EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 278166
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 278166_10-K_2021_0000278166-21-000029.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Cavco Industries, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed on June 30, 2003, as a successor corporation to previous Cavco entities operating since 1965. Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, we design and produce factory-built homes primarily distributed through a network of independent and Company-owned retailers, planned community operators and residential developers. We are one of the largest producers of manufactured homes in the United States, based on reported wholesale shipments, marketed under a variety of brand names including Cavco, Fleetwood, Palm Harbor, Fairmont, Friendship, Chariot Eagle and Destiny. We are also a leading producer of park model RVs, vacation cabins and factory-built commercial structures, as well as modular homes built primarily under the Nationwide Homes brand. Our finance subsidiary, CountryPlace Acceptance Corp. ("CountryPlace"), is an approved Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA" or "Fannie Mae") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC" or "Freddie Mac") seller/servicer, and a Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA" or "Ginnie Mae") mortgage-backed securities issuer that offers conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and home-only loans to purchasers of factory-built homes. Our insurance subsidiary, Standard Casualty Co. ("Standard Casualty"), provides property and casualty insurance primarily to owners of manufactured homes. The terms "Cavco," "us," "we," "our," the "Company," and any other similar terms refer to Cavco Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report").
We construct homes using an assembly-line process in which each module or floor section is completed in stages. This assembly-line process is designed to be flexible in order to accommodate customer requested customizations. Our operations include 20 homebuilding production lines located in the Northwest, Southwest, South, Southeast, Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions and we distribute our homes through 40 Company-owned U.S. retail stores and a network of independent distribution points in 43 states and Canada. Thirty-two Company-owned retail stores are located in Texas.
CountryPlace originates and services single-family, conforming and non-confirming residential mortgages and home-only loans, for itself and others. CountryPlace is authorized by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") to directly endorse Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") Title I and Title II mortgage insurance, is an approved lender with the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs ("VA") and the U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA") under its Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, is approved by GNMA to issue GNMA-insured mortgage-backed securities and is authorized to sell mortgages to, and service mortgages for, FNMA and FHLMC. A conforming mortgage or loan is one that conforms to the guidelines of a Government-Sponsored Enterprise ("GSE"), such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or a government agency, such as FHA; a non-conforming mortgage or loan does not conform to these guidelines. For further information relating to consumer loans receivable, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Standard Casualty, located in Texas, specializes in homeowner property and casualty insurance products for the manufactured housing industry and holds insurance licenses in multiple states, primarily serving the Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Nevada markets. In addition to writing direct policies, Standard Casualty assumes and cedes reinsurance in the ordinary course of business (see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Our operations are generally managed on a decentralized basis with oversight from the home office. This decentralization enables our operators the flexibility to adapt to local market demand, be more customer focused and have the autonomy to make swift decisions, while still being held accountable for operational and financial performance.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus COVID-19 ("COVID-19") a global pandemic. As our business was considered essential, we continued to operate substantially all of our homebuilding and retail sales facilities while working to follow COVID-19 health guidelines. We minimized exposure and transmission risks by implementing enhanced facility cleaning, social distancing and related protocols while continuing to serve our customers. Operational efficiencies have declined due to managing higher and largely unpredictable factory employee absenteeism, hiring challenges and building material supply shortages. Accordingly, our factory capacity utilization rate fluctuated during the fiscal year and was at approximately 75% during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2021, lower than pre-pandemic levels of more than 80%.
Company-owned, and most independently owned, retail stores remained open for business since the onset of the pandemic, and sales order activity was exceptionally strong during most of fiscal year 2021. Home sales order rates during the second and third fiscal quarters were nearly 65% higher than the comparable prior year quarters, and nearly 50% higher for the fourth quarter. This increased order volume is the result of more well-qualified home buyers making purchase decisions, supported by reduced home loan interest rates. The increase in orders outpaced production and raised our home order backlog at April 3, 2021 to approximately $603 million in wholesale sales values, up $479 million from $124 million one year earlier.
The financial services segment also maintained operations since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, largely through the implementation of work-from-home solutions. In addition to accepting and processing new applications for home loans and insurance policies, the financial services operations continue to assist customers in need by servicing existing loans and insurance policies while complying with state and federal regulations regarding loan forbearance, home foreclosures and policy cancellations.
It is difficult to predict the future impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on housing demand, employee availability, our supply chain or the Company's performance and operations. We continue to focus on developing production growth opportunities by working to improve our production capabilities and processes and adjusting product offerings. We strive to balance the production levels and workforce size with the demand for our product offerings to maximize efficiencies. Maintaining an appropriately sized and well-trained workforce is key to increasing production to meet increased demand, and we face a major challenge in overcoming labor-related difficulties in the COVID-19 environment. However, we are continually reviewing wage rates of our production employees and have established other monetary incentive and benefit programs to ensure competitive compensation. We are also working to more extensively use online recruiting tools, update our recruitment brochures and improve the appearance and appeal of our manufacturing facilities to improve the recruitment and retention of qualified production employees and reduce annualized turnover rates.
See Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for financial information regarding the Company's business segments, factory-built housing and financial services, which are also discussed below.
Business Strategies
Our marketing efforts are focused on providing manufactured homes that are customizable and appeal to a wide range of home buyers, on a regional basis, in the markets we serve. The primary demographics for our products are entry-level and move-up buyers and persons age 55 and older. We also market to special niches such as subdivision developers and vacation home buyers.
We focus on developing and maintaining the resources necessary to meet our customer's desire for varied and unique specifications in an efficient factory production environment. This enables us to attract distributors and consumers who desire the flexibility the custom home building process provides but who also seek the value and affordability created by building a home on a factory production line.
We strive to maintain a competitive advantage by reacting quickly to changes in the marketplace and to the specific needs of our distributors and consumers. We build homes of superior quality, offer innovative designs and floor plans, demonstrate exceptional value, provide the engineering and technical resources to enable custom home building and focus on responsive and efficient customer service after the sale.
We strategically expanded our factory operations and related business initiatives primarily through the acquisition of other industry participants, which has enabled us to participate in the affordable housing space on a national basis.
Products
A majority of our products are constructed in accordance with the National Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards promulgated by HUD ("HUD code"). We also build park model RVs, constructed to standards approved by the American National Standards Institute, a private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates a voluntary standardization and conformity program. Park model RVs are less than 400 square feet in size, primarily used as vacation dwellings and seasonal living, and placed in planned communities, recreational home parks and resorts. We also produce a wide variety of modular homes, which include single and multi-section ranch, split-level and Cape Cod style homes, as well as two and three story homes, multi-family units, and commercial modular structures, including apartment buildings, condominiums, hotels, workforce housing, schools and housing for U.S. military troops (e.g., barracks). Commercial buildings are constructed in the same facilities in which the residential homes are built using similar assembly line processes and techniques. These commercial projects are generally engineered to the purchaser's specifications. The buildings are transported to the customer's site in the same manner as residential homes and are often set by crane and finished at the site.
We produce residential homes in a variety of floor plans. Most of these homes are single-story and generally range in size from approximately 500 to 3,300 square feet, but may be larger in the case of multi-level modular homes. In fiscal years 2021 and 2020, we sold 14,214 and 15,100 factory-built homes, respectively.
Each home typically contains a living room, dining area, kitchen, one to five bedrooms and one or more bathrooms, is equipped with central heat and hot water systems, kitchen appliances, floor coverings and window treatments. Upgrades can include fireplaces, central air conditioning, tile roofs, high ceilings, skylights, hardwood floors, custom cabinetry, granite countertops and eco-friendly elements. We also offer a variety of structural and decorative customizations to meet the home buyer's specifications. With manufacturing facilities strategically positioned across the nation, we utilize local market research to design homes to meet the demands of our customers. We have the ability to react and modify floor plans and designs to consumers' specific needs. By offering a full range of homes from entry-level models to large custom homes and with the ability to engineer designs in-house, we can accommodate a wide spectrum of customer requests.
We regularly introduce new floor plans and options to appeal to changing trends in different regions of the country. We have developed engineering systems that, through the use of computer-aided technology, permit customization of homes and assist with product development and enhancement. We work with a variety of partners to meet the expanding range of housing needs, including a home buyer's private land, planned neighborhoods, recreational or resort properties and workforce accommodations for agriculture and industry.
We employ a concerted effort to identify niche market opportunities where our diverse product lines and custom building capabilities provide us with a competitive advantage. We are focused on building quality, energy efficient homes for the modern home buyer. Our green building initiatives involve the creation of an energy efficient envelope, including higher utilization of renewable materials. These homes provide environmentally-friendly maintenance requirements, typically lower utility costs, specially designed ventilation systems and sustainability. We also build homes designed to use alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind. From bamboo flooring and tankless water heaters to solar-powered homes, our products are diverse and tailored to a wide range of consumer interests.
Once a factory-built home is built at our facilities, it is then generally transported by independent trucking companies either to a retail sales center, planned community, housing development, work site or the home buyer's site. Distributors or other independent installers are responsible for placing the home on site and, in most instances, arranging for connections to utilities and providing installation and finish-out services. Although manufactured homes are designed to be transportable, cost considerations result in very few being moved from their original site after installation.
Factory-built Housing Segment
Manufacturing Operations. Our manufacturing facilities employ from 100 to 350 employees each. Most homes are constructed in one or more floor sections or modules on a permanently affixed steel or wood support chassis. Each section is assembled in stages beginning with the construction of the chassis, followed by the addition of other constructed and purchased components, and ending with a final quality control inspection. The efficiency of the assembly-line process and the benefits of constructing homes in a controlled factory environment enables us to produce quality homes in less time and at a lower cost per square foot than building homes on individual sites.
We operate 20 homebuilding production lines in Millersburg and Woodburn, Oregon; Nampa, Idaho; Riverside, California; Phoenix and Goodyear, Arizona; Austin, Fort Worth, Seguin and Waco, Texas; Montevideo, Minnesota; Nappanee, Indiana; Lafayette, Tennessee; Martinsville and Rocky Mount, Virginia; Douglas and Moultrie, Georgia; and Ocala and Plant City, Florida. These manufacturing facilities range from approximately 79,000 to 341,000 square feet of floor space. The production schedules for our manufacturing facilities are based on wholesale orders received from independent and Company-owned retailers, planned community operators and residential developers. Our facilities are structured to operate on a one shift per day, five days per week basis, and a typical home is completed in approximately six production days.
Manufactured housing is a regional business and the primary geographic market for a typical manufacturing facility is within a cost effective shipping radius of 350 miles. Each of our manufacturing facilities serve multiple distributors and a number of one-time purchasers. Because homes are produced to fill existing wholesale orders, our factories generally do not carry finished goods inventories, except for homes awaiting delivery. Materials used in homebuilding operations are mainly standard items carried by major suppliers and consist of wood, wood products, steel, gypsum wallboard, windows, doors, fiberglass insulation, carpet, vinyl, fasteners, plumbing materials, aluminum, appliances and electrical items. Fluctuations in the cost of materials and labor may affect gross margins from home sales to the extent that costs cannot be efficiently matched to the home sales price. From time to time and to varying degrees, we may experience shortages in the availability of materials and/or labor in the markets served. These shortages may result in extended order backlogs, delays in the delivery of homes, and reduced gross margins from home sales. As described in more detail elsewhere in this Annual Report, impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to such disruptions.
Sales order backlogs increased to $603 million at April 3, 2021, up $479 million compared to $124 million at March 28, 2020. Distributors may cancel orders prior to production without penalty. After production of a particular home has commenced, the order becomes non-cancelable and the distributor is obligated to take delivery of the home. Accordingly, until production of a particular home has commenced, we do not consider order backlog to be firm orders.
Distribution. We sold 14,214, 15,100 and 14,389 factory-built homes in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, through Company-owned and independent distribution channels.
As of April 3, 2021, there were a total of 40 Company-owned retail stores, located in Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and Florida. Thirty-two of the Company-owned retail stores are located in Texas. Company-owned retail stores are generally located on main roads or highways with high visibility, each having a sales office, which is generally a factory-built structure, and a variety of model homes of various sizes, floor plans, features and prices. Customers most often custom order a home to be built at one of our manufacturing facilities, or they may purchase a home from the inventory of homes maintained at retail locations, including a model home. Model homes may be displayed in a residential setting with sidewalks and landscaping. Each sales center usually employs a manager and one to five salespersons, who are compensated through a combination of salary and commission. We internally finance home inventories at Company-owned retail stores.
As of April 3, 2021, we had a network of independent distributors, of which 13% were in Arizona, 9% in Texas, 8% each in California and Florida, 7% in Oregon, 6% in Georgia and 5% each in North Carolina and Washington, based on the quantity of wholesale shipments during fiscal year 2021. The remaining 39% were in 35 other states and Canada. As is common in the industry, our independent distributors typically sell homes produced by other manufacturers in addition to those we produce. Some independent distributors operate multiple sales outlets. No independent distributor accounted for 10% or more of factory-built housing revenue during any fiscal year within the three-year period ended April 3, 2021.
We continually seek to increase wholesale shipments by growing sales at existing independent distributors and by identifying new independent distributors to sell our homes. We provide comprehensive sales and product training, either physically or virtually, to independent retail sales associates, including providing opportunities to visit our manufacturing facilities to discuss and view new product designs as they are developed. These training seminars facilitate the sale of our homes by increasing the skill and knowledge of the retail sales consultants. In addition, we display our products at trade shows and support our distributors through the distribution of floor plan literature, brochures, decor selection displays, point of sale promotional material and internet-based marketing assistance.
