EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 33002
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 33002_10-K_2023_0000950170-23-021681.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Ennis, Inc. (formerly Ennis Business Forms, Inc.) (collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” “Registrant,” “Ennis,” or “we,” “us,” or “our”) was organized under the laws of Texas in 1909. We and our subsidiaries print and manufacture a broad line of business forms and other business products. We distribute business products and forms throughout the United States primarily through independent distributors. This distributor channel encompasses independent print distributors, commercial printers, direct mail, fulfillment companies, payroll and accounts payable software companies, and advertising agencies, among others. We also sell products to many of our competitors to satisfy their customers’ needs.
Business Overview
Our management believes we are the largest provider of business forms, pressure-seal forms, labels, tags, envelopes, and presentation folders to independent distributors in the United States.
We are in the business of manufacturing, designing and selling business forms and other printed business products primarily to distributors located in the United States. We operate 54 manufacturing plants throughout the United States in 20 strategically located states as one reportable segment. Approximately 95% of the business products we manufacture are custom and semi-custom products, constructed in a wide variety of sizes, colors, number of parts and quantities on an individual job basis, depending upon the customers’ specifications.
The products we sell include snap sets, continuous forms, laser cut sheets, tags, labels, envelopes, integrated products, jumbo rolls and pressure sensitive products in short, medium and long runs under the following labels: Ennis®, Royal Business Forms®, Block Graphics®, 360º Custom LabelsSM, ColorWorx®, Enfusion®, Uncompromised Check Solutions®, VersaSeal®, Ad ConceptsSM, FormSource LimitedSM, Star Award Ribbon Company®, Witt Printing®, B&D Litho®, Genforms®, PrintGraphics®, Calibrated Forms®, PrintXcel®, Printegra®, Forms ManufacturersSM, Mutual Graphics®, TRI-C Business FormsSM, Major Business SystemsSM, Independent PrintingSM, Hoosier Data Forms®, Hayes Graphics®, Wright Business GraphicsSM, Wright 360SM, Integrated Print & GraphicsSM, the Flesh CompanySM, Impressions DirectSM and AmeriPrintSM; We also sell the Adams McClure® brand (which provides Point of Purchase advertising); the Admore®, Folder Express®, and Independent Folders® brands (which provide presentation folders and document folders); Ennis Tag & LabelSM (which provides custom printed, high performance labels and custom and stock tags); Allen-Bailey Tag & LabelSM, Atlas Tag & Label®, Kay Toledo Tag®, and Special Service Partners® (SSP) (which provides custom and stock tags and labels); Trade Envelopes®, Block Graphics®, Wisco®, and National Imprint Corporation® (which provide custom and imprinted envelopes) and Northstar® and General Financial Supply® (which provide financial and security documents); InfosealSM and PrintXcel® (which provide custom and stock pressure seal documents). School Photo Marketing is a one-stop shop for over 1,400 school portrait photographers and professional photo labs nationwide, providing them with a complete array of products and services that reach over 15 million families and 30,000 schools, primarily in the K-8 market. We sell predominantly through independent distributors, as well as to many of our competitors. Northstar Computer Forms, Inc., one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, also sells direct to a small number of customers, generally large banking organizations (where a distributor is not acceptable or available to the end-user). Adams McClure, LP, a wholly-owned subsidiary, also sells direct to a small number of customers, where sales are generally through advertising agencies.
The printing industry generally sells its products either predominantly to end users, a market dominated by a few large manufacturers, such as R.R. Donnelley and Sons, Staples, Inc., Standard Register Co. (a subsidiary of Taylor Corporation), and Cenveo, Inc., or, like the Company, through a variety of independent distributors and distributor groups. While it is not possible, because of the lack of adequate public statistical information, to determine the Company’s share of the total business products market, management believes the Company is the largest producer of business forms, pressure-seal forms, labels, tags, envelopes, and presentation folders in the United States distributing primarily through independent distributors.
There are a number of competitors that operate in this segment, ranging in size from single employee-owned operations to multi-plant organizations. We believe our strategic locations and buying power permit us to compete on a favorable basis within the distributor market on competitive factors, such as service, quality, and price.
Distribution of business forms and other business products throughout the United States is primarily done through independent distributors, including business forms distributors, resellers, direct mail, commercial printers, payroll and accounts payable software companies, and advertising agencies.
Raw materials principally consist of a wide variety of weights, widths, colors, sizes, and qualities of paper for business products purchased primarily from one major supplier at favorable prices based on the volume of business.
Business products usage in the printing industry is generally not seasonal. General economic conditions and contraction of the traditional business forms industry are the predominant factors in quarterly volume fluctuations.
Recent Acquisitions
We have completed a number of acquisitions in recent years.
On November 30, 2022, the Company acquired the assets and business from School Photo Marketing ("SPM") in Morganville, New Jersey, which prior to the acquisition generated approximately $5.9 million in sales for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. SPM provides printing, yearbook publishing and marketing related services to over 1,400 school and sports photographers servicing schools around the country.
On June 1, 2021, the Company acquired the assets and business from AmeriPrint Corporation ("AmeriPrint") in Harvard, Illinois, which prior to the acquisition generated approximately $6.5 million in sales for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, adding capabilities and expertise to our expanding product offering including barcoding and variable imaging.
On December 31, 2020, we acquired the assets of Infoseal LLC (“Infoseal”) in Roanoke, Virginia. The acquisition of Infoseal, which prior to the acquisition generated approximately $19.2 million in sales for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, creates additional capabilities and expertise to our product offering including our existing VersaSeal pressure seal product line.
Patents, Licenses, Franchises and Concessions
Other than the patent for our VersaSeal® product, we do not have any significant patents, licenses, franchises, or concessions.
Intellectual Property
We market our products under a number of trademarks and trade names. The protection of our trademarks is important to our business. We believe that our registered and common law trademarks have significant value and these trademarks are important to our ability to create and sustain demand for our products. We have registered trademarks in the United States for Ennis®, EnnisOnlineSM, B&D Litho of AZ®, B&D Litho®, ACR®, Block Graphics®, Enfusion®, 360º Custom LabelsSM, Admore®, CashManagementSupply.comSM, Securestar®, Northstar®, MICRLink®, MICR ConnectionTM, Ennisstores.comTM, General Financial Supply®, Calibrated Forms®, PrintXcel®, Printegra®, Trade Envelopes®, Witt Printing®, Genforms®, Royal Business Forms®, Crabar/GBFSM, BF&SSM, Adams McClure®, Advertising ConceptsTM, ColorWorx®, Allen-Bailey Tag & LabelSM, Atlas Tag & Label®, PrintgraphicsSM, Uncompromised Check Solutions®, VersaSeal®, VersaSeal SecureX®, Folder Express®, Wisco®, National Imprint Corporation®, Star Award Ribbon®, Kay Toledo Tag®, Falcon Business FormsSM, Forms ManufacturersSM, Mutual Graphics®, TRI-C Business FormsSM, SSP®, EOSTouchpoint®, Printersmall®, Check Guard®, Envirofolder®, Independent®, Independent Checks®, Independent Folders®, Independent Large Format Solutions®, Wright Business GraphicsSM, Wright 360SM, Integrated Print & GraphicsSM, the Flesh CompanySM, Impressions DirectSM, MegaformSM, Safe®, InfosealSM, and variations of these brands as well as other trademarks. We have similar trademark registrations internationally for certain trademarks.
Customers
No single customer accounts for as much as five percent of our consolidated net sales or accounts receivable.
Backlog
At February 28, 2023, our backlog of firm orders was approximately $46.7 million, compared to approximately $38.4 million at February 28, 2022.
Research and Development
While we seek new products to sell through our distribution channel, there have been no material amounts spent on research and development in fiscal years 2023, 2022 or 2021.
Environment
We are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other things, wastewater discharges, air emissions and solid waste disposal. Our manufacturing processes do not emit substantial foreign substances into the environment. We do not believe that our compliance with federal, state, or local statutes or regulations relating to the protection of the environment has any material effect upon capital expenditures, earnings or our competitive position. There can be no assurance, however, that future changes in federal, state, or local regulations, interpretations of existing regulations or the discovery of currently unknown problems or conditions will not require substantial additional expenditures. Similarly, the extent of our liability, if any, for past failures to comply with laws, regulations, and permits applicable to our operations cannot be determined.
