EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 839470
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 839470_10-K_2021_0001558370-21-000999.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS.
THE COMPANY
Westwater Resources, Inc. is a 44-year-old public company focused on battery graphite development. Originally incorporated in 1977 as Uranium Resources, Inc. to mine uranium in Texas, our company has been reborn as an energy materials developer. Westwater is focused on battery-ready graphite materials after its acquisition of Alabama Graphite Corp. (“Alabama Graphite”) and its Coosa Graphite Project (“Coosa Project”) in Alabama in April 2018. Westwater recently discovered significant vanadium concentrations at the Coosa Project and has developed an exploration plan to further investigate the size and extent of those concentrations.
Our principal executive offices are located at 6950 South Potomac Street, Suite 300, Centennial, Colorado 80112, and our telephone number is (303) 531-0516. Our website is located at www.westwaterresources.net. Information contained on our website or that can be accessed through our website is not incorporated by reference into this report. As of February 11, 2021, the Company and its subsidiaries had 11 employees.
OUR STRATEGY
Our strategy is to increase shareholder value by expanding into the battery materials marketplace. The acquisition of the Coosa Project graphite mineral properties from Alabama Graphite in April 2018 provides the Company with the opportunity to develop critical raw materials utilized by the growing market for electric battery storage for automobiles, trucks and buses, consumer electronics, as well as grid-based storage devices. In 2020, the global battery market consumed an estimated 290,000 tonnes of graphite, and is projected to grow at an annual rate of 20.0% over the next 10-year period, according to Roskill Information Services Ltd.
Our goal for the graphite business is to develop a battery-graphite manufacturing business in Alabama that produces low-cost, high-quality, and high-margin graphite products for battery manufacturers. We began operation of a pilot-scale processing plant in 2020, designed to both manufacture battery graphite materials in quantities suitable for potential customer testing and inform a definitive Feasibility Study scheduled for the first half of 2021. We anticipate that this is to be followed by construction of a commercial scale processing facility beginning in late 2021 and continuing through 2022 that purifies readily available graphite flake concentrates from various sources to >99.95% pure carbon. Once purified, the graphite will be further processed into three advanced component products with enhanced conductivity performance needed by battery manufacturers. These advanced graphite products are purified micronized graphite (“ULTRA-PMGTM”), delaminated expanded graphite (“ULTRA-DEXDGTM”) and coated spherical purified graphite (“ULTRA-CSPGTM”). At the same time, subject to the availability of financing, we plan to begin developing the Coosa Graphite mine (planned for start-up in eight years) on our 40,000-plus-acre mineral-rights holdings that can serve as a hedge against future feedstock costs and provide in-house quality assurance and quality control (“QA/QC”) for raw-material inputs.
Our project pipeline is prioritized with a goal of achieving sustainable production over time with our graphite, project so as to take advantage of rising and/or high price environments for battery materials. We may adjust near-term and long-term business priorities in accordance with market conditions.
Our broad base of mining, processing and manufacturing expertise from graphite, base and precious metals to energy materials is our key competitive advantage. Westwater possesses a unique combination of battery-materials knowledge and extensive project-execution experience, coupled with decades of capital markets
expertise which makes our business a powerful presence in the new energy marketplace. We intend to advance the Company’s project towards production, while prudently managing our cash and liquidity position for financial flexibility.
KEY BUSINESS AND CORPORATE DEVELOPMENTS IN 2020
Sale of Uranium Business
On December 31, 2020, Westwater, its wholly owned subsidiary URI Neutron Holdings II, Inc. (“Neutron Holdings”), and enCore Energy Corp. (“enCore”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which Westwater and Neutron Holdings agreed to sell their subsidiaries engaged in the uranium business in Texas and New Mexico (the “Uranium Subsidiaries”) to enCore on the terms and subject to the conditions in the Purchase Agreement (the “Transaction”). The Transaction closed December 31, 2020.
At the closing of the Transaction, enCore delivered $0.7 million in cash and issued $1.8 million worth of its common shares to Westwater, valued at the volume weighted average price of enCore’s common shares for the ten trading days ending on and including December 30, 2020, and Westwater and Neutron Holdings transferred all of the equity interests in the Uranium Subsidiaries to enCore along with a copy of a database relating to the Grants Mineral Belt located in New Mexico. In addition, enCore delivered to Westwater a 2% net smelter return royalty on production from the uranium properties held by Uranco, Inc. in New Mexico at the time of the closing, and a 2.5% net profits interest on the profits from operations of Neutron Energy, Inc.’s Juan Tafoya and Cebolleta Projects. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, enCore also replaced the indemnification obligations of Westwater for certain reclamation surety bonds held in the name of URI, Inc., and Westwater assigned and transferred to enCore all rights to cash collateral held to secure such indemnity obligations.
Also, at the closing, Westwater delivered $0.3 million in cash to enCore, which amount will be delivered in escrow to the lender under the loan made to URI, Inc. in May 2020 pursuant to the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The escrowed amount will be released to Westwater upon, and subject to, forgiveness of the PPP Loan under the terms of the CARES Act. In the event that all or a portion of the PPP Loan is ineligible for forgiveness, the lender will retain the escrowed amount up to the amount of the unforgiven portion of the PPP Loan, plus interest. No assurance is provided that URI, Inc. will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part.
Graphite Product Development with Dorfner Anzaplan
Westwater announced on November 21, 2019 that it engaged Dorfner Anzaplan of Hirschau, Germany to advance the development of processes needed to purify graphite concentrates and to produce the Company’s battery grade products: ULTRA-PMGTM, ULTRA-DEXDGTM and ULTRA-CSPGTM. Dorfner Anzaplan is an internationally recognized and highly regarded organization that specializes in high-purity industrial and strategic metals businesses. It employs state-of-the-art analytical methods and facilities and employs innovative processing technologies to provide effective solutions tailored to its clients’ requirements.
Dorfner Anzaplan and other engineering consultants have collaborated with Westwater to scale up laboratory sample production to pilot scale production rates through new work executed through the second quarter of 2020 that:
● Defined the method, equipment and operating parameters and requirements for graphite purification;
● Defined operating parameters and equipment for processes required to manufacture Westwater’s battery graphite products; and
● Designed and executed Westwater’s pilot program.
One important result of this effort to date has been the development of a new processing method for the purification of graphite. The Company has filed a Provisional Patent Application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Purification is the critical first step in manufacturing battery graphite products.
Westwater’s pilot scale program utilizes approximately 30 metric tons of graphite concentrate feedstock received from our supplier, with whom we have executed a long-term agreement to supply graphite concentrate under a cap and collar pricing arrangement. This graphite concentrate shipment to Dorfner Anzaplan’s facility in Germany was previously announced in an October 9, 2020 press release. The pilot operation resulting from this work program with Dorfner Anzaplan and other engineering consultants is providing various product sizes of each of the Company’s three principal battery-grade conductivity enhancement products to potential clients to advance the prospective clients’ commodity evaluation and pre-qualification programs. This large-scale sample testing effort is the next step in the development schedule of the Coosa Graphite Project as it advances to a commercial production decision. The pilot facility has begun operation and production of Westwater’s battery products. Operation of the pilot program is expected to continue through the second quarter of 2021.
Equity Financings
December 2020 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital, LLC (“Lincoln Park”)
On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park (the “December 2020 PA”) to place up to $100.0 million in the aggregate of the Company's common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 36 months. The Company controls the timing and amount of any sales to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases in accordance with the December 2020 PA. Any common stock that is sold to Lincoln Park will occur at a purchase price that is based on an agreed upon fixed discount to the Company's prevailing market prices at the time of each sale and with no upper limits to the price Lincoln Park may pay to purchase common stock. The agreement may be terminated by the Company at any time, in its sole discretion, without any additional cost or penalty.
The December 2020 PA specifically provides that the Company may not issue or sell any shares of its common stock under the agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market. In particular, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) provides that the Company may not issue or sell more than 19.99% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the December 2020 PA without shareholder approval.
Lincoln Park has no right to require the Company to sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park, but Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs, subject to certain conditions. In all instances, the Company may not sell shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the December 2020 PA if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of its common stock.
The Company did not sell any of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the December 2020 PA during 2020. From January 1, 2021 to February 11, 2021, the Company sold 0.9 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $6.6 million.
May 2020 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park
On May 21, 2020, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, as amended on May 29, 2020 (the “May 2020 PA”), to place up to $12.0 million in the aggregate of the Company’s common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 24 months, which agreement was authorized by the Company’s shareholders at its 2020 annual meeting. As an initial purchase on May 21, 2020, Lincoln Park bought $250,000 worth of the Company’s common stock at a price of $1.2989 per share. The Company issued 156,250 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of common stock under the May 2020 PA.
On May 21, 2020, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which was declared effective on June 26, 2020 relating to the resale of an initial tranche of 1.97 million shares subject to the May 2020 PA. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had sold 1.8 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $3.8 million, of which 1.6 million shares of common stock and gross proceeds of $3.5 million was sold in the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Company filed a second registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the resale of 3.2 million shares which was declared effective on October 2, 2020, and sold 1.1 million shares for gross proceeds of $8.2 million in October 2020. With the October 2020 sales, the $12.0 million sales capacity of the 2020 Purchase Agreement was reached and the agreement terminated.
2019 Purchase Agreement (“2019 Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park
On June 6, 2019, the Company entered into the 2019 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park to place up to $10.0 million in the aggregate of the Company’s common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 24 months. On August 6, 2019 the Company’s shareholders approved the sale of up to 3.2 million shares of common stock under the 2019 Purchase Agreement. Following effectiveness of a registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the resale of the shares subject to the 2019 Purchase Agreement on June 18, 2019, the Company began selling shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the terms of the 2019 Purchase Agreement. On September 11, 2019, October 28, 2019 and February 28, 2020 the Company filed subsequent registration statements on Form S-1, which were declared effective on September 20, 2019, November 7, 2019 and March 6, 2020, respectively, registering for resale additional shares under the 2019 Purchase Agreement. During 2019, the Company sold 1.7 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $5.8 million. During 2020, the Company sold 1.5 million shares for gross proceeds of $1.9 million. The 2019 Purchase Agreement was terminated in May 2020 with historical sales of 3.2 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $7.7 million.
Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”)
On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “ATM Offering Agreement”) with Cantor acting as sales agent. Under the ATM Offering Agreement, the Company may from time to time sell shares of its common stock in “at-the-market” offerings. The Company pays Cantor a commission of up to 2.5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement.
During 2019, the Company sold 0.1 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $0.4 million under the ATM Offering Agreement. During 2020, the Company sold 11.0 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $49.9 million and from January 1, 2021 to February 5, 2021, the Company sold 9.3 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $47.3 million under the ATM Offering Agreement. As of February 5, 2021, the Company has no shares of common stock registered for sale under the ATM Offering Agreement.
Turkish Government Taking of Temrezli and Sefaatli Licenses and Westwater’s Arbitration Filing
On January 27, 2020, Westwater filed a Claimant’s Memorial (the “Memorial”) in its arbitration proceeding against the Republic of Turkey (“Turkey”). The Memorial relates to Westwater’s request for arbitration submitted to the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) in December 2018 as a result of Turkey’s unlawful actions against Westwater’s investments at the Temrezli and Sefaatli uranium projects owned by Westwater’s Turkish subsidiary Adur Madencilik Limited Sirketi.
The Memorial sets forth the basis for Westwater’s claims under the treaty between the United States and Turkey concerning the reciprocal encouragement and protection of investments and international law generally, as well as the basis for the jurisdiction of the tribunal constituted on May 1, 2019 following ICSID’s registration of Westwater’s request for arbitration. The Memorial also establishes the reparations owed by Turkey for breach of its international obligations towards Westwater, consisting of no less than $36.5 million, plus costs and post-award interest, as compensation for Westwater’s resulting loss of its investment. Accompanying the Memorial is an expert report regarding the reparations owed to Westwater. In determining the amount of Westwater’s loss, the expert report considered (i) the projected future cash flows from the expropriated projects, discounted to present value by a risk-adjusted discount rate, (ii) valuations from transactions for similar projects, and (iii) in the case of the Sefaatli project, the amounts invested in the project.
On March 11, 2020, Turkey filed a request to bifurcate the arbitration proceeding, and on March 30, 2020, Westwater filed a response in opposition to Turkey’s request for bifurcation. On April 28, 2020, the arbitral tribunal denied Turkey’s bifurcation request. On May 13, 2020, Turkey filed with the arbitral tribunal a request, which Westwater elected not to oppose, to extend the date on which their Counter-Memorial must be filed (and to change dates for subsequent pleadings as well as document production and witness identification deadlines), which the tribunal approved on June 3, 2020. As a result of these decisions by the tribunal, Turkey filed its Counter-Memorial on September 14, 2020. The hearing on the substantive issues and damages is scheduled for September 13-17, 2021.
Additional information regarding the ICSID arbitration proceeding is presented in Part II, Item 1 below.
Vanadium Target Identification
In late November 2018, Westwater announced the discovery of significant concentration of vanadium mineralization at several locations, hosted in the graphitic schists at the Company’s Coosa, Alabama Project. Westwater subsequently commenced the first of a four-phase exploration program designed to determine the extent, character and quality of the vanadium mineralization at Coosa. As announced by the Company on February 19, 2019, the first phase demonstrated widespread positive values for vanadium that extended beyond the Coosa graphite deposit, as defined in the 2015 Preliminary Economic Assessment for the Coosa Project. The second phase of this project is expected to begin during the first half of 2021. Scope for this effort includes drilling various targets to expand our knowledge of the geology, examining the core and/or cuttings for mineral constituents, and adding to our geologic model. In addition, vanadium mineralization is expected to be evaluated using extractive metallurgy techniques to ascertain any economic potential.
Global Pandemic and our Actions to Ensure Safety
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization designated COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The pandemic spread outside of China during the first quarter of 2020 and has impacted businesses throughout the world. In the U.S., many state and local governments have, based on local conditions, either recommended or
mandated actions to slow the transmission of COVID-19. These measures range from limitations on crowd size to mandatory orders for non-essential citizens to “shelter in place” or “stay at home” until further direction. Borders between many countries have been closed to contain the spread of COVID-19. Uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the pandemic has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets.
This pandemic, and the resultant uncertain economic conditions it has created, could adversely affect our operations, major facilities, or employees’ health. Westwater has the following priorities while managing business activities during this period of volatility and uncertainty:
● First, to ensure the health and safety of employees and the communities where they work.
● Second, to work with business partners to maintain the advanced graphite product development schedule.
● Third, to ensure adequate financial liquidity to support key operations and business activities.
Westwater’s corporate business activities are largely unaffected at this time. Westwater has reduced utilization of its offices and remote working arrangements were instituted to ensure that some employees were able to work remotely using systems that already were in place. Westwater’s continued focus on the health and safety of employees, the safety of operations, and the safety of the communities in which our employees live and work remains paramount. To that end, and where remote working was not practical, Westwater eliminated unnecessary travel, instituted health protocols for working together, and ensured that employees are permitted to take time off due to illness or the illness of those around them without penalty. As a result, our corporate business activities will continue on as before, without interruption.
To the extent that the COVID-19 pandemic continues or worsens, local governments or governmental agencies may impose additional restrictions. The result of COVID-19 and those restrictions could result in a number of adverse impacts to Westwater’s business, including but not limited to additional disruption to the economy, additional work restrictions, and supply chains being interrupted, slowed, or rendered inoperable. As a result, it may be challenging to obtain and process raw materials to support business needs, and individuals could become ill, quarantined, or otherwise unable to work and/or travel due to health reasons or governmental restrictions. Also, governments may impose other laws, regulations or taxes which could adversely impact Westwater’s business, financial condition or results of operations. The potential effects of COVID-19 could also impact Westwater in a number of other ways including, but not limited to, laws and regulations affecting business, the availability of future borrowings, the cost of borrowings, and potential impairment of the carrying value of long-lived tangible assets.
OVERVIEW OF THE BATTERY GRAPHITE INDUSTRY
Graphite is the name given to a common form of the element carbon. Occurring naturally as a mineral in numerous deposits around the world, graphite is used in many industrial applications. These end uses take advantage of the graphite’s natural characteristics of high lubricity, high resistance to corrosion, ability to withstand high temperatures while remaining highly stable, and excellent conductivity of heat and electricity.
In recent years, graphite has become an essential component in the production of all types of electrical storage batteries. This role will continue to be important as demand for these batteries increases, with the world’s growing electric-vehicle and energy-storage needs. Natural battery-ready graphite products are derived from flake
graphite that has been transformed through a series of specialty downstream processes into various battery graphite products. These processes include, but are not limited to:
● Purification to battery-grade carbon as graphitic (Cg) content of ≥ 99.95%,
● Micronization (sizing);
● Intercalation (expansion), and delamination (sheering);
● Spheronization (shaping), and classification (sorting); and
● Surface treatment (carbon coating).
Natural flake graphite is increasingly supplanting the use of synthetic graphite in battery applications, for cost and performance reasons. Through a series of sophisticated and precise processing steps, flake-graphite concentrates are transformed into high-value end products for the battery industry. These products, such as purified micronized graphite and delaminated expanded graphite, are used as conductivity-enhancement additives for the manufacture of cathodes for a number of battery material families. Coated spherical purified graphite is used for the manufacture of anodes in Lithium-Ion batteries. Additional high-performance, battery-ready graphite materials can also be produced, using these three products as a starting point.
The global battery market consumed 182,400 tonnes in 2018 and was growing at a rate of 16.1% over the previous ten years (Roskill, 2019). The greatest share of this market is made up of four battery-market segments that require advanced battery-graphite products:
● Lithium-Ion batteries - these are rechargeable lithium-based batteries used in everything from cellphones and hand tools to laptop computers and electric vehicles.
● Alkaline Power Cells - these are the most popular consumer batteries in the world, with more than 10 billion units produced worldwide each year (Roskill, 2019).
● Lead Acid batteries - these are the workhorse batteries used in automobiles and back-up power supplies and other energy-storage applications where weight is less important than capacity, and make up about 80% of the storage capacities in gigawatt hours (GWh) of all batteries presently sold worldwide (Sanders, 2018).
● Primary Lithium batteries - these are non-rechargeable, lightweight lithium-based batteries like those used in flashlights, smoke detectors, and applications where long life and lightweight matters most.
