EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1761510
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1761510_10-K_2023_0001558370-23-004045.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
TILT is a business solutions provider to the global cannabis industry offering a diverse range of value-added products and services to industry participants. Through a portfolio of companies providing technology, hardware, cultivation, and production, TILT services brands and cannabis retailers in regulated markets across 39 states in the U.S., as well as Canada, Israel, Mexico, South America, and the European Union.
TILT was incorporated under the laws of Nevada pursuant to NRS Chapter 78 on June 22, 2018. The Company was continued under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (“BCBCA”) pursuant to a Certificate of Continuance dated November 14, 2018. The Company is a reporting issuer in Canada in the Provinces of British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario and its common shares (the “Common Shares”) are listed for trading on the NEO Exchange under the symbol “TILT.” In addition, the Common Shares are quoted on the OTCQX in the U.S. under the symbol “TLLTF.”
The Company’s head office is in Phoenix, Arizona and its registered office is located at 745 Thurlow St #2400, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 0C5.
Principal Products and Services
The Company operates through two business divisions: Inhalation Technology and Cannabis.
Inhalation Technology - Jupiter
The Inhalation Technology division encompasses the business of Jupiter Research, LLC (“Jupiter”) which is a leading participant in the cannabis vape and accessory product market. Through the Inhalation Technology division, the Company sells vape and accessory products and services to brand partners and cannabis retailers in regulated markets across 39 states in the U.S., and internationally in Canada, Israel, Mexico, South America, and the European Union. The Company’s business model leverages in-house technical and product design acumen along with supply chain expertise to deliver customized hardware, accessories, technology and packaging solutions, which enables cannabis brands to differentiate their product in the marketplace. For the vast majority of its hardware products, Jupiter partners with Shenzhen-based Smoore Technology Limited (“Smoore Technology”) to incorporate industry-leading CCELL® technology into Jupiter’s product solutions, and Jupiter is one of only six licensed resellers of CCELL® technology. The Company maintains a research and development lab to introduce innovative new products to the market, expanding the offerings of the Inhalation Technology division.
Cannabis
In the Cannabis division, the Company supports third-party cannabis clients through turn-key retail, distribution, cultivation and manufacturing offerings. The Company offers these products and services in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Ohio. The Company’s contract manufacturing and distribution network grants its cannabis clients efficient access to these fast growing, limited license markets. The following reflects a summary of the Company’s Cannabis operations and assets in each market:
Cannabis - Massachusetts
In Massachusetts, the Company operates through its wholly owned subsidiary, Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc. (“CAC”). CAC operates a vertically integrated marijuana facility in Taunton, Massachusetts (the “Taunton Facility”), dually licensed for both medical and adult-use operations. The Taunton Facility includes over 60,000 square feet dedicated
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
to cultivation, 8,000 square feet of production and 2,400 square feet of onsite retail dispensary space. At its Taunton Facility, CAC operates a full commercial kitchen and extraction facility producing packaged units across dozens of demand-driven stock keeping units (“SKUs”). CAC produces a variety of cannabis flower, vape cartridges, concentrates, edibles and topicals under its house brand Standard Farms and its brand partner products. CAC also distributes these SKUs to other licensed cannabis operators in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts via wholesale and to both registered patients of the Massachusetts Medical Use of Marijuana Program and as adult-use consumers via retail and direct delivery. In addition to its Taunton facility, CAC has two dispensary locations: one is operational for medical/adult-use in the City of Brockton, and the other is operational for medical retail sales in the City of Cambridge.
Cannabis - Pennsylvania
The Company cultivates cannabis plants and manufactures medical cannabis products in Pennsylvania through its wholly owned subsidiary, Standard Farms LLC (“Standard Farms PA”). Standard Farms PA offers a variety of goods including vape cartridges, flower, capsules, oil syringes and tinctures, all of which are sold to approximately 90% of the state’s cannabis dispensaries via wholesale. Standard Farms PA’s greenhouse facility includes 33,500 square feet dedicated to cultivation and maintains the ability to expand that footprint in the future.
Cannabis - Ohio
The Company operates a cannabis extraction facility outside of Cleveland, Ohio through its wholly owned subsidiary, Standard Farms Ohio, LLC (“Standard Farms OH”). In addition to its fully-equipped industrial kitchen, the approximately 21,000 square foot facility also utilizes CO2 extraction to produce high-quality medical cannabis products from cannabis biomass including tinctures, vape cartridges, syringes, topicals, concentrates and edibles. Standard Farms OH products are sold and distributed throughout the State of Ohio to other licensed cannabis businesses via wholesale.
Cannabis - New York
The Company formed a partnership in August 2021 with the Shinnecock Indian Nation (“Shinnecock Nation”), a federally recognized Native American tribe, to establish vertical cannabis operations on their tribal territory in Long Island, New York. Through a joint venture with the Shinnecock Nation’s cannabis project development firm, Conor Green Consulting, LLC (“Conor Green”), the Company is financing, building and providing management services for Shinnecock Nation’s wholly owned cannabis business, Little Beach Harvest LLC (“Little Beach Harvest”). The project includes a cultivation, processing, extraction and packaging facility; a two-story dispensary with a drive through; and an adjacent wellness lounge. The initial term of the management agreement is for nine years but may be extended up to an additional ten years, pending accomplishment of certain performance-based milestones related to revenue and profitability. On July 11, 2022, the Company announced that it began construction on Little Beach Harvest. The dispensary is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2023.
Strategy
The Company provides innovative and cost-effective business solutions to its customers across the cannabis industry value chain. The Company’s core mission is to help its customers build brands by offering unique products, solutions and services that deliver added value to consumers, multi-state cannabis operators, licensed producers and cannabis brands around the globe. The Company believes that its clients rely on the Company for its expertise to help address growing supply chain specialization and complexity in cannabis industry retailing and wholesaling. Further, as a result of its extensive Jupiter customer base and differentiated cannabis value proposition, the Company is well positioned to cross-sell services between each business division and its respective customers and partners.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Significant Developments in 2022
On February 8, 2022, the Company entered into a definitive purchase agreement to exercise its purchase option for ownership of the Taunton Facility for a purchase price of approximately $13,000. Through its subsidiary, CAC, the Company entered into the purchase agreement with the then owner of the Taunton Facility. On May 16, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of the Taunton Facility through CAC for $13,047 cash consideration. Concurrently with the acquisition, CAC sold the Taunton Facility to Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. (“IIP”) for $40,000 cash consideration. The Company also entered into a long-term lease with IIP for the Taunton Facility with a term of 20 years and a maturity date of May 15, 2042, with two 5-year extensions exercisable at the Company’s discretion (the “Massachusetts Lease Liability”).
On April 19, 2022, the Company entered into a definitive purchase and sale agreement (the “Purchase and Sale Agreement”) between its subsidiary, White Haven RE, LLC, and an affiliate of IIP contemplating the sale and leaseback of the Company’s cultivation and production facility in White Haven, Pennsylvania (the “Pennsylvania Transaction”) in exchange for $15,000 cash. In accordance with the terms of the Pennsylvania Transaction, the Company’s subsidiary, Standard Farms PA, will also execute a long-term, triple-net lease agreement. The term lease agreement will be 15 years, with two 5-year extensions exercisable at the tenant’s discretion. Standard Farms PA anticipates no disruption to its operations as a result of the transaction. On February 15, 2023, the Company completed the Pennsylvania Transaction. See Note 21 - Subsequent Events for additional information.
On July 11, 2022, the Company announced that it began construction on Little Beach Harvest, a 5,000 square-foot cannabis dispensary located on Shinnecock Nation’s tribal territory in Southampton, New York. This wholly tribal-owned cannabis operation is the result of a partnership between the Company and the Shinnecock Nation. The dispensary is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2023.
On August 30, 2022, the Company announced its subsidiary, CAC, had passed its final inspection and received approval from the Cannabis Control Commission (“CCC”) to commence operations for the medical use of marijuana at its 5,100 square-foot Cambridge dispensary. The doors of the dispensary opened for medical retail sales on September 2, 2022.
On October 24, 2022, the Company’s subsidiaries, Jimmy Jang L.P. (“JJ LP”), Baker Technologies Inc. (“Baker”), Jupiter and CAC (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”) and certain holders (the “Participating Note Holders”) each entered into the first amendment (collectively, the “First Note Amendments”) to the Company’s senior secured promissory notes issued on November 1, 2019 (the “2019 Senior Notes”). The First Note Amendments extended the maturity date of approximately $9,600 in then outstanding principal amount of the 2019 Senior Notes (the “Extended Notes”) from November 1, 2022 to November 14, 2022. The First Note Amendments also amended the interest rate so that the Extended Notes will accrue interest at the prime rate plus 8.5%.
Further, on October 24, 2022, the Subsidiaries and the noteholder representative, on behalf of all holders of the outstanding 2019 Senior Notes, entered into the second amendment to the 2019 Senior Notes (the “Second Note Amendment”). The Second Note Amendment clarified that the Participating Note Holders waive any right to pro rata payment for any payments that may be made on the 2019 Senior Notes on or before November 1, 2022. The remaining balance of $7,975 of the 2019 Senior Notes which was not included in the Extended Notes was repaid by the Company on October 27, 2022.
On November 14, 2022, the Subsidiaries and the noteholder representative representing the Participating Note Holders, entered into the third amendment to the 2019 Senior Notes (the “Third Note Amendment”). The Third Note Amendment extended the maturity date of the Extended Notes from November 14, 2022 to December 31, 2022.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
On December 30, 2022, the Subsidiaries and the Participating Note Holders entered into the fourth amendment to the 2019 Senior Notes (the “Fourth Note Amendment”).
The Fourth Note Amendment extended the maturity date of approximately $2,100 in then outstanding principal amount of the Extended Notes from December 31, 2022 to February 28, 2023.
Additionally, on December 30, 2022, the Company repaid approximately $7,500 of the principal of its remaining 2019 Senior Notes. With the payments described above, the Company successfully retired approximately $33,700 of the $35,800 principal of 2019 Senior Notes that were originally scheduled to mature in November 2022.
Please refer to Note 21 - Subsequent Events included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding developments that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2022.
Significant Developments in 2021
On March 15, 2021, the Company acquired all assets and assumed all liabilities of Standard Farms OH, a medical cannabis provider focused on cultivation, processing and CO2 extraction for the State of Ohio’s operating dispensaries. The acquisition of Standard Farms OH (the “Standard Farms OH Acquisition”) further expanded the Company’s footprint into a new market, thus providing access to additional customers. The Company’s consideration for the Standard Farms OH Acquisition consisted of $7,550 settled indebtedness to the Company, transferred into ownership interest.
On July 21, 2021, Jupiter entered into a new two-year, $10,000 asset-based revolving credit facility with Entrepreneur Growth Capital, LLC.
On August 24, 2021, the Company announced a partnership with the Shinnecock Nation to establish vertical cannabis operations on their aboriginal tribal territory in the Hamptons on Long Island, New York. Through a joint venture with the Shinnecock Nation’s cannabis project development firm Conor Green, TILT will finance, build and provide management services for the vertical cannabis operations of Shinnecock’s wholly owned cannabis business, Little Beach Harvest. The project will include a cultivation, processing, extraction and packaging facility, a two-story dispensary with drive-thru and an adjacent wellness lounge. A subsidiary of the Company purchased 100% of the Class A membership interests of Standard Farms New York, LLC (“SFNY”), which holds a 75% interest in CGSF Group (“CGSF”), a newly formed joint venture with Conor Green. The Company paid a total of $751 with $400 being paid in cash and $351 paid in Common Shares, in the acquisition of its interests in SFNY and CGSF. Additionally, upon the achievement of certain milestones, the Company will provide for additional consideration of up to 5,673,844 Common Shares, valued at $2,837 upon closing, in share-based payments to Connor Green. Through the agreements between CGSF and Little Beach Harvest, the Company will provide management services to Little Beach Harvest for the development of the facilities, including planning, design and funding of up to approximately $18,000 in capital expenditures in order to provide a fully vertical cannabis operation. The 9% debt financing the Company provides will be repaid through cash flows monthly and is secured by the assets of the project. In exchange for providing management services, SFNY will receive 11.25% of Shinnecock’s gross revenue as well as 18.75% of free cash flows from all Shinnecock cannabis operations during the initial term of up to nine years. The management agreement may be extended up to ten additional years, pending accomplishment of certain performance-based milestones related to revenue and profitability.
On October 27, 2021, the Company closed the sale of substantially all of the assets of Santé Veritas Therapeutics Inc. (“SVT”), an inactive wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to Meridian 125W Cultivation Ltd. for approximately C$900 in cash. Part of the proceeds were used to resolve outstanding liabilities.
Competition
The Company’s businesses face competition from companies with varying resources, access to public markets, quality of management, geographic reach and strategic focus.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
The Inhalation Technology business competes primarily with distributors of CCELL® vape hardware in the U.S. and Canada. Additionally, the Company competes with CCELL’s direct sales team in the Canadian market. The Company also competes with manufacturers of proprietary cannabis vaporization technologies and views manufacturers of tobacco vaporization technologies as potential future competitors. Product quality, innovation, pricing and availability are important differentiating factors in the vaporization hardware market. The Company believes its commitment to inhalation technology innovation, supply chain management expertise, highly focused sales team and ability to commit balance sheet resources for inventory positioning, among other factors, allows the Company to compete effectively for the wholesale B2B of the Company’s vape and inhalation customers.
The Company’s Cannabis business competes with hundreds of cultivators, manufacturers, distributors and retailers in the Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Ohio markets. These competitors range from small family-owned operations to well-capitalized publicly traded multi-state operators. The Company’s Cannabis business operates in states with regulations limiting the number of cannabis licenses that will be awarded, representing a barrier to entry for potential new market participants. The Company believes its partnerships with strong third-party brand companies seeking a presence in the state markets where it operates allows the Company’s Cannabis business to compete in each market. The Company utilizes its in-house expertise on behalf of its brand partners to receive product approvals, scale up production and sell products with effective promotion, packaging, pricing, placement and inventory availability and then bring these brands to market through its wholesale distribution channel.
As cannabis remains federally illegal in the U.S., businesses seeking to enter the industry face challenges when accessing capital. At present, relatively few sources of debt or equity capital and bank lending are available to fund operations in the U.S. cannabis sector. Nevertheless, the Company is well-capitalized, and management believes that significant capital and expertise is required to replicate the Company’s assets and capabilities, which are focused on providing business solutions to B2B customers building enduring brands in the highly competitive U.S. cannabis market.
Intellectual Property
The Company has developed multiple proprietary product features, technologies and processes to ensure the protection of its innovative and quality products. These proprietary technologies and processes include its cultivation and extraction techniques, product formulations and delivery and monitoring systems. While actively pursuing the patenting of these processes and materials, the Company ensures confidentiality through the use of non-disclosure and/confidentiality agreements.
Jupiter has spent considerable time and resources to establish a premium and recognizable brand amongst consumers and retailers in the cannabis industry. As of December 31, 2022, Jupiter had 14 issued patents and 19 pending U.S. and International patent applications, and seven federally registered trademarks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”). All issued patent and trademarks are further described below. The Company maintains an in-house legal team, as well as engages outside legal counsel, to actively monitor and identify potential infringements on Jupiter’s intellectual property.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Patents
As of December 31, 2022, Jupiter had 14 issued patents and 19 pending U.S. and international patent applications for its vaporizer devices and systems. The following table represents issued patents as of December 31, 2022:
Country
Patent No.
Issued Date
Title
U.S.
D800310
October 17, 2017
Electronic Vaporizer
U.S.
September 3, 2019
Electronic Vaporizer
U.S.
August 25, 2020
Electronic Vaporizer
U.S.
June 29, 2021
Electronic Vaporizer
U.S.
D908278
September 21, 2020
Electronic Vaporizer
U.S.
June 23, 2020
Metered Dispensing Device for Plant Extracts
U.S.
September 10, 2020
Metered Dispensing Device for Plant Extracts
European Union
DM/212544
February 5, 2021
Monolithic Electronic Vaporizer
U.S.
D942,677
February 1, 2022
Liquid Medical Device
European Union
DM/214262
May 19, 2021
Liquid Medical Device
Australia
May 14, 2021
Liquid Medical Device
U.S.
April 12, 2022
Pod Vaping System
U.S.
April 26, 2022
Metered Dispensing Device for Plant Extracts
U.S.
D948,783
April 12, 2022
Monolithic Electronic Vaporizer
Trademarks
Additionally, as of December 31, 2022, Jupiter had eight registered and one pending trademarks with the USPTO, all pertaining to use of the Jupiter brands and related goods associated with the Jupiter brands and/or names. The following table represents registered trademarks as of December 31, 2022:
Registration Number/
Country
Serial Number
Registration Date
Mark
U.S.
October 31, 2017
Liquid
U.S.
January 2, 2018
Liquid 9
U.S.
June 6, 2017
Tear Shape (design)
U.S.
December 24, 2019
Klik
Canada
December 1, 2022
Infinity
European Union
September 5, 2019
Infinity
U.S.
July 12, 2022
Liquid Que
U.S.
January 4, 2022
Dose-cti
Environmental
The Company does not anticipate that environmental protection requirements will have a material financial or operational effect on its capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position in the current financial year or in future years.
Human Capital Resources
When it comes to recruiting and retaining top talent, the Company strives to be an employer of choice. The Company’s organizational culture is led by defined core values, including productivity, profitability and growth. The Company’s aim is to offer a culture and careers that raise the standard of employment success, where taking care of its people and doing what’s right for the business are complimentary imperatives.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
As of December 31, 2022, Company employees worked within five divisions: Corporate Headquarters, Jupiter, Cannabis Massachusetts, Cannabis Pennsylvania, and Cannabis Ohio. The Company’s workforce has 437 workers in total, of which 434 workers are full-time. The combination of employees working onsite and remotely covers 20 states, plus Toronto, Canada.
The Company has a strong, employee-centered culture built by inspiring people. The Company is committed to sustaining a business environment that is respectful, welcoming, equitable and supportive for a diverse range of people. By fostering diversity and leveraging the value of diversity with equity and inclusion, the Company drives better ideas, positive business results and improved service through a deeper connection with the Company’s customers. The Company is formulating strategies and tactics to leverage diversity, equity and inclusion in the Company’s workplace, workforce, customers, communities and vendors. Women and people of color (racial/ethnic minority groups) comprise 53% of the Company’s workforce; 41% in management and 31% in senior management. People with disabilities and military veterans make up 11% and 2% of the Company’s workforce, respectively. The Company has no unionized locations.
Legal and Regulatory Matters
Regulatory Overview
In accordance with Staff Notice 51-352 Issuers with U.S. Marijuana-Related Activities (the “Staff Notice”), below is a discussion of the federal and state-level U.S. regulatory regimes in those jurisdictions where the Company is currently involved through its subsidiaries. The Company or its subsidiaries are, recently were or are expected to be directly engaged in the manufacture, possession, use, sale or distribution of cannabis in the states of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Ohio. The Company is in compliance with the applicable state regulatory framework and licensing requirements for each of the states of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Ohio.
The Company also has ancillary involvement in the marijuana industry through the products and services it provides to customers in the following states and U.S. territories: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and West Virginia. The Company is not aware of any non-compliance by its customers with any applicable licensing requirements or regulatory framework enacted by each of these respective states.
In accordance with the Staff Notice, the Company will evaluate, monitor and reassess this disclosure, and any related risks, on an ongoing basis and the same will be supplemented and amended to investors in public filings, including in the event of government policy changes or the introduction of new or amended guidance, laws or regulations regarding marijuana regulation. Any non-compliance, citations or notices of violation which may have an impact on the Company’s licenses, business activities or operations will be promptly disclosed by the Company.
Regulation of Cannabis in the U.S. Federally
The U.S. federal government regulates drugs through the CSA (21 U.S.C. § 811). Pursuant to the CSA, cannabis is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance. A Schedule I controlled substance is defined as a substance that has no currently accepted medical use in the U.S., lacks safety for use under medical supervision and has a high potential for abuse. The DOJ defines Schedule I drugs, substances or chemicals as “drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.”
The FDA has not approved cannabis as a safe and effective drug for any use.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Canada has federal legislation which uniformly governs the cultivation, processing, distribution, sale and possession of both medical and recreational cannabis under the Cannabis Act, as well as various provincial and territorial regulatory frameworks that further govern the distribution, sale and consumption of recreational cannabis within the applicable province or territory. In contrast, cannabis is only permissively regulated at the state level in the U.S.
State laws in the U.S. regulating cannabis are in direct conflict with the CSA, which prohibits cannabis use and possession. Although certain states and territories of the U.S. authorize medical and/or recreational cannabis cultivation, manufacturing, production, distribution and sales by licensed or registered entities, under U.S. federal law, the cultivation, manufacture, distribution, possession, use, and transfer of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia, unless specifically exempt, is illegal and any such acts are criminal acts under the CSA. Although the Company’s activities are compliant with applicable U.S. state laws, strict compliance with state laws with respect to cannabis may neither absolve the Company of liability under U.S. federal law, nor may it provide a defense to any federal proceeding which may be brought against the Company.
