EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 315545
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 315545_10-K_2022_0001493152-22-008016.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
General
Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 2002 (together with its subsidiaries, “Provectus” or the “Company”), is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing immunotherapy medicines for different diseases, based on a family of small molecules called halogenated xanthenes (“HXs”). Our lead HX molecule is named rose bengal sodium (“RBS”).
Science
The prerequisite mechanistic step for these immunotherapies is direct contact between HX, such as RBS, and disease, which may lead to disease death or repair, HX treatment-specific innate immune activation, and a disease-specific functional adaptive immune response. HX displays consistent mechanistic behavior across different indications of a disease and across different disease areas, with the potential to be a multi-disease treatment platform and a universal contributor to standard of care and emerging medical treatments.
Intellectual Property (“IP”)
U.S. Patents
We hold a number of patents covering the technologies we have developed and are continuing to develop for the production of investigational drugs and other technologies. All patents material to an understanding of the Company are included in the table below:
U.S. Patent No.
Title
Issue Date
Expiration Date
7,201,914
Combination antiperspirant and antimicrobial compositions
April 10, 2007
May 15, 2024
8,470,296
Improved intracorporeal medicaments for high energy photodynamic treatment of disease
June 25, 2013
July 28, 2022
8,530,675
Process for the synthesis of rose bengal and related xanthenes
September 10, 2013
April 21, 2031
9,107,887
Combination therapy for cancer
August 15, 2015
March 9, 2032
9,273,022
Process for the synthesis of rose bengal and related xanthenes
March 1, 2016
September 17, 2030
9,422,260
Process for the synthesis of rose bengal and related xanthenes
August 23, 2016
September 26, 2030
9,808,524
Combination of local and systematic immunomodulative therapies for melanoma and liver cancer
November 7, 2017
March 9, 2032
9,839,688
Combination of rose bengal and systemic immunomodulative therapies for enhanced treatment of cancer
December 12, 2017
March 9, 2032
10,130,658
Method of ex vivo enhancement of immune cell activity for cancer immunotherapy with a small molecule ablative compound
November 20, 2018
December 18, 2035
10,471,144
Combination of local rose bengal and systemic immunomodulative therapies for enhanced treatment of cancer
November 12, 2019
November 12 2034
11,058,664
In vitro and xenograft anti-tumor activity of a halogenated-xanthene against refractory pediatric solid tumors
July 13, 2021
May 15, 2039
11,071,781
Combination of local and systemic immunomodulative therapies for enhanced treatment of cancer
July 27, 2021
March 9, 2032
We received two patent awards from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 2021, U.S. patent numbers 11,058,664 and 11,071,781. Five patent applications were published on the USPTO’s website:
● Composition and Method for Treating Hematologic Cancers (USPTO application number 16/688319),
● Composition and Method for Oral Treatment of Leukemia (17/232393),
● Treatment of Solid Cancerous Tumors by Oral Administration of a Halogenated Xanthene (17/214590),
● Novel Uses of Halogenated Xanthenes in Oncology and Virology (17/212723), and
● In Vitro and Xenograft Anti-Tumor Activity of a Halogenated-Xanthene Against Refractory Pediatric Solid Tumors (17/344418).
International Patents
In 2021, the Canadian Patent Office granted the Company’s patent application “Method of ex vivo enhancement of immune cell activity for cancer immunotherapy with a small molecule ablative compound.
PV-10 Product Pipeline
PV-10 is an injectable pharmaceutical formulation of RBS and registration study-ready investigational drug product (“PV-10 DP”). Provectus has developed two clinical-stage formulations of PV-10: an intralesional (IL) administration for oncology (10% RBS) for the treatment of cancers of the skin and cancers of the liver, and topical (“top.”) application for dermatology (0.01% RBS) for the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and actinic keratosis). A third formulation is under development for a currently proprietary disease area. Research into new routes of RBS administration and formulations of PV-10 is ongoing, including oral (per os or “PO”), intranasal (“IN”), inhaled top., and/or intravenous (“IV”) for hematology, oncology, virology, microbiology, ophthalmology, and animal health.
For additional information on the disease areas in which the Company is targeting, please see Note 1 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Activity
In January, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center released a preprint manuscript describing how PV-10 in combination with gemcitabine may enhance the chemotherapy’s efficacy against pancreatic tumors: “Intralesional injection of Rose Bengal augments the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy against pancreatic tumors.” Chemotherapy regimens that include gemcitabine are the standard of care for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
In March, Melanoma Research published results from an investigator-led, single-center study of Australian in-transit melanoma patients who received IL PV-10 under a Company-sponsored expanded access (“EAP;” aka compassionate use) program. The Melanoma Research article, entitled “Treatment of in-transit melanoma metastases using intralesional PV-10,” detailed the experience of investigators at Melanoma Institute Australia (formerly the Sydney Melanoma Unit) in Sydney, Australia who treated 48 patients from 2008 to 2016.
The State of Tennessee, as part of its fiscal year 2021-2022 budget, directed funding in the amount of $2.5 million to the Company to develop animal health drug products through partnerships with state universities that have agriculture and veterinary medicine programs and the Company.
Data from the Company’s Phase 1 clinical trial of PV-10 for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (“NET”) metastatic to the liver (“mNET”) refractory to somatostatin analogs (“SSAs”) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (“PRRT”) (NCT02693067) was presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (“ASCO”) 2021 Annual Meeting, held June 4-8 online: “Phase I study of autolytic immunotherapy of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors using intralesional rose bengal disodium.”
Data from the Company’s research on oral delivery of PV-10 for the treatment of adult solid tumors were published as an abstract as part of ASCO 2021 “Pre-clinical evaluation of PV-10 for in vitro anti-tumor activity in refractory and high-risk adult solid tumors.”
Data from an ongoing clinical trial of PV-10 for the treatment of mNET refractory to SSAs and PRRT (NCT02693067) was presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (“ESMO”) Congress, held online from September 16-21: “Phase I study of hepatic intralesional rose bengal disodium (PV10), an autolytic immunotherapy, in metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.”
Data from the Company’s ongoing Phase 1b clinical trial of PV-10 in combination with Keytruda® (pembrolizumab) for the treatment of advanced cutaneous melanoma in patients refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (“CB”) (NCT02557321: first expansion cohort) was presented at the SMR 2021 Virtual Congress (the Society for Melanoma Research annual meeting), held online from October 28-31: “PV-10 and anti-PD-1 in cutaneous melanoma refractory to checkpoint blockade.”
Results from a meta-analysis of the Company’s Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials (NCT00521053 and NCT02288897, respectively) and EAP (NCT01260779) of single-agent PV-10 for the treatment of Stage III cutaneous melanoma was presented at the SMR 2021 Virtual Congress: “Lesion-Level Response to Single-Agent PV-10 in Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma.”
Competition
In general, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are competitive, characterized by steady and sometimes disruptive advances in products and technology. A number of companies have developed and continue to develop products that address the areas we have targeted. Some of these companies are pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies that are international in scope and very large in size, while others are small companies that have been successful in one or more areas we are targeting. Existing or future pharmaceutical, device, or other competitors may develop products that accomplish similar functions to our technologies in ways that may be less expensive, receive faster regulatory approval, or receive greater market acceptance than our products. Many of our competitors have been in existence longer than we have, have greater capital resources, broader internal structure for research, development, manufacturing, and marketing, and may be further along in their respective product cycles.
Supply Chain
Recently, many companies across a variety of sectors have reported disruptions, shortages, and other supply chain-related issues. In the biopharmaceutical sector, delays and interruptions in the supply chain have been particularly pronounced. During 2021, we were able to effectively manage our supply of prescription drug candidates in a manner that avoided any significant interruptions to our clinical programs.
Federal Regulation of Therapeutic Products
All of the prescription drug candidates we currently contemplate developing will require approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) prior to sales within the U.S. and by comparable international governmental healthcare regulatory agencies prior to sale outside the U.S. The FDA and comparable international agencies impose substantial requirements on the manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products. These agencies and other entities regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing, manufacturing, quality control, safety and effectiveness claims, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising, and promotion of our prescription drug candidates. While we attempt to minimize and avoid significant regulatory bars when formulating our products, some degree of regulation from these regulatory agencies is unavoidable.
The regulatory process required by the FDA, through which our prescription drug candidates must successfully pass before they may be marketed in the U.S., generally involves pre-clinical laboratory and animal testing, submission of an application that must become effective before clinical trials may begin, adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product for its intended indication, and FDA approval to market a given product for a given indication after the appropriate application has been filed. For pharmaceutical products, pre-clinical tests include laboratory evaluation of the product, its chemistry, formulation, and stability, as well as in vitro and animal studies to assess the potential safety and efficacy of the product. We will require sponsored work to be conducted in compliance with pertinent local and international regulatory requirements, including those providing for Institutional Review Board approval, national governing agency approval, and patient informed consent, using protocols consistent with ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and other internationally recognized standards and delineated by ICH Good Clinical Practice (“GCP”) standards.
If the FDA is satisfied with the results and data from pre-clinical tests, it will authorize human clinical trials. Human clinical trials traditionally are conducted in three sequential phases which may overlap. Each of the three phases involves testing and study of specific aspects of the effects of the investigational product on human subjects, including testing for safety, dosage tolerance, side effects, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion, and clinical efficacy.
Phase 1 clinical trials include the initial introduction of an investigational new drug into humans, or via a new route of administration or new organ system if previously investigated in humans. These studies are closely monitored and may be conducted in patients but may also be conducted in healthy volunteer subjects. These studies are designed to determine the metabolic and pharmacologic actions of the drug in humans, the side effects associated with increasing doses, and, if possible, to gain early evidence on effectiveness. While the FDA can cause us to end clinical trials at any phase due to safety concerns, Phase 1 clinical trials are primarily concerned with safety issues. We also attempt to obtain sufficient information about the drug candidate’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects during Phase 1 clinical trials to permit the design of scientifically valid, Phase 2 studies.
Phase 1 studies also evaluate drug metabolism, structure-activity relationships, and the mechanism of action in humans. These studies also determine which investigational drugs are used as research tools to explore biological phenomena or disease processes. The total number of subjects included in Phase 1 studies varies with the drug but is generally in the range of 10 to 80.
Phase 2 clinical trials include early controlled clinical studies conducted to obtain preliminary data on the effectiveness of the drug for a particular indication or indications in patients with the disease or condition. This phase of testing also helps determine the common short-term side effects and risks associated with the drug. Phase 2 studies are often randomized controlled studies that are closely monitored and conducted in a relatively small number of patients, usually involving up to several hundred people.
Phase 3 studies are expanded controlled and uncontrolled trials. They are performed after preliminary evidence suggesting effectiveness of the drug has been obtained in Phase 2 and are intended to gather definitive information about effectiveness and safety that is needed to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the drug. Phase 3 studies also provide an adequate basis for extrapolating the results to the general population and transmitting that information in the physician labeling. Phase 3 studies usually include several hundred to several thousand people.
We have established a core clinical development team and have been working with external and FDA-experienced consultants to assist us in developing product-specific development and approval strategies, preparing the required submittals, guiding us through the regulatory process, and providing input into the design and site selection of human clinical studies.
The testing and approval process require substantial time, effort, and financial resources, and we may not obtain FDA approval on a timely basis, if at all. Success in preclinical or early-stage clinical trials does not assure success in later-stage clinical trials. The FDA or research institution conducting the trials may suspend clinical trials or may not permit trials to advance from one phase to another at any time for various reasons, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw a prescription drug approval if we do not comply with pertinent regulatory requirements and standards or if problems are identified after the product reaches the market. If the FDA grants approval of a prescription drug candidate, the approval may impose limitations, including limits on the indicated uses for which we may market a drug product. In addition, the FDA may require additional testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety and/or effectiveness of approved drug products that have been commercialized, and the agency has the power to prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of these post-marketing programs. Further, later discovery of previously unknown problems with a drug product may result in restrictions on the product, including withdrawal from the market.
Marketing our prescription drug candidates abroad will require similar regulatory approvals by equivalent national authorities and is subject to similar risks. To expedite development, we may pursue some or all of our initial clinical testing and approval activities outside the U.S., and in particular in those countries where our prescription drug candidates may have substantial medical and commercial relevance. In some such cases, any resulting drug products may be brought to the U.S. after substantial offshore experience is gained. Accordingly, we intend to pursue any such development in a manner consistent with U.S. and ICH standards so that the resultant development data is maximally applicable for potential global approval.
