EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1021604
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1021604_10-K_2022_0001213900-22-019609.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
General Overview
We are a leading developer of contactless payment solutions, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology based, for the unattended market. We have been a technology leader since 1990, providing systems, devices and services to operators and integrators with solutions and components that are simple to implement.
To date, we have deployed over one million payment solutions to our focused unattended markets: self-service kiosk, micro-markets and vending machines, entertainment and gaming, automated teller machines, or ATM, Mass Transit Ticketing Validation, and fuel payments.
We operate through regional offices, supporting clients and payment industry partners with its unique contactless payment solutions.
On April 21, 2021, we sold our Polish subsidiary, ASEC S.A., or ASEC, including our Mass Transit Ticketing activity in Poland. The consideration for the sale of ASEC was $3 million, of which approximately $2.1 million was used to repay Polish bank loans, and which was reduced by an agreed amount of approximately $300,000 due to working capital adjustments. Following the sale of ASEC, we now operate in two segments: Retail and Petroleum.
On January 10, 2022, we filed a petition, or the Petition, with the Israeli county court of Nazareth, or the Court, seeking protections from our creditors in accordance with the Israeli Insolvency and Economic Rehabilitation Law-2018, after our Board determined that we are insolvent from a cash flow perspective.
On January 19, 2022, we entered into a binding term sheet, or the Term Sheet, with Nayax. The Term Sheet provides that we and Nayax will enter into a two-step transaction relating to (i) Nayax extending to us a senior secured convertible loan, or the Nayax Loan; and (ii) the purchase by Nayax of 100% of our share capital in consideration for $4,500,000. Consequently to the entry into the Term Sheet, and at our request, the Court withdrew the Petition.
On January 27, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement and debenture relating to the Nayax Loan, or the Nayax Loan Agreement. On March 17, 2022, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Merger Agreement, with Nayax and OTI Merger Sub Ltd., an Israeli company, wholly owned by Nayax, or Merger Sub, pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into our company, with our company surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Nayax, in exchange for $4,500,000 in cash, or the Merger Consideration.
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel on February 15, 1990, under the name of De-Bug Innovations Ltd., with unlimited duration. Our name was changed to On Track Innovations Ltd. on July 8, 1991. We are registered with the Israeli Registrar of Companies, under registration number 52-004286-2 and our Ordinary Shares are quoted on the OTCQX® market, or OTCQX, under the symbol OTIVF.
Our Markets
We plan to continue to support our growing unattended markets which are self-service kiosks, micro-markets and vending machines, entertainment and gaming, ATM, mass transit ticketing validation, and fuel payments.
We believe that worldwide events including the COVID-19 pandemic are accelerating the trend towards adoption of unattended contactless payments in these markets.
Our Products
We combine a unique RF (radio frequency) technology with an “open garden” approach, and we enable our customers and partners to pick and choose products and services from our wide offering.
Our solutions include: Readers, Controllers and Terminals, Management Software, Payment Services, and a complete Payment System as a Service (PSaaS).
OTI Readers
We supply NFC and contactless payment reader products and solutions. Our products and solutions are approved by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., or UL, and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, and certified by EMVCo, LLC., or EMVCo, and by MasterCard TQM (Terminal Quality Management). Our reliability and performance are based on more than a quarter of a century of experience with NFC and contactless solutions.
Our readers are certified by the leading card associations, including, among others, EMVCo, Visa, MasterCard, Amex, Discover and Interac, and are compatible as well for use with various NFC mobile payments solutions such as Apple Pay™, Google Pay™ (previously known as Android Pay), Samsung Pay™, MIFARE™, FeliCa™ and others. Our readers are also certified for EMVCo modular architecture which saves certification implementation and reduces the cost and time of any EMVCo project.
Controllers and Terminals
Controllers and Terminals are hardware devices that manage the flow of data between two machines and are used to “control” a peripheral device (e.g., a vending machine). We have a range of Controllers and Terminals that provide secured and certified access to payment service providers which enable contactless payment acceptance, mobile payment acceptance, connectivity, and cloud-based management for machines.
Management software
We provide a cloud-based software for Self-Service Kiosks, Micro-Markets, Vending and any Pulse machines that provides real-time control and insights of each machine, enabling operators to remotely manage their terminal's fleet.
Payment Services
Our payment services include the following payment options:
● Payment Service API - a simple and powerful application programming interface, or API, to our payment servers to provide our customers and partners access to a certified EMVCo system to enable a fast and secured integration to new processors.
● Close Loop Payment - extending EMV payment, we offer support for close-loop payment cards with different technologies such as MIFARE and Mag-Stripe.
● Mobile Payment - we provide APIs for effortless and smooth integration with mobile payment solutions, enabling mobile payments on our system.
A complete Payment System as a Service (PSaaS)
Our system is a modular, cost-effective solution for self-service kiosks, micro-markets, vending and any pulse machines which enable contactless payments.
The complete PSaaS system incorporates telemetry, sales and operations into an all-inclusive solution that makes any kiosk, pulse or vending business connected and interactive, providing cloud control with real-time online management and alerts.
Industry Background
Under certain regulations and credit card anti-fraud legislations, the use of EMV contact and contactless payment technologies has become an essential requirement for both consumers and retailers. Various market sectors have begun to massively adopt contactless payments and are constantly looking for ways to make the adoption process as convenient as possible for both merchants and customers. Millions of contactless debit and credit cards are issued annually by leading financial institutions to various consumers, and merchants are looking to install contactless payment readers that can be easily integrated into their existing unattended point of sale locations.
The world's leading smartphone manufacturers include NFC support in their handsets, which enhances the technology adoption lifecycle. Whether it is a standard contactless travel card, or EMV contactless card, or an NFC mobile phone, the main motive is to provide quick and efficient payment solutions. Leading smartphone manufacturers have also introduced and are actively pushing the use of their own contactless payment solutions such as Apple Pay™, Google Pay™ and Samsung Pay™, all of which require a contactless reader to be available at the merchant countertop.
In addition, we have seen that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the trend towards adoption of unattended contactless payments in these markets.
Strategy
Our goal is to maintain our status as a leading developer of NFC and cashless payment technologies and our reputation as a manufacturer of top-quality products carrying the highest certification standards. We have been continuously updating our strategy for the coming years, which we believe will enable us to realize our potential and resume our growth, and ultimately create shareholder value.
Key elements of our strategy for achieving this goal include:
● Expanding our global market presence. We market our products through regional offices in the United States, Europe, Africa and our headquarters in Israel. We are using our headquarters and regional offices to strengthen our presence in existing markets, penetrate new markets, provide local customer service and technical support, and adapt our products to our local customers’ specific needs. We continue to expand our market presence via strategic partners and distributors around the globe.
● Increasing our focus on generating high-margin, recurring revenues. We are continuing our strategy to shift from hardware sales to SaaS and in upgrading our hardware to maintain our technological lead. We intend to generate additional recurring revenues by receiving service fees for ongoing customer services and transaction fees from our customers.
● Enhancing our technological position. We intend to continue to invest in research and development to develop new technologies, extend the functionality of our products and services, and offer innovative products and services to our customers and partners.
Customer Service and Technical Support
We provide our customers with training, installation support, ongoing customer service and technical support through our regional offices, distributors and local services providers, including employees located in our corporate headquarters in Yokneam, Israel, as well as employees located in our offices in Europe, South Africa and the United States. Our customer service teams in Yokneam provide central services to our global network. Our offices, distributors and local providers, in turn, provide customer service and technical support by telephone and email.
Sales and Marketing
In addition to selling our products and solutions through our distributors, we sell and market our products directly and through our regional offices. We market and sell our products in the Americas through our U.S.-based subsidiary, OTI America, in Africa, our subsidiary in South Africa, OTI PetroSmart, and in Europe, our subsidiary in Poland, OTI Europa Sp.z.o.o. In Israel and in regions where we do not have local subsidiaries or representatives, we market and sell through our main headquarters in Yokneam, Israel. Our marketing and sales staff implement marketing campaigns and programs to promote our products and services to enhance our global brand recognition. Our current marketing efforts include participation in digital events, webinars, press releases, websites, social media and client / distributor meetings. We also conduct technical seminars to inform sales staff, customers, distributors, business partners and other industry contributors of our unique products and innovative technologies.
Customers
Our customer base is concentrated into one large customer. The customer we consider to be our major customer and the percentage of our revenue represented by such major customer vary from period to period. In 2021 and 2020, such customer in North America accounted for 22% and 19%, respectively, of our total revenues for such periods. If we were to lose our major customer, or if our customer was to have difficulty meeting its financial obligations to us for any reason, our financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Manufacturing
We outsource all our manufacturing and product assemblies to third-party vendors. Whenever possible, our policy is to use more than one supplier and manufacturing subcontractor for each part of our production process in order to limit dependence on any one source.
We are ISO 9001:2015 certified. We require that our suppliers and subcontractors be ISO 9001:2015 certified. ISO 9001:2015 is an international standard promulgated by the International Standards Organization, which specifies requirements for a quality management system and provides guidance and tools for companies to ensure that their products and services consistently meet customer and regulatory requirements. This standard is updated from time to time pursuant to the international authorization requirements.
Government Regulation
Most of our products are subject to local electromagnetic compliance, or EMC/Radio regulations such as radiation, conducted emission and immunity, and safety regulations such as fire and electrical hazards, governed by low voltage standards for our regular readers and hazardous areas standards for our petroleum products. In the United States, EMC/Radio testing and certification for such products are governed by Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, Part 15 while safety testing and certification fall under the standards set by UL. In the rest of the world, where FCC and UL rules do not apply, we follow various international and local standards for EMC/Radio and safety. The compliance with these standards is assured by testing and certifying our products at various accredited labs and/or notified bodies located both in Israel and other countries (e.g., United States, Germany, South Africa, India, China, Brazil and more). Our products comply with the regulations in the markets in which we operate.
Research and Development
We believe that our future success depends on, among other things, our ability to maintain our technological leadership, enhance our existing products and develop new products, technologies and solutions. Accordingly, we intend to continue devoting substantial resources to research and development.
Our research and development activities focus on two major areas:
● developing new innovative technologies related to the contactless payment solutions market; and
● enhancing the functionality of our components and expanding the range of our products to serve new markets.
Our main research and development facilities are located at our headquarters in Israel. We believe that our success is based on our experienced team of senior engineers and technicians who have extensive experience in their respective fields. Our research and development facilities are ISO 9001:2015 certified.
Proprietary Technologies and Intellectual Property
Our success and ability to compete depend in large part upon protecting our proprietary technology and IP. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret law, as well as know-how, confidentiality agreements and other contractual relationships with our customers, employees, affiliates, agents, consultants, distributors and others.
Our IP portfolio includes issued patents with respect to our contactless technology, as well as trademarks and designs. As part of our efficiency program, we have reduced our investment in non-core patents and registrations. The expiration dates for our granted patents range between 2027 to 2033.
We do not know whether any issued patents will be enforceable against alleged infringers or will be upheld if their validity is challenged. We generally enter into non-disclosure agreements with our customers, partners, employees, consultants, suppliers and subcontractors, and generally control access to the distribution of our products, documentation and other proprietary information.
Competition
Our competition is with technology vendors that provide contactless payments solutions products and technologies:
● In the Kiosk, Micro markets and Vending markets, our competition includes unattended payment solution and technology providers such as ID Tech, Nayax and Ingenico.
● In the Petroleum Market, we compete with fueling and fleet management end-to-end solution vendors such as Orpak and Hectronic. As this domain has high entrance barriers, competition in this field is limited.
Employees
As of December 31, 2021, we had 82 employees.
We operate in accordance with the applicable law and the provisions of the general extension orders applying to labor and employment relations in Israel. These provisions principally concern the length of the working day, minimum wages for employees, contributions to pension funds or managers’ insurance, contribution to work disability insurance, convalescence, travel expenses, holidays and other conditions of employment. We provide our employees with benefits and working conditions above the required minimum and which we believe are competitive with benefits and working conditions provided by similar companies in our industry in Israel. Our employees are not represented by a labor union. We have written employment agreements with substantially all of our employees. Competition for qualified personnel in our industry is intense, and it may be difficult to attract or maintain qualified personnel to our offices. We dedicate significant resources to employee retention and have never experienced work stoppages, and we believe that our relations with our employees are good. Our subsidiaries located outside Israel operate in accordance with the local applicable labor laws and have written employment agreements with substantially all their employees.
SEC Filings
The SEC maintains an internet website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are also available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
We maintain a corporate website www.otiglobal.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website and the other websites referenced above do not constitute a part of this annual report on Form 10-K. We have included these website addresses in this annual report on Form 10-K solely as inactive textual references.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The following risk factors, among others, could in the future affect our actual results of operations and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by us in this Annual Report, press releases, SEC filings or elsewhere. Before you decide to buy, hold, or sell our Ordinary Shares, you should carefully consider the risks described below, in addition to the other information contained elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following risk factors are not the only risk factors facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed if any of the events underlying any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs. In that event, the market price for our Ordinary Shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Pending Merger
Failure to complete the Merger could results in our bankruptcy.
As discussed under “Item 1. Business - General Overview”, following the determination that we are insolvent from a cash flow standpoint, we filed a petition with the Israeli court to receive protection from our creditors. Considering our state of insolvency prior to the signing of the Term Sheet with Nayax, and further considering our debts to Nayax (created, among other things, by the provision of the Nayax Loan, repayment of a $2.0 million bank loan with a full guarantee of Nayax and exposure to a risk of not being able to conduct our business due to the loss of the guarantees provided by Nayax to our suppliers and subcontractors), failure to complete the merger contemplated under the Merger Agreement, or the Merger, is likely to lead to our inability to pay off our debts, in which case we may be forced to file a bankruptcy or winding-up petition with the Israeli court, or an involuntary bankruptcy petition will be filed against the Company by a creditor, in accordance with the Israeli Insolvency and Economic Rehabilitation Law-2018. In the event such petition is not dismissed, such petition may have an adverse effect on various aspects including, but not limited to, our ability to continue operating our business, the value of our ordinary shares and our shareholders’ ability to sell their holdings. It should be noted, that as part of the Nayax Loan and the Merger Agreement, until the termination of the Merger Agreement in accordance with the terms set forth therein, we are not allowed to incur debt or sell our securities without the prior written consent of Nayax, which will also impair our ability to raise funds if needed.
Failure to complete the Merger could negatively impact our share price, business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
The Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions, including, among others, the following:
● approval of the Merger Agreement by our shareholders;
● receipt of regulatory approvals, including receipt of the merger certificate from the Israeli Companies Registrar and the expiration or termination of any waiting period under Israeli law;
● there being no statute, judgment, injunction, order or decree prohibiting consummation of the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement;
● subject to specified materiality standards, the continuing accuracy of certain representations and warranties of each party;
● we shall (a) have taken all actions necessary to be eligible to cause the cessation of quotation of our ordinary shares on the Over-the-Counter Market and the termination of the registration thereof under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, in each case as soon as permissible after the effective time of the Merger, and (b) be able to provide all necessary certifications on Form 15 as of immediately after the effective time of the Merger (including without limitation having filed all necessary filings and reports to be current with the SEC (without regard to any extension under Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act)); and
● continued compliance by each party in all material respects with its covenants.
No assurance can be given that each of the conditions will be satisfied. In addition, the Merger Agreement may be terminated under the circumstances. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived in a timely manner and the Merger is delayed, payment of the Merger Consideration will also be delayed. Due to the our inability to pay our debts, which led to the Board’s determination of our insolvency and our petitioning to the Israeli court prior to entering into the Term Sheet, such delay may cause us to return to court and re-file a petition in accordance with the Israeli Insolvency and Economic Rehabilitation Law-2018, or the Insolvency Law. If the Merger is not completed (including in the case the Merger Agreement is terminated), our ongoing business may be adversely affected.
We also could be subject to litigation related to any failure to complete the Merger. If the Merger is not completed, these risks may materialize and may adversely affect the price of our ordinary shares, our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
The fact that there is a Merger pending could harm our business and results of operations.
While the Merger is pending, we are subject to a number of risks that may harm our business and results of operations, including:
● the diversion of the management and employee attention from our ongoing business operations;
● we may have difficulties retaining employees;
● we have and will continue to incur expenses related to the Merger prior to its closing;
● the disruption of current plans and operations;
● we may be unable to respond effectively to competitive pressures, industry developments and future opportunities; and
● Nayax is a competitor of some of our customers, which may bring these customers to look for alternatives for the services we provide them.
Our current employees may be uncertain about their future roles and relationships with us following completion of the Merger. This uncertainty may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel.
