EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 34782
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 34782_10-K_2025_0000034782-25-000025.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
1ST SOURCE CORPORATION
1st Source Corporation, an Indiana corporation incorporated in 1971, is a bank holding company headquartered in South Bend, Indiana that provides, through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “1st Source”, the “Company”, “we”, and “our”), a broad array of financial products and services. 1st Source Bank (“Bank”), its banking subsidiary, offers commercial and consumer banking services, trust and wealth advisory services, and insurance to individual and business clients through most of our 77 banking center locations in 18 counties in Indiana and Michigan and Sarasota County in Florida. 1st Source Bank’s Specialty Finance Group, with 18 locations nationwide, offers specialized financing services for construction equipment, new and pre-owned private and cargo aircraft, and various vehicle types (cars, trucks, vans) for fleet purposes. While our Specialty Finance lending portfolio is concentrated in certain equipment types, we serve a diverse client base. We are not dependent upon any single industry or client. At December 31, 2024, we had consolidated total assets of $8.93 billion, total loans and leases of $6.85 billion, total deposits of $7.23 billion, and total shareholders’ equity of $1.11 billion.
Our principal executive office is located at 100 North Michigan Street, South Bend, Indiana 46601 and our telephone number is (574) 235-2000. Access to our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports is available, free of charge, at www.1stsource.com soon after the material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K or our other public filings. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
1ST SOURCE BANK
Business Services - 1st Source Bank provides commercial, small business, agricultural, and real estate loans primarily to privately owned businesses to finance industrial and commercial properties, equipment, inventories and accounts receivable, acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. Other business services include commercial leasing, treasury management services, payment services, including digital and real time/immediate payments, Fedwires, ACH and merchant services and retirement planning services.
Renewable Energy Financing - 1st Source Bank provides financing for commercial solar projects across the contiguous United States, with a focus in the Northeast and Midwest. We provide construction and permanent loans, and tax equity investments for community solar, commercial and industrial, small utility scale, university, and municipal projects. Project sizes generally range from five megawatts to 20 megawatts.
Consumer Services - 1st Source Bank provides a full range of consumer banking products and services through our banking centers, client service center, and on-line. Traditional banking services include checking and savings accounts, certificates of deposits, Health Savings Accounts and Individual Retirement Accounts as well as loans, credit cards, mortgages and home equity lines of credit. 1st Source also offers a full line of on-line and mobile banking products. Our Automated Teller Machine network supports our debit and credit card program. Consumers also have the ability to obtain consumer loans, credit cards, real estate mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit in any of our banking centers or on-line. 1st Source also offers insurance products through 1st Source Insurance offices or in our banking centers. We also offer a variety of financial planning (through our network of financial advisors), financial literacy, and other consultative services.
Trust and Wealth Advisory Services - 1st Source Bank provides a wide range of trust, investment, agency, and custodial services for individual, estate and trust, corporate, and not-for-profit clients, as well as employee benefit plans and charitable foundations.
Specialty Finance Group Services - Our Specialty Finance Group provides comprehensive commercial new and pre-owned equipment loan and lease products in four areas: construction equipment; aircraft; auto and light trucks; and medium and heavy duty trucks.
Construction equipment financing includes financing of new and pre-owned equipment (i.e., bulldozers, excavators, cranes, loaders, and asphalt and concrete plants etc.). Construction equipment finance relationships which may include multiple pieces of equipment generally range from $100,000 to $35 million with fixed or variable interest rates and terms of one to ten years.
Aircraft financing consists of financings for new and pre-owned general aviation aircraft (including helicopters) for private and corporate users, select aircraft distributors and dealers, charter operators, cargo carriers, and other aircraft operators. 1st Source Bank also provides selective international aircraft financing, primarily in Mexico and Brazil. Aircraft finance relationships generally range from $500,000 to $30 million with fixed or variable interest rates and terms of one to ten years.
We offer auto and light truck fleet financing for new and pre-owned vehicles to automobile and light truck rental companies, commercial leasing companies, and a limited number of single unit financing for users of specialty vehicles (step vans, vocational work trucks, motor coaches, shuttle buses and funeral cars). The auto and light truck finance relationships generally range from $100,000 to $40 million with fixed or variable interest rates and terms of one to eight years.
The medium and heavy duty truck division provides new and pre-owned fleet financing for highway tractors, medium duty trucks and trailers to the trucking industry. Medium and heavy duty truck finance relationships generally range from $50,000 to $25 million with fixed or variable interest rates and terms of three to eight years.
The Specialty Finance Group operates through 1st Source Bank and its subsidiaries including: Michigan Transportation Finance Corporation, 1st Source Specialty Finance, Inc., SFG Aircraft, Inc., 1st Source Intermediate Holding, LLC, SFG Commercial Aircraft Leasing, Inc., and SFG Equipment Leasing Corporation I.
1ST SOURCE INSURANCE, INC.
1st Source Insurance, Inc. is our insurance agency subsidiary placing property and casualty, individual and group health, and life insurance for individuals and businesses. 1st Source Insurance, Inc. has ten offices.
OTHER CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
1st Portfolio Management, Inc. owns and manages certain available-for-sale investment securities.
1st Source Bank is the managing general partner in eight subsidiaries that have interests in tax-advantaged investments with third parties.
We have other subsidiaries that are not significant to the consolidated entity.
1ST SOURCE MASTER TRUST
1st Source Master Trust is an unconsolidated subsidiary created to issue $57.00 million of trust preferred securities and lending the proceeds to 1st Source. We guarantee, on a limited basis, payments of distributions on the trust preferred securities and payments on redemption of the trust preferred securities.
COMPETITION
We compete with other banks, some of which are affiliated with large bank holding companies headquartered outside of our principal market. The Bank also competes with other financial service companies, such as credit unions. securities firms, insurance companies, finance or mortgage companies, real estate investment trusts, and some governmental agencies. We generally compete on the basis of client service and responsiveness to client needs, available loan and deposit products, the rates of interest charged on loans and leases, the rates of interest paid for funds, other credit and service charges, the quality of services rendered, the convenience of banking facilities, and in the case of loans and leases to large commercial borrowers, relative lending limits.
Additional competition for depositors’ funds comes from United States Government securities, private issuers of debt obligations, and suppliers of other investment alternatives for depositors. Many of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive Federal and State regulations that govern bank holding companies and banks. Such non-bank competitors may, as a result, have certain advantages over us in providing some services.
We compete against these financial institutions by being convenient to do business with, and by taking the time to listen and understand our clients’ needs. We deliver personalized, one-on-one banking through knowledgeable local members of the community always keeping the clients’ best interest in mind while offering a full array of products and highly personalized services. We rely on our history and our reputation in northern Indiana dating back to 1863.
OUR PEOPLE
At December 31, 2024, we had approximately 1,205 colleagues on a full-time equivalent basis. As a service-driven business, our long-term success depends on our people. And as we have grown, the importance of our talent strategy has intensified. We are committed to a multi-dimensional approach to talent and culture.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion - We cultivate diversity in all forms as part of building a strong culture in which inclusion and belonging are paramount. Our culture is what unifies our colleagues across our diverse business model, ensures we are best positioned to serve our diverse clients and propels our continuous evolution.
•For the third consecutive year, all new employees completed a series of facilitated training sessions on unconscious bias within six months of hire.
•Diversity in leadership starts with our Board of Directors and we are proud to report that five of our twelve Board Members (42%) are women or minority.
•For the eighth consecutive year, more than 21% of our new hires were diverse colleagues.
•In 2024, the Company was recognized as Forbes America’s Best Banks and for the third consecutive year as Forbes Best-In-State Bank.
Training and Talent Development - We believe a critical driver of our future growth is the ability to grow leaders. We provide developmental opportunities for our colleagues at all levels through a robust set of formal and informal programs.
•1st Source University enables colleagues to build skills and knowledge in multiple facets of our business.
•In 2024, 1st Source colleagues completed over 43,500 training modules consisting of over 985 different courses covering topics such as regulations, leadership development, relationship building, cybersecurity, communication, and unconscious bias.
•The 1st Source L.E.A.D. program is a set of immersive experiences and collaborative interactions, developing leadership capability over a twelve-month period. The program is built around a series of best-in-class leadership principles.
•The 1st Source Engaging Manager program is a development program designed to help managers achieve their purpose to develop and lead engaging teams. It focuses on strategies for maximizing the talents of each individual, strengthening team effectiveness, and building high performing teams that deliver on the 1st Source mission to help our clients achieve security, build wealth, and realize their dreams.
•The Commercial Banker Development Program is a rotational program for recent college graduates designed to expose participants to fundamentals of commercial banking.
•The Tuition Reimbursement Program reflects our culture of continuous learning. In 2024, we reimbursed over $132,500 to colleagues for tuition at 16 different Colleges and Universities with an average of approximately $3,900 per colleague who used the benefit.
•To encourage our colleagues to build careers delivering the highest levels of outstanding client service at 1st Source Bank, we developed mastery career paths for critical roles including personal and commercial banking, management and pre-management, and customer service. In 2024, 66 career paths were tracked in our Learning Management System. Our colleagues, completed 468 career paths, made progress on 310 paths, and more than 5,100 skills were developed.
•Our personal finance course is just one of the ways that we helped our colleagues learn the 1st Source philosophy on topics including: Savings and Emergency Fund, Budgeting, Credit and Debt, Renting and Home Ownership, Investing and Retirement, and Protecting your Assets and Charitable Giving. Our colleagues use the same learning resources provided to our clients on 1stsource.com, to better prepare them to discuss these important financial topics.
•The Business of Banking series, facilitated internally, helps colleagues learn more about the banking industry as well as different areas of 1st Source Bank. More than 40 leaders across the bank spend time discussing their departments, and how they contribute to our mission to help our clients achieve security, build wealth, and realize their dreams.
Community Engagement - Our organization is only as strong as the communities we serve. 1st Source and our colleagues are proud to support our local schools, nonprofits, and faith groups.
•In 2024, our colleagues donated approximately 13,900 hours to a total of 530 different organizations.
•In 2024, our colleagues contributed over $190,000 to local United Way organizations.
•In 2024, 1st Source contributed over $600,000 to over 400 deserving and successful community service organizations.
REGULATION AND SUPERVISION
General - 1st Source and the Bank are extensively regulated under federal and state law. To the extent the following information describes statutory or regulatory provisions, it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provisions.
We are a registered bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (BHCA), subject to regulation, supervision, and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve). We are required to file annual reports with the Federal Reserve and provide additional information as required.
The Bank, as an Indiana state bank and member of the Federal Reserve System, is subject to prudential supervision by the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (FRB Chicago). 1st Source Bank is regularly examined by and subject to regulations promulgated by the DFI and the Federal Reserve. Because the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) provides deposit insurance to the Bank, we are also subject to supervision and regulation by the FDIC (even though the FDIC is not our primary Federal regulator). The Bank is also subject to regulations promulgated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), but the DFI and the FRB Chicago, rather than the CFPB, currently examine the Bank for compliance with such regulations, and will continue to do so until the Bank's regulatory assets exceed $10 billion for four consecutive quarter-ends.
We expect the Trump administration will seek to implement a regulatory reform agenda that is significantly different from that of the Biden administration, impacting the rulemaking, supervision, examination and enforcement priorities of the federal banking agencies.
Bank Holding Company Act - Under the BHCA our activities are limited to (i) business so closely related to banking, managing, or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto and (ii) non-bank activities, determined by law or regulation, to be closely related to the business of banking or of managing or controlling banks. The BHCA also requires a bank holding company to obtain approval from the Federal Reserve before (i) acquiring or holding more than 5% voting interest in any bank or bank holding company, (ii) acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of another bank or bank holding company, or (iii) merging or consolidating with another bank holding company.
Capital Standards - The federal bank regulatory agencies use capital adequacy guidelines in their examination and regulation of bank holding companies and banks. If capital falls below the minimum levels established by these guidelines, a bank holding company or bank must submit an acceptable plan for achieving compliance with the capital guidelines and, until its capital sufficiently improves, will be subject to denial of applications and appropriate supervisory enforcement actions. For banks, the FDIC’s prompt corrective action regulations establish five capital levels for financial institutions (“well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” and “critically undercapitalized”), and impose mandatory regulatory scrutiny and limitations on institutions that are less than adequately capitalized. At December 31, 2024, the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized,” meaning that our total risk-based capital ratio exceeded 10.00%, our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio exceeded 8.00%, our common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio exceeded 6.50%, our leverage ratio exceeded 5.00%, and we are not subject to a regulatory order, agreement, or directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. 1st Source and the Bank have elected not to utilize the optional community bank leverage ratio framework implemented by the Federal Reserve and the other federal banking agencies. Regulatory capital requirements to which we are subject are disclosed in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements and guidelines.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and The NASDAQ Stock Market (NASDAQ) - We are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC and certain states for matters relating to the offering and sale of our securities. We are subject to the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the trading symbol “SRCE,” and we are subject to the rules of NASDAQ for listed companies.
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLBA) - The GLBA provides for financial activities that a bank may conduct through a financial subsidiary and established a distinct type of bank holding company, known as a financial holding company, which may engage in defined activities that are “financial in nature.” These activities include securities and insurance brokerage, securities underwriting, insurance underwriting, and merchant banking. We do not currently intend to file notice with the Federal Reserve to become a financial holding company or to engage in expanded financial activities through a financial subsidiary of the Bank.
Financial Privacy - The GLBA also includes privacy protections for nonpublic personal information held by financial institutions regarding their customers. Rules under GLBA limit the ability of banks to disclose non-public information about customers to nonaffiliated third parties. These limitations require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to a nonaffiliated third party. The privacy provisions of the GLBA affect how consumer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors. We are also subject to various state laws, including the California Consumer Privacy Act, that generally require us (directly or indirectly through our vendors) to protect the personal information of individual customers and notify them if confidentiality of their personal information is or may have been compromised as the result of a data security breach or failure.
USA Patriot Act of 2001 - Regulations under the USA Patriot Act require financial institutions to maintain appropriate controls to combat money laundering activities, perform due diligence of private banking and correspondent accounts, establish standards for verifying customer identity, and provide records related to suspected anti-money laundering activities upon request from federal authorities. A financial institution’s failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or sanctions, including restrictions on conducting acquisitions or establishing new branches, and could also have other serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution.
Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA) - The CRA requires federal banking regulators to evaluate the record of the financial institutions they examined in meeting the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. Federal banking regulators will consider our performance in these areas as they review any applications we may file to engage in mergers or acquisitions or to open a branch or facility.
The federal banking agencies issued a final rule in 2023 designed to strengthen and modernize the regulations implementing the CRA. The changes are designed to encourage banks to expand access to credit, investment and banking services in low- and moderate-income communities, adapt to industry changes including mobile and internet banking, provide greater clarity and consistency in the application of CRA regulations and tailor CRA evaluations and data collection to bank size and type.
Laws and Regulations Governing Extensions of Credit - The Bank is subject to restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on extensions of credit to 1st Source or our subsidiaries, and on investments in our securities and the use of our securities as collateral for loans to any borrowers. These restrictions may limit our ability to obtain funds from the Bank for our cash needs, including funds for acquisitions and for payment of dividends, interest and operating expenses. Further, the BHCA, certain regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, state laws and many other federal laws govern extensions of credit and generally prohibit a bank from extending credit, engaging in a lease or sale of property, or furnishing services to a customer on condition that the customer request and obtain additional services from the bank’s holding company or from one of its subsidiaries.
The Bank is also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders of the Bank or 1st Source or any related interest of such persons.
Reserve Requirements - Federal Reserve regulations require depository institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction account deposits. In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve set the reserve requirement ratio for all net transaction accounts to zero percent, and this requirement remained in place throughout 2024; therefore, all of the Bank’s net transaction accounts as of December 31, 2024 were exempt from reserve requirements.
Dividends - The ability of the Bank to pay dividends is limited by state and federal laws and regulations that require the Bank to obtain the prior approval of the DFI and the FRB Chicago before paying a dividend that, together with other dividends it has paid during a calendar year, would exceed the sum of its net income for the year to date combined with its retained net income for the previous two years. The amount of dividends the Bank may pay may also be limited by certain covenant agreements and by the principles of prudent bank management. See Part II, Item 5, Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for further discussion of dividend limitations.
Monetary Policy and Economic Control - The commercial banking business also is affected by the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve. Changes in the discount rate on member bank borrowing, availability of borrowing at the “discount window,” open market operations, the imposition of changes in reserve requirements against member banks’ deposits and assets of foreign branches, and the imposition of, and changes in, reserve requirements against certain borrowings by banks and their affiliates, are some of the tools of monetary policy available to the Federal Reserve. These monetary policies are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distributions of bank loans, investments, and deposits, and such use may affect interest rates charged on loans and leases or paid on deposits. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks and are expected to do so in the future. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve are influenced by various factors, including economic growth, inflation, unemployment, short-term and long-term changes in the international trade balance, and in the fiscal policies of the U.S. Government. Future monetary policies and the effect of such policies on our future business and earnings, and the effect on the future business and earnings of the Bank cannot be predicted.
In March 2023, the Federal Reserve created a Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) to provide funding to eligible depository institutions in addition to the funding provided through its “discount window.” The Federal Reserve ceased extending advances under the BTFP on March 11, 2024. Under the BTFP, the Federal Reserve offered loans up to one year in length and may be prepaid without penalty. The amount that could be borrowed under the BTFP was based upon the par value of the securities pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve. At December 31, 2024, the Bank had $100 million of BTFP borrowings.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOA) - The SOA includes provisions intended to enhance corporate responsibility and protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures pursuant to the securities laws, and which increase penalties for accounting and auditing improprieties at public traded companies. The SOA generally applies to all companies, including 1st Source, that file or are required to file periodic reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act.
SOA also addresses functions and responsibilities of audit committees of public companies. The statute, by mandating certain stock exchange listing rules, makes the audit committee directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, and oversight of the work of the company’s outside auditor, and requires the auditor to report directly to the audit committee. The SOA requires that audit committees be empowered to engage independent counsel and other advisors, and requires a public company to provide funding to pay the company’s auditors and any advisors the audit committee retains.
Consumer Financial Protection Laws - The Bank is subject to numerous federal and state consumer financial protection laws and regulations that extensively govern its transactions with consumers. These laws include, but are not limited to, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, and the Service Members Civil Relief Act. The Bank must also comply with applicable state usury and other credit and deposit related laws and regulations and other laws and regulations prohibiting unfair, deceptive and abusive acts and practices. These laws and regulations, among other things, require disclosures of the cost of credit and the terms of deposit accounts, prohibit discrimination in credit transactions, regulate the use of credit report information, restrict the Bank’s ability to raise interest rates and subject the Bank to substantial regulatory oversight. Violations of these laws may expose us to liability from potential lawsuits brought by affected customers. Federal bank regulators, state attorneys general and state and local consumer protection agencies may also seek to enforce these consumer financial protection laws, in which case we may be subject to regulatory sanctions, civil money penalties, and customer rescission rights. Failure to comply with these laws may also cause the Federal Reserve or DFI to deny approval of any applications we may file to engage in merger and acquisition transactions with other financial institutions or open a new banking center.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act - The Dodd-Frank Act includes provisions that, among other things, relax rules on interstate branching, allow financial institutions to pay interest on business checking accounts, and impose heightened capital requirements on bank holding companies. The Dodd-Frank Act also established the CFPB as an independent entity within the Federal Reserve, and transferred to the CFPB primary responsibility for administering substantially all federal consumer compliance protection laws. The Dodd-Frank Act also authorizes the CFPB to promulgate consumer protection regulations that apply to all entities, including banks, that offer consumer financial services or products. It also includes a series of provisions covering mortgage loan origination standards affecting, among other things, originator compensation, minimum repayment standards, and pre-payment penalties.
The Volcker Rule - The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits banks and their affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and from investing in and sponsoring hedge funds and private equity funds. This provision is commonly called the “Volcker Rule.” The regulations implementing the Volcker Rule exempt the Bank, as a bank with less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets that does not engage in any covered activities other than trading in certain government, agency, state or municipal obligations, from any significant compliance obligations under the Volcker Rule.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
An investment in our common stock is subject to risks inherent to our business. The material risks and uncertainties that we believe affect us are described below. See “Forward Looking Statements” under Item 7 of this report for a discussion of other important factors that can affect our business.
Credit Risks
We are subject to credit risks relating to our loan and lease portfolios - Commercial and commercial real estate loans generally involve higher credit risks than residential real estate and consumer loans. Because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate or equipment are often dependent upon the successful operation and management of the underlying assets, repayment of such loans may be influenced to a great extent by conditions in the market or the economy. We seek to mitigate these risks through our underwriting standards. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets; however, some loans may be made on an unsecured basis.
We offer both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate consumer mortgage loans secured by properties, substantially all of which are located in our primary market area. Adjustable-rate mortgage loans help reduce our exposure to changes in interest rates; however, during periods of rising interest rates, the risk of default on adjustable-rate mortgage loans may increase as a result of repricing and the increased payments required from the borrower. Additionally, some residential mortgages are sold into the secondary market and serviced by our principal banking subsidiary, 1st Source Bank.
Consumer loans are primarily all other non-real estate loans to individuals in our regional market area. Consumer loans can entail risk, particularly in the case of loans that are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets. In these cases, any repossessed collateral may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness, or personal bankruptcy.
The 1st Source Specialty Finance Group loan and lease portfolio consists of commercial loans and leases secured by construction and transportation equipment, including aircraft, autos, trucks, and vans.
Our construction and transportation related businesses could be adversely affected by slowdowns in the economy. Clients who rely on the use of assets financed through the Specialty Finance Group to produce income could be negatively affected, and we could experience substantial loan and lease losses. By the nature of the businesses these clients operate in, we could be adversely affected by rapid increases or decreases in fuel costs, terrorist and other potential attacks, and other destabilizing events. These factors could contribute to the deterioration of the quality of our loan and lease portfolio, as they could have a negative impact on the travel and transportation sensitive businesses for which our Specialty Finance Group provides financing.
Our aircraft portfolio has foreign exposure, particularly in Mexico and Brazil. Currency fluctuations could have a negative impact on our client’s cost of paying dollar denominated debts and, as a result, we could experience higher delinquency in this portfolio. Also, since some of the relationships in this portfolio are large, a slowdown in these markets could have a significant adverse impact on our performance.
In addition, our leasing and equipment financing activity is subject to the risk of cyclical downturns, industry concentration and clumping, and other adverse economic developments affecting these industries and markets. This area of lending, with transportation in particular, is dependent upon general economic conditions and the strength of the travel, construction, and transportation industries.
Our allowance for credit losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan and lease portfolio - There is always a risk that borrowers may not repay borrowings. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Our allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover the loan and lease losses that we may actually incur. If we experience defaults by borrowers in any of our businesses, our earnings could be negatively affected. Changes in local economic conditions could adversely affect credit quality, particularly in our local business loan and lease portfolio. Changes in national or international economic conditions could also adversely affect the quality of our loan and lease portfolio and negate, to some extent, the benefits of national or international diversification through our Specialty Finance Group’s portfolio. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for credit losses and may require an increase in the provision for credit losses or the recognition of further loan or lease charge-offs based upon their judgments, which may be different from ours.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us - Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, brokers and dealers, investment banks, and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of a default by our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the credit or derivative exposure due us. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be adversely affected by climate change and related legislative and regulatory initiatives - Federal and state legislatures and regulatory agencies continue to propose and advance numerous legislative and regulatory initiatives seeking to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a financial institution, it is unclear how future governmental regulations and shifts in business trends resulting from increased concern about climate change will affect our operations, however, natural or man-made disasters and severe weather events may cause operational disruptions and damage to both our properties and properties securing our loans. Losses resulting from these disasters and severe weather events may make it more difficult for borrowers to timely repay their loans. Additionally, our customers who finance vehicles and equipment reliant on fossil fuels could face cost increases, asset value reductions, operating process changes, and the like. If these events occur, we may experience a decrease in the value of our loan and lease portfolio and our revenue, and may incur additional operational expenses, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Market Risks
Fluctuations in interest rates could reduce our profitability and affect the value of our assets - Like other financial institutions, we are subject to interest rate risk. Our primary source of income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and leases and investments, and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. We expect that we will periodically experience imbalances in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities and the relationships of various interest rates to each other. Over any defined period of time, our interest-earning assets may be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest-bearing liabilities, or vice-versa. In addition, the individual market interest rates underlying our loan and lease and deposit products may not change to the same degree over a given time period. If market interest rates should move contrary to our position, earnings may be negatively affected. In addition, loan and lease volume and quality and deposit volume and mix can be affected by market interest rates as can the businesses of our clients. Changes in levels of market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our net interest spread, asset quality, origination volume, and overall profitability. Additionally, changes in levels of market interest rates could cause our debt securities available-for-sale to move into unrealized loss positions which is a negative component of total shareholders’ equity.
Market interest rates are beyond our control, and they fluctuate in response to general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, may negatively affect our ability to originate loans and leases, the value of our assets and our ability to realize gains from the sale of our assets, all of which ultimately could affect our earnings.
Elevated levels of inflation, or the aggregate effects of previous periods of elevated inflation, can have complex effects on our business and results of operations, some of which could be materially adverse. Governmental responses to elevated levels of inflation, or the aggregate effects of previous inflationary periods, such as severe monetary and fiscal policy, can result in increased market interest rates or volatility in interest rate levels. The duration and severity of a prolonged inflationary period and the resulting impact on us cannot be predicted with precision.
Adverse changes in economic conditions could impair our financial condition and results of operations - We are impacted by general business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, money supply, political issues, legislative and regulatory changes, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, broad trends in industry and finance, unemployment, infectious disease epidemics or outbreaks and the strength of the U.S. economy and the local economies in which we operate, all of which are beyond our control. A deterioration in economic conditions could result in an increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for our products and services.
Changes in economic conditions may negatively impact the fees generated by our trust and wealth advisory business - Trust and wealth advisory fees are largely based on the size of client relationships and the market value of assets held under management. Changes in general economic conditions and in the financial and securities markets may negatively impact the value of our clients’ wealth management accounts and the market value of assets held under management. Market declines, reductions in the value of our clients’ accounts, and the loss of wealth management clients may negatively impact the fees generated by our trust and wealth management business and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Liquidity Risks
We could experience an unexpected inability to obtain needed liquidity which could adversely affect our business, profitability, and viability as a going concern - The liquidity of a financial institution reflects its ability to meet loan requests, to accommodate possible outflows in deposits, and to take advantage of interest rate market opportunities and is essential to a financial institution’s business. The ability of a financial institution to meet its current financial obligations is a function of its balance sheet structure, its ability to liquidate assets, and its access to alternative sources of funds. The bank failures in the Spring of 2023 exemplify the potential serious results of the unexpected inability of insured depository institutions to obtain needed liquidity to satisfy deposit withdrawal requests, including how quickly such requests can accelerate once uninsured depositors lose confidence in an institution’s ability to satisfy its obligations to depositors. We seek to ensure our funding needs are met by maintaining a level of liquidity through asset and liability management. If we become unable to obtain funds when needed, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, under Indiana law governing the collateralization of public fund deposits, the Indiana Board for Depositories determines which financial institutions are required to pledge collateral based on the strength of their financial ratings. We have been informed that no collateral is required for our public fund deposits. However, the Board of Depositories could alter this requirement in the future, which could adversely affect our liquidity depending on the amount of collateral we may be required to pledge.
Unrealized losses in our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio could adversely affect liquidity - As market interest rates increased during 2022 and 2023, we experienced increased unrealized losses within our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio. Our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio consists of obligations of the U.S. Treasury and federal agencies, obligations of state and local municipalities and federal agency mortgage obligations. We held no held-to-maturity or equity securities at December 31, 2024. Many of the instruments in our securities portfolio are particularly sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, especially long-term fixed-income securities. The unrealized losses of our securities portfolio are reflected in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and reduces our book capital and tangible common equity ratio. However, unrealized losses do not affect our regulatory capital ratios.
Management continues to actively monitor the investment portfolio and may continue to take advantage of opportunistic restructuring alternatives from time to time. If we sell securities from our investment portfolio before the full recovery of their amortized cost bases (which is typically at maturity), then we may incur losses.
