EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1032975
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1032975_10-K_2023_0001032975-23-000021.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Company Overview
Founded in 1981, and headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, Logitech International is a Swiss public company listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (LOGN) and on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (LOGI). Logitech’s website address is www.logitech.com.
Logitech’s mission is to help all people pursue their passions in a way that is good for people and the planet. We design, manufacture and sell products that help businesses thrive and bring people together when working, creating, gaming and streaming. We sell these products through a number of brands: Logitech, Logitech G (including ASTRO Gaming, Streamlabs, and Blue Microphones) and Ultimate Ears.
Our diverse portfolio includes:
•Creativity & Productivity: personal computer ("PC") mice and presentation tools (reported as Pointing Devices), PC keyboards and keyboard/mouse combination products (reported as Keyboards & Combos), PC-based webcams including streaming cameras (reported as PC Webcams), and tablet keyboards and styluses (reported as Tablet & Other Accessories);
•Gaming: gaming mice, keyboards, headsets, steering wheels and other control devices, and Streamlabs services;
•Video Collaboration: conference cameras for meeting rooms, webcams and headsets;
•Music-related products include wireless speakers (reported as Mobile Speakers), and PC speakers, headsets, microphones and earphones (reported as Audio & Wearables).
These products are all classified under a single operating segment: Peripherals (see Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements). They also are compatible with many cloud or cloud-based services: video conferencing platforms (e.g. Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet); esports or video games (e.g. League of Legends, Call of Duty, Valorant); music streaming platforms (e.g. Spotify, Apple Music); content streaming platforms (e.g. Twitch, YouTube); and creativity and productivity platforms (e.g. Google Workplace, Adobe Creative Cloud).
We sell our products to a broad network of international customers, in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA") and Asia Pacific. This includes direct sales to retailers, e-tailers, and end consumers through our e-commerce platform, and indirect sales to end customers through distributors.
From time to time, we may seek to partner with or acquire, when appropriate, companies that have products, personnel, and technologies that complement our strategic direction. We continually review our product offerings and our strategic direction in light of our profitability targets, competitive conditions, changing consumer trends and the evolving nature of the interface between the consumer and the digital world.
Business Strategy
Logitech's foundation for future growth is built on five core capabilities that apply to all of our product categories:
•Design;
•Engineering;
•Go-to-market;
•Marketing; and
•Operations.
Design
Over the past decade, Logitech has reinvented itself as a design company, whereby design-led engineering is used as a strategic differentiator. Our key design centers are in Switzerland, Ireland, the United States, and Taiwan, where we have an internal team of designers who work in close collaboration with our engineering and manufacturing teams at the beginning of our innovation process. This capability has driven the transformation of our portfolio over the years. In addition, design significantly impacts Logitech’s efforts to improve outcomes for all people and the planet through a program we call Design for Sustainability. All of this work has been recognized through various awards: in fiscal year 2023, we were honored with 116 design awards.
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Engineering
Our decades-long expertise in key engineering disciplines such as sensors, acoustics, optics, wireless, and power management is a core competitive advantage of Logitech. Furthermore, we continue to extend our engineering capabilities into more advanced technologies such as software, apps, cloud, data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence ("AI") and some core building blocks of navigation and tracking in augmented reality ("AR") or virtual reality ("VR"). Our engineering team has expertise in bringing together these many technologies, across hardware and software to develop an innovative portfolio. These engineering capabilities combined with our award-winning design team form the basis of Logitech's key innovation engine.
Go-To-Market
Logitech has an extensive global go-to-market network that is leveraged to introduce new products, enter new market categories and optimize the value of our existing products and product categories. We have multiple opportunities to drive growth through existing products in existing and new retailers and e-tailers as well as through new products in existing and new retailers and e-tailers. Beyond e-tailers, retail and distribution channels, we have strengthened other commercial channels in areas such as computer and telecommunications stores, value-added resellers and online merchants. As we have increased our investments in the business-to-business ("B2B") channel, we have expanded our enterprise sales coverage through our sales force as well as various channel partners. Expansions into new channels also bring numerous cross-selling opportunities across our broad product portfolio.
Marketing
Across Logitech’s multiple categories, we focus on enhancing our marketing capabilities around brand strategy and execution, digital marketing, and marketing technology. With our products and design as a foundation, our marketing demonstrates the relevancy of our products in the lives of our customers, focusing on specific and diverse audiences. We continue to increase our presence when and where our products and messages are most relevant, which enables us to drive brand value.
Operations
Logitech’s operations capability consists of a hybrid model of in-house manufacturing (including a wholly-owned facility in Suzhou, China) and third-party contract manufacturers (principally in Asia), which allows us to effectively respond to rapidly changing demand, leverage economies of scale, protect intellectual property, and offer high quality production in even the most sophisticated of products. Our supply chain’s extensive global reach, key distribution channels, adoption of factory automation and strategic business relationships combined with extensive analytic modeling expertise, optimization tools and global processes provide a competitive advantage against many of our competitors.
Environmental Sustainability
In recent years, we have accelerated our climate strategy, focused on eliminating our carbon footprint through Reduce, Renew, Restore, and Rethink programs. Reduce focuses on our life-cycle carbon footprint using Design for Sustainability ("DfS") principles across our value chain. Renew motivates us to drive ambitious uptake of renewable electricity and transition away from fossil fuels. In order to support and restore climate-impacted communities and ecosystems, the Restore lever supports annual investment in carbon offsets and removals. We are also Rethinking how we do business, innovating our materials, supply chains, and go-to-market opportunities.
Products
Logitech designs, manufactures and markets products that help businesses thrive and bring people together when working, creating, gaming and streaming, for use by consumers and enterprise customers.
Creativity & Productivity
Pointing Devices: Logitech offers a variety of pointing devices. Some of our key products in this category include:
•The Logitech MX Master 3 and MX Anywhere 3 wireless mice, our flagship wireless mouse products. Enabled with Logitech Flow cross-computer control software and Logi Bolt cross-operating system connectivity, these products represent the new paradigm for precise, fast, comfortable cross-computer digital navigation and digital creativity.
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•The Logitech Wireless Mouse M650, which offers a new precise scrolling wheel, an 18-month battery life, Logi Bolt connectivity compatible with any operating system, side-buttons and comfortable design, and is available in Large, Medium and left-handed versions with sustainable materials.
•The Logitech Wireless Mouse M185, a wireless mouse with nano receiver technology that is compatible with any computer.
•The Logitech Pebble Mouse, a wireless mobility mouse with dual connectivity (BT and unifying nano technology) that is compatible with any computer.
•Two recently introduced mice, Logitech Lift vertical mouse with Logi Bolt wireless technology and the new smart wheel available in right and left-handed version, and Pop Mouse for younger generations that offers more style at the desk.
Keyboards & Combos: Logitech offers a variety of corded and cordless keyboards, living room keyboards, and combos (keyboard-and-mouse combinations). Some of our key products in this category include:
•The Logitech Wireless Combo MK270, a full-size keyboard and mouse combination with a tiny USB receiver.
•The Logitech MX Keys Wireless keyboard, a premium backlit keyboard with customizable keys to directly access menus and shortcuts within leading creativity and productivity apps. We recently added the MX Keys mini wireless keyboard ideal for smaller spaces and creators and Logitech MX mechanical wireless keyboard.
•The Logitech K380 wireless minimalist keyboard with multi-switch functionality to easily navigate from one screen to another (from PC to Phone to tablets) that is compatible with any computer.
PC Webcams: Our PC Webcams category comprises webcams targeted primarily at video conferencing users purchasing for individual use. A key market driver includes people upgrading their work-from-home video conferencing setup. The Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920 and C922 are key products in this category and we recently added Logitech Brio 300 and Brio 500 to the portfolio.
Tablet & Other Accessories: Our Tablet & Other Accessories category includes keyboards for tablets and smartphones as well as other accessories for mobile devices. These products are mostly for iPads but are also for select Samsung and other Android tablets. Some of our key products in this category include:
•The Combo Touch for the iPad 9th Generation, iPad Air, iPad Pro 11 and iPad Pro 12.9, is our newest design offering a Smart Connected backlit full-size keyboard, any-angle kickstand for flexible viewing angles and a trackpad for gestures, clicks and navigation.
•The Rugged Folio Keyboard for the iPad 9th Generation, bringing a more protective rugged folio, with a wipeable fabric keyboard, a rugged and protective holder and an any-angle kickstand to allow multiple viewing angles. The Rugged Folio uses Smart Connector technology to connect to the iPad seamlessly, with no need for batteries or Bluetooth pairing.
•The Logitech Slim Folio Keyboard for the iPad Pro 11 and 12.9, bringing a Bluetooth backlit keyboard with a folio design for optimal working and viewing angle, light front and back protection and an Apple Pencil holder. The Logitech Slim Folio Keyboard for the 9th generation iPad for a light protection folio with a Bluetooth keyboard.
•The Rugged Combo Keyboard and Rugged Combo Touch, Made for Education are designed to provide the best keyboard and touchpad experience for the iPad Entry 9th generation in classrooms or at home, featuring drop protection, secure sealed keyboard and any angle viewing.
Gaming
Logitech G provides products for both gamers and creators, including mice, keyboards, headsets, and steering wheels, in addition to streaming software through Streamlabs. Incorporating innovative design and advanced technologies, some of the key products and solutions in this category include:
•The Logitech G PRO X Superlight Wireless Gaming Mouse that was designed in collaboration with the world's top esports professionals, featuring our LIGHTSPEEDTM professional grade wireless technology, and weighing in at less than 63 grams.
•The Logitech Pro Racing Wheel that features our exclusive TRUEFORCE feedback system that connects directly to in-game physics, and our new Direct Drive motor.
•The ASTRO A30 Wireless Headset that is compatible with PC, Xbox Series X|S, PlayStation5, Nintendo Switch, and mobile, portable gaming devices.
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•Streamlabs software which provides streaming and monetization tools for content creators to manage their audience and broadcast.
Video Collaboration
The Video Collaboration category includes Logitech’s conference room cameras, which combine enterprise-quality audio and high definition ("HD") 4K video with affordability to bring video conferencing to businesses of any size, as well as state of the art webcams and headsets that turn any desktop into an instant collaboration space. Our key products in this category include:
•Logitech Rally Bar, an all-in-one video bar purpose-built for midsize rooms, featuring brilliant video, room-filling audio, and the flexibility to deploy in PC or appliance mode.
•Logitech Rally which offers best-in-class video conferencing with Ultra HD 4K video and professional audio that easily turns medium- to large-sized conference rooms into video-enabled collaboration rooms.
•Logitech MeetUp which is Logitech’s premier ConferenceCam designed for huddle rooms, with a room-capturing 120° field of view ("FOV"), 4K optics and exceptional audio performance.
•Logitech Tap touch-screen controller which connects to any computer through USB and serves as an ideal controller for video conferencing room solutions from Google®, Microsoft®, and Zoom.
•Logitech BRIO which has 4K video, RightLight 3 and high dynamic range ("HDR") to improve challenging lighting, and Windows Hello facial recognition support for secure login using just a user's face.
Music
Mobile Speakers: Our Mobile Speakers category is a portfolio of portable wireless Bluetooth speakers for music on the go. The top revenue-generating product in our Mobile Speakers category during fiscal year 2023 was Ultimate Ears BOOM 3 ("BOOM3"), our ruggedized portable Bluetooth wireless speaker. During fiscal year 2023, our collection of portable Bluetooth speakers included WONDERBOOM3, BOOM3, MEGABOOM3, and our largest most powerful speaker HYPERBOOM that delivers the loudest and most rich audio performance in the portfolio.
Audio & Wearables: Our Audio & Wearables category comprises PC speakers, PC headsets, in-ear headphones, premium wireless audio wearables designed to enhance the audio experience, and studio-quality Blue Microphones for professionals and consumers, such as Yeti, Yeti Nano and Yeti X.
Research and Development
We recognize that continued investment in product research and development is critical to facilitate innovation of new and improved products, technologies and experiences. Our research and development expenses for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $280.8 million, $291.8 million and $226.0 million, respectively. We expect to continue to devote significant resources to research and development, including devices for digital platforms, video communications, wireless technologies, power management, and user interfaces to sustain our competitive position.
Sales and Distribution
Principal Markets
Sales by geographic region (based on customers' location) for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended March 31,
2023 2022 2021
Americas $ 1,930,908 $ 2,317,941 $ 2,206,552
EMEA 1,299,657 1,724,027 1,735,682
Asia Pacific 1,308,253 1,439,133 1,310,045
Total Sales $ 4,538,818 $ 5,481,101 $ 5,252,279
Revenues from sales to customers in Switzerland, our country of domicile, represented 3% of our sales for each of fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021. In fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, revenues from sales to customers in the United States represented 35%, 34% and 35% of our sales, respectively. In fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, revenues from sales to customers in Germany represented 14%, 15% and 16% of our sales, respectively. Revenues
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from sales to customers in China represented 11% and 10% of our sales for fiscal year 2023 and 2022, respectively. No other country represented more than 10% of our sales for fiscal years 2023, 2022 or 2021.
Sales and Distribution
Our sales and marketing activities are organized into three geographic regions: the Americas (North and South America), EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa) and Asia Pacific (China, Japan, Australia, Taiwan, India and other countries).
We sell our products primarily to a network of distributors, retailers and e-tailers. We support these channels with our direct sales force and third-party distribution centers located in North America, South America, Europe and Asia Pacific.
Our distributor customers typically resell products to retailers, value-added resellers, systems integrators and other distributors with whom Logitech does not have a direct relationship.
Logitech's products can be purchased in a number of major retail chains, where we typically have access to significant shelf space. In addition, Logitech products can be purchased online either directly or indirectly from Logitech.com or through e-tailers, the websites of our major retail chains, and others. Logitech products are also carried by business-to-business direct market resellers.
In fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, Amazon Inc. and its affiliated entities together accounted for 19%, 17% and 13% of our gross sales, respectively. In fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, Ingram Micro Inc. and its affiliated entities together accounted for 13%, 15% and 14% of our gross sales, respectively. TD Synnex and its affiliate entities together accounted for 15% and 14% of our gross sales for fiscal year 2023 and 2022, respectively. No other customer individually accounted for more than 10% of our gross sales during fiscal years 2023, 2022 or 2021.
Customer Service and Technical Support
Our customer service organization provides user technical support, support related to product inquiry, and order support. We support these customer service functions with outsourced operations as well as inhouse support teams located in countries across the world. Outsourced locations include the Philippines, the United Kingdom, Japan, Bulgaria and China, and inhouse support is primarily located in the United States and India with several other locations in each region. Our customer service and technical personnel in each of our regions provide support services to retail purchasers of products through telephone, e-mail, forums, chat, and the Logitech Support website. For some of our brands, dedicated support websites and dedicated internal support teams are available. To improve our customers' experience and operate efficiently, we use technology to facilitate chatbot interactions, enable self-help and apply Artificial Intelligence to optimize support searches. We also have multiple walk-in centers in Korea and China, managed by third-party providers, where consumers may obtain service for their Logitech products. Consumers who have purchased Logitech products can visit these locations for product inspection, testing and return or exchange of products.
Logitech provides warranties on our branded products that range from one to five years. For our Video Collaboration category, we also work with channel partners to offer bundled support services with Logitech Video Collaboration solutions.
Manufacturing
Logitech's manufacturing operations consist principally of final assembly and testing. Since 1994, we have had our own manufacturing operations in Suzhou, China, which currently handles approximately 40% of our total production of products. We continue to focus on ensuring the efficiency of the Suzhou facilities, through the implementation of quality management, automation, process improvements, and employee involvement programs. We outsource the remaining production to contract manufacturers and original design manufacturers located principally in Asia. Both our in-house and outsourced manufacturing operations are managed by our worldwide operations group. The worldwide operations group also supports the business units and marketing and sales organizations through the management of distribution centers and the supply chain and logistics networks.
New product launches, process engineering, commodities management, logistics, quality assurance, operations management and management of Logitech's contract manufacturers occur in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Mexico, and Vietnam. Certain components are manufactured to Logitech's specifications by vendors in Asia, the United States, and Europe. We also use contract manufacturers to supplement internal capacity and to reduce volatility in production volumes. In addition, some products, including most keyboards, certain gaming
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devices, certain video conferencing devices, and certain audio products are manufactured by contract manufacturers to Logitech's specifications.
Our hybrid model of in-house manufacturing and contract manufacturers allows us to effectively respond to rapidly changing demand and leverage economies of scale. Through our high-volume manufacturing operations located in Suzhou, China, we believe we have been able to maintain strong quality process controls and have realized significant cost efficiencies. Our Suzhou operation provides for increased production capacity, manufacturing know-how, IP protection and greater flexibility in responding to product demand. Further, by outsourcing the manufacturing of certain products, we seek to reduce volatility in production volumes as well as improve time to market.
Competition
Our product categories are characterized by large, well-financed competitors, short product life cycles, continual performance enhancements, and rapid adoption of technological and product advancements by competitors in our retail markets. We have experienced aggressive price competition and other promotional activities from our primary competitors and less-established brands, including brands owned by some retail customers known as house brands. We may also encounter more competition if any of our competitors in one or more categories decide to enter other categories in which we currently operate.
