EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1635881
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1635881_10-K_2022_0000950170-22-002691.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Exterran Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, "Exterran", “Exterran Corporation,” the “Company,” “our,” “we” or “us”), a Delaware corporation formed in March 2015, is a global systems and process company offering solutions in the oil, gas, water and power markets. We are a leader in natural gas processing and treatment and compression products, solutions, and services, providing critical midstream infrastructure solutions to customers throughout the world. Our manufacturing facilities are located in the United States of America (“U.S.”), Singapore and the United Arab Emirates.
Recent Development
On January 24, 2022, we entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Enerflex US Holdings Inc. ("Enerflex US"), a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Enerflex Ltd. ("Enerflex"), a Canadian corporation. The Merger Agreement provides, among other things, that subject to the satisfaction or waiver of conditions set forth therein and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, Enerflex US shall be merged with and into Exterran Corporation ("Merger"), resulting in the Company continuing as the surviving corporation in the merger and as a wholly owned subsidiary of Enerflex.
Under the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company that is outstanding immediately prior, will be converted automatically into the right to receive 1.021 common shares of Enerflex (subject to certain conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement).
The respective obligations of Enerflex, Enerflex US and the Company to consummate the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of a number of customary conditions, including: (1) the adoption of the Merger Agreement by Exterran Corporation’s stockholders; (2) approval of the issuance of Enerflex’s common shares to holders of shares of common stock of Exterran Corporation by Enerflex's shareholders; (3) Enerflex’s registration statement on Form having been declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”); (4) the absence of any law prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the Merger; (5) the receipt of approvals by the competent authorities under the Antitrust Laws (as defined in the Merger Agreement) or expiration of any statutory waiting period under the applicable Antitrust Laws; (6) receipt of conditional approval of the listing of Enerflex’s common shares on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq Inc., subject to official notice of issuance, and the Toronto Stock Exchange, subject to customary listing requirements, of Enerflex’s common shares issuable pursuant to the Merger; (7) each party's representations and warranties being true and correct, subject to certain materiality standards set forth in the Merger Agreement; (8) compliance by each party in all material respects with such party’s obligations under the Merger Agreement; and (9) the absence of a Parent Material Adverse Effect and a Company Adverse Material Effect (each as defined in the Merger Agreement).
We anticipate the Merger to close in the second or third quarter of 2022, subject to, among other things, the satisfaction (or waiver) of the conditions in the previous paragraph.
General
We provide our products, solutions and services to a global customer base consisting of companies engaged in all aspects of the oil and natural gas industry, including large integrated oil and natural gas companies, national oil and natural gas companies, independent oil and natural gas producers and oil and natural gas processors, gatherers and pipeline operators. We operate in three primary business lines: contract operations, aftermarket services and product sales. The nature and inherent interactions between and among our business lines provide us with opportunities to cross-sell and offer integrated product and service solutions to our customers.
We have continued to work toward our strategy to be a company that leverages sustainable technology and operational excellence to provide complete systems and process solutions in energy and industrial applications. Over the past several years, we have made significant progress in this journey by taking actions to protect our core business, develop important organizational capabilities, commercialize new products, solutions, and services and implement new processes to position Exterran for success. We are focused on optimizing our portfolio of products, solutions, and services to better serve our global customers while providing a more attractive investment option for our investors. As we continue on this path, we decided that our U.S. compression fabrication business was non-core to our strategy going forward and during the third quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell the business which closed on November 2, 2020. During the third quarter of 2020, this business met the held for sale criteria and is reflected as discontinued operations in our financial statements for all periods presented. The U.S. compression fabrication business was previously included in our product sales segment and has been reclassified to discontinued operations in our financial statements for all periods presented. Compression revenue from sales to international customers continues to be included in our product sales segment.
For financial data relating to our reportable business segments or countries that accounted for 10% or more of our revenue in any of the last two fiscal years or 10% or more of our property, plant and equipment, net, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, see Part II, Item 7 (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) and Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV, Item 15 (collectively referred to as “Financial Statements,” and individually referred to as “balance sheets,” “statements of operations,” “statements of comprehensive income (loss),” “statements of stockholders’ equity” and “statements of cash flows” herein).
Contract Operations
In our contract operations business, we provide processing and treating and compression services through the operation of our crude oil and natural gas production and process equipment and natural gas compression equipment for our customers. In addition to these services, we also offer water treatment and power generation solutions to our customers on a stand-alone basis or integrated into our natural gas and crude oil production and processing solutions or natural gas compression. Our services include the provision of personnel, equipment, tools, materials and supplies to meet our customers’ oil and natural gas production and processing, natural gas compression, water treatment and power generation service needs. To provide these services to meet our customers’ needs, activities we may perform include engineering, designing, sourcing, constructing, installing, operating, servicing, repairing, maintaining and demobilizing equipment owned by us.
We generally enter into contracts with our contract operations customers with initial terms ranging between three to 12 years. In many instances, we are able to renew those contracts prior to the expiration of the initial term and in other instances, we may sell the underlying assets to our customers pursuant to purchase options or negotiated sale agreements. If a contract is not renewed or a customer does not purchase the underlying assets, our equipment is generally returned to our premises for future redeployment. Our contracts may include several compressor units on one site or entire facilities designed to process and treat produced oil or natural gas to make them suitable for end use, which may require us to make significant investments in equipment, facilities and related installation costs. Our commercial contracts generally require customers to pay a monthly service fee even during periods of limited or disrupted oil or natural gas feed flows, which we believe provide us with relatively stable and predictable cash flows. Additionally, we have limited direct exposure to short-term commodity price fluctuations because we typically do not take title to the oil or natural gas that we compress, process or treat, and because the natural gas we use as fuel for our equipment is supplied by our customers.
Our equipment is operated and maintained in accordance with established operational procedures and maintenance schedules. These operations and maintenance procedures are updated as technology changes and as our operations team develops new techniques and procedures. In addition, because our field technicians regularly operate and maintain our contract operations equipment, they are familiar with the condition of our equipment and can readily identify potential problems. In our experience, this in-house expertise and these maintenance procedures maximize equipment life and unit availability, minimize avoidable downtime and lower the overall maintenance expenditures over the equipment life. We believe our contract operations services generally allow our customers to achieve higher production rates and lower unit costs of operation than they would otherwise achieve with their own operations, resulting in increased revenue and margin for our customers. In addition, outsourcing these services allows our customers flexibility for their production and processing and compression needs while minimizing their upfront capital requirements.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 54% of our revenue and 82% of our adjusted gross margin was generated from contract operations. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $1.4 billion of unsatisfied performance obligations (commonly referred to as backlog), of which approximately $260 million is expected to be recognized as revenue before December 31, 2022. Our contract operations backlog consists of unfilled orders based on signed contracts and does not include potential sales pursuant to letters of intent received from customers. Our contract operations business is capital intensive. As of December 31, 2021, the net book value of property, plant and equipment associated with our contract operations business was $562.4 million.
Aftermarket Services
In our aftermarket services business, we sell parts and components and provide operations, maintenance, repair, overhaul, upgrade, startup and commissioning and reconfiguration services to customers who own their own oil and natural gas compression, production, processing, treating and related equipment. Our services range from routine maintenance services and parts sales done on a transactional basis to the full operation and maintenance of customer-owned equipment under long-term agreements.
We generally enter into contracts with our operation and maintenance customers with initial terms ranging between one to four years, and in some cases, in excess of five years. In many instances, we are able to renew those contracts prior to the expiration of the initial term. We believe that we are particularly well qualified to provide these services because of our highly experienced operating personnel and technical and engineering expertise gained through providing similar services as part of our contract operations business. In addition, our aftermarket services business complements our strategy to provide integrated infrastructure solutions to our customers because it enables us to continue to serve our customers after the sale of any products or facilities manufactured through our product sales business. Our business approach is designed to leverage our aftermarket services with our product sales business to provide full life-cycle services to customers who buy equipment from us and we also seek to sell those same aftermarket services to customers who have bought similar equipment from other companies based on our existing experience and infrastructure available to support them.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 17% of our revenue and 9% of our adjusted gross margin was generated from aftermarket services.
Product Sales
In our product sales business, we design, engineer, manufacture, install and sell equipment used in the treating and processing of crude oil, natural gas, natural gas compression packages and water treatment equipment primarily to major and independent oil and natural gas producers as well as national oil and natural gas companies around the world. We offer a broad range of equipment designed to process crude oil and natural gas into hydrocarbon commodities suitable for end use. Our products include cryogenic plants, mechanical refrigeration and dew point control plants, condensate stabilizers, wellhead, gathering, residue and high pressure natural gas compression equipment, water treatment equipment, integrated power generation and skid-mounted production packages designed for both onshore and offshore production facilities. We believe the broad range of products we sell through our global operating structure enables us to take advantage of the ongoing, worldwide energy infrastructure build-out.
We design, engineer, manufacture, sell and, in certain cases, install, skid-mounted natural gas compression equipment to meet standard or unique customer specifications. Generally, we manufacture compressors sold to third parties according to each customer’s specifications. We purchase components for these compressors from third party suppliers including several major engine and compressor original equipment manufacturers in the industry. We also sell pre-engineered compressor units designed to maximize value and fast delivery to our customers. Typically, we expect our compressor equipment backlog to be manufactured and delivered within a three to 12 month period.
During the third quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our U.S. compression fabrication business which closed on November 2, 2020. The compression fabrication business for sales to U.S. customers, which was previously included in our product sales segment, is included in discontinued operations. We will continue with our sales of compression equipment to customers outside of the U.S, and for fully integrated facilities globally.
We also sell custom-engineered, built-to-specification natural gas and oil processing and treating equipment, including designing facilities comprised of a combination of our products integrated into a solution that meets our customers’ needs. Some of these projects are located in remote areas and in developing countries with limited oil and natural gas industry infrastructure. To meet most customers’ rapid schedule requirements and minimize customer downtime, we maintain an inventory of standard products and longer lead-time components used to manufacture our products to our customers’ specifications. Typically, we expect our processing and treating equipment backlog to be produced within a six to 24 month period.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 29% of our revenue and 9% of our adjusted gross margin was generated from product sales. As of December 31, 2021, our backlog in product sales was approximately $316 million, of which approximately $197 million is expected to be recognized as revenue before December 31, 2022. Our product sales backlog consists of unfilled orders based on signed contracts and does not include potential product sales pursuant to letters of intent received from customers.
Competitive Strengths
We believe we have the following key competitive strengths:
•Global footprint and expansive service and product offerings positioned to capitalize on the global energy infrastructure build-out. The global oil and natural gas production and processing infrastructure build out provides us with opportunities for growth. We are well positioned to capitalize on increased opportunities in both the U.S. and international markets. We believe our global customer base will continue to invest in infrastructure projects based on longer-term fundamentals that are less tied to near-term commodity prices and that our size and geographic presence provide us with a unique advantage in meeting our customers’ needs. We provide our customers with a broad variety of products, solutions, and services in approximately 25 countries worldwide, including compression, production and processing services, natural gas compression, oil and natural gas processing and treating equipment, water treatment solutions, installation services and integrated power generation. By offering a broad range of products, solutions, and services that leverage our core strengths, we believe we provide unique integrated solutions that meet our customers’ needs. We believe the breadth and quality of our products, solutions and services, the depth of our customer relationships and our presence in many major oil and natural gas producing regions place us in a position to capture additional business on a global basis.
•Complementary businesses enable us to offer customers integrated infrastructure solutions. We aim to provide our customers with a single source to meet their energy infrastructure needs and we believe we have the ability to serve our customers’ changing needs in a variety of ways. For customers that seek to manage their capital spending on energy infrastructure projects, we offer our full project and operations services through our contract operations business. For customers that prefer to develop and acquire their own infrastructure assets, we are able to sell equipment and facilities to support their operations and, following the sale of our equipment, we can also provide commissioning, start-up, operations, maintenance, overhaul, upgrade and reconfiguration services through our aftermarket services business. Furthermore, we can combine our products into an integrated solution where we can design, engineer, procure and, in some cases, construct assets on-site for sale to our customers. Because of the breadth of our products and our unique ability to deliver those products through our different commercial models, we believe we are able to provide the right solution that is most suitable to our customers in the markets in which they operate. We believe this ability to provide our customers with a variety of products, solutions, and services provides us with more business opportunities, as we are able to adjust the products, solutions, and services we provide to reflect our customers’ changing needs.
•High-quality products, solutions, and services. We have built a network of high-quality energy infrastructure assets that are strategically deployed across our global platform. Through our history of operating a wide variety of products in many energy-producing markets around the world, we have developed the technical expertise and experience that we believe is required to understand the needs of our customers and to meet those needs through a range of products, solutions, and services. These products, solutions, and services include highly customized compression, production, processing and treating solutions as well as standard products based on our expertise, in support of a range of projects, from those requiring quick completion to those that may take several years to fully develop. Additionally, our experience has enabled us to develop efficient systems and work processes and a skilled workforce that allow us to provide high-quality services. We seek to continually improve our products, solutions and services to enable us to provide our customers with high-quality, comprehensive oil and natural gas infrastructure support worldwide.
•Cash flows from our contract operations business are supported by long-term contracts. We provide contract operations services to customers located in 12 countries. Within our contract operations business, we seek to enter into long-term contracts with a diverse collection of customers, including large integrated oil and natural gas companies and national energy companies. These contracts generally involve initial terms ranging from three to twelve years, and typically require our customers to pay a monthly service fee even during periods of limited or disrupted oil or natural gas flows. Furthermore, our customer base includes companies that are among the largest and most well-known companies within their respective regions and countries.
•Experienced management team. We have an experienced and skilled management team with a long track record of driving growth through organic expansion and selective acquisitions. The members of our management team have strong relationships in the oil and gas industry and have operated through numerous commodity price cycles throughout our areas of operations. Members of our management team have spent a significant portion of their respective careers at highly regarded energy and manufacturing companies serving the upstream, midstream and downstream segments of the oil and natural gas market.
•Well-balanced capital structure with sufficient liquidity. We intend to maintain a capital structure with an appropriate amount of leverage and the financial flexibility to invest in our operations and pursue attractive growth opportunities which we believe will increase overall earnings and cash flow generated by our business. As of December 31, 2021, taking into account guarantees through outstanding letters of credit, we had undrawn capacity of $372.8 million under our revolving credit facility, of which $160.4 million was available for additional borrowings as a result of a covenant restriction included in our credit agreement. In addition, as of December 31, 2021, we had $56.3 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand.
Business Strategies
We intend to continue to capitalize on our competitive strengths to meet our customers’ needs through the following key strategies:
•Strategically grow our business. Our primary strategic focus involves the targeted growth of our core business by expanding our product and services offerings and by leveraging our existing, proven portfolio of products, solutions, and services. We intend to infuse new sustainable technology and innovation into our existing midstream products, solutions, and services while developing new product and service offerings in water treatment and integrated power generation. Additionally, our strategic focus includes targeting development opportunities in the U.S. energy market and expansion into new international markets benefiting from the global energy infrastructure build-out. We believe our diverse product and service portfolio allows us to readily respond to changes in industry and economic conditions and that our global footprint allows us to provide the prompt product availability our customers require. We have the ability to undertake projects in new locations as needed to meet customer demand and to readily deploy our capital to construct new or supplemental projects that we can build, own, operate and maintain on behalf of our customers through our contract operations business. In addition, we seek to provide our customers with integrated energy infrastructure solutions by combining product and service offerings across our businesses. We plan to supplement our organic growth with select acquisitions, partnerships and other commercial arrangements in key markets to further enhance our geographic reach, sustainable product offerings and other capabilities. We believe these arrangements will allow us to generate incremental revenues from existing and new customers and increase market share.
•Expand customer base and deepen relationships with existing customers. We believe the unique, broad range of products, solutions, and services we offer, the quality of our products, solutions and services and our diverse geographic footprint position us to attract new customers and cross-sell our products, solutions and services to existing customers. In addition, we have a long history of providing our products, solutions and services to our customers which, coupled with the technical expertise of our experienced personnel, enables us to understand and meet our customers’ needs, particularly as those needs develop and change over time. We intend to continue to devote significant business development resources to market our products, solutions and services, leverage existing relationships and expedite our growth potential. Additionally, we seek to evolve our products, solutions and services offerings by developing new technologies that will allow us to provide differentiated solutions to the critical midstream infrastructure needs of our customers.
•Enhance our safety performance. We believe our safety performance and reputation help us to attract and retain customers and employees. We have adopted rigorous processes and procedures to facilitate our compliance with safety regulations and policies on a global basis. We work diligently to meet or exceed applicable safety regulations, and continue to focus on our safety as our business grows and operating conditions change.
•Continue to optimize our global platform, products, solutions, and services and enhance our profitability. We regularly review and evaluate the quality of our operations, products, solutions, and services and portfolio of our product and service offerings. This evaluation process includes assessing the quality of our performance and potential opportunities to create value for our customers. We believe the development and introduction of new technology into our existing products, solutions, and services offerings will create more value for our customers and us in the market place, which we believe will further differentiate us from our competitors. Additionally, we believe our ongoing focus on improving the quality of our operations, products, solutions, and services results in greater satisfaction among our customers, which we believe results in greater profitability and value for our shareholders.
Industry Overview
Processing and Treating
Crude oil and natural gas are generally not marketable products as produced raw at the wellhead and must be processed or treated to meet hydrocarbon commodity specifications before they can be transported to market. Processing and treating equipment is used to separate and treat oil and natural gas as they are produced to achieve a marketable quality of product. Production processing typically involves the separation of oil and natural gas and the removal of contaminants or the separation of marketable liquids from the gas stream prior to transportation. The end result is “pipeline” or “sales” quality crude oil and natural gas. Further processing or refining is almost always required before oil or natural gas is suitable for use as fuel or feedstock for petrochemical production. Production processing normally takes place in the “upstream” and “midstream” sectors, while refining and petrochemical processing is referred to as the “downstream” sector. Wellhead or upstream processing and treating equipment include a wide and diverse range of products.
We manufacture custom-engineered, built-to-specification natural gas and oil processing and treating equipment. We also provide integrated solutions comprised of a combination of our products into a single offering, which typically consist of much larger equipment packages than standard equipment and are generally used in much larger scale production operations. The custom equipment sector is primarily driven by global economic trends, and the specifications for purchased equipment can vary significantly. Technology, engineering capabilities, project management, available manufacturing space and quality control standards are the key drivers in the custom equipment sector.
Natural Gas Compression
Natural gas compression is a mechanical process whereby the pressure of a given volume of natural gas is increased to a desired pressure for movement from one point to another and is essential to the production and transportation of natural gas. Compression is typically required several times during the natural gas production and transportation cycle, including (i) at the wellhead, (ii) throughout gathering and distribution systems, (iii) into and out of processing and storage facilities and (iv) along pipelines. Natural gas compression can also be used to re-inject associated gas into producing wells to provide enhanced oil recovery.
Our contract operations business is comprised primarily of large horsepower internal combustion engine or electric motor-driven reciprocating compressors that are typically deployed in facilities comprised of several compressors on one site. A significant portion of this business involves comprehensive projects that require the design, engineering, manufacture, delivery and installation of several compressors on one site coupled with related natural gas treating and processing equipment. We are able to serve our customers’ needs for such projects through our product sales business and with follow-on services from our aftermarket services business, or through the provision of our contract operations services.
Water Solutions
We provide a full range of treatment solutions for removing oil and suspended solids from produced water with primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Our unique service offerings from customized products to retrofitting, allow us to understand water challenges
and clean-up requirements through expertise in the field, lab studies, and equipment design. We help recover oil and reduce disposal cost whether shipping it offsite or reinjecting on location.
Outsourcing
Natural gas producers, transporters and processors choose to outsource their operations due to the benefits and flexibility of contract operations services. In particular, we believe outsourcing compression, production and processing operations to experienced operators like us offers customers:
•access to our specialized personnel and technical skills, including engineers, operators and field service and maintenance employees, which we believe generally leads to improved production rates and increased throughput and therefore higher revenues and margins;
•the ability to increase their profitability by transporting or producing a higher volume of natural gas through decreased equipment downtime and reduced operating, maintenance and equipment costs by allowing us, as the service provider, to efficiently manage their operations; and
•the flexibility to deploy their capital on projects more directly related to their primary business of hydrocarbon exploration and production by reducing their investment in compression, production and processing equipment and related maintenance capital requirements.
Oil and Natural Gas Industry Cyclicality and Volatility
Changes in oil and natural gas exploration and production spending normally result in changes in demand for our products, solutions and services. However, we believe our contract operations business is less impacted by commodity prices than certain other energy service products, solutions, and services because compression, production and processing services are necessary for oil and natural gas to be delivered from the wellhead to end users. Furthermore, our contract operations business is tied primarily to global oil and natural gas production and consumption trends, which are generally less cyclical in nature than exploration activities.