Environmental Stewardship
Ennis respects the environment and makes all attempts to protect our natural resources. We believe we comply with all laws and regulations regarding the use and preservation of our land, air, and water. This principle has been part of our Code of Conduct since 2005. Our goal of operating in an environmentally responsible manner aligns with our goals of operating a profitable and responsible business. For example, we recycle waste material generated in our printing processes to generate income from selling the scrap material. We recycled 23.1 million pounds of paper and 2.2 million pounds of cardboard and cores in 2023. Additionally, the use of soy based inks allows us to avoid cleaning solutions that may pose environmental hazards. We use environmentally friendly cleaning agents to insure that our waste water is not contaminated and does not require special disposal.
Many of our plants engage with local energy suppliers to ask for recommendations on lowering energy usage. Participation in these energy audits generally results in replacing old lighting with more efficient LED lighting. Additionally, newer digital technology, which we have implemented in several of our locations, relies on less energy than older web-based presses due to shorter runs and ink jet technology.
Another aspect of our business model which reduces carbon emissions is the reduction in transportation costs for our employees, as well as our customers. Approximately 80% of our facilities are located in small towns where the employees are less than 10 miles from the plant, and travel time is minimal. Our geographical dispersion reduces the amount of transportation time and distance associated with delivering our products to our customers. Likewise we use third party transportation and logistical companies to pick up and deliver our products. Partnering with larger shipping organizations that have the scale to be more resourceful and implement more energy efficient delivery methods enables us to ship our products in an efficient and effective manner.
Our primary supplier of paper is vital to our business as they supply raw materials that are minimally altered during the production process. Our primary supplier is SFI, FSC and PEFC certified. The SFI Forest Management Standard covers key values such as protection of biodiversity, species at risk and wildlife habitat; sustainable harvest levels; protection of water quality; and prompt regeneration. FSC certification ensures that products come from responsibly-managed forests that provide environmental, social and economic benefits. PEFC cares for forests globally and locally. They work to protect our forests by promoting sustainable forest management through certification. This means that all can benefit from the many products that forests provide now, while ensuring these forests will be around for generations to come. The Company’s primary paper supplier ensures that all of their supply chain materials are sourced with similar accredited suppliers allowing for more transparency and a more trustworthy supplier commitment to quality, safety and the protection of our natural resources.
Additionally, we use material safety sheets which outline potential hazardous materials so as to minimize the use of more hazardous materials. Given the low and de minimus use of these potentially hazardous materials, our plants generally fit in the lowest category of reporting standards to various state and local environmental agencies. The Company requires facility managers to minimize the use or site storage of any hazardous chemicals. Two thirds of our facilities are categorized as Very Small Quantity Generators and one third are considered Small Quantity Generators under the Environmental Protection Agency’s (“EPA”) hazardous waste regulations. Any hazardous waste generated is stored and properly disposed of in compliance with all EPA regulations and permits.
Two of our largest facilities have solvent recovery systems which allows recovery of press plate washing solutions for re-use. These systems result in a substantial reduction of any hazardous waste. The Company ensures that we are in compliance with applicable state and federal environmental laws on hazardous materials including Proposition 65 in California and federal Conflict Minerals compliance.
Attention to choice of material suppliers, transportation partners, energy usage and avoidance of hazardous wastes that might impact waste water disposal, are part of the business model that improves or avoids damage to the environment we live and work in.
Human Capital
At February 28, 2023, we had 1,919 employees. 167 employees are represented by labor unions under collective bargaining agreements, which are subject to periodic negotiations. We believe we have a good working relationship with all of the unions that represent our employees.
Social Responsibility
Equal Employment Opportunity: Ennis promotes a cooperative and productive work environment by supporting the cultural and ethnic diversity of its workforce and is committed to providing equal employment opportunity to all qualified employees and applicants. Pursuant to our Code of Conduct adopted in 2005 and reviewed at least annually, we do not unlawfully discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, sexual orientation, religion, national origin, marital status, age, disability, or veteran status in any personnel practice, including recruitment, hiring, training, promotion, and discipline. We are an Equal Opportunity Employer and we comply with all employment laws including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Immigration and Nationality Act, and the Immigration Reform and Control Act. We take allegations of harassment and unlawful discrimination seriously and address all such concerns that are raised regarding our Code of Conduct.
Safety and Health: A safe and clean work environment is important to the well-being of all Ennis employees. Ennis complies with applicable safety and health regulations and appropriate practices. Throughout the year facilities are reviewed monthly to determine if the accidents/injuries that occurred could have been avoided. Incidents are reviewed to determine measures that can be taken to prevent reoccurrence of claims at that facility or another facility. A monthly Facility Report is sent to all facilities reminding them about safety issues and certain claims that have occurred in other locations. Annually, facilities are required to submit an audit of compliance
with mandated OSHA safety programs. Facilities that have higher than normal claims are worked with directly or visited by a business director or a representative from our workers’ compensation carrier. Protocols and trainings are in place to protect the health and safety of all our employees. Safety audits are completed throughout the organization. The Company strictly monitors safety issues in all of our facilities, and each facility has someone in charge of review and training of employees on safety issues. Consistent with our culture of promoting workplace safety, our plants take pride in detailing the amount of time since the last safety incident and strive to maintain the lack of an occurrence.
Ennis is dedicated to ensuring that business is conducted ethically. All Ennis management must read, agree with, and sign a Code of Conduct and Ethics policy at least annually.
Each of our locations support local non-profit organizations, educational institutions and youth sport teams based on their local community needs. The majority of our locations are located in suburban or rural communities where the plant is a major employer and supporter of the local economy. Some examples include Midlothian Educational Foundation (Ennis is a founding member), Project Graduation, Toys for Tots, Angel Trees, United Way fundraisers, and youth sport team sponsorships. Additional support includes in-kind donations, volunteer hours and financial support for various local organizations.
Available Information
Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge under the Investors Relations page on our website, www.ennis.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Information on our website is not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report. Our SEC filings are also available through the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, before making an investment in our common stock. The risks described below are not the only ones we face in our business. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed. In such an event, our common stock could decline in price and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks related to our business and operations
Our results and financial condition are affected by global and local market conditions, and competitors’ pricing strategies, which can adversely affect our sales, margins, and net income.
Our results of operations can be affected by local, national and worldwide market conditions. The consequences of domestic and international economic uncertainty or instability, volatility in commodity markets, and domestic or international policy uncertainty, all of which we have seen in the past, can all impact economic activity. Unfavorable conditions can depress the demand for our products and thus sales in a given market and may prompt competitor’s pricing strategies that adversely affect our margins or constrain our operating flexibility. Certain macroeconomic events, such as crises in the financial markets, could have a more wide-ranging and prolonged impact on the general business environment, which could also adversely affect us. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted local, national and worldwide economies, and introduced market volatility. Whether we can manage these risks effectively depends on several factors, including (i) our ability to manage movements in commodity prices and the impact of government actions to manage national economic conditions such as consumer spending, inflation rates and unemployment levels, particularly given the past volatility in the global financial markets, (ii) the impact on our margins of labor costs given our labor-intensive business model, the trend toward higher wages in both mature and developing markets and the potential impact of union organizing efforts on day-to-day operations of our manufacturing facilities and (iii) other factors, which may be beyond our control.
Digital technologies will continue to erode the demand for our printed business documents.
The increasing sophistication of software, internet technologies, and digital equipment combined with our customers’ general preference, as well as governmental influences for paperless business environments will continue to reduce the number of traditional printed documents sold. Moreover, the documents that will continue to coexist with software applications will likely contain less value-added print content.
Many of our custom-printed documents help companies control their internal business processes and facilitate the flow of information. These applications will increasingly be conducted over the internet or through other electronic payment systems. The predominant method of our customers’ communication to their customers is by printed information. As their customers become more accepting of internet communications, our clients may increasingly opt for what is perceived to be a less costly electronic option, which would reduce our revenue. The pace of these trends is difficult to predict. These factors will tend to reduce the industry-wide demand for printed documents and require us to gain market share to maintain or increase our current level of print-based revenue which could place pressure on our operating margins.