As we target opportunities in new categories and markets and as some of our product categories demonstrate growth, we are confronting new competitors, many of which may have more experience in the categories or markets and have greater marketing resources and brand name recognition than we have. In addition, because of the continuing convergence of the markets for computing devices and consumer electronics, we expect greater competition in the future from well-established consumer electronics companies in our developing categories, as well as future ones we might enter. Many of these companies have greater financial, technical, sales, marketing, and other resources than we have.
We expect continued competitive pressure in our business, including in the terms and conditions that our competitors offer customers, which may be more favorable than our terms and conditions and may require us to take actions to increase our customer incentive programs, which could impact our sales and operating margins.
Creativity and Productivity
Pointing Devices: Apple Inc. ("Apple"), Microsoft Corporation ("Microsoft"), Lenovo Group Ltd (“Lenovo”), Dell Technologies Inc. ("Dell"), and HP Inc. are our main competitors worldwide. We also experience competition and pricing pressure from less-established brands, including house brands and local competitors in Asian markets, such as Elecom Co., Ltd., Buffalo Inc., Shenzhen Rapoo Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen Rapoo”), and Xiaomi Corporation.
Keyboards & Combos: Microsoft and Apple are the main competitors in our PC keyboard and combo product lines. We also experience competition and pricing pressure for corded and cordless keyboards and combos from less-established brands, including house brands and local competitors in Asian markets, such as Shenzhen Rapoo, IKBC, and Xiaomi Corporation.
PC Webcams: Our primary competitors for PC webcams are Microsoft, Cisco and other manufacturers taking smaller market share such as Razer Inc ("Razer") and HIKVision.
Tablet & Other Accessories: Competitors in the tablet keyboard market are Apple, Zagg Inc., Kensington Computer Products Group, Belkin International, Inc., Targus Corporation and other less-established brands. Although we are one of the leaders in the tablet keyboard market and continue to bring innovative offerings to the market, we expect the competition may increase. Competitors in the tablet case market include Apple, Otter Products LLC, Speck Products and a large number of smaller brands.
Gaming
Competitors for our gaming products include Razer, Corsair Gaming, Inc., SteelSeries (owned by GN), Turtle Beach Corporation and HyperX (owned by HP Inc.), among others.
Video Collaboration
Our competitors for Video Collaboration products include Cisco Systems, Inc., Poly (owned by HP Inc.), Jabra (owned by GN), AVer Information Inc., Neat and Yealink (Xiamen) Network Technology Co.Ltd, among others.
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Music
Mobile Speakers: Our competitors for Bluetooth wireless speakers include Bose Corporation ("Bose"), Harman International Industries, Inc (owned by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Harman owns JBL and has Harman Kardon as a division), and Beats Electronics LLC ("Beats") (owned by Apple), among others. Harman is our largest competitor. Personal voice assistants and other devices that offer music, such as Sonos, Amazon's Echo, Google Home (owned by Alphabet, Inc.) and Apple HomePod, also compete with our products. Amazon is also a significant customer of our products.
Audio & Wearables: For PC speakers, our competitors include Bose, Cyber Acoustics LLC, and Creative Labs, Inc., among others.
For PC headsets, our main competitors include Poly (owned by HP Inc.) and Jabra (owned by GN), among others. In-ear headphones competitors include Beats, Bose, Apple, Sony Corporation ("Sony"), JBL and Sennheiser, among others.
Our competitors for Blue Microphones products include Rode Microphones LLC, Audio Technica Corporation, Samson Technologies Corp., Shure Incorporated, Razer and Apogee Electronics Corp., among others.
Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights
Intellectual property rights that apply to Logitech's products and services include patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.
We hold various United States patents and pending applications, together with corresponding patents and pending applications from other countries. While we believe that patent protection is important, we also believe that patents are of less competitive significance than factors such as technological innovation, ease of use, and quality design. No single patent is in itself essential to Logitech as a whole. From time to time, we receive claims that we may be infringing on patents or other intellectual property rights of others. As appropriate, claims are referred to legal counsel, and current claims are in various stages of evaluation and negotiation. If necessary or desirable, we may seek licenses for certain intellectual property rights. Refer also to the discussion in Item 1A "Risk Factors-"We may be unable to protect our proprietary rights. Unauthorized use of our technology may result in the development of products that compete with our products." and "Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology could adversely affect our business."
To distinguish genuine Logitech products from competing products and counterfeit products, Logitech has used, registered, or applied to register certain trademarks and trade names in the United States and other countries and jurisdictions. Logitech enforces its trademark and trade name rights in the United States and other countries. In addition, the software for Logitech's products and services is entitled to copyright protection, and we generally require our customers to obtain a software license before providing them with that software. We also protect details about our products and services as trade secrets through employee training, license and non-disclosure agreements, technical measures and other reasonable efforts to preserve confidentiality.
Material Government Regulations
We conduct operations in a number of countries and we are subject to a variety of laws and regulations which vary from country to country. Such laws and regulations include, in addition to environmental regulations described below, tax, import/export and anti-corruption laws, varying accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, import or export restrictions or licensing requirements, trade protection measures, custom duties, tariffs, import or export duties, and other trade barriers, restrictions and regulations.
While we incur increasing costs to comply with such other government regulations, we do not believe that our compliance with such requirements will have a material effect on our capital expenditures, competitive position, consolidated results of operations, earnings, or cash flows. Nonetheless, as discussed below, we believe that certain environmental, social and governance ("ESG") regulations could potentially materially impact our business.
For more information about such regulations and how they may impact us, see "Risks Related to our Global Operations and Regulatory Environment" and “We are subject to risks related to our environmental, social and governance ("ESG") activities and disclosures” in Item 1A "Risk Factors" and Note 7-Income Taxes in our Notes to consolidated financial statements below.
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Environmental Regulation
We are subject to environmental regulations in a number of jurisdictions, including the following regulations:
Targeted Substances. Our operations are subject to regulation under various federal, state, local and foreign laws concerning the environment, including laws addressing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, and the cleanup of contaminated sites. We could incur costs, including cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions, and third-party damage or personal injury claims, if we were to violate or become liable under environmental laws.
Our products are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws governing chemical substances in products and their safe use, including laws regulating the manufacture and distribution of chemical substances and laws restricting the presence of certain substances in electronics products.
Stewardship: In Europe, Logitech products are regulated by a number of end-of-life stewardship directives including the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”) Directive, the Packaging Directive and the Battery Directive, which require producers of electrical goods, packaging, and batteries to finance the collection, recycling, treatment and disposal of relevant products. Similar legislation exists in many countries worldwide. There are stewardship costs associated with the end-of-life collection, recycling and recovery of Logitech products, packaging and batteries where Logitech is recognized as the steward and participates in relevant programs. The cost requirements are industry requirements and therefore do not represent an undue burden relative to Logitech's competitive position.
Conflict Minerals: Sourcing of certain metals is regulated under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, specifically Section 1502, which addresses the use of "Conflict Minerals" in the supply chain. Similar legislation is emerging in other countries worldwide. We have established systems which facilitate our compliance with the sourcing, traceability and reporting obligations and the reporting requirements of this Act aligned with guidelines published by the Securities and Exchange Commission. As a member of the Responsible Business Alliance (“RBA”) and the Responsible Minerals Initiative ("RMI"), we participate in the industry-wide Conflict-Free Sourcing Initiative and its Responsible Minerals Assessment Program (“RMAP”). The RMAP standards are considered industry best practice and are developed to meet the requirements of the OECD Due Diligence Guidance, the Regulation ("EU") 2017/821 of the European Parliament and the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Modern Slavery: Our commitment to combat slavery and human trafficking is underpinned by the Transparency in Supply Chain Act of 2010 (S.B. 657), the United Kingdom Modern Slavery Act of 2015, the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010, the Australian Modern Slavery Act of 2018 and existing or emerging similar legislation worldwide. We utilize our formalized commitment to the United Nations Global Compact ("UNGC") adherence to the RBA code of conduct and transparently report our programs to identify and eradicate slavery and human trafficking in our global supply chains.
Climate & Carbon: Our operations, supply chain and products are not currently subject to carbon pricing or other legally required carbon taxation or penalties. We have made a voluntary adherence to the Paris Accord international agreement for climate action and we have developed and adopted the principle of Design for Sustainability ("DfS") and Carbon Transparency to catalyze reductions in our corporate carbon footprint, uptake of renewable power and materials and our journey to net zero. With our annual Sustainability Report and Carbon Disclosure Project reports, we report progress, risks and opportunities around climate and carbon.
Our operations, supply chain and our products are expected to become increasingly subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations and international treaties relating to climate change, such as climate disclosure, carbon pricing or product energy efficiency requirements, requiring us to comply or potentially face market access limitations or other sanctions including fines. We strive to continually improve the energy and carbon efficiency of our operations, supply chain and product portfolio through our DfS deployment during product development. We are committed to carbon transparency through product carbon footprint labeling and ensuring that the consumer is engaged and aware of the impact of their purchase. We believe that this consumer centric approach is fundamental in moving towards a more sustainable future and we are collaborating with industry and business groups to find and promote ways to achieve broader adoption of this approach.
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Energy: A number of our products are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws governing energy management or encouraging manufacturers and importers to produce products designed to minimize overall environmental impact.
The effects on Logitech's business of complying with these environmental regulations currently are limited to the cost of agency fees and testing required to obtain agency approvals. The costs and schedule requirements are industry requirements and therefore do not represent an undue burden relative to Logitech's competitive position.
Seasonality
Our product sales are typically seasonal. Sales are generally highest during our third fiscal quarter (October to December) primarily due to the increased consumer demand for our products during the year-end holiday buying season and year-end spending by enterprises. Cash flow is correspondingly lower in the first half of our fiscal year as we typically build inventories in advance for the third quarter and we pay an annual dividend following our Annual General Meeting, which is typically in September. Due to the timing of our new product introductions, which could occur at any point during the fiscal year, we believe that year-over-year comparisons are more indicative of variability in our results of operations than the current quarter to prior quarter comparisons.
Materials
We purchase certain products and key components used in our products from a limited number of sources. Lead times for materials, components, and products ordered by us or by our contract manufacturers can vary significantly and depend on factors such as contract terms, demand for a component, our ability to forecast product demand, and supplier capacity. From time to time, we have experienced component shortages and extended lead times on semiconductors, such as micro-controllers and optical sensors, and base metals used in our products. Shortages or interruptions in the supply of components or subcontracted products, or our inability to procure these components or products from alternate sources at acceptable prices in a timely manner, could delay shipment of our products or increase our production costs.
Human Capital Resources
Employees
Our human capital resources include persons employed directly by us or indirectly through contingent workforce arrangements. As of March 31, 2023, we employed approximately 7,400 persons, of which approximately 2,400 were employed, directly and indirectly, in our Suzhou manufacturing operations. None of Logitech's U.S. direct employees are represented by a labor union or are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Certain other countries, such as China, provide by law for employee rights, which include requirements similar to collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our employee relations are good.
We rely on different programs and initiatives to support our goals. Some of our key human capital management programs are summarized below.
Diversity and Inclusion
We believe that reflecting the diverse world in which we live - through our people and by fostering an inclusive culture - provides us with the foundation needed to create experiences that enable all people to pursue their passions, which is our corporate purpose. Our direct employees are located across Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific and bring a range of perspectives and skills to Logitech. As of March 31, 2023, 46% of our office employees were located in Asia-Pacific, 30% in the Americas, and 24% in EMEA. As of March 31, 2023, females represented 38% of our global office employees, 36% of our manufacturing workforce, and 34% were in managerial roles. In the U.S., underrepresented minorities (defined as Black or African American, Asian, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) represented 47% of our workforce, and 44% were in managerial roles.
To foster a more inclusive environment, we offer training sessions to emphasize awareness of self, bias and privilege, and inclusion. In addition, to measure our employees’ satisfaction at Logitech, we distribute a bi-annual employee engagement survey. Most recently, we conducted a survey in December 2022, in which 85% of our global office employees participated. As part of the survey, employees provided weighted feedback on their experience at Logitech, on measures such as happiness, retention and their perspective on our current state of workplace inclusivity at Logitech.
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Safety, Health and Well-being
We look to safeguard the safety, health and well-being of all members of the Logitech team. We implement training and communication programs across the business each year to ensure employee awareness of the importance of health and safety management and our key programs and provisions. To help us ensure the safety, health and well-being of employees at our production facility in Suzhou, China, we follow the RBA Code of Conduct and have an Environmental, Health and Safety ("EHS") Management System that is certified to ISO 14001 and ISO 45001. We implement the RBA Code as a full supply chain initiative. Further, we operate an audit and verification program to verify compliance with the RBA code. We believe health and well-being are critical to our employee’s personal and professional success and provide, in addition to healthcare benefits, wellness tools, resources and programs designed to help employees achieve good physical, financial, emotional, intellectual and social well-being.
Talent Acquisition and Development
Our geographic diversity gives Logitech an excellent foundation to recruit diverse talent from around the world. We believe that the entire talent process must be executed through a lens of equity and inclusion. We provide learning and development tools and resources to all our employees through our key programs. Our talent development program includes a dedicated training center at our production facility, a number of workshop-based, leadership development, mentorship, coaching career development and team building programs that remain available remotely.
Information About Our Executive Officers. The following sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers as of May 17, 2023:
Name Age Nationality Position
Bracken Darrell 60 U.S. President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Charles Boynton 55 U.S. Chief Financial Officer
Prakash Arunkundrum 48 U.S. Chief Operating Officer
Samantha Harnett 47 U.S. Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary
Bracken Darrell joined Logitech as President in April 2012 and became Chief Executive Officer in January 2013. Prior to joining Logitech, Mr. Darrell served as President of Whirlpool EMEA and Executive Vice President of Whirlpool Corporation, a home appliance manufacturer and marketing company, from January 2009 to March 2012. Previously, Mr. Darrell had been Senior Vice President, Operations of Whirlpool EMEA from May 2008 to January 2009. From 2002 to May 2008, Mr. Darrell was with the Procter & Gamble Company ("P&G"), a consumer brand company, most recently as the President of its Braun GmbH subsidiary. Prior to rejoining P&G in 2002, Mr. Darrell served in various executive and managerial positions with General Electric Company from 1997 to 2002, with P&G from 1991 to 1997, and with PepsiCo Inc. from 1987 to 1989. Mr. Darrell holds a BA degree from Hendrix College and an MBA from Harvard University.
Charles Boynton joined Logitech as Chief Financial Officer in February 2023. Prior to joining Logitech, Mr. Boynton served as the Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Plantronics, Inc. (dba Poly), a technology company specializing in video and video solutions as well as team collaboration, from March 2019 to October 2022. Prior to joining Poly, Mr. Boynton served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of SunPower Corporation, a global energy company and provider of solar power solutions, from March 2012 to May 2018, and continued as an Executive Vice President until July 2018. Mr. Boynton also served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of 8point3 General Partner LLC, the general partner of 8point3 Energy Partners LP, an affiliate of SunPower, from March 2015 to June 2018. From 2010 to 2018, Mr. Boynton held various leadership positions at SunPower, including Principal Accounting Officer, Acting Chief Financial Officer and Vice President, Finance and Corporate Development. Earlier in his career, Mr. Boynton held key financial positions at Intelliden, Commerce One, Inc., Kraft Foods, Inc., and Grant Thornton, LLP. Mr. Boynton currently serves on the Board of Directors of Nextracker Inc. Mr. Boynton earned his master’s degree in business administration at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University Bloomington.
Prakash Arunkundrum is Logitech’s Chief Operating Officer, a position he has held since February 2023. He was previously Logitech's Head of Global Operations & Sustainability, a role he held from May 2018. He joined Logitech in 2015 and held operations positions as Vice President New Product Introductions & Strategic Initiatives from August 2015 to July 2016 and Vice President Global Sourcing and New Product Introductions from July 2016 to May 2018. Prior to joining Logitech, Mr. Arunkundrum was a Principal at A.T. Kearney, a global management
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consulting firm, from July 2014 to August 2015. He also served as Director, Management Consulting at PricewaterhouseCoopers, a multinational professional services network of firms, from September 2011 to July 2014 and Principal at PRTM Management Consultants LLC, a management consulting firm acquired by PricewaterhouseCoopers, from March 2010 to September 2011. Prior to his management consulting roles, Mr. Arunkundrum held several management positions at i2 Technologies, a supply chain management company acquired by JDA Software, from March 2007 to February 2010. Early in his career, he held product management positions at supply chain startups and i2 Technologies. Mr. Arunkundrum holds a BTech degree in Chemical Engineering from Central ElectroChemical Research Institute ("CECRI") in Karaikudi, India and a Master of Science in Materials Engineering from University of Maryland at College Park.
Samantha Harnett joined Logitech as General Counsel in June 2020 and became Chief Legal Officer in April 2023. Prior to joining Logitech, Ms. Harnett served in various legal and management roles at Eventbrite, Inc., a global self-service ticketing and experience technology platform, most recently as Chief Legal and Operations Officer from October 2019 to June 2020. While at Eventbrite, she also served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel from May 2018 to October 2019 and Vice President, General Counsel from November 2015 to May 2018. From March 2005 to November 2015, Ms. Harnett served in various positions at ZipRealty, Inc., a real estate technology and online brokerage company, including most recently as General Counsel and Senior Vice President of Business Development from October 2009 to November 2015. She also served as an associate at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and Rosati, P.C. Ms. Harnett holds a BA degree from California State University, Chico and a JD from Santa Clara University School of Law.