All of these batteries use graphite as a critical, non-substitutable constituent. According to analysts, batteries accounted for an estimated 290,000 tonnes of graphite consumption in 2020. Demand for batteries grew by a compound annual growth rate of 16.1% between 2008 and 2018 (Roskill, 2019). Based on Roskill’s base case scenario for electric vehicle demand, this rate of growth could increase to 20.2% over the next decade, with graphite consumption in batteries reaching 1,900,000 tonnes in 2028, of which well over 1,000,000 tonnes is projected to be natural graphite. Consumption of graphite in Lithium-Ion batteries currently accounts for around 84% of the battery market for graphite but this could rise to 95-98% by 2028. Competition between natural and synthetic graphite is expected to continue in Lithium-Ion batteries with the choice reducing to price, performance and availability. Also, synthetic graphite and natural graphite blends are becoming a popular choice for EV
application to optimize performance and cost by taking advantage of each graphite attribute such as cycle life, energy density and cost. Synthetic graphite consumption by anode manufacturers is expected to grow because of the concentration of the industry in China; however, natural flake graphite demand is forecast to grow at a higher rate because of natural graphite’s performance and cost efficiencies.
In addition, natural graphite flake costs in China have gone up as well as purification costs due to increased environmental costs (hydrofluoric acid handling cost). In fact, China has become one of the major importers for natural graphite flake relying upon less expensive African sources. China does not have a cost advantage when it comes to natural graphite and also poses a geopolitical risk particularly to EU and US regions. The existing capacity of spherical natural graphite for Lithium-Ion batteries is estimated at 131,800 tonnes which is significantly smaller than that of spherical artificial graphite whose existing capacity is 638,500 tonnes as of 2020. To support natural graphite demand in the future, additional 446,700 tonnes of natural graphite capacity is in construction with another 622,000 tonnes of capacity planned. It is also important to note that over 85% of the additional capacity is planned in China whereas North America accounts for only 6.7% of additional capacities, highlighting one main reason that graphite is designated on The US Critical Minerals list as well as designated on The EU’s Critical Raw Materials list.
Overall battery consumption is rising at an accelerated growth rate due to recent and robust developments in electric-automobile markets, personal electronic devices and electrical grid storage, an enabling technology for wind and solar power installation. The global shift towards low- and zero-emissions vehicles and power sources will continue to drive increasing demand for graphite-battery materials for the foreseeable future. Recent developments in this sector include:
● The United Kingdom and France have announced a prohibition on the sale of gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles by 2040. Electric vehicles using battery storage are the only viable technology that can satisfy the demands for new cars mandated by these nations;
● China, the largest new-car market in the world, has mandated that 8% of all new cars sold are to be plug-in hybrid, battery electric or fuel-cell powered;
● Many major automobile companies have developed, or are developing, an electric-based technology to replace internal-combustion engines;
● Governments around the world continue to incentivize electric-vehicle ownership through subsidies and other incentives;
● The installed base of wind and solar power electrical-generating systems is increasing every year. Grid battery storage is the answer to increasing system reliability and unlocking the value of these power sources; and
● As a result of these catalysts, and according to Roskill, the Lithium-Ion battery market is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of over 20%.
A significant challenge for battery manufacturers is that the primary source of battery-grade graphite is China, presenting the global battery industry with significant risks, including supply chain management risks, economic risks and environmental unsustainability. Also, critical domestic production is absent in the United States. A Presidential Executive Order signed September 30, 2020 includes graphite on its list of minerals critical to the safety and security of the United States. With little current domestic natural graphite production of any kind, the United States is presently required to source most of its battery graphite from China.
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Westwater has developed graphite-purification technology and advanced product-development processes to meet the demands of these customers, as well as the large base of existing consumers for battery-graphite materials. Westwater is developing methodologies and facilities to produce high- purity, battery-graphite products in the State of Alabama. These products are designed to address all major battery sectors. In addition, the processes we intend to use are environmentally sustainable and permittable in the United States, where a robust regulatory environment complements our core values to reliably deliver safe, well-made products to our customers.
OVERVIEW OF THE VANADIUM INDUSTRY
Vanadium is a lightweight metal used in the construction industry, in high strength steel alloys, and in some large grid storage batteries. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), about 73,000 metric tonnes of vanadium per year were consumed worldwide in 2019 approximately 80% of which was utilized by the steel industry, where additions of the metal to conventional steel materials adds strength and corrosion resistance. Importantly for Westwater, demand for Vanadium Flow batteries is increasing as solar and wind power generators seek to make their installations more reliable electricity providers. Market research firm Roskill predicts that there will be a 45% increase in demand for vanadium, mostly in China.
Currently, about 85% of all vanadium is produced in South Africa, China and Russia. There is no significant production of vanadium currently in the United States.
COMPETITION
There is global competition for graphite, capital, customers and the employment and retention of qualified personnel. In the production and marketing of graphite, there are a number of producing entities globally, some of which are government controlled and several of which are significantly larger and better capitalized than we are. For instance, more than 80% of the battery grade graphite products globally are produced in China. Globally, some of these organizations also have substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing and distribution resources than Westwater.
With respect to sales of graphite, the Company expects to compete primarily based on price. We will market graphite directly to users of the product. We are in direct competition with supplies available from various sources worldwide. We believe we compete with multiple graphite exploration, development and production companies.
OVERVIEW OF WESTWATER RESOURCES’ COOSA GRAPHITE PROJECT (“THE “COOSA PROJECT”)
Westwater acquired Alabama Graphite in 2018 as part of a strategic decision to refocus the Company to supply battery manufacturers with low-cost, high-quality, and high-margin graphite products. As a result of that business transaction, Westwater became the owner of the Coosa Graphite Project, which was the principal asset of Alabama Graphite. Westwater believes that graphite has an important strategic place in the global economy as a high-demand commodity as electrical storage systems for wind and solar power, and as the electrification of our transportation systems becomes more widespread. The principal asset acquired was the Coosa Project, which includes the Coosa graphite deposit located near Rockford, Alabama, 50 miles southeast of Birmingham. The Coosa deposit is located in an area that has been a past producer of graphite, utilizing a geology trend spanning tens of thousands of acres, known as the “Alabama Graphite Belt.” The State of Alabama remains a business-
friendly jurisdiction, exemplified by the state successfully securing a $1 billion commitment from Daimler Benz to build a Lithium-Ion battery factory near its automobile assembly plant in the state. In addition, several other automobile manufacturers have sited plants in Alabama as a result of this favorable business climate.
Westwater’s graphite business plan will accelerate product development and market development by purchasing readily available graphite flake from qualified suppliers, for which a procurement contract is currently in place, to serve as plant feedstock while the Coosa graphite mine is being permitted and developed. Development of a mine at the Coosa graphite deposit, planned for start-up in the next eight years, will serve as an in-house source of graphite feedstock, a hedge against future feedstock cost increases, and will provide in-house QA/QC for raw-material inputs. The Company plans to finish operation of a pilot program in the 2nd quarter of 2021. Materials produced in the pilot program, estimated at 12 or more metric tonnes over three different products, will be used for customer development and product qualification, and pilot-plant operating data will serve as the foundation for the design and construction of a commercial scale processing facility. As part of the planned facility, the graphite is purified, and then the material is further processed into the three advanced component products which provide graphite materials with enhanced conductivity performance for battery manufacturers: Purified Micronized Graphite, Delaminated Expanded Graphite, and Coated Spherical Purified Graphite. WWR is working with a number of potential customers.
Description of the Graphite Deposit
The Coosa graphite deposit is located at the southern end of the Appalachian mountain range, in Coosa County, Alabama. The deposit area is approximately 52 miles south-southeast of the city of Birmingham, and 23 miles south-southwest of the town of Sylacauga. The project mineral tenure is comprised of approximately 41,965 acres of privately-owned mineral rights that the Company holds under a long-term lease.
The Coosa graphite deposit is hosted in high-grade metamorphic rocks. Graphitic material is present in two types of schist, a quartz-graphite schist that generally has grades greater than 1% Cg and a quartz-biotite-graphite-schist that has grades generally less than 1% Cg. The uppermost 60-100 feet of the graphite-bearing rocks have been weathered and oxidized such that they could be easily mined by simple excavation equipment without any blasting. As currently defined, mining will mainly be centered on these weathered units.
A mineral resource estimate for the Coosa deposit, as set forth in a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) completed by Alabama Graphite in 2015, demonstrated an overall concentration of non-reserve mineralized material of 157.8 million short tons averaging 2.48%, at a graphitic carbon cut- off grade of 1% Cg. This estimate is based on assay data from 69 core drill holes, totaling 20,414 feet.
Mining Method
The Coosa graphite deposit is expected to be mined by conventional small-scale open-pit mining methods through several shallow pits (less than 100 feet deep each) that will be developed over life of the project. At full-scale production, the mining rate will be approximately 577,000 short tons per annum, at an average grade of 3.2% Cg. Mine operations will employ small conventional loading and haulage equipment, including a 6.0 cubic yard excavator and 45-ton articulated haul trucks. Mineralized material will be ripped with a bulldozer to prepare the mineralized material for mining with the excavator. Additional support to the mine and plant will be provided by graders and smaller dozers to maintain access roads, stockpiles and overburden storage areas.
Concentrate Plant
Mineralized material from the Coosa Project mine is projected to have an average grade of 3.2% Cg, and will contain impurities consisting of quartz, muscovite, iron oxides and calcite. Most of the impurities are present on the surfaces of the graphite flakes and can be easily removed during a metallurgical process known as flotation. Flotation processing maximizes the removal of these impurities while avoiding degradation of graphite flakes.
The concentration plant will consist of two-stage crushing, rod and ball-mill grinding, and multi-stage flotation units. The plant will operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 52 weeks per year. The concentrator operating availability is expected to be on the order of 93%. The concentrator plant capacity has been planned to handle approximately 577,000 short tons of material to produce 16,500 tonnes per annum of final concentrated product, with minimum 95% Cg and a 90% graphite recovery rate. The flotation concentrate will be transported to a purification plant for secondary processing and cleaning to produce the ultra-pure final products.
Purification and Post-Processing Activities
The purification of the graphite concentrate is expected to be performed using a proprietary, patent pending purification process that is being tested by Dorfner Anzaplan and other engineering consultants, utilizing the purchased feedstock we intend to use until the mine starts production, expected in the next eight years. The operation of the pilot process will further inform the design of the full-scale purification process to be built beginning in 2021. Once the graphite is purified to a minimum graphite carbon content of 99.95%, we will then process it through a combination of sizing, expansion, spheronization and coating to the advanced graphite products we intend to sell.
The Company has developed a new method for the purification of graphite concentrate. The process uses a combination of technologies including a caustic bake, acid leach and thermal finishing, a process that allows for a smaller and more sustainable environmental footprint than that of a hydrofluoric leaching system as used by other battery companies. This unique application developed by Westwater is the subject of a Provisional Patent Application that has been filed before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Products and Business Development
The Company is working to develop products for all potential major battery markets. Unlike many of its peers, the Company believes that no battery market should be ignored, as is often the case with most publicity currently focused on Lithium-Ion batteries. Lead-acid, alkaline and primary-lithium battery manufacturers have significantly shorter and less stringent qualification requirements compared to large-scale Lithium-Ion battery applications.
The advanced graphite products which the Company intends to develop and sell are:
● Purified Micronized Graphite. Conductivity enhancement materials for both the rechargeable and single use Lithium-Ion, Primary-Lithium, Lead-Acid, and Alkaline battery markets;
● Delaminated Expanded Graphite. Conductivity enhancement materials for both the rechargeable and single use Lithium-Ion, Primary-Lithium, Lead-Acid, and Alkaline battery markets;
● Coated Spherical Purified Graphite. For Lithium-Ion battery anodes. 95% of a Lithium-Ion battery’s anode is coated spherical purified graphite and there is 10-30 times more specialty anode graphite required for the production of these batteries than there is Lithium in a Lithium-Ion battery.
The Company has initiated discussions with several battery manufacturers (including automobile manufacturers) for the purposes of evaluating the Company’s battery-graphite products, with the goal of executing multi-year supply agreements. To date, the Company has executed Non-Disclosure Agreements with potential customers and is working to place test samples with potential customers.
CORE VALUES AND ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) CONSIDERATIONS
Westwater Resources operates according to its core values which incorporates ESG principles:
● Safety:
● Of each other
● Of our environment
● Of the communities where we work
● Of our assets
● Of our reputation
● Cost Management
● Effective and efficient use of our shareholders’ assets
● Focus on first quartile cost performance
● Reliability and Integrity
● Highest level of performance every day
● Improving our processes
● Conservative promises well kept
The Company works to be a good corporate citizen and to safeguard our employees, operations, neighbors and local communities where our employees and stakeholders live and work in the United States.
As these core values apply to our daily work, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria are applied to our decisions and actions.
Environmental Criteria and Actions
The Feasibility Study for our processing facility has commenced. Integral to that study, we are defining the raw material inputs, energy inputs, product streams, and waste streams, including air, water, solids and heat, for processing our graphite into battery products. Integrated into these input and output streams, we are defining methods of minimizing impacts to our environment, including:
● Assessing the origin of our graphite and its impact to the environment.
● Assessing the supply chain for reagents and their impact to the environment.
● Assessing the energy forecasted for use in the manufacturing of our products.
● Performing trade off studies for recycling our reagents and waste streams to ensure we have minimized our impact to the communities where we work and where we source our input materials.
Social Criteria and Actions
Westwater has a strong history in social license. The company has spent the last eight years providing scholarships to members of the Cebolleta and Juan Tafoya Land Grants in New Mexico. We have supported this scholarship effort over the years to ensure that young people are afforded an opportunity to attend colleges and universities. As a result of this work, students in Veterinary Medicine, Mining Engineering, Nursing, Pharmacology, Criminal Justice and Business Management have been able to further their education.
As part of our project design and analysis we are evaluating community needs, with input from the community, and our ability to satisfy them - whether in education, infrastructure, or in other ways applicable to community needs. We seek to understand and minimize negative impacts to all of our stakeholders.
Governance Criteria and Factors
We have methods in place to ensure we do our job to integrate and govern ESG work in our business:
● We have an HSE Committee reporting directly to the entire Board of Directors of Westwater. This committee will be replaced with an ESG Committee with a charter that reads, in part:
The ESG Committee’s primary purposes are to:
(1) provide advice, counsel and recommendations to management, who have primary responsibility for:
● health, safety, loss prevention issues and operational security,
● issues relating to sustainable development, environmental management and affairs, community relations, human rights, government relations and communications;
and (2) assist the Board in its oversight of compliance and risk management.
● We have direct experience in managing ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems. These systems are designed to provide for reliable performance in sustainable management of businesses. Once our Feasibility Study is complete, we expect to design ISO 14001 based management systems to facilitate and govern our environmental performance. This effort includes the establishment of a preliminary set of metrics for measuring that performance.
United States
Graphite extraction and processing is regulated by the federal and state governments. Compliance with such regulations has a material effect on the economics of our operations and the timing of project development. Our primary regulatory costs have been related to obtaining licenses and operating permits from federal and state agencies before the commencement of production activities, as well as the cost for maintaining compliance with licenses and permits once they have been issued. The current environmental and technical regulatory requirements for the graphite extraction and processing industry are well established. However, the regulatory process can make permitting difficult and timing unpredictable.
U.S. regulations pertaining to graphite extraction and processing continually evolve in the U.S. However, at this time we do not anticipate any adverse impact from these regulations that would be unique to our operations.
Graphite Mine Development Permits
Graphite mining and processing in Alabama requires various permits, including those for any emissions to air, water, or other aspects of the environment. Permits may be required from the State of Alabama, the U.S. Environmental Protection agency, The Army Corps of Engineers, and other State and Federal Agencies as identified in the Company’s Definitive Feasibility Study presently underway, Specifically for the mine, mine permit may be required in accordance with the Alabama Surface Mining Act of 1969. It is administrated by the Alabama Department of Labor (“DoL”). DoL issues mining permits, ensures that mine sites are properly bonded for reclamation purposes, and makes periodic inspections. A streamlined permit application process reduces the start-up time for new operations, and expedites permit renewals. A mining permit is filed by completing the “Application for Surface Mining Permit and Comprehensive Reclamation Plan” along with the $250 permit fee. The applicant must also post a cash, surety or negotiable bond in the amount of $2,500 per acre area to be disturbed payable to “Commissioner, Alabama Department of Labor”. The Coosa graphite mine may be subject to the US National Environmental Policy Act process, with potential review by various federal agencies that may include US Environmental Protection Agency, the Army Corp of Engineers, and others.
Water Rights
In Alabama, any surface or groundwater withdrawals are managed through the Alabama Water Use Reporting Program. The Alabama Water Resources Act and associated regulations establish the requirements for water withdrawals. The process begins with the submittal of an application form called a “Declaration of Beneficial Use” and other required information to the Office of Water Resources (“OWR”) within the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs. Once application information is reviewed and determined to be complete, OWR will issue what is called a Certificate of Use (“COU”) that lists the applicant’s name and information concerning all registered surface and/or groundwater withdrawal points and their withdrawal information. Entities with a capacity to withdraw more than 100,000 gallons per day are required to register with OWR and obtain a COU. The COU certify that proposed water use will not interfere with an existing water use and is beneficial.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Our internet website address is www.westwaterresources.net. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are available free of charge through our website under the tab “Investor Relations” as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We also make available on our website copies of materials regarding our corporate governance policies and practices, including our Code of Ethics, Nominating and Governance Committee Charter, Audit Committee Charter and Compensation Committee Charter. You may read and copy any materials we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain a printed copy of the foregoing materials by sending a written request to: Westwater Resources, Inc., 6950 S. Potomac Street, Suite 300, Centennial, Colorado 80112, Attention: Information Request, or by calling 303.531.0516. The information found on our internet website is not part of this or any report filed or furnished to the SEC.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business activities are subject to significant risks, including those described below. Every investor or potential investor in our securities should carefully consider these risks. If any of the described risks actually occurs, our business, financial position and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Such
risks are not the only ones we face and additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Business
We face a variety of risks related to our proposed battery-graphite manufacturing business.