Independent distributors frequently finance a portion of their home purchases through wholesale floor plan financing arrangements. In most cases, we receive a deposit or a commitment from the distributor's lender for each home ordered. We then manufacture the home and ship it at the distributor's expense. Payment is due from the lender upon shipment of the product. For a description of wholesale floor plan financing arrangements used by independent distributors and our obligations in connection with these arrangements, see "Company Provided Financing -Commercial Financing" below.
Warranties. We provide the retail home buyer a one-year limited warranty covering defects in material or workmanship in home structure, plumbing and electrical systems. Nonstructural components of a cosmetic nature are warranted for 120 days, except in specific cases where state laws require longer warranty terms. The warranty does not extend to installation and setup of the home, as the distributor is generally responsible for these activities. Appliances, floor coverings, roofing and certain other components are warranted by their original manufacturer for various lengths of time.
Financial Services Segment
Finance. We provide a source of retail home buyer financing on competitive terms through our subsidiary, CountryPlace. We offer conforming and non-conforming mortgages and home-only loans to purchasers of numerous brands of factory-built homes sold by Company-owned retail stores including certain independent distributors, builders, communities and developers. We are authorized to directly endorse FHA Title I and Title II mortgage insurance, are an approved lender with the VA and the USDA under its Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, are approved to issue GNMA-insured mortgage-backed securities and are authorized to sell mortgages to, and service mortgages for, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Most loans originated by us are sold to investors, and we provide various loan servicing functions for non-affiliated entities under contract.
The loan contracts are fixed and step rate and have monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest. The scheduled payments for each contract would, if made on their respective due dates, result in a full amortization of the contract. Loan contracts secured by collateral that is geographically concentrated could experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and foreclosure losses than loan contracts secured by collateral that is more geographically dispersed. Our loan contracts are secured by factory-built homes located in 26 states, with the largest concentrations in Texas, Florida, Arizona, Oklahoma and New Mexico. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional geographic concentration information.
With respect to the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic, we are complying with all state and federal regulations regarding loan forbearance and home foreclosures. See further details in the "Government Regulation" section below. We initially increased our loan loss reserves and continue to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves as economic conditions change.
Certain loans serviced for investors expose us to cash flow deficits if customers do not make contractual monthly payments of principal and interest in a timely manner. For certain loans serviced for Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac, and home-only loans serviced for certain other investors, we must remit scheduled monthly principal and/or interest payments and principal curtailments regardless of whether monthly mortgage payments are collected from borrowers. Ginnie Mae permits cash obligations on loans in forbearance from COVID-19 to be offset by other incoming cash flows from loans such as loan pre-payments. Through fiscal year 2021, monthly collections of principal and interest from borrowers have exceeded scheduled principal and interest payments owed to investors; however, mandatory extended forbearance under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") and certain other regulations related to COVID-19 could negatively impact cash obligations in the future.
We believe that providing financing alternatives improves our responsiveness to the financing needs of prospective home buyers and presents opportunities for additional sources of loan origination and servicing revenues. We have expanded our home-only lending programs in recent years, partially with the support of independent third-party financiers. Home-only loans originated are either sold outright, grouped and sold as a pool of loans, or held for investment.
Insurance. Standard Casualty, located in Texas, specializes in homeowner property and casualty insurance products for the manufactured housing industry and holds insurance licenses in multiple states, primarily serving the Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Nevada markets. In addition to writing direct policies, we assume and cede reinsurance in the ordinary course of business. In Texas, policies are written through one affiliated managing general agent, which produces all premiums, and through local agents, most of which are manufactured home distributors. All business outside the state of Texas is written on a direct basis through local agents.
Company Provided Financing
Consumer Financing. Sales of factory-built homes are significantly affected by the availability and cost of consumer financing. There are three basic types of consumer financing in the factory-built housing industry: conforming mortgage loans which comply with the requirements of FHA, VA, USDA or GSE loans; non-conforming mortgages for purchasers of the home and the land on which the home is placed; and personal property loans (often referred to as home-only or chattel loans) for consumers where the home is the sole collateral for the loan (generally HUD code homes).
Restrictive underwriting guidelines and higher interest rates compared to mortgages for site-built homes, a limited number of institutions lending to manufactured home buyers and limited secondary market availability for non-conforming mortgages and home-only personal property loans secured by manufactured homes continue to constrain industry growth. We work directly with other industry participants to develop secondary market opportunities for manufactured home-only loan portfolios and expand lending availability in the industry. Additionally, we continue to invest in community-based lending initiatives that provide home-only financing to new residents of certain manufactured home communities. We also develop and invest in home-only lending programs to grow sales of homes through traditional distribution points. We believe that growing our investment and participation in home-only lending may provide additional sales growth opportunities for our factory-built housing operations and reduce our exposure to the actions of independent lenders.
We also work with industry trade associations to encourage favorable legislative and GSE action to address the mortgage financing needs of buyers of affordable homes. Federal law requires GSEs to implement the "Duty to Serve" requirements specified in the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. In December 2017, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac released their final Underserved Markets Plans that describe, with specificity, the actions they would take over a three-year period to fulfill the "Duty to Serve" obligation. These plans became effective on January 1, 2018. On January 5, 2021, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the GSE regulator, announced that it had issued "Non-Objections" to modified plans which are extended through 2021. The plans offered enhanced mortgage loan products for manufactured homes titled as real property through Fannie Mae's "MH Advantage" and Freddie Mac's "ChoiceHome" programs that began in the latter part of calendar year 2018. Although some progress has been made with these programs, meaningful positive impact in the form of increased home orders has yet to be realized. Small-scale pilot programs included in the plans for the purchase of home-only loans have not occurred. Public input into the GSE’s proposed 2022-2024 Underserved Markets Plans is scheduled for summer 2021. Expansion of the secondary market for home-only loans through GSEs could support further demand for housing as lending options would likely become more available to home buyers.
Commercial Financing. Certain of our wholesale factory-built housing sales to independent distributors are purchased through wholesale floor plan financing arrangements. Under a typical floor plan financing arrangement, an independent financial institution specializing in this line of business provides the distributor with a loan for the purchase price of the home and maintains a security interest in the home as collateral. The financial institution customarily requires Cavco, as the manufacturer of the home, to enter into a separate repurchase agreement with the financial institution that, upon default by the distributor and under certain other circumstances, obligates us to repurchase the financed home at declining prices over the term of the repurchase agreement (which, in most cases, is 18 to 24 months). The price at which we may be obligated to repurchase a home under these agreements is based upon the amount financed, plus certain administrative and shipping expenses. Our obligation under these repurchase agreements ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The maximum amount of contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $74.2 million and $79.3 million as of April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020, respectively. The risk of loss under these agreements is spread over many distributors and is further reduced by the resale value of the homes that we obtain upon the execution of a repurchase.
We continue to make certain commercial loan programs available to members of our wholesale distribution chain. Under our commercial loan arrangements, we provide funds for financed home purchases by distributors, community owners and developers as well as provide loans to independent floor plan lenders that then lend to distributors to finance their inventory purchases (see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Our involvement in commercial loans helps to increase the availability of manufactured home financing to distributors, community owners and developers and provides additional opportunity for product exposure to potential home buyers. While these initiatives support our ongoing efforts to expand product distribution, they do expose us to risks associated with the creditworthiness of this customer base and our inventory financing partners. We have included considerations related to the COVID-19 pandemic when assessing the risks of loan loss and setting reserve amounts for the commercial finance portfolio.
Industry Overview
General. Manufactured housing provides an alternative to other forms of new low-cost housing such as site-built housing and condominiums, and to existing housing such as pre-owned homes and apartments. According to statistics published by the Institute for Building Technology and Safety and the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, for the 2020 calendar year, manufactured housing wholesale shipments of homes constructed in accordance with the HUD code accounted for an estimated 10.3% of all new single-family homes sold.
According to data reported by the Manufactured Housing Institute, approximately 94,000 HUD code manufactured homes were shipped during calendar year 2020, compared to the 95,000 shipped during calendar year 2019 and 97,000 shipments in 2018. Prior to 2019, annual shipments had increased each year since calendar year 2009 when 50,000 HUD code manufactured homes were shipped, the lowest level since the industry began recording statistics in 1959.
Home Buyer Demographics. We believe the sector of the housing market in which manufactured housing is most competitive includes consumers from diverse backgrounds with household incomes under $40,000. This segment has a high representation of persons age 55 and older, as well as young single persons and young married couples. The low cost of a fully-equipped manufactured home compared to a site-built alternative is attractive to these consumers. Persons in rural areas and those who presently live in manufactured homes also make up a significant portion of the demand for new manufactured housing. Innovative engineering and design, as well as efficient production techniques, continue to position manufactured homes to meet the demand for affordable housing in rural markets and manufactured housing communities. The markets for affordable factory-built housing are very competitive, as well as cyclical and seasonal. The industry is sensitive to employment levels, consumer confidence, the availability of financing and general economic conditions.
"First-time" and "move-up" buyers of affordable homes are historically among the largest segments of new manufactured home purchasers. Included in this group are lower-income households that are particularly affected by periods of low employment rates and underemployment. Consumer confidence is especially important among manufactured home buyers interested in our products for seasonal or retirement living.
The two largest manufactured housing consumer demographics, young adults and those who are age 55 and older, are both growing. The U.S. adult population is estimated to expand by approximately 9.2 million between 2021 and 2026. Young adults born from 1976 to 1995, often referred to as Gen Y or Millennials, represent a large segment of the population who are generally first-time home buyers attracted by the affordability, diversity and location flexibility of factory-built homes. The age 55 and older category is reported to be the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. This group is similarly interested in the value proposition; however, they are also motivated by the energy efficiency and low maintenance requirements of factory-built homes, and by the lifestyle offered by planned communities that are specifically designed for homeowners that fall into this age group.
Competition
The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive at both the wholesale and retail levels, with competition based on several factors including price, product features, reputation for service and quality, depth of distribution, promotion, merchandising and the terms of retail customer financing. We compete with more than 30 other producers of manufactured homes, as well as with new and existing apartments, townhouses and condominiums and site-built homes.
There are a number of other national manufacturers competing for a significant share of the manufactured housing market in the United States, including Clayton Homes, Inc. and Skyline Champion Corporation, which may possess greater financial, manufacturing, distribution and marketing resources than us.
There are significant competitors to CountryPlace in the markets served. These competitors include national, regional and local banks, mortgage banks and independent finance companies such as: 21st Mortgage Corporation, an affiliate of Clayton Homes, Inc. and Berkshire Hathaway, Inc.; Triad Financial Services, Inc.; and Cascade Financial Services. Certain of these competitors are larger than CountryPlace and have access to substantially more capital and cost efficiencies. CountryPlace remains competitive in breadth of loan product offerings, interest rates, customer service and loan servicing capabilities.
The market for homeowners' insurance is highly competitive as well. Standard Casualty competes principally in property and casualty insurance for owners of manufactured homes with companies such as National Lloyds and American Modern Insurance, which may be larger and offer broader types of insurance allowing them to be more aggressive in their underwriting standards. Standard Casualty remains competitive in price, breadth of product offerings, product features, customer service, claim handling and use of technology.
Government Regulation
Our manufactured homes are subject to a number of federal, state and local laws, codes and regulations. Construction of manufactured housing is governed by the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, as amended, also referred to as the Home Construction Act. In 1976, HUD issued regulations under the Home Construction Act establishing comprehensive national construction standards. In 1994, the codes were amended and expanded to, among other things, address specific requirements for homes destined for geographic areas subject to severe weather conditions. The HUD regulations, known collectively as the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, cover all aspects of manufactured home construction, including structural integrity, fire safety, wind loads, thermal protection and ventilation. Such regulations preempt conflicting state and local regulations on such matters and are subject to periodic change. Our manufacturing facilities, and the plans and specifications of the HUD code manufactured homes they produce, have been approved by a HUD-certified inspection agency. Further, an independent HUD-certified third-party inspector regularly reviews our manufactured homes for compliance with HUD regulations during construction. Failure to comply with applicable HUD regulations could expose us to a wide variety of sanctions, including mandated closings of our manufacturing facilities. We believe our manufactured homes are in substantial compliance with all present HUD requirements. Our park model RVs are not subject to HUD regulations, but we believe that our park model RVs are in substantial compliance with the standards of the American National Standards Institute.
Transporting manufactured homes on highways is subject to regulation by various federal, state and local authorities. Such regulations may prescribe size and road use limitations and impose lower than normal speed limits and various other requirements. Generally, our distributors are responsible for the transportation of homes from our factory to the final destination through independent third-party transportation companies.
Our manufactured homes are subject to local zoning and housing regulations. In certain cities and counties in areas where our homes are sold, local governmental ordinances and regulations have been enacted which restrict the placement of manufactured homes on privately-owned land or which require the placement of manufactured homes in manufactured home communities. Such ordinances and regulations may adversely impact our ability to sell homes for installation in communities where they are in effect. A number of states have adopted procedures governing the installation of manufactured homes. Utility connections are subject to state and local regulations, which must be complied with by the distributor or other person installing the home.
Certain warranties we issue, including our principal homeowners' warranties, may be subject to the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act (the "Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act"), which regulates the descriptions of warranties on consumer products. In the case of warranties subject to the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act, we are subject to a number of additional regulatory requirements. For example, warranties that are subject to the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act must be included in a single easy-to-read document that is generally made available prior to purchase. The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act also prohibits certain attempts to disclaim or modify implied warranties and the use of deceptive or misleading terms. A claim for a violation of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act can be the subject of an action in federal court in which consumers may be able to recover attorneys' fees. The description and substance of our warranties are also subject to a variety of state laws and regulations. A number of states require manufactured home producers and distributors to post bonds to ensure the satisfaction of consumer warranty claims.