In response to the gradual obsolescence of our standardized forms business, we continue to develop our capability to provide custom and full-color products. If new printing capabilities and new product introductions do not continue to offset the obsolescence of our standardized business forms products, and we are unable to increase our market share, our sales and profits will be affected. Decreases in sales of our standardized business forms and products due to obsolescence could also reduce our gross margins or impact the value of our recorded goodwill and intangible assets. This reduction could in turn adversely impact our profits, unless we are able to offset the reduction through the introduction of new high margin products and services or realize cost savings in other areas.
We obtain our raw materials from a limited number of suppliers, and any disruption in our relationships with these suppliers, or any substantial increase in the price of raw materials or material shortages could have a material adverse effect on us.
We currently purchase the majority of our paper products from one major supplier at favorable costs based on the volume of business, and traditionally we have purchased our paper products from a limited number of suppliers, all of which must meet stringent quality and on-time delivery standards under long-term contracts. Fluctuations in the quality of our paper, unexpected price changes or other factors that relate to our suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic made it more expensive or more difficult to source raw materials for our products, whether from our existing suppliers or new suppliers. Paper supply and other raw materials were limited, and due to tight demand and supply there was a significant amount of upward pressure on prices.
Paper is a commodity that is subject to frequent increases or decreases in price, and these fluctuations are sometimes significant. The prices for paper and many of our raw materials have been volatile and may continue to increase due to overall inflationary pressure and global market conditions. We believe there is no effective market of derivative instruments to insulate us against unexpected changes in price of paper in a cost-effective manner, and negotiated purchase contracts provide only limited protection against price increases. Generally, when paper prices increase, we attempt to recover the higher costs by raising the prices of our products to our customers. In the price-competitive marketplaces in which we operate, however, we may not always be able to pass through any or all of the higher costs. As such, any significant increase in the price of paper or shortage in its availability could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Challenging financial market conditions and changes in long-term interest rates could adversely impact the funded status of our pension plan.
We maintain a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan (the “Pension Plan”) covering approximately 13% of our employees. As of February 28, 2023, the Pension Plan was 99% funded on a projected benefit obligation (PBO) basis and 105% on an accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) basis. Included in our financial results are Pension Plan costs that are measured using actuarial valuations. The actuarial assumptions used may differ from actual results. In addition, as our Pension Plan assets are invested in marketable securities, fluctuations in market values can negatively impact our funded status, recorded pension liability, and future required minimum contribution levels. A decline in long-term debt interest rates puts downward pressure on the discount rate used by plan sponsors to determine their pension liabilities. Each 10 basis point change in the discount rate impacts our computed pension liability by
approximately $525,000. Similar to fluctuations in market values, a drop in the discount rate can negatively impact our funded status, recorded pension liability and future contribution levels. Also, continued changes in the mortality assumptions can impact our funded status. Additionally, as we experienced in recent months, the number of retirees taking lump sum distributions could be sufficiently high as to cause a settlement charge, which would impact current earnings of the Pension Plan.
We may be unable to identify or to complete acquisitions or to successfully integrate the businesses we acquire.
We have evaluated, and may continue to evaluate, potential acquisition transactions. We attempt to address the potential risks inherent in assessing the attractiveness of acquisition candidates, as well as other challenges such as retaining the employees and integrating the operations of the businesses we acquire. Integrating acquired operations involves significant risks and uncertainties, including maintenance of uniform standards, controls, policies and procedures; diversion of management’s attention from normal business operations during the integration process; unplanned expenses associated with integration efforts; and unidentified issues not discovered in due diligence, including legal contingencies. Due to these risks and others, there can be no guarantee that the businesses we acquire will lead to the cost savings or increases in net sales that we expect or desire. Additionally, there can be no assurance that suitable acquisition opportunities will be available in the future, which could harm our strategic business plan as acquisitions are part of our strategy to offset normal print attrition.
Our distributor customers may be acquired by other manufacturers who redirect business within their plants.
Some of our customers are being absorbed by the distribution channels of some of our manufacturing competitors. However, we do not believe this will significantly impact our business model. We have continued to sell to some of these customers even after they were absorbed by our competition because of the breadth of our product line and our geographic diversity.
Our distributors face increased competition from various sources, such as office supply superstores. Increased competition may require us to reduce prices or to offer other incentives in order to enable our distributors to attract new customers and retain existing customers.
Low price, high value office supply chain stores offer standardized business forms, checks and related products. Because of their size, these superstores have the buying power to offer many of these products at competitive prices. These superstores also offer the convenience of “one-stop” shopping for a broad array of office supplies that our distributors do not offer. In addition, superstores have the financial strength to reduce prices or increase promotional discounts to expand market share. This could result in us reducing our prices or offering incentives in order to enable our distributors to attract new customers and retain existing customers, which could reduce our profits.
We could experience labor disputes, labor shortages and increases in cost of labor that could disrupt our business in the future and impact operating results.
As of February 28, 2023, approximately 8% of our employees are represented by labor unions under collective bargaining agreements, which are subject to periodic negotiations. While we believe we have a good working relationship with all of the unions, there can be no assurance that any future labor negotiations will prove successful, which may result in a significant increase in the cost of labor, or may break down and result in the disruption of our business or operations.
Conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and other economic factors have contributed to tightening and increased competitiveness in the labor market, increasing labor costs. A prolonged labor shortage could potentially adversely affect our business operations and further increase labor costs.
We face intense competition to gain market share, which may lead some competitors to sell substantial amounts of goods at prices against which we cannot profitably compete.
Our marketing strategy is to differentiate ourselves by providing quality service and quality products to our customers. Even if this strategy is successful, the results may be offset by reductions in demand or price declines due to competitors’ pricing strategies or other micro or macro-economic factors. We face the risk of our competition following a strategy of selling its products at or below cost in order to cover some amount of fixed costs, especially in stressed economic times.
Environmental regulations may impact our future operating results.
We are subject to extensive and changing federal, state and foreign laws and regulations establishing health and environmental quality standards, concerning, among other things, wastewater discharges, air emissions and solid waste disposal, and may be subject to liability or penalties for violations of those standards. We are also subject to laws and regulations governing remediation of contamination at facilities currently or formerly owned or operated by us or to which we have sent hazardous substances or wastes for treatment, recycling or disposal. We may be subject to future liabilities or obligations as a result of new or more stringent interpretations of existing laws and regulations. In addition, we may have liabilities or obligations in the future if we discover any environmental contamination or liability at any of our facilities, or at facilities we may acquire.
We are subject to taxation related risks.
We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state jurisdictions. Applicable tax rates and the jurisdictions within which we operate can vary and therefore our effective tax rate may be adversely affected by changes in the mix of our earnings by jurisdiction. We may be subject to audits of our income, sales and other transaction taxes by U.S. federal and state authorities. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Income, sales or other tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are applied. Most recently, on August 16, 2022, legislation commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act (the "IRA") was signed into law. Among other things, the IRA includes a 1% excise tax on corporate stock repurchases, applicable to repurchases after December 31, 2022, and also a new minimum tax based on book income. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 resulted in changes in our federal corporate tax rate, our deferred income taxes and limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and executive compensation and the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial tax system. There may be changes in tax legislation, including a repeal or modification of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, changes in tax rates and tax base such as limiting, phasing-out or eliminating deductions, revising tax law interpretations in jurisdictions, and changes in other tax laws. The U.S. government has proposed changes to increase the tax rates on corporations. All of these factors and uncertainties may adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
We are exposed to the risk of non-payment by our customers on a significant amount of our sales.
Our extension of credit involves considerable judgment and is based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition and payment history. We monitor our credit risk exposure by periodically obtaining credit reports and updated financials on our customers. We generally see a heightened amount of bankruptcies by our customers during economic downturns. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on our customers, could have a negative impact on our collection efforts. While we maintain an allowance for doubtful receivables for potential credit losses based upon our historical trends and other available information, in times of economic turmoil, there is heightened risk that our historical indicators may prove to be inaccurate. The inability to collect on sales to significant customers or a group of customers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our business incurs significant freight and transportation costs.
