EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1166928
Filing Year: 2024
Filename: 1166928_10-K_2024_0001166928-24-000017.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General Development of Business
West Bancorporation, Inc. (the Company or West Bancorporation) is an Iowa corporation and a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (BHCA). The Company was formed in 1984 to own West Bank, an Iowa-chartered bank headquartered in West Des Moines, Iowa. West Bank is a business-focused community bank that was organized in 1893. The Company’s primary activity during 2023 was the ownership of West Bank. The Company’s and West Bank’s only business is banking, and therefore, no segment information is presented in this report.
As a financial holding company, the Company has additional flexibility to engage in a broader range of financial activities through affiliates than are permissible for bank holding companies that are not financial holding companies. While the Company does not currently have a plan to engage in any new activities, as a financial holding company, it has the ability to respond more quickly to market developments and opportunities.
The Company currently operates in the following markets: central Iowa, which is generally the greater Des Moines metropolitan area; eastern Iowa, which includes the area surrounding Iowa City and Coralville; and southern Minnesota, which includes the cities of Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
During 2023, the Company received a number of financial performance recognitions, including the following:
•West Bancorporation received national recognition from investment bank and research firm Raymond James in the annual Raymond James Community Bankers Cup, which identifies America’s top performing publicly traded community banks with assets between $500 million and $10 billion. The Raymond James Community Bankers Cup recognizes the top 10 percent of exchange-traded community banks based on various profitability, operational efficiency, and balance sheet metrics. Raymond James ranked West Bancorporation number 13 in the nation for 2022. West Bancorporation has been recognized for this award nine out of the last ten years.
•S&P Global Market Intelligence ranked West Bancorporation as the 17th best-performing large community bank for 2022 among banks with assets between $3 billion and $10 billion. The rankings were based on various measures related to profitability, growth and asset quality. This was the third consecutive year that West Bancorporation was recognized on this list.
•West Bancorporation was recognized as one of the nation’s top 200 banks with assets between $2 billion and $10 billion by American Banker, based on three-year average return on equity as of December 31, 2022. West Bank ranked 18th overall on American Banker’s list and was the top ranked bank of the three Iowa and Minnesota banks on the list.
The Company continues to grow, as loans outstanding at the end of 2023 totaled $2.9 billion compared to $2.7 billion at the end of 2022, an increase of 6.7 percent. Total deposits increased 3.2 percent as of December 31, 2023 from the balances as of December 31, 2022. The Company continues to focus on expanding existing and entering into new customer relationships while maintaining strong credit quality. We anticipate that the current monetary policies of the Federal Reserve will continue to affect customer deposit activity and loan demand in 2024.
The Company declared and paid cash dividends on its common stock totaling $1.00 per share in 2023 and declared a $0.25 quarterly dividend on January 24, 2024, payable on February 21, 2024, to stockholders of record on February 7, 2024. The Company expects to continue paying regular quarterly dividends in the future. In the opinion of management, the capital position of the Company is strong. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s tangible common equity ratio was 5.88 percent compared to 5.84 percent at December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no intangible assets or preferred stock outstanding. Additional information on capital can be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Description of the Company’s Business
West Bank provides full-service community banking and trust services to customers located primarily in the following metropolitan areas: Des Moines, Coralville and Iowa City, Iowa, and Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud, Minnesota. West Bank has six offices in the Des Moines area, one office in Coralville, Iowa and one office in each of our four Minnesota markets. In 2023, West Bank completed construction of a permanent branch office in Mankato, Minnesota. Additionally, construction continued for the new headquarters building in West Des Moines, Iowa and is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2024. West Bank offers many types of credit to its customers, including commercial, real estate and consumer loans. West Bank offers trust services, including the administration of estates, conservatorships, personal trusts and agency accounts.
West Bank offers a full range of deposit services, including checking, savings and money market accounts and time certificates of deposit. West Bank also offers online banking, mobile banking and treasury management services, which help to meet the banking needs of its customers. Treasury management services offered to business customers include cash management, client-generated automated clearing house transactions, remote deposit and fraud protection services. Also offered are merchant credit card processing and corporate credit cards.
