EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1652539
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1652539_10-K_2023_0001062993-23-009243.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
OVERVIEW
The following organization chart sets forth our wholly owned subsidiaries:
General
On February 4, 2019, the Company registered its common stock, having a par value of $.0001 per share, pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and is effective pursuant to General Instruction A.(d).
SusGlobal Energy Corp. ("SusGlobal") was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at 200 Davenport Road. Our telephone number is 416-223-8500. Our website address is www.susglobalenergy.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K are all available, free of charge, on our website as soon as practicable after we file the reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). SusGlobal Energy Corp., a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. ("Commandcredit"), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp.
On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal filed an Application for Authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the "Domestication"). In connection with the Domestication each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the "Shares"). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), SusGlobal continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of SusGlobal and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May, 12, 2017.
SusGlobal is a renewables company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy and regenerative products application.
When the terms "the Company," "we," "us" or "our" are used in this document, those terms refer to SusGlobal Energy Corp., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd., and 1684567 Ontario Inc.
On December 11, 2018, the Company began trading on the OTCQB venture market exchange, under the ticker symbol SNRG.
As the global amount of organic waste continues to grow, a solution for sustainable global management of these wastes is paramount. SusGlobal through its proprietary technology and processes is equipped and confident to deliver this objective. Management believes renewable energy is the energy of the future. Sources of this type of energy are more evenly distributed over the earth's surface than finite energy sources, making it an attractive alternative to petroleum-based energy. Biomass, one of the renewable resources, is derived from organic material such as forestry, food, plant and animal residuals. SusGlobal can therefore help you turn what many consider waste into precious energy and regenerative products. The portfolio will be comprised of three distinct types of technologies: (a) Process Source Separated Organics ("SSO") in anaerobic digesters to divert from landfills and recover biogas. This biogas can be converted to gaseous fuel for industrial processes, electricity to the grid or cleaned for compressed renewable gas. (b) Maximizing the capacity of existing infrastructure (anaerobic digesters) to allow processing of SSO to increase biogas yield. (c) and (c) process SSO and digestate to produce an organic compost or a pathogen free organic liquid fertilizer. The convertibility of organic material into valuable end products such as biogas, liquid biofuels, organic fertilizers and compost shows the utility of renewables. These products can be converted into electricity, fuels and marketed to agricultural operations that are looking for an increase in crop yields, soil amendment and environmentally-sound practices. This practice also diverts these materials from landfills and reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions ("GHG") that result from landfilling organic wastes. The Company can provide peace of mind that the full lifecycle of organic material is achieved, global benefits are realized and stewardship for total sustainability is upheld. It is management's objective to grow SusGlobal into a significant sustainable waste to energy and regenerative products provider, as Leaders in The Circular Economy®.
We believe the products and services offered can benefit both the public and private markets. The following includes some of our work managing organic waste streams: Anaerobic Digestion, Dry Digestion, Wastewater Treatment, In-Vessel Composting, SSO Treatment, Biosolids Heat Treatment, Leachate Management, Composting and Liquid Fertilizers.
The Company can provide a full range of services for handling organic residuals in a period where innovation and sustainability are paramount. From start to finish we offer in-depth knowledge, a wealth of experience and cutting-edge technology for handling organic waste.
The primary focus of the services SusGlobal provides includes integrating our technologies with capital investment to optimizing the processing of SSO. Our processes not only divert significant organic waste from landfills, but also result in methane avoidance, with significant GHG reductions from waste disposal. The processes produce regenerative products through the conversion of organic wastes into organic fertilizer, both dry compost and liquid.
Currently, the primary customers are municipalities in both rural and urban centers in Ontario, Canada. Where necessary, to be in compliance with provincial and local environmental laws and regulations, SusGlobal submits applications to the respective authorities for approval prior to any necessary engineering being carried out.
We are a "smaller reporting company," as defined under SEC Regulation S-K. As such, we also are exempt from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and also are subject to less extensive disclosure requirements regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We will continue to be deemed a smaller reporting company until (i) our public float exceeds $250 million on the last day of our second fiscal quarter in our prior fiscal year (if our annual revenues exceeded $100 million in such prior fiscal year); or (ii) our public float exceeds $700 million on the last day of our second fiscal quarter in our prior fiscal year (if our annual revenues were less than $100 million in such prior fiscal year).
RECENT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTS
On March 28, 2023, the Company and PACE finalized a full and final mutual release of all the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in exchange for an amount of $922,875 (C$1,250,000). The funds are being held in escrow by the Company's Canadian legal counsel. The funds will be released to PACE once the letter of credit, in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831), is released by the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (the "MECP") to PACE. On December 31, 2022, prior to this full and final mutual release, the obligations owing to PACE, included under long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $3,446,586 (C$4,668,273). The Company raised the funds by securing a 2nd mortgage in the amount of $1,107,450 (C$1,500,000) prior to disbursements of $184,575 (C$250,000), on its Belleville, Ontario Canada property.
On September 21, 2022, the Company announced that its wholly owned subsidiary SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SusGlobal Belleville") has generated its first Verified Emission Reductions and Removals ("VERRs") and sold its first carbon credits as part of the Anew™ SusGlobal Belleville Composting Offset Project in Ontario (the "Project"). The Project generated approximately 105,000 VERRS (generated from 2017 through 2021) with an approximate market value of between CA$5.00 (US$3.65) and CA$10.00 (US$7.30) per VERR. The Project report was submitted to the GHG CleanProjects® Registry, a business unit of the Standards Division of the Canadian Standards Association ("CSA"). The Project is part of the Offset Development and Marketing Agreement with Anew Canada ULC (formerly known as Blue Source Canada ULC) ("Anew Canada") for developed and marketed greenhouse gas ("GHG") offset credits from the Company's 49-acre Organic & Non-Hazardous Waste Processing & Composting Facility in Belleville, Ontario.
The Project has enabled an increase in the diversion of organic waste from landfills, thereby avoiding methane generation. Methane is a highly potent greenhouse gas which is 28 times more effective at trapping heat energy in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide. As organic wastes decompose in landfills, the methane builds up and must be released to prevent dangerous working conditions. By diverting waste that contributes to this problem, the Project benefits the community as well as the climate.
This initial sale of carbon credits expands the Company's ability to deliver on its mission to reduce organic wastes from wood, leaf and yard material, treated municipal sewage waste (biosolids), residential curbside green bin material or SSO and paper sludge otherwise destined for landfills.
New and Renewed Consulting Contracts
The Company entered into an Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement (the "CEO's Consulting Agreement"), by and among the Company, Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), and the CEO, who is also a director, the Executive Chairman and President of the Company, effective January 1, 2023 (the "Effective Date"). The CEO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.
Pursuant to the terms of the CEO's Consulting Agreement, for his services as the CEO, the compensation is at a rate of $29,532 (C$40,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning on the Effective Date, and at a rate of $36,915 (C$50,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning January 1, 2024. In addition, the Company agreed to grant the CEO 3,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") on the Effective Date. This common stock was issued on January 3, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CEO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CEO.
The CEO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twenty-four (24) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CEO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CEO will be entitled to a compensation of twelve (12) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.
The Company also entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement (the "CFO Consulting Agreement"), by and between the Company and the CFO of the Company, effective January 1, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the CFO Consulting Agreement, the CFO is entitled to fees of $9,229 (C$12,500) per month for twelve (12). In addition, the Company has also agreed to grant the CFO 100,000 restricted shares of the Company's common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share on the Effective Date. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CFO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO. This common stock was issued on January 3, 2023. The CFO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.
The CFO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twelve (12) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CFO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CFO will be entitled to a compensation of two (2) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.
Financings
(a) Securities Purchase Agreements
On December 31, 2022, the Company had and currently has 5 security purchase agreements outstanding with 4 investors. The outstanding principal balance at December 31, 2022 of the convertible promissory notes was $5,825,260 with a fair value of $7,796,433. At the time of this filing, the outstanding principal balance was $5,632,160 after 4 conversions on one of the investor notes, in total $193,100 for 1,424,465 common shares of the Company, subsequent to December 31, 2022.
Please refer to the consolidated financial statements, convertible promissory notes, note 12 and fair value measurement, note 13 for details on the convertible promissory notes.
(b) PACE
On February 18, 2021, PACE Savings and Credit Union Limited ("PACE") and the Company reached a new agreement to repay all amounts owing to PACE on or before July 30, 2021. Management was not able to meet the July 30, 2021 deadline. On August 13, 2021, PACE agreed to allow the Company until August 31, 2021 to bring the arrears current and continue to September 2022, the original maturity date. Management was not able to meet the August 31, 2021 deadline. On November 15, 2021, the Company paid all arrears to PACE and PACE agreed to allow the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Similarly, the Company paid all arrears to PACE on March 15, 2022 and PACE allowed the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Management continues discussions with equity investors to repay its other creditors and is in discussions with PACE to settle its overdue obligations. See above, under Recent Developments for details of a full and final mutual release of all obligations to PACE, including accrued interest, for a final payment of $922,875 (C$1,250,000).
Details of each of the remaining credit facilities and corporate term loan are as follows:
(i) The credit facility bears interest at the PACE base rate of 11.00% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $6,470 (C$8,764) and matured on September 2, 2022. The first and only advance on this credit facility received on February 2, 2017, in the amount of $1,181,280 (C$1,600,000), is secured by a business loan general security agreement, a $1,181,280 (C$1,600,000) personal guarantee from the CEO and a charge against the Haute leased premises. Also pledged as security are the shares of the wholly-owned subsidiaries, and a limited recourse guarantee against each of these parties. The pledged shares were delivered by PACE and are currently held as security for the personal guarantee from the CEO and charge against the Haute leased premises.
(ii) The credit facility advanced on June 15, 2017, in the amount of $442,980 (C$600,000), bears interest at the PACE base of 11.00% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $3,618 (C$4,901), and matured on September 2, 2022. The credit facility is secured by a variable rate business loan agreement on the same terms, conditions and security as noted above.
(iii) The corporate term loan advanced on September 13, 2017, in the amount of $2,749,538 (C$3,724,147), bears interest at the PACE base rate of 11.00% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $21,936 (C$29,711), and matured September 13, 2022. The corporate term loan is secured by a business loan general security agreement representing a floating charge over the assets and undertakings of the Company, a first priority charge under a registered debenture and a lien registered under the Personal Property Security Act in the amount of $2,953,922 (C$4,000,978) against the assets including inventory, accounts receivable and equipment. The corporate term loan also included an assignment of existing contracts included in the asset purchase agreement (the "APA").
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $357,038 (C$464,168) (2021-$318,714; C$399,391), in interest was incurred on the PACE long-term debt. As at December 31, 2022, $288,407 (C$390,636) (2021-$43,233; C$54,808) in accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
(c) First Mortgages
i.) The Company obtained a 1st mortgage provided by private lenders to finance the acquisition of the shares of 1684567 and to provide funds for additional financing needs, including additional lands, received in four tranches totaling $3,839,160 (C$5,200,000) (December 31, 2021-$4,101,760; C$5,200,000). The fourth tranche was received on August 13, 2021 in the amount of $1,402,277 (C$1,900,000) and a portion of this fourth tranche, $1,368,759 (C$1,853,933), was used to fund a portion of the purchase of the Hamilton Property. The 1st mortgage is repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum (currently 12.50%) and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2023. The private lenders continue to charge 12.5% per annum. The 1st mortgage payable is secured by the shares held of 1684567, a 1st mortgage on the premises located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada and a general assignment of rents. Financing fees on the 1st mortgage totaled $374,627 (C$507,419). As at December 31, 2022 $31,555 (C$42,740) (December 31, 2021-$33,713; C$42,740) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2022 there is $56,409 (C$76,404) (December 31, 2021-$90,794; C$115,104) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets.
ii.) On August 17, 2021, the Company obtained a vendor take-back 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,476,600 (C$2,000,000), on the purchase of the Hamilton Property. This 1st mortgage bears interest at an annual rate of 2% per annum, repayable monthly interest only with a maturity date of August 17, 2023, secured by the assets on the Hamilton Property.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $430,772 (C$560,026) (2021-$319,062; C$399,827) in interest was incurred on the 1st mortgages payable.
(d) Canada Emergency Business Account (the "CEBA")
As a result of the COVID-19 virus, the Government of Canada launched the CEBA, a program to ensure that small businesses have access to the capital they need to see them through the current challenges and better position them to quickly return to providing services to their communities and creating employment. The program is administered by Canadian chartered banks and credit unions.
On April 27, 2020, the Company received a total of $59,064 (C$80,000) and on December 17, 2020 a further $14,766 (C$20,000) under this program, from its Canadian chartered bank.
Under the initial term date of the loans, which is detailed in the CEBA term loan agreements, the amounts are due on December 31, 2022 and are interest-free. If the loans are not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company can make payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025.
The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by December 31, 2023, 33.33% ($24,610; C$33,333), previously 25%, of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period are unchanged.
The CEBA term loan agreements contain a number of positive and negative covenants, for which the Company is not in full compliance.
(e) Financings Related to Obligations Under Capital Lease
The Company entered into three obligations under capital lease relating to machinery and equipment at their waste management and organic composting facility. The first lease, (i) below, was fully repaid in November 2021.
(i) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility at a cost of $211,634 (C$286,650), was payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $4,312 (C$5,840), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of $21,115 (C$28,600), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on October 31, 2021. The lease agreement bore interest at the rate of 5.982% annually, compounded monthly and was due September 30, 2021. The final payment was made on November 5, 2021.
(ii) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic composting facility at a cost of $182,692 (C$247,450), was payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $3,779 (C$5,118), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of forty-six months plus the first two monthly blended installments of $7,383 (C$10,000) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of $ 18,221 (C$24,680) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2022. The leasing agreement bore interest at the rate of 6.15% annually, compounded monthly and was due January 27, 2022. The final payment was made on June 7, 2022.
(iii) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility at a cost of $287,679 (C$389,650), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $5,059 (C$6,852), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of fifty-nine months plus an initial deposit of $14,360 (C$19,450) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $74 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 3.59% annually, compounded monthly, due January 27, 2025.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $4,762 (C$6,191) (2021-$13,426; C$16,825) in interest was incurred.
(f) Other
On April 8, 2021, the Company took delivery of a truck and hauling trailer for a total purchase price of $161,199 (C$218,338) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes. The purchase was financed by a bank term loan of $147,660 (C$200,000), over a forty-eight-month term, bearing interest at 4.95% per annum with monthly blended instalments of principal and interest payments of $3,618 (C$4,901) due April 7, 2025.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $5,500 (C$7,150) (2021-$5,355; C$6,711) in interest was incurred.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company raised $907,760 (2021-$292,866 net of share issue cost of $10,620), in a private placement on the issuance of 4,444,041 (2021-1,195,348) common shares of the Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $nil (C$nil) (2021- $371,001; C$461,620) of loans provided during the year and $33,371 (C$45,200) (2021-$80,323; C$101,700) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 193,778 (2021-1,726,076) common shares. For the year ended December 31, 2022, $nil (C$nil) (2021-$264; C$331) of interest was incurred on loans from the CFO which were repaid during the year.
Treatment of Organic Waste and Septage
On February 28, 2019, the Company announced that it had received the project completion report titled: Development Optimization and Validation of an Innovative Integrated Anaerobic Thermophilic Digester Treatment of Organic Waste and Septage. The report was written by a research team at Fleming College's Centre for Advancement of Water and Wastewater Technologies, located in Lindsay, Ontario, Canada. The collaborative project was supported by the Advancing Water Technologies Program (the "AWT Program") of Southern Ontario Water Consortium. The project focused on the development of a new and innovative technology for handling and processing organic residuals. This new technology utilizes the anaerobic mesophilic digestion process coupled with thermophilic digestion to maximize biogas yields and produce organic fertilizer through optimal operations.
The Company signed an Offset Development and Marketing Agreement (the "Agreement") with Blue Source Canada ULC ("Bluesource") to develop and market greenhouse gas offset credits from the Company's 49-acre Organic & Non-Hazardous Waste Processing & Composting Facility in Belleville, Ontario, in order for the Company to monetize and realize benefits from its voluntary activities.
On September 21, 2022, the Company announced that its wholly owned subsidiary SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SusGlobal Belleville") has generated its first Verified Emission Reductions and Removals ("VERRs") and sold its first carbon credits as part of the Anew™ SusGlobal Belleville Composting Offset Project in Ontario (the "Project"). The Project generated approximately 105,000 VERRS (generated from 2017 through 2021) with an approximate market value of between $3.70 (C$5.00) and $7.38 (C$10.00) per VERR. The Project report was submitted to the GHG CleanProjects® Registry, a business unit of the Standards Division of the Canadian Standards Association ("CSA"). The Project is part of the Offset Development and Marketing Agreement with Anew Canada ULC (formerly known as Blue Source Canada ULC) ("Anew Canada") for developed and marketed greenhouse gas ("GHG") offset credits from the Company's 49-acre Organic & Non-Hazardous Waste Processing & Composting Facility in Belleville, Ontario.
The Project has enabled an increase in the diversion of organic waste from landfills, thereby avoiding methane generation. Methane is a highly potent greenhouse gas which is 28 times more effective at trapping heat energy in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide. As organic wastes decompose in landfills, the methane builds up and must be released to prevent dangerous working conditions. By diverting waste that contributes to this problem, the Project benefits the community as well as the climate.
The Company has begun providing details to Anew Canada to generate additional VERRs for 2022.
Operations
The Company owns Environmental Compliance Approvals (the "ECAs") issued by the MECP from the Province of Ontario, in place to accept up to 70,000 metric tonnes ("MT") of waste annually from the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and from New York state, and to operate a waste transfer station with the capacity to process up to an additional 50,000 MT of waste annually. Once built, the location of the waste transfer station will be alongside the Organic and Non-Hazardous Waste Processing and Composting Facility which is currently operating in Belleville, Ontario, Canada.
Waste Transfer Station- Access to the waste transfer station is critical to haulers who collect waste in areas not in close proximity to disposal facilities where such disposal continues to be permitted. Tipping fees charged to third parties at waste transfer stations are usually based on the type and volume or weight of the waste deposited at the waste transfer station, the distance to the disposal site, market rates for disposal costs and other general market factors.
Organic Composting Facility- As noted above, the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility, located in Belleville, Ontario Canada, has ECAs in place to accept up to 70,000 MT of waste annually and is currently in operation. Certain assets of the organic waste processing and composting facility, including the ECAs for the waste transfer station (not yet built), were acquired by the Company on September 15, 2017, from the Receiver for Astoria, under the APA. The Company charges tipping fees for the waste accepted at the organic waste composting facility based on arrangements in place with the customers and the type of waste accepted. Typical waste accepted includes, SSO, leaf and yard, food, liquid, paper sludge and biosolids. During the year ended December 31, 2022, tipping fees ranged from $53 (C$69) to $122 (C$159) per MT.
The Company owns a 40,535 square foot facility on 3.26 acres in Hamilton, Ontario (the "Hamilton Facility"), which includes an Environmental Compliance Approval to process 65,884 MT per annum of organic waste, 24 hours per day 7 days a week. The facility will be designed to produce, distribute and warehouse the Company's SusGro™ organic liquid fertilizer and other products that are to be provided under private label and to be sold through big box retailers, consumer lawn and garden suppliers, and for end use to the wine, cannabis and agriculture industries. With the addition of a further 11,000 square feet of office space and R&D labs, the Hamilton facility will also house the continued development of SusGlobal's proprietary formulations and branded liquid and dry organic fertilizers.
Market Opportunity
Industry Overview
Sustainable solutions to processing organic waste streams and diverting them from landfills to reduce GHG provides an opportunity for the infrastructure which SusGlobal operates with the ECA's attached to the Company's facilities. As more governments legislate and mandate that no organic wastes are to be landfilled as part of a climate change initiative SusGlobal is able to process these waste streams and produce regenerative products as part of the Company's Circular Economy initiative.
Industry Trends
The organic fertilizer market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate. The major drivers for this market are increasing consumption of organic food and products such as cannabis, wine and favorable government rules and regulations. SusGlobal produces a dry organic compost currently and expects to produce an organic liquid pathogen-free fertilizer in its Hamilton Facility to meet the growing demand in this market.
Operating Businesses and Revenue
The Company has five wholly-owned and active subsidiaries: SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd., SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd. and 1684567 Ontario Inc. The Company currently has five full time employees and two independent contractors. Of the five full time employees, three were employed in management and administrative positions, and the balance in operations. The two independent contractors provide services in management positions. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.
We operate the following businesses:
• Environmental Compliance Approvals: The Company owns the Environmental Compliance Approvals (the "ECAs") issued by the MECP from the Province of Ontario, in place to accept up to 70,000 MT of waste annually from the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and from New York state, and to operate a waste transfer station with the capacity to process up to an additional 50,000 MT of waste annually. Once built, the location of the waste transfer station will be alongside the organic waste processing and composting facility which is currently operating in Belleville, Ontario, Canada. The Company owns the Environmental Compliance Approvals (the "ECAs") issued by the MECP from the Province of Ontario, in place to accept up to 65,884 MT of waste annually from the province of Ontario at the newly acquired facility located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
• Waste Transfer Station: Access to the waste transfer station is critical to haulers who collect waste in areas not in close proximity to disposal facilities where such disposal continues to be permitted. Tipping fees charged to third parties at waste transfer stations are usually based on the type and volume or weight of the waste deposited at the waste transfer station, the distance to the disposal site, market rates for disposal costs and other general market factors.
• Organic Composting Facility: As noted above, the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility, located in Belleville, Ontario Canada, has ECAs in place to accept up to 70,000 MT of waste annually and is currently in operation. Certain assets of the organic waste processing and composting facility, including the ECAs for the waste transfer station (not yet built), were acquired by the Company on September 15, 2017, from the Receiver for Astoria, under an APA. The Company charges tipping fees for the waste accepted at the organic waste composting facility based on arrangements in place with the customers and the type of waste accepted. Typical waste accepted includes, SSO, leaf and yard, food, liquid, paper sludge and biosolids. As noted above, once operations commence, anticipated to be early 2024, in the newly acquired Hamilton Facility (purchased on August 17, 2021) and located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, it will have the capacity to process 65,884 MT of waste annually to produce an organic liquid fertilizer.
We generate revenue from the following activities:
• Tipping fees paid by municipalities and haulers from green bin programs of SSO and other non-hazardous waste,
• the sale of the regenerative products such as organic dry compost and in the future organic liquid fertilizer at our Hamilton Facility with solution-specific brands sold to consumer markets, agriculture, wine and the cannabis industry; and
• the sale of carbon credits generated by our facilities.
The direct costs of our revenue consist primarily of employee costs, utilities, various equipment and automotive related expenses, landfilling costs and depreciation.
Our Strengths
SusGlobal has the expertise, proprietary processes, technologies, the environmental compliance approvals and permits to operate and process high volumes of organic waste streams to produce proprietary regenerative products and sell in a high demand market.
Our Growth Strategy
SusGlobal owns 2 processing and production properties, one of which is under renovation, as part of a regional model and strategy which the Company expects will be exported to other municipalities in North America and globally. The processing facilities, one of which is under renovation, have production lines, warehouses, research and development and offices. The Company will continue to acquire, develop and monetize proprietary technologies and processes in the waste to regenerative products globally, focusing on implementing a robust intellectual property strategy. The Company will invest in research and development to bring more products to market and increase revenue and cash flow by increasing output, higher production speeds and overall efficiency of all segments of our business.
Sales and Marketing Strategy
The Company contacts major organic waste generators such as municipalities, commercial and industrial organic waste sources and bids for municipal and commercial contracts. The Company is expected to employ a sales team to market its products to the various agriculture, wine and cannabis industries and lawn and garden consumer market for its organic fertilizer products.
Competition
Many of our current and potential competitors are well established and have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial and operational resources, and name recognition than we have. Although some of our competitors have been in business for over 100 years, we believe that with our diverse product line, current and expected, better efficiencies resulting in lower wholesale cost of sales, we have the ability to obtain a large market share and continue to generate sales growth and compete in the industry. The principal competitive factors in all our product markets are technical features, quality, availability, price, customer support, and distribution coverage. The relative importance of each of these factors varies depending on the region. We believe using our expected direct store distribution model nationwide will open significant opportunities for growth.
The markets in which we operate currently and, in the future, can be generally categorized as highly competitive. In order to maximize our competitive advantages, we expect to continue to expand our product portfolio to capitalize on market trends, changes in technology and new product releases.
Intellectual Property
The protection of our intellectual property is an essential aspect of our business. We own our domain names and trademarks relating to our website's design and content, including our brand name and various logos and slogans. We rely upon a combination of trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, confidentiality procedures, contractual commitments, and other legal rights to establish and protect our intellectual property. We generally enter into confidentiality agreements and invention or work product assignment agreements with our employees and consultants to control access to and clarify ownership of our software, documentation, and other proprietary information.
As of the date of this filing, we held 4 registered trademarks in the United States. Trademarks include the terms SUSGLOBAL®, CARING FOR EARTH'S JOURNEY®, EARTH'S JOURNEY®, LEADERS IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY®. Our SUSGRO trademark application has been opposed by The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (NYSE: SMG).
Seasonal Trends
Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to waste volumes resulting from higher construction and demolition waste volumes and the availability of leaf and yard waste along with any contracts involving the grinding of leaf and yard waste. In addition, revenue from the sale of organic compost would be higher beginning in late spring and tapering off in the fall.
Employees
As noted above, we currently have five full time employees (five on December 31, 2022), and two independent contractors. Of the five full time employees, three were employed in management and administrative positions, and the balance in operations. The two independent contractors provide services in management positions. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Financial Assurance and Insurance Obligations
Financial Assurance
Municipal and governmental waste service contracts generally require contracting parties to demonstrate financial responsibility for their obligations under the contract. Financial assurance is also a requirement for (i) obtaining or retaining disposal site or waste transfer station operating permits; and (ii) estimated post-closure and environmental remedial obligations at our operations. We have established financial assurance using letters of credit and/or deposits with the municipalities. The type of assurance used is based on several factors, most importantly: the jurisdiction, contractual requirements, market factors and availability of credit capacity.
As of the date of this filing, a letter of credit in favor of the MECP is supported by our credit facility with PACE and will be in force no later than September 30, 2023. As required by the MECP, on a tri-annual basis, the financial assurance is reviewed and updated. The financial assurance requested by the MECP was updated to $470,767 (C$637,637). The Company will replace the existing letter of credit provided by PACE well in advance of September 30, 2023 and anticipates this to be provided by its Canadian chartered bank.
Insurance
We carry a broad range of insurance coverages, including general liability, automobile liability, workers' compensation, real and personal property, directors' and officers' liability, environmental and pollution legal liability and other coverages we believe are customary to the industry. Our exposure to loss for insurance claims is generally limited to the per-incident deductible under the related insurance policy. We do not expect the impact of any known casualty, property, environmental or other contingency to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we have self-insured certain coverages.
Regulation
Our business is subject to extensive and evolving federal, provincial and local environmental, health, safety and transportation laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are administered by the MECP, Environment Canada, and various other federal, provincial and local environmental, zoning, transportation, land use, health and safety agencies in Canada. Many of these agencies regularly examine our operations to monitor compliance with these laws and regulations and have the power to enforce compliance, obtain injunctions or impose civil or criminal penalties in case of non-compliance. On November 5, 2020, the MECP conducted two audits for two of our ECAs. The MECPs comments were received late December 2020. The audits resulted in the Company taking corrective action regarding sampling, testing and commenced the removal of exceeding waste from the site, commencing in 2021. The Company has completed some of the corrective action and communicates regularly with the MECP and will continue with the remaining corrective action through 2023. As at December 31, 2022, The Company has accrued the estimated costs totaling $667,635 (C$904,287) in connection with the corrective action.
An offence notice for exceeding odor units was filed by the MECP on the Company. A proceeding was held remotely on March 21, 2022, at a Provincial Offence Court and was adjourned to April 11, 2022, to address and accept a Crown resolution offer of fines assessed by the MECP, in the amount of $96,906 (C$131,255). On May 16, 2022 the Company agreed to accept the Crown resolution offer and fine in the amount of $96,906 (C$131,255).
Since the primary mission of our business is to manage solid and liquid waste hauled to our organic waste processing and composting facility in an environmentally sound manner, our capital expenditures are related, either directly or indirectly, to environmental protection measures, including compliance with federal, provincial and local rules. There are costs associated with siting, design, permitting, operations, monitoring, site maintenance, corrective actions, financial assurance, and facility closure and post-closure obligations. With acquisition, development or expansion of a waste management or waste transfer station, we must often spend considerable time, effort and money to obtain or maintain required permits and approvals. There are no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain required governmental approvals. Once obtained, operating permits are subject to renewal, modification, suspension or revocation by the issuing agency. Compliance with current regulations and future requirements could require us to make significant capital and operating expenditures. However, most of these expenditures are made in the normal course of business and do not place us at any competitive disadvantage.
The primary Provincial statutes affecting our business are summarized below:
Provincial and Local Regulations
Various provincial and local regulations affect our operations. The Province of Ontario has its own laws and regulations governing solid waste disposal, water and air pollution, and, in most cases, releases and cleanup of hazardous substances and liabilities for such matters. The Province of Ontario has also adopted regulations governing the design, operation, maintenance and closure of waste transfer stations. Some regions, municipalities and other local governments in Ontario have adopted similar laws and regulations. Our facilities and operations are likely to be subject to these types of requirements.
Our operations are affected by the increasing preference for alternatives to landfill disposal. Many regional and local governments in Ontario mandate recycling and waste reduction at the source and prohibit the disposal of certain types of waste, such as yard waste, food waste and electronics at landfills. The number of regional and local governments in Ontario with recycling requirements and disposal bans continues to grow, while the logistics and economics of recycling the items remain challenging. In addition, Ontario has imposed timelines for the ban of organics from landfills in the province in an effort to totally divert these wastes from landfills. This will provide opportunities for the expansion of facilities like ours. This had already occurred in the province of Quebec and in the United States of America (the "USA"), where various states have enacted, or are considering enacting, laws that restrict the disposal within the state of solid waste generated outside the state. While laws that overtly discriminate against out-of-state waste have been found to be unconstitutional, some laws that are less overtly discriminatory have been upheld in court. From time to time, the United States Congress has considered legislation authorizing states to adopt regulations, restrictions, or taxes on the importation of out-of-state or out-of-jurisdiction waste. Additionally, several state and local governments have enacted "flow control" regulations, which attempt to require that all waste generated within the state or local jurisdiction be deposited at specific sites. In 1994, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a flow control ordinance that gave preference to a local facility that was privately owned was unconstitutional, but in 2007, the Court ruled that an ordinance directing waste to a facility owned by the local government was constitutional. The United States Congress' adoption of legislation allowing restrictions on interstate transportation of out-of-state or out-of-jurisdiction waste or certain types of flow control, or courts' interpretations of interstate waste and flow control legislation, could adversely affect our solid and hazardous waste management services.
Federal, Provincial and Local Climate Change Initiatives
Considering regulatory and business developments related to concerns about climate change, we have identified a strategic business opportunity to provide our public and private sector customers with sustainable solutions to reduce their Greenhouse Gas ("GHG") emissions. As part of our on-going marketing evaluations, we assess customer demand for and opportunities to develop waste services offering verifiable carbon reductions, such as waste reduction, increased recycling, and conversion of biogas and discarded materials into electricity and fuel. We use carbon life cycle tools in evaluating potential new services and in establishing the value proposition that makes us attractive as an environmental service provider. We are active in support of public policies that encourage development and use of lower carbon energy and waste services that lower users' carbon footprints. We understand the importance of broad stakeholder engagement in these endeavors, and actively seek opportunities for public policy discussion on more sustainable materials management practices. In addition, we work with stakeholders at the federal and provincial level in support of legislation that encourages production and use of renewable, low-carbon fuels and electricity. Despite the past U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accords, we have seen no reduction in customer demand for services aligned with their GHG reduction goals and strategies. Ontario is part of the WCI led by the state of California and, if anything, California has doubled down on their GHG reduction goals. The states of Oregon and Washington are also considering joining the WCI that currently includes, amongst other states and provinces, California, Ontario and Quebec as members.
We continue to assess the physical risks to company operations from the effects of severe weather events and use risk mitigation planning to increase our resiliency in the face of such events. We are investing in infrastructure to withstand more severe storm events, which may afford us a competitive advantage and reinforce our reputation as a reliable service provider through continued service in the aftermath of such events.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
To keep our stockholders and the public informed about our business, we may make "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements usually relate to future events and anticipated revenues, earnings, cash flows or other aspects of our operations or operating results. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the words, "will," "may," "should," "continue," "anticipate," "believe," "expect," "plan," "forecast," "project," "estimate," "intend" and words of a similar nature and generally include statements containing:
• projections about accounting and finances;
• plans and objectives for the future;
• projections or estimates about assumptions relating to our performance; or
• our opinions, views or beliefs about the effects of current or future events, circumstances or performance.
You should view these statements with caution. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, circumstances or events. They are based on facts and circumstances known to us as of the date the statements are made. All aspects of our business are subject to uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which we do not control. Any of these factors, either alone or taken together, could have a material adverse effect on us and could change whether any forward-looking statement ultimately turns out to be true. Additionally, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of future events, circumstances or developments. The following discussion should be read together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto. Outlined below are some of the risks that we believe could affect our business and financial statements for 2023 and beyond and that could cause actual results to be materially different from those that may be set forth in forward-looking statements made by the Company.
Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk, including the risks described below. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer as a result of these risks, and the trading price of our shares could decline, perhaps significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See the section entitled "Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
The COVID-19 Outbreak May Adversely Affect Our Business Operations and Financial Condition
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic which has resulted in substantial global economic disruption and uncertainty. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the measures implemented by various authorities have caused us to change the Company's business practices, including those related to where employees work, the distance between employees in the Company's facilities, limitations on in-person meetings between employees and with customers, suppliers, service providers and stakeholders, as well as restrictions on business travel to domestic and international locations.
The Company is fortunate that its operations were not forced to close as we're considered an essential service. To date, there has been no material impact on the Company's workforce, operations, financial performance, liquidity, or supply chain as a result of COVID-19. However, the extent and possible continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business will depend on certain developments including the duration and spread of the outbreak and new variant strains of the virus; the availability and distribution of effective vaccines; the severity of the economic decline attributable to the pandemic and timing, nature and sustainability of economic recovery; and government responses, including vaccination or testing mandates, all of which are highly uncertain and unpredictable.
The Company will continue to monitor health orders issued by applicable governments to ensure compliance with evolving domestic and global COVID-19 guidelines.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We may experience claims that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may cause us to incur unexpected costs or prevent us from selling our products.
We seek to improve our business processes and develop new products and applications. Many of our competitors have a substantial amount of intellectual property that we must continually monitor to avoid infringement. We cannot guarantee that we will not experience claims that our processes and products infringe issued patents (whether present or future) or other intellectual property rights belonging to others. If we are sued for infringement and lose, we could be required to pay substantial damages or be enjoined from using or selling the infringing products or technology. Further, intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming, regardless of the merits of any claim, and could divert our management's attention from operating our business.