We plan to develop a battery-graphite manufacturing business that produces low-cost, high-quality, and high-margin graphite products for battery manufacturers. The proposed battery-graphite manufacturing business is significantly different from our historic mining operations and carries a number of risks, including, without limitation:
● our partnership with Dorfner Anzaplan and utilization of other engineering consultants for the associated pilot scale program may fail to meet current expectations, and, as a result, we may never realize commercial scale production of graphite products;
● the definitive Feasibility Study, once completed, may conclude that our battery-graphite business plan is not economically feasible;
● unanticipated liabilities or contingencies, including those related to intellectual property;
● the need for additional capital and other resources to expand into the battery-graphite manufacturing business;
● competition from better-funded public and private companies, including from producers of synthetic graphite, and competition from foreign companies that are not subject to the same environmental and other regulations as the Company;
● difficulty in hiring personnel or acquiring the intellectual property rights and know-how needed for the proposed battery-graphite manufacturing business; and
● the potential for interruptions in our sources of graphite prior to operation of the Coosa graphite mine due to environmental and transportation risks.
Entry into a new line of business may also subject us to new laws and regulations with which we are not familiar, and may lead to increased litigation and regulatory risk. Further, our battery-graphite manufacturing business model and strategy are still evolving and are continually being reviewed and revised, and we may not be able to successfully implement our business model and strategy. We may not be able to produce graphite with the characteristics needed for battery production, and we may not be able to attract a sufficiently large number of customers. Neither the Company nor any member of its management team has directly engaged in producing graphite or similar materials before, and our lack of experience may result in delays or further complications to the new business. If we are unable to successfully implement our new battery-graphite manufacturing business, our revenue and profitability may not grow as we expect, our competitiveness may be materially and adversely affected, and our reputation and business may be harmed.
In developing our proposed battery-graphite manufacturing business, we have and will continue to invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the development of our battery-graphite manufacturing business may not be achieved. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation
of our new battery-graphite manufacturing business could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The construction and operation of pilot program facilities and commercial production facilities in Alabama or other manufacturing facilities are subject to regulatory approvals and may be subject to delays, cost overruns or may not produce expected benefits.
We began operation of a pilot-scale processing plant in 2020, designed to both manufacture battery graphite materials in quantities suitable for potential customer testing and to inform a definitive Feasibility Study scheduled for mid-2021, which is expected to be followed by construction of a commercial scale processing facility in 2022 that purifies readily available graphite flake concentrates from various sources to 99.95% pure carbon. Construction projects of this scale are subject to risks and will require significant capital. Any failure to complete these plants on schedule and within budget could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Construction projects are also subject to broad and strict government supervision and approval procedures, including but not limited to project approvals and filings, construction land and project planning approvals, environment protection approvals, pollution discharge permits, work safety approvals and the completion of inspection and acceptance by relevant authorities. As a result, we may be subject to administrative uncertainty, fines or the suspension of work on such projects. To the extent we are unable to successfully complete construction on time or at all, our ability to develop our proposed battery-graphite manufacturing business could be adversely affected, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, growth prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
WWR is not producing any products at a commercial scale at this time. As a result, we do not currently have a reliable source of operating cash. If we cannot successfully transition to commercial scale production of graphite and vanadium, partner with another company that has cash resources, find other means of generating and/or access additional sources of private or public capital, we may not be able to remain in business.
We do not have a committed source of financing for the development of our graphite or vanadium projects. Pursuant to our modified preliminary economic assessment of the Coosa Graphite Project, the capital expenditures to construct the commercial scale processing facility are estimated at approximately $120 million, and delays in constructing the commercial scale processing facility and other cost overruns may increase that estimate significantly. As of February 11, 2021, we have $101 million in cash, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, for the remainder of the amount needed to construct the commercial scale processing facility or develop our properties. Our inability to construct the commercial scale processing facility or develop our properties would have a material adverse effect on our future operations.
We have incurred losses and have had no revenue from operations since 2009, and we expect to continue to incur losses in the foreseeable future. We have no way to generate cash inflows outside of financing activities and we will continue to incur operating losses until we begin graphite and/or vanadium production on a scale sufficient to generate revenues to fund continuing operations, which cannot be assured. Our future graphite production is dependent on completion of the commercial scale processing facility and successful implementation of graphite purification technology. Our future vanadium production is dependent upon the completion of an evaluation plan that will assess the amount, location and size of vanadium concentrations at our Coosa Project mine in Alabama. We can provide no assurance that we will successfully produce graphite on a commercial scale, that our properties will be placed into production or that we will be able to continue to find, develop, acquire and
finance additional reserves. If we fail to reach commercial scale production and cannot find other means of generating revenue other than producing graphite and vanadium and/or access additional sources of private or public capital, we may not be able to remain in business and holders of our securities may lose their entire investment.
Volatility in graphite and vanadium prices may result in the Company not receiving an adequate return on invested capital.
Unless and until the Company produces natural graphite from the Coosa graphite deposit in Alabama, which is not projected to occur until the next eight to ten years at the earliest, the Company will be exposed to fluctuations in the price of natural flake graphite, which may increase substantially as the demand for graphite increases. In addition, the Company’s graphite and vanadium exploration and development activities may be significantly adversely affected by volatility in the price of graphite or vanadium. The success of our mining operations and ability to achieve positive cash flow is dependent on our ability to develop our properties and then operate them at a profit sufficient to finance further mining activities and for the acquisition and development of additional properties. Any profit will necessarily be dependent upon, and affected by, the long and short-term market prices of graphite and vanadium. Mineral prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control such as global and regional supply and demand, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, and the political and economic conditions of mineral-producing countries throughout the world. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in the Company’s graphite and vanadium activities not producing an adequate return on invested capital to be profitable or viable. In addition, a significant, sustained drop in graphite and vanadium prices would cause us to recognize impairment of the carrying value of our graphite and vanadium or other assets, which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s financial conditions and results of operations
Our operations are each subject to environmental risks.
We are required to comply with environmental protection laws, regulations and permitting requirements in the United States, and we anticipate that we will be required to continue to do so in the future in connection with both our proposed graphite manufacturing business and our proposed graphite and vanadium mining operations. We have expended significant resources, both financial and managerial, to comply with environmental protection laws, regulations and permitting requirements, and we anticipate that we will be required to continue to do so in the future. The material laws and regulations within the U.S. include the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Federal Land Policy Management Act, National Park System Mining Regulations Act, the State Mined Land Reclamation Acts or State Department of Environmental Quality regulations and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the rules and regulations of the NEPA, the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) as applicable.
We cannot predict what environmental legislation, regulation or policy will be enacted or adopted in the future or how future laws and regulations will be administered or interpreted. The recent trend in environmental legislation and regulation, generally, is toward stricter standards, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. This recent trend includes, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to air and water quality, reclamation, waste handling and disposal, the protection of certain species, the preservation of certain lands, and epidemics and pandemics to the degree they impact us or our activities. These regulations may require the acquisition of permits or other authorizations for certain activities. These laws and regulations may also limit or prohibit activities on certain lands. Compliance with more stringent laws and regulations, as well as potentially more vigorous enforcement policies or stricter interpretation of existing laws, may necessitate significant capital
outlays, may materially affect our results of operations and business or may cause material changes or delay to our intended activities.
Our operations may require additional analysis in the future including environmental, cultural and social impact and other related studies. Certain activities require the submission and approval of environmental impact assessments. Environmental assessments of proposed projects carry a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and directors, officers and employees. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to obtain or maintain all necessary permits that may be required to continue our operation or exploration of our properties or, if feasible, to commence development, construction or operation of mining facilities at such properties on terms which enable operations to be conducted at economically justifiable costs. If we are unable to obtain or maintain permits or water rights for development of our properties or otherwise fail to manage adequately future environmental issues, our operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Competition from better-capitalized companies affects prices and our ability to acquire both properties and personnel.
There is global competition for capital, graphite and vanadium customers and the employment and retention of qualified personnel. In the production and marketing of graphite and vanadium, there are a number of producing entities, some of which are government controlled and most of which are significantly larger and better capitalized than we are. Many of these organizations also have substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing and distribution resources than we have.
Because we have limited capital, inherent manufacturing and mining risks pose a significant threat to us compared with our larger competitors.
Because we have limited capital, we may be unable to withstand significant losses that can result from inherent risks associated with manufacturing and mining, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, flooding, earthquake, interruptions due to weather conditions and other acts of nature which larger competitors could withstand. Such risks could result in damage to or destruction of our infrastructure and production facilities, as well as to adjacent properties, personal injury, environmental damage and processing and production delays, causing monetary losses and possible legal liability. Our business could be harmed if we lose the services of our key personnel.
Our business and mineral exploration and processing programs depend upon our ability to employ the services of geologists, engineers and other experts. In operating our business and in order to continue our programs, we compete for the services of professionals with other mineral exploration and processing companies and businesses. In addition, several entities have expressed an interest in hiring certain of our employees. Our ability to maintain and expand our business and continue our exploration programs may be impaired if we are unable to continue to employ or engage those parties currently providing services and expertise to us or identify and engage other qualified personnel to do so in their place. To retain key employees, we may face increased compensation costs, including potential new stock incentive grants and there can be no assurance that the incentive measures we implement will be successful in helping us retain our key personnel.
Our patents and other protective measures may not adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property, and we may be infringing on the rights of others.
Our intellectual property, particularly our proprietary rights to an improved method for the purification of graphite concentrate, is critical to our success. We have filed a provisional patent application in the United States, and we generally enter into confidentiality and invention agreements with our employees and consultants.
We cannot assure that a patent application will result in an issued patent and our failure to secure rights under the patent application may limit our ability to protect the intellectual property rights at the core of our proposed graphite production business. In addition, such patent protection and agreements and various other measures we take to protect our intellectual property from use by others may not be effective for various reasons generally applicable to patents and their granting and enforcement. In addition, the costs associated with enforcing patents, confidentiality and invention agreements or other intellectual property rights may be expensive. Our inability to protect our proprietary intellectual property rights or gain a competitive advantage from such rights could harm our ability to generate revenues and, as a result, our business and operations.
We could also become subject to litigation claiming that our intellectual property or proprietary information infringes the rights of a third party. In that event, we could incur substantial defense costs and, if such litigation is successful, we could be required to pay the claimant damages and royalties for our past and future use of such intellectual property or proprietary information, or we could be prohibited from using it in the future, which could prevent us from pursuing our graphite production business, or we could be required to modify our process and facilities. Our inability to use our intellectual property and proprietary information on a cost-effective basis in the future could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, cash flow and profitability.
Pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19 virus), may disrupt our business, supply chains and the business of our business partners, which could materially affect our operations, liquidity and results of operations.
We face various risks related to health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks, including the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”). The continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which increases the cost of capital and adversely impacts access to capital. If significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations will likely be impacted. In addition, our costs may increase as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. These cost increases may not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance.
It is possible that the continued spread of COVID-19 could also further cause disruption in our supply chains, adversely affect our business partners, delay our plans to advance our pilot or commercial facilities or cause other unpredictable events. We continue to work with our stakeholders to address this global pandemic responsibly. In addition, we continue to monitor the situation, to assess further possible implications to our business, and to take actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences. We cannot at this time predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it could have material adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.
The timing and amount of compensation relating to the revocation of the mining and exploration licenses for our Temrezli and Sefaatli projects is yet to be determined.
On June 20, 2018, the General Directorate of Mining Affairs, a department of the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, notified the Company that the mining and exploration licenses for its Temrezli and Sefaatli projects located in Turkey had been revoked and potential compensation would be proffered. Westwater has reached out on numerous occasions to the Turkish government to resolve this dispute amicably, to reinstate the licenses and to remedy its unlawful actions, but to no avail. As a result, on December 13, 2018 Westwater filed a Request for Arbitration against the Republic of Turkey before ICSID, pursuant to the Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Turkey concerning the Reciprocal Encouragement and Protection of Investments. On December 21, 2018, ICSID advised that it had formally “registered” the Request for Arbitration. On March 11, 2020, Turkey filed a request to bifurcate the arbitration proceeding, and on March
30, 2020, Westwater filed a response in opposition to Turkey’s request for bifurcation. On April 28, 2020, the arbitral tribunal denied Turkey’s bifurcation request. On May 13, 2020, Turkey filed with the arbitral tribunal a request, which Westwater elected not to oppose, to extend the date on which their Counter-Memorial must be filed (and to change dates for subsequent pleadings as well as document production and witness identification deadlines), which the tribunal approved on June 3, 2020. As a result of these decisions by the tribunal, Turkey filed its Counter-Memorial on September 14, 2020. The hearing on the substantive issues and damages is scheduled for September 13-17, 2021.
While the Company intends to continue to seek full and fair compensation for the licenses through arbitration with ICSID, the timing of such compensation is yet to be determined. In addition, the Company can provide no assurance about the amount of compensation, if any and an adverse result could have an adverse impact on the Company’s financial conditions and results of operations.
We may not realize the full anticipated benefits of the sale of our uranium assets to enCore Energy Corp.
We may not realize the full anticipated benefits of the sale of our uranium assets to enCore, in which case our business, financial results or operations could be adversely affected. Under the terms of the enCore Purchase Agreement, enCore granted to Westwater a 2% net smelter return royalty on production from the uranium properties held by Uranco, Inc. in New Mexico at the time of the closing, and a 2.5% net profits interest on the profits from operations of Neutron Energy, Inc.’s Juan Tafoya and Cebolleta Projects. If either the royalty or net profits interest is terminated, or if the terms of each are otherwise modified, we may not realize the full anticipated benefits of the sale of our uranium assets, and our business may be adversely affected.
Additionally, the Company anticipates cost-savings of approximately $4 million annually, which were previously tied to land payments, reclamation expenses and operating costs associated with the uranium properties. There can be no assurance that we will realize any anticipated benefits of these cost-savings, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Exploration and Mining Activities
Exploration and development of graphite and vanadium properties are risky and subject to great uncertainties.
The exploration for and development of graphite and vanadium deposits involves significant risks. It is impossible to ensure that the current and future exploration programs on our existing properties will establish reserves. Whether an ore body will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; graphite and vanadium prices, which cannot be predicted and which have been highly volatile in the past; mining, processing and transportation costs; perceived levels of political risk and the willingness of lenders and investors to provide project financing; availability of labor, labor costs and possible labor strikes; availability of drilling rigs; and governmental regulations, including, without limitation, regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting materials, foreign exchange, environmental protection, employment, worker safety, transportation, and reclamation and closure obligations. Most exploration projects do not result in the discovery of commercially mineable deposits of minerals and there can be no assurance that any of our exploration stage properties will be commercially mineable or can be brought into production.
The size and extent of the Company’s vanadium mineral reserves at the Coosa Project is unknown and may not be in sufficient quantities to make its extraction and processing economically feasible.
The Company recently discovered significant vanadium concentrations at the Coosa Project and has developed an exploration plan to further investigate the size and extent of those concentrations. While there can be no assurance that the size and extent of those concentrations will end up being economically feasible, even if the Company finds vanadium in sufficient quantities to warrant recovery, it ultimately may not be recoverable. Finally, even if any vanadium is recoverable, the Company does not know whether recovery can be done at a profit. Our vanadium activities are highly prospective, face a high risk of failure and may not result in any benefit to the Company.
Potential investors should be aware of the difficulties normally encountered by new mineral exploration ventures and the high rate of failure of such ventures. The likelihood of success of the Company’s vanadium exploration activities must be considered in light of the potential problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays encountered in connection with the exploration of new mineral properties. These potential problems include, but are not limited to, unanticipated problems relating to exploration and additional costs and expenses that may exceed current estimates. The expenditures to be made by the Company in the exploration of its new vanadium claims may not result in the discovery of new vanadium deposits. Problems such as unusual or unexpected formations and other conditions are involved in new mineral exploration and often result in unsuccessful exploration efforts. If the results of the Company’s new exploration ventures do not reveal viable commercial mineralization, it may decide to abandon its claims. If this happens, the Company will not benefit from any of the expenditures it will incur in pursuing the claims.
The Company does not have and may not be able to obtain surface or access rights to all or a portion of the Coosa Project.
Although the Company has rights to the minerals in the ground at the Coosa Project, the Company does not have rights to, or ownership of, the surface to the areas covered by its mineral rights. While applicable mining laws usually provide for rights of access to the surface for the purpose of carrying on mining activities, the enforcement of such rights through the courts can be costly and time consuming. It may be necessary for the Company to negotiate surface access or to purchase the surface rights if long-term access is required. There can be no guarantee that, despite having the right at law to access the surface and carry on mining activities, the Company will be able to negotiate satisfactory agreements with any such existing landowners/occupiers for such access or purchase such surface rights, and therefore it may be unable to carry out planned exploration or mining activities at the Coosa Project. In addition, in circumstances where such access is denied, or no agreement can be reached, the Company may need to rely on the assistance of local officials or the courts in such jurisdiction the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with any certainty. The inability of the Company to secure surface access or purchase required surface rights could materially and adversely affect the timing, cost or overall ability of the Company to develop any mineral deposits it may locate at the Coosa Project.
Because mineral exploration and development activities are inherently risky, we may be exposed to environmental liabilities and other dangers. If we are unable to maintain adequate insurance, or liabilities exceed the limits of our insurance policies, we may be unable to continue operations.
The business of mineral exploration and extraction involves a high degree of risk. Few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into production. Unusual or unexpected formations, formation pressures, fires, power outages, labor disruptions, flooding, explosions, cave-ins, landslides and the inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment or labor are other risks involved in extraction operations and the conduct of exploration programs. Previous mining operations may have caused environmental damage at certain
of our properties. It may be difficult or impossible to assess the extent to which such damage was caused by us or by the activities of previous operators, in which case, any indemnities and exemptions from liability may be ineffective. If any of our properties are found to have commercial quantities of minerals, we would be subject to additional risks respecting any development and production activities.
Although we carry property and liability insurance with respect to our mineral development and exploration operations, we may become subject to liability for damage to life and property, environmental damage, cave-ins or hazards against which we cannot insure or against which we may elect not to insure because of cost or other business reasons. In addition, the insurance industry is undergoing change and premiums are being increased. If we are unable to procure adequate insurance because of cost, unavailability or otherwise, we might be forced to cease operations.
Closure and remediation costs for environmental liabilities may exceed the provisions we have made.
Natural resource companies are required to close their operations and remediate the lands in accordance with a variety of environmental laws and regulations. Estimates of the total ultimate closure and remediation costs for extractive operations are significant and based principally on current legal and regulatory requirements and closure plans that may change materially. Any underestimated or unanticipated remediation costs could materially affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Environmental liabilities are accrued when they become known, are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Whenever a previously unrecognized remediation liability becomes known, or a previously estimated reclamation cost is increased, the amount of that liability and additional cost will be recorded at that time and could materially reduce our consolidated net income in the related period.