West Bank’s business strategy emphasizes strong business and personal relationships between West Bank and its customers and the delivery of products and services that meet the individualized needs of those customers. West Bank also emphasizes strong cost controls, while striving to achieve an above average return on equity. To accomplish these goals, West Bank focuses on small- to medium-sized businesses in its local markets that traditionally wish to develop an exclusive relationship with a single bank. West Bank has the size to provide the personal attention required by local business owners and the financial expertise and entrepreneurial attitude to help businesses meet their financial service needs.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
As of December 31, 2023, we conducted banking operations through 11 locations in central and eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota. The economies in our market areas are well diversified. We believe that an important factor contributing to our historical performance and our ability to execute our strategic priorities is the vibrancy of our markets. Our markets are home to major financial services companies, healthcare systems, educational institutions, technology and agribusiness companies, and state and local governments. Our markets host major employers such as Principal Financial Group, Wells Fargo, Hy-Vee, John Deere, Mayo Clinic, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Health Care, MercyOne, UnityPoint Health, CentraCare Health Systems and IBM.
The markets in which we operate have generally experienced stable population growth over the past five years. Des Moines-West Des Moines is the largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Iowa, while Iowa City and Coralville make up the fourth largest MSA in Iowa. Rochester and St. Cloud are the third and fourth largest MSAs in Minnesota. We believe our markets are stable and have weathered the economic challenges of the last few years relatively well. Unemployment rates in all our markets are below the national unemployment rate of 3.7 percent as of December 31, 2023, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The market areas served by West Bank are highly competitive with respect to both loans and deposits. West Bank competes with other commercial banks, credit unions, mortgage companies and other financial service providers, including financial technology (FinTech) companies. According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (FDIC) Summary of Deposits as of June 30, 2023, West Bank ranked eighth in the state of Iowa in terms of deposit share. Some of West Bank’s competitors are locally controlled, while others are regional, national or international companies. The larger, international, national or regional banks have certain competitive advantages due to their ability to undertake substantial advertising campaigns and allocate their investment assets to out-of-market geographic regions with potentially higher returns. Such banks also offer certain services, such as international and conduit financing transactions, which are not offered directly by West Bank. These larger banking organizations also have much higher legal lending limits than West Bank, and therefore, may be better able to service large regional, national and global commercial customers. The financial services industry has become even more competitive as a result of recent Federal Reserve rate increases and legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. Technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks, such as FinTech companies, to offer deposit and loan products and services traditionally provided by banks.
In order to compete to the fullest extent possible with the other financial institutions in its primary market areas, West Bank uses the flexibility and knowledge of its local management, Board of Directors and community advisors. West Bank has a group of community advisors in each of its markets who provide insight to management on current business activity levels and trends. West Bank seeks to capitalize on customers who desire to do business with a local institution. This includes emphasizing specialized services, local promotional activities, and personal contacts by West Bank’s officers, directors and employees. In particular, West Bank competes for loans primarily by offering competitive interest rates, experienced lending personnel with local decision-making authority, flexible loan arrangements, quality products and services, and proactive relationship management. West Bank competes for deposits principally by offering depositors a variety of straight-forward deposit products along with electronic access and other personalized services.
West Bank also competes with the general financial markets for funds. Yields on corporate and government debt securities and commercial paper affect West Bank’s ability to attract and hold deposits. West Bank also competes for funds with money market accounts and similar investment vehicles offered by brokerage firms, mutual fund companies, internet banks and others. The competition for these funds is based almost exclusively on yields to customers.
Human Capital Management
We believe that the success of our business is largely due to the quality of our employees, the development of each employee's full potential and the Company's ability to provide timely and satisfying rewards. We encourage and support the development of our employees and, whenever possible, strive to fill vacancies with internal candidates. We invest in education and development programs, including tuition reimbursement for courses and degree programs and fees paid for certifications. We encourage employees to seek educational opportunities for both industry knowledge and professional development.
We believe that diversity encourages innovation and inclusion, and our team’s differences give us a competitive advantage. Our goal is to foster a culture in which those differences are valued and respected. Our team is made up of 181 full-time employees and 9 part-time employees. We are proud of our culturally and gender diverse workforce, with approximately 14 percent identifying as persons of color and approximately 59 percent as female.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
We continue to invest in initiatives aimed at the growth and readiness of our workforce, including our West Bank Women’s Impact Network (WIN). Since 2014, WIN connects and expands relationships among women at West Bank with women in our communities and our customers. The network builds a system of sponsors and mentors to provide more opportunities for women in leadership at West Bank and furthers our impact on the community through support and sponsorship of women’s leadership initiatives. 20 percent of West Bank’s current executive management team and 48 percent of officers and department managers are women. Currently, women comprise 25 percent of the directors on our Board of Directors.