Our relationship with our employees could deteriorate, and certain key employees could leave the Company, which could adversely affect our business and our results of operations.
Our business involves complex operations and therefore demands a management team and employee workforce that is knowledgeable and expert in many areas necessary for our operations. We rely on our ability to attract and retain skilled employees, including our specialized research and development and sales and service personnel, to maintain our efficient production. The departure of a significant number of our highly skilled employees or of one or more employees who hold key management positions could have an adverse impact on our operations, including as a result of customers choosing to follow a regional manager to one of our competitors.
We face intense competition, and our failure to compete successfully may have an adverse effect on our net sales, gross profit and financial condition.
Our industry is highly competitive. Many of our competitors may have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to promoting and selling certain products.
If we do not compete successfully by developing and deploying new cost-effective products, processes and technologies on a timely basis and by adapting to changes in our industry and the global economy, our net sales, gross profit and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and other similar anti-corruption laws, could subject us to penalties and damage our reputation.
We are subject to the FCPA, which generally prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment and requires companies to maintain certain policies and procedures. Certain of the jurisdictions in which we conduct business may be at a heightened risk for corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by their strategic or local partners or representatives. If we, or our intermediaries, fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA, or similar laws of other countries, governmental authorities in the United States or elsewhere, as applicable, could seek to impose civil and/or criminal penalties, which could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are not insured against all potential risks.
To the extent available, we maintain insurance coverage that we believe is customary in our industry. Such insurance does not, however, provide coverage for all liabilities, including certain hazards incidental to our business, and we cannot assure you that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover claims that may arise or that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance at rates we consider reasonable.
We may not be able to consummate future acquisitions or successfully integrate acquisitions into our business, which could result in unanticipated expenses and losses.
Part of our strategy is to grow through acquisitions. Consummating acquisitions of related businesses, or our failure to integrate such businesses successfully into our existing businesses, could result in unanticipated expenses and losses. Furthermore, we may not be able to realize any of the anticipated benefits from the acquisitions.
In connection with potential future acquisitions, the process of integrating acquired operations into our existing operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and may require significant financial resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development or expansion of existing operations. Some of the risks associated with acquisitions include:
• unexpected losses of key employees or customers of the acquired company;
• conforming the acquired company's standards, processes, procedures and controls with our operations;
• coordinating new product and process development;
• hiring additional management and other critical personnel;
• negotiating with labor unions; and
• increasing the scope, geographic diversity and complexity of our operations.
In addition, we may encounter unforeseen obstacles or costs in the integration of businesses we may acquire. Also, the presence of one or more material liabilities of an acquired company that are unknown to us at the time of acquisition may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Business disruptions could seriously harm revenues and increase our costs and expenses.
Our operations could be subject to extraordinary events, including natural disasters, political disruptions, terrorist attacks, acts of war and other business disruptions, which could seriously harm our net sales and increase our costs and expenses. These blackouts, floods and storms could cause disruptions to our operations or the operations of our suppliers, distributors, resellers or customers. Similar losses and interruptions could also be caused by earthquakes, telecommunications failures, water shortages, tsunamis, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics and other natural or manmade disasters for which we are predominantly self-insured.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
An active trading market may not result for our common stock.
On December 11, 2018, our common stock commenced quotation on the OTCQB Market, under the symbol, SNRG. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of an active trading market or how liquid that market might become. An active public market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained. If an active public market does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock at a price that is attractive to you, or at all.
We have a history of net losses and we expect to incur additional losses.
In each year since our inception, we have incurred losses and have generated in total, since inception, only $5,521,371 in revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, net losses attributable to common stockholders aggregated $12,010,548 (2021-$4,865,855) and, at December 31, 2022, the Company's accumulated deficit was $30,345,197 (2021-$18,334,649). We expect to incur further losses in the development of our business. We cannot assure you that we can achieve profitable operations in any future period.
Our independent registered public accounting firms' reports contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.
Although our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern, our current independent registered public accounting firm, and our former independent registered public accounting firm, in each of their report accompanying our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively, expressed substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern as of December 31, 2022 and as at December 31, 2021, as a result of our operating losses since inception, because the Company expects to incur further losses in the development of its business and the Company's ability to settle its current liabilities owing to service providers and creditors. The inclusion of a going concern explanatory paragraph may make it more difficult for us to secure additional financing or enter into strategic relationships on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and may materially and adversely affect the terms of any financing that we may obtain.
We have no intention of declaring dividends in the foreseeable future.
The decision to pay cash dividends on our common stock rests with our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, unencumbered cash, capital requirements and financial condition. We do not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future, as we intend to use any excess cash to fund our operations. Investors in our common stock should not expect to receive dividend income on their investment in the foreseeable future.
We may issue preferred stock in the future, and the terms of the preferred stock may reduce the value of our common stock.
Under the certificate of incorporation of the Company, our Board of Directors are authorized to create and issue one or more additional series of preferred stock, and, with respect to each series, to determine number of shares constituting the series and the designations and the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, which may include dividend rights, conversion or exchange rights, voting rights, redemption rights and terms and liquidation preferences, without stockholder approval. If we create and issue one or more additional series of preferred stock, it could affect your rights or reduce the value of our outstanding common stock. Our Board of Directors could, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock and which could have certain anti-takeover effects.
Special Meetings of our Stockholders may only be called by our Board of Directors or our CEO and as such, our stockholders do not have the ability to call a meeting.
Under our bylaws only our Board of Directors or CEO may call a special meeting of shareholders and as such, your ability to participate and take certain corporate actions like amending the Company's certificate of incorporation or electing directors is limited.
We may be exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management will be required to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm may in the future be required to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Although we prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"), our internal accounting controls may not meet all standards applicable to companies with publicly traded securities. If we fail to implement any required improvements to our disclosure controls and procedures, we may be obligated to report control deficiencies and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. In either case, we could become subject to regulatory sanction or investigation. Further, these outcomes could damage investor confidence in the accuracy and reliability of our financial statements.
If our internal controls and accounting processes are insufficient, we may not detect in a timely manner misstatement that could occur in our financial statements in amounts that could be material.
As a public company, we will have to devote substantial efforts to the reporting obligations and internal controls required of a public company, which will result in substantial costs. A failure to properly meet these obligations could cause investors to lose confidence in us and have a negative impact on the market price of our shares. We expect to devote significant resources to the documentation, testing and continued improvement of our operational and financial systems for the foreseeable future. These improvements and efforts with respect to our accounting processes that we will need to continue to make may not be sufficient to ensure that we maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Any failure to implement required, new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations in the USA or result in misstatements in our financial statements in amounts that could be material. Insufficient internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our shares and may expose us to litigation risk.
As a public company, we will be required to document and test our internal control procedures to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. During the course of our testing, we may identify deficiencies which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet our deadline for compliance with Section 404. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, then investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our shares.
Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this Form 10-K may be "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that express our intentions, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions or any other statements relating to our future activities or other future events or conditions. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business based, in part, on assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements due to numerous factors, including those described above and those risks discussed from time to time in this prospectus, including the risks described under "Risk Factors," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this prospectus and in other documents which we file with the SEC.
In addition, such statements could be affected by risks and uncertainties related to:
• our ability to raise funds for general corporate purposes and operations, including our clinical trials;
• our ability to recruit qualified management and technical personnel;
• our ability to complete successfully within our industry;
• fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
• our ability to maintain and enhance our technological capabilities and to respond effectively to technological changes in our industry; and
• our ability to protect our intellectual property, on which our business avoiding infringing the intellectual property rights of others;
Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and except as may be required under applicable securities laws, we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus.
If we fail to implement our business strategy, our financial performance and our growth could be materially and adversely affected.
Our future financial performance and success are dependent in large part upon our ability to implement our business strategy successfully. Implementation of our strategy will require effective management of our operational, financial and human resources and will place significant demands on those resources.
See Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview for more information on our business strategy.
There are risks involved in pursuing our strategy, including the following:
• Our employees, customers or investors may not embrace and support our strategy.
• We may not be able to hire or retain the personnel necessary to manage our strategy effectively.
• We may be unsuccessful in implementing improvements to operational efficiency and such efforts may not yield the intended result.
• We may not be able to maintain cost savings achieved through restructuring efforts.
• Strategic decisions with respect to our asset portfolio may result in impairments to our assets.
See Item 1A. Risk Factors - We may record material charges against our earnings due to impairments to our assets.
• Our ability to make strategic acquisitions depends on our ability to identify desirable acquisition targets, negotiate advantageous transactions despite competition for such opportunities, fund such acquisitions on favorable terms, obtain regulatory approvals and realize the benefits we expect from those transactions.
• Acquisitions, investments and/or new service offerings may not increase our earnings in the timeframe anticipated, or at all, due to difficulties operating in new markets or providing new service offerings, failure of emerging technologies to perform as expected, failure to operate within budget, integration issues, or regulatory issues, among others.
• Integration of acquisitions and/or new services offerings could increase our exposure to the risk of inadvertent noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations.
• Liabilities associated with acquisitions, including ones that may exist only because of past operations of an acquired business, may prove to be more difficult or costly to address than anticipated.
• Execution of our strategy, particularly growth through acquisitions, may cause us to incur substantial additional indebtedness, which may divert capital away from our traditional business operations and other financial plans.
• We continue to seek to divest underperforming and non-strategic assets if we cannot improve their profitability. We may not be able to successfully negotiate the divestiture of underperforming and non-strategic operations, which could result in asset impairments or the continued operation of low-margin businesses.
In addition to the risks set forth above, implementation of our business strategy could also be affected by a number of factors beyond our control, such as increased competition, legal developments, government regulation, general economic conditions, increased operating costs or expenses and changes in industry trends. We may decide to alter or discontinue certain aspects of our business strategy at any time. If we are not able to implement our business strategy successfully, our long-term growth and profitability may be adversely affected. Even if we are able to implement some or all of the initiatives of our business strategy successfully, our operating results may not improve to the extent we anticipate, or at all.
Compliance with existing or increased future regulations and/or enforcement of such regulations may restrict or change our operations, increase our operating costs or require us to make additional capital expenditures, and a decrease in regulation may lower barriers to entry for our competitors.
Stringent government regulations at the federal, state, provincial and local level in the U.S. and Canada have a substantial impact on our business, and compliance with such regulations is costly. A large number of complex laws, rules, orders and interpretations govern environmental protection, health, safety, land use, zoning, transportation and related matters. Among other things, governmental regulations and enforcement actions may restrict our operations and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows by imposing conditions such as:
• limitations on constructing a new waste transfer stations, recycling or processing facilities or on expanding existing facilities;
• limitations, regulations or levies on collection and disposal prices, rates and volumes;
• limitations or bans on disposal or transportation of out-of-state waste or certain categories of waste;
• mandates regarding the management of solid waste, including requirements to recycle, divert or otherwise process certain waste, recycling and other streams; or
• limitations or restrictions on the recycling, processing or transformation of waste, recycling and other streams.
We also have a significant financial obligation relating to closure, post-closure and environmental remediation at our existing facility. The obligation is supported by a letter of credit from PACE in favor of the MOECP. Environmental regulatory changes could accelerate or increase such costs, requiring our expenditures to materially exceed our current letter of credit.
Our operations are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations that may result in significant liabilities.
There is risk of incurring significant environmental liabilities in the acceptance, use and storage of waste materials. Under applicable environmental laws and regulations, we could be liable if our operations cause environmental damage to our property or to the property of other landowners, particularly as a result of the contamination of air, drinking water or soil. Under current law, we could also be held liable for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired our current facility. This risk is of particular concern as we execute our growth strategy, partially though acquisitions, because we may be unsuccessful in identifying and assessing potential liabilities during our due diligence investigations. Further, the counterparties in such transactions may be unable to perform their indemnification obligations owed to us. Additionally, we could be liable if we arrange for the transportation and acceptance at our facility of hazardous substances that cause environmental contamination, or if a predecessor owner made such arrangements and, under applicable law, we are treated as a successor to the prior owner. Any substantial liability for environmental damage could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may in the future, become involved in legal and administrative proceedings relating to land use and environmental laws and regulations. These include proceedings in which:
• agencies of federal, state, provincial or local governments seek to impose liability on us under applicable statutes, sometimes involving civil or criminal penalties for violations, or to revoke or deny renewal of a permit we need; and
• local communities, citizen groups, landowners or governmental agencies oppose the issuance of a permit or approval we need, allege violations of the permits under which we operate or laws or regulations to which we are subject, or seek to impose liability on us for environmental damage.
We generally seek to work with the authorities or other persons involved in these proceedings to resolve any issues raised. If we are not successful, the adverse outcome of one or more of these proceedings could result in, among other things, material increases in our costs or liabilities as well as material charges for asset impairments.
General economic conditions can directly and adversely affect our revenues and our income from operations margins.
Our business is directly affected by changes in national and general economic factors that are outside of our control, including consumer confidence, interest rates and access to capital markets. A weak economy generally results in decreased consumer spending and decreases in volumes of waste generated, which decreases our revenues. In addition, we have a relatively high fixed-cost structure, which is difficult to quickly adjust to match shifting volume levels. Consumer uncertainty and the loss of consumer confidence may limit the number or amount of services requested by customers. Economic conditions may also limit our ability to implement our pricing strategy. For example, many of our contracts have price adjustment provisions that are tied to an index such as the Consumer Price Index, and our costs may increase in excess of the increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index.
Some of our customers may have suffered financial difficulties affecting their credit risk, which could negatively impact our operating results.
Many non-governmental customers have also suffered serious financial difficulties, including bankruptcy in some cases. Purchasers of our recycling commodities can be particularly vulnerable to financial difficulties in times of commodity price volatility. The inability of our customers to pay us in a timely manner or to pay increased rates, particularly significant accounts, could negatively affect our operating results.
We are increasingly dependent on technology in our operations and if our technology fails, our business could be adversely affected.
We may experience problems with the operation of our current information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, as well as the development and deployment of new information technology systems, that could adversely affect, or even temporarily disrupt, all or a portion of our operations until resolved. Inabilities and delays in implementing new systems can also affect our ability to realize projected or expected cost savings.
Additionally, any systems failures could impede our ability to timely collect and report financial results in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
A cybersecurity incident could negatively impact our business and our relationships with customers and expose us to litigation risk.
We use computers in substantially all aspects of our business operations. We also use mobile devices, social networking and other online activities to connect with our employees and our customers. Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including customers' personal information, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about the Company and its business partners. Further, as the Company pursues its strategy to grow through potential acquisitions and to pursue new initiatives that improve our operations and cost structure, the Company is also expanding and improving its information technologies, resulting in a larger technological presence and corresponding exposure to cybersecurity risk. If we fail to assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with acquisitions and new initiatives, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally, while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential litigation and liability and competitive disadvantage.
Our business is subject to operational and safety risks, including the risk of personal injury to employees and others.
The operation of an organic waste processing and composting facility involves risks such as truck accidents, equipment defects, malfunctions and failures.
Any of these risks could potentially result in injury or death of employees and others, a need to shut down or reduce operation of the facility, increased operating expense and exposure to liability for pollution and other environmental damage, and property damage or destruction.
While we seek to minimize our exposure to such risks through comprehensive training, compliance and response and recovery programs, as well as vehicle and equipment maintenance programs, if we were to incur substantial liabilities in excess of any applicable insurance, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Any such incidents could also tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Additionally, a major operational failure, even if suffered by a competitor, may bring enhanced scrutiny and regulation of our industry, with a corresponding increase in operating expense.
We have substantial financial assurance and insurance requirements and increases in the costs of obtaining adequate financial assurance, or the inadequacy of our insurance coverages, could negatively impact our liquidity and increase our liabilities.
The amount of insurance we are required to maintain for environmental liability is governed by statutory requirements. We believe that the cost for such insurance is high relative to the coverage it would provide and, therefore, our coverages are generally maintained at the minimum statutorily-required levels. We face the risk of incurring additional costs for environmental damage if our insurance coverage is ultimately inadequate to cover those damages. We also carry a broad range of other insurance coverages that are customary for a company our size. We use these programs to mitigate risk of loss, thereby enabling us to manage our self-insurance exposure associated with claims. The inability of our insurers to meet their commitments in a timely manner and the effect of significant claims or litigation against insurance companies may subject us to additional risks. To the extent our insurers are unable to meet their obligations, or our own obligations for claims are more than we estimated, there could be a material adverse effect to our financial results.
Our capital requirements and our business strategy could increase our expenses, cause us to change our growth and development plans, or result in an inability to maintain our desired credit profile.
If economic conditions or other risks and uncertainties cause a significant reduction in our cash flows from operations, we may reduce or suspend capital expenditures, growth and acquisition activity and implementation of our business strategy. We may choose to incur indebtedness to pay for these activities, although our access to capital markets is not assured and we may not be able to incur indebtedness at a cost that is consistent with current borrowing rates. We also may need to incur indebtedness to refinance scheduled debt maturities, and it is possible that the cost of financing could increase significantly, thereby increasing our expenses and increasing our net losses. Further, our ability to execute our financial strategy and our ability to incur indebtedness is somewhat dependent upon our ability to maintain investment grade credit ratings on our senior debt. The credit rating process is contingent upon our credit profile, as well as a number of other factors, many of which are beyond our control, including methodologies established and interpreted by third-party rating agencies. If we were unable to maintain our investment grade credit ratings in the future, our interest expense would increase.
Additionally, as of December 31, 2022, we have $7,285,747 (C$9,868,274) (2021-$7,727,628; C$9,796,689) of debt that is exposed to changes in market interest rates within the next 12 months. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we had a letter of credit outstanding of $204,384 (C$276,831) to the MECP. The Company is in the process of obtaining a letter of credit for the new financial assurance with the MECP in the amount of $470,767 (C$637,637). If interest rates increase, our interest expense would also increase, increasing our net losses and decreasing our cash flow.
As at December 31, 2022, and the date of this filing, the Company did not have any revolving credit facility to support cash flow requirements. In the event of a default under any of our credit facilities, term loans, obligations under capital lease, convertible promissory notes, mortgages payable and loans from related parties, we could be required to immediately repay such debt under default, which we may not be able to do. Additionally, any such default may cause a default under many of our other credit agreements and debt instruments. Without waivers from lenders party to those agreements, and/or the availability of other financing, either debt or equity, any such default would have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue to operate.
The seasonal nature of our business and severe weather events may cause our results to fluctuate, and prior performance is not necessarily indicative of our future results.
Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to the higher organic compost sales and higher leaf and yard waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months. Our second and third quarter revenues and results of operations typically reflect these seasonal trends.
Service disruptions caused by severe storms, extended periods of inclement weather or climate extremes resulting from climate change can significantly affect the operating results of the areas affected. While weather-related and other event driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, as a result of significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue will generate earnings at comparatively higher margins.
For these and other reasons, operating results in any interim period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire year, and operating results for any historical period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for a future period. Our stock price may be negatively or positively impacted by interim variations in our results.
We may experience adverse impacts on our reported results of operations as a result of adopting new accounting standards or interpretations.
Our implementation of and compliance with changes in accounting rules, including new accounting rules and interpretations, could adversely affect our reported financial position or operating results or cause unanticipated fluctuations in our reported operating results in future periods.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
Our principal executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We lease this property from an Ontario company controlled by the CEO of the Company, who is also executive chairman, president and a director. This lease expired on December 31, 2019. The Company is currently on a month-to-month lease. Prior to the business acquisition of May 2019, we leased the land on which our organic waste processing and composting facility is situated, near Belleville, Ontario, Canada. This property is now owned by one of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries, 1684567 Ontario Inc., and the Company does not expend funds to satisfy this lease, as the Company is now both the landlord and the tenant.
We believe that our operating property, vehicle and equipment are adequately maintained and sufficient for our current operations. However, we expect to continue to make investments in additional property and equipment for expansion, for replacement of assets and to support our strategy of continuous improvement through efficiency and innovation.
For more information, see Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included within this report.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.
The Company received opposition to one of its trademarks and continues to respond to the opposing counsel's requests. The opposition will be heard by the trademark trial and review board unless resolved between the parties prior.
The Company has one known claim filed against it, one filed, for unpaid legal fees, in the amount of $48,167 (C$65,241). The unpaid fees are included in accounts payable in the consolidated balance sheets.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
The Company has no reporting to provide relative to information concerning mine safety and other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Market Price of Common Stock
Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB marketplace run by OTC Markets Group, Inc. under the symbol "SNRG". As of the date of this filing, the number of stockholders of record was eighty-seven (87). This does not include persons whose stock is in nominee or "street name" accounts through brokers.
Securities.
The information below was derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report and in previous annual reports, including those we filed with the SEC. This information should be read together with those Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.
There were no declared dividends in 2022 and since incorporation. Future decisions to pay cash dividends are at the discretion of our Board of Directors. It is our intention to retain any future profits for use in the development and expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued a total of 16,252,746 Common Stock for non-cash proceeds and 4,444,041 for cash proceeds, as follows:
230,000 common shares were issued for proceeds previously received.
1,050,000 common shares were issued to officers and 10,000 to an employee.
193,778 common shares were issued on the conversion of related party debt to equity.
2,372,090 common shares were issued on the conversion of debt to equity.
4,125,211 common shares on the extinguishment of debt.
6,655,000 common shares were issued for professional services.
1,616,667 common shares issues on the extension of maturity dates on debt.
4,444,041 common shares issued on private placement for proceeds of $907,760.\
The securities above were offered and sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act since, among other things, the transactions did not involve a public offering.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This section includes a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that anticipate results based on management's plans that are subject to uncertainty. We discuss in more detail various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations in Item 1A. Risk Factors. The following discussion should be read considering those disclosures and together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto.
Overview
Our Company's goals are targeted at serving our customers, our employees, the environment, the communities in which we work and our stockholders. Increasingly, customers want more of their waste materials recovered, while waste streams are becoming more complex, and our aim is to address the current needs, while anticipating the expanding and evolving needs of our customers.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021
2022 2021
Revenue $ 589,035 $ 754,334
Cost of sales 1,171,481 1,254,150
Gross loss (582,446 ) (499,816 )
Operating expenses
Management compensation-stock-based compensation 240,450 217,035
Management compensation-fees 461,520 284,088
Professional fees 900,458 684,757
Marketing 991,383 298,417
Interest expenses 799,716 753,057
Office and administration 338,136 335,062
Rent and occupancy 215,482 160,019
Insurance 79,158 81,338
Filing fees 80,926 122,408
Amortization of financing costs 109,765 101,431
Repairs and maintenance (5,895 ) 42,183
Director compensation 57,690 53,136
Stock-based compensation 2,092,230 162,187
Foreign exchange loss 971,641
39,191
Total operating expenses 7,332,660
3,334,309
Net Loss before Other Expenses and Income Taxes Recovery (7,915,100 ) (3,834,125 )
Other Expenses (4,167,530 ) (1,067,272 )
Income Taxes Recovery 72,088 35,542
Net loss $ (12,010,548 ) $ (4,865,855 )
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021
During the year, the Company generated $589,035 (2021-$754,334) of revenue from its organic composting facility and the garbage collection services, a decrease of $165,299 over the prior year. The majority of the revenue from the organic composting facility relates to revenue from tipping fees charged for organic and other waste accepted at the facility and a lesser portion relating to the sale of organic compost processed at the facility. The Company also earned revenue from its garbage collection services of $26,886 (2021-$154,882), which it acquired effective May 24, 2019 on the purchase of 1684567. Up until early January 2021, the Company was also providing landfill management services, which are now handled by the individual townships. And, during the current, the Company ceased the garbage collection services to focus on its organic composting facility.
The reduction in revenue is primarily due to the Company no longer providing garbage collection services, offset by an increase in tipping fees from new business from an existing customer group.
In the operation of the organic composting facility, the Company processes the organic and other waste received and produces the end product, organic compost. The cost of producing the organic compost totaled $1,171,481 for the current year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1,254,150 for the prior year ended December 31, 2021. The costs include equipment rental, deliver, fuel, repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, depreciation, utilities and outside contractors. In addition, the Company calculated the inventory on hand at the end of the year for its organic compost to be $58,695 (2022-$20,582). These costs also include an estimate for the clean-up of certain waste as ordered by the MECP. This estimate and the significant reduction in revenue, significantly increased the gross loss during the year, compared to the prior year an increase of $82,630.
Operating expenses increased significantly by $3,998,351 from $3,334,309 for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $7,383,660 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of increases in management compensation, professional fees, marketing expenses, professional fees, stock-based compensation and foreign exchange loss. explained in greater detail below.
During the year, the Company incurred management compensation expense in the form of fees $461,520 compared to $284,088 in the prior year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $177,432, primarily due to the increase in the officers' compensation for the year ended December 31, 2022. The lower figure for the year ended December 31, 2021 included a settlement amount for the former chief executive officer, lowering the fees by $79,800. The management compensation in the form of stock-based compensation totaled $240,450 (2021-$217,035) during the year-ended December 31, 2022 relating to the Common Stock issued to the CEO and the CFO who were issued 1,000,000 and 50,000, respectively, for each year pursuant to their consulting agreements.
Professional fees increased by $215,701 from $684,757 in the year ended December 31, 2021 to $900, 458 in the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to increased estimated costs for the 2022 audit, review and tax related services including additional costs for certain 2021 services. In addition, the Company had engaged the services of a chartered professional accounting firm in 2021 for services in both 2021 and 2022 to assist management with various documentation and reporting matters and the valuation of the convertible promissory notes both in 2021 and for two quarters in 2022 along with engaging the services of a corporate valuation services firm in 2022 to assist management in the valuation of the convertible promissory notes for Q3 and for the year-end. In addition, the Company incurred additional professional fees in connection with its S-1/A registration statement.
Marketing expenses increased by $692,966 from $298,417 in the prior year to $991,383 in the current year primarily due to a new marketing campaign which commenced in Q3 of 2021.
During the year, the Company incurred interest expense of $799,716, an increase of $46,659 over the prior year amount of $753,057. The increase is primarily due to the interest on the 1st mortgage in Hamilton, outstanding for a full year in 2022 versus 136 days in the prior year. In addition, the interest incurred on the outstanding obligations to PACE increased based on the increased prime rate of interest during the current year by 4%. This increased interest was offset by lower interest on other long-term debt as the principal balance decreased and lower interest on the obligations under capital lease from payments during the year and the full repayment of one of the remaining obligations. Further, there is an absence of interest on the 2019 convertible notes which totaled $90,906 in the prior year. And, as a result of the Company's fair value option election, all interest incurred on the 2021 and 2022 convertible promissory notes was included in the fair value of the notes outstanding on December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022.
Office and administration expenses were flat with a small increase of $3,074 from $335,062 in the prior year to $338,136 in the current year.
Rent and occupancy expense increased by $55,463 from $160,019 in the prior year to $215,482 in the current year, primarily due to an increase in the monthly rental on the Company's Toronto, Ontario, Canada office and additional realty taxes incurred on the new Hamilton, Ontario, Canada property, a full year in the current year versus 136 days in the prior year.
Insurance expense was flat with a small decrease of $2,180 from the prior year.
Filing fees decreased by $41,482 from $122,408 in the prior year to $80,926 in the current year, primarily due to the absence of investor relations activities carried out in the prior year and not in the current year and the absence of the fee for the Company's application to the Nasdaq, offset by costs associated with the special meeting of the shareholders on March 24, 2022, administrative costs incurred in the filing of the S-1 (and S-1/A) registration statement.
During the year, the amortization of financing costs increased by $8,334 from $101,431 in the prior year to $109,765 in the current year due primarily to the amortization of an additional financing cost in connection with the extension of the maturity date for the 1st mortgage on the Company's Belleville, Ontario, Canada facility from September 1, 2021 to December 1, 2023.
Repairs and maintenance decreased by $48,078 from $42,183 in the prior year to a credit of $5,895 in the current year primarily due to a credit on roof repairs incurred in the prior year at the Company's Toronto, Ontario, Canada office and an overall decrease in repairs and maintenance.
Director compensation decreased by $4,554 from $53,136 in the prior year to $57,690 in the current year. The increase is partially due to a new independent director appointed in Q2 of 2021 and thus did not serve as a director for the entire 2021 year. Each independent director is entitled to a fee of $19,230 (C$25,000) annually. By December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had three independent directors for whom the Company has accrued their annual fees. In addition, during the year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Stock-based compensation increased by $1,930,043 from a balance of $162,187 in the prior year to $2,092,230 in the year as a result of consulting agreements with several new service providers to provide general business consulting services whose services expire at various periods through to October 2023. A total of 6,655,000 common shares were issued in connection with the new consulting agreements. Also included is $1,919 related to the issuance of 10,000 common shares to an employee during the year.
The foreign exchange loss increased by $932,450 from $39,191 in the prior year to $971,641 in the current year due to losses incurred on the translation and settlement of expenses and balances denominated in US dollars, primarily the convertible promissory notes.
The other expenses increased by $3,100,258 from $1,067,272 in the prior year to $4,167,530 in the current year. In the current year, the adjustment for the revaluation of the convertible promissory notes totaled $8,323,370 (2021-$1,018,825), the gain of extinguishment of convertible promissory notes totaled $4,274,820 (2021-$nil), an accrual for a break fee for a previous banker in the amount of $250,000 (2021-$nil) and revenue from proceeds earned on the sale of carbon credits on the Greenhouse Gas Clean Projects® Registry, in the amount of $131,020. In the prior year, the Company recorded various impairment losses on intangible assets totaling $513,254, gains of $420,216 on the forgiveness of the 2019 convertible promissory notes, including accrued interest and net gains on the disposal of long-lived assets in the amount of $44,591.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions
Use of estimates
The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, the fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.
Stock-based compensation
The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2022.
Indefinite Asset Impairments
The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life using Level 3 inputs.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, an impairment loss of $nil (C$nil) (2021-$513,254; C$643,175) was recorded and included under other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer also to note 17, other expenses, to the consolidated financial statements.
Long-Lived Asset Impairments
In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.
At December 31, 2022, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As at December 31, 2022, the Company had a cash balance of $42,900 (2021-$36,033) and current liabilities in the amount of $22,339,175 (2021-$13,944,507). As at December 31, 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (2021-$13,651,619). The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to satisfy the current debt obligations. Should the Company's creditors seek or demand payment, the Company does not have the resources to pay or satisfy any such claims currently. The Company has been in discussions with other creditors and equity investors for new financing options to repay or re-finance certain current debt obligations.
The Company's total assets at December 31, 2022 were $9,865,775 (2021-$8,571,721) and total current liabilities were $22,339,175 (2021-$13,944,507). Significant losses from operations have been incurred since inception and there is an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 as of December 31, 2022 (2021-$18,334,649). Continuation as a going concern is dependent upon generating significant new revenue, raising external capital and refinancing certain current debt. whilst achieving profitable operations and maintaining current fixed expense levels.
To pay current debt obligations and to fund any future operations, the Company requires significant new funds, which the Company may not be able to obtain. In addition to the funds required to liquidate the $22,339,175 in current liabilities, the Company estimates that approximately $25,500,000 in additional funds must be raised to fund capital requirements and general corporate expenses for the next 12 months.
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks, including changes in interest rates, certain commodity prices and Canadian currency rates. The Company does not use derivatives to manage these risks.
Interest Rate Exposure - Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Financial assets and financial liabilities with variable interest rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk.
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our financing activities. We have $7,285,747 (C$9,868,274) (2021-$7,727,628; C$9,796,689) of debt that is exposed to changes in market interest rates within the next 12 months. We currently estimate that a 100-basis point increase in the interest rates of our outstanding variable-rate debt obligations would increase our 2022 interest expense by approximately $72,900 (2021-$77,300).
Our remaining outstanding debt obligations have fixed interest rates through the scheduled maturity of the debt. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt obligations would not be expected to increase or decrease significantly if market interest rates change.
Credit Risk Exposure - is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty's inability to perform its payment obligations. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and trade receivables. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's cash was held with reputable Canadian chartered banks, a US banks and a credit union.
Commodity Price Exposure - In the normal course of our business, we are subject to operating agreements that expose us to market risks arising from changes in the prices for commodities such as diesel fuel, propane, and electricity. We attempt to manage these risks through operational strategies that focus on capturing our costs in the prices we charge our customers for the services provided. Accordingly, as the market prices for these commodities increase or decrease, our revenues may also increase or decrease.
Currency Rate Exposure - Our operations are currently in Ontario, Canada. Where significant, we have quantified and described the impact of foreign currency translation on components of income, including operating revenue and operating expenses. However, the impact of foreign currency has not materially affected our results of operations.
Summary of Cash and Debt Obligations
The following is a summary of our cash and debt balances as of December 31:
2022 2021
Cash $ 42,900 $ 36,033
Debt:
Current portion $ 16,710,639 $ 11,654,984
Long-term portion 116,978 1,882,357
Total debt $ 16,827,617 $ 13,537,341
We use long-term borrowings in addition to the cash we are able to generate from operations as part of our overall financial strategy to support and grow our business. The components of our borrowings as of December 31, 2022 are described in notes 10, 11, 12 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements.
Changes in our outstanding debt balances from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 were primarily attributable to (i) increase in net debt borrowings of $1,865,681 and (ii) the impacts of other non-cash changes in our debt balances due to foreign currency translation and the loss on the revaluation of convertible promissory notes.
Refer to Security Purchase Agreements, Financing Agreements with PACE and Other financings noted above for details.
Summary of Cash Flow Activity
The following is a summary of our cash flows for the years ended December 31:
2022 2021
Net cash used in operating activities (a) $ (1,207,557 ) $ (2,040,974 )
Net cash used in investing activities (b) $ (1,868,864 ) $ (2,152,725 )
Net cash provided by financing activities (c) $ 2,773,441 $ 4,195,676
(a) Net Cash Used in Operating Activities - The most significant items affecting the comparison of our operating cash flows in 2022 as compared with 2021 are summarized below:
Increase in Net Loss - Our loss from operations, excluding depreciation and amortization and other expenses increased by $4,127,315 in 2022, principally driven by reduced revenue resulting in a gross loss, higher marketing costs, professional fees, stock-based compensation and foreign exchange loss.
Changes in Assets and Liabilities -Our net cash used in operating activities was impacted by changes in assets and liabilities.
(b) Net Cash Used in Investing Activities - The Company purchased long-lived assets in 2022 in the amount of $1,865,681 compared to $1,875,440 in 2021. In addition, the Company purchased intangible assets totaling $326,012 in 2021 and $nil in 2022.
(c) Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities - The most significant items affecting the comparison of our financing cash flows for the periods presented are summarized below:
Debt Borrowings (Repayments) - In the current year, the Company incurred net debt borrowings of $1,865,681 a decrease of $2,037,129 from the prior year and an increase of $614,894 in private placement proceeds in 2022 from the prior year.
Refer to notes 10, 11, 12 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our various borrowings.