Failure to complete the Merger will require us to repay the Nayax Loan and the loan provided to us by U-Bank, supported by a guarantee provided by Nayax.
As contemplated by the Nayax Loan Agreement, The Nayax Loan is subject to 10% interest per year, and the accumulated interest and value added tax, if any, is payable quarterly commencing on April 1, 2022. The Nayax Loan matures on the second anniversary of the closing of the Nayax Loan Agreement and we cannot prepay it. At any time after the earlier of (i) an Event of Default (as defined under the Nayax Loan Agreement) or (ii) the completion of the Merger Agreement, and prior to the repayment of the Nayax Loan, Nayax is entitled, at its sole discretion, to convert the Nayax Loan into our ordinary shares at a price per share equals to $0.043. Failure to complete the Merger could either create dilution to the existing shareholders due to the Nayax’s conversion of the Nayax Loan into ordinary shares while Nayax will also become our controlling shareholder, or, if not converted, will require the repayment of the Nayax Loan. In addition, on March 1, 2022, Nayax provided U-Bank by the First International Bank of Israel Ltd., or U-Bank, a guarantee for the repayment of a loan in an amount of $2 million, provided to us by U-Bank, or the U-Bank Loan. Failure to complete the Merger will lead to a requirement for the repayment of the U-Bank Loan. In any event where we will be required to repay the Nayax Loan or the U-Bank Loan, we will need to either raise additional funds, which may be difficult considering our inability to raise funds without the prior written approval of Nayax unless the Merger Agreement is terminated, as stipulated under the Merger Agreement and the Nayax Loan Agreement, and further considering the circumstances. Failure to raise funds may lead to difficulties paying our suppliers and service providers as well as may hamper the repayment of loans (including the Nayax Loan) and any other debt incurred towards Nayax, and may, eventually, lead to either a creditor approaching the Israeli court petitioning to declare us insolvent in accordance with the Insolvency Law, or require us to file such petition.
Our obligation to pay a termination fee or reimburse Nayax’s expenses under certain circumstances and the restrictions on our ability to solicit or engage in negotiations with respect to other acquisition proposals may discourage other transactions that may be favorable to our shareholders.
Until the Merger is completed or the Merger Agreement is terminated, with limited exceptions, the Merger Agreement prohibits us from entering into, soliciting or engaging in negotiations with respect to acquisition proposals or other business combinations. In certain circumstances, we are required to pay Nayax a termination fee of $1,500,000. Furthermore, non-completion of the Merger would be considered an “event of default” under the Nayax Loan Agreement, which can result in either Nayax’s requirement for an immediate repayment of the Nayax Loan, or an increase of the interest on the Nayax Loan amount to 16% interest, at the Nayax’s sole discretion.
If the Merger is not consummated by July 1, 2022, Nayax may choose to terminate the transaction contemplated by the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances.
The Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. The fulfillment of certain of these conditions is beyond our control, such as the receipt of the approval of the Merger by our shareholders. If the Merger has not been completed by July 1, 2022, Nayax may terminate the Merger Agreement, except that the right to terminate the Merger Agreement in this circumstance will not be available to Nayax if its material breach of the Merger Agreement has been the principal cause of or resulted in the failure of the Merger to occur on or before such date and such action or failure constitutes a breach of the Merger Agreement.
If we experience significant delays in completing the Merger, we may need to seek additional capital to finance the business.
As agreed under the Term Sheet, Nayax has provided the Company with the Nayax Loan, while stating that additional loans may be provided, provided a guarantee to U-Bank for the U-Bank Loan and further assisted us by providing certain of our suppliers with guarantees for the purpose of ensuring that we are able to operate our business. If we experience significant delays in completing the Merger, we may be in default under the Nayax Loan Agreement which may lead to Nayax’s requirement for an immediate repayment of the Nayax Loan as well as its unwillingness to further support us and therefore, we may need to seek additional capital to finance our operations and for the possible repayment of the Nayax Loan, which additional capital may not be available when needed on acceptable terms, or at all. The failure to obtain such additional capital may have a material adverse effect on our ability to complete the Merger.
Some of our directors and officers have interests that may be perceived as different from the interests of our shareholders, and these persons may be deemed to have conflicts of interest in recommending to our shareholders to approve the Merger.
Some of the members of the management and our Board may have interests that may be perceived as different from, or in addition to, their interests as shareholders. These interests could cause members of our Board or our management to be perceived as having a conflict of interest in recommending approval of the Merger. The Board was aware of these interests and considered them, among other things, in evaluating and approving the Merger Agreement and the Merger and in recommending that the OTI shareholders adopt the merger agreement.
Risks Related to Our Business
We do not have enough existing cash resources to fund our operations for the next twelve months and if we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to seek strategic alternatives, including but not limited to reducing or ceasing our operations.
Our principal sources of liquidity since our inception have been revenues, proceeds from sales of equity securities, borrowings from banks, our shareholders and government, cash from the exercise of options and warrants and proceeds from the divestiture of parts of our businesses. We had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments representing bank deposits of $815,000, as of December 31, 2021. Based on the projected cash flows and our cash balances as of December 31, 2021, our management is of the opinion that without further fund raising or other increase in our cash, we will not have sufficient resources to enable us to continue our operations for a period of at least the next 12 months from the filing date of this Form 10-K. Furthermore, on January 7, 2022, our Board determined that we are insolvent from a cash flow perspective, before we received the Nayax Loan. As a result, there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have limitations on our ability to raise additional funds and to increase our cash under the Nayax Loan and the Merger Agreement.
If additional financing is not available when required or is not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, results of operations and financial condition. If we are unable to fund our operations without additional external financing and therefore cannot sustain future operations, we may be required to cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection, as we have done in the past.
We have a history of losses, and we expect to continue to incur full-year losses in 2022 and may further incur losses in subsequent years.
We have incurred losses in each year since we commenced operations in 1990. We reported net losses attributable to shareholders of $11,659,000 in 2021 and $6,133,000 in 2020. We expect to continue to incur full-year losses in 2022 and may incur losses also in subsequent years, as we invest in the expansion of our global sales and marketing network, shift our business model away from product sales towards services and transaction fees, and enhance our research and development capabilities to develop existing and new products.
We face risks resulting from a global shortage in the components required for the supply of our products.
As part of the different impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic, there has been a global shortage in various components, including in the components required for the production and supply of our products, which has led to an increase in the prices of such components, freight costs and to longer lead-times. Such shortage has made it harder for us to be able to supply orders made by customers, which impacted our revenues and the product gross margin, mainly in the retail segment. In order to mitigate the risk, we encouraged our customers to provide a forecast to their demand and continue to maintain a comprehensive network of worldwide suppliers in order to optimize our access to critical components. In addition, during last few months we have purchased a larger amount of such components to be used for the supply and sales later this year. However, these measures may not be sufficient to mitigate the aforementioned risks, and if the shortage continues, or even worsens, this may adversely impact our business. As long as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, and possibly also thereafter, the components’ lead-time may be longer than normal and the shortage in components may continue or become greater, which would adversely affect our business.
If the markets for our products do not grow, sales of our products may not grow and may even decline.
The success of our products depends on the continuing adoption of cashless payment solutions within a broad spectrum of industries including unattended retail, and fueling. Such adoption of cashless payment solutions and technologies depends on the enactment and implementation of regulations and industry standards regarding secure cashless payment. Should such industries fail to adopt cashless payment technologies or solutions or experience any economic downturn, or should regulations fail to support such solutions, the markets for our products may not grow and we may fail to achieve our business goals.
Additionally, potential customers, may already have installed systems that are based on technologies different from ours and therefore may be less willing to incur the capital expenditures required to install or upgrade to our products. As a result, we cannot assure that there will be sufficient market opportunities for our products. New technologies for payments different from ours might be adopted by the markets and could reduce the need for our payment solutions.
We depend on one large customer and the loss such customer would lower our revenues.
Our customer base is concentrated into one large customer. Our revenues may continue to depend on a limited number of major customers. The customer we consider to be our major customer and the percentage of our revenue represented by such major customer vary from period to period. In 2021 and 2020, such customer in North America accounted for 22% and 19%, respectively, of our total revenues for such periods. If we were to lose our major customer, or if our customer was to have difficulty meeting its financial obligations to us for any reason, our financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
We face intense competition. If we are unable to compete successfully, our business prospects will be impaired.
We face intense competition from developers of contact and contactless payments products. We compete on the basis of a range of factors including price, compatibility with the products of other manufacturers, and the ability to support new industry standards and introduce new reliable technologies. Many of our competitors have greater market recognition, larger customer bases, and substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution, and other resources than we possess. As a result, they may be able to introduce new products, respond to customer requirements and adapt to evolving industry standards more quickly than we can.
From time to time, we or our present or future competitors may announce new or enhanced products or technologies that have the potential to replace or shorten the life cycles of our existing products. The announcement of new or enhanced products may cause customers to delay or alter their purchasing decisions in anticipation of such products, and new products developed by our competitors may render our products obsolete or achieve greater market acceptance than our products.
If we cannot compete successfully with our existing and future competitors, we could experience lower sales, price reductions, loss of revenues, reduced gross margins and reduced market share.
If we fail to develop new products or adapt our existing products for use in new markets, our revenue growth may be impeded and we may incur significant losses.
Although we are devoting significant resources to develop new products and adapting our existing products for use in new markets, if we fail to develop our new products or adapt our existing products for existing or new markets, we may not recoup the expenses incurred in our efforts to do so, our revenue growth may be impeded and we may incur significant losses.
Our revenue growth may be impaired if we are unable to maintain our current, and establish new, strategic relationships.
The markets for our products are usually specialized and may require us to enter into strategic relationships in order to facilitate or accelerate our market penetration. We consider a relationship to be strategic when we integrate our technology into some of the product offerings of a business partner or engage a distributor that has a significant position in a specified market. Failure of our strategic partners to perform in a satisfactory manner or to meet their undertakings in the penetration of new markets, or the termination of any of our strategic relationships or our failure to develop additional relationships in the future may limit our ability to expand the markets in which our products are deployed or to sell particular products.
The terms of certain of our agreements may restrict our ability to take actions that we believe to be desirable.
Certain agreements that we have entered into with our distributors provide exclusivity for different time periods, ranging from several months to several years, or with respect to specific regions and/or products. For example, in certain markets, we sell our products through distributors who, in certain cases, have exclusive distribution rights in that market or certain territories if specified minimum volume commitments are met. The foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition if these partners do not perform in a satisfactory manner.
Our products may have long development and sales cycles and we may expend significant resources in relation to a specific project without realizing any revenues.
The development and sales cycles for our products vary from project to project. Typically, the projects in which we are involved are complex and require that we customize our products to our customers’ needs and specifications. We then conduct evaluation, testing, implementation and acceptance procedures and sometimes we are required to perform a long certification process for our products. Only after successful completion of these procedures and certifications will customers place orders for our products in commercial quantities. In addition, our sales contracts sometimes do not include minimum purchase commitments. We therefore cannot always ensure that product development will result in commercial sales. Our average development cycle is typically between six and 18 months from initial contact with a potential customer until we deliver commercial quantities to the customer and recognize significant revenues. As a result, we may expend financial, management and other resources to develop customer relationships before we recognize revenues, if any.
Defects in our products could harm our reputation, result in loss of customers and revenues or subject us to product liability claims.
Our products are highly technical and deployed as part of large and complex projects. As a result of the nature of our products, they can only be fully tested when fully deployed. Any defects in our products could result in harm to our reputation; loss of, or delay in, revenues; loss of customers and market share; failure to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance for our products; unexpected expenses to remedy such defects; and/or exposure to potential product liability claims.
While we currently maintain product liability insurance, we cannot be certain that this insurance will be sufficient to cover any successful product liability claim. Any product liability claim could result in changes to our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of a large deductible or co-insurance requirements. Any product liability claim in excess of our insurance coverage would have to be paid out of our cash reserves. Furthermore, the assertion of product liability claims, regardless of the merits underlying the claim, could result in substantial costs to us, divert management’s attention away from our operations and damage our reputation.
Delays or discontinuance of the supply of components or manufacturing and assembly of our products may hamper our ability to produce our products on a timely basis and cause short-term adverse effects.
Most of the components we use in our products are supplied by third-party suppliers and manufacturers. Some of these suppliers are single source manufacturers. Termination of manufacturing of a certain product, provision of services or support (commonly referred to as “end of life”), allocations due to high demand, or delays or shortages could interrupt and delay the supply of our products to our customers and may result in cancellation of orders for our products. Similarly, we do not always have long-term supply contracts under which our suppliers are committed to supply us with components at fixed or defined prices. Suppliers sometimes may increase component prices significantly without advance warning or could discontinue the manufacturing or supply of components used in our products. In addition, third party suppliers may face other challenges in fulfilling their contractual obligations with us which are beyond our control. Although we make efforts to identify and retain second source manufacturers and vendors, we may not always be able to develop alternative sources of supply and services. Even if we are able to identify such alternative sources, we may need to modify our products to render them compatible with other components. This may cause delays in product shipments, increase manufacturing costs and increase product prices.
Some of our suppliers and vendors are located in different countries and, therefore, we may experience logistical difficulties in our supply chain, including long lead times for receipt of products or components and shipping delays. In addition, our subcontractors may, on occasion, feel the impact of potential economic or political instability in their regions, which could affect their ability to supply us with components for our products in a timely manner.
If we are unable to protect or assert our intellectual property rights, our business and results of operations may be harmed.
Our success and ability to compete depend considerably on using our IP and proprietary rights to protect our technology and products. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, design, copyright, and trade secret laws, confidentiality agreements and other contractual relationships with our employees, customers, affiliates, distributors, suppliers and others. While substantially all of our employees are subject to non-compete agreements, these agreements may be difficult to enforce as a result of Israeli law limiting the scope of employee non-competition undertakings. We further note that the Israeli Supreme Court noted (in an obiter dictum) in 2012, without making any decisive ruling, that an employee who contributes to an invention during his employment could be allowed to seek compensation for it from their employer, even if the employee’s contract of employment specifically states otherwise and the employee has transferred all intellectual property rights to the employer. The Israeli Supreme Court considered the possibility that a contract that revokes the employee’s right for royalties and compensation may not necessarily foreclose the right of the employee to claim a right for royalties. As a result, even if the Company believes that none of its employees has any rights in any of the Company’s intellectual property, or to receive royalties, it is unclear if, and to what extent, our employees may be able to claim compensation with respect to our future revenue. As a result, we may receive less revenue from future products if such claims are successful, or incur additional royalty expenses, which in turn could impact our future profitability.
Our patent portfolio includes registered patents and pending patents applications mainly in U.S. encompassing, among others, product applications, system and product architecture and product concepts. We cannot be certain that patents will be issued with respect to any of our pending or future patent applications or that the scope of our existing patents, or any future patents that are issued to us, will provide us with adequate protection for our technology and products. Others may challenge our patents or patent applications as well as our registered trademarks and other intellectual property rights. We do not know whether any of them will be upheld as valid or will be enforceable against alleged infringers. Thus, we do not know whether they will enable us to prevent or hinder the development of competing products or technologies. Moreover, patents provide legal protection only in the countries where they are registered, and the extent of the protection granted by patents varies from country to country.
The measures we have taken to protect our technology and products may not be sufficient to prevent their misappropriation by third parties or their independent development by others of similar technologies or products. If our patents and other intellectual property rights do not adequately protect our technology, competitors may be able to offer products similar to our products more easily. Our competitors may also develop competing technology by designing around our patents and thereafter manufacturing and selling products that compete directly with ours, which would harm our business, financial position and results of operations.
In order to protect our technology and products and enforce our patents and other proprietary rights, we may need to initiate, prosecute or defend litigation and other proceedings before courts and patent and trademark offices in multiple countries. Significant resources may be required to support such litigation.
If we fail to adhere to regulations and security standards imposed by credit card networks, or if our products are not certified or otherwise fail to comply with such regulations and security standards (such as payment card industry standards, etc.) or if our customers fail to take proper protective measures and hold us liable for the consequences, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
We are required by some of our customers to meet industry standards imposed by payment systems standards-setting organizations such as EMV, credit card associations such as Visa, MasterCard, Discover and other credit card associations and standard-setting organizations such as the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council, and other local organizations. Furthermore, some of our offerings are subject to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards, which are a set of multifaceted security standards that are designed to protect credit card and personal information as mandated by payment card industry entities. Even though we attempt to protect our company through our contracts with our customers, we have limited oversight or control over the actions and practices of our clients and other third-party service providers.