Demand for oil and natural gas is cyclical and subject to fluctuations. This is primarily because the industry is driven by commodity demand and corresponding price movements. When oil and natural gas price increases occur, producers typically increase their capital expenditures, which generally results in greater activity levels and revenues for equipment providers to the oil and gas industry. During periods of lower oil or natural gas prices, producers typically decrease their capital expenditures, which generally results in lower activity levels and revenues for equipment providers to the oil and gas industry.
Seasonal Fluctuations
Our results of operations have not historically reflected material seasonal tendencies and we do not believe that seasonal fluctuations will have a material impact on us in the foreseeable future.
Markets, Customers and Competition
Our global customer base consists primarily of companies engaged in all aspects of the oil and natural gas industry, including large integrated oil and natural gas companies, national energy companies, independent producers and natural gas processors, gatherers and pipeline operators.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, Pearl Petroleum Co. Ltd. ("Pearl Petroleum") accounted for approximately 20% of our total revenue and Petroleo Brasileiro, S.A ("Petrobras") accounted for approximately 19% of our total revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2020, Pearl Petroleum accounted for less than 10% of our total revenue and Petrobras accounted for approximately 15% of our total revenue. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue in 2021 and 2020.
We currently operate in approximately 25 countries. We have manufacturing facilities in the U.S., Singapore and the United Arab Emirates and offices in most of the major oil and gas regions around the world.
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Overall, we experience considerable competition from companies that may be able to more quickly adapt to changes within our industry and changes in economic conditions as a whole and to more readily take advantage of available opportunities. We believe we are competitive with respect to price, equipment availability, customer service, flexibility in meeting customer needs, technical expertise, quality and reliability of our compression, processing and treating equipment and related services. We face competition throughout our businesses, with some companies competing with us in multiple business segments. In our product sales business, we have different competitors in the standard and custom-engineered equipment sectors. Competitors in the standard equipment sector include several large companies and a large number of small, regional fabricators. Our competition in the custom-engineered sector consists mainly of larger companies with the ability to provide integrated projects and product support after the sale.
We expect to face increased competition as we seek to diversify our customer base and increase utilization of our service offerings.
Sources and Availability of Raw Materials
We manufacture natural gas compression, oil and natural gas processing and treating equipment and water treatment equipment to provide contract operations services and to sell to third parties from components which we acquire from a wide range of suppliers. These components represent a significant portion of the cost of our compression, processing and treating and water treatment equipment products. Increases in raw material costs cannot always be offset by increases in our products’ sales prices. While many of our materials and components are available from multiple suppliers at competitive prices, we obtain some of the components, including compressors and engines, used in our products from a limited group of suppliers. We occasionally experience long lead times for components, including compressors and engines, from our suppliers and, therefore, we may at times make purchases in anticipation of future orders.
Environmental and Other Regulations
Government Regulation
Our operations are subject to stringent and complex U.S. federal, state, local and international laws and regulations that could have a material impact on our operations or financial condition. Our operations are regulated under a number of laws governing, among other things, discharges of substances into the air, ground and regulated waters, the generation, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous substances, disclosure of information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations, and occupational health and safety.
Compliance with these environmental laws and regulations may expose us to significant costs and liabilities and cause us to incur significant capital expenditures in our operations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, imposition of investigatory and remedial obligations, and the issuance of injunctions delaying or prohibiting operations. In certain circumstances, laws may impose strict, joint and several liability without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct on classes of persons who are considered to be responsible for the release of hazardous substances into the environment. In addition, it is not uncommon for third parties to file claims for personal injury, property damage and recovery of response costs allegedly caused by hazardous substances or other pollutants released into the environment. We currently own or lease, and in the past have owned or leased, a number of properties that have been used in support of our operations for a number of years. Although we have utilized operating and disposal practices that were standard in the industry at the time, hydrocarbons, hazardous substances, or other regulated wastes may have been disposed of, or released, on or under the properties owned by us, leased by us or other locations where such materials have been taken for disposal by companies sub-contracted by us. In addition, many of these properties have been previously owned or operated by third parties whose treatment and disposal or release of hydrocarbons, hazardous substances or other regulated wastes were not under our control. These properties and the materials released or disposed thereon may be subject to various laws that could require us to remove or remediate historical property contamination, or to perform certain operations to prevent future contamination. We are not currently under any order requiring that we undertake or pay for any cleanup activities. However, we cannot provide any assurance that we will not receive any such order in the future.
We believe the global trend in environmental regulation is to place more restrictions on activities that may affect the environment, and thus, any changes in these laws and regulations that result in more stringent and costly waste handling, storage, transport, disposal, emission or remediation requirements could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
Employees
As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately 2,800 regular full-time employees, plus approximately 600 contractors. Approximately 300 of these regular full-time employees are in the U.S., while approximately 2,500 are in countries outside of the U.S. We are a global company, serving the needs of all our customers, in all our countries we operate in.
Talent and Development
The foundation of our Company are our values that guide us in everything we do:
•Integrity;
•Customer focus;
•Accountability;
•Collaboration;
•Courage;
•Curiosity.
Along with our core values, we act in accordance with our Code of Conduct, which sets forth expectations and guidance for employees to make appropriate decisions. Our Code of Conduct covers topics such as anti-corruption, discrimination, harassment, privacy, appropriate use of company assets, protecting confidential information, and reporting Code of Conduct violations. The Code of Conduct reflects our commitment to operating in a fair, honest, responsible and ethical manner, and also provides direction for reporting complaints in the event of alleged violations of our policies (including through an anonymous hotline). Our executive officers and supervisors maintain “open door” policies and any form of retaliation is strictly prohibited.
We have an extensive global performance management program. Our leaders are continually challenged to take on new and different responsibilities that provide personal growth and our annual talent review program highlights new development opportunities, as well as provides a summary of our team strengths. Our employees undergo extensive anti-bribery and ethics training.
Human Capital Management
In 2020, we began transforming our Human Resources ("HR") processes to Oracle Cloud Human Capital Management ("HCM"). HR worked through 2020 and into 2021 to transition HR-related information to Oracle and develop entirely new processes for recruiting, hiring and onboarding employees, as well as managing performance. Once fully implemented, Exterran will use Oracle throughout the duration of an employee’s employment life cycle.
HCM will provide more transparency and consistency in our hiring, promotion and pay practices and provide leadership and HR greater access to personal information to assess the diversity of our workforce and development opportunities. A central digital repository for our HR data and processes will improve decision-making and lead to more career opportunities for employees over time.
Global Wellbeing
Exterran is committed to providing a healthy work environment, improving the quality of the working lives for all employees and fostering an organization that is sustainable for the long term. We want employees to reach their full potential for their own benefit and that of the organization. In support of that goal, we have established our Five Pillars of Well-being: Physical, Financial, Social, Community and Career. Through these goals we aim to:
•Understand our employees’ changing needs and provide programs that support those needs;
•Stay competitive to attract and retain top talent;
•Engage and educate employees in financial preparedness and physical well-being;
•Achieve a higher level of sustainable results though alignment with our core values;
•Create opportunities to build employee relationships that foster a “One Exterran” team, with members committed to each other’s success;
•Create a culture that recognizes achievements and encourages personal growth and development; and
•Connect our employees with the communities in which we live and work because we believe it is the right thing to do.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, government legislation and local authorities, we implemented changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, as well as the communities in which we operate. This included supporting a majority of our office employees in transitioning to working from home, while implementing additional safety measures for employees continuing critical on-site and shop work. We continue to embrace a flexible working arrangement for a majority of our workforce.
Safety
Exterran is committed to preventing injuries, illness or loss of life as a result of our operations. Our employees are empowered with the ability to stop any job that appears unsafe without fear of punishment. Further, we have protocols to help maintain a safe working environment, identify and evaluate risks in our operations and ensure continual improvement. These protocols are designed to ensure that we not only provide a safe working environment, but in the event something does go wrong, we learn why and take action to prevent a recurrence.
Safety is not just discussed with employees but is embedded in our culture. We track safety performance across all our operations and our global safety performance is an element of our management incentive compensation. In 2021, we completed 341 days incident-free, 93 percent of the total days possible with an overall total recordable incident rate (TRIR) of 0.45.
Diversity and Culture
Our people and operations are part of communities around the globe. We have a long-standing commitment to Equal Employment Opportunity (“EEO”) as evidenced by the Company’s global EEO policy. Also, our Board and management value diversity in ethnicity, race, national origin and geography to better understand the needs and viewpoints of our global customers, employees, governments and other stakeholders. Among our eight directors, three are citizens of the U.S., two are citizens of Canada, one is a citizen of the United Kingdom, one is a citizen of Egypt and Brazil, and one is a woman who is a citizen of both Brazil and the United Kingdom.
Like our employee base, our Board is diverse by gender, ethnicity and national origin. Our leadership is also diverse by citizenship and ethnicity. Almost all of our leadership positions in each country are held by local citizens of those countries. Approximately 10 percent of our employees are female, and 90 percent are male.
Communication and Engagement
We believe that Exterran’s successes depends on our employees understanding how their work contributes to the Company’s overall strategy. To this end, we communicate with our workforce through a variety of channels and encourage open and direct communication, including: (i) quarterly company-wide CEO update calls; (ii) regular company-wide regional calls with leaders and key employees; (iii) CEO and Officer messages and (iv) frequent email corporate communications.
Available Information
Our website address is www.exterran.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports are available on our website, without charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this report or any of our other securities filings. Paper copies of our filings are also available, without charge, from Exterran Corporation, 11000 Equity Drive, Houston, Texas 77041, Attention: Investor Relations.
The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers who file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s website address is www.sec.gov.
Additionally, we make available free of charge on our website:
•our Code of Conduct;
•our Corporate Governance Principles; and
•the charters of our audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
As described in Part I (“Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”), this report contains forward-looking statements regarding us, our business and our industry. The risk factors described below, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements. The risk factors described below are not the only risks we face. Our business could also be affected by additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial. If any of the following risks or any other risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively impacted.
Risk Factors Summary
Material risks that may affect our business, operating results and financial condition include, but are not necessarily limited to, those relating to:
Risks Related to the Proposed Merger
•The impact of a fixed exchange ratio on the value of the merger consideration to be received in the Merger;
•The impact of various factors on the market price for Enerflex common shares;
•The fact that the Merger is subject to various closing conditions, with no assurances as to whether they will be satisfied;
•The impact of the parties’ requirement to obtain certain governmental approvals and risks associated with the delay or failure to obtain such approvals;
•The potential for Enerflex to fail to realize projected benefits of the Merger;
•The impact of the announcement and pendency of the Merger on our business;
•The fact that we will incur substantial fees and costs in connection with the Merger;
•Risks associated with business uncertainties and contractual restrictions during the pendency of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement;
•Risks associated with our ability to execute on our business strategy;
•The potential impact of the failure to consummate the Merger on the price of Exterran common stock;
•The fact that directors and executive officers of Exterran may have differing interests than the Exterran stockholders more generally;
•The fact that either Exterran or Enerflex may choose not to proceed with the Merger;
•Risks associated with Exterran stockholders’ reduced ownership in the combined company;
•The impact of securities class actions and derivative lawsuits on the business, and the exposure of the combined company to increased litigation;
•Risks associated with Exterran’s, Enerflex’s and the combined company’s potential difficulty attracting, motivating and retaining executives and other key employees;
•The impact on restrictions regarding the pursuit of alternative transactions on the potential to obtain greater merger consideration than the merger consideration offered by Enerflex;
•The potential delay of the Merger if an alternative proposal to acquire Exterran is made;
•The fact that Exterran’s stockholders will not be entitled to appraisal rights in the Merger;
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
•The impact of natural disasters and COVID-19 on our business;
•The impact of low oil and natural gas prices on our business;
•The impact of the financial condition of customers on our business;
•Risks associated with our execution of large projects;
•Risks associated with our fixed price contracts;
•Risks associated with our operation in international markets;
•Risks associated with uncertain geopolitical conditions;
•The impact of foreign governments on our contract operations;
•The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our business;
•Risks associated with price reductions on our contract operations services contracts;
•The impact of our backlog on our business;
•The impact of litigation and proceedings on our business and results of operations;
•Our dependence on particular suppliers;
•Significant competitive pressures;
•Our ability to retain management or operational personnel;
•Our ability to maintain safe work sites and operations;
•Risks associated with changes in technology;
•The impact of service interruptions data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches on our business;
•Risks associated with our compliance with governmental regulations;
•The impact of U.S. federal, state, local and foreign legislation, tax legislation and regulatory and administrative initiatives on our business;
•Our customers’ ability to acquire adequate supplies of water or dispose of or recycle water;
•Our compliance with environmental, health and safety regulations;
•The physical effects of global climate change;
Risks Related to Our Level of Indebtedness
•The effects of our significant indebtedness, which may increase our business risks;
•Our compliance with debt covenants;
•Risks associated with the phasing out of LIBOR and changes in the methods in which LIBOR rates are determined;
•Risks associated with any increase of our debt or raising of additional capital in the future;
Risks Related to the Spin-off
•Our responsibility for continued contingent tax liabilities of Archrock;
•Risks attributable to our prior and continuing relationship with Archrock;
•The impact of our requirement to indemnify Archrock for certain tax liabilities on our business;
General Risk Factors
•The fact that the market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile; and
•The impact of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation’s forum selection clause on certain types of actions and proceedings.
Risks Related to the Proposed Merger
Because the exchange ratio is fixed and the market price of shares of Enerflex common shares has fluctuated and will continue to fluctuate, Exterran stockholders cannot be sure of the value of the merger consideration they will receive in the Merger prior to the closing of the Merger.
At the effective time of the Merger, each share of Exterran common stock that is outstanding immediately prior to the effective time (other than certain excluded shares as described in the Merger Agreement) will be converted into the right to receive 1.021 Enerflex common shares. Because the exchange ratio is fixed, the value of the merger consideration will depend on the market price of Enerflex common shares at the effective time. The market price of Enerflex common shares has fluctuated since the date of the announcement of the Merger Agreement and is expected to continue to fluctuate until the closing date, which could occur a considerable amount of time after the date hereof. Changes in the price of Enerflex common shares may result from a variety of factors, including, among others, general market and economic conditions, changes in Enerflex’s and Exterran’s respective businesses, operations and prospects, risks inherent in their respective businesses, changes in market assessments of the likelihood that the proposed acquisition will be completed and/or the value that may be generated by the proposed acquisition and changes with respect to expectations regarding the timing of the proposed acquisition and regulatory considerations. Many of these factors are beyond Exterran’s control.
Upon completion of the merger, Exterran stockholders will become Enerflex shareholders, and the market price for Enerflex common shares may be affected by factors different from those that historically have affected Exterran.
Upon completion of the Merger, Exterran stockholders will become Enerflex shareholders. Enerflex’s businesses differ from those of Exterran, and accordingly, the results of operations of Enerflex will be affected by some factors that are different from those currently affecting the results of operations of Exterran.
The Merger is subject to various closing conditions, including regulatory and stockholder/shareholder approvals as well as other uncertainties, and there can be no assurances as to whether and when it may be completed.
Closing of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of a number of conditions specified in the Merger Agreement, and it is possible that such conditions may prevent, delay or otherwise materially adversely affect the completion of the Merger. These conditions include, among other things: (1) receipt of the Exterran stockholder approval; (2) receipt of the Enerflex shareholder approval; (3) effectiveness of the Form in accordance with the provisions of the U.S. Securities Act and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Form having been issued and remaining in effect and no proceeding to that effect having been commenced; (4) the absence of any injunction or similar order prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the Merger; (5) approval of applicable antitrust authorities; (6) the Enerflex common shares issuable in the merger having been approved for listing on the NYSE or Nasdaq, subject to official notice of issuance, and the TSX, subject to customary listing requirements; (7) the accuracy of each party’s representations and warranties, subject to certain materiality standards set forth in the Merger Agreement; (8) compliance by each party in all material respects with such party’s obligations under the Merger Agreement; and (9) with respect to Enerflex, the
absence of a Company Material Adverse Effect, and with respect to Exterran, the absence of a Parent Material Adverse Effect (as such terms are defined in the Merger Agreement).
The governmental authorities from which authorizations are required have broad discretion in administering the governing laws and regulations, and may take into account various facts and circumstances in their consideration of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. These governmental authorities may initiate proceedings or otherwise seek to prevent the Merger. As a condition to authorization of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, these governmental authorities also may impose requirements, limitations or costs, require divestitures or place restrictions on the conduct of Enerflex’s business after the combination of Enerflex and Exterran following receipt of final antitrust approval.
We cannot provide any assurance that all required consents and approvals will be obtained or that all closing conditions will otherwise be satisfied (or waived, if applicable), and, if all required consents and approvals are obtained and all closing conditions are satisfied (or waived, if applicable), we cannot provide any assurance as to the terms, conditions and timing of such consents and approvals or the timing of the completion of the Merger. Many of the conditions to completion of the Merger are not within Exterran’s control, and Exterran cannot predict when or if these conditions will be satisfied (or waived, if applicable). Any delay in completing the Merger could cause Exterran not to realize some or all of the benefits that it expects to achieve if the Merger is successfully completed within the expected timeframe.
In order to complete the Merger, Enerflex and Exterran must obtain certain governmental approvals, and if such approvals are not granted or are granted with conditions that become applicable to the parties, completion of the Merger may be delayed, jeopardized or prevented and the anticipated benefits of the Merger could be reduced.
No assurance can be given that the required consents, orders and approvals will be obtained or that the required conditions to the completion of the Merger will be satisfied. Even if all such consents, orders and approvals are obtained and such conditions are satisfied, no assurance can be given as to the terms, conditions and timing of such consents, orders and approvals. For example, these consents, orders and approvals may impose conditions on or require divestitures relating to the divisions, operations or assets of Exterran and Enerflex or may impose requirements, limitations or costs or place restrictions on the conduct of Exterran’s or Enerflex’s business, and if such consents, orders and approvals require an extended period of time to be obtained, such extended period of time could increase the chance that an adverse event occurs with respect to Exterran or Enerflex. Such extended period of time also may increase the chance that other adverse effects with respect to Exterran or Enerflex could occur, such as the loss of key personnel. Even if all necessary approvals are obtained, no assurance can be given as to the terms, conditions and timing of such approvals.
The Exterran special meeting may take place before all of the required regulatory approvals have been obtained and before all conditions to such approvals, if any, are known. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Exterran Merger proposal is approved by Exterran stockholders, Exterran may not be required to seek further approval of Exterran stockholders.
After Enerflex’s combination with Exterran, Enerflex may fail to realize projected benefits and cost savings of the combination, which could adversely affect the value of Enerflex common shares.
Enerflex and Exterran have operated and, pending closing of the Merger, will continue to operate independently. The success of Enerflex’s combination with Exterran will depend, in part, on Enerflex’s ability to realize the anticipated benefits and synergies from combining the businesses of Exterran and Enerflex following the Merger, including operational and other synergies that we believe the combined company will achieve. The anticipated benefits and synergies of Enerflex’s combination with Exterran may not be realized fully or at all, may take longer to realize than expected or could have other adverse effects that we do not currently foresee. Some of the assumptions that we have made, such as the achievement of operating synergies, may not be realized. The integration process may, for Exterran and Enerflex, result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies. There could be potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen expenses associated with the Merger that were not discovered in the course of performing due diligence. Coordinating certain aspects of the operations and
personnel of Enerflex with Exterran after the combination of Enerflex and Exterran will involve complex operational, technological and personnel-related challenges, which may be made more difficult in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the integration will require significant time and focus from management following the combination which may disrupt the business of the combined company.
The announcement and pendency of the Merger could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The announcement and pendency of the Merger could cause disruptions in and create uncertainty surrounding our business, including affecting our relationships with its existing and future customers, suppliers and employees, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, regardless of whether the Merger is completed. In particular, we could potentially lose important personnel as a result of the departure of employees who decide to pursue other opportunities in light of the Merger. We could also potentially lose customers or suppliers, and new customer or supplier contracts could be delayed or decreased. The attention of our management may be directed towards closing the Merger, including obtaining required approvals and other transaction-related considerations and may be diverted from the day-to-day business operations of Exterran and matters related to the Merger may require commitments of time and resources that could otherwise have been devoted to other opportunities that might have been beneficial to Exterran. Additionally, the Merger Agreement requires each party to obtain the other party’s consent prior to taking certain specified actions while the transaction is pending. These restrictions may prevent Exterran from pursuing otherwise attractive business opportunities prior to the closing of the Merger. Any of these matters could adversely affect the business of, or harm the results of operations, financial condition or cash flows of Exterran or the combined company and thus the market value of Enerflex common shares.