Summary of Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations of principal payments as of December 31, 2022 and the anticipated effect of these obligations on our liquidity in future years:
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total
Contractual Obligations:
Long-term debt and obligations under capital lease (a) $ 8,933,451 $ 59,366 $ 5,117 $ - $ - $ - $ 8,997,934
Convertible promissory notes 5,825,260 - - - - - 5,825,260
Management consulting agreements 465,132 442,980 - - - - 908,112
Truck and trailer financing (b) 37,164 39,046 13,449 - - - 89,659
Various third-party consulting and other agreements 700,000 125,000 125,000 - - - 950,000
Hamilton-construction in progress commitments 4,879,084 - - - - - 4,879,084
Road maintenance obligation (c) 7,383 7,383 7,383 - - - 22,149
Anticipated liquidity impact as of December 31, 2022 $ 20,847,474 $ 673,775 $ 150,949 $ - $ - $ - $ 21,672,198
(a) These amounts represent the scheduled principal payments related to the Company's long-term debt, obligations under capital lease, excluding interest.
Refer to notes 10, 11 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on our long-term debt and our obligations under capital lease.
(b) Truck and trailer financing
(c) The road maintenance obligation is invoiced annually by the City of Belleville, Ontario, Canada in the amount of $7,383 (C$10,000) and expires September 30, 2025.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.
As at December 31, 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (2021-$13,651,619), incurred a net loss of $12,010,548 (2021-$4,865,855) for the year and had an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 (December 31, 2021-$18,334,649) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business.
The Company incurred a net loss of $12,010,548 (2021-$4,865,855) for the year ended December 31, 2022 and as at that date had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (2021-$13,651,619) and an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 (December 31, 2021-$18,334,649) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business. On February 18, 2021, PACE and the Company reached a new agreement to repay all amounts owing to PACE on or before July 30, 2021. Management was not able to meet the July 30, 2021 deadline. On August 13, 2021, PACE agreed to allow the Company until August 31, 2021 to bring the arrears current and continue to September 2022, the original maturity date. Management was not able to meet the August 31, 2021 deadline. On November 15, 2021, the Company paid all arrears to PACE and PACE agreed to allow the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Similarly, the Company paid all arrears to PACE on March 15, 2022 and PACE allowed the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Management continues discussions with equity investors to raise the necessary funds and repay other creditors and with PACE to settle its overdue obligations. The Company was successful in extending the maturity date on one of its 1st mortgages, which had a maturity date of September 1, 2022 to December 1, 2023. One of the Company's significant customer contracts expired at the end of December 31, 2020 and one customer contract was terminated by the Company in September of 2021. The Company is also anticipating a successful underwritten offering in connection with its filed registration statement although there can be no assurance that the underwritten offering will be completed. Refer to note 22 (d), subsequent events, for details on a full and final mutual release of the Company's obligations to PACE.
These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary financing to further the development of its business and satisfy its obligations to PACE and its other creditors, and upon achieving profitable operations. There is no assurance of funding being available, or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as recorded on these consolidated financial statements.
Beginning in March 2020 the Governments of Canada and Ontario, as well as foreign governments, instituted emergency measures as a result of the novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19"). The virus has had a major impact on Canadian and international securities and currency markets and consumer activity which may impact the Company's financial position, its results of operations and its cash flows significantly. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it might impact the Company's business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that are not subject to accurate prediction and that are beyond the Company's control.
These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the potential effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern. Such adjustments could be material.
Recently Accounting Pronouncements
The following section provides a description of new accounting pronouncements ("Accounting Standard Update" or "ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that are applicable to the Company.
On January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2020-06, -Debt-"Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity": simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current US GAAP. ASU 2020-06 reduces the number of models used to account for convertible instruments, amends diluted earnings per share "EPS" calculations for convertible instruments, and amends the requirements for a contract (or embedded derivative) that is potentially settled in an entity's own shares to be classified in equity. The ASU updates the guidance on certain embedded conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives, or Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital, such that those features are no longer required to be separated from the host contract. The convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. This will also result in the interest expense recognized for convertible debt instruments to be typically closer to the coupon interest rate when applying the guidance in Topic 835, Interest. The amendments add certain disclosure requirements to increase transparency and decision-usefulness about a convertible instrument's terms and features. Under ASU 2020-06, the Company must use the if-converted method for including convertible instruments in diluted EPS as opposed to the treasury stock method. ASU 2020-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is allowed under the standard with either a modified retrospective or full retrospective method. There were no embedded conversion features accounted for as equity or derivatives in the convertible promissory notes outstanding on January 1, 2021 The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the annual consolidated financial statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
CONTENTS
Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-M&K(PCAOB ID 2738)
Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-MNP(PCAOB ID 1930)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficiency
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the Company) as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statement of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 , and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The financial statements of SusGlobal Energy Corp. as of December 31, 2021 were audited by other auditors whose report dated April 13, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those statements.
Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company suffered a net loss from operations and used cash in operations, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans regarding those matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
As discussed in Note 12, the Company borrows funds through the use of convertible notes payable that contain a conversion price that may be fixed or fluctuates with the stock price.
Auditing management’s estimates of the fair value of the convertible debt involves significant judgements and estimates given the embedded conversion features of the notes.
To evaluate the appropriateness of the fluctuation of the conversion price, the embedded conversion feature is subject to market adjustments as of each reporting period. Significant judgment is exercised by the Company in determining the fair value liability values for these convertible note agreements, including the use of a specialist engaged by management.
We evaluated management’s conclusions regarding their derivative liability and reviewed support for the significant inputs used in the valuation model, as well as assessing the model for reasonableness.
/s/ M&K CPAS, PLLC
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.
Houston, TX
April 17, 2023
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of SusGlobal Energy Corp.:
Opinion
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Company"), as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' deficiency and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its consolidated operations and its consolidated cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has experienced operating losses since inception and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business. These conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 2, raise substantial doubt about Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for convertible promissory notes as of January 1, 2021, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2020-06, "Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity".
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
MNP LLP
1 Adelaide Street East, Suite 1900, Toronto ON, M5C 2V9
1.877.251.2922 T: 416.596.1711 F: 416.596.7894
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
April 13, 2022
Chartered Professional Accountants
Toronto, Canada
Licensed Public Accountants
We have served as the Company auditors since 2020.
1 Adelaide Street East, Suite 1900, Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2V9
1.877.251.2922 T: 416.596.1711 F: 416.596.7894 MNP.ca
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As at December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash $ 42,900
$ 36,033
Trade receivables
69,193
59,665
Government remittances receivable
6,983
13,265
Inventory
58,695
20,582
Prepaid expenses and deposits (note 7)
580,852
163,343
Total Current Assets
758,623
292,888
Long-lived Assets, net (note 8)
9,107,152
8,278,833
Long-Term Assets
9,107,152
8,278,833
Total Assets $ 9,865,775
$ 8,571,721
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIENCY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable (note 9) $ 3,475,691
$ 1,085,235
Government remittances payable
371,587
262,047
Accrued liabilities (notes 9, 10, 11, 12, and 14)
1,781,258
942,241
Current portion of long-term debt (note 10)
8,816,931
7,765,421
Current portion of obligations under capital lease (note 11)
57,275
91,047
Convertible promissory notes (note 12)
7,796,433
3,798,516
Loans payable to related parties (note 14)
40,000
-
Total Current Liabilities
22,339,175
13,944,507
Long-term debt (note 10)
52,495
1,752,271
Obligations under capital lease (note 11)
64,483
130,086
Deferred tax liability
-
73,925
Total Long-term Liabilities
116,978
1,956,282
Total Liabilities
22,456,153
15,900,789
Stockholders' Deficiency
Preferred stock, $.0001 par value, 10,000,000 authorized, none issued and outstanding
Common stock, $.0001 par value, 150,000,000 authorized, 113,438,832 (2021- 92,983,547) shares issued and outstanding (note 15)
11,348
9,302
Additional paid-in capital
17,152,018
11,272,599
Shares to be issued
213,600
59,640
Accumulated deficit
(30,345,197 )
(18,334,649 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
377,853
(335,960 )
Stockholders' deficiency
(12,590,378 )
(7,329,068 )
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficiency $ 9,865,775
$ 8,571,721
Going concern (note 2)
Commitments (note 16)
Subsequent events (note 22)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
Revenue $ 589,035
$ 754,334
Cost of Sales
Opening inventory
20,582
24,740
Depreciation
452,402
507,070
Direct wages and benefits
225,484
264,598
Equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance
459,917
299,031
Utilities
45,575
81,107
Outside contractors
26,216
98,186
1,230,176
1,274,732
Less: closing inventory
(58,695 )
(20,582 )
Total cost of sales
1,171,481
1,254,150
Gross loss
(582,446 )
(499,816 )
Operating expenses
Management compensation-stock- based compensation (notes 9 and 15)
240,450
217,035
Management compensation-fees (note 9)
461,520
284,088
Professional fees
900,458
684,757
Marketing
991,383
298,417
Interest expense (notes 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14)
799,716
753,057
Office and administration
338,136
335,062
Rent and occupancy (note 10)
215,482
160,019
Insurance
79,158
81,338
Filing fees
80,926
122,408
Amortization of financing costs
109,765
101,431
Repairs and maintenance
(5,895 )
42,183
Director compensation (notes 9 and 15)
57,690
53,136
Stock-based compensation (noted 10 and 15)
2,092,230
162,187
Foreign exchange loss (income)
971,641
39,191
Total operating expenses
7,332,660
3,334,309
Net Loss Before Other Loss
(7,915,106 )
(3,834,125 )
Other Expenses (note 17)
(4,167,530 )
(1,067,272 )
Net Loss Before Income Taxes
(12,082,636 )
(4,901,397 )
Income Taxes Recovery (note 18)
72,088
35,542
Net Loss
(12,010,548 )
(4,865,855 )
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign exchange income
713,813
18,251
Comprehensive loss $ (11,296,735 ) $ (4,847,604 )
Net loss per share-basic and diluted $ (0.12 ) $ (0.05 )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding- basic and diluted
102,746,746
90,963,235
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficiency
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
Additional
Accumulated
Number
Common
Paid-
Shares
Accumulated
Other
Total
of Shares
Shares
in Capital
to be
Deficit
Comprehensive
Issued
Loss
Balance-December 31, 2020
82,860,619
$ 8,288
$ 9,045,187
$ 8,580
$ (13,468,794 ) $ (354,211 ) $ (4,760,950 )
Shares issued for proceeds previously received
400,000
8,540
(8,580 )
-
-
-
Share issued to officers
1,050,000
216,930
-
-
-
217,035
Shares issued on conversion of related party debt to equity
1,726,076
451,152
-
-
-
451,325
Shares issued on conversion of debt to equity
3,767,029
809,524
-
-
-
809,901
Shares issued on private placement
1,195,348
292,746
-
-
-
292,866
Shares issued for professional services
1,658,832
448,553
-
-
-
448,719
Shares issued for financing costs on receipt of convertible promissory notes
2,337,143
(234 )
-
-
-
-
Share cancellation
(2,011,500 )
(201
)
-
-
-
-
Shares to be issued
-
-
-
59,640
-
-
59,640
Other comprehensive income
-
-
-
-
-
18,251
18,251
Net loss
-
-
-
-
(4,865,855 )
-
(4,865,855 )
Balance-December 31, 2021
92,983,547
$ 9,302
$ 11,272,599
$ 59,640
$ (18,334,649 ) $ (335,960 ) $ (7,329,068 )
Balance - December 31, 2021
92,983,547
$ 9,302
$ 11,272,599
$ 59,640
$ (18,334,649 ) $ (335,960 ) $ (7,329,068 )
Shares issued for proceeds previously received
230,000
48,967
(48,990 )
-
-
-
Share issued to officers
1,050,000
240,345
-
-
-
240,450
Shares issued to employee
10,000
1,989
-
-
-
1,990
Share issued on conversion of debt to equity
2,372,090
579,010
-
-
-
579,247
Share issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt
4,125,211
1,652,302
-
-
1,652,715
Shares issued on extension of maturity dates on debt
1,616,667
230,905
-
-
-
231,067
Shares issued on conversion of related party debt to equity
193,778
33,17
-
-
-
33,136
Shares issued on private placement
4,444,041
907,316
-
-
-
907,760
Shares issued for professional services
6,655,000
2,185,444
-
-
-
2,186,110
Shares returned to treasury
(241,502 )
(24 )
-
-
-
Shares yet to be issued
-
-
202,950
-
-
202,950
Other comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
-
713,813
713,813
Net loss
-
-
-
-
(12,010,548 )
-
(12,010,548 )
Balance-December 31, 2022
113,438,832
$ 11,348
$ 17,152,018
$ 213,600
$ (30,345,197 ) $ 377,853
$ (12,590,378 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss $ (12,010,548 ) $ (4,865,855 )
Deferred taxes recovery
(72,088 )
(9,037 )
Adjustments for:
Depreciation
453,672
510,021
Amortization of intangible assets
-
3,955
Non-cash professional fees on conversion of debt
-
Non-cash interest expense on conversion of debt
-
(53,354 )
Amortization of financing fees
109,765
101,431
Impairment loss on intangibles
-
513,254
Stock-based compensation
2,332,680
379,222
Gain on forgiveness of convertible promissory notes and accrued interest
-
(420,216 )
Gain (loss) on disposal of long-lived assets
-
(44,591 )
Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes
8,323,370
1,018,825
Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes
(4,274,820 )
-
Non-cash additions to convertible promissory notes on amendments
535,142
-
Changes in non-cash working capital:
Trade receivables
(13,905 )
125,445
Government remittances receivable
5,659
(9,615 )
Inventory
(41,081 )
4,315
Prepaid expenses and deposits
(186,876 )
36,937
Deferred asset
-
3,956
Accounts payable
2,562,889
88,374
Government remittances payable
131,604
32,065
Accrued liabilities
936,980
548,211
Deferred revenue
-
(4,867 )
Net cash used in operating activities
(1,207,557 )
(2,040,974 )
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of intangible assets
-
(326,012 )
Purchase of long-lived assets (i)
(1,868,864 )
(1,875,440 )
Proceeds on disposal of long-lived assets
-
48,727
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
(1,868,864 )
(2,152,725 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of advances
-
(15,708 )
Advance of long-term debt
-
1,516,200
Repayment of long-term debt
(70,328 )
(111,137 )
Repayments of obligations under capital lease
(88,786 )
(157,444 )
Advances of convertible promissory notes
2,080,000
2,629,500
Repayment of convertible promissory notes
(96,880 )
(292,660 )
Advances of loans payable to related parties
131,668
387,525
Repayments of loans payable to related parties
(89,993 )
(53,466 )
Subscription payable proceeds (net of share issue costs)
907,760
292,866
Net cash provided by financing activities
2,773,441
4,195,676
Effect of exchange rate on cash
309,847
27,599
Increase in cash
6,867
29,576
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period
36,033
6,457
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period
36,033
6,457
Cash and cash equivalents end of period $ 42,900
$ 36,033
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure:
Interest paid $ 798,072
$ 678,548
Supplementary Non-Cash Disclosure:
Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of debt, plus accrued interest, and other fees
$
579,247
$
809,901
Common stock issued at fair value on extinguishment of existing debt
$
1,652,715
$
-
Common stock yet to be issued
$
213,600
$
59,640
Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of related party debt and accounts payable
$
33,136
$
451,324
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
SusGlobal Energy Corp. ("SusGlobal") was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SusGlobal, a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. ("Commandcredit"), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp.
On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal filed an Application for Authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the "Domestication"). In connection with the Domestication each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the "Shares"). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), SusGlobal continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of SusGlobal and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2017.
On December 11, 2018, the Company began trading on the OTCQB venture market exchange, under the ticker symbol SNRG.
SusGlobal is a renewables company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy and regenerative products application.
These consolidated financial statements of SusGlobal and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp. ("SGECC"), SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd. ("SGECIL"), SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SGEBL"), SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd. ("SGEHL") and 1684567 Ontario Inc. ("1684567") (together, the "Company"), have been prepared following generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("US GAAP") for annual financial information and the Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") instructions to Form 10-K and Article 8 of SEC Regulation S-X, and are expressed in United States Dollars.
2. Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.
The Company incurred a net loss of $12,010,548 (2021-$4,865,855) for the year ended December 31, 2022 and as at that date had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (December 31, 2021-$13,651,119) and an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 (December 31, 2021-$18,334,649) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business.
On February 18, 2021, PACE Savings and Credit Union Limited ("PACE") and the Company reached a new agreement to repay all amounts owing to PACE on or before July 30, 2021. Management was not able to meet the July 30, 2021 deadline. On August 13, 2021, PACE agreed to allow the Company until August 31, 2021 to bring the arrears current and continue to September 2022, the original maturity date. Management was not able to meet the August 31, 2021 deadline. On November 15, 2021, the Company paid all arrears to PACE and PACE agreed to allow the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Similarly, the Company paid all arrears to PACE on March 15, 2022 and PACE allowed the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Management continues discussions with equity investors to raise the necessary funds to repay other creditors and with PACE to settle its overdue obligations. The Company was successful in extending the repayment date on a 1st mortgage which had a maturity date of September 1, 2022 to December 1, 2023. One of the Company's significant customer contracts expired at the end of December 31, 2020 and one customer contract was terminated by the Company in September of 2021. The Company is also anticipating a successful underwritten offering in connection with its filed registration statement although there can be no assurance that the underwritten offering will be completed. Refer to note 22 (d), subsequent events, for details on a full and final mutual release of the Company's obligations to PACE.
These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain the necessary financing to further the development of its business, satisfy its obligations to PACE and its other creditors, and upon achieving profitable operations through revenue growth. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
2. Going Concern, (continued)
Beginning in March 2020 the Governments of Canada and Ontario, as well as foreign governments, instituted emergency measures as a result of the novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19"). The virus has had a major impact on Canadian and international securities and currency markets and consumer activity which may impact the Company's financial position, its results of operations and its cash flows significantly. The situation is constantly evolving, however, so the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact businesses and the economy is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Accordingly, the Company cannot predict the extent to which its financial position, results of operations and cash flows will be affected in the future.
These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern.
3. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The following section provides a description of new accounting pronouncements ("Accounting Standard Update" or "ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that are applicable to the Company.
On January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2020-06, -Debt-"Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity": simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current US GAAP. ASU 2020-06 reduces the number of models used to account for convertible instruments, amends diluted earnings per share "EPS" calculations for convertible instruments, and amends the requirements for a contract (or embedded derivative) that is potentially settled in an entity's own shares to be classified in equity. The ASU updates the guidance on certain embedded conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives, or Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital, such that those features are no longer required to be separated from the host contract. The convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. This will also result in the interest expense recognized for convertible debt instruments to be typically closer to the coupon interest rate when applying the guidance in Topic 835, Interest. The amendments add certain disclosure requirements to increase transparency and decision-usefulness about a convertible instrument's terms and features. Under ASU 2020-06, the Company must use the if-converted method for including convertible instruments in diluted EPS as opposed to the treasury stock method. ASU 2020-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is allowed under the standard with either a modified retrospective or full retrospective method. There were no embedded conversion features accounted for as equity or derivatives in the convertible promissory notes outstanding on January 1, 2021 The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the annual consolidated financial statements.
4. Significant Accounting Policies
a) Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SusGlobal and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SGECC, incorporated on December 14, 2015, SGECIL, incorporated on December 15, 2015, SGEBL, incorporated on July 27, 2017, SGEHL, incorporated on August 10, 2021 and 1684567, acquired effective May 24, 2019. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
b) Business combinations
The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-01, which clarifies the definition of a business, with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.
A business combination is a transaction or other event in which control over one or more business is obtained. A business in an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return in the form of dividends, lower costs or other economic benefits. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders. A business need not include all the inputs and processes that were used by the acquiree to produce outputs if the business can be integrated with the inputs and processes of the Company to continue to produce outputs. The Company considers several factors to determine whether the set of activities and assets is a business.
Business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method whereby acquired assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value as at the date of acquisition with the excess of the purchase consideration over such value being recorded as goodwill and allocated to reporting units ("RUs"). If the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the purchase consideration, the difference is recognized immediately as a gain in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition related costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, except for the cost of debt or equity instruments issued in relation to the acquisition which is included in the carrying amount of the related instrument.
Certain fair values may be estimated at the acquisition date pending confirmation or completion of the valuation process. Where provisional values are used in accounting for a business combination, they are adjusted retrospectively in subsequent periods. However, the measurement period will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. If the assets acquired are not a business, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company's recent acquisition, as described under note 9, Long-lived Assets, was accounted for as an asset acquisition whereby the total acquisition price is allocated on assets acquired based on relative fair values and acquisition related costs are considered a part of the acquisition price.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
c) Use of estimates
The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.
d) Cash
Cash consist of deposits held in financial institutions.
e) Trade receivables
Trade receivables, which are recorded when billed and when services are performed, are claims against third parties that will be settled in cash. The carrying value of trade receivables, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated realizable value. An estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical trends; type of customer, such as commercial or municipal; the age of outstanding trade receivables; and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific trade receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Past-due trade receivable balances are written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful.
(f) Fair value of financial instruments
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures", which determines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:
a. Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
b. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
c. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, such as cash, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of the advance, long-term term debt, obligations under capital lease, mortgages payable and loans payable to related parties also approximates fair value due to their market interest rate.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, and also considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 except for the convertible promissory notes for which the Company elected the fair value option. The convertible promissory notes for which the fair value option has been elected are carried at fair value based on Level 3 inputs (see note 13).
g) Inventory
Inventory, which consists of screened organic compost, is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is represented by production cost, which includes equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, outside contractors, utilities and manufacturing overhead. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a weekly basis and typically there is no need to record provisions for excess or obsolete inventory as the inventory has a long shelf life. The inventory is stored outdoors and accumulated in piles.
h) Intangible assets
Intangible assets included a technology license, which was stated at cost less accumulated amortization and was amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life which was the contract term of five years plus the renewal option of five years and customer lists, which are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the customer contracts, which ranged between forty-five and sixty-six months. Intangible assets also include environmental compliance approvals and trademarks, which are stated at cost, have indefinite useful lives and are not amortized until their useful lives are determined to be no longer indefinite. The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life. In the prior year, an impairment loss of $513,254 (C$643,175) was recorded and included under other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer also to note 17, other expenses.
i) Goodwill
Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired business. Goodwill is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the acquired business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Management assesses goodwill impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired by comparing its carrying value to the fair value of the acquired business.
j) Long-lived assets
Long-lived assets are stated at cost. Equipment awaiting installation on site is not depreciated until it is commissioned. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful life of the asset and depreciated annually on a straight-line basis at the following annual rates:
Category Rate
Computer equipment 30%
Computer software 50%
Officer trailer and vacuum trailer 30%
Signage 20%
Machinery and equipment, including under capital lease 30%
Automotive equipment 30%
Composting buildings 6%
Gore cover system 10%
Driveway and paving 8%
k) Impairment of long-lived assets
In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. At December 31, 2022, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.
l) Debt issuance costs
Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability. Debt issuance cost related to convertible promissory notes which are valued at fair value are expensed once incurred.
m) Environmental remediation costs
The Company accrues for costs associated with environmental remediation and clean-up obligations when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change.
n) Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the accounting and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is recorded for the amount of income tax payable or receivable for the period increased or decreased by the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period.
o) Revenue recognition
The Company's revenues are from the tipping fees charged for waste delivery to the Company's organic composting facility and from the sale of organic compost. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation when transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The tipping fees charged for services are generally defined in service agreements and vary based on contract-specific terms such as frequency of service, type of waste, weight, volume and the general market factors influencing a region's rates. The Company also generates revenue from fees charged for garbage collection services and landfill management services, based on agreements with customers. Revenue is recognized as waste is accepted and collection is reasonably assured for the tipping fees charged and monthly for the other services and collection is assured. The waste collected is processed, cured and screened before being sold as organic compost. The cost of these processes is accrued at the time of revenue recognition.
p) Loss per share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive securities outstanding for each year. The computation of diluted loss per share has not been presented as its effect would be anti-dilutive.
q) Convertible promissory notes
The Company had elected the fair value option to account for its convertible promissory notes issued during 2021 and subsequently. In accordance with ASC 825, the convertible promissory notes are marked-to-market at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of other expenses, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has elected to include interest expense in the changes in fair value. Transaction costs are incurred as expensed. The Company did not elect the fair value option for the convertible promissory notes issued in 2019. The notes were measured at amortized cost.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
r) Stock-based compensation
The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2021.
s) Comprehensive Loss
The Company accounts for comprehensive loss in accordance with ASC 220, "Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive loss and its components. Comprehensive loss is presented in the consolidated statements of stockholders' deficiency and consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.
t) Foreign currency translation
The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar (the "C$") and its presentation or reporting currency is the United States dollar ("$"). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss) for the year. In translating the financial statements of the Company's Canadian subsidiaries from their functional currency into the Company's reporting currency of $, balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' deficiency. The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
5. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date or possibly early adopted, where permitted.
There are no new accounting pronouncements issued that were expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations in the current or future periods.
6. Financial Instruments
Interest, Credit and Concentration Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Financial assets and financial liabilities with variable interest rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk. The Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk on the current portion of its long-term debt of $7,285,747 (C$9,868,274) (2021-$7727,628; C$9,796,689).
Credit risk is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty's inability to perform its payment obligations. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and trade receivables. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's cash was held with reputable Canadian chartered banks, a credit union and a United States of America bank.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
6. Financial Instruments, (continued)
With regards to credit risk with customers, the customers' credit evaluation is reviewed by management and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. The Company believes that no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for by the allowance for doubtful accounts are inherent in accounts receivable. As at December 31, 2022, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $nil (C$nil) (2021-$nil; C$nil).
As at December 31, 2022, the Company is exposed to concentration risk as it had four customers (2021-three customers) representing greater than 5% of total trade receivables and four customers (December 31, 2021-three customers) represented 90% (December 31, 2021 - 74%) of trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue. These customers accounted for 81% (44%, 20% and 17%) (2021-80%; 37%, 19%, 13% and 11%) of total revenue.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is unable to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company takes steps to ensure it has sufficient working capital and available sources of financing to meet future cash requirements for capital programs and operations. Management is considering all its options to refinance its obligations to PACE and repay other creditors. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 22.
The Company actively monitors its liquidity to ensure that its cash flows and working capital are adequate to support its financial obligations and the Company's capital programs. In order to continue operations, the Company will need to raise capital, repay PACE for all of its outstanding obligations and complete the refinancing of its real property and organic waste processing and composting facility. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 22.
Currency Risk
Although the Company's functional currency is the C$, the Company realizes a portion of its expenses in United States Dollars ("$"). Consequently, certain assets and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As at December 31, 2022, $80,843 (2021-$175,790) of the Company's net monetary liabilities were denominated in $. The Company has not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce the exposure to currency risk.
7. Prepaid Expenses and Deposits
Included in prepaid expenses and deposits are costs, primarily for professional services to be expensed as stock-based compensation after December 31, 2022, in the amount of $374,531 (December 31, 2021-$73,172) and for professional services to be expensed as professional fees after December 31, 2022 in the amount of $nil (December 31, 2021-$32,143). These professional services expire at varying periods to October 31, 2025 and expensed evenly over these periods based on the terms of the associated agreements. The professional services disclosed under stock-based compensation related to general corporate consulting, marketing, branding and commercialization to market, and general investor relations services. The common shares issued for professional services are also noted under capital stock, note 15. The balance consists of costs and deposits for services expiring or relating to periods after December 31, 2022, including insurance, rent, professional services retainers and deposits.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
8. Long-lived Assets, net
Cost
Accumulated
Net book value
Net book value
depreciation
Land $ 3,163,941
$ -
$ 3,163,941
$ 3,380,356
Property under construction
3,548,648
-
3,548,648
1,874,892
Composting buildings
2,238,614
702,958
1,535,656
1,784,200
Gore cover system
1,039,543
525,237
514,306
660,549
Driveway and paving
342,202
144,866
197,336
240,083
Machinery and equipment
566,959
538,923
28,036
64,282
Equipment under capital lease
287,679
248,105
39,574
134,487
Vacuum trailer
5,537
5,537
-
1,479
Signage
6,102
3,655
2,447
3,918
Automotive equipment
162,543
85,335
77,208
134,587
$ 11,361,768
$ 2,254,616
$ 9,107,152
$ 8,278,833
In the prior year, on August 17, 2021, the Company acquired the Hamilton Property assets, consisting of land, a vacant building and ECAs. The total purchase price including costs of acquisition of $175,615 (C$221,680) totaled $3,590,773 (C$4,532,633). The costs of acquisition, were settled through cash payments of $119,094 (C$150,333) and the issuance of 200,000 common shares valued based on the trading price on the issuance date at $56,521 (C$71,347) to a consultant who assisted on the closing of the transaction. The issuance of common shares is also noted under capital stock, note 15, common shares issued for professional services. The purchase of the Hamilton Property was funded by cash of $396,364 (C$500,333), the issuance of 300,000 common shares to the vendor on closing, having a value based on the trading price on the issuance date of $84,781 (C$107,020), the issuance noted above of 200,000 common shares to a consultant who assisted on the closing of the transaction disclosed as part of common shares issued for professional services, under capital stock, note 15, a vendor take-back 1st mortgage of $1,584,400 (C$2,000,000) and a portion of the increased existing 1st mortgage of $1,468,686 (C$1,853,933), disclosed under note 12(d), long-term debt. The cost of the purchase price was allocated ratably over the estimated fair value of each long-lived asset acquired, land of $1,724,979 (C$2,177,442), included above under land and building $1,556,002 (C$1,964,141), described above as property under construction.
Also included under property under construction, are construction costs incurred subsequent to the acquisition in the amount of $2,076,732 (C$2,812,857).
During the year ended December 31, 2022, depreciation is disclosed in cost of sales in the amount of $452,402 (C$588,146) (2021-$507,070; C$635,426) and in office and administration in the amount of $1,271 (C$1,652) (2021-$2,951; C$3,698) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
9. Related Party Transactions
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $369,216 (C$480,000) (2021-$287,280; C$360,000) respectively, in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and the president and chief executive officer (the "CEO"); and $92,304 (C$120,000) (2021-$76,608; C$96,000) in management fees expense with the Company's chief financial officer (the "CFO"). As at December 31, 2022, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $161,790 (C$219,138) (December 31, 2021-$14,755; C$18,706) is included in accounts payable and $22,705 (C$30,753) (2021-$nil; C$nil) in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.In the prior year, the amounts previous owed to the former chief executive officer in the amount of $310,428 (C$395,500), including the harmonized sales taxes, were settled for $225,435 (C$282,500) and paid on December 7, 2021. The amount over and above the settlement amount relating to management fees prior to 2020, $79,800 (C$100,000), was written off to management fees in the prior year in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred interest expense of $518 C$(674) (2021-$283; C$355) on the outstanding loan from the CFO.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $107,216 (C$139,386) (2021-$90,014; C$112,800) in rent expense paid under a lease agreement, currently under a month-to-month lease with Haute Inc. ("Haute"), an Ontario company controlled by the CEO.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
9. Related Party Transactions (continued)
For those independent directors providing their services throughout 2022, the Company recorded directors' compensation in the amount of $57,690 (C$75,000) (2021-$53,136; $66,587). As of December 31, 2022, outstanding directors' compensation of $121,226 (C$164,196) (2021-$70,358; C$89,196) is included in accrued liabilities, in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Furthermore, for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized management stock-based compensation expense of $240,450 (2021-$217,035), on the common stock issued to the CEO and the CFO, 1,000,000 (2021-1,000,000) and 50,000 (2021-50,000) common stock respectively, on their executive consulting agreements and $1,990 on 10,000 common stock issued to an employee.
10. Long-Term Debt
(a) PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022 $ 695,974
$ 750,465
(b) PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022
389,188
419,661
(c) PACE Corporate Term Loan-Due September 13, 2022
2,361,424
2,546,536
(d)i.) Mortgage Payable-Due December 1, 2023
3,782,751
4,010,966
(d)ii.) Mortgage Payable-Due August 17, 2023
1,476,600
1,577,600
(e) Canada Emergency Business Account-Due December 31, 2023
73,830
78,880
(f) Corporate Term Loan-Due April 7, 2025
89,659
133,584
8,869,426
9,517,692
Current portion
(8,816,931 )
(7,765,421 )
Long-Term portion $ 52,495
$ 1,752,271
On November 15, 2021 and March 15, 2022, the Company paid all arrears owing to PACE on each date and PACE agreed to allow the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Management has been in discussions with PACE to settle the Company's obligations to PACE. In addition, management continues to have discussions with equity investors and other creditors to repay outstanding obligations and accounts payable. In addition, the existing letter of credit, in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831) provided by PACE will continue until a replacement is obtained, but, in no case later than September 30, 2023. The Company has been in discussions with its Canadian chartered bank to replace the PACE letter of credit for the new financial assurance with the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (the "MECP") in the amount of $470,767 (C$637,637). On December 31, 2022, the Company is in arrears nine months for each of its obligations to PACE.
Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events, note 22(d).
The PACE long-term debt is payable as noted below:
(a) The credit facility bears interest at the PACE base rate of 11% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $6,470 (C$8,764) and matured on September 2, 2022. The first and only advance on the credit facility on February 2, 2017, in the amount of $1,181,280 (C$1,600,000), is secured by a business loan general security agreement, a $1,181,280 (C$1,600,000) personal guarantee from the CEO and a charge against the Haute leased premises. Also pledged as security are the shares of the wholly owned subsidiaries, and a limited recourse guarantee against each of these parties. As noted above, the pledged shares were delivered by PACE and are currently held as security for the personal guarantee from the CEO and charge against the Haute leased premises. On April 3, 2020, the pledged shares were delivered by PACE and are currently held as security for the personal guarantee from the CEO and charge against the Haute leased premises.
(b) The credit facility advanced on June 15, 2017, in the amount of $442,980 (C$600,000), bears interest at the PACE base of 11% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $3,618 (C$4,901), and matured on September 2, 2022. The credit facility is secured by a variable rate business loan agreement on the same terms, conditions and security as noted above.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
10. Long-Term Debt, (continued)
(c)
The corporate term loan advanced on September 13, 2017, in the amount of $2,749,538 (C$3,724,147), bears interest at PACE base rate of 11% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $21,936 (C$29,711), and matured on September 13, 2022. The corporate term loan is secured by a business loan general security agreement representing a floating charge over the assets and undertakings of the Company, a first priority charge under a registered debenture and a lien registered under the Personal Property Security Act in the amount of $2,953,922 (C$4,000,978) against the assets including inventory, accounts receivable and equipment. The corporate term loan also included an assignment of existing contracts included in the asset purchase agreement.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $357,038 (C$464,168) (2021-$318,714; C$399,391), in interest was incurred on the PACE long-term debt. As at December 31, 2022, $288,407 (C$390,636) (2021-$43,233; C$54,808) in accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
(d) i.) The Company obtained a 1st mortgage provided by private lenders to finance the acquisition of the shares of 1684567 and to provide funds for additional financing needs, including additional lands, received in four tranches totaling $3,839,160 (C$5,200,000) (December 31, 2021-$4,101,760; C$5,200,000). The fourth tranche was received on August 13, 2021 in the amount of $1,402,770 (C$1,900,000) and a portion of this fourth tranche, $1,368,759 (C$1,853,933), was used to fund a portion of the purchase of the Hamilton Property, described under long-lived assets, net note 8. The 1st mortgage is repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum (currently 12.50%) and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2022. The Company continues to be charged at the rate of 10% per annum. The 1st mortgage payable is secured by the shares held of 1684567, a 1st mortgage on the premises located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada and a general assignment of rents. Financing fees on the 1st mortgage totaled $318,217 (C$403,419). As at December 31, 2022 $31,555 (C$42,740) (December 31, 2021-$33,713; C$42,740) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2022 there is $56,409 (C$76,404) (December 31, 2021-$90,794; C$115,104) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets.
ii.) On August 17, 2021, the Company obtained a vendor take-back 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,476,600 (C$2,000,000), on the purchase of the Hamilton Property, described under long-lived assets, net note 8. The 1st mortgage bears interest at an annual rate of 2% per annum, repayable monthly interest only with a maturity date of August 17, 2023, secured by the assets on the Hamilton Property.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $430,772 (C$560,026) (2021-$308,101; C$385,978) in interest was incurred on the 1st mortgages payable.