New standards are continually being adopted or proposed as a result of worldwide anti-fraud initiatives, encryption of cardholder or personal information, the increasing need for system compatibility and technology developments such as wireless, optical fiber infrastructure, telecommunication, virtual private network, or VPN, VPN infrastructure, satellite-based communication and another wireline IP communication. We cannot ensure that we will be able to design our solutions to comply with future standards or regulations on a timely basis, if at all. Compliance with these standards could increase the cost of developing or producing our products, while non-compliance may harm our reputation or result in customer and client claims. New products designed to meet any new standards need to be introduced to the market and ordinarily need to be certified by the credit card associations and our customers before being purchased. The certification process is costly and time-consuming and increases the amount of time and resources it takes to sell our products, as well as the product development cycle time and cost. Selling products that are non-compliant may result in fines against us or our customers, which we may be liable to pay. After selling and/or installation of a system or a product, the customer is responsible for any operational aspect of such system or product ensuring them from unexpected crashes.
In addition, even if our products are designed to be compliant, compliance with certain security standards is determined on the basis of the network environment in which our customers and service providers install our products. Therefore, such compliance depends upon additional factors such as the proper installation of the components of the environment (including our systems, compliance of software and system components provided by other vendors), implementation of compliant security processes and business practices and adherence to such processes and practices.
Our business and financial condition could be adversely affected if we do not comply with new or existing industry standards and regulations or obtain or retain necessary regulatory approval or certifications in a timely fashion, or if compliance results in increasing the cost of our products.
Our products may infringe on the IP rights of others.
It is not always possible to know with certainty whether or not the manufacture and sale of our products or the licenses we are granted from third parties infringe patents or other IP rights owned by third parties. Third parties may, from time to time, claim that our products infringe on their patent or other IP rights. In addition, if third parties claim that our customers are violating their IP rights, our customers may seek indemnification from us or may terminate their relationships with us.
IP rights litigation is complex and costly, and we cannot be sure of the outcome of any litigation. Even if we prevail, the cost of litigation could harm our results of operations. In addition, litigation is time-consuming and could divert our management’s attention and resources away from our business. If we do not prevail in such litigation, in addition to any damages we might have to pay, we might be required to discontinue the use of certain processes, cease the manufacture, use and sale of infringing products and solutions, and expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology or obtain licenses on unfavorable terms. In addition, some licenses are non-exclusive and, therefore, our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us.
Our international sales and operations are subject to complex laws relating to foreign corrupt practices and bribery, among many other subjects. A violation of, or change in, these laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our operations in countries outside the U.S. are subject, among others, to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 as amended from time to time, or FCPA, which prohibits U.S. companies or foreign companies which their shares are traded on a U.S. stock exchange, or their agents and employees from providing anything of value to a foreign public official as defined in the FCPA for the purposes of influencing any act or decision of these individuals in their official capacity to help obtain or retain business, direct business to any person or corporate entity, or obtain any unfair advantage. We have internal control policies and procedures with respect to the FCPA. However, we cannot assure that our policies and procedures will always protect us from reckless or criminal acts that may be committed by our employees or agents. Violations of the FCPA may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations and consolidated financial condition. In addition, investigations by governmental authorities as well as legal, social, economic, and political issues in countries where we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business and consolidated results of operations. We are also subject to the risks that our employees or agents outside of the U.S. may fail to comply with other applicable laws. The costs of complying with these and similar laws may be significant and may require significant management time and focus. Any violation of these or similar laws, intentional or unintentional, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We use third parties’ goods and services from time to time. Although we make efforts to ensure the service quality, we cannot control the actions of such third parties, and therefore we may be subject to claims and risks.
We depend on third-party service providers, suppliers, and licensors to supply some of the services, hardware, software and operational support necessary to provide some of our services. If these vendors experience operating or financial difficulties or are otherwise unable to provide the equipment or services we need fully or in a timely manner, at our specifications and at reasonable prices, our ability to provide some services might be materially adversely affected, or the need to procure or develop alternative sources of the affected materials or services might delay our ability to serve our customers. These events could materially and adversely affect our ability to retain and attract customers, and have a material negative impact on our operations, business, financial results and financial condition.
We may have to adapt our products in order to integrate them into our customers’ systems if new government regulations or industry standards are adopted or current regulations or standards are changed.
Some of our products and/or future products under development are or may be subject to government or international regulation in the countries in which they are used. Some of our systems are also required to meet safety regulation standards. In addition, governmental or international certification for the systems into which our products are integrated may be required. If there is a change in government regulations or industry standards, we may have to make significant modifications to our products and, as a result, could incur significant costs and may be unable to deploy our products in a timely manner.
In addition, prior to purchasing our products, some customers may require us to receive or obtain a third-party certification, or occasionally certify our products by ourselves, that our products can be integrated successfully into their systems or comply with applicable regulations. In some cases, in order for our products, or for the system into which they are integrated, to be certified, we may have to make significant product modifications. Furthermore, receipt of third-party certifications may not occur in a timely manner or at all. Failure to receive third-party certifications could render us unable to deploy our products in a timely manner or at all, which may adversely affect our operations, business, financial results and financial condition.
We have certain operations in countries that may be adversely affected by political or economic instability.
We are a company with worldwide operations. In addition to being headquartered in Israel, we derive a certain portion of our sales and future growth from regions such as Latin America, Eastern Europe and Africa, which may be more susceptible to political or economic instability.
Certain portions of our operations are conducted outside the markets in which our products are sold, and accordingly, we often import a substantial number of products into such markets. We may, therefore, be denied access to our customers or suppliers or denied the ability to ship products from any of our sites as a result of a closing of the borders of the countries in which we sell our products, or in which our operations are located, due to economic, legislative or political conditions. This could have a material negative impact on our operations, business, financial results and financial condition.
Due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and in light of sanctions imposed by certain countries on Russia, our Board guided our management to halt sales to Russian customers. As a result, our revenues will be adversely impacted
We derive a portion of our revenues from sales to resellers that are not the end-users of our products. We are dependent, to a certain extent, on the ability of these resellers to maintain their existing business and secure new business.
Some of our revenues are derived from sales to customers and distributors that incorporate our products into systems which they supply and install for use by their end-use customers. While we view such resellers as our final customers, our revenues may decline if the efforts of these resellers fail in their efforts to sell their products or to resell our products. Further, the faulty or negligent implementation and installation of our products by our customers or their end-use customers may harm our reputation and dilute our brand name. We are one step removed from the end-users of our products, and therefore it may be more difficult for us to rectify damage to our reputation caused by resellers that have direct contact with end-users. In addition, termination of agreements with resellers or revocation of exclusive distribution rights within certain countries might be difficult. If we are unable to maintain our current relationships with resellers or develop relationships with new resellers, we may not be able to sell our products, and our results of operations could be impaired.
While we also sell directly to end-users, our future success will depend upon the timing and size of future purchases by resellers and the success of their products and services for which they use our products.
We are exposed to credit risk with some of our customers and to credit exposures and currency controls, which could result in material losses.
A significant portion of our net revenues is on an open credit basis that we provide to our customers. While we assess collectability for revenue recognition purposes on a regular basis, credit risks may be higher and collections may be more difficult to enforce, and future losses due to inability to collect some or a major part of future revenues, if incurred, could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, to the extent that any uncertainty in the global economy makes it more difficult for some customers to obtain financing, our customers’ ability to pay could be adversely impacted, which in turn could have a material adverse impact on our business, cash flows, operating results, and financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
Failure to meet the Standards for Continued Qualification for the OTCQX International Tier as per the OTCQX Rules for International Companies could result in moving the Company’s securities to the OTC Pink and eventually cause limited liquidity and a lower price per share.
On February 16, 2022, we received a notice from the OTC Markets Group stating that we failed to meet the standards for continued qualification for the quotation of our shares on the OTC Markets, as our per share minimum bid price was lower than $0.10 and our market capitalization has stayed below $5,000,000 for more than 30 consecutive days. We were given a cure period of 180 days during which we must meet the applicable criteria for 10 consecutive trading days. In the event that such criteria are not met during the cure period, our securities will be moved from the OTCQX International to OTC Pink, which might result in a more limited liquidity and price of our securities, and might make it harder for you to sell your shares. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established or sustained.
Our share price has fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate in the future.
The market price of our Ordinary Shares has fluctuated significantly and may continue to do so. The market price of our Ordinary Shares may be significantly affected by factors such as the announcements of new products or product enhancements by us or our competitors, technological innovations by us or our competitors or periodic variations in our results of operations. In addition, any statements or changes in estimates by analysts covering our shares or relating to the industries in which we operate could result in an immediate effect that may be adverse to the market price of our shares.
Trading in shares of companies listed on OTCQX in general, and trading in shares of technology companies in particular, has been subject to extreme price and volume fluctuations that have been unrelated or disproportionate to operating performance. These factors may depress the market price of our Ordinary Shares, regardless of our actual operating performance.
Securities litigation has also often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. In the future, we may be the target of similar litigation that could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
There is a limited market for our Ordinary Shares, and the trading price of our Ordinary Shares is subject to volatility.
Our Ordinary Shares began trading on the OTCQX in October 2019, following the delisting of our Ordinary Shares from the Nasdaq Capital Market. Because our Ordinary Shares are no longer listed on a registered national securities exchange, we are subject to certain “blue sky” laws of the various states which impose restrictions on our ability to offer and sell our securities. These “blue sky” laws may make it more difficult for us to raise capital or to issue our Ordinary Shares for equity compensation or other strategic purposes, which could adversely affect our ability to fund our operations or to attract and retain employees. In addition, our Ordinary Shares may be defined as a “penny stock” under Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act. “Penny stocks” are subject to Rule 15g-9, which imposes additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that sell low-priced securities to persons other than established customers and institutional accredited investors. For transactions covered by this rule, a broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale. Consequently, the rule may affect the ability of broker-dealers to sell our Ordinary Shares and affect the ability of holders to sell their Ordinary Shares in the secondary market. To the extent our share is subject to the penny stock regulations, the market liquidity for the Ordinary Shares will be adversely affected.
We may need additional funds in the future and our share price could be adversely affected by future sales of our Ordinary Shares.
We experienced an immediate need to raise funds and on January 27, 2022, we entered into the Nayax Loan, which, according to the Merger Agreement, will, following the completion of the Merger, become our parent company. Under the Loan Agreement we received from Nayax a loan in the amount of $5,500,000, or the Nayax Loan Amount. Non-completion of the Merger would be considered an “event of default” under the Nayax Loan Agreement, which can result in Nayax’s requirement for an immediate repayment of the Nayax Loan Amount, or an increase of the annual interest on the Nayax Loan Amount from 10% to 16%, at Nayax’s sole discretion. At any time after the earlier of (i) an event of default, as contemplated in the Nayax Loan Agreement, or (ii) the completion of the Merger Agreement, and prior to the repayment of the Nayax Loan Amount, Nayax is entitled, at its sole discretion, to convert the Nayax Loan Amount into ordinary shares of the Company at a price per share equal to $0.043. Failure to complete the Merger could create, among other things discussed above, dilution to the existing shareholders.
Our shareholders could experience dilution of their ownership interest by reason of our issuing more shares.
Under Israeli law, shareholders in public companies do not have preemptive rights unless those rights are provided pursuant to a contract. This means that generally our shareholders do not have the legal right to purchase shares in a new issue before they are offered to third parties. However, pursuant to the terms and provisions of the share purchase agreement, or the Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 23, 2019, Ivy has a right to purchase any future equity securities offered by us, except with respect to certain exempt issuances as set forth in the Share Purchase Agreement. As a result, our shareholders could experience dilution of their ownership interest by reason of our raising additional funds through the issuance of Ordinary Shares.
We do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any return to investors is expected to come, if at all, only from potential increases in the price of our Ordinary Shares. The payment of any dividends by the Company is solely at the discretion of our Board and based on the conditions set forth in the Israeli Companies Law, 1999, or the Companies Law.
Risks Related to Conducting Business in Israel
Provisions of Israeli law may make it easy for our shareholders to demand that we convene a shareholders meeting, and/or allow shareholders to convene a shareholder meeting without the consent of our management, which may disrupt our management’s ability to run our company.
Section 63(b) of the Companies Law may allow any one or more of our shareholders holding at least 5% of our voting rights to demand that we convene an extraordinary shareholders meeting. Also, in the event that we choose not to convene an extraordinary shareholders meeting pursuant to such a request, Sections 64-65 of the Companies Law provide, among others, that such shareholders may independently convene an extraordinary shareholders meeting within three months (or under court’s ruling) and require us to cover the costs, within reason, and as a result thereof, our directors might be required to repay us such costs. If our shareholders decide to exercise these rights in a way inconsistent with our management’s strategic plans, our management’s ability to run our company may be disrupted, and this process may entail significant costs to us.
Potential political, economic and military instability in the State of Israel, where our senior management and a majority of our facilities are located, may adversely affect our results of operations.
Our headquarters and principal offices, and a substantial portion of our operations, are located in the State of Israel. In addition, all of our officers are residents of Israel, Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel directly affect our business.
Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could affect adversely our operations. Ongoing and revived hostilities or other Israeli political or economic factors could harm our operations, product development and results of operations.
Although Israel has entered into various agreements with Egypt, Jordan, the Palestinian Authority and with various states in the Persian Gulf, there has been a continuous unrest and terrorist activity with varying levels of severity, the most recent of which was the armed conflict with Hamas in May 2021. In addition, Israel faces threats from more distant neighbors, in particular, Iran. Our insurance policies do not cover us for the damages incurred in connection with these conflicts or for any resulting disruption in our operations. The Israeli government, as a matter of law, provides coverage for the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war; however, the government may cease providing such coverage or the coverage might not be enough to cover potential damages. In the event that hostilities disrupt the ongoing operation of our facilities or the airports and seaports on which we depend to import and export our supplies and products, our operations may be materially adversely affected.
Several countries, principally in the Middle East, still restrict doing business with Israel and Israeli companies, and additional countries may impose restrictions on doing business with Israel and Israeli companies, whether as a result of hostilities in the region or otherwise. In addition, there have been increased efforts by activists to cause companies, research institutions and consumers to boycott Israeli goods and cooperation with Israeli-related entities based on Israeli government policies. Such actions, particularly if they become more widespread, may adversely impact our ability to cooperate with research institutions and collaborate with other third parties. Any hostilities involving Israel, any interruption or curtailment of trade or scientific cooperation between Israel and its present partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may also be targeted by cyber terrorists specifically because we are an Israeli-related company.
Finally, many Israeli citizens are obligated to perform several days, and in some cases more, of annual military reserve duty each year until they reach the age of 40 (or older, for reservists who are military officers or who have certain occupations) and, in the event of a military conflict, may be called to active duty. In response to increases in terrorist activity, there have been periods of significant call-ups of military reservists. It is possible that there will be military reserve duty call-ups in the future. Our operations could be disrupted by such call-ups, which may include the call-up of members of our management. Such disruption could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
The Israeli government programs in which we currently participate, and the Israeli tax benefits we are currently entitled to, require us to meet several conditions, and they may be terminated or reduced in the future. This could increase our costs and/or our taxes.
We are entitled to certain tax benefits under Israeli government programs, largely as a result of the “Approved Enterprise” status granted to some of our capital investment programs by the Israeli Ministry of Finance, and due to eligibility of tax benefits under the “Preferred Enterprise” routes. These benefits include tax exemption or reduced tax rates. Without such benefits, our taxable income would be taxed at the regular corporate tax rate (23% in 2021). To maintain our eligibility for these tax benefits, we must continue to meet conditions, including making specified investments in property, plant, and equipment and maintaining a certain minimum level of export sales. We cannot assure that we will continue to be eligible for these tax benefits at the same rate or at all. The termination or reduction of these programs and tax benefits could increase our taxes, once we become profitable, and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Because we received grants from the Israeli Innovation Authority, we are subject to ongoing restrictions relating to our business.
In the past, we have received royalty-bearing grants from the Israeli Innovation Authority (formerly the Office of the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Economy), or the IIA, for research and development of certain of our products. We are obligated to pay royalties with respect to the grants that we received. In addition, the terms of the IIA grants limit our ability to manufacture products or transfer technologies outside of Israel if such products or technologies were developed using know-how developed with or based upon IIA grants. Pursuant to the Israeli Encouragement of Research and Development in the Industry Law, we and any non-Israeli who becomes a holder of 5% or more of our share capital are generally required to notify the IIA and such non-Israeli shareholder is required to undertake to observe the law governing the grant programs of the IIA, the principal restrictions of which are the transferability limits described above.