Available Information
Our Investor Relations website is located at https://ir.logitech.com. We post and maintain an archive of our earnings and other press releases, current reports, annual and quarterly reports, earnings release schedule, information regarding annual general meetings, further information on corporate governance, and other information regarding the Company on the Investor Relations website. The information we post includes filings we make with the SEC, including reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, and our proxy statement related to our annual shareholders' meeting and any amendments to those reports or statements filed or furnished pursuant to U.S. securities laws or Swiss laws. All such filings and information are available free of charge on the website, and we make them available on the website as soon as reasonably possible after we file or furnish them with the SEC. The contents of these websites are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this report or in any other report or document we file and our references to these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.
In addition, Logitech publishes press releases upon the occurrence of significant events within Logitech. Shareholders and members of the public may elect to receive alerts when Logitech issues press releases upon the occurrence of significant events within Logitech or other press releases by subscribing through
http://ir.logitech.com/alerts.cfm.
As a Swiss company traded on the SIX Swiss Exchange, and as a company subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we file reports on transactions in Logitech securities by members of Logitech's Board of Directors and executive officers. The reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Forms 3, 4 and 5, along with our other SEC filings, may be accessed on our website or on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at http://www.sec.gov, and the reports we file that are published by the SIX Swiss Exchange may be accessed at
http://www.six-exchange-regulation.com/obligations/management_transactions_en.html.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risk factors summarized and disclosed below could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, and may cause volatility in the price of our shares. These are not all the risks we face and other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business if they occur. See also the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including in Part I, Item 1 "Business," Part II, Item 7 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes.
Summary of Risk Factors
Risks Related to our Business
•If we fail to innovate and develop new products in a timely and cost-effective manner for our new and existing product categories, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
•If we do not successfully execute on our growth opportunities, or if our growth opportunities are more limited than we expect, our operating results and future growth could be adversely affected.
•We purchase key components and products from a limited number of sources, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected if supply were delayed or constrained or if there were shortages of required components.
•Our principal manufacturing operations and third-party contract manufacturers are located in China and Southeast Asia, which exposes us to risks associated with doing business in that geographic area as well as potential tariffs, adverse trade regulations, adverse tax consequences and pressure to move or diversify our manufacturing locations.
•If we do not successfully coordinate the worldwide manufacturing and distribution of our products, we could lose sales and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
•If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brands, or if our brands or reputation are damaged, our reputation, business and operating results could be adversely affected.
•If we do not compete effectively, demand for our products could decline and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
•We rely on third parties to sell and distribute our products, and we rely on their information to manage our business. Disruption of our relationship with these channel partners, changes in or issues with their business practices, their failure to provide timely and accurate information, changes in distribution partners, practices or models, conflicts among our channels of distribution, or failure to build and scale our own sales force for certain product categories and enterprise channel partners could adversely affect our business, results of operations, operating cash flows and financial condition.
•If we do not accurately forecast market demand for our products, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
•Our business depends in part on access to third-party platforms or technologies, and if access thereto is withdrawn, denied, or is not available on terms acceptable to us, or if the platforms or technologies change without notice to us, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
•Our success largely depends on our ability to manage, hire, retain, integrate and motivate sufficient numbers of qualified personnel, including senior leadership. Our strategy and our ability to innovate, design
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and produce new products, sell products, maintain operating margins and control expenses depend on key personnel that may be difficult to replace.
•As we focus on growth opportunities, we are divesting or discontinuing non-strategic product categories, or pursuing strategic acquisitions and investments, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
•As we continue our efforts to lower our costs and improve our operational efficiency, we may not fully realize our goals.
•Product quality issues could adversely affect our reputation, business and operating results.
Risks Related to Global Nature of our Operations and Regulatory Environment
•Adverse global and regional economic and geopolitical conditions can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•We conduct operations in a number of countries and have invested significantly in growing our sales and marketing activities in China, and the effect of business, legal and political risks associated with international operations could adversely affect us.
•Changes in trade policy and regulations in the United States and other countries, including changes in trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•Our financial performance is subject to risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
•We are subject to risks related to our environmental, social and governance ("ESG") activities and disclosures.
•As a company operating in many markets and jurisdictions, expanding into new growth categories, and engaging in acquisitions, and as a Swiss, dual-listed company, we are subject to risks associated with new, existing and potential future laws and regulations.
•As a result of changes in tax laws, treaties, rulings, regulations or agreements, or their interpretation, of Switzerland or any other country in which we operate, the loss of a major tax dispute or a successful challenge to our operating structure, intercompany pricing policies or the taxable presence of our key subsidiaries in certain countries, or other factors, our effective income tax rates may increase, which could adversely affect our net income and cash flows.
•We maintain cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions and are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by such financial institutions.
Risks Related to Confidential Information, Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Intellectual Property
•Losses or unauthorized access to or releases of confidential information could adversely affect our business and result in significant reputational, financial and legal consequences.
•The collection, storage, transmission, use and distribution of personal data could give rise to liabilities and additional costs of operation as a result of laws, governmental regulation and risks of data breaches and security incidents.
•Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology could adversely affect our business.
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•We may be unable to protect our proprietary rights. Unauthorized use of our technology may result in the development of products that compete with our products.
Risks Related to our Financial Results
•Our operating results are difficult to predict and fluctuations in results may cause volatility in the price of our shares.
•Our gross margins can vary significantly depending on multiple factors, which can result in unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results.
•We cannot ensure that our share repurchase programs will be fully utilized or that it will enhance long-term shareholder value. Share repurchases may also increase the volatility of the trading price of our shares. We similarly cannot ensure that we will continue to increase our dividend payments or to pay dividends at all. Share repurchases and dividends diminish our cash reserves.
Risk Factors
Risks Related to our Business
If we fail to innovate and develop new products in a timely and cost-effective manner for our new and existing product categories, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
Our product categories are characterized by short product life cycles, intense competition, frequent new product introductions, rapidly changing technology, dynamic consumer demand and evolving industry standards. As a result, we must continually innovate in our new and existing product categories, introduce new products and technologies, and enhance existing products in order to remain competitive.
The success of our product portfolio depends on several factors, including our ability to:
•Identify new features, functionality and opportunities;
•Anticipate technology, market trends and consumer preferences;
•Develop innovative, high-quality, and reliable new products and enhancements in a cost-effective and timely manner;
•Distinguish our products from those of our competitors; and
•Offer our products at prices and on terms that are attractive to our customers and consumers.
The development of new products and services can be very difficult and requires high levels of innovation. The development process also can be lengthy and costly. There are significant initial expenditures for research and development, tooling, manufacturing processes, inventory and marketing, and we may not be able to recover those investments. If we fail to accurately anticipate technological trends or our users’ needs or preferences, are unable to complete the development of products and services in a cost-effective and timely fashion or are unable to appropriately increase production to fulfill customer demand, we will be unable to successfully introduce new products and services into the market or compete with other providers. Even if we complete the development of our new products and services in a cost-effective and timely manner, they may not be competitive with products developed by others, they may not achieve acceptance in the market at anticipated levels or at all, they may not be profitable or, even if they are profitable, they may not achieve margins as high as our expectations or as high as the margins we have achieved historically.
As we introduce new or enhanced products, integrate new technology into new or existing products, or reduce the overall number of products offered, we face risks including, among other things, disruption in customers’ ordering patterns, excessive levels of new and existing product inventories, revenue deterioration in our existing product lines, insufficient supplies of new products to meet customers’ demand, possible product and technology defects, and a potentially different sales and support environment. Premature announcements or leaks of new products, features or technologies may exacerbate some of these risks by reducing the effectiveness of our product launches, reducing sales volumes of current products due to anticipated future products, making it more difficult to
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compete, shortening the period of differentiation based on our product innovation, straining relationships with our partners or increasing market expectations for the results of our new products before we have had an opportunity to demonstrate the market viability of the products. Our failure to manage the transition to new products and services or the integration of new technology into new or existing products and services could adversely affect our business, results of operations, operating cash flows and financial condition.
If we do not successfully execute on our growth opportunities, or if our growth opportunities are more limited than we expect, our operating results and future growth could be adversely affected.
Our future growth depends on growth opportunities and as a result, we are attempting to diversify our product category portfolio. Our investments may not result in the growth we expect, or when we expect it, for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to, changes in growth trends, evolving and changing markets and increasing competition, market opportunities, and product innovation.
Our growth opportunities and those we may pursue are subject to constant and rapidly changing and evolving technologies and evolving industry standards and may be replaced by new technology concepts or platforms. Some of these growth categories and opportunities are also characterized by short product cycles, frequent new product introductions and enhancements and rapidly changing and evolving consumer preferences with respect to design and features that require calculated risk-taking and fast responsiveness and result in short opportunities to establish a market presence. In addition, some of these growth categories and opportunities are characterized by price competition, erosion of premium-priced segments and average selling prices, commoditization, and sensitivity to general economic conditions and cyclical downturns. The growth opportunities and strength and number of competitors that we face in all of our product categories mean that we are at risk of new competitors coming to market with more innovative products that are more attractive to customers than ours or priced more competitively. If we do not develop innovative and reliable product offerings and enhancements in a cost-effective and timely manner that are attractive to consumers in these markets, if we are otherwise unsuccessful entering and competing in these growth categories or responding to our many competitors and to the rapidly changing conditions in these growth categories, if the growth categories in which we invest our limited resources do not emerge as the opportunities or do not produce the growth or profitability we expect, or when we expect it, or if we do not correctly anticipate changes and evolutions in technology and platforms, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In addition, we rely on our go-to-market capability to leverage on those growth opportunities, market our products and compete effectively with a goal of strengthening our sales. If we are not able to develop and maintain our go-to-market capabilities and processes, in particular the continued development of our enterprise salesforce and strategy, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We purchase key components and products from a limited number of sources, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected if supply were delayed or constrained or if there were shortages of required components.
We purchase certain products and key components from a limited number of sources. If the supply of these products or key components were to be delayed or constrained, impacted by global shortages of semiconductor chips, or if one or more of our single-source suppliers experience disruptions or go out of business as a result of adverse global economic conditions, natural disasters or regional or global pandemics, including COVID-19, we might be unable to find a new supplier on acceptable terms, or at all, and our product shipments to our customers could be delayed, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Lead times for materials, components and products ordered by us or by our contract manufacturers can vary significantly and depend on factors such as contract terms, demand for a component, and supplier capacity. From time to time, we have experienced component shortages and extended lead times on semiconductors, such as microcontrollers and optical sensors, and base metals used in our products. Shortages or interruptions in the supply of components or subcontracted products, or our inability to procure these components or products from alternate sources at acceptable prices in a timely manner, could delay shipment of our products or increase our production costs, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
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Our principal manufacturing operations and third-party contract manufacturers are located in China and Southeast Asia, which exposes us to risks associated with doing business in that geographic area as well as potential tariffs, adverse trade regulations, adverse tax consequences and pressure to move or diversify our manufacturing locations.
We produce approximately 40% of our products at the facilities we own in China. The majority of our other production is performed by third-party contract manufacturers, including original design manufacturers, in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Mexico, and Vietnam.
Our manufacturing operations in China have been in the past and could in the future be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the interpretation and enforcement of legal standards, strains on China’s available labor pool, changes in labor costs and other employment dynamics, high turnover among Chinese employees, infrastructure issues, import-export issues, cross-border intellectual property and technology restrictions, currency transfer restrictions, natural disasters, regional or global pandemics, conflicts or disagreements between China and Taiwan or China and the United States, labor unrest, and other trade customs and practices that are dissimilar to those in the United States and Europe. Interpretation and enforcement of China’s laws and regulations continue to evolve, and we expect differences in interpretation and enforcement to continue in the foreseeable future.
Our manufacturing operations at third-party contractors could be adversely affected by contractual disagreements, by labor unrest, by natural disasters, by regional or global pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, by wars and armed conflicts, by strains on local communications, trade, and other infrastructures, by competition for the available labor pool or manufacturing capacity, by increasing labor and other costs, and by other trade customs and practices that are dissimilar to those in the United States and Europe.
Further, we have been exposed in the past and may be exposed to fluctuations in the value of the local currency in the countries in which manufacturing occurs. Future appreciation of these local currencies could increase our component and other raw material costs. In addition, our labor costs could continue to rise as wage rates increase and the available labor pool declines. These conditions could adversely affect our financial results.
If we do not successfully coordinate the worldwide manufacturing and distribution of our products, we could lose sales and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
If we do not successfully coordinate the timely manufacturing and distribution of our products, if our manufacturers, distribution logistics providers or transport providers are not able to successfully and timely process our business or if we do not receive timely and accurate information from such providers, and especially if we expand into new product categories or our business grows in volume, we may have an insufficient supply of products to meet customer demand or experience a build-up in inventory. As a result, we could lose sales or incur additional costs which could adversely affect our financial performance.
By locating our manufacturing in China and Southeast Asia, we are reliant on third parties to get our products to distributors around the world. Transportation costs, fuel costs, labor unrest, natural disasters, regional or global pandemics, military conflicts, and other adverse effects on our ability, timing and cost of delivering products can increase our inventory, decrease our margins, adversely affect our relationships with distributors and other customers and otherwise adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
A significant portion of our quarterly retail orders and product deliveries generally occur in the last weeks of the fiscal quarter. This places pressure on our supply chain and could adversely affect our revenues and profitability if we are unable to successfully fulfill customer orders.
If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brands, or if our brands or reputation are damaged, our reputation, business and operating results could be adversely affected.
We have developed long-term value in our brands and have invested significantly in design and in our existing and new brands over the past several years. We believe that our design and brands have significantly contributed to the success of our business and that maintaining and enhancing our brands is very important to our future growth and success. Maintaining and enhancing our brands will require significant investments and will depend largely on our future design, products and marketing, which may not be successful and may damage our brands. Our brands and reputation are also dependent on third parties, such as suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, product
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reviewers and the media as well as online consumer product reviews, consumer recommendations and referrals. It can take significant time, resources and expense to overcome negative publicity, reviews or perception. Any negative effect on our brands, regardless of whether it is in our control, could adversely affect our reputation, business and results of operations.
If we do not compete effectively, demand for our products could decline and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
The industry in which we operate is intensely competitive. Most of our product categories are characterized by large, well-financed competitors with strong brand names and highly effective research and development, marketing and sales capabilities, short product life cycles, continual performance enhancements, and rapid adoption of technological and product advancements by competitors in our product markets. We also experience aggressive price competition and other promotional activities from our primary competitors and from less-established brands, including brands owned by retail customers known as house brands. As we shift the focus of our marketing efforts in certain categories from a push model to a demand-generating pull model, the pressures from this competition and from our distribution channels, combined with the implementation risks of such a strategy shift, could adversely affect our competitive position, market share and business. In addition, our competitors may offer customers terms and conditions that may be more favorable than our terms and conditions and may require us to take actions to maintain or increase our customer incentive programs, which could impact our revenues and operating margins.
In addition, because of the continuing convergence of the markets for computing devices and consumer electronics, we expect greater competition in the future from well-established consumer electronics companies in our developing categories as well as in future categories we might enter.
Microsoft, Apple, Google and Amazon are leading producers of operating systems, hardware, platforms and applications with which our mice, keyboards, wireless speakers and other products are designed to operate. As a result, Microsoft, Apple, Google and Amazon each may be able to improve the functionality of its products, if any, or may choose to show preference to our competitors' products, to correspond with ongoing enhancements to its operating systems, hardware and software applications before we are able to make such improvements. This ability could provide Microsoft, Apple, Google, Amazon or other competitors with significant lead-time advantages. In addition, Microsoft, Apple, Google, Amazon or other competitors may be able to control distribution channels or offer pricing advantages on bundled hardware and software products that we may not be able to offer, and maybe financially positioned to exert significant downward pressure on product prices and upward pressure on promotional incentives in order to gain market share. For additional information, see "Competition” in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We rely on third parties to sell and distribute our products, and we rely on their information to manage our business. Disruption of our relationship with these channel partners, changes in or issues with their business practices, their failure to provide timely and accurate information, changes in distribution partners, practices or models, conflicts among our channels of distribution, or failure to build and scale our own sales force for certain product categories and enterprise channel partners could adversely affect our business, results of operations, operating cash flows and financial condition.
We primarily sell our products to a network of distributors, retailers, e-tailers and enterprise customers (together with our direct sales channel partners). We are dependent on those direct sales channel partners to distribute and sell our products to indirect sales channel partners and ultimately to consumers. The sales and business practices of all such sales channel partners, their compliance with laws and regulations, and their reputations - of which we may or may not be aware - may affect our business and our reputation.
While our overall distribution relationships are diffuse, in fiscal year 2023 and 2022 our gross sales were concentrated with three customers - Amazon Inc., Ingram Micro and TD Synnex - and their affiliated entities. We do not have long-term commitments with those customers. If online sales grow as a percentage of overall sales, we expect that we will become even more reliant on Amazon. While we believe that we have good relationships with Amazon, Ingram Micro and TD Synnex, any adverse change in those relationships could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
The impact of economic conditions, labor issues, natural disasters, regional or global pandemics, evolving consumer preferences, and purchasing patterns on our distribution partners, or competition between our sales channels, could result in sales channel disruption. Any loss of a major partner or distribution channel or other
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channel disruption could make us more dependent on alternate channels, increase pricing and promotional pressures from other partners and distribution channels, increase our marketing costs, or adversely impact buying and inventory patterns, payment terms or other contractual terms, sell-through or delivery of our products to consumers, our reputation and brand equity, or our market share.