(e) As a result of the COVID-19 virus, the Government of Canada launched the Canada Emergency Business Account (the "CEBA"), a program to ensure that small businesses have access to the capital they need to see them through the current challenges and better position them to quickly return to providing services to their communities and creating employment. The program is administered by Canadian chartered banks and credit unions.
The Company has received a total of $73,830 (C$100,000) under this program, from its Canadian chartered bank.
Under the initial term date of the loans, which is detailed in the CEBA term loan agreements, the amounts were due on December 31, 2022 and were interest-free. If the loans were not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company could have made payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025.
The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by December 31, 2023, 33.33% ($24,610; C$33,333), previously 25%, of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period are unchanged.
The CEBA term loan agreements contain a number of positive and negative covenants, for which the Company is not in full compliance.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
10. Long-Term Debt, (continued)
(f) On April 8, 2021, the Company took delivery of a truck and hauling trailer for a total purchase price of $161,199 (C$218,338) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes. The purchase was financed by a bank term loan of $147,660 (C$200,000), over a forty-eight-month term, bearing interest at 4.95% per annum with monthly blended instalments of principal and interest payments of $3,618 (C$4,901) due April 7, 2025.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $5,500 (C$7,150) (2021-$5,355; C$6,711) in interest was incurred.
11. Obligations under Capital Lease
(a)
(b)
Total
Total
Obligations under Capital Lease $ -
$ 121,758
$ 121,758
$ 221,133
Less: current portion
-
(57,275)
(57,275 )
(91,047 )
Long-term portion $ -
$ 64,483
$ 64,483
$ 130,086
Refer also to going concern, note 2.
(a) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic composting facility at a cost of $182,692 (C$247,450 ), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $3,778 (C$5,118), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of forty-six months plus the first two monthly blended installments of $7,383 (C$10,000) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of $18,221 (C$24,680) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2022. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 6.15% annually, compounded monthly, due January 27, 2022.
The final payment was made on June 7, 2022.
(b) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility at a cost of $287,679 (C$389,650), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $5,059 (C$6,852), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of fifty-nine months plus an initial deposit of $14,360 (C$19,450) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $74 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 3.59% annually, compounded monthly, due February 27, 2025.
The lease liabilities are secured by the equipment under capital lease as described in note 8.
Minimum lease payments as per the original terms of the obligations under capital lease are as follows:
In the year ending December 31, 2023 $ 60,709
In the year ending December 31, 2024
60,709
In the year ending December 31, 2025
5,132
126,550
Less: imputed interest
(4,792 )
Total $ 121,758
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $4,762 (C$6,191) (2021-$13,426; C$16,825) in interest was incurred.
12. Convertible Promissory Notes
(a) Convertible promissory note-March 31, 2021 $ -
$ 553,453
(b) Convertible promissory note-April 1, 2021
-
455,072
(c) Convertible promissory note-June 16, 2021
-
460,418
(d) Convertible promissory note-August 26, 2021
-
143,109
(e) Convertible promissory notes-October 28 and 29, 2021
2,599,925
1,852,495
(f) Convertible promissory note-December 2, 2021
-
333,969
(g) Convertible promissory notes-March 3 and 7, 2022
3,696,044
-
(h) Convertible promissory note- June 23, 2022
1,500,464
-
$ 7,796,433
$ 3,798,516
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
The convertible promissory notes are accounted for under the fair value option in the consolidated balance sheets. The actual principal outstanding on the balance of the notes as at December 31, 2022 is $5,825,260 (2021-$3,214,658).
(a)
On March 31, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "March 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "March 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the March 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "March 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $275,000. The March 2021 Investor Note includes an original issue discount of (the "OID") of $25,000. In addition, the March 31, 2021 Investor was issued 200,000 common shares immediately after the issue date. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the March 2021 Investor Note was September 30, 2021. The March 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "March 2021 Interest Rate"). The March 2021 Investor is entitled to, at its option, at any time after issuance of the March 2021 Investor Note, convert all or any amount of the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest of the March 2021 Investor Note into Common Stock, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share. Under the original terms of the March 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid until 180 days from its issue date at a prepayment premium of 120%. Any portion of the March 2021 Investor Note which is not repaid by the maturity date will bear interest at the default interest rate of 18% per annum.
On November 22, 2021, the March 2021 Investor extended the maturity date to March 31, 2022 in exchange for a payment of $486,474. On April 7, 2022, the March 2021 Investor extended the maturity date of the March 2021 Investor Note to April 30, 2022. On May 5, 2022, the March 2021 Investor converted a portion of his March 2021 Investor Note, in the amount of $300,000 for 1,500,000 common shares of the Company, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share as stipulated in the March 2021 SPA and forgave the balance of the March 2021 Investor Note.
Contemporaneously with the forgiveness of the remaining balance of the March 2021 Investor Note, the March 2021 Investor subscribed for 1,000,000 common shares of the Company that have a 6-month trading restriction for cash proceeds of $300,000. The shares were issued on May 3, 2022 at a price of $0.30 per share.
These transactions have been accounted for as a single transaction, that together resulted in the extinguishment of the March 2021 Investor Note. The shares issued as described above have been recognized at their respective fair values. The Company recognized a revaluation loss of $1,138,308 during the year ended December 31, 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $1,010,761, resulting in a net fair value loss of $127,547 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 5,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "March 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the March 2021 Investor Note.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
(b) On April 1, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "April 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "April 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the April 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "April 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $275,000. The April 2021 Investor Note includes an OID of $25,000. In addition, the April 2021 Investor was issued 200,000 common shares immediately subsequent to the issue date The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the April 2021 Investor Note was September 30, 2021. The April 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "April 2021 Interest Rate"). The April 2021 Investor is entitled to, at its option, at any time after issuance of the April 2021 Investor Note, convert all or any amount of the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest of the April 2021 Investor Note into Common Stock, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share. The original terms of the April 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid until 180 days from its issue date at a prepayment premium of 120%. Any portion of the April 2021 Investor Note which is not repaid by the maturity date will bear interest at the default interest rate of 18% per annum.
On December 9, 2021, the April 2021 Investor agreed to adjust the balance of the note, as it was past due, to $400,000. On January 4, 2022, the April 2021 Investor provided the Company with a request to convert the April 2021 Investor Note into 2,000,000 common shares of the Company issued on January 17, 2022, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share, as stipulated in the April 2021 SPA. On conversion, the fair value of the April 2021 Investor Note was $8,790 higher than the balance at December 31, 2021. This increase is included in the loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 5,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "April 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the April 2021 Investor Note.
(c)
On June 16, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "June 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "June 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the June 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "June 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $450,000. The June 2021 Investor Note includes an OID of $35,000. In addition, the June 2021 Investor was issued 1,000,000 common shares of the Company. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the June 2021 Investor Note is June 16, 2022. The June 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "June 2021 Interest Rate"), which shall be paid by the Company to the June 2021 Investor on a monthly basis, commencing on the first of the month following issuance. The June 2021 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default (as defined in the June 2021 Investor Note), with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from an event of default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price (i) during the previous twenty (20) trading day (as defined in the June 2021 Investor Note) period ending on the issuance date of the June 2021 Investor Note, or (ii) during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on date of conversion of the June 2021 Investor Note. The June 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid at any time in cash equal to the sum of (a) the then outstanding principal amount of the June 2021 Investor Note plus (b) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal balance of the June 2021 Investor Note plus (c) default interest (as defined in the June 2021 Investor note on the occurrence of a default), if any.
On June 23, 2022, the Company and the June 2021 Investor executed one convertible promissory note (the "June 2022 Investor Note") in the amount of $1,200,000, bearing interest at 10% and having an OID of 10%. The maturity date of the June 2022 Investor Note is the earlier of December 23, 2022 and the date of the Company's uplist to a national securities exchange. The proceeds from the June 2022 Investor Note were used to repay this investor's June 2021 Investor Note and their December 2021 Investor Note which matured June 2, 2022 and June 16, 2022 respectively. The net proceeds, after repaying the December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note and related disbursements totaled approximately $204,000. The net proceeds were received on June 28, 2022. In addition, the Company issued 1,333,333 common shares to the June 2022 Investor on June 29, 2022. which were included in the determination of the gain on extinguishment and recognized at fair value. The extinguishment is discussed under paragraph (h) below.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
The Company initially reserved 7,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "June 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the June 2021 Investor Note.
(d) On August 26, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "August 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "August 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the August 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "August 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $142,200. The August 2021 Investor Note included an OID of $13,450. In addition, the August 2021 Investor was issued 80,000 common shares of the Company. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the August 2021 Investor Note is August 26, 2022. The August 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "August 2021 Interest Rate"). The August 2021 Investor Note will include a one-time interest charge of $14,220, which shall be at repayable by the Company in 10 equal monthly amounts of $15,642 (including principal and interest) commencing October 15, 2021.
The August 2021 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default (as defined in the August 2021 Investor Note), with default interest accruing at the default interest rate of 22% per annum, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 75% (representing a 25% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price (i) during the previous five (5) trading day (as defined in the August 2021 Investor Note), period prior to conversion. The Company has the right to accelerate the monthly payments or prepay the August 2021 Investor Note at any time without penalty.
On May 5, 2022, the August 2021 Investor settled the balance of his August 2021 Investor Note for 141,878 common shares of the Company. The settlement was accounted for as an extinguishment because it was settled through the issuance of shares, which were recognized at their fair value in the determination of the gain on extinguishment. The Company recognized a revaluation loss of $1,615 during the year ended December 31, 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $18,311, resulting in a net fair value gain of $16,696 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 2,972,951 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "August 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the August 2021 Investor Note.
(e)
On October 28 and 29, 2021, the Company entered into two securities purchase agreement (the "October 2021 SPAs) with two investors (the "October 2021 Investors") pursuant to which the Company issued to the October 2021 Investors two 15% OID unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "October 2021 Investor Notes") in the principal amount of $1,765,118. The October 2021 Investor Notes are convertible, with accrued interest, from time to time on notice of a liquidity event (a "Liquidity Event"). A Liquidity Event is defined as a public offering of the Company's common stock resulting in the listing for trading of the common stock on any one of a number of exchanges. The October 2021 Investor Notes can be prepaid prior to maturity for an amount of 120% of the prepayment amount.
The maturity date of the October 2021 Investor Notes is the earlier of (i) July 28 and 29, 2022 and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, as described above (the "Maturity Date"). Upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, the October 2021 Investors are entitled to convert all or a portion of their October 2021 Investor Notes including any accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Liquidity Event.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the interest rate on the October 2021 Investor Notes will immediately accrue at 24% per annum and be paid in cash monthly to the October 2021 Investors, until the default is cured. And, the Conversion Price will be reset to 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price for the ten consecutive trading days ending on the trading day that is immediately prior to the applicable conversion date.
On May 11, 2022, the holder of the October 29, 2021 investor note, provided an amendment for an optional conversion of his investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of his investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in the amendment.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent a notice of default from one of the October 2021 Investors, whose investor note was issued on October 29, 2021. And, on September 15, 2022, the Company and the investor of the October 2021 investor note entered into an amendment to the October 2021 investor note which served as a cure to the previously issued default notice.
Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the October 29, 2021 investor, agreed that the outstanding principal amount of his October 29, 2021 investor note would increase by 10% to $1,618,100 from the previously issued principal amount of $1,471,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was changed to November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date would automatically be extended to January 15, 2023 provided that the October 29, 2021 investor does not notify the Company in writing prior to the maturity date that the automatic extension of the maturity date has been cancelled. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the October 29, 2021 investor note into shares of the Company's common stock.
Further, the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to convert more than $100,000 in any one conversion notice and the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to issue an additional conversion notice unless and until any previously issued conversion shares have been sold by the October 29, 2021 investor or exceed 10% of the daily trading volume in selling the shares of the Company's common stock.
On September 21, 2022 and November 10, 2022, the October 29, 2021 investor issued conversion notices to the Company and the Company issued 372,090 common shares at conversion prices ranging from $0.1885 to $0.2339 per share respectively, on the conversion of $25,000 and $50,000 respectively, of the October 29, 2021 investor note, have a fair market value of $97,129 on conversion. The October 29, 2021 investor has not informed the Company of an extension to the current maturity date, but continues to issue conversion notices to the Company.
On December 22, 2022, the October 28, 2021 investor, whose October 28, 2021 investor note had a previous Principal Amount of $294,118 and a maturity date of July 28, 2022, provided the Company with an amendment whereby the maturity date of his October 28, 2021 investor note was extended to the earlier of July 28, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In addition, the Company agreed that the investor could convert his October 28, 2021, investor note into shares of the Company's common stock at any time at the investor's option. Previously, the October 2021 Note was only convertible upon the occurrence of the Liquidity Event. The Company also agreed to change the conversion price to be the lowest trading bid price of the Company's common stock on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied with a 35% discount to that lowest price. Previously, the conversion price was a 30% discount to the price at which the securities were sold in connection with the Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to issue the investor 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized revaluation losses of $774,187 in consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 1,585,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "October 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to be issued upon conversion of the October 2021 Investor Notes.
(f) On December 2, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "December 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "December 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the December 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "December 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $350,000. The December 2021 Investor Note included an OID of $35,000. In addition, the December 2021 Investor was issued 857,143 common shares of the Company. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
The maturity date of the December 2021 Investor Note is June 2, 2022. The December 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "December 2021 Interest Rate"), which shall be paid by the Company to the December 2021 Investor on a monthly basis, commencing on the first of the month following issuance. The December 2021 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default (as defined in the December 2021 Investor Note), with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from the event of default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price (i) during the previous twenty (20) trading day (as defined in the December 2021 Investor Note) period ending on the issuance date of the December 2021 Investor Note, or (ii) during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on date of conversion of the December 2021 Investor Note. The December 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid at any time in cash equal to the sum of (a) the then outstanding principal amount of the December 2021 Investor Note plus (b) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal balance of the December 2021 Investor Note plus (c) default interest (as defined in the December 2021 Investor Note) on the occurrence of an event of default), if any.
As noted above under paragraph (c), on June 23, 2022, this December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note were fully repaid with accrued interest from a portion of the proceeds on the issuance of the June 2022 Investor Note in the principal amount of $1,200,000. The extinguishment is discussed under paragraph (h) below.
The Company initially reserved 5,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "December 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the December 2021 Investor Note.
(g) On March 3 and 7, 2022, the Company executed two unsecured convertible promissory notes with two investors (the "March 2022 Investors"), who purchased 25% original issue discount (the "OID") unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "The March 2022 Investor Notes") in the aggregate principal amount totaling $2,000,000 (the "Principal Amount") with such Principal Amount convertible into shares of the Company's common stock (the "Common Stock") from time to time triggered by the occurrence of certain events. The March 2022 Investor Notes carried an OID totaling $500,000 which is included in the principal balance of the Notes. The funds were received on March 7, 2022 and March 11, 2022 in the total amount of $1,425,000, net of the OID and professional fees.
The maturity date of the Notes is the earlier of (i) June 3 and 7, 2022, and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event (as defined in the Notes) (the "Maturity Date"). The final payment of the Principal Amount (and default interest, if any) shall be paid by the Company to the Investors on the Maturity Date. On an event of default, the principal amount of the March 2020 Investor Notes will increase to 120% of their original principal amounts. The Investors are entitled to, following an event of default, (as defined in the March 2022 Investor Notes) to convert all or any amount of the Principal Amount and any interest accruing at the default interest rate of 24% per annum into Common Stock, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at any national security exchange or over-the-counter marketplace for the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the March 2022 Investors' notice of conversion.
On May 11, 2022, the holder of the March 3, 2022 Investor Note and on May 13, 2022, the holder of the March 7, 2022 Investor Note, each provided an amendment for an optional conversion of their investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of his investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in amendment for each.
Further, on June 29, 2022, the March 2022 Investors revised their March 2022 Investor Notes, to extend the maturity date to August 15, 2022 and increase the principal amount of each of the March 2022 Investor Notes by twenty percent (20%), from a Principal Amount of $2,000,000 to $2,400,000. In addition, the Company agreed to issue 100,000 common shares to the March 2022 Investor. These restricted shares of the Company's common stock will survive a reverse stock split prior to listing. The common shares were issued on July 11, 2022. The restructurings were accounted for as extinguishments as they were renegotiated after maturity. The Company recognized revaluation losses on these notes of $3,811,516 during the year ended December 31 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $1,532,583, resulting in a net fair value loss of $2,278,933 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent notices of default from the March 2022 Investors. And, on September 15, 2022, the Company and the March 2022 Investors entered into an amendment to the March 2022 Investor Notes which served as a cure to the previously issued default notices.
Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the March 2022 Investors, agreed that the outstanding Principal Amount totaling $2,400,000 would increase by 10% to $2,640,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was now November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date was extended to January 15, 2023. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the March 2022 Investor Notes into shares of the Company's common stock only after the October 29, 2021 investor note, as described under paragraph (e) above, has been fully converted.
Further, in the event that the October 29, 2021 investor note has been fully converted and the conversion shares sold, thereafter, the March 2022 Investor Notes may both be converted at the March 2022 Investors' discretion on a pari-passu basis, provided, however, that no conversion shall exceed $50,000 for each of the March 2022 Investor Notes and each of the March 2022 Investors shall not sell more than 5% of the daily trading volume in selling the Company's shares of common stock.
(h)
On June 23, 2022, the Company executed one convertible promissory note (the "June 2022 Investor Note") with an investor (the "June 2022 Investor") in the amount of $1,200,000 bearing interest at 10% per annum and having an OID of 10%. The maturity date of the June 2022 Investor Note is the earlier of December 23, 2022 and the date of the Company's uplist to a national securities exchange. The proceeds from the June 2022 Investor Note were used to repay this investor's June 2021 Investor Note and their December 2021 Investor Note which matured June 16, 2022 and June 2, 2022 respectively, plus accrued interest. The net proceeds, after repaying the December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note with accrued interest and related disbursements totaled approximately $204,000. The net proceeds were received on June 28, 2022. In addition, the Company issued 1,333,333 common shares to the June 2022 Investor on June 29, 2022 which have been included in the determination of the extinguishment gain and recognized at fair value. The restructuring was accounted for as extinguishments as it was renegotiated after maturity. The Company recognized a revaluation loss of $2,588,954 during the year ended December 31, 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $1,713,165, resulting in a net fair value loss of $875,789 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The June 2022 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default ('Event of Default"), as defined in the June 2022 Investor Note, with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from the Event of Default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Event of Default.
On December 29, 2022, the Company and the investor agreed to extend the maturity date to the earlier of June 23, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to: (i) increase the principal amount to $1,320,000.00 (the "Increased Principal Amount"); (ii) that interest is payable on the Increased Principal Amount and that such interest (but not any default interest that becomes due) is paid in full and in advance by the Company issuing to the June 2022 Investor 450,000 shares of the Company's common stock and (iii) issue to the June 2022 Investor 666,667 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Modification Fee Shares"). The parties agreed that the Modification Fee Shares served as an increase in the amount of commitment fee shares issued to the investor pursuant to the securities purchase agreement signed by the Company and the June 2022 Investor on June 23, 2022, in connection with the issuance of the June 2022 Investor Note. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The Company initially reserved 8,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "June 2022 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the June 2022 Investor Note.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
Pursuant to the terms of the security purchase agreements for the convertible promissory notes described above, for so long as the noted investors own any shares of Common Stock issued upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes, the Company has covenanted to secure and maintain the listing of such shares of Common Stock. The Company is also subject to certain customary negative covenants under the investor notes and the security purchase agreements, including but not limited to the requirement to maintain its corporate existence and assets, require registration of or stockholder approval for the investor notes or the Common Stock upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes.
The convertible promissory notes described above, contain certain representations, warranties, covenants and events of default including if the Company is delinquent in its periodic report filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission which would increase the amount of the principal and interest rates under the convertible promissory notes in the event of such defaults. In the event of a default, at the option of the applicable investor and in their sole discretion, the applicable investor may consider any of their convertible promissory notes immediately due and payable.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 2,372,090 common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes, having fair values on conversion in the amount of $579,247, at conversion prices ranging from $0.1885 to $0.2339 per share. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued 3,767,029 common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes, in the amount of $809,901, including accrued interest and related costs of $68,901. The share conversion prices ranged from $0.156 to $0.26 per share (on the 2019 convertible promissory notes).
In addition, 3,975,211 share were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair value on issuance of $1,591,245.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred interest of $nil (2021-$104,412) (on the 2019 convertible promissory notes).
Refer also to going concern, note 2.
Fair value option for the 2022 and 2021 convertible promissory notes
The Company is eligible to elect the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments and bypass analysis of the potential embedded derivative features described above. The Company believes that the fair value option better reflects the underlying economics of the convertible promissory notes issued in 2021 and 2022. As a result, the 2021 and 2022 promissory notes were recorded at fair value upon issuance and subsequently remeasured at each reporting date until settled or converted. The Company recognized the notes initially at fair value, which exceeded the proceeds received resulting in a day one loss that has been recognized in net loss. Transaction and other issuance costs have been expensed as incurred. Subsequently, the Company recognizes the notes at fair value with changes in net loss.
Gains and losses attributable to changes in credit risk were insignificant during 2022 and 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a loss of $659,526 (2021-$244,729) at the time of issuance of the convertible promissory notes, and an additional loss of $7,663,844 (2021-$774,096) attributed to the change in fair value of the convertible promissory notes. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $101,000 (2021-$159,250) which were expensed as incurred.
13. Fair Value Measurement
The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation:
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021
Using
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets: $ -
-
-
$ -
-
Liabilities:
Convertible promissory notes
-
-
7,796,433
7,796,433
3,798,516
$ -
-
7,796,433
$ 7,796,433
3,798,516
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
13. Fair Value Measurement (continued)
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3. There were no other financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022.
The following table summarizes the change in Level 3 financial instruments during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Fair value at December 31, 2021 $ 3,798,516
$ -
Fair value at issuance
2,159,526
3,092,819
Repayments
(136,880 )
(68,399 )
Mark to market adjustment
7,663,844
774,096
Settlement
(5,688,573 )
-
Fair value at December 31, 2022 $ 7,796,433
$ 3,798,516
Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and subsequent financial reporting dates was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and at each reporting period was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company used a scenario-based binomial model to estimate the fair value of the convertible promissory notes. The model determines the fair value from a market participant's perspective by evaluating the payouts under hold, convert, or call decisions. The most significant estimates and assumptions used as inputs are those concerning type, timing and probability of specific scenario outcomes. Specifically, the Company assigned a probability of default, which would increase the required payout as described in Note 12 and calculated the fair value under each scenario.
At the issuance dates of the convertible promissory notes, the probability of default ("PD") was assumed to be 75% (2021-50%), except for those which were amended post maturity, which were assumed to be 100%. The probability of default was determined in reference to a 1-year PD rate for a 'CCC+' rating at issuance, and a combination of 'CC' and 'CCC-' credit ratings at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Increasing (decreasing) the probability of default would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Other significant unobservable inputs include the expected volatility and the credit spread. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility over a look-back period that was consistent with the balance-remaining term of the instruments. A range of 92% to 159% was used for the expected volatility (2021-95% to 160%). The discount for lack of marketability was determined using a range of option pricing methodologies using the remaining restriction term corresponding to each instrument on the relevant valuation date. The credit spread was determined in reference to credit yields of companies with similar credit risk at the date of valuation. A premium of 10% (2021-10%) was added to the credit spread as an instrument specific adjustment to reflect the Company's risk of default. A range of 24.4% to 25.6% (2021-15.25% to 18.39%) was used for the credit spread.
14. Loans Payable to Related Parties
Director $ 40,000
$ -
The loan owing to director was received by the Company on June 6, 2022, is unsecured, bearing interest at 5% per annum and due on demand.
During the year ended December 31, 2022 $1,134 was incurred on the director loan. As at December 31, 2022, $1,088 of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
December 31, 2021, $264 (C$331) of interest was incurred on loans from the CFO which were repaid during the year and $nil (C$nil) in interest was incurred on the loans payable to the CEO.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
14. Loans Payable to Related Parties, (continued)
During the year ended December 31, 2022, a director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $nil (C$nil) (2021-$371,001; C$461,620) of loans provided during the year and $33,371 (C$45,200) (2021-$80,323; C$101,700) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 193,778 (2021-1,726,076) common shares.
15. Capital Stock
As at December 31, 2022, the Company had 150,000,000 common shares authorized with a par value of $.0001 per share and 113,438,832 (December 31, 2021-92,983,547) common shares issued and outstanding.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 2,372,090 (2021-3,767,029) common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes, having a fair value on conversion in the amount of $579,247 (2021-$nil on the 2019 convertible promissory notes) for $579,247 (2021-$756,000, including accrued interest and related costs of $53,901, in total $809,901), including 372,090 common shares on the conversion of $75,000 of the October 29, 2021 convertible promisory note. The share conversion prices ranged from $0.1885 to $0.2339 (2021- $0.156 to $0.26) per share. And during the year, Travellers converted $nil (2021-$371,001; (C$461,620) of loans provided during the year and $33,371(C$45,200) (2021-$80,323; C$101,700) of accounts payable into 193,778 (2021-1,726,076) common shares of the Company. Any increase in the fair value over and above the principal amount of the convertible promissory note conversions is included in the loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes under other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company raised $907,760 (2021-$292,866) net of share issue costs of $1,440 (2021-$10,620), on a private placement for 4,444,041 (2021-1,195,348) common shares at issue prices ranging from $0.154 to $0.45 (2021-$0.25-$0.26) per share. Further, 6,655,000 (2021-1,658,832) common shares of the Company were issued for professional services valued at $2,186,110, (2021-$448,719) based on the closing trading prices on the effective date of the consulting agreements. A portion of the value of the professional services, $374,531 (2021-$73,172) is included in prepaid expenses and deposits and the balance relating to 2022 $2,092,230 (2021-$379,222), is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Further, a portion of the value of the professional services, $141,302 (C$178,367), in the year ended December 31, 2021 is disclosed as acquisition costs on the purchase of the Hamilton assets and financing cost on the mortgages payable in the consolidated balance sheets In addition, 4,125,211 share were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair value on issuance of $1,652,715 and 1,616,667 common shares were issued on the extension of the maturity dates on convertible promissory notes having a fair value on issuance of $231,067. Further, on September 8, 2022, 241,502 common shares were returned to treasury.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued several investor notes as described in note 12, convertible promissory notes, and issued a total of 2,337,143 common shares of the Company to the investors. This included 200,000 common shares to the March 2021 Investor, 200,000 common shares to the April 2021 Investor 1,000,000 common shares to the June 2021 Investor, 80,000 common shares to the August 2021 Investor and 857,143 common shares to the December 2021 Investor. For these 2,337,143 common shares, the Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares. In addition, the Company issued a total of 72,500 common shares to two consultants representing the October 2021 Investors, valued at $16,240, based on the closing trading price on issuance.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2021, pursuant to the December 8, 2021, minutes of settlement, the former chief executive officer returned 2,011,500 shares of the Company's Common Stock which the Company later canceled on December 29, 2021.
On January 3, 2022, the Company issued 1,000,000 (2021-1,000,000) common shares to the CEO and 50,000 (2021-50,000) common shares to the CFO in connection with their executive consulting agreements, valued at $240,450 (2021-$217,035), based on the closing trading price on issuance and included under management stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. Also, on January 17 and March 4, 2023, January 4, 2021, the Company issued 230,000 common shares on proceeds of $48,990 (2021-$8,580, previously received.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had a total of 750,000 (2021-280,000) common shares to be issued for professional services, priced at the trading price on the effective date of the consulting agreements, in total $213,600 (2021-$59,640).
On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 3,000,000 common shares to the CEO and 100,000 common shares to the CFO, in connection with their consulting agreements, effective January 1, 2023. And, on the same date, the Company issued 20,000 common shares to an employee.
Refer to note 22, subsequent events, for common shares issued to service providers for professional services after the year-end.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
16. Commitments
a) Effective January 1, 2023, new executive consulting agreements were finalized for the services of the CEO and the CFO, for two years and one year, respectively. The CEO's monthly fee is $29,532 (C$40,000) for 2023 and 2022 $36,915 (C$50,000) for 2023 and for the CFO $9,229 (C$12,500). The future minimum commitment under these consulting agreements, is as follows:
For the year ending December 31, 2023 $ 465,132
For the year ending December 31, 2024
442,980
$ 908,112
b) The Company has agreed to lease its office premises from Haute on a month-to-month basis, at the monthly rate of $6,645 (C$9,000). The Company is responsible for all expenses and outlays in connection with its occupancy of the leased premises, including, but not limited to utilities, realty taxes and maintenance.
c) Effective February 3, 2021, upon the successful completion of a Nasdaq listing, the Company has committed a payment of $300,000 to a consulting firm providing advisory and consulting services.
d) On November 5, 2021 the Company committed to the design and construction of its Hamilton, Ontario, Canada facility, including architectural and general contracting fees in the amount of $6,737,585 (C$9,125,809) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes.
e) Effective November 1, 2022, the Company acquired the exclusive rights to the use of a well-known athlete's name, endorsement and the like, for the purposes of advertisement, promotion and sale of the Company's products. In return, the Company issued 500,000 common shares of the Company and the individual's company is entitled to the following fees:
$125,000 sixty days subsequent to the Company's shares listed on the Nasdaq or another senior exchange.
$125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the first payment above and,
$125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the second payment above.
There is also an arrangement to issue 250,000 warrants to the company once the Company's shares are listed on the Nasdaq or another major exchange.
f) The Company was assigned the land lease on the purchase of certain assets of Astoria Organic Matters Ltd., and Astoria Organic Matters Canada LP. The land lease, which comprises 13.88 acres in Roslin, Ontario, Canada, has a term expiring March 31, 2034. The basic monthly rent on the net lease is $2,215 (C$3,000) and is subject to adjustment based on the consumer price index as published by Statistics Canada ("CPI"). To date, no adjustment for CPI has been charged. The Company is also responsible for any property taxes, maintenance, insurance and utilities. In addition, the Company has the right to extend the lease for five further terms of five years each and one further term of five years less one day. As the Company acquired the business of 1684567, the previous landlord, in 2019, there are no future commitments for this lease. The Company is responsible through a special provision of the site plan agreement with the City of Belleville (the "City"), Ontario, Canada, that it is required to fund road maintenance required by the City through to September 30, 2025 at an annual rate of $7,383 (C$10,000). The future minimum commitment is as follows:
For the year ending December 31, 2023 $ 7,383
For the year ending December 31, 2024
7,383
For the year ending December 31, 2025
7,383
$ 22,149
PACE had provided the Company a letter of credit in favor of the MECP in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831) and, as security, has registered a charge of lease over the organic waste processing and composting facility, located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario,
Canada. The current PACE letter of credit will expire on September 30, 2023, or sooner, once the Company arranges with its financial institution for a new letter of credit, with the new amount of $470,767 (C$637,637) as notified by the MECP.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
16. Commitments, (continued)
The letter of credit is a requirement of the MECP and is in connection with the financial assurance provided by the Company for it to be in compliance with the MECPs environmental objectives. The MECP regularly evaluates the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility to ensure compliance is adhered to and the letter of credit is subject to change by the MECP. The Company has updated its financial assurance with the MECP which is based on the estimated environmental remediation and clean-up costs for its organic waste processing and composting facility. As a result of audits conducted by the MECP in December of 2020, the Company has accrued estimated and actual costs for corrective measures because of the MECP's audits totaling $676,635, (C$904,287) (2021-$334,498; C$424,059). As at December 31, 2022, the MECP has not drawn on the letter of credit.
17. Other Expenses
(a) Gain on forgiveness of convertible promissory notes $ -
$ 420,216
(b) Gain on disposal of long-lived assets
-
44,591
(c) Impairment loss on ECAs
-
(457,853 )
(d) Impairment loss on trademarks
-
(48,374 )
(e) Impairment loss on customer lists
-
(7,027 )
(f) Settlement payment
(250,000 )
-
(g) Other revenue-carbon credits
131,020
-
(h) Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes
4,274,820
-
(i) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes
(8,323,370 )
(1,018,825 )
$ (4,167,530 ) $ (1,067,272 )
(a) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the settlement of the March 2019 Investor Notes resulted in a forgiveness of $196,397, including accrued interest and related costs and on the settlement of the May 2019 Investor Note, the July 2019 Investor Note and the October 2019 Investor Note, $223,819, including accrued and related costs.
(b) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company disposed of certain long-lived assets for proceeds of $48,727 (C$61,062) and realized a gain on disposal of $44,591 (C$55,879).
(c) On December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss on its ECAs in the amount of $457,853 (C$573,751).
(d) On December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss on its customer lists in the amount of $48,374 (C$60,619).
(e) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss on its customer lists of $7,027 (C$8,806).
(f) Accrued a settlement payment for the release of services of a party for an underwriting offering dated March 23, 2022 and amended May 23, 2022.
(g) Proceeds on the sale of carbon credits on the Greenhouse Gas Clean Projects® Registry, including the harmonized sales tax, in total $142,105 (C$192,476).
(h) Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes.
(i) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes.