We rely on dividends from our subsidiaries - We receive substantially all of our revenue from dividends from our subsidiaries, including, primarily, the Bank. These dividends are the principal source of funds we use to pay dividends on our common stock and interest and principal on our debt. Various federal and state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends our subsidiaries may pay to us. In the event our subsidiaries are unable to pay dividends to us, we may not be able to service debt, pay other obligations, or pay dividends on our common stock. Our inability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Operational Risks
Our risk management framework could prove ineffective which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to mitigate risks and/or losses - We have established a risk management framework to identify and manage our risk exposure. This framework is comprised of various processes, systems and strategies, and is designed to manage the types of risk to which we are subject, including, credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal/compliance, and reputational risks. Our framework also includes financial, analytical and forecasting modeling methodologies which involve significant management assumptions and judgment that may not be accurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Additionally, our Board of Directors has adopted a risk appetite statement in consultation with management which sets forth certain thresholds and limits to govern our overall risk profile. There can be no assurance that our risk management framework will be effective under all circumstances or that it will adequately identify, manage or limit any risk of loss to us. Any such failure in our risk management framework could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are dependent upon the services of our management team and other key personnel - Our future success and profitability is substantially dependent upon our management and the banking acumen of our senior executives and other key personnel. We believe that our future results will also depend in part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified management. We are especially dependent on a limited number of key management personnel, many of whom do not have employment agreements with us. The loss of the chief executive officer and other senior management and key personnel could have a material adverse impact on our operations because other officers may not have the experience and expertise to readily replace these individuals. Many of these senior officers have primary contact with our clients and are important in maintaining personal relationships with our client base. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of these key employees could have a material adverse effect on our operations and possibly result in reduced revenues if we were unable to find suitable replacements promptly. Competition for senior personnel is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Changes in key personnel and their responsibilities may be disruptive to our businesses and could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, and results of operations.
Technology security breaches - Information security risks have increased due to the sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties and the use of online, telephone, and mobile banking channels by clients. Any compromise of our security could impair our reputation and deter our clients from using our banking services. Information security breaches can also disrupt the operation of information systems on which we depend, adversely affecting our business operations. Such events can result in costly remediation measures and litigation or governmental investigation and responding to security breaches can place unanticipated demands on the time and attention of management. We rely on security systems to provide the protection and authentication necessary to secure transmission of data against damage by theft, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure or a similar catastrophic event, as well as from security breaches, ransomware, denial of service attacks, viruses, worms, use of artificial intelligence and other disruptive problems caused by hackers. Computer break-ins, phishing and other disruptions of customer or vendor systems could also jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure. We maintain a cyber insurance policy that is designed to cover a majority of loss resulting from cyber security breaches, but there is no assurance such coverage or other protective measures we employ will be adequate to address all potential material adverse impacts.
We also confront the risk of being compromised by emails sent by perpetrators posing as company executives or vendors in order to dupe company personnel into sending large sums of money to accounts controlled by the perpetrators. We require all our employees to complete annual information security awareness training to increase their awareness of these risks and to engage them in our mitigation efforts. If these precautions are not sufficient to protect our systems from data breaches or compromises, our reputation and business could be adversely affected.
We depend on the services of a variety of third-party vendors to meet data processing and communication needs and we have contracted with third parties to run their proprietary software on our behalf. While we perform reviews of security controls instituted by the vendor in accordance with industry standards and institute our own internal security controls, we rely on continued maintenance of the controls by the outside party to safeguard our customer data.
Additionally, we issue debit cards which are susceptible to compromise at the point of sale via the physical terminal through which transactions are processed and by other means of hacking. The security and integrity of these transactions are dependent upon the retailers’ vigilance and willingness to invest in technology and upgrades. Issuing debit cards to our clients exposes us to potential losses which, in the event of a data breach at one or more major retailers may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Furthermore, there continues to be heightened legislative and regulatory focus on privacy, data protection and information security. New or revised laws and regulations may significantly impact our current and planned privacy, data protection and information security-related practices, the collection, use, sharing, retention and safeguarding of consumer and employee information, and current or planned business activities. Compliance with current or future privacy, data protection and information security laws could result in higher compliance and technology costs and could restrict our ability to provide certain products and services, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We continually encounter technological change - The financial services industry is constantly undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our clients competitively by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy client demands, as well as create additional efficiencies within our operations. Many of our large competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services quickly or be successful in marketing these products and services to our clients. In addition, our implementation of certain new technologies, such as those related to artificial intelligence, automation and algorithms, in our business processes may have unintended consequences due to their limitations or our failure to use them effectively. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to fraud attempts - As a financial institution, we are susceptible to fraudulent activity rendered against us or our customers that may result in financial loss, increased costs, privacy breaches, misappropriation of assets, litigation, or damage to our reputation. These acts may take many forms including check fraud, wire fraud, phishing, social engineering, and other dishonest proceedings. There have been instances where banks have been victims of fraudulent activity in which criminals pose as customers to initiate wire and automated clearinghouse transactions out of customer accounts. Although we have policies and procedures in place to verify the authenticity of our customers, we cannot assure that such policies and procedures will prevent all fraudulent transfers.
Our accounting estimates rely on analytical and forecasting models - The processes we use to estimate our allowance for credit losses and to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, depend upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. These models reflect assumptions that may not be accurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Even if these assumptions are adequate, the models may prove to be inadequate or inaccurate because of other flaws in their design or their implementation. Any such failure in our analytical or forecasting models could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Legal/Compliance Risks
We are subject to extensive government regulation and supervision - Our operations are subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, not security holders. These regulations affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth, among other things. Congress and federal regulatory agencies continually review banking laws, regulations and policies for possible change. Changes to statutes, regulations or regulatory policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulation or policies, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such changes could subject us to additional costs and limit the types of financial services and products we may offer. Failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As we continue to grow in size and complexity, regulatory expectations and scrutiny will likely increase and could have a potential impact on our operations and business - We have organically grown steadily over the past four years. As financial institutions grow, so do the expectations of regulatory agencies regarding the financial institution’s ability to control for increasingly complex and sophisticated business operations. Certain regulations and laws have embedded asset thresholds that change regulatory expectations, have different financial statement impacts, require different committee and management compositions, or enhanced reporting requirements. For example, the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act limits the amount of interchange fees that banks with assets of $10.0 billion or more may charge to process electronic debit transactions. Banks must comply with the Durbin Amendment no later than July 1 of the next calendar year after the bank crosses the $10.0 billion asset threshold. While we do not currently have $10.0 billion or more in total consolidated assets, we have begun analyzing these requirements to ensure we are prepared to comply with the rules when and if they become applicable. There is potential that changes in the regulatory expectations from asset growth could impact the business operationally, strategically, or financially.
Our investments and/or financings in certain tax-advantaged projects may not generate returns as anticipated and may have an adverse impact on our financial results - We invest and/or finance certain tax-advantaged projects promoting affordable housing, community redevelopment and renewable energy sources. Our investments in these projects are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal and state income tax credits, and other tax benefits, over specified time periods. We are subject to the risk that previously recorded tax credits will not be able to be fully realized. Such credits are subject to recapture by taxing authorities based on compliance features required to be met at the project level which may not be met. The possible inability to realize these tax credits and other tax benefits can have a negative impact on our financial results. The risk of not being able to realize the tax credits and other tax benefits depends on many factors outside of our control, including changes in the applicable tax code and the ability of the projects to be completed and properly managed.
Substantial ownership concentration - Our directors, executive officers and 1st Source Bank, as trustee, collectively hold a significant ownership concentration of our common shares. Due to this significant level of ownership among our affiliates, our directors, executive officers, and 1st Source Bank, as trustee, may be able to influence the outcome of director elections or impact significant transactions, such as mergers or acquisitions, or any other matter that might otherwise be favored by other shareholders.
Reputational Risks
Competition from other financial services providers could adversely impact our results of operations - The banking and financial services business is highly competitive. We face competition in making loans and leases, attracting deposits and providing insurance, investment, trust and wealth advisory, and other financial services. Increased competition in the banking and financial services businesses may reduce our market share, impair our growth or cause the prices we charge for our services to decline. Our results of operations may be adversely impacted in future periods depending upon the level and nature of competition we encounter in our various market areas.
Managing reputational risk is important to attracting and maintaining customers, investors, and employees - Threats to our reputation can come from many sources, including adverse sentiment about financial institutions generally, unethical practices, employee misconduct, failure to deliver minimum standards of service or quality, data security failures, compliance deficiencies, and questionable or fraudulent activities of our customers. We have policies and procedures in place that seek to protect our reputation and promote ethical conduct. Nonetheless, negative publicity may arise regarding our business, employees, or customers, with or without merit, and could result in the loss of customers, investors, or employees, costly litigation, a decline in revenues, and increased government regulation.
In addition, focus among investors, customers, and regulators on environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues has continued to increase in recent years. Customers, prospective customers, investors or third parties evaluate us based on their assessment of our achievement of ESG objectives and may assign their ESG ratings to us. Such persons may believe that our practices, including our lending practices, are not sufficiently robust from an ESG perspective and may publish their views. Adverse publicity regarding such assessments of our ESG performance could damage our reputation or prospects. Adverse market perception can adversely affect the trading price of our shares.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
Our headquarters building is located in downtown South Bend, Indiana. The building is part of a larger complex, including a 300-room hotel and a 500-car parking garage. Our lease on this property runs through September 2027. As of December 31, 2024, 1st Source leases approximately 71% of the office space in this complex.
At December 31, 2024, we owned or leased properties where our 77 banking centers were located. Our facilities are located in Allen, DeKalb, Elkhart, Fulton, Huntington, Kosciusko, LaPorte, Marshall, Porter, Pulaski, St. Joseph, Starke, Tippecanoe, Wells, and Whitley Counties in the State of Indiana, Berrien, Cass, and Kalamazoo Counties in the State of Michigan, and Sarasota County in the state of Florida. At December 31, 2023, we owned approximately 35 acres in St. Joseph County of which approximately 28 acres were approved by the Board for development and construction of an operations and training facility. During 2024 we sold the approximate seven acres of land that was not part of the 28 acres approved by the Board for development and construction. We anticipate moving forward with construction in the coming years subject to receiving appropriate agreements, approvals and authorizations from local city and county building and economic development authorities as well as market conditions including inflation levels and financing costs. Additionally, we utilize an operations center for business operations. The Bank leases additional properties to and from third parties under arms-length agreements.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
1st Source and its subsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings that are inherent risks of, or incidental to, the conduct of our businesses. Management does not expect the outcome of any such proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
None
Part II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “SRCE.” As of February 14, 2025, there were 1,857 holders of record of 1st Source common stock.
Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Total Return*
Among 1st Source, Morningstar Market Weighted NASDAQ Index** and Peer Group Index***
* Assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2019, in 1st Source Corporation common stock, NASDAQ market index, and peer group index.
** The Morningstar Weighted NASDAQ Index Return is calculated using all companies which trade as NASD Capital Markets, NASD Global Markets or NASD Global Select. It includes both domestic and foreign companies. The index is weighted by the then current shares outstanding and assumes dividends reinvested. The return is calculated on a monthly basis.
*** The peer group is a market-capitalization-weighted stock index of the 33 publicly-traded banking companies headquartered in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
NOTE: Total return assumes reinvestment of dividends.
The following table shows our share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2024.
Period Total Number of
Shares Purchased Average Price
Paid Per Share Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs* Maximum Number (or Approximate
Dollar Value) of Shares that
may yet be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs
October 01 - 31, 2024 - $ - - 1,000,000
November 01 - 30, 2024 2,997 59.48 2,997 997,003
December 01 - 31, 2024 - - - 997,003
*1st Source maintains a stock repurchase plan that was authorized by the Board of Directors on October 19, 2023. Under the terms of the plan, 1st Source may repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock from time to time to mitigate the potential dilutive effects of stock-based incentive plans and other potential uses of common stock for corporate purposes. Since the inception of the plan, 1st Source has repurchased a total of 2,997 shares.
Payment of dividends by 1st Source is discussed under Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Earnings Summary. Federal laws and regulations contain restrictions on the ability of 1st Source and the Bank to pay dividends. For information regarding restrictions on dividends, see Part I, Item 1, Business - Regulation and Supervision - Dividends and Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This analysis is intended to assist you in understanding our results of operations for each of the past three years and financial condition for each of the past two years.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions, and future performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. Words such as “believe,” “contemplate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “anticipate,” “possible,” “assume,” “expect,” “intend,” “targeted,” “continue,” “remain,” “will,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “may” and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not guarantees of future performance, nor should they be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date.
All written or oral forward-looking statements that are made by or attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. We have no obligation, and do not undertake, to update, revise, or correct any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report, or after the respective dates on which such statements otherwise are made. We have expressed our expectations, beliefs, and projections in good faith and we believe they have a reasonable basis. However, we make no assurances that our expectations, beliefs, or projections will be achieved or accomplished. The results or outcomes indicated by our forward-looking statements may not be realized due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the following:
•Local, regional, national, and international economic conditions and the impact they may have on us and our clients and our assessment of that impact.
•Changes in the level of nonperforming assets and charge-offs.
•Changes in estimates of future cash reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements.
•The effects of and changes in trade and monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board.
•Inflation, interest rate, securities market, and monetary fluctuations, including substantial changes in the cost of fuel.
•Political instability, acts of war or terrorism, or cybersecurity threats.
•The spread of infectious diseases or pandemics.
•The timely development and acceptance of new products and services and perceived overall value of these products and services by others.
•Changes in consumer spending, borrowings, and savings habits.
•Changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers.
•Technological changes.
•The impact of climate change.
•Acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses.
•The ability to increase market share and control expenses.
•The ability to expand effectively into new markets that we target.
•Changes in the competitive environment.
•The effect of changes in laws and regulations (including laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, securities, insurance, and climate change) with which we and our subsidiaries must comply.
•The effect of changes in accounting policies and practices and auditing requirements, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and other accounting standard setters.
•Changes in our organization, compensation, and benefit plans.
•The costs and effects of legal and regulatory developments including the resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquires and the results of regulatory examinations or reviews.
•Greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the integration of new products and lines of business.
•Our success at managing the risks described in Item 1A. Risk Factors.
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and follow general practices within the industries in which we operate. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates or judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates or judgments reflect management’s view of the most appropriate manner in which to record and report our overall financial performance. Because these estimates or judgments are based on current circumstances, they may change over time or prove to be inaccurate based on actual experience. As such, changes in these estimates, judgments, and/or assumptions may have a significant impact on our financial statements. All accounting policies are important, and all policies described in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Note 1), should be reviewed for a greater understanding of how our financial performance is recorded and reported.
We have identified the following two policies as being critical because they require management to make particularly difficult, subjective, and/or complex estimates or judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because of the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and fair value measurements. Management believes it has used the best information available to make the estimations or judgments necessary to value the related assets and liabilities. Actual performance that differs from estimates or judgments and future changes in the key variables could change future valuations and impact net income. Management has reviewed the application of these policies with the Audit, Finance and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors. Following is a discussion of the areas we view as our most critical accounting policies.
Allowance for Credit Losses - The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of our existing loan and lease portfolio and the establishment of an allowance that is sufficient to absorb those losses. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In determining an appropriate allowance, management makes numerous judgments, assumptions, and estimates which are inherently subjective, as they require material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change. These estimates are derived based on continuous review of the loan and lease portfolio, assessments of client performance, movement through delinquency stages, probability of default, losses given default, collateral values, and disposition, as well as expected cash flows, economic forecasts, and qualitative factors, such as changes in current economic conditions.
As stated in Note 1, we segment our loan and lease portfolios based on similar risk characteristics for collective evaluation using a non-discounted cash flow approach to estimate expected losses. We use a cohort cumulative loss methodology for select loan and lease segments. The cohort methodology has a steady state assumption. For other segments, we use a PD/LGD (probability of default/loss given default) model which aligns well with our internal risk rating system. When we observe limitations in the data or models, we use model overlays to make adjustments to model outputs to capture a particular risk or compensate for a known limitation, or in the case of the cohort model, changes in the steady state assumptions. Actual losses may differ from estimated amounts due to model inefficiencies or management’s inability to adequately determine appropriate model adjustment factors.
Additionally, we are required to use forecasts about future economic conditions to determine the expected credit losses over the remaining life of the asset. Forecast adjustments are fundamentally difficult to establish and the current environment presents challenges with widespread geopolitical uncertainty, continued elevated inflation, and high interest rates. We endeavor to apply a forecast adjustment that is directionally consistent, reasonable, supportable, and reflective of current expectations and conditions. We use a two-year reasonable and supportable period across all loan and lease segments to forecast economic conditions. We believe the two-year time horizon aligns with available industry guidance and various forecasting sources. Following this two-year forecasting period, we use a two-year reversion period to revert forecast rates to historical loss rates.
In assessing the factors used to derive an appropriate allowance, management benefits from a lengthy organizational history and experience with credit decisions and related outcomes. We have been diligent in our efforts to review our portfolios, loan segmentations, methodologies and models and believe we have made appropriate and prudent decisions. Nonetheless, if management’s underlying assumptions prove to be inaccurate, the allowance for credit losses would have to be adjusted. Our accounting policies related to the allowance for credit losses is disclosed in Note 1 under the heading “Allowance for Credit Losses.”
Fair Value Measurements - We use fair value measurements to record certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. Available-for-sale securities, trading account securities, mortgage loans held for sale, and interest rate swap agreements are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve write-downs of, or specific reserves against, individual assets. GAAP establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities recorded at fair value. The classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to the valuation methodology used in the measurement are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market-driven or market-based information obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our estimates about market data.
The degree of management judgment involved in determining the fair value of a financial instrument is dependent upon the availability of quoted market prices or observable market data. For financial instruments that trade actively and have quoted market prices or observable market data, there is minimal subjectivity involved in measuring fair value. When observable market prices and data are not fully available, management judgment is necessary to estimate fair value. In addition, changes in the market conditions may reduce the availability of quoted prices or observable data. For example, reduced liquidity in the capital markets or changes in secondary market activities could result in observable market inputs becoming unavailable. Therefore, when market data is not available, we use valuation techniques that require more management judgment to estimate the appropriate fair value measurement. Fair value is discussed further in Note 1 under the heading “Fair Value Measurements” and in Note 21, “Fair Value Measurements.”
EARNINGS SUMMARY
Net income available to common shareholders in 2024 was $132.62 million, up from $124.93 million in 2023 and up from $120.51 million in 2022. Diluted net income per common share was $5.36 in 2024, $5.03 in 2023, and $4.84 in 2022. Return on average total assets was 1.52% in 2024 compared to 1.48% in 2023, and 1.49% in 2022. Return on average common shareholders’ equity was 12.54% in 2024 versus 13.48% in 2023, and 13.81% in 2022.
Net income in 2024, as compared to 2023, was positively impacted by a $22.17 million or 7.96% increase in net interest income, which was offset by a $6.60 million increase in provision for credit losses, a $4.32 million or 4.76% decrease in noninterest income and a $1.88 million or 0.93% increase in noninterest expense. Net income in 2023, as compared to 2022, was positively impacted by a $15.18 million or 5.76% increase in net interest income and a $7.38 million decrease in the provision for credit losses which was offset by a $17.03 million or 9.22% increase in noninterest expense.
Dividends paid on common stock in 2024 amounted to $1.40 per share, compared to $1.30 per share in 2023, and $1.26 per share in 2022. The level of earnings reinvested and dividend payouts are determined by the Board of Directors based on various considerations, including liquidity needs, capital requirements, and management’s assessment of future growth opportunities and the level of capital necessary to support them.
Net Interest Income - Our primary source of earnings is net interest income, the difference between income on earning assets and the cost of funds supporting those assets. Significant categories of earning assets are loans and securities while deposits and borrowings represent the major portion of interest-bearing liabilities. For purposes of the following discussion, comparison of net interest income is done on a tax-equivalent basis, which provides a common basis for comparing yields on earning assets exempt from federal income taxes to those which are fully taxable.
Net interest margin (the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets) is significantly affected by movements in interest rates and changes in the mix of earning assets and the liabilities that fund those assets. Net interest margin on a fully taxable- equivalent basis was 3.64% in 2024, compared to 3.51% in 2023 and 3.45% in 2022. Net interest income was $300.82 million for 2024, compared to $278.65 million for 2023 and $263.47 million for 2022. Tax-equivalent net interest income totaled $301.40 million for 2024, up $22.02 million from the $279.39 million reported in 2023. Tax-equivalent net interest income for 2023 was up $15.29 million from the $264.10 million reported for 2022.
During 2024, average earning assets increased $327.89 million or 4.12% while average interest-bearing liabilities increased $315.75 million or 5.72% over the comparable period in 2023. The yield on average earning assets increased 60 basis points to 5.85% for 2024 from 5.25% for 2023 primarily due to higher rates and average balances on loans and leases, higher rates on taxable investment securities and higher average balances on other investments, which include federal funds sold, time deposits with other banks, Federal Reserve Bank excess balances, Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock and commercial paper. Total cost of average interest-bearing liabilities increased 64 basis points to 3.14% during 2024 from 2.50% in 2023 as a result of the higher interest rate environment and its impact on deposit competition. The result to the fully taxable-equivalent net interest margin was an increase of 13 basis points.
The largest contributor to the increase in the yield on average earning assets in 2024 was the 59 basis point improvement in the loan and lease portfolio yield primarily from rising interest rates and higher average balances. Average loans and leases increased $394.47 million or 6.36% in 2024 from 2023 while the yield increased to 6.84%. Strong growth primarily within our Construction Equipment, Auto and Light Truck and Renewable Energy portfolios, and selective growth in our Commercial Real Estate portfolio drove total average loans and leases higher during the year. Net interest recoveries positively contributed five basis points to the yield on average loans and leases during 2024 and four basis points to the average loans and leases yield during 2023.
During 2024, the tax-equivalent yield on investment securities available-for-sale increased 15 basis points to 1.72% while the average balance decreased $106.29 million or 6.34% with the largest decreases in U.S. treasury and federal agency securities and state and municipal securities. Average mortgages held for sale increased $0.87 million or 36.53% during 2024 while the yield increased seven basis points. Average other investments increased $38.83 million or 52.67% during 2024 while the yield increased 29 basis points. The average balance increase in other investments was primarily a result of higher balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank.
Average interest-bearing deposits increased $305.86 million or 5.88% during 2024 while the effective rate paid on those deposits increased 66 basis points. The increased average balance was primarily due to increases in time deposits, money market accounts, and brokered deposits. The increase in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits was primarily the result of higher rates and a shift in the deposit mix. The deposit mix change which began during 2022 carried over into 2023 and 2024 with clients moving their funds from non-maturity accounts to higher yielding certificates of deposit and money market accounts due to the elevated interest rate environment. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $144.15 million or 8.22% during 2024 due primarily to persistent rate competition for deposits and greater utilization of excess funds by our business customers.
Average short-term borrowings increased $15.24 million or 7.13% during 2024 while the effective rate paid increased 63 basis points due to higher Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program borrowings offset with decreased FHLB borrowings and lower securities sold under agreements to repurchase balances. Average long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities balances decreased $5.35 million or 11.55% during 2024 while the effective rate decreased 68 basis points primarily due to a lower imputed interest on mandatorily redeemable securities from a reduced improvement in book value per share during 2024 compared to 2023. Mandatorily redeemable shares are issued under the terms of one of our executive incentive compensation plans and are settled based on book value per share with changes from the previous reporting date recorded as interest expense.
The following table provides an analysis of net interest income and illustrates interest income earned and interest expense charged for each major component of interest earning assets and the interest bearing liabilities. Yields/rates are computed on a tax-equivalent basis, using a 21% rate. Nonaccrual loans and leases are included in the average loan and lease balance outstanding.
2024 2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Income/Expense Yield/Rate Average Balance Interest Income/Expense Yield/Rate Average Balance Interest Income/Expense Yield/Rate
ASSETS
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Taxable $ 1,539,900 $ 25,720 1.67 % $ 1,632,567 $ 24,501 1.50 % $ 1,805,041 $ 26,294 1.46 %
Tax-exempt(1)
30,464 1,312 4.31 % 44,083 1,805 4.09 % 40,310 1,311 3.25 %
Mortgages held for sale 3,233 214 6.62 % 2,368 155 6.55 % 5,178 217 4.19 %
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount(1)
6,598,329 451,432 6.84 % 6,203,857 387,524 6.25 % 5,566,701 264,043 4.74 %
Other investments 112,563 5,925 5.26 % 73,729 3,663 4.97 % 243,938 2,579 1.06 %
Total earning assets(1)
8,284,489 484,603 5.85 % 7,956,604 417,648 5.25 % 7,661,168 294,444 3.84 %
Cash and due from banks 65,285 70,304 75,836
Allowance for loan and lease losses (151,050) (144,183) (133,028)
Other assets 540,815 532,072 469,135
Total assets $ 8,739,539 $ 8,414,797 $ 8,073,111
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits $ 5,509,956 $ 166,842 3.03 % $ 5,204,095 $ 123,162 2.37 % $ 4,673,494 $ 25,231 0.54 %
Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 60,388 542 0.90 % 78,928 136 0.17 % 166,254 85 0.05 %
Other short-term borrowings 168,460 8,434 5.01 % 134,683 6,896 5.12 % 48,716 1,412 2.90 %
Subordinated notes 58,764 4,217 7.18 % 58,764 4,174 7.10 % 58,764 3,550 6.04 %
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 40,971 3,165 7.72 % 46,323 3,892 8.40 % 54,940 69 0.13 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 5,838,539 183,200 3.14 % 5,522,793 138,260 2.50 % 5,002,168 30,347 0.61 %
Noninterest-bearing deposits 1,609,001 1,753,149 2,037,882
Other liabilities 161,657 151,659 103,740
Shareholders’ equity 1,057,331 926,935 872,721
Noncontrolling interests 73,011 60,261 56,600
Total liabilities and equity $ 8,739,539 $ 8,414,797 $ 8,073,111
Less: Fully tax-equivalent adjustments (586) (741) (628)
Net interest income/margin (GAAP-derived)(1)
$ 300,817 3.63 % $ 278,647 3.50 % $ 263,469 3.44 %
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments 586 741 628
Net interest income/margin - FTE(1)
$ 301,403 3.64 % $ 279,388 3.51 % $ 264,097 3.45 %
(1) See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information on this performance measure/ratio.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP in the United States and prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, certain non-GAAP performance measures are used by management to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance. These include taxable-equivalent net interest income (including its individual components) and net interest margin (including its individual components). Management believes that these measures provide users of the Company’s financial information a more meaningful view of the performance of the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
Management reviews yields on certain asset categories and the net interest margin of the Company and its banking subsidiaries on a fully taxable-equivalent (“FTE”) basis. In this non-GAAP presentation, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt interest income on an equivalent before-tax basis. This measure ensures comparability of net interest income arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The following table shows the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures for the most recent three years ended December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022
Calculation of Net Interest Margin
(A) Interest income (GAAP) $ 484,017 $ 416,907 $ 293,816
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments:
(B) - Loans and leases 317 381 366
(C) - Tax-exempt investment securities 269 360 262
(D) Interest income - FTE (A+B+C) 484,603 417,648 294,444
(E) Interest expense (GAAP) 183,200 138,260 30,347
(F) Net interest income (GAAP) (A-E) 300,817 278,647 263,469
(G) Net interest income - FTE (D-E) 301,403 279,388 264,097
(H) Total earning assets $ 8,284,489 $ 7,956,604 $ 7,661,168
Net interest margin (GAAP-derived) (F/H) 3.63 % 3.50 % 3.44 %
Net interest margin - FTE (G/H) 3.64 % 3.51 % 3.45 %
The change in interest due to both rate and volume illustrated in the following table has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each. The following table shows changes in tax-equivalent interest earned and interest paid, resulting from changes in volume and changes in rates.