Additional Regulation
We are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, human health and safety in the U.S. and in other jurisdictions in which we operate. If we violate these laws and regulations, we could be fined, criminally charged or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. Environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have become more stringent over time. We believe that our operations currently comply in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations.
Human Capital Resources
We have four full-time employees. We also engage independent contractors, who currently serve as COO, director of clinical operations, senior scientist, clinical research associates, project manager, information technology manager, controller, patient advocacy manager, and database manager.
We believe the Company’s success depends on its ability to attract, develop, and retain key personnel. The skills, experience and industry knowledge of key employees and contractors significantly benefit our operations and performance. The Company’s Board of Directors and management oversee various employee and contractor initiatives.
Employee health and safety in the workplace is one of the Company’s core values. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored for us the importance of keeping our employees and contractors safe and healthy. In response to the pandemic, the Company has taken actions aligned with the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to protect its workforce so they can more safely and effectively perform their work. During the past two years, employees have worked remotely to ensure their safety, while continuing to perform their duties as they would have.
Available Information
Our website is located at www.provectusbio.com. We make available free of charge through this website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed with or furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Reference to our website does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the site and should not be considered part of this document.
The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC as we do. The website is http://www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
Our business and its future performance may be affected by various factors, the most significant of which are discussed below.
Risks Related to Our Business
We are a clinical-stage drug company, have no prescription drug products approved for commercial sale, have incurred substantial losses, and expect to incur substantial losses and negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future.
We are a clinical-stage drug company that has no prescription drug products approved for commercial sale. We have never generated any substantial revenues and may never achieve substantial revenues or profitability. As of December 31, 2021, we have incurred net losses of approximately $246 million in the aggregate since inception in January 2002. We may never achieve or maintain profitability, even if we succeed in developing and commercializing one or more of our prescription drug candidates. We also expect to continue to incur significant operating expenditures and anticipate that our operating and capital expenses may increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we continue to develop and seek regulatory approval for our prescription drug candidates PV-10 and PH-10, implement additional internal systems and infrastructure, and hire additional personnel.
We also expect to experience negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future as we fund our operating losses and any future capital expenditures. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenues in order to achieve and maintain profitability. We may not be able to generate these revenues or achieve profitability in the future. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability could negatively impact the value of our common stock.
We need additional capital to conduct our operations and commercialize and/or further develop our prescription drug candidates in 2022 and beyond, and our ability to obtain the necessary funding is uncertain.
We need additional capital in 2022 and beyond to continue developing and seeking to commercialize our drug product candidates. We intend to continue with the development of PV-10 and PH-10 on the basis of historical, ongoing, and prospective clinical study and mechanism, of action results.
We have based our estimate of capital needs on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we cannot assure you that estimates and assumptions will remain unchanged. On August 13, 2021, the Board approved a Financing Term Sheet (the “2021 Term Sheet”), which sets forth the terms under which the Company will use its best efforts to arrange for financing of a maximum of $5,000,000 (the “2021 Financing”), which amounts will be obtained in several tranches and evidenced by convertible promissory notes (collectively, the “2021 Notes”). As of December 31, 2021, the Company had received 2021 Notes proceeds of $1,460,000, of which $200,000 is from a related party investor.
Such additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. As discussed in more detail below, additional equity financing could result in significant dilution to stockholders. Further, in the event that additional funds are obtained through licensing or other arrangements, these arrangements may require us to relinquish rights to some of our products, product candidates, and technologies that we would otherwise seek to develop and commercialize ourselves. If sufficient capital is not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our programs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
There is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.
Our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash were $3,106,942 at December 31, 2021, which includes $2,423,958 of restricted cash resulting from a grant received from the State of Tennessee, compared with $97,231 at December 31, 2020. We continue to incur significant operating losses and management expects that significant on-going operating expenditures will be necessary to successfully implement our business plan and develop and market our products. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date that the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are issued. Implementation of our plans and our ability to continue as a going concern will depend upon our ability to develop PV-10 and PH-10, and to raise additional capital.
Management believes that we may have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, including the 2021 Financing, exchange offers, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital, we will not be able to pay our obligations as they become due.
Our investigational drug product candidates are at an early to mid-stage of development and may never obtain U.S. or international regulatory approvals required for us to commercialize our investigational drug product candidates.
We will need approval of the FDA to commercialize our investigational drug product candidates in the U.S. and approvals from FDA-equivalent regulatory authorities in international jurisdictions to commercialize our investigational drug product candidates there.
We are continuing to pursue clinical development of our most advanced drug product candidates, PV-10 and PH-10, for use as treatments for specific disease indications. The continued and further development of these drug product candidates will require significant additional research, formulation and manufacturing development, and pre-clinical and extensive clinical testing prior to their regulatory approval and commercialization. Pre-clinical and clinical studies of our drug product candidates may not demonstrate the safety and efficacy necessary to obtain regulatory approvals. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after experiencing promising results in earlier trials. Pharmaceutical products that appear to be promising at early stages of development may not reach the market or be marketed successfully for a number of reasons, including a product may be found to be ineffective or have harmful side effects during subsequent pre-clinical testing or clinical trials, a product may fail to receive necessary regulatory clearance, a product may be too difficult to manufacture on a large scale, a product may be too expensive to manufacture or market, a product may not achieve broad market acceptance, others may hold proprietary rights that will prevent a product from being marketed, and others may market equivalent or superior products.
Satisfaction of the FDA’s regulatory requirements typically takes many years, depends upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidate and requires substantial resources for research, development, and testing. We cannot predict whether our research and clinical approaches will result in drugs that the FDA considers safe for humans and effective for indicated uses. The FDA has substantial discretion in the drug approval process and may require us to conduct additional nonclinical and clinical testing or to perform post-marketing studies. The approval process may also be delayed by changes in government regulation, future legislation or administrative action or changes in FDA policy that occur prior to or during our regulatory review. Delays in obtaining regulatory approvals may delay commercialization of, and our ability to derive revenues from, our prescription drug candidates, impose costly procedures on us, and diminish any competitive advantages that we may otherwise enjoy.
Our research and product development efforts may not be successfully completed and may not result in any successfully commercialized drug products. Further, after commercial introduction of a new drug product, discovery of problems through adverse event reporting could result in restrictions on the product, including withdrawal from the market and, in certain cases, civil or criminal penalties.
Even if we comply with all FDA requests, we cannot be sure that we will ever obtain regulatory clearance for any of our drug product candidates. Failure to obtain FDA approval of any of our prescription drug candidates will severely undermine our business by reducing our number of salable drug products and, therefore, corresponding revenues.
In international jurisdictions, we must receive approval from the appropriate regulatory authorities before we can commercialize our prescription drug candidates. International regulatory approval processes generally include all of the risks associated with the FDA approval procedures described above.
Before obtaining regulatory approval for the sale of our drug product candidates, including PV-10 and PH-10, we must conduct additional clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our drug product candidates. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to timing and outcome. Competition in clinical development has made it difficult to enroll patients at an acceptable rate in some of our clinical trials. Advances in medical technology could make our prescription drug candidates obsolete prior to completion of clinical testing. A failure of one or more of our clinical trials may occur at any stage of testing. The outcome of pre-clinical testing and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. Moreover, pre-clinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval for their products. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy characteristics despite having progressed satisfactorily through pre-clinical studies and initial clinical testing. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, including those with greater resources and experience, have suffered significant setbacks in Phase 3 clinical development, even after seeing promising results in earlier clinical trials.
Our research and development expenses may increase in connection with expanding clinical trials of our product candidates in existing indications and undertaking clinical trials of our product candidates in new indications. Because successful development of our drug product candidates is uncertain, we are unable to estimate the actual funds required to complete research and development and commercialize our products under development.
Negative or inconclusive results of our future clinical trials of PV-10 and PH-10, or any other clinical trial we conduct, could cause the FDA to require that we repeat or conduct additional clinical studies. Despite the results reported in earlier clinical trials for PV-10 and PH-10, we do not know whether any clinical trials we may conduct will demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety to result in regulatory approval to market our product candidates. If later stage clinical trials do not produce favorable results, our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, may be adversely impacted.
Delays in clinical trials are common and have many causes, and any delay could result in increased costs to us and jeopardize or delay our ability to obtain regulatory approval.
Our planned or ongoing clinical trials may not begin on time, have an effective design, enroll a sufficient number of subjects, or be completed on schedule, if at all. Events which may result in delays or unsuccessful completion of clinical trials, including our future clinical trials, include inability to raise funding, initiate or continue a trial, delays in obtaining regulatory approval to commence a trial, delays in reaching agreement with the FDA or other regulatory authorities on final trial design, imposition of a clinical hold following an inspection of our clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, delays in reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations (“CROs”) and clinical trial sites, delays in obtaining required institutional review board (“IRB”) approval at each site, delays in recruiting suitable patients to participate in a trial, delays in having subjects complete participation in a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up, delays caused by subjects dropping out of a trial, delays caused by clinical sites dropping out of a trial, time required to add new clinical sites or to obtain regulatory approval and open sites in geographic regions beyond the sites initially planned, and delays by our contract manufacturers to produce and deliver sufficient supply of clinical trial materials.
In addition, we may experience a number of unforeseen events during clinical trials for our prescription drug candidates, including PV-10 and PH-10, that could delay or prevent the commencement and/or completion of our clinical trials, including regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site, the clinical study protocol may require one or more amendments delaying study completion, clinical trials of our product candidates may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs, the number of subjects required for clinical trials of our product candidates may be larger than we anticipate, subjects may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate and enrollment in these clinical trials may be significantly slower than we anticipated requiring us to expand the geographic scope of enrollment of patients, clinical investigators or study subjects may fail to comply with clinical study protocols, trial conduct and data analysis errors may occur, including, but not limited to, data entry and/or processing errors, our third-party contractors may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner, or at all, we might have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our prescription drug candidates for various reasons, including a finding that the subjects are being exposed to unacceptable health risks, regulators or institutional review boards may require that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements, the cost of clinical trials of our prescription drug candidates may be greater than we anticipate, the supply or quality of our clinical trial materials or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our prescription drug candidates may be insufficient or inadequate, and our prescription drug candidates may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics, causing us or our investigators to suspend or terminate the trials.
Moreover, we or the FDA may suspend our clinical trials at any time if it appears we are exposing participants to unacceptable health risks or if the FDA finds deficiencies in our submissions or the conduct of these trials. If initiation or completion of any of our clinical trials for our product candidates, are delayed for any of the above reasons or other reasons, our development costs may increase, the approval process could be delayed, any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our prescription drug candidates may be reduced and our competitors may bring drug products to market before us. Any of these events could impair our ability to generate revenues from drug product sales and impair our ability to generate regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The results of our clinical trials may not support acceptable label claims concerning our prescription drug candidates.
Even if our clinical trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that their results will support acceptable label claims concerning our drug product candidates. Success in pre-clinical testing and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and we cannot be sure that the results of later clinical trials will replicate the results of prior clinical trials and pre-clinical testing. The clinical trial process may fail to demonstrate that our prescription drug candidates are safe for humans or effective for indicated uses.
This failure could cause us to abandon a prescription drug candidate and may delay development of other prescription drug candidates. Any delay in, or termination of, our clinical trials will delay our ability to commercialize our prescription drug candidates and generate product revenues. In addition, we anticipate that our clinical trials will involve only a small patient population. Accordingly, the results of such trials may not be indicative of future results over a larger patient population.
Physicians and patients may not accept and use our prescription drug candidates.
Even if the FDA approves our drug product candidates, physicians and patients may not accept and use them. Acceptance and use of our drug products will depend upon a number of factors including perceptions by members of the healthcare community, including physicians, about the safety and effectiveness of our drug products, availability of reimbursement for our drug products from government or other healthcare payers, and effectiveness of marketing and distribution efforts by us and our licensees and distributors, if any.
Because we expect sales or licensure of our prescription drug candidates, if approved, to generate substantially all of our revenues if they are approved, the failure of any of these drugs to find market acceptance would harm our business and could require us to seek additional financing.
We have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities for our prescription drug candidates.
We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities. Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to enter into and maintain collaborative relationships, the collaborator’s strategic interest in the prescription drug products under development and such collaborator’s ability to successfully market and sell any such drug products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to establish or maintain relationships with third party collaborators or develop in-house sales and distribution capabilities. To the extent that we depend on third parties for marketing and distribution, any revenues we receive will depend upon the efforts of such third parties, and there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful. In addition, there can also be no assurance that we will be able to market and sell our prescription drug candidates in the U.S. or internationally.