A variety of laws affect the financing of the homes we manufacture. The Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act (the "Truth-in-Lending Act" or "TILA") and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder require written disclosure of information relating to such financing, including the amount of the annual percentage interest rate and any finance charges. The Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act also requires certain disclosures to potential customers concerning credit information used as a basis to deny credit. The Federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated thereunder prohibit discrimination against any credit applicant based on certain specified grounds. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA") and Regulation X promulgated thereunder require certain disclosures regarding the nature and costs of real estate settlements. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") has adopted or proposed various Trade Regulation Rules dealing with unfair credit and collection practices and the preservation of consumers' claims and defenses. Direct loans and mortgage loans eligible for inclusion in a Ginnie Mae security are subject to the credit underwriting requirements of the FHA, USDA or VA. A variety of state laws also regulate the form of financing documents and the allowable deposits, finance charge and fees chargeable pursuant to financing documents. The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, implemented by Regulation F, applies to certain loans and contracts that we service for certain investors and prohibits debt collectors from engaging in harassment or abuse, making false or misleading representations, or engaging in unfair practices in debt collection.
In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") was passed into law. The Dodd-Frank Act was a sweeping piece of legislation designed to reform credit and lending practices after the global credit crisis of 2008. On May 24, 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Reform Act") was signed into law. The Dodd-Frank Reform Act revises portions of the Dodd-Frank Act, reduces the regulatory burden on smaller financial institutions, including eliminating certain provisions of the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 (the "SAFE Act"), and protects consumer access to credit. With the elimination of certain provisions of the SAFE Act, manufactured housing distributors can now assist home buyers with securing financing for the purchase of homes; however, they may not assist in negotiating the financing terms. This has facilitated access to financing and makes the overall home buying experience smoother for the consumer.
Certain CFPB mortgage finance rules required under the Dodd-Frank Act, and modified by the Dodd-Frank Reform Act, apply to consumer credit transactions secured by a dwelling, which include real property mortgages and home-only loans secured by manufactured homes. These rules defined standards for origination of "Qualified Mortgages," established specific requirements for lenders to prove borrowers' ability to repay loans and outlined the conditions under which Qualified Mortgages are subject to safe harbor limitations on liability to borrowers. The rules also establish interest rates and other cost parameters for determining which Qualified Mortgages fall under safe harbor protection. Among other issues, Qualified Mortgages with interest rates and other costs outside the limits are deemed "rebuttable" by borrowers and expose the lender and its assignees (including investors in loans, pools of loans, and instruments secured by loans or loan pools) to possible litigation and penalties.
The CFPB issued a final rule, effective October 1, 2022, which expands the definition of a "General Qualified Mortgage" and gives lenders more leeway to determine a borrower's likelihood of repayment. Under the original Qualified Mortgage rule, the ratio of the consumer’s total monthly debt to total monthly income could not exceed 43% for a loan to be considered a Qualified Mortgage. In December 2020, the Bureau issued a "QM Final Rule" which amended Regulation Z by replacing the original, debt ratio-based Qualified Mortgage definition with a limit based on loan pricing, among other changes to the definition.
The original Qualified Mortgage rule also defined a temporary category of Qualified Mortgages, commonly known as the GSE Patch, which includes mortgages that are eligible to be purchased or guaranteed by either of the GSEs while operating under the federal conservatorship. Under the original Qualified Mortgage rule, the GSE Patch was set to expire on July 1, 2021. Under the QM Final Rule, the GSE Patch will expire upon the earlier of October 1, 2022, or the date the applicable GSE exits federal conservatorship.
While many manufactured homes are currently financed with agency-conforming mortgages in which the ability to repay is verified, and interest rates and other costs are within the safe harbor limits established under the CFPB mortgage finance rules, certain loans to finance the purchase of manufactured homes, especially home-only loans and non-conforming mortgages, may fall outside the safe harbor limits. The rules have caused some lenders to curtail underwriting such loans, and some investors are reluctant to own or participate in owning such loans because of the uncertainty of potential litigation and other costs. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure the financing necessary to complete purchases. In addition, compliance with the law and ongoing rule implementation has caused lenders to incur additional costs to implement new processes, procedures, controls and infrastructure required to comply with the regulations. Compliance may constrain lenders' ability to profitably price certain loans. Failure to comply with these regulations, changes in these or other regulations, or the imposition of additional regulations, could affect our earnings, limit our access to capital and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The CFPB rules amending TILA and RESPA expanded the types of mortgage loans that are subject to the protections of the Home Ownership and Equity Protections Act of 1994 ("HOEPA"), revised and expanded the tests for coverage under HOEPA, and imposed additional restrictions on mortgages that are covered by HOEPA. As a result, certain manufactured home loans are subject to HOEPA limits on interest rates and fees. Loans with rates or fees in excess of the limits are deemed "High Cost Mortgages" and provide additional protections for borrowers, including with respect to determining the value of the home. Most loans for the purchase of manufactured homes have been written at rates and fees that would not appear to be considered High Cost Mortgages under the new rule. Although some lenders may continue to offer loans that are now deemed High Cost Mortgages, the rate and fee limits appear to have deterred some lenders from offering loans to certain borrowers and may continue to make them reluctant to enter into loans subject to the provisions of HOEPA. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure financing necessary to complete manufactured home purchases.
The Dodd-Frank Act amended provisions of TILA to require rules for appraisals on principal residences securing higher-priced mortgage loans ("HPML"). Certain loans secured by manufactured homes, primarily home-only loans, could be considered HPMLs. Among other things, the rules require creditors to provide copies of appraisal reports to borrowers prior to loan closing. To implement these amendments, the CFPB adopted the HPML Appraisal Rule, effective December 30, 2014, and loans secured by new manufactured homes were exempt from the rule until July 18, 2015. While it's not possible to determine the magnitude of these changes, some prospective home buyers may be deterred from completing a manufactured home purchase as a result of appraised values.
The Dodd-Frank Act also required integrating disclosures provided by lenders to borrowers under TILA and RESPA. The final rule became effective October 3, 2015. The TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure ("TRID") mandated extensive changes to the mortgage loan closing process and necessitated significant changes to mortgage origination systems.
Regulation C of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act ("HMDA") requires certain financial institutions, including non-depository institutions, to collect, record, report and disclose information about their mortgage lending activity. The data-related requirements in the HMDA and Regulation C are used to identify potential discriminatory lending patterns and enforce anti-discrimination statutes. The Dodd-Frank Act transferred rulemaking authority for HMDA to the CFPB, effective in 2011. It also amended HMDA to require financial institutions to report additional data points and to collect, record and report additional information. The CFPB issued a final rule amending Regulation C, which became effective on January 1, 2018. Regulation C generally applies to consumer-purpose, closed-end loans and open-end lines of credit that are secured by a dwelling. Non-depository financial institutions are subject to Regulation C if they originate at least 25 covered closed-end mortgage loans or at least 100 covered open-end lines of credit in each of the two preceding calendar years. Violations of Regulation C, including incomplete, inaccurate, or omitted data, are subject to administrative sanctions, including civil money penalties, and compliance can be enforced by the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the National Credit Union Administration, HUD or the CFPB.
New FHA Title I program guidelines became effective on June 1, 2010 and provide Ginnie Mae the ability to securitize manufactured home FHA Title I loans. These guidelines were intended to allow lenders to obtain new capital, which can then be used to fund new loans for their customers. Home-only loans have languished for several years and these changes were meant to broaden home-only financing availability for prospective homeowners. However, we are aware of only a small number of loans currently being securitized under the Ginnie Mae program.
The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 requires GSEs to facilitate a secondary market for mortgages on housing for very low, low and moderate-income families in under-served markets, including manufactured housing. On January 30, 2017, the Federal Housing Finance Agency issued a final rule specifying the scope of GSE activities that are eligible to receive credit for compliance with the "Duty to Serve" rule after January 2018. In December 2017, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac each released their final Underserved Markets Plans that describe, with specificity, the actions they would take over a three-year period to fulfill the "Duty to Serve" obligation. These plans became effective on January 1, 2018. On January 5, 2021, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the GSE regulator, announced that it had issued "Non-Objections" to modified plans which are extended through 2021. The plans offered enhanced mortgage loan products for manufactured homes titled as real property through Fannie Mae's "MH Advantage" and Freddie Mac's "ChoiceHome" programs that began in the latter part of calendar year 2018. Although some progress has been made with these programs, meaningful positive impact in the form of increased home orders has yet to be realized. Small-scale pilot programs included in the plans for the purchase of home-only loans have not occurred. Public input into the GSE’s proposed 2022-2024 Underserved Markets Plans is scheduled for summer 2021. Expansion of the secondary market for home-only loans through GSEs could support further demand for housing as lending options would likely become more available to home buyers.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. While the CARES Act contains a variety of provisions, including, among other things, unemployment benefit expansion and emergency funding of public health care initiatives, it also grants forbearance rights and foreclosure protection to borrowers with loans purchased by a GSE or insured by FHA, USDA or VA. Borrowers with these federally backed mortgage loans who are experiencing hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic may request forbearance for 6 months, regardless of delinquency status. Forbearance may be extended for an additional 6 months at the borrower's request, and they may request up to two additional three-month extensions, for a maximum of 18 months of total forbearance. On March 29, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control ("CDC") extended the existing eviction moratorium until June 30, 2021, although the CDC extension is the subject of pending litigation. The CARES Act prohibits mortgage servicers from charging borrowers a fee for late payments during forbearance and from initiating a foreclosure process, moving for a foreclosure judgment or order of sale, or executing a foreclosure-related eviction or foreclosure sale for any federally backed mortgage loan. The CARES Act also amends the Fair Credit Reporting Act by providing that, from January 31, 2020 and until 120 days after the COVID-19 national emergency is terminated, mortgage servicers granting payment forbearance are required to report the mortgages in forbearance as paid current unless the mortgages were delinquent before the period of forbearance. As of the date of this report, the national emergency had not been terminated.
The CARES Act also contains corporate income tax provisions that will be advantageous to the Company, including providing temporary suspension of certain payment requirements for the employer portion of social security taxes and the creation of certain refundable employee retention credits.
In addition to the CARES Act, numerous state and local governments have issued temporary emergency orders recommending or mandating that mortgage servicers accommodate borrowers experiencing hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These emergency orders include a variety of provisions, including payment forbearance, waiver of late fees on past due payments, restrictions on reporting payment status to credit reporting agencies and moratorium on debt collection activities, foreclosures and evictions. We have implemented practices and adjusted policies to comply accordingly.
On April 19, 2021, the CFPB issued an interim final rule, effective November 30, 2021, amending Regulation F to require debt collectors to provide written notice to certain consumers of their protections under the CDC's eviction moratorium order of March 29, 2021. The interim final rule also prohibits certain communications methods and content, and places limits on debt collectors' attempts to communicate with consumers who are obligated to repay debt, attorneys representing them or related parties.
Standard Casualty's insurance operations are regulated by the state insurance departments where it underwrites its policies. Our insurance product sales are subject to various state insurance laws and regulations, which govern allowable charges and other insurance practices. Underwriting, premiums, investments and capital reserves (including dividend payments to stockholders) are subject to the rules and regulations of these state agencies.
In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively, the "Health Reform Law"), was passed into law. As enacted, the Health Reform Law reforms, among other things, certain aspects of health insurance. We believe that the health plans we offer are in compliance with the Health Reform Law.
Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with applicable regulations, and violations may result in the payment of fines, the entry of injunctions or both. Although we believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations, these requirements have generally become more stringent in recent years. Accordingly, we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance with all applicable laws and enforcement policies.
Seasonality
The housing industry is generally subject to seasonal fluctuations based on new home buyer purchasing patterns. Demand for our core new home products typically peaks each spring and summer before declining in the winter, consistent with the overall housing industry, although this pattern has become distorted during the COVID-19 pandemic, as discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report. Diversification among our product lines and operations has partially offset the extent of any seasonal fluctuations. Additionally, demand patterns for park model RVs, cabins and homes used primarily for retirement or seasonal living partially offset general housing seasonality.
CountryPlace realizes no seasonal impacts from its mortgage servicing operations. However, the mortgage subsidiary does experience minimal seasonal fluctuation in its mortgage origination activities because of the time needed for loan application approval processes and subsequent home loan closing activities. Revenue for Standard Casualty is also not substantially impacted by seasonality, as it recognizes revenue from policy sales ratably over each policy's term year. However, we are subject to adverse effects from excessive policy claims that may occur during periods of inclement weather, including seasonal spring storms or fall hurricane activity in Texas where most of our policies are underwritten. Where applicable, losses from catastrophic events are somewhat limited by reinsurance contracts in place as part of our loss mitigation structure.
Human Capital Resources
Our workforce is made up of approximately 4,700 skilled full-time team members. We believe that an engaged, productive workforce is critically important to creating shareholder value. To that end, we are committed to providing opportunities for professional growth and advancement based on performance, qualification, demonstrated skill and achievement.
During the year, we launched a number of internal programs and campaigns to enhance the culture and capability of our workforce. Driven by our aspiration to make a difference by focusing on excellence, we are executing on a strategy that is designed to elevate and drive the recruiting, retention and experience of our team members. One of our initiatives this year included refreshing our Code of Conduct, and then executing a multi-channel bi-lingual compliance training initiative so that our team members will understand our commitment to, and their responsibility for, maintaining high standards of integrity in the workplace. The program continues to be rolled out through our new learning management system, and each new and existing team member is provided the same training. Another initiative was providing leadership training to new managers and other employees in supervisory roles to enhance communication and other critical management skills to improve the oversight and motivation of other employees.