We incur transportation expenses to ship our products to our customers. Significant increases in the costs of freight and transportation could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, as there can be no assurance that we could pass on these increased costs to our customers. Government regulations can and have impacted the availability of drivers, which will be a significant challenge to the transportation industry. Costs to employ drivers have increased and transportation shortages have become more prevalent. Additionally, the challenge of employing new drivers for the increasingly larger web-based economy could create shortages in trucks and drivers which could impact our sales. During fiscal year 2023, we experienced significantly higher freight and transportation costs as a result of overall inflationary pressures, and transportation and logistics constraints resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
A natural disaster, catastrophe, pandemic or other unexpected events could adversely affect our operations.
The occurrence of one or more unexpected events, including war, acts of terrorism or violence, civil unrest, epidemics or pandemics, fires, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and other forms of severe weather in the United States could adversely affect our operations and financial performance. Although we maintain third party insurance against various liability risks and risks of property loss for items we believe are economically reasonable to insure, we could incur uninsured losses and liabilities arising from such events which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had and may continue to have adverse effects on our results of operations, financial condition and stock price.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant downturn in global economic activity and subsequently caused significant market volatility and operational challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by many countries in response have adversely affected and could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price. Our sales were significantly impacted by economic conditions driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulted in a decrease in sales volume and earnings in fiscal year 2021. While the demand for our products appears to have recovered in 2022 and 2023, economic uncertainties could continue to affect customer demand for our products and services, and the longer term effects of the pandemic, including supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures are unknown and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We depend on the reliability of our IT and network infrastructure as well as those of third parties. If these systems fail, our operations may be adversely affected.
We depend on information technology and data processing systems to operate our business, and a significant malfunction or disruption in the operation of our systems may disrupt our business and adversely affect our ability to operate and compete in the markets we serve. This could take various forms, including through the injection of ransomware on our IT infrastructure rendering it inoperable without the payment of some form of cyber currency. These systems include systems that we own and operate, as well as systems of our vendors or other third parties. Such systems are susceptible to ransomware attacks, malfunctions, interruptions and phishing scams, for example. We also periodically upgrade and install new systems, which if installed or programmed incorrectly, may cause significant disruptions. These disruptions could interrupt our operations and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Increasing global cybersecurity attacks and regulatory focus on privacy and security issues could impact our business, expose us to increased liability, subject us to lawsuits, investigations and other liabilities and restrictions on our operations that could significantly and adversely affect our business.
Along with our own data and information in the normal course of our business, we and our customers and partners collect and retain significant volumes of certain types of data, some of which are subject to specific laws and regulations. Complying with varying jurisdictional requirements is becoming increasingly complex and could increase the costs and difficulty of compliance, and violations of applicable data protection laws. Many of our clients provide us with information they consider confidential or sensitive, and many of our client’s industries have established standards for safeguarding the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information relating to their businesses and customers. Data stored in our systems or available through web portals is susceptible to cybercrime or intentional disruption, which have increased globally across all industries in terms of sophistication and frequency. Disclosure of data maintained on our network, a security breach of our systems or other similar events may damage our reputation, subject us to regulatory enforcement action, third party litigation and cause significant reputational or financial harm for our clients and partners. Any of these outcomes may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
As previously disclosed, the Company was targeted with an encryption ransomware attack on November 30, 2022. The attack was discovered while it was in process and immediate action was taken to isolate our network to limit the scope of any damage. The attack resulted in a brief disruption to the operation of our systems as we took our servers offline to eradicate the ransomware and restore our data and applications from secure backups. The Company did not
communicate with the ransomware threat actor and never considered paying any ransom demand. Instead, the Company eliminated the ransomware and immediately proceeded to restore its critical files and functions. The Company incurred no material expense in connection with the ransomware attack. Based on the information currently known to date, the incident has not had a significant financial impact and the Company does not believe the incident will have a material impact on its business, results of operations or financial condition. Despite us improving our Information Technology General Controls, we cannot give any assurances that the Company will not become the subject of a future more sophisticated, or more harmful attack.
Increases in the cost of employee benefits could impact our financial results and cash flow.
Our expenses relating to employee health benefits are significant. Unfavorable changes in the cost of such benefits could impact our financial results and cash flow. Healthcare costs have risen significantly in recent years, and recent legislative and private sector initiatives regarding healthcare reform could result in significant changes to the U.S. healthcare system. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic may result in temporary or permanent healthcare reform measures, would could result in significant cost increases and other negative impacts to our business. While the Company has various cost control measures in place and employs an outside oversight review on larger claims, employee health benefits have been and are expected to continue to be a significant cost to us and may increase due to factors outside the Company’s control.
Risks related to our securities
Because of the volatility in the stock market in general, the market price of our Common Stock will also likely be volatile.
The stock markets have historically experienced price and volume fluctuations that at times have been extreme and have affected, and continue to affect, the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory and market conditions, may negatively impact the market price of our common stock. If the market price of our Class A common stock falls below your investment price, you may lose some or all of your investment. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the marker price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future, which could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
There are no unresolved SEC staff comments.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our corporate headquarters are located in Midlothian, Texas, and we operate manufacturing facilities throughout the United States. See the table below for additional information regarding our locations.
All of our properties are used for the production, warehousing and shipping of business products, including the following: business forms, flexographic printing, and advertising specialties (Wolfe City, Texas); presentation products (Macomb, Michigan; De Pere, Wisconsin and Columbus, Kansas); printed and electronic promotional media (Denver, Colorado); envelopes (Portland, Oregon; Columbus, Kansas; Tullahoma, Tennessee and Claysburg, Pennsylvania); financial forms (Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota; Nevada, Iowa and Bridgewater, Virginia); and pressure seal products (Visalia, California; Chino, California; Roanoke, Virginia and Clarksville, Tennessee).
Our plants are operated at production levels required to meet our forecasted customer demands. Production levels fluctuate with market demands and depend upon the product mix at any given point in time. Equipment is added as existing machinery becomes obsolete or not repairable, and as new equipment becomes necessary to meet market
demands; however, at any given time, these additions and replacements are not considered to be material additions to property, plant and equipment, although such additions or replacements may increase a plant’s efficiency or capacity.
All of our facilities are believed to be in good condition. We do not anticipate that substantial expansion, refurbishing, or re-equipping of our facilities will be required in the near future.
All of our rented property is held under leases with original terms of one or more years, expiring at various times through August 2028. Generally, we are able to maintain or renew leases as they expire without significant difficulty, but leases in certain markets may be subject to significant rent increases that necessitate consolidating operations to maintain profitability.