The risk of federal enforcement and other risks associated with the Company’s business are described in Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Legal Advice in Accordance with the Staff Notice
Legal advice has been obtained by the Company regarding applicable U.S. federal and state law.
Regulation of Cannabis at State Levels
Below is a summary of the licensing and regulatory framework in the markets where, as of December 31, 2022, the Company held licenses and had direct or indirect involvement with the U.S. cannabis industry, followed by outlines of the regulatory framework in each of the relevant states.
License Type Held Directly
Number of Licenses
Number of Licenses/Applications Arising Out
State
and Indirectly by Company
Allowed by Law in State
of Company Direct and Indirect Involvement
Massachusetts
Vertically Integrated Medical Marijuana Treatment Center
Cultivator, Product Manufacturer, Retailer (Adult-Use)
A person or entity having direct or indirect control may not hold more than three licenses of the same license type
3 Medical Marijuana Treatment Center Final licenses with authorization to commence operations (all operational);
4 adult-use Marijuana Establishment Final licenses with authorization to commence operations (1 cultivator license; 1 product manufacturer license; and 2 retailer licenses - all operational)
Ohio
Stand Alone Processor
(Medical)
A person, entity or subsidiary thereof may only hold a financial interest in or be an owner of one processor license
1 license
Pennsylvania
Grower/Processor
(Medical)
A person may only be issued one grower/processor license
1 license
Massachusetts
Massachusetts became the eighteenth state to legalize medical marijuana when voters passed a ballot measure in 2012. Adult-use (recreational) marijuana is legal in Massachusetts as of December 15, 2016, following the passage of a ballot initiative in November of that year. The CCC, a regulatory body created in 2016, oversees both the Medical Use of Marijuana Program and the Adult Use of Marijuana Program.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Under the Medical Use of Marijuana Program, a Medical Marijuana Treatment Center (“MTC”) is required to be vertically integrated, such that a single MTC license holder must cultivate, manufacture and dispense medical marijuana and marijuana products to registered, qualifying patients and personal caregivers. Pursuant to the CCC’s regulations, no Person or Entity Having Direct or Indirect Control over the MTC’s operations may be granted or hold more than three MTC Licenses.
Under the Adult Use of Marijuana Program, vertical integration is not required, and therefore multiple types of adult-use Marijuana Establishment (“ME”) licenses exist. The Marijuana Cultivator (Indoor or Outdoor), Marijuana Product Manufacturer and Marijuana Retailer licenses cover the three main operational license types (cultivation, manufacturing and retail sales). ME Licenses, subject to certain ownership requirements, are also available for Independent Testing Laboratories, Marijuana Research Facilities, Marijuana Transporters (Third-Party or Existing Licensee), Craft Marijuana Cooperatives, Marijuana Couriers, Marijuana Delivery Operators, Social Consumption Establishments (once authorized by municipalities and an application is released by the CCC) and Marijuana Microbusinesses. No Person or Entity Having Direct or Indirect Control over the ME’s operations may be granted or hold more than three licenses in a particular class of license, except as otherwise specified in the applicable regulations. In addition, any Person or Entity Having Direct or Indirect Control, or Licensee, is limited to a total of 100,000 square feet of cultivation “canopy” distributed across no more than three adult-use Marijuana Cultivator Licenses and three MTC Licenses.
The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary CAC, holds three operational vertically integrated MTC licenses, with medical dispensary locations in Brockton, Taunton and Cambridge, and medical cultivation and product manufacturing operations in Taunton. CAC has also received final licenses (including authorization to commence operations) for its adult-use retailer operations in Taunton and Brockton, as well as its adult-use cultivator and product manufacturer operations in Taunton. The Company is in compliance with Massachusetts state law and the related licensing framework.
Ohio
On June 8, 2016, former Ohio Governor John Kasich signed House Bill (“HB”) 523 into law, sanctioning the use of marijuana for limited medical purposes and establishing a commercial marijuana regulatory regime. Qualifying conditions for access to medical marijuana under the program include, but are not limited to, chronic and severe pain, post-traumatic stress disorder and cancer. Ohio’s medical cannabis program is regulated by both the Ohio Department of Commerce (“Department of Commerce”) and the Ohio Board of Pharmacy (“Ohio Board”). The Department of Commerce is responsible for licensing cultivators, processors and testing laboratories, while the Ohio Board is responsible for registering patients and caregivers as well as licensing medical marijuana dispensaries. Final regulations governing the program, including applications for business licensure, the operation of commercial medical cannabis establishments, physician certifications and patient registration have been adopted.
Ohio’s medical cannabis program allows businesses to be structured as for-profit entities and does not impose residency requirements for investment or ownership in a commercial cannabis license. Ohio’s licensing structure permits, but does not require, vertical integration. Each license (cultivation, processor and dispensary) is issued on an individual basis for each facility type/function. There are three different types of processors - stand-alone, vertically integrated facilities and a plant-only processor, which is a cultivator who distributes plant material directly to dispensaries. Common ownership between cultivation, processing and dispensing licenses is permitted, but prohibited for cannabis testing licensees. However, no one entity or person may own, have a financial interest in or significantly influence or control the activities of more than one cultivation license, more than one processing license or more than five dispensary licenses at any given time.
In March 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Standard Farms OH, a licensed stand-alone processor in Ohio. Standard Farms OH engages in the production, possession, use, sale and distribution of cannabis products in Ohio’s medicinal cannabis marketplace. The Company is in compliance with Ohio state law and the related licensing framework.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Pennsylvania
In April 2016, Pennsylvania’s Governor Tom Wolf signed the Commonwealth’s first medical marijuana bill into law. The medical program created a commercial system for a limited number of businesses and permits physicians to recommend cannabis for a limited number of qualifying conditions. The Pennsylvania Department of Health (“PA DOH”) regulates medical marijuana businesses in the Commonwealth and issues two types of primary permits: a medical marijuana grower/processor permit and a medical marijuana dispensary permit. The PA DOH also issues a third type of permit called a clinical registrant permit. The clinical registrant permit is a combination of a grower/processor permit and a dispensary permit that is limited to applicants who have established a partnership with an accredited medical school in Pennsylvania.
For licensing purposes, the PA DOH split the Commonwealth into six regions. The state initially limited the total number of medical marijuana organizations to twenty-five grower/processors and fifty dispensaries Commonwealth-wide. Each dispensary is permitted to have up to three dispensary sites for a total of 150 potential dispensary locations throughout Pennsylvania. For each dispensary permit, the locations must be within the region where the permit was awarded. For medical marijuana grower/processors, the location is limited to the region where the permit was awarded, but distribution is permissible across all regions. The PA DOH may approve up to ten clinical registrants, with each eligible for only one grower/processor permit and one dispensary permit (each clinical registrant may provide medical marijuana at up to six dispensary locations). Residency is not required to operate a medical marijuana organization in Pennsylvania. Vertical integration is limited, as the PA DOH may not issue more than five grower/processor businesses dispensary permits. In addition, a single entity may not hold more than one grower/processor permit nor more than five dispensary permits.
In June 2021, Governor Wolf signed HB 1024, into law expanding the ability of patients to access medical cannabis and extending certain policies that were temporarily enacted during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Under HB 1024, the maximum number of clinical registrants was expanded from eight to ten. Additionally, dispensaries are allowed to offer cannabis curbside deliveries; patients can obtain a ninety day instead of the previous thirty-day supply for cannabis and the five person cap on the number of patients that a caregiver can serve was removed indefinitely. Patients can also now consult with authorizing physicians via video conferencing. The law also expanded the pool of eligible conditions to include cancer remission therapy and CNS-related neuropathy as well as eliminated provisions that previously required chronic pain patients to try conventional prescription pain medications prior to using cannabis. Additionally, the law makes it easier for grower/processors to process marijuana that failed tests for yeast and mold into products that are topical in form. The law also expands the number of research facilities that are studying patient response to medical marijuana.
In July 2022, Governor Wolf signed HB 311, which provides additional protections under Pennsylvania law for financial institutions and insurers providing services to, or for the benefit of, a “legitimate cannabis-related business.” HB 311 also explicitly states that financial institutions and insurers are not obligated to provide services to cannabis businesses within the Commonwealth. Additionally, HB 311 requires cannabis businesses that are receiving financial or insurance services from a provider within Pennsylvania to disclose any suspension or revocation of cannabis-related permits, registrations, or certifications to the financial institution and/or insurer within five business days.
In October 2022, the PA DOH finalized its medical marijuana regulations. These final regulations mirror the temporary regulations and reflect the PA DOH’s efforts to keep pace with the growth and evolution of the medical marijuana program. The final regulations include the following notable updates:
• Expanded packaging and labeling requirements, including that labels must contain the species and percentages of all cannabinoids and individual terpenes.
• Clarification that a grower/processor must notify the PA DOH within 48 hours of any anticipated increases or decreases in production.
• Revised facility signage requirements.
• Revised definition of “medical marijuana waste” to exclude unopened, briefly misdirected medical marijuana products (thereby eliminating the requirement that the grower/processor destroy such misdirected products).
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
• Reduced video surveillance footage storage period from two years to 180 days.
• Grower/processors must use separate testing laboratories for harvest and process testing.
• Growers/processors must “immediately” investigate complaints and the PA DOH may initiate a mandatory recall upon receipt of information that any medical marijuana product poses a risk to public health and safety.
• Owners of securities in a publicly traded corporation or owners of 5% or less in privately held business entities and who do not have voting rights to elect or appoint one or more members of the board of directors or other governing board are exempt from the background check requirement.
• Clarification on the procedure for notifying the DOH of changes of ownership.
• Clarification on the procedure for applying to the DOH for changes of location of an operational facility.
• New process for changing the location of a non-operational facility.
In Pennsylvania, the Company holds a medical marijuana grower/processor license through its wholly owned subsidiary, Standard Farms PA, which operates 33,500 square feet of greenhouse. The Company is in compliance with Pennsylvania state law and the related licensing framework.
Company Compliance Program
The Company is classified as having direct, indirect and ancillary involvement in the U.S. marijuana industry and is in material compliance with applicable licensing requirements and the regulatory framework enacted by each U.S. state in which it operates. The Company is not subject to any citations or notices of violation with applicable licensing requirements or the regulatory framework enacted by each applicable U.S. state which may have an impact on its licenses, business activities or operations.
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) or any other individual appointed by the CEO oversees, maintains, and implements the Company’s compliance program and personnel. In addition to the Company’s internal legal and compliance departments, the Company has state and local regulatory/compliance counsel engaged in every jurisdiction in which it operates.
The Company’s CEO or any other individual appointed by the CEO oversees compliance training for all employees, such training includes, but is not limited to, on the following topics:
● compliance with state and local laws;
● safe cannabis use;
● dispensing procedures;
● security and safety policies and procedures;
● inventory control;
● seed-to-sale training sessions;
● recordkeeping;
● responsible vendor training;
● quality control;
● transportation procedures; and
● extensive ingredient and product testing, often beyond that required by law to assure product safety and accuracy.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
The Company’s compliance program emphasizes security and inventory control to ensure strict monitoring of cannabis and inventory from delivery by a licensed distributor to sale or disposal. Only authorized and properly trained employees are allowed to access the Company’s computerized seed-to-sale system.
The Company’s CEO or anyone appointed by the CEO monitors all compliance notifications from the regulators and inspectors in each market, timely resolving any issues identified. The Company keeps records of all compliance notifications received from the state regulators or inspectors and how and when the issue was resolved.
Further, the Company has created comprehensive standard operating procedures that include detailed descriptions and instructions for receiving shipments of inventory, inventory tracking, recordkeeping and record retention practices related to inventory, as well as procedures for handling cash, performing inventory and cash reconciliation, ensuring the accuracy of inventory tracking and recordkeeping. The Company maintains accurate records of its inventory at all licensed facilities. Adherence to the Company’s standard operating procedures is mandatory and ensures that the Company’s operations are compliant with the applicable state and local laws, regulations, ordinances, licenses, rules and other requirements. The Company ensures adherence to standard operating procedures by regularly conducting internal inspections and ensures that any issues identified are resolved quickly and thoroughly.
In January 2018, U.S. Attorney General, Jeff Sessions rescinded the Cole Memorandum. The rescission of the Cole Memorandum and other Obama-era prosecutorial guidance did not create a change in federal law, as the Cole Memorandum was never legally binding; however, the revocation removed the DOJ’s guidance to U.S. Attorneys that state-regulated cannabis industries operating substantively in compliance with the Cole Memorandum’s guidelines should not be a prosecutorial priority. As an industry best practice, despite the rescission of the Cole Memorandum, the Company continues to do the following to ensure compliance with the guidance provided by the Cole Memorandum:
• ensure the operations of its subsidiaries and business partners are compliant with all licensing requirements that are set forth with regards to cannabis operation by the applicable state, county, municipality, town, township, borough, and other political/administrative divisions. To this end, the Company retains appropriately experienced legal counsel to conduct the necessary due diligence to ensure compliance of such operations with all applicable laws and regulations;
• the activities relating to cannabis business adhere to the scope of the license obtained - for example, in the states where only medical cannabis is permitted, the products are only sold to patients who hold the necessary documentation to permit the possession of the cannabis; and in the states where cannabis is permitted for adult recreational use, the products are only sold to individuals who meet the requisite age requirements;
• the Company only works through licensed operators, which must pass a range of requirements, adhere to strict business practice standards and be subjected to strict regulatory oversight whereby sufficient checks and balances ensure that no revenue is distributed to criminal enterprises, gangs and cartels; and
• the Company conducts reviews of products, product packaging and transactions to ensure that the products comply with applicable regulations, contain necessary disclaimers about the contents of the products and provide requisite educational material to mitigate adverse public health consequences from cannabis use and prevent impaired driving.
On November 7, 2018, Jeff Sessions resigned from his position as Attorney General. The next Attorney General, William Barr, stated that he does not intend “go after” parties who are involved in the cannabis business and are compliant with state law in reliance on the Cole Memorandum. Under President Biden’s administration and his appointed Attorney General, Merrick Garland, DOJ rhetoric around cannabis has largely returned to the Obama-era rhetoric even if a new prosecutorial guidance memorandum has not been re-issued. During his Senate confirmation, Merrick Garland told Senator Cory Booker (D-NJ) that, “It does not seem to me useful the use of limited resources that we have to be pursuing prosecutions in states that have legalized and are regulating the use of marijuana, either medically or otherwise.” Such statements are not official declarations or policies of the DOJ and are not binding on the DOJ, on any U.S. Attorney or on the U.S. federal courts, and substantial uncertainty regarding U.S. federal enforcement remains.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
To date, there has been no new federal cannabis memorandums issued by the Biden Administration or any published change in federal enforcement policy. Regardless, the federal government of the U.S. has always reserved the right to enforce federal law regarding the sale and disbursement of medical or recreational marijuana, even if state law sanctioned such sale and disbursement. Although the rescission of the Cole Memorandum does not necessarily indicate that marijuana industry prosecutions are now affirmatively a priority for the DOJ, there can be no assurance that the U.S. federal government will not enforce such laws in the future.
In the absence of a uniform federal policy, as had been established by the Cole Memorandum, numerous U.S. Attorneys with state-legal marijuana programs within their jurisdictions have announced enforcement priorities for their respective offices. For instance, Andrew Lelling, former U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts through February 2021, stated that while his office would not immunize any businesses from federal prosecution, he anticipated focusing the office’s marijuana enforcement efforts on: (1) overproduction; (2) targeted sales to minors; and (3) organized crime and interstate transportation of drug proceeds. Other U.S. Attorneys provided less assurance, promising to enforce federal law, including the CSA in appropriate circumstances.
The Company will continue to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis in accordance with its compliance program and standard operating procedures. While the Company’s operations are in full compliance with all applicable state laws, regulations and licensing requirements, such activities remain illegal under U.S. federal law. For the reasons described above and the risks further described in the Risk Factors section below, there are significant risks associated with the business of the Company. Readers are strongly encouraged to carefully read all of the risk factors contained in Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
The Company’s Balance Sheet and Operating Statement Exposure to U.S. Marijuana Related Activities
The following represents the portion of certain line items on the Company’s consolidated financial statements that pertain to U.S. cannabis activity1for2 the year ended December 31, 2022:
U.S. marijuana-related activities
Balance Sheet line items
Licensed1
Unlicensed2
Cash and cash equivalents
49%
13%
Trade receivables and others
15%
85%
Inventories
52%
48%
Other current assets
20%
34%
Property, plant and equipment
87%
11%
Intangible assets
10%
89%
Goodwill
15%
85%
Other assets
31%
48%
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
11%
72%
Income taxes
0%
68%
Other current liabilities
8%
24%
Other long-term liabilities
97%
2%
Income Statement line items
Revenue
28%
72%
Gross profit
40%
60%
Operating expenses
25%
55%
Total other income (expense)
68%
130%
Income tax expense
0%
116%
Readers are cautioned that the foregoing financial information, though extracted from the Company’s financial systems that supports its annual consolidated financial statements, has not been audited in its presentation format and accordingly is not in compliance with the consolidation principles of generally accepted accounting principles of the U.S.
Available Information
The Company’s website address is www.tiltholdings.com. Through this website, the Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, as well as proxy statements and other documents, are accessible (free of charge) as soon as reasonably practicable after materials are electronically filed or furnished to the SEC. The information provided on the Company’s website is not part of this or any other report we file or furnish to the SEC. The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The Company’s filings with the SEC are available to the public on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Additional information related to the Company is also available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
1 Licensed activity includes those U.S. marijuana-related activities that have, in accordance with CSA Staff Notice 51-352 (Revised) Issuers with U.S. Marijuana-Related Activities, “licensing requirements and the regulatory framework enacted by the applicable U.S. state.”
2 Unlicensed activity includes those U.S. marijuana-related activities that do not have, in accordance with CSA Staff Notice 51-352 (Revised) Issuers with U.S. Marijuana-Related Activities, “licensing requirements and the regulatory framework enacted by the applicable U.S. state.”
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risks and uncertainties described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. The risk factors described below include the considerable risks associated with the current economic environment and the related potential adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations. You should read these risk factors in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. There also may be other factors that we cannot anticipate or that are not described in this report generally because we do not currently perceive them to be material. Those factors could cause results to differ materially from our expectations.
Summary of Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties which you should evaluate before making a decision to invest in our Common Shares. This summary does not address all of the risks related to our business. Additional discussion of the risks summaries may be found under the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and should be carefully considered before making a decision to invest in our Common Shares. These risks include, among others:
• Some of our planned business activities, while compliant with applicable U.S. state and local law, are illegal under U.S. federal law. Third parties may fail to establish or maintain business relationships with us, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Banks and other financial institutions which service the cannabis industry are at risk of violating certain financial laws, including anti-money laundering statutes, and if we do not have access to the U.S. banking system, our business and operations could be adversely affected.
• The success of our business strategy depends on the legality of the cannabis industry.
• We are subject to those risks inherent in an agricultural business.
• Reclassification of cannabis in the U.S. could adversely impact our business and growth strategy.
• We may be subject to federal and state forfeiture laws which, if exercised, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
• State regulatory agencies may require us to post bonds or significant fees, which may be economically prohibitive.
• Public opinion and perception may significantly influence government policy and regulation of the cannabis industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and prospects.
• We face risks due to industry immaturity or limited comparable, competitive or established industry best practices.
• We face intense competition from other companies and increasing legalization of cannabis and rapid growth and consolidation in the cannabis industry may further intensify competition.
• The Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment may not be renewed, potentially resulting in DOJ enforcement activities against entities in the cannabis industry.
• Uncertainty in regulatory changes in relation to vaporization devices could result in an impact to our interstate commerce, registration and revenue reporting requirements, and potential excise tax liability.
• We may be required to disclose personal information of investors to government or regulatory entities or face the possibility of a license being revoked or cancelled.
• We are subject to changes in laws, regulations and guidelines which could adversely affect our future business, financial conditions and operations.
• We are dependent on regulatory approvals and licenses to conduct our business, and there is no assurance that our licenses will be issued, extended or renewed by each applicable regulatory authority.
• Future research may lead to findings that vaporizers, electronic cigarettes and related products are not safe for their intended use.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
• Our reliance on third-party suppliers and loss of these suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may have a material adverse effect on our business and operational results.
• Our actual financial position and results of operations may differ materially from the expectations of our management.
• We have incurred substantial indebtedness that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may not be able to refinance, extend or repay this indebtedness on a timely basis or at all.
• The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants that limit management’s discretion in the operation of our business.
• Mark Scatterday has significant influence over the Company and may have interests that conflict with those of our other shareholders.
• Our shareholders may experience significant dilution as a result of the issuances of common shares upon exercise of our outstanding warrants or the trigger of the anti-dilution rights under the warrants and the market price of our common shares could be adversely affected.