Competition in the prescription pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is intense.
Other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research organizations currently engage in or have in the past engaged in research efforts related to treatment of cancer and dermatological conditions, which may compete with our clinical trials for patients and investigator resources, cause lower enrollment than anticipated, and could lead to the development of drug products or treatment therapies that could compete directly with our drug product candidates that we are seeking to develop and market.
Many companies are also developing novel therapies to treat cancer and dermatological conditions and, in this regard, are our competitors. Many of the pharmaceutical companies developing and marketing these competing products have greater financial resources and expertise than we do in research and development, manufacturing, preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals, and marketing.
Smaller companies may also prove to be competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with larger and more established companies that may compete with our efforts to establish similar collaborative arrangements. Academic institutions, government agencies, and other public and private research organizations may also conduct research, seek patent protection, and establish collaborative arrangements for research, clinical development, and marketing of prescription drug candidates similar to ours. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to our drug development programs.
In addition to the above factors, we expect to face competition in product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope of regulatory consents, availability of resources, reimbursement coverage, price, and patent position, including potentially dominant patent positions of others.
Since our prescription drug candidates PV-10 and PH-10 have not yet been approved by the FDA or introduced to the marketplace, we cannot estimate what competition these prescription drug candidates might face when they are finally introduced, if at all. We cannot assure you that these prescription drug candidates will not face significant competition for other approved drug products, investigational drug products, and generic equivalents.
If we lose any of our key personnel, we may be unable to successfully execute our business plan.
Our business is presently managed by key employees, independent contractors, and Board members: (i) Bruce Horowitz, our COO, who is an independent contractor, (ii) Heather Raines, CPA, our CFO, (iii) Dominic Rodrigues, who is vice chair of the Board, and (iv) Eric Wachter, Ph.D., our Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”).
In order to successfully execute our business plan, our management and Board must succeed in all of the following critical areas: researching diseases and possible therapies in the areas of oncology and dermatology, developing our prescription drugs candidates, marketing and selling developed prescription drug candidates, obtaining additional capital to finance research and development production, and marketing of our drug products, and managing our business as it grows.
Disruption resulting from management transition may have a detrimental impact on our ability to implement our strategy. The reduction in role and/or loss of key employees, contractors, and/or Board members could have a material adverse effect on our operations, and limit or constrain our ability to execute our business plan.
Our business and operations are subject to risks related to climate change.
The long-term effects of global climate change present risks to our business. Extreme weather or other conditions caused by climate change could adversely impact our supply chain and the operation of our business. Such conditions could also result in physical damage to our leased property, clinical trial materials, clinical sites, or the facilities of our contract manufacturers. These events could adversely affect our operations and our financial performance.
Our business and operations are vulnerable to computer system failures, cyber-attacks or deficiencies in our cyber-security, which could increase our expenses, divert the attention of our management and key personnel away from our business operations and adversely affect our results of operations.
Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems, and those of third parties on which we rely, are vulnerable to damage from: computer viruses; malware; natural disasters; terrorism; war; telecommunication and electrical failures; cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over the Internet; attachments to emails; persons inside our organization; or persons with access to systems inside our organization. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our product development programs. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from completed or ongoing or planned clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach was to result in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur material legal claims and liability, and damage to our reputation, and the further development of our product candidates could be delayed. We could be forced to expend significant resources in response to a cyber security breach, including repairing system damage, increasing cyber security protection costs by deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, paying regulatory fines and resolving legal claims and regulatory actions, all of which would increase our expenses, divert the attention of our management and key personnel away from our business operations and adversely affect our results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
If we are unable to secure or enforce patent rights, trademarks, trade secrets or other IP, our business could be harmed.
We may not be successful in securing or maintaining proprietary patent protection for our prescription drug candidates and technologies we develop or license. In addition, our competitors may develop prescription drug candidates similar to ours using methods and technologies that are beyond the scope of our IP protection, which could reduce our anticipated sales. While some of our drug product candidates have proprietary patent protection, a challenge to these patents can subject us to expensive litigation. Litigation concerning patents, other forms of IP, and proprietary technology is becoming more widespread and can be protracted and expensive and can distract management and other personnel from performing product development duties.
We also rely upon trade secrets, unpatented proprietary knowledge and continuing technological innovation to develop a competitive position. We cannot assure you that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary technology and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets and technology, or that we can adequately protect our trade secrets and technology.
If we are unable to secure or enforce patent rights, trademarks, trade secrets, or other IP, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. If we infringe on the IP of others, our business could be harmed.
We could be sued for infringing patents and other IP that purportedly cover prescription drug candidates and/or methods of using such prescription drug candidates held by persons other than us. Litigation arising from an alleged infringement could result in removal from the market, or a substantial delay in, or prevention of, the introduction of our prescription drug candidates, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
If we do not update and enhance our technologies, they will become obsolete.
The pharmaceutical market is characterized by technological change, and our future success will depend on our ability to conduct successful research in our fields of expertise, discover new technologies as a result of that research, develop products based on our technologies, and commercialize those products. While we believe that our current technology is adequate for our present needs, if we fail to stay at the forefront of technological development, we will be unable to compete effectively. Our competitors may use greater resources to develop new pharmaceutical technologies and to commercialize products based on those technologies. Accordingly, our technologies may be rendered obsolete by advances in existing technologies or the development of different technologies by one or more of our current or future competitors.
Risks Related to Our Governing Documents and Securities
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law may discourage or prevent a change of control, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders, which could affect our stock price adversely and prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our board of directors that our stockholders might consider favorable. Among other things, these provisions will (i) permit our Board to issue up to 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock which can be created and issued by the Board without prior stockholder approval, with rights senior to those of the common stock, (ii) provide that all vacancies on our Board, including as a result of newly created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, (iii) require that any action to be taken by our stockholders must be affected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and not be taken by written consent, (iv) provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide advance notice in writing, and also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice, (v) not provide for cumulative voting rights, and (vi) provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the Board or by such person or persons requested by a majority of the Board to call such meetings.
These and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our Board or initiate actions that are opposed by our then-current Board, including delaying or impeding a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest involving our company. Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our Board could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
Our stock price is below $5.00 per share and is treated as a “penny stock,” which places restrictions on broker-dealers recommending the stock for purchase.
Our common stock is defined as “penny stock” under the Exchange Act and its rules. The SEC has adopted regulations that define “penny stock” to include common stock that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. These rules include the following requirements: (i) broker-dealers must deliver, prior to the transaction, a disclosure schedule prepared by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, (ii) broker-dealers must disclose the commissions payable to the broker-dealer and its registered representative, (iii) broker-dealers must disclose current quotations for the securities, and (iv) a broker-dealer must furnish its customers with monthly statements disclosing recent price information for all penny stocks held in the customer’s account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.
Additional sales practice requirements are imposed on broker-dealers who sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. For these types of transactions, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and must have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale. If our common stock remains subject to these penny stock rules these disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock. As a result, fewer broker-dealers may be willing to make a market in our stock, which could affect a shareholder’s ability to sell their shares.
Future sales by our stockholders may adversely affect our stock price and our ability to raise funds in new stock offerings.
Sales of our common stock in the public market following any prospective offering could lower the market price of our common stock. Sales may also make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that our management deems acceptable.
It is our general policy to retain any earnings for use in our operation.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, for use in our business and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
In the event of the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company or certain mergers, corporate reorganizations or sales of our assets, holders of Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock will be entitled to a preference of a multiple of their investment amount, which will reduce the proceeds to be received by holders of our common stock.
In connection with the 2021, 2020 and 2017 Financings, we have issued convertible notes that converted or are convertible into shares of Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock. The Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock will have a first priority right to receive proceeds from the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of us or certain mergers, corporate reorganizations or sales of our assets (each, a “Company Event”). If a Company Event occurs within two (2) years of the date of issuance of the Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock (the “Date of Issuance”), the holders of Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock will receive a preference of four times (4x) their respective investment amount. If a Company Event occurs after the second (2nd) anniversary of the Date of Issuance, the holders of the Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock will receive a preference of six times (6x) their respective investment amount. As a result, upon the occurrence of a Company Event, the holders of Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock would have the right to receive proceeds from any such transaction before our common stockholders. The payment of this preference could result in our common stockholders not receiving any consideration in connection with a Company Event.
Risks Related to SARS-CoV-2
We are subject to risks associated with a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of a contagious disease, such as the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which may affect our future access to liquidity and materially adversely affect our business operations, results of operations and financial condition.
SARS-CoV-2 was reportedly first identified in late-2019 and subsequently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many companies have experienced disruptions of their operations and the markets they serve. The Company has taken several temporary precautionary measures intended to help ensure the well-being of its employees and contractors and to minimize business disruption. The Company considered the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on its business and operational assumptions and estimates, and determined there were no material adverse impacts on the Company’s results of operations and financial position at December 31, 2021.
The full extent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impacts on the Company’s operations and financial condition is still uncertain. The Company has experienced slower than normal enrollment and treatment of patients, and a prolonged SARS-CoV-2 pandemic could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial results, including the timing and ability of the Company to raise capital, initiate and/or complete current and/or future preclinical studies and/or clinical trials; disrupt the Company’s regulatory activities; and/or have other adverse effects on the Company’s clinical development.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
We currently lease approximately 4,500 square feet of space for operations in Century Park, Knoxville, TN. Our monthly rental charge for these offices is approximately $6,100 per month. The lease is for five years and expires on June 30, 2022.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15 - Commitments, contingencies and litigation.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information and Holders
Our common stock trades on the OTCQB Marketplace under the symbol “PVCT”.
As of March 25, 2022, we had 821 active stockholders of record of our common stock.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently plan to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We may incur indebtedness in the future which may prohibit or effectively restrict the payment of dividends, although we have no current plans to do so. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors. The holders of our Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, that are declared and paid to common stockholders.
Recent Issuances of Unregistered Securities
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the company issued 1,062,500 shares of common stock as incentive compensation with a value of $69,088.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 300,000 shares of immediately vested restricted common stock with a grant date value of $23,199 for services.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued three-year immediately vested warrants to board members to purchase an aggregate of 62,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.28620 per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued three-year immediately vested warrants to a board member to purchase an aggregate of 25,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.28620 per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, pursuant to the Company’s 2017 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Compensation Plan”), the Company issued five-year immediately vested stock options to a board member/officer to purchase an aggregate of 2,425,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.12 per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, pursuant to the Compensation Plan, the Company issued five-year immediately vested stock options to a board member to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.2862 per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company did not issue any stock options.
The issuances of the securities were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) and Rule 506 promulgated under Regulation D thereunder as transactions not involving a public offering.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Information about the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans will be set forth under the heading “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, incorporated by reference in Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED].
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion is intended to assist in the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our results of operations and our financial condition together with our consolidated subsidiaries. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results and percentage relationships set forth in the statement of operations, including trends which might appear, are not necessarily indicative of future operations.
Overview
Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing immunotherapy medicines based on a family of small molecules called halogenated xanthenes (“HXs”). The Company’s lead HX molecule is rose bengal sodium (“RBS”).
Recent Developments
The Series D and D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
On June 20, 2021, the outstanding non-amended 2017 Notes converted into 12,373,247 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock at the Original Conversion Price of $0.2862, and all the outstanding Amended 2017 Notes and outstanding 2020 Notes converted into 9,440,594 shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock at the New Conversion Price of $2.862.
As a result of the conversion of the 2017 Notes and 2020 Notes into convertible preferred stock, all the security interests of these notes in the Company’s intellectual property were released.
Financing
On August 13, 2021, the Board approved a Financing Term Sheet (the “2021 Term Sheet”), which sets forth the terms under which the Company will use its best efforts to arrange for financing of a maximum of $5,000,000 (the “2021 Financing”), which amounts will be obtained in several tranches.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had received 2021 Notes proceeds of $1,460,000, as defined below, of which $200,000 is from a related party investor.
Pursuant to the 2021 Term Sheet, the 2021 Notes (defined below) will be paid back, convert into shares of the Company’s Series D-1 Preferred Stock, or convert into Company equity securities and/or debt instruments of certain future financings on or before twelve months after the issue date of a 2021 Note, subject to certain exceptions.