Increase (Decrease) due to
(Dollars in thousands) Volume Rate Net
2024 compared to 2023
Interest earned on:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Taxable $ (1,443) $ 2,662 $ 1,219
Tax-exempt (582) 89 (493)
Mortgages held for sale 57 2 59
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount 25,580 38,328 63,908
Other investments 2,032 230 2,262
Total earning assets $ 25,644 $ 41,311 $ 66,955
Interest paid on:
Interest-bearing deposits $ 7,590 $ 36,090 $ 43,680
Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (39) 445 406
Other short-term borrowings 1,694 (156) 1,538
Subordinated notes - 43 43
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities (428) (299) (727)
Total interest-bearing liabilities $ 8,817 $ 36,123 $ 44,940
Net interest income - FTE $ 16,827 $ 5,188 $ 22,015
2023 compared to 2022
Interest earned on:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Taxable $ (2,570) $ 777 $ (1,793)
Tax-exempt 131 363 494
Mortgages held for sale (150) 88 (62)
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount 32,763 90,718 123,481
Other investments (2,856) 3,940 1,084
Total earning assets $ 27,318 $ 95,886 $ 123,204
Interest paid on:
Interest-bearing deposits $ 3,179 $ 94,752 $ 97,931
Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (64) 115 51
Other short-term borrowings 3,823 1,661 5,484
Subordinated notes - 624 624
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities (13) 3,836 3,823
Total interest-bearing liabilities $ 6,925 $ 100,988 $ 107,913
Net interest income - FTE $ 20,393 $ (5,102) $ 15,291
Noninterest Income - Noninterest income decreased in 2024 from 2023 following a decrease in 2023 from 2022. The following table shows the components of our noninterest income for the most recent three years ended December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2024
$ Change
from 2023 2024
% Change
from 2023 2023
$ Change
from 2022 2023
% Change
from 2022
Noninterest income:
Trust and wealth advisory $ 26,709 $ 23,706 $ 23,107 $ 3,003 12.67 % $ 599 2.59 %
Service charges on deposit accounts 12,877 12,749 12,146 128 1.00 % 603 4.96 %
Debit card 17,785 17,980 18,052 (195) (1.08) % (72) (0.40) %
Mortgage banking 4,210 3,471 4,122 739 21.29 % (651) (15.79) %
Insurance commissions 6,730 6,911 6,703 (181) (2.62) % 208 3.10 %
Equipment rental 5,171 8,837 12,274 (3,666) (41.48) % (3,437) (28.00) %
Losses on investment securities available-for-sale (3,889) (2,926) (184) (963) (32.91) % (2,742) NM
Other 16,714 19,895 15,042 (3,181) (15.99) % 4,853 32.26 %
Total noninterest income $ 86,307 $ 90,623 $ 91,262 $ (4,316) (4.76) % $ (639) (0.70) %
NM = Not Meaningful
Trust and wealth advisory fees (which include investment management fees, estate administration fees, mutual fund fees, annuity fees, and fiduciary fees) increased in 2024 from 2023 compared to an increase in 2023 over 2022. Trust and wealth advisory fees are largely based on the number and size of client relationships and the market value of assets under management. The market value of trust assets under management at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $5.97 billion and $5.46 billion, respectively. The positive performance of the stock and bond markets primarily during the first nine months of 2024 resulted in an increase in the market value of trust assets under management compared to 2023. At December 31, 2024, these trust assets were comprised of $4.03 billion of personal and agency trusts and estate administration assets, $1.18 billion of employee benefit plan assets, $0.59 million of individual retirement accounts, and $0.17 million of custody assets.
Service charges on deposit accounts increased in 2024 from 2023 compared to an increase in 2023 from 2022. The growth in service charges on deposit accounts in 2024 was primarily due to a higher volume of business deposit account fees. The growth in service charges on deposit accounts in 2023 was primarily due to increased consumer and business overdraft transactions.
Debit card income declined during 2024 following a slight decrease during 2023. The decline in 2024 to 2023 was related to shifts in both client transaction behavior and the networks over which those merchants are routing transactions. During 2023, regulatory changes to web commerce transactions implemented by the Federal Reserve had a negative impact.
Mortgage banking income increased in 2024 over 2023, compared to a decrease in 2023 from 2022. During 2024, 2023, and 2022, we determined that no permanent write-down was necessary for previously recorded impairment on MSRs. During 2024 mortgage banking income increased due to higher production of loans originated for the secondary market resulting in increased income on loans sold into the secondary market. During 2023, mortgage banking income decreased primarily due to reduced mortgage origination volumes resulting in lower income on loans sold in the secondary market.
Insurance commissions decreased in 2024 compared to 2023 and increased in 2023 compared to 2022. The decrease in 2024 was primarily due to fewer contingent commissions received. The rise in 2023 was primarily due to a larger book of business and more contingent commissions received.
Equipment rental income generated from operating leases decreased during 2024 from 2023 compared to a similar reduction during 2023 from 2022. The average equipment rental portfolio decreased in 2024 over 2023 and decreased in 2023 over 2022 as a result of reduced leasing volume primarily in the medium and heavy duty truck, construction equipment and the auto and light truck portfolios due to changing customer preferences and competitive pricing pressures for new business. In 2024 and 2023, the decline in rental income was offset by a similar decline in depreciation on equipment owned under operating leases.
Losses on investment securities available-for-sale during 2024 were exclusively the result of repositioning the portfolio during the fourth quarter. In the repositioning, approximately $63 million of securities with a weighted average yield of 0.71% were sold and used to purchase approximately $63 million of securities with a weighted average yield of 4.64%. Losses during 2023 were primarily the result of repositioning the investment securities portfolio. In the 2023 repositioning, approximately $40 million of securities with a weighted average yield of 1.10% were sold and used to purchase approximately $40 million of securities with a weighted average yield of 4.80%. The remaining 2023 losses were the result of sales to support liquidity and fund loan growth during the first quarter. Losses during 2022 were from the sale of Federal agency securities with the goal of managing portfolio risk and liquidity.
Other income decreased in 2024 from 2023 compared to an increase in 2023 from 2022. The decrease in 2024 was mainly a result of lower partnership investment gains on sale of renewable energy tax equity investments, a writedown of $0.86 million on a small business capital investment and a reduction in customer interest rate swap fees of $0.48 million, offset by increased brokerage commissions and fees of $0.84 million and rental income of $0.23 million related to a repossessed asset. The increase in 2023 was mainly a result of partnership investment gains on sale of renewable energy tax equity investments of $3.43 million, increased customer interest rate swap fees of $1.23 million and higher bank owned life insurance policy claims.
Noninterest Expense - Noninterest expense increased in 2024 from 2023 following an increase in 2023 from 2022. The following table shows the components of our noninterest expense for the most recent three years ended December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2024
$ Change
from 2023 2024
% Change
from 2023 2023
$ Change
from 2022 2023
% Change
from 2022
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits $ 121,909 $ 115,612 $ 105,110 $ 6,297 5.45 % $ 10,502 9.99 %
Net occupancy 11,939 11,090 10,728 849 7.66 % 362 3.37 %
Furniture and equipment 5,612 5,653 5,448 (41) (0.73) % 205 3.76 %
Data Processing 27,567 25,055 22,375 2,512 10.03 % 2,680 11.98 %
Depreciation - leased equipment 4,073 7,093 10,023 (3,020) (42.58) % (2,930) (29.23) %
Professional fees 7,098 6,705 7,280 393 5.86 % (575) (7.90) %
FDIC and other insurance 6,142 5,926 3,625 216 3.64 % 2,301 63.48 %
Business development and marketing 6,876 7,157 5,823 (281) (3.93) % 1,334 22.91 %
Provision for unfunded loan commitments - 2,566 1,420 NM NM 1,146 80.70 %
Other 12,385 14,867 12,867 (2,482) (16.69) % 2,000 15.54 %
Total noninterest expense $ 203,601 $ 201,724 $ 184,699 $ 1,877 0.93 % $ 17,025 9.22 %
NM = Not Meaningful
Total salaries and employee benefits increased in 2024 from 2023, following an increase in 2023 from 2022.
Employee salaries grew $7.45 million or 7.97% in 2024 from 2023 compared to an increase of $7.17 million or 8.31% in 2023 from 2022. The increase in 2024 was mainly a result of higher base salaries due to normal merit increases, the impact of wage inflation, and an increase in the number of employees from the filling of prior open positions and lower employee turnover as well as an increase in incentive compensation. The increase in 2023 was mainly a result of higher base salaries due to normal merit increases, the impact of wage inflation, and an increase in the number of employees from the filling of prior open positions and lower employee turnover.
Employee benefits decreased $1.15 million or 5.20% in 2024 from 2023, compared to a $3.33 million or 17.73% increase in 2023 from 2022. During 2024, group insurance costs were lower due to fewer claims experienced and the utilization of accumulated plan forfeitures of $0.65 million to offset current year employer contribution expense. During 2023, group insurance costs were higher due to a rise in claims experienced and increased company contributions to employee retirement accounts compared to levels in 2022.
Occupancy expense rose in 2024 from 2023, compared to an increase in 2023 from 2022. The expense increase in 2024 was primarily the result of increased premises expenses and higher rents. The elevated expense in 2023 was primarily the result of higher premises repairs.
Furniture and equipment expense, including depreciation, was relatively flat in 2024 from 2023 compared to an increase in 2023 from 2022. The higher expense in 2023 was primarily due to increased computer-related hardware replacement costs.
Data processing expense rose in 2024 from 2023, following an increase in 2023 from 2022. The increases in 2024 and 2023 were both due to a rise in software maintenance costs and higher computer processing charges related to a variety of technology projects.
Depreciation on equipment owned under operating leases declined in 2024 from 2023, following a similar decrease in 2023 from 2022. In 2024 and 2023, depreciation on equipment owned under operating leases correlated with the change in equipment rental income.
Professional fees increased in 2024 from 2023, compared to a decrease in 2023 from 2022. The higher expense in 2024 can primarily be attributed to a $1.08 million reversal of accrued legal fees in the first quarter of 2023, as well as an increase in audit and examination fees and the utilization of consulting services for technology projects and compliance services during the year. The lower expense in 2023 can primarily be attributed to a decline in the utilization of consulting services for technology projects and compliance services as well as the aforementioned reversal of accrued legal fees during the first quarter of 2023.
FDIC and other insurance expense grew in 2024 from 2023 and increased in 2023 from 2022. The increase in 2024 was mainly the result of higher general insurance premiums during 2024 and higher blanket bond insurance premiums. The increase in 2023 was mainly the result of higher assessments for FDIC premiums from a two basis point increase in assessment rates during the first quarter of 2023.
Business development and marketing expenses decreased in 2024 from 2023 following an increase in 2023 from 2022. The decreased expense in 2024 was mainly the result of a charitable contribution of $1.00 million made during 2023 offset with higher marketing promotions during the year. The increased expense in 2023 was mainly the result of a charitable contribution of $1.00 million and higher marketing promotions.
During 2024, we reclassified the provision for unfunded loan commitments out of Other Noninterest Expense and into the Provision for Credit Losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We believe this reclassification more appropriately reflects the nature of this expense item and will enhance comparability for peer comparison purposes. We have not reclassified the 2023 and 2022 presentation. The increase in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily the result of an increase in non-cancelable outstanding loan commitments and a lengthening of the average contractual draw period.
Other expenses decreased in 2024 as compared to 2023 and increased in 2023 as compared to 2022. The lower expense in 2024 was primarily the result of higher gains on the sale of fixed assets and leased equipment, lower printing and postage costs, reduced data communication line charges and a reduction in employment and relocation costs offset by a $0.85 million stolen check fraud loss. The higher expense in 2023 was primarily the result of higher postage and shipping costs and a rise in data communication line charges as bandwidth was improved.
Income Taxes - 1st Source recognized income tax expense in 2024 of $38.44 million, compared to $36.75 million in 2023, and $36.26 million in 2022. The effective tax rate in 2024 was 22.47% compared to 22.73% in 2023, and 23.12% in 2022.
For a detailed analysis of 1st Source’s income taxes see Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Loan and Lease Portfolio - The following table shows 1st Source’s loan and lease distribution at the end of each of the last two years as of December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Commercial and agricultural $ 772,974 $ 766,223
Renewable energy 487,266 399,708
Auto and light truck 948,435 966,912
Medium and heavy duty truck 289,623 311,947
Aircraft 1,123,797 1,078,172
Construction equipment 1,203,912 1,084,752
Commercial real estate 1,215,265 1,129,861
Residential real estate and home equity 680,071 637,973
Consumer 133,465 142,957
Total loans and leases $ 6,854,808 $ 6,518,505
At December 31, 2024, there were no concentrations within the loan portfolio of 10% or more of total loans and leases.
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount, at December 31, 2024, were $6.85 billion and were 76.74% of total assets, compared to $6.52 billion and 74.69% of total assets at December 31, 2023. Average loans and leases, net of unearned discount, increased $394.47 million or 6.36% and increased $637.16 million or 11.45% in 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Commercial and agricultural lending, excluding those loans secured by real estate, increased $6.75 million or 0.88% in 2024 over 2023. Commercial and agricultural lending outstandings were $772.97 million and $766.22 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Consistent with what we saw in 2023, loan growth continued to be difficult as higher interest rates caused borrowers to manage their cash closely. We saw this in the form of reduced line of credit (LOC) balances throughout the year although we did experience an increase from a small number of specialty finance borrowers at year end. Further, the agriculture sector is in its second consecutive year of depressed commodity prices which caused lower LOC usage as well as reduced investment in equipment from these borrowers. Finally, our commercial and industrial loan outstandings were impacted by the acquisition and subsequent pay-off of three of our larger credit exposures.
Renewable energy loans and leases increased $87.56 million or 21.91% in 2024 over 2023. Renewable energy loan and lease outstandings were $487.27 million and $399.71 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase during 2024 was due to continued positive momentum from the addition of new clients and repeat business from existing clients. Demand for renewable energy loans and leases remained accelerated during 2024 from the incentives associated with the Inflation Reduction Act.
Auto and light truck loans decreased $18.48 million or 1.91% in 2024 over 2023. At December 31, 2024, auto and light truck loans had outstandings of $948.44 million and $966.91 million at December 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily attributable to vehicle rental and commercial lessor clients’ reaction to elevated interest rates by cycling into lower cost units with increased vehicle availability, and shorter fleet holds which reflect a return to more seasonal trends.
Medium and heavy duty truck loans and leases decreased $22.32 million or 7.16% in 2024. Medium and heavy duty truck financing at December 31, 2024 and 2023 had outstandings of $289.62 million and $311.95 million, respectively. The decrease at December 31, 2024 from December 31, 2023 can be mainly attributed to a slow trucking industry recovery coupled with a selective credit approach to maintain risk adjusted yields, with minimal changes in competitive environment, for existing customers.
Aircraft financing at year-end 2024 increased $45.63 million or 4.23% from year-end 2023. Aircraft financing at December 31, 2024 and 2023 had outstandings of $1.12 billion and $1.08 billion, respectively. Domestic outstandings were driven by the addition of new clients and select expansions of existing aviation relationships against a background of normalizing demand post COVID-era. We continue to exercise a consistent disciplined approach to aircraft types and client credit profiles. Our foreign outstandings, all denominated in U.S. dollars, remained stable during 2024 and were $301.18 million and $302.41 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Loan and lease outstandings to borrowers in Brazil and Mexico were $129.12 million and $145.85 million as of December 31, 2024, respectively, compared to $119.38 million and $147.61 million as of December 31, 2023, respectively. Outstanding balances to other borrowers in other countries were insignificant.
Construction equipment financing increased $119.16 million or 10.98% in 2024 compared to 2023. Construction equipment financing at December 31, 2024 had outstandings of $1.20 billion, compared to outstandings of $1.08 billion at December 31, 2023. The growth in this category was primarily due to significant new client relationships and continued growth with existing clients primarily amongst crane rental, aggregate producers and haulers, and site development clients.
Commercial loans secured by real estate increased $85.40 million or 7.56% in 2024 over 2023. Commercial loans secured by real estate outstanding at December 31, 2024 were $1.22 billion and $1.13 billion at December 31, 2023. Approximately 62% of loans were owner occupied at December 31, 2024. The majority of our non-owner occupied commercial real estate projects are located within our primary market area. Funding increases in 2024 was the result of selective growth within our markets as liquidity concerns which impacted many of our competitors and their willingness to lend into commercial real estate gave us an opportunity as underwriting and yields improved. As a result, there was a number of construction projects that were approved in 2023 and 2024 that will provide steady growth into 2025. Through 2024, our non-owner occupied portfolio has performed well with minimal credit issues noted. We have financed a minimal amount of commercial real estate secured by non-owner occupied office property where third-party tenants are the primary source of repayment and all are performing as agreed.
Residential real estate and home equity loans were $680.07 million at December 31, 2024 and $637.97 million at December 31, 2023. Residential real estate and home equity loans increased $42.10 million or 6.60% in 2024 from 2023. Residential mortgage and home equity outstandings grew in 2024 as clients began to turn back to home equity loans as variable rates began to decrease. In addition, increased cost of home repairs and improvements resulted in larger loan amounts.
Consumer loans decreased $9.49 million or 6.64% in 2024 over 2023. Consumer loans outstanding at December 31, 2024, were $133.47 million and $142.96 million at December 31, 2023. During 2024, higher vehicle prices, increased interest rates, reduced inventory levels and consumer’s lack of liquidity contributed to the decrease in consumer loans.
The following table shows the contractual maturities of loans and leases outstanding as of December 31, 2024 as well as classification according to the sensitivity to changes in interest rates.
(Dollars in thousands) 0-1 Year 1-5 Years 5-15 Years Over 15 Years Total
Commercial and agricultural
Fixed rate $ 76,187 $ 149,266 $ 9,349 $ - $ 234,802
Variable rate 309,516 180,018 48,638 - 538,172
Total commercial and agricultural 385,703 329,284 57,987 - 772,974
Renewable energy
Fixed rate 2,564 36,164 38,992 2,405 80,125
Variable rate 206,942 111,640 88,559 - 407,141
Total renewable energy 209,506 147,804 127,551 2,405 487,266
Auto and light truck
Fixed rate 156,648 295,709 5,892 - 458,249
Variable rate 192,071 298,115 - - 490,186
Total auto and light truck 348,719 593,824 5,892 - 948,435
Medium and heavy duty truck
Fixed rate 92,913 187,681 6,495 - 287,089
Variable rate 2,038 496 - - 2,534
Total medium and heavy duty truck 94,951 188,177 6,495 - 289,623
Aircraft
Fixed rate 156,395 622,262 - - 778,657
Variable rate 78,580 182,335 84,225 - 345,140
Total aircraft 234,975 804,597 84,225 - 1,123,797
Construction equipment
Fixed rate 382,518 765,055 19,808 - 1,167,381
Variable rate 9,452 24,071 3,008 - 36,531
Total construction equipment 391,970 789,126 22,816 - 1,203,912
Commercial real estate
Fixed rate 106,226 433,321 52,296 238 592,081
Variable rate 45,189 378,152 192,930 6,913 623,184
Total commercial real estate 151,415 811,473 245,226 7,151 1,215,265
Residential real estate and home equity
Fixed rate 77,631 179,010 170,640 7,466 434,747
Variable rate 53,155 125,039 66,016 1,114 245,324
Total residential real estate and home equity 130,786 304,049 236,656 8,580 680,071
Consumer
Fixed rate 57,546 63,552 93 - 121,191
Variable rate 8,691 3,563 20 - 12,274
Total consumer 66,237 67,115 113 - 133,465
Total loans and leases
Fixed rate 1,108,628 2,732,020 303,565 10,109 4,154,322
Variable rate 905,634 1,303,429 483,396 8,027 2,700,486
Total loans and leases $ 2,014,262 $ 4,035,449 $ 786,961 $ 18,136 $ 6,854,808
During 2024, approximately 37% of the Bank’s residential mortgage originations were sold into the secondary market. Mortgage loans held for sale were $2.57 million at December 31, 2024 and were $1.44 million at December 31, 2023.
1st Source Bank sells residential mortgage loans to Fannie Mae as well as FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed loans in Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities. Additionally, we have sold loans on a service released basis to various other financial institutions in the past. The agreements under which we sell these mortgage loans contain various representations and warranties regarding the acceptability of loans for purchase. On occasion, we may be asked to indemnify the loan purchaser for credit losses on loans that were later deemed ineligible for purchase or we may be asked to repurchase a loan. Both circumstances are collectively referred to as “repurchases.” Within the industry, repurchase demands have decreased during recent years. We believe the loans we have underwritten and sold to these entities have met or exceeded applicable transaction parameters.
Our liability for repurchases, included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Statements of Financial Condition, was $0.18 million and $0.15 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our expense for repurchase losses, included in Loan and Lease Collection and Repossession expense on the Statements of Income, was $0.02 million of expense in 2024 compared to recoveries of $0.07 million in 2023 and $0.05 million in 2022. The mortgage repurchase liability represents our best estimate of the loss that we may incur. The estimate is based on specific loan repurchase requests and a historical loss ratio with respect to origination dollar volume. Because the level of mortgage loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, investor demand strategies and other external conditions that may change over the life of the underlying loans, the level of liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses is difficult to estimate and requires considerable management judgment.
CREDIT EXPERIENCE
Allowance for Credit Losses - The allowance for credit losses considers the historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. To estimate expected loan and lease losses under the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) methodology, we use a broad range of data over a lengthy time horizon, generally back to the fourth quarter of 2007, thus capturing most of the economic business cycle which includes the Great Recession and the subsequent long and slow recovery which supports full lifetime losses. CECL requires our loan portfolio to be segregated into pools based on similar risk characteristics.
Pooled loans and leases are collectively evaluated using either a cohort cumulative loss rate methodology or a transition matrix-based probability of default (PD)/loss given default (LGD) methodology. Our management evaluates the allowance quarterly, reviewing all loans and leases over a fixed-dollar amount ($250,000) where the internal credit quality grade is at or below a predetermined classification, considering actual and anticipated loss experience, current economic events in specific industries, and other pertinent factors including general economic conditions. Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates and adjustments to historical loss rates to capture differences that may exist between current and historical conditions, including consideration of economic risk which is generally reflected in a forecast adjustment, specific industry risk and concentration risk, all of which may be susceptible to significant and unforeseen changes. We review the loan and lease portfolios to identify borrowers that might develop financial problems and to mitigate losses. Our allowance for loan and lease losses is provided for by direct charges to the provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Losses on loans and leases are charged against the allowance and likewise, recoveries during the period for prior losses are credited to the allowance. We utilize similar processes to estimate our liability for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments which is included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and is provided for by direct charges to the provision for unfunded loan commitments located in Provision for Credit Losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on management’s evaluation of the allowance for credit losses.
We perform a thorough analysis of charge-offs, non-performing asset levels, special attention outstandings and delinquency to review portfolio trends, including specific industry risks and economic conditions, which may have an impact on the allowance and allowance ratios applied to various portfolios. We adjust the calculated historical-based ratio based on analysis of environmental factors, principally specific industry risk, collateral risk, and concentration risk, along with global economic and political issues. Our forecast adjustment includes key economic factors affecting our portfolios such as growth in gross domestic product, unemployment rates, housing market trends, commodity prices, and inflation. Forecasts are difficult to establish and the current environment presents challenges with high interest rates and continued elevated inflation, generally tighter lending conditions, growing signs of consumer stress, and heightened uncertainty from ongoing conflicts around the world. There is considerable uncertainty surrounding economic growth prospects as we enter the new year, with varied calls ranging from soft landing to recession for the domestic economy. GDP growth exceeded previous forecasts in 2024 but substantial headwinds remain in the forward outlook. Uncertainty is high as global conflicts broadened, and significant changes in both the domestic and global political environments add uncertainty. Collateral values are significant to underwriting our specialty finance portfolios and volatility or declining values pose a threat. We actively review and adjust our amortization and down payment requirements as necessary in response to our outlook for future equipment values. Concentration risk is impacted primarily by geographic concentration in northern Indiana and southwestern Michigan in our business banking and commercial real estate portfolios and by collateral concentration in our specialty finance portfolios.
We include a factor for global risk in our analysis. While difficult to predict with precision, global risks may adversely impact our borrowers impairing their ability to repay their financial obligations. The global outlook calls for slow growth as high sovereign debt levels and continued high interest rates in developing countries pressure growth prospects. Global geopolitical uncertainty impacts the outlook and various ongoing foreign conflicts bring downside risk. Trade tensions are rising which increases the potential for supply chain disruptions. Terrorism remains a persistent concern and risks of a catastrophic event are elevated. In Brazil and Mexico where we have a presence with our aircraft lending, we remain concerned with persistent inflation, high interest rates and their resultant economic impact. Inflation is concerning in Brazil where a weakening currency and fiscal expansion are fueling an inflationary rebound. Mexico also faces an uncertain inflationary outlook and modest growth prospects.
The following discussion focuses on relevant economic conditions and various circumstances impacting the December 31, 2024 allowance for loan and lease losses of each of our loan and lease segments.
Commercial and agricultural - Multiple industries are represented in the commercial and agricultural portfolio and the outlook for the portfolio remains guarded. Small businesses are challenged to absorb higher interest rates, higher cost of capital, compete for labor, and control expenses. In our underlying industries, wholesalers have generally performed well and have been able to pass along rising costs. Manufacturers remain under pressure as demand for durable goods remains soft. The recreational vehicle industry, which is centered in our footprint, continues to struggle with lower demand and production overcapacity as it navigates a sharp decline from record high shipment levels reached in 2022. The outlook for 2025 remains weak; minimally improved from 2024. Pressures in the agricultural markets are becoming evident, as sharp declines in commodity prices coupled with continued high input costs hurt 2024 results and dampened prospects for the upcoming year. We experienced higher charge-offs in the commercial and agricultural portfolio for a second consecutive year after a previously sustained period of low credit losses. Credit quality remains acceptable, but we have seen increased special attention activity within the portfolio.
Renewable energy - Our renewable energy (predominately solar) portfolio continues to perform well. Growth opportunities abound and overall credit quality remains solid. Risks include construction and developer related risks and delays, site issues, climate and weather risks, regulatory problems and permitting issues, as well as utility interconnection delays. Maturity risk and refinancing costs are elevated given the higher interest rate environment. To date, we have not incurred any losses in this portfolio and credit performance continues to be favorable.
Auto and light truck - The primary auto rental segment of the auto and light truck portfolio reported lower loan demand and weakening credit metrics after several years of strong performance. We are seeing evidence of industry struggles in the portfolio as higher interest rates, higher vehicle costs, and shrinking rental rates take their toll. Credit quality weakened during the year evidenced by an increase in special attention downgrades, delinquency, and requests for payment relief. Wholesale used vehicle valuations softened through the first half of 2024 but stabilized in the second half, ending the year generally flat overall. Prices did soften within the electric vehicle segment of which we have limited exposure. Overall, vehicle values remain above the longer-term trend line and constrained original equipment manufacturer (OEM) production volumes have likely provided some pricing support. Clients are returning to more normalized fleet cycles, but increased vehicle costs have strained performance and extended inventory holding times. We have tightened our underwriting standards to maintain appropriate terms in an attempt to limit our exposure to downward price movements in the underlying vehicle collateral. The auto leasing segment performed well in 2024 and the portfolio exhibits stable credit quality and low delinquency. Leasing customers lease to auto rental companies as well as other commercial entities. Our auto leasing portfolio is concentrated in larger client exposures. We remain diligent in setting our terms and residual values appropriately and monitoring fleet mix given recent volatility in vehicle prices. Despite signs of weakening credit metrics, the auto and light truck portfolio reported a net recovery position for the year. To account for weakening credit metrics in our auto rental segment, we adjusted qualitative factors for elevated special attention risk within our allowance for loan and lease losses.
Medium and heavy duty truck - The industry continues to struggle with overcapacity and weak freight rates. This portfolio has historically been a barometer for overall economic weakness and the industry has experienced several high-profile carrier bankruptcies and generally difficult conditions. In previous downturns, small companies and independent owner-operators were hit the hardest and asset valuations were pressured. Asset valuations have weakened. The portfolio reported a slight decline in loan balances for the year and has exhibited some credit weakness, although it has likely outperformed the industry as a whole and the Company did not incur any credit losses in the portfolio during the period. The possibility of labor unrest within the shipping industry raises the potential for volatility in the segment and we continue to monitor for signs of credit deterioration in our portfolio given the industry’s increased risk profile.
Aircraft - The Company experienced modest loan growth in the domestic aircraft segment during the period while growth in our foreign portfolio was essentially flat. Aircraft collateral values, particularly those in our niche, strengthened considerably early in this economic cycle but are now showing signs of softening with increasing available inventory. The portfolio has maintained stable credit quality in recent years, but was among the sectors affected most by the sluggish economy following the Great Recession. Our portfolio loss history has been volatile, characterized by lengthy periods of minimal losses or modest recoveries followed by short intervals of high losses. In this portfolio, we have $301 million of foreign exposure, primarily domiciled in Mexico and Brazil. Brazil’s economy generally outperformed expectations during 2024, but faces increasing inflationary and fiscal concerns, higher interest rates, and a sharply weakening currency. The Mexican economy experienced modest growth in 2024, and remains highly dependent on the U.S. economy. Heavy indebtedness and financial problems with state-owned oil firm Pemex are an ongoing concern for Mexico’s broader growth prospects.