18. Income Taxes
The Company's income tax provision has been calculated as follows:
Loss before income taxes $ (12,082,636 ) $ (4,901,397 )
Expected income tax recovery at the statutory rate of 21% (2021-21%)
(2,537,354 )
(1,029,293 )
Foreign tax rate differences
(133,836 )
(144,045 )
Prior year adjustments
50,972
62,575
Foreign exchange effect on deferred tax assets and other
112,591
1,702
Permanent differences
1,545,782
163,693
Change in valuation allowance
889,757
909,826
Provision for income taxes $ (72,088 ) $ (35,542 )
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
18. Income Taxes, (continued)
The Company's income tax provision is allocated as follows:
Current Tax (recovery)
-
(26,505 )
Deferred Tax (recovery)
(72,088 )
(9,037 )
$ (72,088 ) $ (35,542 )
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are presented below:
Net operating loss carry forwards $ 3,742,661
$ 2,836,838
Financing costs
84,502
31,614
Depreciable and amortizable assets
9,123
(67,349 )
Land
(171,469 )
(184,369 )
Convertible promissory notes
(110,924 )
110,026
Other timing differences
136,549
-
Total gross deferred income tax assets
3,690,442
2,726,760
Less: valuation allowance
3,690,442
(2,800,685 )
Total deferred income tax liabilities $ -
$ (73,925 )
Movement in deferred income tax liabilities:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ (73,925 ) $ (82,501 )
Recognized in profit/loss
72,088
9,037
Recognized in OCI
1,837
(461 )
Balance at the end of the year $ -
$ (73,925 )
As at December 31, 2022 and 2021, the valuation allowance was due to the history of losses generated. The valuation allowance is reviewed periodically and if the assessment of the more likely than not criteria changes, the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly.
Potential benefits of income tax losses are not recognized in the accounts until realization is more likely than not. The Company computes tax asset benefits for net operating losses ("NOL") carried forward.
The Company has US NOL available for carry forward of $5,537,874 (2021-$3,400,418) which can be carried forward indefinitely and Canadian NOL available for carry forward of $9,734,745 (C$13,185,352) (2021-$7,918,029; C$10,038,069) which expire in the years 2036 through 2042.
19. Segmented Information
ASC 280-10, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
The Company uses a management approach for determining segments. The management approach designates the internal organization that is used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company's reportable segments. The Company's management reporting structure provides for only one segment: renewable energy and operates in one country, Canada.
20. Economic Dependence
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company generated 84% (2021-69%) of its revenue from three (2021-three) customers.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
21. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from the ordinary course of business. Management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
The Company has a claim against it for unpaid legal fees in the amount of $48,167 (C$65,241). The amount is included in accounts payable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets
22. Subsequent Events
The Company's management has evaluated subsequent events up to the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, pursuant to the requirements of ASC 855 and has determined the following to be material subsequent events:
(a) On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 3,000,000 common shares to the CEO and 100,000 common shares to the CFO, in connection with their consulting agreements, effective January 1, 2023. And, on the same date, the Company issued 20,000 common shares to an employee.
(b) On January 10, 2023, February 10, 2023 and March 9, 2023 and April 4, 2023, one of the October 2021 Investors provided the Company with notices of conversion totaling $193,100 for his October 2021 investor note, in exchange for 1,424,465 common shares of the Company at conversion prices ranging from $0.1333 to $0.1990 per share.
(c) On January 27, 2023 and February 1, 2023, the Company issued 910,000 common shares to three consultants for various business consulting, valued at $253,080, based on the trading price at the close of business on the effective date of the consulting agreements. And, on March 1, 2023, 100,000 common shares to the newly appointed director
(d) On March 28, 2023, the Company and PACE finalized a full and final mutual release of all the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in exchange for an amount of $922,875 (C$1,250,000). The funds are being held in escrow by the Company's Canadian legal counsel. The funds will be released to PACE once the letter of credit, in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831) is released by the MECP to PACE. On December 31, 2022, prior to this full and final mutual release, the obligations owing to PACE, included under long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $3,446,586 (C$4,668,273). The Company raised the funds by securing a 2nd. mortgage in the amount of $1,107,450 (C$1,500,000) prior to disbursements of $184,575 (C$250,000), on its Belleville, Ontario Canada property.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of senior management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, also our principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2022 (the "Evaluation Date"). Based on this evaluation, Marc Hazout, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2022. Such conclusions were noted below.
Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The framework used by management to evaluate internal controls over financial reporting is Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), as implemented by their subsequent publication Internal Control over Financial Reporting - Guidance for Smaller Public Companies. Based on this evaluation, Marc Hazout, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2022. The matters involving internal controls over financial reporting that may be considered material weaknesses included the small size of the Company and the resulting lack of a segregation of duties.
Management has engaged the services of specialists to assist with certain material weaknesses noted above and increasing its internal accounting staff to improve its internal controls over financial reporting.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission which permanently exempt smaller reporting companies.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
Not applicable
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Our Board of Directors consisted of three independent directors and one director who is from management at December 31, 2022. Subsequent to the year-end, on February 24, 2023, a new director was appointed. For the size and scope of our business and operations, we believe a board of approximately five members is more appropriate and small enough to allow for effective communication among the members but large enough so that we get a diverse set of perspectives and experiences around our board room. Our bylaws provide that, in uncontested elections, directors will be elected by a majority of the votes cast, and in contested elections, directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.
Each director on our Board of Directors will serve a one-year term or until their successor has been duly elected and qualified, subject to their earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Pursuant to the DGCL and our bylaws, in general, any vacancies on our Board of Directors resulting from death, retirement, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause may be filled only by an affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:
Name
Age
Position
Marc M. Hazout
Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Ike Makrimichalos
Chief Financial Officer
Andrea Calla
Director
Gary Herman
Director
Susan Harte
Director
Bruce Rintoul
Director
We believe that each of our directors and executive officers possesses the experience, skills and qualities to fully perform his duties as a director or executive officer and contribute to our success. Our directors were nominated because each is of high ethical character, highly accomplished in his field with superior credentials and recognition, has a reputation, both personal and professional, that is consistent with our image and reputation, has the ability to exercise sound business judgment, and is able to dedicate sufficient time to fulfilling his obligations as a director. Our directors as a group complement each other and each of their respective experiences, skills and qualities so that collectively the Board operates in an effective, collegial and responsive manner. Similarly, for the executive officers. Described below, are the directors' and executive officers' principal occupations and other pertinent information about particular experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that led the Board and management to conclude that such person should serve as a director or executive officer.
Marc M. Hazout, age 58, founded SusGlobal Energy Corp. in 2014, and currently serves as Chairman, President and CEO. Mr. Hazout brings over 25 years of experience in public markets, finance and business operations to SusGlobal Energy Corp. Over the past several years Mr. Hazout has been involved in acquiring, restructuring and providing management services, as both a Director and an Officer, to several publicly traded companies. In 1998, Mr. Hazout founded and has been President and CEO of Travellers International Inc., a private equity firm headquartered in Toronto. Travellers has been involved in a multitude of successful capital market transactions over the past two decades. Mr. Hazout attended York University in Toronto studying International Relations and Economics. Mr. Hazout speaks English, French, and Hebrew.
The determination was made that Mr. Hazout should serve on our Board of Directors because he possesses significant experience in securities and capital markets.
Ike Makrimichalos, age 67, is a Chartered Professional Accountant (Chartered Accountant), with over 25 years of experience in servicing public and private companies, including manufacturing, automotive, technology & telecommunications and insurance, for Deloitte LLP in Toronto. Mr. Makrimichalos has served as a Chief Financial Officer and Controller in the mining sector for companies with global operations and multiple filing jurisdictions and currently also serves as a Chief Financial Officer in the financial services sector, along with providing financial consulting services for several private companies. Mr. Makrimichalos graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Arts degree.
The determination was made that Mr. Ike Makrimichalos join the executive team because he possesses significant experience in financial reporting and accounting matters.
Independent Directors
Andrea Calla, age 70, has been a member of the Board since November 14, 2018. Mr. Calla is President and CEO of the Calla Group and is an accomplished professional with over 35 years of experience in business, more recently a senior executive for ten years with The Tridel Group, one of Canada's largest community builders/developers. He was actively involved in the different company divisions and all facets of the industry. He is also Managing Partner of The Callian Capital Group, a globally active Toronto-based investment and capital management firm. Mr. Calla has held key leadership and entrepreneurial roles driving innovative, practical and effective changes to improve quality of life through various company start-ups across diverse industries, some include: Chairman, Deep Geo Inc., a global nuclear waste management company, Chairman & Co-Founder of TransAsia Investment Partners, Hong Kong, Founding Director of 350 Capital, a "cleantech" investment company, Co-Founder of Nordicon, a design-build company, Canada, US, Mid-East, Founding member of Novator, pioneer in e-commerce and AI, helped make it the 14th fastest growing company in Canada, reported by Profit 100 magazine, Board of Sumbola, an innovative internet e-publishing company, Co-Founder, Board member of Twin Hills Resources, developer of partial upgrading cavitation technology, reducing the viscosity of oil sands bitumen to flow through pipelines without having to be blended with diluent, Board of SEL Global, an innovative Mobile Shopping Solutions Software and Advertising company, software developed in Silicon Valley, Advisory Board of Magnovate, innovative Magnetic Levitation transportation systems, Co-Founder of Fusion Sailboats, designed, developed, manufactured and distributed the Fusion 15, winner of Sailing World's "International Boat of the Year" in 2003, Advisory Board of Dorsay Development Corp., currently planning a purpose-built community in the GTA with a ground-breaking model in place-making. The over 1,200-acre community will combine global best practices in creating a sustainable community that is economically, environmentally, socially healthy and resilient. Throughout his career, Andrea has been committed to City and Community building, improving the quality of life in urban regions and continually driving innovative, practical and effective change in different sectors through his leadership and entrepreneurial skills. Andréa holds a Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Toronto, a Master of Science from Columbia University, New York and an Executive MBA from Ivey School of Business, Western University.
The determination was made that Mr. Calla should serve on our Board of Directors due to his extensive technical and business experience which will be extremely valuable as the Company continues to grow.
Gary Herman, age 58, has been a member of the Board since April 20, 2021. Mr. Herman is a seasoned investor with many years of investment and advisory experience. Since 2005, Mr. Herman has managed Strategic Turnaround Equity Partners, LP (Cayman) and its affiliates. From January 2011 to August 2013, he was a managing member of Abacoa Capital Management, LLC, which managed, Abacoa Capital Master Fund, Ltd. focused on a Global-Macro investment strategy. From 2005 to 2020, Mr. Herman was affiliated with Arcadia Securities LLC, a FINRA-registered broker-dealer. From 1997 to 2002, he was an investment banker with Burnham Securities, Inc. From 1993 to 1997, he was a managing partner of Kingshill Group, Inc., a merchant banking and financial firm with offices in New York and Tokyo. Mr. Herman has a B.S. from the University at Albany with a major in Political Science and minors in Business and Music. Mr. Herman has many years of experience serving on the boards of private and public companies. He presently sits on the board of Jupiter Wellness, Inc. (NASDAQ: JUPW) as well as the Board and Audit Chairperson of: XS Financial, Inc. (CSE: XS).
We believe that these experiences make Mr. Herman well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.
Susan Harte, age 57, has been a member of the Board since June 1, 2021. Ms. Harte is a nationally recognized leader in site selection, location economics and incentives. She is currently a principal of the international site selection consulting firm Hickey & Associates. For over 25 years, she has combined her expertise in commercial real estate, site selection and economic development, to assist her clients with leveraging location as a competitive advantage. Throughout her practice, Ms. Harte has led her clients to achieving better business outcomes by integrating strategic planning techniques and implementation frameworks to drive internal stakeholder consensus around location decisions. She has managed major site selection projects for many Fortune 500 companies involving complex multi-jurisdictional competitive strategies. Pursuant to this work, she has structured, negotiated and secured over US$1billion in location incentives such as real estate and personal property tax abatements, sales tax exemptions, grants and specialty bond financing for her clients' projects. Prior to her current position, Ms. Harte was a Senior Vice President at CBRE, the world's largest commercial real estate services and investment firm, in the global Location Advisory and Transactions Services group. She previously was Director of the Business Economic Incentives Practice at Jones Lang LaSalle having joined the company after seven years with the New York City boutique law firm of Stadtmauer Bailkin. She also served a term as the Director of National Incentives Practice at, Grant Thornton one of the largest accounting firms in the world and as Director of Industry Development at Empire State Development Corporation, New York State's economic development agency.
We believe that these experiences make Ms. Harte well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.
Bruce Rintoul, age 63, has been a member of the Board since February 22, 2023. Bruce Rintoul served as Senior Vice President of Operations at Veolia North America and previously held senior executive positions with environmental and industrial corporations such as Philip Services Corporation, The Churchill Corporation, RSC Equipment Rental, CEDA International Corporation, and Strike Energy Services. Rintoul also previously served on the Board of Directors for CEDA International Corporation in addition to his CEO and President responsibilities. He left Veolia in March 2022 after more than 6 years with Veolia in Houston, Texas and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. As Senior VP of Operations at Veolia, he led the transformation of U.S. and Canadian energy generation, water/wastewater management, hazardous waste, and environmental service businesses through structural changes, business process improvements, and data management system implementations. The resulting operational and financial performance improvement subsequently facilitated the divestment of several Veolia businesses in North America. He graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a B.Sc. in Civil Engineering and is a Licensed Professional Engineer in Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. He received his MBA from the University of Western Ontario, his ICD-DEP from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management, and his ICD.D from the Institute of Corporate Directors, Calgary, Alberta.
We believe that Bruce's strong strategic, operational, and business leadership experience in energy, waste and water markets across North America makes him well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.
Director Compensation Policy
The Company's current director compensation policy includes a fee of $19,230 (C$25,000) to all independent directors annually. The director compensation for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Director Compensation
Name
Fees
earned or
paid in
cash ($)
Stock
awards ($)
Option
awards ($) Non-equity
incentive
plan
compensation
($)
Nonqualified
deferred
compensation
earnings ($)
All other
compensation ($)
Total ($)
(a) (b)(ii) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)
Marc Hazout - - - - - - -
Andrea Calla 2022-$19,230(ii) (C$25,000)
2021-$19,950(ii) (C$25,000) - - - - 2022-$19,230 (C$25,000)
2021-$19,950 (C$25,000)
Gary Herman(i) 2022-$19,230(ii) (C$25,000)
$13,883(ii) (C$17,397) 2022-$105,750(i) - - - - 2022-$19,230 (C$25,000) and $105,750
2021- $13,883 (C$17,397)
Susan Harte 2022-$19,230(ii) (C$25,000)
$11,637(ii) (C$14,583) - - - - 2022-$19,230 (C$25,000)
2021-$11,637 (C$14,583)
(i) The fee for the stock award is in the name of a companies for whom the director is a shareholder.
(ii) The fees earned for services are unpaid at December 31, 2022 and at the date of this filing.
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer and President, and Chief Financial Officer, as well as other officers, directors and employees of the Company. The code of ethics, entitled "Code of Conduct," is posted on our website at www.susglobalenergy.com under the section "Corporate Governance" within the "Investor Relations" tab.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company's executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of the Company's common stock, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership on Forms 3, 4 and 5 with the SEC.
Based solely on the Company's review of the copies of such Forms and written representations from certain reporting persons, the Company believes that all filings required to be made by the Company's Section 16(a) reporting persons during the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 were made on a timely basis.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth certain summary information with respect to the compensation paid to the Company's Chief Executive Officer and President (Marc Hazout) and Chief Financial Officer (Ike Makrimichalos) for services rendered in all capacities to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Messers. Hazout and Makrimichalos constituted our named executive officer for each of 2022 and 2021:
Summary Compensation Table
Name and Year Salary Bonus Stock Option Non-equity Nonqualified All other Total
principal ($) ($) awards awards incentive deferred compensation ($)
position ($) ($) plan compensation ($)
Compensation earnings
($) ($)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
Marc Hazout
Chairman,
President and
Chief Executive Officer 2022 369,216 (C$480,000) - 229,000 - - - - 598,216
287,280 (C$229,249)
-
206,700
-
-
-
-
493,980
Ike
Makrimichalos,
Chief Financial
Officer 2022 92,304 (C$120,000) - 11,450 - - - - 103,754
76,608 (C$96,000)
-
10,335
-
-
-
-
86,943
(e) Stock Awards
The grant date fair values of the stock awards were computed in accordance ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.
Consulting and Management Agreements
The Company entered into an Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement (the "CEO's Consulting Agreement"), by and among the Company, Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), and the CEO, who is also a director, the Executive Chairman and President of the Company, effective January 1, 2021 (the "Effective Date"). The CEO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2020.
Pursuant to the terms of the CEO's Consulting Agreement, for his services as the CEO, the compensation is at a rate of $23,076 (C$30,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning on the Effective Date, January 1, 2021, and at a rate of $30,768 (C$40,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning January 1, 2022. In addition, the Company granted the CEO 1,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") on the Effective Date, and 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock on January 1, 2022. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CEO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CEO.
The CEO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twenty-four (24) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CEO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CEO will be entitled to a compensation of twelve (12) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.
The Company entered into a new CEO's Consulting Agreement, by and among the Company, Travellers, and the CEO, who is also a director, the Executive Chairman and President of the Company, effective January 1, 2023 (the "Effective Date"). This new CEO Consulting Agreement replaced the previous CEO Consulting Agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.
Pursuant to the terms of the CEO's Consulting Agreement, for his services as the CEO, the compensation is at a rate of $30,768 (C$40,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning on the Effective Date, January 1, 2023, and at a rate of $38,460 (C$50,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning January 1, 2024. In addition, the Company granted the CEO 3,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") on the Effective Date. These restricted shares of Common Stock were issued on January 3, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CEO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CEO.
The Company entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement (the "CFO Consulting Agreement"), by and between the Company and the CFO of the Company, effective January 1, 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the CFO Consulting Agreement, the CFO is entitled to fees of $6,154 (C$8,000) per month for his services. In addition, the Company granted the CFO 50,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share on the Effective Date. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CFO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO. The CFO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2020.
The CFO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twelve (12) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CFO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CFO will be entitled to a compensation of two (2) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.
On January 26, 2022, SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Company") entered into a CFO Consulting Agreement by and between the Company and the CFO, effective January 1, 2022. Pursuant to the terms of the Makrimichalos Consulting Agreement, Makrimichalos will be entitled to fees of $7,692 C$10,000 per month, plus the applicable Harmonized Sales Tax, for his services as Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The Company has also agreed to reimburse Makrimichalos for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Makrimichalos. In addition to the monthly fees, Makrimichalos was awarded 50,000 Restricted Common Shares of the Company on each Effective Date. The CFO Consulting Agreement replaced the previous consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2021
The Company entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement (the "CFO Consulting Agreement"), by and between the Company and the CFO of the Company, effective January 1, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the CFO Consulting Agreement, the CFO is entitled to fees of $9,615 (C$12,500) per month for his services. In addition, the Company has also granted the CFO 100,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share on the Effective Date. These restricted shares of Common Stock were issued on January 3, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CFO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO. This CFO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.
The Makrimichalos Consulting Agreement is for a term of twelve (12) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the Makrimichalos Consulting Agreements) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, Makrimichalos will be entitled to a compensation of two (2) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of SusGlobal Energy Corp's securities as of the date of this filing:
• by each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our securities;
• by each of our officers and directors; and
• by all of our officers and directors as a group.
Amount And
Title of Class Name And Nature Of Approximate
Address of Beneficial Beneficial Percent of
Owner (1) Ownership (2) Class (%)
Common Marc Hazout 21,004,846(3) 17.65
Common Ike Makrimichalos 750,000 0.63
Common Andrea Calla 133,992(4) 0.11
Common Susan Harte 50,000 0.04
Common
Common Gary Herman
Bruce Rintoul 750,000(5)
100,000(6) 0.63
0.09
All officers and directors as a group
Common (6 persons) 22,788,838 19.15%
(1) Except as noted above, the address for the above identified officers and directors of the Company is c/o 200 Davenport Road, Toronto, ON, Canada M5R 1J2.
(2) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to the shares shown. Except where indicated by footnote and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of voting securities shown as beneficially owned by them. Percentages are based upon the assumption that each shareholder has exercised all of the currently exercisable options he or she owns which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days and that no other shareholder has exercised any options he or she owns.
(3) The shares are in the name of Travellers International Inc., a company controlled by Marc Hazout the president and chief executive officer.
(4) The shares are in the name of the Calla Group, a company for whom the director is the president and chief executive officer.
(5) The shares are in the names of 720 Advisors, LLC and GH Ventures, LLC, companies for whom the director is a shareholder.
(6) The shares are in the name of Allorian Group Ltd., a company controlled by Bruce Rintoul.
The above-referenced table is based on 118,993,297 issued and outstanding shares of common stock on the date of this filing.
EQUITY
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 113,438,832 common shares issued and outstanding. At the date of this filing, the Company had 118,993,297 common shares issued and outstanding.
STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
As at December 31, 2022, and the date of this filing, the Company has no stock options or warrants outstanding.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Related Party Transactions
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $369,216 (C$480,000) (2021-$287,280; C$360,000) respectively, in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and the president and chief executive officer (the "CEO"); and $92,304 (C$120,000) (2021-$76,608; C$96,000) in management fees expense with the Company's chief financial officer (the "CFO"). As at December 31, 2021, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $161,790 (C$219,138) (December 31, 2021-$14,755; C$18,706) is included in accounts payable and $22,705 (C$30,753) (2021-$nil; C$nil) in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In the prior year, the amounts previous owed to the former chief executive officer in the amount of $310,428 (C$395,500), including the harmonized sales taxes, were settled for $225,435 (C$282,500) and paid on December 7, 2021. The amount over and above the settlement amount relating to management fees prior to 2020, $79,800 (C$100,000), was written off to management fees in the prior year in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred interest expense of $518 C$(674) (2021-$283; C$355) on the outstanding loan from the CFO.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $107,216 (C$139,386) (2021-$90,014; C$112,800) in rent expense paid under a lease agreement, currently under a month-to-month lease with Haute Inc. ("Haute"), an Ontario company controlled by the CEO.
For those independent directors providing their services throughout 2022, the Company recorded directors' compensation in the amount of $57,690 (C$75,000) (2021-$53,136; $66,587). As of December 31, 2022, outstanding directors' compensation of $121,226 (C$164,196) (2021-$70,358; C$89,196) is included in accrued liabilities, in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Furthermore, for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized management stock-based compensation expense of $240,450 (2021-$217,035), on the common stock issued to the CEO and the CFO, 1,000,000 (2021-1,000,000) and 50,000 (2021-50,000) common stock respectively, on their executive consulting agreements and $1,990 on 10,000 common stock issued to an employee.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The aggregate fees billed by the Company's external auditors in each of the last two fiscal years are as follows:
2022 2021
Audit fees(1) $91,488 $95,632
Audit-related fees(2) $107,164 $82,527
Tax fees $33,292 $27,469
All other fees(3) $37,747 $17,931
Total $269,691 $223,559
(1)
Audit fees consisted of the audit work on annual financial statements.
(2)
Audit-related fees consist principally of reviews of quarterly financial statements.
(3)
All other fees relate to reviews of registration statements.
The Audit Committee Charter provides that the Audit Committee is responsible for the pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services to be provided to the Company by the independent public accountants. The Audit Committee has not, however, adopted any specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) (1) Consolidated Financial Statements:
The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed separately in the Index to Financial Statements.
(a) (2) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules:
None
(a) (3) Exhibits:
Exhibit No. Description
3.1 Form of Certificate of Incorporation of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Post Effective Amendments for Registration Statement filed with the SEC on June 7, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2 Form of Bylaws of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's S-4/A filed with the SEC on December 23, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.1 Specimen Common Stock certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's S-4/A filed with the SEC on December 23, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.2 Description of Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's 10-K filed with the SEC on April 15, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.3 Form of Collateralized Secured Promissory Note, issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 7, 2019 (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.4 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 31, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant's 10-K filed with the SEC on April 15, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.5 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on June 18, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.6 Mortgage Increase. (Filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant's Form 8-K. (filed with the SEC on August 20, 2021).
4.7 Mortgage, dated August 17, 2021. (Filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on August 23, 2021)
4.8 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on November 3, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.9 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on December 2, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on December 8, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.10 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.10 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
4.11 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.11 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
4.12 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on June 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.12 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
4.13 Amendments to the OID Convertible Promissory Notes, dated September 15, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.13 to the Registrant's Form 8-K Filed with the SEC on September 21, 2022.
4.14 Amendments to the OID Convertible Promissory notes, dated December 22, 2022 and December 29, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.14 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 5, 2023 and incorporated by reference).
10.1 Loan/Mortgage Commitment between Table Rock Holdings Inc., 1916761 Ontario Limited and D&D Brannan Consultants Inc., (the lenders) and 1684567 Ontario Inc., and SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. (the borrowers) and SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the guarantor) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).)
10.2 General Security Agreement between Table Rock Holdings Inc., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., Canadian Western Trust Company, Giovanni and Assunta Paglia, Bob MacNelly and Shanna Young (the Secured Party), 1684567 Ontario Inc. (the Debtor) and SusGlobal Energy Corp., (the Guarantor) (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 7, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).).
10.3 Guarantee by and between SusGlobal Energy Corp., and Private Lenders, dated August 13, 2021. (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 20, 2021).
10.4 Form of Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Investors. (Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021).
10.5 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, effective March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022).
10.6 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, signed in June 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.7** Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., Travellers International Inc. and Marc Hazout effective January 3, 2023.
10.8** Executive Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Ike Makrimichalos effective January 1, 2023.
10.9** Mortgage Commitment between R. Williamson Consultants Ltd., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., and Canadian Western Trust Company (the lenders") and 1684567 Ontario Inc. (the "borrower") and SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "guarantor"), on March 1, 2023.
14.1 Code of Ethics. (Filed as Exhibit 14.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 21 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 14, 2022).
31.1* Certification by the Principal Executive Officer of Registrant pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)).
31.2* Certification by the Principal Financial Officer of Registrant pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)).
32+ Certification by the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*
Filed herewith.
**
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+
In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibit 32 is being furnished and not filed.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.
April 17, 2023 By: /s/ Marc Hazout
Marc Hazout
Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
April 17, 2023 By: /s/ Ike Makrimichalos
Ike Makrimichalos
Chief Financial Officer (Principal
Financial and Accounting Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
/s/ Marc Hazout Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer April 17, 2023
Marc Hazout (principal executive officer) and Director
/s/ Ike Makrimichalos Chief Financial Officer April 17, 2023
Ike Makrimichalos (principal financial and accounting officer)
/s/ Andrea Calla Director April 17, 2023
Andrea Calla
/s/ Gary Herman Director April 17, 2023
Gary Herman
/s/ Susan Harte Director April 17, 2023
Susan Harte
/s/ Bruce Rintoul Director April 17, 2023
Bruce Rintoul

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This section includes a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that anticipate results based on management's plans that are subject to uncertainty. We discuss in more detail various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations in Item 1A. Risk Factors. The following discussion should be read considering those disclosures and together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto.
Overview
Our Company's goals are targeted at serving our customers, our employees, the environment, the communities in which we work and our stockholders. Increasingly, customers want more of their waste materials recovered, while waste streams are becoming more complex, and our aim is to address the current needs, while anticipating the expanding and evolving needs of our customers.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021
2022 2021
Revenue $ 589,035 $ 754,334
Cost of sales 1,171,481 1,254,150
Gross loss (582,446 ) (499,816 )
Operating expenses
Management compensation-stock-based compensation 240,450 217,035
Management compensation-fees 461,520 284,088
Professional fees 900,458 684,757
Marketing 991,383 298,417
Interest expenses 799,716 753,057
Office and administration 338,136 335,062
Rent and occupancy 215,482 160,019
Insurance 79,158 81,338
Filing fees 80,926 122,408
Amortization of financing costs 109,765 101,431
Repairs and maintenance (5,895 ) 42,183
Director compensation 57,690 53,136
Stock-based compensation 2,092,230 162,187
Foreign exchange loss 971,641
39,191
Total operating expenses 7,332,660
3,334,309
Net Loss before Other Expenses and Income Taxes Recovery (7,915,100 ) (3,834,125 )
Other Expenses (4,167,530 ) (1,067,272 )
Income Taxes Recovery 72,088 35,542
Net loss $ (12,010,548 ) $ (4,865,855 )
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021
During the year, the Company generated $589,035 (2021-$754,334) of revenue from its organic composting facility and the garbage collection services, a decrease of $165,299 over the prior year. The majority of the revenue from the organic composting facility relates to revenue from tipping fees charged for organic and other waste accepted at the facility and a lesser portion relating to the sale of organic compost processed at the facility. The Company also earned revenue from its garbage collection services of $26,886 (2021-$154,882), which it acquired effective May 24, 2019 on the purchase of 1684567. Up until early January 2021, the Company was also providing landfill management services, which are now handled by the individual townships. And, during the current, the Company ceased the garbage collection services to focus on its organic composting facility.
The reduction in revenue is primarily due to the Company no longer providing garbage collection services, offset by an increase in tipping fees from new business from an existing customer group.
In the operation of the organic composting facility, the Company processes the organic and other waste received and produces the end product, organic compost. The cost of producing the organic compost totaled $1,171,481 for the current year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1,254,150 for the prior year ended December 31, 2021. The costs include equipment rental, deliver, fuel, repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, depreciation, utilities and outside contractors. In addition, the Company calculated the inventory on hand at the end of the year for its organic compost to be $58,695 (2022-$20,582). These costs also include an estimate for the clean-up of certain waste as ordered by the MECP. This estimate and the significant reduction in revenue, significantly increased the gross loss during the year, compared to the prior year an increase of $82,630.
Operating expenses increased significantly by $3,998,351 from $3,334,309 for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $7,383,660 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of increases in management compensation, professional fees, marketing expenses, professional fees, stock-based compensation and foreign exchange loss. explained in greater detail below.
During the year, the Company incurred management compensation expense in the form of fees $461,520 compared to $284,088 in the prior year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $177,432, primarily due to the increase in the officers' compensation for the year ended December 31, 2022. The lower figure for the year ended December 31, 2021 included a settlement amount for the former chief executive officer, lowering the fees by $79,800. The management compensation in the form of stock-based compensation totaled $240,450 (2021-$217,035) during the year-ended December 31, 2022 relating to the Common Stock issued to the CEO and the CFO who were issued 1,000,000 and 50,000, respectively, for each year pursuant to their consulting agreements.
Professional fees increased by $215,701 from $684,757 in the year ended December 31, 2021 to $900, 458 in the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to increased estimated costs for the 2022 audit, review and tax related services including additional costs for certain 2021 services. In addition, the Company had engaged the services of a chartered professional accounting firm in 2021 for services in both 2021 and 2022 to assist management with various documentation and reporting matters and the valuation of the convertible promissory notes both in 2021 and for two quarters in 2022 along with engaging the services of a corporate valuation services firm in 2022 to assist management in the valuation of the convertible promissory notes for Q3 and for the year-end. In addition, the Company incurred additional professional fees in connection with its S-1/A registration statement.
Marketing expenses increased by $692,966 from $298,417 in the prior year to $991,383 in the current year primarily due to a new marketing campaign which commenced in Q3 of 2021.
During the year, the Company incurred interest expense of $799,716, an increase of $46,659 over the prior year amount of $753,057. The increase is primarily due to the interest on the 1st mortgage in Hamilton, outstanding for a full year in 2022 versus 136 days in the prior year. In addition, the interest incurred on the outstanding obligations to PACE increased based on the increased prime rate of interest during the current year by 4%. This increased interest was offset by lower interest on other long-term debt as the principal balance decreased and lower interest on the obligations under capital lease from payments during the year and the full repayment of one of the remaining obligations. Further, there is an absence of interest on the 2019 convertible notes which totaled $90,906 in the prior year. And, as a result of the Company's fair value option election, all interest incurred on the 2021 and 2022 convertible promissory notes was included in the fair value of the notes outstanding on December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022.
Office and administration expenses were flat with a small increase of $3,074 from $335,062 in the prior year to $338,136 in the current year.
Rent and occupancy expense increased by $55,463 from $160,019 in the prior year to $215,482 in the current year, primarily due to an increase in the monthly rental on the Company's Toronto, Ontario, Canada office and additional realty taxes incurred on the new Hamilton, Ontario, Canada property, a full year in the current year versus 136 days in the prior year.
Insurance expense was flat with a small decrease of $2,180 from the prior year.
Filing fees decreased by $41,482 from $122,408 in the prior year to $80,926 in the current year, primarily due to the absence of investor relations activities carried out in the prior year and not in the current year and the absence of the fee for the Company's application to the Nasdaq, offset by costs associated with the special meeting of the shareholders on March 24, 2022, administrative costs incurred in the filing of the S-1 (and S-1/A) registration statement.
During the year, the amortization of financing costs increased by $8,334 from $101,431 in the prior year to $109,765 in the current year due primarily to the amortization of an additional financing cost in connection with the extension of the maturity date for the 1st mortgage on the Company's Belleville, Ontario, Canada facility from September 1, 2021 to December 1, 2023.
Repairs and maintenance decreased by $48,078 from $42,183 in the prior year to a credit of $5,895 in the current year primarily due to a credit on roof repairs incurred in the prior year at the Company's Toronto, Ontario, Canada office and an overall decrease in repairs and maintenance.
Director compensation decreased by $4,554 from $53,136 in the prior year to $57,690 in the current year. The increase is partially due to a new independent director appointed in Q2 of 2021 and thus did not serve as a director for the entire 2021 year. Each independent director is entitled to a fee of $19,230 (C$25,000) annually. By December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had three independent directors for whom the Company has accrued their annual fees. In addition, during the year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Stock-based compensation increased by $1,930,043 from a balance of $162,187 in the prior year to $2,092,230 in the year as a result of consulting agreements with several new service providers to provide general business consulting services whose services expire at various periods through to October 2023. A total of 6,655,000 common shares were issued in connection with the new consulting agreements. Also included is $1,919 related to the issuance of 10,000 common shares to an employee during the year.
The foreign exchange loss increased by $932,450 from $39,191 in the prior year to $971,641 in the current year due to losses incurred on the translation and settlement of expenses and balances denominated in US dollars, primarily the convertible promissory notes.
The other expenses increased by $3,100,258 from $1,067,272 in the prior year to $4,167,530 in the current year. In the current year, the adjustment for the revaluation of the convertible promissory notes totaled $8,323,370 (2021-$1,018,825), the gain of extinguishment of convertible promissory notes totaled $4,274,820 (2021-$nil), an accrual for a break fee for a previous banker in the amount of $250,000 (2021-$nil) and revenue from proceeds earned on the sale of carbon credits on the Greenhouse Gas Clean Projects® Registry, in the amount of $131,020. In the prior year, the Company recorded various impairment losses on intangible assets totaling $513,254, gains of $420,216 on the forgiveness of the 2019 convertible promissory notes, including accrued interest and net gains on the disposal of long-lived assets in the amount of $44,591.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions
Use of estimates
The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, the fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.
Stock-based compensation
The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2022.
Indefinite Asset Impairments
The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life using Level 3 inputs.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, an impairment loss of $nil (C$nil) (2021-$513,254; C$643,175) was recorded and included under other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer also to note 17, other expenses, to the consolidated financial statements.
Long-Lived Asset Impairments
In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.
At December 31, 2022, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As at December 31, 2022, the Company had a cash balance of $42,900 (2021-$36,033) and current liabilities in the amount of $22,339,175 (2021-$13,944,507). As at December 31, 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (2021-$13,651,619). The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to satisfy the current debt obligations. Should the Company's creditors seek or demand payment, the Company does not have the resources to pay or satisfy any such claims currently. The Company has been in discussions with other creditors and equity investors for new financing options to repay or re-finance certain current debt obligations.