• We expect to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our investment in infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations.
• There is no assurance that we will turn a profit or generate immediate revenues.
• Our growth and development may be hindered by applicable limitations on ownership of licenses.
• The results of future clinical research may be unfavorable to cannabis which may have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products.
• We may incur significant tax liabilities due to limitations on tax deductions and credits under the applicable sections of the Internal Revenue Code.
• If we were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that U.S. federal bankruptcy protections would be available to our U.S. operations, which would materially adversely affect our prospects and the rights of our lenders and securityholders.
• We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors and consultants may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity.
• There remains doubt and uncertainty that we will be able to legally enforce contracts we enter into.
• We have been or may become subject to litigation, including for possible product liability claims, which may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results from operations and financial condition.
• Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements may result in enforcement actions and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions.
• We are highly dependent on certain key personnel and if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, we may not be able to compete effectively in the cannabis market.
• The market price of our securities may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations.
• Our probable lack of business diversification could have a material adverse effect on our business.
• We may not be able to secure adequate or reliable sources of funding required to operate our business and meet consumer demand for our products.
• Product recalls could result in a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
• Our officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities which could result in a conflict of interest.
• Management may not be able to successfully implement and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting.
• We face costs of maintaining a public listing and being a reporting company in Canada and the U.S. which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
• We face risks related to our insurance coverage and uninsurable risks.
• The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us and our operations is uncertain and may adversely affect our business and financial condition.
• Our operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted by a material downturn in global financial
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
conditions.
• Increased prices and inflation could negatively impact our margin performance and our financial results.
• We may be subject to risks related to the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property rights, and may become subject to allegations that we are in violation of intellectual property rights of third parties.
• We will be reliant on information technology systems and may be subject to damaging cyber-attacks or security breaches.
• We may not be able to successfully identify and execute future acquisitions or dispositions, or to successfully manage the impacts of such transactions on our operations.
• We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Regulation and the Cannabis Industry
Some of our current and planned business activities, while compliant with applicable U.S. state and local law, are illegal under U.S. federal law.
We are engaged in the manufacturing, management, packaging/labeling, advertising, sale, transportation, storage and disposal of cannabis and are subject to laws and regulations relating to drugs, controlled substances, health and safety, the conduct of operations and the protection of the environment. Because the possession, use, cultivation, and transfer of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia is illegal under U.S. federal law, and any such acts are criminal acts under federal law under any and all circumstances under the CSA, an investor’s contribution to and involvement in such activities may result in federal civil and/or criminal prosecution, including forfeiture of the investors’ entire investment. We may also be deemed to be aiding and abetting illegal activities through the contracts we have entered into and the products that we intend to provide. As a result, U.S. law enforcement authorities, in their attempt to regulate the illegal use of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia, may seek to bring an action or actions against us, including, but not limited to, aiding and abetting another’s criminal activities. The U.S. federal aiding and abetting statute provides that anyone who “commits an offense against the U.S. or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal.” As a result of such an action, we may be forced to cease operations and be restricted from operating in the U.S., and our investors could lose their entire investment. Such an action would have a material negative effect on our business and operations.
Because the cannabis industry remains illegal under U.S. federal law, any property owned by participants in the cannabis industry which are either used in the course of conducting such business, or are the proceeds of such business, could be subject to seizure by law enforcement and subsequent civil asset forfeiture. Even if the owner of the property was never charged with a crime, the property in question could still be seized and subject to an administrative proceeding by which with minimal due process, it could be subject to forfeiture.
In addition, companies providing goods and/or services to companies like us that are engaged in cannabis- related activities may, under threat of federal civil and/or criminal prosecution, suspend or withdraw their services. Any suspension of service and inability to procure goods or services from an alternative source, even on a temporary basis, that causes interruptions in our operations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The success of our business strategy depends on the legality of the cannabis industry, which industry is subject to change at both the state and federal level.
The success of our business strategy depends on the legality of the cannabis industry. The political environment surrounding the cannabis industry in general can be volatile and the regulatory framework remains in flux. At the federal level, it currently does not appear that the risk of federal enforcement will be significantly altered by President Biden’s administration and his Attorney General, Merrick Garland. To our knowledge, there are to date a total of thirty-seven states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam that
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
have legalized a form of comprehensive commercial medical or adult-use cannabis reform; however, the risk remains that a shift in the regulatory or political realm could occur and have a drastic impact on the industry as a whole, adversely impacting our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
Delays in enactment of new state or federal regulations could restrict our ability to reach strategic growth targets and lower return on investor capital. Our strategic growth strategy is reliant upon certain federal and state regulations being enacted to facilitate the legalization of medical and adult-use cannabis. If such regulations are not enacted, or enacted but subsequently repealed or amended, or enacted with prolonged phase-in periods, our growth targets, and thus, the effect on the return of investor capital, could be detrimental. We are unable to predict with certainty when and how the outcome of these complex regulatory and legislative actions will affect our business and growth.
Further, there is no guaranty that state laws legalizing and regulating the sale and use of cannabis will not be repealed or overturned or that local governmental authorities will not limit the applicability of state laws within their respective jurisdictions. If the federal government begins to enforce federal laws relating to cannabis in states where the sale and use of cannabis is currently legal, or if existing applicable state laws are repealed or curtailed, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects would be materially adversely affected. It is also important to note that local and city ordinances may strictly limit and/or restrict disbursement of cannabis in a manner that will make it extremely difficult or impossible to transact business that is necessary for the continued operation of the cannabis industry. Federal actions against individuals or entities engaged in the cannabis industry or a repeal of applicable cannabis-related legislation could adversely affect us and our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We are aware that multiple states are considering special taxes or fees on businesses in the cannabis industry. It is a potential yet unknown risk at this time that other states are in the process of reviewing such additional fees and taxation. This could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
The commercial, medical and adult-use cannabis industries are in their infancy and we anticipate such regulations will be subject to change as the jurisdictions in which we will carry on business mature. We have put in place a detailed compliance program which will we oversee, maintain and implement. In addition to our legal and compliance departments, we also have local regulatory/compliance counsel engaged in every jurisdiction in which we operate. Our compliance program emphasizes security and inventory control to ensure strict monitoring of cannabis and inventory from delivery by a licensed distributor to sale or disposal. Additionally, we have created comprehensive standard operating procedures that include detailed descriptions and instructions for monitoring inventory at all stages of development and distribution. We will continue to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis in accordance with our compliance program and standard operating procedures to adapt to any changes to regulation in the cannabis industry.
Overall, the medical and adult-use cannabis industry is subject to significant regulatory change at both the state and federal level. Our inability to respond to the changing regulatory landscape may cause us to not be successful in capturing significant market share and could otherwise harm our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
We are subject to those risks inherent in an agricultural business.
Adult-use and medical marijuana are agricultural products. There are risks inherent in the agricultural business, such as insects, plant diseases and similar agricultural risks. Although our products are usually grown indoors under climate-controlled conditions, with conditions monitored, there can be no assurance that natural elements will not have a material adverse effect on the production of our products.
Due to the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, third parties may fail to establish or maintain business relationships with us, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
The parties with which we do business may perceive that they are exposed to reputational risk as a result of our cannabis business activities. While we have other banking relationships and believe that the services can be procured
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
from other institutions, we may in the future have difficulty establishing or maintaining bank accounts or other business relationships. Failure to establish or maintain business relationships could have a material adverse effect on us.
Due to the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, banks and other financial institutions which service the cannabis industry are at risk of violating certain financial laws, including anti-money laundering statutes, and if we do not have access to the U.S. banking system, our business and operations could be materially adversely affected.
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations domestically and in the U.S. that involve money laundering, financial recordkeeping and proceeds of crime, including the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), the Proceeds of Crime Act (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (Canada), as amended and the rules and regulations thereunder, the Criminal Code (Canada) and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by governmental authorities in the U.S. and Canada. Since the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of cannabis remains illegal under the CSA, banks and other financial institutions providing services to cannabis- related businesses risk violation of federal anti-money laundering statutes (18 U.S.C. §§ 1956 and 1957), the unlicensed money-remitter statute (18 U.S.C. § 1960) and the Bank Secrecy Act, among other applicable federal statutes. Banks or other financial institutions that provide cannabis businesses with financial services such as a checking account in violation of the Bank Secrecy Act could be criminally prosecuted for willful violations of money laundering statutes, in addition to being subject to other criminal, civil and regulatory enforcement actions. Banks often refuse to provide depository and lending services to businesses involved in the cannabis industry due to the present state of the laws and regulations governing financial institutions in the U.S. The lack of banking and financial services presents unique and significant challenges to businesses in the cannabis industry. The potential lack of a secure place in which to deposit and store proceeds, the inability to pay creditors through the issuance of checks and the inability to secure traditional forms of operational financing, such as lines of credit, are some of the many challenges presented by the unavailability of traditional banking and financial services. These statutes can impose criminal liability for engaging in certain financial and monetary transactions with the proceeds of a “specified unlawful activity” such as distributing controlled substances which are illegal under federal law, including cannabis, and for failing to identify or report financial transactions that involve the proceeds of cannabis-related violations of the CSA. We may also be exposed to the foregoing risks.
In February 2014, the United States Department of Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) issued the FinCEN Memorandum providing instructions to banks seeking to provide services to cannabis-related businesses. The FinCEN Memorandum states that in some circumstances, it is permissible for banks to provide services to cannabis-related businesses without risking prosecution for violation of the Bank Secrecy Act. It refers to supplementary guidance that former Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole issued to federal prosecutors relating to the prosecution of money laundering offenses predicated on cannabis-related violations of the CSA. Although the FinCEN Memorandum remains in effect today, overall, the DOJ continues to have the right and power to prosecute crimes committed by banks and financial institutions, such as money laundering and violations of the Bank Secrecy Act, that occur in any state, including in states that have legalized the applicable conduct and the DOJ’s current enforcement priorities could change for any number of reasons. A change in the DOJ’s enforcement priorities could result in the DOJ prosecuting banks and financial institutions for crimes that previously were not prosecuted. If we do not have access to the U.S. banking system, our business and operations could be materially adversely affected.
If our operations were found to be in violation of money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions may be viewed as proceeds of crime under federal statutes noted or any other applicable legislation, which could restrict or otherwise jeopardize our ability to declare or pay dividends, effect other distributions or subsequently repatriate such funds back to Canada, and subject us to civil and/or criminal penalties.
Potential violations of federal law resulting from cannabis-related activities include the U.S. Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”). RICO is a federal statute providing criminal penalties in addition to a civil cause
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization. Under RICO, it is unlawful for any person who has received income derived from a pattern of racketeering activity (which includes most felonious violations of the CSA), to use or invest any of that income in the acquisition of any interest, or the establishment or operation of any enterprise which is engaged in interstate commerce. RICO also authorizes private parties whose properties or businesses are harmed by such patterns of racketeering activity to initiate a civil action against the individuals involved. Although RICO suits against the cannabis industry are rare, a few cannabis businesses have been subject to a civil RICO action. Defending such a case has proven extremely costly, and potentially fatal to a business’ operations.
In the event that any of our operations, or any proceeds thereof, any dividends or distributions therefrom, or any profits or revenues accruing from such operations in the U.S. were found to be in violation of money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions may be viewed as proceeds of crime under one or more of the statutes noted above or any other applicable legislation. This could restrict or otherwise jeopardize our ability to declare or pay dividends, effect other distributions or subsequently repatriate such funds back to Canada, and subject us to civil and/or criminal penalties. Furthermore, while there are no current intentions to declare or pay dividends on the Common Shares in the foreseeable future, in the event that a determination was made that our proceeds from operations (or any future operations or investments in the U.S.) could reasonably be shown to constitute proceeds of crime, we may decide or be required to suspend declaring or paying dividends without advance notice and for an indefinite period of time. We could likewise be required to suspend or cease operations entirely.
Reclassification of cannabis in the U.S. could adversely impact our business and growth strategy.
If marijuana is re-categorized as a Schedule II or lower controlled substance, the ability to conduct research on the medical benefits of cannabis would most likely be improved; however, if cannabis is re- categorized as a Schedule II or other controlled substance, and the resulting re-classification would result in the requirement for FDA approval if medical claims are made for our products such as medical cannabis, then as a result, such products may be subject to a significant degree of regulation by the FDA and U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”). In that case, we may be required to be registered (licensed) to perform these activities and have the security, control, recordkeeping, reporting and inventory mechanisms required by the DEA to prevent drug loss and diversion. Obtaining the necessary registrations may result in delay of the cultivation, manufacturing or distribution of our anticipated products. The DEA conducts periodic inspections of certain registered establishments that handle controlled substances. Failure to maintain compliance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The DEA may seek civil penalties, refuse to renew necessary registrations or initiate proceedings to restrict, suspend or revoke those registrations. In certain circumstances, violations could lead to criminal proceedings. Furthermore, if the FDA, DEA, or any other regulatory authority determines that our products may have potential for abuse, it may require us to generate more clinical or other data than we currently anticipate in order to establish whether or to what extent the substance has an abuse potential, which could increase the cost and/or delay the launch of that product.
If the federal government reclassifies cannabis to a Schedule II controlled substance, it is possible that FDA would seek to regulate cannabis under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938. Additionally, FDA may issue rules and regulations, including good manufacturing practices related to the growth, cultivation, harvesting and processing of medical cannabis. Clinical trials may be needed to verify the efficacy and safety of cannabis. It is also possible that FDA would require facilities where medical use cannabis is grown to register with FDA and comply with certain federally prescribed regulations. In the event that some or all of these regulations are imposed, the impact they would have on the cannabis industry is unknown, including the costs, requirements and possible prohibitions that may be enforced.
It is also possible that the federal government could seek to regulate cannabis under the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives may issue rules and regulations related to the use, transporting, sale and advertising of cannabis or cannabis products, including smokeless cannabis products. If we are unable to comply with the potential regulations or registration requirements prescribed by FDA or the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, revenue, results of operation and financial condition.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
We may be subject to federal and state forfeiture laws which, if exercised, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
Violations of any federal laws and regulations could result in significant fines, penalties, administrative sanctions, convictions or settlements arising from civil proceedings conducted by either the federal government or private citizens, or criminal charges, including, but not limited to, seizure of assets, disgorgement of profits, cessation of business activities or divestiture. As an entity that conducts business in the cannabis industry in the U.S., we will be potentially subject to federal and state forfeiture laws (criminal and civil) that permit the government to seize the proceeds of criminal activity. Civil forfeiture laws could provide an alternative for the federal government or any state or local police force that wants to discourage residents from conducting transactions with cannabis-related businesses but believes criminal liability is too difficult to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Also, an individual can be required to forfeit property considered to be the proceeds of a crime even if the individual is not convicted of the crime, and the standard of proof in a civil forfeiture matter is lower than the standard in a criminal matter. Depending on the applicable law, whether federal or state, rather than having to establish liability beyond a reasonable doubt, the federal government or the state, as applicable, may be required to prove that the money or property at issue is proceeds of a crime only by either clear and convincing evidence or a mere preponderance of the evidence.
Employees of our company located in states where cannabis remains illegal may be at risk of prosecution under federal and/or state conspiracy, aiding and abetting and money laundering statutes and be at further risk of losing their investments or proceeds under forfeiture statutes. Many states remain fully able to take action to prevent the proceeds of cannabis businesses from entering their state. Because state legalization is relatively new, it remains to be seen whether these states would take such action and whether a court would approve it. Forfeiture laws, if exercised, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
Our operations in the U.S. and any future operations or investments may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in Canada.
Our operations in the U.S. and any future operations or investments may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in Canada. As a result, we may be subject to significant direct and indirect interaction with public officials. There can be no assurance that this heightened scrutiny will not in turn lead to the imposition of certain restrictions on our ability to operate or invest in the U.S. or any other jurisdiction, in addition to those described herein.
Further to the indication by CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc. (“CDS”), Canada’s central securities depository for clearing and settling trades in the Canadian equity, fixed income and money markets, that it would refuse to settle trades for cannabis issuers that have investments in the U.S., the TMX Group, the owner and operator of CDS, subsequently issued a statement in August 2017 reaffirming that there is no CDS ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S., despite media reports to the contrary and that the TMX Group was working with regulators to arrive at a solution that will clarify this matter, which would be communicated at a later time. In February 2018, following discussions with the Canadian Securities Administrators and recognized Canadian securities exchanges, the TMX Group announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with The Aequitas NEO Exchange Inc., the CSE, the Toronto Stock Exchange, and the TSX Venture Exchange. The MOU outlines the parties’ understanding of Canada’s regulatory framework applicable to the rules, procedures and regulatory oversight of the exchanges and CDS as it relates to issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S. The MOU confirms, with respect to the clearing of listed securities, that CDS relies on the exchanges to review the conduct of listed issuers. As a result, there is currently no CDS ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S. However, there can be no guarantee that this approach to regulation will continue in the future. If such a ban were to be implemented, it would have a material adverse effect on the ability of holders of Common Shares to make and settle trades. In particular, we would become highly illiquid until an alternative was implemented, as investors would have no ability to affect a trade of securities through the facilities of the applicable stock exchange.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
In addition, in the U.S., many clearing houses for major broker-dealer firms have refused to handle securities or settle transactions of companies engaged in cannabis-related business. This means that certain broker-dealers cannot accept for deposit or settle transactions in our securities, which may inhibit the ability of investors to trade in our securities and could negatively affect the liquidity of our securities.
Any restrictions imposed by the NEO Exchange or other applicable exchange on our business of and/or the potential delisting of the Common Shares from the NEO Exchange or other applicable exchange or regulatory agency would have a material adverse effect on us and on the ability of holders of Common Shares to make trades.
Regulatory changes may adversely affect our profitability or cause us to cease operations entirely.
Our business activities will rely on newly established and/or developing laws and regulations in multiple jurisdictions. These laws and regulations are rapidly evolving and subject to change with minimal notice. Regulatory changes may adversely affect our profitability or cause us to cease operations entirely. The cannabis industry may come under the scrutiny or further scrutiny by the FDA, SEC, DOJ, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or other applicable federal, state or non-governmental regulatory authorities or self- regulatory organizations that supervise or regulate the production, distribution, sale or use of cannabis for medical or non-medical purposes in the U.S. It is impossible to determine the extent of the impact of any new laws, regulations or initiatives that may be proposed, or whether any proposals will become law. The regulatory uncertainty surrounding our industry may adversely affect our business and operations, including without limitation, the costs to remain compliant with applicable laws and the impairment of our ability to raise additional capital, create a public trading market in the U.S. for our securities or to find a suitable acquirer, which could reduce, delay or eliminate any return on investment.
State regulatory agencies may require us to post bonds or significant fees, which may be economically prohibitive.
There is a risk that a greater number of state regulatory agencies will begin requiring entities engaged in certain aspects of the cannabis business or industry of legal marijuana to post a bond or significant fees when applying, for example, for a dispensary license or renewal as a guarantee of payment of sales and franchise tax. We are not able to quantify at this time the potential scope for such bonds or fees in the states in which we currently or may in the future operate. Any bonds or fees of material amounts could have a negative impact on the ultimate success of our business.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, accidents, labor disputes and changes in the regulatory environment.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, accidents, labor disputes and changes in the regulatory environment. Such occurrences could result in damage to assets, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in operations, monetary losses and possible legal liability. Although we maintain insurance to protect against certain risks in such amounts as we consider to be reasonable, our insurance does not cover all the potential risks associated with our operations. We may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not continue to be available or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards encountered in our operations is not generally available on acceptable terms. We might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards which may not be insured against or which we may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events may cause us to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
Public opinion and perception may significantly influence government policy and regulation of the cannabis industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and prospects.
Government policy changes or public opinion may also result in a significant influence over the regulation of the cannabis industry in the U.S., Canada or elsewhere. Public opinion and support for medical and adult- use marijuana has traditionally been inconsistent and varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
While public opinion and support appears to be rising for legalizing medical and adult-use marijuana, it remains a controversial issue subject to differing opinions surrounding the level of legalization (for example, legalization of medical marijuana as opposed to adult-use legalization). Further, adverse publicity reports or other media attention regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of marijuana in general, or associating the consumption of adult-use and medical marijuana with illness or other negative effects or events, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects. There is no assurance that such adverse publicity reports or other media attention will not arise. A negative shift in the public’s perception of cannabis, including vaping or other forms of cannabis administration, in the U.S., Canada or any other applicable jurisdiction could affect future legislation or regulation. Among other things, such a shift could cause state jurisdictions to abandon initiatives or proposals to legalize medical and/or adult-use cannabis, thereby limiting the number of new state jurisdictions into which we could expand. Also, the perception of negative health effects from the use of vaporizers to consume cannabis could result in state and local prohibitions on the sale of vaping products for an indefinite period of time. Any inability to fully implement our expansion strategy may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects. Among other things, such a shift could also cause states that have already legalized medical and/or adult-use cannabis to reevaluate the extent of, and introduce new restrictions on, the permitted activities and permitted cannabis products within their jurisdictions, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects. Recent medical alerts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health agencies on vaping related illness and other issues directly related to cannabis consumption could potentially create an inability to fully implement our expansion strategy or could restrict the products which we sell at our existing operations, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or prospects.