If the Merger does not close, the price of Exterran common stock may fall to the extent that the current price of Exterran common stock reflect a market assumption that the Merger will close. In addition, the failure to close the Merger may result in negative publicity or a negative impression of Exterran in the investment community and may affect Exterran’s relationship with employees, customers, suppliers and other partners in the business community.
We will incur substantial fees and costs in connection with the Merger Agreement and the Merger.
Exterran has incurred and expects to incur additional material non-recurring expenses in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including costs relating to obtaining required approvals and compensation payments to its executives triggered by the change in control of Exterran as a result of the Merger. Exterran has incurred significant financial services, accounting, tax and legal fees in connection with the process of negotiating and evaluating the terms of the transaction. Additional significant unanticipated costs may be incurred in the course of coordinating and combining the business of Exterran. Even if the Merger does not close, Exterran will need to pay certain costs relating to the transaction incurred prior to the date the Merger was abandoned, such as financial advisory, accounting, tax, legal, filing and printing fees. Such costs may be significant and could have an adverse effect on our future results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. In addition to its own fees and expenses, if the Merger Agreement is terminated under specified circumstances, Exterran will be required to pay to Enerflex a $10.0 million termination payment. In addition to its own fees and expenses, if the Merger Agreement is terminated under specified circumstances, Enerflex may be required to pay either $20.0 million or $30.0 million to Exterran, depending on the reason for the termination.
While the transaction is pending, we are subject to business uncertainties and contractual restrictions that could materially adversely affect our operating results, financial position and/or cash flows or result in a loss of employees, suppliers, vendors or customers.
The Merger Agreement generally requires Exterran to use commercially reasonable efforts to conduct its business in all material respects in the ordinary course prior to the earlier of the termination of the Merger Agreement and the closing date. In addition, the
Merger Agreement includes a variety of specified restrictions on the conduct of Exterran’s business, which, in the event the Merger Agreement is not earlier terminated, expire on the closing date. Among other things and subject to the other terms of the Merger Agreement and certain other exceptions and limitations, Exterran may not, outside of the ordinary course of business, incur additional indebtedness, issue additional shares of Exterran’s common stock outside of its equity incentive plans, repurchase common stock, pay dividends, acquire assets, securities or property, dispose of businesses or assets, enter into certain material contracts or make certain additional capital expenditures. Exterran may find that these and other contractual restrictions in the Merger Agreement delay or prevent Exterran from making certain changes, or limit its ability to make certain changes, during such period, even if Exterran’s management believes that making certain changes may be advisable. The pendency of the transaction may also divert management’s attention and Exterran’s resources from ongoing business and operations.
Exterran’s employees, suppliers, vendors or customers may experience uncertainties about the effects of the Merger. It is possible that some employees, suppliers, vendors or customers and other parties with whom Exterran has a business relationship may delay or defer certain business decisions or might decide to seek to terminate, change or renegotiate their relationship with Exterran as a result of the proposed acquisition. Similarly, current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles with Exterran following completion of the Merger, which may materially and adversely affect Exterran’s ability to attract and retain key employees. If any of these effects were to occur, it could materially and adversely impact Exterran’s operating results, financial position, cash flows and/or stock price.
Failure by Exterran to successfully execute its business strategy and objectives may materially adversely affect the future results of the combined company and, consequently, the market value of Enerflex common shares.
The success of the combination of Enerflex and Exterran will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully execute our business strategy. Furthermore, our business strategy, operations and plans for growth rely significantly on agreements with third parties, including joint ventures and other strategic alliances. Our ability to provide service to its customers depends in large part upon its ability to maintain these agreements with third parties, and upon the performance of the obligations under the agreements by the third parties. The termination of, or the failure to renew, these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements and interfere with its business strategy, operations and plans for growth. If we are not able to achieve our business strategy, are not able to achieve our business strategy on a timely basis, or otherwise fail to perform in accordance with Enerflex’s expectations, the anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized fully or at all, and the combination may materially adversely affect the results of operations, financial condition and prospects of the combined company and, consequently, the market value of Enerflex common shares.
Failure to complete the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement could negatively impact the price of Exterran common stock, and future business and financial results.
If the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are not completed for any reason, our ongoing business may be materially and adversely affected and we would be subject to a number of risks, including the following:
•We may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on trading prices of Exterran common stock, and from Exterran’s employees, suppliers, vendors, regulators or customers;
•We may, in certain circumstances set forth in the Merger Agreement, be required to pay Enerflex a termination payment of $10.0 million, in consideration for the disposition by Enerflex of its contractual rights under the Merger Agreement;
•The Merger Agreement places certain restrictions on the conduct of our business, and such restrictions, the waiver of which is subject to the consent of Enerflex, may prevent us from making certain material acquisitions, entering into or amending certain contracts, taking certain other specified actions or otherwise pursuing business opportunities during the pendency of the transaction or, with respect to certain actions, prior to the control date, that we would have made, taken or pursued if these restrictions were not in place; and
•Matters relating to the Merger (including integration planning) will require substantial commitments of time and resources by our management and the expenditure of significant funds in the form of fees and expenses, which would otherwise have been devoted to day-to-day operations and other opportunities that may have been beneficial to us as an independent company.
In addition, Exterran could be subject to litigation related to any failure to complete the acquisition or related to any proceeding to specifically enforce Exterran’s performance obligations under the Merger Agreement.
If any of these risks materialize, they may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, financial results and stock prices.
Directors and executive officers of Exterran have interests in the transaction that may differ from the interests of Exterran stockholders generally, including, if the Merger is completed, the receipt of financial and other benefits.
Exterran stockholders should be aware that Exterran’s directors and executive officers have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of Exterran stockholders generally. These interests may include, among others, the treatment of outstanding Exterran equity awards under the Merger Agreement, the potential payment of severance benefits and acceleration of outstanding Exterran equity awards upon certain terminations of employment, retention awards and rights to ongoing indemnification and insurance coverage.
Except in specified circumstances, if the effective time has not occurred by the end date, either Exterran or Enerflex may choose not to proceed with the transaction.
Either Exterran or Enerflex may terminate the Merger Agreement if the effective time has not occurred by October 24, 2022 (i.e., the end date); provided, that to the extent the condition to obtain the antitrust authorizations required to be obtained with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement has not been satisfied or waived on or prior to October 24, 2022, but all other conditions to closing have been satisfied or waived (except for those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the closing), the end date will be automatically extended 30 days. However, this right to terminate the Merger Agreement will not be available to Exterran or Enerflex if such party has breached in any material respect its obligations under the Merger Agreement in any manner that has been the primary cause of the failure to consummate the Merger on or before the end date.
Current Exterran stockholders will have a reduced ownership and voting interest after the transaction and will exercise less influence over the management of the combined company.
Holders of Exterran common stock currently have the right to vote in the election of the board of directors and on other matters affecting Exterran. In the Merger, each holder of Exterran common stock who receives Enerflex common shares will become a holder of common share of the combined company, with a percentage ownership of the combined company that is smaller than the holder’s percentage ownership of Exterran. Following the completion of the Merger, the former holders of Exterran common stock are estimated to own approximately twenty-seven and one half percent (27.5%) of the fully diluted shares of the combined company immediately after the Merger and current holders of Enerflex common shares as a group are estimated to own approximately seventy-two and one half percent (72.5%) of the fully diluted shares of the combined company immediately after the Merger. Consequently, current Enerflex shareholders in the aggregate will have less influence over the management and policies of the combined company than they currently have over the management and policies of Enerflex, and Exterran stockholders in the aggregate will have significantly less influence over the management and policies of the combined company than they currently have over the management and policies of Exterran.
Exterran and Enerflex may be targets of securities class action and derivative lawsuits which could result in substantial costs and may delay or prevent the Merger from being completed.
Securities class action lawsuits and derivative lawsuits are often brought against companies that have entered into transaction agreements. Even if the lawsuits are without merit, defending against these claims can result in substantial costs and divert management time and resources. Additionally, if a plaintiff is successful in obtaining an injunction prohibiting consummation of the Merger, then that injunction may delay or prevent the Merger from being completed.
The combined company may be exposed to increased litigation, which could have an adverse effect on the combined company’s business and operations.
The combined company may be exposed to increased litigation from stockholders, customers, suppliers, consumers and other third parties due to the combination of Enerflex’s business and Exterran’s business. Such litigation may have an adverse impact on the combined company’s business and results of operations or may cause disruptions to the combined company’s operations.
Enerflex and Exterran may have difficulty attracting, motivating and retaining executives and other key employees in light of the combination of Enerflex and Exterran.
Uncertainty about the effect of the Merger on Enerflex and Exterran employees may have an adverse effect on each of Enerflex and Exterran separately and consequently the combined company. This uncertainty may impair Enerflex’s and/or Exterran’s ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel. Employee retention may be particularly challenging during the pendency of the Merger, as employees of Enerflex and Exterran may experience uncertainty about their future roles in the combined company.
Additionally, Exterran’s officers and employees may hold shares of Exterran common stock, and, if the Merger closes, these officers and employees may be entitled to the merger consideration in respect of such shares of Exterran common stock. Under agreements between Exterran and certain of its key employees, such employees could potentially resign from employment on or after the effective time following specified circumstances constituting good reason or constructive termination (as set forth in the applicable agreement) that could result in severance payments to such employees and accelerated vesting of their equity awards. These payments and accelerated vesting benefits, individually or in the aggregate, could make retention of Exterran key employees more difficult.
Furthermore, if key employees of Enerflex or Exterran depart or are at risk of departing, including because of issues relating to the uncertainty and difficulty of integration, financial security or a desire not to become employees of the combined company, Enerflex may have to incur significant costs in retaining such individuals or in identifying, hiring and retaining replacements for departing employees and may lose significant expertise and talent, and the combined company’s ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger may be materially and adversely affected. No assurance can be given that the combined company will be able to attract or retain key employees to the same extent that Enerflex and Exterran have been able to attract or retain employees in the past.
The Merger Agreement contains provisions that make it more difficult for Enerflex and Exterran to pursue alternatives to the transaction and may discourage other companies from trying to acquire Exterran for greater consideration than what Enerflex has agreed to pay.
The Merger Agreement contains provisions that make it more difficult for Exterran to sell its business to a party other than Enerflex, or for Enerflex to sell its business. These provisions include a general prohibition on each party soliciting any alternative proposal. Further, there are only limited circumstances in which Exterran may terminate the Merger Agreement to accept an alternative proposal and limited exceptions to each party’s agreement that its board of directors will not withdraw or modify in a manner adverse to the other party the recommendation of its board of directors in favor of the adoption of the Merger Agreement. In the event that the Exterran board makes an adverse recommendation change, then Exterran may be required to pay to Enerflex a termination payment of $10.0 million. In the event that the Enerflex board makes an adverse recommendation change, then Enerflex may be required to pay to Exterran a termination payment of $20.0 million. The parties believe these provisions are reasonable and not preclusive of other offers, but these restrictions might discourage a third party that has an interest in acquiring all or a significant part of either Exterran or Enerflex from considering or proposing an alternative proposal.
If an alternative proposal to acquire Exterran is made, consummation of the Merger may be delayed or impeded.
If an alternative proposal to acquire Exterran is made, the attention of Exterran’s and Enerflex’s respective management may be diverted away from the Merger, which may delay or impede consummation of the Merger. Matters related to such alternative proposal, including any potential related litigation, may require commitments of time and resources of both parties and their respective representatives, which could otherwise have been devoted to the Merger.
Exterran stockholders will not be entitled to appraisal rights in the proposed merger.
Under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, because the merger consideration is in the form of a stock for stock exchange, no dissenters’ or appraisal rights are available to the holders of Exterran common stock with respect to the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Natural disasters, public health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and other catastrophic events outside of our control may adversely affect our business or the business of third parties on which we depend.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic and aggressive actions taken in response to it have negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and financial markets, and created significant volatility and disruption across most industries, including ours. In response to the pandemic, governmental authorities mandated shutdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing requirements, stay at home orders and advisories, and other restrictions. Some (but not all) of these restrictions have been gradually relaxed and subsequently re-imposed and relaxed again as various areas have experienced resurgences and declines of COVID-19 cases; areas in the future may re-impose additional restrictions.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic, including the effectiveness and availability of vaccines and other treatments; the impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response; the effect on our customers and customer demand for our products, solutions, and services; our ability to sell and provide our products, solutions, and services, including as a result of supplier disruptions, travel restrictions, economic shutdowns, and people working from home; the ability of our customers to pay for our products, solutions, and services; any closures of our and our customers’ offices and facilities; and the availability and effectiveness of vaccines or other treatment for this particular coronavirus.
We are following local governmental guidance for viral spread mitigation, including having many of our employees who would traditionally work in an office work from home, and have put in place additional health and safety measures to protect our employees, our customers and other parties who are working at our operating sites. While some of our employees can work remotely, many of our projects require our employees to travel to operating sites. The ability of our employees and our suppliers’ and customers’ employees to work may be significantly impacted by individuals contracting or being exposed to COVID-19, or by their inability to travel as a result of the mitigation measures noted above. See Part I, Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Impact of COVID-19 on our Business for further discussion of our response to, and the impact of, the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.
Many countries significantly shut down their economies to mitigate the spreading of the virus, thus impacting consumer spending and reducing demand for oil and natural gas. Although economies are making progress in reopening, any full or partial future shutdowns imposed in an attempt to gain further control over the spread of the virus could directly or indirectly impact the demand for and pricing of our products, solutions and services and negatively impact our operating results especially if there are returns to shutdowns in the future. Future deterioration in economic conditions, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, could lead to a prolonged decline in demand for our products, solutions and services and negatively impact our business.
Low oil and natural gas prices could depress or reduce demand or pricing for our natural gas compression and oil and natural gas processing and treating equipment and services and, as a result, adversely affect our business.
Our results of operations depend upon the level of activity in the global energy market, including oil and natural gas development, production, processing and transportation. Oil and natural gas exploration and development activity and the number of well completions typically decline when there is a sustained reduction in oil or natural gas prices or significant instability in energy markets. Even the perception of longer-term lower oil or natural gas prices by oil and natural gas exploration, development and production companies can result in their decision to cancel, reduce or postpone major expenditures or to reduce or shut in well production.
Oil and natural gas prices and the level of drilling and exploration activity can be volatile. In periods of volatile commodity prices, the timing of any change in activity levels by our customers is difficult to predict. As a result, our ability to project the anticipated activity level for our business, and particularly our product sales segment may be limited.
During periods of lower oil or natural gas prices, our customers typically decrease their capital expenditures, which generally results in lower activity levels. A reduction in demand for our products, solutions and services could force us to reduce our pricing substantially, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, customer cash flows and returns on capital drive customer investment priorities. Industry observers believe shareholders are encouraging management teams of energy companies to focus operational and compensation strategies on returns and free cash flow generation rather than solely on growth. To accomplish these strategies, energy companies may need to better prioritize or reduce capital spending, which could impact resource allocation and production, ultimately constraining the amount of new projects by our customers.
If our customers seek to preserve capital by canceling contracts, canceling or delaying scheduled maintenance of their existing natural gas compression and oil and natural gas processing and treating equipment, cease commitments for new contract operations services contracts or new compression, oil and natural gas processing and treating equipment or new water treatment equipment, or cancel or delay orders with us, the demand for our products, solutions and services could be materially and adversely affected. Such a drop in demand could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The erosion of the financial condition of our customers could adversely affect our business.
Many of our customers finance their exploration and development activities through cash flows from operations, the incurrence of debt or the issuance of equity. During times when the oil or natural gas markets weaken, our customers are more likely to experience a downturn in their financial condition. A reduction in borrowing bases under reserve-based credit facilities, the lack of availability of debt or equity financing, or other factors that negatively impact our customers’ financial condition could result in our customers seeking to preserve capital by reducing prices under existing contracts, cancelling contracts with us, determining not to renew contracts with us, cancelling or delaying scheduled maintenance of their existing natural gas compression and oil and natural gas processing and treating equipment or water treatment, determining not to enter into contract operations agreements or not to purchase new compression, oil and natural gas processing and treating equipment or water treatment equipment, or determining to cancel or delay orders for our products, solutions and services. Any such action by our customers would reduce demand for our products, solutions and services which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, in the event of the financial failure of a customer, we could experience a loss on all or a portion of our outstanding accounts receivable associated with that customer as well as all future expected amounts under our contracts with that customer.
Failure to timely and cost-effectively execute on larger projects could adversely affect our business.
Some of our projects have a relatively larger size and scope than the majority of our projects, which can translate into more technically challenging conditions or performance specifications for our products, solutions and services. Contracts with our customers for these projects typically specify delivery dates, performance criteria and penalties for our failure to perform. Any failure to estimate the cost of and execute these larger projects in a timely and cost effective manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may incur losses on fixed-price contracts, which constitute a significant portion of our business.
In connection with projects and services performed under fixed-price contracts, we generally bear the risk of cost over-runs, operating cost inflation, labor availability and productivity, and supplier and subcontractor pricing and performance, unless additional costs result from customer-requested change orders. Under both our fixed-price contracts and our cost-reimbursable contracts, we may rely on third parties for many support services, and we could be subject to liability for their failures. Any failure to accurately estimate our costs and the time required for a fixed-price project at the time we enter into a contract could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our operations in international markets are subject to many risks.
The majority of our contract operations and aftermarket services businesses, and a portion of our product sales business, are conducted in countries outside the U.S. We currently operate in approximately 25 countries. With respect to any particular country in which we operate, the risks inherent in our activities may include the following, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows:
•difficulties in managing international operations, including our ability to timely and cost effectively execute projects;
•unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, laws or policies by foreign agencies or governments;
•work stoppages;
•inability to train and retain qualified personnel in international markets;
•the burden of complying with multiple and potentially conflicting laws and regulations;
•tariffs and other trade barriers;
•actions by governments or national oil companies that result in the nullification or renegotiation on less than favorable terms of existing contracts, or otherwise result in the deprivation of contractual rights, and other difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations;
•governmental actions that (i) result in restricting the movement of property or that impede our ability to import or export parts or equipment, (ii) require a certain percentage of equipment to contain local or domestic content, or (iii) require certain local or domestic ownership, control or employee ratios in order to do business in or obtain special incentives or treatment in certain jurisdictions;
•potentially longer payment cycles;
•changes in political and economic conditions in the countries in which we operate, including general political unrest, the imposition of sanctions on countries in which we operate or on customers which we service, the nationalization of energy related assets, civil uprisings, community protests, blockades, riots, kidnappings, violence associated with drug cartels and terrorist acts;
•adverse fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies, legal judgments or settlements (see, for example the section entitled "Item 3. Legal Proceedings" beginning on page 37);
•potentially adverse tax consequences or tax law changes;
•currency controls, fluctuations in currency exchange rates and restrictions on repatriation of earnings;
•expropriation, confiscation or nationalization of property without fair compensation;
•the risk that our international customers may have reduced access to credit because of higher interest rates, reduced bank lending or a deterioration in our customers’ or their lenders’ financial condition;
•complications associated with installing, operating and repairing equipment in remote locations;
•limitations on insurance coverage;
•inflation;
•the geographic, time zone, language and cultural differences among personnel in different areas of the world; and
•difficulties in establishing new international offices and the risks inherent in establishing new relationships in foreign countries.
In addition, we may expand our business in international markets where we have not previously conducted business. The risks inherent in establishing new business ventures, especially in international markets where local customs, laws and business procedures present special challenges, may affect our ability to be successful in these ventures or avoid losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Uncertain geopolitical conditions could adversely affect our results of operations.
Uncertain geopolitical conditions, including the invasion of Ukraine, sanctions, and other potential impacts on this region's economic environment and currencies, may cause demand for our products and services to be volatile, cause abrupt changes in our customers' buying patterns, interrupt our ability to supply products to this or other regions or limit customers' access to financial resources and ability to satisfy obligations to us.
Our contract operations segment is dependent on companies that are controlled by the government in which it operates.
The countries with our largest contract operations businesses include Argentina, Brazil and Oman. We generate a significant portion of our revenue in these countries from national oil companies, including Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales in Argentina, Petrobras in Brazil and Petroleum Development Oman in Oman. Contracts with national oil companies may expose us to greater commercial, political and operational risks than we assume in other contracts. Our ability to resolve disputes or enforce contractual provisions may be negatively impacted by the significant bargaining leverage that national oil companies have over us. If our national oil company customers cancel some of our contracts and we are unable to secure new contracts on a timely basis and on substantially similar terms, or if a number of our contracts are renegotiated, it could adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We are exposed to exchange rate fluctuations in the international markets in which we operate.