The terms of grants we received from the Israeli government for certain of our research and development activities may require us, in addition to the payment of royalties, to satisfy specified conditions in order to manufacture products or transfer technologies outside of Israel. We may also be required to pay penalties in addition to repayment of the grants.
Our research and development efforts, during the period between 1999 and 2006, were financed in part through royalty-bearing grants that we received from the IIA. As of December 31, 2021, we received a total of approximately $7 million from the IIA. The total amount of grants received as of December 31, 2021, net of royalties paid, was approximately $3.4 million (including accrued interest). With respect to such grants, we are committed to pay the IIA royalties at a rate of 3%-3.5% from our sales, up to the total amount of grants received, linked to the dollar and bearing interest at an annual rate of LIBOR applicable to dollar deposits. The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced in July 2017 that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for LIBOR after 2021. In September 2021, the Bank of Israel, which determines annual interest rates, published a directive which stated that annual interest at a variable rate linked to the LIBOR rate for loans in U.S. dollars will be replaced by the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or the SOFR, in June 2023. It is not clear as of yet whether the IIA will replace the LIBOR with SOFR and when. While it is not currently possible to determine precisely whether, or to what extent, the replacement of LIBOR with SOFR would affect us, the implementation of SOFR may increase our financial liabilities to the IIA.
Even following full repayment of the IIA grants, we are required to comply with the requirements of the Israeli Encouragement of Industrial Research and Development Law, 5744-1984, and related regulations, or the Research Law. When a company develops know-how, technology or products using IIA grants, the terms of these grants and the Research Law restrict the transfer of such know-how, and the transfer of manufacturing or manufacturing rights of such products, technologies or know-how outside of Israel, without the prior approval of the IIA. Therefore, if aspects of our technologies are deemed to have been developed with IIA funding, the discretionary approval of an IIA committee would be required for any transfer to third parties outside of Israel of IIA-supported know-how or manufacturing or manufacturing rights related to those aspects of such technologies, and may result in payment of increased royalties (both increased royalty rates and increased royalty ceilings) and/or payment of additional amounts to the IIA. We may not receive such approvals. Furthermore, the IIA may impose certain conditions on any arrangement under which it permits us to transfer technology or development out of Israel (including for the purpose of manufacturing). Licensing IIA-supported technologies may, under certain circumstances, be considered a transfer of know-how and therefore may require approval as aforementioned.
The transfer of IIA-supported technology, manufacturing or manufacturing rights or know-how outside of Israel may involve the payment of additional amounts depending upon the value of the transferred technology or know-how, the amount of IIA support, the time of completion of the IIA-supported research project and other factors up to a maximum of six times the amount of the grants received. These restrictions and requirements for payment may impair our ability to sell our technology assets outside of Israel or to outsource or transfer development or manufacturing activities with respect to any product or technology outside of Israel.
Furthermore, the consideration available to our shareholders in a transaction involving the transfer outside of Israel of technology or know-how developed with IIA funding (such as a merger or similar transaction) may be reduced by any amounts that we are required to pay to the IIA.
Our obligations and limitations pursuant to the Research Law are not limited in time and may not be terminated by us at will.
It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us, our officers and directors or to assert U.S. securities law claims in Israel.
We are incorporated in Israel. Some of our executive officers are not residents of the United States, and a substantial portion of our assets is located outside of the United States. Therefore, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to enforce a U.S. court judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws in an Israeli court against us or any of these persons or to affect service of process upon these persons in the United States. Additionally, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to enforce civil liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws in original actions instituted in Israel.
Provisions of Israeli law may delay, prevent or make undesirable an acquisition of all or a significant portion of our shares or assets.
The Companies Law regulates acquisitions of shares through tender offers, requires special approvals for transactions involving shareholders holding 25% or more of a company’s capital, and regulates other matters that may be relevant to these types of transactions. These provisions of Israeli law could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial to our shareholders. These provisions may limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for our Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions undesirable to us or to some of our shareholders.
General Risk Factors
Our Board and committees do not currently meet the requirements mandated under the Israeli Companies Law.
Due to the resignation of three members of the Board during December of 2021, including the resignation of an external director on December 26, 2021, the resignation of the Board’s chairperson on December 28, 2021 and the resignation of an additional director on December 30, 2021, our Board’s composition does not meet the Companies Law’s requirements for a public company’s composition of the board of directors. Section 114 of the Companies Law mandates that a public company is required to appoint an audit committee, while Section 115 of the Companies Law provides that the audit committee should be comprised of a minimum of three members, including all acting external directors of the board and at least a majority of independent directors. Section 115 also mandates that the chairman of the board will not be a member of the audit committee. Section 118A of the Companies Law further mandates a requirement for public companies to appoint a compensation committee, while applying the same requirements as to the composition thereof. Following the resignation of three members of the Board, there are only three members remaining on our Board, one of which was appointed chairman in accordance with the requirements of Section 94(a) of the Companies Law. Due to the fact that a chairman may not serve as a member of the audit or compensation committees, and that such committees must include two members who are external directors, while we have one external director only, the Board does not meet the Companies Law’s requirements with respect to the structure of such committees.
In addition, Section 239(b) of the Companies Law determines that external directors of a public company shall be appointed at a general meeting of shareholders. Due to this requirement of Section 239(b), we are currently unable to appoint a replacement to the external director who resigned in order to bring ourselves to be in compliance with the requirements of the Companies Law. An additional factor which prevents us from being able to comply with requirements of the Companies Law is the fact that due to our financial state, the acting directors receive minimal compensation while they deal with a greater exposure to complaints relating to their fiduciary duties, which are duties of directors set under the Companies Law and the Israeli case law.
Furthermore, our Articles of Association provide under Article 4.2 that the number of the directors on the Board shall not be fewer than five. Article 4.2.11 provides that if the number of directors falls below the minimum number, the remaining directors shall be entitled to act solely in order to (i) fill in the vacant position, (ii) in order to convene a general meeting of the Company’s shareholders or (iii) act to manage the Company’s affairs solely in matters that cannot be delayed.
Due to the structural issues described above, we may not be able to pass certain resolutions that may be beneficial to us.
If we fail to hire, train and retain qualified research and development personnel, our ability to enhance our existing products, develop new products and compete successfully may be materially and adversely affected.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to hire and train qualified research and development personnel. Individuals who have expertise in research and development in our industry are scarce. Competition for such personnel is intense, particularly in Israel. Consequently, hiring, training and retaining such personnel is time-consuming and expensive. If we fail to hire, train and retain employees with skills in research and development, we may not be able to enhance our existing products or develop new products.
Security breaches and system failures could expose us to liability, harm our business or result in the loss of customers.
We retain sensitive data, including intellectual property, books of record and personally identifiable information, on our networks. It is critical to our business strategy that our infrastructure and other infrastructure we use to host our solutions remain secure, do not suffer system failures and are perceived by customers and partners to be secure and reliable. Despite our security measures, our infrastructure and the third-party infrastructure we use to host our solutions may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or other disruptive problems. Any security breach or system failure may compromise information stored on our networks. Such an occurrence could negatively affect our reputation as a trusted provider of the affected solutions.
Changes in international markets and difficulties with international operations could harm our business.
We derive revenues from different geographical areas. Our ability to maintain our position in existing markets and/or to penetrate new, regional and local markets is dependent, in part, on the stability of regional and local economies. Our regional sales may continue to fluctuate widely and may be adversely impacted by future political or economic instability in these or other foreign countries or regions.
In addition, there are inherent risks in these international operations which include, among others:
● changes in regulatory requirements and communications standards;
● changes in external political policies, such as embargos based on manufacturing origin;
● political and economic instability;
● required licenses, tariffs and other trade barriers;
● difficulties in enforcing IP rights across, or having to litigate disputes in, various jurisdictions;
● difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
● potentially adverse tax consequences;
● the burden of complying with a wide variety of complex laws and treaties in various jurisdictions; and
● business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism (as well as the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine), or natural disasters including the recent spread of the coronavirus, earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and fires.
If we are unable to manage the risks associated with our focus on international sales, our business may be harmed.
Currency fluctuations could adversely affect our results of operations.
We generate a significant portion of our revenues in U.S. Dollars, but we incur some of our expenses in other currencies. Our principal non-U.S. Dollar expenses are for Israeli employees’ salaries, which are in New Israeli Shekels, or NIS. Our subsidiary in Poland, OTI Europa Sp.z.o.o incurs expenses in Polish Zloty and our subsidiary in South Africa, OTI PetroSmart, incurs expenses in South African Rand. To the extent that we and our subsidiaries conduct our business in different currencies, our revenues and expenses and, as a result, our assets and liabilities, are not necessarily accounted for in the same currency. We are therefore exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These fluctuations may negatively affect our results of operations. Our operations could also be adversely affected if we are unable to limit our exposure to currency fluctuations in the future.
To mitigate the risk of financial exposure to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the U.S. Dollar against the NIS or other currencies, we may enter into currency hedging transactions. However, these measures may not adequately protect us from material adverse effects resulting from currency fluctuations. In addition, if we wish to maintain the U.S. Dollar-denominated value of sales made in other currencies, any devaluation of the other currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar would require us to increase our other currency denominated selling prices which could negatively affect our sales.
The general economic outlook may adversely affect our business.
Our operations and performance depend on worldwide economic conditions and their impact on levels of business and public spending. Fluctuations or downturns in global or regional economies may adversely affect the budgeting and purchasing behavior of our customers and our potential customers, including shifting customers’ purchasing patterns to lower-cost options, which could adversely affect our product sales.
In addition, uncertainties in financial and credit markets may adversely affect the ability of our customers, suppliers, distributors and resellers to obtain financing for significant purchases and operations and to fulfill their contractual obligations with us. As a result, we could encounter, among other adverse effects, a decrease in or cancellation of orders for our products, and an increase in additional reserves for uncollectible accounts receivable being required.
We may be adversely affected by the effects of inflation.
Inflation has the potential to adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial position and liquidity by increasing our overall cost structure, particularly if we are unable to achieve commensurate increases in the prices we charge our customers. The existence of inflation in the economy has the potential to result in higher interest rates and capital costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor and other similar effects. As a result of inflation, we have experienced and may continue to experience, increases in our costs associated with operating our business including labor, equipment and other inputs. Although we may take measures to mitigate the impact of this inflation through pricing actions, if these measures are not effective our business, results of operations, financial position and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when these beneficial actions impact our results of operations and when the cost inflation is incurred. Additionally, the pricing actions we take could result in loss of customers or a decrease in sales.
We may fail to maintain effective internal control in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes certain duties on us and our executives and directors. Our efforts to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and in particular with Section 404, have resulted in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention, and we expect these efforts to require the continued commitment of resources. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting. Although our management has determined that we had effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, we may identify material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our future internal control over financial reporting. In addition, as a smaller reporting company, our internal control over financial reporting is not required to be audited by our independent registered public accounting firm. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in investigation or sanctions by regulatory authorities and could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, investor confidence in our reported financial information, and the market price of our Ordinary Shares.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
We lease approximately 700 square meters in Yokneam, Israel, which serves as our headquarters. This lease expires on January 31, 2025 with an option of a 5-year extension which shall begin on February 1, 2025 and ends on January 31, 2030. We also lease approximately 250 square meters in Rosh Pina, Israel, where our research and development functions are located. This lease will expire on August 30, 2023 subject to three one-year options of extension.
We believe that the current space we have is adequate to meet our current and near future needs.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
For information with respect to legal proceedings to be disclosed under this Item, see Note 10E to the consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not Applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our Ordinary Shares are quoted on the OTCQX Market under the symbol “OTIVF”. As detailed under Item 1 above, we received a notice from the OTC Markets Group stating that we failed to meet the standards for continued qualification for the quotation of our shares on the OTC Markets. If we fail to meet the OTC Market’s criteria within 180 days from the date of the notice, our securities will be moved from the OTCQX International to OTC Pink.
Record Holders
Based on a review of the information provided to us by our transfer agent, as of April 4, 2022, there were 22 holders of record of our Ordinary Shares. This number may not be representative of the actual number of beneficial holders of our shares since many of our Ordinary Shares are held of record by brokers or other nominees.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved].

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.
Overview
We are a leading developer of contactless payment solutions, NFC technology based, for the unattended market. We have been a technology leader since 1990, providing systems, devices and services to operators and integrators with solutions and components that are simple to implement.
To date, we have deployed over one million payment solutions to our focused unattended markets: self-service kiosk, micro-markets and vending machines, entertainment and gaming, ATM, Mass Transit Ticketing Validation, and fuel payments.
We operate through regional offices, supporting clients and payment industry partners with its unique contactless payment solutions.
On April 21, 2021, we sold our Polish subsidiary, ASEC S.A., or ASEC, including our Mass Transit Ticketing activity in Poland. The consideration for the sale of ASEC was equal to $3,000,000, of which approximately $2,100,000 was used to repay Polish bank loans, and which was reduced by an agreed amount of approximately $300,000 due to working capital adjustments. Following this sale of ASEC, we now operate in two segments (1) Retail, and (2) Petroleum.
On January 10, 2022, we filed a petition, or the Petition, with the Israeli county court of Nazareth, or the Court, seeking protections from our creditors in accordance with the Israeli Insolvency and Economic Rehabilitation Law-2018, after our Board determined that we are insolvent from a cash flow perspective.
On January 19, 2022 we entered into a binding term sheet, or the Term Sheet, with Nayax. The Term Sheet provides that we and Nayax will enter into a two-step transaction relating to (i) Nayax extending to us a senior secured convertible loan, or the Nayax Loan; and (ii) the purchase by Nayax of 100% of our share capital in consideration for $4,500,000. Consequently to the entry into the Term Sheet, and at our request, the Court dismissed the Petition.
On January 27, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement and debenture relating to the Nayax Loan. On March 17, 2022, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Merger Agreement, with Nayax and OTI Merger Sub Ltd., an Israeli company, wholly owned by Nayax, or Merger Sub, pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into our company, with our company surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Nayax, in exchange for $4,500,000 in cash.
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel on February 15, 1990, under the name of De-Bug Innovations Ltd., with unlimited duration. Our name was changed to On Track Innovations Ltd. on July 8, 1991. We are registered with the Israeli Registrar of Companies, under registration number 52-004286-2 and our Ordinary Shares are currently quoted on the OTCQX® market, or OTCQX, under the symbol OTIVF.
Year ended December 31, 2021, compared to year ended December 31, 2020
Sources of Revenue
We have historically derived a substantial majority of our revenues from the sale of our products, including both complete systems and original equipment manufacturer components. In addition, we generate revenues from licensing and transaction fees, and also, less significantly, from engineering services, customer services, and technical support. During the past two years, the revenues that we have derived from sales and from licensing and transaction fees have been as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Sales $ 13,278 $ 11,392
Software as a Service (SaaS) $ 1,597 $ 1,350
Total revenues $ 14,875 $ 12,742
Sales. Sales increased by $2.1 million, or 17%, in 2021 compared to 2020. The increase in 2021 compared to 2020, is mainly attributed to an increase in Retail sales in the Americas and Europe, partially offset by a decrease in sales of Retail products in APAC.
SaaS. Software as a service, or SaaS, revenues include monthly payments for a set of different software applications such as Terminal Management Systems, Payment gateway, and other software applications for the Retail segment, and a separate set of applications for fuel management systems supporting the Petroleum segment. The increase of $247,000 in 2021, or 18%, compared to 2020, is mainly attributed to an increase in our revenues in both segments, mainly in our Retail segment.
We have historically derived revenues from different geographical areas. The following table sets forth our revenues, by dollar amount (in thousands) and as a percentage of annual revenues in different geographical areas, during the past two years:
Year ended December 31, Americas Europe Africa APAC
$ 7,202 49 % $ 4,335 29 % $ 1,502 10 % $ 1,836 12 %
$ 4,574 36 % $ 4,233 33 % $ 1,520 12 % $ 2,415 19 %
Our revenues from sales in the Americas increased by $2.6 million, or 57%, in 2021 compared to 2020, mainly due to an increase in Retail sales to the United States market. Our revenues from sales in Europe increased by $102,000, or 2%, in 2021 compared to 2020, mainly due to an increase in Retail sales. Our revenues from sales in Africa remained consistent. Our revenues from sales in APAC decreased by $579,000, or 24%, in 2021 compared to 2020, mainly due to a decrease in Retail sales.
Our revenues derived from territories outside the United States, which are primarily received in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, have a varying impact upon our total revenues, as a result of fluctuations in such currencies’ exchange rates versus the U.S. Dollar.