The laws and regulations governing closure and remediation in a particular jurisdiction are subject to review at any time and may be amended to impose additional requirements and conditions which may cause our provisions for environmental liabilities to be underestimated and could materially affect our financial position or results of operations.
Reserve and other mineralized material calculations are estimates only, and are subject to uncertainty due to factors including the prices of graphite and vanadium inherent variability of the ore and recoverability of graphite and vanadium in the recovery process.
The calculation of reserves, other mineralized material tons and grades are estimates and depend upon geological interpretation and geostatistical relationships or assumptions drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, which may prove to be unpredictable. There is a degree of uncertainty attributable to the calculation of reserves and mineralized material and their corresponding grades. Until reserves and other mineralized materials are actually mined and processed, the quantity of ore and grades must be considered as an estimate only. In addition, the quantity of reserves and other mineralized materials may vary depending on the price of graphite and vanadium. Any material change in the quantity of reserves, other mineralized materials, mineralization or grade may affect the economic viability of our properties.
Title to the Coosa Project may be subject to defects in title or other claims, which could affect our property rights and claims.
There are risks that title to the Coosa Project may be challenged or impugned. There may be valid challenges to the title of the Coosa Project which, if successful, could impair development or operations. This is particularly the case because we hold our interest solely through a lease, as such interest is substantially based on contract as opposed to a direct interest in the property.
The lease agreements pursuant to which the Company has interests in the Coosa Project provide that the Company must make a series of cash payments over certain time periods. Failure by the Company to make such payments in a timely fashion may result in the Company losing its interest in the Coosa Project. There can be no assurance that the Company will have, or be able to obtain, the necessary financial resources to be able to maintain the lease agreements in good standing, or to be able to comply with all of its obligations thereunder, which could result in the Company forfeiting its interest in the Coosa Project.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile and may fluctuate significantly, which may adversely impact investor confidence and results and increase the likelihood of securities class action litigation.
Our common stock price has experienced substantial volatility in the past and may remain volatile in the future. During 2020, the sale price of our common stock ranged from a high of $14.50 per share to a low of $0.25 per share. Volatility in our stock price can be driven by many factors including, but not limited to, market conditions in the energy materials industry, announcements that we may make regarding our business plans or strategy, including announcements concerning our anticipated battery-graphite business or the sale of our uranium assets to enCore Energy in a transaction that closed on December 31, 2020, the substantial increase in the sale and issuance of shares of our common stock to finance our operations and the accuracy of expectations and predictions of analysts and the market as they pertain to our future business prospects. In addition, the price of our common stock may increase or decrease substantially for reasons unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. If our common stock continues to experience substantial price volatility, any shares investors purchase may rapidly lose some or substantially all of their value.
Shareholders of a public company sometimes bring securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Furthermore, our ability to raise funds through the issuance of equity or otherwise use our common stock as consideration is impacted by the price of our common stock. A low stock price may adversely impact our ability to fund our operating and growth plans, including the Coosa Graphite Project, which would harm our business and prospects.
The Company has no history of paying dividends on its common stock, and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.
The Company has not previously paid dividends on its common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain all of our available cash, if any, for use as working capital and for other general corporate purposes. Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applicable to the payment of dividends and other considerations that our Board of
Directors deems relevant. Investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize a return on their investment.
Terms of subsequent financings may adversely impact holders of our securities.
In order to finance our future production plans and working capital needs, we may have to raise funds through the issuance of equity or debt securities. Depending on the type and the terms of any financing we pursue, holders of our securities’ rights and the value of their investment in our common stock could be reduced. A financing could involve one or more types of securities including common stock, convertible debt or warrants to acquire common stock. These securities could be issued at or below the then prevailing market price for our common stock. We currently have no authorized preferred stock. In addition, if we issue secured debt securities, the holders of the debt would have a claim to our assets that would be prior to the rights of holders of our other securities until the debt is paid. Interest on these debt securities would increase costs and negatively impact operating results. If the issuance of new securities results in diminished rights to holders of our common stock, the market price of our common stock could be negatively impacted.
Shareholders would be diluted if we use common stock to raise capital, and the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our common stock to fall.
We plan to seek additional capital to carry out our business plan. This financing could involve one or more types of securities including common stock, convertible debt or warrants to acquire common stock. These securities could be issued at or below the then prevailing market price for our common stock. Any issuance of additional shares of our common stock could be dilutive to existing holders of our securities and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
On December 4, 2020, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has committed to purchase up to $100,000,000 of our common stock. The shares of our common stock that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to Lincoln Park at our discretion from time to time over a 36-month period commencing after the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, which conditions were satisfied on January 7, 2021. As of February 11, 2021, we have received $6.6 million in aggregate gross proceeds from prior sales of 0.9 million shares under the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the price of our common stock. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our common stock to fall.
After Lincoln Park has acquired the shares, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock to Lincoln Park, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
GRAPHITE PROJECT
Through its acquisition of Alabama Graphite Corporation, Westwater gained control of an advanced graphite exploration project, the Coosa Project. The project area is situated in east-central Alabama, approximately 50 miles southeast of the city of Birmingham and 25 miles south-southwest of the town of Sylacauga.
Coosa Project
General. The Coosa graphite project is situated in east-central Alabama, near the western end of Coosa County. The project is located near the southwestern-most extent of the Alabama graphite belt.
The Property. The Coosa Project is comprised of a lease of privately-owned mineral rights from a single land owner covering an overall area of approximately 41,964 acres (approximately 65.6 square miles). The various property parcels that comprise the lease are contiguous with each other, except for a few small and isolated parcels which are situated in the far south part of the project area. The lease has a series of five-year terms (commencing August 1, 2012) that are not to exceed 70 years in total. Under the terms of the lease the Company is required to make annual payments of $10,000 for the original lease in order to maintain our property rights. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the mineral estate a net smelter returns royalty of 2.00% for any production and sale of graphite, vanadium and other minerals derived from the leased lands. There is a further obligation to pay a 0.50% net smelter return royalty, not to exceed $150,000, and make payments of $100,000 at the time of completion of a “bankable feasibility study” and an additional $150,000 upon completion of “full permitting” of the leased property. These payments are payable to an unaffiliated third-party. The Company does not hold any surface rights in the project area.
Accessibility. Access to the Coosa Project is good. The general area of the project is accessible from local and regional population centers via a network of paved federal, state and county two-lane highways. Various parts of the project lands are traversed by numerous partially maintained dirt and gravel logging roads.
History. The Coosa Project is situated near the southwestern end of the Alabama Graphite Belt, which is a northeast-trending group of graphite deposits and occurrences that are situated in the central and eastern parts of the state. The initial attempt to produce graphite mineralization in the belt commenced in 1888, with efforts focusing upon prospects located to the northeast of the region of the Coosa Project. The first commercial production of graphite from deposits in the Alabama Graphite Belt was in 1899 and limited activities continued at least into the 1940s. Within the lands that comprise the Coosa Project graphite production was carried out at the Fixico mine, which operated intermittently between 1902 and 1908. Other graphite prospects in the project area were evaluated but no efforts were made to mine any other prospects in the project area. Alabama Graphite acquired property rights that comprise the Coosa Project and carried out trenching and drilling programs and completed an aerial geophysical survey of a portion of the project area between 2012 and 2015.
Project Geology. The Coosa Project is located at the southern-most end of the Appalachian mountain range in east-central Alabama. Within the Appalachian Mountains a group of Precambrian to Paleozoic age metamorphic rocks host scattered graphite deposits, in an area known as the Alabama Graphite Belt. At the Coosa Project graphite mineralization, sometimes associated with vanadium mineralization, is hosted within the Higgins Ferry Group, which is comprised of coarse to fine-grained biotite-feldspar-quartz gneiss, various quartz-muscovite and quartz-muscovite-graphite schist, quartzite and altered mafic rocks. The rocks of the Higgins Ferry Group are thought to be Precambrian to Paleozoic in age. In the project area graphite (and vanadium) mineralization is hosted in a series of quartz-muscovite-biotite-graphite and quartz-graphite schists that are generally medium to coarse grained, and are moderately foliated and somewhat contorted. The graphitic schist units are occasionally cut by pegmatites, which are unmineralized with respect to graphite and vanadium. Graphite grades in the quartz-muscovite-biotite-graphite schist are generally 1 percent graphite or less, while graphite grades in the quartz-graphite schist commonly exceed 1 percent. The graphitic schists are moderately to strongly weathered to depths that may extend 10s of feet to occasionally more than 100 feet, and can generally be considered to be surface minable.
Project Activities. Prior to its acquisition by Westwater, Alabama Graphite carried out several exploration programs to identify and partially define the extent and magnitude of graphite mineralization at the Coosa Project, including core and sonic drilling, trenching and sampling, and an airborne geophysical survey. As a result of this exploration a near-surface graphite deposit (the “Coosa deposit”) was defined in the central portion of the project area. A study of the magnitude and extent of the graphite resources of the Coosa deposit was completed by an independent third-party engineering firm, as was the preparation of a preliminary mine plan for possible future development of the deposit.
Since completing acquisition, the Company has revised and re-written the business plan for Alabama Graphite. The Company will now focus its immediate attention not only on defining and upgrading the Coosa project mineral deposit, but will advance the construction of a production facility, in advance of mine development. We will start production of battery products on feedstock acquired from third-party suppliers, until such time that the Coosa mine attains production. At that time, we can continue utilizing purchased feedstock and mined material to make the best possible products. We have selected a third-party source of graphite feedstock.
Production Pilot Operations. The Company is currently conducting its pilot program. During the pilot scale program, graphite concentrates are purified and turned into battery grade advance products. The majority of the pilot program has been or will be performed at contracted laboratories. The purified material is manufactured into our three products, purified micronized graphite, coated spherical purified graphite and delaminated expanded graphite. Once the pilot program is completed, the Company can move toward full scale production.
Permitting Status. The Company does not hold any active permits for the project, but is currently reviewing local, State, and federal permit requirements for future project development.
WORK COMPLETED ON PROPERTIES IN 2020
Statement of Operations
Balance Sheet
Mineral
Property,
Operating
Property
Plant &
Restoration
Total
Property
Expenses
Expenses
Impairment
Equipment
Liability
Expenditures
(expressed in thousands of dollars)
Rosita project
$
$
$
1,161
$
-
$
$
2,177
Kingsville Dome project
-
1,066
Vasquez project
-
1,353
Butler Ranch project
-
-
-
-
Cebolleta project
-
3,325
-
-
3,716
Juan Tafoya project
-
-
-
Work completed on discontinued operations
$
1,583
$
1,023
$
5,200
$
$
1,262
$
9,169
Coosa project
$
-
$
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
Bama project
-
-
-
-
Work completed on continuing operations
$
-
$
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
INFRASTRUCTURE
The Company’s carrying value of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2020 is as follows:
Net Property, Plant and Equipment at December 31, 2020
(thousands of dollars)
Alabama
Corporate
Total
Mineral rights and properties
$
8,972
$
-
$
8,972
Other property, plant and equipment
-
Total
$
8,972
$
$
8,985
INSURANCE
Our properties are covered by various types of insurance including property and casualty, liability and umbrella coverage. We have not experienced any material uninsured or under insured losses related to our properties in the past and believe that sufficient insurance coverage is in place.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
DISPUTE WITH FABRICE TAYLOR
On June 29, 2017, Alabama Graphite, two of its former officers and one former director were named as defendants in a lawsuit filed in the Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada and styled Fabrice Taylor v. Alabama Graphite Corp., et. al., CV-17-578049. The plaintiff in the lawsuit is the publisher of an investment newsletter and the complaint alleges that the defendants made certain postings on an internet website that were allegedly defamatory of the plaintiff and made certain oral statements to third parties that were allegedly
slanderous of the plaintiff, and as a result the complaint seeks damages in the amount of CAD$3.0 million, unspecified punitive damages and permanent injunctive relief. On August 9, 2017, as amended on August 29, 2017, the defendants responded to the complaint, denied the allegations contained in the complaint, filed counter-claims alleging that plaintiff made certain statements on the internet that were defamatory of the defendants, and set forth general, specific, aggravated and punitive damages in the total amount of CAD $7.0 million as well as permanent injunctive relief. The lawsuit has not been prosecuted by the plaintiff and no schedule yet exists for its resolution or a trial on the merits.
ARBITRATION AGAINST TURKEY
On December 13, 2018, Westwater filed a Request for Arbitration against Turkey before the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”), pursuant to the Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Turkey concerning the Reciprocal Encouragement and Protection of Investments. The Request for Arbitration was filed as a result of Turkey’s unlawful actions against the Company’s investments at the Temrezli and Sefaatli uranium projects owned by Westwater’s Turkish subsidiary Adur Madencilik Limited Sirketi (“Adur”). Specifically, in January 2018, Turkish governmental officials informed Adur’s representatives that the government intended to cancel all of Adur’s exploration and operating licenses and requested from Adur reasons why they should not do so. In March 2018, Adur’s representatives provided Turkish governmental offices with reasons not to revoke the licenses. Notwithstanding the explanations provided, in June 2018, the Turkish government cancelled all of Adur’s exploration and operating licenses with retroactive effect, rendering Westwater’s investment in Adur effectively worthless. While the Turkish authorities had variously issued, renewed and overseen these licenses for more than a decade, they asserted for the first time in June 2018 that the licenses were issued by mistake and that the Turkish government has a governmental monopoly over all uranium mining activities in Turkey, in violation of Westwater’s rights under Turkish and international law. Westwater reached out on numerous occasions in 2018 to the Turkish government to resolve the dispute amicably and to remedy its unlawful actions, but to no avail.
As a result, on December 13, 2018, Westwater filed before ICSID its arbitration request against the Republic of Turkey. On December 21, 2018, ICSID registered Westwater’s Request for Arbitration. On May 1, 2019, the three-member ICISD Panel for the arbitration was established - one of the members was selected by Westwater, another was selected by Turkey, and the third Panel member (serving as Chair) was selected by the two party-appointed arbitrators. On September 9, 2019, the ICSID Panel issued Procedural Order #1, which places the locale for the proceeding in Washington D.C., and sets numerous dates for both parties to make various filings.
On January 27, 2020, Westwater filed its Memorial, which is a document that sets out Westwater’s case. On March 11, 2020, Turkey filed a request to bifurcate the arbitration proceeding and on March 30, 2020, Westwater filed a response in opposition to Turkey’s request for bifurcation. In Procedural Order #2 issued on April 28, 2020, the arbitral tribunal denied Turkey’s bifurcation request. On May 13, 2020, Turkey filed with the arbitral tribunal a request, which Westwater elected not to oppose, to extend the date on which their Counter-Memorial must be filed (and to change dates for subsequent pleadings as well as document production and witness identification deadlines), which the arbitral tribunal approved on June 3, 2020. As a result of these decisions by the tribunal, Turkey filed its Counter-Memorial on September 14, 2020. The hearing on the substantive issues and damages is scheduled for September 13-17, 2021.
OTHER
The Company is subject to periodic inspection by certain regulatory agencies for the purpose of determining compliance by the Company with the conditions of its licenses. In the ordinary course of business,
minor violations may occur; however, these are not expected to result in material expenditures or have any other material adverse effect on the Company.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
STOCK INFORMATION
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “WWR.” As of February 1, 2021, there were 277 holders of record of our common stock.
We have never paid any cash or other dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying dividends for the foreseeable future. We expect to retain our earnings, if any, for the growth and development of our business. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our Board of Directors may consider relevant.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements as of and for the two years ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under the section heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” above and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above.
INTRODUCTION
Westwater Resources, Inc. is a 44-year-old public company focused on battery graphite development. Originally incorporated in 1977 as Uranium Resources, Inc. to mine uranium in Texas, our company has been reborn as an energy materials developer. Westwater now is focused on battery-ready graphite materials after its acquisition of Alabama Graphite Corp. (“Alabama Graphite”) and its Coosa Graphite Project (“Coosa Project”) in Alabama in April 2018. Westwater recently discovered significant vanadium concentrations at the Coosa Project and has developed an exploration plan to further investigate the size and extent of those concentrations.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Definitive Feasibility Study on the Coosa Graphite Project
On February 4, 2021, Westwater entered into a Master Services Agreement (the “Master Services Agreement”) with Samuel Engineering, Inc. (“Samuel”) for various engineering support and consulting services in connection with the Company’s Coosa Graphite Project definitive feasibility study (the “Feasibility Study”).
Under the terms of the Master Services Agreement and as a part of the Feasibility Study, Samuel will, among other things, conduct studies that address the Coosa Project’s location, raw materials, product quality, infrastructure and other preliminary assessments, which will provide cost estimates for Phases I and II of the Coosa Project, identify long-lead items and provide detailed specifications for these items to be ordered, as well as prepare designs and drawings for the detailed engineering phase prior to construction.
The DFS is scheduled to be completed by the end of the second quarter of FY2021. Westwater plans to utilize the Definitive Feasibility Study as a basis for engaging financial institutions and to start the construction of the plant, which is anticipated for the end of 2021. Completion of Phase I is planned for the end of 2022, with production anticipated in 2023.
Sale of Uranium Business
On December 31, 2020, Westwater Resources, Inc. (“Westwater”), its wholly owned subsidiary URI Neutron Holdings II, Inc. (“Neutron Holdings”), and enCore Energy Corp. (“enCore”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which Westwater and Neutron Holdings agreed to sell their subsidiaries engaged in the uranium business in Texas and New Mexico (the “Uranium Subsidiaries”) to enCore on the terms and subject to the conditions in the Purchase Agreement (the “Transaction”). The Transaction closed December 31, 2020.
At the closing of the Transaction, enCore delivered $0.7 million in cash and issued $1.8 million worth of its common shares to Westwater, valued at the volume weighted average price of enCore’s common shares for the ten trading days ending on and including December 30, 2020, and Westwater and Neutron Holdings transferred all of the equity interests in the Uranium Subsidiaries to enCore along with a copy of a database relating to the Grants Mineral Belt located in New Mexico. In addition, enCore delivered to Westwater a 2% net smelter return royalty on production from the uranium properties held by Uranco, Inc. in New Mexico at the time of the closing, and a 2.5% net profits interest on the profits from operations of Neutron Energy, Inc.’s Juan Tafoya and Cebolleta Projects. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, enCore has also agreed to replace the indemnification obligations of Westwater for certain reclamation surety bonds held in the name of URI, Inc., and Westwater will assign and transfer to enCore all rights to cash collateral held to secure such indemnity obligations.