We operate in many international countries and anticipate that there will be instances in which costs and revenues will not be exactly matched with respect to currency denomination. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities that are receivable or payable in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ functional currency are included in our statements of operations. In addition, currency fluctuations cause the U.S. dollar value of our international results of operations and net assets to vary with exchange rate fluctuations. A decrease in the value of any of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As we expand geographically, we may experience economic loss and a negative impact on earnings or net assets solely as a result of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. In the future, we may utilize derivative instruments to manage the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that could potentially impact our future earnings and forecasted cash flows. However, the markets in which we operate could restrict the removal or conversion of the local or foreign currency, resulting in our inability to hedge against some or all of these risks and/or increase our cost of conversion of local currency to U.S. dollar.
See further discussion of foreign exchange risks under Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
The termination of or any price reductions under certain of our contract operations services contracts could have a material impact on our business.
The termination of a contract or a demand by our customers to reduce prices for our contract operations services contracts may lead to a reduction in our revenues and net income, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, we may be unable to renew, or enter into new, contracts with customers on favorable commercial terms, if at all. To the extent we are unable to renew our existing contracts or enter into new contracts on terms that are favorable to us or to successfully manage our overall contract mix over time, our business, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted.
Our backlog may be subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations.
The expected future revenues reflected in our backlog may not be realized or may not result in profits if realized. Due to potential project cancellations or changes in project scope and schedule, we cannot predict with certainty when or if backlog will be performed. In addition, even when a project proceeds as scheduled, it is possible that contracted parties may default and fail to pay amounts owed to us or poor project performance could increase the cost associated with a project. Delays, suspensions, cancellations, payment defaults, scope changes and poor project execution could materially reduce or eliminate revenues or profits that we actually realize from projects in backlog. We may be at greater risk of delays, suspensions and cancellations during periods of low oil and natural gas prices.
Reductions in our backlog due to cancellation or modification by a customer or for other reasons may adversely affect, potentially to a material extent, the revenues and earnings we actually receive from contracts included in our backlog. Contracts in our backlog provide for cancellation fees in the event customers cancel projects. These cancellation fees usually provide for reimbursement of our out-of-pocket costs, revenues for work performed prior to cancellation and a varying percentage of the profits we would have realized had the contract been completed. However, we may not have a contractual right upon cancellation to the total revenue reflected in our backlog. Projects may remain in our backlog for extended periods of time. If we experience significant project terminations, suspensions or scope adjustments to contracts reflected in our backlog, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted.
From time to time, we are subject to various claims, litigation and other proceedings that could ultimately be resolved against us, requiring material future cash payments or charges, which could impair our financial condition or results of operations.
The size, nature and complexity of our business make us susceptible to various claims, both in litigation and binding arbitration proceedings. We are currently, and may in the future become, subject to various claims, which, if not resolved within amounts we have accrued, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Similarly, any claims, even if fully indemnified or insured, could negatively impact our reputation among our customers and the public, and make it more difficult for us to compete effectively or obtain adequate insurance in the future.
We also may be adversely affected by the outcome of pending or threatened litigation, especially in countries outside the United States in which very large and unpredictable damage awards may occur; by government enforcement proceedings alleging non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations; or by state and foreign government actors as well as private plaintiffs acting in parallel that attempt to use the legal system to promote public policy agendas, gain political notoriety, or obtain monetary awards from the company. See, for example the section entitled "Item 3. Legal Proceedings" beginning on page 37.
We depend on particular suppliers and may be vulnerable to product shortages and price increases.
Some of the components used in our products are obtained from a single source or a limited group of suppliers. Our reliance on these suppliers involves several risks, including price increases, product quality and a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components in a timely manner. Additionally, we occasionally experience long lead times from our sources for major components and may at times make purchases in anticipation of future business. We do not have long-term contracts with some of these sources, and the partial or complete loss of certain of these sources could have a negative impact on our results of operations and could damage our customer relationships. Further, a significant increase in the price of one or more of these components could negatively impact on our results of operations.
We face significant competitive pressures that may cause us to lose market share and harm our financial performance.
Our businesses face intense competition and have low barriers to entry. Our competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to technological changes within our industry, changes in economic and market conditions or more readily take advantage of acquisitions and other opportunities. Our ability to renew or replace existing contract operations services contracts with our customers at rates sufficient to maintain current revenue and cash flows could be adversely affected by the activities of our competitors. If our competitors substantially increase the resources they devote to the development and marketing of competitive products, equipment or services or substantially decrease the price at which they offer their products, equipment or services, we may not be able to compete effectively.
In addition, we could face significant competition from new entrants into the markets we serve. Some of our existing competitors or new entrants may expand or develop new processing, treating and compression equipment that would create additional competition for the products, equipment or services we provide to our customers.
Our ability to manage and grow our business effectively may be adversely affected if we lose management or operational personnel.
We believe that our ability to hire, train and retain qualified personnel will continue to be challenging and important. The supply of experienced operational and field personnel, in particular, decreases as other energy and manufacturing companies’ needs for the same personnel increase. Our ability to grow and to continue our current level of service to our customers will be adversely impacted if we are unable to successfully hire, train and retain these important personnel.
Our employees work on projects that are inherently dangerous. If we fail to maintain safe work sites, we can be exposed to significant financial losses and reputational harm.
Safety is a leading focus of our business, and our safety record is critical to our reputation and is of paramount importance to our employees, customers and stockholders. However, we often work on large-scale and complex projects which can place our employees and others near large mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, dangerous processes and in challenging environments. Although we have a functional group whose primary purpose is to implement effective quality, health, safety, environmental and security procedures throughout our company, our safety procedures may fail to be effective and our employees and others may become injured, disabled or lose their lives. As a result, our projects may be delayed or we may be exposed to litigation or investigations.
Unsafe conditions at project work sites also have the potential to increase employee turnover, increase project costs and raise our operating costs. Additionally, many of our customers require that we meet certain safety criteria to be eligible to bid for contracts and our failure to maintain adequate safety standards could result in reduced profitability, lost project awards or loss of customers. Any of the foregoing could result in financial losses or reputational harm, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations entail inherent risks that may result in substantial liability. We do not insure against all potential losses and could be seriously harmed by unexpected liabilities.
Our operations entail inherent risks, including equipment defects, malfunctions and failures, environmental discharges and natural disasters, which could result in uncontrollable flows of natural gas or well fluids, fires and explosions. These risks may expose us, as an equipment operator and developer, to liability for personal injury, wrongful death, property damage, pollution or other environmental damage. The insurance we carry against many of these risks may not be adequate to cover our claims or losses. In addition, we are substantially self-insured for workers’ compensation, employer’s liability, property, auto liability, general liability and employee group health claims in view of the relatively high per-incident deductibles we absorb under our insurance arrangements for these risks. Further, insurance covering the risks we expect to face or in the amounts we desire may not be available in the future or, if available, the premiums may not be commercially justifiable. If we were to incur substantial liability and such damages were not covered by insurance or were in excess of policy limits, or if we were to incur liability at a time when we are not able to obtain liability insurance on commercially reasonable terms or at all, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
We may be subject to risks arising from changes in technology.
The supply chains in which we operate are subject to technological changes and changes in customer requirements. We may not successfully develop or implement new or modified types of products or technologies that may be required by our customers in the future. Further, the development of new technologies by competitors could reduce demand for our products and affect our financial performance. Should we not be able to maintain or enhance the competitive values of our products or develop and introduce new products or technologies successfully, or if new products or technologies fail to generate sufficient revenues to offset research and development costs, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
Our information technology infrastructure could be subject to service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, which could result in the disruption of operations or the loss of data confidentiality.
We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the internet and third-party service providers, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities, including procurement, manufacturing, distribution, invoicing, collection, communication with our employees, customers, suppliers, dealers and suppliers, business acquisitions and other corporate transactions, compliance with regulatory, legal and tax requirements, and research and development. These information technology networks and systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components, power outages, hardware failures, undetected errors or computer viruses. While we have business continuity plans and other safeguards in place, if these information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption or shutdown and business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. Further, we cannot ensure we have insurance coverages to cover these issues.
In addition, information technology security threats and sophisticated cyber-based attacks, including, but not limited to, denial-of-service attacks, hacking, worms, “phishing” attacks, computer viruses, ransomware, malware, employee or insider error, malfeasance, social engineering, or physical breaches, may cause deliberate or unintentional damage, destruction or misuse, manipulation, denial of access to or disclosure of confidential or important information by our employees, suppliers or third-party service providers. Additionally, advanced persistent attempts to gain unauthorized access to our systems and those of third-party service providers we rely on are increasing in sophistication and frequency. We have experienced attacks on our information technology systems and networks, and we expect to continue to confront attempts by hackers and other third parties to disrupt or gain unauthorized access to our information technology systems and networks. These attacks to date have not resulted in unauthorized access to confidential information regarding our customers, suppliers or employees and have not had a material impact on our business. However, we could in the future experience attacks that materially disrupt our business or result in access to such confidential information about our customers, suppliers and employees or material information about our operations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
We are continuously developing and enhancing our controls, processes, and practices designed to protect our systems, computers, software, data, and networks from attack, damage, or unauthorized access. This continued development and enhancement will require us to expend additional resources, including to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities that may be detected. Despite our ongoing investments in security resources, talent, and business practices, we are unable to assure that these enhanced security measures will be effective.
We can provide no assurance that our efforts to actively manage technology risks potentially affecting our systems and networks will be successful in eliminating or mitigating risks to our systems, networks and data or in effectively resolving such risks when they materialize. A failure of or breach in information technology security of our own systems, or those of our third-party suppliers, could expose us and our employees, customers, dealers and suppliers to risks of misuse of information or systems, the compromise of confidential information, manipulation and destruction of data, defective products, production downtimes and operations disruptions. Any of these events in turn could adversely affect our reputation, competitive position, including loss of customers and revenue, business, results of operations and liquidity. In addition, such breaches in security could result in litigation, regulatory action and potential liability, as well as the costs and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures.
To conduct our operations, we regularly move data across national and state borders, and consequently we are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in the U.S. and abroad regarding privacy, data protection and data security. The scope of the laws that may be applicable to us is often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, which greatly increases the jurisdictional reach of E.U. law and adds a broad array of requirements for handling personal data, including the public disclosure of significant data breaches, became effective in May 2018. Other countries have enacted or are enacting data localization laws that require data to stay within their borders and various states are enacting additional data laws that may impact us. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time.
We are subject to a variety of governmental regulations; failure to comply with these regulations may result in administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures and changes in these regulations could increase our costs or liabilities.
We are subject to a variety of U.S. federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to, for example, export controls, currency exchange, labor and employment and taxation. Many of these laws and regulations are complex, change frequently, are becoming increasingly stringent, and the cost of compliance with these requirements can be expected to increase over time. From time to time, as part of our operations we may be subject to compliance audits by regulatory authorities in the various countries in which we operate. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in a variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures, including assessment of monetary penalties, imposition of remedial requirements and issuance of injunctions as to future compliance, any of which may have a negative impact on our financial condition, profitability and results of operations.
Our international operations require us to comply with U.S. and international laws and regulations, including those involving anti-bribery and anti-corruption. For example, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws and regulations prohibit improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or gaining any business advantage.
We operate in many parts of the world that experience high levels of corruption, and our business brings us in frequent contact with foreign officials. Our compliance policies and programs mandate compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws but may not be completely effective in ensuring our compliance. Our training and compliance program and our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from violations committed by our employees or agents. If we undergo an investigation of potential violations of anti-corruption laws or if we fail to comply with these laws, we may incur significant legal expenses or be subject to criminal and civil penalties and other sanctions and remedial measures, which could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
We also are subject to other laws and regulations governing our operations, including regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control and various non-U.S. government entities, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions on countries and persons and customs requirements. Trade control laws are complex and constantly changing. Our compliance policies and programs increase our cost of doing business and may not work effectively to ensure our compliance with trade control laws. If we undergo an investigation of potential violations of trade control laws by U.S. or foreign authorities or if we fail to comply with these laws, we may incur significant legal expenses or be subject to criminal and civil penalties and other sanctions and remedial measures, which could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Tax legislation and administrative initiatives or challenges to our tax positions could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We operate in locations throughout the U.S. and internationally and, as a result, we are subject to the tax laws and regulations of U.S. federal, state, local and foreign governments. From time to time, various legislative or administrative initiatives may be proposed that could adversely affect our tax positions. In addition, U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. Moreover, economic and political pressures to increase tax revenue in various jurisdictions may make resolving tax disputes favorably more difficult. There can be no assurance that our tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in any such challenge. Changes to our tax positions resulting from tax legislation and administrative initiatives or challenges from taxing authorities could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
U.S. federal, state, local and foreign legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing as well as governmental reviews of such activities could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays in the completion of oil and natural gas wells, and adversely affect demand for our products.
Hydraulic fracturing is an important and common practice that is used to stimulate production of natural gas and/or oil, from dense subsurface rock formations. We do not perform hydraulic fracturing, but many of our customers do. Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand or alternative proppant and chemicals under pressure into target geological formations to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production. Hydraulic fracturing is typically regulated by state agencies, but recently, there has been increased public concern regarding an alleged potential for hydraulic fracturing to adversely affect drinking water supplies, and proposals have been made to enact separate U.S. federal, state and local legislation that would increase the regulatory burden imposed on hydraulic fracturing.
For example, at the U.S. federal level, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to collect data on chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing operations under Section 8 of the Toxic Substances Control Act, and proposed regulations under the CWA governing wastewater discharges from hydraulic fracturing and certain other natural gas operations. On March 26, 2015, the Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) released a final rule that updates existing regulation of hydraulic fracturing activities on U.S. federal lands, including requirements for chemical disclosure, wellbore integrity and handling of flowback water. The final rule never went into effect due to pending litigation and on December 28, 2017, the BLM announced that it had rescinded the 2015 final rule, in part citing a review that found that each of the 32 states with federal oil and gas leases has regulations that already address hydraulic fracturing.
At the state level, several states have adopted or are considering legal requirements that could impose more stringent permitting, disclosure, and well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing activities. For example in May 2013, the Texas Railroad Commission adopted new rules governing well casing, cementing and other standards for ensuring that hydraulic fracturing operations do not contaminate nearby water resources. Local governments may also seek to adopt ordinances within their jurisdictions regulating the time, place and manner of, or prohibiting the performance of, drilling activities in general or hydraulic fracturing activities in particular. In addition, certain interest groups have also proposed ballot initiatives and constitutional amendments designed to restrict oil and natural-gas development generally and hydraulic fracturing in particular. For example, in 2018, Colorado voters ultimately rejected Proposition 112, a Colorado ballot initiative that would have drastically limited the use of hydraulic fracturing in Colorado. If new or more stringent federal, state or local legal restrictions relating to the hydraulic fracturing process are adopted in areas where our natural gas exploration and production customers operate, those customers could incur potentially significant added costs to comply with such requirements, experience delays or curtailment in the pursuit of exploration, development or production activities and perhaps even be precluded from drilling wells. In countries outside of the U.S., including provincial, regional, tribal or local jurisdictions therein where we conduct operations, there may exist similar governmental restrictions or controls on our customers’ hydraulic fracturing activities, which, if such restrictions or controls exist or are adopted in the future, our foreign customers may face the same challenges as our U.S. customers. Any such restrictions, domestically or foreign, could reduce demand for our products, and as a result could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our customers’ inability to acquire adequate supplies of water or dispose of or recycle the water used in operations, could result in operating restrictions or delays in the completion of oil and natural gas wells, and adversely affect demand for our products.
Oil and gas development activities require the use of water. For example, the hydraulic fracturing process to produce commercial quantities of oil and natural gas from many reservoirs requires the use and disposal of significant quantities of water. In certain areas, there may be a scarcity of water for drilling activities due to various factors, including insufficient local aquifer capacity or government regulations restricting the use of water. Our customers’ inability to secure sufficient amounts of water or dispose of or recycle the water used in operations, could adversely impact our or our customers’ operations in certain areas. The imposition of new environmental initiatives and regulations, could further restrict our customers’ ability to conduct certain operations disposal of waste, including, but not limited to, produced water, drilling fluids and other materials associated with the exploration, development or production of oil and natural gas. Any such restrictions could reduce demand for our products, and as a result could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety regulations. Failure to comply with these regulations may result in administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures and changes in these regulations could increase our costs or liabilities.
We are subject to a variety of U.S. federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to the environment, and worker health and safety. These laws and regulations are complex, change frequently, are becoming increasingly stringent, and the cost of compliance with these requirements can be expected to increase over time. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures, including assessment of monetary penalties, imposition of remedial requirements and issuance of injunctions as to future compliance. Certain of these laws also may impose joint and several and strict liability for environmental contamination, which may render us liable for remediation costs, natural resource damages and other damages as a result of our conduct that may have been lawful at the time it occurred or the conduct of, or conditions caused by, prior owners or operators or other third parties. In addition, where contamination may be present, it is not uncommon for neighboring land owners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury, property damage and recovery of response costs. Remediation costs and other damages arising as a result of environmental laws and regulations, and costs associated with new information, changes in existing environmental laws and regulations or the adoption of new environmental laws and regulations could be substantial and could negatively impact our financial condition, profitability and results of operations.
We may need to apply for or amend facility permits or licenses from time to time with respect to storm water or wastewater discharges, waste handling, or air emissions relating to manufacturing activities or equipment operations, which subjects us to new or revised permitting conditions. These permits and authorizations may contain numerous compliance requirements, including monitoring and reporting obligations and operational restrictions, such as emission limits, which may be onerous or costly to comply with. Given the large number of facilities in which we operate, and the numerous environmental permits and other authorizations that are applicable to our operations, we may occasionally identify or be notified of technical violations of certain requirements existing in various permits or other authorizations. Occasionally, we have been assessed penalties for our non-compliance, and we could be subject to such penalties in the future.
The modification or interpretation of existing environmental, health and safety laws or regulations, the more vigorous enforcement of existing laws or regulations, or the adoption of new laws or regulations may also negatively impact oil and natural gas exploration and production, gathering and pipeline companies, including our customers, which in turn could have a negative impact on us.
Global climate change is an increased international concern and could increase operating costs or reduce the demand for our products, solutions and services.
Continuing political and social attention to the issue of global climate change has resulted in both existing and pending international agreements and national, regional or local legislation and regulatory measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions, such as cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, restrictive permitting, increased fuel efficiency standards and incentives or mandates for renewable energy. For example, in December 2015, the U.S. joined the international community at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris that prepared an agreement requiring member countries to review and represent a progression in their intended greenhouse gas emission reduction goals every five years beginning in 2020. While the U.S. withdrew from the Paris Agreement, President Biden has recommitted the U.S. to the Paris Agreement, and a significant number of U.S. state and local governments and major corporations headquartered in the U.S. have also announced an intent to honor the U.S.’s commitments. Several U.S. cities, counties and state governments have also filed lawsuits against certain oil and gas companies seeking compensatory damages and equitable relief to abate alleged climate change impacts. To date, none of these suits have been successful, and we are not a party to these proceedings. In the U.S., the EPA has also begun to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the federal Clean Air Act and regulatory agencies and legislative bodies in other countries where we operate have adopted greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. The adoption of new or more stringent legislation or regulatory programs restricting greenhouse gas emissions in any of the jurisdictions where we or our customers operate could require us to incur higher operating costs or increase the cost of, and thus reduce the demand for, the hydrocarbon products of our customers. These increased costs or reduced demand could have an adverse effect on our business, profitability or results of operations.
Scientists have concluded that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere may produce physical effects, such as increased severity and frequency of storms, droughts, floods and other climate events. To the extent there are significant changes in the Earth’s climate in the markets we serve or the areas where our assets reside, we could incur increased expenses, our operations could be materially impacted, and demand for our products, solutions and services could fall. Demand for our products, solutions and services may also be adversely affected by conservation plans and efforts undertaken in response to global climate change. Many governments also provide, or may in the future provide, tax advantages and other subsidies to support the use and development of alternative energy technologies. Our operations and the demand for our products, solutions and services or our customers’ products could be materially impacted by the development and adoption of these technologies.
Recently, activists concerned about the potential effects of climate change have directed their attention at sources of funding for companies engaged in business involving fossil fuels, which has resulted in certain financial institutions, investment funds and other sources of capital restricting or eliminating their investment in oil and natural gas activities. This could make it more difficult for us or our customers to secure funding for exploration and production or midstream energy business activities, or could adversely affect the terms of the funding that is able to be obtained, if any.
Risks Related to Our Level of Indebtedness
Our outstanding debt obligations or our ability to refinance our debt obligations at favorable rates could limit our ability to fund future growth and operations and increase our exposure to risk during adverse economic conditions.
At December 31, 2021, we had a long-term debt balance of $571.8 million. Many factors, including factors beyond our control, may affect our ability to make payments on our outstanding indebtedness or affect our ability to refinance our debt at favorable rates. These factors include those discussed elsewhere in these Risk Factors and those listed in the Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements section included in Part I of this Annual report.