Our sales channel partners also sell products offered by our competitors and, in the case of retailer house brands, may also be our competitors. If product competitors offer our sales channel partners more favorable terms, have more products available to meet their needs, or utilize the leverage of broader product lines sold through the channel, or if our sales channel partners show preference for their own house brands, our sales channel partners may de-emphasize or decline to carry our products. In addition, certain of our sales channel partners could decide to de-emphasize the product categories that we offer in exchange for other product categories that they believe provide them with higher returns. If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with these sales channel partners or to maintain our distribution channels, our business will suffer.
As we expand into new product categories and markets in pursuit of growth, we will have to build relationships with new channel partners and adapt to new distribution and marketing models. These new partners, practices and models may require significant management attention and operational resources and may affect our accounting, including revenue recognition, gross margins, and the ability to make comparisons from period to period. Certain product categories, such as Video Collaboration, also require that we further build and scale our own enterprise sales force. Several of our competitors already have large enterprise sales forces and experience and success with that sales model. If we are unable to build successful distribution channels, build and scale our own enterprise sales force, or successfully market our products in these new product categories, we may not be able to take advantage of the growth opportunities, and our business and our ability to grow our business could be adversely affected.
We reserve for cooperative marketing arrangements, incentive programs and pricing programs with our sales channel partners. These reserves are based on judgments and estimates, using historical experience rates, inventory levels in distribution, current trends and other factors. There could be significant differences between the actual costs of such arrangements and programs and our estimates.
We use sell-through data, which represents sales of our products by our direct retailer and e-tailer customers to consumers, and by our distributor customers to their customers, along with other metrics, to assess consumer demand for our products. Sell-through data is subject to limitations due to collection methods and the third-party nature of the data and thus may not be an accurate indicator of actual consumer demand for our products. The customers supplying sell-through data vary by geographic region and from period to period, but typically represent a majority of our retail sales. In addition, we rely on channel inventory data from our sales channel partners. If we do not receive this information on a timely and accurate basis, if this information is not accurate, or if we do not properly interpret this information, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
If we do not accurately forecast market demand for our products, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
We use our forecasts of product demand to make decisions regarding investments of our resources and production levels of our products. Although we receive forecasts from our customers, many are not obligated to purchase the forecasted demand. Also, actual sales volumes for individual products in our retail distribution channel can be volatile due to changes in consumer preferences and other reasons. In addition, our products have short product life cycles, so a failure to accurately predict high demand for a product can result in lost sales that we may not recover in subsequent periods, or higher product costs if we meet demand by paying higher costs for materials, production and delivery. Our failure to predict low demand for a product can result in excess inventory, lower cash flows and lower margins if we are required to reduce product prices in order to reduce inventories.
If our sales channel partners have excess inventory of our products or decide to decrease their inventories for any reason, they may decrease the number of products they acquire in subsequent periods, which could cause disruption in our business and adversely affect our forecasts and sales.
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In addition, market demand remains less predictable and more volatile than pre-COVID-19, partially due to the current macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions. As a result, we have experienced in the past and may continue experiencing large differences between our forecasts and actual demand for our products that may result in excess inventory or product unavailability, inventory and restructuring reserves, increases in operational logistics and other costs, damaged relationships with suppliers or customers, opportunities for our competitors, and lost market share and revenue. If we do not accurately predict product demand, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
Our business depends in part on access to third-party platforms or technologies, and if access thereto is withdrawn, denied, or is not available on terms acceptable to us, or if the platforms or technologies change without notice to us, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
Our product portfolio includes current and future products designed for use with third-party platforms or software, such as the Apple iPad, iPod, iPhone and Siri, Android phones and tablets, Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa. Our business in these categories relies on our access to the platforms of third parties, some of whom are our competitors. Platform owners that are competitors have a competitive advantage in designing products for their platforms and may produce peripherals or other products that work better, or are perceived to work better, than our products in connection with those platforms. As we expand the number of platforms and software applications with which our products are compatible, we may not be successful in launching products for those platforms or software applications, we may not be successful in establishing strong relationships with the new platform or software owners, or we may negatively impact our ability to develop and produce high-quality products on a timely basis for those platforms and software applications or we may otherwise adversely affect our relationships with existing platform or software owners.
Our access to third-party platforms may require paying a royalty, which lowers our product margins or may otherwise be on terms that are not acceptable to us. In addition, the third-party platforms or technologies used to interact with our product portfolio can be delayed in production or can change without prior notice to us, which can result in our having excess inventory, lower margins, lost investment in time and expense, or lost opportunity cost.
If we are unable to access third-party platforms or technologies, or if our access is withdrawn, denied, or is not available on terms acceptable to us, or if the platforms or technologies are delayed or changed without notice to us, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
Our success largely depends on our ability to manage, hire, retain, integrate and motivate sufficient numbers of qualified personnel, including senior leadership. Our strategy and our ability to innovate, design and produce new products, sell products, maintain operating margins and control expenses depend on key personnel that may be difficult to replace.
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, including senior leadership and international personnel. From time to time, we experience turnover in some of our senior leadership positions.
We compensate our employees through a combination of salary, bonuses, benefits and equity compensation. Recruiting and retaining skilled personnel, including software and hardware engineers, is highly competitive. If we fail to provide an attractive working environment and competitive compensation to our employees, it will be difficult to retain, hire and integrate qualified employees and contractors, and we may not be able to maintain and expand our business. If we do not retain or maintain the continuity of our senior leaders or other key employees for any reason, including voluntary or involuntary departure, death or permanent or temporary disability, we risk losing institutional knowledge, experience, expertise and other benefits of continuity as well as the ability to attract and retain other key employees. In addition, we must carefully balance the size of our employee base with our current infrastructure, management resources and anticipated operating cash flows. If we are unable to manage the size of our employee base, including but not limited to our engineers, product managers and designers and other functions, we may fail to achieve our strategic and operational goals, including developing and introducing new products successfully and in a cost-effective and timely manner. If our revenue growth or employee levels vary significantly, our operating cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected. Volatility or lack of positive performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to retain key employees, many of whom have been granted equity incentives. We may find it difficult to provide competitive equity incentives, and our ability to hire, retain and motivate key personnel may suffer.
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As we focus on growth opportunities, we are divesting or discontinuing non-strategic product categories, or pursuing strategic acquisitions and investments, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
We regularly review our product portfolio and update our non-strategic product categories and products. Discontinuing products with service components may cause us to continue to incur expenses to maintain services within the product life cycle or may adversely affect our customer and consumer relationships and brand. Divestitures may also involve warranties, indemnification or covenants that could restrict our business or result in litigation, additional expenses or liabilities. In addition, discontinuing product categories, even categories that we consider non-strategic, reduces the size and diversification of our business and causes us to be more dependent on a smaller number of product categories.
As we attempt to grow our business in strategic product categories and emerging market geographies, we evaluate acquisition opportunities that could provide us with additional product or service offerings or with additional industry expertise, assets and capabilities. Acquisitions could result in difficulties integrating acquired operations, products, technology, internal controls, personnel and management teams and result in the diversion of capital and management’s attention away from other business issues and opportunities. If we fail to successfully integrate acquisitions, our business could be harmed. Acquisitions could also result in the assumption of known and unknown liabilities, product, regulatory and other compliance issues, dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, disputes over earn-outs or other litigation, and adverse effects on relationships with our and our target’s employees, customers and suppliers. Moreover, our acquisitions may not be successful in achieving our desired strategy, product, financial or other objectives or expectations, which would also cause our business to suffer.
Acquisitions can also lead to large non-cash charges that can have an adverse effect on our results of operations as a result of write-offs for items such as future impairments of intangible assets and goodwill, restructuring charges, inventory write downs or the recording of share-based compensation.
If we divest or discontinue product categories or products that we previously acquired, or if the value of those parts of our business become impaired, we may need to evaluate the carrying value of our goodwill. Additional impairment charges could adversely affect our results of operations. Several of our past acquisitions have not been successful and have led to significant impairment charges. Acquisitions and divestitures may also cause our operating results to fluctuate and make it difficult for investors to compare operating results and financial statements between periods. In addition, from time to time we make strategic venture investments in other companies that provide products and services that are complementary to ours. If these investments are unsuccessful, this could have an adverse impact on our results of operations, operating cash flows and financial condition.
As we continue our efforts to lower our costs and improve our operational efficiency, we may not fully realize our goals.
Our ability to achieve the desired and anticipated cost savings and other benefits from simplification, cost-cutting and restructuring activities, and within our desired and expected timeframes, are subject to many estimates and assumptions, and the actual savings and timing for those savings may vary materially based on factors such as local labor regulations, negotiations with third parties, and operational requirements. These estimates and assumptions are also subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will fully realize the desired and anticipated benefits from these activities. To the extent that we are unable to improve our operational efficiency, further restructuring measures may be required in the future. Furthermore, we are expecting to be able to use the anticipated cost savings from these activities to fund and support our current growth opportunities and incremental investments for future growth. If the cost-savings and other benefits from restructuring activities do not materialize as anticipated, or within our expected timeframes, our ability to invest in growth may be limited and our business and operating results may be adversely affected.
Product quality issues could adversely affect our reputation, business and operating results.
The products that we sell or third-party components included therein could contain defects in design or manufacture. There can be no assurance we will be able to detect and remedy all defects in the hardware and software we sell. Failure to do so could result in product recalls, product liability claims and litigation, product redesign efforts, lost revenue, loss of reputation, and significant warranty and other expenses to remedy.
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While we maintain reserves for reasonably estimable liabilities and purchase liability insurance, our reserves may not be adequate to cover such claims and liabilities and our insurance is subject to deductibles and may not be adequate to cover such claims and liabilities. Furthermore, our contracts with distributors and retailers may contain warranty, indemnification and other provisions related to product quality issues, and claims under those provisions may adversely affect our business and operating results.
Risks Related to Global Nature of our Operations and Regulatory Environment
Adverse global and regional economic and geopolitical conditions can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We conduct operations internationally and as a result, adverse global and regional economic and geopolitical conditions have in the past and can in the future materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Such conditions, including but not limited to inflation, slower growth or recession, new or increased tariffs, trade restrictions, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, higher interest rates and currency fluctuations, and other conditions that are susceptible to impact consumer confidence and spending could adversely affect demand for our products. In fiscal year 2023, we were impacted by adverse macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions including but not limited to inflation, foreign currency fluctuations, and slowdown of economic activity around the world, in part due to changes in interest rates, and lower consumer and enterprise spending. In addition, the war in Ukraine increased global supply chain, logistics, and inflationary challenges. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, we indefinitely ceased all sales and shipments to Russia. Our sales in Ukraine have also been halted due to the ongoing military operations on the Ukrainian territory. We had no revenues from Russia and Ukraine in fiscal year 2023.
Global or regional economic and political conditions also have an impact on our suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, and distributors, causing volatility in cost of materials and shipping and transportation rates, and as a result impacting the pricing of our products. Price increases may not successfully offset cost increases or may cause us to lose market share and in turn adversely impact our operations.
All these and other global and regional economic and geopolitical factors can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We conduct operations in a number of countries and have invested significantly in growing our sales and marketing activities in China, and the effect of business, legal and political risks associated with international operations could adversely affect us.
We conduct operations in a number of countries and have invested significantly in growing our personnel and sales and marketing activities in China and, to a lesser extent, other emerging markets. We may also increase our investments to grow sales in other emerging markets, such as Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. There are risks inherent in doing business in international markets, including:
•Difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
•Compliance with increasing amounts of laws and regulations, including environmental, tax, import/export and anti-corruption laws, which vary from country to country, and the European Union legislation, and over time, increasing the costs of compliance and potential risks of non-compliance;
•Varying laws, regulations and other legal protections, uncertain and varying enforcement of those laws and regulations, dependence on local authorities, and the importance of local networks and relationships;
•Varying accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, accountability and protections, including risks related to the lack of access by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") to inspect PCAOB-registered accounting firms in emerging market countries such as China;
•Exposure to political, economic and financial instability, including due to the uncertainty associated with the ongoing sovereign debt issues in certain Euro zone countries, which may lead to reduced sales, currency exchange losses and collection difficulties or other losses;
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•Import or export restrictions or licensing requirements that could affect some of our products, including those with encryption technology;
•Trade protection measures, custom duties, tariffs, import or export duties, and other trade barriers, restrictions and regulations, including recent and ongoing United States - China tariffs and trade restrictions, including China's 2021 Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law;
•Lack of infrastructure or services necessary or appropriate to support our products and services;
•Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that may be more concentrated where we operate internationally;
•Exposure to fluctuations in the value of local currencies;
•Difficulties and increased costs in establishing sales and distribution channels in unfamiliar markets, with their own market characteristics and competition, including entrenched local competition;
•Weak protection of our intellectual property rights;
•Higher credit risks;
•Variations in VAT (value-added tax) or VAT reimbursement;
•Imposition of currency exchange controls;
•Delays from customs brokers or government agencies; and
•A broad range of customs, consumer trends, and more.
Any of these risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Sales growth in key markets, including China, is an important part of our expectations for our business. As a result, if economic, political or business conditions deteriorate in these markets, or if one or more of the risks described above materialize in these markets, our overall business and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Changes in trade policy and regulations in the United States and other countries, including changes in trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In recent years, the U.S. government has instituted or proposed changes to international trade policy through the renegotiation, and potential termination, of certain existing bilateral or multilateral trade agreements and treaties with, and the imposition of tariffs on a wide range of products and other goods from, China, countries in EMEA and other countries. As previously disclosed, we have invested significantly in manufacturing facilities in China and Southeast Asia. Given our manufacturing principally in those countries, and our lack of manufacturing elsewhere, policy or regulations changes in the United States or other countries present particular risks for us. We are constantly evaluating our manufacturing footprint globally including beyond Asia.
In addition, the current Chinese administration has imposed an increased volume of regulation creating a more challenging environment for non-Chinese companies operating in the region, including in the areas of intellectual property, trade, contract enforcement, data privacy, capital markets and human rights. As a result, such regulations may have the effect of limiting our growth and market share in China, and disrupting manufacturing and operations in the region.
For example, on June 10, 2021, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee of the People’s Republic of China passed China's new Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law. The Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law took immediate effect and allows China to take “retaliatory action” against any “discriminatorily restrictive measures” imposed by foreign countries against Chinese organizations and citizens. As a result, China may impose countermeasures against government and private entities and/or persons that formulate, implement or comply with any regulation deemed a
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“discriminatorily restrictive measure.” Penalties may include denial of entry to China, prohibition of doing business in or with China, freezing of assets and “any other necessary measures.”
New or increased tariffs could adversely affect more or all of our products. There also are risks associated with retaliatory tariffs and resulting trade wars. We cannot predict future trade policy and regulations in the United States and other countries, the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements or treaties, or tariffs and their impact on our business. A trade war could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the United States or other countries increase the price of, or limit the amount of, our products or components or materials used in our products imported into the United States or other countries, or create adverse tax consequences, the sales, cost or gross margin of our products may be adversely affected and the demand from our customers for products and services may be diminished. Uncertainty surrounding international trade policy and regulations as well as disputes and protectionist measures could also have an adverse effect on consumer confidence and spending. If we deem it necessary to alter all or a portion of our activities or operations in response to such policies, agreements or tariffs, our capital and operating costs may increase.
In addition, as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, sanctions and trade restrictions have been imposed on Russia, including banks, businesses, and individuals, by the U.S., the European Union and Switzerland. This conflict has driven and could continue to drive economic uncertainty, including inflation, and component availability, among other things.
Our ongoing efforts to address these risks may not be effective and may have long-term adverse effects on our operations and operating results that we may not be able to reverse. Such efforts may also take time to implement or to have an effect and may result in adverse quarterly financial results or fluctuations in our quarterly financial results. As a result, changes in trade policy and regulations in the United States and other countries as well as changes in trade agreements and tariffs and sanctions imposed on Russia could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our financial performance is subject to risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
A significant portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Therefore, we face exposure to movements in currency exchange rates.
Our primary exposure to movements in currency exchange rates relates to non-U.S. Dollar-denominated sales and operating expenses worldwide. For fiscal year 2023, approximately 51% of our revenue was in non-U.S. denominated currencies. The weakening of currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar adversely affects the U.S. Dollar value of our non-U.S. Dollar-denominated sales and earnings. If we raise international pricing to compensate, it could potentially reduce demand for our products, adversely affecting our sales and potentially having an adverse impact on our market share. Margins on sales of our products in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated countries and on sales of products that include components obtained from suppliers in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated countries could be adversely affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations. In some circumstances, for competitive or other reasons, we may decide not to raise local prices to fully offset the U.S. Dollar’s strengthening, which would adversely affect the U.S. Dollar value of our non-U.S. Dollar-denominated sales and earnings. Competitive conditions in the markets in which we operate may also limit our ability to increase prices in the event of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Conversely, strengthening of currency rates may also increase our product component costs and other expenses denominated in those currencies, adversely affecting operating results. We further note that a larger portion of our sales than of our expenses are denominated in non-U.S. denominated currencies.