Due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and in light of sanctions imposed by certain countries on Russia, our Board guided our management to halt sales to Russian customers. As a result, our revenues will be adversely impacted.
The following table sets forth our revenues, by dollar amount (in thousands) and as a percentage of annual revenues by segments, during the past two years:
Year ended December 31, Retail Petroleum
$ 12,223 82 % $ 2,652 18 %
$ 10,174 80 % $ 2,568 20 %
Revenues in 2021 from the Retail segment increased by $2.0 million, or 20%, compared to 2020, mainly attributed to an increase in Retail sales in APAC, the United States and Europe. Revenues in 2021 from the Petroleum segment decreased by $84,000, or 3%, compared to 2020, mainly due to a decrease in Petroleum sales in Africa.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin
Our cost of revenues, presented by gross profit and gross margin percentage, for each of the past two years has been as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Cost of revenues
Cost of sales $ 10,848 $ 7,641
Gross profit $ 4,027 $ 5,101
Gross margin percentage 27 % 40 %
Cost of sales. Cost of sales consists primarily of materials, as well as salaries, fees to subcontractors and related costs of our technical staff that assemble our products. The cost of sales in 2021 compared to 2020 increased by $3.2 million, or 42%, that resulted primarily from an increase in sales and an increase in the cost of components due to a global components shortage as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gross margin. The decrease in gross margin in 2021 compared to 2020, is mainly attributed to an increase of cost of components due to a global shortage of components as part of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Operating expenses
Our operating expenses for each of the past two years have been as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Operating expenses
Research and development $ 3,718 $ 3,531
Selling and marketing $ 2,893 $ 3,233
General and administrative $ 3,383 $ 3,017
Total operating expenses $ 9,994 $ 9,781
Research and development. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of the salaries and related expenses of our research and development staff, as well as subcontracting expenses and depreciation of long-lived assets. The increase of $187,000, or 5%, in 2021 compared to 2020, is primarily attributed to an increase in expenses relating to employees.
Selling and marketing. Our selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and substantially all the expenses of our sales and marketing and offices in the United States, South Africa, Europe and Israel, as well as expenses related to advertising, professional expenses and participation in exhibitions and tradeshows and doubtful accounts expenses. The decrease of $340,000, or 11%, in 2021 compared to 2020, is primarily attributed to a decrease in employment expenses and provision for doubtful accounts.
General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses of our executive management and financial and administrative staff. These expenses also include costs of our professional advisors (such as legal and accounting), office expenses and insurance. The increase of $366,000, or 12%, in 2021 compared to 2020, is primarily attributed to an increase in professional expenses.
Financing expenses, net
Our financing expenses, net, for each of the past two years, have been as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Financial expenses deriving from a convertible short-term loan from shareholders $ 3,748 $ 90
Other financial expenses, net $ 387 $ 280
Financing expenses, net $ 4,135 $ 370
Financing expenses consist primarily of interest payable on loans, bank commissions, foreign exchange losses and financial expenses deriving from a convertible short-term loan received from shareholders. Financing income consists primarily of foreign exchange gains and interest earned on investments in short-term deposits. The increase in financing expenses, net, of $3.7 million in 2021 compared to 2020 is mainly attributed to transaction expenses related to a convertible short-term loan received from shareholders, partially offset by exchange rate differentials.
Income tax benefit, net
Our income tax benefit, net for each of the past two years, have been as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Income tax benefit, net $ 13 $ 10
The increase in our tax benefit, net, of $3,000, or 30%, in 2021 compared to 2020 is mainly attributed to income tax benefit due to previous years as recognized by our South African subsidiary in 2020.
Net loss from continuing operations
Our net loss from continuing operations for each of the past two years has been as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Net loss from continuing operations $ 10,089 $ 5,040
The increase of net loss from continuing operations of $5.0 million , or 200%, in 2021 compared to 2020 is mainly due to an increase in non-cash financing expenses relating to the loan provided by shareholders, and to a lesser degree due to a decrease in gross profit that resulted primarily from an increase in components costs which derives from a global components shortage caused due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses.
Net loss from discontinued operations
Our net loss from discontinued operations for each of the past two years has been as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Net loss from discontinued operations $ (1,570) $ (1,093)
Our net loss from discontinued operations for the reporting periods are presented in the statements of operations as discontinued operations separately from continuing operations. The increase in the net loss from discontinued operations of $477,000, or 44% in 2021, compared to 2020, is mainly due to a re-classification of an amount of $746,000 of exchange differences on translation from other comprehensive loss to net loss from discontinued operations made due to completion of the sale of ASEC, and net expenses relating to the settlement of the litigation with Merwell Inc. and SuperCom Ltd.
Net loss
Our net loss for each of the past two years has been as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Net loss $ (11,659 ) $ (6,133 )
The increase of $5.5 million, or 90%, in net loss in 2021 compared to 2020, is mainly due to an increase in non-cash financing expenses derived from the loan provided by shareholders, an increase in loss from discontinued operations and to a lesser degree due to a decrease in gross profit that resulted primarily from an increase in components costs derived from a global components shortage as part of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Accordingly, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and results of operations. To fully understand and evaluate our reported financial results, we believe it is important to understand our revenue recognition policy, our policy with respect to discontinued operations and our policy with respect to contingent consideration.
Revenue recognition. We generate revenues from our product sales manufactured based on our technology. In addition, we generate revenues from the technology we developed through transaction fee arrangements and licensing agreements. Revenues are also generated from non-recurring engineering, customer services and technical support. Based on Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customer, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.
Our cost of warranty that the product will perform according to certain specifications and that we will repair or replace the product if it ceases to work properly, is insignificant and is treated according to accounting guidance for contingencies.
Discontinued operations. Upon divestiture of a business, the Company classifies such business as a discontinued operation, if the divested business represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results.
For disposals other than by sale such as abandonment, the results of operations of business would not be recorded as a discontinued operation until the period in which the business is actually abandoned.
We have concluded that the divestiture of the SmartID division and the Mass Transit Ticketing activity qualify as discontinued operations and therefore have been presented as such.
The results of businesses that have qualified as discontinued operations have been presented as such for all reporting periods. Results of discontinued operations include all revenues and expenses directly derived from such businesses; general corporate overhead is not allocated to discontinued operations.
Any loss or gain that arose from the divestiture of a business that qualifies as discontinued operations have been included in the results of the discontinued operations.
We also present cash flows from discontinued operations separately from cash flows of continuing operations.
Assets and liabilities of discontinued operations that have not yet been actually sold are presented on the balance sheet in one line item. Assets and liabilities of such discontinued operations are not offset and are presented as such only for the current year balance sheet.
Contingent consideration. Certain sale arrangements consist of contingent consideration based on the divested business future sales or profits. We record the contingent consideration portion of the arrangement when the consideration is determined to be realizable.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, our principal sources of liquidity have been revenues, proceeds from sales of equity securities, borrowings from banks, the Israeli government and shareholders, including convertible loans, proceeds from the exercise of options, and warrants as well as proceeds from the divestiture of parts of our businesses. We had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments representing bank deposits of $815,000, as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, we also have a payable balance on our short-term bank loan, that is due within the next 12 months of approximately $2.1 million and a convertible short-term loan from shareholders (including a controlling shareholder) including accrued interest, of approximately $1.7 million. On January 10, 2022, we filed the Petition with the Court seeking protections from our creditors in accordance with the Israeli Insolvency and Economic Rehabilitation Law-2018, after our Board determined that we are insolvent from a cash flow perspective. However, following the signing of the agreement relating to the Nayax Loan, such Petition was dismissed and all amounts due under the convertible loan from shareholders (including our controlling shareholder) and the bank loan, were paid in full. Subsequent to the balance sheet date, we received the new convertible loan from Nayax in the amount of $5.5 million. In addition, Nayax has provided us with a full guarantee for a $2.0 million short-term loan provided to us by a bank which bears an annual interest rate of SOFR plus 2.45%, which is being rolled over on a monthly basis (i.e., repaid and re-provided on a monthly basis), and additional guarantees to our suppliers and subcontractors to allow us to maintain our ongoing production and sale of our products.
The situation in Poland resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, led to an almost complete stop to our Mass Transit Ticketing sales business, which negatively impacted our cash flow. On April 21, 2021, we completed the sale of ASEC, including our Mass Transit Ticketing activity.
In the event where the Merger is not completed, under certain circumstances, we will be required to pay Nayax a termination fee of $1.5 million. Furthermore, non-completion of the merger would be considered an “event of default” under the Nayax Loan Agreement, which can result in Nayax’s requirement for an immediate repayment of the Nayax Loan Amount, or an increase of the annual interest on the Nayax Loan Amount from 10% to 16% interest, at Nayax’s sole discretion. We will also be required to repay the bank loan provided with Nayax’s guarantee and would be exposed to a risk of not being able to conduct our business due to the loss of the guarantees provided by Nayax to our suppliers and subcontractors. Based on the projected cash flows and our cash balances as of December 31, 2021, we believe that without: (1) the completion of the Merger and increase of our cash by receiving additional loans from Nayax (at Nayax’s sole discretion) under the terms set under the Nayax Loan Agreement; or (2) other increase in our cash, we will not have sufficient resources to enable us to continue our operations for a period of at least the next 12 months, and may need to commence insolvency proceedings. As a result, there is a substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.
In connection with the outbreak of COVID-19, we have taken steps to protect our workforce in Israel, the United States, Poland, South Africa and elsewhere. Such steps include working from home where possible, minimizing face-to-face meetings, utilizing video conferencing as much as possible, social distancing at facilities and elimination of most international travel. We continue to comply with all local health directives.
The global shortage in components, which caused an increase in components prices, freight cost and longer lead-time, created a delay in fulfilling customers’ orders, which impacted our revenues and product gross margin, mainly in the Retail segment. As a response to this business environment, we encouraged our customers to provide a forecast for their demand. We continue to maintain a comprehensive network of world-wide suppliers in order to optimize our access to critical components. As long as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, and possibly also thereafter, the components’ lead-time may be longer than normal and the shortage in components may continue or get worse.
It is difficult to predict with certainty what other impacts the COVID-19 pandemic may have on us.
As of December 31, 2021, our and certain of our subsidiaries’ manufacturing facilities and certain equipment have been pledged as security in respect of a loan received from a bank. Our short-term deposits in the amount of $105,000 have been pledged as security in respect of guarantees granted. Such deposits cannot be pledged to others or withdrawn without the consent of the bank.
As of December 31, 2021, we granted a guarantee to the lessor of our headquarters in Israel in amount of $112,540 whose expiration date is May 2024.
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had a negative cash flow from continuing operations of $5.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
Operating activities related to continuing operations
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in continuing operating activities was $5.6 million primarily due to a $10.1 million net loss from operating activities, a $2.3 increase in trade receivables, a $727,000 increase in inventories, a $438,000 increase in other receivables and prepaid expenses, a $61,000 change in accrued interest and linkage differences, net, $13,000 of deferred tax benefits, net, and a $13,000 change in accrued severance pay, net, partially offset by $3.7 million of transaction expenses related to a convertible short-term loan received from shareholders, a $3.0 million increase in trade payables, a $766,000 increase in other current liabilities, $378,000 of depreciation and amortization, and a $100,000 non-cash expense due to stock-based compensation issued to employees and others.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in continuing operating activities was $1.9 million primarily due to a $5.0 million net loss from operating activities, a $212,000 decrease in other current liabilities and a $36,000 of deferred tax benefits, net, partially offset by a $1.0 million increase in trade payables, a $989,000 decrease in trade receivables, a $541,000 decrease in inventories, $419,000 of depreciation and amortization, a $115,000 decrease in other receivables and prepaid expenses, a $110,000 change in accrued interest and linkage differences, net, $90,000 of transaction expenses related to convertible short-term loan received from Ivy, a $67,000 non-cash expense due to stock-based compensation issued to employees and others and a $65,000 change in accrued severance pay, net.
Investing and financing activities related to continuing operations
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in continuing investing activities was $247,000, due to purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by continuing investing activities was $1.8 million, mainly due to a $2.2 million net change in short-term investments, partially offset by $407,000 of purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by continuing financing activities was $3.9 million, mainly due to $3.2 million in proceeds from the issuance of ordinary shares as part of a rights offering, net of issuance costs, a $923,000 convertible short-term loan received from our controlling shareholder, net of transaction costs, and a $18,000 long-term loan received, partially offset by a $174,000 decrease in short-term bank credit, net, and a $7,000 repayment of long-term bank loans.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by continuing financing activities was $1.7 million, mainly due to $1.4 million in proceeds from the issuance of Ordinary Shares, net of issuance costs, and a $578,000 convertible short-term loan received from our controlling shareholder, net of transaction costs, partially offset by a $215,000 decrease in short-term bank credit, net, and $7,000 repayment of long-term bank loans.
We raised additional funds and increased our cash, cash equivalents and long-term investments in a gross amount of $3.3 million by closing a rights offering, or the Rights Offering, on May, 19, 2021, under which we offered our existing shareholders to purchase additional ordinary shares in consideration for a lower exercise price than the quoted share price in the active market. The Rights Offering was oversubscribed and generated $3.3 million in gross proceeds. The issuance costs derived for the Rights Offering were approximately $128,000. As part of the Rights Offering, we issued an aggregate of 18,965,516 ordinary shares for $0.174 per share.
As contemplated by the Nayax Loan Agreement, the Nayax Loan is subject to 10% interest per year, and the accumulated interest and value added tax, if any, is payable quarterly commencing on April 1, 2022. The Nayax Loan matures on the second anniversary of the closing of the Nayax Loan Agreement and we are not permitted to prepay it. At any time after the earlier of (i) an Event of Default (as defined under the Nayax Loan Agreement) or (ii) the completion of the Merger Agreement, and prior to the repayment of the Nayax Loan, Nayax is entitled, at its sole discretion, to convert the Nayax Loan into our ordinary shares at a price per share equal to $0.043.
On March 1, 2022, we received the U-Bank Loan in the amount of $2 million for which Nayax provided us with a full guarantee, which bears an annual interest rate of a SOFR plus 2.45%, which is being rolled over on a monthly basis (i.e., repaid and re-provided on a monthly basis).
Operating, Investing and financing activities related to discontinued operations
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in discontinued operating activities was $2.1 million, mainly related to a payment of $2.0 million to Merwell Inc., as part of a settlement agreement.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in discontinued operating activities was $2.1 million, mainly related to the Mass Transit Ticketing operation, as well as an amount of $482,000 derived from a payment to Harel, an insurance company, due to a legal proceeding.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by discontinued investing activities was $2.9 million, mainly related to $1.6 million derived from a settlement with SuperCom Ltd., including earn-out consideration, and $2.7 million consideration for the sale of ASEC, partially offset by cash and cash equivalents as held by ASEC at the closing date of its sale.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in discontinued investing activities was $948,000, mainly related to the purchase of property and equipment for the Mass Transit Ticketing activity.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in discontinued financing activities was $380,000, related to repayment of a short-term bank loan for the Mass Transit Ticketing operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by discontinued financing activities was $1.2 million, mainly related to loans received for the Mass Transit Ticketing activity.
Market Risks
Market risks relating to our operations result primarily from changes in interest rates and currency fluctuations. In order to limit our exposure, we may enter, from time to time, into various non-speculative derivative transactions. Our objective is to reduce exposure and fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates and foreign currency rates. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes.
Interest Rate Risks
We are exposed to market risks resulting from changes in interest rates, primarily in connection with our loan obligations to banks. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to interest rate risks. As of December 31, 2021, we had a short and long term loan obligations of $2,090,000 and $26,000, respectively, the vast majority of which are subject to variable interest rates. The carrying values of the loans are equivalent to or approximate their fair market value as they bear interest at approximate market rates.
Impact of Inflation and Currency Fluctuations
Our functional and reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar. We generate a certain portion of our revenues, and we incur some of our expenses in other currencies. As a result, we are exposed to the risk that the rate of inflation in countries in which we are active other than the United States will exceed the rate of devaluation of such countries’ currencies in relation to the dollar or that the timing of any such devaluation will lag behind inflation in such countries. To date, we have been affected by changes in the rate of inflation or the exchange rates of other countries’ currencies compared to the dollar, and we cannot assure you that we will not be adversely affected in the future.
The inflation was 2.8% in 2021 in Israel. The annual rate of deflation in Israel was 0.7% in 2020. The NIS revaluated against the U.S. Dollar by approximately 3.0% and 7.0% in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Government of Israel Support Programs
Until 2005, we participated in programs offered by the IIA that supports research and development activities. From our inception through 2007, we received grants totaling approximately $7.0 million (excluding accrued interest) from the IIA, and as of December 31, 2021, we repaid approximately $6.0 million in respect of refundable projects. Under the terms of these programs, a royalty of 3%-3.5% of the sales of products must be paid to the IIA, beginning with the commencement of sales of products developed with grant funds and ending when the dollar value of the grant (including interest based on annual rate of LIBOR applicable to dollar deposits) is repaid. In 2006, we decided to cease our participation with the IIA.