Our debt and associated commitments could have important adverse consequences. For example, these commitments could:
•make it more difficult for us to satisfy our contractual obligations;
•increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•limit our ability to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, investments, acquisitions or other corporate requirements;
•increase our vulnerability to interest rate fluctuations because the interest payments on borrowings under our revolving credit facility are based upon variable interest rates and can adjust based upon certain financial covenant ratios;
•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry;
•place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or less restrictive covenants in such debt; and
•limit our ability to borrow additional funds in the future.
Covenants in our debt agreements may restrict our ability to operate our business.
Our credit agreement, consisting of a $650.0 million revolving credit facility expiring in October 2023, contains various covenants with which we, Exterran Energy Solutions, L.P. (“EESLP”), our wholly owned subsidiary, and our respective restricted subsidiaries must comply, including, but not limited to, limitations on the incurrence of indebtedness, investments, liens on assets, repurchasing equity, making distributions, transactions with affiliates, mergers, consolidations, dispositions of assets and other provisions customary in similar types of agreements. Additionally, we are required to maintain certain financial covenant ratios. If we fail to remain in compliance with these restrictions and financial covenants, we would be in default under our credit agreement. In addition, if we experience a material adverse effect on our assets, liabilities, financial condition, business or operations that, taken as a whole, impact our ability to perform our obligations under our credit agreement, this could lead to a default. A default under one of our debt agreements might trigger cross-default provisions under our other debt agreement, which would accelerate our obligation to repay our indebtedness under those agreements. If the repayment obligations on any of our indebtedness were to be accelerated, we may not be able to repay the debt or refinance the debt on acceptable terms, and our financial position would be materially adversely affected. As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under our credit agreement.
As a result of a covenant restriction included in our credit agreement, $160.4 million of the $372.8 million of undrawn capacity under our revolving credit facility was available for additional borrowings as of December 31, 2021.
Changes in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined and potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may adversely affect our results of operations.
LIBOR and certain other “benchmarks” are the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms may cause such benchmarks to perform differently than in the past or have other consequences which cannot be predicted. In particular, on July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee consisting of large U.S. financial institutions convened by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, has recommended replacing LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), an index supported by short-term Treasury repurchase agreements. On November 30, 2020, ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”), the administrator of USD LIBOR announced that it does not intend to cease publication of the remaining USD LIBOR tenors until June 30, 2023, providing additional time for existing contracts that are dependent on LIBOR to mature. It is unclear whether, at that time, LIBOR will cease to exist or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established. As of December 31, 2021, $225.0 million of the borrowings under our revolving credit facility had interest rate payments determined directly or indirectly based on LIBOR. Any uncertainty regarding the continued use and reliability of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate could adversely affect the performance of LIBOR relative to its historic values. If the methods of calculating LIBOR change from current methods for any reason, or if LIBOR ceases to perform as it has historically, our interest expense associated with our outstanding indebtedness or any future indebtedness we incur may increase. Further, when LIBOR ceases to exist, we may be forced to substitute an alternative reference rate under our revolving credit facility or rely on base rate borrowings in lieu of LIBOR-based borrowings. Although SOFR appears to be the preferred replacement rate for USD LIBOR, it is unclear if other benchmarks may emerge or if other rates will be adopted outside of the U.S. Any such alternative reference rate may increase the interest expense associated with our existing or future indebtedness. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect our borrowing costs, business and results of operations.
We may increase our debt or raise additional capital in the future, which could affect our financial condition, may decrease our profitability or could dilute our shareholders.
We may increase our debt or raise additional capital in the future, subject to restrictions in our debt agreements. If our cash flow from operations is less than we anticipate, or if our cash requirements are more than we expect, we may require more financing. However, debt or equity financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we incur additional debt or raise equity through the issuance of preferred stock, the terms of the debt or preferred stock issued may give the holders rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, particularly in the event of liquidation. The terms of the debt may also impose additional and more stringent restrictions on our operations than we currently have. If we raise funds through the issuance of additional equity, our shareholders’ ownership in us would be diluted. If we are unable to raise additional capital when needed, it could affect our financial health, which could negatively affect our shareholders.
Risks Related to the Spin-off
We are subject to continuing contingent tax liabilities of Archrock.
On November 3, 2015, we completed our spin-off (the “Spin-off”) from Archrock, Inc. (“Archrock”). In connection with the Spin-off, certain tax liabilities of Archrock may become our obligations. Pursuant to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code and the related rules and regulations, each corporation that was a member of the Archrock consolidated U.S. federal income tax reporting group during any taxable period or portion of any taxable period ending on or before the effective time of the Spin-off is jointly and severally liable for the U.S. federal income tax liability of the entire Archrock consolidated tax reporting group for that taxable period. In connection with the Spin-off, we entered into a tax matters agreement with Archrock that allocates the responsibility for prior period taxes of the Archrock consolidated tax reporting group between us and Archrock. If Archrock is unable to pay any prior period taxes for which it is responsible, we could be required to pay the entire amount of such taxes.
Our prior and continuing relationship with Archrock exposes us to risks attributable to businesses of Archrock.
Archrock is obligated to indemnify us for losses that third parties may seek to impose upon us or our affiliates for liabilities relating to the business of Archrock that are incurred through a breach of the separation and distribution agreement or any ancillary agreement by Archrock or its affiliates other than us, or losses that are attributable to Archrock in connection with the Spin-off or are not expressly assumed by us under our agreements with Archrock. Any claims made against us that are properly attributable to Archrock in accordance with these arrangements would require us to exercise our rights under our agreements with Archrock to obtain payment from Archrock. We are exposed to the risk that, in these circumstances, Archrock cannot, or will not, make the required payment.
In connection with our separation from Archrock, Archrock will indemnify us for certain liabilities, and we will indemnify Archrock for certain liabilities. If we are required to act on these indemnities to Archrock, we may need to divert cash to meet those obligations, and our financial results could be negatively impacted. In the case of Archrock’s indemnity, there can be no assurance that the indemnity will be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of such liabilities, or as to Archrock’s ability to satisfy its indemnification obligations.
Pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement and other agreements with Archrock, Archrock has agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities, and we have agreed to indemnify Archrock for certain liabilities, in each case for uncapped amounts. Under the separation and distribution agreement, we and Archrock will generally release the other party from all claims arising prior to the Spin-off that relate to the other party’s business, subject to certain exceptions. Also pursuant to the separation and distribution agreement, we have agreed to use our commercially reasonable efforts to remove Archrock as a party to certain of our contracts with third parties. In the event that Archrock remains as a party, we expect to indemnify Archrock for any liabilities relating to such contracts. Indemnities that we may be required to provide Archrock will not be subject to any cap, may be significant and could negatively impact our business, particularly indemnities relating to our actions that could impact the tax-free nature of the Spin-off.
With respect to Archrock’s agreement to indemnify us, there can be no assurance that the indemnity from Archrock will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities, or that Archrock will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from Archrock any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves. Each of these risks could negatively affect our business, cash flows, results of operations and financial condition.
General Risks Factors
The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our stock may be influenced by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:
•the inability to meet the financial estimates of analysts who follow our common stock;
•strategic actions by us or our competitors;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
•variations in our quarterly operating results and those of our competitors;
•general economic and stock market conditions;
•risks relating to our business and our industry, including those discussed above;
•changes in conditions or trends in our industry, markets or customers;
•cyber-attacks, terrorist acts or armed hostilities;
•future sales of our common stock or other securities;
•material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting; and
•investor perceptions of the investment opportunity associated with our common stock relative to other investment alternatives.
These broad market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our common stock is low.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternate forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, in each case, as amended from time to time, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have received notice of and consented to the foregoing provision. This forum selection provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable or cost-effective for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. However, this forum selection clause will not preclude or limit the scope of exclusive federal or concurrent jurisdiction for actions brought under the Exchange Act, the Securities Act or the respective rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
The following table describes the material facilities we owned or leased as of December 31, 2021:
Location
Status
Square Feet
Uses
Houston, Texas
Leased
63,693
Corporate office
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Leased
47,333
Contract operations and aftermarket services
Neuquen, Argentina
Owned
43,233
Contract operations and aftermarket services
Reynosa, Mexico
Owned
28,912
Contract operations and aftermarket services
Veracruz, Mexico
Leased
25,833
Contract operations and aftermarket services
Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Leased
22,017
Contract operations and aftermarket services
Camacari, Brazil
Owned
86,112
Contract operations
Bangkok, Thailand
Leased
51,667
Aftermarket services
Hamriyah Free Zone, UAE
Leased
212,742
Product sales
Broken Arrow, Oklahoma
Owned
145,755
Product sales
Singapore, Singapore
Leased
111,693
Product sales

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
On December 19, 2020, we initiated arbitration in the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce against Iberoamericana de Hidrocarburos, S.A. De C.V. (“IHSA”) to collect approximately $38 million owed to us under three agreements, plus future lost profits, interest, attorneys’ fees, and other damages as allowed under the contracts and/or Mexican law. The three agreements relate to contract operation services provided to IHSA by Exterran. After we stopped providing services due to IHSA’s nonpayment, on December 29, 2020, IHSA filed a lawsuit in the 129th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas, for tortious interference with a contract and prospective business relationships, claiming damages for lost profits, lost production, loss of equipment, loss of business opportunity, damage to business reputation and attorneys’ fees. On March 2, 2021, after we moved IHSA's lawsuit to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, IHSA voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit. On May 11, 2021, IHSA again filed a similar claim in the 164th Judicial District Court of Harris County, Texas, for tortious interference with a contract and prospective business relationships, seeking damage in excess of $1 million. We moved IHSA's lawsuit to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, where it is currently pending. The court granted Exterran's motion to compel arbitration and stayed the lawsuit. On April 27, 2021, IHSA answered Exterran's request for arbitration before the ICC and included a counterclaim for approximately $27 million allegedly resulting from breach of contract, operational deficiencies, lost production and lost profit. On September 13, 2021, IHSA served Exterran with a lawsuit filed with a court in Mexico seeking approximately $4.5 million for allegedly missing or damaged equipment. We filed a motion with the court in Mexico to compel IHSA to bring its claims in arbitration. Our motion remains pending before the court in Mexico. In addition, IHSA has orally threatened to draw certain bonds totalling approximately $12 million under one of the contracts for contract operation services. Based on currently available information we believe IHSA's claims are without merit. However, Exterran and IHSA's claims are in the early stages and the results cannot be predicted with certainty.
On July 5, 2021, Inesco Ingenieria & Construccion, S.A. (“Inesco”) filed a Demand for Arbitration in the ICC against Exterran Bolivia S.R.L. claiming it is owed approximately $13 million for certain goods and services allegedly provided to Exterran, delay damages, and increased expenses. Based on currently available information we believe Inesco’s claims are without merit; however, the results cannot be predicted with certainty.
On February 24, 2022, the Local Labor Board of the State of Tabasco in Mexico awarded a former employee of one of our subsidiaries approximately $119 million in connection with a dispute relating to the employee's severance pay following his termination of employment. In March 2015, one of our subsidiaries terminated the employment of this employee and paid him the undisputed portion of his severance pay. This former employee subsequently filed a claim with the Local Labor Board alleging that he is entitled to additional compensation.
We believe the order of the Local Labor Board is in error and the employee's case is completely without merit. More specifically, we believe that the Local Labor Board's errors include, but are not limited to, failing to follow established Mexican law, ignoring undisputed factual admissions of the former employee, and confusing amounts in US dollars and Mexican pesos. As a result, we
intend to appeal the order. While it is reasonably possible that we will incur some loss with respect to this matter, the Company believes that the ultimate resolution of this matter will not be material to the Company. We determined it is not probable that Exterran has incurred a loss under the applicable accounting standard (ASC Topic 450, Contingencies) as of December 31, 2021. As a result, we have not recorded a liability on the consolidated balance sheet with respect to this litigation
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various pending or threatened legal actions. While management is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these actions, it believes that any ultimate liability arising from any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation and arbitration proceedings, we cannot provide assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding to which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock symbol “EXTN.” As of February 22, 2022, there were approximately 1,702 holders of record of our common stock.
We have not paid, and we do not currently anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock. Instead, we intend to retain our future earnings to support the growth and development of our business. The declaration of any future cash dividends and, if declared, the amount of any such dividends, will be subject to our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, financial covenants, applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant. Therefore, there can be no assurance as to what level of dividends, if any, will be paid in the future.
For disclosures regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, see Part III, Item 12 (“Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters”) of this report.
Comparison of Cumulative Total Return
The performance graph below shows the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock, compared with the S&P 500 Composite Stock Price Index (the “S&P 500 Index”) and the Oilfield Service Index (the “OSX Index”) for the five fiscal years ended December 31, 2021. The results are based on an investment of $100 in each of our common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the OSX Index. The graph assumes the reinvestment of dividends and adjusts all closing prices and dividends for stock splits.
The performance graph shall not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Annual Report on Form 10-K into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under those Acts.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Repurchase of Equity Securities
The following table summarizes our repurchases of equity securities during the three months ended December 31, 2021:
Period
Total Number of
Shares Repurchased (1)
Average
Price Paid
Per Unit
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Program
Dollar Value of
Shares that may
yet to be Purchased
Under the Publicly
Announced Program
October 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021
-
$
-
-
$
57,726,011
November 1, 2021 - November 30, 2021
-
-
-
57,726,011
December 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021
-
-
-
57,726,011
Total
-
$
-
-
$
57,726,011
(1)There were no shares withheld to satisfy employees' tax withholding obligations in connection with vesting of restricted stock awards during the period.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 20, 2019, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program, under which the Company is authorized to purchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock through February 2022. The share repurchase program may be effected through a variety of methods, including open-market purchases and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans among others. The amount and timing of any repurchases will depend on general market conditions, among other factors, and may be discontinued at any time.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The table below presents certain selected historical consolidated financial information as of and for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2021. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and the selected historical consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 has been derived from our audited Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 has been derived from our financial statements not included in this report.
The results from continuing operations for all periods presented exclude the historical results of our U.S. Compression fabrication business that was sold in November 2020 and other businesses discontinued in prior periods. Those results are reflected in discontinued operations for all periods presented. The selected financial data presented below should be read together with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Financial Statements contained in this report.
Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
2019(1)
2018(1)
2017(1)
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues
$
630,245
$
613,061
$
796,011
$
906,685
$
853,459
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and
amortization expense):
353,779
351,195
481,598
554,422
521,534
Selling, general and administrative
132,510
123,406
141,733
153,191
155,724
Depreciation and amortization
175,063
145,043
158,302
119,911
103,210
Impairments
7,959
11,648
52,567
3,858
3,627
Restatement related charges (recoveries), net
-
-
-
(276
)
3,419
Restructuring and other charges
1,338
3,550
6,194
1,997
2,344
Interest expense
41,574
38,817
38,620
29,217
34,826
Gain on extinguishment of debt
-
(3,571
)
-
-
-
Other (income) expense, net
(1,292
)
(392
)
6,484
(975
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
(80,686
)
(57,616
)
(82,611
)
37,881
29,750
Provision for income taxes
30,238
28,403
25,290
39,433
22,695
Income (loss) from continuing operations
(110,924
)
(86,019
)
(107,901
)
(1,552
)
7,055
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of
tax
(1,784
)
(15,272
)
5,524
26,406
26,825
Net income (loss)
(112,708
)
(101,291
)
(102,377
)
24,854
33,880
Income (loss) from continuing operations per
common share:
Basic and diluted
$
(3.36
)
$
(2.63
)
$
(3.15
)
$
(0.04
)
$
0.20
Weighted average common shares outstanding
used in income (loss) from continuing operations
per common share:
Basic
33,041
32,750
34,283
35,433
34,959
Diluted
33,041
32,750
34,283
35,433
35,040
Other Financial Data:
Total adjusted gross margin (2)
$
276,466
$
261,866
$
314,413
$
352,263
$
331,925
EBITDA, as adjusted (2)
146,603
133,751
173,040
199,543
178,534
Capital expenditures:
Contract Operations Equipment:
Growth (3)
$
17,336
$
56,639
$
163,731
$
186,240
$
104,909
Maintenance (4)
9,119
8,055
8,753
6,616
15,691
Other
13,098
10,917
16,553
17,567
9,081
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
56,255
$
40,318
$
16,683
$
19,300
$
49,145
Working capital (5) (6)
118,309
154,718
109,278
108,746
134,048
Property, plant and equipment, net
604,957
733,222
824,194
863,229
784,930
Total assets (6)
1,179,197
1,303,491
1,418,004
1,567,054
1,460,807
Long-term debt
571,788
562,325
443,587
403,734
368,142
Total stockholders’ equity (6)
183,592
295,832
409,538
552,821
554,786
(1)During the fourth quarter of 2020, we completed the sale of our U.S. compression fabrication business and it is now reflected as discontinued operations in our financial statements for all periods presented.
(2)Total adjusted gross margin and EBITDA, as adjusted, are non-GAAP financial measures. Total adjusted gross margin and EBITDA, as adjusted, are defined, reconciled to gross margin and net income (loss), respectively, and discussed further below under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
(3)Growth capital expenditures are made to expand or to replace partially or fully depreciated assets or to expand the operating capacity or revenue generating capabilities of existing or new assets, whether through construction, acquisition or modification. The majority of our growth capital expenditures are related to contract operations projects including acquisition costs of new compressor units and processing and treating equipment and installation costs for projects that we add to our contract operations business. In addition, growth capital expenditures can include the upgrading of major components on an existing compressor unit where the current configuration of the compressor unit is no longer in demand and the compressor unit is not likely to return to an operating status without the capital expenditures. These latter expenditures substantially modify the operating parameters of the compressor unit such that it can be used in applications for which it previously was not suited.
(4)Maintenance capital expenditures are made to maintain the existing operating capacity of our assets and related cash flows further extending the useful lives of the assets. Maintenance capital expenditures are related to major overhauls of significant components of a compressor unit, such as the engine, compressor and cooler, that return the components to a “like new” condition, but do not modify the applications for which the compressor unit was designed.
(5)Working capital is defined as current assets minus current liabilities.
(6)Amounts include balance sheet data for discontinued operations.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We define adjusted gross margin as revenue less cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expense). We evaluate the performance of each of our segments based on adjusted gross margin. Total adjusted gross margin is included as a supplemental disclosure because it is a primary measure used by our management to evaluate the results of revenue and cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expense), which are key components of our operations. We believe adjusted gross margin is important because it focuses on the current operating performance of our operations and excludes the impact of the prior historical costs of the assets acquired or constructed that are utilized in those operations. Depreciation and amortization expense may not accurately reflect the costs required to maintain and replenish the operational usage of our assets and therefore may not portray the costs from current operating activity. As an indicator of our operating performance, total adjusted gross margin should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, our gross margin or our income (loss) before income taxes, each as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”). Our adjusted gross margin may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure of another company because other entities may not calculate adjusted gross margin in the same manner.
Total adjusted gross margin has certain material limitations associated with its use as compared to income (loss) before income taxes. These limitations are primarily due to the exclusion of interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense, selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense, impairments, restructuring and other charges and gain on the extinguishment of debt. Each of these excluded expenses is material to our statements of operations. Because we intend to finance a portion of our operations through borrowings, interest expense is a necessary element of our costs and our ability to generate revenue. Additionally, because we use capital assets, depreciation expense is a necessary element of our costs and our ability to generate revenue, and SG&A expenses are necessary to support our operations and required corporate activities. To compensate for these limitations, management uses total adjusted gross margin, a non-GAAP measure, as a supplemental measure to other GAAP results to provide a more complete understanding of our performance.
The following table reconciles our total gross margin to our total adjusted gross margin (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
Revenues
$
630,245
$
613,061
$
796,011
$
906,685
$
853,459
Costs of sales (excluding depreciation and
amortization expenses)
353,779
351,195
481,598
554,422
521,534
Depreciation and amortization(1)
167,793
139,107
151,716
113,815
96,643
Total gross margin
108,673
122,759
162,697
238,448
235,282
Depreciation and amortization(1)
167,793
139,107
151,716
113,815
96,643
Total adjusted gross margin
$
276,466
$
261,866
$
314,413
$
352,263
$
331,925
(1)Represents the portion only attributable to cost of sales.