Also, at the closing Westwater delivered $0.3 million in cash to enCore, which amount will be delivered in escrow to the lender under the loan made to URI, Inc. in May 2020 pursuant to the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The escrowed amount will be released to Westwater upon, and subject to, forgiveness of the PPP Loan under the terms of the CARES Act. In the event that all or a portion of the PPP Loan is ineligible for forgiveness, the lender will retain the escrowed amount up to the amount of the unforgiven portion of the PPP Loan, plus interest. No assurance is provided that URI, Inc. will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part.
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnification provisions. The closing of the Transaction was subject to various closing conditions, including, without limitation, the accuracy of the representations and warranties and certain customary and required governmental and stock exchange approvals.
Equity Financings
Significant Capital Raises in January and February 2021
During the month of January 2021, the Company sold 9.3 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $47.3 million pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. These shares were sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement filed on December 4, 2020 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5) as a takedown off the Company’s shelf registration statement which had been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 1, 2020.
Also, during the month of February 2021, the Company sold 0.9 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $6.6 million pursuant to the December 2020 PA with Lincoln Park. These shares were sold pursuant to a Form S-3 registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 4, 2020.
The receipt of combined net proceeds in the amount of $53.9 million from these financing facilities has resulted in a cash balance of approximately $101 million at February 11, 2020. The significant treasury balance has mitigated the Company’s capital risk through 2021 and 2022 as the Company’s budgeted pilot program for processing battery-grade graphite and the remaining budgeted product development costs are now fully funded, and the Company will be able to make substantial initial investment in the commercial graphite plant in the latter half of 2021.
December 2020 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital, LLC (“Lincoln Park”)
On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park (“the “December 2020 PA”) to place up to $100.0 million in the aggregate of the Company's common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 36 months. The Company controls the timing and amount of any sales to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases in accordance with the December 2020 PA. Any common stock that is sold to Lincoln Park will occur at a purchase price that is based on an agreed upon fixed discount to the Company's prevailing market prices at the time of each sale and with no upper limits to the price Lincoln Park may pay to purchase common stock. The agreement may be terminated by the Company at any time, in its sole discretion, without any additional cost or penalty.
The December 2020 PA specifically provides that the Company may not issue or sell any shares of its common stock under the agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market. In particular, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) provides that the Company may not issue or sell more than 19.99% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the December 2020 PA without shareholder approval.
Lincoln Park has no right to require the Company to sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park, but Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs, subject to certain conditions. In all instances, the Company may not sell shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the December 2020 PA if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of its common stock.
The Company did not sell any of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the December 2020 PA during 2020. From January 1, 2021 to February 11, 2021, the Company sold 0.9 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $6.6 million.
Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”)
On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “ATM Offering Agreement”) with Cantor acting as sales agent. Under the ATM Offering Agreement, the Company may from time to time sell shares of its common stock in “at-the-market” offerings. The Company pays Cantor a commission of up to 2.5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement.
During 2020, the Company sold 11.0 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $49.9 million and from January 1, 2021 to February 5, 2021, the Company sold 9.3 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $47.3 million under the ATM Offering Agreement. As of February 5, 2021, the Company has no shares of common stock registered for sale under the ATM Offering Agreement.
Vanadium Target Identification
In late November 2018, Westwater announced the discovery of significant concentration of vanadium mineralization at several locations, hosted in the graphitic schists at the Company’s Coosa, Alabama Project. Westwater subsequently commenced the first of a four-phase exploration program designed to determine the extent, character and quality of the vanadium mineralization at Coosa. As announced by the Company on February 19, 2019, the first phase demonstrated widespread positive values for vanadium that extended beyond the Coosa graphite deposit, as defined in the 2015 Preliminary Economic Assessment for the Coosa Project. The second phase of this project is expected to begin during the first half of 2021. Scope for this effort includes drilling various targets to expand our knowledge of the geology, examining the core and/or cuttings for mineral constituents, and adding to our geologic model. In addition, vanadium mineralization is expected to be evaluated using extractive metallurgy techniques to ascertain any economic potential.
Turkish Government Taking of Temrezli and Sefaatli Licenses and Westwater’s Arbitration Filing
On January 27, 2020, Westwater filed a Claimant’s Memorial (the “Memorial”) in its arbitration proceeding against the Republic of Turkey (“Turkey”). The Memorial relates to Westwater’s request for arbitration submitted to the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) in December 2018 as a result of Turkey’s unlawful actions against Westwater’s investments at the Temrezli and Sefaatli uranium projects owned by Westwater’s Turkish subsidiary Adur Madencilik Limited Sirketi.
The Memorial sets forth the basis for Westwater’s claims under the treaty between the United States and Turkey concerning the reciprocal encouragement and protection of investments and international law generally, as well as the basis for the jurisdiction of the tribunal constituted on May 1, 2019 following ICSID’s registration of Westwater’s request for arbitration. The Memorial also establishes the reparations owed by Turkey for breach of its international obligations towards Westwater, consisting of no less than $36.5 million, plus costs and post-award interest, as compensation for Westwater’s resulting loss of its investment. Accompanying the Memorial is an expert report regarding the reparations owed to Westwater. In determining the amount of Westwater’s loss, the expert report considered (i) the projected future cash flows from the expropriated projects, discounted to present value by a risk-adjusted discount rate, (ii) valuations from transactions for similar projects, and (iii) in the case of the Sefaatli project, the amounts invested in the project.
On March 11, 2020, Turkey filed a request to bifurcate the arbitration proceeding, and on March 30, 2020, Westwater filed a response in opposition to Turkey’s request for bifurcation. On April 28, 2020, the arbitral tribunal denied Turkey’s bifurcation request. On May 13, 2020, Turkey filed with the arbitral tribunal a request, which Westwater elected not to oppose, to extend the date on which their Counter-Memorial must be filed (and to change dates for subsequent pleadings as well as document production and witness identification deadlines), which the tribunal approved on June 3, 2020. As a result of these decisions by the tribunal, Turkey filed its Counter-Memorial on September 14, 2020. The hearing on the substantive issues and damages is scheduled for September 13-17, 2021.
Additional information regarding the ICSID arbitration proceeding is presented in Part II, Item 1 above.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Summary
Our consolidated net loss for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $23.6 million and $10.6 million or $2.68 and $5.39 per share, respectively. The principal components of these year-over-year changes are as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Mineral property expenses
$
(2,640)
$
(2,736)
Product development expenses
(4,049)
(116)
General and administrative
(7,343)
(6,086)
Arbitration costs
(1,458)
(1,378)
Other operating expenses
(256)
(463)
Impairment of uranium properties
(5,200)
(143)
Non-operating income
(2,628)
Net Loss
$
(23,574)
$
(10,565)
Net Loss from discontinued operations
$
(9,662)
$
(4,561)
Net Loss from continuing operations
$
(13,912)
$
(6,004)
Mineral property expenses
Mineral property expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $2.6 million, as compared with $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The following table details our mineral property expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Restoration/Recovery expenses
Kingsville Dome project
$
$
-
Rosita project
(1)
(8)
Vasquez project
Total restoration/recovery expenses
Standby care and maintenance expenses
Kingsville Dome project
Rosita project
Vasquez project
Total standby care and maintenance expenses
1,515
1,304
Exploration and evaluation costs
Coosa project
-
Total exploration and evaluation costs
-
Land maintenance and holding costs
1,058
1,353
Total mineral property expenses
$
2,640
$
2,736
(Less) mineral property expenses from discontinued operations
(2,606)
(2,416)
Mineral property expenses from continued operations
$
$
For the year ended December 31, 2020, total mineral property expenses decreased by $0.1 million as compared with 2019. The majority of mineral property expenses for both years was attributable to the Company’s discontinued operations, primarily the uranium business segment that was sold to enCore at the end of 2020.
Product development expenses
For the period ended December 31, 2020, $4.0 million was spent on product development. Of that, approximately $3.2 million was related to the design, construction and operation of our graphite processing pilot program with the remaining attributable to product testing and other lab work, shipping, travel, and other auxiliary costs associated with the Coosa Project.
General and administrative expenses
Significant expenditures for general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were:
For the year ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Stock compensation expense
$
$
Salaries and payroll burden
3,110
2,389
Legal, accounting, and public company expenses
2,182
2,225
Insurance and bank fees
Consulting and professional services
Office expenses
Sales and marketing
Other expenses
Total general and administrative expenses
$
7,343
$
6,086
(Less) General and administrative expenses from discontinued operations
(1,665)
(1,612)
General and administrative expenses for continued operations
$
5,678
$
4,474
General and administrative expenses increased by approximately $1.3 million as compared with 2019. The primary drivers of this increase were the following:
● $0.7 million increase in salaries and payroll burden
o In July 2020, Westwater Resources appointed a new VP of Sales and Marketing. Costs from the initial candidate search and additional employee compensation and benefits since he began contributed to the increase in payroll costs in 2020 over 2019.
o In the first quarter of 2020, the Company temporarily shut down its South Texas operations amid cash flow and financing uncertainties arising from COVID-19 and its effects on the capital market. As a result, reclamation projects fell behind schedule. To compensate, once facilities re-opened, several additional temporary employees were hired throughout the year leading to an increase in wages and hiring fees among other payroll expenses.
● $0.3 million increase in stock compensation expense
o The Board of Directors approved a new long-term incentive awards for the management team in June 2020. No employee stock options or RSUs were granted during 2019.
● $0.2 million increase in Directors and Officers (D&O) insurance
o Rates for D&O insurance nearly doubled in 2020 as compared with 2019.
Arbitration Costs
During 2020, Westwater incurred arbitration related legal and expert consulting costs of $1.5 million. This represents an increase of 6% or $0.1 million in costs associated with the Request for Arbitration against The Republic of Turkey filed with ICSID in December 2018. For further reference, see discussion above at Part I, Item 3 and in the Recent Developments section of this Part II, Item 7.
Impairment of uranium properties
During 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded impairments of $5.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of certain uranium properties. The Company performs an impairment evaluation annually unless events or changes in circumstances indicate the related carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. On September 1, 2020, the Company signed a binding LOI to sell its U.S. uranium assets to enCore Energy Corp. At September 30, 2020 an interim impairment review was performed in anticipation of the sale of Westwater’s uranium business to enCore. As a result, $5.2 million in impairment expense related to the Company’s long-lived uranium assets in south Texas and New Mexico was recognized in the third quarter of 2020. Impairments in 2019 were made solely to plant and equipment at the Kingsville Dome facility in South Texas.
Non-operating income and expenses
The Company recorded a $2.7 million non-operating loss and $0.3 million in non-operating income for 2020 and 2019 respectively. Non-operating expense for 2020 includes a $2.7 million loss on the sale of uranium assets to enCore. Significant activity during 2019 included the $0.7 million gain on the sale of uranium assets to Uranium Royalty Corp. in August 2019, a $0.7 million loss recorded from sale of marketable securities and a decrease in interest income of $0.4 million due to a lower principal balance outstanding on the Laramide Resources Ltd. promissory note in 2019 (“Laramide”).
FINANCIAL POSITION
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $15.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared with $10.0 million for the same period in 2019. The $5.2 million increase in cash used was primarily due to the following:
● $3.9 million increase in product development expenses; and
● $1.3 million increase in general and administrative expenses;
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared with $3.8 million of cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019. The cash used in 2020 was primarily related to the transaction with enCore, including $3.7 million in restricted cash transferred to enCore and $0.3 million transferred to enCore for establishment of an escrow account for settlement of the PPP Loan. In 2019, the Company received note payments on the Laramide note in the amount of $0.8 million in cash. Additionally, the Company received net proceeds of $0.5 million from the sale of the Laramide securities and $2.5 million in net proceeds from the sale of uranium assets to URC in August 2019.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $63.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared with $6.7 million in 2019. Cash inflow for both years was from the sales of common stock through the Company’s Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”), and the Lincoln Park Securities Purchase Agreement.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company last recorded revenues from operations in 2009. Since 2009, the Company has relied on equity financings, debt financings and asset sales to fund its operations. The Company expects to rely on debt and equity financing to fund its operations into the near future. The Company will also continue its cost reduction initiatives to identify ways to reduce its cash expenditures.
In 2016, the Company began to expand its business plan into acquisition and development of energy-related materials. Between 2016 and 2020 the Company obtained mineral leases in Nevada and Utah and evaluated a green-fields exploration program for lithium. In 2018, the Company acquired Alabama Graphite Corp. and its Coosa Graphite Project for the purpose of developing the only commercial sized graphite mineral deposit in the contiguous United States and production of advanced graphite products for use in batteries. In the third quarter of 2020, as further discussed below and as further discussed in Note 3 to the accompanying financial statements, the Company made the strategic decision to focus most of its resources on its graphite business, discontinuing its investment in its lithium mineral properties and selling its uranium business.
As of December 31, 2020, execution of the business plan for development of the Coosa Graphite Project was underway, with the commissioning of pilots for processing flake graphite into battery-grade graphite products. The start-up of operations for those pilots commenced in the 4th quarter of 2020 and the Company expects the pilot program phase to last into mid-2021. The Company will use the data generated from the pilot operations to inform the requirements and specifications for building a commercial sized graphite processing facility. Pursuant to the Company’s Preliminary Economic Assessment of the Coosa Graphite Project as modified, financing required for the estimated capital expenditures to construct the commercial plant is approximately $120 million. Subject to financing, the Company expects the construction phase for the commercial plant to begin in the second half of 2021 and be completed in 2022. The Company expects to begin generating revenues from sales of advanced graphite products from the Coosa Graphite Project in 2023.
In furtherance of the Company’s strategic shift to graphite battery materials, on December 31, 2020 the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) to sell its U.S. uranium business, including its U.S. uranium exploration assets in New Mexico and idled production assets in Texas to enCore Energy Corp. (“enCore”) (see Note 3 to the accompanying financial statements). The transaction closed on December 31, 2020. The sale included the elimination of a $9.3 million bonding liability, the elimination of $5.2 million in asset retirement obligations, and the elimination of more than $4.0 million in annual expenditures related to reclamation and compliance costs at the Company’s Kingsville, Vasquez, and Rosita sites in South Texas and its New Mexico land holding costs. The Company received approximately US$1.8 million of enCore common stock and retained royalty interests on the New Mexico uranium properties as consideration for the sale. The Company retained its uranium interests in Turkey, which are subject to ongoing international arbitration proceeding. The Company’s strategic shift to focus solely on its graphite business also resulted in its decision not to renew its lithium mineral leases in Nevada and Utah when the annual rentals of approximately $0.2 million came due in late August 2020.
At December 31, 2020 the Company’s cash balances were $50.3 million. During the months of January and February 2021, the Company sold 9.3 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $47.3 million pursuant to its Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement with Cantor and 0.9 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $6.6 million pursuant to the December 2020 PA with Lincoln Park (see Note 15 to the accompanying financial statements). The funding provided by this financing facility has resulted in a cash balance of approximately $101 million at February 11, 2021. Management believes the significant treasury balance has mitigated the Company’s capital risk through 2021 as the Company’s 2021 non-discretionary budget, budgeted graphite pilot program and the remaining budgeted product development initiatives are now fully funded. The Company is pursuing project financing to support primary funding of the capital expenditures for construction of the commercial plant set to occur in the second half of 2021.
Management believes the Company’s current cash balance is sufficient to fund its planned non-discretionary expenditures through 2022. In addition to pursuing other project financing, the Company is evaluating the continued use of the Cantor and Lincoln Park financing facilities for use in funding any required contributions by the Company to support project financing for construction of the commercial graphite facility. While the Company has been successful in the past in raising funds through equity and debt financings as well as through the sale of non-core assets, no assurance can be given that additional financing will be available to it in amounts sufficient to meet its needs, or on terms acceptable to the Company. Stock price volatility and uncertain economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly impact the Company’s ability to raise funds through equity financing. In the event funds are not available for project financing to complete construction of the commercial facility in 2022, the Company will be able to fund its non-discretionary expenditures, however, the Company may be required to change its planned business strategies.
Off- Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe our most critical accounting policies involve those requiring the use of significant estimates and assumptions in determining values or projecting future costs.
Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company reviews and evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment is considered to exist if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amount of the assets. An impairment loss is measured and recorded based on discounted estimated future cash flows or upon an estimate of fair value that may be received in an exchange transaction. Future cash flows are estimated based on quantities of recoverable minerals, expected commodity prices, production levels and operating costs of production and capital, based upon the projected remaining future uranium or graphite production from each project. Existing proven and probable reserves and value beyond proven and probable reserves, including mineralization that is not part of the measured, indicated or inferred resource base, are included when determining the fair value of mine site reporting units at acquisition and, subsequently, in determining whether the assets are impaired. The term “recoverable minerals” refers to the estimated amount of uranium or graphite that will be obtained after taking into account losses during processing and treatment. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future
cash flows from other asset groups. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows are based on numerous assumptions and it is likely that actual future cash flows will be significantly different than the estimates, as actual future quantities of recoverable minerals, uranium and graphite prices, production levels and operating costs of production and availability and cost of capital are each subject to significant risks and uncertainties.
During 2020 and 2019, we recorded impairments of $5.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of property, plant and mine equipment. Existing proven and probable reserves and value beyond proven and probable reserves, including mineralization that is not part of the measured, indicated or inferred resource base, are included when determining the fair value of uranium properties upon acquisition and, subsequently, in determining whether the assets are impaired. The term “recoverable minerals” refers to the estimated amount of uranium and graphite that will be obtained after taking into account losses during processing and treatment. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there is identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Westwater Resources, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Westwater Resources, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the (consolidated) financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Loss on Sale and the fair value of consideration received from the sale of uranium properties
As described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement to sell its subsidiaries engaged in the uranium business in Texas and New Mexico to enCore Energy Corp. (“enCore”). During the third quarter, the Company signed a binding letter of intent with enCore and at that time management concluded that the assets and liabilities in the disposal group met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and the Company’s uranium segment met the criteria as a discontinued operation. Management determined that the proposed terms of the transaction were an indicator of impairment of the long-lived uranium property, plant and equipment and recorded a $5.2 million impairment charge during the third quarter based on the estimated loss that would be recorded upon the close of the transaction. On December 31, 2020, the Company closed on the sale with enCore. At the closing of the transaction, enCore delivered $742,642 in cash and issued $1,795,000 worth of its common shares to the Company. In addition, enCore delivered to the Company a 2% net smelter return royalty (“NSR Royalty”) and a 2.5% net profits interest (“NPI”). Lastly, the Company recorded $333,120 in contingent consideration for cash paid to enCore for the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Escrow. As a result, the Company recorded an additional charge of $2.67 million as a loss on sale at the close of the transaction.