We face risks due to industry immaturity or limited comparable, competitive or established industry best practices.
As a relatively new industry, there are not many established operators in the medical and adult use cannabis industries whose business models we can follow or build upon. Similarly, there is limited information about comparable companies available for potential investors to review in making a decision about whether to invest in us.
Shareholders and investors should consider, among other factors, our prospects for success in light of the risks and uncertainties encountered by companies that, like us, are in their early stages. For example, unanticipated expenses and problems or technical difficulties may occur, which may result in material delays in the operation of our business. We may fail to successfully address these risks and uncertainties or successfully implement our operating strategies. If we fail to do so, it could materially harm our business to the point of having to cease operations and could influence investors’ abilities to recover their investments.
We may face opposition from the pharmaceutical industry which could have an adverse impact on our business.
The cannabis industry (both adult-use and medical, together or individually) could face a material threat from the pharmaceutical industry, should cannabis displace other drugs or health products, or otherwise encroach upon the pharmaceutical industry’s products. The pharmaceutical industry is well funded with a strong and experienced lobby that eclipses the funding of the movement in support of the adult-use and medical cannabis industries. In addition, the pharmaceutical industry may attempt to dominate the marijuana industry through the development and distribution of synthetic products which emulate the effects and treatment of organic marijuana. If they are successful, the widespread popularity of such synthetic products could change the demand, volume and profitability of the marijuana industry. This could adversely affect our ability to secure long-term profitability and success through the sustainable and profitable operation of our business. There may be unknown additional regulatory fees and taxes that may be assessed in the future. Any inroads the pharmaceutical industry could make in halting or impeding the cannabis industry could have an adverse impact on our business.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
We face intense competition from other companies and increasing legalization of cannabis and rapid growth and consolidation in the cannabis industry may further intensify competition.
The cannabis industry is undergoing rapid growth and substantial change, and the legal landscape for medical and recreational cannabis is rapidly changing internationally. An increasing number of jurisdictions globally are passing legislation allowing for the production and distribution of medical and/or recreational cannabis in some form or another. Entry into the cannabis market by international competitors might lower the demand for our products.
The foregoing legalization and growth trends in the cannabis industry has resulted in an increase in competitors, consolidation and formation of strategic relationships. Such acquisitions or other consolidating transactions could harm us in a number of ways, including by losing strategic partners if they are acquired by or enter into relationships with a competitor, losing customers, revenue and market share or forcing us to expend greater resources to meet new or additional competitive threats, all of which could harm our operating results. As competitors enter the market and become increasingly sophisticated, competition in the cannabis industry may intensify and place downward pressure on retail prices for products and services, which could negatively impact profitability.
We face and expect to continue to face intense competition from other companies, some of which can be expected to have longer operating histories, stronger brand recognition, and significantly greater financial resources, manufacturing and marketing experience than we have. This may enable them to adapt to changing market conditions and take advantage of new market opportunities more quickly than we are able to. Increased competition is likely to result in price compression, reduced gross margins and loss of market share. In addition, consolidation in the cannabis industry may create larger companies with financial resources, manufacturing and marketing capabilities and product offerings that are greater than ours. As a result of this competition, we may be unable to maintain our operations or develop them as currently proposed on terms that are considered acceptable. Increased competition by larger, better-financed competitors with geographic advantages could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operations.
We may face risks associated with competitive criminal enterprises dealing in cannabis.
Our operations may be a source of competition with current criminal enterprises dealing in cannabis, including drug cartels. As a result, our operations may be an ongoing target of attacks specifically designed to impede the continuation of our operations or the success of our products, and it may be exposed to various levels of criminal interference and other risks and uncertainties including terrorism, violence, hostage taking and other drug gang activities. The nature of our operations may also make us subject to greater risks of theft and greater risks as to property security. These conditions could lead to lower productivity and higher costs, which would adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow.
We face competition from illegal market operators that are unlicensed and unregulated, and that are selling cannabis and cannabis products, including products with higher concentrations of active ingredients, using flavors or other additives or engaging in advertising and promotion activities that we are not permitted to. As these illegal market participants do not comply with the regulations governing the cannabis industry, their operations may also have significantly lower costs and they may be able to sell products with significantly higher cannabinoid potencies or which include ingredients that are prohibited by law. The perpetuation of the illegal market for cannabis may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the public perception of cannabis use.
The Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment may not be renewed, potentially resulting in DOJ enforcement activities against entities in the cannabis industry.
An appropriations rider contained in various federal appropriations and spending bills since 2014 (formerly known as the ‘Rohrabacher-Farr’ Amendment); now known as the Joyce Amendment (the “Amendment”) provides budgetary constraints on the federal government’s ability to interfere with the implementation of state-based medical cannabis laws. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and other courts have interpreted the language to mean that the DOJ cannot prosecute
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
medical cannabis operators complying strictly with state medical cannabis laws. The Amendment does not protect state-legal adult-use businesses, and the DOJ maintains that it can still prosecute violations of the federal cannabis ban and continue cases already in the courts. If the Amendment expires and is not renewed, federal prosecutors could prosecute even compliant medical cannabis operators for conduct within the five-year statute of limitations. On December 29, 2022 the Amendment was most recently renewed through September 30, 2023. While this current appropriations rider only applies to jurisdictions authorizing medical cannabis-related activities, supportive legislators continue their efforts to amend future appropriations bills to extend the prohibition on the use of federal enforcement funds against the implementation of state cannabis programs regulating cannabis for either medical or adult-use purposes.
Pursuant to the Amendment, through September 30, 2023, the DOJ is prohibited from expending any funds to prevent states from implementing their own medical cannabis laws. President Biden became the first president to propose a budget with the Amendment included.
Although unlikely, there is a possibility that procedural rules in the House of Representatives and the Senate may ban all amendments from federal omnibus spending bills, and if this occurs and the substantive provisions of the Amendment are not included in the base federal omnibus spending bill or other law, these protections would lapse. If the Amendment or an equivalent thereof is not successfully included in the next or any subsequent federal omnibus spending bill, the protection which has been afforded thereby to U.S. medical cannabis businesses in the past would lapse, and such businesses would be subject to a higher risk of prosecution under federal law.
We could be materially adversely impacted due to restrictions under U.S. border entry laws.
In the past, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (the “U.S. CBP”) was given the discretion to question Canadians entering the U.S. about their marijuana use and determine whether to use their response as a barrier to entry. The U.S. CBP has previously focused on the whole cannabis industry, including investors. Several highly publicized instances of U.S. CBP detaining and even banning Canadian investors from the U.S. have occurred. The restriction of travel to the U.S. of individuals affiliated with us, as well as our investors, would materially impair our ability to conduct business and could materially impact our results of operations.
Uncertainty in regulatory changes in relation to vaporization devices could result in an impact to our interstate commerce, registration and revenue reporting requirements, and potential excise tax liability.
On December 27, 2020, the U.S. government passed the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act. Part of this legislation modified the existing language of the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking Act (“PACT Act”) and expanded the definition of “cigarette” to include “electronic nicotine delivery systems.” The newly added term “electronic nicotine delivery system” (“ENDS”), defined as a device intended to “deliver nicotine, flavor, or any other substance to the user inhaling from a device,” has extended the requirements of tobacco and tobacco products to electronic vaping devices that contain neither nicotine nor tobacco.
Under the amended PACT Act, ENDS are subject to the same federal and state registration mandates, monthly reporting requirements, and delivery restrictions as traditional cigarettes, including the prohibition on the use of the U.S. Postal Service (“USPS”) to deliver products directly to consumers.
The USPS has historically maintained an exception to this ban for tobacco products “mailed only … for business purposes between legally operating businesses that have all applicable State and Federal Government licenses or permits and are engaged in tobacco product manufacturing, distribution, wholesale, export, import, testing, investigation, or research …” (the “B2B Exception”) See 18 U.S.C. § 1716E(b)(3)(A)(i). In a proposed rule published on February 19, 2021, the USPS stated its intention to maintain this “business purposes exception” for ENDS. In advance of the final rule, on April 19, 2021, the USPS published guidance detailing the information required in an application for exception from the non-mailability provisions of the PACT Act for ENDS products. On October 21, 2021, the USPS released its Final Rule confirming the applicability of the B2B Exception for the mailing of ENDS between eligible businesses.
The effect of this change to the PACT Act could prevent the USPS from handling any package that contains ENDS shipped directly to a consumer. This could lead to a loss of carrier coverage and impact our inventory, the execution of our in-house brands and our overall revenue. While we retain both B2B and B2C relationships in this industry, it is
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
undetermined what impact, if any, we will experience as individual states and merchants implement the registration, reporting, and shipping restrictions to comply with the PACT Act. Furthermore, although we continue to determine state-level applicability of the PACT Act, the jurisdictions in which we may be subject to excise tax in remains undetermined at this time.
We may be required to disclose personal information of investors to government or regulatory entities or face the possibility of a license being revoked or cancelled.
We may own, manage or provide services to various U.S. state-licensed cannabis operations. Acquiring even a minimal and/or indirect interest in a U.S. state-licensed cannabis business can trigger requirements to disclose investors’ personal information. While these requirements vary by jurisdiction, some require interest holders to apply for regulatory approval and to provide tax returns, compensation agreements, fingerprints for background checks, criminal history records and other documents and information. Some states require disclosures of directors, officers and holders of more than a certain percentage of equity of the applicant. While certain states include exceptions for investments in publicly traded entities, not all states do so, and some such exceptions are confined to companies traded on a U.S. securities exchange. If these regulations were to extend to us, investors would be required to comply with such regulations, or we could face the possibility that the relevant cannabis license could be revoked or cancelled by the applicable state licensing authority.
We are subject to changes in laws, regulations and guidelines which could adversely affect our future business, financial condition and operations.
Our operations will be subject to various state and federal laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the manufacturing, managing, packaging/labeling, advertising, selling, transporting, storing and disposing of cannabis, including laws and regulations relating to controlled substances, health and safety, the conduct of business operations and the protection of the environment. Achievement of our business objectives will be contingent, in part, upon compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and obtaining all requisite regulatory approvals. Changes to such laws, regulations and guidelines due to matters beyond our control may cause adverse effects to us.
We endeavor to comply with all relevant laws, regulations and guidelines. However, changes to such laws, regulations and guidelines due to matters beyond our control may cause adverse effects to our operations and there is no assurance that we will be able to comply or continue to comply with applicable regulations. To the best of our knowledge, we are in compliance or in the process of being assessed for compliance with all such state laws, regulations and guidelines as described elsewhere in this report.
Any failure on our part to comply with applicable regulations could prevent us from being able to carry on our business.
Our business activities in all jurisdictions in which we operate are heavily regulated. Laws and regulations, applied generally, grant government agencies and self-regulatory bodies broad administrative discretion over our business activities, including the power to limit or restrict business activities as well as impose additional requirements on our products and services. Our activities are routinely assessed for compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Any failure of us to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in us becoming involved in a number of government or agency proceedings, investigations and audits. The outcome of any regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations, audits and other contingencies could harm our reputation, require us to take, or refrain from taking, actions that could harm our operations or require us to pay substantial amounts of money, harming our financial condition. There can be no assurance that any pending or future regulatory or agency proceedings, investigations and audits will not result in substantial costs or a diversion of management’s attention and resources or have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results or operations or prospects.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Adverse legal, regulatory or political changes could have a material adverse effect on our current and planned operations.
Achievement of our business objectives is contingent, in part, upon complying with other regulatory requirements enacted by governmental authorities and obtaining other required regulatory approvals. We will incur ongoing costs and obligations related to regulatory compliance. The regulatory regime which oversees cannabis is undergoing significant proposed changes and we cannot predict the impact of those changes on our business. Similarly, we cannot predict a timeline for securing the appropriate regulatory approvals and licenses for our products, or the extent of testing and documentation that may be required by government authorities. Any delays or failures in obtaining required regulatory approvals may significantly delay or impact the development of markets, products and sales initiatives and could have a material adverse effect on our business operations and finances. Failure to adapt and comply with regulations may result in additional costs for us through corrective measures, penalties and increased restrictions on our operations. In addition, changes to regulations, heightened enforcement thereof and other unanticipated events could have a material adverse effect on our operations and finances by requiring extensive changes to our operations, increasing compliance costs, generating material liabilities and effecting other aspects of our business that are currently unknown.
We may be subject to constraints on and differences in marketing our products under varying state laws.
There may be restrictions on sales and marketing activities imposed by government regulatory bodies that could hinder the development of our business and operating results. Restrictions may include regulations that specify what, where and to whom product information and descriptions may appear and/or be advertised. Marketing, advertising, packaging and labeling regulations also vary from state to state, potentially limiting the consistency and scale of our consumer branding communications and product education efforts. The regulatory environment in the U.S. limits our ability to compete for market share in a manner similar to other industries. Expansion of our business into new markets with different rules and regulations or distant from then-existing operations, may not succeed. Any such expansion may expose us to new operational, regulatory and/or legal risks. In addition, expanding into new localities may subject us to unfamiliar or uncertain local rules and regulations that may adversely affect our operations. For example, different localities may impose different rules on how cannabis may be cultivated, manufactured, processed, distributed and/or transported. Newly entered localities may also have competitive conditions, consumer preferences and spending patterns that are more difficult to predict or satisfy than the existing markets. If we are unable to effectively market our products and compete for market share, or if the costs of compliance with government legislation and regulation cannot be absorbed through increased selling prices for our products, our sales and operating results could be adversely affected.
Future research may lead to findings that vaporizers, electronic cigarettes and related products are not safe for their intended use.
Vaporizers, electronic cigarettes and related products were recently developed and therefore the scientific or medical communities have had a limited period of time to study the long-term health effects of their use. Currently, there is limited scientific or medical data on the safety of such products for their intended use and the medical community is still studying the health effects of the use of such products, including the long-term health effects. If the scientific or medical community were to determine conclusively that use of any or all of these products pose long-term health risks, market demand for these products and their use could materially decline. Such a determination could also lead to litigation, reputational harm and significant regulation. Loss of demand for our product, product liability claims and increased regulation stemming from unfavorable scientific studies on cannabis vaporizer products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Business and Operations
We are a holding company and are dependent on the earnings and distributions by our subsidiaries.
We are a holding company as all of our assets are the capital stock of our subsidiaries in each of the markets that we operate in and/or hold or recently held licenses in the adult-use and/or medicinal cannabis marketplace in Massachusetts, Ohio and Pennsylvania; and have no material assets other than: (i) cash on hand; and (ii) ownership of our subsidiaries and minority interests in certain operating companies. As a result, our investors are subject to the risks attributable to our
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
subsidiaries. As a holding company, we conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries, which generate substantially all of our revenues. Consequently, our cash flows and ability to complete current or desirable future enhancement opportunities are dependent on the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of those earnings to us. To the extent that we require funds, and our subsidiaries and such other entities are restricted from making such distributions by applicable law, regulation or contract, or are otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, as well as our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of any of our material subsidiaries, holders of indebtedness and trade creditors may be entitled to payment of their claims from the assets of those subsidiaries before us. We have no earnings or dividend record and the ability of these entities to pay dividends and other distributions will depend on their operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and regulations which require that solvency and capital standards be maintained by such companies and contractual restrictions contained in the instruments governing their debt. Any dividends paid by us would be subject to tax and potentially withholdings. We do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.
Our business is dependent on skilled labor, equipment, parts, components and key inputs and any interruption or disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to compete and grow will be dependent on our access, at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner, to skilled labor, equipment, parts and components. No assurances can be given that we will be successful in obtaining or maintaining our required supply of skilled labor, equipment, parts and components at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner, or at all. Our business is also dependent on several key inputs related to our growing operations as a vertically integrated U.S. based consumer packaged goods and pharmaceutical manufacturer in the cannabis industry including raw materials and supplies. Any significant interruption or negative change in the availability or economics of the supply chain for key inputs could materially impact our business, financial condition and operations. Any inability to secure required supplies and services or to do so on appropriate terms could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
It is also possible that the final costs of the major equipment contemplated by our capital expenditure plans may be significantly greater than anticipated by our management and may be greater than funds available to us, in which circumstance we may curtail or extend the timeframes for completing our capital expenditure plans. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Our reliance on third-party suppliers and loss of these suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may have a material adverse effect on our business and operational results.
We are reliant on third-party suppliers to develop and manufacture our products. Due to the uncertain regulatory landscape for regulating cannabis in the U.S., our third-party suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may elect, at any time, to decline or withdraw services necessary for our operations. Loss of these suppliers, manufacturers and contractors may have a material adverse effect on our business and operational results.
Our actual financial position and results of operations may differ materially from the expectations of our management.
Our financial position and operations may differ materially from management’s expectations. The process for estimating our revenue, net income and cash flow requires subjective judgment in determining the appropriate assumptions and estimates. These estimates and assumptions may be revised as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses are performed. However, these assumptions may not prove to be accurate and other factors may affect our financial condition and operations.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
We have incurred substantial indebtedness that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and we may not be able to refinance, extend or repay this indebtedness on a timely basis or at all.
We have existing indebtedness. As of February 15, 2023, we had total indebtedness of $46,260. Our indebtedness could have important consequences and significant effects on our business. For example, it could:
● increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions;
● require us to dedicate a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to making payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;
● limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate;
● restrict us from exploiting business opportunities;
● place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and
● limit our ability to borrow additional funds or obtain additional financing in the future.
We could also incur additional debt in the future. The terms of our secured promissory notes do not prohibit us from incurring certain permitted indebtedness. To the extent we incur additional debt, we would become even more susceptible to the leverage-related risks described above.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants that limit management’s discretion in the operation of our business.
On February 15, 2023, we refinanced $38,000 in aggregate principal amount of secured promissory notes issued originally in 2019 (the “2023 Refinanced Notes”), which mature on February 15, 2026, and issued secured promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $8,260 (the “2023 New Notes” and together with the 2023 Refinanced Notes, the “2023 Notes”), which mature on February 15, 2027.
The 2023 Notes and our other debt agreements contain various restrictive covenants customary for arrangements of these types that restrict our ability to, among other things:
● incur additional debt;
● pay dividends and make other distributions;
● make investments and other restricted payments;
● make acquisitions;
● merge, consolidate or transfer all or substantially all of our assets;
● enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
● create liens; and
● enter into transactions with affiliates.
If we fail to comply with the restrictions or financial covenants in present or future financing agreements, a default may occur. The 2023 Notes may be accelerated and all remedies may be exercised by the holder in case of an event of default under the 2023 Notes, which includes events that customarily constitute an event of default for debt securities of this type as well as upon a change of control, the termination of Gary F. Santo’s or Dana Arvidson’s employment for any reason and the failure by the Company to appoint a replacement for either within 90 days that is approved by the noteholder representative. A default could allow creditors to accelerate the related debt as well as any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. A default could also allow creditors to foreclose on any collateral securing such debt.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service requirements.
The 2023 Notes are subject to prepayment obligations and our ability to service our debt depends on our ability to generate the necessary cash flow. Generation of the necessary cash flow is partially subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate cash flow from operations to repay these obligations at maturity and are otherwise unable to extend the maturity dates or refinance these obligations, we would be in default. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to raise the necessary amount of capital to repay these obligations, that any obligations that are convertible will be converted into equity or that we will be able to extend the maturity dates or otherwise refinance these obligations. Upon a default, the lenders under such debt would have the right to exercise their rights and remedies to collect, which would include the ability to foreclose on our assets. Accordingly, a default by us would have a material adverse effect on our business, capital, financial condition and prospects and we would likely be forced to seek bankruptcy protection.
Mark Scatterday has significant influence over the Company and may have interests that conflict with those of our other shareholders.
As of February 15, 2023, Mark Scatterday, a former director and former CEO of the Company, beneficially owned approximately 18.5% of our outstanding Common Shares. As a result of his beneficial ownership of our Common Shares, he has sufficient voting power to significantly influence all matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of voting power may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of us or discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares, which could prevent shareholders from receiving a premium for their shares. These actions may be taken even if other shareholders oppose them. The interests of Mr. Scatterday may conflict with the interests of other shareholders. Mr. Scatterday’s significant beneficial ownership may also adversely affect the trading price of our Common Shares due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.
In addition, Mr. Scatterday, through an affiliated entity, is our largest secured creditor as the holder of approximately $22,831 in the aggregate principal amount of our outstanding secured promissory notes as of February 15, 2023. As such, Mr. Scatterday has significant influence over our management and policies and may be in a position to determine whether to permit transactions, waive defaults or accelerate our indebtedness. Additionally, Mr. Scatterday, together with the other note holders, has the right to designate two nominees on our Board of Directors. As a result, the presence of directors nominated by these holders enables them to influence and impact future actions taken by our Board of Directors.