Approximate Square Footage
Location
General Use
Owned
Leased
Fairhope, Alabama
Manufacturing
65,000
-
Chino, California
Manufacturing
-
63,016
Sun City, California
Two Manufacturing Facilities
52,617
-
Denver, Colorado
One Manufacturing Facility
60,000
Lithia Springs, Georgia
Manufacturing
-
40,050
Harvard, Illinois
Manufacturing and Warehouse
42,000
South Elgin, Illinois
Manufacturing
-
70,500
Indianapolis, Indiana
Two Manufacturing Facilities
-
38,000
DeWitt, Iowa
Two Manufacturing Facilities
95,000
-
Nevada, Iowa
Two Manufacturing Facilities
232,000
-
Columbus, Kansas
Two Manufacturing Facilities and Warehouse
174,089
-
Ft. Scott, Kansas
Manufacturing
86,660
-
Girard, Kansas
Manufacturing
69,474
-
Parsons, Kansas
Manufacturing & One Warehouse
122,740
40,000
Macomb, Michigan
Manufacturing
56,350
-
Brooklyn Park, Minnesota
Manufacturing
94,800
-
Coon Rapids, Minnesota
Warehouse
-
4,800
El Dorado Springs, Missouri
Manufacturing
70,894
-
Fenton, Missouri
Manufacturing
-
26,847
Marlboro, New Jersey
Manufacturing and Warehouse
7,450
Caledonia, New York
Manufacturing and one vacant
191,730
-
Fairport, New York
Two Manufacturing Facilities
40,800
-
Coshocton, Ohio
Manufacturing
24,750
-
Toledo, Ohio
Three Manufacturing Facilities
120,947
-
Portland, Oregon
Two Manufacturing Facilities
-
261,765
Claysburg, Pennsylvania
Manufacturing
-
69,000
Clarksville, Tennessee
Manufacturing
51,900
-
Powell, Tennessee
Manufacturing
43,968
-
Tullahoma, Tennessee
Two Manufacturing Facilities
142,061
-
Arlington, Texas
Two Manufacturing Facilities
69,935
-
Ennis, Texas
Three Manufacturing Facilities *
325,118
-
Houston, Texas
Manufacturing
-
29,668
Wolfe City, Texas
Two Manufacturing Facilities
119,259
-
Bridgewater, Virginia
Manufacturing
-
25,730
Chatham, Virginia
Two Manufacturing Facilities
127,956
-
Roanoke, Virginia
Manufacturing
110,000
DePere, Wisconsin
Manufacturing & One Warehouse
-
142,347
Mosinee, Wisconsin
Manufacturing
-
5,400
Neenah, Wisconsin
Two Manufacturing Facilities & One Warehouse
72,354
97,161
2,552,402
1,031,734
Corporate Offices
Ennis, Texas
Administrative Offices
9,300
-
Midlothian, Texas
Executive and Administrative Offices
28,000
-
37,300
-
Totals
2,589,702
1,031,734
* 22,000 square feet of Ennis, Texas location leased

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time we are involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe the disposition of any current matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In April 2023, Crabar/GBF, Inc., a subsidiary of Ennis, was awarded $5.0 million in actual and punitive damages in a case against Wright Printing Company, its owner Mark Wright, and CEO Mardra Sikora. The impact of the Judgment has not been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of February 28, 2023.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the trading symbol “EBF”. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices, the common stock trading volume as reported by the NYSE and dividends per share paid by the Company for the periods indicated:
Common Stock
Dividends
Trading Volume
per share of
Common Stock Price Range
(number of shares
Common
High
Low
in thousands)
Stock
Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2023
First Quarter
$
19.24
$
16.94
6,424
$
0.250
Second Quarter
22.67
16.55
7,768
$
0.250
Third Quarter
23.44
19.81
6,238
$
0.250
Fourth Quarter
23.48
20.55
6,131
$
0.250
Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2022
First Quarter
$
22.24
$
19.99
2,703
$
0.225
Second Quarter
21.85
19.26
2,842
$
0.250
Third Quarter
20.08
17.65
5,703
$
0.250
Fourth Quarter
20.26
18.07
5,685
$
0.250
On May 9, 2023, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE was $19.44, and there were approximately 655 shareholders of record. Cash dividends may be paid, or repurchases of our common stock may be made, from time to time as our Board of Directors (“Board”) deems appropriate, after considering our growth rate, operating results, financial condition, cash requirements, restrictive lending covenants, and such other factors as the Board may deem appropriate.
A dividend of $0.225 per share of our common stock was paid in each quarter of fiscal year 2021 and in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. A dividend of $0.25 per share of our common stock was paid in each subsequent quarter of fiscal year 2022 and in each quarter of fiscal year 2023.
Dividends are declared at the discretion of the Board and future dividends will depend on our future earnings, cash flow, financial requirements and other factors. The Board does view the dividend as an important aspect of owning Ennis stock and continues to rank it high in priority in allocating the Company's earnings.
Our Board has authorized the repurchase of the Company’s outstanding common stock through a stock repurchase program, which authorized amount is currently up to $40.0 million in the aggregate. Under the repurchase program, purchases may be made from time to time in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions, share price, trading volume and other factors. Repurchases may be commenced or suspended at any time or from time to time without prior notice, provided that any purchases must be made in accordance with applicable insider trading rules and securities laws and regulations. Since the program’s inception in October 2008,
we have repurchased 2,213,111 common shares under the program at an average price of $16.25 per share. During our fiscal year 2023, we repurchased 64,082 shares of common stock at an average price of $17.46 per share. As of February 28, 2023, $23.9 million remained available to repurchase shares of common stock under the program.
Stock Performance Graph
The graph below matches Ennis, Inc.'s cumulative 5-Year total shareholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index and the Russell 2000 index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from 2/28/2018 to 2/28/2023.
Ennis, Inc.
$
100.00
$
104.14
$
114.43
$
104.91
$
114.56
$
135.05
S&P 500
100.00
97.69
118.87
139.37
171.83
157.71
Russell 2000
100.00
96.48
105.36
137.15
135.50
130.92
The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [Reserved]
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis provides material historical and prospective disclosures intended to enable investors and other users to assess our financial condition and results of operations. Statements that are not historical are forward-looking and involve risk and uncertainties, including those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Report. You should read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Report. The words “anticipate,” “preliminary,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. We believe these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions. All such statements involve risks and uncertainties, and as a result, actual results could differ materially from those projected, anticipated, or implied by these statements.
In view of such uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements since such statements may prove to be inaccurate and speak only as of the date when made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis covers the continuing operations of the Company, which are comprised of the production and sale of business forms and other business products. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis includes the following sections:
•Overview - An overall discussion regarding our Company, the business challenges and opportunities we believe are key to our success, and our plans for facing these challenges relating to our continuing operations.
•Critical Accounting Estimates - A discussion of the accounting policies that require our most critical judgments and estimates relating to our continuing operations. This discussion provides insight into the level of subjectivity, quality, and variability involved in these judgments and estimates. This section also provides a summary of recently adopted and recently issued accounting pronouncements that have or may materially affect our business.
•Results of Operations - An analysis of our consolidated results of operations and segment results for the three years presented in our consolidated financial statements. This analysis discusses material trends within our continuing business and provides important information necessary for an understanding of our continuing operating results.
•Liquidity and Capital Resources - An analysis of our cash flows and a discussion of our financial condition and contractual obligations. This section provides information necessary to evaluate our ability to generate cash and to meet existing and known future cash requirements over both the short and long term.
References to 2023, 2022 and 2021 refer to the fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively.
Overview
The Company - Our management believes we are the largest provider of business forms, pressure-seal forms, labels, tags, envelopes, and presentation folders to independent distributors in the United States.
Our Business Challenges - Our industry is currently experiencing consolidation of traditional supply channels, product obsolescence, paper supplier capacity adjustments, and increased pricing and potential supply allocations due to demand/supply curve imbalance. Technology advances have made electronic distribution of documents, internet hosting, digital printing and print-on-demand valid, cost-effective alternatives to traditional custom-printed documents and customer communications. Improved equipment has become more accessible to our competitors. We face highly competitive conditions throughout our supply chain in an already over-supplied, price-competitive print industry. In
addition to the risk factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report, some of the key challenges of our business include the following:
COVID-19 Pandemic - Our sales were significantly impacted by economic conditions driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulted in a decrease in sales volume and earnings in fiscal year 2021. The demand for our products strengthened in fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2023, and our sales increased. We were also confronted with rising raw material and logistics costs, delayed delivery times and labor shortages. Despite these challenges, our disciplined cost management and pricing strategies contributed to our improved performance in fiscal year 2022 and 2023. While the markets appear to have recovered from the more direct negative impacts of the pandemic, the longer term effects of the pandemic, including supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures, are unknown and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial results.
Transformation of our portfolio of products - While traditional business documents are essential in order to conduct business, many are being replaced through the use of cheaper paper grades or imported paper, or devalued with advances in digital technologies, causing steady declines in demand for a portion of our current product line. In addition, the impact of COVID-19 on the speed of this transformation is unknown, but it is expected to accelerate the decline for some of our products. Transforming our product offerings in order to continue to provide innovative, valuable solutions through lower labor and fixed charges to our customers on a proactive basis will require us to make investments in new and existing technology and to develop key strategic business relationships, such as print-on-demand services and product offerings that assist customers in their transition to digital business environments. In addition, we will continue to look for new market opportunities and niches through acquisitions, such as the addition of our envelope offerings, tag offerings, folder offerings, healthcare wristbands, specialty packaging, direct mail, pressure seal products, secure document solutions, innovative in-mold label offerings and long-run integrated products with high color web printing, which provide us with an opportunity for growth and differentiate us from our competition. The ability to make investments in new and existing technology and/or to acquire new market opportunities through acquisitions is dependent on the Company’s liquidity and operational results.