We define EBITDA, as adjusted, as net income (loss) excluding income (loss) from discontinued operations (net of tax), cumulative effect of accounting changes (net of tax), income taxes, interest expense (including debt extinguishment costs), depreciation and amortization expense, impairment charges, restructuring and other charges, non-cash gains or losses from foreign currency exchange rate changes recorded on intercompany obligations, expensed acquisition costs, gain on extinguishment of debt, and other items. We believe EBITDA, as adjusted, is an important measure of operating performance because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate and compare our core operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure (interest expense from our outstanding debt), asset base (depreciation and amortization), our subsidiaries’ capital structure (non-cash gains or losses from foreign currency exchange rate changes on intercompany obligations), tax consequences, impairment charges, restructuring and other charges, expensed acquisition costs, gain on extinguishment of debt, and other items. Management uses EBITDA, as adjusted, as a supplemental measure to review current period operating performance, comparability measures and performance measures for period to period comparisons. In addition, the compensation committee has used EBITDA, as adjusted, in evaluating the performance of the Company and management and in evaluating certain components of executive compensation, including performance-based annual incentive programs. Our EBITDA, as adjusted, may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure of another company because other entities may not calculate EBITDA in the same manner.
EBITDA, as adjusted, is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income (loss), cash flows from operating activities or any other measure determined in accordance with GAAP. Items excluded from EBITDA, as adjusted, are significant and necessary components to the operation of our business and therefore, EBITDA, as adjusted, should only be used as a supplemental measure of our operating performance.
The following table reconciles our net income (loss) to EBITDA, as adjusted (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
Net income (loss)
$
(112,708
)
$
(101,291
)
$
(102,377
)
$
24,854
$
33,880
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of
tax
1,784
15,272
(5,524
)
(26,406
)
(26,825
)
Depreciation and amortization
175,063
145,043
158,302
119,911
103,210
Impairments
7,959
11,648
52,567
3,858
3,627
Restatement related charges (recoveries), net
-
-
(276
)
3,419
Restructuring and other charges
1,338
3,550
6,194
1,997
2,344
Interest expense
41,574
38,817
38,620
29,217
34,826
Gain on the extinguishment of debt
-
(3,571
)
-
-
-
(Gain) loss on currency exchange rate
remeasurement of intercompany balances
1,355
(4,120
)
(80
)
5,241
(516
)
Loss on sale of businesses
-
-
-
1,714
Penalties from Brazilian tax programs
-
-
-
-
1,763
Provision for income taxes
30,238
28,403
25,290
39,433
22,695
EBITDA, as adjusted
$
146,603
$
133,751
$
173,040
$
199,543
$
178,534
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements.

---

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements, the notes thereto, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report. The following discussion includes forward-looking statements that involve certain risks and uncertainties. See Part I (“Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”) and Part I, Item 1A (“Risk Factors”) in this report.
This section of the Form 10-K discusses the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.
Overview
We are a global systems and process company offering solutions in the oil, gas, water and power markets. We are a leader in natural gas processing and treatment and compression products, solutions, and services providing critical midstream infrastructure solutions to customers throughout the world. We provide our products, solutions, and services to a global customer base consisting of companies engaged in all aspects of the oil and natural gas industry, including large integrated oil and natural gas companies, national oil and natural gas companies, independent oil and natural gas producers and oil and natural gas processors, gatherers and pipeline operators.
We operate in three primary business lines: contract operations, aftermarket services and product sales. The nature and inherent interactions between and among our business lines provide us with opportunities to cross-sell and offer integrated product and service solutions to our customers. In our contract operations business line, we provide processing, treating, compression and water treatment services through the operation of our natural gas compression equipment, crude oil and natural gas production and process equipment and water treatment equipment for our customers. In our aftermarket services business line, we sell parts and components and provide operations, maintenance, repair, overhaul, upgrade, startup and commissioning and reconfiguration services to customers who own their own oil and natural gas compression, production, processing, treating and related equipment. In our product sales business line, we design, engineer, manufacture, install and sell equipment used in the treating and processing of crude oil, natural gas and water as well as natural gas compression packages to our customers throughout the world and for use in our contract operations business line. We also offer our customers, on either a contract operations basis or a sale basis, the engineering, design, project management, procurement and construction services necessary to incorporate our products into production, processing and compression facilities, which we refer to as integrated projects.
We have continued to work toward our strategy to be a company that leverages sustainable technology and operational excellence to provide complete systems and process solutions in energy and industrial applications. Over the past several years, we have made significant progress in this journey by taking actions to protect our core business, develop important organizational capabilities, commercialize new products, solutions, and services and implement new processes to position Exterran for success. We are focused on optimizing our portfolio of products, solutions, and services to better serve our global customers while providing a more attractive investment option for our investors. As we continue on this path, we decided that our U.S. compression fabrication business was non-core to our strategy going forward and during the third quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell the business which closed on November 2, 2020. During the third quarter of 2020, this business met the held for sale criteria and is also now reflected as discontinued operations in our financial statements for all periods presented. The U.S. compression fabrication business was previously included in our product sales segment and has been reclassified to discontinued operations in our financial statements for all periods presented. Compression revenue from sales to international customers continues to be included in our product sales segment.
Our chief operating decision maker manages business operations, evaluates performance and allocates resources based on the Company’s three primary business lines, which are also referred to as our segments. In order to more efficiently and effectively identify and serve our customer needs, we classify our worldwide operations into four geographic regions. The North America region is primarily comprised of our operations in the U.S. The Latin America region is primarily comprised of our operations in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Mexico. The Middle East and Africa region is primarily comprised of our operations in Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Nigeria and the United Arab Emirates. The Asia Pacific region is primarily comprised of our operations in China, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand.
In January 2022, we announced a business combination with Enerflex to create a premier integrated global provider of energy infrastructure. The combination is an all-share transaction pursuant to which Enerflex will acquire all of the outstanding common stock of Exterran on the basis of 1.021 Enerflex shares for each outstanding share of common stock of Exterran, resulting in approximately 124 million Enerflex common shares outstanding upon closing, representing an implied combined enterprise value of approximately $1.5 billion. The transaction value for Exterran is approximately $735 million, which represents an 18% premium to Exterran’s enterprise value as of the date of the announcement. We expect the deal to close by the second or the third quarter of 2022.
Industry Conditions and Trends
Our business environment and corresponding operating results are affected by the level of energy industry spending for the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas reserves, along with spending within the midstream space. Spending by oil and natural gas exploration and production companies and midstream providers is dependent upon these companies’ forecasts regarding the expected future supply, demand and pricing of oil and natural gas products as well as their estimates of risk-adjusted costs to find, develop, produce, transport, and treat these reserves. Although we believe our contract operations business is typically less impacted by short-term commodity prices than certain other energy products, solutions, and service providers, changes in oil and natural gas exploration and production spending normally result in changes in demand for our products, solutions and services.
Beginning in 2019, there has been a shift in the industry that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The industry has seen a structural change in the behavior of exploration and production producers and midstream providers, predominately in the U.S., but internationally as well, to change their focus from growth to one emphasizing cash flow and returns. This caused a significant reduction in their capital spending plans in order to drive incremental cash flow and has put constraints on the amount of new projects that customers sanction. In 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic created a demand shock to the system that further exacerbated the supply demand imbalance that was already taking place. As the global economy improved in 2021, commodity pricing improved due to increased demand and still constrained supplies as a result of the 2020 demand shock. Looking out into 2022, we are seeing increased interest in Exterran products and services, but the landscape is still volatile, due to the continued uncertainty around COVID-19 and its variants as well as possible geopolitical events that could impact oil and gas prices.
Our Performance Trends and Outlook
Our revenue, earnings and financial position are affected by, among other things, market conditions that impact demand and pricing for natural gas compression, oil and natural gas production and processing and produced water treatment solutions along with our customers’ decisions to use our products, solutions and services, use our competitors’ products and services or own and operate the equipment themselves.
Aggregate booking activity levels for our product sales segment in North America and international markets during the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $33.7 million, which represents a decrease of 93% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in bookings was primarily driven by a large processing plant booking in the Middle East during the first quarter of 2020. Fluctuations in the size and timing of customers’ requests for bid proposals and awards of new contracts tend to create variability in booking activity levels from period to period.
Historically, oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and the level of drilling and exploration activity in North America have been volatile. The Henry Hub spot price for natural gas was $3.82 per MMBtu at December 31, 2021, which was 62% higher than prices at December 31, 2020, and the U.S. natural gas liquid composite price was $12.15 per MMBtu for the month of October 2021, which was 111% higher than prices for the month of December 2020. In addition, the West Texas Intermediate crude oil spot price as of December 31, 2021 was 56% higher than prices at December 31, 2020. Volatility in demand for energy and in commodity prices as well as an industry trend towards disciplined capital spending and improving returns have caused timing uncertainties in demand for our products recently. Booking activity levels for our product sales segment in North America during the year ended December 31, 2021 were $24.7 million, which represents an increase of 673% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.
Longer-term fundamentals in our international markets partially depend on international oil and gas infrastructure projects, many of which are based on the longer-term plans of our customers that can be driven by their local market demand and local pricing for natural gas. As a result, we believe our international customers make decisions based more on longer-term fundamentals that may be less tied to near term commodity prices than our North American customers. Over the long term, we believe the demand for our products, solutions and services in international markets will continue, and we expect to have opportunities to grow our international businesses. Booking activity levels for our manufactured products in international markets during the year ended December 31, 2021 were $9.0 million, which represents a decrease of 98% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.
The timing of customer orders and change in activity levels by our customers is difficult to predict. As a result, our ability to project the anticipated activity booking levels for our business, and particularly our product sales segment, is limited. Given the volatility of the global energy markets and industry capital spending levels, we plan to monitor and continue to control our expense levels as necessary to protect our profitability. Additionally, volatility in commodity prices could continue to delay investments by our customers in significant projects, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our level of capital spending largely depends on the demand for our contract operations services and the equipment required to provide such services to our customers. Based on our contract operations business backlog of jobs in process and opportunities we anticipate in international markets, we expect to invest more capital in our contract operations business in 2022 than we did in 2021.
A decline in demand for oil and natural gas or prices for those commodities, or instability and rationalization of capital funding in the global energy markets may cause a reduction in demand for our products, solutions and services. We review long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangibles that are being amortized, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, including the removal of compressor units from our active fleet, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Certain Key Challenges and Uncertainties
Market conditions and competition in the oil and natural gas industry and the risks inherent in international markets continue to represent key challenges and uncertainties. In addition to these challenges, we believe the following represent some of the key challenges and uncertainties we will face in the future:
Global Energy Markets and Oil and Natural Gas Pricing. Our results of operations depend upon the level of activity in the global energy markets, including oil and natural gas development, production, processing and transportation. Oil and natural gas prices and the level of drilling and exploration activity can be volatile. If oil and natural gas exploration and development activity and the number of well completions decline due to the reduction in oil and natural gas prices or significant instability in energy markets, we would anticipate a decrease in demand and pricing for our natural gas compression and oil and natural gas production and processing equipment and services. For example, unfavorable market conditions or financial difficulties experienced by our customers may result in cancellation of contracts or the delay or abandonment of projects, which could cause our cash flows generated by our product sales and services to decline and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Execution on Larger Contract Operations and Product Sales Projects. Some of our projects are significant in size and scope, which can translate into more technically challenging conditions or performance specifications for our products, solutions and services. Contracts with our customers generally specify delivery dates, performance criteria and penalties for our failure to perform. Any failure to execute such larger projects in a timely and cost effective manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Personnel, Hiring, Training and Retention. We believe our ability to grow may be challenged by our ability to hire, train and retain qualified personnel. Although we have been able to satisfy our personnel needs thus far, retaining employees in our industry continues to be a challenge. Our ability to continue our growth will depend in part on our success in hiring, training and retaining these employees.
Impact of COVID-19 on our Business
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and created significant volatility and disruption across most industries. Efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 resulted in decreased energy demand and weakness in energy pricing in 2020. In 2021 energy demand and energy pricing improved as the world economies began to recover; demand for Exterran products began to show improvement in late 2021, and that demand improvement is expected to continue to improve in 2022.
The Company took proactive steps earlier in the first quarter of 2020 to enable and verify the ability to ensure the safety of our employees while still carrying on the majority of business functions. These steps included:
•Establishing a daily global operating process to identify, monitor and discuss impacts to our business whether originating from governmental actions or as a direct result of employee illness;
•Investing in additional IT capabilities to enable employees to work remotely;
•Closing operations where and until assessments were completed to ensure we could operate in a safe manner; and
•Reestablishing operations once safety mechanisms were in place. This included the acquisition of additional personal protective equipment and establishing screening and other workplace processes.
To date our actions in response to the pandemic and the primary impacts on our business are summarized below:
•As most of our operations are considered essential by local government authorities, our service operations that are provided under long-term contracts have to a large extent continued to operate under substantially normal conditions;
•We are following local governmental guidance for viral spread mitigation, including having many of our employees who would traditionally work in an office work from home;
•We have put in place additional health and safety measures to protect our employees, customers and other parties who are working at our operating sites;
•Although early in 2020 we recorded significant new product sales bookings, as 2020 and 2021 progressed, we saw decreased purchasing activity from our customers which we believe was due to both the work at home mitigation measures our customers are also taking and weakness in commodity prices. With the improvements in energy pricing and energy demand we expect to see improved booking activity in the near term;
•Given travel restrictions and other mitigation efforts, certain of our employees were not able to travel to work assignments, therefore although we have taken additional steps to be able to continue to provide services required by our customers, some services were delayed until mitigation measures were eased;
•While our operations have been impacted by lower product sale bookings in the recent years, we have continued our cost reduction efforts which began prior to the current pandemic. We have continued our efforts to optimize our cost structure to align with the expected demand in our business including making work force reductions;
•We evaluated our accounts receivable and given the current energy environment and expected impact to the financials of our customers, we increased our reserve for uncollectible accounts by $4.8 million at December 31, 2020. We kept the reserve for uncollectible accounts at approximately the same level at December 31, 2021;
•Given COVID-19’s impact on demand for energy and decreased commodity prices which impact our customer’s capital spending, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we tested our long-term assets for impairment and concluded that no impairment was indicated;
•As many of our suppliers increased delivery times including as a result of disruptions, we are working with customers on revising expected due-dates for delivery, and have pushed out the timing of our recognition of revenue and adjusted gross margin on certain projects as a result of these and other delays caused by the pandemic; and
•We have participated in certain COVID-19 tax incentive programs in certain jurisdictions in which we operate. These primarily allowed a delay in filing and/or paying of taxes for short periods of time. In the U.S., we filed a request for refund and received a $4.9 million Alternative Minimum Tax refund in 2020, which was earlier than originally scheduled due to the
provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). We have not participated in any government sponsored loan programs under the CARES Act.
We are unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our long-term financial position and operating results due to numerous uncertainties. The long-term impact of the pandemic on our customers and the global economy will depend on various factors, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic. A prolonged economic downturn or recession resulting from the pandemic could adversely affect many of our customers which could, in turn, adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. We will continue to assess the evolving impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and intend to make adjustments to its responses accordingly.
Summary of Results
Revenue. Revenue during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $630.2 million and $613.1 million, respectively. The increase in revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was due to an increase in revenue in the product sales segment, partially offset by a decrease in the aftermarket services segment. The increase in our product sales segment was primarily due to increases in processing and treating revenue, partially offset by decreases in compression revenue. The decrease in aftermarket services revenue was primarily due to decreases in revenue in operation and maintenance and overhaul services in the Latin America and Middle East and Africa regions
Net income (loss). We generated a net loss of $112.7 million and $101.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in net loss during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to increases in depreciation and amortization expense, SG&A expense and interest expense, a decrease in adjusted gross margin of our aftermarket service and contract operations segment and a decrease in gain on extinguishment of debt. This was partially offset by an increase in adjusted gross margin for our product sales segment and decreases in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, impairment expense and restructuring expense. Net loss during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included losses from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $1.8 million and $15.3 million, respectively.
EBITDA, as adjusted. Our EBITDA, as adjusted, was $146.6 million and $133.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. EBITDA, as adjusted, during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 increased primarily due to an increase in adjusted gross margin in our product sales segment and an increase in other income. This was partially offset by an increase in SG&A and decreases in adjusted gross margin in our contract operations and aftermarket services segments.
EBITDA, as adjusted, is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a reconciliation of EBITDA, as adjusted, to net income (loss), its most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, please read Part II, Item 6 (“Selected Financial Data - Non-GAAP Financial Measures”) of this report.
As discussed in Note 5 to the Financial Statements, the results from continuing operations for all periods presented exclude the results of our Belleli EPC business and U.S. compression fabrication business. Those results are reflected in discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Results by Business Segment. The following table summarizes revenue, adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin percentages for each of our business segments (dollars in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
Revenue:
Contract Operations
$
338,507
$
338,423
Aftermarket Services
109,033
113,246
Product Sales(1)
182,705
161,392
Total Revenue
$
630,245
$
613,061
Segment Adjusted Gross Margin: (2)
Contract Operations
$
228,947
$
233,041
Aftermarket Services
23,839
25,531
Product Sales(1)
23,680
3,294
Total Adjusted Gross Margin
$
276,466
$
261,866
Segment Adjusted Gross Margin Percentage: (3)
Contract Operations
%
%
Aftermarket Services
%
%
Product Sales(3)
%
%
(1)The compression fabrication business for sales to U.S. customers, which was previously included in our product sales segment, is now included in discontinued operations.
(2)Segment adjusted gross margin is defined as revenue less cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) broken out by the different segments. We evaluate the performance of each of our segments based on adjusted gross margin.
(3)Segment adjusted gross margin percentage is defined as segment adjusted gross margin divided by segment revenue.
Operating Highlights
The following table summarizes the expected timing of revenue recognition from our contract operations backlog (in thousands):
December 31,
Contract Operations Backlog: (1)
$
260,062
263,526
239,660
218,224
178,879
Thereafter
239,507
Total contract operations backlog
$
1,399,858
(1) As of December 31, 2021, the total value of our contract operations backlog accounted for as operating leases was approximately $495 million, of which $44 million is expected to be recognized in 2022, $104 million is expected to be recognized in 2023, $94 million is expected to be recognized in 2024 and $80 million is expected to be recognized in 2025. Contract operations revenues recognized as operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $35 million.
The following table summarizes our product sales backlog (in thousands):
December 31,
Product Sales Backlog: (1)
Processing and treating equipment
$
289,718
$
425,292
Compression equipment(2)
4,036
10,218
Other product sales
22,616
29,835
Total product sales backlog
$
316,370
$
465,345
(1)We expect that approximately $197 million of our product sales backlog as of December 31, 2021 will be recognized as revenue before December 31, 2022.
(2)Compression equipment includes sales to customers outside of the U.S. The U.S. compression fabrication business that was previously included in our product sales segment, is now included in discontinued operations.
Results of Operations
The Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Contract Operations
(dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
Change
% change
Revenue
$
338,507
$
338,423
$
%
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization
expense)
109,560
105,382
4,178
%
Adjusted gross margin
$
228,947
$
233,041
$
(4,094
)
(2
)%
Adjusted gross margin percentage
%
%
(1
)%
(1
)%
Revenue remained flat during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Revenue increased by $13.2 million for the start-up of a new project in the Middle East and Africa region and by $24.8 million primarily driven by an increase of deferred revenue recognized resulting from a change in the remaining term of a contract in the third quarter of 2020 and the early termination of a contract in the current year period. These increases were offset by approximately $30.9 million in contract stops and $7.5 million from the sale of equipment. The increase in costs is primarily due to labor rate adjustments in Argentina during the current year period. Adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin percentage decreased during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to the cost increases explained above.
Aftermarket Services
(dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
Change
% change
Revenue
$
109,033
$
113,246
$
(4,213
)
(4
)%
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization
expense)
85,194
87,715
(2,521
)
(3
)%
Adjusted gross margin
$
23,839
$
25,531
$
(1,692
)
(7
)%
Adjusted gross margin percentage
%
%
(1
)%
(4
)%
The decrease in revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to a decrease in operation and maintenance and overhaul services in the Latin America and Middle East and Africa regions, partially offset by an increase in part sales in the Latin America and Asia Pacific regions. Adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin percentage during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased primarily due to the product mix with part sales historically having lower margins than other areas of our aftermarket services business.
Product Sales
(dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
Change
% change
Revenue
$
182,705
$
161,392
$
21,313
%
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization
expense)
159,025
158,098
%
Adjusted gross margin
$
23,680
$
3,294
$
20,386
%
Adjusted gross margin percentage
%
%
%
%
The increase in revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to an increase of $92.8 million in processing and treating equipment revenue, partially offset by a decrease of $69.3 million in compression revenue. The increase in processing and treating equipment revenue was due to projects in the Middle East and Africa region partially offset by a decrease in the North America region due to less activity. The decrease in compression revenue was mainly due to a decrease in revenue in the Middle East and Africa region in the current year period and the completion of projects in the Asia Pacific region during the first quarter of 2021. Adjusted gross margin increased during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 due to higher expenses on a specific project in the prior year period. Adjusted gross margin percentage increase during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 due to the higher expenses discussed above during the prior year period and a shift in product mix during the current year period.
