’ notice. In the event of termination, the client is contractually required to pay for all time, materials and expenses incurred by us through the effective date of the termination. In addition, from time to time, we enter into agreements with clients that limit our right to enter into business relationships with specific competitors of that client for a specific time period. These provisions typically prohibit us from performing a defined range of services that we might otherwise be willing to perform for potential clients. These provisions are generally limited to six to twelve months and usually apply only to specific employees or the specific project team.
When we recognize revenues in advance of billing, those revenues are recorded as contract assets. When we invoice in advance of completing services or earning revenues, those amounts are recorded as contract liabilities.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Reference is made to our financial statements beginning on page of this report.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2021, as required by the Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2021.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, as required by Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on its evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
Our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, no controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur, and no evaluation of any such controls can provide absolute assurance that control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected.
These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls’ effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies and procedures.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
(a)
Identification of Directors and Executive Officers.
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the sections of our Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Management.”
(b)
Code of Ethics.
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the sections of our Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Corporate Governance.”
(c)
Nominating Committee, Audit Committee, Audit Committee Financial Expert.
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the sections of our Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Corporate Governance.”

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the sections of our Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Corporate Governance,” “Executive Compensation,” “Summary Compensation Table” and “Outstanding Equity Awards At 2021 Fiscal Year End.”

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the sections of our Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners.”

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the sections in our Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders under the caption “Corporate Governance.”

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required hereunder is incorporated by reference from the sections in our Proxy Statement filed in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders under the caption “Proposal No. 2 Ratification of Engagement of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule
(a)(1) Documents filed as a part of this report:
Financial Statements of Information Services Group, Inc.:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020
G-1
(a)(3) Exhibits:
We hereby file as part of this Annual Report on Form 10−K the Exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index.