We use derivative instruments to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any, or more than a portion, of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in currency exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place and do not protect us from long term shifts in currency exchange rates.
As a result, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could affect and have in the past adversely affected our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, these exposures may change over time.
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We are subject to risks related to our environmental, social and governance ("ESG") activities and disclosures.
Concerns over climate change have resulted and may in the future result in new or additional legal, legislative and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change on the environment, which could result in future tax, transportation and other cost increases that could adversely affect our business. Compliance with such requirements will also require additional expenditures by us or our suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In addition, ESG reporting and disclosure requirements continue to evolve, with increasing global regulation and heightened investor expectations. Companies must develop an expanded set of metrics and measures, data collection and processing, controls, and reporting processes in order to meet regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations. Failure to promptly and accurately meet these expectations and requirements may result in reputational and brand damage, regulatory penalties and litigation among other things.
As a company operating in many markets and jurisdictions, expanding into new growth categories, and engaging in acquisitions, and as a Swiss, dual-listed company, we are subject to risks associated with new, existing and potential future laws and regulations.
As we expand into new markets and product categories and acquire companies, businesses and assets, we must comply with a wide variety of laws, standards and other requirements governing, among other things, health and safety, hazardous materials usage, product-related energy consumption, conflict minerals, packaging, recycling, sustainability, environmental, child labor and human rights matters. Our products may be required to obtain regulatory approvals and satisfy other regulatory concerns in the various jurisdictions where they are manufactured, sold or both. Companies, businesses and assets that we acquire may not be in compliance with regulations in all jurisdictions. These requirements create procurement and design challenges, which, among other things, require us to incur additional costs identifying suppliers and contract manufacturers who can provide or obtain compliant materials, parts and end products. Failure to comply with such requirements can subject us to liability, additional costs, and reputational harm and, in severe cases, force us to recall products or prevent us from selling our products in certain jurisdictions. We also are subject to the SEC disclosure requirements regarding the use of certain minerals, known as conflict minerals, which are mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries, as well as procedures regarding a manufacturer’s efforts to identify and prevent the sourcing of such minerals and metals produced from those minerals. The moral and regulatory imperatives to avoid purchasing conflict minerals are causing us to incur additional expenses, could limit the supply and increase the cost of certain metals used in manufacturing our products and could adversely affect the distribution and sales of our products.
As a Swiss company with shares listed on both the SIX Swiss Exchange and the Nasdaq Global Select Market, we are also subject to both Swiss and United States corporate governance and securities laws and regulations. In addition to the extra costs and regulatory burdens of our dual regulatory obligations, the two regulatory regimes may not always be compatible and may impose disclosure obligations, operating restrictions or tax effects on our business to which our competitors and other companies are not subject. For example, on January 1, 2023, subject to certain transitional provisions, the revised Swiss Corporate Law incorporating the Swiss Federal Council Ordinance Against Excessive Compensation at Public Companies, became effective. The revised Swiss Corporate Law among other things, (a) requires a binding shareholder “say on pay” vote with respect to the compensation of members of our executive management and Board of Directors, (b) generally prohibits the making of severance, advance, transaction premiums and similar payments to members of our executive management and Board of Directors, (c) imposes other restrictive compensation practices, and (d) requires that our articles of incorporation specify various compensation-related matters. Potential future initiatives relating to corporate governance or executive compensation, and Swiss voter sentiment in favor of such regulations may increase our non-operating costs and adversely affect our ability to attract and retain executive management and members of our Board of Directors.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("U.S. GAAP") which are subject to interpretation or changes by the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB"), the SEC and other various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. New accounting pronouncements and changes in accounting principles have occurred in the past and are expected to occur in the future which may have a significant effect on our financial results or our compliance with regulations.
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As a result of changes in tax laws, treaties, rulings, regulations or agreements, or their interpretation, of Switzerland or any other country in which we operate, the loss of a major tax dispute or a successful challenge to our operating structure, intercompany pricing policies or the taxable presence of our key subsidiaries in certain countries, or other factors, our effective income tax rates may increase, which could adversely affect our net income and cash flows.
As a result of the Federal Act on the Tax Reform and AHV Financing (“TRAF”), the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, where we are incorporated, enacted tax reforms on March 10, 2020 that took effect as of January 1, 2020. As a result of the reform, Logitech will incur cash income taxes that will increase over time as the deferred income tax benefit established in connection with the reform diminishes. The canton’s tax authority is primarily delegated by the Swiss federal government and its implementation of TRAF in general or with respect to Logitech is subject to Swiss federal review and challenge. Implementation of any material change in tax laws or policies or the adoption of new interpretations of existing tax laws and rulings, or termination or replacement of our tax arrangements with the canton of Vaud, by Switzerland or the canton of Vaud could result in a higher effective income tax rate, or a decreased tax asset, a charge to earnings and an accelerated pace of increase in our effective income tax rate, or a combination of such impacts, on our worldwide earnings and any such change will adversely affect our net income. Changes in our effective income tax rate may also make it more difficult to compare our net income and earnings per share between periods.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions and our profits are taxed pursuant to the tax laws of these jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rate may be affected by changes in or interpretations of tax laws, treaties, rulings, regulations or agreements in any given jurisdiction, or changes in international tax reform by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and similar organizations, utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, changes in geographical allocation of income and expense, and changes in management’s assessment of matters such as the realizability of deferred tax assets. In the past, we have experienced fluctuations in our effective income tax rate. Our effective income tax rate in a given fiscal year reflects a variety of factors that may not be present in the succeeding fiscal year or years. There is no assurance that our effective income tax rate will not change in future periods.
We file Swiss and foreign tax returns. We are frequently subject to tax audits, examinations and assessments in various jurisdictions. If any tax authority successfully challenges our operational structure, intercompany pricing policies or the taxable presence of our key subsidiaries in certain countries, if the terms of certain income tax treaties are interpreted in a manner that is adverse to our structure, or if we lose a material tax dispute in any country, our effective income tax rate could increase. For example, policy changes in Switzerland, the United States or China predicated on our presence in those countries could adversely affect where we recognize profit and our effective income tax rate. A material assessment by a governing tax authority could adversely affect our profitability. If our effective income tax rate increases in future periods, our net income and cash flows could be adversely affected.
We maintain cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions and are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by such financial institutions.
We maintain cash and cash equivalents with various creditworthy financial institutions and while we have a policy to limit exposure with any one financial institution, we are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by financial institutions to the extent that cash balances with individual financial institutions are in excess of amounts that are insured. If such institutions were to fail, we could lose all or a portion of amounts held in excess of such insurance limits. Any material loss that we may experience in the future as a result could additionally have an adverse effect on our ability to pay or could delay payments of our operational expenses and other payments, including in connection with our dividend, share repurchases, payments to our vendors and employees and cause other operational impacts.
Risks Related to Confidential Information, Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Intellectual Property
Losses or unauthorized access to or releases of confidential information could adversely affect our business and result in significant reputational, financial and legal consequences.
We use and store confidential information, including but not limited to our business, financial, legal and governance information, as well as personal information about our employees, members of our Board of Directors and customers. In addition, as a consumer electronics company, our websites are an important presentation of our company, identity and brands and an important means of interaction with and source of information for consumers
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of our products. We also rely on our centralized information technology systems for product-related information and to store intellectual property and data, forecast our business, maintain financial records, manage operations and inventory, and operate other critical functions. We allocate significant resources to maintain our information technology systems and deploy network security, data encryption, training and other measures to protect against unauthorized access or misuse.
Nevertheless, our websites and information technology systems have been and could continue to be subject to or threatened with, and are susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to power outages, hardware failures, structural or operational failures, computer viruses, ransomware and other malware, attacks by computer hackers and other third parties, employee error or malfeasance, phishing and other means of social engineering, other data security issues, telecommunication failures, user error, employee or contractor negligence or malfeasance, catastrophes, downtime due to system or software upgrades, integration or migration, or other foreseeable and unforeseen events. Such risks extend not only to our own products, services, systems and networks, but also to those of customers, suppliers, contractors, business partners, vendors, and other third parties, particularly as all parties increasingly digitize their operations. To date, we are not aware of any such disruptions or issues impacting our systems or products having resulted in security incidents with a material impact on us, individually or in the aggregate.
Moreover, there is an increased risk that we may experience security breaches or incidents as a result of our employees, service providers and third parties working remotely. In addition, our growth and increased frequency and sophistication of cyber and product security attacks may increase the likelihood of our becoming a target of complex and damaging attacks that substantially disrupt operations and expose sensitive data.
While we have developed and implemented security measures and processes designed to protect against cyber and other security threats, such measures cannot provide absolute security and may not be successful in preventing future security breaches. Moreover, we may need to implement additional protective measures to reduce the risk of potential security breaches and security incidents, which could cause us to incur significant additional expenses.
Security incidents or breaches impacting the information we or our third-party service providers process or maintain, or our products, websites or information technology systems may result in loss, unavailability, corruption, or unauthorized collection, use, disclosure or other processing of personal data and other confidential information that we and our service providers maintain and otherwise process. Any such incidents or breaches, or the belief or perception that any such matters have occurred could result in disruptions of our operations, loss of intellectual property and loss, corruption, unavailability or other unauthorized processing of data. Any such event could also damage our brand and reputation or otherwise harm our business, and could result in government enforcement actions, litigation and potential liability for us. Any of these may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, potentially in a material manner.
In addition, while we carry cyber insurance, we cannot be certain that our insurance will be sufficient to cover losses and liabilities resulting from cyberattacks, security breaches and incidents, or other interruptions, that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, results of operations and reputation.
The collection, storage, transmission, use and distribution of personal data could give rise to liabilities and additional costs of operation as a result of laws, governmental regulation and risks of data breaches and security incidents.
In connection with our operations, we collect and otherwise process personal data, including that of our consumers. The processing of this information is increasingly subject to legislation, regulations and enforcement in numerous jurisdictions around the world. Global data privacy regulation is increasingly fragmented, with increasing enforcement efforts and penalties. Such fragmentation requires more complex and costly compliance structures, while heightened enforcement increases the cost and reputational risk associated with even minor compliance errors. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which is applicable to us and to all companies processing data of people in the European Union, imposes significant fines and sanctions for violation of the Regulation. Compliance with the GDPR's international transfer rules has been made more difficult by the invalidation of the European Union-U.S. Privacy Shield and we are now required to put in place additional privacy
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protective measures for transfer of data of people in the European Union to certain countries outside of the European Economic Area. In the United States, several states have adopted broad privacy laws. Such laws and regulations are typically intended to protect the privacy and security of personal information and its collection, storage, transmission, use, disclosure and other processing. For example, California has enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), which, among other things, requires covered companies to provide disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. Additionally, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”), was approved by California voters in November 2020. The CPRA significantly modifies the CCPA and has made compliance more uncertain and complex. Additionally, other U.S. states continue to propose, and in certain cases adopt, privacy-focused legislation. Other laws and regulations may follow, at state and federal levels.
In addition, because various jurisdictions have different laws and regulations concerning the use, storage, transmission and other processing of such information, we may face requirements that pose compliance challenges in existing markets as well as new international markets that we seek to enter. The collection and processing of personal data also heightens the risk of security breaches and other data security issues related to our IT systems and the systems of third-party data storage and other service and IT providers. Such laws and regulations, variation between jurisdictions and risks presented by our processing of personal data could limit our ability to use data and develop new features and services, subject us to increased costs, require allocation of additional resources and changes to our policies and practices, which may be difficult to achieve in a commercially reasonable manner or at all. Any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with these laws, regulations, or other actual or asserted obligations relating to privacy or the collection, use or other processing of personal data may lead to significant fines, penalties, regulatory investigations, lawsuits, significant costs for remediation, damage to our reputation, or other liabilities, all of which could adversely affect our business.
Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology could adversely affect our business.
We have been expanding the categories of products we sell. We expect to continue to enter new categories and markets. As we do so, we face an increased risk that claims alleging we infringe the patent or other intellectual property rights of others, regardless of the merit of the claims, may increase in number and significance. This risk is heightened by the persistent lawsuits brought by holders of patents that do not have an operating business or are attempting to license broad patent portfolios Intellectual property lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties due to the complexity of the technical issues involved, and we cannot be certain that we will be successful in defending ourselves against intellectual property claims. A successful claimant could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages or prevents us from distributing certain products or performing certain services. We might also be required to seek a license for the use of such intellectual property, which may not be available on commercially acceptable terms or at all. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Any claims or proceedings against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation or the diversion of significant operational resources, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We may be unable to protect our proprietary rights. Unauthorized use of our technology may result in the development of products that compete with our products.
Our future success depends in part on our proprietary technology, technical know-how and other intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws, and confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions such as nondisclosure terms and licenses, to protect our intellectual property.
We hold various United States patents and pending applications, together with corresponding patents and pending applications from other countries. It is possible that any patent owned by us will be invalidated, deemed unenforceable, circumvented or challenged, that the patent rights granted will not provide competitive advantages to us, or that any of our pending or future patent applications will not be granted, maintained or enforced. In addition, other intellectual property laws or our confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions may not adequately protect our intellectual property. Also, others may independently develop similar technology, duplicate our products, or design around our patents or other intellectual property rights. Unauthorized parties have copied and may in the future attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
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Risks Related to our Financial Results
Our operating results are difficult to predict and fluctuations in results may cause volatility in the price of our shares.
Our revenues and profitability are difficult to predict due to the nature of the markets in which we compete, fluctuating user demand, the uncertainty of current and future global economic conditions, and for many other reasons, including the following:
•Our operating results are highly dependent on the volume and timing of orders received during the quarter, which are difficult to forecast. Customers generally order on an as-needed basis and we typically do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers. As a result, our revenues in any quarter depend primarily on orders booked and shipped in that quarter.
•A significant portion of our quarterly retail sales typically occurs in the last weeks of each quarter, further increasing the difficulty in predicting quarterly revenues and profitability.
•Our sales are impacted by consumer demand and current and future global economic and political conditions, including inflation, foreign currency fluctuations, slowdown of economic activity around the world, in part due to rising interest rates, and lower consumer and enterprise spending, trade restrictions and tariffs, and can, therefore, fluctuate abruptly and significantly during periods of uncertain economic conditions or geographic distress, as well as from shifts in distributor inventory practices and consumer buying patterns.
•We must incur a large portion of our costs in advance of sales orders because we must plan research and production, order components, buy tooling equipment, and enter into development, sales and marketing, and other operating commitments prior to obtaining firm commitments from our customers. This makes it difficult for us to rapidly adjust our costs during the quarter in response to a revenue shortfall, which could adversely affect our operating results.
•From time to time, we engage in opportunistic marketing and sales activities, including advertising and promotional events to enhance our brand awareness. The effectiveness of our marketing and sales efforts is uncertain and it is difficult to predict whether our marketing and sales efforts will result in increased sales.
•The COVID-19 pandemic has led to evolving changes in our supply, operations, logistics and related expenses and use patterns and demand for certain of our products that may not recur or be sustainable in future periods.
•We engage in acquisitions and divestitures, and such activity varies from period to period. Such variance may affect our growth, our previous outlook and expectations, and comparisons of our operating results and financial statements between periods.
•We are continuously attempting to simplify our organization, to control operating costs through expense and global workforce management, to reduce the complexity of our product portfolio, and to better align costs with our current business. We may not achieve the cost savings or other anticipated benefits from these efforts, and the success or failure of such efforts may cause our operating results to fluctuate and to be difficult to predict.
•Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can impact our revenues, expenses and profitability because we report our financial statements in U.S. Dollars, whereas a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are in other currencies. We attempt to adjust product prices over time to offset the impact of currency movements. However, over short periods of time, during periods of weakness in consumer spending or given high levels of competition in many product categories, our ability to change local currency prices to offset the impact of currency fluctuations is limited.
Because our operating results are difficult to predict, our results may be below the expectations of financial analysts and investors, which could cause the price of our shares to decline.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 30
Our gross margins can vary significantly depending on multiple factors, which can result in unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results.
Our gross margins can vary due to consumer demand, competition, product pricing, product lifecycle, product mix, new product introductions, unit volumes, acquisitions and divestitures, commodity, supply chain and logistics costs, capacity utilization, geographic sales mix, currency exchange rates, trade policy and tariffs, and the complexity and functionality of new product innovations and other factors. In particular, if we are not able to introduce new products in a timely manner at the product cost we expect, or if consumer demand for our products is less than we anticipate, or if there are product pricing, marketing and other initiatives by our competitors to which we need to react or that are initiated by us to drive sales that lower our margins, then our overall gross margin will be less than we project.
In addition, our gross margins may vary significantly by product line, sales geography and customer type, as well as within product lines. When the mix of products sold shifts from higher margin product lines to lower margin product lines, to lower margin sales geographies, or to lower margin products within product lines, our overall gross margins and our profitability may be adversely affected.
As we expand within and into new product categories, our products in those categories may have lower gross margins than in our traditional product categories. Consumer demand in these product categories, based on style, color and other factors, tends to be less predictable and tends to vary more across geographic markets. As a result, we may face higher up-front investments, inventory costs associated with attempting to anticipate consumer preferences, and increased inventory write-offs. If we are unable to offset these potentially lower margins by enhancing the margins in our more traditional product categories, our profitability may be adversely affected.