As part of our compensation philosophy, we believe that we must offer and maintain market competitive compensation and benefit programs for our employees in order to attract and retain talent. The goal of our compensation program is to create superior long-term value for our stockholders by attracting, motivating and retaining outstanding employees who serve our customers while generating financial performance that is consistently better than our peers. Our business model allows us to operate with fewer employees than the typical commercial bank of our size because we emphasize teamwork, sound practices and a focus on business banking. Because we have fewer people, we need to have the right people and ensure that we offer what we consider to be above average pay in exchange for above average performance. Our employees are provided a formal performance evaluation annually that includes discussion of the opportunity for advancement and career development.
In addition to competitive base wages, additional programs include annual bonus opportunities, Company-matched 401(k) and discretionary 401(k) contributions, stock award opportunities, educational expense reimbursement, insurance benefits, paid time off, family leave and employee assistance programs. Our best-in-class health care plans, including medical, dental, vision, short-term and long-term disability and life insurance, reflect a sincere investment in our colleagues’ physical, emotional and financial well-being. Offering premium coverage through our health insurance provider, our employees are afforded a large network of doctors and the Company pays 75 percent of monthly medical premiums for employees enrolled.
Our approach also promotes longevity in our workforce. The average tenure of our employees is over eight years. Approximately 19 percent have been with West Bank for 10-15 years and approximately 21 percent have been with West Bank for over 15 years. Non-teller turnover was approximately 10 percent in 2023, compared to 11 percent in 2022. We conduct periodic company-wide employee engagement surveys to assess employee satisfaction and engagement.
Succession planning and talent development are important at all levels within our organization. The Board oversees executive management’s succession plan for our named executive officers. The Board’s succession planning activities are ongoing and strategic. In addition, the CEO annually provides the Board with his assessment of senior leaders and their potential to succeed at key senior management positions.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) & Corporate Responsibility
West Bancorporation, Inc. strives to be a good corporate citizen by operating as an employer that is committed to our vibrant and diverse workforce and by conducting business in an environmentally responsible manner. The Board carefully considers corporate social responsibility when it works with management to determine the Company’s strategic priorities and plans to achieve such priorities. Learn more about our ESG practices on the Corporate Governance section of our website at www.westbankstrong.com under Investor Relations/Overview/Governance documents.
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
General
FDIC-insured institutions, their holding companies and their affiliates are extensively regulated under federal and state law. As a result, our growth and earnings performance may be affected not only by management decisions and general economic conditions, but also by the requirements of federal and state statutes and by the regulations and policies of various bank regulatory agencies, including the Iowa Division of Banking, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve), the FDIC and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Furthermore, taxation laws administered by the Internal Revenue Service and state taxing authorities, accounting rules developed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), securities laws administered by the SEC and state securities authorities, and anti-money laundering laws enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury) have an impact on our business. The effect of these statutes, regulations, regulatory policies and accounting rules are significant to our operations and results.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Federal and state banking laws impose a comprehensive system of supervision, regulation and enforcement on the operations of FDIC-insured institutions, their holding companies and affiliates that is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC-insured deposits and depositors of banks, rather than stockholders. These federal and state laws, and the regulations of the bank regulatory agencies issued under them, affect, among other things, the scope of our business; the kinds and amounts of investments we may make; required capital levels relative to our assets; the nature and amount of collateral for loans; the establishment of branches; our ability to merge, consolidate and acquire; dealings with our insiders and affiliates; and our payment of dividends. In reaction to the global financial crisis and particularly following passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act), we experienced heightened regulatory requirements and scrutiny. Although the reforms primarily targeted systemically important financial service providers, their influence filtered down in varying degrees to community banks over time and caused our compliance and risk management processes, and the costs thereof, to increase. The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 (Regulatory Relief Act) eliminated questions about the applicability of certain Dodd-Frank Act reforms to community bank systems, including relieving us of any requirement to engage in mandatory stress tests, maintain a risk committee or comply with the Volcker Rule’s complicated prohibitions on proprietary trading and ownership of private funds. We believe these reforms have been favorable to our operations.