Royalties payable with respect to grants received under programs approved after January 1, 1999, however, will be subject to interest on the dollar-linked value of the total grants received at an annual rate of LIBOR applicable to dollar deposits. As of December 31, 2021, we have received a total of $3.4 million from the IIA net of royalties paid to it (or accrued for).
Local Manufacturing Obligation
The terms of the Encouragement of Research, Development and Technological Innovation in the Industry Law, 5744-1984 (formerly known as the Law for the Encouragement of Research and Development in Industry 5744-1984), and the regulations, guidelines, rules, procedures and benefit tracks thereunder, collectively, the Innovation Law, also require that the manufacturing of products developed with government grants be performed in Israel unless the IIA has granted special approval. Such approval is not required for the transfer of up to 10% of the manufacturing capacity in the aggregate, in which case a notice must be provided to the IIA and not objected to by the IIA within 30 days of such notice. If the IIA consents to the manufacture of the products outside of Israel, we may be required to pay increased royalties, ranging from 120% to 300% of the amount of the IIA grant, depending on the percentage of foreign manufacture.
These restrictions continue to apply even after we have paid the full amount of royalties payable with respect of the grants. Based upon the aggregate grants received to date, we expect that we will continue to pay royalties to the IIA to the extent of our sales of our products and related services for the foreseeable future. Separate IIA consent is required to transfer to third-parties technologies developed through projects in which the government participates. These restrictions do not apply to exports from Israel of products developed with these technologies.
Know-How Transfer Limitation
The Innovation Law restricts the ability to transfer know-how funded by the IIA outside of Israel. Transfer of IIA funded know-how outside of Israel requires prior approval of the IIA and may be subject to payments to the IIA, calculated according to formulae provided under the Innovation Law. The redemption fee is subject to a cap of six times the total amount of the IIA grants, plus interest accrued thereon (i.e. the total liability to the IIA, including accrued interest, multiplied by six). If we wish to transfer IIA funded know-how, the terms for approval will be determined according to the nature of the transaction and the consideration paid to us in connection with such transfer.
Approval of transfer of IIA funded know-how to another Israeli company may be granted only if the recipient abides by the provisions of the Innovation law and related regulations, including the restrictions on the transfer of know-how and manufacturing rights outside of Israel.
Change of Control
Any non-Israeli citizen, resident or entity that, among other things, (i) becomes a holder of 5% or more of our share capital or voting rights, (ii) is entitled to appoint our directors or our chief executive officer or (iii) serves as one of our directors or as our chief executive officer (including holders of 25% or more of the voting power, equity or the right to nominate directors in such direct holder, if applicable) is required to notify the IIA and undertake to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to the grant programs of the IIA, including the restrictions on transfer described above.
Approval to manufacture products outside of Israel or consent to the transfer of IIA funded know-how, if requested, is within the discretion of the IIA. Furthermore, the IIA may impose certain conditions on any arrangement under which it permits us to transfer IIA funded know-how or manufacturing out of Israel.
The consideration available to our shareholders in a future transaction involving the transfer outside of Israel of know-how developed with IIA funding (such as a merger or similar transaction) may be reduced by any amounts that we are required to pay to the IIA.
Further Updates Relating to the IIA Grants
We have a dispute with the IIA in the amount of approximately NIS 3.6 million ($1.1 million) including accrued interest (while the current debt to the IIA as presented in our financial statements amounts to approximately $180,000) due to a claim of the IIA about miscalculations in the amount of royalties paid by us and the revenues on which we must pay royalties. We have not yet completed our discussions with the IIA and intend to exhaust all options in order to resolve this matter in a favorable manner. We believe that, at the current stage, it is more likely than not that a positive resolution will be applied to this dispute. Accordingly, no additional accrual has been recorded in the financial statements in respect of this matter.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Our financial statements are stated in thousands of United States dollars and are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The following audited consolidated financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, dated April 13, 2022.
Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, are responsible for establishing and maintaining our disclosure controls and procedures (within the meaning of Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). These controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information was made known to our management, including our CEO and CFO, by others within the Company, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We evaluated these disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision of our CEO and CFO as of December 31, 2021. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of such date.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting policies and procedures are designed under the supervision of the CEO and CFO to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the financial reporting and preparation of the financial statements for the external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report regarding internal control over financial reporting was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2021, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Our Directors and executive officers, as of the date hereof, together with their ages and business backgrounds are as follows:
Name
Age
Position(s) Held
William C. Anderson III (1)(3)
Chairman of the Board of Directors
Uri Arazy (1)(2)
Director
Leonid Berkovitch (1)(2)(3)(4)
Director
Amir Eilam
Chief Executive Officer
Assaf Cohen
Chief Financial Officer
(1) Independent Director under Nasdaq rules
(2) Member of Compensation Committee
(3) Member of Audit Committee
(4) External director under the Companies Law
Directors
William C. Anderson III has served as a director since 2014, and as Chairman of our Board since December 2021. Mr. Anderson is the founder of AmpThink LLC, a wireless solutions company focused on building large, complex, wireless networks employing different technologies, and has been acting as the President of AmpThink LLC since its incorporation in 2011. Prior to AmpThink, Mr. Anderson was co-founder of Genesta, a wireless systems integrator specializing in the design and deployment of warehouse automation systems, where Mr. Anderson from 2000 to 2011 acted as Chief Technology Officer. Mr. Anderson holds a degree in Economics and Philosophy from Boston College and a Master’s degree in Management Science from The State University of New York.
Uri Arazy has served as a director since March 2021. He served in a variety of positions in Intel Corporation between 1984 and 2019. Between 2005 and 2019, Mr. Arazy served as an Investment Director of Intel Capital Israel. In the past five years, Mr. Arazy invested and served on the board of directors of technology startups including WSC Sports Technologies, Interlude, Spotinst, Moovit, Velostrata, Cloudify and Gigaspaces. Mr. Arazy holds a B.A. in Computer Science from Queens College, NY, an M.Sc. in Computer Science from Columbia University, NY, an M.B.A. from Tel Aviv University and Northwestern University and an M.A. in Security and Diplomacy from the Tel Aviv University.
Leonid Berkovitch has served as an External Director since April 2020. Mr. Berkovitch has nearly 30 years of experience in the smart card industry, having worked in leading technology companies in areas including telecom, e-transactions and digital security. From 1996 to 2004, Mr. Berkovitch served as a Senior Vice President Sales EMEA, Marketing & Product lines Director in the Test & Transactions Division of Schlumberger Limited (NYSE: SLB). From 2004 to 2006, Mr. Berkovitch served as a Business Unit Director for Axalto. From 2006 to 2011, Mr. Berkovitch served as a Managing Director Emerging Businesses for Gemalto N.V. Mr. Berkovitch joined Orange Group at the end of 2011 and served as a Vice-President Product Marketing in Viaccess-Orca (an affiliate company of Orange) until 2018. Since 2018, he has been Director IoT, Connected Home at Orange’s Corporate Unit and since the end of 2020, he has been a Senior Director; Connectivity at Orange Business Services. Mr. Berkovitch holds a Master of Science degree in Telecommunication Engineering from the State University of Telecommunications of Saint-Petersburg.
Executive Officers
Amir Eilam was appointed as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer effective November 3, 2021. Since 2012 and until his appointment as Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Eilam served as our VP of research and development. Before that Mr. Eilam started working in the embedded software department as a research and development engineer, then managed the Firmware and Petroleum departments, specializing in operating system design for embedded products since 2005. Mr. Eilam holds a B.Sc. in Electronics Engineering from Ort Braude College of Engineering in Israel.
Assaf Cohen was appointed as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer effective February 27, 2018 and served also as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer from July 2019 to November 2019. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Cohen served as the Company’s controller and deputy Chief Financial Officer from July 2015 and oversaw the Company’s finance department in this capacity. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Cohen was a controller at a private company, Samgal Ltd., for a year and a half and prior to that he was a senior accountant at Ernst & Young. Mr. Cohen received a B.A. in economics and accounting from the Haifa University, and he is a Certified Public Accountant in Israel.
Board Practices
Election of Directors; Appointment of Officers
Our Board currently consists of three directors. Our non-External Directors are appointed, removed or replaced by a majority vote of our shareholders present in person or by proxy at a general meeting of our shareholders according to the Companies Law and our Articles of Association.
Once elected at a shareholders’ meeting, our directors, except for External Directors, hold office until the first general meeting of shareholders held at least three years after their election. Incumbent directors may be reelected at that meeting. A director may be elected for consecutive terms unless prohibited by law.
Under the Companies Law, neither the Chief Executive Officer of a public company nor a family member thereof or any person directly or indirectly subordinate to the Chief Executive Officer, may serve as a Chairman of the Board, and vice versa unless authorized by a general meeting of the shareholders according to the required vote pursuant to the Companies Law and then only for a period of time that does not exceed three years.
Our Board appoints our Chief Executive Officer and his terms of employment are approved by the general shareholders meeting according to the provisions of the Companies Law. With the exception of our Chief Executive Officer and our directors, each of our executive officers serves at the discretion of our Chief Executive Officer, subject to the terms of any employment agreement, and holds office until his or her successor is elected or until his or her earlier resignation or removal.
Board Leadership Structure
Mr. Eilam is our Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Anderson is Chairman of our Board. As Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Mr. Eilam reports to the Board. None of our independent directors serves as the lead independent director. We believe that this leadership structure is appropriate given the current size and operations of the Company.
Risk Oversight
Our Board’s role in risk oversight includes risk analysis and assessment in connection with each financial and business review, update and decision-making proposal and deliberations.
The Board’s role in our risk oversight is consistent with our leadership structure, with our Chief Executive Officer, whose performance is assessed by the Board, and other members of senior management having responsibility for assessing and managing our risk exposure, and the Board providing oversight in connection with those efforts.
The Board, including the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee, periodically reviews and assesses the significant risks to the Company. Our management is responsible for the Company’s risk management process and the day-to-day supervision and mitigation of risks. These risks include strategic, operational, competitive, financial, legal and regulatory risks. Our Board leadership structure, together with the frequent interaction between our directors and management, assists in this effort. Communication between our Board and management regarding long-term strategic planning and short-term operational practices include matters of material risk inherent in our business.
The Board plays an active role, as a whole and at the committee level in overseeing management of the Company’s risks. Each of our Board committees is focused on specific risks within their areas of responsibility, but the Board believes that the overall enterprise risk management process is more properly overseen by all of the members of the Board. The Audit Committee is responsible, among other things, for overseeing the management of financial and accounting risks, risks related to the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, risks in regard to the independent auditor’s performance of its internal audit function, evaluation of any inadequacies in the business management of the Company and risks in related-party transactions. The Compensation Committee is responsible, among other things, for overseeing the management of risks relating to executive and employee compensation plans, incentive awards and other beneficial arrangements. While each committee is responsible for the evaluation and management of such risks, the entire Board is regularly informed through committee reports. The Board incorporates the insight provided by these reports into its overall risk management analysis.
The Board administers its risk oversight responsibilities through the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, who, together with management representatives of the relevant functional areas review and assess the operations of the Company as well as operating management’s identification, assessment and mitigation of the material risks affecting our operations.
As of December 31, 2021, following the resignation of three directors, our Audit and Compensation committees do not meet the requirements of the Companies Law.
External Directors
Under the Companies Law, companies incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel whose shares were offered to and are traded by the public, such as us, must appoint at least two External Directors, unless they qualify and choose to adopt the exemption specified in Regulation 5D of the Israeli Companies Regulations (Relief for Public Companies with Shares Listed for Trading on a Stock Market Outside of Israel), 5760-2000, or the Exemption Regulations. We no longer qualify for the Exemption Regulations. As of December 31, 2021, and following the resignation of Mr. Zvi Atlas, who was elected to serve as an External Director on December 2, 2021, we only have one External Director serving, Mr. Leonid Berkovitch and therefore, we do not currently comply with the requirements of the Company’s Law. In light of the contemplated Merger and taking into account our current financial state and the lack of interest of potential candidates, we do not plan to appoint or elect additional directors. Based on the information provided to us, Mr. Berkovitch qualifies as an External Director under the Companies Law.
The Companies Law provides that a person may not be appointed as an External Director if the person is a relative of the controlling shareholder of the company or if the person (or any of the person’s relatives, partners, employers or anyone to whom the person is directly or indirectly subjected to or any entity under the person’s control) has or had during the two years preceding the date of appointment any affiliation with the company, its controlling shareholder, any of the controlling shareholder’s relatives, any other entity under the control of the company or the company’s controlling shareholder, and, where there is no controlling shareholder and no shareholder holding 25% or more of the voting power of the company, any affiliation to the chairman of the board of directors of the company, the company’s chief executive officer, any beneficial owner of 5% or more of the issued shares or the voting power of the company or the most senior executive officer of the company in the finance field.
The term affiliation includes: an employment relationship, a business or professional relationship maintained on a regular basis, control, and service as an office holder, excluding service as a director in a private company prior to the first offering of its shares to the public, if such director was appointed as a director of the private company in order to serve as an External Director following the public offering.
“Office holder” is defined in the Companies Law as a chief executive officer, chief business manager, deputy general manager, vice general manager, any person who holds such position in the company, even if such person holds a different title, any director and other manager or officer who reports directly to the chief executive officer.
No person can serve as an External Director if his or her position or other business interests create, or may create, a conflict of interest with his or her responsibilities as an External Director or may otherwise interfere with his or her ability to serve as an External Director.
No person can serve as an External Director if the person (or any of the person’s relatives, partners, employers, anyone to whom the person is directly or indirectly subjected to or any entity under the person’s control) has business or professional relations with anyone the affiliation with whom is prohibited by the Companies Law, even if those affiliations are not of an ongoing nature, excluding negligible affiliations.
Our External Director is required to possess professional qualifications as set out in regulations promulgated under the Companies Law. In addition, our Board is required to determine how many of our non-External Directors should be required to have financial and accounting expertise. In determining such number, the Board must consider, among other things, the type and size of the company and the scope and complexity of its operations.
Under the Companies Law, each of our External Directors must also serve on our Audit Committee and Compensation Committee, unless we qualify and choose to adopt the exemption specified in Regulation 5D of the Exemption Regulations. Due to the resignation of three of our directors, and due to having only one acting External Director, our Audit and Compensation Committees do not meet the requirements of the Companies Law.
Under the Companies Law, until the lapse of two years from termination of office (and with respect to a relative of an External Director who is not the External Director’s spouse or child, one year from termination of office), we, our controlling shareholders and any corporation in their control, may not grant a person who served as an External Director of the company, or to its spouse or child, any benefit, directly or indirectly, and may not engage a person who served as an External Director of the company, or its spouse or child, as an office holder of the company or an entity under the control of the company’s controlling shareholder and cannot employ or receive services from that person, either directly or indirectly, including through a corporation controlled by that person.
Mr. Berkovitch has no relationship with us besides serving on our Board.
If, at the time an External Director is appointed, all current members of the Board, who are not controlling shareholders or family members thereof, are of the same gender, then that External Director must be of the other gender. The requirement of Israeli residency does not apply to the External Directors of companies whose shares are listed for trading outside of Israel.
External Directors are elected by a majority vote at a shareholders’ meeting at which either the majority of shares voted at the meeting, including at least a majority of the shares held by non-controlling shareholders disinterested with respect to the interests of controlling shareholders voted at the meeting, vote in favor of the election of the External Director, or the total number of shares held by non-controlling shareholders disinterested with respect to the interests of controlling shareholders voted against the election of the External Director does not exceed two percent of the aggregate voting rights in the company.
The initial term of an External Director is three years commencing from the date of his or her election and under regulations that apply to Israeli companies whose shares that have been offered to the public outside of Israel or traded on a stock exchange outside of Israel, may be extended for consecutive additional three year periods (unlike other public companies, in which only two additional three year periods are allowed). External Directors may only be removed by the same percentage of shareholders as is required for their election, or by a court, and then only if the External Directors cease to meet the statutory qualifications for their appointment or if they violate their duty of loyalty to the company. If an External Directorship becomes vacant, our Board is required under the Companies Law to call a shareholders’ meeting promptly to appoint a new External Director. Unless we qualify and choose to adopt the exemption specified in Regulation 5D of the Exemption Regulations, each committee of our Board that is required by law to be formed must include at least one External Director and the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee must include all of the External Directors. An External Director is entitled to compensation as provided in regulations adopted under the Companies Law and is otherwise prohibited from receiving any other compensation, directly or indirectly, in connection with services provided as an External Director.