Also emblematic of our approach to human resources is how we demonstrated our commitment to our employees by how we responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. In March of 2020, we created a COVID-19 task force that continues to meet regularly to discuss, among other things, recent infection and related trends and the new CDC recommendations. The task force determines protocols and procedures to maintain health and safety within our plants and across our operations for the safety of our customers and trade partners. We adjusted our paid time off and certain other employment-related policies, provided support programs for team members and made changes to our benefits programs and health plans to provide care, testing and vaccinations for our team members. We have taken steps to maintain a safe working environment, including requiring face masks, providing visual markers, implementing technology solutions, social distancing and placing a high priority on cleaning our facilities for the safety of our team members.
Available Information
The Company's periodic and current reports, proxy statements, as well as any amendments to such filings, are made available free of charge through our Internet site, www.cavco.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The Company's business involves a number of risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with the information provided elsewhere in this Annual Report. The items described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks that are currently unknown to us or that are currently considered to be immaterial may also impair the business or adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
Business and Operational Risks
The impact of local or national emergencies, including the COVID-19 pandemic, can adversely affect our financial results, condition and prospects, including such impacts from state and federal regulatory action that restricts our ability to operate our business in the ordinary course and impacts on (i) customer demand and the availability of financing for our products, (ii) our supply chain and the availability of raw materials for the manufacture of our products, (iii) the availability of labor and the health and safety of our workforce and (iv) our liquidity and access to the capital markets
Severe weather conditions, natural disasters, hostilities and social unrest, terrorist activities, health epidemics or pandemics or other local or national emergencies (both ones quickly resolved and ones that endure over long periods of time) can adversely affect consumer spending and confidence levels and supply availability and costs, as well as local operations in impacted markets, all of which can affect our financial results, condition and prospects. Our sales of affordable homes are largely dependent on the ability of consumers to obtain financing for the purchase of a home. Consumer financing is dependent on a number of economic factors, including the employment status of borrowers, which may be adversely affected by local or national emergencies. Consumer confidence is also an important factor to support home purchases and is subject to the adverse effects of an emergency situation. Our products are produced in a manner that is considered labor-intensive and requires a consistent and available workforce, which may be adversely affected by a large-scale decline in public health conditions or other emergencies.
As it relates to the COVID-19 pandemic, our normal operations have been constrained by actions we have taken to maintain a safe working environment for our employees, including compliance with mandated social distancing and other governmental requirements. Factory capacity utilization levels have fallen accordingly, having also experienced increased employee absenteeism and pandemic impacts to our supply chain. Our primary suppliers are domestic, while also depending on materials originating from overseas. The ability of suppliers to fulfill orders on our behalf under pre-existing terms is dependent upon their particular circumstances, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the extent of any continuing impact on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity, which could be material, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time because of the continuing fluidity of the situation. It will depend on the duration of the pandemic, its geographic spread, potential business disruptions and the overall impact on the national economy and consumer behavior.
Depending on the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described below in this Item 1A or elsewhere in this Annual Report, such as: risks related to the successful completion of our growth and expansion goals; risks related to the ability of borrowers to make payments on their mortgages or loans and our ability to exercise remedies in such cases, including as a result of government restrictions on the exercise of such remedies; risks related to economic downturns, declining consumer confidence and other market forces and reduced demand for our products or buyers' ability to get financing for the purchase of our products; risks related to depressed home prices and elevated unemployment; risks related to the availability of labor and the pricing and availability of raw materials; risks related to our ability to remain in compliance with increasing levels of government regulation while maintaining economic and profitable operations; risks related to our ability to maintain adequate internal controls; and risks related to stock price fluctuations.
The Company's results of operations can be adversely affected by labor shortages and the pricing and availability of raw materials
The homebuilding industry has from time to time experienced labor shortages and other labor related issues. A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us and our subcontractors in one or more of our markets. This includes high employment levels, construction market conditions and government regulation, which include laws and regulations related to workers' health and safety, wage and hour practices and immigration patterns or restrictions. An overall labor shortage or a lack of skilled or unskilled labor could cause significant increases in costs or delays in construction of homes, which could have a material adverse effect upon our revenue and results of operations.
Our results of operations can also be affected by the pricing and availability of raw materials. Key building materials include wood and wood products, gypsum wallboard, steel, windows, appliances, insulation and other petroleum-based products. There can be no assurance that sufficient supplies of these and other raw materials will continue to be available to us. Sudden increases in price or lack of availability of raw materials can be caused by natural disaster, regulation or other market forces, as has occurred in recent years. We have experienced production halts from shortages of primary building materials in the past, and although we attempt to increase the sales prices of our homes in response to higher materials costs, such increases may lag behind the escalation of material costs.
The Company may not be able to successfully integrate past or future acquisitions to attain the anticipated benefits and such acquisitions may adversely impact the Company's liquidity
We have acquired industry competitors in the past and may consider additional strategic acquisitions if such opportunities arise. Prior acquisitions and any other acquisitions that may be considered in the future involve a number of risks, including the diversion of our management's attention from the existing business for those transactions that we complete, or possible adverse effects on our operating results and liquidity during the integration process. In addition, we may not be able to successfully or profitably integrate, operate, maintain and manage the operations or employees of past or future acquisitions. During the integration stage of an acquisition, we also may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies, which may lead to financial losses.
The Company's involvement in vertically integrated lines of business, including manufactured housing consumer finance, commercial finance and insurance, exposes the Company to certain risks
We offer conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and home-only loans to purchasers of factory-built homes sold by Company-owned retail stores and independent distributors, builders, communities and developers through our subsidiary, CountryPlace. Most loans we originate are sold to investors. We also provide various loan servicing functions for non-affiliated entities under contract.
If customers are unable to repay their loans, we may be adversely affected. We make loans to borrowers that we believe are creditworthy based on underwriting guidelines. However, the ability of these customers to repay their loans may be affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to: national, regional and local economic conditions; changes or weakness in specific industry segments; natural hazard risks affecting the region in which the borrower resides; and employment, financial or unexpected life circumstances.
If customers do not repay their loans, we may repossess or foreclose on the secured property in order to liquidate the loan collateral and minimize losses. The homes and land securing the loans are subject to fluctuating market values, and proceeds realized from liquidating repossessed or foreclosed property are highly susceptible to adverse movements in collateral values. Home price depreciation and elevated levels of unemployment may result in additional defaults and exacerbate actual loss severities upon collateral liquidation.
Some of the loans we originate or may originate in the future may not have a liquid market, or the market may contract rapidly and the loans may become illiquid. Although we offer loan products and price our loans at levels that we believe are marketable at the time of credit application approval, market conditions for such loans may deteriorate rapidly and significantly. Our ability to respond to changing market conditions is affected by credit approval and funding commitments we make in advance of loan completion. In this environment, it is difficult to predict the types of loan products and characteristics that may be susceptible to future market curtailments and tailor loan offerings accordingly. As a result, no assurances can be given that the market value of our loans will not decline in the future, or that a market will continue to exist for loan products.
We sell loans through GSE-related programs and to whole-loan purchasers and also finance certain loans with long-term credit facilities secured by the respective loans. In connection with these activities, we provide to GSEs, whole-loan purchasers and lenders, as the case may be, representations and warranties related to the loans sold or financed. These representations and warranties generally relate to the ownership of the loans, the validity of the liens securing the loans, the loans' compliance with the criteria for inclusion in the transactions, including compliance with underwriting standards or loan criteria established by buyers or lenders and our ability to deliver documentation in compliance with applicable laws. Generally, representations and warranties may be enforced at any time over the life of the loan. Upon a breach of a representation, we may be required to repurchase the loan or to indemnify a party for incurred losses. Although we maintain reserves for these contingent repurchase and indemnification obligations, these reserves may not be ultimately sufficient for incurred losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our operational results or financial condition.
Standard Casualty specializes in homeowner property and casualty insurance products for the manufactured housing industry, primarily serving the Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Nevada markets. Property and casualty insurance companies are subject to certain risk-based capital requirements as specified by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Under those requirements, the amount of capital and surplus maintained by a property and casualty insurance company is determined based on its various risk factors.
Certain of our premiums and benefits are assumed from and ceded to other insurance companies under various reinsurance agreements. The ceded reinsurance agreements provide us with increased capacity to write larger risks. We remain obligated for amounts ceded in the event that the reinsurers do not meet their obligations. Substantially all of our assumed reinsurance is with one entity. Further, our policies in force may be subject to numerous risks, including geographic concentration, adverse selection, home deterioration, unusual weather events, and regulation. Although claim amounts are recoverable through reinsurance for catastrophic losses up to policy maximums, subject to certain conditions, significant losses may be realized and our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Information technology failures or cyber incidents could harm the Company's business
We are increasingly dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure to operate our business. In the ordinary course of business, we collect, store, process and transmit significant amounts of sensitive information, including proprietary business information, personal information, and other confidential information, including that of our customers, vendors and suppliers. All information systems are subject to disruption, breach or failure. Potential vulnerabilities can be exploited from inadvertent or intentional actions of our employees, third-party vendors and business partners or by malicious third parties. Attacks of this nature are increasing in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity, and are being conducted by a variety of threat actors, including sophisticated and organized groups and individuals with a wide range of expertise and motives, such as organized criminal groups, industrial spies, nation states and others. In addition to the extraction of sensitive information, attacks could include the deployment of harmful malware, ransomware, denial of service attacks or other means, which could affect service reliability and threaten the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.
We use enterprise-grade information technology and computer resources to carry out important operational activities and to maintain business records. Although secured in commercial data centers, our computer systems, including its back-up systems, are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches and cyber incidents, catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes and hurricanes and human error. Given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of information technology disruptions, if our computer systems and our backup systems are damaged, breached or cease to function properly, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, distraction of management, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks and financial losses from remedial actions. Significant disruptions in our, or our third-party vendors', information technology systems or other data security breaches or cyber incidents could adversely affect the business operations and result in the loss or misappropriation of, and unauthorized access to, sensitive information, which may force us to incur significant costs and engage in litigation, harm our reputation and subject us to liability under laws, regulations and contractual obligations. In addition, the costs of maintaining adequate protection against such threats are expected to increase and could be material to our operations.
In March 2019, we suffered a cyber incident and attack to our computer networks. Although many of the costs and expenses we incurred related to this March 2019 incident were covered by insurance, we could in the future suffer a cyber incident that could result in material costs and losses that are not covered by insurance, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
The Company's participation in certain financing programs for the purchase of its products by industry distributors and consumers may expose the Company to additional risk of credit loss, which could adversely impact its liquidity and results of operations
We are exposed to risks associated with the creditworthiness of certain independent distributors, builders, developers, community owners, inventory financing partners and home buyers, many of whom may be adversely affected by the volatile conditions in the economy and financial markets. These conditions could result in financial instability or other adverse effects, the consequences of which could include delinquencies by customers who purchase our products under special financing initiatives and the deterioration of collateral values. In addition, losses may be incurred if the collateral cannot be recovered or is liquidated at prices insufficient to recover recorded commercial loan notes receivable balances. The realization of any of these factors may adversely affect our cash flow, profitability and financial condition.
The Company's results of operations could be adversely affected by significant warranty and construction defect claims on factory-built housing
In the ordinary course of business, we are subject to home warranty and construction defect claims. We record a reserve for estimated future warranty costs relating to homes sold based upon an assessment of historical claim experience. Construction defect claims may arise significantly after product completion. Although we maintain general liability insurance and reserves for such claims, there can be no assurance that warranty and construction defect claims will remain at current levels or that such reserves will continue to be adequate. A large number of warranty and construction defect claims that exceed current levels could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
The Company has contingent repurchase obligations related to wholesale financing provided to industry distributors
In accordance with customary business practice in the manufactured housing industry, we have entered into repurchase agreements with various financial institutions and other credit sources who provide floor plan financing to industry distributors, which provide that we will be obligated, under certain circumstances, to repurchase homes sold to distributors in the event of a default by a distributor under floor plan financing arrangements. Under these agreements, we have agreed to repurchase homes at declining prices over the term of the agreement (which in most cases is 18 to 24 months). Our obligation under these repurchase agreements ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer. The maximum amount of contingent obligations under such repurchase agreements was approximately $74.2 million as of April 3, 2021, before reduction for the resale value of the homes. We may be required to honor contingent repurchase obligations in the future and may incur additional expense as a consequence of these repurchase agreements.
A write-off of all or part of the Company's goodwill could adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition
As of April 3, 2021, 8% of our total assets consisted of goodwill, all of which is attributable to factory-built housing operations. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), goodwill is tested annually for impairment. If goodwill becomes impaired, such impairment is charged as an expense in the period in which it occurs. Our goodwill could be impaired if developments affecting our manufacturing operations or the markets in which we produce manufactured homes lead us to conclude that the cash flows expected to be derived from our manufacturing operations will be substantially reduced.
If the Company is unable to establish or maintain relationships with its independent distributors who sell the Company's homes, revenue could decline
During fiscal year 2021, approximately 79% of our sales of factory-built homes were to independent distributors. As is common in the industry, independent distributors may also sell homes produced by competing manufacturers. We may not be able to establish relationships with new independent distributors or maintain good relationships with independent distributors that sell our homes. Even if we do establish and maintain relationships with independent distributors, these distributors are not obligated to sell our homes exclusively and may choose to sell competitors' homes. The independent distributors with whom we have relationships can cancel these relationships on short notice. In addition, these distributors may not remain financially solvent, as they are subject to industry, economic, demographic and seasonal trends similar to those faced by us. If we do not establish and maintain relationships with solvent independent distributors in one or more of our markets, revenue in those markets could decline.