The supervisory framework for U.S. banking organizations subjects banks and bank holding companies to regular examination by their respective regulatory agencies, which results in examination reports and ratings that are not publicly available and that can impact the conduct and growth of their business. These examinations consider not only compliance with applicable laws and regulations, but also capital levels, asset quality and risk, management ability and performance, earnings, liquidity and various other factors. The regulatory agencies generally have broad discretion to impose restrictions and limitations on the operations of a regulated entity where the agencies determine, among other things, that such operations are unsafe or unsound, fail to comply with applicable law or are otherwise inconsistent with laws and regulations.
The following is a summary of the material elements of the supervisory and regulatory framework applicable to the Company and West Bank. It does not describe all of the statutes, regulations and regulatory policies that apply, nor does it restate all of the requirements of those that are described. The descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provision.
Supervision and Regulation of the Company
General. The Company, as the sole stockholder of West Bank, is a bank holding company that has elected financial holding company status. As a bank holding company, we are registered with, and subject to regulation by, the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (BHCA). We are legally obligated to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to West Bank and to commit resources to support West Bank in circumstances where we might not otherwise do so. Under the BHCA, we are subject to periodic examination by the Federal Reserve and are required to file with the Federal Reserve periodic reports of our operations and such additional information regarding our operations as the Federal Reserve may require.
Acquisitions and Activities/Financial Holding Company Election. The primary purpose of a bank holding company is to control and manage banks. The BHCA generally requires the prior approval of the Federal Reserve for any merger involving a bank holding company or any acquisition by a bank holding company of another bank or bank holding company. Subject to certain conditions (including deposit concentration limits established by the BHCA), the Federal Reserve may allow a bank holding company to acquire banks located in any state of the United States. In approving interstate acquisitions, the Federal Reserve is required to give effect to applicable state law limitations on the aggregate amount of deposits that may be held by the acquiring bank holding company and its FDIC-insured institution affiliates in the state in which the target bank is located (provided that those limits do not discriminate against out-of-state institutions or their holding companies) and state laws that require that the target bank have been in existence for a minimum period of time (not to exceed five years) before being acquired by an out-of-state bank holding company. Furthermore, in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act, bank holding companies must be well-capitalized and well-managed in order to effect interstate mergers or acquisitions.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
The BHCA generally prohibits the Company from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than five percent of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank and from engaging in any business other than that of banking, managing and controlling banks or furnishing services to banks and their subsidiaries. This general prohibition is subject to a number of exceptions. The principal exception allows bank holding companies to engage in, and to own shares of companies engaged in, certain businesses found by the Federal Reserve prior to November 11, 1999 to be “so closely related to banking ... as to be a proper incident thereto.” This authority would permit us to engage in a variety of banking-related businesses, including the ownership and operation of a savings association, or any entity engaged in consumer finance, equipment leasing, the operation of a computer service bureau (including software development) and mortgage banking and brokerage services. The BHCA does not place territorial restrictions on the domestic activities of nonbank subsidiaries of bank holding companies.
Additionally, bank holding companies that meet certain eligibility requirements prescribed by the BHCA and elect to operate as financial holding companies may engage in, or own shares in companies engaged in, a wider range of nonbanking activities, including securities and insurance underwriting and sales, merchant banking and any other activity that the Federal Reserve, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, determines by regulation or order is financial in nature or incidental to any such financial activity or that the Federal Reserve determines by order to be complementary to any such financial activity, as long as the activity does not pose a substantial risk to the safety or soundness of FDIC-insured institutions or the financial system generally. In the third quarter of 2016, we elected to operate as a financial holding company. In order to maintain our status as a financial holding company, both the Company and West Bank must be well-capitalized, well-managed, and have at least a satisfactory CRA rating. If the Federal Reserve determines that either the Company or West Bank is not well-capitalized or well-managed, the Federal Reserve will provide a period of time in which to achieve compliance, but during the period of noncompliance, the Federal Reserve may place any limitations on us that it deems appropriate. Furthermore, if non-compliance is based on the failure of West Bank to achieve a satisfactory CRA rating, we would not be able to commence any new financial activities or acquire a company that engages in such activities. As of December 31, 2023, we retained our election as a financial holding company, but we have not engaged in any activity and do not own any assets for which a financial holding company designation was required. The election affords the ability to respond more quickly to market developments and opportunities.
Change in Control. Federal law prohibits any person or company from acquiring “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or its holding company without prior notice to the appropriate federal bank regulator. Control is conclusively presumed to exist upon the acquisition of 25 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of a bank or bank holding company, but may arise under certain circumstances between 10 percent and 24.99 percent ownership.