Alternate Directors
Under our articles of association, each of our directors may appoint, with the agreement of the Board and subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, by written notice to us, any person to serve as an alternate director. Under the Companies Law, neither a currently serving director nor a currently-serving alternate director or any person not eligible under the Companies Law to be appointed as a director may be appointed as an alternate director. An alternate director has all the rights and duties of the director appointing him, unless the appointment of the alternate provides otherwise, and the right to remuneration. The alternate director may not act at any meeting at which the appointing director is present. Unless the time period or scope of the appointment is limited by the appointing director, the appointment is effective for all purposes but expires upon the expiration of the appointing director’s term. Currently, none of our directors has appointed any alternate directors.
Directors’ Service Contracts
None of our directors has any services contracts either with us or with any of our subsidiaries, which provide for benefits upon termination of employment or service.
Board Committees
As of December 31, 2021, following the resignation of three directors. our Audit and a Compensation committee do not meet the requirements of the Companies Law.
Audit Committee
Due to the resignation of three members of the Board during December of 2021, including the resignation of an External Director on December 26, 2021, the resignation of the Board’s chairperson on December 28, 2021 and the resignation of an additional director on December 30, 2021, our Board’s composition does not meet the Companies Law’s requirements for a public company’s composition of the board of directors. Section 114 of the Companies Law mandates that a public company is required to appoint an audit committee, while Section 115 of the Companies Law provides that the audit committee should be comprised of a minimum of three members, including all acting external directors of the board and at least a majority of independent directors. Section 115 also mandates that the chairman of the board will not be a member of the Audit Committee. Following the resignation of three members of the Board, we only have three members remaining on the Board, one of which was appointed chairman in accordance with the requirements of Section 94(a) of the Companies Law. Due to the fact that a chairman may not serve as a member of the audit or compensation committees, and that such committees must include two members who are external directors, while we have one external director only, the board cannot meet the Companies Law’s requirements with respect to the structure of such committees.
In addition, Section 239(b) of the Companies Law determines that an external directors of a public company shall be appointed at a general meeting of shareholders. Due to this requirement of Section 239(b), we are currently unable to appoint an alternate external director in order to bring ourselves to be in compliance with the requirements of the Companies Law. An additional factor which prevents us from being able to comply with requirements of the Companies Law is the fact that due to our financial state, the acting directors receive minimal compensation while they deal with a greater exposure to complaints relating to their fiduciary duties, which are duties of directors set under the Companies Law and the Israeli case law.
Our Audit Committee operates under a written charter that is posted on our website at http://investors.otiglobal.com.
Our Audit Committee provides assistance to our Board in fulfilling its legal and fiduciary obligations in matters involving our accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal control and legal compliance functions by pre-approving the services performed by our independent accountants and reviewing their reports regarding our accounting practices and systems of internal control over financial reporting. Our Audit Committee also oversees the audit efforts of our independent accountants and takes those actions that it deems necessary to satisfy itself that the accountants are independent of management.
Under the Companies Law and Nasdaq rules, our Audit Committee is responsible for (i) determining whether there are deficiencies in the business management practices of our Company, including in consultation with our internal auditor or the independent auditor, and making recommendations to the Board to improve such practices, (ii) determining whether to approve certain related party transactions (including transactions in which an office holder has a personal interest) and whether such transaction should be deemed as material or extraordinary, (iii) where the Board approves the working plan of the internal auditor, to examine such working plan before its submission to the Board and propose amendments thereto, (iv) examining our internal controls and internal auditor’s performance, including whether the internal auditor has sufficient resources and tools to dispose of its responsibilities, (v) examining the scope of our auditor’s work and compensation and submitting a recommendation with respect thereto to our Board or shareholders, depending on which of them is considering the appointment of our auditor, and (vi) establishing procedures for the handling of employee complaints as to the management of our business and the protection to be provided to such employees. In compliance with regulations promulgated under the Companies Law, our Audit Committee also approves our financial statements, thereby fulfilling the requirement that a board committee provide such approval.
Prior to the resignation of three members of our Board, our Audit Committee held five meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (and four written resolutions in lieu of a meeting).
OTI is not required under SEC rules to have its financial statements reviewed or approved by a separate Audit Committee. OTI’s financial statements for fiscal year 2021 were reviewed and approved by the Board, as required under applicable Israeli law.
Internal Auditor
Under the Companies Law, the Board must appoint an internal auditor who is recommended by the Audit Committee. The role of the internal auditor is to examine, among other things, whether the company’s actions comply with the law and orderly business procedure. Under the Companies Law, the internal auditor may not be an office holder or an interested party, as defined below, or a relative of an office holder or an interested party, or the company’s independent accountant or the independent accountant’s representative. The Companies Law defines an “interested party” as a holder of 5% or more of the issued shares or voting rights of a company, a person or entity who has the right to designate at least one director or the general manager of the company, and a person who serves as a director or general manager. Since March 5, 2012, Mr. Gali Gana, CPA, of Rosenblum Holzman & Co., has served as our internal auditor.
Compensation Committee
As described above, due to the resignation of three of our directors, and due to the requirements of Section 118A of the Companies Law, which mandates a requirement for public companies to appoint a compensation committee, while applying the same requirements that apply to the composition of the Audit Committee, as further detailed above, we currently do not have a Compensation Committee that meets the requirements of the Companies Law.
The Compensation Committee operates under a charter that is posted on our website at http://investors.otiglobal.com.
Under the Companies Law and Nasdaq rules, our Compensation Committee is responsible for (i) proposing office holder compensation policies to the Board, (ii) proposing necessary revisions to any compensation policy and examining its implementation, (iii) determining whether to approve transactions with respect to compensation of office holders, and (iv) determining, in accordance with office holder compensation policies, whether to exempt an engagement with an unaffiliated nominee for the position of chief executive officer from requiring shareholder approval.
Subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, compensation of executive officers is generally determined and approved by our Compensation Committee and our Board. Shareholder approval is generally required when (i) approval by our Board and our Compensation Committee is not consistent with our Amended and Restated Executive Officers Compensation Policy, as amended from time to time, or (ii) the compensation is that of our Chief Executive Officer. In special circumstances, our Compensation Committee and Board may approve the compensation of an executive officer (other than a director, a chief executive officer or a controlling shareholder) or approve the compensation policy despite shareholder objection. Additionally, under certain circumstances, our Compensation Committee may exempt an engagement with a nominee for the position of chief executive officer from requiring shareholders’ approval or may otherwise postpone such shareholders’ approval.
A director or executive officer may not be present when the Board discusses or votes upon the terms of his or her compensation, unless the chairman of the Board (as applicable) determines that he or she should be present to present the transaction that is subject to approval. The Chief Executive Officer may not be present during voting or deliberations regarding his or her compensation.
We may from time to time engage the services of external compensation consultants on a case by case basis, though we did not engage any such compensation consultant for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
Our Compensation Committee held seven meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (and adopted certain resolutions by way of one unanimous written consent).
Nominating Committee; Director Candidates
We do not have a Nominating Committee or any committees of a similar nature, nor any charter governing the nomination process. Our Board does not believe that such committees are needed for a company our size. Under the Companies Law, our directors are elected by the general meeting of shareholders, with the recommendation of the Board. There is no formal process or policy that governs the manner in which we identify potential candidates for the Board. Historically, however, the Board has considered several factors in evaluating candidates for nomination to the Board, including the candidate’s knowledge of the Company and its business, the candidate’s business experience and credentials, and whether the candidate would represent the interests of all the Company’s shareholders as opposed to a specific group of shareholders. Diversity is not considered material in identifying nominees for directors. We do not have a formal policy with respect to our consideration of Board nominees recommended by our shareholders because we are a small company. A shareholder who desires to recommend a candidate for nomination to the Board should do so by writing to us at Board of Directors, c/o Company Secretary, On Track Innovations Ltd., Hatnufa 5, Yokneam Industrial Zone, Yokneam, Israel.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our directors, executive officers and all of our employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is publicly available on our website at http://investors.otiglobal.com/corporate-governance, and we will provide, at no charge, persons with a written copy upon written request made to us. The information contained in, or accessible through, our website does not constitute part of this Annual Report.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Based solely upon a review of Forms 3 and 4, and amendments thereto, submitted to the SEC during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we believe that during said year, our executive officers, directors and all persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements, except the following:
Form 4 filed by Sandra Hardardottir on May 28, 2021, which was due May 19, 2021.
Form 4 filed by Jerry Ivy on May 28, 2021, which was due May 19, 2021.
Form 4 filed by William Anderson on May 28, 2021, which was due May 19, 2021.
Form 4 filed by Jerry Ivy on March 10, 2021, which was due March 4, 2021.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the compensation earned during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 by (i) our Chief Executive Officer; (ii) our Chief Financial Officer; (iii) our Former Executive Officer; (iv) our VP of Hardware Engineering and (v) our VP Operations. We refer to the persons listed in (i) and (ii) collectively as the Named Executive Officers, which includes additional officers not required under SEC rules, in accordance with the requirements of Israeli law.
Salary Bonus Stock-based Awards Non-equity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation All other
Compensation Total
Name and Principal Position Year ($) (1) ($) ($) (2) ($) ($) (3) ($)
Amir Eilam 159,847 - 33,150 - 50,921 243,918
Chief Executive Officer (4) 154,042 - 1,022 - 46,306 201,370
Assaf Cohen 175,462 - 52,000 - 51,204 278,666
Chief Financial Officer (5) 173,155 - - - 43,639 216,794
Yehuda Holtzman 276,822 - 19,500 - 82,730 379,052
Former Chief Executive Officer (6) 273,844 - 67,612 - 79,811 421,268
Nehemia Itay 172,756 - 10,406 - 45,916 229,078
VP & CSc of Hardware Engineering (7) 169,683 - 1,022 - 42,988 213,693
Sagi Nataf 123,319 - 19,500 - 43,686 186,505
VP Operations (8) 112,348 - 1,022 - 38,316 151,687
Nir Gazit 117,199 - 16,770 - 41,339 175,309
VP of Product (9) 112,495 - - 39,832 152,838
(1) Salary payments which were made in NIS were translated into U.S. Dollars according to the annual average exchange rate of NIS 3.23 per U.S. Dollar in 2021 and NIS 3.44 per U.S. Dollar in 2020.
(2) The fair value recognized for the 2021 option awards was determined as of the grant date in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 (see Note 12C to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report). The fair value recognized for the 2021 option awards was determined as of the grant date in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, based on the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility of 97% to 130%, risk-free interest rate of 0.17% to 1.53% and expected life of 2.49 to 2.50 years. The fair value recognized for the 2021 restricted shares was determined as of the grant date.
(3) This cost reflects social benefits (as required under applicable Israeli law) and car expenses.
(4) The 2021 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Eilam, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $18,699 of car expenses and $32,222 of social benefits. The 2020 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Eilam, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $14,902 of car expenses and $31,404 of social benefits.
(5) The 2021 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Cohen, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $17,584 of car expenses and $33,620 of social benefits. The 2020 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Cohen, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $14,931 of car expenses and $28,708 of social benefits.
(6) The 2021 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Holtzman, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $25,726 of car expenses and $57,004 of social benefits. The 2020 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Holtzman, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $22,920 of car expenses and $56,891 of social benefits.
(7) The 2021 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Itay, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $17,832 of car expenses and $28,084 of social benefits. The 2020 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Itay, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $15,745 of car expenses and $27,243 of social benefits.
(8)
The 2021 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Nataf, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $17,894 of car expenses and $25,792 of social benefits. The 2020 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Nataf, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $13,828 of car expenses and $24,488 of social benefits.
(9)
The 2021 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Gazit, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $15,603 of car expenses and $25,736 of social benefits. The 2020 “All Other Compensation” of Mr. Gazit, as shown in the table above, is comprised of $14,641 of car expenses and $25,191 of social benefits.
All of the incumbent Named Executive Officers mentioned in the table above and our directors are entitled to acceleration of the vesting of any unvested share options and restricted shares in the event of a change of control of the Company, including in connection with the Merger.
Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans
Except as required by applicable law (relating to severance payments to Israeli employees), none of our current officers or employees are entitled to receive any payments upon termination of employment.
Executive Officers Compensation Policy
In accordance with the Companies Law, we adopted a Compensation Policy in 2013, which was thereafter amended by our Compensation Committee, approved by our Board and recommended to our shareholders and approved thereby at our annual general meeting held on December 15, 2016. An updated compensation policy was not approved by our shareholders at our meeting on September 27, 2019. However, our Board approved it notwithstanding such shareholders vote.
The Compensation Policy sets rules and guidelines with respect to our compensation strategy for executive officers and directors, and is designed to provide for the retention of, and to attract, highly qualified executives. The Compensation Policy is designed to balance competitive compensation of executive officers with our financial resources, while creating appropriate incentives considering, inter alia, risk management factors arising from our business, executive compensation benchmarks used in the industry, our size (including without limitation, sales volume and number of employees), the nature of our business and our then-current cash flow situation, in order to promote our long-term goals, work plan, policies and the interests of our shareholders.
The Compensation Policy is designed to allow us to create a full compensation package for each of our executive officers based on common principles. With respect to variable compensation components, the Compensation Policy is designed to allow us to consider each executive officer’s contribution in achieving our short-term and long-term strategic goals and in maximizing its profits from a long-term perspective and in accordance with the executive officer’s position.
The Compensation Policy further provides for an annual performance bonus payable to executive officers. The payment of such bonus is tied to long-term corporate performance, rather than short-term stock market performance. Bonuses are paid in accordance with specific performance targets and based, among others, upon the following factors: (i) the Company’s achievement of certain financial performance metrics, consisting of annual revenue targets, EBITDA target, each based on our annual budget; (ii) achievement by the respective executive of certain predetermined objectives; and (iii) other discretionary considerations, taking into account tangible and intangible performance factors, including the executive’s relative contribution to the Company.
Bonus payments shall not exceed, in the case of a Chief Executive Officer, an aggregate amount equivalent to twelve months’ base salary, and for other executive officers, an aggregate amount equivalent to nine months’ base salary of the respective executive.
Employment Agreements
We maintain written employment and related agreements with all of our current executive officers. These agreements provide for monthly salaries and contributions by us to executive insurance and vocational studies funds. The employment agreements of certain executive officers provide for the achievement of an annual bonus, as described above. In addition, we may decide to grant our executive officers share options from time to time. All of our executive officers’ employment and related agreements contain provisions regarding noncompetition, confidentiality of information and assignment of inventions. The enforceability of covenants not to compete in Israel is unclear.
We have the following written agreements and other arrangements concerning compensation with our current executive officers:
Agreement with Amir Eilam. We have an employment agreement with Mr. Eilam, which provides that Mr. Eilam will serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Company and our subsidiaries, in consideration of a monthly gross salary (effective November 3, 2021 and as described below NIS 55,000) and other standard benefits. Mr. Eilam also receives grants of restricted shares on an annual basis to promote retention and as an incentive, subject to vesting requirements. The issuance of such restricted shares is subject to the discretion and approval of both the Company’s Compensation Committee and the Board. According to the employment agreement, Mr. Eilam is eligible to receive an annual bonus in an amount up to 7 months’ gross base salary. The employment agreement is for an unlimited duration, provided that each party may terminate it without cause upon serving the other party a written notice of three months, prior to termination.
Agreement with Assaf Cohen. We have an employment agreement with Mr. Cohen, which provides that Mr. Cohen will serve as Chief Financial Officer of the Company and our subsidiaries, in consideration of a monthly gross salary (effective August 1, 2019 and as described below NIS 45,000; between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2019 NIS 35,000; between March 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 NIS 30,000) and other standard benefits. Mr. Cohen also receives grants of options on an annual basis to promote retention and as an incentive, subject to vesting requirements. The issuance of such options is subject to the discretion and approval of both the Company’s Compensation Committee and the Board. According to the employment agreement, Mr. Cohen is eligible to receive an annual bonus in an amount up to 4 months’ gross base salary. The employment agreement is for an unlimited duration, provided that each party may terminate it without cause upon serving the other party a written notice of six months (formerly was three months), prior to termination. Effective August 1, 2019, as approved by our Board and Compensation Committee, and pursuant to the amendment to Mr. Cohen’s employment agreement dated September 30, 2019, Mr. Cohen’s monthly gross salary is NIS 45,000 and the abovementioned written notice for termination is six months. In addition, pursuant to the amendment to Mr. Cohen’s employment agreement, as also approved by the Company’s shareholders, Mr. Cohen received a lump sum bonus, in the amount of NIS 100,000, for his services as the Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company. On March 17, 2020, our Board and Compensation Committee approved an increase in Mr. Cohen’s 2020 maximum annual bonus from 4 months’ to 6 months’ gross base salary. On November 22, 2020, as part of the cost reduction steps taken by our management, our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee approved that effective November 1, 2020, Mr. Cohen’s monthly gross salary is decreased for a period of one year from NIS 45,000 to NIS 34,650. Following the approval of our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee, as of June 1, 2021, the reduction was cancelled and Mr. Cohen’s monthly gross salary was reinstated to NIS 45,000.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table shows options to purchase our Ordinary Shares outstanding on December 31, 2021, held by each of our Named Executive Officers.