The Company's business and operations are concentrated in certain geographic regions, which could be impacted by market declines
Our operations are concentrated in certain states, most notably Texas, California, Florida, Arizona and Oregon. Due to the concentrated nature of the operations, there could be instances where these regions are negatively impacted by economic, natural or population changes that could, in turn, negatively impact our results of operations more than other companies that are more geographically dispersed.
We operate 20 homebuilding production lines located in the Northwest, Southwest, South, Southeast, Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions. We have a significant presence in Texas with factories in the cities of Austin, Ft. Worth, Seguin and Waco. Further, of the 40 Company-owned retail stores, 32 are located in Texas.
Loan contracts secured by collateral that is geographically concentrated could experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and foreclosure losses than loan contracts secured by collateral that is more geographically dispersed. We have loan contracts secured by factory-built homes located in 26 states, including Texas, Florida, Arizona, Oklahoma and New Mexico. Standard Casualty also specializes in writing contracts for the manufactured housing industry, primarily serving the Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Nevada markets.
A prolonged delay by Congress and the President to approve budgets or continuing appropriation resolutions to facilitate the operations of the federal government could delay the completion of home sales and/or cause cancellations, and thereby negatively impact the Company's deliveries and revenues
Congress and the President may not timely approve budgets or appropriation legislation to facilitate the operations of the federal government. As a result, many federal agencies have historically and may again cease or curtail some activities. The affected activities include issuance of HUD certification labels to manufacturers, Internal Revenue Service verification of loan applicants' tax return information and approvals by the FHA and other government agencies to fund or insure mortgage loans under programs that these agencies operate. As a number of our home buyers use these programs to obtain financing to purchase homes, and many lenders, including CountryPlace, require ongoing coordination with these and other governmental entities to originate home loans, a prolonged delay in the performance of their activities could prevent prospective qualified buyers from obtaining the loans they need to complete such purchases, which could lead to delays or cancellations of home sales. These and other affected governmental bodies could cause interruptions in various aspects of our business and investments. Depending on the length of disruption, such factors could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Industry and Economic Risks
Tightened credit standards, curtailed lending activity by home-only lenders and increased government lending regulations continue to constrain the consumer financing market which could continue to restrict sales of the Company's homes
Consumers who buy our manufactured homes have historically secured retail financing from third-party lenders. Home-only financing is usually more difficult to obtain than financing for site-built homes. The availability, terms and costs of retail financing depend on the lending practices of financial institutions, governmental policies and economic and other conditions, all of which are beyond our control.
Over time, home-only lenders have tightened the credit underwriting standards for loans to purchase manufactured homes, which has reduced lending volumes and negatively impacted our revenue. Most of the national lenders who have historically provided home-only loans have exited the manufactured housing sector of the home loan industry. Retail sales of manufactured housing could be adversely affected if remaining retail lenders curtail industry lending activities or exit the industry altogether.
Changes in laws or other events that adversely affect liquidity in the secondary mortgage market could hurt the business. GSEs and the FHA play significant roles in insuring or purchasing home mortgages and creating or insuring investment securities secured by home mortgages that are either sold to investors or held in their portfolios. These organizations provide significant liquidity to the secondary market. Any new federal laws or regulations that restrict or curtail their activities, or any other events or conditions that alter the roles of these organizations in the housing finance market, could affect the ability of our customers to obtain mortgage loans or could increase mortgage interest rates, fees, and credit standards, which could reduce demand for our homes and/or the loans that we originate and adversely affect our results of operations.
Some investors are reluctant to own or participate in owning such loans because of the uncertainty of potential litigation and other costs. As a result, some prospective buyers of manufactured homes may be unable to secure the financing necessary to complete purchases. In addition, enhanced regulatory and compliance costs could force lenders to implement new processes, procedures, controls and infrastructure required to comply with the regulations. Compliance may constrain lenders' ability to profitably price certain loans. Failure to comply with such regulations, changes in these or other regulations, or the imposition of additional regulations, could affect our earnings, limit our access to capital and have a material adverse effect on the business and results of operations.
Availability of wholesale financing for industry distributors continues to be limited to a few floor plan lenders and lending limits may be reduced from time to time which can negatively affect distributor demand
Manufactured housing distributors generally finance their inventory purchases with wholesale floor plan financing provided by lending institutions. The availability of wholesale financing is significantly affected by the number of floor plan lenders and their lending limits. Our independent distributors rely primarily on 21st Mortgage Corporation and smaller national and regional lending institutions that specialize in providing wholesale floor plan financing to manufactured housing distributors. Floor plan financing providers could further reduce their levels of floor plan lending. Reduced availability of floor plan lending negatively affects the inventory levels of our independent distributors, the number of retail sales center locations and related wholesale demand, and the availability of, and access to, capital on an ongoing basis.
The Company's operating results could be affected by market forces and declining housing demand
As a participant in the homebuilding industry, we are subject to market forces beyond our control. These market forces include employment levels, employment growth, interest rates, consumer confidence, land availability and development costs, apartment and rental housing vacancy levels, inflation, deflation and the health of the general economy. Unfavorable changes in any of the above factors or other issues could have an adverse effect on our revenues, earnings or financial position.
The cyclical and seasonal nature of the manufactured housing industry causes the Company's revenues and operating results to fluctuate, and we expect this cyclicality and seasonality to continue in the future
The manufactured housing industry is highly cyclical and seasonal and is influenced by many national and regional economic and demographic factors, including the availability of consumer financing for home buyers, the availability of wholesale financing for distributors, seasonality of demand, consumer confidence, interest rates, demographic and employment trends, income levels, housing demand, general economic conditions, including inflation and recessions, and the availability of suitable home sites. As a result of the foregoing economic, demographic and other factors, our revenues and operating results fluctuate, and we expect them to continue to fluctuate in the future.
The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive, and increased competition may result in lower revenue
The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive. Competition at both the manufacturing and retail levels is based upon many factors, including price, product features, reputation for service and quality, merchandising, terms of distributor promotional programs and the terms of retail customer financing. Numerous companies produce manufactured homes in our markets. Certain competitors also have their own retail distribution systems and consumer finance and insurance operations. In addition, there are many independent manufactured housing retail locations in most areas where we have retail operations. We believe that where wholesale floor plan financing is available, it is relatively easy for new distributors to enter into our markets as competitors. In addition, our products compete with other forms of low- to moderate-cost housing, including new and existing site-built homes, apartments, townhouses and condominiums. If we are unable to compete effectively in this environment, revenues could be reduced.
Deterioration in economic conditions and turmoil in financial markets could reduce the Company's earnings and financial condition
Deterioration in global, national, regional or local economic conditions and turmoil in financial markets could have a negative impact on our business. Among other things, unfavorable changes in employment levels, job growth, consumer confidence and income, inflation, deflation, trade tariffs, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates may further reduce demand for our products, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. These factors could have an adverse effect on the availability of financing to our customers, causing revenues to decline.
Legal and Regulatory Risks
If the manufactured housing industry is not able to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, the Company's revenue could decline and its business could be adversely affected
Manufactured housing communities and individual home placements are subject to local zoning ordinances and other local regulations relating to utility service and construction of roadways. In the past, property owners often have resisted the adoption of zoning ordinances permitting the location of manufactured homes in residential areas, which we believe has restricted the growth of the industry. Manufactured homes may not achieve widespread acceptance and localities may not adopt zoning ordinances permitting the development of manufactured home communities. If the manufactured housing industry is unable to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our revenue could decline and the business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
The Company is subject to extensive regulation affecting the production and sale of manufactured housing, which could adversely affect its profitability
A variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations affect the production and sale of manufactured housing. Please refer to the section above under the heading "Business - Government Regulation" for a description of many of these laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with such laws and regulations could expose us to a wide variety of sanctions, including closing one or more manufacturing facilities. Regulatory matters affecting our operations are under regular review by governmental bodies and we cannot predict what effect, if any, new laws and regulations would have on us or the manufactured housing industry. Failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations or the passage in the future of new and more stringent laws, may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
The Company may face risks related to the potential outcomes of the SEC subpoenas, including potential penalties, expense, the use of significant management time and attention, potential litigation or regulatory action and potential reputational damage that the Company may suffer as a result of the matters under investigation
As disclosed in Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings, since 2018, we have been cooperating with an investigation by the enforcement staff of the SEC regarding trading in personal and Company accounts directed by the Company's former Chief Executive Officer, Joseph Stegmayer. The Audit Committee of the Board conducted an internal investigation led by independent legal counsel and other advisers and, following the completion of its work in early 2019, the results of the Audit Committee's work were shared with the Company's auditors, listing exchange and the SEC staff. We continue to make documents and personnel available to the SEC staff and intend to continue cooperating with its investigation.
We are unable to predict what consequences any investigation by any regulatory agency may have on us, including significant legal and accounting expenses. These matters may also divert management's attention from other business concerns, which could harm the business and could result in reputational damage. Any proceedings commenced against us by a regulatory agency could result in administrative orders against us, the imposition of penalties and/or fines against us and/or the imposition of sanctions against certain of our current or former officers, directors and/or employees. The investigations, results of the investigations or remedial actions we have taken or may take as a result of such investigations may adversely affect our business. If we are subject to adverse findings resulting from the SEC investigation, or from our own independent investigation, we could be required to pay damages and/or penalties or have other remedies imposed on us.
Losses not covered by our Director and Officer ("D&O") insurance may be large, which could adversely impact the Company's financial performance
We maintain D&O liability insurance for losses or advancement of defense costs in the event legal actions are brought against the Company's directors, officers or employees for alleged wrongful acts in their capacity as directors, officers or employees. Such D&O insurance contains certain customary exclusions that may make it unavailable to the Company or its directors and officers in the event it is needed; and, in any case, the D&O insurance may not be adequate to fully protect the Company against liability for the conduct of its directors, officers or employees or the Company's indemnification obligations to its directors and officers.
General Risk Factors
The loss of any of the Company's executive officers could reduce its ability to execute its business strategy and could have a material adverse effect on its business and results of operations
We are dependent to a significant extent upon the efforts of our executive officers. The loss of the services of one or more executive officer could impair our ability to execute our business strategy and have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations. We currently have no key person life or other insurance for our executive officers.
The Company has incurred net losses in certain prior periods and there can be no assurance that it will generate income in the future
Since becoming a stand-alone public company, we have generated net income each complete fiscal year, except for fiscal year 2010, in which we incurred net losses attributable in substantial part to the downturn affecting the manufactured housing industry. The likelihood that we will generate net income in the future must be considered in light of the difficulties facing the manufactured housing industry as a whole, economic conditions, the competitive environment in which we operate and the other risks and uncertainties discussed in this section of the Annual Report.
The Company's liquidity and ability to raise capital may be limited
We may need to obtain debt or additional equity financing in the future. The type, timing and terms of the financing selected will depend on, among other things, our cash needs, the availability of other financing sources and prevailing conditions in the financial markets. There can be no assurance that any of these sources will be available to us at any time or that they will be available on satisfactory terms.
Certain provisions of the Company's organizational documents could delay or make more difficult a change in control of the Company
Certain provisions of the Company's restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws could delay or make more difficult transactions involving a change of control, and may have the effect of entrenching the current management or possibly depressing the market price of the Company's common stock. For example, the Company's restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws authorize blank series preferred stock, establish a staggered board of directors and impose certain procedural and other requirements for stockholder proposals.
Volatility of stock price
The price of the Company's common stock may fluctuate widely, depending upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include: the perceived prospects of the business and the manufactured housing industry as a whole; differences between our actual financial and operating results and those expected by investors and analysts; changes in analysts' recommendations or projections; changes affecting the availability of financing in the wholesale and consumer lending markets; actions or announcements by competitors; changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate; significant sales of shares by a principal stockholder; actions taken by stockholders that may be contrary to Board of Director recommendations; and changes in general economic or market conditions. In addition, stock markets generally experience significant price and volume volatility from time to time, which may adversely affect the market price of the Company's common stock for reasons unrelated to our performance.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the Company's core properties:
Location Date of
Commencement
of Operations Owned /
Leased Square
Feet
Active manufacturing facilities:
Millersburg, Oregon 1995 Owned 169,000
Woodburn, Oregon 1976 Owned 221,000
Nampa, Idaho 1957 Owned 171,000
Riverside, California 1960 Owned 107,000
Goodyear, Arizona 1993 Leased 250,000
Phoenix, Arizona 1978 Owned 79,000
Austin, Texas 1981 Owned 181,000
Fort Worth, Texas 1993 Owned 121,000
Seguin, Texas 2006 Owned 129,000
Waco, Texas 1971 Owned 132,000
Montevideo, Minnesota 1982 Owned 305,000
Nappanee, Indiana 1971 Owned 341,000
Lafayette, Tennessee 1996 Owned 149,000
Martinsville, Virginia 1969 Owned 132,000
Moultrie, Georgia 2003 Owned 230,000
Rocky Mount, Virginia 1995 Owned 137,000
Douglas, Georgia 1988 Owned 142,000
Ocala, Florida 1984 Owned 91,000
Plant City, Florida 1981 Owned 87,000
Component and supply facilities:
Martinsville, Virginia 1972 Owned 192,000
Nappanee, Indiana 1971 Leased 77,000
Inactive manufacturing facilities:
Glendale, Arizona Owned 118,000
Lexington, Mississippi Leased 119,800
Plant City, Florida Owned 94,000
Administrative and other locations:
Phoenix, Arizona Leased 15,000
Addison, Texas Leased 24,000
New Braunfels, Texas Owned 9,000
We own the land on which manufacturing facilities are located, except for the Goodyear, Arizona plant, which is currently leased through June 30, 2026; and the Lexington, Mississippi plant, closed in April 2020, currently under lease through October 31, 2025, at which time we would take ownership of the property. We also own substantially all of the machinery and equipment used at these factories. In addition to production facilities, we own an office building and land in New Braunfels, Texas, which houses Standard Casualty's operations, as well as eight properties upon which active, Company-owned retail stores are located. The remaining active sales centers and a claims office are leased under operating leases with lease terms generally ranging from monthly to five years. Company-owned retail stores generally range in sizes up to nine acres. We lease office space in Addison, Texas for CountryPlace operations and factory-built housing administrative support services, pursuant to a lease that expires in 2023. The Phoenix, Arizona home office is leased through February 2026, with an option to extend for an additional three years. In Nappanee, Indiana, we also operate a supply facility whose lease expires in August 2021, with options to extend. We believe that all of these facilities are adequately maintained and suitable for the purposes for which they are used.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See the information under the "Legal Matters" caption in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market ("Nasdaq") under the symbol CVCO.