Construction equipment - Our construction equipment portfolio reported another year of solid growth, but at a slower rate as compared to previous periods. Infrastructure spending has had a positive impact for many contractors within the segment. The portfolio experienced stable credit quality in the time period between the Great Recession and the pandemic, but there have been credit quality concerns with unanticipated downgrades to special attention in recent years. The portfolio reported increased monthly delinquency activity during the period and currently accounts for the Company’s highest share of nonperforming assets. The portfolio has also recognized several sizeable losses in recent years which have been successfully mitigated, achieving fairly high recovery rates with time. There remains elevated concern for construction contractors as the portfolio is inherently vulnerable to energy price volatility, high interest rates, and changes in the regulatory environment. Construction projects can have unknown costs or delays and large project risk is ever-present. Volatile energy, labor, and material prices create difficulties for cost structures in an industry that often operates under longer-term contracts lacking adequate cost escalators. Our portfolio has seen multiple instances of contractors having difficulty managing and collecting receivables which resulted in severe payment difficulties. Historically, we have experienced less volatility in this portfolio than the broader industry as losses have been mitigated by appropriate underwriting and a global market for used construction equipment. We reviewed our qualitative adjustments at year-end, and maintained factors for concentration risk of overall bank capital given the portfolio’s loan growth, elevated problem loan activity in the segment given steady special attention volumes, and added a factor for increasing delinquency and nonperforming asset trends.
Commercial real estate - Similar to the commercial portfolio, our commercial real estate loans are concentrated in our local market with local customers although we do fund select projects outside our market with multi-state developers that are headquartered in our footprint. Approximately 62% of the Bank’s exposure in this portfolio is from owner-occupied facilities where we are the primary relationship bank for our clients. We reviewed our qualitative adjustments as of year-end and made slight adjustments to factors addressing interest rate maturity risk along with construction risk in select segments as the loan volume of projects under construction remains much higher than prior periods. We have seen an uptick in special attention activity in our owner-occupied segment, while our non-owner-occupied segment has maintained generally stable credit quality. We continue to be concerned about higher interest and capitalization rates within the non-owner-occupied segment and the potential negative impact on both real estate valuations and projected cash flows.
Residential real estate and home equity - Our residential real estate and home equity portfolio consists of loans to individuals in the communities we serve. Generally, residential mortgage loans are originated using standards that result in salable mortgages. Home equity loans are also advanced in compliance with regulatory guidelines and the Bank’s credit policy. Losses in these portfolios have been immaterial since 2013. Qualitative factors in the portfolio are primarily for reasonable and supportable forecasts, although we maintained a previous adjustment to account for an elevated amount of non-salable adjustable-rate mortgages in the loan mix with repricing risk at maturity.
Consumer - Our consumer loan portfolio consists of loans to individuals in the communities we serve. This portfolio consists primarily of loans secured by autos with advances in compliance with the Bank’s underwriting standards. Losses are stable during good economic times and tend to increase when there is deterioration in local economic factors and employment rates. Loss rates had been modest from 2013 through the end of the pandemic, but we experienced higher write-downs within the portfolio in each of the last two years. We reviewed our qualitative adjustments at the end of the 2024 which primarily consist of reasonable and supportable forecasts and made an upward adjustment to account for increasing delinquency and nonperforming activity within the portfolio.
Allowance for loan and lease losses - The allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31, 2024, totaled $155.54 million and was 2.27% of loans and leases, compared to $147.55 million or 2.26% of loans and leases at December 31, 2023 and $139.27 million or 2.32% of loans and leases at December 31, 2022. It is our opinion that the allowance for loan and lease losses was appropriate to absorb current expected credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio as of December 31, 2024.
Charge-offs for loan and lease losses were $13.73 million for 2024, compared to $6.65 million for 2023 and $3.41 million for 2022. Primarily reflective of our strong loan and lease growth and qualitative adjustments, we added $13.66 million to the provision for credit losses on loans and leases for 2024, compared to a provision of $5.87 million for 2023 and a provision of $13.25 million for 2022.
The following table summarizes our loan and lease loss experience for each of the last three years ended December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022
Amounts of loans and leases outstanding at end of period $ 6,854,808 $ 6,518,505 $ 6,011,162
Average amount of net loans and leases outstanding during period $ 6,598,329 $ 6,203,857 $ 5,566,701
Amount of unfunded loan commitments at end of period(1)
$ 1,326,724 $ 1,478,840 $ 1,255,289
Balance of allowance for loan and lease losses at beginning of period $ 147,552 $ 139,268 $ 127,492
Charge-offs:
Commercial and agricultural 9,825 4,305 625
Renewable energy - - -
Auto and light truck 730 729 118
Medium and heavy duty truck - - -
Aircraft 68 - -
Construction equipment 1,692 54 1,114
Commercial real estate - 248 538
Residential real estate and home equity 66 101 284
Consumer 1,349 1,211 730
Total charge-offs 13,730 6,648 3,409
Recoveries:
Commercial and agricultural 418 243 56
Renewable energy - - -
Auto and light truck 3,273 5,591 417
Medium and heavy duty truck - 12 -
Aircraft 1,279 967 785
Construction equipment 2,100 1,656 17
Commercial real estate 724 11 45
Residential real estate and home equity 26 334 160
Consumer 235 252 460
Total recoveries 8,055 9,066 1,940
Net charge-offs (recoveries) 5,675 (2,418) 1,469
Provision for credit losses - loans and leases 13,663 5,866 13,245
Balance of allowance for loan and lease losses at end of period $ 155,540 $ 147,552 $ 139,268
Balance of liability for unfunded loan commitments at beginning of period $ 8,182 $ 5,616 $ 4,196
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses - unfunded loan commitments (1,197) 2,566 1,420
Balance of liability for unfunded loan commitments at end of period $ 6,985 $ 8,182 $ 5,616
Asset Quality Ratios:
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average net loans and leases outstanding 0.09 % (0.04) % 0.03 %
Allowance for loan and lease losses to net loans and leases outstanding end of period 2.27 % 2.26 % 2.32 %
Liability for unfunded loan commitments to unfunded loan commitments end of period 0.53 % 0.55 % 0.45 %
Allowance for loan and lease losses and liability for unfunded loan commitments to net loans and leasesoutstanding and unfunded loan commitments end of period
1.99 % 1.95 % 1.99 %
(1) Represents noncancelable commitments
The following table shows net charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage of average loans and leases by portfolio type:
2024 2023 2022
Commercial and agricultural 1.29 % 0.52 % 0.07 %
Renewable energy - - -
Auto and light truck (0.26) (0.55) (0.04)
Medium and heavy duty truck - - -
Aircraft (0.11) (0.09) (0.08)
Construction equipment (0.04) (0.16) 0.13
Commercial real estate (0.06) 0.02 0.05
Residential real estate and home equity 0.01 (0.04) 0.02
Consumer 0.81 0.66 0.19
Total net charge-offs (recoveries) to average portfolio loans and leases 0.09 % (0.04) % 0.03 %
The allowance for loan and lease losses has been allocated according to the amount deemed necessary to provide for the estimated current expected credit losses. The following table shows the amount of such components of the allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31 and the ratio of such loan and lease categories to total outstanding loan and lease balances.
2024 2023
(Dollars in thousands) Allowance Amount Percentage of Loans and Leases in Each Category to Total Loans and Leases Allowance Amount Percentage of Loans and Leases in Each Category to Total Loans and Leases
Commercial and agricultural $ 21,316 11.28 % $ 17,385 11.76 %
Renewable energy 8,562 7.11 6,610 6.13
Auto and light truck 18,437 13.84 16,858 14.83
Medium and heavy duty truck 7,292 4.22 8,965 4.79
Aircraft 36,663 16.39 37,653 16.54
Construction equipment 28,258 17.56 26,510 16.64
Commercial real estate 24,821 17.73 23,690 17.33
Residential real estate and home equity 7,976 9.92 7,698 9.79
Consumer 2,215 1.95 2,183 2.19
Total $ 155,540 100.00 % $ 147,552 100.00 %
Nonperforming Assets - Nonperforming assets include loans past due over 90 days, nonaccrual loans and leases, other real estate, repossessions and other nonperforming assets we own. Our policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest on loans and leases where principal or interest is past due and remains unpaid for 90 days or more, or when an individual analysis of a borrower’s credit worthiness indicates a credit should be placed on nonperforming status, except for residential real estate and home equity loans, which are placed on nonaccrual at the time the loan is placed in foreclosure and consumer loans that are both well secured and in the process of collection.
Nonperforming assets amounted to $31.33 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $24.24 million at December 31, 2023, and $26.93 million at December 31, 2022. During 2024, interest income on nonaccrual loans and leases would have increased by approximately $2.06 million compared to $1.47 million in 2023 if these loans and leases had earned interest at their full contractual rate.
Nonperforming assets at December 31, 2024 increased from December 31, 2023, mainly due to increases in nonaccrual loans and leases in the construction equipment portfolio and to a lesser extent, the residential real estate and home equity portfolio offset by a decrease in nonaccrual loans and leases in the commercial and agricultural portfolio. Repossessions consisted mainly of units in the construction equipment portfolio. There is currently one property held in other real estate related to our construction equipment portfolio.
Nonperforming assets at December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023
Loans past due over 90 days $ 106 $ 149
Nonaccrual loans and leases:
Commercial and agricultural 4,715 13,267
Renewable energy - -
Auto and light truck 2,806 4,666
Medium and heavy duty truck - -
Aircraft - -
Construction equipment 17,976 176
Commercial real estate 1,595 2,970
Residential real estate and home equity 2,711 1,812
Consumer 810 490
Total nonaccrual loans and leases 30,613 23,381
Total nonperforming loans and leases 30,719 23,530
Other real estate 460 -
Repossessions:
Commercial and agricultural - -
Auto and light truck - 689
Medium and heavy duty truck - -
Aircraft - -
Construction equipment 134 -
Consumer 21 16
Total repossessions 155 705
Operating leases - -
Total nonperforming assets $ 31,334 $ 24,235
Nonperforming loans and leases to loans and leases, net of unearned discount 0.45 % 0.36 %
Nonperforming assets to loans and leases and operating leases, net of unearned discount 0.46 % 0.37 %
Coverage ratio of allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans and leases 506.33 % 627.08 %
Potential Problem Loans - Potential problem loans consist of loans that are performing but for which management has concerns about the ability of a borrower to continue to comply with repayment terms because of potential operating or financial difficulties. Management monitors these loans closely and reviews their performance on a regular basis. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $20.60 million and $34.04 million, respectively, in loans of this type which are not included in either of the non-accrual or 90 days past due loan categories. At December 31, 2024, potential problem loans consisted of five relationships; one relationship in the commercial and agricultural portfolio, one relationship in the aircraft portfolio, one relationship in the medium and heavy duty truck portfolio, and two relationships in the construction portfolio. Weakness in the borrowers’ operating performance have caused us to give heighten attention to these credits.
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
The amortized cost of securities available-for-sale at year-end 2024 decreased 6.34% from 2023, following a 10.50% decrease from year-end 2022 to year-end 2023. The amortized cost of securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2024 was 18.48% of total assets, compared to 20.19% of total assets at December 31, 2023.
The following table shows the amortized cost of investment securities available-for-sale as of December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 786,417 $ 979,530
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities 86,305 97,522
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies 777,962 676,257
Corporate debt securities - 8,448
Foreign government securities - 600
Total investment securities available-for-sale $ 1,650,684 $ 1,762,357
Yields on tax-exempt obligations are calculated on a fully tax-equivalent basis assuming a 21% tax rate. The following table shows the maturities of securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2024, at the amortized costs and weighted average yields of such securities.
(Dollars in thousands) Amount Yield
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities
Under 1 year $ 264,572 0.77 %
1 - 5 years 492,814 1.53
5 - 10 years 29,031 4.67
Over 10 years - -
Total U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities 786,417 1.39
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities
Under 1 year 8,716 2.30
1 - 5 years 37,999 1.94
5 - 10 years 23,615 4.89
Over 10 years 15,975 5.60
Total U.S. States and political subdivisions securities 86,305 3.46
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies 777,962 2.63
Total investment securities available-for-sale $ 1,650,684 2.08 %
At December 31, 2024, the residential mortgage-backed securities we held consisted of GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC pass-through certificates (Government Sponsored Enterprise, GSEs). The type of loans underlying the securities were all conforming loans at the time of issuance. The underlying GSEs backing these mortgage-backed securities are rated Aaa or AA+ from the rating agencies. At December 31, 2024, the vintage (years originated) of the underlying loans comprising our securities are: 10% in the year 2024; 3% in the year 2023; 53% in the years 2021 and 2022; 21% in the years 2019 and 2020; 6% in the years 2017 and 2018; 7% in the years 2016 and prior.
DEPOSITS
The following table shows the average daily amounts of deposits and rates paid on such deposits.
2024 2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands) Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate
Noninterest bearing demand $ 1,609,001 - % $ 1,753,149 - % $ 2,037,882 - %
Interest bearing demand 2,463,386 2.73 2,481,362 2.33 2,554,945 0.69
Savings 1,255,111 1.45 1,181,314 0.68 1,283,143 0.08
Time 1,791,459 4.55 1,541,419 3.73 835,406 0.79
Total deposits $ 7,118,957 $ 6,957,244 $ 6,711,376
The following table shows the estimated scheduled maturities of the portion of time deposits in U.S. offices in excess of the FDIC insurance limit and time deposits that are otherwise uninsured.
(Dollars in thousands)
Under 3 Months $ 191,631
4 - 6 Months 197,654
7 - 12 Months 231,523
Over 12 Months 228,075
Total $ 848,883
See Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on deposits.
SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
The following table shows the distribution of our short-term borrowings and the weighted average interest rates thereon at the end of each of the last two years. Also provided are the maximum amount of borrowings and the average amount of borrowings, as well as weighted average interest rates for the last two years.
(Dollars in thousands) Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Repurchase Agreements Commercial Paper Federal Home Loan Bank Advances Federal Reserve Advances Other
Short-Term Borrowings Total Borrowings
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 72,346 $ - $ 75,000 $ 100,000 $ 1,852 $ 249,198
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end 82,591 - 170,000 100,000 2,450 355,041
Average amount outstanding 61,956 - 64,987 100,027 1,878 228,848
Weighted average interest rate during the year 1.01 % - % 5.40 % 4.84 % - % 3.92 %
Weighted average interest rate for outstanding amounts at December 31, 2024 1.15 % - % 4.50 % 4.76 % - % 3.60 %
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 55,809 $ - $ 155,000 $ 100,000 $ 1,550 $ 312,359
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end 189,138 3,491 225,000 100,000 1,694 519,323
Average amount outstanding 81,904 2,373 121,003 7,123 1,208 213,611
Weighted average interest rate during the year 0.36 % 0.09 % 5.28 % 4.98 % - % 3.29 %
Weighted average interest rate for outstanding amounts at December 31, 2023 0.37 % - % 5.51 % 4.83 % - % 4.35 %
During December 2023, we borrowed $100 million from the Federal Reserve’s Bank Term Funding Program based on the economics of the borrowing relative to our other funding sources. During January 2024, we refinanced the borrowing at a lower rate for another one year period.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Core Deposits - Our major source of investable funds is provided by stable core deposits consisting of all interest bearing and noninterest bearing deposits, excluding brokered certificates of deposit, listing services certificates of deposit and certain certificates of deposit over $250,000 based on established FDIC insured deposits. In 2024, average core deposits equaled 71.39% of average total assets, compared to 73.77% in 2023 and 79.60% in 2022. The effective rate of core deposits in 2024 was 1.97%, compared to 1.45% in 2023 and 0.32% in 2022.
Average noninterest bearing core deposits decreased 8.22% in 2024 compared to a decrease of 13.97% in 2023. These represented 25.79% of total core deposits in 2024, compared to 28.24% in 2023, and 31.71% in 2022.
Purchased Funds - We use purchased funds to supplement core deposits, which include certain certificates of deposit over $250,000, brokered certificates of deposit, listing services certificates of deposit, over-night borrowings, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, commercial paper, and other short-term borrowings which includes Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank borrowings. Purchased funds are raised from customers seeking short-term investments and are used to manage the Bank’s interest rate sensitivity. During 2024, our reliance on purchased funds increased to 12.69% of average total assets from 11.45% in 2023.
Shareholders’ Equity - Average shareholders’ equity equated 12.10% of average total assets in 2024, compared to 11.02% in 2023. Shareholders’ equity was 12.44% of total assets at year-end 2024, compared to 11.34% at year-end 2023. We include unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) which is a component of shareholders’ equity. While regulatory capital adequacy ratios exclude unrealized gains (losses), it does impact our equity as reported in the audited financial statements. The unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes, were $87.23 million and $106.32 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The unrealized losses occurred as a result of changes in interest rates, market spreads and market conditions subsequent to purchase. Additionally, we do not intend to sell these available-for-sale investment securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be the maturity dates of the securities.
Other Liquidity - Under Indiana law governing the collateralization of public fund deposits, the Indiana Board of Depositories determines which financial institutions are required to pledge collateral based on the strength of their financial ratings. We have been informed that no collateral is required for our public fund deposits. However, the Board of Depositories could alter this requirement in the future and adversely impact our liquidity. Our potential liquidity exposure if we must pledge collateral is approximately $1.36 billion.
Liquidity Risk Management - The Bank’s liquidity is monitored and closely managed by the Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO), whose members are comprised of the Bank’s senior management. Asset and liability management includes the management of interest rate sensitivity and the maintenance of an adequate liquidity position. The purpose of interest rate sensitivity management is to stabilize net interest income during periods of changing interest rates.
Liquidity management is the process by which the Bank ensures that adequate liquid funds are available to meet short-term and long-term financial commitments on a timely basis. Financial institutions must maintain liquidity to meet day-to-day requirements of depositors and borrowers, take advantage of market opportunities and provide a cushion against unforeseen needs.
Liquidity of the Bank is derived primarily from core deposits, principal payments received on loans, the sale and maturity of investment securities, net cash provided by operating activities, and access to other funding sources. The most stable source of liability-funded liquidity is deposit growth and retention of the core deposit base. The principal source of asset-funded liquidity is available-for-sale investment securities, cash and due from banks, overnight investments, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and loans and interest bearing deposits with other banks maturing within one year. Additionally, liquidity is provided by repurchase agreements, and the ability to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB).
The Bank’s liquidity strategy is guided by internal policies and the Interagency Policy Statement on Funding and Liquidity Risk Management. Internal guidelines consist of:
(i)Available Liquidity (sum of short term borrowing capacity) greater than $500 million;
(ii)Liquidity Ratio (total of net cash, short term investments and unpledged marketable assets divided by the sum of net deposits and short term liabilities) greater than 15%;
(iii)Dependency Ratio (net potentially volatile liabilities minus short term investments divided by total earning assets minus short term investments) less than 15%; and
(iv)Loans to Deposits Ratio less than 100%
At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the foregoing internal policies and regulatory guidelines.
The Bank also maintains a contingency funding plan that assesses the liquidity needs under various scenarios of market conditions, asset growth and credit rating downgrades. The plan includes liquidity stress testing which measures various sources and uses of funds under the different scenarios. The contingency plan provides for ongoing monitoring of unused borrowing capacity and available sources of contingent liquidity to prepare for unexpected liquidity needs and to cover unanticipated events that could affect liquidity.
We maintain prudent strategies to support a strong liquidity position. The following table represents our sources of liquidity as of December 31, 2024.
(Dollars in thousands) Available
Internal Sources
Unencumbered securities $ 1,177,201
External Sources
FHLB advances(1)
665,100
FRB borrowings(2)
404,573
Fed funds purchased(3)
410,000
Brokered deposits(4)
394,909
Listing services deposits(4)
446,039
Total liquidity $ 3,497,822
% of Total deposits net brokered and listing services certificates of deposit 51.96 %
(1) Availability is shown net of required stock purchases under the FHLB activity-based stock ownership requirement, which is currently 4.50%, and may vary
(2) Includes access to discount window and Bank Term Funding Program
(3) Availability contingent on correspondent bank approvals at time of borrowing
(4) Availability contingent on internal borrowing guidelines
External sources as listed in the table above are managed to approved guidelines by our Board of Directors. Total net available liquidity was $3.50 billion at December 31, 2024, which accounted for approximately 52% of total deposits net of brokered and listing services certificates of deposits.
Interest Rate Risk Management - ALCO monitors and manages the relationship of earning assets to interest bearing liabilities and the responsiveness of asset yields, interest expense, and interest margins to changes in market interest rates. In the normal course of business, we face ongoing interest rate risks and uncertainties. We may utilize interest rate swaps to partially manage the primary market exposures associated with the interest rate risk related to underlying assets, liabilities, and anticipated transactions.
A hypothetical change in net interest income was modeled by calculating an immediate 200 basis point (2.00%) and 100 basis point (1.00%) increase and a 100 basis point (1.00%) decrease in interest rates across all maturities. The following table shows the aggregate hypothetical impact to pre-tax net interest income.
Percentage Change in Net Interest Income
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Basis Point Interest Rate Change 12 Months 24 Months 12 Months 24 Months
Up 200 (2.19)% 2.79% (1.40)% 3.01%
Up 100 (1.11)% 1.35% (0.66)% 1.52%
Down 100 0.89% (2.10)% (0.18)% (2.42)%
The earnings simulation model excludes the earnings dynamics related to how fee income and noninterest expense may be affected by changes in interest rates. Actual results may differ materially from those projected. The use of this methodology to quantify the market risk of the balance sheet should not be construed as an endorsement of its accuracy or the accuracy of the related assumptions.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the impact of these hypothetical fluctuations in interest rates on our derivative holdings was not significant, and, as such, separate disclosure is not presented. We manage the interest rate risk related to mortgage loan commitments by entering into contracts for future delivery of loans with outside parties. See Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations - In the ordinary course of operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include customer deposits, the funding of operations through debt issuances as well as operating leases for the rent of premises and equipment. Additionally, we routinely enter into contracts for services that may require payment to be provided in the future and may contain penalty clauses for early termination of the contract. Further discussion of commitments and contractual obligations is included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes 10, 11, 12 and 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
We also enter into derivative contracts under which we are required to either receive cash from, or pay cash to, counterparties depending on changes in interest rates. Derivative contracts are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with the fair value representing the net present value of expected future cash receipts or payments based on market interest rates as of the balance sheet date. The fair value of the contracts changes daily as market interest rates change. Further discussion of derivative contracts is included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Assets under management and assets under custody are held in fiduciary or custodial capacity for our clients. In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, these assets are not included on our balance sheet.
We are also party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our clients. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Further discussion of these commitments is included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
For information regarding Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, see Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Interest Rate Risk Management.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
Reports of Forvis Mazars, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Forvis Mazars, LLP, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Auditor Firm ID: 686)
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders, Board of Directors and Audit, Finance, and Risk Committee
1st Source Corporation
South Bend, Indiana
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of 1st Source Corporation (Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 18, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses - Qualitative Factors
Description of the Critical Audit Matter
As presented in Note 5 to the financial statements, the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) was $155.5 million at December 31, 2024. As described in Note 1 to the financial statements, the ALLL is an estimate of current expected credit losses in the loan and lease portfolio. The determination of the ALLL requires significant judgment reflecting the Company’s estimate of expected future losses for the loan’s entire contractual term adjusted for expected payments when appropriate.
The Company categorizes its loan portfolios into nine segments based on similar risk characteristics. Loans within each segment are collectively evaluated using either: 1) a cohort cumulative loss rate methodology (“cohort”) or, 2) the probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) methodology (PD/LGD). For both the cohort and the PD/LGD methodologies, the Company uses qualitative adjustments to capture differences that may exist between the current and historical conditions. Qualitative factors include but are not limited to current market risk assessment by industry, recent loss experience in particular
segments of the portfolios, movement in equipment values collateralizing specialized industry portfolios, concentrations of credit risk, delinquencies, trends in volume, experience and depth of relationship managers and division management, and the effects of changes in lending policies and practices, including changes in quality of the loan and lease origination, servicing, and risk management process.
We identified the qualitative factor adjustments included in the ALLL as a critical audit matter. The principal considerations for our determination included the high degree of judgment and subjectivity in auditing management’s estimation of qualitative factor adjustments, which requires significant judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
•Tested the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over the establishment of qualitative adjustments for current and expected conditions.
•Evaluated the current and expected qualitative adjustments, including assessing the basis for the adjustments and the reasonableness of the significant assumptions related to loan portfolio policies and underwriting, credit quality metrics, concentrations, as well as external market data including gross domestic product, unemployment rates, and housing market trends.
•Tested the completeness and accuracy and evaluated the relevance of the key data used as inputs to the qualitative adjustment estimation process, including relevant external market data, portfolio segment loan balances and other loan-specific data.
/s/ Forvis Mazars, LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.