Changes in trade policy, including tariffs and the tariffs focused on China in particular, and currency exchange rates also have adverse impacts on our gross margins.
The impact of these factors on gross margins can create unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results, which may cause volatility in the price of our shares.
We cannot ensure that our share repurchase programs will be fully utilized or that it will enhance long-term shareholder value. Share repurchases may also increase the volatility of the trading price of our shares. We similarly cannot ensure that we will continue to increase our dividend payments or to pay dividends at all. Share repurchases and dividends diminish our cash reserves.
In July 2022, our Board of Directors approved a $500 million increase to our current 2020 repurchase program of our registered shares up to $1.5 billion. The Swiss Takeover Board approved this increase and it became effective on August 19, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, $505.8 million was available for repurchase under the 2020 repurchase program. We have also paid cash dividends and increased the size of our dividend, each year since fiscal year 2013. Our share repurchase programs and dividend policy may be affected by many factors, including general business and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our views on potential future capital requirements, restrictions imposed in any future debt agreements, the emergence of alternative investment or acquisition opportunities, changes in our business strategy, legal requirements, changes in tax laws, and other factors. Our share repurchase programs do not obligate us to repurchase all or any of the dollar value of shares authorized for repurchase. The programs could also increase the volatility of the trading price of our shares. Similarly, we are not obligated to pay dividends on our registered shares. Under Swiss law, we may only pay dividends upon the approval of a majority of our shareholders, which is under the discretion of and generally follows a recommendation by our Board of Directors that such a dividend is in the best interests of our shareholders. There can be no assurance that our Board of Directors will continue to recommend, or that our shareholders will approve, dividend increases or any dividend at all. If we do not pay a regular dividend, we may lose the interest of investors that focus their investments on dividend-paying companies, which could create downward pressure on our share price. Any announcement of termination or suspension of our share repurchase programs or dividend may result in a decrease in our share price. The share repurchase programs and payment of cash dividends could also diminish our cash reserves that may be needed for investments in our business, acquisitions or other purposes. Without dividends, the trading price of our shares must appreciate for investors to realize a gain on their investment.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 31

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our headquarters is located in Lausanne, Switzerland, where we occupy approximately 50,500 square feet under a lease that expires in July 2025. Our principal corporate and administrative offices, which includes our headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland, and future corporate offices in San Jose, California (in the process of being relocated from our current corporate offices in Newark, California) and corporate offices in Hsinchu, Taiwan, together make up approximately 250,000 square feet of leased space. Both our Lausanne, Switzerland headquarters and San Jose, California future location are designed to serve our research and development, product marketing, sales management, technical support and administrative functions. Our Hsinchu, Taiwan location serves our mechanical engineering, process engineering, manufacturing support, quality assurance, design, research and development, and administrative functions. We maintain marketing and channel support offices in approximately 80 locations and over 40 countries, with lease expiration dates from 2023 to 2033.
As of March 31, 2023, the majority of our properties are leased; however, we also own some of the manufacturing units and employee dormitories in Suzhou, China, from which we occupy approximately 720,000 square feet. We anticipate no difficulty in extending the leases of our facilities or obtaining comparable facilities in suitable locations. We also contract with various third-party distribution centers in North America, South America, Europe and Asia Pacific for additional warehouses in which we store inventory.
We believe that our manufacturing and distribution facilities are adequate for our ongoing needs and we continue to evaluate the need for facilities to meet current and anticipated future requirements.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time-to-time, we are involved in claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are currently subject to several such claims and a small number of legal proceedings. We believe that these matters lack merit and we intend to vigorously defend against them. Based on the currently available information, we do not believe that resolution of pending matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and there can be no assurances that our defenses will be successful or that any such lawsuit or claim would not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations in a particular period. Any claims or proceedings against us, whether meritorious or not, can have an adverse impact because of defense costs, diversion of management and operational resources, negative publicity and other factors. Any failure to obtain a necessary license or other rights, or litigation arising out of intellectual property claims, could adversely affect our business.
As a result of Regulation S-K disclosure requirements related to environmental proceedings to which the government is a party and such proceedings involve potential monetary sanctions, we selected the quantitative threshold of $1.0 million.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 32
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Logitech's shares are listed and traded on both the SIX Swiss Exchange, where the share price is denominated in Swiss francs, and on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, where the share price is denominated in U.S. Dollars. The trading symbol for Logitech shares is LOGN on the SIX Swiss Exchange and LOGI on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. As of May 3, 2023, there were 173,106,620 shares issued (including 14,368,910 shares held as treasury stock) held by 49,807 holders of record, and the closing price of our shares was CHF 55.40 ($61.89 based on exchange rates on such date) per share on the SIX Swiss Exchange and $62.68 per share as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
Dividends
Under Swiss law, a corporation may only pay dividends upon a vote of its shareholders. This vote typically follows the recommendation of the corporation's Board of Directors. In May 2023, the Board of Directors recommended that the Company increase the cash dividend per share for fiscal year 2023 by approximately CHF 0.10 per share to CHF 1.06 per share (approximately $1.16 per share based on the exchange rate on March 31, 2023). Based on our shares outstanding, net of treasury shares, as of March 31, 2023 (159,343,273 shares), this would result in an aggregate gross dividend of approximately CHF 168.9 million (approximately $184.2 million based on the exchange rate on March 31, 2023). This amount may vary based on the number of shares outstanding, net of treasury shares, as of the record date for the dividend, but will not exceed approximately CHF 183.5 million (based on our shares currently issued or 173,106,620 shares). This recommendation will be voted on by our shareholders at the Company’s 2023 Annual General Meeting.
On September 14, 2022, Logitech's shareholders approved a cash dividend payment of CHF 0.96 per share out of retained earnings to Logitech's shareholders who owned shares on September 27, 2022. Eligible shareholders were paid CHF 0.96 per share ($0.98 per share in U.S. Dollars based on the exchange rate on the date of payment), totaling $158.7 million in U.S. Dollars on September 28, 2022.
On September 8, 2021, Logitech's shareholders approved a cash dividend payment of CHF 147.0 million out of retained earnings to Logitech shareholders who owned shares on September 21, 2021. Eligible shareholders were paid CHF 0.87 per share ($0.95 per share in U.S. Dollars), totaling $159.4 million in U.S. Dollars on September 22, 2021.
Dividends paid and similar cash or in-kind distributions made by Logitech to a holder of Logitech shares (including dividends or liquidation proceeds and stock dividends), other than distributions of qualifying additional paid-in-capital if it is available under the current Swiss tax regime, are subject to a Swiss federal anticipatory tax at a rate of 35%. The anticipatory tax must be withheld by Logitech from the gross distribution and paid to the Swiss Federal Tax Administration.
A Swiss resident holder and beneficial owner of Logitech shares may qualify for a full refund of the Swiss anticipatory tax withheld from such dividends. A holder and beneficial owner of Logitech shares who is a non-resident of Switzerland, but a resident of a country that maintains a double tax treaty with Switzerland, may qualify for a full or partial refund of the Swiss anticipatory tax withheld from such dividends by virtue of the provisions of the applicable treaty between Switzerland and the country of residence of the holder and beneficial owner of the Logitech shares.
In accordance with the tax convention between the United States and the Swiss Confederation (Treaty), a mechanism is provided whereby a U.S. resident (as determined under the Treaty), and U.S. corporations, other than U.S. corporations having a "permanent establishment" or a fixed base, as defined in the Treaty, in Switzerland, generally can obtain a refund of the Swiss anticipatory tax withheld from dividends in respect of Logitech shares, to the extent that 15% of the gross dividend is withheld as final withholding tax (i.e. 20% of the gross dividend may generally be refunded). In specific cases, U.S. companies not having a "permanent establishment" or a fixed base in Switzerland owning at least 10% of Logitech registered shares may receive a refund of the Swiss anticipatory tax withheld from dividends to the extent it exceeds 5% of the gross dividend (i.e., 30% of the gross dividend may be refunded). To get the benefit of a refund, holders must beneficially own Logitech shares at the time such dividend becomes due.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 33
Share Repurchases
In fiscal year 2023, the following approved share repurchase program was in place (in thousands):
Share Repurchase Program Approved Shares Approved Amounts (1)
May 2020 17,311 $ 1,500,000
(1) In April 2021, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $750.0 million of the 2020 share repurchase program, to an aggregate amount of $1.0 billion. The Swiss Takeover Board approved this increase and it became effective on May 21, 2021. In July 2022, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $500 million to the 2020 share repurchase program, to an aggregate amount of up to $1.5 billion. The Swiss Takeover Board approved this increase and it became effective on August 19, 2022.
The following tables present certain information related to purchases made by Logitech of its equity securities under its publicly announced share repurchase programs (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Weighted Average Price Per Share Remaining Amount that May Yet Be
Repurchased under the Program
During Fiscal Year Ended Shares
Repurchased(1)
CHF (LOGN) USD (LOGI)
March 31, 2021 1,845 81.35 89.20 $ 85,382
March 31, 2022 4,607 82.15 89.36 $ 423,696
March 31, 2023 7,562 52.94 55.25 $ 505,844
(1) In fiscal year 2021, 2022 and 2023, the number of shares repurchased on the SIX was 1.0 million, 3.9 million, and 7.4 million, respectively, and the number of shares repurchased on NASDAQ was 0.9 million, 0.7 million, and 0.2 million, respectively.
Total Number of Shares
Repurchased Weighted Average Price Paid Per Share Remaining Amount that May Yet Be
Repurchased under the Program
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 CHF (LOGN) USD (LOGI)
Month 1
January 1, 2023 to January 27, 2023
SIX 644 55.24 - $ 557,808
Month 2
January 28, 2023 to February 24, 2023
SIX 202 53.61 - 546,102
Nasdaq 54 59.00 542,904
Month 3
February 24, 2023 to March 31, 2023
SIX 695 49.11 - 505,844
1,595 52.33 56.68 $ 505,844
Performance Graph
The information contained in the Performance Graph shall not be deemed to be "soliciting material" or "filed" with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into a document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or the Exchange Act.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 34
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our shares, the Nasdaq Composite Index, and the S&P 500 Information and Technology Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in our LOGI shares, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the S&P 500 Information and Technology Index on March 31, 2018 and calculates the annual return through March 31, 2023. The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
________________________________________
*$100 invested on March 31, 2018, in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending March 31.
Copyright© 2023 Standard & Poor's, Inc. Used with permission. All rights reserved.
March 31,
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Logitech $ 100 $ 109 $ 121 $ 298 $ 212 $ 171
Nasdaq Composite Index $ 100 $ 111 $ 111 $ 193 $ 209 $ 181
S&P 500 Information and Technology Index $ 100 $ 115 $ 127 $ 212 $ 257 $ 245

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. (Reserved)
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 35

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth above in Item 1A "Risk Factors," and below in Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk." Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview of Our Company
Logitech’s mission is to help all people pursue their passions in a way that is good for people and the planet. We design, manufacture, and sell products that help businesses thrive and bring people together when working, creating, gaming and streaming. We sell these products through a number of brands: Logitech, Logitech G (including ASTRO Gaming, Streamlabs, and Blue Microphones) and Ultimate Ears.
Our products address primarily four large market opportunities: Creativity & Productivity, Gaming, Video Collaboration and Music. We sell our products to a broad network of international customers, including direct sales to retailers, e-tailers, and end consumers through our e-commerce platform, and indirect sales to end customers through distributors.
From time to time, we may seek to partner with or acquire, when appropriate, companies that have products, personnel, and technologies that complement our strategic direction. We continually review our product offerings and our strategic direction in light of our profitability targets, competitive conditions, changing consumer trends and the evolving nature of the interface between the consumer and the digital world.
Impacts of Macroeconomic and Geopolitical Conditions on our Business
In fiscal year 2023, our business was impacted by adverse macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions. These conditions included inflation, foreign currency fluctuations, and slowdown of economic activity around the world, in part due to rising interest rates, and lower consumer and enterprise spending. In addition, the war in Ukraine resulted in global supply chain, logistics, and inflationary challenges. We had no revenue in Russia and Ukraine in fiscal year 2023 as we have indefinitely ceased all sales and shipments to Russia and sales in Ukraine have also been halted due to the ongoing military operations on the Ukrainian territory.
The global and regional economic and political conditions adversely affect demand for our products. These conditions also had an impact on our suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, and distributors, causing volatility in cost of materials and shipping and transportation rates, and as a result, impacting the pricing of our products.
For additional information, see "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below and Item 1A "Risk Factors," including under the caption "Adverse global and regional economic and geopolitical conditions can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition," “We purchase key components and products from a limited number of sources, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected if supply were delayed or constrained or if there were shortages of required components,” “Our principal manufacturing operations and third-party contract manufacturers are located in China and Southeast Asia, which exposes us to risks associated with doing business in that geographic area as well as potential tariffs, adverse trade regulations, adverse tax consequences and pressure to move or diversify our manufacturing locations,” “If we do not accurately forecast market demand for our products, our business and operating results could be adversely affected,” and "If we do not successfully coordinate the worldwide manufacturing and distribution of our products, we could lose sales and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.”
Trends and Uncertainties
Several long-term secular-trends offer long-term structural growth opportunities across Logitech’s product portfolio, including work and learn from anywhere (hybrid work), video everywhere, the rise of social gaming for participants and spectators, and the democratization of digital content creation. We design, create and sell products that benefit from these secular trends. The culture of hybrid work and learn provides an opportunity to equip meeting rooms, classrooms and personal workspaces, at home or in the office. It also provides an opportunity for increased commercial and consumer adoption of video conferencing. Our video collaboration products are compatible with a variety of video conference platforms, including Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, etc. Moving from work to play, Logitech gaming and streaming products benefit from social gaming which continues to
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 36
gain popularity through online gaming, multi-platform experiences and esports. In addition, the democratization of digital content creation presents an opportunity for anyone to be a content creator because of the accessibility of the tools necessary to code, design, create, make music, game or broadcast to professional standards.
While we believe we will further benefit from these secular trends, we have experienced and will continue to experience challenges that impact our business and financial results. These challenges include (i) the current macroeconomic environment, including interest rate fluctuations, inflation, foreign exchange movements and low economic growth in certain regions, (ii) low consumer confidence and recent declines in enterprise spending leading to reduced demand for some of our products, (iii) the uncertainty in strategy and timing of enterprises’ “return-to-office” impacting demand for our Video Collaboration and Creativity & Productivity products, and (iv) the timing of further development of our business-to-business go-to-market capabilities.
We expect these challenges to continue in the near-term. We have taken steps to mitigate the impact of these challenges, including but not limited to: (i) reduction in our operating expenses as revenues have declined in order to maintain margins and size the business for the current market, (ii) reduction in inventories to more appropriately align with demand, (iii) continued investment in our business-to-business direct sales channel in order to improve performance, and (iv) release of new products to increase the value proposition of our portfolio.
Business Seasonality and Product Introductions
We have historically experienced higher sales in our third fiscal quarter ending December 31, compared to other fiscal quarters in our fiscal year, primarily due to the increased consumer demand for our products during the year-end holiday buying season and year-end spending by enterprises. Additionally, new product introductions and business acquisitions can significantly impact sales, product costs and operating expenses. Product introductions can also impact our sales to distribution channels as these channels are filled with new product inventory following a product introduction, and often channel inventory of an earlier model product declines as the next related major product launch approaches. Sales can also be affected when consumers and distributors anticipate a product introduction or changes in business circumstances. However, neither historical seasonal patterns nor historical patterns of product introductions should be considered reliable indicators of our future pattern of product introductions, future sales or financial performance. Furthermore, cash flow is correspondingly lower in the first half of our fiscal year as we typically build inventories in advance for the third quarter and we pay an annual dividend following our Annual General Meeting, which is typically in September.
Summary of Financial Results
Our total sales for fiscal year 2023 decreased 17%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by a decline in sales of all of our product categories as a result of lower demand and unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.
Sales for fiscal year 2023 decreased 25%, 17% and 9% in the EMEA, Americas and Asia Pacific regions, respectively, compared to fiscal year 2022.
Gross margin for fiscal year 2023 decreased by 340 basis points to 37.9%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily due to inflationary pressure on costs and unfavorable impacts from changes in currency exchange rates, partially offset by a reduction in our use of expedited shipping.
Operating expenses for fiscal year 2023 were $1,261.0 million, or 27.8% of sales, compared to $1,489.0 million, or 27.2% of sales, for fiscal year 2022. The decrease in operating expenses was primarily driven by a reduction in marketing and advertising spend.
Included in the income tax provision of $98.9 million and $131.3 million in fiscal year 2023 and 2022 was $48.3 million and $88.7 million, respectively, of tax expense from Switzerland.
Net income for fiscal year 2023 was $364.6 million, compared to $644.5 million for fiscal year 2022, reflecting lower sales and gross margin, partially offset by a reduction in operating expenses.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make assumptions, judgments, and estimates that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 37
We consider an accounting estimate critical if it: (i) requires management to make judgments and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain; and (ii) is important to an understanding of our financial condition and operating results.