Our shareholders may experience significant dilution as a result of the issuances of Common Shares upon exercise of our outstanding warrants or the trigger of the anti-dilution rights under the warrants, and the market price of our Common Shares could be adversely affected.
As of February 28, 2023, we had outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 101,045,592 Common Shares. Any future exercises of these warrants will be dilutive to our existing shareholders. The triggering of the anti-dilution rights in the warrants may also result in such securities being exercisable for a significant number of additional Common Shares and/or exercisable for a reduced exercise price. As a result, the number of shares issuable could prove to be significantly greater than they are currently and could result in substantial dilution to our other shareholders. Sales of substantial amounts of our Common Shares in the public or private market, a perception in the market that such sales could occur, or the issuance of shares as a result of exercise of the warrants or increase in the issuable securities under the warrants, could adversely affect the market price of our Common Shares.
We expect to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our investment in infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations.
We expect to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our investment in growth and regulatory compliance, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and cash flow. In addition, changes in regulations, heightened enforcement thereof or other unanticipated events could require extensive changes to our operations, increase compliance costs or generate material liabilities. Any of these occurrences could have a material
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Our efforts to grow may prove to be more costly than expected, and we may not be able to increase our revenue sufficiently to offset higher operating expenses. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including other risks described herein, unforeseen expenses, compliance or operating difficulties, complications and delays, and other events presently unknown to us.
We are dependent on regulatory approvals and licenses to conduct our business, and there is no assurance that our licenses will be issued, extended or renewed by each applicable regulatory authority.
Our ability to grow, store and sell cannabis in the U.S. is dependent on our ability to obtain licenses in the relevant state and local jurisdictions to do so. We will be required to obtain or renew further government permits and licenses for our contemplated operations. Obtaining, amending or renewing the necessary governmental permits and licenses can be a time-consuming process potentially involving numerous regulatory agencies, involving public hearings and costly undertakings on our part. The duration and success of our efforts to obtain, amend and renew permits and licenses will be contingent upon many variables not within our control, including the interpretation of applicable requirements implemented by the relevant permitting or licensing authority. We may not be able to obtain, amend or renew permits or licenses that are necessary to our operations. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the permitting and licensing process could impede our ongoing or proposed operations. To the extent permits or licenses are not obtained, amended or renewed, or are subsequently suspended or revoked, we may be curtailed or prohibited from proceeding with our ongoing operations or planned development and commercialization activities. Such curtailment or prohibition may result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
There is no assurance that our licenses will be issued, extended or renewed by each applicable regulatory authority, or, if issued, extended or renewed on terms that are favorable to us. There is also no assurance that our licenses will be renewed by each applicable regulatory authority in the future in a timely manner. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the licensing renewal process for any of the licenses held by us could impede our ongoing or planned operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
There is no assurance that we will be able to develop our products, which could prevent us from ever becoming profitable.
If we cannot successfully develop, manufacture and distribute our products, or if we experience difficulties in the development process, such as capacity constraints, quality control problems or other disruptions, we may not be able to develop market ready commercial products at acceptable costs, which would adversely affect our ability to effectively enter the market. A failure by us to achieve a low cost structure through economies of scale or improvements in cultivation and manufacturing processes would have a material adverse effect on our commercialization plans and our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
There is no assurance that we will turn a profit or generate immediate revenues.
There is no assurance that we will be profitable, earn revenues or pay dividends. We have incurred and anticipate that we will continue to incur substantial expenses relating to the development and operations of our business.
The payment and amount of any future dividends will depend upon, among other things, the results of our operations, cash flow, financial condition and variable and capital requirements. There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid and if dividends are paid, there is no assurance as to the amount of any such dividends.
Our growth and development may be hindered by applicable limitations on ownership of licenses.
In certain states, the cannabis laws and regulations limit not only the number of cannabis licenses issued, but also the number of cannabis licenses that one person may own. For example, in Massachusetts, no person or entity having “direct or indirect control,” which includes a direct or indirect ownership interest of 10% or greater, may hold more than three licenses in a particular class, except as specified in the regulations. We believe that, where such types of restrictions apply, it may still capture significant share of revenue in the market through wholesale sales, exclusive marketing relations, provision of support services or other manners of arrangement with other industry participants. Nevertheless, such
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
limitations on the acquisition or ownership of additional licenses within certain states or enforcement by regulators in certain states against such services arrangements may limit our ability to grow organically or to increase our market share in such states.
The results of future clinical research may be unfavorable to cannabis which may have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products.
Research regarding the medical and/or therapeutic benefits, viability, safety, efficacy and dosing of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids (such as CBD and THC) remains in early stages. There have been relatively few clinical trials on the benefits of cannabis or isolated cannabinoids (such as CBD and THC). Although we believe that various articles, reports and studies support our beliefs regarding the medical and/or therapeutic benefits, viability, safety, efficacy and dosing of cannabis, future research and clinical trials may prove such statements to be incorrect or could raise concerns regarding cannabis. Further, the cannabis industry is highly dependent upon consumer perception regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of the cannabis produced. Consumer perception can be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings regarding the consumption of cannabis products. There can be no assurance that future scientific research or findings will be favorable to the cannabis market or any particular product, or consistent with earlier research or findings. Future research studies and clinical trials may draw opposing conclusions to those stated in current research or reach negative conclusions regarding the medical and/or therapeutic benefits, viability, safety, efficacy, dosing or other facts related to cannabis, which could have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products, and therefore on our business, prospects, revenue, results of operation and financial condition.
We may incur significant tax liabilities due to limitations on tax deductions and credits under the applicable sections of the Internal Revenue Code.
Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”), prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with trafficking controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA). Section 280E drastically increases federal taxes for cannabis businesses operating under state-sanctioned regulatory programs because they are generally not permitted to deduct their operating expenses and are barred from taking standard deductions available to most other businesses. As a result, an otherwise profitable business may in fact operate at a loss after taking into account its income tax expenses. The IRS has invoked Section 280E in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the U.S. that are permitted under applicable state laws. Although the IRS issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses, the scope of such items is interpreted very narrowly and the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are not permitted to be deducted. We will be precluded from claiming certain deductions otherwise available to non-marijuana businesses and may incur significant tax liabilities due to the application of Section 280E of the Code. While there are currently several pending cases before various administrative and federal courts challenging these restrictions, there is no guarantee that these courts will issue an interpretation of Section 280E favorable to cannabis businesses. Consequently, there is no certainty that we will not be subject to Section 280E in the future, and accordingly, there is no certainty that the impact that Section 280E has on our margins will ever be reduced.
We, as a Canadian corporation existing under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, generally would be classified as a non-U.S. Corporation under general rules of U.S. federal income taxation. Section 7874 of the Code, however, contains rules that can cause a non-U.S. Corporation to be taxed as a U.S. corporation (“U.S. Corporation”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under section 7874 of the Code, a corporation created or organized outside the U.S. (i.e., a non-U.S. Corporation) will nevertheless be treated as a U.S. Corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes (such treatment is referred to as an “Inversion”) if each of the following three conditions are met: (i) the non-U.S. Corporation acquires, directly or indirectly, or is treated as acquiring under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations, substantially all of the assets held, directly or indirectly, by a U.S. Corporation, (ii) after the acquisition, the former shareholders of the acquired U.S. Corporation hold at least 80% (by vote or value) of the shares of the non-U.S. Corporation by reason of holding shares of the acquired U.S. Corporation (taking into account the receipt of the non-U.S. Corporation’s shares in exchange for the U.S. Corporation’s shares), and (iii) after the acquisition, the non-U.S. Corporation’s expanded affiliated group does not have substantial business activities in the non-U.S. Corporation’s country of organization or incorporation when compared to the expanded affiliated group’s total business activities. For this purpose, “expanded affiliated group” means a group of corporations where (i) the non-U.S. corporation owns stock representing more than 50% of the vote and value of at least one member of the expanded affiliated group, and (ii) stock representing more than 50% of the vote and value of each member is owned by other members of the group. The definition of an “expanded affiliated group” includes
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
partnerships where one or more members of the expanded affiliated group own more than 50% (by vote and value) of the interests of the partnership. We intend to be treated as a U.S. Corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes under section 7874 of the Code and expect to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our worldwide income. However, for Canadian tax purposes, we are expected, regardless of any application of section 7874 of the Code, to be treated as a Canadian resident company (as defined in the Income Tax Act) for Canadian income tax purposes. As a result, we will be subject to taxation both in Canada and the U.S., which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
FDA regulation of medical cannabis may cause novel regulatory compliance and registration requirements.
FDA regulation of medical cannabis and the possible registration of facilities where medical cannabis is grown could negatively affect the medical cannabis industry, which would directly affect our financial condition. Should the federal government legalize cannabis for medical use, it is possible that FDA would seek to regulate it under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938. Additionally, FDA may issue rules and regulations including certified good manufacturing practices, related to the growth, cultivation, harvesting and processing of medical cannabis. Clinical trials may be needed to verify efficacy and safety. It is also possible that FDA would require that facilities where medical cannabis is grown register with FDA and comply with certain federally prescribed regulations. In the event that some or all of these regulations are imposed, it is unknown what the impact would be on the medical cannabis industry, including what costs, requirements and possible prohibitions may be enforced. If we are unable to comply with the regulations or registration as prescribed by FDA it may have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that U.S. federal bankruptcy protections would be available to our U.S. operations, which would materially adversely affect our prospects and on the rights of our lenders and securityholders.
Because the use of cannabis is illegal under federal law, many courts have denied cannabis businesses bankruptcy protections, thus making it very difficult for lenders to recoup their investments in the cannabis industry in the event of a bankruptcy. If we were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that U.S. federal bankruptcy protections would be available to our U.S. operations, which would have a material adverse effect on us, our lenders and other stakeholders.
Additionally, there is no guarantee that we will be able to effectively enforce any interests that we may have in our other subsidiaries and investments. A bankruptcy or other similar event related to an entity in which we hold an interest that precludes such entity from performing its obligations under an agreement may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Further, should an entity in which we hold an interest have insufficient assets to pay its liabilities, it is possible that other liabilities will be satisfied prior to the liabilities or equity owed to us. In addition, bankruptcy or other similar proceedings are often a complex and lengthy process, the outcome of which may be uncertain and could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors and consultants may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity.
We and our affiliates will be exposed to the risk that any of our employees, independent contractors and consultants may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorized activities that violate, (i) government regulations, (ii) manufacturing standards, (iii) federal and provincial healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations, or (iv) laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. It may not always be possible for us to identify and deter misconduct by our and our affiliates’ employees and other third parties and the precautions taken by us to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. We cannot provide assurance that our internal controls and compliance systems will protect us from acts committed by our or our affiliates’ employees, agents or business partners in violation of U.S. federal or state or local laws. If any such actions are instituted against us and we are not successful in defending or asserting our rights, those actions could have a material impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
curtailment of our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
There remains doubt and uncertainty that we will be able to legally enforce contracts we enter into.
Due to the nature of our business and the fact that our contracts involve cannabis and other activities that are not legal under U.S. federal law and in some jurisdictions, we may face difficulties in enforcing our contracts in federal and certain state courts. The inability to enforce any of our contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or prospects.
We have been or may become subject to litigation, including for possible product liability claims, which may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results from operations and financial condition.
We may be named as a defendant in a lawsuit or regulatory action and may also incur uninsured losses for liabilities which arise in the ordinary course of business, or which are unforeseen, including, but not limited to, employment liability, business loss claims, and litigation, including class action lawsuits, such as those regarding the Telephone Consumer Protection Act. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, sales, cash flow and financial condition.
Additionally, as a manufacturer, processor and distributor of products designed to be ingested by humans, we face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims, regulatory action and litigation if our products are alleged to have caused significant loss or injury. In addition, the manufacture and sale of our products involves the risk of injury to consumers due to tampering by unauthorized third parties or product contamination. Previously unknown adverse reactions resulting from human consumption of our products alone or in combination with other medications or substances could occur. Although we have quality control procedures in place, we may be subject to various product liability claims, including, among others, that the products produced by us, or the products that will be purchased by us from third-party licensed producers, caused injury, illness or death, include inadequate instructions for use or include inadequate warnings concerning possible side effects or interactions with other substances. A product liability claim or regulatory action against us could result in increased costs, could adversely affect our reputation with our customers and consumers generally and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain product liability insurance on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities. Such insurance is expensive and may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. The inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of our potential products.
Monitoring and defending against legal actions, whether or not meritorious, can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Adverse outcomes in some or all of these actions may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief that could result in material liability or adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. Litigation and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. Litigation, complaints, and actions involving either us and/or our subsidiaries, regardless of the outcome, could consume considerable amounts of financial and other corporate resources, adversely impact our reputation and have a material adverse effect on the market price of our Common Shares and our future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions.
We are subject to environmental regulations that mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards and land reclamation. The regulations also set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect our operations.
Government environmental approvals and permits are currently, and may in the future be required in connection with our operations. To the extent such approvals are required and not obtained, we may be curtailed or prohibited from our proposed business activities or from proceeding with the development of our operations as currently proposed.
Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations and permit requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. We may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage due to our operations and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations.
We may encounter unknown environmental risks.
There can be no assurance that we will not encounter hazardous conditions, such as asbestos or lead, at the sites of the real estate used to operate our businesses, which may delay the development of our businesses. Upon encountering a hazardous condition, work at our facilities may be suspended. If we receive notice of a hazardous condition, we may be required to correct the condition prior to continuing construction. If additional hazardous conditions were present, it would likely delay construction and may require significant expenditure of our resources to correct the conditions.
We are highly dependent on certain key personnel and if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, we may not be able to compete effectively in the cannabis market.
Our success has depended and continues to depend upon our ability to attract and retain key management, including the CEO, the chief financial officer (“CFO”), technical experts and sales personnel. We will attempt to enhance our management and technical expertise by recruiting qualified individuals who possess desired skills and experience in targeted areas. Our inability to attract and retain employees or engineering and technical support resources could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, sales, cash flow or financial condition. Shortages in qualified personnel, increased personnel costs, or the loss of key personnel could adversely affect our financial condition, operations of the business and could limit our ability to develop and market our cannabis- related products. The loss of any of our senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and strategy, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all. We do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees.
The market price of our securities has been and may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations.
The market price for our Common Shares has been and may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following: (i) actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations; (ii) recommendations by securities research analysts; (iii) changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies in the industry in which we operate; (iv) addition or departure of our executive officers and other key personnel; (v) release or expiration of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on outstanding Common Shares; (vi) sales or perceived sales of additional Common Shares; (vii) significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or involving us or our competitors; (viii) fluctuations to the costs of vital production materials and services; (ix) changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions, such as interest rates and pharmaceutical product price volatility; (x) operating and share price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us or from a lack of market comparable companies; (xi) news reports relating to trends, concerns, technological or competitive developments, regulatory changes and other related issues in our industry or target markets; and (xii) regulatory changes in the industry.
Financial markets have at times historically experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of equity securities of companies and that have often been unrelated to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. Accordingly, the market price of our Common Shares may decline even if our operating results, underlying asset values or prospects have not changed. Additionally, these factors, as well as other related factors, may cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
temporary, which might result in impairment losses. There can be no assurance that continuing fluctuations in price and volume will not occur. If such increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue, our operations could be adversely affected and the trading price of our Common Shares might be materially adversely affected.
Since our securities are currently listed on the OTCQX, our shareholders may face significant restrictions on the re-sale of our securities due to state “blue sky” laws.
Each state has its own securities laws, often called “blue sky” laws, which (i) limit sales of securities to a state’s residents unless the securities are registered in that state or qualify for an exemption from registration, and (ii) govern the reporting requirements for broker-dealers doing business directly or indirectly in the state. Before a security is sold in a state, there must be a registration in place to cover the transaction, or the transaction must be exempt from registration. The applicable broker must also be registered in that state. We do not know whether our Common Shares will be exempt from registration under the laws of any state. Since our Common Shares are currently quoted on the OTCQX, a determination regarding registration will be made by those broker-dealers, if any, who agree to serve as the market-makers for the Common Shares. There may be significant state blue sky law restrictions on the ability of investors to sell, and on purchasers to buy, the Common Shares. Investors should therefore consider the resale market for our Common Shares to be limited.
We may not be able to accurately forecast our operating results and plan our operations due to uncertainties in the cannabis industry.
We have a limited operating history and a history of net losses that make it difficult to make accurate predictions and forecasts about our business, operations and financial conditions. This difficulty is only compounded by the fact that the cannabis industry is continuously evolving. As a result of recent and ongoing regulatory and policy changes in the medical and adult-use marijuana industry, the market data available is limited and unreliable. Federal and state laws prevent widespread participation and hinder market research. Therefore, we must rely largely on our own market research to forecast sales as detailed forecasts are not generally obtainable from other sources at this early stage of the industry. Market research and our projections of estimated total retail sales, demographics, demand, and similar consumer research are based on assumptions from limited and unreliable market data, and generally represent the personal opinions of our management team. A failure in the demand for our products to materialize as a result of competition, technological change or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
Our probable lack of business diversification could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The prospects for our success will depend upon the future performance and market acceptance of our intended facilities, products, processes and services. Unlike certain entities that have the resources to develop and explore numerous product lines, operating in multiple industries or multiple areas of a single industry, we do not anticipate the ability to immediately diversify or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses.
Our industry is experiencing rapid growth and consolidation that may cause us to lose key relationships and intensify competition.
The cannabis industry is undergoing rapid growth and substantial change, which has resulted in an increase in competitors, consolidation and formation of strategic relationships. Acquisitions or other consolidating transactions could harm us in several ways, including the loss of strategic partners if they are acquired by or enter into relationships with a competitor, the loss of customers, revenue and market share, or us being forced to expend greater resources to meet new or additional competitive threats, all of which could harm our operations. As competitors enter the market and become increasingly sophisticated, competition in our industry may intensify and place downward pressure on prices for our products, which could negatively impact our profitability.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
We may not be able to secure adequate or reliable sources of funding required to operate our business and meet consumer demand for our products.
There is no guarantee that we will be able to achieve our business objectives. Our continued development may require additional financing. The failure to raise such capital could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of our current business objectives. There can be no assurance that additional capital or other types of financing will be available or that, if available, the terms of such financing will be favorable to us. In addition, from time to time, we may enter into transactions to acquire assets or shares of other companies. These transactions may be financed wholly or partially with debt, which may increase our debt levels above industry standards. Any debt financing secured in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. Debt financings may also contain provisions which, if breached, may entitle lenders or their agents to accelerate repayment of loans and/or realize security over our assets. There is no assurance that we would be able to repay such loans in such an event or prevent the enforcement of security granted pursuant to such debt financing.
Product recalls could result in a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Manufacturers and distributors of products are sometimes subject to the recall or return of their products for a variety of reasons, including product defects, such as contamination, unintended harmful side effects or interactions with other substances, packaging safety and inadequate or inaccurate labelling disclosure. Although we have detailed procedures in place for testing our products, there can be no assurance that any quality, potency or contamination problems will be detected in time to avoid unforeseen product recalls, regulatory action or lawsuits. If any of our products are recalled due to an alleged product defect or for any other reason, we could be required to incur the unexpected expense of the recall and any legal proceedings that might arise thereto. We may lose a significant amount of sales and may not be able to replace those sales at an acceptable margin or at all. In addition, a product recall may require significant management attention. Additionally, if one of our significant brands were subject to recall, the image of that brand and we could be harmed. Moreover, product recalls can lead to increased scrutiny of operations by applicable regulatory agencies, requiring further management attention and potential legal fees and other expenses. A recall for any reason could lead to decreased demand for our products and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.
Our officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities which could result in a conflict of interest.
We may be subject to various potential conflicts of interest because some of our officers and directors may be engaged in a range of business activities. In addition, our executive officers and directors may devote time to their outside business interests, so long as such activities do not materially or adversely interfere with their duties to us. In some cases, our executive officers and directors may have fiduciary obligations associated with these business interests that interfere with their ability to devote time to our business and affairs and that could adversely affect our operations. These business interests could require significant time and attention of our executive officers and directors.
In addition, we may also become involved in other transactions which conflict with the interests of our directors and the officers who may from time to time deal with persons, firms, institutions or companies with which we may be dealing, or which may be seeking investments like those desired by us. The interests of these persons could conflict with our interests. In addition, from time to time, these persons may be competing with us for available investment opportunities. Conflicts of interest, if any, will be subject to the procedures and remedies provided under applicable laws. In particular, if such a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of our directors, a director who has such a conflict will abstain from voting for or against the approval of such participation or such terms. In accordance with applicable laws, our directors are required to act honestly, in good faith and in our best interests.
Management may not be able to successfully implement and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting.