We identified the determination of the fair value of the consideration received and the related recognition of a loss on sale to be a critical audit matter. The consideration from the seller included contingent, non-cash and cash consideration. The contingent consideration included the following: (1) the PPP Loan Escrow which was valued based on internal assumptions about the probability of loan forgiveness and (2) the NSR Royalty and NPI which were valued based on internal assumptions about estimated future cash flows. The non-cash consideration consisted of common stock of enCore. The fair value was determined based on a quoted market price of the enCore stock less a discount for lack of marketability (DOLM) due to a lock-up provision. The DOLM was based on a Black-Scholes model using both internal and external data, including estimated volatility. The determination of the fair value of the contingent and non-cash consideration required significant management judgment. Given the significant judgment in the determination of fair value of the contingent and non-cash consideration, a high degree of auditor judgment and increased extent of effort was required, including the need to involve our valuation specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate whether the fair value of the contingent and non-cash consideration was appropriately valued.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter:
To evaluate the fair value of the contingent and non-cash consideration received:
● We tested the underlying documentation supporting management’s assumptions about the probability of the likelihood of URI, Inc.’s PPP Loan forgiveness under terms of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. We also tested the underlying significant components, such as total payroll costs and headcount amounts included in the loan forgiveness calculations.
● We tested management’s assumptions about the likelihood of receiving future cash flows from the NSR and NPI which was based on future mine development and uranium prices.
● We gained an understanding of the methodology used by management to calculate the DOLM and tested the key inputs into the Black-Scholes model, specifically the volatility. We compared the
volatility to enCore’s historical stock prices and to publicly available data for comparable companies. We involved a valuation professional with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in evaluating of the valuation methodology and common stock fair value.
To evaluate the loss on sale:
● We compared the loss recorded in the fourth quarter of 2020 to the impairment recorded in the third quarter of 2020 and reconciled the change to supporting documentation to ensure recognition in the correct accounting period and appropriate classification of the loss on sale.
/s/ Moss Adams LLP
Denver, Colorado
February 12, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
WESTWATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(expressed in thousands of dollars, except share amounts)
December 31,
December 31,
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
50,315
$
1,870
Available-for-sale securities, current
1,520
-
Prepaid and other current assets
Total Current Assets
52,589
2,361
Property, plant and equipment, at cost:
Property, plant and equipment
9,080
9,065
Less accumulated depreciation and depletion
(95)
(70)
Net property, plant and equipment
8,985
8,995
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Restricted cash
Assets held for sale, non-current
-
15,143
Total Assets
$
61,937
$
26,979
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable
$
1,734
$
Accrued liabilities
2,369
2,270
Operating lease liability - current
Current liabilities held for sale
-
Total Current Liabilities
4,252
4,169
Operating lease liability, net of current
Liabilities held for sale, non current
-
5,414
Total Liabilities
4,466
9,915
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, 100,000,000 shares authorized, $.001 par value;
Issued shares - 19,172,020 and 3,339,541 respectively
Outstanding shares - 19,171,859 and 3,339,380 respectively
Paid-in capital
383,723
319,758
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
-
-
Accumulated deficit
(326,013)
(302,439)
Less: Treasury stock (161 and 161 shares, respectively), at cost
(258)
(258)
Total Stockholders’ Equity
57,471
17,064
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
$
61,937
$
26,979
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
WESTWATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(expressed in thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts)
For the Year Ended December 31,
Operating Expenses:
Mineral property expenses
$
(34)
$
(320)
Product development expenses
(4,049)
(116)
General and administrative expenses
(5,678)
(4,474)
Arbitration costs
(1,458)
(1,378)
Depreciation and amortization
(17)
(6)
Total operating expenses
(11,236)
(6,294)
Non-Operating Income/(Expenses):
Loss on sale of marketable securities
-
(720)
Interest income
-
Loss/Gain on disposal of uranium assets
(2,665)
Other income (expense)
(11)
(10)
Total other income (expense)
(2,676)
Net Loss from Continuing Operations
(13,912)
(6,004)
Net Loss from Discontinued Operations
(9,662)
(4,561)
Net Loss
$
(23,574)
$
(10,565)
Other Comprehensive Income
Transfer to realized loss upon sale of available-for-sale securities
-
Comprehensive Loss
$
(23,574)
$
(10,475)
BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE
$
(2.68)
$
(5.39)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING
8,799,190
1,961,086
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
WESTWATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(expressed in thousands of dollars, except share amounts)
Accumulated
Other
Common Stock
Paid-In
Comprehensive
Accumulated
Treasury
Shares
Amount
Capital
Income (Loss)
Deficit
Stock
Total
Balances, January 1, 2019
1,436,555
$
$
313,012
$
(90)
$
(291,874)
$
(258)
$
20,791
Net loss
-
-
-
-
(10,565)
-
(10,565)
Common stock issued, net of issuance costs
1,902,593
6,650
-
-
-
6,652
Stock compensation expense and related share issuances, net of shares withheld for payment of taxes
-
-
-
-
Minimum withholding taxes on net share settlements of equity awards
-
-
(1)
-
-
-
(1)
Transfer to realized loss upon sale of available for sale securities
-
-
-
-
-
Balances, December 31, 2019
3,339,541
$
$
319,758
$
-
$
(302,439)
$
(258)
$
17,064
Net loss
-
-
-
-
(23,574)
-
(23,574)
Common stock issued, net of issuance costs
15,681,968
62,673
-
-
-
62,689
Common stock issued for commitment fees
150,000
-
-
-
-
Stock compensation expense and related share issuances, net of shares withheld for payment of taxes
-
-
-
-
Balances, December 31, 2020
19,172,020
$
$
383,723
$
-
$
(326,013)
$
(258)
$
57,471
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
WESTWATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(expressed in thousands of dollars)
For the Year Ended December 31,
Operating Activities:
Net loss
$
(23,574)
$
(10,565)
Reconciliation of net loss to cash used in operations:
Non-cash lease expense
Accretion of asset retirement obligations
Costs incurred for restoration and reclamation activities
(1,262)
(293)
Amortization of note receivable discount
-
(299)
Depreciation and amortization
(55)
Stock compensation expense
Impairment of uranium properties
5,200
Gain/loss on disposal of uranium properties
2,665
(729)
Gain on disposal of fixed assets
(21)
-
Loss on sale of marketable securities
-
Effect of changes in operating working capital items:
Decrease in prepaids and other assets
Increase in payables and accrued liabilities
1,286
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities
(15,183)
(10,049)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Cash transferred for disposal of uranium assets, net
(4,023)
2,470
Proceeds from the sale of securities, net
-
Proceeds from note receivable
-
Capital expenditures
(81)
-
Net Cash (Used In)/Provided By Investing Activities
(4,104)
3,756
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from note payable
-
Issuance of common stock, net
63,614
6,652
Payment of minimum withholding taxes on net share settlements of equity awards
-
(1)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities
63,945
6,651
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
44,658
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period
5,667
5,309
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period
$
50,325
$
5,667
Cash Paid During the Period for:
Interest
$
$
Supplemental Non-Cash Information with Respect to Investing and Financing Activities:
Securities received for payment of notes receivable - Laramide
-
Securities received from sale of uranium assets - enCore
1,520
-
Total Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities for the Period
$
1,520
$
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
1.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) and include the accounts of WWR and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“US GAAP”) requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates included in the preparation of the financial statements are related to asset retirement obligations; stock-based compensation and asset impairment, including estimates used to derive future cash flows or market value associated with those assets.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Management considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash deposits in excess of federally insured limits. Management monitors the soundness of the financial institution and believe the risk is negligible.
Available-for-Sale Securities
Management determines the appropriate classification of the Company’s investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determinations each reporting date. Marketable equity securities are categorized as available-for-sale and carried at fair market value on the Balance Sheet.
Unrealized gains and losses are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, unless an other-than-temporary impairment in value has occurred in which case the unrealized loss would be charged to current period loss as an impairment charge. Unrealized gains and losses originally included in accumulated other comprehensive income are reclassified to current period net loss when the sale of securities occurs or when a security is impaired.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Facilities and Equipment
Expenditures for new facilities or equipment and expenditures that extend the useful lives of existing facilities or equipment are capitalized and recorded at cost. The facilities and equipment are amortized using the units of production method. During the periods that the Company’s facilities are not in production, depreciation of its facilities and equipment is suspended as the assets are not in service.
Mineral Properties
Mineral rights acquisition costs are capitalized when incurred, and exploration costs are expensed as incurred. When management determines that a mineral right can be economically developed in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the costs then incurred to develop such property will be capitalized. During the periods that the Company’s facilities are not in production, depletion of its mineral interests, permits, licenses and development properties is suspended as the assets are not in service. If mineral properties are subsequently abandoned or impaired, any non-depleted costs will be charged to loss in that period.
Other Property, Plant and Equipment
Other property, plant and equipment consisted of corporate office equipment, furniture and fixtures and transportation equipment. Depreciation on other property is computed based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Gain or loss on disposal of such assets is recorded as other income or expense as such assets are disposed.
Asset Impairment
The Company reviews and evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment is considered to exist if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amount of the assets. An impairment loss is measured and recorded based on discounted estimated future cash flows or upon an estimate of fair value that may be received in an exchange transaction. Future cash flows are estimated based on quantities of recoverable minerals, expected commodity prices, production levels and operating costs of production and capital, based upon the projected remaining future mineral production from each project. Existing proven and probable reserves and value beyond proven and probable reserves, including mineralization that is not part of the measured, indicated or inferred resource base, are included when determining the fair value of mine site reporting units at acquisition and, subsequently, in determining whether the assets are impaired. The term “recoverable minerals” refers to the estimated amount of mineral that will be obtained after taking into account losses during processing and treatment. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows are based on numerous assumptions and it is likely that actual future cash flows will be significantly different than the estimates, as actual future quantities of recoverable minerals, mineral prices, production levels and operating costs of production and availability and cost of capital are each subject to significant risks and uncertainties.
Assets held for sale
The Company considers assets to be held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan to actively market the assets for sale at a price reasonable in relation to fair value, the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the sale have been initiated, the sale of the asset is expected to be completed within one year and it is unlikely that significant changes will be made to the plan. Upon designation as held for sale, the Company records the carrying value of the assets at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less costs to sell.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the consolidated balance sheet that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows.
As of December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
50,315
$
1,870
Restricted cash included in assets held for sale
3,787
Restricted cash not included in assets held for sale
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
$
50,325
$
5,667
Funds deposited by the Company for collateralization of performance obligations are not available for the payment of general corporate obligations and are not included in cash equivalents. Restricted cash consists of cash held in escrow by escrow agents.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash equivalents and restricted cash and short-term investments. U.S. GAAP defines “fair value” as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price) and establishes a fair-value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value using the following definitions (from highest to lowest priority):
● Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
● Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
● Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques requiring inputs that are both significant to the fair-value measurement and unobservable.
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company continually monitors its positions with, and the credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. Periodically throughout the year, the Company has maintained balances in various U.S. operating accounts in excess of U.S. federally insured limits.
The following table presents information about financial instruments recognized at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and indicates the fair value hierarchy:
December 31, 2020
(thousands of dollars)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Current Assets
Available-for-sale securities, current
$
-
$
-
$
1,520
$
1,520
Total current assets recorded at fair value
$
-
$
-
$
1,520
$
1,520
Non-current Assets
Restricted cash not included in assets held for sale
$
$
-
$
-
$
Total non-current assets recorded at fair value
$
$
-
$
-
$
December 31, 2019
(thousands of dollars)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Non-current Assets
Restricted cash included in assets held for sale
$
3,787
$
-
$
-
$
3,787
Restricted cash not included in assets held for sale
-
-
Total non-current assets recorded at fair value
$
3,797
$
-
$
-
$
3,797
The Company determined the fair value of the available-for-sale securities (enCore shares) at December 31, 2020 using the Black-Scholes valuation methodology. As discussed in Note 3, this resulted in a discount for lack of marketability of $375,000 due to the 4-month holding period before shares could be sold. Key inputs included a risk-free rate of 0.09% based on 3-month US Treasury Bond yields and a volatility factor of 89.1.
Loss Per Share
Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is not presented as the effect on the basic loss per share would be anti-dilutive. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had 421,457 and 235,407 respectively, in potentially dilutive securities.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency for all foreign subsidiaries of the Company was determined to be the U.S. dollar since its recently acquired foreign subsidiaries are direct and integral components of WWR and are dependent upon the economic environment of WWR’s functional currency. Accordingly, the Company has translated its monetary assets and liabilities at the period-end exchange rate and the non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical rates, with income and expenses translated at the average exchange rate for the current period. All translation gains and losses have been included in the current period loss.
Notes Receivable
These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Assets with lives beyond one year are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method less any provision for impairment. Assets with lives under a year are undiscounted and carried at full cost. Management monitors these assets for credit quality and recoverability on a quarterly basis, including the value of any collateral. If the value of the collateral, less selling or recovery costs, exceeds the recorded investment in the asset, no impairment costs would be recorded.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (ASC 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”. This update modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding disclosures. The Company adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 has not had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740)” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. ASU 2019-12 will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. ASU 2016-13 will change how companies account for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, companies will be required to estimate lifetime expected credit losses and recognize an allowance against the related instruments. For available for sale debt securities, companies will be required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than reducing the carrying value of the asset. The adoption of this update, if applicable, will result in earlier recognition of losses and impairments.
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.” ASU 2016-13 introduced an expected credit loss methodology for the impairment of financial assets measured at amortized cost basis. That methodology replaces the probable, incurred loss model for those assets. ASU 2018-19 is the final version of Proposed Accounting Standards Update 2018-270, which has been deleted. Additionally, the amendments clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 842, Leases.
These updates are effective beginning January 1, 2023, and the Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2018-19 and the potential impact of adopting this guidance on its financial reporting.
2.
LIQUIDITY
The Company last recorded revenues from operations in 2009. Since 2009, the Company has relied on equity financings, debt financings and asset sales to fund its operations. The Company expects to rely on debt and equity financing to fund its operations. The Company will also continue its cost reduction initiatives to identify ways to reduce its cash expenditures.
In 2016, the Company began to expand its business plan into acquisition and development of energy-related materials. Between 2016 and 2020 the Company obtained mineral leases in Nevada and Utah and evaluated a green-fields exploration program for lithium. In 2018, the Company acquired Alabama Graphite Corp. and its Coosa Graphite Project for the purpose of developing the only commercial sized graphite mineral deposit in the contiguous United States and production of advanced graphite products for use in batteries. In the third quarter of 2020, as further discussed below and as further discussed in Note 3, the Company made the strategic decision to focus most of its resources on its graphite business, discontinuing its investment in its lithium mineral properties and selling its uranium business.
As of December 31, 2020, execution of the business plan for development of the Coosa Graphite Project was underway, with the commissioning of pilot programs for processing flake graphite into battery-grade graphite products. The start-up of operations for those pilots commenced in the 4th quarter of 2020 and the Company expects the pilot program phase to last into mid-2021. The Company will use the data generated from the pilot operations to inform the requirements and specifications for building a commercial sized graphite processing facility. Pursuant to the Company’s Preliminary Economic Assessment of the Coosa Graphite Project as modified, financing required for the estimated capital expenditures to construct the commercial plant is approximately $120 million. Subject to financing, the Company expects the construction phase for the commercial plant to begin in the second half of 2021 and be completed in 2022. The Company expects to begin generating revenues from sales of advanced graphite products from the Coosa Graphite Project in 2023.
In furtherance of the Company’s strategic shift to graphite battery materials, on December 31, 2020 the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) to sell its U.S. uranium business, including its U.S. uranium exploration assets in New Mexico and idled production assets in Texas to enCore Energy Corp. (“enCore”) (see Note 3). The transaction closed on December 31, 2020. The sale included the elimination of a $9.3 million bonding liability, the elimination of $5.2 million in asset retirement obligations, and the elimination of more than $4.0 million in annual expenditures related to reclamation and compliance costs at the Company’s Kingsville, Vasquez, and Rosita sites in South Texas and its New Mexico land holding costs. The Company received approximately US$1.8 million of enCore common stock and retained royalty interests on the New Mexico uranium properties as consideration for the sale. The Company retained its uranium interests in Turkey, which are subject to ongoing international arbitration proceeding. The Company’s strategic shift to focus solely on its graphite business also resulted in its decision not to renew its lithium mineral leases in Nevada and Utah when the annual rentals of approximately $0.2 million came due in late August 2020.
At December 31, 2020 the Company’s cash balances were $50.3 million. During the month of January 2021, the Company sold 9.3 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $47.3 million pursuant to its Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”) and 0.9 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $6.6 million pursuant to the December 2020 PA with Lincoln Park (see Note 15). The funding provided by this financing facility has resulted in a cash balance of approximately $101 million at February 11, 2021. The Company is pursuing project financing to support primary funding of the capital expenditures for construction of the commercial plant set to occur in the second half of 2021.
Management believes the Company’s current cash balance is sufficient to fund its planned non-discretionary expenditures through 2022. In addition to pursuing other project financing, the Company is evaluating the continued use of the Cantor and Lincoln Park financing facilities for use in funding any required contributions by the Company to support project financing for construction of the commercial graphite facility. While the Company has been successful in the past in raising funds through equity and debt financings as well as through the sale of non-core assets, no assurance can be given that additional financing will be available to it in amounts sufficient to meet its needs, or on terms acceptable to the Company. Stock price volatility and uncertain economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly impact the Company’s ability to raise funds through equity financing. In the event funds are not available for project
financing to complete construction of the commercial facility in 2022, the Company will be able to fund its non-discretionary expenditures, however, the Company may be required to change its planned business strategies.
3.
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSALS
Sale of Uranium Business to enCore Energy
On December 31, 2020, Westwater, its wholly owned subsidiary URI Neutron Holdings II, Inc. (“Neutron Holdings”), and enCore Energy Corp. (“enCore”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) to sell their subsidiaries engaged in the uranium business in Texas and New Mexico (the “Uranium Subsidiaries”) to enCore. The transaction closed December 31, 2020.