The 2021 Financing will be in the form of unsecured convertible loans from the investors and evidenced by convertible promissory notes (individually, a “2021 Note” and collectively, the “2021 Notes”). In addition to customary provisions, the 2021 Notes will contain the following provisions:
(i) The 2021 Notes will bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum on the outstanding principal amount of the Loan that has been funded to the Company;
(ii) In the event there is a change of control of the Board, the term of the 2021 Notes will be accelerated and all amounts due under the 2021 Notes may be immediately due and payable at the investors’ option;
(iii) The outstanding principal amount and interest payment under the 2021 Notes may be paid back at maturity at the investors’ option;
(iv) The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2021 Notes may be convertible at the investors’ option into shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to $2.8620. The Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into ten (10) shares of common stock; and
(v) In the event the Company conducts a qualified equity or debt financing and the Company receives gross proceeds in the aggregate amount of $20 million, the 2021 Notes may be converted into the equity securities and/or debt instruments of such financing at the same terms as those investors.
On an as-converted basis, the Series D-1 Preferred Stock carries the right to ten (10) votes per share. The Series D-1 Preferred Stock does not have any dividend preference but will be entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, dividends, if any, that are declared and paid on any other class of the Company’s capital stock. The holders of Series D-1 Preferred Stock do not have anti-dilution protection.
Warrants
In 2021, holders of 18,052,966 warrants to purchase the common stock of the Company at $0.053 per share, have exercised these warrants. The Company has received proceeds in the aggregate amount of $962,223. On August 30, 2021, a total of 68,723,698 of August 2016 warrants expired.
Components of Operating Results
Research and Development Expenses
A large component of our total operating expenses is the Company’s investment in research and development activities, including the clinical development of our product candidates. Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to conduct research and undertake clinical trials to develop our drug product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of:
● costs of conducting clinical trials, including amounts paid to clinical centers, clinical research organizations and consultants, among others;
● salaries and related expenses for personnel, including stock-based compensation expense;
● other outside service costs including cost of contract manufacturing;
● the costs of supplies and reagents; and
● occupancy and depreciation charges.
We expense research and development costs as incurred.
Research and development activities are central to our business model. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in the future as we advance our existing product candidates through clinical trials and pursue their regulatory approval. Undertaking clinical development and pursuing regulatory approval are both costly and time-consuming activities. As a result of known and unknown uncertainties, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and development activities, or if, when, and to what extent we will generate revenue from any subsequent commercialization and sale of our drug product candidates.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation expense and other related costs for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, business development, legal, information technology and corporate communication functions. Other costs include facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expense, insurance, and professional fees for legal, patent and accounting services.
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Overview
Total operating expenses were $4,672,254 for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $291,322 or 5.9% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was driven by our continued transformation and process improvement efforts within the Company, along with lower amortization expense and reduced professional service fees. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $5,539,543, a decrease of $1,138,044 or 17.0% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, which resulted from reduced costs incurred in connection with our preclinical and clinical trial programs, general and administrative costs, and interest expense due to the conversion of the 2017 and 2020 Notes, plus the gain associated with the extinguishment of the Company’s PPP loan.
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Increase/(Decrease) % Change
Operating Expenses:
Research and development $ 2,608,357 $ 2,812,760 $ (204,403 ) -7.3 %
General and administrative 2,063,897 2,150,816 (86,919 ) -4.0 %
Total Operating Expenses 4,672,254 4,963,576 (291,322 ) -5.9 %
Total Operating Loss (4,672,254 ) (4,963,576 ) (291,322 ) 5.9 %
Other Income/(Expense):
EIDL grant - 3,000 (3,000 ) -100.0 %
Research and development tax credit 31,315 27,694 3,621 13.1 %
Investment and interest income 3,415 (3,411 ) -99.9 %
Gain from forgiveness of PPP Loan and interest 63,094 - 63,094 0.0 %
Interest expense (961,702 ) (1,748,120 ) 786,418 -45.0 %
Total Other Expense, Net (867,289 ) (1,714,011 ) 846,722 -49.4 %
Net Loss $ (5,539,543 ) $ (6,677,587 ) $ (1,138,044 ) 17.0 %
Research and Development
Research and development expenses were $2,608,357 for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $204,403 or 7.3% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was due to (i) lower amortization due to patents being fully amortized, and (ii) lower insurance cost, partially offset by (iii) increased clinical trial costs as sites resumed enrollment and treatments.
The following table summarizes our research and development expenses incurred during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Increase/(Decrease) % Change
Operating Expenses:
Research and development:
Clinical trial and research expenses $ 2,064,125 $ 1,983,498 $ 80,627 4.1 %
Depreciation/amortization 8,647 236,754 (228,107 ) -96.3 %
Insurance 207,556 263,074 (55,518 ) -21.1 %
Payroll and taxes 266,514 264,983 1,531 0.6 %
Rent and utilities 61,515 64,451 (2,936 ) -4.6 %
Total research and development $ 2,608,357 $ 2,812,760 $ (204,403 ) -7.3 %
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses were $2,063,897 for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $86,919 or 4.0% compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was due to (i) lower insurance cost, (ii) lower professional fees, and (iii) lower other general and administrative cost, partially offset by (iv) higher legal fees from conversion of 2017 and 2020 Notes and addition of 2021 Notes, and (v) higher payroll and related taxes due to an additional employee.
The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses incurred during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Increase/(Decrease) % Change
Operating Expenses:
General and administrative:
Depreciation $ 4,218 $ 5,036 $ (818 ) -16.2 %
Directors’ fees 385,000 383,065 1,935 0.5 %
Insurance 161,992 185,516 (23,524 ) -12.7 %
Legal and litigation 590,779 485,569 105,210 21.7 %
Other general and administrative cost 63,679 190,577 (126,898 ) -66.6 %
Payroll and taxes 230,898 168,448 62,450 37.1 %
Professional fees 591,356 698,577 (107,221 ) -15.3 %
Rent and utilities 31,055 32,755 (1,700 ) -5.2 %
Foreign currency translation 4,920 1,273 3,647 286.5 %
Total general and administrative $ 2,063,897 $ 2,150,816 $ (86,919 ) -4.0 %
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income increased by $60,304 from $34,109 for the year ended December 31, 2020 to $94,413 for the year ended December 31, 2021, mainly due to the forgiveness of the PPP Loan.
Interest expense decreased by $786,418 from $1,748,120 for the year ended December 31, 2020 to $961,702 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to the conversion of the 2017 and 2020 Notes into shares of Series D and Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.
The following table summarizes our Other Income/(Expenses) incurred during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Increase/(Decrease) % Change
Other Income/(Expense):
EIDL grant $ - 3,000 $ (3,000 ) -100.0 %
Research and development tax credit 31,315 27,694 3,621 13.1 %
Investment and interest income 3,415 (3,411 ) -99.9 %
Gain from forgiveness of PPP Loan and interest 63,094 - 63,094 0.0 %
Interest expense (961,702 ) (1,748,120 ) 786,418 -45.0 %
Total Other Expenses, Net $ (867,289 ) $ (1,714,011 ) $ 846,722 -49.4 %
Liquidity and Going Concern
Our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash were $3,106,942 at December 31, 2021, which includes the $2,423,958 of restricted cash associated with the grant received from the State of Tennessee, compared with $97,231 at December 31, 2020. The consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been prepared on a basis that contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. We have continuing net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities. In addition, we have an accumulated deficit of $246,033,958 as of December 31, 2021. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date that the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are issued. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments to the amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on our ability to obtain additional financing as may be required to fund current operations.
Management’s plans include selling our equity securities and obtaining other financing to fund our capital requirement and on-going operations, including the 2021 Financing discussed above; however, there can be no assurance we will be successful in these efforts. Significant funds will be needed to continue and complete our ongoing and planned clinical trials.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3,106,942, including $2,423,958 of restricted cash, and $97,231, respectively, and a working capital deficit of $4,258,679 and $30,288,035, respectively. Cash requirements for our current liabilities include approximately, $3,352,184 for accounts payable and accrued expenses (including lease liabilities) and a $238,452 note payable related to our short-term financing of our commercial insurance policies. Also, if not converted prior to maturity, convertible debt in the amount of $1,460,000 plus accrued interest will mature one year from the date of the notes. There are no cash requirements for long term liabilities at December 31, 2021. The Company intends to meet these cash requirements from its current cash balance and from future financing.
Access to Capital
Management plans to access capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, including the 2021 Financing, exchange offers, debt financings, corporate collaborations, or other means. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital through the 2021 Financing or otherwise, we will not be able to pay our obligations as they become due.
The primary business objective of management is to build the Company into a commercial-stage biotechnology company; however, we cannot assure you that management will be successful in implementing the Company’s business plan of developing, licensing, and/or commercializing our prescription drug candidates. Moreover, even if we are successful in improving our current cash flow position, we nonetheless plan to seek additional funds to meet our current and long-term requirements in 2022 and beyond. We anticipate that these funds will otherwise come from the proceeds of private placement transactions, including the 2021 Financing, the exercise of existing warrants and outstanding stock options, or public offerings of debt or equity securities. While we believe that we have a reasonable basis for our expectation that we will be able to raise additional funds, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete additional financing in a timely manner. In addition, any such financing may result in significant dilution to stockholders.
During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, our sources and uses of cash were as follows:
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
We experienced negative cash flow from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 in the amounts of $1,013,304- and $4,085,795, respectively. The net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to cash used to fund a net loss of $5,539,543, adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $54,717, plus $4,471,522 of cash generated from changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities. The net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to cash used to fund a net loss of $6,677,587, adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $450,123, plus $2,141,669 of cash generated from changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $4,024,046 and $3,600,191, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2021, $3,160,000 were proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes payable, $962,223 were from the exercise of warrants and, $150,000 was from the investment to purchase Series D-1 Preferred Stock, less $248,177 for repayment of short-term note payable. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $3,225,000 were proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes payable, $418,676 were from the exercise of warrants, less $105,985 for repayment of short-term note payable, and $62,500 was proceeds received through the PPP loan.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures must be in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the periods presented. We believe that the estimates and judgments upon which it relies are reasonably based upon information available to us at the time that it makes these estimates and judgments. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial results will be affected. The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates and judgments and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are described below.
The following is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies or estimates. Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our financial statements included at the end of this Annual Report.
Stock-Based Compensation
We measure the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value amount of the shares expected to ultimately vest is then recognized over the period for which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The estimation of stock-based awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from original estimates, such amounts are recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in performing research and development activities, including compensation and benefits for research and development employees and consultants, facilities expenses, overhead expenses, cost of laboratory supplies, manufacturing expenses, fees paid to third parties and other outside expenses. We accrue for costs incurred as the services are being provided by monitoring the status of the clinical trial or project and the invoices received from our external service providers. We adjust our accrual as actual costs become known.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently issued accounting standards are included in Note 3 - Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements included within this annual report.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Marcum LLP, PCAOB ID No. 688)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Changes In Stockholders’ Deficiency for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ deficiency and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph - Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2, the Company has a significant working capital deficiency, has incurred significant losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
Critical Audit Matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
/s/ Marcum LLP
Marcum llp
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016.