The Company's total assets at December 31, 2022 were $9,865,775 (2021-$8,571,721) and total current liabilities were $22,339,175 (2021-$13,944,507). Significant losses from operations have been incurred since inception and there is an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 as of December 31, 2022 (2021-$18,334,649). Continuation as a going concern is dependent upon generating significant new revenue, raising external capital and refinancing certain current debt. whilst achieving profitable operations and maintaining current fixed expense levels.
To pay current debt obligations and to fund any future operations, the Company requires significant new funds, which the Company may not be able to obtain. In addition to the funds required to liquidate the $22,339,175 in current liabilities, the Company estimates that approximately $25,500,000 in additional funds must be raised to fund capital requirements and general corporate expenses for the next 12 months.
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks, including changes in interest rates, certain commodity prices and Canadian currency rates. The Company does not use derivatives to manage these risks.
Interest Rate Exposure - Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Financial assets and financial liabilities with variable interest rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk.
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our financing activities. We have $7,285,747 (C$9,868,274) (2021-$7,727,628; C$9,796,689) of debt that is exposed to changes in market interest rates within the next 12 months. We currently estimate that a 100-basis point increase in the interest rates of our outstanding variable-rate debt obligations would increase our 2022 interest expense by approximately $72,900 (2021-$77,300).
Our remaining outstanding debt obligations have fixed interest rates through the scheduled maturity of the debt. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt obligations would not be expected to increase or decrease significantly if market interest rates change.
Credit Risk Exposure - is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty's inability to perform its payment obligations. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and trade receivables. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's cash was held with reputable Canadian chartered banks, a US banks and a credit union.
Commodity Price Exposure - In the normal course of our business, we are subject to operating agreements that expose us to market risks arising from changes in the prices for commodities such as diesel fuel, propane, and electricity. We attempt to manage these risks through operational strategies that focus on capturing our costs in the prices we charge our customers for the services provided. Accordingly, as the market prices for these commodities increase or decrease, our revenues may also increase or decrease.
Currency Rate Exposure - Our operations are currently in Ontario, Canada. Where significant, we have quantified and described the impact of foreign currency translation on components of income, including operating revenue and operating expenses. However, the impact of foreign currency has not materially affected our results of operations.
Summary of Cash and Debt Obligations
The following is a summary of our cash and debt balances as of December 31:
2022 2021
Cash $ 42,900 $ 36,033
Debt:
Current portion $ 16,710,639 $ 11,654,984
Long-term portion 116,978 1,882,357
Total debt $ 16,827,617 $ 13,537,341
We use long-term borrowings in addition to the cash we are able to generate from operations as part of our overall financial strategy to support and grow our business. The components of our borrowings as of December 31, 2022 are described in notes 10, 11, 12 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements.
Changes in our outstanding debt balances from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 were primarily attributable to (i) increase in net debt borrowings of $1,865,681 and (ii) the impacts of other non-cash changes in our debt balances due to foreign currency translation and the loss on the revaluation of convertible promissory notes.
Refer to Security Purchase Agreements, Financing Agreements with PACE and Other financings noted above for details.
Summary of Cash Flow Activity
The following is a summary of our cash flows for the years ended December 31:
2022 2021
Net cash used in operating activities (a) $ (1,207,557 ) $ (2,040,974 )
Net cash used in investing activities (b) $ (1,868,864 ) $ (2,152,725 )
Net cash provided by financing activities (c) $ 2,773,441 $ 4,195,676
(a) Net Cash Used in Operating Activities - The most significant items affecting the comparison of our operating cash flows in 2022 as compared with 2021 are summarized below:
Increase in Net Loss - Our loss from operations, excluding depreciation and amortization and other expenses increased by $4,127,315 in 2022, principally driven by reduced revenue resulting in a gross loss, higher marketing costs, professional fees, stock-based compensation and foreign exchange loss.
Changes in Assets and Liabilities -Our net cash used in operating activities was impacted by changes in assets and liabilities.
(b) Net Cash Used in Investing Activities - The Company purchased long-lived assets in 2022 in the amount of $1,865,681 compared to $1,875,440 in 2021. In addition, the Company purchased intangible assets totaling $326,012 in 2021 and $nil in 2022.
(c) Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities - The most significant items affecting the comparison of our financing cash flows for the periods presented are summarized below:
Debt Borrowings (Repayments) - In the current year, the Company incurred net debt borrowings of $1,865,681 a decrease of $2,037,129 from the prior year and an increase of $614,894 in private placement proceeds in 2022 from the prior year.
Refer to notes 10, 11, 12 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our various borrowings.
Summary of Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations of principal payments as of December 31, 2022 and the anticipated effect of these obligations on our liquidity in future years:
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total
Contractual Obligations:
Long-term debt and obligations under capital lease (a) $ 8,933,451 $ 59,366 $ 5,117 $ - $ - $ - $ 8,997,934
Convertible promissory notes 5,825,260 - - - - - 5,825,260
Management consulting agreements 465,132 442,980 - - - - 908,112
Truck and trailer financing (b) 37,164 39,046 13,449 - - - 89,659
Various third-party consulting and other agreements 700,000 125,000 125,000 - - - 950,000
Hamilton-construction in progress commitments 4,879,084 - - - - - 4,879,084
Road maintenance obligation (c) 7,383 7,383 7,383 - - - 22,149
Anticipated liquidity impact as of December 31, 2022 $ 20,847,474 $ 673,775 $ 150,949 $ - $ - $ - $ 21,672,198
(a) These amounts represent the scheduled principal payments related to the Company's long-term debt, obligations under capital lease, excluding interest.
Refer to notes 10, 11 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on our long-term debt and our obligations under capital lease.
(b) Truck and trailer financing
(c) The road maintenance obligation is invoiced annually by the City of Belleville, Ontario, Canada in the amount of $7,383 (C$10,000) and expires September 30, 2025.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.
As at December 31, 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (2021-$13,651,619), incurred a net loss of $12,010,548 (2021-$4,865,855) for the year and had an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 (December 31, 2021-$18,334,649) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business.
The Company incurred a net loss of $12,010,548 (2021-$4,865,855) for the year ended December 31, 2022 and as at that date had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (2021-$13,651,619) and an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 (December 31, 2021-$18,334,649) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business. On February 18, 2021, PACE and the Company reached a new agreement to repay all amounts owing to PACE on or before July 30, 2021. Management was not able to meet the July 30, 2021 deadline. On August 13, 2021, PACE agreed to allow the Company until August 31, 2021 to bring the arrears current and continue to September 2022, the original maturity date. Management was not able to meet the August 31, 2021 deadline. On November 15, 2021, the Company paid all arrears to PACE and PACE agreed to allow the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Similarly, the Company paid all arrears to PACE on March 15, 2022 and PACE allowed the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Management continues discussions with equity investors to raise the necessary funds and repay other creditors and with PACE to settle its overdue obligations. The Company was successful in extending the maturity date on one of its 1st mortgages, which had a maturity date of September 1, 2022 to December 1, 2023. One of the Company's significant customer contracts expired at the end of December 31, 2020 and one customer contract was terminated by the Company in September of 2021. The Company is also anticipating a successful underwritten offering in connection with its filed registration statement although there can be no assurance that the underwritten offering will be completed. Refer to note 22 (d), subsequent events, for details on a full and final mutual release of the Company's obligations to PACE.
These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain necessary financing to further the development of its business and satisfy its obligations to PACE and its other creditors, and upon achieving profitable operations. There is no assurance of funding being available, or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as recorded on these consolidated financial statements.
Beginning in March 2020 the Governments of Canada and Ontario, as well as foreign governments, instituted emergency measures as a result of the novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19"). The virus has had a major impact on Canadian and international securities and currency markets and consumer activity which may impact the Company's financial position, its results of operations and its cash flows significantly. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it might impact the Company's business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that are not subject to accurate prediction and that are beyond the Company's control.
These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the potential effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern. Such adjustments could be material.
Recently Accounting Pronouncements
The following section provides a description of new accounting pronouncements ("Accounting Standard Update" or "ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that are applicable to the Company.
On January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2020-06, -Debt-"Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity": simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current US GAAP. ASU 2020-06 reduces the number of models used to account for convertible instruments, amends diluted earnings per share "EPS" calculations for convertible instruments, and amends the requirements for a contract (or embedded derivative) that is potentially settled in an entity's own shares to be classified in equity. The ASU updates the guidance on certain embedded conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives, or Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital, such that those features are no longer required to be separated from the host contract. The convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. This will also result in the interest expense recognized for convertible debt instruments to be typically closer to the coupon interest rate when applying the guidance in Topic 835, Interest. The amendments add certain disclosure requirements to increase transparency and decision-usefulness about a convertible instrument's terms and features. Under ASU 2020-06, the Company must use the if-converted method for including convertible instruments in diluted EPS as opposed to the treasury stock method. ASU 2020-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is allowed under the standard with either a modified retrospective or full retrospective method. There were no embedded conversion features accounted for as equity or derivatives in the convertible promissory notes outstanding on January 1, 2021 The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the annual consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
SUSGLOBAL ENERGY CORP.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
CONTENTS
Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-M&K(PCAOB ID 2738)
Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-MNP(PCAOB ID 1930)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficiency
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the Company) as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statement of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 , and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The financial statements of SusGlobal Energy Corp. as of December 31, 2021 were audited by other auditors whose report dated April 13, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those statements.
Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company suffered a net loss from operations and used cash in operations, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans regarding those matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
As discussed in Note 12, the Company borrows funds through the use of convertible notes payable that contain a conversion price that may be fixed or fluctuates with the stock price.
Auditing management’s estimates of the fair value of the convertible debt involves significant judgements and estimates given the embedded conversion features of the notes.
To evaluate the appropriateness of the fluctuation of the conversion price, the embedded conversion feature is subject to market adjustments as of each reporting period. Significant judgment is exercised by the Company in determining the fair value liability values for these convertible note agreements, including the use of a specialist engaged by management.
We evaluated management’s conclusions regarding their derivative liability and reviewed support for the significant inputs used in the valuation model, as well as assessing the model for reasonableness.
/s/ M&K CPAS, PLLC
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.
Houston, TX
April 17, 2023
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of SusGlobal Energy Corp.:
Opinion
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Company"), as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' deficiency and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its consolidated operations and its consolidated cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has experienced operating losses since inception and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business. These conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 2, raise substantial doubt about Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for convertible promissory notes as of January 1, 2021, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2020-06, "Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity".
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
MNP LLP
1 Adelaide Street East, Suite 1900, Toronto ON, M5C 2V9
1.877.251.2922 T: 416.596.1711 F: 416.596.7894
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
April 13, 2022
Chartered Professional Accountants
Toronto, Canada
Licensed Public Accountants
We have served as the Company auditors since 2020.
1 Adelaide Street East, Suite 1900, Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2V9
1.877.251.2922 T: 416.596.1711 F: 416.596.7894 MNP.ca
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As at December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash $ 42,900
$ 36,033
Trade receivables
69,193
59,665
Government remittances receivable
6,983
13,265
Inventory
58,695
20,582
Prepaid expenses and deposits (note 7)
580,852
163,343
Total Current Assets
758,623
292,888
Long-lived Assets, net (note 8)
9,107,152
8,278,833
Long-Term Assets
9,107,152
8,278,833
Total Assets $ 9,865,775
$ 8,571,721
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIENCY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable (note 9) $ 3,475,691
$ 1,085,235
Government remittances payable
371,587
262,047
Accrued liabilities (notes 9, 10, 11, 12, and 14)
1,781,258
942,241
Current portion of long-term debt (note 10)
8,816,931
7,765,421
Current portion of obligations under capital lease (note 11)
57,275
91,047
Convertible promissory notes (note 12)
7,796,433
3,798,516
Loans payable to related parties (note 14)
40,000
-
Total Current Liabilities
22,339,175
13,944,507
Long-term debt (note 10)
52,495
1,752,271
Obligations under capital lease (note 11)
64,483
130,086
Deferred tax liability
-
73,925
Total Long-term Liabilities
116,978
1,956,282
Total Liabilities
22,456,153
15,900,789
Stockholders' Deficiency
Preferred stock, $.0001 par value, 10,000,000 authorized, none issued and outstanding
Common stock, $.0001 par value, 150,000,000 authorized, 113,438,832 (2021- 92,983,547) shares issued and outstanding (note 15)
11,348
9,302
Additional paid-in capital
17,152,018
11,272,599
Shares to be issued
213,600
59,640
Accumulated deficit
(30,345,197 )
(18,334,649 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
377,853
(335,960 )
Stockholders' deficiency
(12,590,378 )
(7,329,068 )
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficiency $ 9,865,775
$ 8,571,721
Going concern (note 2)
Commitments (note 16)
Subsequent events (note 22)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
Revenue $ 589,035
$ 754,334
Cost of Sales
Opening inventory
20,582
24,740
Depreciation
452,402
507,070
Direct wages and benefits
225,484
264,598
Equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance
459,917
299,031
Utilities
45,575
81,107
Outside contractors
26,216
98,186
1,230,176
1,274,732
Less: closing inventory
(58,695 )
(20,582 )
Total cost of sales
1,171,481
1,254,150
Gross loss
(582,446 )
(499,816 )
Operating expenses
Management compensation-stock- based compensation (notes 9 and 15)
240,450
217,035
Management compensation-fees (note 9)
461,520
284,088
Professional fees
900,458
684,757
Marketing
991,383
298,417
Interest expense (notes 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14)
799,716
753,057
Office and administration
338,136
335,062
Rent and occupancy (note 10)
215,482
160,019
Insurance
79,158
81,338
Filing fees
80,926
122,408
Amortization of financing costs
109,765
101,431
Repairs and maintenance
(5,895 )
42,183
Director compensation (notes 9 and 15)
57,690
53,136
Stock-based compensation (noted 10 and 15)
2,092,230
162,187
Foreign exchange loss (income)
971,641
39,191
Total operating expenses
7,332,660
3,334,309
Net Loss Before Other Loss
(7,915,106 )
(3,834,125 )
Other Expenses (note 17)
(4,167,530 )
(1,067,272 )
Net Loss Before Income Taxes
(12,082,636 )
(4,901,397 )
Income Taxes Recovery (note 18)
72,088
35,542
Net Loss
(12,010,548 )
(4,865,855 )
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign exchange income
713,813
18,251
Comprehensive loss $ (11,296,735 ) $ (4,847,604 )
Net loss per share-basic and diluted $ (0.12 ) $ (0.05 )
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding- basic and diluted
102,746,746
90,963,235
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficiency
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
Additional
Accumulated
Number
Common
Paid-
Shares
Accumulated
Other
Total
of Shares
Shares
in Capital
to be
Deficit
Comprehensive
Issued
Loss
Balance-December 31, 2020
82,860,619
$ 8,288
$ 9,045,187
$ 8,580
$ (13,468,794 ) $ (354,211 ) $ (4,760,950 )
Shares issued for proceeds previously received
400,000
8,540
(8,580 )
-
-
-
Share issued to officers
1,050,000
216,930
-
-
-
217,035
Shares issued on conversion of related party debt to equity
1,726,076
451,152
-
-
-
451,325
Shares issued on conversion of debt to equity
3,767,029
809,524
-
-
-
809,901
Shares issued on private placement
1,195,348
292,746
-
-
-
292,866
Shares issued for professional services
1,658,832
448,553
-
-
-
448,719
Shares issued for financing costs on receipt of convertible promissory notes
2,337,143
(234 )
-
-
-
-
Share cancellation
(2,011,500 )
(201
)
-
-
-
-
Shares to be issued
-
-
-
59,640
-
-
59,640
Other comprehensive income
-
-
-
-
-
18,251
18,251
Net loss
-
-
-
-
(4,865,855 )
-
(4,865,855 )
Balance-December 31, 2021
92,983,547
$ 9,302
$ 11,272,599
$ 59,640
$ (18,334,649 ) $ (335,960 ) $ (7,329,068 )
Balance - December 31, 2021
92,983,547
$ 9,302
$ 11,272,599
$ 59,640
$ (18,334,649 ) $ (335,960 ) $ (7,329,068 )
Shares issued for proceeds previously received
230,000
48,967
(48,990 )
-
-
-
Share issued to officers
1,050,000
240,345
-
-
-
240,450
Shares issued to employee
10,000
1,989
-
-
-
1,990
Share issued on conversion of debt to equity
2,372,090
579,010
-
-
-
579,247
Share issued on issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt
4,125,211
1,652,302
-
-
1,652,715
Shares issued on extension of maturity dates on debt
1,616,667
230,905
-
-
-
231,067
Shares issued on conversion of related party debt to equity
193,778
33,17
-
-
-
33,136
Shares issued on private placement
4,444,041
907,316
-
-
-
907,760
Shares issued for professional services
6,655,000
2,185,444
-
-
-
2,186,110
Shares returned to treasury
(241,502 )
(24 )
-
-
-
Shares yet to be issued
-
-
202,950
-
-
202,950
Other comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
-
713,813
713,813
Net loss
-
-
-
-
(12,010,548 )
-
(12,010,548 )
Balance-December 31, 2022
113,438,832
$ 11,348
$ 17,152,018
$ 213,600
$ (30,345,197 ) $ 377,853
$ (12,590,378 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss $ (12,010,548 ) $ (4,865,855 )
Deferred taxes recovery
(72,088 )
(9,037 )
Adjustments for:
Depreciation
453,672
510,021
Amortization of intangible assets
-
3,955
Non-cash professional fees on conversion of debt
-
Non-cash interest expense on conversion of debt
-
(53,354 )
Amortization of financing fees
109,765
101,431
Impairment loss on intangibles
-
513,254
Stock-based compensation
2,332,680
379,222
Gain on forgiveness of convertible promissory notes and accrued interest
-
(420,216 )
Gain (loss) on disposal of long-lived assets
-
(44,591 )
Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes
8,323,370
1,018,825
Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes
(4,274,820 )
-
Non-cash additions to convertible promissory notes on amendments
535,142
-
Changes in non-cash working capital:
Trade receivables
(13,905 )
125,445
Government remittances receivable
5,659
(9,615 )
Inventory
(41,081 )
4,315
Prepaid expenses and deposits
(186,876 )
36,937
Deferred asset
-
3,956
Accounts payable
2,562,889
88,374
Government remittances payable
131,604
32,065
Accrued liabilities
936,980
548,211
Deferred revenue
-
(4,867 )
Net cash used in operating activities
(1,207,557 )
(2,040,974 )
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of intangible assets
-
(326,012 )
Purchase of long-lived assets (i)
(1,868,864 )
(1,875,440 )
Proceeds on disposal of long-lived assets
-
48,727
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
(1,868,864 )
(2,152,725 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of advances
-
(15,708 )
Advance of long-term debt
-
1,516,200
Repayment of long-term debt
(70,328 )
(111,137 )
Repayments of obligations under capital lease
(88,786 )
(157,444 )
Advances of convertible promissory notes
2,080,000
2,629,500
Repayment of convertible promissory notes
(96,880 )
(292,660 )
Advances of loans payable to related parties
131,668
387,525
Repayments of loans payable to related parties
(89,993 )
(53,466 )
Subscription payable proceeds (net of share issue costs)
907,760
292,866
Net cash provided by financing activities
2,773,441
4,195,676
Effect of exchange rate on cash
309,847
27,599
Increase in cash
6,867
29,576
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period
36,033
6,457
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of period
36,033
6,457
Cash and cash equivalents end of period $ 42,900
$ 36,033
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure:
Interest paid $ 798,072
$ 678,548
Supplementary Non-Cash Disclosure:
Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of debt, plus accrued interest, and other fees
$
579,247
$
809,901
Common stock issued at fair value on extinguishment of existing debt
$
1,652,715
$
-
Common stock yet to be issued
$
213,600
$
59,640
Common stock issued at fair value for conversion of related party debt and accounts payable
$
33,136
$
451,324
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
SusGlobal Energy Corp. ("SusGlobal") was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SusGlobal, a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. ("Commandcredit"), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp.
On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal filed an Application for Authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the "Domestication"). In connection with the Domestication each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the "Shares"). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), SusGlobal continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of SusGlobal and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2017.
On December 11, 2018, the Company began trading on the OTCQB venture market exchange, under the ticker symbol SNRG.
SusGlobal is a renewables company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy and regenerative products application.
These consolidated financial statements of SusGlobal and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp. ("SGECC"), SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd. ("SGECIL"), SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. ("SGEBL"), SusGlobal Energy Hamilton Ltd. ("SGEHL") and 1684567 Ontario Inc. ("1684567") (together, the "Company"), have been prepared following generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("US GAAP") for annual financial information and the Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") instructions to Form 10-K and Article 8 of SEC Regulation S-X, and are expressed in United States Dollars.
2. Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.
The Company incurred a net loss of $12,010,548 (2021-$4,865,855) for the year ended December 31, 2022 and as at that date had a working capital deficit of $21,580,552 (December 31, 2021-$13,651,119) and an accumulated deficit of $30,345,197 (December 31, 2021-$18,334,649) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business.
On February 18, 2021, PACE Savings and Credit Union Limited ("PACE") and the Company reached a new agreement to repay all amounts owing to PACE on or before July 30, 2021. Management was not able to meet the July 30, 2021 deadline. On August 13, 2021, PACE agreed to allow the Company until August 31, 2021 to bring the arrears current and continue to September 2022, the original maturity date. Management was not able to meet the August 31, 2021 deadline. On November 15, 2021, the Company paid all arrears to PACE and PACE agreed to allow the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Similarly, the Company paid all arrears to PACE on March 15, 2022 and PACE allowed the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Management continues discussions with equity investors to raise the necessary funds to repay other creditors and with PACE to settle its overdue obligations. The Company was successful in extending the repayment date on a 1st mortgage which had a maturity date of September 1, 2022 to December 1, 2023. One of the Company's significant customer contracts expired at the end of December 31, 2020 and one customer contract was terminated by the Company in September of 2021. The Company is also anticipating a successful underwritten offering in connection with its filed registration statement although there can be no assurance that the underwritten offering will be completed. Refer to note 22 (d), subsequent events, for details on a full and final mutual release of the Company's obligations to PACE.
These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain the necessary financing to further the development of its business, satisfy its obligations to PACE and its other creditors, and upon achieving profitable operations through revenue growth. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
2. Going Concern, (continued)
Beginning in March 2020 the Governments of Canada and Ontario, as well as foreign governments, instituted emergency measures as a result of the novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19"). The virus has had a major impact on Canadian and international securities and currency markets and consumer activity which may impact the Company's financial position, its results of operations and its cash flows significantly. The situation is constantly evolving, however, so the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact businesses and the economy is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Accordingly, the Company cannot predict the extent to which its financial position, results of operations and cash flows will be affected in the future.
These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern.
3. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The following section provides a description of new accounting pronouncements ("Accounting Standard Update" or "ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") that are applicable to the Company.
On January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU No. 2020-06, -Debt-"Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity": simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current US GAAP. ASU 2020-06 reduces the number of models used to account for convertible instruments, amends diluted earnings per share "EPS" calculations for convertible instruments, and amends the requirements for a contract (or embedded derivative) that is potentially settled in an entity's own shares to be classified in equity. The ASU updates the guidance on certain embedded conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives, or Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital, such that those features are no longer required to be separated from the host contract. The convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. This will also result in the interest expense recognized for convertible debt instruments to be typically closer to the coupon interest rate when applying the guidance in Topic 835, Interest. The amendments add certain disclosure requirements to increase transparency and decision-usefulness about a convertible instrument's terms and features. Under ASU 2020-06, the Company must use the if-converted method for including convertible instruments in diluted EPS as opposed to the treasury stock method. ASU 2020-06 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is allowed under the standard with either a modified retrospective or full retrospective method. There were no embedded conversion features accounted for as equity or derivatives in the convertible promissory notes outstanding on January 1, 2021 The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. As a result, the adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have any impact on the opening balances in the annual consolidated financial statements.
4. Significant Accounting Policies
a) Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SusGlobal and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SGECC, incorporated on December 14, 2015, SGECIL, incorporated on December 15, 2015, SGEBL, incorporated on July 27, 2017, SGEHL, incorporated on August 10, 2021 and 1684567, acquired effective May 24, 2019. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
b) Business combinations
The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-01, which clarifies the definition of a business, with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.
A business combination is a transaction or other event in which control over one or more business is obtained. A business in an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return in the form of dividends, lower costs or other economic benefits. A business consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders. A business need not include all the inputs and processes that were used by the acquiree to produce outputs if the business can be integrated with the inputs and processes of the Company to continue to produce outputs. The Company considers several factors to determine whether the set of activities and assets is a business.
Business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method whereby acquired assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value as at the date of acquisition with the excess of the purchase consideration over such value being recorded as goodwill and allocated to reporting units ("RUs"). If the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeds the purchase consideration, the difference is recognized immediately as a gain in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition related costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, except for the cost of debt or equity instruments issued in relation to the acquisition which is included in the carrying amount of the related instrument.
Certain fair values may be estimated at the acquisition date pending confirmation or completion of the valuation process. Where provisional values are used in accounting for a business combination, they are adjusted retrospectively in subsequent periods. However, the measurement period will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. If the assets acquired are not a business, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company's recent acquisition, as described under note 9, Long-lived Assets, was accounted for as an asset acquisition whereby the total acquisition price is allocated on assets acquired based on relative fair values and acquisition related costs are considered a part of the acquisition price.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
c) Use of estimates
The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, fair value of convertible promissory notes, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, environmental remediation costs, stock-based compensation and going concern. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.
d) Cash
Cash consist of deposits held in financial institutions.
e) Trade receivables
Trade receivables, which are recorded when billed and when services are performed, are claims against third parties that will be settled in cash. The carrying value of trade receivables, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated realizable value. An estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical trends; type of customer, such as commercial or municipal; the age of outstanding trade receivables; and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific trade receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Past-due trade receivable balances are written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful.
(f) Fair value of financial instruments
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures", which determines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:
a. Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
b. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
c. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, such as cash, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of the advance, long-term term debt, obligations under capital lease, mortgages payable and loans payable to related parties also approximates fair value due to their market interest rate.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, and also considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 except for the convertible promissory notes for which the Company elected the fair value option. The convertible promissory notes for which the fair value option has been elected are carried at fair value based on Level 3 inputs (see note 13).
g) Inventory
Inventory, which consists of screened organic compost, is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is represented by production cost, which includes equipment rental, delivery, fuel and repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, outside contractors, utilities and manufacturing overhead. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a weekly basis and typically there is no need to record provisions for excess or obsolete inventory as the inventory has a long shelf life. The inventory is stored outdoors and accumulated in piles.
h) Intangible assets
Intangible assets included a technology license, which was stated at cost less accumulated amortization and was amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life which was the contract term of five years plus the renewal option of five years and customer lists, which are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the customer contracts, which ranged between forty-five and sixty-six months. Intangible assets also include environmental compliance approvals and trademarks, which are stated at cost, have indefinite useful lives and are not amortized until their useful lives are determined to be no longer indefinite. The Company evaluates the intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life. In the prior year, an impairment loss of $513,254 (C$643,175) was recorded and included under other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer also to note 17, other expenses.
i) Goodwill
Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired business. Goodwill is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the acquired business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Management assesses goodwill impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired by comparing its carrying value to the fair value of the acquired business.
j) Long-lived assets
Long-lived assets are stated at cost. Equipment awaiting installation on site is not depreciated until it is commissioned. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful life of the asset and depreciated annually on a straight-line basis at the following annual rates:
Category Rate
Computer equipment 30%
Computer software 50%
Officer trailer and vacuum trailer 30%
Signage 20%
Machinery and equipment, including under capital lease 30%
Automotive equipment 30%
Composting buildings 6%
Gore cover system 10%
Driveway and paving 8%
k) Impairment of long-lived assets
In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment", long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. At December 31, 2022, the Company tested the long-lived assets for impairment to determine whether the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company used quoted market values and independent appraisals of its long-lived assets and determined that no impairment loss was required to be recognized.
l) Debt issuance costs
Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability. Debt issuance cost related to convertible promissory notes which are valued at fair value are expensed once incurred.
m) Environmental remediation costs
The Company accrues for costs associated with environmental remediation and clean-up obligations when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change.
n) Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the accounting and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is recorded for the amount of income tax payable or receivable for the period increased or decreased by the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period.
o) Revenue recognition
The Company's revenues are from the tipping fees charged for waste delivery to the Company's organic composting facility and from the sale of organic compost. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation when transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The tipping fees charged for services are generally defined in service agreements and vary based on contract-specific terms such as frequency of service, type of waste, weight, volume and the general market factors influencing a region's rates. The Company also generates revenue from fees charged for garbage collection services and landfill management services, based on agreements with customers. Revenue is recognized as waste is accepted and collection is reasonably assured for the tipping fees charged and monthly for the other services and collection is assured. The waste collected is processed, cured and screened before being sold as organic compost. The cost of these processes is accrued at the time of revenue recognition.
p) Loss per share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive securities outstanding for each year. The computation of diluted loss per share has not been presented as its effect would be anti-dilutive.
q) Convertible promissory notes
The Company had elected the fair value option to account for its convertible promissory notes issued during 2021 and subsequently. In accordance with ASC 825, the convertible promissory notes are marked-to-market at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as a component of other expenses, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has elected to include interest expense in the changes in fair value. Transaction costs are incurred as expensed. The Company did not elect the fair value option for the convertible promissory notes issued in 2019. The notes were measured at amortized cost.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
4. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)
r) Stock-based compensation
The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Where necessary, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company's stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock- based compensation recognized. The Company has not issued any stock options and has no stock options outstanding at December 31, 2021.
s) Comprehensive Loss
The Company accounts for comprehensive loss in accordance with ASC 220, "Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive loss and its components. Comprehensive loss is presented in the consolidated statements of stockholders' deficiency and consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.
t) Foreign currency translation
The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar (the "C$") and its presentation or reporting currency is the United States dollar ("$"). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss) for the year. In translating the financial statements of the Company's Canadian subsidiaries from their functional currency into the Company's reporting currency of $, balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' deficiency. The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
5. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date or possibly early adopted, where permitted.
There are no new accounting pronouncements issued that were expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations in the current or future periods.
6. Financial Instruments
Interest, Credit and Concentration Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Financial assets and financial liabilities with variable interest rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk. The Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk on the current portion of its long-term debt of $7,285,747 (C$9,868,274) (2021-$7727,628; C$9,796,689).
Credit risk is the risk of loss associated with a counterparty's inability to perform its payment obligations. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and trade receivables. As at December 31, 2022, the Company's cash was held with reputable Canadian chartered banks, a credit union and a United States of America bank.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
6. Financial Instruments, (continued)
With regards to credit risk with customers, the customers' credit evaluation is reviewed by management and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. The Company believes that no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for by the allowance for doubtful accounts are inherent in accounts receivable. As at December 31, 2022, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $nil (C$nil) (2021-$nil; C$nil).
As at December 31, 2022, the Company is exposed to concentration risk as it had four customers (2021-three customers) representing greater than 5% of total trade receivables and four customers (December 31, 2021-three customers) represented 90% (December 31, 2021 - 74%) of trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue. These customers accounted for 81% (44%, 20% and 17%) (2021-80%; 37%, 19%, 13% and 11%) of total revenue.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is unable to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company takes steps to ensure it has sufficient working capital and available sources of financing to meet future cash requirements for capital programs and operations. Management is considering all its options to refinance its obligations to PACE and repay other creditors. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 22.
The Company actively monitors its liquidity to ensure that its cash flows and working capital are adequate to support its financial obligations and the Company's capital programs. In order to continue operations, the Company will need to raise capital, repay PACE for all of its outstanding obligations and complete the refinancing of its real property and organic waste processing and composting facility. There is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown. Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events note 22.
Currency Risk
Although the Company's functional currency is the C$, the Company realizes a portion of its expenses in United States Dollars ("$"). Consequently, certain assets and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As at December 31, 2022, $80,843 (2021-$175,790) of the Company's net monetary liabilities were denominated in $. The Company has not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce the exposure to currency risk.
7. Prepaid Expenses and Deposits
Included in prepaid expenses and deposits are costs, primarily for professional services to be expensed as stock-based compensation after December 31, 2022, in the amount of $374,531 (December 31, 2021-$73,172) and for professional services to be expensed as professional fees after December 31, 2022 in the amount of $nil (December 31, 2021-$32,143). These professional services expire at varying periods to October 31, 2025 and expensed evenly over these periods based on the terms of the associated agreements. The professional services disclosed under stock-based compensation related to general corporate consulting, marketing, branding and commercialization to market, and general investor relations services. The common shares issued for professional services are also noted under capital stock, note 15. The balance consists of costs and deposits for services expiring or relating to periods after December 31, 2022, including insurance, rent, professional services retainers and deposits.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
8. Long-lived Assets, net
Cost
Accumulated
Net book value
Net book value
depreciation
Land $ 3,163,941
$ -
$ 3,163,941
$ 3,380,356
Property under construction
3,548,648
-
3,548,648
1,874,892
Composting buildings
2,238,614
702,958
1,535,656
1,784,200
Gore cover system
1,039,543
525,237
514,306
660,549
Driveway and paving
342,202
144,866
197,336
240,083
Machinery and equipment
566,959
538,923
28,036
64,282
Equipment under capital lease
287,679
248,105
39,574
134,487
Vacuum trailer
5,537
5,537
-
1,479
Signage
6,102
3,655
2,447
3,918
Automotive equipment
162,543
85,335
77,208
134,587
$ 11,361,768
$ 2,254,616
$ 9,107,152
$ 8,278,833
In the prior year, on August 17, 2021, the Company acquired the Hamilton Property assets, consisting of land, a vacant building and ECAs. The total purchase price including costs of acquisition of $175,615 (C$221,680) totaled $3,590,773 (C$4,532,633). The costs of acquisition, were settled through cash payments of $119,094 (C$150,333) and the issuance of 200,000 common shares valued based on the trading price on the issuance date at $56,521 (C$71,347) to a consultant who assisted on the closing of the transaction. The issuance of common shares is also noted under capital stock, note 15, common shares issued for professional services. The purchase of the Hamilton Property was funded by cash of $396,364 (C$500,333), the issuance of 300,000 common shares to the vendor on closing, having a value based on the trading price on the issuance date of $84,781 (C$107,020), the issuance noted above of 200,000 common shares to a consultant who assisted on the closing of the transaction disclosed as part of common shares issued for professional services, under capital stock, note 15, a vendor take-back 1st mortgage of $1,584,400 (C$2,000,000) and a portion of the increased existing 1st mortgage of $1,468,686 (C$1,853,933), disclosed under note 12(d), long-term debt. The cost of the purchase price was allocated ratably over the estimated fair value of each long-lived asset acquired, land of $1,724,979 (C$2,177,442), included above under land and building $1,556,002 (C$1,964,141), described above as property under construction.
Also included under property under construction, are construction costs incurred subsequent to the acquisition in the amount of $2,076,732 (C$2,812,857).