Production capacity and price competition within our industry - Changes in the value of the U.S. dollar can have a significant impact on the pricing and supply of paper. The weakening of the U.S. dollar will usually result in the dissipation of any pricing advantage that foreign imports have over domestic suppliers, which typically results in lower levels of imported papers and an increase in domestic exports. With increased pricing power, domestic paper producers can better control the supply of paper by eliminating capacity or changing the products produced on their large paper machines. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar usually has the opposite effect: more cheap imported paper; less domestic exports; and lower pricing power in the hands of domestic paper producers. Domestic paper suppliers typically seek to balance supply and demand, including by (if possible) taking capacity out of the market, whether by taking production off-line or switching production to alternative paper products. Generally, if mills are running at high capacity, suppliers are able to raise prices. Increased foreign imports and demand declines have currently stabilized price increases of North American printing & writing paper. The extent to which import pressures remain in place will likely play a major role in price stability or decreases. We intend to continue to focus on effectively managing and controlling our product costs through the use of forecasting, production and costing models, as well as working closely with our domestic suppliers to reduce our procurement costs, in order to minimize effects on our operational results. In addition, we will continue to look for ways to reduce and leverage our fixed costs.
Continued consolidation of our customers - Our customers are distributors, many of which are consolidating or are being acquired by competitors. We continue to maintain a majority of the business we have had with our customers historically, but it is possible that these consolidations and acquisitions, which we expect to continue in the future, ultimately will impact our margins and sales.
Critical Accounting Estimates
In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the disclosures and reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis, including those related to allowance for doubtful receivables, inventory valuations, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, pension plan obligations, accrued liabilities and income taxes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical due to their effect on our more significant estimates and judgments used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Pension Plan - We maintain the Pension Plan for employees. Included in our financial results are Pension Plan costs that are measured using actuarial valuations and requires the use of a number of assumptions. Changes in these assumptions can result in different expense and liability amounts and future actual experience may differ significantly from current expectations.
As our Pension Plan assets are invested in marketable securities, fluctuations in market values could potentially impact our funding status and associated liability recorded. The expected rate of return on assets was unchanged from the 6.50% at February 28, 2022.
Similar to fluctuations in market values, a drop in the discount rate could potentially negatively impact our funded status, recorded pension liability and future contribution levels with the opposite impact occurring for an increase in the discount rate. During fiscal year 2023, the discount rate used to determine the net pension obligations for purposes of our Consolidated Financial Statements increased to 5.00% from 3.10% in fiscal year 2022. The discount rate is reviewed by management annually and is adjusted to reflect movements in the average Mercer and FTSE (formerly Citigroup) pension yield curves for mature pension plans with duration of about 12-15 years. The Company estimated the duration of its pension benefit obligation (PBO) to be approximately 12-15 years. Each 10 basis point change in the discount rate impacts our computed pension liability by about $0.53 million.
Also, continued changes in the mortality assumptions could potentially impact our funded status. For the February 28, 2023 measurement, no change was made to the mortality assumption. While U.S. mortality has been higher in the last couple of years due to the pandemic and other related factors, the mortality assumption is used to estimate the future lifetime of plan participants. Any actual impact on the Pension Plan from the higher than expected mortality has already been recognized in the underlying participant data used to measure the pension liability. The impact on future longevity is still being studied, and there is a general expectation that the current population is a healthier cohort such that mortality rates may return to pre-pandemic levels. This assumption will continue to be monitored.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Amounts allocated to intangibles and goodwill are determined based on valuation analyses for our acquisitions. Amortizable intangibles are amortized over their expected useful lives. We evaluate these amounts periodically (at least once a year) to determine whether a triggering event has occurred during the year that would indicate potential impairment.
We assess goodwill for impairment annually as of December 1, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. The Company uses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, including goodwill. Some of the qualitative factors considered in applying this test include consideration of macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors affecting business, overall financial performance of the business, and performance of the share price of the Company. If qualitative factors are not deemed sufficient to conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, then a one-step approach is applied in making an evaluation. The evaluation utilizes multiple valuation methodologies, including a market approach (market price multiples of comparable companies) and an income approach (discounted cash flow analysis). The computations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including, among other things, selection of comparable publicly traded companies, the discount rate applied to future earnings reflecting a weighted average cost of capital, and earnings growth assumptions. A discounted cash flow analysis requires management to make various assumptions about future sales, operating margins, capital expenditures, working capital and growth rates. If the evaluation results in the fair value of the reporting unit being lower than the carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded. A goodwill impairment charge was not required for the fiscal years ended February 28, 2023 or February 28, 2022.
Revenue Recognition - Net sales consist of gross sales invoiced to customers, less certain related charges, including discounts, returns and other allowances. Our allowance for credit losses is based on an analysis that estimates the amount of our total customers receivable balance that is not collectible. This analysis includes assessing a default probability to customers’ receivable balances, which is influenced by several factors including (i) current market conditions, (ii) periodic review of customer credit worthiness, and (iii) review of customer receivable aging and payment trends. While we believe we have exercised prudent judgment and applied reasonable assumptions, there
can be no assurance that in the future, changes in economic conditions or other factors would not cause changes in the financial health of our customers. If the financial health of our customers deteriorates, the timing and level of payments received could be impacted and therefore, could result in a change to our estimated losses. Returns, discounts and other allowances have historically been insignificant. In some cases and upon customer request, we print and store custom print product for customer specified future delivery, generally within twelve months. In this case, risk of loss from obsolescence passes to the customer, the customer is invoiced under normal credit terms and revenue is recognized when manufacturing is complete. Approximately $17.1 million, $14.6 million, and $12.5 million of revenue were recognized under these agreements during fiscal years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Inventories - Our inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We regularly review inventory values on hand, using specific aging categories, and write down inventory deemed obsolete and/or slow-moving based on historical usage and estimated future usage to its estimated net realizable value. As actual future demand or market conditions may vary from those projected by management, adjustments to inventory valuations may be required.
Results of Operations
The following discussion provides information which we believe is relevant to understanding our results of operations and financial condition. The discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Unless otherwise indicated, this financial overview is for the continuing operations of the Company, which are comprised of the production and sales of business forms and other business products. The operating results of the Company for fiscal year 2023 and the comparative fiscal years 2022 and 2021 are included in the tables below.
Consolidated Summary
Consolidated Statements of
Fiscal years ended
Operations - Data (in thousands)
Net sales
$
431,837
100.0
%
$
400,014
100.0
%
$
357,973
100.0
%
Cost of goods sold
300,787
69.7
285,291
71.3
254,207
71.0
Gross profit margin
131,050
30.3
114,723
28.7
103,766
29.0
Selling, general and administrative
70,793
16.4
71,410
17.9
68,270
19.1
Gain from disposal of assets
(5,896
)
(1.4
)
(271
)
(0.1
)
(405
)
(0.1
)
Income from operations
66,153
15.3
43,584
10.9
35,901
10.0
Other expense
(1,223
)
(0.3
)
(1,640
)
(0.4
)
(2,614
)
(0.7
)
Earnings before income taxes
64,930
15.0
41,944
10.5
33,287
9.3
Provision for income taxes
17,630
4.1
12,962
3.2
9,193
2.6
Net earnings
$
47,300
11.0
%
$
28,982
7.2
%
$
24,094
6.7
%
Net Sales. Our net sales increased from $400.0 million for fiscal year 2022 to $431.8 million for fiscal year 2023, an increase of 8%. The increase was attributable to $3.3 million in revenues from our recent acquisitions as well as price and volume increases that were partially offset by reduced volumes in the fourth quarter. The acquisition of AmeriPrint, and School Photo Marketing, is an integral part of our strategy to offset normal industry revenue declines due to print attrition and other changes.