Fort Wayne, Indiana
February 18, 2025
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders, Board of Directors and Audit, Finance, and Risk Committee
1st Source Corporation
South Bend, Indiana
Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited 1st Source Corporation’s (Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and our report dated February 18, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definitions and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of reliable financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Forvis Mazars, LLP
Fort Wayne, Indiana
February 18, 2025
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks $ 76,837 $ 77,474
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks 47,989 52,194
Investment securities available-for-sale
(amortized cost of $1,650,684 and $1,762,357 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)
1,536,299 1,622,600
Other investments 23,855 25,075
Mortgages held for sale 2,569 1,442
Loans and leases, net of unearned discount:
Commercial and agricultural 772,974 766,223
Renewable energy 487,266 399,708
Auto and light truck 948,435 966,912
Medium and heavy duty truck 289,623 311,947
Aircraft 1,123,797 1,078,172
Construction equipment 1,203,912 1,084,752
Commercial real estate 1,215,265 1,129,861
Residential real estate and home equity 680,071 637,973
Consumer 133,465 142,957
Total loans and leases 6,854,808 6,518,505
Allowance for loan and lease losses (155,540) (147,552)
Net loans and leases 6,699,268 6,370,953
Equipment owned under operating leases, net 11,483 20,366
Premises and equipment, net 53,456 46,159
Goodwill and intangible assets 83,897 83,916
Accrued income and other assets 396,285 427,779
Total assets $ 8,931,938 $ 8,727,958
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 1,639,101 $ 1,655,728
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand 2,544,839 2,430,833
Savings 1,256,370 1,213,334
Time 1,789,725 1,738,686
Total interest-bearing deposits 5,590,934 5,382,853
Total deposits 7,230,035 7,038,581
Short-term borrowings:
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 72,346 55,809
Other short-term borrowings 176,852 256,550
Total short-term borrowings 249,198 312,359
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 39,156 47,911
Subordinated notes 58,764 58,764
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 173,279 202,080
Total liabilities 7,750,432 7,659,695
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock; no par value
Authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding
- -
Common stock; no par value
Authorized 40,000,000 shares; issued 28,205,674 shares at December 31, 2024 and 2023
436,538 436,538
Retained earnings 890,937 789,842
Cost of common stock in treasury (3,685,512 shares at December 31, 2024 and 3,771,070 shares at December 31, 2023)
(129,175) (130,489)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (87,232) (106,323)
Total shareholders’ equity 1,111,068 989,568
Noncontrolling interests 70,438 78,695
Total equity 1,181,506 1,068,263
Total liabilities and equity $ 8,931,938 $ 8,727,958
The accompanying notes are a part of the consolidated financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
2024 2023 2022
Interest income:
Loans and leases $ 451,329 $ 387,298 $ 263,894
Investment securities, taxable 25,720 24,501 26,294
Investment securities, tax-exempt 1,043 1,445 1,049
Other 5,925 3,663 2,579
Total interest income 484,017 416,907 293,816
Interest expense:
Deposits 166,842 123,162 25,231
Short-term borrowings 8,976 7,032 1,497
Subordinated notes 4,217 4,174 3,550
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 3,165 3,892 69
Total interest expense 183,200 138,260 30,347
Net interest income 300,817 278,647 263,469
Provision for credit losses 12,466 5,866 13,245
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 288,351 272,781 250,224
Noninterest income:
Trust and wealth advisory 26,709 23,706 23,107
Service charges on deposit accounts 12,877 12,749 12,146
Debit card 17,785 17,980 18,052
Mortgage banking 4,210 3,471 4,122
Insurance commissions 6,730 6,911 6,703
Equipment rental 5,171 8,837 12,274
Losses on investment securities available-for-sale (3,889) (2,926) (184)
Other 16,714 19,895 15,042
Total noninterest income 86,307 90,623 91,262
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits 121,909 115,612 105,110
Net occupancy 11,939 11,090 10,728
Furniture and equipment 5,612 5,653 5,448
Data processing 27,567 25,055 22,375
Depreciation - leased equipment 4,073 7,093 10,023
Professional fees 7,098 6,705 7,280
FDIC and other insurance 6,142 5,926 3,625
Business development and marketing 6,876 7,157 5,823
Other 12,385 17,433 14,287
Total noninterest expense 203,601 201,724 184,699
Income before income taxes 171,057 161,680 156,787
Income tax expense 38,439 36,746 36,255
Net income 132,618 124,934 120,532
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 5 (7) (23)
Net income available to common shareholders $ 132,623 $ 124,927 $ 120,509
Basic net income per common share $ 5.36 $ 5.03 $ 4.84
Diluted net income per common share $ 5.36 $ 5.03 $ 4.84
The accompanying notes are a part of the consolidated financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Net income $ 132,618 $ 124,934 $ 120,532
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investment securities available-for-sale 21,483 51,360 (181,237)
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses included in net income 3,889 2,926 184
Income tax effect (6,281) (12,919) 43,224
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 19,091 41,367 (137,829)
Comprehensive income (loss) 151,709 166,301 (17,297)
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 5 (7) (23)
Comprehensive income (loss) available to common shareholders $ 151,714 $ 166,294 $ (17,320)
The accompanying notes are a part of the consolidated financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
1st Source Corporation Shareholders
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Preferred Stock Common Stock Retained Earnings Cost of Common Stock in Treasury Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net Total Shareholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022 $ - $ 436,538 $ 603,787 $ (114,209) $ (9,861) $ 916,255 $ 53,209 $ 969,464
Net income - - 120,509 - - 120,509 23 120,532
Other comprehensive loss - - - - (137,829) (137,829) - (137,829)
Issuance of 72,593 common shares under
stock based compensation awards
- - 1,762 1,403 - 3,165 - 3,165
Cost of 149,819 shares of common stock
acquired for treasury
- - - (6,836) - (6,836) - (6,836)
Common stock dividend ($1.26 per share)
- - (31,196) - - (31,196) - (31,196)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests - - - - - - 7,700 7,700
Distributions to noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (1,234) (1,234)
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ - $ 436,538 $ 694,862 $ (119,642) $ (147,690) $ 864,068 $ 59,698 $ 923,766
Net income - - 124,927 - - 124,927 7 124,934
Other comprehensive income - - - - 41,367 41,367 - 41,367
Issuance of 82,840 common shares under
stock based compensation awards
- - 2,184 1,622 - 3,806 - 3,806
Cost of 310,522 shares of common stock
acquired for treasury
- - - (12,469) - (12,469) - (12,469)
Common stock dividend ($1.30 per share)
- - (32,131) - - (32,131) - (32,131)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests - - - - - - 20,343 20,343
Distributions to noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (1,353) (1,353)
Balance at December 31, 2023 $ - $ 436,538 $ 789,842 $ (130,489) $ (106,323) $ 989,568 $ 78,695 $ 1,068,263
Net income - - 132,623 - - 132,623 (5) 132,618
Other comprehensive income - - - - 19,091 19,091 - 19,091
Issuance of 88,555 common shares under
stock based compensation awards
- - 2,862 1,492 - 4,354 - 4,354
Cost of 2,997 shares of common stock
acquired for treasury
- - - (178) - (178) - (178)
Common stock dividend ($1.40 per share)
- - (34,390) - - (34,390) - (34,390)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (2,332) (2,332)
Liquidation of noncontrolling interests - - - - - - (5,920) (5,920)
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ - $ 436,538 $ 890,937 $ (129,175) $ (87,232) $ 1,111,068 $ 70,438 $ 1,181,506
The accompanying notes are a part of the consolidated financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Operating activities:
Net income $ 132,618 $ 124,934 $ 120,532
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses 12,466 5,866 13,245
Depreciation of premises and equipment 4,457 4,452 4,596
Depreciation of equipment owned and leased to others 4,073 7,093 10,023
Stock-based compensation 5,655 4,891 3,587
Amortization of investment securities premiums and accretion of discounts, net 1,709 3,939 3,951
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights 781 845 1,287
Amortization of right of use assets 3,050 3,073 3,181
Deferred income taxes 2,432 (9,462) (9,461)
Losses on investment securities available-for-sale 3,889 2,926 184
Originations of loans held for sale, net of principal collected (62,002) (43,665) (86,185)
Proceeds from the sales of loans held for sale 61,781 47,060 97,166
Net gains on sale of loans held for sale (906) (923) (1,611)
Net gains on sale of other real estate and repossessions (214) (123) (410)
Change in interest receivable (2,558) (5,485) (6,987)
Change in interest payable 6,974 23,521 4,115
Change in other assets (4,164) 4,089 413
Change in other liabilities 23,627 17,864 21,910
Other 185 (2,959) (4,006)
Net change in operating activities 193,853 187,936 175,530
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale 62,616 102,437 23,795
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of investment securities available-for-sale 368,190 145,006 206,426
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale (324,731) (47,494) (327,496)
Net change in partnership investments (34,404) (51,121) (18,292)
Net change in other investments 1,220 218 1,896
Loans sold or participated to others 119,678 49,603 57,473
Proceeds from principal payments on direct finance leases 68,806 71,044 58,654
Net change in loans and leases (534,763) (628,268) (784,355)
Net change in equipment owned under operating leases 4,810 4,241 6,710
Purchases of premises and equipment (12,367) (5,980) (2,380)
Proceeds from disposal of premises and equipment 613 142 49
Purchases of bank owned life insurance policies - - (10,000)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate and repossessions 3,727 1,886 2,648
Net change in investing activities (276,605) (358,286) (784,872)
Financing activities:
Net change in demand deposits and savings accounts 140,415 (487,911) (7,122)
Net change in time deposits 51,039 598,227 256,322
Net change in short-term borrowings (63,161) 96,830 15,502
Payments on long-term debt (12,630) (3,450) (25,530)
Stock issued under stock purchase plans 153 78 252
Acquisition of treasury stock (178) (12,469) (6,836)
Net (distributions to) contributions from noncontrolling interests (2,332) 18,990 6,466
Cash dividends paid on common stock (35,396) (33,074) (32,102)
Net change in financing activities 77,910 177,221 206,952
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (4,842) 6,871 (402,390)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 129,668 122,797 525,187
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 124,826 $ 129,668 $ 122,797
Supplemental Information:
Non-cash transactions:
Loans transferred to other real estate and repossessions $ 3,452 $ 2,038 $ 1,811
Common stock matching contribution to Employee Stock Ownership and Profit Sharing Plan 1,153 1,753 683
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligation 2,723 3,852 2,027
Liquidation of noncontrolling interests 5,920 - -
Purchases of mandatorily redeemable securities with common stock 739 - -
Cash paid for:
Interest $ 176,227 $ 114,739 $ 26,233
Income taxes 11,281 17,799 23,258
The accompanying notes are a part of the consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 - Accounting Policies
1st Source Corporation is a bank holding company headquartered in South Bend, Indiana that provides, through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “1st Source” or “the Company”), a broad array of financial products and services. 1st Source Bank (“Bank”), its banking subsidiary, offers commercial and consumer banking services, trust and wealth advisory services, and insurance to individual and business clients. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Basis of Presentation - The financial statements consolidate 1st Source, its subsidiaries (principally the Bank) and any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company has concluded it has significant involvement in and the ability to direct the activities that impact the entity’s economic performance. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. For purposes of the parent company only financial information presented in Note 23, investments in subsidiaries are carried at equity in the underlying net assets.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements - Financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) require the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Business Combinations - Business combinations are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Under the purchase method, assets and liabilities of the business acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition with any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Results of operations of the acquired business are included in the income statement from the date of acquisition.
Cash Flows - For purposes of the consolidated and parent company only statements of cash flows, the Company considers cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks with original maturities of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents.
Securities - Securities that the Company has the ability and positive intent to hold to maturity are classified as investment securities held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity investment securities, when present, are carried at amortized cost. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company held no securities classified as held-to-maturity. Securities that may be sold in response to, or in anticipation of, changes in interest rates and resulting prepayment risk, or for other factors, are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on debt securities are reported, net of applicable taxes, as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are reflected, net of applicable taxes, in earnings.
For available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of these criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value in Other Income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, nature of the security, the underlying collateral, and the financial condition of the issuer, among other factors. If this assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for available-for-sale securities losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for available-for-sale securities losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.
Changes in the allowance for available-for-sale securities are recorded as a component of credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance for available-for-sale securities losses when management believes the uncollectibility of an available-for-sale security is confirmed or when either criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.
Debt and equity securities that are purchased and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading account securities and are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings. Realized gains and losses on the sales of all securities are reported in earnings and computed using the specific identification cost basis.
Other investments consist of shares of Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (FHLBI) and Federal Reserve Bank stock. As restricted member stocks, these investments are carried at cost. Both cash and stock dividends received on the stocks are reported as income. Quarterly, the Company reviews its investment in FHLBI for impairment. Factors considered in determining impairment are: history of dividend payments; determination of cause for any net loss; adequacy of capital; and review of the most recent financial statements. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, it was determined that the Company’s investment in FHLBI stock is appropriately valued at cost, which equates to par value. In addition, other investments include interest bearing deposits with other banks with original maturities of greater than three months. These investments are in denominations, including accrued interest, that are fully insured by the FDIC.
Loans and Leases - Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs and net of unearned income. Interest income is accrued as earned based on unpaid principal balances. Origination fees and direct loan and lease origination costs are deferred, and the net amount amortized to interest income over the estimated life of the related loan or lease. Loan commitment fees are deferred and amortized into other income over the commitment period.
Direct financing leases are carried at the aggregate of lease payments plus estimated residual value of the leased property, net of unamortized deferred lease origination fees and costs and unearned income. Only those costs incurred as a direct result of closing a lease transaction are capitalized and all initial direct costs are expensed immediately. Interest income on direct financing leases is recognized over the term of the lease to achieve a constant periodic rate of return on the outstanding investment.
Accrued interest is included in Accrued Income and Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The accrual of interest on loans and leases is discontinued when a loan or lease becomes contractually delinquent for 90 days, or when an individual analysis of a borrower’s credit worthiness indicates a credit should be placed on nonperforming status, except for residential mortgage loans and consumer loans that are well secured and in the process of collection. Residential mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual at the time the loan is placed in foreclosure. When interest accruals are discontinued, interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and interest accrued in the prior year is charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. However, in some cases, the Company may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral is sufficient to cover the principal and accrued interest. When a loan or lease is classified as nonaccrual and the future collectability of the recorded loan or lease balance is doubtful, collections on interest and principal are applied as a reduction to principal outstanding. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, which is typically evidenced by a sustained repayment performance of at least six months.
Occasionally, the Company modifies loans and leases to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (typically denoted by internal credit quality graded “substandard” or worse) by providing term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, or interest rate reductions. In some cases, multiple modifications are made to the same loan or lease. These modifications typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities. If the Company determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance for loan and lease losses estimate or a charge-off to the allowance for loan and lease losses.
The Company sells mortgage loans to the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) in the normal course of business and retains the servicing rights. The GNMA programs under which the loans are sold allow the Company to repurchase individual delinquent loans that meet certain criteria from the securitized loan pool. At its option, and without GNMA’s prior authorization, the Company may repurchase a delinquent loan for an amount equal to 100% of the remaining principal balance on the loan. Once the Company has the unconditional ability to repurchase a delinquent loan, the Company is deemed to have regained effective control over the loan and the Company is required to recognize the loan on its balance sheet and record an offsetting liability, regardless of its intent to repurchase the loan. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, residential real estate portfolio loans included $1.85 million and $1.55 million, respectively, of loans available for repurchase under the GNMA optional repurchase programs with the offsetting liability recorded within Other Short-term Borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
Mortgage Banking Activities - Loans held for sale are composed of performing one-to-four family residential mortgage loans originated for resale. Mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell are carried at fair value.
The Company recognizes the rights to service mortgage loans for others as separate assets, whether the servicing rights are acquired through a separate purchase or through the sale of originated loans with servicing rights retained. The Company allocates a portion of the total proceeds of a mortgage loan to servicing rights based on the relative fair value. These assets are amortized as reductions of mortgage servicing fee income over the estimated servicing period in proportion to the estimated servicing income to be received. The balance of MSRs is located in Accrued Income and Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and the gains and losses on the sale of MSRs are recognized in Noninterest Income on the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period in which such rights are sold.
MSRs are evaluated for impairment at each reporting date. For purposes of impairment measurement, MSRs are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. If temporary impairment exists within a tranche, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. If it is later determined all or a portion of the temporary impairment no longer exists for a particular tranche, the valuation allowance is reduced through a recovery of income.
MSRs are also reviewed for permanent impairment. Permanent impairment exists when recoverability of a recorded valuation allowance is determined to be remote considering historical and projected interest rates, prepayments, and loan pay-off activity. When this situation occurs, the unrecoverable portion of the valuation allowance is applied as a direct write-down to the carrying value of the MSRs. Unlike a valuation allowance, a direct write-down permanently reduces the carrying value of the MSRs and the valuation allowance, precluding subsequent recoveries.
As part of mortgage banking operations, the Company enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on these loans is determined prior to funding (“rate lock commitments”). Similar to loans held for sale, the fair value of rate lock commitments is subject to change primarily due to changes in interest rates. Under the Company’s risk management policy, these fair values are hedged primarily by selling forward contracts on agency securities at the time the interest rate locks are issued to the customers. The rate lock commitments on mortgage loans intended to be sold and the related hedging instruments are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in current earnings.
Transfers of Financial Assets - Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been legally isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets.
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Loans and leases - Accrued interest on loans and leases is excluded from the calculation of the allowance for credit losses due to the Company’s charge-off policy to reverse accrued interest on nonperforming loans against interest income in a timely manner. Expected credit losses on net investments in leases, including any unguaranteed residual asset, are included in the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses - The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan and lease portfolio. It is the Company’s policy to maintain the allowance at a level believed to be adequate to absorb estimated credit losses within its portfolio of loans and leases. The determination of the allowance requires significant judgment to estimate credit losses measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist, and for loans evaluated individually. In determining the allowance, the Company estimates expected future losses for the loan’s entire contractual term adjusted for expected payments when appropriate. The allowance estimate considers relevant available information, from internal and external sources relating to the historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the Company’s outstanding loan and lease balances. The allowance is an estimation that reflects management’s evaluation of expected losses related to the Company’s financial assets measured at amortized cost. To ensure that the allowance is maintained at an adequate level, a detailed analysis is performed on a quarterly basis and an appropriate provision is made to adjust the allowance.
The Company categorizes its loan portfolios into nine segments based on similar risk characteristics. Loans within each segment are collectively evaluated using either: 1) a cohort cumulative loss rate methodology (“cohort”) or, 2) the probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) methodology (PD/LGD).
The cohort methodology is applied to ungraded portfolios, portfolios where receipt of financial statements is generally less timely, and portfolios where there are numerous small dollar accounts that are credit scored. Loans are broken out by internal risk rating (loan grade) bands: 1-6 and 7-12 (special attention). For ungraded portfolios, there is only one pool. The cohort methodology has a steady state assumption; qualitative adjustments capture any differences that may exist between the current and historical conditions.
The PD/LGD methodology is applied to graded portfolios due to the quantitative nature of the Company’s risk rating system and is consistent with the Company’s definition of risk, downgrading a credit where and when appropriate and recognizing losses in a timely manner. Loans are broken out by risk rating (loan grade) bands: 1-3, 4-6, 7-8, and 9-12. The amortized cost loan balances (rather than counts) are used for determining the transition and default probabilities. The Company uses risk rating bands as the active state to track the movement of loans through the transition matrix. The transition frequency is quarterly. Default is defined as the point at which a loan is placed on non-accrual status. In addition, a charge-off is assumed to be a default (i.e. a loan goes from accruing to charge-off, without ever being on non-accrual status). The PD is the cumulative probability of default estimated by use of a transition matrix (based on a Markov transition matrix methodology) which captures the migration of a loan from one risk rating band to another. The LGD is the ratio of loss relative to the exposure (amortized cost) at default.
The current expected credit loss methodology has a factor for reasonable and supportable forecasts. Generally, reasonable and supportable forecasts are for two years or less and have a reversion period of a similar duration, reverting expected credit losses to a level that is consistent with our historical loss experience. Forecast adjustments are added via basis points for the cohort methodology. For the PD/LGD methodology, adjustments to the probability of default factor are applied through forecast adjustments to the PD factor used as the baseline transition matrix runout, thus impacting the historical loss ratio. The Company developed its reasonable and supportable forecasts using relevant data including, but not limited to, growth in gross domestic product, unemployment rates, housing market trends, commodity prices, inflation, and other factors associated with credit losses on the financial statements.
For both the cohort and the PD/LGD methodologies, the Company uses qualitative adjustments to capture differences that may exist between the current and historical conditions. Qualitative factors include but are not limited to current market risk assessment by industry, recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolios, movement in equipment values collateralizing specialized industry portfolios, concentrations of credit risk, delinquencies, trends in volume, experience and depth of relationship managers and division management, and the effects of changes in lending policies and practices, including changes in quality of the loan and lease origination, servicing and risk management process.
Loans which exhibit different risk characteristics than the pool are evaluated individually for potential credit deterioration. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the collective evaluation. These loans can be identified from a variety of sources including delinquency, non-accrual status, and complex or unusual transactions. The scope may include accruing loans that exhibit risk characteristics which differ from their pool or non-performing loans with risk characteristics not similar to other special attention loans in their pool. Individual reserves are determined based on an analysis of the loan’s expected future cash flows, the loan’s observable market value, or the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. When foreclosure is probable, credit deterioration is determined based on the collateral’s fair value less costs to sell. As a practical expedient, fair value less costs to sell may be used when developing the estimate of credit losses. Similarly, for a going concern analysis, a discounted cash method may be used.
Liability for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments - The liability for credit losses on commitments to originate loans and standby letters of credit is included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation unless the obligation is unconditionally cancelable by the Company. The liability for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments is adjusted in the Provision for Credit Losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated useful life. Because business processes and credit risks associated with unfunded credit commitments are essentially the same as for loans, the Company utilizes similar processes to estimate its liability for unfunded credit commitments.
Equipment Owned Under Operating Leases - As a lessor, the Company finances various types of construction equipment, medium and heavy duty trucks, automobiles and other equipment under leases classified as operating leases. The equipment underlying the operating leases is reported at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. These operating lease arrangements require the lessee to make a fixed monthly rental payment over a specified lease term generally ranging from three years to seven years. Revenue consists of the contractual lease payments and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and reported in Noninterest Income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Leased assets are depreciated on a straight-line method over the lease term to the estimate of the equipment’s fair market value at lease termination, also referred to as “residual” value. The depreciation of these operating lease assets is reported in Noninterest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For automobile leases, fair value is based upon published industry market guides. For other equipment leases, fair value may be based upon observable market prices, third-party valuations, or prices received on sales of similar assets at the end of the lease term. These residual values are reviewed annually to ensure the recorded amount does not exceed the fair market value at the lease termination. At the end of the lease, the operating lease asset is either purchased by the lessee or returned to the Company. The Company is responsible for the payment of personal property taxes which is reported in Other Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The lessee is responsible for reimbursing the Company for personal property taxes which is reported in Other Income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company excludes sales taxes and other similar taxes from being reported as lease revenue with an associated expense.
Lease Commitments - The Company leases certain banking center locations, office space, land and billboards. In determining whether a contract contains a lease, the Company examines the contract to ensure an asset was specifically identified and that the Company has control of use over the asset. To determine whether a lease is classified as operating or finance, the Company performs an economic life test on all building leases with greater than a twenty years term. Further, the Company performs a fair value test to identify any leases that have a present value of future lease payments over the lease term that is greater than 90% of the fair value of the building. The Company only capitalizes leases with an initial lease liability of $2,000 or greater.
At lease inception, the Company determines the lease term by adding together the minimum lease term and all optional renewal periods that it is reasonably certain to renew. The Company determines this on each lease by considering all relevant contract-based, asset-based, market-based, and entity-based economic factors. Generally, the exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. The lease term is used to determine whether a lease is operating or finance and is used to calculate straight-line rent expense. Additionally, the depreciable life of leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term.
Operating lease rentals are expensed on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease beginning on the date the Company takes possession of the property. Rent expense and variable lease costs are included in Net Occupancy Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Included in variable lease costs are leases with rent escalations based on recent financial indices, such as the Consumer Price Index, where the Company initially measures lease payments using the index on the commencement date and records future changes in rent payments resulting from changes in the index to variable costs in the period the changes occur. Certain leases require the Company to pay common area maintenance, real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses associated with the leases premises. These expenses are classified in Net Occupancy Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income, consistent with similar costs for owned locations. There are no residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants imposed by leases.
The Company accounts for lease and nonlease components together as a single lease component by class of underlying asset. Operating lease obligations with an initial term longer than 12 months are recorded with a right of use asset and a lease liability on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The discount rate used in determining the lease liability and related right of use asset is based upon what would be obtained by the Company for similar loans as an incremental rate as of the date of origination or renewal.
Other Real Estate - Other real estate acquired through partial or total satisfaction of nonperforming loans is included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and recorded at fair value less anticipated selling costs based upon the property’s appraised value at the date of transfer, with any difference between the fair value of the property less cost to sell, and the carrying value of the loan charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses or other income, if a positive adjustment. Subsequent fair value write-downs or write-ups, to the extent of previous write-downs, property maintenance costs, and gains or losses recognized upon the sale of other real estate are recognized in Noninterest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Gains or losses resulting from the sale of other real estate are recognized on the date of sale. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, other real estate had carrying values of $0.46 million and $0.00 million, respectively, and is included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Repossessed Assets - Repossessed assets may include fixtures and equipment, inventory and receivables, aircraft, construction equipment, and vehicles acquired from business banking and specialty finance activities. Repossessed assets are included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value of the equipment or vehicle less estimated selling costs. At the time of repossession, the recorded amount of the loan or lease is written down to the fair value of the equipment or vehicle by a charge to the allowance for loan and lease losses or other income, if a positive adjustment. Subsequent fair value write-downs or write-ups, to the extent of previous write-downs, equipment maintenance costs, and gains or losses recognized upon the sale of repossessions are recognized in Noninterest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Gains or losses resulting from the sale of repossessed assets are recognized on the date of sale. Repossessed assets totaled $0.16 million and $0.71 million, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Premises and Equipment - Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The provision for depreciation is computed by the straight-line method, primarily with useful lives ranging from three years to 31.5 years. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while improvements, which extend the useful life, are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated remaining life.
Goodwill and Intangibles - Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that also lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset, or liability. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the carrying amount. Goodwill is allocated into two reporting units. Fair value for each reporting unit is estimated using stock price multiples or earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) multiples. Intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment testing. All of the Company’s other intangible assets have finite lives and are amortized on a straight-line basis over varying periods not exceeding twenty-five years. The Company performed the required annual impairment test of goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2024 and determined that no impairment exists.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance (BOLI) - The Company maintains BOLI on certain executives. BOLI balances are recorded at their cash surrender values and are included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Changes in the cash surrender values are included in Other Noninterest Income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, BOLI totaled $86.40 million and $84.41 million, respectively.
Partnership Investments - The Company accounts for its investments in partnerships for which it owns less than fifty percent and has the ability to exercise significant influence over the partnership on the equity method. The Company accounts for its investments in partnerships for which it does not have the ability to exercise significant influence at fair value less impairment, if any, or cost less any impairment if the fair value is not readily determinable. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient to estimate fair value of an investment in an investment company using the net asset value of its partnership interest. The Company uses the hypothetical liquidation book value (HLBV) method for equity investments when the liquidation rights and priorities as defined by an equity investment agreement differ from what is reflected by the underlying percentage ownership interests. The HLBV method is commonly applied to equity investments in the renewable energy industry, where the economic benefits corresponding to an equity investment may vary at different points in time and/or are not directly linked to an investor’s ownership percentage. A calculation is prepared at each balance sheet date to determine the amount that the Company would receive if an equity investment entity were to liquidate all of its assets (as valued in accordance with GAAP) and distribute that cash to the investors based on the contractually defined liquidation priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions, is 1st Source’s share of the earnings or losses from the equity investment for the period. Investments in partnerships are included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $140.24 million and $166.60 million, respectively.
Short-Term Borrowings - Short-term borrowings consist of Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, commercial paper, Federal Home Loan Bank advances, borrowings from the Federal Reserve, and borrowings from non-affiliated banks. Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings mature within one day to 365 days of the transaction date. Commercial paper matures within seven days to 270 days. Other short-term borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition include the Company’s liability related to mortgage loans available for repurchase under GNMA optional repurchase programs.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were acquired or sold plus accrued interest. The fair value of collateral either received from or provided to a third-party is continually monitored and additional collateral obtained or requested to be returned to the Company as deemed appropriate.
Revenue Recognition - The Company recognizes revenues as they are earned based on contractual terms, as transactions occur, or as services are provided and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company’s principal source of revenue is interest income from loans and leases and investment securities. The Company also earns noninterest income from various banking and financial services offered primarily through 1st Source Bank and its subsidiaries.
Interest Income - The largest source of revenue for the Company is interest income which is primarily recognized on an accrual basis according to nondiscretionary formulas in written contracts, such as loan and lease agreements or investment securities contracts.
Noninterest Income - The Company earns noninterest income through a variety of financial and transaction services provided to corporate and consumer clients such as trust and wealth advisory, deposit account, debit card, mortgage banking, insurance, and equipment rental services. Revenue is recorded for noninterest income based on the contractual terms for the service or transaction performed. In certain circumstances, noninterest income is reported net of associated expenses.
Trust and Wealth Advisory Fees - Trust and wealth advisory fees are recognized on the accrual basis.
Income Taxes - 1st Source and its subsidiaries file a consolidated Federal income tax return. The provision for income taxes is based upon income in the consolidated financial statements, rather than amounts reported on the income tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, the Company believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.
The Company uses the deferral method of accounting on investments that generate investment tax credits. Under this method, the investment tax credits are recognized as a reduction to the related asset. The expense on certain qualified affordable housing investments is included in Income Tax Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Positions taken in the tax returns may be subject to challenge by the taxing authorities upon examination. Uncertain tax positions are initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are both initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. The Company provides for interest and, in some cases, penalties on tax positions that may be challenged by the taxing authorities. Interest expense is recognized beginning in the first period that such interest would begin accruing. Penalties are recognized in the period that the Company claims the position in the tax return. Interest and penalties on income tax uncertainties are classified within Income Tax Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Treasury Stock - Common shares repurchased are recorded at cost. Cost of shares retired or reissued is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
Net Income Per Common Share - Earnings per share is computed using the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, excluding participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by using the weighted-average number of shares determined for the basic earnings per share calculation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasure stock method.
Stock-Based Employee Compensation - The Company recognizes stock-based compensation as compensation cost on the Consolidated Statements of Income based on their fair values on the measurement date, which, for its purposes, is the date of grant. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
Segment Information - 1st Source has one principal business segment, commercial banking. While our chief decision makers monitor the revenue streams of various products and services, the identifiable segments’ operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a company-wide basis. Accordingly, all of the Company’s financial service operations are considered to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. See Note 22 for additional information on segment information.
Derivative Financial Instruments - The Company occasionally enters into derivative financial instruments as part of its interest rate risk management strategies. These derivative financial instruments consist primarily of interest rate swaps. All derivative instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, as either an asset or liability, at their fair value. The accounting for the gain or loss resulting from the change in fair value depends on the intended use of the derivative. For a derivative used to hedge changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability, or an unrecognized firm commitment, the gain or loss on the derivative will be recognized in earnings together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. This results in an earnings impact only to the extent that the hedge is ineffective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value. If it is determined that the derivative instrument is not highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued and the adjustment to fair value of the derivative instrument is recorded in earnings. For a derivative used to hedge changes in cash flows associated with forecasted transactions, the gain or loss on the effective portion of the derivative will be deferred, and reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders’ equity, until such time the hedged transaction affects earnings. For derivative instruments not accounted for as hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in noninterest income/expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Deferred gains and losses from derivatives that are terminated and were in a cash flow hedge are amortized over the shorter of the original remaining term of the derivative or the remaining life of the underlying asset or liability.