During the year ended December 31, 2022, depreciation is disclosed in cost of sales in the amount of $452,402 (C$588,146) (2021-$507,070; C$635,426) and in office and administration in the amount of $1,271 (C$1,652) (2021-$2,951; C$3,698) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
9. Related Party Transactions
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $369,216 (C$480,000) (2021-$287,280; C$360,000) respectively, in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and the president and chief executive officer (the "CEO"); and $92,304 (C$120,000) (2021-$76,608; C$96,000) in management fees expense with the Company's chief financial officer (the "CFO"). As at December 31, 2022, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $161,790 (C$219,138) (December 31, 2021-$14,755; C$18,706) is included in accounts payable and $22,705 (C$30,753) (2021-$nil; C$nil) in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.In the prior year, the amounts previous owed to the former chief executive officer in the amount of $310,428 (C$395,500), including the harmonized sales taxes, were settled for $225,435 (C$282,500) and paid on December 7, 2021. The amount over and above the settlement amount relating to management fees prior to 2020, $79,800 (C$100,000), was written off to management fees in the prior year in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred interest expense of $518 C$(674) (2021-$283; C$355) on the outstanding loan from the CFO.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $107,216 (C$139,386) (2021-$90,014; C$112,800) in rent expense paid under a lease agreement, currently under a month-to-month lease with Haute Inc. ("Haute"), an Ontario company controlled by the CEO.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
9. Related Party Transactions (continued)
For those independent directors providing their services throughout 2022, the Company recorded directors' compensation in the amount of $57,690 (C$75,000) (2021-$53,136; $66,587). As of December 31, 2022, outstanding directors' compensation of $121,226 (C$164,196) (2021-$70,358; C$89,196) is included in accrued liabilities, in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Furthermore, for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized management stock-based compensation expense of $240,450 (2021-$217,035), on the common stock issued to the CEO and the CFO, 1,000,000 (2021-1,000,000) and 50,000 (2021-50,000) common stock respectively, on their executive consulting agreements and $1,990 on 10,000 common stock issued to an employee.
10. Long-Term Debt
(a) PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022 $ 695,974
$ 750,465
(b) PACE Credit Facility-Due September 2, 2022
389,188
419,661
(c) PACE Corporate Term Loan-Due September 13, 2022
2,361,424
2,546,536
(d)i.) Mortgage Payable-Due December 1, 2023
3,782,751
4,010,966
(d)ii.) Mortgage Payable-Due August 17, 2023
1,476,600
1,577,600
(e) Canada Emergency Business Account-Due December 31, 2023
73,830
78,880
(f) Corporate Term Loan-Due April 7, 2025
89,659
133,584
8,869,426
9,517,692
Current portion
(8,816,931 )
(7,765,421 )
Long-Term portion $ 52,495
$ 1,752,271
On November 15, 2021 and March 15, 2022, the Company paid all arrears owing to PACE on each date and PACE agreed to allow the Company to continue payments to the end of the terms of each obligation, September 2022. Management has been in discussions with PACE to settle the Company's obligations to PACE. In addition, management continues to have discussions with equity investors and other creditors to repay outstanding obligations and accounts payable. In addition, the existing letter of credit, in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831) provided by PACE will continue until a replacement is obtained, but, in no case later than September 30, 2023. The Company has been in discussions with its Canadian chartered bank to replace the PACE letter of credit for the new financial assurance with the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (the "MECP") in the amount of $470,767 (C$637,637). On December 31, 2022, the Company is in arrears nine months for each of its obligations to PACE.
Refer also to going concern, note 2 and subsequent events, note 22(d).
The PACE long-term debt is payable as noted below:
(a) The credit facility bears interest at the PACE base rate of 11% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $6,470 (C$8,764) and matured on September 2, 2022. The first and only advance on the credit facility on February 2, 2017, in the amount of $1,181,280 (C$1,600,000), is secured by a business loan general security agreement, a $1,181,280 (C$1,600,000) personal guarantee from the CEO and a charge against the Haute leased premises. Also pledged as security are the shares of the wholly owned subsidiaries, and a limited recourse guarantee against each of these parties. As noted above, the pledged shares were delivered by PACE and are currently held as security for the personal guarantee from the CEO and charge against the Haute leased premises. On April 3, 2020, the pledged shares were delivered by PACE and are currently held as security for the personal guarantee from the CEO and charge against the Haute leased premises.
(b) The credit facility advanced on June 15, 2017, in the amount of $442,980 (C$600,000), bears interest at the PACE base of 11% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $3,618 (C$4,901), and matured on September 2, 2022. The credit facility is secured by a variable rate business loan agreement on the same terms, conditions and security as noted above.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
10. Long-Term Debt, (continued)
(c)
The corporate term loan advanced on September 13, 2017, in the amount of $2,749,538 (C$3,724,147), bears interest at PACE base rate of 11% plus 1.25% per annum, currently 12.25%, is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $21,936 (C$29,711), and matured on September 13, 2022. The corporate term loan is secured by a business loan general security agreement representing a floating charge over the assets and undertakings of the Company, a first priority charge under a registered debenture and a lien registered under the Personal Property Security Act in the amount of $2,953,922 (C$4,000,978) against the assets including inventory, accounts receivable and equipment. The corporate term loan also included an assignment of existing contracts included in the asset purchase agreement.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $357,038 (C$464,168) (2021-$318,714; C$399,391), in interest was incurred on the PACE long-term debt. As at December 31, 2022, $288,407 (C$390,636) (2021-$43,233; C$54,808) in accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
(d) i.) The Company obtained a 1st mortgage provided by private lenders to finance the acquisition of the shares of 1684567 and to provide funds for additional financing needs, including additional lands, received in four tranches totaling $3,839,160 (C$5,200,000) (December 31, 2021-$4,101,760; C$5,200,000). The fourth tranche was received on August 13, 2021 in the amount of $1,402,770 (C$1,900,000) and a portion of this fourth tranche, $1,368,759 (C$1,853,933), was used to fund a portion of the purchase of the Hamilton Property, described under long-lived assets, net note 8. The 1st mortgage is repayable interest only on a monthly basis at an annual rate of the higher of the Royal Bank of Canada's prime rate plus 6.05% per annum (currently 12.50%) and 10% per annum with a maturity date of December 1, 2022. The Company continues to be charged at the rate of 10% per annum. The 1st mortgage payable is secured by the shares held of 1684567, a 1st mortgage on the premises located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada and a general assignment of rents. Financing fees on the 1st mortgage totaled $318,217 (C$403,419). As at December 31, 2022 $31,555 (C$42,740) (December 31, 2021-$33,713; C$42,740) of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as at December 31, 2022 there is $56,409 (C$76,404) (December 31, 2021-$90,794; C$115,104) of unamortized financing fees included in long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets.
ii.) On August 17, 2021, the Company obtained a vendor take-back 1st mortgage in the amount of $1,476,600 (C$2,000,000), on the purchase of the Hamilton Property, described under long-lived assets, net note 8. The 1st mortgage bears interest at an annual rate of 2% per annum, repayable monthly interest only with a maturity date of August 17, 2023, secured by the assets on the Hamilton Property.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $430,772 (C$560,026) (2021-$308,101; C$385,978) in interest was incurred on the 1st mortgages payable.
(e) As a result of the COVID-19 virus, the Government of Canada launched the Canada Emergency Business Account (the "CEBA"), a program to ensure that small businesses have access to the capital they need to see them through the current challenges and better position them to quickly return to providing services to their communities and creating employment. The program is administered by Canadian chartered banks and credit unions.
The Company has received a total of $73,830 (C$100,000) under this program, from its Canadian chartered bank.
Under the initial term date of the loans, which is detailed in the CEBA term loan agreements, the amounts were due on December 31, 2022 and were interest-free. If the loans were not repaid by December 31, 2022, the Company could have made payments, interest only, on a monthly basis at an annual rate of 5%, under the extended term date, beginning January 1, 2023, maturing December 31, 2025.
The CEBA term loan agreements were amended by extending the interest free repayment date by one year to December 31, 2023. If paid by December 31, 2023, 33.33% ($24,610; C$33,333), previously 25%, of the loans would be forgiven. Repayment terms on the extended period are unchanged.
The CEBA term loan agreements contain a number of positive and negative covenants, for which the Company is not in full compliance.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
10. Long-Term Debt, (continued)
(f) On April 8, 2021, the Company took delivery of a truck and hauling trailer for a total purchase price of $161,199 (C$218,338) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes. The purchase was financed by a bank term loan of $147,660 (C$200,000), over a forty-eight-month term, bearing interest at 4.95% per annum with monthly blended instalments of principal and interest payments of $3,618 (C$4,901) due April 7, 2025.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $5,500 (C$7,150) (2021-$5,355; C$6,711) in interest was incurred.
11. Obligations under Capital Lease
(a)
(b)
Total
Total
Obligations under Capital Lease $ -
$ 121,758
$ 121,758
$ 221,133
Less: current portion
-
(57,275)
(57,275 )
(91,047 )
Long-term portion $ -
$ 64,483
$ 64,483
$ 130,086
Refer also to going concern, note 2.
(a) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic composting facility at a cost of $182,692 (C$247,450 ), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $3,778 (C$5,118), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of forty-six months plus the first two monthly blended installments of $7,383 (C$10,000) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of $18,221 (C$24,680) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2022. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 6.15% annually, compounded monthly, due January 27, 2022.
The final payment was made on June 7, 2022.
(b) The lease agreement for certain equipment for the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility at a cost of $287,679 (C$389,650), is payable in monthly blended installments of principal and interest of $5,059 (C$6,852), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes for a period of fifty-nine months plus an initial deposit of $14,360 (C$19,450) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and an option to purchase the equipment for a final payment of a nominal amount of $74 (C$100) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on February 27, 2025. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 3.59% annually, compounded monthly, due February 27, 2025.
The lease liabilities are secured by the equipment under capital lease as described in note 8.
Minimum lease payments as per the original terms of the obligations under capital lease are as follows:
In the year ending December 31, 2023 $ 60,709
In the year ending December 31, 2024
60,709
In the year ending December 31, 2025
5,132
126,550
Less: imputed interest
(4,792 )
Total $ 121,758
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $4,762 (C$6,191) (2021-$13,426; C$16,825) in interest was incurred.
12. Convertible Promissory Notes
(a) Convertible promissory note-March 31, 2021 $ -
$ 553,453
(b) Convertible promissory note-April 1, 2021
-
455,072
(c) Convertible promissory note-June 16, 2021
-
460,418
(d) Convertible promissory note-August 26, 2021
-
143,109
(e) Convertible promissory notes-October 28 and 29, 2021
2,599,925
1,852,495
(f) Convertible promissory note-December 2, 2021
-
333,969
(g) Convertible promissory notes-March 3 and 7, 2022
3,696,044
-
(h) Convertible promissory note- June 23, 2022
1,500,464
-
$ 7,796,433
$ 3,798,516
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
The convertible promissory notes are accounted for under the fair value option in the consolidated balance sheets. The actual principal outstanding on the balance of the notes as at December 31, 2022 is $5,825,260 (2021-$3,214,658).
(a)
On March 31, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "March 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "March 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the March 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "March 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $275,000. The March 2021 Investor Note includes an original issue discount of (the "OID") of $25,000. In addition, the March 31, 2021 Investor was issued 200,000 common shares immediately after the issue date. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the March 2021 Investor Note was September 30, 2021. The March 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "March 2021 Interest Rate"). The March 2021 Investor is entitled to, at its option, at any time after issuance of the March 2021 Investor Note, convert all or any amount of the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest of the March 2021 Investor Note into Common Stock, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share. Under the original terms of the March 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid until 180 days from its issue date at a prepayment premium of 120%. Any portion of the March 2021 Investor Note which is not repaid by the maturity date will bear interest at the default interest rate of 18% per annum.
On November 22, 2021, the March 2021 Investor extended the maturity date to March 31, 2022 in exchange for a payment of $486,474. On April 7, 2022, the March 2021 Investor extended the maturity date of the March 2021 Investor Note to April 30, 2022. On May 5, 2022, the March 2021 Investor converted a portion of his March 2021 Investor Note, in the amount of $300,000 for 1,500,000 common shares of the Company, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share as stipulated in the March 2021 SPA and forgave the balance of the March 2021 Investor Note.
Contemporaneously with the forgiveness of the remaining balance of the March 2021 Investor Note, the March 2021 Investor subscribed for 1,000,000 common shares of the Company that have a 6-month trading restriction for cash proceeds of $300,000. The shares were issued on May 3, 2022 at a price of $0.30 per share.
These transactions have been accounted for as a single transaction, that together resulted in the extinguishment of the March 2021 Investor Note. The shares issued as described above have been recognized at their respective fair values. The Company recognized a revaluation loss of $1,138,308 during the year ended December 31, 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $1,010,761, resulting in a net fair value loss of $127,547 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 5,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "March 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the March 2021 Investor Note.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
(b) On April 1, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "April 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "April 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the April 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "April 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $275,000. The April 2021 Investor Note includes an OID of $25,000. In addition, the April 2021 Investor was issued 200,000 common shares immediately subsequent to the issue date The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the April 2021 Investor Note was September 30, 2021. The April 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "April 2021 Interest Rate"). The April 2021 Investor is entitled to, at its option, at any time after issuance of the April 2021 Investor Note, convert all or any amount of the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest of the April 2021 Investor Note into Common Stock, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share. The original terms of the April 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid until 180 days from its issue date at a prepayment premium of 120%. Any portion of the April 2021 Investor Note which is not repaid by the maturity date will bear interest at the default interest rate of 18% per annum.
On December 9, 2021, the April 2021 Investor agreed to adjust the balance of the note, as it was past due, to $400,000. On January 4, 2022, the April 2021 Investor provided the Company with a request to convert the April 2021 Investor Note into 2,000,000 common shares of the Company issued on January 17, 2022, at a conversion price of $0.20 per share, as stipulated in the April 2021 SPA. On conversion, the fair value of the April 2021 Investor Note was $8,790 higher than the balance at December 31, 2021. This increase is included in the loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 5,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "April 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the April 2021 Investor Note.
(c)
On June 16, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "June 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "June 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the June 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "June 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $450,000. The June 2021 Investor Note includes an OID of $35,000. In addition, the June 2021 Investor was issued 1,000,000 common shares of the Company. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the June 2021 Investor Note is June 16, 2022. The June 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "June 2021 Interest Rate"), which shall be paid by the Company to the June 2021 Investor on a monthly basis, commencing on the first of the month following issuance. The June 2021 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default (as defined in the June 2021 Investor Note), with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from an event of default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price (i) during the previous twenty (20) trading day (as defined in the June 2021 Investor Note) period ending on the issuance date of the June 2021 Investor Note, or (ii) during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on date of conversion of the June 2021 Investor Note. The June 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid at any time in cash equal to the sum of (a) the then outstanding principal amount of the June 2021 Investor Note plus (b) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal balance of the June 2021 Investor Note plus (c) default interest (as defined in the June 2021 Investor note on the occurrence of a default), if any.
On June 23, 2022, the Company and the June 2021 Investor executed one convertible promissory note (the "June 2022 Investor Note") in the amount of $1,200,000, bearing interest at 10% and having an OID of 10%. The maturity date of the June 2022 Investor Note is the earlier of December 23, 2022 and the date of the Company's uplist to a national securities exchange. The proceeds from the June 2022 Investor Note were used to repay this investor's June 2021 Investor Note and their December 2021 Investor Note which matured June 2, 2022 and June 16, 2022 respectively. The net proceeds, after repaying the December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note and related disbursements totaled approximately $204,000. The net proceeds were received on June 28, 2022. In addition, the Company issued 1,333,333 common shares to the June 2022 Investor on June 29, 2022. which were included in the determination of the gain on extinguishment and recognized at fair value. The extinguishment is discussed under paragraph (h) below.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
The Company initially reserved 7,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "June 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the June 2021 Investor Note.
(d) On August 26, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "August 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "August 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the August 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "August 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $142,200. The August 2021 Investor Note included an OID of $13,450. In addition, the August 2021 Investor was issued 80,000 common shares of the Company. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The maturity date of the August 2021 Investor Note is August 26, 2022. The August 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "August 2021 Interest Rate"). The August 2021 Investor Note will include a one-time interest charge of $14,220, which shall be at repayable by the Company in 10 equal monthly amounts of $15,642 (including principal and interest) commencing October 15, 2021.
The August 2021 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default (as defined in the August 2021 Investor Note), with default interest accruing at the default interest rate of 22% per annum, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 75% (representing a 25% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price (i) during the previous five (5) trading day (as defined in the August 2021 Investor Note), period prior to conversion. The Company has the right to accelerate the monthly payments or prepay the August 2021 Investor Note at any time without penalty.
On May 5, 2022, the August 2021 Investor settled the balance of his August 2021 Investor Note for 141,878 common shares of the Company. The settlement was accounted for as an extinguishment because it was settled through the issuance of shares, which were recognized at their fair value in the determination of the gain on extinguishment. The Company recognized a revaluation loss of $1,615 during the year ended December 31, 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $18,311, resulting in a net fair value gain of $16,696 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 2,972,951 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "August 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the August 2021 Investor Note.
(e)
On October 28 and 29, 2021, the Company entered into two securities purchase agreement (the "October 2021 SPAs) with two investors (the "October 2021 Investors") pursuant to which the Company issued to the October 2021 Investors two 15% OID unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "October 2021 Investor Notes") in the principal amount of $1,765,118. The October 2021 Investor Notes are convertible, with accrued interest, from time to time on notice of a liquidity event (a "Liquidity Event"). A Liquidity Event is defined as a public offering of the Company's common stock resulting in the listing for trading of the common stock on any one of a number of exchanges. The October 2021 Investor Notes can be prepaid prior to maturity for an amount of 120% of the prepayment amount.
The maturity date of the October 2021 Investor Notes is the earlier of (i) July 28 and 29, 2022 and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, as described above (the "Maturity Date"). Upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, the October 2021 Investors are entitled to convert all or a portion of their October 2021 Investor Notes including any accrued and unpaid interest at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Liquidity Event.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the interest rate on the October 2021 Investor Notes will immediately accrue at 24% per annum and be paid in cash monthly to the October 2021 Investors, until the default is cured. And, the Conversion Price will be reset to 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price for the ten consecutive trading days ending on the trading day that is immediately prior to the applicable conversion date.
On May 11, 2022, the holder of the October 29, 2021 investor note, provided an amendment for an optional conversion of his investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of his investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in the amendment.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent a notice of default from one of the October 2021 Investors, whose investor note was issued on October 29, 2021. And, on September 15, 2022, the Company and the investor of the October 2021 investor note entered into an amendment to the October 2021 investor note which served as a cure to the previously issued default notice.
Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the October 29, 2021 investor, agreed that the outstanding principal amount of his October 29, 2021 investor note would increase by 10% to $1,618,100 from the previously issued principal amount of $1,471,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was changed to November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date would automatically be extended to January 15, 2023 provided that the October 29, 2021 investor does not notify the Company in writing prior to the maturity date that the automatic extension of the maturity date has been cancelled. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the October 29, 2021 investor note into shares of the Company's common stock.
Further, the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to convert more than $100,000 in any one conversion notice and the October 29, 2021 investor agreed not to issue an additional conversion notice unless and until any previously issued conversion shares have been sold by the October 29, 2021 investor or exceed 10% of the daily trading volume in selling the shares of the Company's common stock.
On September 21, 2022 and November 10, 2022, the October 29, 2021 investor issued conversion notices to the Company and the Company issued 372,090 common shares at conversion prices ranging from $0.1885 to $0.2339 per share respectively, on the conversion of $25,000 and $50,000 respectively, of the October 29, 2021 investor note, have a fair market value of $97,129 on conversion. The October 29, 2021 investor has not informed the Company of an extension to the current maturity date, but continues to issue conversion notices to the Company.
On December 22, 2022, the October 28, 2021 investor, whose October 28, 2021 investor note had a previous Principal Amount of $294,118 and a maturity date of July 28, 2022, provided the Company with an amendment whereby the maturity date of his October 28, 2021 investor note was extended to the earlier of July 28, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In addition, the Company agreed that the investor could convert his October 28, 2021, investor note into shares of the Company's common stock at any time at the investor's option. Previously, the October 2021 Note was only convertible upon the occurrence of the Liquidity Event. The Company also agreed to change the conversion price to be the lowest trading bid price of the Company's common stock on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied with a 35% discount to that lowest price. Previously, the conversion price was a 30% discount to the price at which the securities were sold in connection with the Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to issue the investor 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized revaluation losses of $774,187 in consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The Company initially reserved 1,585,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "October 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to be issued upon conversion of the October 2021 Investor Notes.
(f) On December 2, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "December 2021 SPA") with one investor (the "December 2021 Investor") pursuant to which the Company issued to the December 2021 Investor one 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the "December 2021 Investor Note") in the principal amount of $350,000. The December 2021 Investor Note included an OID of $35,000. In addition, the December 2021 Investor was issued 857,143 common shares of the Company. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
The maturity date of the December 2021 Investor Note is June 2, 2022. The December 2021 Investor Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum (the "December 2021 Interest Rate"), which shall be paid by the Company to the December 2021 Investor on a monthly basis, commencing on the first of the month following issuance. The December 2021 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default (as defined in the December 2021 Investor Note), with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from the event of default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price (i) during the previous twenty (20) trading day (as defined in the December 2021 Investor Note) period ending on the issuance date of the December 2021 Investor Note, or (ii) during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on date of conversion of the December 2021 Investor Note. The December 2021 Investor Note may be prepaid at any time in cash equal to the sum of (a) the then outstanding principal amount of the December 2021 Investor Note plus (b) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal balance of the December 2021 Investor Note plus (c) default interest (as defined in the December 2021 Investor Note) on the occurrence of an event of default), if any.
As noted above under paragraph (c), on June 23, 2022, this December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note were fully repaid with accrued interest from a portion of the proceeds on the issuance of the June 2022 Investor Note in the principal amount of $1,200,000. The extinguishment is discussed under paragraph (h) below.
The Company initially reserved 5,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "December 2021 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the December 2021 Investor Note.
(g) On March 3 and 7, 2022, the Company executed two unsecured convertible promissory notes with two investors (the "March 2022 Investors"), who purchased 25% original issue discount (the "OID") unsecured convertible promissory notes (the "The March 2022 Investor Notes") in the aggregate principal amount totaling $2,000,000 (the "Principal Amount") with such Principal Amount convertible into shares of the Company's common stock (the "Common Stock") from time to time triggered by the occurrence of certain events. The March 2022 Investor Notes carried an OID totaling $500,000 which is included in the principal balance of the Notes. The funds were received on March 7, 2022 and March 11, 2022 in the total amount of $1,425,000, net of the OID and professional fees.
The maturity date of the Notes is the earlier of (i) June 3 and 7, 2022, and (ii) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event (as defined in the Notes) (the "Maturity Date"). The final payment of the Principal Amount (and default interest, if any) shall be paid by the Company to the Investors on the Maturity Date. On an event of default, the principal amount of the March 2020 Investor Notes will increase to 120% of their original principal amounts. The Investors are entitled to, following an event of default, (as defined in the March 2022 Investor Notes) to convert all or any amount of the Principal Amount and any interest accruing at the default interest rate of 24% per annum into Common Stock, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to 70% (representing a 30% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at any national security exchange or over-the-counter marketplace for the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the March 2022 Investors' notice of conversion.
On May 11, 2022, the holder of the March 3, 2022 Investor Note and on May 13, 2022, the holder of the March 7, 2022 Investor Note, each provided an amendment for an optional conversion of their investor notes. The conversion price was amended to be (i) the product of the Liquidity Event price multiplied by the discount of 35% (previously 30%) or (2) the greater of (i) the product of the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock as reported by the applicable trading market on the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date multiplied by the discount (35%) or $1.70 multiplied by the discount (35%), provided that in the event of a conversion, of his investor note, at a time that a Liquidity Event shall not have previously occurred and be continuing, the conversion price for such conversion shall be as provided in amendment for each.
Further, on June 29, 2022, the March 2022 Investors revised their March 2022 Investor Notes, to extend the maturity date to August 15, 2022 and increase the principal amount of each of the March 2022 Investor Notes by twenty percent (20%), from a Principal Amount of $2,000,000 to $2,400,000. In addition, the Company agreed to issue 100,000 common shares to the March 2022 Investor. These restricted shares of the Company's common stock will survive a reverse stock split prior to listing. The common shares were issued on July 11, 2022. The restructurings were accounted for as extinguishments as they were renegotiated after maturity. The Company recognized revaluation losses on these notes of $3,811,516 during the year ended December 31 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $1,532,583, resulting in a net fair value loss of $2,278,933 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
On August 16, 2022, the Company was sent notices of default from the March 2022 Investors. And, on September 15, 2022, the Company and the March 2022 Investors entered into an amendment to the March 2022 Investor Notes which served as a cure to the previously issued default notices.
Pursuant to the September 15, 2022 amendment, the Company and the March 2022 Investors, agreed that the outstanding Principal Amount totaling $2,400,000 would increase by 10% to $2,640,000. The new agreed upon maturity date was now November 15, 2022, subject to certain conditions and the maturity date was extended to January 15, 2023. In connection with this amendment, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to promptly facilitate the conversion of the March 2022 Investor Notes into shares of the Company's common stock only after the October 29, 2021 investor note, as described under paragraph (e) above, has been fully converted.
Further, in the event that the October 29, 2021 investor note has been fully converted and the conversion shares sold, thereafter, the March 2022 Investor Notes may both be converted at the March 2022 Investors' discretion on a pari-passu basis, provided, however, that no conversion shall exceed $50,000 for each of the March 2022 Investor Notes and each of the March 2022 Investors shall not sell more than 5% of the daily trading volume in selling the Company's shares of common stock.
(h)
On June 23, 2022, the Company executed one convertible promissory note (the "June 2022 Investor Note") with an investor (the "June 2022 Investor") in the amount of $1,200,000 bearing interest at 10% per annum and having an OID of 10%. The maturity date of the June 2022 Investor Note is the earlier of December 23, 2022 and the date of the Company's uplist to a national securities exchange. The proceeds from the June 2022 Investor Note were used to repay this investor's June 2021 Investor Note and their December 2021 Investor Note which matured June 16, 2022 and June 2, 2022 respectively, plus accrued interest. The net proceeds, after repaying the December 2021 Investor Note and the June 2021 Investor Note with accrued interest and related disbursements totaled approximately $204,000. The net proceeds were received on June 28, 2022. In addition, the Company issued 1,333,333 common shares to the June 2022 Investor on June 29, 2022 which have been included in the determination of the extinguishment gain and recognized at fair value. The restructuring was accounted for as extinguishments as it was renegotiated after maturity. The Company recognized a revaluation loss of $2,588,954 during the year ended December 31, 2022 and a related gain on extinguishment of $1,713,165, resulting in a net fair value loss of $875,789 on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other expenses.
The June 2022 Investor may convert the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest into the Company's common stock from time to time following an event of default ('Event of Default"), as defined in the June 2022 Investor Note, with interest accruing at the default interest rate of 15% per annum from the Event of Default, at a conversion price (the "Conversion Price") equal to the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the price per share of the Common Stock at the public offering associated with the Event of Default.
On December 29, 2022, the Company and the investor agreed to extend the maturity date to the earlier of June 23, 2023 or the occurrence of a Liquidity Event. In consideration for the extension of the maturity date, the Company agreed to: (i) increase the principal amount to $1,320,000.00 (the "Increased Principal Amount"); (ii) that interest is payable on the Increased Principal Amount and that such interest (but not any default interest that becomes due) is paid in full and in advance by the Company issuing to the June 2022 Investor 450,000 shares of the Company's common stock and (iii) issue to the June 2022 Investor 666,667 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Modification Fee Shares"). The parties agreed that the Modification Fee Shares served as an increase in the amount of commitment fee shares issued to the investor pursuant to the securities purchase agreement signed by the Company and the June 2022 Investor on June 23, 2022, in connection with the issuance of the June 2022 Investor Note. The Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares.
The Company initially reserved 8,000,000 of its authorized and unissued Common Stock (the "June 2022 Reserved Amount"), free from pre-emptive rights, to provide for the issuance of Common Stock upon the full conversion of the June 2022 Investor Note.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
12. Convertible Promissory Notes, (continued)
Pursuant to the terms of the security purchase agreements for the convertible promissory notes described above, for so long as the noted investors own any shares of Common Stock issued upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes, the Company has covenanted to secure and maintain the listing of such shares of Common Stock. The Company is also subject to certain customary negative covenants under the investor notes and the security purchase agreements, including but not limited to the requirement to maintain its corporate existence and assets, require registration of or stockholder approval for the investor notes or the Common Stock upon the conversion of the applicable investor notes.
The convertible promissory notes described above, contain certain representations, warranties, covenants and events of default including if the Company is delinquent in its periodic report filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission which would increase the amount of the principal and interest rates under the convertible promissory notes in the event of such defaults. In the event of a default, at the option of the applicable investor and in their sole discretion, the applicable investor may consider any of their convertible promissory notes immediately due and payable.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 2,372,090 common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes, having fair values on conversion in the amount of $579,247, at conversion prices ranging from $0.1885 to $0.2339 per share. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued 3,767,029 common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes, in the amount of $809,901, including accrued interest and related costs of $68,901. The share conversion prices ranged from $0.156 to $0.26 per share (on the 2019 convertible promissory notes).
In addition, 3,975,211 share were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair value on issuance of $1,591,245.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred interest of $nil (2021-$104,412) (on the 2019 convertible promissory notes).
Refer also to going concern, note 2.
Fair value option for the 2022 and 2021 convertible promissory notes
The Company is eligible to elect the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments and bypass analysis of the potential embedded derivative features described above. The Company believes that the fair value option better reflects the underlying economics of the convertible promissory notes issued in 2021 and 2022. As a result, the 2021 and 2022 promissory notes were recorded at fair value upon issuance and subsequently remeasured at each reporting date until settled or converted. The Company recognized the notes initially at fair value, which exceeded the proceeds received resulting in a day one loss that has been recognized in net loss. Transaction and other issuance costs have been expensed as incurred. Subsequently, the Company recognizes the notes at fair value with changes in net loss.
Gains and losses attributable to changes in credit risk were insignificant during 2022 and 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a loss of $659,526 (2021-$244,729) at the time of issuance of the convertible promissory notes, and an additional loss of $7,663,844 (2021-$774,096) attributed to the change in fair value of the convertible promissory notes. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $101,000 (2021-$159,250) which were expensed as incurred.
13. Fair Value Measurement
The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation:
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021
Using
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets: $ -
-
-
$ -
-
Liabilities:
Convertible promissory notes
-
-
7,796,433
7,796,433
3,798,516
$ -
-
7,796,433
$ 7,796,433
3,798,516
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
13. Fair Value Measurement (continued)
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3. There were no other financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022.
The following table summarizes the change in Level 3 financial instruments during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Fair value at December 31, 2021 $ 3,798,516
$ -
Fair value at issuance
2,159,526
3,092,819
Repayments
(136,880 )
(68,399 )
Mark to market adjustment
7,663,844
774,096
Settlement
(5,688,573 )
-
Fair value at December 31, 2022 $ 7,796,433
$ 3,798,516
Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and subsequent financial reporting dates was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of the convertible promissory notes at issuance and at each reporting period was estimated based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company used a scenario-based binomial model to estimate the fair value of the convertible promissory notes. The model determines the fair value from a market participant's perspective by evaluating the payouts under hold, convert, or call decisions. The most significant estimates and assumptions used as inputs are those concerning type, timing and probability of specific scenario outcomes. Specifically, the Company assigned a probability of default, which would increase the required payout as described in Note 12 and calculated the fair value under each scenario.
At the issuance dates of the convertible promissory notes, the probability of default ("PD") was assumed to be 75% (2021-50%), except for those which were amended post maturity, which were assumed to be 100%. The probability of default was determined in reference to a 1-year PD rate for a 'CCC+' rating at issuance, and a combination of 'CC' and 'CCC-' credit ratings at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Increasing (decreasing) the probability of default would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Other significant unobservable inputs include the expected volatility and the credit spread. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility over a look-back period that was consistent with the balance-remaining term of the instruments. A range of 92% to 159% was used for the expected volatility (2021-95% to 160%). The discount for lack of marketability was determined using a range of option pricing methodologies using the remaining restriction term corresponding to each instrument on the relevant valuation date. The credit spread was determined in reference to credit yields of companies with similar credit risk at the date of valuation. A premium of 10% (2021-10%) was added to the credit spread as an instrument specific adjustment to reflect the Company's risk of default. A range of 24.4% to 25.6% (2021-15.25% to 18.39%) was used for the credit spread.
14. Loans Payable to Related Parties
Director $ 40,000
$ -
The loan owing to director was received by the Company on June 6, 2022, is unsecured, bearing interest at 5% per annum and due on demand.
During the year ended December 31, 2022 $1,134 was incurred on the director loan. As at December 31, 2022, $1,088 of accrued interest is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
December 31, 2021, $264 (C$331) of interest was incurred on loans from the CFO which were repaid during the year and $nil (C$nil) in interest was incurred on the loans payable to the CEO.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
14. Loans Payable to Related Parties, (continued)
During the year ended December 31, 2022, a director's company, Travellers, converted a total of $nil (C$nil) (2021-$371,001; C$461,620) of loans provided during the year and $33,371 (C$45,200) (2021-$80,323; C$101,700) of accounts payable owing to Travellers for 193,778 (2021-1,726,076) common shares.
15. Capital Stock
As at December 31, 2022, the Company had 150,000,000 common shares authorized with a par value of $.0001 per share and 113,438,832 (December 31, 2021-92,983,547) common shares issued and outstanding.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 2,372,090 (2021-3,767,029) common shares on the conversion of convertible promissory notes, having a fair value on conversion in the amount of $579,247 (2021-$nil on the 2019 convertible promissory notes) for $579,247 (2021-$756,000, including accrued interest and related costs of $53,901, in total $809,901), including 372,090 common shares on the conversion of $75,000 of the October 29, 2021 convertible promisory note. The share conversion prices ranged from $0.1885 to $0.2339 (2021- $0.156 to $0.26) per share. And during the year, Travellers converted $nil (2021-$371,001; (C$461,620) of loans provided during the year and $33,371(C$45,200) (2021-$80,323; C$101,700) of accounts payable into 193,778 (2021-1,726,076) common shares of the Company. Any increase in the fair value over and above the principal amount of the convertible promissory note conversions is included in the loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes under other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company raised $907,760 (2021-$292,866) net of share issue costs of $1,440 (2021-$10,620), on a private placement for 4,444,041 (2021-1,195,348) common shares at issue prices ranging from $0.154 to $0.45 (2021-$0.25-$0.26) per share. Further, 6,655,000 (2021-1,658,832) common shares of the Company were issued for professional services valued at $2,186,110, (2021-$448,719) based on the closing trading prices on the effective date of the consulting agreements. A portion of the value of the professional services, $374,531 (2021-$73,172) is included in prepaid expenses and deposits and the balance relating to 2022 $2,092,230 (2021-$379,222), is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Further, a portion of the value of the professional services, $141,302 (C$178,367), in the year ended December 31, 2021 is disclosed as acquisition costs on the purchase of the Hamilton assets and financing cost on the mortgages payable in the consolidated balance sheets In addition, 4,125,211 share were issued on the issuance of debt on extinguishment of existing debt having a fair value on issuance of $1,652,715 and 1,616,667 common shares were issued on the extension of the maturity dates on convertible promissory notes having a fair value on issuance of $231,067. Further, on September 8, 2022, 241,502 common shares were returned to treasury.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued several investor notes as described in note 12, convertible promissory notes, and issued a total of 2,337,143 common shares of the Company to the investors. This included 200,000 common shares to the March 2021 Investor, 200,000 common shares to the April 2021 Investor 1,000,000 common shares to the June 2021 Investor, 80,000 common shares to the August 2021 Investor and 857,143 common shares to the December 2021 Investor. For these 2,337,143 common shares, the Company used the with-and-without method to allocate the proceeds between the convertible promissory note and the common shares. As a result, all of the proceeds were allocated to the convertible promissory note and $nil to the common shares. In addition, the Company issued a total of 72,500 common shares to two consultants representing the October 2021 Investors, valued at $16,240, based on the closing trading price on issuance.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2021, pursuant to the December 8, 2021, minutes of settlement, the former chief executive officer returned 2,011,500 shares of the Company's Common Stock which the Company later canceled on December 29, 2021.