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised
Equity Awards
Name Security Type Number of securities underlying unexercised (#) exercisable Number of securities underlying unexercised (#) unexercisable Purchase exercise price($) Expiration
date
Amir Eilam (1) RSA 3,334 506,666 $ 0.03 -
Assaf Cohen (2) RSA - 400,000 $ 0.03 -
Yehuda Hotltzman (3) RSA - - - -
Nehemia Itay (4) Options 3,333 6,667 $ 0.22 01/06/2026
Options 6,667 3,333 $ 0.28 03/07/2028
RSA 3,334 66,666 $ 0.03 -
Sagi Nataf (5) RSA 3,334 146,666 $ 0.03 -
Nir Gazit (6) RSA 1,668 127,332 $ 0.03 -
(1) On December 2, 2021, 255,000 restricted shares were granted to Mr. Eilam under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2021 Plan, and on March 7 2022, 255,000 restricted shares were granted to Mr. Eilam under the 2021 Plan. The restricted shares vest as follow: (i) 3,334 shares vested on 12/02/2021; (ii) 31,666 shares will vest in two equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022 and 12/02/2023; and (iii) 475,000 shares will vest in three equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022, 12/02/2023 and 12/02/2024.
(2) On December 2, 2021, 400,000 restricted shares were granted to Mr. Cohen under the 2021 Plan. The restricted shares vest as follow: (i) 50,000 shares will vest in two equal instalment on each 12/02/2022 and 12/2023; (ii) 350,000 shares will vest in three equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022, 12/02/2023 and 12/02/2024.
(3) Mr. Holtzman waived his right to receive 150,000 restricted shares.
(4) On March 17, 2020, 10,000 options were granted to Mr. Itay under the OTI 2001 Stock Option Plan, or the 2001 Plan. The options vest in three equal annual installments, commencing March 17, 2021. On December 2, 2021, 70,000 restricted shares were granted to Mr. Itay under the 2021 Plan. The restricted shares vest as follow: (i) 3,334 shares vested on 12/02/2021; (ii) 16,666 shares will vest in two equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022 and 12/02/2023; and (iii) 50,000 shares will vest in three equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022, 12/02/2023 and 12/02/2024.
(5) On December 2, 2021, 150,000 restricted shares were granted to Mr. Nataf under the 2021 Plan. The restricted shares vest as follow: (i) 3,334 shares vested on 12/02/2021; (ii) 31,666 shares will vest in two equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022 and 12/02/2023; and (iii) 115,000 shares will vest in three equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022, 12/02/2023 and 12/02/2024.
(6) On December 2, 2021, 129,000 restricted shares were granted to Mr. Gazit under the 2021 Plan. The restricted shares vest as follow: (i) 1,668 shares vested on 12/02/2021; (ii) 23,332 shares will vest in two equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022 and 12/02/2023; and (iii) 104,000 shares will vest in three equal instalments on each of 12/02/2022, 12/02/2023 and 12/02/2024.
Director Compensation for 2021
The following table provides information regarding compensation earned by, awarded or paid to each person for serving as a director who was not a Named Executive Officer during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021:
Name Fees Earned or Paid in Cash
($) (1) Option Awards
($) Total
($)
William C. Anderson III (3) 23,750 4,141 27,891
Leonid Berkovitch 35,318 - 35,318
Uri Arazy (3) 35,270 7,039 42,309
Sandra B. Hardardottir (2) 21,187 - 21,187
Donna Marks (2) 26,898 - 26,898
Michael Shanahan (2) 22,576 - 22,576
Zvi Atlas (2) 3,303 - 3,303
(1) This column represents the sums that our non-executive directors received or entitled to receive according to the Israeli regulations as an annual fee as well as for attending Board and Board committee meetings.
(2) Former director.
(3) The fair value of each option granted to directors during 2021 was estimated on the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes model and the following assumptions:
● Expected dividend yield: 0%.
● Expected volatility: 103%-130%.
● Risk-free interest rate: 0.17%-0.30%.
● Expected life: Years 2.50.
● Dividend yield of zero percent.
● Expected average volatility represents a weighted average standard deviation rate for the price of the Company’s ordinary shares on the OTCQX market.
● Risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
● Estimated expected lives are based on historical grants data
As of December 31, 2021, our directors held options to purchase our ordinary shares as follows:
Name Aggregate
number of
shares
Underlying
stock
options
William C. Anderson III 60,000
Leonid Berkovitch 30,000
Uri Arazy 30,000
From January 1, 2021, until December 31, 2021, we reimbursed our directors for expenses incurred in connection with attending Board meetings and committee meetings and provided the following compensation for directors: annual compensation of NIS 49,110 (approximately $15,204); meeting participation fees of NIS 3,283 (approximately $1,016) per in-person meeting; meeting participation by telephone of NIS 1,971 (approximately $610) per meeting; and NIS 1,642 (approximately $508) per written resolution.
On November 22, 2020, as part of our management's efforts to reduce costs, four of our board members, Ms. Sandra Bjork Hardardottir, Mr. Leonid Berkovitch, Ms. Donna Seidenberg Marks and Michael Shanahan, volunteered to reduce their compensation by 25%, such that the cash compensation paid to each of these directors effective November 22, 2020, was as follows: Annual compensation of NIS 36,833 (approximately $11,500), meeting participation fees of NIS 2,462 (approximately $770) per in-person meeting, meeting participation by telephone fees of NIS 1,478 (approximately $460) per meeting and NIS 1,232 (approximately $380) per written resolution. In addition, on November 22, 2020, our fifth director, William C. Anderson, volunteered to waive part of the compensation from the Company effective November 22, 2020.
Our executive directors do not receive additional separate compensation for their service on the Board or any committee of the Board. During 2021, our non-executive directors were reimbursed for their expenses for each board meeting, and committee meeting attended and in addition received the foregoing compensation with respect to attendance at such meetings. The aggregate amount paid by us to our non-executive directors for their service during 2021 was $96,547.
Under the Companies Law, an External Director is entitled to compensation as provided in regulations adopted under the Companies Law and is otherwise prohibited from receiving any other compensation, directly or indirectly, in connection with services provided as an External Director.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters.
The following table sets forth certain information, to the best knowledge and belief of the Company, as of March 17, 2022 (unless provided herein otherwise), with respect to holdings of our Ordinary Shares by (1) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the total number of shares of our Ordinary Shares outstanding as of such date; (2) each of our current directors; (3) each of our Named Executive Officers; and (4) all of our current directors and executive officers as a group.
Unless otherwise indicated below, all information with respect to the ownership of any of the below shareholders has been furnished by such shareholder and we believe that the persons named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all of the shares shown as owned, subject to community property laws, where applicable. The shares owned by our current directors and executive officers include the shares owned by their family members to which such nominees, directors and executive officers disclaim beneficial ownership, as provided for below. If a shareholder has the right to acquire shares by exercising options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this table, these shares are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage owned by the specific shareholder (that is, they are included in both the numerator and the denominator), but they are disregarded for the purpose of computing the percentage owned by any other shareholder.
The information in the table below is based on 75,775,393 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of April 4, 2022 and reflects number of shares owned. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the individuals named below is: c/o On Track Innovations Inc., Hatnufa 5, Yokneam Industrial Zone, Yokneam, Israel, 2069200.
Name of beneficial owner
Position
Number of
Ordinary Shares
Beneficially Owned
% of Class
of Ordinary
Shares
William C. Anderson III(1)
Director
3,680,496
4.9%
Leonid Berkovitch(2)
Director
20,000
*
Uri Arazy(3)
Director
10,000
*
Amir Eilam(4)
Chief Executive Officer
510,000
*
Assaf Cohen(5)
Chief Financial Officer
400,000
*
Yehuda Holtzman(6)
Former Chief Executive Officer
-
*
Nehemia Itay(7)
VP Hardware Engineering
80,000
*
Sagi Nataf(8)
VP Operations
150,000
*
Nir Gazit(9)
VP of Product
129,000
*
All current directors and executive officers
(as a group persons)
4,620,496
6.1%
5% Shareholders
Jerry L. Ivy, Jr.(10)
Shareholder
26,157,984
35.9%
(*) Less than 1%
(1) Includes 3,650,496 Ordinary Shares held by Mr. Anderson, and includes options held by Mr. Anderson to purchase 30,000 ordinary shares currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 4, 2022.
(2) Consists of options held by Mr. Berkovitch to purchase 20,000 ordinary shares currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 4, 2022.
(3) Consists of options held by Mr. Arazy to purchase 10,000 ordinary shares currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 4, 2022.
(4) Consists of 510,000 restricted shares held by Mr. Eilam.
(5) Consists of 400,000 restricted shares held by Mr. Cohen.
(6) Mr. Holtzman forfeited his restricted shares.
(7) Consists of 70,000 restricted shares held by Mr. Itay, and options held by Mr. Itay to purchase 10,000 ordinary shares currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of this table.
(8) Consists of 150,000 restricted shares held by Mr. Nataf.
(9) Consists of 129,000 restricted shares held by Mr. Gazit.
(10) Information is based solely on Schedule 13D/A filed by Mr. Jerry L. Ivy, Jr. with the SEC on March 18, 2022, and consists of 24,468,205 Ordinary Shares held by Mr. Ivy and 1,689,779 Ordinary Shares held by Sandra Bjork Hardardottir. Mr. Ivy’s address is 1003 Lake St. #301, Kirkland, WA 98033.
All of the Named Executive Officers mentioned in the table above and our directors are entitled to acceleration of the vesting of any unvested share options and restricted shares in the event of a change of control of the Company, including in connection with the Merger.
The following table summarizes certain information regarding our equity compensation plan as of December 31, 2021:
Plan Category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding equity Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding equity Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans
Equity compensation plan approved by security holders (1) 4,428,833 $ 0.20 6,798,046
Equity compensation plan not approved by security holders - - -
Total 4,428,833 $ $0.20 6,798,046
(1) Calculated based on 1,443,333 options with an average exercise price of $0.54 and 2,985,500 restricted shares with an average exercise price of $0.03. Total securities remaining available for future issuance are calculated based on 3,783,546 options and 3,014,500 restricted shares.
2001 Stock Option Plan
We established our 2001 Plan in February 2001 (as amended and restated on December November 30, 2011), and have amended it several times up to the latest amendment on November 21, 2017. The 2001 Plan provides for the grant of options to our employees, directors, and consultants, and those of our subsidiaries and affiliates until December 31, 2021.
Under the 2001 Plan, as of April 4, 2022, options for 12,017,454 Ordinary Shares had been exercised, and options for 611,002 Ordinary Shares are outstanding, including vested options with respect to 288,682 Ordinary Shares. Of the options that are outstanding, as of April 4, 2022, 80,000 options are held by our directors and officers and have a weighted average exercise price of $0.28 per share.
2021 Incentive Equity Plan
We established our 2021 Plan in July 2021. The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of equity to our employees, directors, and consultants, and those of our subsidiaries and affiliates.
Under the 2021 Plan, as of April 4, 2022, 2,925,834 restricted shares were granted, of which 39,682 vested and are no longer subject to restrictions. Of the restricted shares granted, as of April 4, 2022, 1,259,000 restricted shares are held by our directors and officers.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Our policy is to enter into transactions with related parties on terms that are on the whole no less favorable to us than those that would be available from unaffiliated parties at arm’s length.
We have entered into employment agreements with all of our executive officers as mentioned above and indemnification agreements with all of our executive officers and directors. In addition, we have granted options to purchase our Ordinary Shares to our directors and executive officers, as mentioned elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Other than described above, and except for the Loan Agreement, the Share Purchase Agreement, and the former Chairman of the Board, Ms. Hardardottir, and the former Director, Mr. Shanahan, who were designated by Ivy pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, none of our directors, executive officers or shareholders holding more than 5% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares, or members of any such person’s immediate family, has any relationship with the Company besides serving as directors or executive officers.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Company has engaged Kesselman and Kesselman, Certified Public Accountants (Isr.), a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, or PwC Israel, as its principal independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Our Audit Committee is generally responsible for the oversight of our independent auditors’ work. The Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by PwC Israel. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services, as further described below. The Audit Committee sets forth the basis for its preapproval in detail, listing the particular services which are pre-approved, and setting forth a specific budget for such services. Additional services may be pre-approved by the Audit Committee on an individual basis. Once services have been pre-approved, PwC Israel and our management then report to the Audit Committee on a periodic basis regarding the extent of services actually provided in accordance with the applicable pre-approval, and regarding the fees for the services performed.
Our Audit Committee pre-approved all audit and non-audit services provided to us and to our subsidiaries during the periods listed below. The Audit Committee approves discrete projects on a case-by-case basis that may have a material effect on our operations and also considers whether proposed services are compatible with the independence of the independent auditors.
Pursuant to our pre-approval policy, the Audit Committee pre-approves and delegates to our Chairman of the Board the authority to approve the retention of ad-hoc audit and non-audit services from our independent auditors, beyond the scope approved by the Audit Committee as part of the annual audit plan.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The following fees were billed by PWC Israel and affiliate firms for professional services rendered thereby for the year ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands):
Audit Fees (1)
$
$
Audit-Related Fees
$ -
-
Tax Fees
$ -
$ -
All Other Fees (2)
$
Total
$
$
(1) The audit fees for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, are the aggregate fees billed or billable (for the year) for the professional services rendered for the audits of our 2021 and 2020 annual consolidated financial statements, review of consolidated quarterly financial statements of 2021 and 2020, and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory audits of us and our subsidiaries, consents and assistance with review of documents filed with the SEC.
(2) All other fees are fees billed for accounting standard procedure.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 17, 2022, by and among Nayax Ltd., OTI Merger Sub Ltd. and the Company (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 17, 2022).
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Association (incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on October 28, 2021).
3.2*
Memorandum of Association, as amended and restated after the December 2, 2021 amendment.
4.1*
Description of Securities of the Company Registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
10.1
Amended and Restated On Track Innovations Ltd. 2001 Share Option Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on October 16, 2017). +
10.2
2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on August 16, 2021). +
10.3
Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and its directors and officers (incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 10, 2020. +
10.4
Personal Employment Agreement, dated November 5, 2019, by and between the Company and Yehuda Holtzman (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 6, 2019). +
10.5*
Personal Employment Agreement, dated February 2, 2022, by and between the Company and Amir Eilam. +
10.6
Personal and Special Employment Agreement dated February 27, 2018, by and between the Company and Assaf Cohen (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2018). +
10.7
Amendment to Personal Employment Agreement, dated September 30, 2019, by and between the Company and Assaf Cohen (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on November 13, 2019). +
10.8
Amended and Restated Executive Officers Compensation Policy (incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on October 28, 2021). +
10.9
Share Purchase Agreement dated December 23, 2019 by and among the Company, Jerry L. Ivy, Jr. Descendants’ Trust and certain other investors (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 26, 2019).
10.10
Binding Term Sheet dated January 19, 2022, by and between Nayax Ltd. and the Company (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 19, 2022).
10.11
Senior Secured Convertible Loan Financing Agreement dated January 27, 2022, by and between Nayax Ltd. and the Company (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 31, 2022).
10.12
Debenture dated January 27, 2022, by and between Nayax Ltd. and the Company (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 31, 2022).
10.13*
An English Summary of the Material Provisions of a Hebrew Document Titled “A Request for a Loan in a Foreign Currency” Dated February 28, 2022.
21.1*
List of Subsidiaries of the Company.
23.1*
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1*
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of Amir Eilam.
31.2*
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of Assaf Cohen.
32.1**
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Amir Eilam.
32.2**
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Assaf Cohen.
101*
The following materials from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 formatted in inline XBRL (inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
+ Management contract or compensation plan.