Fair Value Measurements - The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Securities available for sale, mortgage loans held for sale, and derivative instruments are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurements are also utilized to determine the initial value of certain assets and liabilities, to perform impairment assessments, and for disclosure purposes. The Company uses quoted market prices and observable inputs to the maximum extent possible when measuring fair value. In the absence of quoted market prices, various valuation techniques are utilized to measure fair value. When possible, observable market data for identical or similar financial instruments are used in the valuation. When market data is not available, fair value is determined using valuation models that incorporate management’s estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Fair value measurements are classified within one of three levels based on the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:
Level 1 - The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
Level 2 - The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3 - The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by minimal or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation.
Reclassifications - Certain amounts in the prior periods consolidation financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on total assets, shareholders’ equity or net income as previously reported.
Note 2 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Debt: In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2024-04 “Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversion of Convertible Debt Issuances.” These amendments clarify the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments, including convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features or convertible debt instruments that are not currently convertible, should be accounted for as an induced conversion. This guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period. The Company is assessing ASU 2024-04 and its impact on its accounting and disclosures.
Income Statement: In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 “Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” These amendments require public companies to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. Specifically, they will be required to:
• Disclose the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory; (b) employee compensation; (c) depreciation; (d) intangible asset amortization; and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption.
• Include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements.
• Disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively.
• Disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses.
In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01 clarifying the effective date for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing ASU 2024-03 and its impact on its accounting and disclosures.
Income Taxes: In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” Among other things, these amendments require that public business entities on an annual basis (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income (loss) by the applicable statutory income tax rate.) The amendments also require that all entities disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid: (1) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and (2) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received.) This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is assessing ASU 2023-09 and its impact on its disclosures.
Segment Reporting: In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” These amendments require, among other things, that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 208. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2024 and it did not have a material impact on its accounting and disclosures.
Note 3 - Investment Securities Available-For-Sale
The following table shows investment securities available-for-sale.
(Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 786,417 $ 24 $ (28,692) $ 757,749
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities 86,305 33 (3,706) 82,632
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies 777,962 192 (82,236) 695,918
Corporate debt securities - - - -
Foreign government securities - - - -
Total investment securities available-for-sale $ 1,650,684 $ 249 $ (114,634) $ 1,536,299
December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 979,530 $ 178 $ (56,842) $ 922,866
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities 97,522 508 (5,466) 92,564
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies 676,257 476 (78,481) 598,252
Corporate debt securities 8,448 - (119) 8,329
Foreign government securities 600 - (11) 589
Total investment securities available-for-sale $ 1,762,357 $ 1,162 $ (140,919) $ 1,622,600
Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable which is included in Accrued Income and Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, accrued interest receivable on investment securities available for sale was $4.68 million and $4.60 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2024, the residential mortgage-backed securities held by the Company consisted primarily of GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC pass-through certificates which are guaranteed by those respective agencies of the United States government (Government Sponsored Enterprise, GSEs).
The Company did not hold any marketable equity securities at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The following table shows the contractual maturities of investments in debt securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2024. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities, because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
(Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value
Due in one year or less $ 253,351 $ 248,772
Due after one year through five years 550,751 523,993
Due after five years through ten years 52,645 52,076
Due after ten years 15,975 15,540
Mortgage-backed securities 777,962 695,918
Total debt securities available-for-sale $ 1,650,684 $ 1,536,299
The following table summarizes gross unrealized losses and fair value by investment category and age. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio consisted of 625 securities, 589 of which were in an unrealized loss position.
Less than 12 Months 12 months or Longer Total
(Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 103,621 $ (1,324) $ 644,614 $ (27,368) $ 748,235 $ (28,692)
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities 37,017 (670) 39,280 (3,036) 76,297 (3,706)
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies 191,779 (3,355) 466,204 (78,881) 657,983 (82,236)
Corporate debt securities - - - - - -
Foreign government securities - - - - - -
Total debt securities available-for-sale $ 332,417 $ (5,349) $ 1,150,098 $ (109,285) $ 1,482,515 $ (114,634)
December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ - $ - $ 913,417 $ (56,842) $ 913,417 $ (56,842)
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities 1,251 (2) 69,747 (5,464) 70,998 (5,466)
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies 8,553 (98) 550,748 (78,383) 559,301 (78,481)
Corporate debt securities - - 8,329 (119) 8,329 (119)
Foreign government securities - - 589 (11) 589 (11)
Total debt securities available-for-sale $ 9,804 $ (100) $ 1,542,830 $ (140,819) $ 1,552,634 $ (140,919)
The Company does not consider available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2024 to be experiencing credit losses and recognized no resulting allowance for credit losses. The Company does not intend to sell these investments and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. The unrealized losses occurred as a result of changes in interest rates, market spreads and market conditions subsequent to purchase.
The following table shows the gross realized gains and losses from the available-for-sale debt securities portfolio. Realized gains and losses of all securities are computed using the specific identification cost basis.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022
Gross realized gains $ - $ 733 $ -
Gross realized losses (3,889) (3,659) (184)
Net realized (losses) gains $ (3,889) $ (2,926) $ (184)
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, investment securities with carrying values of $359.10 million and $411.38 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for security repurchase agreements and for other purposes.
Note 4 - Loan and Lease Financings
Total loans and leases outstanding were recorded net of unearned income and deferred loan fees and costs at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and totaled $6.85 billion and $6.52 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, net deferred loan and lease costs were $1.43 million and $1.65 million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $28.02 million and $25.35 million, respectively.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has extended loans to certain directors, executive officers, and principal shareholders of equity securities of 1st Source and to their affiliates. In the opinion of management, these loans are made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not related to the Company and did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability, or present other unfavorable features. The loans are consistent with sound banking practices and within applicable regulatory and lending limitations. The aggregate dollar amounts of these loans were $23.13 million and $7.74 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During 2024, $19.86 million of new loans and other additions were made and $4.47 million of repayments and other reductions occurred. During 2023, $8.51 million of new loans and other additions were made and $13.30 million of repayments and other reductions occurred.
The Company evaluates loans and leases, except residential real estate and home equity loans and consumer loans, for credit quality at least annually but more frequently if certain circumstances occur (such as material new information which becomes available and indicates a potential change in credit risk). The Company uses two methods to assess credit risk: loan or lease credit quality grades and credit risk classifications. The purpose of the loan or lease credit quality grade is to document the degree of risk associated with individual credits as well as inform management of the degree of risk in the portfolio taken as a whole. Credit risk classifications are used to categorize loans by degree of risk and to designate individual or committee approval authorities for higher risk credits at the time of origination. Credit risk classifications include categories for: Acceptable, Marginal, Special Attention, Special Risk, Restricted by Policy, Regulated and Prohibited by Law.
All loans and leases, except residential real estate and home equity loans and consumer loans, are assigned credit quality grades on a scale from 1 to 12 with grade 1 representing superior credit quality. The criteria used to assign grades to extensions of credit that exhibit potential problems or well-defined weaknesses are primarily based upon the degree of risk and the likelihood of orderly repayment, and their effect on the Company’s safety and soundness. Loans or leases graded 7 or weaker are considered “special attention” credits and, as such, relationships in excess of $250,000 are reviewed quarterly as part of management’s evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Grade 7 credits are defined as “watch” and contain greater than average credit risk and are monitored to limit the Company’s exposure to increased risk; grade 8 credits are “special mention” and, following regulatory guidelines, are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Credits that exhibit well-defined weaknesses and a distinct possibility of loss are considered ‘‘classified’’ and are graded 9 through 12 corresponding to the regulatory definitions of “substandard” (grades 9 and 10) and the more severe ‘‘doubtful’’ (grade 11) and ‘‘loss’’ (grade 12). For residential real estate and home equity and consumer loans, credit quality is based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity. Nonperforming loans are those loans which are on nonaccrual status or are 90 or more past due.
Below is a summary of the Company’s loan and lease portfolio segments and a discussion of the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment.
Commercial and agricultural - loans are to entities within the Company’s local market communities. Loans are for business or agri-business purposes and include working capital lines of credit secured by accounts receivable and inventory that are generally renewable annually and term loans secured by equipment with amortizations based on the expected life of the underlying collateral, generally three to seven years. These loans are typically further supported by personal guarantees. Commercial exposure is to a wide range of industries and services. Risks in this sector are also varied and are most impacted by general economic conditions. Risk mitigants include appropriate underwriting and monitoring and, when appropriate, government guarantees, including SBA and FSA.
Renewable energy - loans are for the purpose of financing primarily solar related projects and may include construction draw notes, operating loans, letters of credit and may entail a tax equity structure. Collateral in a multi-state area includes tangible assets of the borrower, assignment of intangible assets including power purchase agreements, and pledges of permits and licenses. Financing is provided to qualified borrowers throughout the continental United States with an emphasis on the region east of the Rocky Mountains.
Auto and light truck - loans are secured by vehicles and borrowers are nationwide. The portfolio consists of multiple industries: auto rental, auto leasing and a small specialty vehicle segment which the Company is largely exiting. Borrowers in the auto rental segment are primarily independent auto rental entities with on-airport and off-airport locations, and some insurance replacement business. Loan terms are relatively short, generally eighteen months, but up to four years. Auto leasing customers lease to businesses and the Company takes assignment of the lease stream and places its lien on the vehicles. Terms are generally longer than the auto rental sector, three to seven years and match the underlying leases. Risks include economic risks and collateral risks, principally used vehicle values.
Medium and heavy duty truck - loans and full-service truck leases are secured by heavy-duty trucks, commonly Class 8 trucks, and are generally personally guaranteed. In addition to economic risks, collateral risk is significant. Financing is generally at full cost, plus additional expenditures to get the vehicle operational, such as taxes, insurance and fees. It takes three to four years of debt amortization to reach an equity position in the collateral.
Aircraft - loans are to domestic and foreign borrowers with the domestic segment further divided into two pools: 1) personal and business use, and 2) dealers and operators. The Company’s focus for the foreign sector is Latin America, principally Mexico and Brazil. Loans are primarily secured by new and used business jets and helicopters, with appropriate advances, amortizations of ten to fifteen years, and are generally guaranteed by individuals. The most significant risk in the Aircraft portfolio is collateral risk - volatility in underlying values and maintenance concerns. The portfolio is subject to national and global economic risks.
Construction equipment - loans are to borrowers throughout the country secured by specific equipment. The borrowers include highway and road builders, asphalt producers and pavers, suppliers of aggregate products, site developers, frac sand operations, general construction equipment dealers and operators, and crane rental entities. Generally, loans include personal guarantees. The construction equipment industry is heavily dependent on the U.S. economy and the global economy. Market growth is reliant on investments from public and private sectors into urbanization and infrastructure projects.
Commercial real estate - loans are generally to entities within the local market communities served by the Company with advances generally within regulatory guidelines. Historically, the Company’s exposure to commercial real estate had been primarily to the less risky owner-occupied segment although growth in the non-owner-occupied segment of this portfolio has increased over the last several years. The non-owner-occupied segment includes hotels, apartment complexes and warehousing facilities. There is generally limited exposure to construction loans although at present, construction exposures are comparably higher than previous periods. Many commercial real estate loans carry personal guarantees. Additional risks in the commercial real estate portfolio include interest rate risk, geographical concentration in northern Indiana and southwest Michigan, and general economic conditions.
Residential real estate and home equity - loans predominantly include one-to-four family mortgages to borrowers in the Company’s local market communities and are appropriately underwritten and secured by residential real estate.
Consumer - loans are to individuals in the Company’s local markets and auto loans are generally secured by personal vehicles and appropriately underwritten.
The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, credit quality rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2024.
Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Commercial and agricultural
Grades 1-6 $ 136,888 $ 115,508 $ 66,696 $ 36,315 $ 19,677 $ 18,369 $ 331,282 $ - $ 724,735
Grades 7-12 438 4,079 7,769 2,426 194 2,325 31,008 - 48,239
Total commercial and agricultural 137,326 119,587 74,465 38,741 19,871 20,694 362,290 - 772,974
Current period gross charge-offs - 276 117 550 - - 8,882 - 9,825
Renewable energy
Grades 1-6 150,951 145,126 22,110 70,606 22,329 76,144 - - 487,266
Grades 7-12 - - - - - - - - -
Total renewable energy 150,951 145,126 22,110 70,606 22,329 76,144 - - 487,266
Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - -
Auto and light truck
Grades 1-6 443,033 276,295 106,199 25,535 10,018 6,677 - - 867,757
Grades 7-12 26,131 48,319 4,754 99 1,210 165 - - 80,678
Total auto and light truck 469,164 324,614 110,953 25,634 11,228 6,842 - - 948,435
Current period gross charge-offs - 165 448 6 - 111 - - 730
Medium and heavy duty truck
Grades 1-6 88,395 72,816 81,238 25,726 11,298 5,493 - - 284,966
Grades 7-12 - 1,524 1,623 690 - 13 - 807 4,657
Total medium and heavy duty truck 88,395 74,340 82,861 26,416 11,298 5,506 - 807 289,623
Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - -
Aircraft
Grades 1-6 347,099 190,776 285,677 151,194 82,208 32,326 7,773 - 1,097,053
Grades 7-12 2,882 7,704 10,920 1,846 3,392 - - - 26,744
Total aircraft 349,981 198,480 296,597 153,040 85,600 32,326 7,773 - 1,123,797
Current period gross charge-offs - - - 15 - 53 - - 68
Construction equipment
Grades 1-6 488,870 325,443 208,114 70,258 33,095 10,890 25,916 1,966 1,164,552
Grades 7-12 2,716 10,650 11,686 1,679 12,629 - - - 39,360
Total construction equipment 491,586 336,093 219,800 71,937 45,724 10,890 25,916 1,966 1,203,912
Current period gross charge-offs 46 989 390 267 - - - - 1,692
Commercial real estate
Grades 1-6 258,988 303,717 237,103 126,129 82,249 177,798 264 - 1,186,248
Grades 7-12 145 14,580 5,846 6,386 27 2,033 - - 29,017
Total commercial real estate 259,133 318,297 242,949 132,515 82,276 179,831 264 - 1,215,265
Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - -
Residential real estate and home equity
Performing 87,045 69,439 94,441 81,345 79,575 85,333 173,876 6,210 677,264
Nonperforming - 171 624 346 103 340 1,138 85 2,807
Total residential real estate and homeequity
87,045 69,610 95,065 81,691 79,678 85,673 175,014 6,295 680,071
Current period gross charge-offs - 3 - 32 - - 30 1 66
Consumer
Performing 43,692 33,063 28,594 10,092 2,398 983 13,823 - 132,645
Nonperforming 22 352 336 57 33 20 - - 820
Total consumer 43,714 33,415 28,930 10,149 2,431 1,003 13,823 - 133,465
Current period gross charge-offs $ 565 $ 230 $ 276 $ 118 $ 16 $ 22 $ 122 $ - $ 1,349
The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, credit quality rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2023.
Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total
Commercial and agricultural
Grades 1-6 $ 155,656 $ 124,717 $ 68,473 $ 39,708 $ 18,658 $ 15,856 $ 299,495 $ - $ 722,563
Grades 7-12 7,502 2,657 4,886 501 293 418 27,403 - 43,660
Total commercial and agricultural 163,158 127,374 73,359 40,209 18,951 16,274 326,898 - 766,223
Current period gross charge-offs 668 499 15 17 4 - 3,102 - 4,305
Renewable energy
Grades 1-6 177,364 23,679 86,836 29,138 56,935 25,756 - - 399,708
Grades 7-12 - - - - - - - - -
Total renewable energy 177,364 23,679 86,836 29,138 56,935 25,756 - - 399,708
Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - -
Auto and light truck
Grades 1-6 603,406 248,701 64,182 24,986 13,573 5,287 - - 960,135
Grades 7-12 908 1,848 474 2,490 632 425 - - 6,777
Total auto and light truck 604,314 250,549 64,656 27,476 14,205 5,712 - - 966,912
Current period gross charge-offs 126 360 128 33 19 63 - - 729
Medium and heavy duty truck
Grades 1-6 96,254 114,490 44,069 24,645 15,264 4,202 - - 298,924
Grades 7-12 3,565 7,010 1,675 - 773 - - - 13,023
Total medium and heavy duty truck 99,819 121,500 45,744 24,645 16,037 4,202 - - 311,947
Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - -
Aircraft
Grades 1-6 269,635 355,175 197,579 140,744 37,244 36,936 6,420 - 1,043,733
Grades 7-12 10,120 9,475 3,704 4,543 - 6,597 - - 34,439
Total aircraft 279,755 364,650 201,283 145,287 37,244 43,533 6,420 - 1,078,172
Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - - - - -
Construction equipment
Grades 1-6 459,884 333,008 131,838 64,998 29,543 7,803 26,044 2,346 1,055,464
Grades 7-12 6,915 20,826 1,037 510 - - - - 29,288
Total construction equipment 466,799 353,834 132,875 65,508 29,543 7,803 26,044 2,346 1,084,752
Current period gross charge-offs - 44 10 - - - - - 54
Commercial real estate
Grades 1-6 336,287 251,055 148,597 105,282 86,452 187,306 275 - 1,115,254
Grades 7-12 678 5,313 2,576 651 4,372 1,017 - - 14,607
Total commercial real estate 336,965 256,368 151,173 105,933 90,824 188,323 275 - 1,129,861
Current period gross charge-offs - 39 30 - 179 - - - 248
Residential real estate and home equity
Performing 87,767 110,058 89,458 88,232 30,681 72,211 152,037 5,575 636,019
Nonperforming - 107 74 - 414 756 536 67 1,954
Total residential real estate and homeequity
87,767 110,165 89,532 88,232 31,095 72,967 152,573 5,642 637,973
Current period gross charge-offs - - - - - 54 39 8 101
Consumer
Performing 53,023 47,789 19,739 6,286 2,539 1,021 12,063 - 142,460
Nonperforming 63 246 123 31 28 6 - - 497
Total consumer 53,086 48,035 19,862 6,317 2,567 1,027 12,063 - 142,957
Current period gross charge-offs $ 541 $ 455 $ 138 $ 28 $ 17 $ 3 $ 29 $ - $ 1,211
The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases, segregated by portfolio segment, with delinquency aging and nonaccrual status.
(Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Total Accruing Loans Nonaccrual Total Financing Receivables
December 31, 2024
Commercial and agricultural $ 767,942 $ 275 $ 42 $ - $ 768,259 $ 4,715 $ 772,974
Renewable energy 487,266 - - - 487,266 - 487,266
Auto and light truck 943,403 2,226 - - 945,629 2,806 948,435
Medium and heavy duty truck 289,623 - - - 289,623 - 289,623
Aircraft 1,123,797 - - - 1,123,797 - 1,123,797
Construction equipment 1,185,936 - - - 1,185,936 17,976 1,203,912
Commercial real estate 1,203,967 9,703 - - 1,213,670 1,595 1,215,265
Residential real estate and home equity 675,669 1,010 585 96 677,360 2,711 680,071
Consumer 131,585 852 208 10 132,655 810 133,465
Total $ 6,809,188 $ 14,066 $ 835 $ 106 $ 6,824,195 $ 30,613 $ 6,854,808
December 31, 2023
Commercial and agricultural $ 752,947 $ 9 $ - $ - $ 752,956 $ 13,267 $ 766,223
Renewable energy 399,708 - - - 399,708 - 399,708
Auto and light truck 962,226 20 - - 962,246 4,666 966,912
Medium and heavy duty truck 311,915 32 - - 311,947 - 311,947
Aircraft 1,069,830 8,113 229 - 1,078,172 - 1,078,172
Construction equipment 1,078,912 2,044 3,620 - 1,084,576 176 1,084,752
Commercial real estate 1,126,806 - 85 - 1,126,891 2,970 1,129,861
Residential real estate and home equity
634,345 1,623 51 142 636,161 1,812 637,973
Consumer 141,489 864 107 7 142,467 490 142,957
Total $ 6,478,178 $ 12,705 $ 4,092 $ 149 $ 6,495,124 $ 23,381 $ 6,518,505
Interest income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, would have increased by approximately $2.06 million, $1.47 million, and $2.68 million, respectively, if the nonaccrual loans and leases had earned interest at their full contract rate.
Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The following table shows the amortized cost of loans and leases over $250,000 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost of loans and leases that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost of each segment of financial receivable is also presented below.
(Dollars in thousands) Payment
Delay Term
Extension Interest
Rate
Reduction Combination
Payment Delay
and Term
Extension % of Total
Segment
Financing
Receivables
December 31, 2024
Commercial and agricultural $ 1,052 $ - $ - $ - 0.14 %
Auto and light truck - - - 40,150 4.23
Medium and heavy duty truck - - - 3,017 1.04
Commercial real estate 988 - - - 0.08
Total $ 2,040 $ - $ - $ 43,167 0.66 %
December 31, 2023
Commercial and agricultural $ 3,016 $ - $ - $ 1,537 0.59 %
Medium and heavy duty truck - - - 11,050 3.54
Construction equipment - 1,496 - - 0.14
Commercial real estate 288 - 426 - 0.06
Total $ 3,304 $ 1,496 $ 426 $ 12,587 0.27 %
There were $8.40 million and $2.27 million of commitments to lend additional amounts to the borrowers included in the previous table at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The Company closely monitors the performance of loans and leases that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table shows the performance of such loans and leases that have been modified during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59
Days
Past Due 60-89
Days
Past Due 90 Days or
More Past Due Total
Past Due
December 31, 2024
Commercial and agricultural $ 1,052 $ - $ - $ - $ -
Auto and light truck 39,664 - 486 - 486
Medium and heavy duty truck 3,017 - - - -
Commercial real estate 988 - - - -
Total $ 44,721 $ - $ 486 $ - $ 486
December 31, 2023
Commercial and agricultural $ 1,706 $ - $ - $ 2,847 $ 2,847
Medium and heavy duty truck 11,050 - - - $ -
Construction equipment 1,496 - - - $ -
Commercial real estate 426 288 - - $ 288
Total $ 14,678 $ 288 $ - $ 2,847 $ 3,135
The following table shows the financial effect of loan and lease modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Weighted-
Average
Interest Rate
Reduction Weighted-
Average
Term
Extension (in months) Weighted- Average Payment Delay (in months) Combination Weighted-Average Payment Delay and Term Extension (in months)
December 31, 2024
Commercial and agricultural - % 0 6 0
Auto and light truck - % 0 0 3
Medium and heavy duty truck - % 0 0 4
Commercial real estate - % 0 6 0
Total - % 0 6 3
December 31, 2023
Commercial and agricultural - % 3 6 30
Medium and heavy duty truck - % 0 0 6
Construction equipment - % 5 0 0
Commercial real estate 3.00 % 0 3 0
Total 3.00 % 4 6 10
There was one modified loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default and was modified within the twelve months prior to such default during each of the twelve month periods ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan or lease has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan or lease is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for loan and lease losses is adjusted by the same amount.
Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The methodology used to estimate the appropriate level of the allowance for loan and lease losses is described in Note 1, under the heading “Allowance for Credit Losses.” The allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31, 2024 and 2023, represents the Company’s current estimate of lifetime credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. The following table shows the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses, segregated by portfolio segment, for each of the three years ended December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) Commercial and agricultural Renewable energy Auto and light truck Medium
and
heavy duty truck Aircraft Construction equipment Commercial real estate Residential real estate and home equity Consumer Total
Balance, beginning of year $ 17,385 $ 6,610 $ 16,858 $ 8,965 $ 37,653 $ 26,510 $ 23,690 $ 7,698 $ 2,183 $ 147,552
Charge-offs 9,825 - 730 - 68 1,692 - 66 1,349 13,730
Recoveries 418 - 3,273 - 1,279 2,100 724 26 235 8,055
Net charge-offs (recoveries) 9,407 - (2,543) - (1,211) (408) (724) 40 1,114 5,675
Provision (recovery of provision) 13,338 1,952 (964) (1,673) (2,201) 1,340 407 318 1,146 13,663
Balance, end of year $ 21,316 $ 8,562 $ 18,437 $ 7,292 $ 36,663 $ 28,258 $ 24,821 $ 7,976 $ 2,215 $ 155,540
Balance, beginning of year $ 14,635 $ 7,217 $ 18,634 $ 7,566 $ 41,093 $ 24,039 $ 17,431 $ 6,478 $ 2,175 $ 139,268
Charge-offs 4,305 - 729 - - 54 248 101 1,211 6,648
Recoveries 243 - 5,591 12 967 1,656 11 334 252 9,066
Net charge-offs (recoveries) 4,062 - (4,862) (12) (967) (1,602) 237 (233) 959 (2,418)
Provision (recovery of provision) 6,812 (607) (6,638) 1,387 (4,407) 869 6,496 987 967 5,866
Balance, end of year $ 17,385 $ 6,610 $ 16,858 $ 8,965 $ 37,653 $ 26,510 $ 23,690 $ 7,698 $ 2,183 $ 147,552
Balance, beginning of year $ 15,409 $ 6,585 $ 19,624 $ 6,015 $ 33,628 $ 19,673 $ 19,691 $ 5,084 $ 1,783 $ 127,492
Charge-offs 625 - 118 - - 1,114 538 284 730 3,409
Recoveries 56 - 417 - 785 17 45 160 460 1,940
Net charge-offs (recoveries) 569 - (299) - (785) 1,097 493 124 270 1,469
Provision (recovery of provision) (205) 632 (1,289) 1,551 6,680 5,463 (1,767) 1,518 662 13,245
Balance, end of year $ 14,635 $ 7,217 $ 18,634 $ 7,566 $ 41,093 $ 24,039 $ 17,431 $ 6,478 $ 2,175 $ 139,268
The allowance for loan and lease losses increased year-over-year in 2024 as most portfolio segments experienced loan growth, and special attention balances, which are reserved at higher rates, also increased. The Company remains cautious on the forward-outlook and the forecast adjustment was little changed from the prior period, reflecting fragile growth expectations during the forecast period. Allowance increases were partially offset by declines in historical loss rates due to recovery activity in select portfolios and lower specific impairments as compared to the prior year-end.
Commercial and agricultural - allowance increased year-over-year due to modest loan growth, an increase in special attention balances which carry higher reserves, and higher loss rates within the portfolio.
Renewable energy - allowance increased primarily due to loan growth along with an increase in qualitative adjustments to address higher interest rate and maturity risk within the portfolio.
Auto and light truck - allowance increased due to higher special attention balances, which are reserved at higher rates, and an increase in qualitative adjustments to address increasing risk within the auto rental segment, partially offset by a slight decline in loan balances within the portfolio and recovery activity during the period.
Medium and heavy duty truck - allowance decreased due to lower loan balances within the portfolio. The industry remains challenged by overcapacity.
Aircraft - the allowance declined due to lower loss ratios from recovery activity primarily in the foreign aircraft segment during the period. Loan growth was modest and credit quality metrics remain stable. The Company carries a higher allowance in this portfolio due to historical risk volatility.
Construction equipment - allowance increase was primarily driven by strong loan growth during the year.
Commercial real estate - the allowance increase was due to loan growth across multiple segments. The Company continues to monitor construction risk and maturity repricing risk in the elevated interest rate environment.
Residential real estate and home equity - the allowance increased due to loan growth.
Consumer - the allowance showed minimal change as a qualitative adjustment for increased delinquency and nonperforming activity in the segment offset a decline in loan balances during the period.
Economic Outlook
As of December 31, 2024, the most significant economic factors impacting the Company’s loan portfolios was a fragile domestic growth outlook impacted by continued elevated inflation and high interest rates, along with various foreign conflicts and resultant geopolitical uncertainty. Consumer stressors are evident, and the Company remains concerned about small businesses prospects and their ability to absorb high interest rates and ever-increasing expenses. A few of the Company’s target industries are exhibiting signs of elevated risk including the auto rental, commercial and agricultural, and medium and heavy duty trucking segments. Tighter lending conditions and the current high-rate environment continue to impact commercial real estate activity. The forecast considers global and domestic impacts from these factors as well as other key economic factors such as changes in unemployment, commodity prices, and the housing market which may impact the Company’s clients. The Company maintains a cautious outlook for economic growth prospects in 2025 and 2026 with the expectation of an elevated interest rate environment and inflation slowly moving back towards the 2% Federal Reserve target rate resulting in an adverse impact on the loan and lease portfolio over the next two years.