Costs and Expenses
(dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
Change
% change
Selling, general and administrative
$
132,510
$
123,406
$
9,104
%
Depreciation and amortization
175,063
145,043
30,020
%
Impairments
7,959
11,648
(3,689
)
(32
)%
Restructuring and other charges
1,338
3,550
(2,212
)
(62
)%
Interest expense
41,574
38,817
2,757
%
Gain on extinguishment of debt
-
(3,571
)
3,571
(100
)%
Other (income) expense, net
(1,292
)
(1,881
)
(319
)%
Selling, general and administrative
SG&A expense increased during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to increases in compensation, legal and network related expenses in the current year period. SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue was 21% and 20% during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 increased primarily due to approximately $23.7 million of additional depreciation expense recognized in the current year period on two contract operations projects due to changes in the remaining terms of a contract during the third quarter of 2020 and the early termination of a contract in the current year period; and approximately $8.1 million in depreciation for equipment on a contract operations project that was not operating in the prior year period.
Impairments
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we determined that there was no visibility to continuing a contract with a customer in the Latin America region. This contract included installation costs, deferred start-up costs and demobilization costs that were previously capitalized where it is highly unlikely we will generate future cash flows. As a result, we recorded an $8.0 million asset impairment to reduce the book value of these assets to zero, which is its estimated fair value as of December 31, 2021.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, in an effort to generate cash from idle assets and reduce holding costs, we reviewed the future deployment of our idle assets used in our contract operations segment for units that were not of the type, configuration, condition, make or model that are cost efficient to maintain and operate. Based on this review, we determined that certain idle compressor units and other assets would be retired from future service. The retirement of these units from the active fleet triggered a review of these assets for impairment. As a result, we recorded a $10.0 million asset impairment to reduce the book value of each unit to its estimated fair value during the year ended December 31, 2020. The fair value of each unit was estimated based on either the expected net sale proceeds compared to other fleet units we recently sold and/or a review of other units recently offered for sale by third parties, or the estimated component value or scrap value of each compressor unit.
During the third quarter of 2020, we impaired certain assets in Argentina due to the termination of a contract operations project where it was not cost effective to move the assets and try to utilize them with a different customer. As a result, we removed them from the fleet and recorded an impairment of $1.7 million to write-down these assets to their approximate fair values for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Restructuring and other charges
The energy industry’s focus on capital discipline and improving returns has caused delays in the timing of new equipment orders. As a result, in the third quarter of 2019, we announced a cost reduction plan primarily focused on workforce reductions. We incurred restructuring and other charges associated with these activities of $0.2 million and $3.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
In January 2022, Enerflex and Exterran announced a proposed merger to create an integrated global provider of energy infrastructure. As a result of this deal, we have already started incurring legal and other costs and will continue to incur such costs until the deal is finalized, which we expect to happen in the second or third quarter of 2022. We incurred restructuring and other charges associated with these activities of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. These charges are reflected as restructuring and other charges in our statements of operations and accrued liabilities on our balance sheets. We estimate the total restructuring charges related to this plan will be approximately $15-20 million and represents our best estimate based on the facts and circumstances known at this time.
Interest expense
The increase in interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to a higher average balance of long-term debt. During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the average daily outstanding borrowings of long-term debt were $582.1 million and $511.0 million, respectively.
Extinguishment of debt
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we purchased and retired $25.0 million principal amount of our 8.125% senior unsecured notes due 2025 (the “2017 Notes”) for $21.5 million including $0.3 million of accrued interest. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of $3.6 million, which was calculated as the difference between the repurchase price and the carrying amount of the 8.125% senior unsecured notes due 2025, partially offset by $0.2 million in related deferred financing costs.
Other (income) expense, net
The change in other (income) expense, net, was primarily due to an increase of $10.1 million in interest income in the current year period. This is partially offset by foreign currency losses of $11.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to foreign currency losses of $5.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 as well as an increase of $3.4 million in derivative losses in the current year period.
Income Taxes
(dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
Change
% change
Provision for income taxes
$
30,238
$
28,403
$
1,835
%
Effective tax rate
(37.5
)%
(49.3
)%
11.8
%
(24
)%
Our effective tax rate is affected by recurring items, such as tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amounts of income we earn, or losses we incur, in those jurisdictions. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year but are not consistent from year to year. Our effective tax rate is also affected by valuation allowances recorded against loss carryforwards in the U.S. and certain other jurisdictions, foreign withholding taxes and changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
For the year ended December 31, 2021:
•A $6.8 million increase (8.4% decrease) resulting from negative impacts of foreign currency devaluations primarily from Argentina.
•A $11.5 million increase (14.2% decrease) resulting from the addition of valuation allowances primarily recorded against certain net operating losses of our foreign subsidiaries, partially offset by a release of valuation allowance recorded against U.S. foreign tax credits.
•A $10.9 million increase (13.5% decrease) resulting from expiration of unutilized foreign tax credits.
•A $3.9 million increase (4.8% decrease) related to unrecognized tax benefits in 2021.
•A $2.5 million decrease (3.1% increase) resulting from differences in income tax rates for international operations as compared to U.S. taxes at 21%.
•A $6.6 million increase (8.2% decrease) related to nondeductible expenses.
•A $3.8 million increase (4.7% decrease) related to return-to-provision adjustments
•A $3.0 million increase (3.7% decrease) related to deemed and actual distributions.
•A $3.2 million increase (4.0% decrease) related to withholding taxes net of U.S. benefit.
For the year ended December 31, 2020:
•A $11.6 million increase (20.1% decrease) resulting from negative impacts of foreign currency devaluations primarily from Argentina.
•A $13.3 million decrease (23.1% increase) resulting from the release of valuation allowances primarily recorded against U.S. federal net operating losses, other deferred tax assets and certain net operating losses of our foreign subsidiaries.
•A $12.6 million increase (21.9% decrease) resulting from expiration of unutilized foreign tax credits.
•A $10.1 million increase (17.5% decrease) related to unrecognized tax benefits in 2020.
•A $4.1 million increase (7.1% decrease) resulting from differences in income tax rates for international operations as compared to U.S. taxes at 21%.
Discontinued Operations
(dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
Change
% change
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
(1,784
)
$
(15,272
)
$
13,488
(88
)%
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, includes our Belleli EPC business and our U.S. compression fabrication business.
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased due to a $16.4 million decrease in loss from U.S. compression partially offset by changes in Belleli EPC. The decrease in loss in U.S. compression fabrication business was primarily driven by the decrease in activity for the business and $6.5 million impairment recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020. For further details on our discontinued operations, see Note 5 to the Financial Statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our unrestricted cash balance was $56.3 million at December 31, 2021 compared to $40.3 million at December 31, 2020. Working capital decreased to $118.3 million at December 31, 2021 from $154.7 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivables and an increase in accrued liabilities, partially offset by a decrease in contract liabilities and an increase in cash. The decrease in accounts receivables was due to the timing of payments from customers. The increase in accrued liabilities was due to an increase in activity in the Middle East and Africa region as well as increases in demobilization liabilities and compensation related expenses. The decrease in contract liabilities was primarily due to progression on a specific project in the Middle East and Africa region. The increase in cash was primarily due to increases in operating and financing activities partially offset by decreases in investing activities and activities related to our discontinued operations.
Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the statements of cash flows, are summarized in the following table (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations:
Operating activities
$
49,911
$
4,959
Investing activities
(36,156
)
(75,295
)
Financing activities
9,586
119,502
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(435
)
(566
)
Discontinued operations
(4,583
)
(21,574
)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
18,323
$
27,026
Operating Activities. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to the changes in assets and liabilities, which resulted in $35.6 million used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $73.4 million used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2020. Asset and liability cash changes during the year ended December 31, 2021 included an increase of $43.1 million in contract assets, a decrease of $24.5 million of contract liabilities and an increase in accounts payable and other liabilities of $26.2 million. Asset and liability cash changes during the year ended December 31, 2020 included a decrease of $34.8 million in contract liabilities, an increase of $24.8 million in accounts receivables and an increase of $23.0 million in contract assets.
Investing Activities. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to a $36 million decrease in capital expenditures. The decrease in capital expenditures was primarily driven by the timing of awards and growth capital expenditures for new contract operations projects.
Financing Activities. The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to a decrease in net borrowings of $112.7 million on our long-term debt.
Discontinued Operations. The decrease in net cash used in discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to a decrease in activity related to our U.S. compression fabrication business.
Capital Requirements. Our contract operations business is capital intensive, requiring significant investment to maintain and upgrade existing operations. Our capital spending is primarily dependent on the demand for our contract operations services and the availability of the type of equipment required for us to render those contract operations services to our customers. Our capital requirements have consisted primarily of, and we anticipate will continue to consist of, the following:
•growth capital expenditures, which are made to expand or to replace partially or fully depreciated assets or to expand the operating capacity or revenue generating capabilities of existing or new assets, whether through construction, acquisition or modification; and
•maintenance capital expenditures, which are made to maintain the existing operating capacity of our assets and related cash flows further extending the useful lives of the assets.
The majority of our growth capital expenditures are related to installation costs on contract operations services projects and acquisition costs of new compressor units and processing and treating equipment that we add to our contract operations fleet. In addition, growth capital expenditures can include the upgrading of major components on an existing compressor unit where the current configuration of the compressor unit is no longer in demand and the compressor unit is not likely to return to an operating status without the capital expenditures. These latter expenditures substantially modify the operating parameters of the compressor unit such that it can be used in applications for which it previously was not suited. Maintenance capital expenditures are related to major overhauls of significant components of a compressor unit, such as the engine, compressor and cooler, that return the components to a “like new” condition, but do not modify the applications for which the compressor unit was designed.
Growth capital expenditures were $17.3 million and $56.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in growth capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to the timing of awards for new contract operations projects.
Maintenance capital expenditures were $9.1 million and $8.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in maintenance capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily driven by increased overhaul activities due to delayed discretionary spending during 2020.
We generally invest funds necessary to manufacture contract operations fleet additions when our idle equipment cannot be reconfigured to economically fulfill a project’s requirements and the new equipment expenditure is expected to generate economic returns over its expected useful life that exceeds our targeted return on capital. We currently plan to spend approximately $195 million to $210 million in capital expenditures during 2022, including (1) approximately $175 million to $185 million on contract operations growth capital expenditures based on contracts currently in our backlog and (2) approximately $20 million to $25 million on equipment maintenance capital related to our contract operations business and other capital expenditures. These capital expenditures are expected to be funded through upfront payments from customers for which the capital is being spent and additional borrowing on our revolver where necessary.
Historically, we have financed capital expenditures with a combination of net cash provided by operating and financing activities. Our ability to access the capital markets may be restricted at the time when we would like, or need, to do so, which could have an adverse impact on the cost and access to capital and our ability to maintain our operations and to grow. For example, COVID-19 disrupted the broader financial markets and the capital markets for energy service related companies continue to be impacted. If any of our lenders become unable to perform their obligations under the Credit Agreement, our borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility could be reduced. Inability to borrow additional amounts under our revolving credit facility could limit our ability to fund our future
growth and operations. Based on current market conditions, we expect that net cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to finance our operating expenditures, capital expenditures and other contractual cash obligations, including our debt obligations. However, if net cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our revolving credit facility are not sufficient, we may seek additional debt or equity financing.
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and financial markets and created significant volatility and disruption across most industries. Efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have also resulted in volatile energy demand and energy pricing. There has been recovery in the global economy, supply chains and energy demand and pricing, but the possible future impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our customers and our long-term future results of operations and overall financial condition remains uncertain.
Long-Term Debt. We and our wholly owned subsidiary, EESLP, are parties to an amended and restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) consisting of a $650.0 million revolving credit facility expiring in October 2023.
During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the average daily borrowings of long-term debt were $582.1 million and $511.0 million respectively. The weighted average annual interest rate on outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was 3.1% and 3.2%, respectively. LIBOR and certain other “benchmarks” are the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. In particular, on July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee consisting of large U.S. financial institutions convened by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, has recommended replacing LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), an index supported by short-term Treasury repurchase agreements. On November 30, 2020, ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”), the administrator of USD LIBOR announced that it does not intend to cease publication of the remaining USD LIBOR tenors until June 30, 2023, providing additional time for existing contracts that are dependent on LIBOR to mature. It is unclear whether, at that time, LIBOR will cease to exist or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established. Central banks and regulators in a number of major jurisdictions (for example, U.S., United Kingdom, European Union, Switzerland, and Japan) have convened working groups to find and implement the transition to suitable replacement benchmarks. We are continuing to evaluate and monitor financial and non-financial impacts and risks that may result when LIBOR rates are no longer published.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $52.2 million in outstanding letters of credit under our revolving credit facility and, taking into account guarantees through outstanding letters of credit, we had undrawn capacity of $372.8 million under our revolving credit facility. Our Amended Credit Agreement limits our Total debt to EBITDA ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) on the last day of the fiscal quarter to no greater than 4.50 to 1.0. As a result of this limitation, $160.4 million of the $372.8 million of undrawn capacity under our revolving credit facility was available for additional borrowings as of December 31, 2021.
The Amended Credit Agreement contains various covenants with which we, EESLP and our respective restricted subsidiaries must comply, including, but not limited to, limitations on the incurrence of indebtedness, investments, liens on assets, repurchasing equity, making distributions, transactions with affiliates, mergers, consolidations, dispositions of assets and other provisions customary in similar types of agreements. We are required to maintain, on a consolidated basis, a minimum interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of 2.25 to 1.00; a maximum total leverage ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of 4.50 to 1.00; and a maximum senior secured leverage ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of 2.75 to 1.00. As of December 31, 2021, Exterran Corporation maintained a 6.5 to 1.0 interest coverage ratio, a 3.5 to 1.0 total leverage ratio and an 1.4 to 1.0 senior secured leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement.
In April 2017, our 100% owned subsidiaries EESLP and EES Finance Corp. issued the 2017 Notes, which consisted of $375.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes which have $350 million outstanding as of December 31, 2021. The 2017 Notes are guaranteed by us on a senior unsecured basis.
We may redeem all or a portion of the 2017 Notes at redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) equal to 102.031% for the twelve-month period beginning on May 1, 2022 and 100.000% for the twelve-month period beginning on May 1, 2023 and at any time thereafter, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the applicable redemption date of the 2017 Notes.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we purchased and retired $25.0 million principal amount of our 2017 Notes for $21.5 million (including $0.3 million of accrued interest) resulting in a gain on extinguishment of debt of $3.6 million. The gain was calculated as the difference between the repurchase price and the carrying amount of the 2017 Notes, partially offset by $0.2 million in related deferred financing costs. The gain on extinguishment of debt is included as a separate item in our statements of operations.
We may from time to time seek to retire, extend or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such extensions, repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
Unrestricted Cash. Of our $56.3 million unrestricted cash balance at December 31, 2021, $55.9 million was held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. In the event of a distribution of earnings to the U.S. in the form of dividends, we may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. We do not believe that the cash held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries has an adverse impact on our liquidity because we expect that the cash we generate in the U.S., the available borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and the repayment of intercompany liabilities from our non-U.S. subsidiaries will be sufficient to fund the cash needs of our U.S. operations for the foreseeable future.
Share Repurchase Program. On February 20, 2019, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to purchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock through February 2022. The timing and method of any repurchases under the program will depend on a variety of factors, including prevailing market conditions among others. Purchases under the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and we have no obligation to repurchase any amount of our common shares under the program. Shares of common stock acquired through the repurchase program are held in treasury at cost. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares under this program. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we did not repurchase any shares under this program. As of December 31, 2021, the remaining authorized repurchase amount under the share repurchase program was $57.7 million.
Dividends. We do not currently anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain our future earnings to support the growth and development of our business. The declaration of any future cash dividends and, if declared, the amount of any such dividends, will be subject to our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, financial covenants, applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.
Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information
In April 2017, our 100% owned subsidiaries EESLP and EES Finance Corp. (together, the “Issuers”) issued the 2017 Notes, which consisted of $375.0 million aggregate principal amount senior unsecured notes which have $350.0 million outstanding as of December 31, 2021. The 2017 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several senior unsecured basis by Exterran Corporation (“Parent”). The 2017 Notes and Parent’s guarantee are:
•Senior unsecured obligations of each of the Issuers and the Parent, as applicable;
•Equal in right of payment with all of the existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior unsecured guarantees of each of the Issuers and the Parent, as applicable;
•Senior in right of payment to all subordinated indebtedness and subordinated guarantees of each of the Issuers and the Parent, as applicable;
•Effectively junior in right of payment to all existing and future secured indebtedness and secured guarantees of each of the Issuers and the Parent, as applicable, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness or guarantees; and
•Structurally junior in right of payment to all existing and future indebtedness, guarantees and other liabilities (including trade payables) and any preferred equity of each of the Parent’s subsidiaries (other than the Issuers) that are not guarantors of the 2017 Notes.
Parent’s guarantee will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon (i) the merger of the Parent into the Issuers, (ii) a legal defeasance, covenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the indenture governing the 2017 Notes or (iii) the liquidation or dissolution of the Parent, provided in each case no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing under the indenture governing the 2017 Notes.
Federal bankruptcy and state fraudulent transfer laws permit a court to void all or a portion of the obligations of the Parent pursuant to its guarantee, or to subordinate the Parent’s obligations under its guarantee to claims of the Parent’s other creditors, reducing or eliminating the ability to recover under the guarantee. Although laws differ among jurisdictions, in general, under applicable fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws, the guarantee could be voided as a fraudulent transfer or conveyance if (i) the guarantee was incurred with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or (ii) the Parent received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for incurring the guarantee and either (x) the Parent was insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of the incurrence of the guarantee or subsequently became insolvent for other reasons, (y) the incurrence of the guarantee left the Parent with an unreasonably small amount of capital to carry on the business, or (z) the Parent intended to, or believed that it would, incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. A court would likely find that Parent did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for its guarantee if it determined that the Parent did not substantially benefit directly or indirectly from the issuance of the 2017 Notes. If a court were to void a guarantee, noteholders would no longer have a claim against the Parent. In addition, the court might direct noteholders to repay any amounts that you already received from the Parent. Parent’s guarantee contains a provision intended to limit the Parent’s liability under the guarantee to the maximum amount that the Parent could incur without causing the incurrence of obligations under its guarantee to be deemed a fraudulent transfer. This provision may not be effective to protect the guarantee from being voided under fraudulent transfer law.
All consolidated subsidiaries of Exterran other than the Issuers are collectively referred to as the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.” The 2017 Notes are structurally subordinated to any indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of any of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. The Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due pursuant to the 2017 Notes, or to make any funds available therefor, whether by dividends, loans, distributions or other payments. Holders of the 2017 Notes will have no claim as a creditor against any Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. In the event of bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of any of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, such subsidiaries will pay current outstanding obligations to the holders of their debt and their trade creditors before they will be able to distribute any of their assets to the Parent or the Issuers. As a result, in the context of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, holders of the 2017 Notes would likely receive less, ratably, than holders of indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables of such entities).
The Parent and EESLP are also parties to our credit agreement, which covenants with which the Parent, EESLP and our respective restricted subsidiaries must comply, including, but not limited to, limitations on the incurrence of indebtedness, investments, liens on assets, repurchasing equity, making distributions, transactions with affiliates, mergers, consolidations, dispositions of assets and other provisions customary in similar types of agreements. These covenants may impact the ability of the Parent and EESLP to repay the 2017 Notes or amounts owing under Parent’s guarantee.
Summarized Financial Information (in thousands)
As a result of the Parent’s guarantee, we are presenting the following summarized financial information for the Issuers’ and Parent (collectively referred to as the “Obligated Group”) pursuant to Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X, Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities Registered or Being Registered. For purposes of the following summarized financial information, transactions between the Parent and the Issuers, presented on a combined basis, have been eliminated and information for the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries have been excluded. Amounts due from or due to the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and other related parties, as applicable, have been separately presented within the summarized financial information.
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Summarized Statement of Operations:
Revenues(1)
$
106,737
Cost of sales(1)
70,972
Loss from continuing operations
(217,696
)
Net loss
(219,822
)
(1)Includes $48.5 million of revenue and $15.4 million of cost of sales for intercompany sales from the Obligated Group the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries during the year ended December 31, 2021.