We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Although these assumptions, judgments, and estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results could differ. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
We believe the following accounting estimates are most critical to our business operations and to an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations and reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Accruals for Customer Programs and Product Returns
We record accruals for cooperative marketing, customer incentive, pricing programs ("Customer Programs") and product returns. The estimated cost of these programs is usually recorded as a reduction of revenue. Significant management judgments and estimates must be used to determine the cost of these programs in any accounting period. Customer Programs require management to estimate the percentage of those programs that will not be claimed in the current period or will not be earned by customers, which is commonly referred to as "breakage." Breakage is estimated based on historical claim experience, the period in which the claims are expected to be submitted, specific terms and conditions with customers, and other factors. If we receive a separately identifiable benefit from a customer and can reasonably estimate the fair value of that benefit, the cost of the Customer Programs is recognized in operating expenses.
Customer Incentive Programs. Customer incentive programs include performance-based incentives and consumer rebates. We offer performance-based incentives to our customers and indirect partners based on pre-determined performance criteria. Consumer rebates are offered from time to time at our discretion for the primary benefit of end-users. Customer incentive programs are considered variable consideration, which we estimate and record as a reduction to revenue at the time of sale based on negotiated terms, historical experiences, forecasted incentives, the anticipated volume of future purchases, and inventory levels in the channel.
Product Returns. We grant limited rights to return products. Return rights vary by customer and range from just the right to return the defective product to stock rotation rights limited to a percentage of sales approved by management. Estimates of expected future product returns are recognized at the time of sale based on analyses of historical return trends by the customer and by product, inventories owned by and located at customers, current customer demand, current operating conditions, and other relevant customer and product information. Upon recognition, we reduce sales and cost of goods sold for the estimated return. Return trends are influenced by product life cycle status, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, sales levels, product sell-through, the type of customer, seasonality, product quality issues, competitive pressures, operational policies and procedures, and other factors. Return rates can fluctuate over time but are sufficiently predictable to allow us to estimate expected future product returns.
We apply a breakage rate to reduce our accruals of Customer Programs based on the estimated percentage of these Customer Programs that will not be claimed or earned. The breakage rate is applied at the time of sale. Assessing the period in which claims are expected to be submitted and the relevance of the historical claim experience require significant management judgment to estimate the breakage of Customer Programs in any accounting period.
We regularly evaluate the adequacy of our accruals for Customer Programs and product returns. Future market conditions and product transitions may require us to take action to increase such programs. In addition, when the variables used to estimate these costs change, or if actual costs differ significantly from the estimates, we would be required to record incremental increases or reductions to revenue or operating expenses.
Inventory Valuation
We must order components for our products and build inventory in advance of customer orders. Further, our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, short-term customer commitments and rapid changes in demand.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 38
We record inventories at the lower of cost and net realizable value and record write-downs of inventories that are obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value. A review of inventory is performed each fiscal quarter that considers factors including the marketability and product lifecycle stage, product development plans, component cost trends, historical sales, and demand forecasts that consider the assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory on hand that is not expected to be sold or utilized is considered excess, and we recognize the write-down in the cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. The write-down is determined by the excess of cost over net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. At the time of loss recognition, new cost basis per unit and the lower-cost basis for that inventory are established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances would not result in an increase in the cost basis. If there is an abrupt and substantial decline in demand for Logitech's products or an unanticipated change in technological or customer requirements, we may be required to record additional write-downs that could adversely affect gross margins in the period when the write-downs are recorded. We also extend the assessment to non-cancelable purchase orders if the inventories are considered excess and record the liability that is reasonably possible to be incurred in accrued and other liabilities.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We operate in multiple jurisdictions and our profits are taxed pursuant to the tax laws of these jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rate may be affected by the changes in or interpretations of tax laws and tax agreements in any given jurisdiction, utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, changes in geographical mix of income and expense, and changes in our assessment of matters such as the ability to realize deferred tax assets. As a result of these considerations, we must estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from the different treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the consolidated balance sheet.
We make certain estimates and judgments about the application of tax laws, the expected resolution of uncertain tax positions and other matters surrounding the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax benefits. In the event that uncertain tax positions are resolved for amounts different than our estimates, or the related statutes of limitations expire without the assessment of additional income taxes, we will be required to adjust the amounts of the related assets and liabilities in the period in which such events occur. Such adjustments may have a material impact on our income tax provision and our results of operations.
For additional information about our Critical Accounting Estimates, see Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Notes to our consolidated financial statements below.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for recent accounting pronouncements adopted.
Inflation Reduction Act in the U.S.
On August 16, 2022, the “Inflation Reduction Act” (H.R. 5376) ("IRA") was signed into law in the U.S. The IRA establishes a new corporate alternative minimum tax based on financial statement income adjusted for certain items. The new minimum tax is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. We do not expect the IRA will have a material impact to our financial statements when it becomes effective.
Constant Currency
We refer to our net sales growth rates excluding the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations as "constant currency" sales growth rates. Percentage of constant currency sales growth is calculated by translating prior period sales in each local currency at the current period’s average exchange rate for that currency and comparing that to current period sales.
Given our global sales presence and the reporting of our financial results in U.S. Dollars, our financial results could be affected by significant shifts in currency exchange rates. See “Results of Operations” for information on the effect of currency exchange rate fluctuations on our sales. If the U.S. Dollar appreciates or depreciates in comparison to other currencies in future periods, this will affect our results of operations in future periods as well.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 39
References to Sales
The term “sales” means net sales, except as otherwise specified and the sales growth discussion and sales growth rate percentages are in U.S. Dollars, except as otherwise specified.
Results of Operations
In this section, we discuss the results of our operations for the year ended March 31, 2023 compared to the year ended March 31, 2022. For a discussion of the year ended March 31, 2022 compared to the year ended March 31, 2021, please refer to Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on May 18, 2022.
Net Sales
Our sales in fiscal year 2023 decreased 17%, compared to fiscal year 2022, driven by a decline in sales of all of our product categories. Our sales were negatively impacted from lower demand and unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. If currency exchange rates had been constant in fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our sales decline in constant currency would have been 13%.
Sales Denominated in Other Currencies
Although our financial results are reported in U.S. Dollars, a portion of our sales was generated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, such as the Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Pound Sterling and New Taiwan Dollar. For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, approximately 51% and 50%, respectively, of our sales were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar.
Sales by Region
The following table presents the change in sales by region for fiscal year 2023 compared with fiscal year 2022:
2023 vs. 2022
Sales Growth Rate Sales Growth Rate in Constant Currency
Americas (17) % (17) %
EMEA (25) (17)
Asia Pacific (9) (3)
Americas:
The decrease in sales in the Americas region for fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, was primarily driven by decreases in sales for Gaming, Video Collaboration, PC Webcams and Audio & Wearables.
EMEA:
The decrease in sales in the EMEA region for fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, was primarily driven by decreases in sales in Gaming, Keyboards & Combos, PC Webcams and Pointing Devices.
Asia Pacific:
The decrease in sales in the Asia Pacific region for fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, was primarily driven by decreases in sales of Keyboards & Combos, PC Webcams, Audio & Wearables, and Video Collaboration, partially offset by an increase in sales of Gaming.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 40
Sales by Product Categories
Sales by product categories for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were as follows (Dollars in thousands):
Years Ended March 31, Change
2023 2022 2023 vs. 2022
Pointing Devices $ 728,357 $ 781,108 (7) %
Keyboards & Combos 836,432 967,301 (14)
PC Webcams 227,692 403,651 (44)
Tablet & Other Accessories 254,374 310,123 (18)
Gaming (1)
1,211,485 1,451,883 (17)
Video Collaboration 887,517 997,164 (11)
Mobile Speakers 111,649 149,782 (25)
Audio & Wearables 274,231 401,424 (32)
Other (2)
7,081 18,665 (62)
Total Sales $ 4,538,818 $ 5,481,101 (17) %
(1) Gaming includes streaming services revenue generated by Streamlabs.
(2) Other includes Smart Home.
Creativity & Productivity market:
Pointing Devices
Our Pointing Devices category comprises PC- and Mac-related mice including trackballs, touchpads and presentation tools.
During fiscal year 2023, Pointing Devices sales decreased 7%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by the decrease in sales of cordless and corded mice, particularly in our low end products.
Keyboards & Combos
Our Keyboards & Combos category comprises PC keyboards and keyboard/mice combo products.
During fiscal year 2023, Keyboards & Combos sales decreased 14%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by the decrease in sales of our cordless combos and corded PC keyboards, particularly in our low end products.
PC Webcams
Our PC Webcams category comprises PC-based webcams targeted primarily at consumers, including streaming cameras.
During fiscal year 2023, PC Webcams sales decreased 44%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by the decrease in sales of our HD Pro Webcam C920, 1080p Pro Stream Webcam, and Webcam C260.
Tablet & Other Accessories
Our Tablet & Other Accessories category primarily comprises tablet keyboards and styluses.
During fiscal year 2023, Tablet & Other Accessories sales decreased 18%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by the decrease in sales of most of our products, partially offset by increases in sales of our Rugged Combo 3 Touch.
Gaming market:
Gaming
Our Gaming category comprises gaming mice, keyboards, headsets, gamepads, steering wheels, simulation controllers, console gaming headsets, and Streamlabs services.
During fiscal year 2023, Gaming sales decreased 17%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by the decrease in sales of gaming mice, keyboards, and headsets.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 41
Video Collaboration market:
Video Collaboration
Our Video Collaboration category includes Logitech’s conference room cameras, which combine affordable enterprise-quality audio and high definition 4K video to bring video conferencing to businesses of any size, as well as webcams and headsets that turn any desktop into an instant collaboration space.
During fiscal year 2023, Video Collaboration sales decreased 11%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily due to the decrease in sales of webcams, partially offset by an increase in sales of conference room cameras and docks. Sales for Video Collaboration for fiscal year 2023 were negatively impacted by a slowdown in enterprise spending.
Music market:
Mobile Speakers
Our Mobile Speakers category is made up entirely of Bluetooth wireless speakers.
During fiscal year 2023, Mobile Speakers sales decreased 25%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily due to a decrease in sales of most of our Mobile Speaker sub-categories, partially offset by the sales of our Ultimate Ears Wonderboom 3 mini speakers, introduced in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023.
Audio & Wearables
Our Audio & Wearables category comprises PC speakers, PC headsets, in-ear headphones, premium wireless earbuds and studio-quality Blue Microphones for professionals and consumers.
During fiscal year 2023, Audio & Wearables sales decreased 32%, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily due to the decrease in sales of almost all sub-categories.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was as follows (Dollars in thousands):
Years Ended March 31,
2023 2022 Change
Net sales $ 4,538,818 $ 5,481,101 (17.2) %
Gross profit $ 1,719,515 $ 2,263,006 (24.0) %
Gross margin 37.9 % 41.3 %
Gross profit consists of sales, less cost of goods sold (which includes materials, direct labor and related overhead costs, costs of manufacturing facilities, royalties, costs of purchasing components from outside suppliers, distribution costs, warranty costs, customer support costs, shipping and handling costs, outside processing costs and write-down of inventories), and amortization of intangible assets.
Gross margin decreased by 340 basis points to 37.9% during fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to inflationary pressure on costs and unfavorable impacts from changes in currency exchange rates, partially offset by a reduction in our use of expedited shipping.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 42
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were as follows (Dollars in thousands):
Years Ended March 31,
2023 2022
Marketing and selling $ 809,182 $ 1,025,899
% of sales 17.8 % 18.7 %
Research and development 280,796 291,844
% of sales 6.2 % 5.3 %
General and administrative 124,652 148,648
% of sales 2.7 % 2.7 %
Amortization of intangible assets and acquisition-related costs 11,843 16,947
% of sales 0.3 % 0.3 %
Impairment of intangible assets - 7,000
% of sales N/A 0.1 %
Change in fair value of contingent consideration for business acquisition - (3,509)
% of sales N/A (0.1) %
Restructuring charges, net 34,573 2,165
% of sales 0.8 % - %
Total operating expenses $ 1,261,046 $ 1,488,994
% of sales 27.8 % 27.2 %
The decrease in total operating expenses during fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, was mainly due to decreases in marketing and selling expenses, partially offset by an increase in restructuring charges.
Marketing and Selling
Marketing and selling expenses consist of personnel and related overhead costs, corporate and product marketing, promotions, advertising, trade shows, technical support for customer experiences and facilities costs.
During fiscal year 2023, marketing and selling expenses decreased $216.7 million, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by our reduction in third-party marketing and advertising spend.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist of personnel and related overhead costs for contractors and outside consultants, supplies and materials, equipment depreciation and facilities costs, all associated with the design and development of new products and enhancements of existing products.
During fiscal year 2023, research and development expenses decreased $11.0 million, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by lower personnel-related costs, partially offset by higher outsourcing expenses. Research and development expenses as a percentage of sales increased from 5.3% in fiscal year 2022 to 6.2% in fiscal year 2023 reflecting our continued investment in innovation.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related overhead, information technology, and facilities costs for the infrastructure functions such as finance, information systems, executives, human resources and legal.
During fiscal year 2023, general and administrative expenses decreased $24.0 million, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily driven by lower personnel-related costs.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 43
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Acquisition-Related Costs
Amortization of intangible assets included in operating expense and acquisition-related costs during fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended March 31,
2023 2022
Amortization of intangible assets $ 11,542 $ 16,156
Acquisition-related costs 301 791
Total $ 11,843 $ 16,947
Amortization of intangible assets consists of amortization of acquired intangible assets, including customer relationships and trademarks and trade names. Acquisition-related costs include legal expense, due diligence costs, and other professional costs incurred for business acquisitions.
The decrease in amortization of intangible assets and acquisition-related costs from fiscal year 2022 to 2023 was primarily due to certain acquired intangible assets becoming fully amortized and the write-off of Jaybird intangible assets in fiscal year 2022.
Impairment of Intangible Assets
During fiscal year 2022, we recognized a pre-tax impairment charge of $7.0 million, related to the intangibles acquired as part of the Jaybird acquisition due to our decision to discontinue Jaybird-branded products.
Restructuring Charges (Credits), Net
During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, we initiated a restructuring plan to realign our business group and engineering structure with our go-to-market strategy to more effectively compete within the enterprise market and to better serve end-users. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, we undertook further actions to remove organization layers as well as streamline our marketing organization to increase efficiency. As a result, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges totaling $34.6 million primarily related to employee severance and other termination benefits. We expect to substantially complete these restructuring activities within the next twelve months.
The restructuring charges of $2.2 million for fiscal year 2022, were recorded as a result of our decision to exit Jaybird-branded products during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022. This restructuring plan has been substantially completed.
See Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Interest Income
Interest income for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended March 31,
2023 2022
Interest Income $ 18,331 $ 1,246
We invest in highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, which are classified as cash equivalents. The increase in interest income for fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, was primarily driven by the increase in interest rates.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 44
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended March 31,
2023 2022
Investment gain (loss) related to the deferred compensation plan $ (1,961) $ 1,231
Currency exchange loss, net (7,337) (4,604)
Loss on investments, net (14,073) (1,683)
Non-service cost net pension income (expense) and other 10,093 5,616
Total $ (13,278) $ 560
Investment gain (loss) related to the deferred compensation plan for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 represents earnings, gains, and losses on marketable securities related to a deferred compensation plan offered by one of our subsidiaries. The decrease in investment income for fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022 primarily relates to the change in market performance of the underlying securities.
Currency exchange loss, net, relates to balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency in our subsidiaries, as well as the sale of currencies, and gains or losses recognized on currency exchange forward contracts. We do not speculate in currency positions, but we are alert to opportunities to maximize currency exchange gains and minimize currency exchange losses. The loss for fiscal year 2023 was primarily related to the weakening of the Brazilian Real and Australian Dollar against U.S. Dollar. The loss for fiscal year 2022 was primarily related to the strengthening of the Chinese Renminbi against the U.S. Dollar.
Loss on investments, net, includes unrealized gain (loss) from the fair value change of investment, gain (loss) on equity-method investments and impairment of investments during the periods presented, as applicable. The loss on investments, net for fiscal year 2023 was primarily due to the impairment charge related to one of our equity method investments, partially offset by the unrealized gain related to one of our equity investments without readily determinable fair value resulting from observable price changes. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Non-service cost net pension income (expense) and other increased in fiscal year 2023, compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily due to the curtailment gain recognized in fiscal year 2023 for one of our defined benefit plans as a result of the restructuring actions undertaken by the Company (see Notes 5 and 16 to our consolidated financial statements).
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes and effective income tax rates for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were as follows (Dollars in thousands):
Years Ended March 31,
2023 2022
Provision for income taxes $ 98,947 $ 131,305
Effective income tax rate 21.3 % 16.9 %
The change in the effective income tax rate between fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was primarily due to the mix of income and losses in the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate.
We recognized excess tax benefits from share-based payments, net of shortfalls of $1.3 million and $16.3 million in the United States in fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively, and recognized income tax benefit from the reversal of uncertain tax positions from the expiration of statutes of limitations in the amount of $4.3 million and $4.9 million in fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, we recognized income tax benefit of $3.7 million from the reversal of uncertain tax positions from an effective settlement of a foreign income tax audit in fiscal year 2022.
As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits due to uncertain tax positions was $186.8 million and $176.0 million, respectively, all of which would affect the effective income tax rate if recognized.