Los Angeles, CA
March 29, 2022
PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, December 31,
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 682,984 $ 97,231
Restricted cash 2,423,958 -
Short-term receivables 5,107 3,930
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 329,908 322,518
Total Current Assets 3,441,957 423,679
Equipment and furnishings, less accumulated depreciation of $91,178 and $78,313, respectively 31,836 44,701
Operating lease right-of-use asset 39,563 120,821
Total Assets $ 3,513,356 $ 589,201
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficiency
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 1,287,459 $ 956,860
Deposit for purchase of Series D-1 Preferred Stock
150,000
-
Unearned grant revenue 2,500,000 -
Other accrued expenses 2,002,486 1,500,782
Accrued interest 10,578 2,774,968
Accrued interest - related parties 6,044 1,766,493
Notes payable 238,452 236,228
Convertible notes payable 1,260,000 16,622,000
Convertible notes payable - related parties 200,000 6,770,000
Operating lease liability 45,617 84,383
Total Current Liabilities 7,700,636 30,711,714
Note payable, non-current portion - 39,061
Operating lease liability, non-current portion - 44,783
Total Liabilities 7,700,636 30,795,558
Commitments, contingencies and litigation (Note 15)
Stockholders’ Deficiency:
Preferred stock; par value $0.001 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized;
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock; 240,000 shares designated; 0 and 100 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $0 and $3,500 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively - -
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock; 12,374,000 shares designated; 12,373,247 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $14,164,889 and $0 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively; (See Note 9. Stockholders’ Deficiency - Liquidation Preference) 12,373 -
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock; 9,441,000 shares designated; 9,218,449 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $105,532,804 and $0 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively; (See Note 9. Stockholders’ Deficiency - Liquidation Preference) 9,219 -
Preferred stock value
Common stock; par value $0.001 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 419,447,119 and 398,807,037 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively 419,447 398,808
Additional paid-in capital 241,440,106 209,923,347
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (34,467 ) (34,097 )
Accumulated deficit (246,033,958 ) (240,494,415 )
Total Stockholders’ Deficiency (4,187,280 ) (30,206,357 )
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficiency $ 3,513,356 $ 589,201
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Operating Expenses:
Research and development $ 2,608,357 $ 2,812,760
General and administrative 2,063,897 2,150,816
Total Operating Expenses 4,672,254 4,963,576
Total Operating Loss (4,672,254 ) (4,963,576 )
Other Income/(Expense):
EIDL grant - 3,000
Research and development tax credit 31,315 27,694
Investment and interest income 3,415
Gain from forgiveness of PPP Loan and interest 63,094 -
Interest expense (961,702 ) (1,748,120 )
Total Other Expense, Net (867,289 ) (1,714,011 )
Net Loss $ (5,539,543 ) $ (6,677,587 )
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share $ (0.01 ) $ (0.02 )
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding - Basic and Diluted 408,223,004 393,252,321
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Net Loss $ (5,539,543 ) $ (6,677,587 )
Other Comprehensive Loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (370 ) (10,089 )
Total Comprehensive Loss $ (5,539,913 ) $ (6,687,676 )
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021 AND 2020
Shares Amount Shares
Amount Shares
Amount Shares
Amount Capital Loss Deficit Total
Accumulated
Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Preferred Stock
Additional Other
Series B Series D Series D-1 Common Stock Paid-In Comprehensive Accumulated
Shares Amount Shares
Amount Shares
Amount Shares
Amount Capital Loss Deficit Total
Balance at January 1, 2020 $ - -
$ - -
$ - 389,889,475
$ 389,889 $ 209,378,835 $ (24,008 ) $ (233,816,828 ) $ (24,072,112 )
Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants - - -
- -
- 7,855,062
7,856 410,821 - - 418,677
Stock-based compensation:
Options - - -
- -
- -
- 64,294 - - 64,294
Common stock - - -
- -
- 1,062,500
1,063 68,025 - - 69,088
Warrants - - -
- -
- -
- 1,372 - - 1,372
Conversion of Series B Preferred Stock to Common Stock
Conversion of Series B Preferred Stock to Common Stock,shares
Conversion of PRH Notes to Series D Preferred Stock
Conversion of PRH Notes to Series D Preferred Stock, shares
Conversion of PRH Notes to Series D-1 Preferred Stock
Conversion of PRH Notes to Series D-1 Preferred Stock, shares
Conversion of PRH Notes to Series D-1 Preferred Stock, shares
Conversion of Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock
Conversion of Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock
Conversion of Series D-1 Preferred Stock to Common Stock
Conversion of Series D-1 Preferred Stock to Common Stock, shares
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss - - -
- -
- -
- - - (6,677,587 ) (6,677,587 )
Other comprehensive loss - - -
- -
- -
- - (10,089 ) - (10,089 )
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ - -
$ - -
$ - 398,807,037
$ 398,808 $ 209,923,347 $ (34,097 ) $ (240,494,415 ) $ (30,206,357 )
Balance
$ - -
$ - -
$ - 398,807,037
$ 398,808 $ 209,923,347 $ (34,097 ) $ (240,494,415 ) $ (30,206,357 )
Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants - - -
- -
- 18,052,966
18,053 944,170 - - 962,223
Stock-based compensation:
Common stock - - -
- -
- 300,000
22,899 - - 23,199
Warrants - - -
- -
- -
- - -
Conversion of Series B Preferred Stock to Common Stock (100 ) - -
- -
- 65,666
(65 ) - - -
Conversion of PRH Notes to Series D Preferred Stock - - 12,373,247
12,373 -
- -
- 3,528,849 - - 3,541,222
Conversion of PRH Notes to Series D-1 Preferred Stock - - -
- 9,440,594
9,441 -
- 27,022,417 - - 27,031,858
Conversion of Series D-1 Preferred Stock to Common Stock - - -
- (222,145 )
(222 ) 2,221,450
2,221 (1,999 ) - - -
Comprehensive loss:
-
Net loss - - -
- -
- -
- - - (5,539,543 ) (5,539,543 )
Other comprehensive loss - - -
- -
- -
- - (370 ) - (370 )
Balance at December 31, 2021 - - 12,373,247
12,373 9,218,449
9,219 419,447,119
419,447 241,440,106 (34,467 ) (246,033,958 ) (4,187,280 )
Balance
- - 12,373,247
12,373 9,218,449
9,219 419,447,119
419,447 241,440,106 (34,467 ) (246,033,958 ) (4,187,280 )
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss $ (5,539,543 ) $ (6,677,587 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation 23,688 134,754
Non-cash lease expense 81,258 73,579
Depreciation 12,865 13,683
Amortization of patents - 228,107
Gain on forgiveness of PPP Loan and interest (63,094 ) -
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Short term receivables (1,449 ) 50,321
Prepaid expenses 265,957 347,107
Accounts payable 331,148 (170,413 )
Unearned grant revenue 2,500,000 -
Other accrued expenses 502,581 244,887
Operating lease liability (83,549 ) (77,916 )
Accrued interest expense 956,834 1,747,683
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities (1,013,304 ) (4,085,795 )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable 2,960,000 3,125,000
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable - related parties 200,000 100,000
Repayment of short-term note payable (248,177 ) (105,985 )
Proceeds from note payable - 62,500
Deposit for purchase of Series D-1 Preferred Stock 150,000 -
Proceeds from exercise of warrants 962,223 418,676
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities 4,024,046 3,600,191
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (1,031 ) (7,871 )
Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash 3,009,711 (493,475 )
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period 97,231 590,706
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, End of Period $ 3,106,942 $ 97,231
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consisted of the following:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 682,984 $ 97,231
Restricted cash 2,423,958 -
Cash and cash Equivalents, restricted cash $ 3,106,942 $ 97,231
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest $ - $ -
Income taxes $ - $ -
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchase of insurance policies financed by short-term note payable $ 273,347 $ 318,775
Conversion of non-amended 2017 Notes to Series D Preferred Stock $ 3,541,222 $ -
Conversion of amended 2017 Notes and 2020 Notes to Series D-1 Preferred Stock $ 27,031,858 $ -
Conversion of Series D-1 Preferred Stock to Common stock $ 222 $ -
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Business Organization and Nature of Operations
Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Provectus” or the “Company”), is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing immunotherapy medicines for different diseases, with the aim of maximizing the curative impact of these medicines and achieving immunity from treated disease. These investigational drugs are based on a wholly owned class of small molecules called halogenated xanthenes (“HXs”). Our lead HX molecule is named rose bengal sodium (“RBS”).
● Oncology: PV-10®, an investigational cancer immunotherapy administered by intralesional (“IL”) injection and an injectable formulation of cGMP (“current Good Manufacturing Practice”) RBS, is undergoing clinical study for adult solid tumor cancers, such as melanoma and gastrointestinal (“GI”) tumors (including hepatocellular carcinoma (“HCC”), colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver (“mCRC”), neuroendocrine tumors (“NET”) metastatic to the liver (“mNET”), and uveal melanoma metastatic to the liver (“mUM”), among others). Orphan drug designation (“ODD”) status was granted to PV-10 by the FDA for metastatic melanoma in 2006, HCC in 2011, and ocular melanoma (including uveal melanoma) in 2019.
Oral formulations of cGMP RBS are also undergoing preclinical study as prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for high-risk and refractory adult solid tumor cancers, such as head and neck, breast, colorectal, and testicular cancers. In vivo data of a colorectal tumor murine model that continuously promotes abnormal cell proliferation and transformation into cancer indicate increased survival in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings.
● Pediatric Oncology: IL PV-10 is also undergoing preclinical study for pediatric solid tumor cancers (including neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteosarcoma). ODD status was granted to PV-10 by the FDA for neuroblastoma in 2018.
● Hematology: Oral formulations of cGMP RBS are undergoing preclinical study for refractory and relapsed pediatric blood cancers (including leukemias). In vivo data of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia murine model indicated increased survival.
● Virology: Systemically administered formulations of cGMP RBS are undergoing preclinical study for the novel strain of coronavirus (“CoV”): severe acute respiratory syndrome (“SARS”) CoV 2 (“SARS-CoV-2”). In silico data indicate docking-based binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2’s main protease, spike protein, and different variants of the spike protein. In vitro data indicate activity against SARS-CoV-2 in African green monkey kidney cell (Vero) and human lung epithelial cell (Calu-3) models, and synergistic activity with remdesivir in a Vero cell model.
● Microbiology: Different formulations of cGMP RBS are undergoing preclinical study as potential treatments for multi-drug resistant (“MDR”) bacteria, such as gram-positive and gram-negative.
● Ophthalmology: Topical formulations of cGMP RBS are undergoing preclinical study as potential treatments for diseases of the eye, such as infectious keratitis.
● Dermatology: PH-10®, an investigational immuno-dermatology agent administered as a topical gel and formulation of cGMP RBS, is undergoing monotherapy clinical study and preclinical study of combination therapy with approved drugs for inflammatory dermatoses (including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis).
● Animal Health: Different formulations of cGMP RBS are undergoing development as potential treatments for animal cancers and dermatological disorders.
To date, the Company has not generated any revenues or profits from planned principal operations. The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to successfully develop and license or commercialize the Company’s prescription drug candidates.
SARS-CoV-2 was reportedly first identified in late-2019 and subsequently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many companies have experienced disruptions of their operations and the markets they serve. The Company has taken several temporary precautionary measures intended to help ensure the well-being of its employees and contractors and to minimize business disruption. The Company considered the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on its business and operational assumptions and estimates, and determined there were no material adverse impacts on the Company’s results of operations and financial position at December 31, 2021.
The full extent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impacts on the Company’s operations and financial condition is still uncertain. The Company has experienced slower than normal enrollment and treatment of patients, and a prolonged SARS-CoV-2 pandemic could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial results, including the timing and ability of the Company to raise capital, initiate and/or complete current and/or future preclinical studies and/or clinical trials; disrupt the Company’s regulatory activities; and/or have other adverse effects on the Company’s clinical development.
2. Liquidity and Going Concern
The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash were $3,106,942 at December 31, 2021 which includes the $2,423,958 of restricted cash resulting from a grant received from the State of Tennessee. The Company’s working capital deficiency was $4,258,679 and $30,288,035 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The improvement in working capital is primarily driven by the conversion of the 2017 and 2020 Notes into Series D and D-1 Preferred Stock. The Company continues to incur significant operating losses. Management expects that significant on-going operating expenditures will be necessary to successfully implement the Company’s business plan and develop and market its products. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued. Implementation of the Company’s plans and its ability to continue as a going concern will depend upon the Company’s ability to develop PV-10, PH-10, and/or any other halogenated xanthene-based drug products, and to raise additional capital.
The Company plans to access capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, including the 2021 Financing (as defined in Note 5), exchange offers, debt financings, corporate collaborations, or other means. In addition, the Company continues to explore opportunities to strategically monetize its lead drug candidates, PV-10 and PH-10, through potential co-development and licensing transactions, although there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful with such plans. The Company has historically been able to raise capital through equity and debt offerings, although no assurance can be provided that it will continue to be successful in the future. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient capital, it will not be able to pay its obligations as they become due.
The primary business objective of management is to build the Company into a commercial-stage biotechnology company; however, the Company cannot assure that it will be successful in co-developing, licensing, and/or commercializing PV-10, PH-10, and/or any other halogenated xanthene-based drug candidate developed by the Company or entering into any financial transaction. Moreover, even if the Company is successful in improving its current cash flow position, the Company nonetheless plans to seek additional funds to meet its long-term requirements in 2022 and beyond. The Company anticipates that these funds will otherwise come from the proceeds of private placement transactions, the exercise of existing warrants and outstanding stock options, or public offerings of debt or equity securities. While the Company believes that it has a reasonable basis for its expectation that it will be able to raise additional funds, the Company cannot provide assurance that it will be able to complete additional financing in a timely manner. In addition, any such financing may result in significant dilution to stockholders.
3. Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions include the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation, accrued liabilities and the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s cash equivalents consist of Treasury bills.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of a grant award of $2,500,000 received in cash from the State of Tennessee less payments to vendors for expenses and deposits in the amount of $76,042. See Note 14. Grants.
Cash Concentrations
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits of $250,000, although the Company seeks to minimize this through treasury management. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances although no assurance can be provided that it will not experience any losses in the future. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had cash, cash equivalent, and restricted cash balances in excess of FDIC insurance limits of $2,856,942 and $0, respectively.
Equipment and Furnishings, net
Equipment and furnishings are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of equipment is provided for using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Computers and office equipment are being depreciated over five years; furniture and fixtures are being depreciated over ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of (a) the useful life of the asset; or (b) the remaining lease term. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company capitalizes cost attributable to the betterment of property and equipment when such betterment extends the useful life of the assets.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Any long-lived assets held for disposal are reported at the lower of their carrying amounts or fair value less cost to sell. Management has determined there to be no impairment during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Patent Costs, net
Internal patent costs are expensed in the period incurred. Patents purchased are capitalized and amortized over the remaining estimated useful life of the patent.
The patents are fully amortized as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Patent amortization was $0 and $228,107 during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Related Party Receivables
Management estimates the reserve for uncollectibility based on existing economic conditions, the financial conditions of the current and former employees, and the amount and age of past due receivables. Receivables are considered past due if full payment is not received by the contractual due date. Past due amounts are generally written off against the reserve for uncollectibility only after all collection attempts have been exhausted. See Note 8 - Short-term Receivables.
Grant Income
Grant income is recognized when qualifying costs are incurred and there is reasonable assurance that conditions of the grant have been met. Cash received from grants in advance of incurring qualifying costs is recorded as unearned grant revenue and recognized as other income when qualifying costs are incurred.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are charged to expense when incurred. An allocation of payroll expenses to research and development is made based on a percentage estimate of time spent. The research and development costs include the following: payroll, consulting and contract labor, lab supplies and pharmaceutical preparations, insurance, rent and utilities, and depreciation and amortization.
Leases
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new standard related to leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet (“ASC 842”) with amendments issued in 2018. Most prominent among the changes in the standard is the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Under the standard, disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company is also required to recognize and measure new leases at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption using a modified retrospective approach, with certain practical expedients available.
The Company adopted ASC 842 effective January 1, 2019 and elected to apply the available practical expedients. The standard had an impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets but did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations or cash flows upon adoption. The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 “Income Taxes”. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred income tax assets to zero. In the event the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize some or all its deferred income tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred income tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made.
The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon an examination. Any recognized income tax positions would be measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement would be reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company would recognize any corresponding interest and penalties associated with its income tax positions in income tax expense. There were no income taxes, interest or penalties incurred in 2021 or 2020.
Convertible Instruments
The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 815: Derivatives and Hedging. The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record qualifying embedded conversion options and any related freestanding instruments at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification. Embedded conversion options classified as derivative liabilities and any related equity classified freestanding instruments are recorded as a discount to the host instrument.
If the instrument is determined to not be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the commitment date fair value to the effective conversion price of the instrument.
Preferred Stock
The Company applies the accounting standards for distinguishing liabilities from equity when determining the classification and measurement of its preferred stock. Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable preferred shares (including preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, preferred shares are classified as stockholders’ deficiency.
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share
Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other instruments to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
Schedule of Securities Excluded from Calculation of Weighted Average Dilutive Common Shares
December 31,
Warrants 512,500 87,264,164
Options 3,625,000 4,800,000
Convertible preferred stock 104,557,737 65,663
Total potentially dilutive shares 108,695,237 92,129,827
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The Company determines the estimated fair value of amounts presented in these consolidated financial statements using available market information and appropriate methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. The estimates presented in the financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current exchange between buyer and seller. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. These fair value estimates were based upon pertinent information available as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, other current assets, accounts payable, unearned grant income, and accrued expenses approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The carrying amounts of our credit obligations approximate fair value because the effective yields on these obligations, which include contractual interest rates are comparable to rates of returns for instruments of similar credit risk.
ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level
Inputs use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
Level
Inputs use directly or indirectly observable inputs. These inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets as well as other inputs such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
Level
Inputs are unobservable inputs, including inputs that are available in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the related asset or liability.
In instances where inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels in the above fair value hierarchy, fair value measurements in their entirety are categorized based on the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. The Company’s assessment of the significance of particular inputs to these fair value measurements requires judgment and considers factors specific to each asset or liability.
Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair value of positions that are classified within the Level 3 category. As a result, the unrealized gains and losses for assets within the Level 3 category may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in historical company data) inputs. Financial assets are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s reporting currency is the United States Dollar. The functional currencies of the Company’s operating subsidiaries are their local currencies (United States Dollar and Australian Dollar). Australian Dollar denominated assets and liabilities are translated into the United States Dollar at the balance sheet date ($22,053 and $407,851 at December 31, 2021 and $10,552 and $332,446 at December 31, 2020, respectively), and expense and other income accounts are translated at a weighted average exchange rate for the years then ended ($85,052 and $44,994 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively). Equity is translated at historical rates and the resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”), which is a separate component of stockholders’ deficiency. Therefore, the U.S. dollar value of the non-equity translated items in the Company’s consolidated financial statements will fluctuate from period to period, depending on the changing value of the U.S. dollar versus these currencies.
The Company engages in foreign currency denominated transactions with its Australian subsidiary. At the date that the transaction is recognized, each asset, liability, revenue, expense, gain or loss arising from the transaction is measured and recorded in the functional currency of the recording entity using the exchange rate in effect at that date. At each balance sheet date, recorded monetary balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are adjusted using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date, with gains or losses recorded in other income or other expense.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and then is recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The Company computes the fair value of equity-classified warrants and options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected volatility factor of the market price of the Company’s common stock which is determined by reviewing its historical public market closing prices.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-06, “Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASU 2020-06”). Under ASU 2020-06, the embedded conversion features are no longer separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. The new guidance also requires the if-converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of the standard requires using either a modified retrospective or a full retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10 “Codification Improvements”, which improves consistency by amending the Codification to include all disclosure guidance in the appropriate disclosure sections and clarifies application of various provisions in the Codification by amending and adding new headings, cross referencing to other guidance, and refining or correcting terminology. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2022 and it did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
On May 3, 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. This new standard provides clarification and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (such as warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Issuers should apply the new standard prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date of the new standard. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an issuer elects to early adopt the new standard in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2022 and it did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Recent Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021 and there was no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, “Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” ASU 2020-01 states any equity security transitioning from the alternative method of accounting under Topic 321 to the equity method, or vice versa, due to an observable transaction will be remeasured immediately before the transition. In addition, the ASU clarifies the accounting for certain non-derivative forward contracts or purchased call options to acquire equity securities stating such instruments will be measured using the fair value principles of Topic 321 before settlement or exercise. 20 The Company adopted ASU 2020-01 on a prospective basis on January 1, 2021 and there was no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-03, “Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2020-03”). There are seven issues addressed in this update. Issues 1 - 5 were clarifications and codifications of previous updates. Issue 3 relates only to depository and lending institutions and therefore would not be applicable to the Company. Issue 6 was a clarification on determining the contractual term of a net investment in a lease for purposes of measuring expected credit losses, an issue not applicable to the Company. Issue 7 relates to the regaining control of financial assets sold and the recordation of an allowance for credit losses. The amendment related to issues 1, 2, 4 and 5 became effective immediately upon adoption of the update. Issue 3 becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Issues 6 and 7 become effective on varying dates that relate to the dates of adoption of other updates. The Company adopted the applicable provisions within ASU 2020-03 which became effective during fiscal 2020 and 2021 and this adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.
4. Other Accrued Expenses
The following table summarizes the other accrued expenses at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Schedule of Other Accrued Expenses
For The Years Ended
December 31,
Accrued payroll and taxes $ 174,533 $ 31,504
Accrued vacation 42,871 25,452
Accrued directors’ fees 1,560,589 1,175,589
Accrued PPP interest -
Accrued other expenses 224,493 267,799
Total Other Accrued Expenses 2,002,486 1,500,782
5. Convertible Notes Payable
The following summarizes convertible note activity during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Schedule of Convertible Notes Payable
2017 Notes 2020 Notes 2021 Notes Total
Balance at January 1, 2020 $ 20,067,000 $ 100,000 $ - $ 20,167,000
Issuances - 3,225,000 - 3,225,000
Balance at December 31, 2020 20,067,000 3,325,000 - 23,392,000
Issuances - 1,700,000 1,460,000 3,160,000
Conversions (20,067,000 ) (5,025,000 ) - (25,092,000 )
Balance at December 31, 2021 $ - $ - $ 1,460,000 $ 1,460,000
Financing
On August 13, 2021, the Board approved a Financing Term Sheet (the “2021 Term Sheet”), which set forth the terms under which the Company will use its best efforts to arrange for financing of a maximum of $5,000,000 (the “2021 Financing”), which amounts will be obtained in several tranches.
Pursuant to the 2021 Term Sheet, the 2021 Notes will either be paid back, convert into shares of the Company’s Series D-1 Preferred Stock, or convert into Company equity securities and/or debt instruments of certain future financings on or before twelve months after the issue date of a 2021 Note, subject to certain exceptions.
The 2021 Financing is in the form of unsecured convertible loans from the investors and evidenced by convertible promissory notes (individually, a “2021 Note” and collectively, the “2021 Notes”). In addition to customary provisions, the 2021 Notes will contain the following provisions:
(i) The 2021 Notes will bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum on the outstanding principal amount of the loan that has been funded to the Company;
(ii) In the event there is a change of control of the Board, the term of the 2021 Notes will be accelerated and all amounts due under the 2021 Notes may be immediately due and payable at the investors’ option;
(iii) The outstanding principal amount and interest payment under the 2021 Notes may be paid back at maturity at the investors’ option;
(iv) The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2021 Notes may be convertible at the investors’ option into shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to $2.8620. The Series D-1 Preferred Stock is convertible into ten (10) shares of common stock; and
(v) In the event the Company conducts a qualified equity or debt financing and the Company receives gross proceeds in the aggregate amount of $20 million, the 2021 Notes may be converted into the equity securities and/or debt instruments of such financing at the same terms as those investors.
The embedded conversion options associated with the 2021 Notes do not require bifurcation and treatment as a derivative liability and they do not represent a beneficial conversion feature because the effective conversion price is not at a discount to the commitment date market price.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had received 2021 Notes (defined above) proceeds of $1,460,000, of which $200,000 is from a related party investor (an officer of the Company).
Financing
On December 31, 2019, the Board approved a Definitive Financing Term Sheet (the “2020 Term Sheet”), which sets forth the terms of a financing in the form of secured convertible loans from investors that were evidenced by convertible promissory notes (the “2020 Notes”), which bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum.
The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2020 was convertible into shares of a new series of preferred stock at a price per share equal to $2.8620, either (a) at any time after the new series of preferred stock is designated, at the sole discretion of the investors; or (b) automatically on June 20, 2021, subject to certain exceptions. See 2021 Conversions of Notes into Preferred Stock below.
Over time, the Company received 2020 Notes proceeds of $5,025,000, of which $100,000 is from a related party investor, an officer of the Company.
Financing
On March 23, 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive Definitive Financing Commitment Term Sheet with a group of the Company’s stockholders (the “PRH Group”), which was amended and restated effective as of March 19, 2017 (the “2017 Term Sheet”) that set forth the terms of a financing in the form of secured convertible loans from the PRH Group or other investors that were evidenced by convertible promissory notes (the “2017 Notes”), which bore interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum.
The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2017 Notes were convertible into shares of a new series of preferred stock at a price per share equal to $0.2862, either (a) at any time after the new series of preferred stock is designated, at the sole discretion of the investors; or (b) automatically at the eighteen-month anniversary of the funding of the final tranche of 2017 Notes, subject to certain exceptions. See 2021 Conversions of Notes into Preferred Stock below.
Over time, the Company received 2017 Notes proceeds of $20,067,000, of which $6,670,000 is from related party investors. Officers of the Company invested $3,050,000 and Board of Director members invested $3,620,000.