At the closing of the transaction, enCore delivered $742,642 in cash and issued $1,795,000 worth of its common shares to Westwater and Westwater and Neutron Holdings transferred all of the equity interests in the Uranium Subsidiaries to enCore along with a copy of a database relating to the Grants Mineral Belt located in New Mexico. In addition, enCore delivered to Westwater a 2% net smelter return royalty (“NSR Royalty”) on production from the uranium properties held by Uranco, Inc. in New Mexico, and a 2.5% net profits interest (“NPI”) on the profits from operations of Neutron Energy, Inc.’s Juan Tafoya and Cebolleta Projects. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, enCore has also agreed to replace the indemnification obligations of Westwater for certain reclamation surety bonds held in the name of URI, Inc., and Westwater transferred to enCore all rights to $3,796,788 in cash collateral held to secure such indemnity obligations.
Also, at closing, in accordance with the terms of the Side Letter executed by the parties, Westwater delivered $333,120 in cash to enCore, which amount is to be delivered in escrow upon the request of the lender, Celtic Bank, under the loan made to URI, Inc. in May 2020 pursuant to the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”). The escrowed amount will be released to Westwater upon, and subject to, forgiveness of the PPP Loan under the terms of the CARES Act. In the event that all or a portion of the PPP Loan is ineligible for forgiveness, Celtic Bank will retain the escrowed amount up to the amount of the unforgiven portion of the PPP Loan, plus interest. The PPP Loan forgiveness application was filed on January 25, 2021. Celtic Bank has 60 days from receipt of the PPP loan forgiveness application to issue a decision recommendation to the SBA. The SBA has 90 days from receipt of that application to confirm the forgiveness amount.
The divestiture of the uranium business was accounted for as an asset disposal and the non-cash consideration received from enCore was recorded at fair value. In accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement, non-cash consideration included the receipt of shares of enCore common stock in the amount of $1,795,000. The number of shares issued at closing was 2,571,598. The number of shares was determined by a pricing formula based on the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of enCore’s common shares for the ten trading days ending on and including December 30, 2020. The VWAP formula resulted in a price of $0.698.
For purposes of determining the fair value of the enCore shares, the Company used the closing price for enCore shares on December 31, 2020 which was $0.736, resulting in a value of approximately $1,895,000. The Company then determined that a discount for lack of marketability should be considered because (1) the shares were not be eligible for sale by Westwater until May 1, 2021, and (2) after May 1, 2021, the terms of the purchase agreement require WWR to offer enCore a first right to buy the shares if the amount to be sold in a single transaction is greater than 250,000 shares. Utilizing a precedent comparable transaction and Black-Scholes valuation methodology for fair value evaluation, the Company determined that a discount of 21%, or $375,000, should be applied to the shares. Accordingly, the carrying value of the shares has been adjusted to reflect a fair value of $1,520,000, and the discount was charged to loss on sale of uranium assets on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The cash paid to enCore for the PPP Loan escrow is considered contingent consideration for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 810 - Consolidation and ASC 805 - Business Combinations. URI, Inc. used 100% of the loan proceeds for eligible payroll and payroll related expenses and provided all supporting documentation required to support the request for forgiveness. Although no assurance can be provided, the Company believes it is “probable”
that the loan will be 100% forgiven. Accordingly, the fair value of contingent consideration is deemed to be the carrying value of the $333,120 paid into escrow, and is classified as an account receivable at December 31, 2020.
Finally, due to the high degree of uncertainties surrounding future mine development and uranium prices, as well as limited marketability, the Company determined the fair value of the NSR Royalty and NPI to be nil.
The following fair value amounts have been recorded as purchase consideration:
(thousands of dollars)
Cash
$
Transaction costs
(558)
Contingent consideration for PPP Loan escrow
enCore common stock
1,520
Total Consideration Received
$
2,038
The Company recorded the following loss on disposal of uranium properties within its Consolidated Statement of Operations:
(thousands of dollars)
Total Consideration Received
$
2,038
Carrying value of uranium property, plant and equipment
(6,204)
Restricted Cash
(3,797)
Other assets
(579)
Asset retirement obligation
5,239
Note Payable (PPP loan)
Other liabilities
Loss on disposal of Uranium Entities
$
(2,665)
The loss was primarily related to resolution of transaction issues and final negotiations in the fourth quarter leading up to the transaction closing on December 31, 2020.
Disposal of Uranium Assets
On March 5, 2019, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Uranium Royalty (USA) Corp. and Uranium Royalty Corp. (together “URC”) for the sale of four of its royalty interests on future uranium production from mineral properties located in South Dakota, Wyoming and New Mexico, as well as the remaining amount of the Laramide promissory note in the amount of $2.0 million as discussed below, for $2.75 million, including $0.5 million paid at signing. On June 28, 2019, Westwater and URC entered into an Amendment to the Asset Purchase Agreement. The Amendment extended the date for closing from July 31, 2019 to August 30, 2019. URC delivered an additional $1.0 million as deposit to the Company upon signing the Amendment. The transaction closed on August 30, 2019 at which time
the Company transferred ownership of the royalties and promissory note in exchange for the final payment of $1.25 million.
The sale of these uranium assets was accounted for as an asset disposal. The Company recorded the following gain on disposal of uranium assets on its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
URC Transaction
(thousands of dollars)
Total cash consideration received, net of transaction costs
$
2,470
Carrying value of promissory note
(1,741)
Carrying value of royalty interests
-
Gain on disposal of uranium assets
$
4.NOTES RECEIVABLE
Laramide Note Receivable
As part of the consideration for the sale of Hydro Resources, Inc. (HRI) in January 2017, the Company received a promissory note in the amount of $5.0 million, secured by a mortgage over the Churchrock and Crownpoint properties owned by Laramide Resources Ltd. (“Laramide”). The note has a three-year term and carries an initial interest rate of 5%. The Company received the first two installment payments of $1.5 million each in January 2018 and January 2019. The final principal payment of $2.0 million is due and payable on January 5, 2020. Interest is payable on a quarterly basis during the final year. Laramide had the right to satisfy up to half of the principal payments by delivering shares of its common stock to the Company, which shares were valued by reference to the volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) for Laramide’s common stock for the 20 trading days before their respective anniversaries of the initial issuance date in January. The fair value of this note receivable was determined using the present value of the future cash receipts discounted at a market rate of 9.5%.
On August 30, 2019, the Company sold the promissory note (Note 3). Prior to August 30, 2019, the Company had received three tranches of Laramide common shares as partial consideration for the sale, which has resulted in the receipt of 2,218,133, 1,982,483 and 2,483,034 Laramide common shares in January 2017, January 2018 and January 2019, respectively. These share payments represented the initial consideration from the January 2017 sale of HRI and two note installments in January 2018 and January 2019. The first note installment in the amount of $1.5 million in January 2018, consisted of $750,000 in cash and the issuance of 1,982,483 of Laramide’s common shares. The second note installment in the amount of $1.5 million in January 2019, consisted of $750,000 in cash and the issuance of 2,483,034 of Laramide’s common shares. Additionally, Laramide made interest payments in the amount of $96,022 in cash during the year ending December 31, 2019.
On March 25, 2019, the Company sold the third tranche of 2,483,034 Laramide common shares and 2,218,133 Laramide warrants resulting in net proceeds of $0.5 million and a net loss on sale of marketable securities of $0.7 million.
5.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Net Book Value of Property, Plant and Equipment at December 31, 2020
(thousands of dollars)
Alabama
Corporate
Total
Mineral rights and properties
$
8,972
$
-
$
8,972
Other property, plant and equipment
-
Total Property, Plant and Equipment
$
8,972
$
$
8,985
Net Book Value of Property, Plant and Equipment at December 31, 2019
(thousands of dollars)
Texas
Alabama
New Mexico
Corporate
Total
Uranium plant
$
3,112
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
3,112
Mineral rights and properties
-
8,972
7,806
-
16,778
Other property, plant and equipment
-
-
Total Property, Plant and Equipment
$
3,536
$
8,972
$
7,806
$
$
20,337
(Less) property, plant and equipment included in assets held for sale
(3,536)
(7,806)
(11,342)
Net Property, Plant and Equipment
$
-
$
8,972
$
$
$
8,995
Graphite Properties
(Note: Acreage amounts are unaudited.)
Coosa Project
The Coosa graphite project is situated in east-central Alabama, near the western end of Coosa County. The project is located near the southwestern-most extent of the Alabama graphite belt. The Coosa project is comprised of a lease and option of privately-owned mineral rights from a single land owner covering an overall area of approximately 45,000 acres (approximately 70.31 square miles). The various property parcels that comprise the lease are contiguous with each other, except for a few small and isolated parcels which are situated in the far south part of the project area. The lease has a series of five-year terms (commencing August 1, 2012) that are not to exceed 70 years in total. Under the terms of the lease the Company is required to make annual payments of $10,000 for the original lease and $16,179.10 for the optioned lands (the option has been exercised) in order to maintain the Company’s property rights. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the mineral estate a net smelter returns royalty of 2.00% for any production and sale of graphite, vanadium and other minerals derived from the leased lands. There is a further obligation to pay a 0.50% net smelter return royalty, not to exceed $150,000, and make payments of $100,000 at the time of completion of a “bankable feasibility study” and an additional $150,000 upon completion of “full permitting” of the leased property. These payments are payable to an unaffiliated third-party. The Company does not hold any surface rights in the project area.
Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company recorded the following impairment charges for 2020 and 2019 related to its uranium projects and processing facilities:
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Kingsville Dome project
$
$
Rosita project
1,161
-
Cebolleta/Juan Tafoya project
3,938
-
Total Impairment
$
5,200
$
Estimates and assumptions used to assess recoverability of the Company’s long-lived assets and measure fair value of its mineral properties are subject to risk uncertainty. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could result in the impairment of the Company’s long-lived assets. Events that could result in the impairment of the Company’s long-lived assets include, but are not limited to, decreases in the future mineral prices, decreases in the estimated recoverable minerals and any event that might otherwise have a material adverse effect on its costs.
Existing proven and probable reserves and value beyond proven and probable reserves, including mineralization that is not part of the measured, indicated or inferred resource base, are included when determining the fair value of uranium properties upon acquisition and, subsequently, in determining whether the assets are impaired. The term “recoverable minerals” refers to the estimated amount of minerals that will be obtained after taking into account losses during processing and treatment. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there is identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups.
The Company reviews and evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. On September 1, 2020, the Company signed a binding LOI to sell its U.S. uranium assets to enCore Energy Corp. At September 30, 2020 an interim impairment review was performed in anticipation of the sale of Westwater’s uranium business to enCore. As a result, $5.2 million in impairment expense related to the Company’s long-lived uranium assets in south Texas and New Mexico was recognized in the third quarter of 2020.
Mineral Property Expenses
During the years ending December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s total mineral property expense was $2.6 and $2.7 million, respectively. Included within mineral property costs are standby, land maintenance and holding, exploration and evaluation costs for all properties. The Company spent the following amounts for each of its material properties:
For the year ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Kingsville Dome project, Texas
$
$
Rosita project, Texas
Vasquez project, Texas
Other projects
(4)
Total Texas projects
1,991
1,737
Cebolleta project, New Mexico
Juan Tafoya project, New Mexico
West Largo
-
Total New Mexico projects
Columbus Basin project, Nevada
-
Total Nevada projects
-
Sal Rica project, Utah
Total Utah projects
Coosa project, Alabama
Total Alabama projects
Total mineral property expenses for the period
$
2,640
$
2,736
(Less) Mineral Property expenses from discontinued operations
(2,606)
(2,416)
Mineral property expenses for continued operations
$
$
6. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATION
The following table summarizes the changes in the reserve for future restoration and reclamation costs on the balance sheet:
December 31,
December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period
$
6,300
$
6,203
Liabilities settled
(1,262)
(293)
Accretion expense
Balance, end of period
5,239
6,300
Less: Obligation transferred to enCore
(5,239)
Less: ARO included in current liabilities held for sale
-
(894)
ARO included in liabilities held for sale, non-current
$
-
$
5,406
ARO is primarily comprised of estimated reclamation costs related to ISR projects in South Texas. On December 31, 2020, the Company closed the sale of its US uranium assets to enCore Energy. With the sale, enCore assumed all liabilities for the purchased subsidiaries, including the $6 million in asset retirement obligations for the south Texas uranium projects. At December 31, 2020, there is no ARO recorded for the Coosa Graphite Deposit as there has been only minimal environmental disturbance due to exploration which has since been reclaimed.
7.
ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities on the balance sheet consisted of:
December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Royalties payable (1)
1,151
1,166
Other Accrued Liabilities
1,218
1,104
Accrued Liabilities
$
2,369
$
2,270
(1)
Royalties payable were derived during prior years of production. Liabilities do not accrue interest or have a stated maturity date.
8.
STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY
Common Stock Issued, Net of Issuance Costs
December 2020 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital, LLC (“Lincoln Park”)
On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park (“the “December 2020 PA”) to place up to $100.0 million in the aggregate of the Company's common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 36 months. The Company controls the timing and amount of any sales to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases in accordance with the December 2020 PA. Any common stock that is sold to Lincoln Park will occur at a purchase price that is based on an agreed upon fixed discount to the Company's prevailing market prices at the time of each sale and with no upper limits to the price Lincoln Park may pay to purchase common stock. The agreement may be terminated by the Company at any time, in its sole discretion, without any additional cost or penalty.
The December 2020 PA specifically provides that the Company may not issue or sell any shares of its common stock under the agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market. In particular, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) provides that the Company may not issue or sell more than 19.99% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the December 2020 PA without shareholder approval.
Lincoln Park has no right to require the Company to sell any shares of common stock to Lincoln Park, but Lincoln Park is obligated to make purchases as the Company directs, subject to certain conditions. In all instances, the Company may not sell shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the December 2020 PA if it would result in Lincoln Park beneficially owning more than 9.99% of its common stock.
The Company did not sell any of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the December 2020 PA during 2020. From January 1, 2021 to February 11, 2021, the Company sold 0.9 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $6.6 million.
May 2020 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park
On May 21, 2020, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, as amended on May 29, 2020 (the “May 2020 PA”), to place up to $12.0 million in the aggregate of the Company’s common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 24 months, which agreement was authorized by the Company’s shareholders at its 2020 annual meeting. As an initial purchase on May 21, 2020, Lincoln Park bought $250,000 worth of the Company’s common stock at a price of $1.2989 per share. The Company issued 156,250 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of common stock under the May 2020 PA.
On May 21, 2020, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which was declared effective on June 26, 2020 relating to the resale of an initial tranche of 1.97 million shares subject to the May 2020 PA. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had sold 1.8 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $3.8 million, of which 1.6 million shares of common stock and gross proceeds of $3.5 million was sold in the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Company filed a second registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the resale of 3.2 million shares which was declared effective on October 2, 2020, and sold 1.1 million shares for gross proceeds of $8.2 million in October 2020. With the October 2020 sales, the $12.0 million sales capacity of the 2020 Purchase Agreement was reached and the agreement terminated.
2019 Purchase Agreement (“2019 Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park
On June 6, 2019, the Company entered into the 2019 Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park to place up to $10.0 million in the aggregate of the Company’s common stock on an ongoing basis when required by the Company over a term of 24 months. On August 6, 2019 the Company’s shareholders approved the sale of up to 3.2 million shares of common stock under the 2019 Purchase Agreement. Following effectiveness of a registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the resale of the shares subject to the 2019 Purchase Agreement on June 18, 2019, the Company began selling shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park under the terms of the 2019 Purchase Agreement. On September 11, 2019, October 28, 2019 and February 28, 2020 the Company filed subsequent registration statements on Form S-1, which were declared effective on September 20, 2019, November 7, 2019 and March 6, 2020, respectively, registering for resale additional shares under the 2019 Purchase Agreement. During 2019, the Company sold 1.7 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $5.8 million. During 2020, the Company sold 1.5 million shares for gross proceeds of $1.9 million. The 2019 Purchase Agreement was terminated in May 2020 with historical sales of 3.2 million shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $7.7 million.
Securities Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park
On May 24, 2019, Westwater entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto dated as of May 30, 2019, with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park agreed to purchase from the Company (i) 104,294 shares of the Company's common stock and (ii) warrants to initially purchase an aggregate of up to 182,515 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $5.062 per share. On May 30, 2019, the Company issued and sold the common shares and the warrants to Lincoln Park and received aggregate gross proceeds before expenses of $550,751. The warrants became exercisable on November 30, 2019 and were exercised on October 6, 2020.
Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”)
On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “ATM Offering Agreement”) with Cantor acting as sales agent. Under the ATM Offering Agreement, the Company may from time to time sell shares of its common stock in “at-the-market” offerings. The Company pays Cantor a commission of up to 2.5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement.
During 2019, the Company sold 0.1 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $0.4 million under the ATM Offering Agreement. During 2020, the Company sold 11.0 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $49.9 million and from January 1, 2021 to February 5, 2021, the Company sold 9.3 million shares of common stock for net
proceeds of $47.3 million under the ATM Offering Agreement. As of February 5, 2021, the Company has no shares of common stock registered for sale under the ATM Offering Agreement.
Warrants
The following table summarizes warrants outstanding and changes during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Number of
Number of
Warrants
Warrants
Warrants outstanding at beginning of period
197,622
15,107
Issued
-
182,515
Expired
(15,107)
-
Exercised
(182,515)
-
Warrants outstanding at end of period
-
197,622
On October 6, 2020, a warrant holder of 182,515 warrants provided notice of exercise. The warrant holder elected the cashless exercise method to convert the warrants to shares of common stock. Based on the cashless exercise formula, the Company issued the warrant holder 118,799 shares of common stock.
9.
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation awards consist of stock options, restricted stock units and bonus shares issued under the Company’s equity incentive plans which include: the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) and the Amended and Restated 2004 Directors’ Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2004 Directors’ Plan”). Upon approval of the 2013 Plan by the Company’s stockholders on June 4, 2013, the Company’s authority to grant new awards under all plans other than the 2013 Plan was terminated. On July 18, 2017, April 18, 2019 and April 28, 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved amendments to the 2013 Plan to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock available and reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan by 20,000 shares, 66,000 shares and 350,000 shares respectively and in 2017 re-approve the material terms of the performance goals under the plan. Under the 2013 Plan, the Company may grant awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), unrestricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares and other performance-based awards, other equity-based awards and cash bonus awards to eligible persons. The maximum number of the Company’s common stock that may be reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan is currently 416,278 shares of common stock, plus unissued shares under the prior plans. Equity awards under the 2013 Plan are granted from time to time at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Committee”), with vesting periods and other terms as determined by the Committee with a maximum term of 10 years. The 2013 Plan is administered by the Committee, which can delegate the administration to the Board, other Committees or to such other officers and employees of the Company as designated by the Committee and permitted by the 2013 Plan.