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As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $106.4 million and $83.4 million, respectively, in non-current income taxes payable, including interest and penalties, related to our income tax liability for uncertain tax positions. We recognized $2.7 million and $1.5 million, in interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense during fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $6.1 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
We file Swiss and foreign tax returns. We received final tax assessments in Switzerland through fiscal year 2019. For other material foreign jurisdictions such as the United States and China, we are generally not subject to tax examinations for years prior to fiscal year 2020 and calendar year 2020, respectively. In the United States, the federal and state tax agencies have the authority to examine periods prior to fiscal year 2020, to the extent allowed by law, where tax attributes were generated, carried forward, and being utilized in subsequent years. We are under examination in foreign tax jurisdictions. If the examinations are resolved unfavorably, there is a possibility that they may have a material negative impact on our results of operations.
Pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, research and development expenses are required to be capitalized and amortized over five years for U.S. tax purposes if the research and development activities are performed in the U.S. effective for tax year beginning after December 31, 2021. The provision was effective for us beginning in fiscal year 2023. However, the provision which delays the deductibility of research and development expenses is not applicable to our existing research and development activities in the U.S. We evaluate our business activities regularly should the provision become applicable.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Balances, Available Borrowings, and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,149.0 million, compared with $1,328.7 million as of March 31, 2022. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of bank demand deposits and short-term time deposits, of which 78% is held in Switzerland and 12% is held in China (including Hong Kong). We do not expect to incur any material adverse tax impact except for what has already been recognized, or to be significantly inhibited by any country in which we do business from the repatriation of funds to Switzerland, our country of domicile.
As of March 31, 2023, our working capital was $1,555.1 million, compared to $1,651.8 million as of March 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by lower inventories, lower cash balances resulting from share repurchases and payments of cash dividends, and lower accounts receivable, net, partially offset by decreases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
We had several uncommitted, unsecured bank lines of credit aggregating $181.3 million as of March 31, 2023. There are no financial covenants under these lines of credit with which we must comply. As of March 31, 2023, we had outstanding bank guarantees of $13.6 million under these lines of credit.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 46
The following table presents selected financial information and statistics as of March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Dollars in thousands):
March 31,
2023 2022
Accounts receivable, net $ 630,382 $ 675,604
Accounts payable $ 406,968 $ 636,306
Inventories $ 682,893 $ 933,124
Days sales in accounts receivable (DSO)(Days)(1)
59 49
Days accounts payable outstanding (DPO) (Days)(2)
59 78
Inventory turnover (ITO)(x)(3)
3.6 3.2
(1)DSO is determined using ending accounts receivable, net as of the most recent quarter-end and sales for the most recent quarter.
(2)DPO is determined using ending accounts payable as of the most recent quarter-end and cost of goods sold for the most recent quarter.
(3)ITO is determined using ending inventories and annualized cost of goods sold (based on the most recent quarterly cost of goods sold).
DSO as of March 31, 2023 increased by 10 days to 59 days, as compared to 49 days as of March 31, 2022, primarily due to lower revenues resulting from softened demand, partially offset by timing of sales within the quarter.
DPO as of March 31, 2023 decreased 19 days, compared to March 31, 2022, primarily due to a reduction in inventory purchases and lower marketing spend, partially offset by softened demand.
ITO as of March 31, 2023 increased 0.4, compared to March 31, 2022, primarily due to a lower inventory balance as of March 31, 2023, partially offset by softened demand.
If we are not successful in launching and phasing in our new products, or market competition increases, or we are not able to sell the new products at the prices planned, it could have a material impact on our sales, gross margin, operating results including operating cash flow, and inventory turnover in the future.
The following table summarizes our consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands):
Year ended March 31, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 534,010
Net cash used in investing activities (105,730)
Net cash used in financing activities (583,353)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (24,620)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents $ (179,693)
For fiscal year 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was $534.0 million resulting from net income of 364.6 million, a favorable impact from adding back non-cash expenses totaling $213.1 million, and an unfavorable net change in operating assets and liabilities of $43.6 million. Non-cash expenses were primarily related to depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, and deferred income taxes. The decrease in accounts receivable, net was primarily driven by lower sales, partially offset by the timing of sales within the quarter. The decrease in inventories was primarily driven by a reduction in inventory purchases to align with lower demand. The decrease in accounts payable was primarily driven by the reduction in inventory purchases. The decrease in accrued and other liabilities was primarily driven by a lower annual bonus accrual and lower marketing spend.
For fiscal year 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $105.7 million, primarily due to $92.4 million purchases of property, plant, and equipment. Our expenditures for property, plant and equipment during fiscal year 2023 were primarily for tooling and equipment, building improvements, and computer hardware and software.
For fiscal year 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $583.4 million, resulting from repurchases of our registered shares of $418.3 million, payments of cash dividends of $158.7 million, and tax withholdings related to
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 47
net share settlements of restricted stock units of $29.2 million, partially offset by proceeds from exercise of stock options and purchase rights of $28.8 million.
During fiscal year 2023, there was a $24.6 million loss from currency exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents, primarily due to exchange rate fluctuations of Euro, Swiss Franc, Chinese Renminbi, and Australian Dollar versus the U.S. Dollar and timing of our cash transactions over the period.
Cash Outlook
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, cash flow generated from operations and, to a much lesser extent, capital markets and borrowings. Our future working capital requirements and capital expenditures may increase to support investments in product innovations and growth opportunities or to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, services, and technologies. Market volatility driven by the current macroeconomic and geopolitical environment may increase our costs of capital and otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
In May 2023, the Board of Directors recommended that we pay cash dividends for fiscal year 2023 of CHF 1.06 per share (approximately $1.16 per share based on the exchange rate on March 31, 2023). Based on our shares outstanding, net of treasury shares, as of March 31, 2023 (159,343,273 shares), this would result in an aggregate gross dividend of approximately CHF 168.9 million (approximately $184.2 million based on the exchange rate on March 31, 2023). In fiscal year 2023, we paid a cash dividend of CHF 0.96 per share, or CHF 156.1 million (U.S. Dollar amount of $158.7 million based on the exchange rate on the date of payment) out of fiscal year 2022 retained earnings. In fiscal year 2022, we paid a cash dividend of CHF 0.87 per share, or CHF 147.0 million (U.S. Dollar amount of $159.4 million) out of fiscal year 2021 retained earnings. In fiscal year 2021, we paid a cash dividend of CHF 0.79 per share, or CHF 134.0 million (U.S. Dollar amount of $146.7 million) out of fiscal year 2020 retained earnings.
In May 2020, our Board of Directors approved the 2020 share repurchase program, which authorized us to invest up to $250.0 million to purchase our own shares. In April 2021, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $750.0 million to the 2020 share repurchase program, to an aggregate amount of $1.0 billion. The Swiss Takeover Board approved this increase and it became effective on May 21, 2021. In July 2022, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $500 million to the 2020 share repurchase program, to an aggregate amount of up to $1.5 billion to purchase up to 17.3 million of Logitech shares. The Swiss Takeover Board approved this increase and it became effective on August 19, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, $505.8 million was available for repurchase under the 2020 repurchase program.
Although we enter into trading plans for systematic repurchases (e.g., 10b5-1 trading plans) from time to time, our share repurchase program provides us with the opportunity to make opportunistic repurchases during periods of favorable market conditions and is expected to remain in effect for a period of three years through July 27, 2023. Shares may be repurchased from time to time on the open market, through block trades or otherwise. Opportunistic purchases may be started or stopped at any time without prior notice depending on market conditions and other factors.
For over ten years, we have generated positive cash flows from our operating activities, including cash from operations of $534.0 million and $298.3 million during fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. If we do not generate sufficient operating cash flows to support our operations and future planned cash requirements, our operations could be harmed and our access to credit facilities could be restricted or eliminated. However, we believe that the trend of our historical cash flow generation, our projections of future operations and our available cash balances will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.
Our other contractual obligations and commitments that require cash are described in the following sections.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Purchase Commitments
As of March 31, 2023, we had non-cancelable purchase commitments of $368.1 million for inventory purchases made in the normal course of business from original design manufacturers, contract manufacturers and other suppliers, the majority of which are expected to be fulfilled within the next 12 months. We recorded a liability for firm, non-cancelable, and unhedged inventory purchase commitments in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value consistent with our valuation of excess and obsolete inventory. As of March 31, 2023, the liability for
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 48
these purchase commitments was $46.6 million and is recorded in accrued and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
We have firm purchase commitments of $26.3 million for capital expenditures, primarily related to commitments for tooling and equipment for new and existing products and commitments to vendors to fit out and furnish office facilities. We expect to continue making capital expenditures in the future to support product development activities and ongoing and expanded operations. Although open purchase commitments are considered enforceable and legally binding, the terms generally allow us to reschedule or adjust our requirements based on business needs prior to delivery of goods or performance of services.
Operating Leases Obligation
We lease facilities under operating leases, certain of which require us to pay property taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. Operating leases for facilities are generally renewable at our option and usually include escalation clauses linked to inflation. The remaining terms of our non-cancelable operating leases expire in various years through 2033. See Note 17 - Leases in our Notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report for more information on leases.
Income Taxes Payable
As of March 31, 2023, we had $106.4 million in non-current income taxes payable, including interest and penalties, related to our income tax liability for uncertain tax positions. At this time, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years in connection with these tax liabilities.
Indemnifications
We indemnify certain suppliers and customers for losses arising from matters such as intellectual property disputes and product safety defects, subject to certain restrictions. The scope of these indemnities varies, but in some instances includes indemnification for damages and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. As of March 31, 2023, no material amounts have been accrued for indemnification provisions. We do not believe, based on historical experience and information currently available, that it is probable that any material amounts will be required to be paid under our indemnification arrangements.
We also indemnify our current and former directors and certain current and former officers. Certain costs incurred for providing such indemnification may be recoverable under various insurance policies. We are unable to reasonably estimate the maximum amount that could be payable under these arrangements because these exposures are not capped, the obligations are conditional in nature, and the facts and circumstances involved in any situation that might arise are variable.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 49

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market Risk
Market risk represents the potential for loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments. As a company with global operations, we face exposure to adverse movements in currency exchange rates and interest rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results.
Currency Exchange Rates
We report our results in U.S. Dollars. Changes in currency exchange rates compared to the U.S. Dollar can have a material impact on our results when the financial statements of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars. The functional currency of our operations is primarily the U.S. Dollar. Certain operations use the Swiss Franc or the local currency of the country as their functional currencies. Accordingly, unrealized currency gains or losses resulting from the translation of net assets or liabilities denominated in other currencies to the U.S. Dollar are accumulated in the cumulative translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") in shareholders' equity.
We are exposed to currency exchange rate risk as we transact business in multiple currencies, including exposure related to anticipated sales, anticipated purchases and assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. We transact business in approximately 30 currencies worldwide, of which the most significant to operations are the Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Pound Sterling and New Taiwan Dollar. For the year ended March 31, 2023, approximately 51% of our sales were in non-U.S. denominated currencies, with 23% of our sales denominated in Euro. The mix of our costs of goods sold and operating expenses by currency are significantly different from the mix of our sales, with a larger portion denominated in U.S. Dollar and less denominated in Euro and other currencies. A strengthening U.S. Dollar has a more unfavorable impact on our sales compared to the favorable impact on our cost of goods sold and operating expenses, resulting in an adverse impact on our operating results.
We enter into currency forward and swap contracts to reduce the short-term effects of currency fluctuations on certain receivables or payables denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of our subsidiaries. These contracts generally mature within approximately one month. The gains or losses on these contracts are recognized in earnings based on the changes in fair value.
If an adverse 10% foreign currency exchange rate change had been applied to total monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies at the balance sheet dates, it would have resulted in an adverse effect on income before income taxes of approximately $17.0 million and $24.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The adverse effect as of March 31, 2023 and 2022 is after consideration of the offsetting effect of approximately $8.1 million and $15.9 million, respectively, from foreign exchange contracts in place as of such dates.
We enter into cash flow hedge contracts to protect against exchange rate exposure of forecasted inventory purchases. These hedging contracts mature within approximately four months. Gains and losses in the fair value of the effective portion of the hedges are deferred as a component of AOCI until the hedged inventory purchases are sold, at which time the gains or losses are reclassified to cost of goods sold.
If the U.S. dollar had weakened by 10%, the amount recorded in AOCI related to our foreign exchange contracts before tax effect as of March 31, 2023 and 2022 would have been approximately $7.3 million and $12.5 million lower, respectively. The change in the fair value recorded in AOCI would be expected to offset a corresponding foreign currency change in cost of goods sold when the hedged inventory purchases are sold.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Logitech's financial statements and supplementary data required by this item are set forth as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Item 15(a) for a listing of financial statements provided in the section titled "Financial Statements."

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 50

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this Annual Report) required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to reasonably assure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Attached as exhibits to this Annual Report are certifications of the CEO and CFO, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. This Controls and Procedures section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications, and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
(b) Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2023.
The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, which appears in Item 15.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
(d) Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
The Company's management, including the CEO and the CFO, does not expect that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in internal control over financial reporting, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 51

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information regarding our executive officers is incorporated herein by reference to Part I, Item 1, above.
Other information required by this Item may be found in the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
The Company's code of ethics policy entitled, "Logitech Code of Conduct" covers members of the Company's board of directors, the principal executive officer, principal financial and accounting officer and other executive officers as well as all other employees.
Any amendments or waivers of the code of ethics for members of the Company's board of directors or executive officers will be disclosed in the investor relations section of the Company's website within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver. During fiscal year 2020, the Company updated and revised its code of ethics. The new code was posted to the investor relations section of the Company's website.
Logitech's code of ethics is available on the Company's website at www.logitech.com, and for no charge, a copy of the Company's code of ethics can be requested through the following address or phone number:
Logitech
Investor Relations
7700 Gateway Boulevard
Newark, CA 94560 USA
Main (510) 795-8500

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item may be found in the Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item may be found in the Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item may be found in the Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item may be found in the Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 53

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Operations-Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income-Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Balance Sheets-March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows-Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity-Years Ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
3. Exhibits
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 54
Index to Exhibits
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Exhibit Form File No. Filing Date Exhibit No. Filed
Herewith
3.1 Articles of Incorporation of Logitech International S.A., as amended
X
3.2 Organizational Regulations of Logitech International S.A., as amended
10-Q 0-29174 1/21/2021 3.1
4.1 Description of the Registrant's Securities
X
10.1 ** 1996 Stock Plan, as amended
S-8 333-100854 5/27/2003 4.2
10.2 ** Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective September 14, 2022
DEFA14A 0-29174 7/26/2022 App. A
10.3 ** Logitech Inc. Management Deferred Compensation Plan
10-Q 0-29174 11/4/2008 10.1
10.4 ** 1996 Employee Share Purchase Plan (U.S.), as amended and restated
DEFA14A 0-29174 7/23/2013 App. A
10.5 ** 2006 Employee Share Purchase Plan (Non-U.S.), as amended and restated
DEFA14A 0-29174 7/23/2013 App. B
10.6 ** Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement with Logitech International S.A.
20-F 0-29174 5/21/2003 4.1
10.7 ** Form of Director and Officer Indemnification Agreement with Logitech Inc.
20-F 0-29174 5/21/2003 4.2
10.8 ** Logitech Management Performance Bonus Plan, as amended and restated
DEFA14A 0-29174 7/23/2013 App. C
10.9 ** Representative form of stock option agreement (employees) under the Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10-Q 0-29174 11/4/2009 10.2
10.10 ** Representative form of performance stock option agreement (executives and other employees) under the Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10-Q 0-29174 2/5/2013 10.2
10.11 ** Employment Agreement between Logitech Inc. and Bracken Darrell, dated as of December 18, 2015
10-Q 0-29174 1/22/2016 10.1
10.12 ** Representative form of restricted stock unit agreement (executives and other employees) under the Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10-K 0-29174 5/26/2017 10.33
10.13 ** Representative form of performance share unit agreement (executives and other employees) under the Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10-K 0-29174 5/26/2017 10.34
10.14 ** Representative form of restricted stock unit agreement (non-executive board members) under the Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10-Q 0-29174 10/25/2018 10.1
10.15 ** Employment Agreement between Logitech Inc. and Nathan Olmstead, dated as of July 22, 2019
8-K 0-29174 7/23/2019 10.1
10.16 ** Employment Agreement between Logitech Inc. and Prakash Arunkundrum, dated as of May 26, 2020
10-Q 0-29174 7/23/2020 10.1
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 55
10.17 ** Employment Agreement between Logitech Inc. and Samantha Harnett, dated as of July 1, 2020
10-Q 0-29174 7/23/2020 10.2
10.18 ** Employment Agreement between Logitech Inc. and Charles Boynton, dated as of February 6, 2023
X
10.19 ** Offer Letter between Logitech Inc, and Charles Boynton, dated January 30, 2023
X
10.20 ** Representative form of restricted stock unit agreement (Leadership Team and other employees) under the Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10-Q 0-29174 7/28/2022 10.1
10.21 ** Representative form of performance share unit agreement (Group Management Team (executive officers), Leadership Team and other employees) under the Logitech International S.A. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10-Q 0-29174 7/28/2022 10.2
21.1 List of Subsidiaries
X
23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
X
24.1 Power of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
X
31.1 Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
X
31.2 Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
X
32.1 Certification by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
X
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document X
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document X
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document X
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document X
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document X
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document X
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) X
_______________________________________________________________________________
* This exhibit is furnished herewith, but not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability under that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we explicitly incorporate it by reference.
** Indicates management compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
Logitech International S.A. | Fiscal 2023 Form 10-K | 56