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Summarized Balance Sheet:
ASSETS
Intercompany receivables due from non-guarantors
$
184,071
$
206,267
Total current assets
306,396
334,675
Total long-term assets
189,508
230,334
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Intercompany payables due to non-guarantors
$
337,898
$
362,221
Total current liabilities
422,162
439,707
Long-term liabilities
622,040
613,994
Contractual Obligations. The following table summarizes our cash contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):
Total
2023-2024
2025-2026
Thereafter
Debt:(1)
Revolving credit facility due October 2023
$
225,000
$
-
$
225,000
$
-
$
-
8.125% senior notes due May 2025 (2)
350,000
-
-
350,000
-
Other debt
1,397
1,397
-
-
-
Total debt
576,397
1,397
225,000
350,000
-
Interest on debt
115,910
38,696
65,286
11,928
-
Purchase commitments
39,290
27,640
11,606
-
Facilities and other operating leases
39,958
6,585
10,256
9,182
13,935
Total contractual obligations
$
771,555
$
74,318
$
312,148
$
371,154
$
13,935
(1)For more information on our debt, see Note 10 to the Financial Statements.
(2)Amounts represent the full face value of the 2017 Notes and do not include unamortized debt financing costs of $3.2 million as of December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, $34.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits (including discontinued operations) have been recorded as liabilities in accordance with the accounting standard for income taxes related to uncertain tax positions, and we are uncertain as to if or when such amounts may be settled. Related to these unrecognized tax benefits, we have also recorded a liability for potential penalties and interest (including discontinued operations) of $2.9 million.
Indemnifications. In conjunction with, and effective as of the completion of, the Spin-off, we entered into the separation and distribution agreement with Archrock, which governs, among other things, the treatment between Archrock and us relating to certain aspects of indemnification, insurance, confidentiality and cooperation. Generally, the separation and distribution agreement provides for cross-indemnities principally designed to place financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of our business with us and financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of Archrock’s business with Archrock. Pursuant to the agreement, we and Archrock will generally release the other party from all claims arising prior to the Spin-off that relate to the other party’s business, subject to certain exceptions. Additionally, in conjunction with, and effective as of the completion of, the Spin-off, we entered into the tax matters agreement with Archrock. Under the tax matters agreement and subject to certain exceptions, we are generally liable for, and indemnify Archrock against, taxes attributable to our business, and Archrock is generally liable for, and indemnify us against, all taxes attributable to its business. We are generally liable for, and indemnify Archrock against, 50% of certain taxes that are not clearly attributable to our business or Archrock’s business. Any payment made by us to Archrock, or by Archrock to us, is treated by all parties for tax purposes as a nontaxable distribution or capital contribution, respectively, made immediately prior to the Spin-off.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2021, we had no material off balance sheet arrangements. In addition to guarantees issued under our credit facility, we have agreements with financial institutions under which approximately $47.4 million of letters of credit or bank guarantees were outstanding as of December 31, 2021. These are put in place in certain situations to guarantee our performance obligations under contracts with counterparties.
Effects of Inflation
Our revenues and results of operations have not been materially impacted by inflation in the past three fiscal years.
Critical Accounting Policies, Practices and Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and accounting policies, including those related to bad debt, inventories, accrued demobilization costs, fixed assets, intangible assets, income taxes, revenue recognition, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of this process form the basis of our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and these differences can be material to our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. See Note 2 to our Financial Statement for a summary of significant accounting policies.
Allowances and Reserves
We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The determination of the collectability of amounts due from our customers requires us to use estimates and make judgments regarding future events and trends, including monitoring our customers’ payment history and current creditworthiness to determine that collectibility is reasonably assured, as well as consideration of the overall business climate in which our customers operate. Inherently, these uncertainties require us to make judgments and estimates regarding our customers’ ability to pay amounts due to us in order to determine the appropriate amount of valuation allowances required for doubtful accounts. We review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. We determine the allowance needed based on historical write-off experience and by evaluating significant balances aged greater than 90 days individually for collectibility. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded bad debt expense of $1.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively. The decrease in bad debt expenses during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to increased impact of energy prices and COVID-19 on our customers in 2020. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately 6% and 5% of our gross accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Inventory
Inventory is a significant component of current assets and is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. This requires us to record provisions and maintain reserves for obsolete and slow moving inventory. To determine these reserve amounts, we regularly review inventory quantities on hand and compare them to historical demand and management estimates of market conditions and production requirements. These estimates and forecasts inherently include uncertainties and require us to make judgments regarding potential outcomes. We recorded inventory write-downs for obsolete or slow moving inventory of $2.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Significant or unanticipated changes to our estimates and forecasts could impact the amount and timing of any additional provisions for obsolete or slow moving inventory that may be required. Our write-downs for obsolete and slow moving inventory was approximately 2% of our inventory balance at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Accrued Demobilization Costs
The majority of our contract operations services contracts contain contractual requirements for us to perform demobilization activities at the end of the contract, with the scope of those activities varying by contract. Demobilization activities typically include, among other requirements, civil work and the removal of our equipment and installation from the customer’s site. Demobilization activities represent costs to fulfill obligations under our contracts and are not considered distinct within the context of our contract operations services contracts. Accrued demobilization costs are recorded, if applicable, at the time we become contractually obligated to perform these activities, which generally occurs upon our completion of the installation and commissioning of our equipment at the customer’s site. We record accrued demobilization costs as a liability and an equivalent demobilization asset as a capitalized fulfillment cost. As of December 31, 2021, we had current and long-term accrued demobilization costs liability balances of $25.5 million and $25.6 million, respectively. Accrued demobilization costs are subsequently increased by interest accretion throughout the expected term of the contract. As of December 31, 2021, we had capitalized fulfillment cost demobilization assets of $9.5 million. Demobilization assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the contract. Any difference between the actual costs realized for the demobilization activities and the estimated liability established are recognized in our statement of operations.
Accrued demobilization costs recorded represent the fair value of the estimated cost for future demobilization activities. The initial obligation is measured at its estimated fair value using various judgments and assumptions. Fair value is calculated using an expected present value technique that is based on assumptions of market participants and estimated demobilization costs in current period dollars that are inflated to the anticipated demobilization date and then discounted back to the date the demobilization obligations are expected to be incurred. Changes in assumptions and estimates included within the calculations of the value of the accrued demobilization costs could result in significantly different results than those identified and recorded in our financial statements. In future periods, we may also make adjustments to accrued demobilization costs as a result of the availability of new information, contract amendments, technology changes, changes in labor costs and other factors.
Accrued demobilization costs are based on a number of assumptions requiring professional judgment. These include estimates for: (1) expected future cash flows related to contractual obligations; (2) anticipated timing of the expected cash flows; (3) our credit-adjusted risk free rate that considers our estimated credit rating; (4) the market risk premiums; and (5) relevant inflation factors. If the expected future cash flows relating to our estimated accrued demobilization costs had been higher or lower by 10% in 2021, accrued demobilization costs would have decreased or increased by approximately $10.9 million at December 31, 2021. We are unable to predict the type of revisions to these assumptions that will be required in future periods due to the availability of additional information, contract amendments, technology changes, the price of labor costs and other factors.
Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed on a straight-line basis using estimated useful lives and salvage values, including idle assets in our active fleet. The assumptions and judgments we use in determining the estimated useful lives and salvage values of our property, plant and equipment reflect both historical experience and expectations regarding future use of our assets. We periodically analyze our estimates of useful lives of our property, plant and equipment to determine if the depreciable periods and salvage values continue to be appropriate. The use of different estimates, assumptions and judgments in the establishment of property, plant and equipment accounting policies, especially those involving their useful lives, would likely result in significantly different net book values of our assets and results of operations.
Long-Lived Assets
We review long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangibles that are being amortized, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, including the removal of compressor units from active service, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Compressor units in our active fleet that were idle as of December 31, 2021 comprise a net book value of approximately $55.1 million. The determination that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable requires us to make judgments regarding long-term forecasts of future revenue and costs related to the assets subject to review. For idle compression units that are removed from the active fleet and that will be sold to third parties as working compression units, significant assumptions include forecasted sale prices based on future market conditions and demand, forecasted costs to maintain the assets until sold and the forecasted length of time necessary to sell the assets. These forecasts are uncertain as they require significant assumptions about future market conditions. Significant and unanticipated changes to these assumptions could require a provision for impairment in a future period. Given the nature of these evaluations and their application to specific assets and specific times, it is not possible to reasonably quantify the impact of changes in these assumptions. An impairment loss may exist when estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. When necessary, an impairment loss is recognized and represents the excess of the asset’s carrying value as compared to its estimated fair value and is charged to the period in which the impairment occurred.
Income Taxes
Our income tax provision, deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. We operate in approximately 25 countries and, as a result, we and our subsidiaries file consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in numerous state and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining our consolidated income tax provision.
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations. In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results adjusted for the results of discontinued operations and changes in accounting policies and incorporate assumptions including the amount of future U.S. federal, state and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax-planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years of cumulative operating income (loss).
The accounting standard for income taxes provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, on the basis of the technical merits. In addition, guidance is provided on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We adjust reserves for unrecognized tax benefits when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Because of the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax provision in the period in which new information is available.
We consider the earnings of many of our subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested, and accordingly, we have not provided for taxes on the unremitted earnings of these subsidiaries. If we were to make a distribution from the unremitted earnings of these subsidiaries, we could be subject to taxes payable to various jurisdictions. If our expectations were to change regarding future tax consequences, we may be required to record additional deferred taxes that could have a material effect on our consolidated statement of financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue related to performance obligations satisfied over time using the input method of percentage-of-completion accounting whereby the actual amounts incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total is used as a basis for determining the extent to which performance obligations are satisfied. During the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 94% of our total product sales revenues were recognized over time. This calculation requires management to estimate the total costs required for each project and to estimate the profit expected on the project. The recognition of revenue over time depends largely on our ability to make reasonable dependable estimates related to the extent of progress toward completion of the contract, contract revenues and contract costs. Recognized revenues and profits are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. Revisions in profit estimates are charged to income in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known using the cumulative catch-up method. Due to the nature of some of our contracts, developing the estimates of costs often requires significant judgment.
Factors that must be considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate profit include labor productivity and availability, the nature and complexity of work to be performed, the impact of change orders, availability of raw materials and the impact of delayed performance. Although we continually strive to accurately estimate our progress toward completion and profitability, adjustments to overall contract revenue and contract costs could be significant in future periods due to several factors including but not limited to, settlement of claims against customers, supplier claims by or against us, customer change orders, changes in cost estimates, changes in project contingencies and settlement of customer claims against us, such as liquidated damage claims. If the aggregate combined cost estimates for uncompleted contracts that are recognized over time had been higher or lower by 5% in 2021, our income before income taxes would have decreased or increased by approximately $11.2 million.
Contingencies and Litigation
We are substantially self-insured for workers’ compensation, employer’s liability, property, auto liability, general liability and employee group health claims in view of the relatively high per-incident deductibles we absorb under our insurance arrangements for these risks. Losses up to deductible amounts are estimated and accrued based upon known facts, historical trends and industry averages. We review these estimates quarterly and believe such accruals to be adequate. However, insurance liabilities are difficult to estimate due to unknown factors, including the severity of an injury, the determination of our liability in proportion to other parties, the timeliness of reporting of occurrences, ongoing treatment or loss mitigation, general trends in litigation recovery outcomes and the effectiveness of safety and risk management programs. Therefore, if our actual experience differs from the assumptions and estimates used for recording the liabilities, adjustments may be required and would be recorded in the period in which the difference becomes known. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had recorded approximately $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in insurance claim reserves.
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various pending or threatened legal actions. While we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these actions, the accounting standard for contingencies requires management to make judgments about future events that are inherently uncertain. We are required to record (and have recorded) a loss during any period in which we believe a loss contingency is probable and can be reasonably estimated. In making determinations of likely outcomes of pending or threatened legal matters, we consider the evaluation of counsel knowledgeable about each matter.
We regularly assess and, if required, establish accruals for income tax as well as non-income-based tax contingencies pursuant to the applicable accounting standards that could result from assessments of additional tax by taxing jurisdictions in countries where we operate. Tax contingencies are subject to a significant amount of judgment and are reviewed and adjusted on a quarterly basis in light of changing facts and circumstances considering the outcome expected by management. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had recorded approximately $39.6 million and $38.0 million, respectively, of accruals for tax contingencies (including penalties and interest and discontinued operations). Of these amounts, $37.7 million and $34.5 million are accrued for income taxes as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1.9 million and $3.5 million are accrued for non-income-based taxes as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Furthermore, as of December 31, 2020, we had an indemnification receivable from Archrock related to non-income-based taxes of $1.5 million. There was no indemnification receivable amount from Archrock related to non-income-based taxes as of December 31, 2021. If our actual experience differs from the assumptions and estimates used for recording the liabilities, adjustments may be required and would be recorded in the period in which the difference becomes known.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the Financial Statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates due to our significant international operations. While the majority of our revenue contracts are denominated in or indexed to the U.S. dollar, certain contracts or portions of certain contracts, most notably within our contract operations segment, are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. Approximately 60% of revenues in our contract operations segment are denominated in or indexed to the U.S. dollar. The currencies for which we have our largest exchange rate exposures are related to changes in the Argentine Peso and the Brazilian Real. During the year ended December 31, 2021, a devaluation of the Argentine Peso and Brazilian Real of approximately 17.7% and 8.3%, respectively, resulted in a decrease in revenue in our contract operations segment of approximately $8.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The impact of foreign currency risk on income for these contracts is generally mitigated by matching costs with revenues in the same currency.
Additionally, the net assets and liabilities of these operations are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These operations may also have net assets and liabilities not denominated in their functional currency, which exposes us to changes in foreign currency gains and exchange rates that impact income. We recorded foreign currency losses of $11.0 million and $5.9 million in our statements of operations during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our foreign currency losses are primarily due to exchange rate fluctuations related to monetary asset and liability balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency, including foreign currency exchange rate changes recorded on intercompany obligations. Foreign currency losses during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included translation gains (losses) of $(1.4) million and $4.1 million respectively, related to the functional currency remeasurement of our foreign subsidiaries’ non-functional currency denominated intercompany obligations. As of December 31, 2021, we were a party to forward currency exchange contracts to mitigate exposure to the Argentine Peso. These contracts have a notional amount of zero as they settle on a daily basis and are cancellable at any time. As of December 31, 2020, we were a party to forward currency exchange contracts to mitigate exposures to the Argentine Peso and Indonesian Rupiah with a total notional value of $23.5 million. Due to entering into these contracts, we recognized losses of $3.8 million and $0.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Changes in exchange rates may create gains or losses in future periods to the extent we maintain net assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency.
We also have exposure to foreign currency exchange risk from the translation of certain international operating units from the local currency into the U.S. dollar. Our comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included foreign currency translation adjustment losses of $1.8 million and $14.4 million, respectively. A 10% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies would have decreased our foreign currency translation adjustment loss by approximately $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This sensitivity analysis is inherently limited as it assumes that rates of multiple foreign currencies will always move in the same direction relative to the value of the U.S. dollar.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The consolidated financial statements and supplementary information specified by this Item are presented in Part IV, Item 15 (“Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules”) of this report.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
This Item 9A includes information concerning the controls and controls evaluation referred to in the certifications of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) required by Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act included in this Annual Report as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2.
Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The CEO and CFO have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the fiscal year for which this annual report on Form 10-K is
filed. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2021 to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Management, including our CEO (principal executive officer) and CFO (principal financial officer), believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly represent in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management, under the supervision of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP, and includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. This assessment was based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on this assessment, management determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, which is included on page.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2021 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required in Part III, Item 10 of this report is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” “Executive Officers” and “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock” in our definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct, which is available on our website at http://www.exterran.com under the “Investors - Governance Highlights” section. Any amendments to, or waivers of, the Code of Business Conduct will be disclosed on our website promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required in Part III, Item 11 of this report is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Information Regarding Executive Compensation” in our definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
See the table below for securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans. Other information required in Part III, Item 12 of this report are incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock” in our definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2021, with respect to the Exterran Corporation compensation plans under which our common stock is authorized for issuance, aggregated as follows:
(a)
Number of Securities
to be Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
(b)
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
(c)
Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column (a))
Plan Category
(#)
($)
(#)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
-
$
-
1,557,450
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
-
-
Total
-
1,557,450
(1)Comprised of the Exterran Corporation 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the (“2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan also governs awards originally granted by Archrock under the Archrock, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2021, there were 103,245 restricted stock units outstanding, payable in common stock upon vesting, under the 2020 Plan.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required in Part III, Item 13 of this report is incorporated by reference to the sections entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Corporate Governance” in our definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required in Part III, Item 14 of this report is incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Ratification of the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)Documents filed as a part of this report.
1.Financial Statements. The following financial statements are filed as a part of this report.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2.Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
S-1
All other schedules have been omitted because they are not required under the relevant instructions.
3.Exhibits
Exhibit No.
Description
2.1
Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of November 3, 2015, by and among Exterran Holdings, Inc., Exterran General Holdings LLC, Exterran Energy Solutions, L.P., Exterran Corporation, AROC Corp., EESLP LP LLC, AROC Services GP LLC, AROC Services LP LLC and Archrock Services, L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
2.2
First Amendment to Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2015, by and among Archrock, Inc., Exterran General Holdings LLC, Exterran Energy Solutions, L.P., Exterran Corporation, AROC Corp., EESLP LP LLC, AROC Services GP LLC, AROC Services LP LLC and Archrock Services, L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Registrant’s Original Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed on February 26, 2016
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on From 8-K filed on April 30, 2018
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Exterran Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
4.1
Indenture, dated as of April 4, 2017, by and among Exterran Energy Solutions, L.P., EES Finance Corp., Exterran Corporation, as parent, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto from time to time, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2017
4.2
Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
10.1
Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of November 3, 2015, by and between Exterran Holdings, Inc. and Exterran Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.2
Form of Indemnification Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.3
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2015, by and among Exterran Holdings, Inc., Exterran Energy Solutions, L.P., the lenders signatory thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Amendment No. 5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10-12B, as filed on October 6, 2015
10.4
Exterran Corporation 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, as filed on November 2, 2015
10.5
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Incentive Stock Options pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.6
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Nonqualified Stock Options pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.7
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Performance Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.8
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Restricted Stock pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.9
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.10
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Stock-Settled Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.11
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Common Stock Award for Non-Employee Directors pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.12
Exterran Corporation Directors’ Stock and Deferral Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, as filed on November 2, 2015
10.13
Form of Employment Letter, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.14
Form of Severance Benefit Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10-12B, as filed on August 5, 2015
10.15
Form of Change of Control Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10-12B, as filed on August 5, 2015
10.16
Exterran Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2015
10.17
Exterran Corporation Amended and Restated Directors’ Stock and Deferral Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s Original Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed on February 26, 2016
10.18
First Amendment, Exterran Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 filed on January 4, 2017
10.19
2016 Form of Severance Benefit Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 filed on January 4, 2017
10.20
2016 Form of Change of Control Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 filed on January 4, 2017
10.21
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Performance Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 10, 2017
10.22
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Restricted Stock pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 10, 2017
10.23
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 10, 2017
10.24
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Stock-Settled Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 10, 2017
10.25
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Common Stock Award for Non-Employee Directors pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 10, 2017
10.26
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Performance Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 filed on May 3, 2018
10.27
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Restricted Stock pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 filed on May 3, 2018
10.28
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Stock-Settled Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 filed on May 3, 2018
10.29
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Cliff-Vested Restricted Stock pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 filed on May 3, 2018
10.30
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 9, 2018, by and among Exterran Corporation, Exterran Energy Solutions, L.P., the lenders signatory thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 9, 2018
10.31
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Performance Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 filed on May 2, 2019
10.32
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Time-Vested Restricted Stock pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 filed on May 2, 2019
10.33
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Time-Vested Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 filed on May 2, 2019
10.34
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Common Stock Award for Non-Employee Directors pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 filed on May 2, 2019
10.35
Form of Amended and Restated Severance Benefit Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed on February 28, 20200
10.36
Form of Amended and Restated Executive Change of Control Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed on February 28, 20200
10.37
Form of Amended and Restated Chief Executive Officer Change of Control Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed on February 28, 2020
10.38
Chai Trust Agreement, dated February 29, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 2, 2020
10.39
Exterran Corporation 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on March 18, 2020
10.40
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Performance Cash-Settled Units pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 filed on May 11, 2020
10.41
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Time-Vested Cash-Settled Restricted Stock pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 filed on May 11, 2020
10.42
Form of Award Notice and Agreement for Common Stock Award for Non-Employee Directors pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 filed on May 11, 2020
10.43
First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, incorporated by referenceA to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 15, 2020
10.44
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 24, 2022, by and among Exterran, Enerflex and Merger Sub, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 24, 2022
16.1
Letter from Deloitte & Touche LLP to the Securities and Exchange Commission dated March 4, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2019
21.1*
List of Subsidiaries
22.1*
List of Guarantor Subsidiaries
23.1*
Auditor Consent
24.1*
Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page to this Report)
31.1*
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
XBRL Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
 Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished, not filed.