As of May 21, 2021, the Company had 569 stockholders of record and approximately 15,500 beneficial holders of its common stock, based upon information in securities position listings by registered clearing agencies upon request of the Company's transfer agent.
In the past two fiscal years, we have not paid any dividends on the Company's common stock. The payment of dividends to Company stockholders is subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors, and various factors may prevent us from paying dividends. Such factors include Company cash requirements and liquidity and the requirements of state, corporate and other laws.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On October 27, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a $100 million stock repurchase program that may be used to purchase its outstanding common stock. This program, which was announced on Form 8-K filed October 29, 2020, replaces a previously standing $10 million authorization, which is now canceled. The repurchases may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The level of repurchase activity is subject to market conditions and other investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The repurchase program is funded using our available cash. Share repurchase activity during the three months ended April 3, 2021 was as follows (in thousands, except number of shares and per share amounts):
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publically Announced Program Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
December 27, 2020 to January 30, 2021 - $ - -
January 31, 2020 to February 27, 2021 - - -
February 28, 2021 to April 3, 2021 6,600 218.37 6,600
Total 6,600 6,600 $ 98,559
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the yearly change in the cumulative total stockholder return on Cavco common stock during the five fiscal years ended April 3, 2021, with that of the Nasdaq Composite Index and the iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF. The comparison assumes $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) was invested on April 2, 2016, in Cavco common stock and in each of the foregoing indices.
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
4/2/2016 4/1/2017 3/31/2018 3/30/2019 3/28/2020 4/3/2021
Cavco Industries, Inc. $ 100 $ 125 $ 186 $ 126 $ 159 $ 249
Nasdaq Composite Index $ 100 $ 120 $ 144 $ 157 $ 153 $ 274
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF $ 100 $ 119 $ 147 $ 132 $ 115 $ 263
We previously compared the cumulative total stockholder return on Cavco common stock to that of the Nasdaq US Small Cap Home Construction Index; however, it is no longer quoted. We selected the iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF as it includes the common stock of Cavco and some of our competitors. The comparison below assumes $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) was invested on March 28, 2015, in Cavco common stock and in each of the foregoing indices.
3/28/2015 3/28/2020
Cavco Industries, Inc. $ 100 $ 198
Nasdaq US Small Cap Home Construction Index $ 100 $ 81
iShares U.S. Home Construction ETF $ 100 $ 113

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected consolidated financial data regarding Cavco for the fiscal years indicated. The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the information presented in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected financial data set forth below may not be indicative of future performance.
Year Ended
April 3,
2021 March 28,
2020 March 30,
2019 March 31,
2018 April 1,
($ in thousands, except per share)
Income Statement Data:
Net revenue $ 1,108,051 $ 1,061,774 $ 962,746 $ 871,235 $ 773,797
Cost of sales 869,074 831,256 757,040 690,555 615,760
Net income 76,646 75,066 68,622 61,502 37,955
Net income per share
Basic $ 8.34 $ 8.22 $ 7.56 $ 6.82 $ 4.23
Diluted 8.25 8.10 7.40 6.68 4.17
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 9,189,052 9,129,639 9,080,878 9,024,437 8,976,064
Diluted 9,293,134 9,268,784 9,268,737 9,201,706 9,105,743
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets $ 951,833 $ 810,431 $ 725,216 $ 674,780 $ 607,316
Total current liabilities 237,104 172,102 174,008 176,329 140,216
Total securitized financings and other 12,186 14,953 34,140 59,812 57,991
Finance lease obligations(1)
304 366 1,075 1,155 -
Total stockholders' equity 683,640 607,586 529,588 457,106 394,408
(1) Finance lease obligations under FASB ASC 842, Leases, effective beginning fiscal year 2020, are included in Securitized financings and other on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. Prior to fiscal year 2020, these were categorized as capital lease obligations under FASB ASC 840, Leases, and were included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
The selected financial data set forth above includes the accounts of Cavco and its consolidated subsidiaries, as of their respective acquisition dates, including Lexington Homes (April 3, 2017) and Destiny Homes (August 2, 2019).

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report includes "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In general, all statements included or incorporated in this Annual Report that are not historical in nature are forward-looking. These may include statements about the Company's plans, strategies and prospects under the headings "Business," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Forward-looking statements are often characterized by the use of words such as "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "may," "will," "intends," "plans," or "anticipates," or by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements are typically included, for example, in discussions regarding the manufactured housing and site-built housing industries; our financial performance and operating results; the expected effect of certain risks and uncertainties on our business, financial condition and results of operations; economic conditions and consumer confidence; operational and legal risks; how we may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, governmental regulations and legal proceedings; the availability of favorable consumer and wholesale manufactured home financing, market interest rates and Company investments; and the ultimate outcome of our commitments and contingencies.
Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, many of which are beyond our control. To the extent that our assumptions and expectations differ from actual results, our ability to meet such forward-looking statements, including the ability to generate positive cash flow from operations, may be significantly hindered. Factors that could affect our results and cause them to materially differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those discussed under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," and elsewhere in this Annual Report. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. For all of these reasons, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report.
Introduction
The following should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes that appear in Part IV of this Report. References to "Note" or "Notes" pertain to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Company Overview
Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, we design and produce factory-built housing products primarily distributed through a network of independent and Company-owned retailers, planned community operators and residential developers. We are one of the largest producers of manufactured homes in the United States, based on reported wholesale shipments, marketed under a variety of brand names, including Cavco, Fleetwood, Palm Harbor, Fairmont, Friendship, Chariot Eagle and Destiny. We are also one of the leading producers of park model RVs, vacation cabins and factory-built commercial structures, as well as modular homes built primarily under the Nationwide Homes brand. Our finance subsidiary, CountryPlace, is an approved Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac seller/servicer and a Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities issuer that offers conforming mortgages, non-conforming mortgages and home-only loans to purchasers of factory-built homes. Our insurance subsidiary, Standard Casualty, provides property and casualty insurance to owners of manufactured homes. From our inception in 1965, we have traditionally served affordable housing markets in the southwestern United States principally through manufactured home production. During the period from 1997 to 2000, Cavco was purchased by, and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of, Centex Corporation, which operated the Company until 2003, when Cavco became a stand-alone publicly-held company traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol CVCO.
We have strategically expanded our factory operations and related business activities primarily through the acquisition of other industry participants. This has enabled us to meet the needs of the affordable housing market on a national basis.
We operate 20 homebuilding production lines located in Millersburg and Woodburn, Oregon; Nampa, Idaho; Riverside, California; Phoenix and Goodyear, Arizona; Austin, Fort Worth, Seguin and Waco, Texas; Montevideo, Minnesota; Nappanee, Indiana; Lafayette, Tennessee; Martinsville and Rocky Mount, Virginia; Douglas and Moultrie, Georgia; and Ocala and Plant City, Florida. The majority of the homes produced are sold to, and distributed by, independently owned and controlled retail operations located throughout the United States and Canada. In addition, our homes are sold through 40 Company-owned U.S. retail locations.
Our manufacturing facilities are strategically positioned across the United States and utilize local market research to design homes to meet the demands of our customers. We have the ability to customize floor plans and designs to fulfill specific needs and interests. By offering a full range of homes from entry-level models to large custom homes and with the ability to engineer designs in-house, we can accommodate virtually any customer request. In addition to homes built to the federal HUD code, we also construct modular homes that conform to state and local codes, park model RVs, cabins and light commercial buildings at many of our manufacturing facilities.
We seek out niche market opportunities where our diverse product lines and custom building capabilities provide a competitive advantage. Our green building initiatives involve the creation of an energy efficient envelope and higher utilization of renewable materials. These homes provide environmentally-friendly maintenance requirements, typically lower utility costs and sustainability. We also build homes designed to use alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind. From bamboo flooring and tankless water heaters to solar-powered homes, our products are diverse and tailored to a wide range of consumer interests. Innovation in housing design is a forte of the Company and we continue to introduce new models at competitive price points with expressive interiors and exteriors that complement home styles in the areas in which they are located.
Company Outlook
We maintain a backlog of orders from our network of licensed distributors, communities and developers. Distributors may cancel orders prior to production without penalty. Accordingly, until the production of a particular unit has commenced, we do not consider our backlog to be firm orders. We strive to manage our production levels, capacity and workforce size based upon current market demand. The backlog of home sales orders at April 3, 2021 was $603 million in total, up $479 million from $124 million as of March 28, 2020. Backlog excludes home orders that have been paused or canceled at the request of the customer.
During the onset of COVID-19, we continued to operate substantially all of our homebuilding and retail sales facilities while working to follow COVID-19 health guidelines. We adjusted our operations to manage exposure and transmission risks by implementing enhanced facility cleaning, social distancing and other related protocols while continuing to serve our customers. Operational efficiencies declined from adjusting home production processes to comply with health guidelines and managing higher factory employee absenteeism and building material supply shortages. Accordingly, our factory capacity utilization rate fluctuated during the fiscal year and was at approximately 75% during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2021, compared to pre-pandemic levels of more than 80%.
While it is difficult to predict the future impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on housing demand, employee availability, supply chain and Company performance and operations, maintaining an appropriately sized and well-trained workforce is key to increasing production to meet increased demand, and we face challenges in overcoming labor-related difficulties in the COVID-19 environment to increase home production. We continually review the wage rates of our production employees, and have established other monetary incentive and benefit programs, with a goal of providing competitive compensation. We are also working to more extensively use on-line recruiting tools, update our recruitment brochures and improve the appearance and appeal of our manufacturing facilities to improve the recruitment and retention of qualified production employees and reduce annualized turnover rates. Regardless, we believe our ability to recruit the workforce we need to help meet the overall need for affordable housing continues to improve.
We continue to make certain commercial loan programs available to members of our wholesale distribution chain. Under direct commercial loan arrangements, we provide funds for financed home purchases by distributors, community owners and developers. In addition, we provide loans to independent floor plan lenders that then lend to distributors to finance their inventory purchases (see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Our involvement in commercial loans helps to increase the availability of manufactured home financing to distributors, community owners and developers and provides additional opportunity for product exposure to potential home buyers. While these initiatives support our ongoing efforts to expand product distribution, they do expose us to risks associated with the creditworthiness of this customer base and our inventory financing partners.
Although Company-owned, and most independently owned, retail stores remained open for business at the onset of the pandemic, customer traffic initially declined, resulting in fewer home orders from our distribution channels than would be typical during the spring selling season. However, sales order activity was exceptionally strong during the rest of fiscal year 2021. Home sales order rates during the second and third fiscal quarters were nearly 65% higher than the comparable prior year quarters, and nearly 50% higher for the fourth quarter.
The financial services segment also maintained operations since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, largely through the implementation of work-from-home solutions. During these uncertain economic times, we continue to assist customers in need by servicing existing loans and insurance policies and complying with state and federal regulations regarding loan forbearance, home foreclosures and policy cancellations.
Certain loans serviced for investors expose us to cash flow deficits if customers do not make contractual monthly payments of principal and interest in a timely manner. For certain loans serviced for Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac, and home-only loans serviced for certain other investors, we must remit scheduled monthly principal and/or interest payments and principal curtailments regardless of whether monthly mortgage payments are collected from borrowers. Ginnie Mae permits cash obligations on loans in forbearance from COVID-19 to be offset by other incoming cash flows from loans such as loan pre-payments. Through fiscal year 2021, monthly collections of principal and interest from borrowers have exceeded scheduled principal and interest payments owed to investors. However, mandatory extended forbearance under the CARES Act and certain other regulations related to COVID-19 could negatively impact cash obligations in the future.
The lack of an efficient secondary market for manufactured home-only loans and the limited number of institutions providing such loans results in higher borrowing costs for home-only loans and continues to constrain industry growth. We work directly with other industry participants to develop secondary market opportunities for manufactured home-only loan portfolios and expand lending availability in the industry. Additionally, we continue to invest in community-based lending initiatives that provide home-only financing to new residents of certain manufactured home communities. We also develop and invest in home-only lending programs to grow sales of homes through traditional distribution points. We believe that growing our investment and participation in home-only lending may provide additional sales growth opportunities for our financial services segment, as well as provide a means that could lead to increased home sales for our factory-built housing operations.