On January 3, 2022, the Company issued 1,000,000 (2021-1,000,000) common shares to the CEO and 50,000 (2021-50,000) common shares to the CFO in connection with their executive consulting agreements, valued at $240,450 (2021-$217,035), based on the closing trading price on issuance and included under management stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. Also, on January 17 and March 4, 2023, January 4, 2021, the Company issued 230,000 common shares on proceeds of $48,990 (2021-$8,580, previously received.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had a total of 750,000 (2021-280,000) common shares to be issued for professional services, priced at the trading price on the effective date of the consulting agreements, in total $213,600 (2021-$59,640).
On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 3,000,000 common shares to the CEO and 100,000 common shares to the CFO, in connection with their consulting agreements, effective January 1, 2023. And, on the same date, the Company issued 20,000 common shares to an employee.
Refer to note 22, subsequent events, for common shares issued to service providers for professional services after the year-end.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
16. Commitments
a) Effective January 1, 2023, new executive consulting agreements were finalized for the services of the CEO and the CFO, for two years and one year, respectively. The CEO's monthly fee is $29,532 (C$40,000) for 2023 and 2022 $36,915 (C$50,000) for 2023 and for the CFO $9,229 (C$12,500). The future minimum commitment under these consulting agreements, is as follows:
For the year ending December 31, 2023 $ 465,132
For the year ending December 31, 2024
442,980
$ 908,112
b) The Company has agreed to lease its office premises from Haute on a month-to-month basis, at the monthly rate of $6,645 (C$9,000). The Company is responsible for all expenses and outlays in connection with its occupancy of the leased premises, including, but not limited to utilities, realty taxes and maintenance.
c) Effective February 3, 2021, upon the successful completion of a Nasdaq listing, the Company has committed a payment of $300,000 to a consulting firm providing advisory and consulting services.
d) On November 5, 2021 the Company committed to the design and construction of its Hamilton, Ontario, Canada facility, including architectural and general contracting fees in the amount of $6,737,585 (C$9,125,809) plus applicable harmonized sales taxes.
e) Effective November 1, 2022, the Company acquired the exclusive rights to the use of a well-known athlete's name, endorsement and the like, for the purposes of advertisement, promotion and sale of the Company's products. In return, the Company issued 500,000 common shares of the Company and the individual's company is entitled to the following fees:
$125,000 sixty days subsequent to the Company's shares listed on the Nasdaq or another senior exchange.
$125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the first payment above and,
$125,000 on the one-year anniversary of the second payment above.
There is also an arrangement to issue 250,000 warrants to the company once the Company's shares are listed on the Nasdaq or another major exchange.
f) The Company was assigned the land lease on the purchase of certain assets of Astoria Organic Matters Ltd., and Astoria Organic Matters Canada LP. The land lease, which comprises 13.88 acres in Roslin, Ontario, Canada, has a term expiring March 31, 2034. The basic monthly rent on the net lease is $2,215 (C$3,000) and is subject to adjustment based on the consumer price index as published by Statistics Canada ("CPI"). To date, no adjustment for CPI has been charged. The Company is also responsible for any property taxes, maintenance, insurance and utilities. In addition, the Company has the right to extend the lease for five further terms of five years each and one further term of five years less one day. As the Company acquired the business of 1684567, the previous landlord, in 2019, there are no future commitments for this lease. The Company is responsible through a special provision of the site plan agreement with the City of Belleville (the "City"), Ontario, Canada, that it is required to fund road maintenance required by the City through to September 30, 2025 at an annual rate of $7,383 (C$10,000). The future minimum commitment is as follows:
For the year ending December 31, 2023 $ 7,383
For the year ending December 31, 2024
7,383
For the year ending December 31, 2025
7,383
$ 22,149
PACE had provided the Company a letter of credit in favor of the MECP in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831) and, as security, has registered a charge of lease over the organic waste processing and composting facility, located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario,
Canada. The current PACE letter of credit will expire on September 30, 2023, or sooner, once the Company arranges with its financial institution for a new letter of credit, with the new amount of $470,767 (C$637,637) as notified by the MECP.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
16. Commitments, (continued)
The letter of credit is a requirement of the MECP and is in connection with the financial assurance provided by the Company for it to be in compliance with the MECPs environmental objectives. The MECP regularly evaluates the Company's organic waste processing and composting facility to ensure compliance is adhered to and the letter of credit is subject to change by the MECP. The Company has updated its financial assurance with the MECP which is based on the estimated environmental remediation and clean-up costs for its organic waste processing and composting facility. As a result of audits conducted by the MECP in December of 2020, the Company has accrued estimated and actual costs for corrective measures because of the MECP's audits totaling $676,635, (C$904,287) (2021-$334,498; C$424,059). As at December 31, 2022, the MECP has not drawn on the letter of credit.
17. Other Expenses
(a) Gain on forgiveness of convertible promissory notes $ -
$ 420,216
(b) Gain on disposal of long-lived assets
-
44,591
(c) Impairment loss on ECAs
-
(457,853 )
(d) Impairment loss on trademarks
-
(48,374 )
(e) Impairment loss on customer lists
-
(7,027 )
(f) Settlement payment
(250,000 )
-
(g) Other revenue-carbon credits
131,020
-
(h) Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes
4,274,820
-
(i) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes
(8,323,370 )
(1,018,825 )
$ (4,167,530 ) $ (1,067,272 )
(a) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the settlement of the March 2019 Investor Notes resulted in a forgiveness of $196,397, including accrued interest and related costs and on the settlement of the May 2019 Investor Note, the July 2019 Investor Note and the October 2019 Investor Note, $223,819, including accrued and related costs.
(b) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company disposed of certain long-lived assets for proceeds of $48,727 (C$61,062) and realized a gain on disposal of $44,591 (C$55,879).
(c) On December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss on its ECAs in the amount of $457,853 (C$573,751).
(d) On December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss on its customer lists in the amount of $48,374 (C$60,619).
(e) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss on its customer lists of $7,027 (C$8,806).
(f) Accrued a settlement payment for the release of services of a party for an underwriting offering dated March 23, 2022 and amended May 23, 2022.
(g) Proceeds on the sale of carbon credits on the Greenhouse Gas Clean Projects® Registry, including the harmonized sales tax, in total $142,105 (C$192,476).
(h) Gain on extinguishment of convertible promissory notes.
(i) Loss on revaluation of convertible promissory notes.
18. Income Taxes
The Company's income tax provision has been calculated as follows:
Loss before income taxes $ (12,082,636 ) $ (4,901,397 )
Expected income tax recovery at the statutory rate of 21% (2021-21%)
(2,537,354 )
(1,029,293 )
Foreign tax rate differences
(133,836 )
(144,045 )
Prior year adjustments
50,972
62,575
Foreign exchange effect on deferred tax assets and other
112,591
1,702
Permanent differences
1,545,782
163,693
Change in valuation allowance
889,757
909,826
Provision for income taxes $ (72,088 ) $ (35,542 )
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
18. Income Taxes, (continued)
The Company's income tax provision is allocated as follows:
Current Tax (recovery)
-
(26,505 )
Deferred Tax (recovery)
(72,088 )
(9,037 )
$ (72,088 ) $ (35,542 )
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are presented below:
Net operating loss carry forwards $ 3,742,661
$ 2,836,838
Financing costs
84,502
31,614
Depreciable and amortizable assets
9,123
(67,349 )
Land
(171,469 )
(184,369 )
Convertible promissory notes
(110,924 )
110,026
Other timing differences
136,549
-
Total gross deferred income tax assets
3,690,442
2,726,760
Less: valuation allowance
3,690,442
(2,800,685 )
Total deferred income tax liabilities $ -
$ (73,925 )
Movement in deferred income tax liabilities:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ (73,925 ) $ (82,501 )
Recognized in profit/loss
72,088
9,037
Recognized in OCI
1,837
(461 )
Balance at the end of the year $ -
$ (73,925 )
As at December 31, 2022 and 2021, the valuation allowance was due to the history of losses generated. The valuation allowance is reviewed periodically and if the assessment of the more likely than not criteria changes, the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly.
Potential benefits of income tax losses are not recognized in the accounts until realization is more likely than not. The Company computes tax asset benefits for net operating losses ("NOL") carried forward.
The Company has US NOL available for carry forward of $5,537,874 (2021-$3,400,418) which can be carried forward indefinitely and Canadian NOL available for carry forward of $9,734,745 (C$13,185,352) (2021-$7,918,029; C$10,038,069) which expire in the years 2036 through 2042.
19. Segmented Information
ASC 280-10, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
The Company uses a management approach for determining segments. The management approach designates the internal organization that is used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company's reportable segments. The Company's management reporting structure provides for only one segment: renewable energy and operates in one country, Canada.
20. Economic Dependence
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company generated 84% (2021-69%) of its revenue from three (2021-three) customers.
SusGlobal Energy Corp.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 and 2021
(Expressed in United States Dollars)
21. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from the ordinary course of business. Management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
The Company has a claim against it for unpaid legal fees in the amount of $48,167 (C$65,241). The amount is included in accounts payable on the Company's consolidated balance sheets
22. Subsequent Events
The Company's management has evaluated subsequent events up to the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, pursuant to the requirements of ASC 855 and has determined the following to be material subsequent events:
(a) On January 3, 2023, the Company issued 3,000,000 common shares to the CEO and 100,000 common shares to the CFO, in connection with their consulting agreements, effective January 1, 2023. And, on the same date, the Company issued 20,000 common shares to an employee.
(b) On January 10, 2023, February 10, 2023 and March 9, 2023 and April 4, 2023, one of the October 2021 Investors provided the Company with notices of conversion totaling $193,100 for his October 2021 investor note, in exchange for 1,424,465 common shares of the Company at conversion prices ranging from $0.1333 to $0.1990 per share.
(c) On January 27, 2023 and February 1, 2023, the Company issued 910,000 common shares to three consultants for various business consulting, valued at $253,080, based on the trading price at the close of business on the effective date of the consulting agreements. And, on March 1, 2023, 100,000 common shares to the newly appointed director
(d) On March 28, 2023, the Company and PACE finalized a full and final mutual release of all the obligations owing to PACE, including accrued interest, in exchange for an amount of $922,875 (C$1,250,000). The funds are being held in escrow by the Company's Canadian legal counsel. The funds will be released to PACE once the letter of credit, in the amount of $204,384 (C$276,831) is released by the MECP to PACE. On December 31, 2022, prior to this full and final mutual release, the obligations owing to PACE, included under long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $3,446,586 (C$4,668,273). The Company raised the funds by securing a 2nd. mortgage in the amount of $1,107,450 (C$1,500,000) prior to disbursements of $184,575 (C$250,000), on its Belleville, Ontario Canada property.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of senior management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, also our principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2022 (the "Evaluation Date"). Based on this evaluation, Marc Hazout, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2022. Such conclusions were noted below.
Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The framework used by management to evaluate internal controls over financial reporting is Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), as implemented by their subsequent publication Internal Control over Financial Reporting - Guidance for Smaller Public Companies. Based on this evaluation, Marc Hazout, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2022. The matters involving internal controls over financial reporting that may be considered material weaknesses included the small size of the Company and the resulting lack of a segregation of duties.
Management has engaged the services of specialists to assist with certain material weaknesses noted above and increasing its internal accounting staff to improve its internal controls over financial reporting.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission which permanently exempt smaller reporting companies.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
Not applicable
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Our Board of Directors consisted of three independent directors and one director who is from management at December 31, 2022. Subsequent to the year-end, on February 24, 2023, a new director was appointed. For the size and scope of our business and operations, we believe a board of approximately five members is more appropriate and small enough to allow for effective communication among the members but large enough so that we get a diverse set of perspectives and experiences around our board room. Our bylaws provide that, in uncontested elections, directors will be elected by a majority of the votes cast, and in contested elections, directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.
Each director on our Board of Directors will serve a one-year term or until their successor has been duly elected and qualified, subject to their earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Pursuant to the DGCL and our bylaws, in general, any vacancies on our Board of Directors resulting from death, retirement, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause may be filled only by an affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:
Name
Age
Position
Marc M. Hazout
Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Ike Makrimichalos
Chief Financial Officer
Andrea Calla
Director
Gary Herman
Director
Susan Harte
Director
Bruce Rintoul
Director
We believe that each of our directors and executive officers possesses the experience, skills and qualities to fully perform his duties as a director or executive officer and contribute to our success. Our directors were nominated because each is of high ethical character, highly accomplished in his field with superior credentials and recognition, has a reputation, both personal and professional, that is consistent with our image and reputation, has the ability to exercise sound business judgment, and is able to dedicate sufficient time to fulfilling his obligations as a director. Our directors as a group complement each other and each of their respective experiences, skills and qualities so that collectively the Board operates in an effective, collegial and responsive manner. Similarly, for the executive officers. Described below, are the directors' and executive officers' principal occupations and other pertinent information about particular experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that led the Board and management to conclude that such person should serve as a director or executive officer.
Marc M. Hazout, age 58, founded SusGlobal Energy Corp. in 2014, and currently serves as Chairman, President and CEO. Mr. Hazout brings over 25 years of experience in public markets, finance and business operations to SusGlobal Energy Corp. Over the past several years Mr. Hazout has been involved in acquiring, restructuring and providing management services, as both a Director and an Officer, to several publicly traded companies. In 1998, Mr. Hazout founded and has been President and CEO of Travellers International Inc., a private equity firm headquartered in Toronto. Travellers has been involved in a multitude of successful capital market transactions over the past two decades. Mr. Hazout attended York University in Toronto studying International Relations and Economics. Mr. Hazout speaks English, French, and Hebrew.
The determination was made that Mr. Hazout should serve on our Board of Directors because he possesses significant experience in securities and capital markets.
Ike Makrimichalos, age 67, is a Chartered Professional Accountant (Chartered Accountant), with over 25 years of experience in servicing public and private companies, including manufacturing, automotive, technology & telecommunications and insurance, for Deloitte LLP in Toronto. Mr. Makrimichalos has served as a Chief Financial Officer and Controller in the mining sector for companies with global operations and multiple filing jurisdictions and currently also serves as a Chief Financial Officer in the financial services sector, along with providing financial consulting services for several private companies. Mr. Makrimichalos graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Arts degree.
The determination was made that Mr. Ike Makrimichalos join the executive team because he possesses significant experience in financial reporting and accounting matters.
Independent Directors
Andrea Calla, age 70, has been a member of the Board since November 14, 2018. Mr. Calla is President and CEO of the Calla Group and is an accomplished professional with over 35 years of experience in business, more recently a senior executive for ten years with The Tridel Group, one of Canada's largest community builders/developers. He was actively involved in the different company divisions and all facets of the industry. He is also Managing Partner of The Callian Capital Group, a globally active Toronto-based investment and capital management firm. Mr. Calla has held key leadership and entrepreneurial roles driving innovative, practical and effective changes to improve quality of life through various company start-ups across diverse industries, some include: Chairman, Deep Geo Inc., a global nuclear waste management company, Chairman & Co-Founder of TransAsia Investment Partners, Hong Kong, Founding Director of 350 Capital, a "cleantech" investment company, Co-Founder of Nordicon, a design-build company, Canada, US, Mid-East, Founding member of Novator, pioneer in e-commerce and AI, helped make it the 14th fastest growing company in Canada, reported by Profit 100 magazine, Board of Sumbola, an innovative internet e-publishing company, Co-Founder, Board member of Twin Hills Resources, developer of partial upgrading cavitation technology, reducing the viscosity of oil sands bitumen to flow through pipelines without having to be blended with diluent, Board of SEL Global, an innovative Mobile Shopping Solutions Software and Advertising company, software developed in Silicon Valley, Advisory Board of Magnovate, innovative Magnetic Levitation transportation systems, Co-Founder of Fusion Sailboats, designed, developed, manufactured and distributed the Fusion 15, winner of Sailing World's "International Boat of the Year" in 2003, Advisory Board of Dorsay Development Corp., currently planning a purpose-built community in the GTA with a ground-breaking model in place-making. The over 1,200-acre community will combine global best practices in creating a sustainable community that is economically, environmentally, socially healthy and resilient. Throughout his career, Andrea has been committed to City and Community building, improving the quality of life in urban regions and continually driving innovative, practical and effective change in different sectors through his leadership and entrepreneurial skills. Andréa holds a Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Toronto, a Master of Science from Columbia University, New York and an Executive MBA from Ivey School of Business, Western University.
The determination was made that Mr. Calla should serve on our Board of Directors due to his extensive technical and business experience which will be extremely valuable as the Company continues to grow.
Gary Herman, age 58, has been a member of the Board since April 20, 2021. Mr. Herman is a seasoned investor with many years of investment and advisory experience. Since 2005, Mr. Herman has managed Strategic Turnaround Equity Partners, LP (Cayman) and its affiliates. From January 2011 to August 2013, he was a managing member of Abacoa Capital Management, LLC, which managed, Abacoa Capital Master Fund, Ltd. focused on a Global-Macro investment strategy. From 2005 to 2020, Mr. Herman was affiliated with Arcadia Securities LLC, a FINRA-registered broker-dealer. From 1997 to 2002, he was an investment banker with Burnham Securities, Inc. From 1993 to 1997, he was a managing partner of Kingshill Group, Inc., a merchant banking and financial firm with offices in New York and Tokyo. Mr. Herman has a B.S. from the University at Albany with a major in Political Science and minors in Business and Music. Mr. Herman has many years of experience serving on the boards of private and public companies. He presently sits on the board of Jupiter Wellness, Inc. (NASDAQ: JUPW) as well as the Board and Audit Chairperson of: XS Financial, Inc. (CSE: XS).
We believe that these experiences make Mr. Herman well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.
Susan Harte, age 57, has been a member of the Board since June 1, 2021. Ms. Harte is a nationally recognized leader in site selection, location economics and incentives. She is currently a principal of the international site selection consulting firm Hickey & Associates. For over 25 years, she has combined her expertise in commercial real estate, site selection and economic development, to assist her clients with leveraging location as a competitive advantage. Throughout her practice, Ms. Harte has led her clients to achieving better business outcomes by integrating strategic planning techniques and implementation frameworks to drive internal stakeholder consensus around location decisions. She has managed major site selection projects for many Fortune 500 companies involving complex multi-jurisdictional competitive strategies. Pursuant to this work, she has structured, negotiated and secured over US$1billion in location incentives such as real estate and personal property tax abatements, sales tax exemptions, grants and specialty bond financing for her clients' projects. Prior to her current position, Ms. Harte was a Senior Vice President at CBRE, the world's largest commercial real estate services and investment firm, in the global Location Advisory and Transactions Services group. She previously was Director of the Business Economic Incentives Practice at Jones Lang LaSalle having joined the company after seven years with the New York City boutique law firm of Stadtmauer Bailkin. She also served a term as the Director of National Incentives Practice at, Grant Thornton one of the largest accounting firms in the world and as Director of Industry Development at Empire State Development Corporation, New York State's economic development agency.
We believe that these experiences make Ms. Harte well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.
Bruce Rintoul, age 63, has been a member of the Board since February 22, 2023. Bruce Rintoul served as Senior Vice President of Operations at Veolia North America and previously held senior executive positions with environmental and industrial corporations such as Philip Services Corporation, The Churchill Corporation, RSC Equipment Rental, CEDA International Corporation, and Strike Energy Services. Rintoul also previously served on the Board of Directors for CEDA International Corporation in addition to his CEO and President responsibilities. He left Veolia in March 2022 after more than 6 years with Veolia in Houston, Texas and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. As Senior VP of Operations at Veolia, he led the transformation of U.S. and Canadian energy generation, water/wastewater management, hazardous waste, and environmental service businesses through structural changes, business process improvements, and data management system implementations. The resulting operational and financial performance improvement subsequently facilitated the divestment of several Veolia businesses in North America. He graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a B.Sc. in Civil Engineering and is a Licensed Professional Engineer in Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. He received his MBA from the University of Western Ontario, his ICD-DEP from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management, and his ICD.D from the Institute of Corporate Directors, Calgary, Alberta.
We believe that Bruce's strong strategic, operational, and business leadership experience in energy, waste and water markets across North America makes him well-qualified to serve as a member of the Board.
Director Compensation Policy
The Company's current director compensation policy includes a fee of $19,230 (C$25,000) to all independent directors annually. The director compensation for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Director Compensation
Name
Fees
earned or
paid in
cash ($)
Stock
awards ($)
Option
awards ($) Non-equity
incentive
plan
compensation
($)
Nonqualified
deferred
compensation
earnings ($)
All other
compensation ($)
Total ($)
(a) (b)(ii) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)
Marc Hazout - - - - - - -
Andrea Calla 2022-$19,230(ii) (C$25,000)
2021-$19,950(ii) (C$25,000) - - - - 2022-$19,230 (C$25,000)
2021-$19,950 (C$25,000)
Gary Herman(i) 2022-$19,230(ii) (C$25,000)
$13,883(ii) (C$17,397) 2022-$105,750(i) - - - - 2022-$19,230 (C$25,000) and $105,750
2021- $13,883 (C$17,397)
Susan Harte 2022-$19,230(ii) (C$25,000)
$11,637(ii) (C$14,583) - - - - 2022-$19,230 (C$25,000)
2021-$11,637 (C$14,583)
(i) The fee for the stock award is in the name of a companies for whom the director is a shareholder.
(ii) The fees earned for services are unpaid at December 31, 2022 and at the date of this filing.
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer and President, and Chief Financial Officer, as well as other officers, directors and employees of the Company. The code of ethics, entitled "Code of Conduct," is posted on our website at www.susglobalenergy.com under the section "Corporate Governance" within the "Investor Relations" tab.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company's executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of the Company's common stock, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership on Forms 3, 4 and 5 with the SEC.
Based solely on the Company's review of the copies of such Forms and written representations from certain reporting persons, the Company believes that all filings required to be made by the Company's Section 16(a) reporting persons during the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 were made on a timely basis.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth certain summary information with respect to the compensation paid to the Company's Chief Executive Officer and President (Marc Hazout) and Chief Financial Officer (Ike Makrimichalos) for services rendered in all capacities to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Messers. Hazout and Makrimichalos constituted our named executive officer for each of 2022 and 2021:
Summary Compensation Table
Name and Year Salary Bonus Stock Option Non-equity Nonqualified All other Total
principal ($) ($) awards awards incentive deferred compensation ($)
position ($) ($) plan compensation ($)
Compensation earnings
($) ($)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
Marc Hazout
Chairman,
President and
Chief Executive Officer 2022 369,216 (C$480,000) - 229,000 - - - - 598,216
287,280 (C$229,249)
-
206,700
-
-
-
-
493,980
Ike
Makrimichalos,
Chief Financial
Officer 2022 92,304 (C$120,000) - 11,450 - - - - 103,754
76,608 (C$96,000)
-
10,335
-
-
-
-
86,943
(e) Stock Awards
The grant date fair values of the stock awards were computed in accordance ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.
Consulting and Management Agreements
The Company entered into an Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement (the "CEO's Consulting Agreement"), by and among the Company, Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), and the CEO, who is also a director, the Executive Chairman and President of the Company, effective January 1, 2021 (the "Effective Date"). The CEO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2020.
Pursuant to the terms of the CEO's Consulting Agreement, for his services as the CEO, the compensation is at a rate of $23,076 (C$30,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning on the Effective Date, January 1, 2021, and at a rate of $30,768 (C$40,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning January 1, 2022. In addition, the Company granted the CEO 1,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") on the Effective Date, and 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock on January 1, 2022. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CEO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CEO.
The CEO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twenty-four (24) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CEO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CEO will be entitled to a compensation of twelve (12) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.
The Company entered into a new CEO's Consulting Agreement, by and among the Company, Travellers, and the CEO, who is also a director, the Executive Chairman and President of the Company, effective January 1, 2023 (the "Effective Date"). This new CEO Consulting Agreement replaced the previous CEO Consulting Agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.
Pursuant to the terms of the CEO's Consulting Agreement, for his services as the CEO, the compensation is at a rate of $30,768 (C$40,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning on the Effective Date, January 1, 2023, and at a rate of $38,460 (C$50,000) per month for twelve (12) months, beginning January 1, 2024. In addition, the Company granted the CEO 3,000,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") on the Effective Date. These restricted shares of Common Stock were issued on January 3, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CEO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CEO.
The Company entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement (the "CFO Consulting Agreement"), by and between the Company and the CFO of the Company, effective January 1, 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the CFO Consulting Agreement, the CFO is entitled to fees of $6,154 (C$8,000) per month for his services. In addition, the Company granted the CFO 50,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share on the Effective Date. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CFO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO. The CFO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2020.
The CFO's Consulting Agreement is for a term of twelve (12) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the CFO's Consulting Agreement) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, the CFO will be entitled to a compensation of two (2) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.
On January 26, 2022, SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "Company") entered into a CFO Consulting Agreement by and between the Company and the CFO, effective January 1, 2022. Pursuant to the terms of the Makrimichalos Consulting Agreement, Makrimichalos will be entitled to fees of $7,692 C$10,000 per month, plus the applicable Harmonized Sales Tax, for his services as Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The Company has also agreed to reimburse Makrimichalos for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Makrimichalos. In addition to the monthly fees, Makrimichalos was awarded 50,000 Restricted Common Shares of the Company on each Effective Date. The CFO Consulting Agreement replaced the previous consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2021
The Company entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement (the "CFO Consulting Agreement"), by and between the Company and the CFO of the Company, effective January 1, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the CFO Consulting Agreement, the CFO is entitled to fees of $9,615 (C$12,500) per month for his services. In addition, the Company has also granted the CFO 100,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share on the Effective Date. These restricted shares of Common Stock were issued on January 3, 2023. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the CFO for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO. This CFO's Consulting Agreement replaced the consulting agreement which expired on December 31, 2022.
The Makrimichalos Consulting Agreement is for a term of twelve (12) months. Upon a Constructive Discharge (as defined in the Makrimichalos Consulting Agreements) and subject to certain notification requirements and the Company's opportunity to cure the Constructive Discharge, Makrimichalos will be entitled to a compensation of two (2) months' fees, as well as any bonus compensation owing.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of SusGlobal Energy Corp's securities as of the date of this filing:
• by each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our securities;
• by each of our officers and directors; and
• by all of our officers and directors as a group.
Amount And
Title of Class Name And Nature Of Approximate
Address of Beneficial Beneficial Percent of
Owner (1) Ownership (2) Class (%)
Common Marc Hazout 21,004,846(3) 17.65
Common Ike Makrimichalos 750,000 0.63
Common Andrea Calla 133,992(4) 0.11
Common Susan Harte 50,000 0.04
Common
Common Gary Herman
Bruce Rintoul 750,000(5)
100,000(6) 0.63
0.09
All officers and directors as a group
Common (6 persons) 22,788,838 19.15%
(1) Except as noted above, the address for the above identified officers and directors of the Company is c/o 200 Davenport Road, Toronto, ON, Canada M5R 1J2.
(2) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to the shares shown. Except where indicated by footnote and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of voting securities shown as beneficially owned by them. Percentages are based upon the assumption that each shareholder has exercised all of the currently exercisable options he or she owns which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days and that no other shareholder has exercised any options he or she owns.
(3) The shares are in the name of Travellers International Inc., a company controlled by Marc Hazout the president and chief executive officer.
(4) The shares are in the name of the Calla Group, a company for whom the director is the president and chief executive officer.
(5) The shares are in the names of 720 Advisors, LLC and GH Ventures, LLC, companies for whom the director is a shareholder.
(6) The shares are in the name of Allorian Group Ltd., a company controlled by Bruce Rintoul.
The above-referenced table is based on 118,993,297 issued and outstanding shares of common stock on the date of this filing.
EQUITY
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 113,438,832 common shares issued and outstanding. At the date of this filing, the Company had 118,993,297 common shares issued and outstanding.
STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
As at December 31, 2022, and the date of this filing, the Company has no stock options or warrants outstanding.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Related Party Transactions
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $369,216 (C$480,000) (2021-$287,280; C$360,000) respectively, in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. ("Travellers"), an Ontario company controlled by a director and the president and chief executive officer (the "CEO"); and $92,304 (C$120,000) (2021-$76,608; C$96,000) in management fees expense with the Company's chief financial officer (the "CFO"). As at December 31, 2021, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $161,790 (C$219,138) (December 31, 2021-$14,755; C$18,706) is included in accounts payable and $22,705 (C$30,753) (2021-$nil; C$nil) in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In the prior year, the amounts previous owed to the former chief executive officer in the amount of $310,428 (C$395,500), including the harmonized sales taxes, were settled for $225,435 (C$282,500) and paid on December 7, 2021. The amount over and above the settlement amount relating to management fees prior to 2020, $79,800 (C$100,000), was written off to management fees in the prior year in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred interest expense of $518 C$(674) (2021-$283; C$355) on the outstanding loan from the CFO.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $107,216 (C$139,386) (2021-$90,014; C$112,800) in rent expense paid under a lease agreement, currently under a month-to-month lease with Haute Inc. ("Haute"), an Ontario company controlled by the CEO.
For those independent directors providing their services throughout 2022, the Company recorded directors' compensation in the amount of $57,690 (C$75,000) (2021-$53,136; $66,587). As of December 31, 2022, outstanding directors' compensation of $121,226 (C$164,196) (2021-$70,358; C$89,196) is included in accrued liabilities, in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, during the year, one of the independent directors was awarded stock-based compensation consisting of 750,000 common shares of the Company, valued at $105,750, based on the trading price on commencement of the consulting agreement, for services provided in developing certain contacts to further the Company's business opportunities. This amount is disclosed as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Furthermore, for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized management stock-based compensation expense of $240,450 (2021-$217,035), on the common stock issued to the CEO and the CFO, 1,000,000 (2021-1,000,000) and 50,000 (2021-50,000) common stock respectively, on their executive consulting agreements and $1,990 on 10,000 common stock issued to an employee.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The aggregate fees billed by the Company's external auditors in each of the last two fiscal years are as follows:
2022 2021
Audit fees(1) $91,488 $95,632
Audit-related fees(2) $107,164 $82,527
Tax fees $33,292 $27,469
All other fees(3) $37,747 $17,931
Total $269,691 $223,559
(1)
Audit fees consisted of the audit work on annual financial statements.
(2)
Audit-related fees consist principally of reviews of quarterly financial statements.
(3)
All other fees relate to reviews of registration statements.
The Audit Committee Charter provides that the Audit Committee is responsible for the pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services to be provided to the Company by the independent public accountants. The Audit Committee has not, however, adopted any specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) (1) Consolidated Financial Statements:
The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed separately in the Index to Financial Statements.
(a) (2) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules:
None
(a) (3) Exhibits:
Exhibit No. Description
3.1 Form of Certificate of Incorporation of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Post Effective Amendments for Registration Statement filed with the SEC on June 7, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2 Form of Bylaws of SusGlobal Energy Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's S-4/A filed with the SEC on December 23, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.1 Specimen Common Stock certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's S-4/A filed with the SEC on December 23, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.2 Description of Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's 10-K filed with the SEC on April 15, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.3 Form of Collateralized Secured Promissory Note, issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 7, 2019 (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.4 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 31, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant's 10-K filed with the SEC on April 15, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.5 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on June 18, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.6 Mortgage Increase. (Filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant's Form 8-K. (filed with the SEC on August 20, 2021).
4.7 Mortgage, dated August 17, 2021. (Filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on August 23, 2021)
4.8 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on November 3, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.9 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on December 2, 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on December 8, 2021 and incorporated by reference).
4.10 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.10 to the Registrant's 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
4.11 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.11 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
4.12 Form of Convertible Promissory Note issued by SusGlobal Energy Corp. on June 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.12 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022 and incorporated by reference).
4.13 Amendments to the OID Convertible Promissory Notes, dated September 15, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.13 to the Registrant's Form 8-K Filed with the SEC on September 21, 2022.
4.14 Amendments to the OID Convertible Promissory notes, dated December 22, 2022 and December 29, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 4.14 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 5, 2023 and incorporated by reference).
10.1 Loan/Mortgage Commitment between Table Rock Holdings Inc., 1916761 Ontario Limited and D&D Brannan Consultants Inc., (the lenders) and 1684567 Ontario Inc., and SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. (the borrowers) and SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the guarantor) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).)
10.2 General Security Agreement between Table Rock Holdings Inc., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., Canadian Western Trust Company, Giovanni and Assunta Paglia, Bob MacNelly and Shanna Young (the Secured Party), 1684567 Ontario Inc. (the Debtor) and SusGlobal Energy Corp., (the Guarantor) (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 7, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).).
10.3 Guarantee by and between SusGlobal Energy Corp., and Private Lenders, dated August 13, 2021. (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 20, 2021).
10.4 Form of Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Investors. (Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021).
10.5 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, effective March 8, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022).
10.6 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, signed in June 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.7** Executive Chairman Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., Travellers International Inc. and Marc Hazout effective January 3, 2023.
10.8** Executive Consulting Agreement between SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., and Ike Makrimichalos effective January 1, 2023.
10.9** Mortgage Commitment between R. Williamson Consultants Ltd., P.I.C.K.S. Inc., and Canadian Western Trust Company (the lenders") and 1684567 Ontario Inc. (the "borrower") and SusGlobal Energy Corp. (the "guarantor"), on March 1, 2023.
14.1 Code of Ethics. (Filed as Exhibit 14.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 21 to the Registrant's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 14, 2022).
31.1* Certification by the Principal Executive Officer of Registrant pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)).
31.2* Certification by the Principal Financial Officer of Registrant pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)).
32+ Certification by the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*
Filed herewith.
**
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+
In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibit 32 is being furnished and not filed.