Our net sales increased from $358.0 million for fiscal year 2021 to $400.0 million for fiscal year 2022, an increase of 11.7%. Our sales for the period partially rebounded from the impact on economic conditions driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulted in an increase in sales volume. The acquisition of AmeriPrint, which was completed in June 2021, is an integral part of our strategy to offset normal industry revenue declines due to print attrition and other changes. Our acquisitions during fiscal years 2021 and 2022 positively impacted our net sales by approximately $23.9 million during fiscal year 2022 compared to 2021.
Cost of Goods Sold. Our manufacturing costs increased from $285.3 million for fiscal year 2022 to $300.8 million for fiscal year 2023, or 5.4%. Our gross profit margin (“margin”) increased from 28.7% for fiscal year 2022 to 30.3% for fiscal year 2023. Improved operational efficiencies and pricing adjustments to cover inflationary costs, primarily of paper, supplies and labor, contributed to improve our gross profit margin as a percentage of sales.
Our manufacturing costs increased from $254.2 million for fiscal year 2021 to $285.3 million for fiscal year 2022, or 12.2%. Our margin decreased slightly from 29.0% for fiscal year 2021 to 28.7% for fiscal year 2022. Paper supply has grown more limited and due to tight demand and supply, there has been a significant amount of upward pressure on prices. We have been adjusting our pricing to cover paper inflation during the year, but the increased backlog of unproduced orders created timing issues which had an impact on our gross profit margins.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Our selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses decreased approximately 0.9%, from $71.4 million for fiscal year 2022 to $70.8 million for fiscal year 2023. As a percentage of sales, SG&A expenses declined from 17.9% in fiscal year 2022 to 16.4% for fiscal year 2023. Our SG&A expense decreased as a result of operational efficiencies and intangible assets fully amortized in fiscal year 2022 partially offset by increased bonus expense.
Our SG&A expenses increased approximately 4.5%, from $68.3 million for fiscal year 2021 to $71.4 million for fiscal year 2022. As a percentage of sales, SG&A expenses declined from 19.1% in fiscal year 2021 to 17.9% for fiscal year 2022. Our acquisitions negatively impacted our SG&A expenses by approximately $2.3 million SG&A during fiscal year 2022.
(Gain) loss from disposal of assets. The $5.9 million gain from disposal of assets for fiscal 2023 is primarily from the sale of an unused manufacturing facility, $5.8 million, and $0.1 million of manufacturing equipment. The $0.3 million gain from disposal of assets for fiscal year 2022 is primarily related to the sale of an unused manufacturing facility and manufacturing equipment. The $0.4 million gain from disposal of assets for fiscal year 2021 is primarily attributed to the $.5 million gain on the sale of land and manufacturing facilities offset by approximately a $0.1 million loss in the sale of manufacturing equipment.
Income from operations. Primarily due to factors described above, our income from operations for fiscal year 2023 increased 51.8% to $66.2 million, or 15.3% of net sales, from $43.6 million, or 10.9% of net sales in 2022, and increased 21.4% to $43.6 million, or 10.9% of net sales, compared to $35.9 million, or 10.0% of net sales, for fiscal year 2021.
Other income (expense). Other expense was $1.2 million for fiscal year 2023 compared to $1.6 million for fiscal year 2022. The decrease in expense was primarily related to higher non-service cost components of net periodic benefit costs relating to pension expense offset by an increase in interest income from higher interest rates in fiscal year 2023. Other expense was $1.6 million for fiscal year 2022 compared to expense of $2.6 million for fiscal year 2021. The decrease in expense was primarily related to decrease in pension expense.
Provision for income taxes. Our effective tax rates for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 were 27.2%, 30.9%, and 27.6%, respectively. The higher effective tax rate for fiscal year 2022 was primarily the result of distributions during the year from our deferred compensation plan which was terminated in fiscal year 2021.
Net earnings. Net earnings were $47.3 million, or $1.82 per diluted share for fiscal year 2023, as compared to $29.0 million, or $1.11 per diluted share for fiscal year 2022. Net earnings were impacted by increased revenues and a $5.8 million gain from disposal of assets that added $0.17 per share. Net earnings were $29.0 million, or $1.11 per diluted share for fiscal year 2022, as compared to $24.1 million, or $0.93 per share for fiscal year 2021. Our acquisitions of Infoseal and AmeriPrint added $23.9 million in revenues and $0.08 in diluted earnings per share for the fiscal year compared to the corresponding prior year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We rely on our cash flows generated from operations to meet cash requirements of our business. The primary cash requirements of our business are payments to vendors in the normal course of business, capital expenditures, contributions to our noncontributory defined benefit plan and the payment of dividends to our shareholders. We expect
to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to cover our operating and capital requirements for the foreseeable future.
Fiscal Years Ended
(Dollars in thousands)
Working Capital
$
155,379
$
127,839
$
113,022
Cash
$
93,968
$
85,606
$
75,190
Working Capital. Our working capital increased by approximately $27.5 million, or 21.5%, from $127.8 million at February 28, 2022 to $155.4 million at February 2023. Our current ratio, calculated by dividing our current assets by our current liabilities, increased from 4.4 to 1.0 for fiscal year 2022 to 4.8 to 1.0 for fiscal year 2023. Our increase in working capital primarily reflects the increase in cash, $8.4 million, accounts receivable $14.5 million, and inventory $8.3 million, offset by the increase in our accounts payable and accrued expense.
Our working capital increased by approximately $14.8 million, or 13.1%, from $113.0 million at February 28, 2021 to $127.8 million at February 28, 2022. Our current ratio, calculated by dividing our current assets by our current liabilities, increased from 4.2-to-1.0 for fiscal year 2021 to 4.4-to-1.0 for fiscal year 2022. Our increase in working capital primarily reflects the increase in cash, $10.4 million, accounts receivable $1.1 million and inventory $5.6 million offset by the increase in our accounts payable, $1.9 million.
Cash Flow Components
Fiscal years ended
(Dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
46,776
$
50,678
$
52,817
Net cash used in investing activities
$
(11,457
)
$
(10,052
)
$
(21,183
)
Net cash used in financing activities
$
(26,957
)
$
(30,210
)
$
(24,702
)
Cash flows from operating activities. Cash provided by operating activities was $46.8 million for fiscal year 2023 (a decrease of $3.9 million compared to fiscal year 2022), $50.7 million for fiscal year 2022 (a decrease of $2.1 million compared to fiscal year 2021) and $52.8 million for fiscal year 2021.
Our decreased operational cash flows in fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022 was primarily the result of a $3.4 million decrease from inventories, $8.2 million decrease from our accounts receivable, $5.9 million gain from disposal of assets and a $5.0 million decrease from deferred tax liability offset by $18.3 million in increased earnings.
Our decreased operational cash flows in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021 was primarily the result of a $7.6 million decrease from inventories and a $7.2 million decrease from our accounts receivable offset by a $4.9 million increase from our accounts payable and accrued expenses, and a $4.9 million increase in net earnings.
Cash flows from investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $11.5 million in fiscal year 2023 compared to $10.1 million in fiscal year 2022, and $21.2 million in fiscal year 2021. The $1.4 million decrease in cash used in fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022 was primarily due to a $2.2 million decrease in capital expenditures and $0.8 million increase in proceeds from disposal of plant and property, offset by a $4.4 million increase in costs to acquire businesses The $11.1 million increase in cash used in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021 was primarily due to a $14.9 million decrease in costs to acquire businesses offset by $2.9 million increase in capital expenditures.
Cash flows from financing activities. Cash used in financing activities was $27.0 million in fiscal year 2023 compared to $30.2 million in fiscal year 2022 and $24.7 million used in fiscal year 2021.
The decrease in our cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2023 was primarily due to a $3.7 million decrease of common stock repurchases. The increase in our cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021 resulted from two factors: (i) an increase of $3.6 million of common stock repurchases; and (ii) the payment of $2.0 million more in dividends in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021.