We are subject to various reporting and other regulatory requirements in Canada and the U.S. We have incurred and will continue to incur expenses and, to a lesser extent, diversion of our management’s time in our efforts to comply with
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and requirements in Canada regarding internal controls over financial reporting. Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing we conduct in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm when required, may reveal deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retrospective changes to our consolidated financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of the Common Shares and an adverse effect on our business.
We face costs of maintaining a public listing and being a reporting company in Canada and the U.S. which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a public company with securities listed on the NEO Exchange, there are costs associated with legal, accounting and other expenses related to regulatory compliance. Securities legislation and the rules and policies of the NEO Exchange require listed companies to, among other things, adopt corporate governance and related practices, and to continuously prepare and disclose material information, all of which add to a company’s legal and financial compliance costs. We may also elect to devote greater resources than we otherwise would have on communication and other activities typically considered important by publicly traded companies.
In addition, we are subject to the reporting requirements, rules and regulations under applicable Canadian and U.S. securities laws. The requirements of existing and potential future rules and regulations under applicable Canadian and U.S. securities laws will increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and may place undue strain on our personnel, systems and resources, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our emerging growth company status and our smaller reporting company status allows us certain exemptions from various reporting requirements.
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other exemptions from requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. We have elected to use this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies.
For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of certain other exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more; (ii) the last day of the year following the fifth anniversary of the first sale of the common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”); (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC.
We are also currently a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company, and we have (a) a public float of less than $250 million or (b) annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available and (i) no public float or (ii) a public float of less than $700 million.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
In the event that we are still considered a smaller reporting company at such time as we cease being an emerging growth company, the disclosure we will be required to provide in our SEC filings will increase, but it will still be less than it would be if we were not considered either an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company. Specifically, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports.
We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Shares less attractive because we will rely on the exemptions available to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies. If some investors find our Common Shares less attractive as a result, then there may be a less active trading market for our Common Shares and our stock price may be more volatile.
Our business may be impacted by consumer perception of the cannabis industry, which we cannot control or predict.
We believe the cannabis industry is highly dependent upon consumer perception regarding the benefits, safety, efficacy and quality of the cannabis distributed for medical purposes to such consumers. Consumer perception of our products can be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings, regulatory investigations, litigation, political statements, media attention and other publicity (if accurate or with merit) regarding the consumption of cannabis products for medical purposes, including unexpected safety or efficacy concerns arising with respect to our products or the products of our competitors. There can be no assurance that future scientific research, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other research findings or publicity will be favorable to the cannabis market or any product or consistent with earlier publicity.
Future research, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity that are perceived as less favorable than, or that question, earlier research reports, findings or publicity could have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products, operations and financial condition. Our dependence upon consumer perceptions means that adverse scientific research reports, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity (if accurate or with merit), could have an adverse effect on any demand for our products which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operations. Further, adverse publicity reports or other media attention regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of cannabis for medical purposes in general or our products specifically or associating the consumption of cannabis with illness or other negative effects or events, could have such a material adverse effect. Such adverse publicity reports or other media attention could arise even if the adverse effects associated with such products resulted from consumers’ failure to consume such products legally, appropriately or as directed.
The increased usage of social media and other web-based tools used to generate, publish and discuss user-generated content and to connect with other users has made it increasingly easier for individuals and groups to communicate and share opinions and views, whether or not true, on our operations and activities and the U.S. cannabis industry in general, whether true or not. Social media permits user-generated content to be distributed to a broad audience which can respond or react, in near real time, with comments that are often not filtered or checked for accuracy. In many cases, we do not have the ability to filter such comments or verify their accuracy. Accordingly, the speed with which negative publicity (whether true or not) can be disseminated has increased dramatically with the expansion of social media. The dissemination of negative or inaccurate posts, comments or other user-generated content about us on social media (including those published by third-parties) could damage our brand, image and reputation or how the U.S. cannabis industry is perceived generally, which could have a detrimental impact on the market for our products and thus on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to develop and maintain lasting relationships with consumers.
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. There are many factors which could impact our ability to attract and retain customers, including but not limited to brand awareness, our ability to continually produce desirable and effective cannabis products, the successful implementation of our consumer-acquisition plan and the continued growth in the aggregate number of consumers purchasing cannabis products. Our failure to acquire and retain consumers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operations.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
We face risks related to our insurance coverage and uninsurable risks.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, accidents, labor disputes, destruction from civil unrest and changes in the regulatory environment. Such occurrences could result in damage to assets, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in operations, monetary losses and possible legal liability.
Although we intend to continue to maintain insurance to protect against certain risks in such amounts as we consider to be reasonable, our insurance will not cover all the potential risks associated with our operations. We may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not continue to be available or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards encountered in our operations is not generally available on acceptable terms. We might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards which we may not be insured against or which we may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events may cause us to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon our financial performance and results of operations.
Our web presence’s visibility is not limited by geography.
Internet websites are visible by people everywhere, not just in jurisdictions where the activities described therein are considered legal. As a result, to the extent we sell services or products via web-based links targeting only jurisdictions in which such sales or services are compliant with state law, we may face legal action in other jurisdictions which are not the intended object of any of our marketing efforts for engaging in any web-based activity that results in sales into such jurisdictions deemed illegal under applicable laws.
We may have increased labor costs based on union activity.
Labor unions are working to organize workforces in the cannabis industry in general. Currently, there is no labor organization that has been recognized as a representative of our employees. However, it is possible that certain retail and/or manufacturing locations will be organized in the future, which could lead to work stoppages or increased labor costs and adversely affect our business, profitability and our ability to reinvest into the growth of our business. We cannot predict how stable our relationships with U.S. labor organizations would be or whether we would be able to meet any unions’ requirements without impacting our financial condition. Labor unions may also limit our flexibility in dealing with our workforce. Work stoppages and instability in union relationships could delay the production and sale of our products, which could strain relationships with customers and cause a loss of revenues which would adversely affect our operations.
Risks Related to COVID-19 Pandemic and Macro-Economic Conditions
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us and our operations is uncertain and may adversely affect our business and financial condition.
We may be impacted by business interruptions resulting from pandemics and public health emergencies, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic. An outbreak of infectious disease, a pandemic, or a similar public health threat, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, or a fear of any of the foregoing, could adversely impact our operations by causing operating, manufacturing, supply chain, and project development delays and disruptions, labor shortages, travel and shipping disruptions and shutdowns (including as a result of government regulation and prevention measures). It is unknown whether and how we may be affected if such a pandemic persists for an extended period of time, including as a result of the waiver of regulatory requirements or the implementation of emergency regulations to which we are subject. Although we have been deemed essential and/or have been permitted to continue operating our facilities in the states in which we cultivate, process, manufacture and sell cannabis during the pendency of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no assurance that our operations will continue to be deemed essential and/or will continue to be permitted to operate. We may incur expenses or delays relating to such events outside of our control, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition and the trading price of the Common Shares.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
The COVID-19 pandemic reduced people’s ability and willingness to go into public to purchase cannabis at brick-and-mortar retail stores, travel to and work for us and our subsidiaries and provide other necessary services for the operation of our business as a result of which the COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The COVID-19 pandemic caused companies and various international jurisdictions to impose travel, gathering and other public health restrictions. While these local effects have proven to be temporary, the duration of the various disruptions to businesses internationally and the related financial impact while the COVID-19 pandemic persists cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact the ability of suppliers in China to produce cannabis accessory products, including vaporizer and vaporizer accessories, and transport such products to our production facilities in a timely and cost-effective manner. Alternative sources of supply and transport may not be available or financially feasible, which could impact product availability, increase the cost of our products, make products more expensive for consumers, and result in reduced consumer demand.We are actively assessing and responding where possible to the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such public health crises can result in volatility and disruptions in global supply chains and financial markets, as well as declining trade and market sentiment and reduced mobility of people, all of which could affect commodity prices, interest rates, credit ratings, credit risk and inflation. The risks to us of such public health crises also include risks to employee health and safety, a slowdown or temporary suspension of operations impacted by an outbreak, increased labor and fuel costs, regulatory changes or backlog, political or economic instabilities or civil unrest. At this point, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to impact us is uncertain and these factors are beyond our control; however, it is possible that COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted by a material downturn in global financial conditions.
Global financial conditions have historically experienced extreme volatility. Economic shocks may be precipitated by a number of causes, including a rise in the price of oil, geopolitical instability and natural disasters. Any sudden or rapid destabilization of global economic conditions could impact our ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future on terms favorable to us. Additionally, any such occurrence could cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than temporary, which may result in impairment losses. Further, in such an event, our operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.
Furthermore, general market, political and economic conditions, including, for example, inflation, interest and currency exchange rates, structural changes in the cannabis industry, supply and demand for commodities, political developments, legislative or regulatory changes, social or labor unrest and stock market trends will affect our operating environment and our operating costs and profit margins and the price of our securities. Any negative events in the global economy could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
Increased prices and inflation could negatively impact our margin performance and our financial results.
Increased inflation, including rising prices for raw materials, components, labor and energy increases the costs to manufacture and distribute our products and we may be unable to pass these costs on to our customers. Additionally, we are exposed to fluctuations in other costs such as labor and energy prices. If inflation in these costs increases beyond our ability to control for them through measures such as implementing operating efficiencies, we may not be able to increase prices to sufficiently offset the effect of various cost increases without negatively impacting customer demand, thereby negatively impacting our margin performance and results of operations.
We may be adversely affected by boycotts, civil unrest and other geo-political disruptions.
We may be adversely affected by boycotts, civil unrest and other geo-political disruptions. These events may damage our properties, deny us access to an adequate workforce, increase the cost of energy and other raw materials, temporarily or permanently close our facilities, disrupt the production, supply and distribution of our products and potentially disrupt information systems.
If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on goods imported into the U.S. from China or any related counter-measures are taken by China, our revenue and results of operations may be materially harmed. Currently, the average
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
tariffs on the majority of goods imported from China is 19.3%, which is significantly higher than before additional duties were imposed in 2018. These tariffs apply primarily to our vaporizer and vaporizer accessory products, and as a result, the cost of our products may increase. In addition, any such additional tariffs may also make our products more expensive for consumers, which may reduce consumer demand. We may need to offset the financial impact by, among other things, moving our product manufacturing to other locations where feasible, modifying other business practices or raising prices. If we are not successful in offsetting the impact of any such tariffs, our revenue, gross margins and operating results may be adversely affected.
In late February 2022, Russia initiated significant military action against Ukraine. In response, the U.S. and certain other countries imposed significant sanctions and trade actions against Russia, and could impose further sanctions, trade restrictions and other retaliatory actions should the conflict continue or worsen. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of the conflict, including related geopolitical tensions, and the measures and retaliatory actions taken by the U.S. and other countries in respect thereof, as well as any counter measures or retaliatory actions by Russia in response. The measures and actions taken by various countries have caused and are likely to continue to cause regional instability and geopolitical shifts. Further, such conflict has materially adversely affected and is likely to continue to materially adversely affect global trade, currency exchange rates, regional economies and the global economy. In particular, while it is difficult to anticipate the impact of any of the foregoing on us, the conflict and actions taken in response to the conflict could increase our costs, reduce our sales and earnings, impair our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to our Intellectual Property and Information Technology
We may be subject to risks related to the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property rights and may become subject to allegations that we are in violation of intellectual property rights of third parties.
As long as cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law, the benefit of certain federal laws and protections which may be available to most businesses, such as federal trademark and patent protection regarding the intellectual property of a business, may not be available us. As a result, our intellectual property may never be adequately or sufficiently protected against the use or misappropriation by third parties. In addition, since the regulatory framework of the cannabis industry is in a constant state of flux, we can provide no assurance that we will ever obtain any protection of our intellectual property, whether on a federal, state or local level.
Ownership and protection of intellectual property rights is a significant aspect of our future success. Currently we rely on trade secrets, technical know-how and proprietary information that are not protected by patents to maintain our competitive position. We try to protect such intellectual property by entering into confidentiality agreements with parties that have access to it, such as business partners, collaborators, employees and consultants. If any of these parties breach these agreements, we may not have adequate remedies available. Additionally, our trade secrets and technical know-how, which are not protected by patents, may otherwise become known to or be independently developed by competitors, in which case our business, financial condition and operations could be materially adversely affected.
Unauthorized parties may attempt to replicate or otherwise obtain and use our products, trade secrets, technical know-how and proprietary information. Policing the unauthorized use of our current or future intellectual property rights and enforcing those rights could be difficult, expensive, time-consuming and unpredictable. Identifying unauthorized use of intellectual property rights is difficult and we may be unable to effectively monitor and evaluate the products being distributed by our competitors and the processes used to produce such products. Additionally, some or all of our current or future trademarks, patents, proprietary know-how, arrangements, agreements or other intellectual property rights seeking to protect us, may be found invalid, not infringed, unenforceable or anti-competitive in an infringement proceeding. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our current or future trademarks, patents or other intellectual property rights at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put existing intellectual property applications at risk of not being issued. Any or all of these events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Other parties may claim that our products infringe on their proprietary and other protected rights. Such claims, if meritorious, may result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources, legal fees, result in injunctions, temporary restraining orders and/or require the payment of damages. We may also need to obtain licenses from third
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
parties who allege that we have infringed on their lawful rights. As such, we may not be able to obtain or utilize such rights or licenses at all or on terms that are favorable to us.
We may be forced to litigate to defend our intellectual property rights, or to defend against claims by third parties against us relating to intellectual property rights.
We may be forced into litigation to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of other parties’ proprietary rights. Any such litigation could be very costly and could distract our management from focusing on operations. The existence and/or outcome of any such litigation could harm our business. Because the content of much of our intellectual property concerns cannabis and other activities that are not legal in some jurisdictions, we may face additional difficulties in defending our intellectual property rights. For instance, the USPTO does not allow trademarks directly related to cannabis and cannabis products to be registered due to the illegal nature of the business and products under federal law.
We are reliant on information technology systems and may be subject to damaging cyber-attacks or security breaches.
We have and will continue to enter into agreements with third parties for hardware, software, telecommunications and other information technology (“IT”) services regarding our operations. Our operations depend, in part, on how well we and our suppliers protect networks, equipment, IT systems and software against damage from many threats, including, but not limited to, cable cuts, damage to physical plants, natural disasters, intentional damage and destruction, fire, power loss, hacking, computer viruses, vandalism and theft. Our operations also depend on the timely maintenance, upgrade and replacement of networks, equipment, IT systems and software, as well as pre-emptive expenses to mitigate the risks of failures. Any of these and other events could result in information system failures, delays and/or increase in capital expenses. The failure of information systems or a component of information systems could, depending on the nature of any such failure, adversely impact our reputation and results of operations.
We have not experienced any material losses to date relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that we will not incur such losses in the future. Our risk and exposure to these matters cannot be fully mitigated because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats. As a result, cyber security and the continued development and enhancement of controls, processes and practices designed to protect systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access is a priority. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance protective measures or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities.
Given the nature of our products and our lack of legal availability outside of channels approved by applicable governmental and regulatory authorities, as well as the concentration of inventory in our facilities, there remains a risk of security as well as theft. If there was a breach in security systems and we become a victim of robbery or theft, the loss of cannabis plants, cannabis oils, cannabis flowers and cultivation and processing equipment, or if there was a failure of information systems or a component of information systems, could, depending on the nature of any such breach or failure, adversely impact our reputation, business continuity and results of operations. A security breach at one of our facilities could expose us to additional liability and to potentially costly litigation, increased expenses relating to the resolution and future prevention of such breaches and may deter potential consumers from choosing our products.
We are subject to data privacy laws, rules and regulations and any non-compliance with such laws, rules and regulations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We are subject to laws, rules and regulations in the U.S. (such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”)) and other jurisdictions relating to the collection, processing, storage, transfer and use of personal data. Our ability to execute transactions and to possess and use personal information and data in conducting our business subjects us to legislative and regulatory burdens that may require us to notify regulators and customers, employees and other individuals of a data security breach. Evolving compliance and operational requirements under the CCPA and the privacy laws, rules and regulations of other jurisdictions in which we operate impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time. In addition, non-compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities and/or significant fines, could negatively impact our reputation and may otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Risks Related to our Acquisitions and Growth Strategy
We may not be able to successfully identify and execute future acquisitions or dispositions, or to successfully manage the impacts of such transactions on our operations.
Material acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic transactions involve a number of risks, including: (i) potential disruptions of our ongoing business; (ii) distractions of management; (iii) we may become more financially leveraged; (iv) the anticipated benefits and cost savings may not be realized fully, or at all, and may take longer than expected; (v) an increase in the scope and complexity of our operations; and (vi) a loss or reduction of control over certain of our assets.
The presence of one or more material liabilities of an acquired company that are unknown to us at the time of acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business prospects and financial condition. A strategic transaction may result in a significant change to our business, operations and strategy. In addition, we may encounter unforeseen obstacles or costs in implementing a strategic transaction or integrating any acquired business into our operations.
We may complete additional acquisitions, enter into new lines of business and expand into new geographic markets and businesses, each of which may result in upfront costs and additional risks and uncertainties in our businesses.
We intend, if market conditions warrant, to grow our businesses by acquiring additional businesses, expanding existing products lines, entering into new product lines and entering new geographic markets. Attempts to expand our businesses involve a number of special risks, including some or all of the following:
• the required investment of capital and other resources;
• the diversion of management’s attention from our existing businesses;
• the assumption of liabilities in any acquired business;
• the disruption of our ongoing businesses;
• entry into markets or lines of business in which we may have limited or no experience;
• compliance with or applicability to our businesses of regulations and laws, including, in particular, regulations and laws in new states and localities, and a lack of experience in interacting with the regulatory authorities responsible for enforcing these regulations and laws; and
• increasing demands on our operational and management systems and controls.
Because we have not yet identified these potential new acquisitions, product line expansions, and expansions into new geographic markets or lines of business, we cannot identify all of the specific risks we may face and the potential adverse consequences on us and any investments that may result from any attempted acquisition or expansion.
Our ability to complete strategic alliances or partnerships will be dependent on and may be limited by the availability of suitable candidates and capital.
We currently have, and may in the future enter, into partnerships or strategic alliances with third parties that we believe will complement or augment our existing business. Such partnerships or strategic alliances could present unforeseen integration obstacles or costs, may not enhance our business and may involve risks that could adversely affect us, including significant amounts of management time that may be diverted from operations in order to pursue and complete such transactions or maintain such strategic alliances. Future strategic alliances or partnerships could result in the incurrence of additional debt, costs and contingent liabilities and there can be no assurance that future strategic alliances or partnerships will achieve, or that our existing strategic alliances or partnerships will continue to achieve, the expected benefits to our business or that we will be able to consummate future strategic alliances on satisfactory terms, or at all. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
If we implement our business plan as intended, we may in the future experience rapid growth and development. The management of this growth will require, among other things, continued development of our financial and management controls and information systems, stringent control of costs, the ability to attract and retain qualified management personnel and the training of new personnel. We intend to outsource resources and hire additional personnel to manage our expected growth and expansion. Failure to successfully manage our possible growth and development could have a material adverse effect on our business and the value of our equity.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Leases
The following table sets forth the Company’s principal properties as of December 31, 2022:
Location
Square Feet
Purpose
Leased/Owned
Phoenix, AZ
13,115
Administrative
Leased
Cambridge, MA
9,882
Retail sale
Leased
Taunton, MA
539,273
*
Cultivation, manufacturing/processing, and retail sale/distribution
Leased
Taunton, MA
N/M
Administrative
Leased
Taunton, MA
20,000
Retail sale/distribution
Leased
Brockton, MA
6,000
Retail sale/distribution
Leased
Cleveland, OH
20,725
Manufacturing/processing and distribution
Leased
Elyria, OH
6,180
Vacant
Owned
White Haven Borough, PA
478,724
*
Cultivation, manufacturing/processing, and distribution
Owned
Total Square Footage
1,093,899
N/M = not meaningful
* represents total square footage of parcel
All properties are subject to liens by creditors as described in Note 12 - Notes Payable to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Other than as described below, the Company is not aware of any material legal proceedings or regulatory actions that the Company is a party to, or that any of its property is the subject of, and no such proceedings are known by the Company to be contemplated.
The Company has been named as a defendant in several legal actions and is subject to various risks and contingencies arising in the normal course of business. Management is of the opinion that the outcome of these uncertainties will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.
On July 14, 2020, the Company was served with a claim filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against it and certain of its former directors and officers. The plaintiff claimed and sought to claim on behalf of a proposed class, an unspecified amount of damages for alleged misrepresentations made by the defendants about the Company’s business in its public disclosure during the proposed class period of October 12, 2018 to May 1, 2019. Prior to any hearings in the matter, the parties reached a settlement of the proposed class action. The settlement was approved by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, on behalf of a defined certified class of investors, by Order dated November 29, 2021. The plan for the distribution of the settlement funds is ongoing.