We also work with industry trade associations to encourage favorable legislative and GSE action to address the mortgage financing needs of buyers of affordable homes. Federal law requires GSEs to implement the "Duty to Serve" requirements specified in the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. In December 2017, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac released their final Underserved Markets Plans that describe, with specificity, the actions they would take over a three-year period to fulfill the "Duty to Serve" obligation. These plans became effective on January 1, 2018. On January 5, 2021, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the GSE regulator, announced that it had issued "Non-Objections" to modified plans which are extended through 2021. The plans offered enhanced mortgage loan products for manufactured homes titled as real property through Fannie Mae's "MH Advantage" and Freddie Mac's "ChoiceHome" programs that began in the latter part of calendar year 2018. Although some progress has been made with these programs, meaningful positive impact in the form of increased home orders has yet to be realized. Small-scale pilot programs included in the plans for the purchase of home-only loans have not occurred. Public input into the GSE's proposed 2022-2024 Underserved Markets Plans is scheduled for summer 2021. Expansion of the secondary market for home-only loans through GSEs could support further demand for housing as lending options would likely become more available to home buyers.
The insurance subsidiary is subject to adverse effects from excessive policy claims that may occur during periods of inclement weather, including seasonal spring storms or fall hurricane activity in Texas where most of its policies are underwritten. Where applicable, losses from catastrophic events are mitigated by reinsurance contracts in place as part of our loss mitigation structure.
Results of Operations
Fiscal Year 2021 Compared to Fiscal Year 2020
Net Revenue.
Net revenue consisted of the following for fiscal years 2021, which included an extra week in the fiscal period, and 2020, respectively:
Year Ended
($ in thousands, except revenue per home sold) April 3,
2021 March 28,
2020 Change
Net revenue:
Factory-built housing $ 1,037,889 $ 999,340 $ 38,549 3.9 %
Financial services 70,162 62,434 7,728 12.4 %
$ 1,108,051 $ 1,061,774 $ 46,277 4.4 %
Total homes sold 14,214 15,100 (886) (5.9) %
Net factory-built housing revenue per home sold $ 73,019 $ 66,181 $ 6,838 10.3 %
In the factory-built housing segment, revenues increased $62.3 million from higher home selling prices, driven by product price increases and a shift toward more multi-section homes. This was offset by a $23.8 million reduction from lower home sales volume.
Net factory-built housing revenue per home sold is a volatile metric dependent upon several factors. A primary factor is the price disparity between sales of homes to independent distributors, builders, communities and developers ("Wholesale") and sales of homes to consumers by Company-owned retail stores ("Retail"). Wholesale sales prices are primarily comprised of the home and the cost to ship the home from a homebuilding facility to the home-site. Retail home prices include these items and retail markup, as well as items that are largely subject to home buyer discretion, including, but not limited to, installation, utility connections, site improvements, landscaping and additional services. Changes to the proportion of home sales among our distribution channels between reporting periods impacts the overall net revenue per home sold. For the twelve months ended April 3, 2021, we sold 11,225 homes Wholesale and 2,989 Retail versus 12,247 homes Wholesale and 2,853 homes Retail in the comparable prior year period. Fluctuations in net factory-built housing revenue per home sold are partially the result of changes in product mix, which results from home buyer tastes and preferences as they select home types/models, as well as optional home upgrades when purchasing the home. These selections vary regularly based on consumer interests, local housing preferences and economic circumstances. Product prices are also periodically adjusted for the cost and availability of raw materials included in, and labor used to produce, each home. For these reasons, we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, volatility in overall net factory-built housing revenue per home sold.
Financial services segment revenue increased primarily from $4.0 million market gains on equity investments, compared to $1.6 million of losses in the prior year, $3.3 million from more insurance policies in force and $0.5 million from higher volume of home loan sales. These were partially offset by $1.2 million lower interest income earned on the acquired loan portfolios that continue to amortize as expected.
Gross Profit.
Gross profit consisted of the following for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively:
Year Ended
($ in thousands) April 3,
2021 March 28,
2020 Change
Gross profit:
Factory-built housing $ 199,604 $ 195,244 $ 4,360 2.2 %
Financial services 39,373 35,274 4,099 11.6 %
$ 238,977 $ 230,518 $ 8,459 3.7 %
Gross profit as % of Net revenue:
Consolidated 21.6 % 21.7 % N/A (0.1) %
Factory-built housing 19.2 % 19.5 % N/A (0.3) %
Financial services 56.1 % 56.5 % N/A (0.4) %
Factory-built housing gross profit increased $19.6 million from higher home sales prices and a shift toward more multi-section homes during the period, partially offset by $15.2 million of lower home sales volumes.
Financial services gross profit increased from the $8.2 million revenue gains discussed above, and $3.0 million of favorable non-cash valuation adjustments, including improved loan loss reserves. These gains were partially offset by $6.8 million higher claims and commission expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.
Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively:
Year Ended
($ in thousands) April 3,
2021 March 28,
2020 Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Factory-built housing $ 130,498 $ 127,174 $ 3,324 2.6 %
Financial services 19,654 18,437 1,217 6.6 %
$ 150,152 $ 145,611 $ 4,541 3.1 %
Selling, general and administrative expenses as % of Net revenue: 13.6 % 13.7 % N/A (0.1) %
Selling, general and administrative expenses related to factory-built housing increased from higher wages and incentive compensation expense on improved earnings, charges related to a new, employee-friendly paid time off policy and severance expense related to the Company's former Chief Financial Officer. These were partially offset by reduced expenses related to the SEC inquiry and lower amortization of the additional D&O insurance premiums.
Selling, general and administrative expenses related to financial services increased primarily from higher salary expenses from continued growth and increased incentive compensation costs from improved earnings.
As a percentage of Net revenue, Selling, general and administrative expenses slightly decreased from better utilization of fixed costs on higher sales.
Interest Expense.
Interest expense was $0.7 million in fiscal year 2021 and $1.5 million in fiscal year 2020, and consists primarily of debt service on the financings of manufactured home-only loans and interest related to finance leases. The decrease is related to a reduction in securitized bond interest expense, as we exercised our right to repurchase the 2007-1 securitized loan portfolio in August 2019, thereby eliminating the related interest expense. This decrease is partially offset by increases in interest expense from the secured credit facilities.
Other Income, net.
Other income primarily consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses on corporate investments, interest income related to commercial loan receivable balances, interest income earned on cash balances and gains and losses from the sale of property, plant and equipment and assets held for sale. For fiscal years 2021 and 2020, Other income, net was $8.8 million and $9.6 million, respectively, a decrease of $0.8 million or 8.3%. This decrease was primarily from a $3.4 million net gain recognized last year on the sale of idle land and lower interest income earned on cash balances, partially offset by greater unrealized gains on corporate equity investments in the current year.
Income Before Income Taxes.
Income before income taxes consisted of the following for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively:
Year Ended
($ in thousands) April 3,
2021 March 28,
2020 Change
Income before income taxes:
Factory-built housing $ 78,937 $ 78,531 $ 406 0.5 %
Financial services 17,975 14,448 3,527 24.4 %
$ 96,912 $ 92,979 $ 3,933 4.2 %
Income Tax Expense.
Income tax expense was $20.3 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 20.9% for the fiscal year ended April 3, 2021, compared to income tax expense of $17.9 million and an effective rate of 19.3% for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020. The higher effective tax rate in the current year period primarily relates to higher income and lower tax benefits from stock option exercises.
Fiscal Year 2020 Compared to Fiscal Year 2019
See Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that cash and cash equivalents at April 3, 2021, together with cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to fund our operations and provide for growth for the next 12 months and into the foreseeable future. We maintain cash in U.S. Treasury and other money market funds, some of which are in excess of federally insured limits. We expect to continue to evaluate potential acquisitions of, or strategic investments in, businesses that are complementary to the Company, as well as other expansion opportunities. Such transactions may require the use of cash and have other impacts on our liquidity and capital resources. Because of our sufficient cash position, we have not historically sought external sources of liquidity, with the exception of certain credit facilities for the home-only lending programs. Regardless, depending on our operating results and strategic opportunities, we may need to seek additional or alternative sources of financing. There can be no assurance that such financing would be available on satisfactory terms, if at all. If this financing were not available, it could be necessary for us to reevaluate our long-term operating plans to make more efficient use of our existing capital resources. The exact nature of any changes to our plans that would be considered depends on various factors, such as conditions in the factory-built housing industry and general economic conditions outside of our control.
State insurance regulations restrict the amount of dividends that can be paid to stockholders of insurance companies. As a result, the assets owned by our insurance subsidiary are generally not available to satisfy the claims of Cavco or its legal subsidiaries. We believe that stockholders' equity at the insurance subsidiary remains sufficient and do not believe that the ability to pay ordinary dividends to Cavco will be restricted per state regulations.
The following is a summary of the Company's cash flows for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively:
Year Ended
($ in thousands) April 3,
2021 March 28,
2020 $ Change
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the fiscal year $ 255,607 $ 199,869 $ 55,738
Net cash provided by operating activities 114,031 101,737 12,294
Net cash used in investing activities (23,349) (25,243) 1,894
Net cash used in financing activities (6,982) (20,756) 13,774
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the fiscal year $ 339,307 $ 255,607 $ 83,700
Net cash provided by operating activities increased due to the increased profitability and operating account activity including higher accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities such as salary and wage accruals, greater customer deposits, Company repurchase options on certain loans sold and unearned insurance premiums and lower prepaid expenses from the continuing amortization of the D&O premiums. These increases are partially offset by higher inventory levels.
Consumer loan originations increased $4.5 million to $161.6 million during the year ended April 3, 2021, from $157.1 million during the year ended March 28, 2020. Proceeds from the sale of consumer loans provided $167.1 million in cash, compared to $159.6 million in the previous year, a net increase of $7.5 million.
With respect to consumer lending for the purchase of manufactured housing, states may classify manufactured homes for both legal and tax purposes as personal property rather than real estate. As a result, financing for the purchase of manufactured homes is characterized by shorter loan maturities and higher interest rates. Unfavorable changes in these factors may have material negative effects on our results of operations and financial condition. See Part I, Item IA, "Risk Factors."
We enter into commercial loan agreements with distributors, communities and developers under which the Company provides funds for financing homes. In addition, we enter into commercial loan arrangements with certain distributors of our products under which the Company provides funds for wholesale purchases. We have also invested in community-based lending initiatives that provide home-only financing to new residents of certain manufactured home communities. For additional information regarding our commercial loans receivable, see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Further, we invest in and develop home-only loan pools and lending programs to attract third-party financier interest in order to grow sales of new homes through traditional distribution points.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended April 3, 2021 included purchases of property, plant and equipment, primarily used for the new park model RV facility in Arizona, which is expected to be operational in December 2021. This was partially offset by cash provided from net sales of investments and proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2020 was primarily used for purchases of property, plant and equipment, payments for the acquisition of Destiny Homes and net purchases of investments. This was partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment.
Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended April 3, 2021 was mainly used for payments of payroll taxes on the net exercises of stock options, payments on secured financings and common stock repurchases. Net cash used in financing activities for fiscal year 2020 was mainly for the repurchase of the 2007-1 securitization and other payments on secured financings.
See Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Liquidity and Capital Resources" in the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of changes in liquidity between fiscal years 2020 and 2019.
Financings. During fiscal year 2020, the Company repurchased the 2007-1 securitized loan portfolio, leaving no further securitized financing balance outstanding as of April 3, 2021 or March 28, 2020.
We have entered into secured credit facilities with independent third-party banks. The proceeds were used to facilitate the origination of consumer home-only loans to be held for investment, secured by the manufactured homes which were subsequently pledged as collateral to the facilities. Upon completion of the draw down periods, these facilities were converted into an amortizing loan based on a 20-year amortization period with a balloon payment due upon maturity. As of April 3, 2021, the outstanding balance of the converted loans was $8.2 million with a weighted average interest rate of 4.91%.
In October 2020, we announced a $100 million stock repurchase program that may be used to purchase our outstanding common stock. The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased under the program will be determined by the Company in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other strategic capital needs and opportunities. The plan does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During fiscal year 2021, we purchased 6,600 shares for an aggregate amount of $1.4 million under the new $100 million repurchase authorization that occurred on October 27, 2020.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations to make future payments under the debt obligations and lease agreements as of April 3, 2021. This table excludes long-term obligations for which there is no definite commitment period.
Payments Due by Period
($ in thousands) Total Less than
1 Year 1-3
Years 3-5
Years After 5
Years
Debt obligations:
Secured financings and other borrowings, including interest (1)
$ 14,580 $ 2,313 $ 3,655 $ 3,112 $ 5,500
Operating lease obligations 19,776 4,292 7,564 5,654 2,266
Finance lease obligations 341 73 146 122 -
Total contractual obligations $ 34,697 $ 6,678 $ 11,365 $ 8,888 $ 7,766
(1)Interest is calculated by applying contractual interest rates to month-end balances. The timing of these estimated payments fluctuates based upon various factors, including estimated loan portfolio prepayment and default rates.
Additionally, we have contingent commitments at April 3, 2021 consisting of contingent repurchase obligations and remaining construction contingent commitments. For additional information related to these contingent obligations, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
•We are contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with financial institutions providing inventory financing for independent distributors of our products. The maximum amount for which we were liable under such agreements approximated $74.2 million at April 3, 2021, without reduction for the resale value of the homes. Although the repurchase obligations outstanding have a finite life, these commitments are continually replaced as we continue to sell manufactured homes to distributors under repurchase and other recourse agreements with lending institutions which have provided wholesale floor plan financing to distributors.