As of December 31, 2020, 58,585 shares were available for future issuances under the 2013 Plan. For the years ending December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Stock compensation expense is recorded in general and administrative expenses.
In addition to the plans above, upon closing of the Company’s acquisition of Alabama Graphite in April 2018, the Company issued 50,168 replacement options and warrants to the option and warrant holders of Alabama Graphite. The number of replacement options and warrants shares was determined using the arrangement exchange rate of 0.0016. The exercise prices for the option and warrant shares were first converted for the exchange rate of 0.0016 and then converted to USD using the exchange rate on December 13, 2017 of 0.77809 (CAD to USD). The options and warrant shares were issued with the same terms and conditions as were applicable prior to the acquisition of Alabama Graphite. As of December 31, 2020, there were 2,000 replacement options and no replacement warrants outstanding.
Stock Options
Stock options are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model on the date of grant. The Company estimates forfeitures based on historical trends.
The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and changes during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Weighted
Weighted
Number of
Average
Number of
Average
Stock
Exercise
Stock
Exercise
Options
Price
Options
Price
Stock options outstanding at beginning of period
37,786
$
37.42
19,170
$
80.00
Granted
149,801
1.67
20,942
19.25
Expired
(2,533)
93.80
(1,777)
78.00
Canceled or forfeited
-
-
(549)
19.25
Stock options outstanding at end of period
185,054
$
7.70
37,786
$
37.42
Stock options exercisable at end of period
35,253
$
33.37
37,786
$
37.42
The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and exercisable by stock option plan at December 31, 2020:
Outstanding Stock Options
Exercisable Stock Options
Number of
Weighted
Number of
Weighted
Outstanding
Average
Stock Options
Average
Stock Option Plan
Stock Options
Exercise Price
Exercisable
Exercise Price
2004 Plan
$
1,638.00
$
1,638.00
2004 Directors’ Plan
10,380.00
10,380.00
2013 Plan
158,962
6.57
33,158
25.47
2020 Inducement Grant
23,997
2.08
-
-
Replacement Options-Alabama Graphite
2,000
75.08
2,000
-
185,054
$
7.70
35,253
$
33.37
Restricted Stock Units
Time-based and performance-based RSUs are valued using the closing share price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The final number of shares issued under performance-based RSUs is generally based on the Company’s prior year performance as determined by the Committee at each vesting date, and the valuation of such awards assumes full satisfaction of all performance criteria.
The following table summarizes RSU activity for the years ending December 31, 2020 and 2019:
December 31,
December 31,
Weighted-
Weighted-
Average
Average
Number of
Grant Date
Number of
Grant Date
RSUs
Fair Value
RSUs
Fair Value
Unvested RSUs at beginning of period
$
70.00
2,260
$
70.00
Granted
236,403
2.10
-
-
Forfeited
-
-
(1,749)
70.00
Vested
(511)
70.00
-
-
Unvested RSUs at end of period
236,403
$
2.10
$
70.00
10.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
'The Company recognizes future tax assets and liabilities for each tax jurisdiction based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes are paid or recovered. A valuation allowance is provided against net future tax assets for which the Company does not consider the realization of such assets to meet the required “more likely than not” standard.
The Company’s future tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the following components:
December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Deferred tax assets:
Non-Current:
Net operating loss carryforwards
$
16,009
$
13,795
Mineral properties
3,177
11,682
Accrued vacation
Capital loss carryforwards
22,176
Restoration reserves
-
1,565
Capitalized transaction costs
1,138
1,162
Other
3,686
4,243
Deferred tax assets
46,204
32,862
Valuation allowance
(46,204)
(32,862)
Net deferred tax assets
-
-
Deferred tax liabilities
-
-
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
$
-
$
-
The composition of the valuation allowance by tax jurisdiction is summarized as follows:
December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
United States
$
34,190
$
20,783
Australia
5,380
5,203
Turkey
6,634
6,876
Total valuation allowance
$
46,204
$
32,862
The valuation allowance increased $13.3 million from the year ended December 31, 2019 to the year ended December 31, 2020. There was an increase in the net deferred tax assets, net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”), equity-based compensation and exploration spending on mineral properties. Additionally, the merger with Alabama Graphite Corporation increased the net deferred tax assets. The decrease in net deferred tax assets resulted primarily from expiring US net operating loss carryforwards and US section 382 limitations.
In December 2017, the United States enacted comprehensive tax reform legislation known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act’ that, among other things, reduces the U.S. Federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and implements a territorial tax system, but imposes an alternative ‘base erosion and anti-abuse tax’ (‘BEAT’), and incremental tax on global intangible low tax foreign income (‘GILTI’) effective January 1, 2018. The Company has selected an accounting policy with respect to both the new BEAT and GILTI rules to compute the related taxes in the period the Company become subject to these rules. There were no inclusions of either taxes during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Because the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized, the Company continues to record a 100% valuation against the net deferred tax assets.
At December 31, 2020, the Company had U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $119 million which expire from 2021 to indefinite availability. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, U.S. net operating losses generated in years ending after 2017 have an indefinite carryforward rather than the previous 20-year carryforward. This does not impact losses incurred in years ended in 2017 or earlier. The U.S. net operating loss carryforward included approximately $1.6 million associated with the Alabama Graphite merger. At December 31, 2020, the Company had U.S. capital loss carryforwards of approximately $104.4 million, which expire from 2022 to 2025. In addition, at December 31, 2019, the Company had Australian net operating loss carryforwards of $17.1 million, including approximately $13.3 million associated with the Anatolia Transaction which are available indefinitely, subject to continuing to meet relevant statutory tests. In Turkey, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $3.8 million, which expire from 2021 to 2024.
Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code could apply and limit the Company’s ability to utilize a portion of the U.S. net operating loss carryforwards. Following the issuance of the Company’s Common Stock in 2001, the Neutron merger in 2012, the Anatolia Transaction in 2015 and the Alabama Graphite acquisition in 2018, the ability to utilize the net operating loss carryforwards will be severely limited on an annual and aggregate basis. A formal Section 382 study would be required to determine the actual allowable usage of US net operating loss carryforwards. However, based on information currently available, the Company currently estimates that $80 million of the US net operating losses will not be able to be utilized and have reduced the Company’s deferred tax asset accordingly. This resulted in a decrease in the valuation allowance.
For financial reporting purposes, loss from operations before income taxes consists of the following components:
For the calendar year ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
United States
$
(13,882)
$
(5,869)
Australia
(6)
Turkey
(39)
(129)
$
(13,913)
$
(6,004)
A reconciliation of expected income tax on net income at statutory rates is as follows:
Year ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Net loss
$
(13,913)
$
(6,004)
Statutory tax rate
%
%
Tax recovery at statutory rate
(2,922)
(1,261)
State tax rate
(238)
Foreign tax rate
(5)
Change in US tax rates
(1,855)
Other adjustments
(9)
(101)
Capital loss carryforward adjustment
(21)
Operating loss carryforward adjustment
(218)
(964)
Operating loss Section 382 adjustment
-
Anatolia Energy Ltd Share issue Cost adjustment
-
Alabama Graphite Corporation conversion to US entity
-
1,999
Derivative tax adjustment
-
(590)
Nondeductible write-offs
(55)
Sale of Uranium Entities
(10,553)
Change in valuation allowance
11,220
2,682
Income tax expense (recovery)
$
-
$
-
The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions. Should the Company incur interest and penalties relating to tax uncertainties, such amounts would be classified as a component of the interest expense and operating expense, respectively.
Westwater Resources, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries, files in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Anatolia Energy Limited and Anatolia Uranium Pty Ltd file in the Australian jurisdiction and Adur Madencilik files in the Turkish jurisdiction. Alabama Graphite Corporation files in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions.
11.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Settlements
At any given time, the Company may enter into negotiations to settle outstanding legal proceedings and any resulting accruals will be estimated based on the relevant facts and circumstances applicable at that time. The Company does not expect that such settlements will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
12. LEASES
Lease Adoption January 1, 2019
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. This new standard requires lessees to recognize leases on their balance sheets. It also requires a dual approach for lessee accounting under which a lessee accounts for leases as finance leases or operating leases with the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. For operating leases, the lessee recognizes straight-line lease expense. The new lease accounting standard along with the clarifying amendments subsequently issued by the FASB, collectively became effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. The Company adopted the new lease accounting standard by applying the new lease guidance at the adoption date on January 1, 2019, and as allowed under the transition relief provided in ASU 2018-11, elected not to
restate comparative periods. As of January 1, 2019, in connection with the adoption of the new lease accounting standard, the Company recorded a right-of-use lease asset totaling $595,870 with a corresponding lease liability totaling $599,596.
The right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term using a discount rate of 9.5%. This rate is the Company’s current estimated incremental borrowing rate.
The Company has operating leases for corporate offices, storage space and equipment. The leases have remaining lease terms of 1 to 5 years, one of which includes an option to extend the corporate office lease for 3 years. Under our corporate office lease, we are required to reimburse the lessor each month for common use expenses such as maintenance and security services. Because these amounts are variable from year to year and not specifically set in the lease terms, they are not included in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and related lease liability, but rather expensed in the period incurred.
The Company is party to several leases that are under one year in length. These include such leases as those for land used in exploration and mining activities, office equipment, machinery, office space, storage and other. The Company has elected the short-term lease exemptions allowed under the new leasing standards, whereby leases with initial terms of one year or less are not capitalized and instead expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The components of lease expense were as follows:
Year ended
December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Operating Lease Cost
Continuing Operations
$
Discontinued Operations
$
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
Year ended
(thousands of dollars)
December 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating leases
$
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases
$
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
(thousands of dollars, except lease term and discount rate)
December 31, 2020
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets
$
Current portion of lease liabilities
$
Operating lease liabilities - long term portion
Total operating lease liabilities
$
December 31,
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
3.0
Discount Rate
9.5
%
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Lease payments by year (in thousands)
December 31, 2020
$
Total lease payments
(Less) imputed interest
(43)
Total
$
As of December 31, 2020, the company has $0.4 million in right-of-use assets and $0.4 million in related lease liabilities ($0.1 million of which is current). The most significant operating lease is for its corporate office in Centennial, Colorado, with $0.4 million remaining in undiscounted cash payments through the end of the lease term in 2023. The total undiscounted cash payments remaining on operating leases through the end of their respective terms is $0.4 million.
13. GEOGRAPHIC AND SEGMENT INFORMATION
In addition to its corporate operations, the Company currently operates a graphite battery-materials reportable segment. During 2020, the Company made the strategic decision to sell its uranium business and discontinue its lithium business, both of which conducted exploration, standby operations and restoration and reclamation activities. As a result, the Company re-classed all uranium and lithium business activities as discontinued operations.
The reportable segments are those operations whose operating results are reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance provided those operations pass certain quantitative thresholds. Operations whose revenues, earnings or losses or assets exceed or are expected to exceed 10% of the total consolidated revenue, earnings or losses or assets are reportable segments. Information about current assets and liabilities of the segments has not been provided because the information is not used to assess performance.
The tables below provide a breakdown of the long-term assets by reportable segments as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
December 31, 2020
(thousands of dollars)
Corporate
Graphite
Total
Net property, plant and equipment
$
$
8,972
$
8,985
Restricted cash
-
Operating Lease Right of Use Assets
-
Total long-term assets
$
$
8,982
$
9,348
December 31, 2019
(thousands of dollars)
Corporate
Graphite
Total
Net property, plant and equipment
$
$
8,972
$
8,995
Restricted cash
-
Operating Lease Right of Use Assets
-
Total long-term assets
$
$
8,982
$
9,475
The tables below provide a breakdown of the reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Non-mining activities and other administrative operations are reported in the Corporate column.
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
(thousands of dollars)
Corporate
Graphite
Total
Statement of Operations
Mineral property expenses
$
-
$
$
Product development expenses
-
4,049
4,049
General and administrative
5,204
5,678
Arbitration expenses
1,458
-
1,458
Depreciation and amortization
-
Total
6,679
4,557
11,236
Loss from continuing operations
(6,679)
(4,557)
(11,236)
Other expense
(2,676)
-
(2,676)
Loss before taxes
$
(9,355)
$
(4,557)
$
(13,912)
Year Ended
December 31, 2019
(thousands of dollars)
Corporate
Graphite
Total
Statement of Operations
Mineral property expenses
$
-
$
$
Product development expenses
-
General and administrative
4,131
4,474
Arbitration expenses
1,378
-
1,378
Depreciation and amortization
-
Total
5,515
6,294
Loss from continuing operations
(5,515)
(779)
(6,294)
Other (expense)
-
Loss before taxes
$
(5,225)
$
(779)
$
(6,004)
14. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In the third quarter of 2020, the Company made the strategic decision to focus its resources on its graphite business, as further discussed below, and discontinue its investment in its lithium business. On December 31, 2020 the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement pursuant to which it agreed to sell its subsidiaries engaged in the uranium business in Texas and New Mexico to enCore Energy. The transaction closed on December 31, 2020. The Company’s lithium business included mineral leases and water rights in Nevada and Utah. The Company elected not to renew the annual lease rentals on the mineral properties, which also voids the water rights.
In accordance with ASC 205-20 - “Discontinued Operations,” the enCore transaction represents a major strategic shift for Westwater and indicates the need to re-classify the Company’s uranium activities as discontinued operations and disclose the associated profit/loss of the Company’s uranium business as a separate line-item on the Company’s statement of operations for all periods presented. Accordingly, the Company’s uranium segment has been classified as a discontinued operation and is reported separate from continuing operations on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for all periods presented.
The Company considers assets to be held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan to actively market the assets for sale at a price reasonable in relation to fair value, the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the sale have been initiated, the sale of the asset is expected to be completed within one year and it is unlikely that significant changes will be made to the plan. As a result, the assets and liabilities in the disposal group are classified as held for sale for all periods presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities related to the Company’s discontinued uranium and lithium operations and classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
December 31,
December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Net property, plant and equipment
$
-
$
11,342
Operating lease right-of-use assets
-
Restricted cash
-
3,787
Assets Held for Sale, non-current
-
15,143
Total Assets Held for Sale
$
-
$
15,143
Asset retirement obligations - current
$
-
$
Operating lease liability - current
-
Current Liabilities Held for Sale
-
Asset retirement obligations, net of current
-
5,406
Operating lease liability, net of current
-
Liabilities Held for Sale, non-current
-
5,414
Total Liabilities Held for Sale
$
-
$
6,314
The results of the Company’s uranium and lithium business segments included in discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Mineral property expenses
$
(2,606)
$
(2,416)
Product development expenses
-
-
General and administrative expenses
(1,665)
(1,612)
Arbitration costs
-
-
Accretion of asset retirement obligations
(201)
(390)
Depreciation and amortization
(38)
(67)
Impairment of uranium properties
(5,200)
(143)
Loss on sale of marketable securities
Interest income
Gain on sale of fixed assets
Other income (expense)
-
Net Loss from Discontinued Operations
$
(9,662)
$
(4,561)
LOSS PER SHARE FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
$
(1.10)
$
(2.33)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING
8,799,190
1,961,086
Our cash flow information for 2020 and 2019 included the following activities related to discontinued operations:
For the Year Ended
December 31,
(thousands of dollars)
Depreciation and amortization
$
$
Capital Expenditures
-
Accretion of asset retirement obligations
Impairment of uranium properties
5,200
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
During the month of January 2021, the Company sold 9.3 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $47.3 million pursuant to the ATM Offering Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. These shares were sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement filed on December 4, 2020 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5) as a takedown off the Company’s shelf registration statement which had been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 1, 2020.
Also, during the month of February 2021, the Company sold 0.9 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of $6.6 million pursuant to the December 2020 PA with Lincoln Park. These shares were sold pursuant to a Form S-3 registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 4, 2020.
The receipt of combined net proceeds in the amount of $53.9 million from these financing facilities has resulted in a cash balance of approximately $101 million at February 11, 2020.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management has recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures.
During the fiscal period covered by this report, the Company’s management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020.
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed, under the supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
The Company’s management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. This evaluation was based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO in 1992. The Company is in the process of adopting the COSO 2013 framework, and management expects to complete the transition from the COSO 1992 framework to the 2013 framework in 2021. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
Based on management’s evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992), management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Exhibit
Number
Description
1.1
Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, dated April 14, 2017, between the Company and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 17, 2017).
2.1
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 31, 2020, by and among enCore Energy Corp., the Company and URI Neutron Holdings II, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31,2020).
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended through April 22, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended August 21, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017).
4.1
Description of Securities
10.1*
Westwater Resources, Inc. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB/A for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2005).4
10.2*
Amended and Restated 2004 Directors’ Stock Option Plan dated April 10, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Company’s Post- Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed April 11, 2007, SEC File No. 333-133960)
10.3*
Amended and Restated 2004 Directors’ Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan dated April 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2010).
10.4*
Westwater Resources, Inc. 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on February 25, 2019).
10.5*
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2013).
10.6*
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2013).
10.7*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2013).
10.8*
Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement For Non-Employee Directors under the Company’s 2013 Omnibus0 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017).
10.9*
Form of Inducement Grant Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on November 23, 2020, SEC File No. 333-250866).
10.10*
Form of Inducement Grant Stock Option Agreement under the Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on November 23, 2020, SEC File No. 333-250866).
10.11*
Employment Agreement, dated March 12, 2013, between the Company and Christopher M. Jones (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013).
10.12*
Employment Agreement, effective June 14, 2013, between the Company and Jeffrey L. Vigil (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013).
10.13*
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective May 22, 2017, between the Company and Jeffrey L. Vigil (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017).
10.14
Purchase Agreement, dated December 4, 2020, between the Company and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 4, 2020).
10.15
Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 4, 2020, between the Company and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 4, 2020).
10.16
Master Service Agreement, dated February 4, 2021, between the Company and Samuel Engineering, Inc.
21.1
Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2
Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2
Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.