Stock Repurchase - The Board has authorized the repurchase of the Company’s outstanding common stock through a stock repurchase program, which authorized amount is currently up to $40.0 million in the aggregate. Under the repurchase program, purchases may be made from time to time in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions, share price, trading volume and other factors. Repurchases may be commenced or suspended at any time or from time to time without prior notice, provided that any purchases must be made in accordance with applicable insider trading rules and securities laws and regulations. Since the program’s inception in October 2008, we have repurchased 2,213,111 common shares under the program at an average price of $16.25 per share. During our fiscal year 2023, we repurchased 64,082 shares of common stock at an average price of $17.46 per share. As of February 28, 2023, $23.9 million remained available to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the program. The Company expects to continue to repurchase its shares under the repurchase program during fiscal year 2024 provided that the Board determines such repurchases to be in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.
Credit Facility - We did not renew our Credit Agreement, which expired November 11, 2021. We have had no outstanding long-term debt under the revolving credit line, since paid in August 2019. As of February 28, 2023, we had $0.6 million outstanding under a standby letter of credit arrangement secured by a cash collateral bank account. It is anticipated that our cash and funds from operating cash flows will be sufficient to fund anticipated future expenditures.
Pension Plan - The funded status of our Pension Plan is dependent on many factors, including returns on invested assets, the level of market interest rates and the level of funding. The assumptions used to calculate the pension funding deficit are different from the assumption used to determine the net pension obligations for purposes of our Consolidated Financial Statements. The funding of our Pension Plan is governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code and is also subject to the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, the Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Under these regulations, the liabilities are discounted using 25-year average corporate bond rates within a specified corridor. For the period ended February 28, 2023, the specified corridor around the 25-year average was 5%. We made a contribution of $2.0 million to our Pension Plan in fiscal year 2023 and $1.0 million in fiscal year 2022. There was no contribution required or made in fiscal year 2021. Given our funding status as of February 28, 2023 and absent any significant negative event, we anticipate that our future contributions will be between $1.0 million and $3.0 million per year, depending on our Pension Plan’s funding.
Inventories - We believe our current inventory levels are sufficient to satisfy our customer demands and we anticipate having adequate sources of raw materials to meet future business requirements. We have long-term contracts in effect with paper suppliers that govern prices, but do not require minimum purchase commitments. Certain of our rebate programs do, however, require minimum purchase volumes. Management anticipates meeting the required volumes.
Capital Expenditures - We expect our capital expenditure requirements for fiscal year 2024, exclusive of capital required for possible acquisitions, will be in line with our historical levels of between $3.0 million and $5.0 million. We expect to fund these expenditures through existing cash flows. We expect to generate sufficient cash flows from our operating activities to cover our operating and other normal capital requirements for the foreseeable future.
Contractual Obligations - There have been no significant changes in our contractual obligations since February 28, 2023 that have, or that are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition. The following table represents our contractual commitments as of February 28, 2023 (in thousands).
Due in less
Due in
Due in
Due in more
Total
than 1 year
1-3 years
4-5 years
than 5 years
Estimated pension benefit payments to Pension Plan participants
$
36,100
$
3,000
$
6,700
$
6,500
$
19,900
Letters of credit
-
-
-
Operating leases
14,174
5,349
7,504
1,321
-
Total
$
50,857
$
8,932
$
14,204
$
7,821
$
19,900

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market Risk
Interest Rates
From time to time, we are exposed to interest rate risk on short-term and long-term financial instruments carrying variable interest rates. We may from time to time utilize interest rate swaps to manage overall borrowing costs and reduce exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates. We do not use derivative instruments for trading purposes. While we had no outstanding debt at February 28, 2023, we will be exposed to interest rate risk if we borrow under a credit facility in the future.
This market risk discussion contains forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from this discussion based upon general market conditions and changes in domestic and global financial markets.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data required by this Item 8 are set forth following the signature page of this report and are incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
A review and evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of February 28, 2023. Based upon that review and evaluation, we have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of February 28, 2023.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The financial statements, financial analysis and all other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were prepared by management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity and for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
i.	Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company;
ii.	Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
iii.	Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurances with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal controls may vary over time.
Management assessed the design and effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework (“2013 COSO framework”). Based on management’s assessment using those criteria, we believe that, as of February 28, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.
In conducting our evaluation, we excluded the assets and liabilities and results of operations of SPM, which we acquired on November 30, 2022, in accordance with the SEC’s guidance concerning the reporting of internal controls over financial reporting in connection with a material acquisition. The assets and revenues resulting from this acquisition constituted less than 1 and 1 percent, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended February 28, 2023.
Changes in Internal Controls
As previously disclosed in Item 4 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2022, management identified there were deficiencies in certain aspects of our information technology controls that permitted a threat actor to gain access to the Company's network on November 30, 2022 and subsequently launch a ransomware attack that resulted in the encryption of some of the Company's servers and desktop computers. While the encryption attack did not result in any impairment of the Company's financial data in its ERP system, the deficiencies in our network access IT controls that made our network vulnerable to the ransomware attack constituted a material weakness. Subsequently, the Company has taken corrective action to remediate and address the network access IT control deficiencies that permitted the cyber-attack. The Company added in its systems various new controls to strengthen our cybersecurity. Based on testing performed by management, implemented controls are designed and operating effectively and the material weakness has been remediated as of February 28, 2023.
Except for the changes noted above in connection with the initiatives to remediate the material weakness, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
CohnReznick, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023 and has attested to the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023. Their report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting is presented on page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Except as set forth below, the information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, including “Election of Directors”, “Corporate Governance”, “Executive Officers” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports.”
The SEC and the NYSE have issued multiple regulations requiring policies and procedures in the corporate governance area. In complying with these regulations, it has been the goal of the Company’s Board and senior leadership to do so in a way which does not inhibit or constrain the Company’s unique culture, and which does not unduly impose a bureaucracy of forms and checklists. Accordingly, formal, written policies and procedures have been adopted in the simplest possible way, consistent with legal requirements, including a Code of Ethics applicable to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer or controller. The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, its charters for each of its Audit, Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees and its Code of Ethics covering all employees are available on the Company’s website, www.ennis.com, and a copy will be mailed upon request to Investor Relations at 2441 Presidential Parkway, Midlothian, TX 76065. If we make any substantive amendments to the Code of Ethics, or grant any waivers to the Code of Ethics for any of our senior officers or directors, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our website and in a report on Form 8-K.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 12, as to certain beneficial owners and management, is hereby incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The following documents are filed as part of this report.
1.Index to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company
An “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” has been filed as a part of this Report beginning on page hereof.
2.All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the SEC have been omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they would be required or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements of the Registrant or the notes thereto.
3.Exhibits
Exhibit Number
Description
Exhibit 3.1(a)
Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended through June 23, 1983 with attached amendments dated June 20, 1985, July 31, 1985, June 16, 1988 and November 4, 1998, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1(a) to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed on October 6, 2017 (File No. 001-05807).
Exhibit 3.1(b)
Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated June 17, 2004, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1(b) to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2007 filed on May 9, 2007(File No. 001-05807).
Exhibit 3.2
Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ennis, Inc., dated July 10, 2017, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 10, 2017 (File No. 001-05807).
Exhibit 4.1
Description of Ennis, Inc. Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act of 1934.*
Exhibit 10.1
Amended and Restated Chief Executive Officer Employment Agreement between Ennis, Inc. and Keith S. Walters, effective as of December 19, 2008, herein incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 20, 2009 (File No. 001-05807).+
Exhibit 10.2
Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement between Ennis, Inc. and Ronald M. Graham, effective as of May 15, 2019, herein incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2019 (File No. 001-05807).+
Exhibit 10.3
2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan effective on July 15, 2021, incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Registrant's Form DEF 14A filed on June 3, 2021.
Exhibit 21
Subsidiaries of Registrant*
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*
Exhibit 23.2
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*
Exhibit 31.1
Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of Chief Executive Officer.*
Exhibit 31.2
Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of Chief Financial Officer.*
Exhibit 32.1
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.**
Exhibit 32.2
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.**
Exhibit 101
The following information from Ennis, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2023, filed on May 12, 2023, formatted as Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail.
Exhibit 104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
*	Filed herewith.
**	Furnished herewith.
+	Represents a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.