•CountryPlace has a commitment to fund construction-period mortgages up to $23.8 million at April 3, 2021. The total loan contract amount, less cumulative advances, represents an off-balance sheet contingent commitment to fund future advances.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Company's off-balance sheet commitments, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations is based upon its Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See "Forward-Looking Statements" above.
We believe the following accounting policies are critical to Company operating results or may affect significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements and should be read in conjunction with the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Warranties. We provide retail home buyers a one-year limited warranty covering defects in material or workmanship in home structure, plumbing and electrical systems. Nonstructural components of a cosmetic nature are warranted for 120 days, except in specific cases where state laws require longer warranty terms. We record a liability for estimated future warranty costs relating to homes sold based upon an assessment of historical experience factors. Factors used in the estimation of the warranty liability include the estimated amount of homes still under warranty including homes in distributor inventories, homes purchased by consumers still within the one-year warranty period, the timing in which work orders are completed and the historical average costs incurred to service a home.
Reserve for Property Casualty Insurance Claims and Claims Expense. Standard Casualty establishes reserves for claims and claims expense on reported and unreported claims of insured losses. Our reserve process takes into account known facts and interpretations of circumstances and factors, including our experience with similar cases, actual claims paid, historical trends involving claim payment patterns and pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs, product mix, contractual terms, changes in law and regulation, judicial decisions and economic conditions. In the normal course of business, we may also supplement our claims processes by utilizing third party adjusters, appraisers, engineers, inspectors and other professionals and information sources to assess and settle catastrophe and non-catastrophe related claims. The effects of inflation are implicitly considered in the reserving process.
Insurance. We are self-insured for a significant portion of our general and products liability, auto liability, health, property and workers' compensation liability coverage. Insurance is maintained for catastrophic exposures and those risks required to be insured by law. Estimated self-insurance costs are accrued for incurred claims and estimated incurred but not reported claims. A reserve for products liability is actuarially determined. The determination of claims and expenses and the appropriateness of the related liabilities are regularly reviewed and updated.
Reserve for Repurchase Commitments. Manufactured housing companies customarily enter into repurchase and other recourse agreements with lending institutions that have provided wholesale floor plan financing to distributors. Significant portions of our sales are made to distributors pursuant to repurchase agreements with lending institutions. These agreements generally provide that we will repurchase a product from the lending institutions in the event such product is repossessed upon a distributor's default. Our obligation under these repurchase agreements ceases upon the purchase of the home by the retail customer.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets, both to be held and used and held for sale, for impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of long-lived assets is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such assets is less than the carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that the fair values are based primarily on independent appraisals and preliminary or definitive contractual arrangements less costs to dispose. We did not record an impairment charge on long-lived assets during fiscal years 2021, 2020 or 2019.
Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. We periodically evaluate the deferred tax assets based on the requirements established in FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the need for, or amount of, any valuation allowance involves significant judgment and is based upon the evaluation of both positive and negative evidence, including estimates of anticipated taxable profits in various jurisdictions with which the deferred tax assets are associated. At April 3, 2021, based on historical profits earned and forecasted taxable profits, we determined that all deferred tax assets, except for certain state net operating loss deferred tax assets, would be utilized in future periods.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are tested annually for impairment. The analysis depends upon a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions. Accordingly, such testing is subject to uncertainties, which could cause the fair value to fluctuate from period to period.
As of April 3, 2021, all of our goodwill is attributable to the factory-built housing segment. We performed the annual goodwill impairment analysis as of April 3, 2021, in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. The analysis determined that the fair value of the reporting unit was greater than the carrying value and thus no further procedures were considered necessary.
In the event that we are not able to achieve expected cash flow levels, or other factors indicate that goodwill is impaired, we may need to write off all or part of the goodwill, which would adversely affect our operating results and net worth. See Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors."
Other Matters
Related Party Transactions. We have non-marketable equity investments in other distribution operations outside of Company-owned retail stores. In the ordinary course of business, we sell homes and lend to certain of these operations through the commercial lending programs. For the years ended April 3, 2021, March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the total amount of sales to related parties were $46.7 million, $51.0 million and $42.2 million, respectively. As of April 3, 2021, receivables from related parties included $4.7 million of accounts receivable and $9.5 million of commercial loans outstanding. As of March 28, 2020, receivables from related parties included $1.7 million of accounts receivable and $8.2 million of commercial loans outstanding.
Impact of Inflation. Sudden increases in specific costs, such as the increases in material and labor, as well as price competition, can affect our ability to efficiently increase selling prices and may adversely impact our results of operations. We can give no assurance that inflation will not affect future profitability.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We may from time to time be exposed to interest rate risk inherent in our financial instruments, but we are not currently subject to foreign currency or commodity price risk. We manage exposure to these market risks through our regular operating and financing activities.
The Company's operations are interest rate sensitive. As overall manufactured housing demand can be adversely affected by increases in interest rates, a significant increase in wholesale or mortgage interest rates may negatively affect the ability of distributors and home buyers to secure financing. Higher interest rates could unfavorably impact revenues, gross margins and net earnings.
We are exposed to market risk related to the accessibility and terms of long-term financing of our consumer loans. In the past, we have accessed the asset-backed securities market to provide term financing of home-only and non-conforming mortgage originations. At present, independent asset-backed and mortgage-backed securitization markets are not readily available to us or other manufactured housing lenders. Accordingly, we have not continued to securitize our loan originations as a means to obtain long-term funding.
We are also exposed to market risks related to the consumer and commercial loan notes receivables. For fixed and step rate instruments, changes in interest rates do not change future earnings and cash flows. However, changes in interest rates could affect the fair value of these instruments. Assuming the level of these instruments as of April 3, 2021 is held constant, a 1% (100 basis points) unfavorable change in average interest rates would adversely impact the fair value of these instruments, as follows:
($ in thousands) Reduction in Fair Value
Consumer loans receivable $ 3,317
Commercial loans receivable 344
Securitized financings
In originating loans for sale, we issue interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") to prospective borrowers and third-party originators. These IRLCs represent an agreement to extend credit to a loan applicant, whereby the interest rate on the loan is set prior to loan closing or sale. These IRLCs bind us to fund the approved loan at the specified rate regardless of whether interest rates or market prices for similar loans have changed between the commitment date and the closing date. As such, outstanding IRLCs are subject to interest rate risk and related loan sale price risk during the period from the date of the IRLC through the earlier of the loan sale date or IRLC expiration date. The loan commitments generally range between 30 and 180 days; however, borrowers are not obligated to close the related loans. As a result, we are also subject to fallout risk related to IRLCs, which is realized if approved borrowers choose not to close on the loans within the terms of the IRLCs. As of April 3, 2021, we had outstanding IRLCs with a notional amount of $37.7 million recorded at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The estimated fair values of IRLCs are based on quoted market values and are recorded in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of IRLCs is based on the value of the underlying loan adjusted for: (i) estimated cost to complete and originate the loan and (ii) the estimated percentage of IRLCs that will result in closed loans. The initial and subsequent changes in the value of IRLCs are a component of current income. Assuming the level of IRLCs is held constant, a 1% (100 basis points) increase in average interest rates would decrease the fair value of the obligations by approximately $340,000.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Reference is made to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Reports thereon, the Notes thereto, and the supplementary data commencing on page of this report, which Consolidated Financial Statements, Reports, Notes and data are incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Accounting Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Accounting Officer concluded that, as of April 3, 2021, its disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management's Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
The management of Cavco Industries, Inc. (the "Company") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company's assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that the Company's receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, the Company's controls and procedures may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all controls systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("2013 framework"). Based on management's evaluation under the criteria in the 2013 framework, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 3, 2021.
The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of April 3, 2021 has been audited by RSM US LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2021, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Cavco Industries, Inc.
Opinion on the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Cavco Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of April 3, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 3, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of April 3, 2021 and March 28, 2020, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended April 3, 2021, and the related notes and our report dated May 27, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ RSM US LLP
Phoenix, Arizona
May 27, 2021

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required to be disclosed by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2021 Proxy Statement"), which proxy statement we expect to file with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended April 3, 2021.
The Company has a Code of Ethics that applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company. A copy of the Company's Code of Ethics is located on the Company's website at www.cavco.com or will be mailed, at no charge, upon request submitted to Mickey R. Dragash, Secretary, Cavco Industries, Inc., 3636 North Central Avenue, Suite 1200, Phoenix, Arizona, 85012. If the Company makes any amendment to, or grants any waivers of, a provision of the Code of Ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller where such amendment or waiver is required to be disclosed under applicable SEC rules, the Company intends to disclose such amendment or waiver and the reasons therefore on its website at www.cavco.com.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required to be disclosed by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our 2021 Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required to be disclosed by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our 2021 Proxy Statement.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information as of April 3, 2021, with respect to the Company's compensation plans and individual compensation arrangements under which the Company's equity securities were authorized for issuance to directors, officers, employees, consultants and certain other persons and entities in exchange for the provision of goods or services.
Plan Category Number of
Securities to be
Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants, and
Rights (a) Weighted-
Average Exercise
Price of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants, and
Rights Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation
Plans (Excluding
Securities Reflected in
Column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders 251,749 $ 146.86 295,571
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders - - -
Total 251,749 $ 146.86 295,571

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required to be disclosed by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our 2021 Proxy Statement.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required to be disclosed by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our 2021 Proxy Statement.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
Financial Statements are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page of this report.
All schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
Exhibits
The documents listed below are being filed or have previously been filed on behalf of the Company and are incorporated herein by reference from the documents indicated and made a part hereof. Exhibits not identified as previously filed are filed herewith.
Copies of any of the exhibits referred to below will be furnished at no cost to security holders who make a written request to Mickey R. Dragash, Secretary, Cavco Industries, Inc., 3636 North Central Avenue, Suite 1200, Phoenix, Arizona, 85012 or via the Company website (www.cavco.com).
Exhibit
Number Exhibit Filed/Furnished Herewith or
Incorporated by Reference
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cavco
Exhibit 3.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004
3.2
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cavco
Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2006
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cavco
Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 27, 2015
3.4
Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Cavco
Exhibit 3.1 to the Periodic Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2020
4.1
Description of Registrant's Securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Exhibit 4.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020
10.1*
Stock Incentive Plan of Cavco
Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form 10/A (File No. 000-08822) filed by Cavco on May 30, 2003
10.1.1*
Amendment to the Cavco Industries, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan
Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2010
10.2*
Cavco 2005 Stock Incentive Plan
Exhibit A to the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 23, 2005
10.2.1*
First Amendment to Cavco Industries, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan
Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2010
10.2.2*
Second Amendment to Cavco Industries, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan
Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2015
10.2.3*
Form of Stock Option Agreement for Stock Incentive Plan
Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2012
10.2.4*
Form of Stock Option Agreement for Stock Incentive Plan
Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 2, 2016
10.2.5*
Form of Stock Option Agreement for Stock Incentive Plan
Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 2019
10.2.6*
Amendment to the 2017 Stock Option Award Agreement effective as of April 15, 2019, by and between the Company and Dan Urness
Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2019
10.2.7*
Amendment to the 2018 Stock Option Award Agreement effective as of April 15, 2019, by and between the Company and Dan Urness
Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2019
10.2.8*
Form of Cavco Industries, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement
Exhibit 10.2.10 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 30, 2019
10.3*
Transition Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2018, by and between Cavco Industries, Inc. and Joseph Stegmayer
Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2018
Exhibit
Number Exhibit Filed/Furnished Herewith or
Incorporated by Reference
10.3.1*
Indemnification Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2018, by and between Daniel L. Urness and Cavco Industries, Inc.
Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2018
10.3.2*
Employment Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2019, by and between William C. Boor and Cavco Industries, Inc.
Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2019
10.3.3*
Employment Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2019, by and between Daniel L. Urness and Cavco Industries, Inc.
Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2019
10.3.4*
Employment Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2019, by and between Mickey R. Dragash and Cavco Industries, Inc.
Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2019
10.3.5*
Larry Keener Retirement Letter, dated January 28, 2020
Exhibit 10.3.5 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020
10.3.6*
Offer Letter, dated as of January 7, 2020, between the Company and Matthew Niño
Exhibit 10.3.6 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020
10.3.7*
Severance Agreement, dated April 14, 2020, by and between Simone Reynolds and Cavco Industries, Inc.
Exhibit 10.3.7 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020
10.3.8*
Severance Agreement, dated May 20, 2020, by and between Steven K. Like and Cavco Industries, Inc.
Exhibit 10.3.8 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020
10.3.9*
Separation Agreement, dated as of February 19, 2021, by and between Cavco Industries, Inc. and Daniel L. Urness
Filed herewith
10.4*
Executive Officer Incentive Plans for Fiscal Year 2019
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 12, 2018
10.4.1*
Executive Officer Incentive Plans for Fiscal Year 2020
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2019
10.5
Form of Indemnification Agreement
Exhibit 10.5 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2019
10.6
Cavco Industries, Inc. Clawback Policy
Exhibit 10.6 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020
List of Subsidiaries of Cavco
Filed herewith
Consent of RSM US LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Filed herewith
31.1
Certificate of William C. Boor, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
Filed herewith
31.2
Certificate of Paul Bigbee, Chief Accounting Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
Filed herewith
32.1**
Certifications of President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Furnished herewith
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File- the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
** These certifications are not "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. These certifications are not to be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, unless Cavco specifically incorporates them by reference.