Firm Commitment
Previously, the Company had not designated the new series of preferred stock into which the 2017 Notes and the 2020 Notes (collectively the “Notes”) were convertible into. As a result, the Company did not analyze the Notes for a potential beneficial conversion feature, as the definition of a firm commitment had not been met since the Notes were not yet convertible. On June 17, 2021, the required Certificates of Designation were filed with the Delaware Secretary of State. Accordingly, a firm commitment was achieved. The Company analyzed the Notes for a beneficial conversion feature and determined that there was none because the Notes have an effective conversion price of $0.2862 per share of underlying common stock, which exceeds the $0.07 per share commitment date closing market price of the common stock.
Conversions of Notes into Preferred Stock
The following summarizes the conversion activity during the year ended December 31, 2021:
Schedule of Conversion of Notes into Preferred Stock
2021 Conversions Into Preferred Stock
Series D Series D-1 Total
Principal converted $ 2,712,000 $ 22,380,000 $ 25,092,000
Accrued interest converted 829,222 4,651,858 5,481,080
Total converted $ 3,541,222 $ 27,031,858 $ 30,573,080
Conversion price $ 0.2862 $ 2.8620
Shares 12,373,247 9,440,594 21,813,841
Any fractional shares issuable pursuant to the formula were rounded up to the next whole share of Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Shares.
The 2017 Notes originally provided that they were convertible into a new series of preferred stock at a price per share equal to $0.2862 (the “Original Conversion Price”).
In order to ensure that the Company had sufficient authorized shares of preferred stock into which the 2017 Notes would convert, yet keep the economic terms of the 2017 Notes substantially equivalent, on February 26, 2019, the Company entered into amendments (the “Amendments”) to the 2017 Notes (as amended, the “Amended 2017 Notes”) with a large majority of the holders of 2017 Notes to increase the conversion price by 10 times from $0.2862 to $2.8620 (the “New Conversion Price”) and to change the conversion ratio by providing that one share of Preferred Stock would be convertible into 10 shares of common stock (the “New Conversion Ratio”). The impact of the Amendments was to reduce by 10 times the number of shares of preferred stock into which the 2017 Notes would convert, while keeping the economic terms the same. The 2020 Notes had substantially similar terms to the Amended 2017 Notes, including being convertible into preferred stock at the New Conversion Price, with the Preferred Stock being convertible into Common Stock at the New Conversion Ratio.
In order to (i) address the fact that a small minority of the holders of 2017 Notes did not execute the Amendments and (ii) ensure economic fairness for all of the holders of the 2017 Notes and 2020 Notes, on June 17, 2021, the Company designated two separate series of preferred stock into which the 2017 Notes and 2020 Notes would convert: (i) the Company’s Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share was designated for the holders of 2017 Notes who did not execute the Amendments and (ii) the Company’s Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share was designated for the holders of Amended 2017 Notes and the holders of the 2020 Notes.
On June 20, 2021, principal and interest in the aggregate amount of $3,541,222, representing all of the outstanding non-amended 2017 Notes, was converted into 12,373,247 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock at the Original Conversion Price of $0.2862. Further on June 20, 2021, principal and interest in the aggregate amount of $27,031,858, representing all of the outstanding Amended 2017 Notes and outstanding 2020 Notes was converted into 9,440,594 shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock at the New Conversion Price of $2.862. Any fractional shares issuable pursuant to the formula were rounded up to the next whole share of Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Shares. See Note 9. Stockholders’ Deficiency for additional information on the Series D and Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.
As a result of the conversion of the 2017 Notes and 2020 Notes into convertible preferred stock, all the security interests of these Notes in the Company’s intellectual property were released.
6. Notes Payable
On April 20, 2020, the Company received a $62,500 loan under the CARES Act PPP (the “PPP Loan”). The PPP provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts of up to 2.5 times certain of the borrower’s average monthly payroll expenses. On May 20, 2021, the Company applied for forgiveness of the PPP Loan. On June 2, 2021, the Company was awarded full forgiveness of the PPP Loan and accrued interest. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a gain on forgiveness of the PPP loan of $62,500 and interest of $594.
The Company obtained short-term financing from AFCO Insurance Premium Finance for our commercial insurance policies. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance of the note payable was $238,452 and $212,790, respectively.
7. Related Party Transactions
During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company paid Mr. Bruce Horowitz (Capital Strategists) consulting fees of $169,600 and $254,400, respectively, for services rendered. Director fees for Mr. Horowitz for the year ending December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $75,000 and $75,000, respectively. Accrued director fees for Mr. Horowitz as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $281,250 and $206,250, respectively. Total amount owed to Capital Strategist as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $127,200 and $42,400, respectively. Mr. Horowitz serves as both COO and a Director.
See Note 5 and Note 8 for details of other related party transactions.
Director fees during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $385,000 and $383,065, respectively. Accrued directors’ fees as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $1,560,589 and $1,175,589, respectively.
8. Short-term Receivables
Receivables at December 31, 2021 and 2020, include the Australian VAT tax credit and approximately $2,100,000 that is owed from Peter Culpepper. The Company has established a reserve of approximately $2,100,000 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, which represents the amount Culpepper owes to the Company under the Derivative Lawsuit Settlement (excluding the amount of attorneys’ fees incurred in enforcing the terms of the Derivative Lawsuit Settlement).
9. Stockholders’ Deficiency
Authorized Capital
As of December 31, 2021, the Company was authorized to issue 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value. The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote per share. The preferred stock is designated as follows: 240,000 shares to Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), 12,374,000 shares to Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), and 9,441,000 shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series D-1 Preferred Stock”) and 2,945,000 shares undesignated.
Series B Preferred Stock
On August 25, 2016, the Company filed the Series B Certificate of Designation with the Delaware Secretary of State. The Series B Certificate of Designation provides for the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock with a par value $0.001 per share and a stated value of $25.00 per share. The Series B Preferred Stock has no voting rights. The holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at the rate of 8% per annum of the stated value per share, until the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock, at which time the Series B Preferred Stock automatically converts into common stock at the adjusted conversion price of $0.0533.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, 100 shares of outstanding Series B Preferred Stock automatically converted, at the fifth-year anniversary of their issuance, into 65,666 shares of common stock, which represents $3,500 ($2,500 of stated value plus $1,000 of cumulative dividends) divided by the adjusted conversion price.
Series D and Series D-1 Preferred Stock
The rights, preferences and privileges of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series D-1 Preferred Stock (collectively, the “D-Series Preferred Stock”) are set forth in their respective Certificates of Designation. The Board of Directors of the Company approved each of the Certificates of Designation on June 14, 2021, and each Certificate of Designation was filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on June 17, 2021. The Series D Certificate of Designation established and designated 12,374,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D-1 Certificate of Designation established and designated 9,441,000 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock.
On June 20, 2021, the Company issued 12,373,247 shares of Series D Preferred Stock upon the conversion of all of the outstanding 2017 Notes at the Original Conversion Price of $0.2862 and issued 9,440,594 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock upon the conversion of all outstanding Amended 2017 Notes and 2020 Notes at the New Conversion Price of $2.862. See Note 5. Convertible Notes Payable for additional information on the conversion.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received consideration of $150,000 from an investor in exchange for an aggregate of 52,411 shares of restricted Series D-1 Preferred Stock that have not yet been issued.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, a holder of 222,145 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock voluntarily converted the Preferred Stock into 2,221,450 shares of common stock.
Rank
The Series D Preferred Stock and the Series D-1 Preferred Stock rank pari passu with each other. The D-Series Preferred Stock rank senior to the Common Stock and any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock, the terms of which do not provide that shares of such class rank senior to, or pari passu with, the D-Series Preferred as to dividends and distributions upon a change of control transaction, or the liquidation, winding-up and dissolution of the Company.
Dividends
The D-Series Preferred Stock does not have any dividend preference but are entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, dividends, if any, that are declared and paid on the common stock and any other class of the Company’s capital stock that ranks junior or on par to the D-Series Preferred Stock.
Liquidation Preference
Upon the occurrence of the liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company or certain mergers, corporate reorganizations or sales of the Company’s assets (each, a “Company Event”), holders of D-Series Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive a liquidation preference before any distributions are made to holders of any other class or series of the Company’s capital stock junior to the D-Series Preferred Stock. If a Company Event occurs within two years of June 20, 2021 (the “Date of Issuance”), the holders of D-Series D Preferred Stock will receive, for each share of D-Series Preferred Stock, an amount in cash equal to the Original Issue Price (as defined in the respective Certificates of Designation) multiplied by four. If a Company Event occurs from and after the second anniversary of the Date of Issuance, the holders of D-Series Preferred Stock will receive, for each share of D-Series Preferred Stock, an amount in cash equal to the Original Issue Price multiplied by six. The Original Issue Price for the Series D Preferred Stock is $0.2862, and the Original Issue Price for the Series D-1 Preferred Stock is $2.862.
Voting Rights
Holders of shares of D-Series Preferred Stock will vote together with the holders of common stock as a single class. Each share of Series D Preferred Stock carries the right to one vote per share. Each share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock carries the right to ten votes per share.
The Company is not permitted to amend, alter or repeal its Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws in a manner adverse to the relative rights, preferences, qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the D-Series Preferred Stock without the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of D-Series Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class with each share of D-Series Convertible Preferred Stock having a number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock then issuable upon conversion of such share of D-Series Preferred Stock.
Conversion
The Series D Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders thereof into shares of common stock based on a one-for-one conversion ratio. The Series D-1 Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders thereof into shares of common stock based on a one-for-ten conversion ratio. The conversion ratio of the D-Series Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment for stock splits and combinations, recapitalizations, reclassifications, reorganizations, mergers, and consolidations. The D-Series Preferred Stock will automatically convert into shares of common stock upon the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance.
Common Stock Issuances
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 1,062,500 shares of immediately vested restricted common stock with an aggregate issuance date value of $69,088, which was recognized immediately as stock compensation within general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The following summarizes the Common Stock Issuances activity during the year ended December 31, 2020:
Schedule of Common Stock Issuance Activity
Type Date Stock Issuance Grant Date Value
Contractor 4/1/2020 25,000 $ 1,150
Advisory Board Member 7/31/2020 25,000 1,800
Advisory Board Member 8/31/2020 12,500 1,013
Advisory Board Member 10/26/2020 25,000 1,750
Contractor 11/10/2020 25,000 1,625
Employee 11/10/2020 50,000 3,250
Board of Director 11/10/2020 100,000 6,500
Board of Director/Officer 11/10/2020 800,000 52,000
Total
1,062,500 $ 69,088
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 300,000 shares of immediately vested restricted common stock with a grant date fair value of $23,199 for services.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued 2,221,450 shares of common stock upon the voluntary conversion of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.
10. Stock Incentive Plan and Warrants
The 2017 Amendment and Restatement of the Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2017 Equity Compensation Plan”) provides for the issuance of up to 20,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to stock options for the benefit of eligible employees and directors of the Company. Options granted under the 2017 Equity Compensation Plan are either “incentive stock options” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code or options which are not incentive stock options. The stock options are exercisable over a period determined by the Board of Directors (through its Compensation Committee), but generally no longer than 10 years after the date they are granted. As of December 31, 2021, there were 16,437,500 shares available for issuance under the 2017 Equity Compensation Plan.