In September 2020, the Company entered into a partial settlement agreement and release with O’Melveny & Myers LLP (“OMM”) in respect of a previously disclosed arbitration instituted by OMM. Pursuant to initial arbitration documents, OMM claimed that the Company had failed to pay approximately $3,100 in fees, of which an amount in excess of $100 was specifically attributable to certain Baker matters. Pursuant to the settlement agreement and release, the Company agreed to pay $100 in full and final settlement of the invoices outstanding for services rendered and costs incurred in the legal representation by OMM of those specific Baker matters, but not of the invoices concerning OMM’s other representation of the Company. On March 19, 2020, OMM filed suit against the Company concerning its claims against the Company in the Supreme Court of British Columbia, and on August 10, 2020 the Company filed suit against OMM in San Francisco Superior Court, asserting its own claims against OMM and an OMM partner, and also concerning the alleged fees and costs still claimed by OMM. After OMM’s British Columbia action was stayed on the ground of inconvenient forum, OMM answered the Company’s complaint and asserted cross-claims to recover the alleged fees and costs of its representation of the Company. The parties executed a settlement agreement on November 30, 2022. The amount reserved for settlement is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
On February 2, 2021, the Haze Corp., Nevada (“Haze NV”) filed a complaint in Clark County, Nevada’s Eighth Judicial District Court against Brand Canna Growth Partners, Inc. (“BCGP”), Michael Orr, Santé Veritas Holdings, Inc. (“SVH”) and SVT. As explained below, Haze NV later amended its complaint to name a second plaintiff, the Haze Corp., Ontario (“Haze Ontario,” and together with Haze NV, the “Plaintiffs”). SVH and SVT are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. In the operative complaint, Plaintiffs allege that Haze Ontario entered into a Finders’ Fee Agreement with BCGP in 2017 and under that agreement Haze Ontario is owed payments for acquisitions that it facilitated. Plaintiffs further allege that Haze Ontario assigned its rights to payment under the Finder’s Fee Agreement to Haze NV. Plaintiffs allege that BCGP is influenced and governed by SVH and SVT because they had the same principal, defendant Michael Orr, and SVH and SVT are liable for BCGP’s or Orr’s obligations under the Finders’ Fee Agreement. SVT and SVH moved for dismissal. On May 13, 2021, the court granted the motion without prejudice. On May 17, 2021, Haze NV moved for leave to amend its complaint, adding Haze Ontario as a plaintiff and again naming SVT and SVH as defendants. That motion to amend was granted by the court on June 29, 2021. SVT and SVH again moved to dismiss on July 23, 2021. On August 10, 2021, Plaintiffs again moved to amend, seeking to add TILT Holdings Inc. and TILT Holdings US, Inc. as defendants. On October 7, 2021, the motions to dismiss were denied without prejudice and the court ordered the parties to participate in limited jurisdictional discovery before entertaining renewed motions to dismiss. The parties are now participating in the court-ordered limited jurisdictional discovery period, which began on May 1, 2022. This limited discovery period is closed and defendants are preparing their renewed motions to dismiss.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
On November 13, 2020, VPR Brands, LP (“VPR”) filed a lawsuit against Jupiter in the United States District Court in the District of Arizona. VPR claims infringement of several claims in United States Patent Number 8,205,622. Jupiter filed an Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) as AIA Review No.: IPR2022-00299 on December 20, 2021 alleging that the patent claims involved in the suit are invalid. The request for IPR was denied on July 12, 2022 and a request on rehearing was denied on October 11, 2022. This lawsuit is presently in the discovery phase. Jupiter, through its counsel, has analyzed the claims and is vigorously defending the lawsuit.
On October 14, 2021, the Company announced that it was supporting Smoore Technology in a complaint filed with the U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”) to defend against certain intellectual property infringements of CCELL® branded vape products. The Company is one of two authorized distributors of CCELL branded vape hardware and associated products in the U.S., and has been pivotal to the formation of the domestic industry for oil vaping cartridges in the U.S. In recent years, several vape brands, importers and retailers have distributed products that infringe upon CCELL’s patent and trademark rights. Through the complaint filed with the ITC, Smoore Technology requested that the ITC institute an investigation into those intellectual property infringements. The ITC granted the institution request on November 4, 2021, commencing an investigation. Smoore Technology has requested that the ITC issue an exclusion order to block infringing products from importation into the U.S. If granted, the requested remedy will help protect the market and customers from lower quality infringing products that do not meet the CCELL brand's exacting standards. The ITC trial took place in August 2022. On February 1, 2023, the ITC issued an initial determination that no violation of Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, had occurred.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
The Common Shares were previously listed on the CSE until August 16, 2021. The Common Shares are currently listed on the NEO Exchange under the symbol “TILT” and quoted on one of the OTC Markets Group over-the-counter exchanges (“OTCQX”) under the symbol “TLLTF”. The Company’s compressed shares (“Compressed Shares”) are not listed or quoted on any exchange and there is no established public trading market for the Compressed Shares.
The following table indicates the high and low values with respect to trading activity for the Common Shares on the CSE and the NEO Exchange for the periods indicated below (Source: Thomson Eikon).
Period
Low Trading Price (C$)
High Trading Price (C$)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Fourth Quarter Ended December 31, 2022
0.040
0.195
Third Quarter Ended September 30, 2022
0.155
0.260
Second Quarter Ended June 30, 2022
0.120
0.390
First Quarter Ended March 31, 2022
0.225
0.415
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Fourth Quarter Ended December 31, 2021
0.250
0.600
Third Quarter Ended September 30, 2021
0.465
0.680
Second Quarter Ended June 30, 2021
0.500
0.720
First Quarter Ended March 31, 2021
0.370
0.920
The price of the Common Shares as quoted by the NEO Exchange at the close of business on December 31, 2022, was C$ 0.05.
The following table indicates the high and low values with respect to trading activity for the Common Shares on the OTCQX for the periods indicated below (Source: Thomson Eikon). Any over-the-counter market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down, or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
Period
Low Trading Price (US$)
High Trading Price (US$)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Fourth Quarter Ended December 31, 2022
0.03
0.15
Third Quarter Ended September 30, 2022
0.11
0.21
Second Quarter Ended June 30, 2022
0.07
0.31
First Quarter Ended March 31, 2022
0.17
0.35
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Fourth Quarter Ended December 31, 2021
0.19
0.47
Third Quarter Ended September 30, 2021
0.37
0.54
Second Quarter Ended June 30, 2021
0.40
0.59
First Quarter Ended March 31, 2021
0.27
0.75
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Shareholders
As of February 28, 2023, there are 779 holders of record of Common Shares and zero holders of record of the Compressed Shares.
Dividends
The payment of dividends on the Common Shares will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend on the Company’s financial condition and the need to finance the Company’s business activities. The Company has not paid any dividends on any class of its securities since incorporation; however, there are no restrictions in the Articles of the Company that could prevent the Company from paying dividends if the financial condition of the Company warranted such payment. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend, among other things, on the Company’s financial condition, earnings, business environment, operating results, capital requirements, any contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and any other factors that the Board considers relevant.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. RESERVED
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described in the Item 1A. “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report. See also the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” as actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements and information.
Overview
The Company was incorporated under the laws of Nevada pursuant to NRS Chapter 78 on June 22, 2018. The Company was continued under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (“BCBCA”) pursuant to a Certificate of Continuance dated November 14, 2018. The Company’s head office is located in Phoenix, Arizona and its registered office is located in Vancouver, British Columbia.
The Company operates through two business divisions: Inhalation Technology and Cannabis. The Inhalation Technology division encompasses the Jupiter Research, LLC (“Jupiter”) business, through which the Company sells vape and accessory products and services to regulated markets across 39 states in the U.S., as well as Canada, Israel, South America and the European Union. The Cannabis division includes operations in Massachusetts at Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc. (“CAC”), in Pennsylvania at Standard Farms LLC (“Standard Farms PA”) and in Ohio at Standard Farms Ohio LLC (“Standard Farms OH”).
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Through CAC, the Company operates a vertically integrated marijuana facility in Taunton, Massachusetts, dually licensed for both medical and adult-use cultivation, manufacturing and retail sales and a dispensary, also dually licensed for both medical and adult-use retail sales, in Brockton, Massachusetts. CAC also has another medical dispensary operating in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Through these operating facilities the Company produces, packages, and sells a variety of cannabis flower, vape cartridge, concentrate, edible and topical products via wholesale and retail to Massachusetts customers.
Through Standard Farms PA, the Company operates a fully-licensed integrated cultivation and manufacturing facility specializing in high-quality medical cannabis products such as vape cartridges, flower, capsules, oil syringes and tinctures, all of which are sold via wholesale to Pennsylvania customer throughout the Commonwealth.
Through Standard Farms OH’s facility outside Cleveland, Ohio, the Company produces high-quality medical cannabis products from cannabis biomass including tinctures, vape cartridges, syringes, topicals, concentrates and edibles, which are then sold and distributed throughout Ohio via wholesale to other licensed cannabis businesses.
Certain Trends and Uncertainties
The Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be unfavorably impacted by the following trends and uncertainties. See also Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussions of these and other risks that may affect the Company.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Conflicts
In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized the coronavirus 2019 disease (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic. The Company continues to implement and evaluate actions to strengthen its financial position and support the continuity of its business and operations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts, including the recent war in Ukraine, have created much uncertainty in the global marketplace. The Company is closely monitoring the ongoing impact of such events on all aspects of its business, including how it will impact its services, customers, employees, vendors, and business partners now and in the future. While the COVID-19 pandemic and recent geopolitical conflicts did not materially adversely affect the Company’s financial results and business operations in the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company is unable to predict the impact that these events will have on its future financial position and operating results due to numerous uncertainties.
Results of Operations
The Company reports the results of operations of its affiliates and subsidiaries from the date that control commences, either through the purchase of the business or control through a management agreement. The following selected financial information includes only the results of operations after the Company established control of affiliates and subsidiaries. Accordingly, the information included below may not be representative of the results of operations of such affiliates or subsidiaries had their results of operations been included for the entire reporting period.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues, net
$
174,188
$
202,705
Cost of goods sold
(136,020)
(152,502)
Gross profit
38,168
50,203
Operating loss
(90,862)
(39,793)
Total other expense
(13,596)
(9,236)
Loss from operations before income tax and non-controlling interest
(104,458)
(49,029)
Net loss before non-controlling interest
(107,464)
(35,126)
Net loss attributable non-controlling interest
-
Net loss attributable to TILT Holdings Inc.
(107,455)
(35,126)
Revenue
Revenue represents the amount the Company expects to receive for goods and services in its contracts with customers, net of discounts and sales taxes. The Company’s revenue is derived from the following:
Sale of Goods - Vaporization and Inhalation Devices:
Revenue from the wholesale sales of accessories is recognized when the Company transfers control and satisfies its performance obligations on wholesale sales of accessories. Revenue is recognized from product sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of sale with the customer.
Sale of Goods - Cannabis:
Revenue from the direct sale of goods to customers for a fixed price is recognized when the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer. The Company transfers control and satisfies its performance obligations on retail sales upon delivery and acceptance from the customer. For dispensary sales, this occurs at the point of sale at the dispensary. The Company satisfies its performance obligation on wholesale sales when goods are delivered to the customer.
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $174,188, down from $202,705 for the year ended December 31, 2021, reflecting a year-over-year decrease of $28,517 or 14%. The decrease was primarily attributable to Jupiter which decreased revenue by $34,623 or 21%, mainly driven by lower sales volume due to the timing of bulk purchases by certain larger customers and lower average prices in certain product lines due to customer mix. Partially offsetting Jupiter’s revenue decrease, revenue in the Cannabis division for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $6,106 or 15% year-over-year, mainly driven by increased sales volume, an expanding portfolio of partner brands and a full year of revenue from adult-use retail sales at two of the Company’s Massachusetts dispensaries.
Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit and Gross Margin Percentage
Cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $136,020, down from $152,502 for the year ended December 31, 2021, reflecting a year-over-year decrease of $16,482 or 11%, primarily due to decreased sales volume at Jupiter, partially offset by increased sales volume across wholesale and retail cannabis operations.
Gross profit reflects revenue less production costs primarily consisting of labor, materials, rent and facilities, supplies, overhead, and amortization on production equipment, shipping, packaging and other expenses required to grow and manufacture cannabis products. Gross margin represents gross profit as a percentage of revenue.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
The Company’s gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $38,168, down from $50,203 for the year ended December 31, 2021, which reflects a year-over-year decrease of $12,035 or 24%. Gross margin was 22% and 25% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in gross profit was mainly due to decreased revenue year-over-year at Jupiter and price compression in the Cannabis division, while the decrease in gross margin was primarily driven by competitive pressures on pricing in the Massachusetts and Pennsylvania cannabis markets.
Total Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses primarily consists of costs incurred at the Company’s corporate offices, share-based compensation, personnel costs including wages and employee benefits, professional service costs including accounting and legal expenses, rental costs associated with certain of the Company’s offices and facilities, insurance expenses, costs associated with advertising and marketing the Company’s products and other general and administrative expenses which support the Company’s business.
The following is a summary of the Company’s operating expenses derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended December 31,
Wages and benefits
$
22,045
$
17,407
General and administrative
20,713
19,608
Sales and marketing
2,450
Share-based compensation
3,327
3,804
Depreciation and amortization
18,352
17,857
Impairment loss and loss on disposal of assets
62,143
30,398
Total operating expenses
$
129,030
$
89,996
Total operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $129,030, an increase of $39,034 or 43% year-over-year from $89,996. The increase was primarily in impairment loss related to annual impairment testing of goodwill. In addition, there was an increase in wages and benefits, mainly driven by increased headcount at CAC with the activation of two additional dispensaries in Massachusetts and by a company-wide cost of living adjustment to wages. Sales and marketing costs increased primarily due to increased marketing costs undertaken to drive growth in retail operations and increase support for the Company’s various in-house cannabis brands. General and administrative expense increased mainly driven by expanded retail cannabis operations and an increase in hiring and related costs as the Company centralized certain functions in the corporate office and expanded IT infrastructure to support growth initiatives.
Impairment Losses
Impairment losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $62,143, an increase of $31,745 year-over-year from $30,398. The increase is primarily due to goodwill impairment. The goodwill impairment was mainly related to annual impairment testing for Jupiter, Standard Farms PA and Standard Farms OH, where in the carrying amount of the reporting units exceeded their respective fair values by a total of $49,794. The impairment charges were primarily driven by changes in cannabis market conditions and in the current capital market environment.
The Company also tests its intangible assets annually for impairment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $11,351 related to its license rights for Standard Farms PA and Standard Farm OH. In addition, in connection with management’s ongoing multi-phase plans to produce high-quality flowers, the Company replaced existing lights in its Taunton Facility with new market-standard LED lights. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on disposal in the amount of $697, which represented the carrying value of existing lights. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2022, it was determined that certain assets held for sale had a carrying value greater than their fair market value. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $175 to bring these assets held for sale to fair market value.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Total Other Income (Expense)
The following is a summary of the Company’s total other income (expense) derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Year Ended December 31,
Interest income
$
$
Other income
Change in fair value of warrant liability
2,394
6,001
Gain on sale of assets
-
Unrealized loss on investment
(296)
(891)
Loan receivable losses
(1,677)
(4,562)
Loss on termination of lease
-
(261)
Interest expense
(14,241)
(10,367)
Foreign exchange gain
-
Total other expense
$
(13,596)
$
(9,236)
Other income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2022 was ($13,596), an increase of $4,360 from other expense of ($9,236) for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in interest expense related to the lease liability at the Company’s Taunton Facility and the revolving credit facility at Jupiter. In addition, there was a decrease in non-cash income due to the change in fair value of warrant liabilities driven by the November 2022 expiration of the warrants issued in connection with the issuance of the 2019 Senior Notes, resulting in no warrant liability as of December 31, 2022 (refer to Note 4 - Fair Value Measurements for further details). Partially offsetting these factors, there was a decrease in loan receivable losses driven by the Company’s current expected credit losses (“CECL”) analysis of loans receivable. CECL reserves are measured by the Company on a probability-weighted basis based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
As the Company operates in the cannabis industry, it is subject to the limits of Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code (the “IRC”) under which the Company is only allowed to deduct expenses directly related to the cost of production. As such, the effective tax rate can be highly variable and may not correlate to pre-tax income or loss.
Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was ($3,006), a decrease of $16,909 from income tax benefit of $13,903 for the year ended December 31, 2021. See Note 17 - Income Taxes for further details.
Net Income (Loss) attributable to TILT
The Company recorded a net loss of $107,455 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to net loss of $35,126 for the prior year, for an increase in net loss of $72,329 primarily driven by the $39,034 increase in operating expense driven by increased non-cash impairment loss, the $16,909 decrease in income tax benefit, the $12,035 decrease in gross profit, and $4,360 increase in other expense.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company closely monitors and manages its capital resources to assess the liquidity required to fund fixed asset capital expenditures and operations.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Sources and Uses of Cash
The Company’s balance of cash and cash equivalents was $2,202 as of December 31, 2022. We require cash to: (i) fund our operating expenses, working capital requirements, and outlays for strategic acquisitions and investments, (ii) service our debt, including principal and interest; (iii) conduct research and development; and (iv) incur capital expenditures.
The Company is an early-stage growth company, generating cash primarily from revenue derived from the sale of its products, third-party debt, and proceeds from the sale and leaseback of certain of the Company’s properties.
Key factors that could affect the Company’s internal and external sources of cash include:
● Changes in demand for the Company’s products, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, competitive pricing pressures, supply chain constraints, effective management of our manufacturing capacity, and our ability to achieve further reductions in operating expenses.
● Our access to bank financing and the debt and equity capital markets that could impair our ability to obtain needed financing on acceptable terms or to respond to business opportunities and developments as they arise, including interest rate fluctuations, macroeconomic conditions, sudden reductions in the general availability of lending from banks or the related increase in cost to obtain bank financing and our ability to maintain compliance with covenants under our debt agreements in effect, from time to time.
The following are some of the significant sources and uses of cash during 2022 outside of the Company’s operating activities and regular capital expenditures:
● On May 16, 2022, through its subsidiary CAC, the Company completed the previously announced acquisition of the Taunton Facility. Concurrent with the acquisition, CAC closed on the sale of the Taunton Facility (the “Massachusetts Sale” and, with the purchase of the Taunton Facility, the “Taunton Facility Transactions”) to Innovative Industrial Properties, Inc. (“IIP”). See Note 13 - Massachusetts Lease Liability included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details
● On July 21, 2021, the Company, through its subsidiary, Jupiter, entered into a two-year, $10,000 asset-based revolving credit facility with Entrepreneur Growth Capital, LLC, a private lender (the “Revolving Facility”). The Revolving Facility has a two-year initial term and will continue for successive one-year terms unless terminated by either party effective at the end of the then-current term.
● During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company made $33,686 in principal payments on the 2019 Senior Notes.
Liquidity
The Company has experienced operating losses since its inception and expects to continue to incur losses in the development of its business. The Company incurred a comprehensive loss of $107,466 during the year ended December 31, 2022 and had an accumulated deficit of $963,703 as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had negative working capital of $44,311 (compared to positive working capital of $1,116 as of December 31, 2021). As of December 31, 2022, the Company had notes payable maturing in the next 12 months including the November 1, 2019 junior secured promissory notes (the “Junior Notes”) described in Note 12 - Notes Payable. The negative working capital was primarily due to the maturities of the Junior Notes which, as of December 31, 2022, were payable on April 1, 2023 and the Revolving Facility (as defined in Note 12 - Notes Payable) which, as of December 31, 2022, was payable on July 21, 2023. In order to achieve an improved capital structure, management completed a refinancing of the Junior Notes on February 15, 2023 and extended the maturity date and increased the line of credit under the Revolving Facility on March 13, 2023. See Note 21 - Subsequent Events for further details.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
On April 19, 2022, the Company entered into a definitive purchase and sale agreement (the “Purchase and Sale Agreement”) between its subsidiary, White Haven RE, LLC, and an affiliate of IIP contemplating the sale and leaseback of the Company’s cultivation and production facility in White Haven, Pennsylvania (the “Pennsylvania Transaction”) in exchange for $15,000 cash. On February 15, 2023, the Company completed the Pennsylvania Transaction and used part of the proceeds to repay the remaining $2,100 due on its 2019 Senior Notes (as defined in Note 12 - Notes Payable). See Note 21 - Subsequent Events for further details.
The Company’s liquidity will depend on its ability to generate positive cash flow, and minimize the anticipated net loss during the 12 months from the date of this filing, all of which are uncertain and outside the control of the Company.