As a result of geopolitical risk and economic uncertainty, the Company’s future loss estimates may vary considerably from the December 31, 2024 assumptions.
Liability for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments
The liability for credit losses inherent in unfunded loan commitments is included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table shows the changes in the liability for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments for each of the three years ended December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022
Balance, beginning of year $ 8,182 $ 5,616 $ 4,196
(Recovery of) provision (1,197) 2,566 1,420
Balance, end of year $ 6,985 $ 8,182 $ 5,616
Note 6 - Lease Investments
As a lessor, the Company’s loan and lease portfolio includes direct finance leases, which are included in Commercial and Agricultural, Renewable Energy, Auto and Light Truck, Medium and Heavy Duty Truck, Aircraft, and Construction Equipment on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company also finances various types of construction equipment, medium and heavy duty trucks, automobiles and other equipment under leases classified as operating leases, which are included in Equipment Owned Under Operating Leases, Net, on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The following table shows the components of the investment in direct finance and operating leases as of December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Direct finance leases:
Minimum lease payments $ 219,332 $ 247,256
Estimated unguaranteed residual values - -
Less: Unearned income (45,064) (57,927)
Net investment in direct finance leases $ 174,268 $ 189,329
Operating leases:
Gross investment in operating leases $ 23,752 $ 41,368
Accumulated depreciation (12,269) (21,002)
Net investment in operating leases $ 11,483 $ 20,366
The following table shows future minimum lease payments due from clients on direct finance and operating leases at December 31, 2024.
(Dollars in thousands) Direct
Finance Leases Operating Leases
2025 $ 56,371 $ 3,094
2026 41,695 1,836
2027 34,717 930
2028 30,447 388
2029 19,880 33
Thereafter 36,222 -
Total $ 219,332 $ 6,281
To mitigate the risk of loss, the Company seeks to diversify both the type of equipment leased and the industries in which the lessees participate. In addition, a portion of the Company’s leases are terminal rental adjustment clause or “TRAC” leases where the lessee effectively guarantees the full residual value through a rental adjustment at the end of term or those where partial value is guaranteed (“split-TRAC”), which has a limited residual risk. Under a split-TRAC structure, the limited residual risk would be satisfied first by the net sale proceeds of the leased asset. The lessee’s at-risk portion, or top risk, is satisfied last and is subject to repayment as additional rent, if the TRAC amount is not satisfied by the net sale proceeds. The carrying amount of residual assets covered by residual value guarantees was $30.57 million and $48.15 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The following table shows interest income recognized from direct finance lease payments and operating lease equipment rental income and related depreciation expense.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022
Direct finance leases:
Interest income on lease receivable $ 13,655 $ 13,553 $ 9,008
Operating leases:
Income related to lease payments $ 5,171 $ 8,837 $ 12,274
Depreciation expense 4,073 7,093 10,023
Income related to reimbursements from lessees for personal property tax on operating leased equipment for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $0.20 million, $0.27 million and $0.35 million, respectively. Expense related to personal property tax payments on operating leased equipment for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $0.20 million, $0.27 million and $0.35 million, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.00 million, $0.00 million, and $0.06 million, respectively. The impairment charges were recorded as a result of the annual review of operating lease residual values and was recognized in Depreciation - Leased Equipment on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Note 7 - Premises and Equipment
The following table shows premises and equipment as of December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Land $ 16,427 $ 15,729
Buildings and improvements 71,325 65,526
Furniture and equipment 43,312 41,897
Total premises and equipment 131,064 123,152
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (77,608) (76,993)
Net premises and equipment $ 53,456 $ 46,159
Depreciation and amortization of properties and equipment totaled $4.46 million in 2024, $4.45 million in 2023, and $4.60 million in 2022.
Note 8 - Mortgage Servicing Rights
The unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $777.81 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $806.05 million at December 31, 2023, and $848.96 million at December 31, 2022.
Amortization expense on MSRs is expected to total $0.54 million, $0.47 million, $0.40 million, $0.34 million, and $0.29 million in 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2029, respectively. Projected amortization excludes the impact of future asset additions or disposals.
The following table shows changes in the carrying value of MSRs and the associated valuation allowance.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Mortgage servicing rights:
Balance at beginning of year $ 3,670 $ 4,137
Additions 547 378
Amortization (781) (845)
Sales - -
Carrying value before valuation allowance at end of year 3,436 3,670
Valuation allowance:
Balance at beginning of year - -
Impairment recoveries - -
Balance at end of year $ - $ -
Net carrying value of mortgage servicing rights at end of year $ 3,436 $ 3,670
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights at end of year $ 7,480 $ 8,151
At December 31, 2024, the fair value of MSRs exceeded the carrying value reported on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition by $4.04 million. This difference represents increases in the fair value of certain MSRs that could not be recorded above cost basis.
Funds held in trust at 1st Source for the payment of principal, interest, taxes and insurance premiums applicable to mortgage loans being serviced for others, were approximately $8.45 million and $8.07 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Mortgage loan contractual servicing fees, including late fees and ancillary income, were $2.40 million, $2.54 million, and $2.79 million for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Mortgage loan contractual servicing fees are included in Mortgage Banking Income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Note 9 - Intangible Assets and Goodwill
At December 31, 2024, intangible assets consisted of goodwill of $83.90 million and other intangible assets of $0.00 million, which was net of accumulated amortization of $0.14 million. At December 31, 2023, intangible assets consisted of goodwill of $83.90 million and other intangible assets of $0.02 million, which was net of accumulated amortization of $0.12 million. Intangible asset amortization was $0.02 million, $0.11 million, and $0.02 million for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Amortization on other intangible assets is expected to total $0.00 million, $0.00 million, $0.00 million, $0.00 million, and $0.00 million in 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2029, respectively.
The following table shows a summary of other intangible assets as of December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Other intangibles:
Gross carrying amount $ 146 $ 146
Less: accumulated amortization (144) (125)
Net carrying amount $ 2 $ 21
Note 10 - Deposits
The aggregate amount of certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more and other time deposits of $250,000 or more outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $897.93 million and $953.09 million, respectively.
The following table shows the amount of certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more and other time deposits of $250,000 or more outstanding at December 31, 2024, by time remaining until maturity.
(Dollars in thousands)
Under 3 months $ 242,056
4 - 6 months 213,134
7 - 12 months 222,822
Over 12 months 219,920
Total $ 897,932
The following table shows scheduled maturities of time deposits, including both private and public funds, at December 31, 2024.
(Dollars in thousands)
2025 $ 1,509,036
2026 178,270
2027 68,239
2028 33,119
2029 541
Thereafter 520
Total $ 1,789,725
Note 11 - Borrowed Funds and Mandatorily Redeemable Securities
The following table shows the details of long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings (1.04%)
$ 10,000 $ 20,753
Mandatorily redeemable securities 22,073 21,641
Other long-term debt 7,083 5,517
Total long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities $ 39,156 $ 47,911
Annual maturities of long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2024, for the next five years and thereafter beginning in 2025, are as follows: $2.05 million; $11.94 million; $1.48 million; $0.85 million; $0.69 million; and $22.14 million.
At December 31, 2024, the Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings represented a source of funding for community economic development activities, agricultural loans and general funding for the bank and consisted of one fixed rate note maturing in 2026. This note was collateralized by $14.00 million of certain real estate loans.
Mandatorily redeemable securities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, of $22.07 million and $21.64 million, respectively reflected the “book value” shares under the 1st Source Executive Incentive Plan. See Note 16 - Stock Based Compensation (Stock Award Plans) for additional information. Dividends paid on these shares and changes in book value per share are recorded as Other interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Total interest expense recorded for 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $2.97 million, $3.60 million, and $(0.35) million, respectively. Negative interest expense recognized during 2022 was due to a decrease in book value per share during the year as a result of increased unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities within shareholders’ equity during 2022.
The following table shows the details of short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
2024 2023
(Dollars in thousands) Amount Weighted Average Rate Amount Weighted Average Rate
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase $ 72,346 1.15 % $ 55,809 0.37 %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 75,000 4.50 155,000 5.51
Federal Reserve advances 100,000 4.76 100,000 4.83
Other short-term borrowings 1,852 - 1,550 -
Total short-term borrowings $ 249,198 3.60 % $ 312,359 4.35 %
Note 12 - Variable Interest Entities
A variable interest entity (VIE) is a partnership, limited liability company, trust or other legal entity that meets any one of the following criteria:
•The entity does not have sufficient equity to conduct its activities without additional subordinated financial support from another party.
•The entity’s investors lack the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance.
•The entity’s at-risk holders do not have the obligation to absorb the losses or the right to receive residual returns.
•The voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their economic interests in the entity, and substantially all of the entity’s activities involve, or are conducted on behalf of, investors with disproportionately few voting rights.
The Company is involved in various entities that are considered to be VIEs. The Company’s investments in VIEs are primarily related to investments promoting affordable housing, community development and renewable energy sources. Some of these tax-advantaged investments support the Company’s regulatory compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. The Company’s investments in these entities generate a return primarily through the realization of federal and state income tax credits and other tax benefits, such as tax deductions from operating losses of the investments, over specified time periods. These tax credits are recognized as a reduction of tax expense or, for investments qualifying as investment tax credits, as a reduction to the related investment asset. The Company recognized federal and state income tax credits related to its affordable housing and community development tax-advantaged investments in tax expense of $3.19 million, $2.66 million and $2.06 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company also recognized $22.74 million, $37.23 million and $9.83 million of investment tax credits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company is not required to consolidate VIEs in which it has concluded it does not have a controlling financial interest, and thus is not the primary beneficiary. In such cases, the Company does not have both the power to direct the entities’ most significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. As a limited partner in these operating partnerships, the Company is allocated credits and deductions associated with the underlying properties. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these investments because the general partners have the power to direct activities that most significantly influence the economic performance of their respective partnerships.
The Company’s investments in these unconsolidated VIEs are carried in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s unfunded capital and other commitments related to these unconsolidated VIEs are generally carried in Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from these unconsolidated VIEs include the investment recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, net of unfunded capital commitments, and previously recorded tax credits which remain subject to recapture by taxing authorities based on compliance features required to be met at the project level. While the Company believes potential losses from these investments are remote, the maximum exposure was determined by assuming a scenario where the community-based business, housing projects and renewable energy projects completely fail and do not meet certain taxing authority compliance requirements resulting in recapture of the related tax credits.
The following table provides a summary of investments in affordable housing, community development and renewable energy VIEs that the Company has not consolidated as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Investment carrying amount $ 62,044 $ 79,228
Unfunded capital and other commitments 52,806 80,719
Maximum exposure to loss 74,242 59,649
The Company is required to consolidate VIEs in which it has concluded it has significant involvement in and the ability to direct the activities that impact the entity’s economic performance. The Company is the managing general partner of entities to which it shares interest in tax-advantaged investments with a third party. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $78.20 million and $87.37 million, respectively, of the Company’s assets and $0.00 million and $0.00 million, respectively, of its liabilities included on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were related to tax-advantaged investment VIEs which the Company has consolidated. The assets of the consolidated VIE are reported in Other Assets, the liabilities are reported in Other Liabilities and the non-controlling interest is reported in Equity on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The assets of a particular VIE are the primary source of funds to settle its obligations. The creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. The Company’s exposure to the consolidated VIE is generally limited to the carrying value of its variable interest plus any related tax credits previously recognized.
Additionally, the Company sponsors one trust, 1st Source Master Trust (Capital Trust), of which 100% of the common equity is owned by the Company. The Capital Trust was formed in 2007 for the purpose of issuing corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable capital securities (the capital securities) to third-party investors and investing the proceeds from the sale of the capital securities solely in junior subordinated debenture securities of the Company (the subordinated notes). The subordinated notes held by the Capital Trust are the sole assets of the Capital Trust. The Capital Trust qualifies as a variable interest entity for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary and therefore reported in the financial statements as an unconsolidated subsidiary. The junior subordinated debentures are reflected as subordinated notes on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition with the corresponding interest distributions reflected as Interest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The common shares issued by the Capital Trust are included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Distributions on the capital securities issued by the Capital Trust are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the interest rate being earned by the Capital Trust on the subordinated notes held by the Capital Trust. The capital securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the subordinated notes. The Company has entered into agreements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee the capital securities subject to the terms of each of the guarantees. The capital securities held by the Capital Trust qualify as Tier 1 capital under Federal Reserve Board guidelines.
The following table shows subordinated notes at December 31, 2024.
(Dollars in thousands) Amount of Subordinated Notes Interest Rate Maturity Date
June 2007 issuance (1) $ 41,238 7.22 % 6/15/2037
August 2007 issuance (2) 17,526 6.10 % 9/15/2037
Total $ 58,764
(1) Fixed rate through life of debt.
(2) 3-Month Term SOFR + the 3-Month tenor spread adjustment + 1.48% through remaining life of debt.
Note 13 - Earnings Per Share
Earnings per common share is computed using the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, excluding outstanding participating securities. Participating securities include non-vested restricted stock awards. Non-vested restricted stock awards are considered participating securities to the extent the holders of these securities receive non-forfeitable dividends at the same rate as holders of common stock. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares determined for the basic earnings per common share computation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasury stock method.
Stock options, where the exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the result would have been antidilutive. No stock options were considered antidilutive as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three years ending December 31.
(Dollars in thousands - except per share amounts) 2024 2023 2022
Distributed earnings allocated to common stock $ 34,265 $ 32,001 $ 31,095
Undistributed earnings allocated to common stock 97,130 91,735 88,419
Net earnings allocated to common stock 131,395 123,736 119,514
Net earnings allocated to participating securities 1,228 1,191 995
Net income allocated to common stock and participating securities $ 132,623 $ 124,927 $ 120,509
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share 24,496,148 24,615,546 24,687,324
Dilutive effect of stock compensation - - -
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share 24,496,148 24,615,546 24,687,324
Basic earnings per common share $ 5.36 $ 5.03 $ 4.84
Diluted earnings per common share $ 5.36 $ 5.03 $ 4.84
Note 14 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss related to unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities for the two years ending December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 Affected Line Item in the
Consolidated Statements of Income
Realized losses included in net income $ (3,889) $ (2,926) Losses on investment securities available-for-sale
(3,889) (2,926) Income before income taxes
Tax effect 874 665 Income tax expense
Net of tax $ (3,015) $ (2,261) Net income
Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans
The 1st Source Corporation Employee Stock Ownership and Profit Sharing Plan (as amended, the “Plan”) includes an employee stock ownership component, which is designed to invest in and hold 1st Source common stock, and a 401(k) plan component, which holds all Plan assets not invested in 1st Source common stock. The Plan encourages diversification of investments with opportunities to change investment elections and contribution levels.
Employees are eligible to participate in the Plan the first of the month following 90 days of employment. The Company matches dollar for dollar on the first 4% of deferred compensation, plus 50 cents on the dollar of the next 2% deferrals. The Company will also contribute to the Plan an amount designated as a fixed 2% employer contribution. The amount of fixed contribution is equal to two percent of the participant’s eligible compensation. Additionally, each year the Company may, in its sole discretion, make a discretionary profit sharing contribution. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 699,883 and 707,404 shares, respectively, of 1st Source Corporation common stock held in relation to employee benefit plans.
The Company contributions are allocated among the participants on the basis of compensation. Each participant’s account is credited with cash and/or shares of 1st Source common stock based on that participant’s compensation earned during the year. After completing 5 years of service in which they worked at least 1,000 hours per year, a participant will be completely vested in the Company’s contribution. An employee is always 100% vested in their deferral. Plan participants are entitled to receive distributions from their Plan accounts in-service and upon termination of service, retirement, or death.
Contribution expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, amounted to $6.53 million, $6.76 million, and $6.22 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company utilized $0.65 million of accumulated Plan forfeitures to offset employer contribution expense.
Note 16 - Stock Based Compensation
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had four active stock-based employee compensation plans. These plans include three executive stock award plans, the Executive Incentive Plan (EIP), the Restricted Stock Award Plan (RSAP), the Strategic Deployment Incentive Plan (SDP); and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The 2011 Stock Option Plan was approved by the shareholders on April 21, 2011 but the Company had not made any grants through December 31, 2024. These stock-based employee compensation plans were established to help retain and motivate key employees. All of the plans have been approved by the shareholders of 1st Source Corporation. The Executive Compensation and Human Resources Committee (the “Committee”) of the 1st Source Corporation Board of Directors has sole authority to select the employees, establish the awards to be issued, and approve the terms and conditions of each award under the stock-based compensation plans.
Stock-based compensation to employees is recognized as compensation cost on the Consolidated Statements of Income based on their fair values on the measurement date, which, for 1st Source, is the date of grant. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for all awards. The total fair value of share awards vested was $4.73 million during 2024, $3.56 million in 2023, and $4.08 million in 2022.
The following table shows the combined summary of activity regarding active stock option and stock award plans.
Non-Vested Stock Awards Outstanding
Shares Available for Grant Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Balance, January 1, 2022 560,755 274,146 $ 34.86
Shares authorized - 2022 EIP 287,503 - -
Granted (127,198) 127,198 40.44
Stock awards vested - (97,640) 34.92
Forfeited 9,131 (15,179) 36.53
Balance, December 31, 2022 730,191 288,525 37.03
Shares authorized - 2023 EIP 87,271 - -
Granted (157,485) 157,485 41.75
Stock awards vested - (89,352) 35.14
Forfeited 1,571 (5,411) 37.91
Balance, December 31, 2023 661,548 351,247 39.61
Shares authorized - 2024 EIP 73,669 - -
Granted (78,600) 78,600 41.49
Stock awards vested - (104,307) 37.98
Forfeited 9,450 (14,802) 45.52
Balance, December 31, 2024 666,067 310,738 $ 40.35
Stock Option Plans - Incentive stock option plans include the 2011 Stock Option Plan (the “2011 Plan”).
Each award from the plan is evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the option price, the duration of the option, the number of shares to which the option pertains, and such other provisions as the Committee determines. The option price is equal to the fair market value of a share of 1st Source Corporation’s common stock on the date of grant. Options granted expire at such time as the Committee determines at the date of grant and in no event does the exercise period exceed a maximum of ten years. Upon merger, consolidation, or other corporate consolidation in which 1st Source Corporation is not the surviving corporation, as defined in the plans, all outstanding options immediately vest.
There were zero stock options exercised during 2024, 2023 or 2022. All shares issued in connection with stock option exercises and non-vested stock awards are issued from available treasury stock.
No stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was recognized in 2024, 2023 or 2022.
The fair value of each option on the date of grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility estimated over a period equal to the expected life of the options. In estimating the fair value of stock options under the Black-Scholes valuation model, separate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately. The expected life of the options granted is derived based on past experience and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.
Stock Award Plans - Incentive stock award plans include the EIP, the SDP and the RSAP. The EIP is administered by the Committee. Awards under the EIP and SDP include “book value” shares and “market value” shares of common stock. These shares are awarded annually based on weighted performance criteria and generally vest over a period of five years. The EIP book value shares may only be sold to 1st Source and such sale is mandatory in the event of death, retirement, disability, or termination of employment. The RSAP is designed for key employees. Awards under the RSAP are made to employees recommended by the Chief Executive Officer and approved by the Committee. Shares granted under the RSAP vest over a period of up to ten years and vesting is based upon meeting certain various criteria, including continued employment with 1st Source.
Stock-based compensation expense relating to the EIP, SDP and RSAP totaled $5.65 million in 2024, $4.89 million in 2023, and $3.59 million in 2022. The total income tax benefit recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income related to stock-based compensation was $1.27 million in 2024, $1.11 million in 2023, and $0.83 million in 2022. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards (EIP/SDP/RSAP) was $9.43 million at December 31, 2024. At such date, the weighted-average period over which this unrecognized expense was expected to be recognized was 3.11 years.
The fair value of non-vested stock awards for the purposes of recognizing stock-based compensation expense is market price of the stock on the measurement date, which, for the Company’s purposes is the date of the award.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan - The Company offers an ESPP for substantially all employees with at least two years of service on the effective date of an offering under the plan. Eligible employees may elect to purchase any dollar amount of stock, so long as such amount does not exceed 25% of their base rate of pay and the aggregate stock accrual rate for all offerings does not exceed $25,000 in any calendar year. The purchase price for shares offered is the lower of the closing market bid price for the offering date or the average market bid price for the five business days preceding the offering date. The purchase price and premium/(discount) to the actual market closing price on the offering date for the 2024, 2023, and 2022 offerings were $51.21 0.49%, $41.64 (-0.50%), and $46.78 (-0.34%), respectively. Payment for the stock is made through payroll deductions over the offering period, and employees may discontinue the deductions at any time and exercise the option or take the funds out of the program. The most recent offering began June 1, 2024 and runs through June 2, 2026, with $173,860 in stock value to be purchased at $51.21 per share.
Note 17 - Income Taxes
The following table shows the composition of income tax expense.
Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Current:
Federal $ 31,826 $ 40,073 $ 38,779
State 4,181 6,135 6,937
Total current 36,007 46,208 45,716
Deferred:
Federal 2,044 (7,917) (7,936)
State 388 (1,545) (1,525)
Total deferred 2,432 (9,462) (9,461)
Total provision $ 38,439 $ 36,746 $ 36,255
The following table shows the reasons for the difference between income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate (21%) to income before income taxes.
2024 2023 2022
Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
Amount Percent of Pretax Income Amount Percent of Pretax Income Amount Percent of Pretax Income
Statutory federal income tax $ 35,922 21.0 % $ 33,953 21.0 % $ 32,925 21.0 %
(Decrease) increase in income taxes resulting from:
Tax-exempt interest income (465) (0.3) (592) (0.4) (504) (0.3)
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 3,610 2.1 3,626 2.2 4,275 2.7
Other (628) (0.3) (241) (0.1) (441) (0.3)
Total $ 38,439 22.5 % $ 36,746 22.7 % $ 36,255 23.1 %
The tax benefit related to losses on investment securities available-for-sale for the years 2024, 2023, and 2022 was approximately $937,000, $720,000, and $39,000, respectively.
The following table shows the composition of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses $ 34,738 $ 34,957
Operating lease liability 4,371 4,675
Accruals for employee benefits 4,361 4,103
Tax advantaged partnerships - 1,658
Net unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale 27,153 33,433
Other 1,838 2,405
Total deferred tax assets 72,461 81,231
Deferred tax liabilities:
Differing depreciable bases in premises and leased equipment 4,782 5,198
Right of use assets - leases 5,075 5,224
Differing bases in assets related to acquisitions 4,335 4,308
Tax advantaged partnerships 574 -
Other 2,152 2,246
Total deferred tax liabilities 16,918 16,976
Net deferred tax asset $ 55,543 $ 64,255
No valuation allowance for deferred tax assets was recorded at December 31, 2024 and 2023 as the Company believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.
Tax years that remain open and subject to audit include the federal 2021-2024 years and the Indiana 2021-2024 years. The Company does not anticipate a significant change in the amount of uncertain tax positions within the next 12 months.
Note 18 - Contingent Liabilities, Commitments, and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
Contingent Liabilities -1st Source and its subsidiaries are defendants in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, based upon present information including the advice of legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of these proceedings will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
1st Source Bank sells residential mortgage loans to Fannie Mae as well as FHA-insured, USDA-insured and VA-guaranteed loans in Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities. Additionally, the Bank has sold loans on a service released basis to various other financial institutions in the past. The agreements under which the Bank sells these mortgage loans contain various representations and warranties regarding the acceptability of loans for purchase. On occasion, the Bank may be required to indemnify the loan purchaser for credit losses on loans that were later deemed ineligible for purchase or may be required to repurchase a loan. Both circumstances are collectively referred to as “repurchases.”
The Company’s liability for repurchases, included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, was $0.12 million and $0.10 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The mortgage repurchase liability represents the Company’s best estimate of the loss that it may incur. The estimate is based on specific loan repurchase requests and a historical loss ratio with respect to origination dollar volume. Because the level of mortgage loan repurchase losses are dependent on economic factors, investor demand strategies and other external conditions that may change over the life of the underlying loans, the level of liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses is difficult to estimate and requires considerable management judgment.
Lease Commitments - The Company and its subsidiaries are obligated under operating leases for certain office premises and equipment.
The following table shows operating lease right of use assets and operating lease liabilities as of December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) Statement of Financial Condition classification 2024 2023
Operating lease right of use assets Accrued income and other assets $ 21,076 $ 21,692
Operating lease liabilities Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 18,150 $ 19,413
The following table shows the components of operating leases expense for the year ended December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) Statement of Income classification 2024 2023 2022
Operating lease cost Net occupancy expense $ 3,855 $ 3,721 $ 3,527
Short-term lease cost Net occupancy expense - 9 18
Variable lease cost Net occupancy expense 9 8 8
Total operating lease cost $ 3,864 $ 3,738 $ 3,553
The following table shows future minimum rental commitments for all noncancellable operating leases with an initial term longer than 12 months for the next five years and thereafter.
(Dollars in thousands)
2025 $ 4,270
2026 3,730
2027 3,028
2028 1,784
2029 1,701
Thereafter 7,468
Total lease payments 21,981
Less: imputed interest (3,831)
Present value of operating lease liabilities $ 18,150
The following table shows the weighted average remaining operating lease term, the weighted average discount rate and supplemental Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows information for operating leases at December 31.
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term 8.94 years 9.31 years 9.33 years
Weighted average discount rate 4.34 % 4.28 % 1.85 %
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 4,509 $ 4,508 $ 4,298
There were no new significant leases that had not yet commenced as of December 31, 2024.
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk - To meet the financing needs of its clients, 1st Source and its subsidiaries are parties to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business. These off-balance-sheet financial instruments include commitments to originate and sell loans and standby letters of credit. The instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Financial instruments, whose contract amounts represent credit risk as of December 31, were as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023
Amounts of commitments:
Loan commitments to extend credit $ 1,304,735 $ 1,454,506
Standby letters of credit $ 21,828 $ 17,287
Commercial and similar letters of credit $ 161 $ 7,047
The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for loan commitments and standby letters of credit is represented by the dollar amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies and collateral requirements in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.
Loan commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company grants mortgage loan commitments to borrowers subject to normal loan underwriting standards. The interest rate risk associated with these loan commitments is managed by entering into contracts for future deliveries of loans.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party. The credit risk involved in and collateral obtained when issuing standby letters of credit are essentially the same as those involved in extending loan commitments to clients. Standby letters of credit generally have terms ranging from two months to one year.
Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being drawn on when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and the third party. Commercial letters of credit generally have terms ranging from two months to six months.
Note 19 - Derivative Financial Instruments
Commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans are considered derivative instruments. See Note 18 for further information.
The Company has certain interest rate derivative positions that are not designated as hedging instruments. Derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and do not take into account the effects of master netting agreements. Master netting agreements allow the Company to settle all derivative contracts held with a single counterparty on a net basis, and to offset net derivative positions with related collateral, where applicable. These derivative positions relate to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a client while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with another financial institution. In connection with each transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the client on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the client on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay another financial institution the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. The transaction allows the client to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate. Because the terms of the swaps with the customers and the other financial institution offset each other, with the only difference being counterparty credit risk, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts are not materially different and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.