There were no stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 2,425,000 five-year immediately vested stock options to an officer/director to purchase an aggregate of 2,425,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.12 per share. The stock options had an aggregate grant date fair value of $62,880, which was recognized immediately as stock compensation within general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 100,000 five-year immediately vested stock options to a director to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.2862 per share. The stock options had an aggregate grant date fair value of $1,414, which was recognized immediately as stock compensation within general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020 were valued using the Black Scholes Model, with the following assumptions used:
Schedule of Stock Options Granted Valued Using Black Scholes Model
Expected terms (years) 2.50
Expected volatility 93 %
Risk-free interest rate 0.23 %
Expected dividend 0.00 %
The following table summarizes option activity during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Summary of Option Activity
Weighted Average
Shares Exercise Price
Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2020 3,000,000 $ 0.88
Granted 2,525,000 0.20
Forfeited (725,000 ) 0.88
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2020 4,800,000 $ 0.46
Forfeited (1,175,000 ) 0.89
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021 3,625,000 $ 0.32
As of December 31, 2021, the intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options was $0.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2021:
Summary of Stock Options Outstanding
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
Exercise Price Outstanding Number of Options Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years Exercisable Number of Options
$ 0.12 2,425,000 3.90 2,425,000
$ 0.29 100,000 3.90 100,000
$ 0.67 200,000 1.60 200,000
$ 0.75 550,000 3.90 550,000
$ 0.84 150,000 0.50 150,000
$ 0.88 150,000 2.60 150,000
$ 0.93 50,000 0.40 50,000
3,625,000 3.55 3,625,000
Warrants
During the year ended December 31, 2020, holders of warrants exercised warrants to purchase 7,855,062 shares of common stock at a price of $0.053 per share. In connection with the exercises, the Company received cash proceeds of $418,677 and issued 7,855,062 shares of common stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, holders of warrants exercised warrants to purchase 18,052,966 shares of common stock at a price of $0.053 per share. In connection with the exercises, the Company received cash proceeds of $962,223 and issued 18,052,966 shares of common stock. On August 30, 2021, a total of 68,723,698 of August 2016 warrants expired.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 62,500 three-year immediately vested warrants to board members to purchase an aggregate of 62,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.2862 per share. The warrants had an aggregate grant date fair value of $1,372, which was recognized immediately as stock compensation within general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued 25,000 three-year immediately vested warrants to an advisory board member to purchase an aggregate of 25,000 shares of common stock with exercise price of $0.28620 per share. The warrants had an aggregate grant date fair value of $488, which was recognized immediately within stock compensation in general and administrative expenses.
In applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model to warrants granted, the Company used the following assumptions:
Schedule of Assumptions of Warrants
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Contractual terms (years) 3.00 3.00
Expected volatility 92 % 93%-95 %
Risk-free interest rate 0.35 % .011%-0.18 %
Expected dividend 0.00 % 0.00 %
The following table summarizes warrant activity during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Summary of Warrant Activity
Number of Weighted Average
Warrants Exercise Price
Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2020 126,109,532 $ 0.29
Granted 62,500 0.29
Exercised (7,855,062 ) 0.05
Forfeited (31,052,806 ) 1.06
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2020 87,264,164 $ 0.02
Granted 25,000 0.29
Exercised (18,052,966 ) 0.05
Forfeited (68,723,698 ) 0.05
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021 512,500 $ 0.92
As of December 31, 2021, the intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable warrants was $0.
The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding at December 31, 2021:
Summary of Warrants Outstanding
Warrants Outstanding Warrants Exercisable
Exercise Price Outstanding Number of Warrant Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years Exercisable Number of Warrants
$ 0.29 125,000 1.49 125,000
$ 1.00 18,000 2.39 18,000
$ 1.12 366,000 2.39 366,000
$ 2.00 3,500 2.39 3,500
512,500 2.17 512,500
Holders of the outstanding warrants are not entitled to vote and the exercise prices of such warrants are subject to customary anti-dilution provisions.
11. Income Taxes
The domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes from operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Loss Before Income Taxes
Years ended December 31
Domestic $ (5,454,489 ) $ (6,632,593 )
Foreign (85,053 ) (44,994 )
Net Pre-Tax Loss $ (5,539,542 ) $ (6,677,587 )
The income tax provision (benefit) consists of the following:
Summary of Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
Years ended December 31
Federal:
Current
$ - $ -
Deferred 21.00 % 295,524 221,598
State and local:
Current
- -
Deferred 5.14 % 72,262 54,186
26.14 % 367,786 275,784
Change in valuation allowance
(367,786 ) (275,784 )
Income tax provision (benefit)
$ - $ -
The reconciliations between the statutory federal income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate are as follows:
Schedule of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate
Years Ended December 31
Tax benefit at federal statutory rate (21.0 )% (21.0 )%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit (5.1 )% (5.1 )%
Permanent differences (0.9 )% (0.7 )%
Change in valuation allowance (7.2 )% (4.1 )%
Prior year true-up 2.4 % 23.1 %
Expiration of state net operating loss carryforwards 6.8 % 4.5 %
Expiration of warrants and options 3.6 % 3.5 %
Conversion of accrued interest to preferred stock 21.4 % 0.0 %
Miscellaneous 0.0 % 0.0 %
Effective income tax rate 0.0 % 0.0 %
The components of the Company’s deferred income taxes are summarized below:
Schedule of Components of Deferred Income Taxes
December 31
Deferred Tax Assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 43,453,746 $ 42,779,590
Stock-based compensation 186,772 428,726
Intangible assets 227,397 94,296
Research and development credit carryovers 3,049,608 2,985,215
Contribution carryovers 10,062 10,062
Accrued liabilities 505,038 1,503,190
Gross deferred tax assets 47,432,623 47,801,079
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Intangible assets - -
Prepaid expenses (82,179 ) (82,839 )
Other (40,604 ) (40,603 )
Gross deferred tax liabilities (122,783 ) (123,442 )
Valuation allowance (47,309,840 ) (47,677,637 )
Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance $ - $ -
Change in valuation allowance $ 367,786 $ 275,784
A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is required if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. The Company is in the early stages of development and realization of the deferred tax assets is not considered more likely than not. As a result, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance for the net deferred tax asset.
Since inception of the Company on January 17, 2002, the Company has generated federal, state, and Australian tax net operating losses of approximately $170 million, $150 million, and $139 thousand, respectively. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, federal net operating losses incurred after December 31, 2017 may be carried forward indefinitely. The tax loss carryforwards of the Company may be subject to limitation by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code with respect to the amount utilizable each year. This limitation could reduce the Company’s ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards. Federal net operating losses (“NOLS”) totaling $151.4 million expire in various amounts between 2022 and 2037. Federal NOLS totaling $18.6 million do not expire.
Schedule of Net Operating Loss
Year Year of
Generated Expiration Amount
$ 5,794,541
1,520,649
3,571,227
5,530,815
7,192,407
10,218,952
7,017,372
9,573,948
10,344,298
11,225,047
11,193,882
10,273,181
9,075,738
17,455,417
19,710,699
11,703,175
N/A 6,255,067
N/A 4,085,063
N/A 4,167,397
N/A 4,166,084
Total NOLS
$ 170,074,959
State NOLS totaling $150 million expire in various years between 2022 and 2036.
Year Year of
Generated Expiration Amount
$ 10,318,963
7,106,425
9,680,770
10,440,651
11,362,120
11,311,394
10,381,763
9,278,510
18,547,287
20,166,661
12,131,850
6,455,113
4,211,210
4,234,755
4,166,084
Total NOLS
$ 149,793,556
Australia NOLS totaling $138,540 do not expire.
Year Generated Year of Expiration Amount
N/A $ 861
N/A 54,101
N/A 13,843
N/A 13,384
N/A 56,351
Total NOLS
$ 138,540
The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of Tennessee. The Company intends to permanently reinvest earnings in its foreign subsidiary.
To date, the Company’s operations conducted by its Australian subsidiary consist primarily of research and development activities. As of December 31, 2021, there were no accumulated earnings and profits in the Company’s foreign subsidiary. At current tax rates, no additional Federal income taxes (net of available tax credits) would be payable if such earnings were to be repatriated.
12. Leases
Leases
The Company currently leases 4,500 square feet of corporate office space in Knoxville, Tennessee through an operating lease agreement for a term of five years ending on June 30, 2022. Payments are approximately $6,100 per month.
On August 13, 2021, the Company negotiated a reduced rent from July 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 in the amount of $6,100 per month.
Total expense for operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $86,545, of which, $57,697 was included within research and development and $28,848 was included within general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Total expense for operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $90,821, of which, $60,547 was included within research and development and $30,274 was included within general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no leases that were classified as a financing lease. As of December 31, 2021, the Company did not have additional operating and financing leases that have not yet commenced. 
A summary of the Company’s right-of-use assets and liabilities is as follows:
Schedule of Right-of-use Assets and Liabilities
For The Years Ended
December 31,
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used in operating leases $ 82,678 $ 91,605
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases $ - $ -
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases 0.50 Years 1.50 Years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases 8.0 % 8.0 %
Future minimum payments under non-cancellable lease as of December 31, 2021 were as follows:
Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Non-cancellable Lease
Years Amount
46,687
Total future minimum lease payments 46,687
Less: amount representing imputed interest (1,070 )
Total $ 45,617
13. 401(K) Profit Sharing Plan
The Company maintains a retirement plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which covers all eligible employees. All employees with U.S. source income are eligible to participate in the plan immediately upon employment. There was no contribution made by the Company in 2021 or 2020.
14. Grants
On October 25, 2021, the Company received a grant award of $2,500,000 from the State of Tennessee for the study of animal cancers and dermatological disorders for the period October 15, 2021 to June 30, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, the grant award is recorded as unearned grant revenue liability on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
15. Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation
The Company may, from time to time, be involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business or which may be expected to be covered by insurance. The Company is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation that, if resolved against the Company, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
16. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date and through the date the financial statements were issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed below.
On February 23, 2022, the Company negotiated a continued reduced rent from January 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022 in the amount of $6,100 per month.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures by us are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the period covered by this report based on the criteria for effective internal control described in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on the results of management’s assessment and evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered in this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Even assuming the effectiveness of our controls and procedures, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error or all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. In general, our controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that our control system’s objective will be met, and our principal executive officer and principal financial officer has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
The information called for by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The information called for by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The information called for by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
The information called for by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
The information called for by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
Financial Statements
All financial statements are set forth under Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Financial Statement Schedules
None
Exhibits
Exhibit
No.
Description
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation of Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2017).
3.2
Certificate of Designation for the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 25, 2016).
3.3
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2021).
3.4
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2021).
3.5
Bylaws of Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2014).
4.1
Specimen certificate for the Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-KSB filed with the SEC on April 15, 2003).
4.2
Specimen certificate for the Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-4, Commission File No. 333-208816, filed with the SEC on December 31, 2015).
4.3
Form of Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 18, 2021).
4.4†
Description of Securities.
10.1*
Confidentiality, Inventions and Non-Competition Agreement dated as of November 26, 2002 between the Company and Timothy C. Scott (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-KSB filed with the SEC on April 15, 2003).
10.2*
Confidentiality, Inventions and Non-Competition Agreement dated as of November 26, 2002, between the Company and Eric A. Wachter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-KSB filed with the SEC on April 15, 2003).
10.3
Material Transfer Agreement dated as of July 31, 2003 between Schering-Plough Animal Health Corporation and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on August 14, 2003).
10.4
Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, dated April 30, 2014, by and between Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2014).
10.5
Stipulated Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release, dated June 6, 2014, by and among the Company as nominal defendant, H. Craig Dees, Timothy C. Scott, Eric A. Wachter, Peter R. Culpepper, Stuart Fuchs, Kelly M. McMasters, and Alfred E. Smith, IV, as defendants, and Glenn Kleba and Don B. Dale, as plaintiffs (Exhibits Omitted) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 7, 2014).
10.6
Definitive Financing Commitment Term Sheet dated March 19, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 10, 2017).
10.7
2020 Definitive Financing Term Sheet (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 5, 2020).
10.8
2021 Financing Term Sheet (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 10, 2021).
10.9*
Provectus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2012 Stock Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012).
10.10*
2017 Amendment and Restatement of the Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014 Equity Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 27, 2017).
10.11*
Independent Contractor Agreement, dated April 19, 2017, between the Company and Bruce Horowitz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 20, 2017).
10.12*
Amendment No. 1 to the Independent Contractor Agreement, dated May 9, 2017, between the Company and Bruce Horowitz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2017).
10.13*
Amendment No. 2 to the Independent Contractor Agreement dated April 19, 2017 between the Company and Bruce Horowitz, dated May 8, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed May 9, 2019).
10.14*
Employment Agreement between the Company and Heather Raines, CPA, dated March 25, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2019).
10.15*
Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Eric A. Wachter, Ph.D., dated May 17, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed May 20, 2019).
10.16
Indemnification Agreement between the Company and Dominic Rodrigues, dated April 3, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2017).
10.17
Indemnification Agreement between the Company and Bruce Horowitz, dated April 3, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2017).
10.18
Indemnification Agreement between the Company and Ed Pershing, dated April 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2018).
10.19
Indemnification Agreement between the Company and Jack Lacey, MD, dated April 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on April 24, 2018).
10.20
Indemnification Agreement between the Company and Webster Bailey, effective as of July 20, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2020).
Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2011).
Subsidiaries of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2017).
31.1†
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2†
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32††
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS†
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF†
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
† Filed herewith.
†† Furnished herewith.
* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.