The Company’s operating plans for the next 12 months include (i) revenue growth from the sale of existing products and the introduction of new products across all operating segments; (ii) reducing production and operational costs as a result of improved efficiencies in cannabis operations; (iii) reducing supply chain costs; (iv) increasing cash inflows from the September 2022 activation of a medical dispensary license; (v) increasing cash inflows from selling and leasing back certain facilities (see Note 21 - Subsequent Events for the completion of the Pennsylvania Transaction in February 2023); (vi) obtaining other financings as necessary; and (vii) refinancing of debt obligations and extension of maturities with banking partners and note holders (see Note 21 - Subsequent Events for the description of the 2023 Notes and the amendment to the Revolving Facility). The Company believes it has adequate resources to fund its operations during the next 12 months from the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cash Flows
The following table presents the Company’s net cash inflows and outflows from the consolidated financial statements:
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$
8,612
$
(8,599)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(16,837)
Net cash provided by financing activities
4,783
6,514
Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents
(10)
(8)
Net changes in cash and cash equivalents
$
(3,452)
$
(1,907)
For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash was provided by (used in):
● Operating activities: $8,612. The cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased $17,211 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by the reduction of accounts receivable and conversion of inventory.
● Investing activities: ($16,837). The cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased $17,023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was mainly related to the Taunton Facility Transactions described in Note 13 - Massachusetts Lease Liability.
● Financing activities: $4,783. The cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased $1,731 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was mainly driven by the payments made towards the principal balance of the 2019 Senior Notes described in Note 12 - Notes Payable.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Financial Instruments and Risk Management
The Company examines the various financial instruments and risks to which it is exposed and assesses the impact and likelihood of those risks. These risks include market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, currency risk and credit risk. Where significant, these risks are reviewed and monitored by the Board.
The Board has overall responsibility for the determination of the Company’s risk management objectives and policies. The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without unduly affecting the Company’s competitiveness and flexibility.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations associated with financial liabilities. The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its capital structure. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when due, (refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources section for risk mitigation plan).
The following are the remaining contractual maturities of financial liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Carrying amount
Total
< 6 months
6-12 months
1-5 years
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
58,170
$
(58,170)
$
(58,011)
$
(159)
$
-
Notes payable
59,728
(61,222)
(60,872)
-
(350)
Total
$
117,898
$
(119,392)
$
(118,883)
$
(159)
$
(350)
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond the Company’s control. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was subject to interest rate risk in connection with its then outstanding 2019 Senior Notes and the Revolving Facility, both of which bear interest at variable rates.
Currency Risk
The operating results and financial position of the Company are reported in U.S. dollars. Some of the Company’s financial transactions are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The results of the Company’s operations are subject to currency transaction and translation risks. The Company’s exposure to currency risk is minimal.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates. The Company has not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge possible currency risks at this time.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company’s trade receivables, advances for acquisition targets and loans receivable. The carrying amounts for these financial assets represent their maximum credit exposure to the Company.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
•Trade Receivables
The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of business and has established credit evaluation and monitoring processes to mitigate credit risk. Accounts receivable related to online sales are held in reputable merchant accounts and are typically received within a short period of time between 45-60 days. Additionally, the Company assesses the risk that accounts may not be collectible and has an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our assessment of the current expected credit loss as of the reporting date. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was not materially exposed to any significant credit risk related to counterparty performance of outstanding trade receivables.
• Loans Receivable
The Company manages its exposure to credit risk arising from loans receivable by obtaining collateral in the form of guarantees and security interest in the underlying assets of the counterparty, including intangible assets such as cannabis licenses, which would allow the Company to foreclose on the loans or force a sale of the assets in the event of default by the counterparty.
At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether loans receivables are credit impaired by applying the guidance in ASC 326. A financial asset is ‘credit impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred. Credit impairment is based on observable data such as significant financial difficulty of the debtor and a breach of contract such as a default or being past due.
CECL reserves are measured by the Company on a probability-weighted basis based on historical experience with losses and forward-looking information, which includes considerations of ongoing legal and regulatory developments in the industry. Loss given default parameters utilized by the Company in estimating CECL reserves generally reflect the assumed recovery rate from underlying collateral, with adjustments for time value of money and estimated costs for obtaining and selling the collateral. Given the repayment profile and underlying terms of such loans, CECL reserves are generally estimated over the contractual term of the loan.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and revenue and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the review affects both current and future periods. Significant judgments and estimates that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are described below.
Estimated Useful Lives and Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is dependent upon estimates of useful lives which are determined through the exercise of judgment. The assessment of any impairment of these assets is dependent upon estimates of recoverable amounts that take into account factors such as economic and market conditions and the useful lives of assets.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
Business Combinations
In a business combination, all identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired are recorded at their fair values. For any intangible asset identified, depending on the type of intangible asset and the complexity of determining its fair value, an independent valuation expert or management may develop the fair value, using appropriate valuation techniques, which are generally based on a forecast of the total expected future net cash flows.
The evaluations are linked closely to the assumptions made by management regarding the future performance of the assets concerned and any changes in the discount rate applied.
Certain fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities may be estimated at the acquisition date pending confirmation or completion of the valuation process. Where provisional values are used in accounting for a business combination, they may be adjusted retrospectively in subsequent periods within the measurement period when it reflects new information obtained about facts and circumstances that were in existence at the acquisition date. The measurement period cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date.
Measurement of Share-Based Payments
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of equity-settled share-based payments. In estimating fair value, management is required to make certain assumptions and estimates such as the expected life of units, volatility of the Company’s future share price, risk free rates, future dividend yields and estimated forfeitures at the initial grant date. Changes in assumptions used to estimate fair value could result in materially different results.
Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The assessment of any impairment of non-financial assets is dependent upon estimates of recoverable amounts that take into account factors such as economic and market conditions, the useful lives of assets, definition of the cost generating unit and estimates used to measure impairment losses. The recoverable value of these assets is determined using present value techniques, which incorporate assumptions regarding future events, specifically future cash flows, growth rates and discount rates.
Goodwill and Indefinite Life Intangible Asset Impairment
Goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter and whenever there are indicators that the carrying amount of goodwill or intangible assets with an indefinite useful life have been impaired. In order to determine if the value of these assets have been impaired, the Company calculates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which asset has been allocated using present value techniques. When applying this valuation technique, the Company relies on a number of factors, including historical results, business plans, forecasts and market data. Changes in these judgments and estimates can significantly affect the assessed recoverable amount of goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets.
Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred tax assets, including those arising from tax loss carry-forwards, require management to assess the likelihood that the Company will generate sufficient taxable earnings in future periods in order to utilize recognized deferred tax assets. Assumptions about the generation of future taxable profits depend on management’s estimates of future cash flows.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
In addition, future changes in tax laws could limit the ability of the Company to obtain tax deductions in future periods. To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, the ability of the Company to realize the deferred tax assets recorded at the reporting date could be impacted.
Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement
A number of the Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers all related factors of the asset by market participants in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of new accounting pronouncements applicable to the Company.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and, as such, is not required to provide the information under this Item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and supplementary data filed as part of this report are set forth beginning on page in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There were no changes in or disagreements with our independent registered public accountants during the year ended December 31, 2022.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as the Company’s controls and procedures are designed to do, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the risk related to controls and procedures.
In connection with the preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as of December 31, 2022, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e)
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2022.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies. In addition, as a non-accelerated filer and an emerging growth company, as defined under the terms of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, our independent registered accounting firm is not required to issue a report on the internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, which is expected to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics entitled “TILT Holdings Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” that applies to directors, officers, employees, consultants and contractors. The code of ethics may be accessed through the “Governance” section of our website at www.tiltholdings.com. We have also elected to disclose the information required by Form 8-K, Item 5.05, “Amendments to the Registrant's Code of Ethics, or Waiver of a Provision of the Code of Ethics” through our website, and such information will remain available on this website for at least a 12-month period. A copy of the “TILT Holdings Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” is available in print to any shareholder who requests it.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, which is expected to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table provides information regarding compensation plans, previously approved by shareholders, under which securities of the Company are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2022:
Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
Weighted average exercise
Number of securities remaining
outstanding options,
price of outstanding options,
available for future issuance
Plan Category
warrants and rights
warrants and rights
under equity compensation plans(1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
19,299,291
$
0.75
35,093,279
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
N/A
N/A
N/A
Total
19,299,291
$
0.75
35,093,279
_____________
(1) The aggregate number of Common Shares issuable upon the vesting or exercise of awards granted under the Amended and Restated 2018 Stock and Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) shall not exceed 60,000,000.
Other information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, which is expected to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, which is expected to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, which is expected to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference.
All dollar amounts expressed in thousands, except per share amounts
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Financial Statements
The list of the consolidated financial statements contained herein is set forth on page hereof.
Exhibits
The following exhibits are included, or incorporated by reference, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
2.1†
Business Combination Agreement dated July 9, 2018 between Baker Technologies, Inc., Briteside Holdings, LLC, Sea Hunter Therapeutics, LLC, Santé Veritas Holdings Inc. and 1167411 B.C. Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
2.2†
Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Jimmy Jang, L.P., Hammbutnocheese Merger Sub, Inc., Jupiter Research, LLC, Sellers and Mark Scatterday, as Sellers’ Representative dated as of January 10, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
2.3†
Agreement of Purchase and Sale, dated February 8, 2022, between Daniel G. DaRosa, as Trustee of 30 MOZZONE BOULEVARD 2013 REALTY TRUST, u/d/t/ dated July 26, 2017, and Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., as last amended by Second Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated May 13, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
2.4†
Purchase and Sale Agreement And Joint Escrow Instructions dated effective April 8, 2022, by and between Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc. and IIP-MA 2 LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
2.5†
Purchase And Sale Agreement And Joint Escrow Instructions, dated effective April 19, 2022, by and between White Haven Re, LLC and IIP-PA 9 LLC, as amended by First Amendment To Purchase And Sale Agreement And Joint Escrow Instructions dated May 24, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
3.1
Notice of Articles of TILT Holdings Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
3.2
Articles of TILT Holdings Inc.( incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2. to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
4.1†
Exchange Agreement dated January 7, 2019 between Jimmy Jang, L.P., TILT Holdings Inc. and the holder of units from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
4.2
Warrant Certificate dated November 22, 2019 by and between TILT Holdings, Inc. and Jane Batzofin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
4.3
Warrant Certificate dated November 1, 2019 by and between TILT Holdings, Inc. and Mark Scatterday (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
4.4†
Form of Warrant Certificate issued on February 15, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
4.5†
Form of Common Share Purchase Warrant issued on November 22, 2019 (filed herewith).
4.6
Description of Securities (filed herewith).
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
10.1†
Loan Agreement dated August 24, 2021 by and between CGSF Group LLC and SFNY Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.2†
Agreement dated October 27, 2021 between Sante Veritas Therapeutics Inc., and 1120419 B.C. LTD. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022) .
10.3*
Assignment Agreement dated February 22, 2021 between SH Finance Company, LLC and Teneo Fund SPVi LLC(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.4†
Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 18, 2020 between Baker Technologies, Inc., Slam Dunk LLC, and Timothy Conder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.5†
Senior Secured Note Purchase Agreement dated as of November 1, 2019 between Jimmy Jang, L.P., Baker Technologies, Inc., Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., Jupiter Research, LLC, TILT Holdings Inc., NR 1, LLC and the purchasers named on the Schedule of Purchasers attached thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.6†
Junior Secured Note Purchase Agreement dated November 1, 2019 between Jimmy Jang, L.P., Baker Technologies, Inc., Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., Jupiter Research, LLC, TILT Holdings Inc., [***] and the purchasers named on the Schedule of Purchasers attached thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022) .
10.7†
Junior Guaranty dated November 1, 2019 between TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang Holdings Inc., Sante Veritas Holdings Inc., Sante Veritas Therapeutics Inc., Jupiter Research Europe LTD, Defender Marketing Services, LLC, White Haven RE LLC, Standard Farms LLC, Briteside Holdings LLC, Briteside Modular LLC, Briteside E-Commerce LLC, Briteside Oregon LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC, Bootleg Courier Company, LLC, Blkbrd Software LLC, Blackbird Logistics Corporation, Blkbrd CA, Blkbrd NV LLC, Sea Hunter Therapeutics, LLC, SH Therapeutics, LLC, SH Realty Holdings, LLC, SH Realty Holdings-Ohio, LLC, SH Ohio, LLC, SH Finance Company, LLC, Cultivo, LLC, Alternative Care Resource Group LLC, Verdant Holdings, LLC, Verdant Management Group, LLC, Herbology Holdings, LLC, Herbology Management Group, LLC, in favor of [***] (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 7.to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022) .
10.8†
Junior Pledge Agreement dated as of November 1, 2019 by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang Holdings Inc., Baker Technologies, Inc., Jimmy Jang, L.P., Blackbird Logistics Corporation, Briteside Holdings LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC, Baker Technologies, Inc., Jupiter Research, LLC, Blackbird Logistics Corporation, Blkbrd Software LLC, Briteside Ecommerce LLC, Briteside Holdings LLC, Briteside Modular LLC, Defender Marketing Services LLC, Standard Farms LLC, White Haven RE LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC and [***](incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.9†
Junior Security Agreement dated as of November 1, 2019 by and among Baker Technologies, Inc., Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., Jimmy Jang, L.P., Jupiter Research, LLC, Blackbird Logistics Corporation, Blkbrd CA, Blkbrd NV LLC, Blkbrd Software LLC, Briteside Ecommerce LLC, Briteside Holdings LLC, Briteside Modular LLC, Briteside Oregon LLC, Defender Marketing Services, LLC, Standard Farms LLC, TILT Holdings Inc., White Haven RE LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC and in favor of [***] (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022) .
10.10†
Junior Canadian Security Agreement dated November 1, 2019 by TILT Holdings Inc. in favor of [***](incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
10.11†
Guaranty dated as of November 1, 2019 by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang Holdings Inc., Sante Veritas Holdings Inc., Sante Veritas Therapeutics Inc., Jupiter Research Europe LTD, White Haven RE LLC, Standard Farms LLC, Briteside Holdings LLC, Briteside Modular LLC, Briteside E-Commerce LLC, Briteside Oregon LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC, Bootleg Courier Company, LLC in favor of NR 1, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.12†
Pledge Agreement dated as of November 1, 2019 by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang Holdings Inc., Baker Technologies Inc., Jimmy Jang, L.P., Blackbird Logistics Corporation, Briteside Holdings LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC,  Baker Technologies, Inc., Jupiter Research, LLC, Blackbird Logistics Corporation, Blkbrd Software LLC, Briteside Ecommerce LLC, Briteside Holdings LLC, Briteside Modular LLC, Defender Marketing Services, Standard Farms LLC, White Haven RE LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC and NR 1 LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022) .
10.13†
Security Agreement dated as of November 1, 2019, by and among Baker Technologies, Inc., Commonwealth Alternative Care Inc., Jimmy Jang, L.P., Jupiter Research, LLC, Blackbird Logistics Corporation, Blkbrd CA, Blkbrd NV LLC, Blkbrd Software LLC, Briteside Ecommerce LLC, Briteside Holdings LLC, Briteside Modular LLC, Briteside Oregon LLC, Defender Marketing Services LLC, Standard Farms LLC, TILT Holdings Inc., White Haven RE LLC, Yaris Acquisition LLC and in favor of NR 1, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.14†
Canadian Security Agreement dated November 1, 2019 of TILT Holdings Inc. in favor of NR 1, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022) .
10.15+
TILT Executive Employment Agreement dated May 13, 2021 and effective June 1, 2021 between TILT Holdings Inc. and Gary F. Santo, Jr (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.16+
Employment Agreement dated October 28, 2020 between TILT Holdings Inc. and Gary F. Santo, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022)
10.17+
Employment Agreement, dated June 23, 2021 and effective July 12, 2021 between TILT Holdings Inc. and Dana R. Arvidson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.18+
Employment Agreement, dated October 28, 2020 between TILT Holdings Inc. and Brad Hoch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.19+
Compensation Agreement dated May 13, 2021 by and between TILT Holdings Inc. and Mark Scatterday (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.20+
Employment Agreement dated August 16, 2019 between TILT Holdings Inc. and Mark Scatterday (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.21†+
Consulting Services Agreement dated January 1, 2022 between Marshall Horowitz and TILT Holdings Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022)
10.22+
Transition Agreement dated April 22, 2021 between Marshall Horowitz and TILT Holdings Inc., as last amended by that certain Amendment No. 5 dated September 10, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.23†+
Employment Agreement dated August 5, 2020 and effective July 29, 2020 between TILT Holdings Inc. and Marshall Horowitz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022) .
10.24+
TILT Holdings Inc. Amended and Restated 2018 Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
10.25+
Form of TILT Holdings Inc. Amended and Restated 2018 Stock and Incentive Plan Amended and Restated Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.26+
Form of TILT Holdings Inc. Amended and Restated 2018 Stock and Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.27+
Form of TILT Holdings Inc. Amended and Restated 2018 Stock and Incentive Plan Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.28
Second Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions dated June 17, 2022 by and between White Haven RE, LLC and IIP-PA 9 LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Form 10 filed with the SEC on June 29, 2022).
10.29+
Letter Agreement dated September 9, 2022 by and between TILT Holdings Inc. and Marshall Horowitz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.30
Third Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, effective as of the 30th day of September 2022, by and between White Haven RE, LLC and IIP-PA 9 LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.31
Fourth Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, effective as of the 24th day of October 2022, by and between White Haven RE, LLC and IIP-PA 9 LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.32
Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Senior Secured Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.33
Amendment No. 2 to Promissory Note, dated as of October 24, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.34
Amendment No. 3 to Promissory Note, dated as of November 14, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 14, 2022).
10.35+
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated December 1, 2022 by and between TILT Holdings Inc. and Dana Arvidson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2022).
10.36+
TILT Executive Employment Agreement dated November 29, 2022 by and between TILT Holdings Inc. and Brad Hoch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2022).
10.37+
TILT Executive Employment Agreement dated December 1, 2022 by and between TILT Holdings Inc. and Christopher Kelly (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2022).
10.38
Fifth Amendment to Purchase And Sale Agreement And Joint Escrow Instructions, effective as of the 30th day of December 2022, by and between White Haven RE, LLC and IIP-PA 9 LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 3, 2023).
10.39
Form of Amendment No. 4 to Senior Secured Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 3, 2023).
10.40†#
First Amendment to Secured Note Purchase Agreement dated February 15, 2023 by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang, L.P., Baker Technologies, Inc., Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., Jupiter Research, LLC, Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative, and each of the purchasers and AP noteholders (includes the Conformed Secured Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2019, as amended) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.41†#
Unmarked Form of Secured Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2019, as amended by that First Amendment to Secured Note Purchase Agreement dated February 15, 2023 (filed herewith).
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
10.42†
Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement February 15, 2023 by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang L.P., Jupiter Research, LLC, Baker Technologies, Inc., Sea Hunter Therapeutics, LLC, Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., SH Finance Company, LLC, JJ Blocker Co., SFNY Holdings, Inc., Standard Farms New York, LLC, CGSF Group, LLC, Standard Farms Ohio, LLC, Standard Farms LLC, and the other subsidiaries a party thereto, and Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.43†
Amended and Restated Security Agreement dated February 15, 2023 by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang L.P., Jupiter Research, LLC, Baker Technologies, Inc., Sea Hunter Therapeutics, LLC, Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., SH Finance Company, LLC, JJ Blocker Co., SFNY Holdings, Inc., Standard Farms New York, LLC, CGSF Group, LLC, Standard Farms Ohio, LLC, Standard Farms LLC and in favor of Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.44†
Amended and Restated Guaranty dated February 15, 2023, by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang Holdings Inc., Jimmy Jang L.P., Jupiter Research, LLC, Baker Technologies, Inc., Sea Hunter Therapeutics, LLC, Commonwealth Alternative Care, Inc., SH Finance Company, LLC, JJ Blocker Co., SFNY Holdings, Inc., Standard Farms New York, LLC, CGSF Group, LLC, Standard Farms Ohio, LLC, Standard Farms LLC and in favor of Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.45†
Amended and Restated Canadian Security Agreement dated February 15, 2023, by TILT Holdings Inc., and in favor of Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.46#
Trademark Security Agreement dated February 15, 2023, by and among TILT Holdings Inc., Jupiter Research, LLC and Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.47#
Canadian Trademark Security Agreement dated February 15, 2023, by and between Jupiter Research, LLC and Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.48#
Patent Security Agreement dated February 15, 2023, by and between Jupiter Research, LLC and Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.49#
Canadian Patent Security Agreement dated February 15, 2023, by and between Jupiter Research, LLC and Jordan Geotas, as noteholder representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.50†
Form of Amended and Restated Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
10.51†
Form of Promissory Note (AP Note) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2023).
21.1
List of Subsidiaries of TILT Holdings Inc. (filed herewith).
23.1
Consent of Macias Gini & O’Connell LLP (filed herewith).
24.1
Power of Attorney (included on signature pages)
31.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Schema Document
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded with Inline XBRL document)
+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement in which directors or executive officers participate.
* In accordance with Item 601(b)(2) and/or Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K, certain information (indicated by “[***]”) has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and private or confidential. A copy of the omitted portion will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
† In accordance with Item 601(a)(6) of Regulation S-K, certain information has been excluded from this exhibit.
# Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted from this filing pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy
of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.