The following table shows the amounts of non-hedging derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Asset derivatives Liability derivatives
(Dollars in thousands) Notional or contractual amount Statement of Financial Condition classification Fair value Statement of Financial Condition classification Fair value
Interest rate swap contracts $ 1,083,673 Other assets $ 16,424 Other liabilities $ 16,727
Loan commitments 3,586 Mortgages held for sale 118 N/A -
Forward contracts - mortgage loan 4,500 Mortgages held for sale 17 N/A -
Total - December 31, 2024 $ 1,091,759 $ 16,559 $ 16,727
Interest rate swap contracts $ 1,085,618 Other assets $ 22,704 Other liabilities $ 23,140
Loan commitments 2,824 Mortgages held for sale 107 N/A -
Forward contracts - mortgage loan 3,500 N/A - Mortgages held for sale 16
Total - December 31, 2023 $ 1,091,942 $ 22,811 $ 23,156
The following table shows the amounts included on the Consolidated Statements of Income for non-hedging derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Gain (loss)
(Dollars in thousands) Statement of Income classification 2024 2023 2022
Interest rate swap contracts Other expense $ 133 $ 33 $ (32)
Interest rate swap contracts Other income 831 1,310 83
Loan commitments Mortgage banking 11 40 (385)
Forward contracts - mortgage loan Mortgage banking 33 (40) 35
Total $ 1,008 $ 1,343 $ (299)
The following table shows the offsetting of financial assets and derivative assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands) Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Condition Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
December 31, 2024
Interest rate swaps $ 16,424 $ - $ 16,424 $ - $ 12,615 $ 3,809
December 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps $ 22,704 $ - $ 22,704 $ - $ 10,795 $ 11,909
The following table shows the offsetting of financial liabilities and derivative liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands) Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Condition Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Pledged Net Amount
December 31, 2024
Interest rate swaps $ 16,727 $ - $ 16,727 $ - $ - $ 16,727
Repurchase agreements 72,345 - 72,345 72,345 - -
Total $ 89,072 $ - $ 89,072 $ 72,345 $ - $ 16,727
December 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps $ 23,140 $ - $ 23,140 $ - $ - $ 23,140
Repurchase agreements 55,809 - 55,809 55,809 - -
Total $ 78,949 $ - $ 78,949 $ 55,809 $ - $ 23,140
If a default in performance of any obligation of a repurchase or derivative agreement occurs, each party will set-off property held, or loan indebtedness owing, in respect of transactions against obligations owing in respect of any other transactions. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, repurchase agreements had a remaining contractual maturity of $72.30 million and $54.46 million in overnight and $0.05 million and $1.35 million in up to 30 days, respectively and were collateralized by U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities.
Note 20 - Regulatory Matters
The Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total capital, Tier 1 capital, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The Company believes that it meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.
The most recent notification from the Federal bank regulators categorized 1st Source Bank, the largest of its subsidiaries, as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized” the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since that notification that the Company believes will have changed the institution’s category.
As discussed in Note 12, the capital securities held by the Capital Trusts qualify as Tier 1 capital under Federal Reserve Board guidelines. The following table shows the actual and required capital amounts and ratios for 1st Source Corporation and 1st Source Bank as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Actual Minimum Capital Adequacy Minimum Capital Adequacy with Capital Buffer To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(Dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation $ 1,345,500 17.08 % $ 630,028 8.00 % $ 826,912 10.50 % $ 787,535 10.00 %
1st Source Bank 1,246,610 15.83 630,034 8.00 826,920 10.50 787,543 10.00
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation 1,246,267 15.82 472,521 6.00 669,405 8.50 630,028 8.00
1st Source Bank 1,147,376 14.57 472,526 6.00 669,412 8.50 630,034 8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-
Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation 1,118,829 14.21 354,391 4.50 551,274 7.00 511,898 6.50
1st Source Bank 1,076,938 13.67 354,394 4.50 551,280 7.00 511,903 6.50
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):
1st Source Corporation 1,246,267 14.05 354,927 4.00 N/A N/A 443,659 5.00
1st Source Bank 1,147,376 12.93 354,822 4.00 N/A N/A 443,528 5.00
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation $ 1,248,905 16.25 % $ 614,880 8.00 % $ 807,031 10.50 % $ 768,601 10.00 %
1st Source Bank 1,168,672 15.21 614,547 8.00 806,593 10.50 768,184 10.00
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation 1,152,093 14.99 461,160 6.00 653,311 8.50 614,880 8.00
1st Source Bank 1,071,912 13.95 460,910 6.00 652,956 8.50 614,547 8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-
Weighted Assets):
1st Source Corporation 1,016,398 13.22 345,870 4.50 538,020 7.00 499,590 6.50
1st Source Bank 993,217 12.93 345,683 4.50 537,729 7.00 499,319 6.50
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):
1st Source Corporation 1,152,093 13.26 347,512 4.00 N/A N/A 434,390 5.00
1st Source Bank 1,071,912 12.34 347,397 4.00 N/A N/A 434,246 5.00
The Bank was not required to maintain noninterest bearing cash balances with the Federal Reserve Bank as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Dividends that may be paid by a subsidiary bank to the parent company are subject to certain legal and regulatory limitations and also may be affected by capital needs, as well as other factors.
Due to the Company’s mortgage activities, 1st Source Bank is required to maintain minimum net worth capital requirements established by various governmental agencies. 1st Source Bank’s net worth requirements are governed by the Department of Housing and Urban Development and GNMA. As of December 31, 2024, 1st Source Bank met its minimum net worth capital requirements.
Note 21 - Fair Value Measurements
The Company determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and observable inputs and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The Company elected fair value accounting for mortgages held for sale and for its best-efforts forward sales commitments. The Company economically hedges its mortgages held for sale at the time the interest rate locks are issued to the customers. The Company believes the election for mortgages held for sale will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of the derivatives or best-efforts forward sales commitments. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, all mortgages held for sale are carried at fair value.
The following table shows the differences between fair value carrying amount of mortgages held for sale measured at fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal amount the Company is contractually entitled to receive at maturity on December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(Dollars in thousands) Fair value carrying amount Aggregate unpaid principal Excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal
December 31, 2024
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value:
Total Loans $ 2,569 $ 2,343 $ 226 (1)
December 31, 2023
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value:
Total Loans $ 1,442 $ 1,297 $ 145 (1)
(1) The excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal is included in mortgage banking income and includes changes in fair value at and subsequent to funding and gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding.
Financial Instruments on Recurring Basis:
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Investment securities available-for-sale are valued primarily by a third-party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies and assumptions, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market levels. In general, the Company’s investment securities do not possess a complex structure that could introduce greater valuation risk. The portfolio mainly consists of traditional investments including U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities, Federal agency mortgage pass-through securities, and general obligation and revenue municipal bonds. Pricing for such instruments is fairly generic and is easily obtained. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to prices obtained from other third party sources for a material portion of the portfolio.
The valuation policy and procedures for Level 3 fair value measurements of available-for-sale debt securities are decided through collaboration between management of the Corporate Accounting and Funds Management departments. The changes in fair value measurement for Level 3 securities are analyzed on a periodic basis under a collaborative framework with the aforementioned departments. The methodology and variables used for input are derived from the combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments.
Both the market and income valuation approaches are implemented using the following types of inputs:
•U.S. treasuries are priced using the market approach and utilizing live data feeds from active market exchanges for identical securities.
•Government-sponsored agency debt securities and corporate bonds are primarily priced using available market information through processes such as benchmark curves, market valuations of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing.
•Other government-sponsored agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and some of the actively traded REMICs and CMOs, are primarily priced using available market information including benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, spreads and volatility of similar securities.
•State and political subdivisions are largely grouped by characteristics, i.e., geographical data and source of revenue in trade dissemination systems. Since some securities are not traded daily and due to other grouping limitations, active market quotes are often obtained using benchmarking for like securities. Local direct placement municipal securities, with very little market activity, are priced using an appropriate market yield curve which incorporates a credit spread assumption.
Mortgages held for sale and the related loan commitments and forward contracts (economic hedges) are valued by a third party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market values. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to the prices obtained from other third party sources.
Interest rate swap positions, both assets and liabilities, are valued by a third-party pricing agent using an income approach and utilizing models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. This valuation process considers various factors including interest rate yield curves, time value and volatility factors. Validation of third-party agent valuations is accomplished by comparing those values to the Company’s swap counterparty valuations. Management believes an adjustment is required to “mid-market” valuations for derivatives tied to its performing loan portfolio to recognize the imprecision and related exposure inherent in the process of estimating expected credit losses as well as velocity of deterioration evident with systemic risks embedded in these portfolios. Any change in the mid-market derivative valuation adjustment will be recognized immediately through the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table shows the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
December 31, 2024
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 446,021 $ 311,728 $ - $ 757,749
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities - 81,600 1,032 82,632
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies - 695,918 - 695,918
Corporate debt securities - - - -
Foreign government and other securities - - - -
Total debt securities available-for-sale 446,021 1,089,246 1,032 1,536,299
Mortgages held for sale - 2,569 - 2,569
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements) - 16,424 - 16,424
Total $ 446,021 $ 1,108,239 $ 1,032 $ 1,555,292
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements) $ - $ 16,727 $ - $ 16,727
Total $ - $ 16,727 $ - $ 16,727
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities $ 541,461 $ 381,405 $ - $ 922,866
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities - 91,403 1,161 92,564
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies - 598,252 - 598,252
Corporate debt securities - 8,329 - 8,329
Foreign government and other securities - 589 - 589
Total debt securities available-for-sale 541,461 1,079,978 1,161 1,622,600
Mortgages held for sale - 1,442 - 1,442
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements) - 22,704 - 22,704
Total $ 541,461 $ 1,104,124 $ 1,161 $ 1,646,746
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements) $ - $ 23,140 $ - $ 23,140
Total $ - $ 23,140 $ - $ 23,140
The following table shows the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(Dollars in thousands) U.S. States and political subdivisions securities
Beginning balance January 1, 2024 $ 1,161
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings -
Included in other comprehensive income 51
Purchases -
Issuances -
Sales -
Settlements -
Maturities (180)
Transfers into Level 3 -
Transfers out of Level 3 -
Ending balance December 31, 2024 $ 1,032
Beginning balance January 1, 2023 $ 1,464
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings -
Included in other comprehensive income (43)
Purchases 3,000
Issuances -
Sales -
Settlements -
Maturities (3,260)
Transfers into Level 3 -
Transfers out of Level 3 -
Ending balance December 31, 2023 $ 1,161
There were no gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at December 31, 2024 or 2023.
The following table shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(Dollars in thousands) Fair value Valuation Methodology Unobservable Inputs Range of Inputs Weighted Average
December 31, 2024
Debt securities available-for-sale
Direct placement municipal securities $ 1,032 Discounted cash flows Credit spread assumption 1.15% - 4.59%
3.96 %
December 31, 2023
Debt securities available-for-sale
Direct placement municipal securities $ 1,161 Discounted cash flows Credit spread assumption 0.31% - 5.28%
4.28 %
Financial Instruments on Non-recurring Basis:
The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment charges of individual assets.
The Credit Policy Committee (CPC), a management committee, is responsible for overseeing the valuation processes and procedures for Level 3 measurements of impaired loans, other real estate and repossessions. The CPC reviews these assets on a quarterly basis to determine the accuracy of the observable inputs, generally third-party appraisals, auction values, values derived from trade publications and data submitted by the borrower, and the appropriateness of the unobservable inputs, generally discounts due to current market conditions and collection issues. The CPC establishes discounts based on asset type and valuation source; deviations from the standard are documented. The discounts are reviewed periodically, annually at a minimum, to determine they remain appropriate. Consideration is given to current trends in market values for the asset categories and gain and losses on sales of similar assets. The Loan and Funds Management Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the CPC.
Discounts vary depending on the nature of the assets and the source of value. Aircraft are generally valued using quarterly trade publications adjusted for engine time, condition, maintenance programs, discounted by 10%. Likewise, autos are valued using current auction values, discounted by 10%; medium and heavy duty trucks are valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 15%. Construction equipment is generally valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 20%. Real estate is valued based on appraisals or evaluations, discounted by 20% at a minimum with higher discounts for property in poor condition or property with characteristics which may make it more difficult to market. Commercial loans subject to borrowing base certificates are generally discounted by 20% for receivables and 40% - 75% for inventory with higher discounts when monthly borrowing base certificates are not required or received.
Collateral-dependent impaired loans and related write-downs are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Collateral values are reviewed quarterly and estimated using customized discounting criteria, appraisals and dealer and trade magazine quotes which are used in a market valuation approach. In accordance with fair value measurements, only impaired loans for which an allowance for loan loss has been established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. As a result, only a portion of the Company’s impaired loans are classified in the fair value hierarchy.
The Company has established MSRs valuation policies and procedures based on industry standards and to ensure valuation methodologies are consistent and verifiable. MSRs and related adjustments to fair value result from application of lower of cost or fair value accounting. For purposes of impairment, MSRs are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. The fair value of each tranche of the servicing portfolio is estimated by calculating the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors. Prepayment rates and discount rates are derived through a third-party pricing agent. Changes in the most significant inputs, including prepayment rates and discount rates, are compared to the changes in the fair value measurements and appropriate resolution is made. A fair value analysis is also obtained from an independent third-party agent and compared to the internal valuation for reasonableness. MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices and though sales of MSRs do occur, precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available and the characteristics of the Company’s servicing portfolio may differ from those of any servicing portfolios that do trade.
Other real estate is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less expected selling costs. Collateral values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Fair values are reviewed quarterly and new appraisals are obtained annually. Repossessions are similarly valued.
For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis the following represents impairment charges (recoveries) recognized on these assets during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively: collateral-dependent impaired loans - $10.43 million and $4.28 million; MSRs - $0.00 million and $0.00 million; repossessions - $0.03 million and $0.00 million, and other real estate - $0.00 million and $0.00 million.
The following table shows the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
(Dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
December 31, 2024
Collateral-dependent impaired loans $ - $ - $ 725 $ 725
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights) - - 3,436 3,436
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions) - - 155 155
Accrued income and other assets (other real estate) - - 460 460
Total $ - $ - $ 4,776 $ 4,776
December 31, 2023
Collateral-dependent impaired loans $ - $ - $ 6,289 $ 6,289
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights) - - 3,670 3,670
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions) - - 705 705
Accrued income and other assets (other real estate) - - - -
Total $ - $ - $ 10,664 $ 10,664
The following table shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
(Dollars in thousands) Carrying Value Fair Value Valuation Methodology Unobservable Inputs Range of Inputs Weighted Average
December 31, 2024
Collateral-dependent impaired loans $ 725 $ 725 Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions 25% - 30%
28.0 %
Mortgage servicing rights 3,436 7,480 Discounted cash flows Constant prepayment rate (CPR) 7.6% - 23.0%
7.6 %
Discount rate 11.1% - 13.1%
11.3 %
Repossessions 155 170 Appraisals, trade publications and auction values Discount for lack of marketability 0% - 10%
9 %
Other real estate 460 500 Appraisals Discount for lack of marketability 0% - 8%
8 %
December 31, 2023
Collateral-dependent impaired loans $ 6,289 $ 6,289 Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions 10% - 20%
13.9 %
Mortgage servicing rights 3,670 8,151 Discounted cash flows Constant prepayment rate (CPR) 6.1% - 17.6%
7.3 %
Discount rate 11.0% - 13.1%
11.2 %
Repossessions 705 757 Appraisals, trade publications and auction values Discount for lack of marketability 0% - 10%
8 %
Other real estate - - Appraisals Discount for lack of marketability 0% - 0%
0 %
GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis.
The following table shows the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments.
(Dollars in thousands) Carrying or Contract Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
December 31, 2024
Assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 76,837 $ 76,837 $ 76,837 $ - $ -
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks 47,989 47,989 47,989 - -
Investment securities available-for-sale 1,536,299 1,536,299 446,021 1,089,246 1,032
Other investments 23,855 23,855 23,855 - -
Mortgages held for sale 2,569 2,569 - 2,569 -
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses 6,699,268 6,608,109 - - 6,608,109
Mortgage servicing rights 3,436 7,480 - - 7,480
Accrued interest receivable 32,790 32,790 - 32,790 -
Interest rate swaps 16,424 16,424 - 16,424 -
Liabilities:
Deposits $ 7,230,035 $ 7,226,239 $ 5,440,309 $ 1,785,930 $ -
Short-term borrowings 249,198 249,198 74,198 175,000 -
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 39,156 38,784 - 38,784 -
Subordinated notes 58,764 56,903 - 56,903 -
Accrued interest payable 36,494 36,494 - 36,494 -
Interest rate swaps 16,727 16,727 - 16,727 -
Off-balance-sheet instruments * - 144 - 144 -
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 77,474 $ 77,474 $ 77,474 $ - $ -
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks
52,194 52,194 52,194 - -
Investment securities available-for-sale 1,622,600 1,622,600 541,461 1,079,978 1,161
Other investments 25,075 25,075 25,075 - -
Mortgages held for sale 1,442 1,442 - 1,442 -
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses 6,370,953 6,204,791 - - 6,204,791
Mortgage servicing rights 3,670 8,151 - - 8,151
Accrued interest receivable 30,232 30,232 - 30,232 -
Interest rate swaps 22,704 22,704 - 22,704 -
Liabilities:
Deposits $ 7,038,581 $ 7,033,549 $ 5,299,896 $ 1,733,653 $ -
Short-term borrowings 312,359 312,359 56,013 256,346 -
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 47,911 47,098 - 47,098 -
Subordinated notes 58,764 55,842 - 55,842 -
Accrued interest payable 29,520 29,520 - 29,520 -
Interest rate swaps 23,140 23,140 - 23,140 -
Off-balance-sheet instruments * - 120 - 120 -
* Represents estimated cash outflows required to currently settle the obligations at current market rates.
These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and require considerable judgment to interpret market data. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange, nor are they intended to represent the fair value of the Company as a whole. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of the respective balance sheet date. Although the Company is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.
Other significant assets, such as premises and equipment, other assets, and liabilities not defined as financial instruments, are not included in the above disclosures. Also, the fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.
Note 22 - Segment Information
The Company has one reportable operating segment, commercial banking. While our chief operating decision makers monitor revenue streams of various products and services, the identifiable segments’ operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a company-wide basis. The commercial banking segment provides a broad array of financial products and services including commercial and consumer banking services, trust and wealth advisory services, and insurance to individual and business clients through most of its 77 banking center locations in 18 counties in Indiana and Michigan and Sarasota County in Florida.
The accounting policies of the commercial banking segment are the same as those described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The chief operating decision makers assess performance for the commercial banking segment and decide how to allocate resources based on net income available to common shareholders which is also reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income as net income available to common shareholders. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as total assets.
The chief operating decision makers use net income available to common shareholders to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on average total assets) in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the commercial banking segment or to pay dividends or fund acquisitions. Net income available to common shareholders is also used by the chief operating decision makers to monitor budget versus actual results. Net income available to common shareholders as well as other common company-wide financial performance and credit quality metrics such as return on average assets, return on average shareholders’ equity, earnings per common share, net interest margin, efficiency ratio, and nonperforming assets to total assets, among others, are used for competitive analysis by benchmarking to the Company’s competitors as well as used in assessing the performance of the segment and for establishing management’s compensation. See the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, the Consolidated Statements of Income, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The Company’s chief operating decision makers are the members of the Strategic Deployment Committee which includes the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, and several Group/Division Heads that report directly to the Chief Executive Officer or President.
Note 23 - 1st Source Corporation (Parent Company Only) Financial Information
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 126,889 $ 105,889
Short-term investments with bank subsidiary 500 500
Investments in:
Bank subsidiaries 1,068,478 965,688
Non-bank subsidiaries 1 1
Right of use assets 12,552 13,895
Other assets 6,500 6,821
Total assets $ 1,214,920 $ 1,092,794
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities $ 29,156 $ 27,158
Subordinated notes 58,764 58,764
Operating lease liability 9,682 11,682
Other liabilities 6,250 5,622
Total liabilities 103,852 103,226
Total shareholders’ equity 1,111,068 989,568
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 1,214,920 $ 1,092,794
STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Income:
Dividends from bank subsidiary $ 55,223 $ 50,152 $ 49,588
Rental income from subsidiaries 1,961 1,832 1,740
Investment securities and other investment gains 124 261 353
Other 307 239 148
Total income 57,615 52,484 51,829
Expenses:
Interest on subordinated notes 4,217 4,174 3,550
Interest on long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 3,008 3,606 (341)
Interest on commercial paper and other short-term borrowings - 2 1
Occupancy 1,826 1,718 1,625
Other 926 917 890
Total expenses 9,977 10,417 5,725
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 47,638 42,067 46,104
Income tax benefit 1,287 1,246 1,099
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries 48,925 43,313 47,203
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries 83,693 81,621 73,329
Net income $ 132,618 $ 124,934 $ 120,532
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 151,709 $ 166,301 $ (17,297)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31 (Dollars in thousands)
2024 2023 2022
Operating activities:
Net income $ 132,618 $ 124,934 $ 120,532
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity (undistributed) distributed in excess of income of subsidiaries (83,693) (81,621) (73,329)
Amortization of right of use assets 1,343 1,354 1,376
Stock-based compensation 142 152 120
Realized/unrealized investment securities and other investment gains (124) (261) (353)
Other 1,326 2,863 (702)
Net change in operating activities 51,612 47,421 47,644
Investing activities:
Net change in partnership investments 260 (246) 102
Net change in investing activities 260 (246) 102
Financing activities:
Net change in commercial paper - (3,096) (871)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities 2,374 1,908 1,862
Payments on long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities (1,884) (2,887) (2,708)
Stock issued under stock purchase plans 153 78 252
Net proceeds from issuance of treasury stock 4,059 3,576 2,792
Acquisition of treasury stock (178) (12,469) (6,836)
Cash dividends paid on common stock (35,396) (33,074) (32,102)
Net change in financing activities (30,872) (45,964) (37,611)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 21,000 1,211 10,135
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 105,889 104,678 94,543
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 126,889 $ 105,889 $ 104,678

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
1st Source carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, at December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by 1st Source in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in those reports is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In addition, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
MANAGEMENT REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of 1st Source Corporation (“1st Source”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. 1st Source’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures pertaining to 1st Source’s ability to record, process, and report reliable information. Actions are taken to correct any deficiencies as they are identified through internal and external audits, regular examinations by bank regulatory agencies, 1st Source’s formal risk management process, and other means. 1st Source’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to 1st Source’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of 1st Source’s published financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time.
1st Source’s management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on management’s assessment, 1st Source believes that, as of December 31, 2024, 1st Source’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Forvis Mazars LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, which also audited 1st Source’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, has issued an attestation report on management’s assessment of 1st Source’s internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page 40.
By /s/ CHRISTOPHER J. MURPHY III
Christopher J. Murphy III, Chief Executive Officer
By /s/ BRETT A. BAUER
Brett A. Bauer, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
South Bend, Indiana

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, there were no “Rule 10b5-1 trading plans” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” adopted, modified or terminated by any director or officer of the Company (as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information under the caption “Proposal Number 1: Election of Directors,” “Board Committees and Other Corporate Governance Matters,” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information under the caption “Compensation Discussion & Analysis” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information under the caption “Voting Securities and Principal Holders Thereof” and “Proposal Number 1: Election of Directors” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
The following table shows Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2024.
(A) Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans [excluding securities reflected in column (A)]
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders
2011 Stock Option Plan - $ - 250,000
1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 7,385 46.04 102,931
1982 Executive Incentive Plan - - 207,176 (1)(2)(3)
1982 Restricted Stock Award Plan - - 110,246 (2)
Strategic Deployment Incentive Plan - - 98,645 (2)(3)
Total plans approved by shareholders 7,385 $ - 768,998
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders
Director Retainer Stock Plan(4) - - 43,852
Total equity compensation plans 7,385 $ - 812,850
(1)The Executive Compensation and Human Resources Committee of the 1st Source Corporation Board of Directors may issue under the 1982 Executive Incentive Plan not more than 0.60% in any one calendar year of our common stock outstanding at the beginning of such year.
(2)Amount is to be awarded by grants administered by the Executive Compensation and Human Resources Committee of the 1st Source Corporation Board of Directors.
(3)Amount includes market value stock only. Book value shares used for annual awards may only be sold to 1st Source.
(4)Under this plan an eligible director may elect to receive his or her annual retainer or annual fees in the form of shares of our common stock.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information under the caption “Proposal Number 1: Election of Directors”, “Board Committees and Other Corporate Governance Matters, “ and “Transactions with Related Persons” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information under the caption “Relationship with Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Part IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Financial Statements and Schedules:
The following Financial Statements and Supplementary Data are filed as part of this annual report:
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition - December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Income - Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity - Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022
Financial statement schedules required by Article 9 of Regulation S-X are not required under the related instructions, or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
(b) Exhibits (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K):
3(a) Articles of Incorporation of Registrant, amended April 30, 1996, filed as exhibit to Form 10-K, dated December 31, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
3(b) By-Laws of Registrant, as amended October 19, 2023, filed as exhibit to Form 10-Q, dated September 30, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference.
3(c) Certificate of Designations for Series A Preferred Stock, dated January 23, 2009, filed as exhibit to Form 8-K, dated January 23, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(a) Form of Common Stock Certificates of Registrant, filed as exhibit to Registration Statement 2-40481 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b) 1st Source agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of each instrument defining the rights of holders of Senior and Subordinated debt of 1st Source.
4(c) Description of the Company’s Securities, filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q, dated September 30, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(1) Employment Agreement of Christopher J. Murphy III, dated January 1, 2008, filed as exhibit to Form 8-K, dated March 17, 2008, amended February 6, 2014, filed as exhibit to Form 8-K, dated March 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(2) Employment Agreement of Andrea G. Short dated January 1, 2013, filed as exhibit to Form 10-K, dated December 31, 2012, amended February 6, 2014, filed as exhibit to Form 8-K, dated March 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(3) Employment Agreement of John B. Griffith, dated January 1, 2008, filed as exhibit to Form 8-K, dated March 17, 2008, amended February 6, 2014, filed as exhibit to Form 8-K, dated March 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(4) Employment Agreement of Jeffrey L. Buhr, dated May 23, 2017, filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K, dated May 23, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(5) Employment Agreement of Brett A. Bauer, dated August 1, 2021, filed as an exhibit to Form 8-K, dated August 3, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(b) 1st Source Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated April 17, 1997, filed as exhibit to Form 10-K, dated December 31, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(c) 1st Source Corporation 1982 Executive Incentive Plan, amended October 23, 2024, filed as an exhibit to Form 10-Q, dated September 30, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(d) 1st Source Corporation 1982 Restricted Stock Award Plan, amended November 9, 2016, filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 No. 333-215910, filed February 6, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e) 1st Source Corporation Strategic Deployment Incentive Plan, amended February 26, 2016, filed as exhibit to registrant’s 2016 definitive proxy statement, filed March 15, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f) 1st Source Corporation 2011 Stock Option Plan, amended November 9, 2016, filed as exhibit to Form 10-K, dated December 31, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(g) 1st Source Corporation Director Retainer Stock Plan, amended August 3, 2018, filed as exhibit to Form 10-Q, dated September 30, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.
19.1
1st Source Corporation Insider Trading Policy, amended October 19, 2023, filed herewith.
21 Subsidiaries of Registrant (unless otherwise indicated, each subsidiary does business under its own name):
Name Jurisdiction
1st Source Bank Indiana
SFG Aircraft, Inc. *
(formerly known as SFG Equipment Leasing, Inc.) Indiana
1st Source Insurance, Inc. * Indiana
1st Source Specialty Finance, Inc. * Indiana
1st Source Capital Corporation * Indiana
Trustcorp Mortgage Company (Inactive) Indiana
1st Source Master Trust Delaware
Michigan Transportation Finance Corporation * Michigan
1st Source Intermediate Holding, LLC Delaware
1st Source Funding, LLC (Inactive) Delaware
SFG Commercial Aircraft Leasing, Inc. * Indiana
SFG Equipment Leasing Corporation I* Indiana
1st Source Solar 1, LLC* Delaware
1st Source Solar 3, LLC Delaware
1st Source Solar 4, LLC Delaware
1st Source Solar 5, LLC Delaware
1st Source Solar 6, LLC Delaware
1st Source Solar 7, LLC Delaware
1st Source Solar 8, LLC Delaware
1st Source Solar 9, LLC Delaware
1st Portfolio Management, Inc. * Nevada
*Wholly-owned subsidiaries of 1st Source Bank
Consent of Forvis Mazars, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1
Certification of Christopher J. Murphy III, Chief Executive Officer (Rule 13a-14(a)).
31.2
Certification of Brett A. Bauer, Chief Financial Officer (Rule 13a-14(a)).
32.1
Certification of Christopher J. Murphy III, Chief Executive Officer.
32.2
Certification of Brett A. Bauer, Chief Financial Officer.
97.1
1st Source Corporation Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation, amended October 19, 2023, filed as an exhibit to Form 10-K dated December 31, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)
(c) Financial Statement Schedules - None.