Company Capital Requirements. The Company is subject to complex consolidated capital requirements of the Basel III rule, see “-the Basel III Rule” below.
Dividend Payments. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders may be affected by both general corporate law considerations and policies of the Federal Reserve applicable to bank holding companies. As an Iowa corporation, we are subject to the limitations of Iowa law, which allows us to pay dividends unless, after such dividend, (i) we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business or (ii) our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus any amount that would be needed if we were to be dissolved at the time of the dividend payment, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of stockholders whose rights are superior to the rights of the stockholders receiving the distribution.
As a general matter, the Federal Reserve has indicated that the board of directors of a bank holding company should eliminate, defer or significantly reduce dividends to stockholders if: (i) the company’s net income available to stockholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends; (ii) the prospective rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition; or (iii) the company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios. The Federal Reserve also possesses enforcement powers over bank holding companies and their nonbank subsidiaries to prevent or remedy actions that represent unsafe or unsound practices or violations of applicable statutes and regulations. Among these powers is the ability to proscribe the payment of dividends by banks and bank holding companies.
Monetary Policy. The monetary policy of the Federal Reserve has a significant effect on the operating results of financial or bank holding companies and their subsidiaries, and this is evidenced in its increases in the targeted federal funds rate throughout 2022 and 2023. Among the tools available to the Federal Reserve to affect the money supply are open market transactions in U.S. government securities and changes in the discount rate on bank borrowings. These means are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distribution of bank loans, investments and deposits, and their use may affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Federal Securities Regulation. Our common stock is registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). Consequently, we are subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading and other restrictions and requirements of the SEC under the Exchange Act.
Corporate Governance. The Dodd-Frank Act addressed many investor protection, corporate governance and executive compensation matters that will affect most U.S. publicly traded companies. It increased stockholder influence over boards of directors by requiring companies to give stockholders a nonbinding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments, and authorizing the SEC to promulgate rules that would allow stockholders to nominate and solicit voters for their own candidates using a company’s proxy materials. The legislation also directed the Federal Reserve to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to executives of bank holding companies, regardless of whether such companies are publicly traded.
Supervision and Regulation of West Bank
General. West Bank is an Iowa-chartered bank. The deposit accounts of West Bank are insured by the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) to the maximum extent provided under federal law and FDIC regulations, currently $250,000 per insured depositor category. As an Iowa-chartered FDIC-insured bank, West Bank is subject to the examination, supervision, reporting and enforcement requirements of the Iowa Division of Banking, the chartering authority for Iowa banks, and the FDIC, designated by federal law as the primary federal regulator of insured state banks that, like West Bank, are not members of the Federal Reserve System (nonmember banks).
Deposit Insurance. As an FDIC-insured institution, West Bank is required to pay deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC. The FDIC has adopted a risk-based assessment system whereby FDIC-insured institutions pay insurance premiums at rates based on their risk classification. For institutions, like West Bank, that are not considered large and highly complex banking organizations, assessments are now based on examination ratings and financial ratios. The total base assessment rates currently range from 2.5 basis points to 32 basis points.
At least semi-annually, the FDIC updates its loss and income projections for the DIF and, if needed, increases or decreases the assessment rates, following notice and comment on proposed rulemaking. For this purpose, the reserve ratio is the DIF balance divided by estimated insured deposits. In response to the global financial crisis, the Dodd-Frank Act increased the minimum reserve ratio from 1.15% to 1.35% of estimated amount of total insured deposits. In the semiannual update in June 2022, the FDIC projected that the reserve ratio was at risk of not reaching the statutory minimum of 1.35% by September 30, 2028, the statutory deadline. Based on this update, the FDIC approved an increase in initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules by two basis points, applicable to all insured depository institutions. The increase was effective on January 1, 2023, applicable to the first quarterly assessment period of the 2023 assessment (January 1 through March 31, 2023).
In addition, because the total cost of the failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank was approximately $16.3 billion, the FDIC adopted a special assessment for banks having deposits above $5 billion, at an annual rate of 13.4 basis points, beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2024 (January 1 through March 31, 2024) with an invoice payment date of June 28, 2024, and will continue to collect special assessments for an anticipated total of eight quarterly assessment periods. The base for the special assessment is equal to an insured depository institution’s estimated uninsured deposits for the December 31, 2022 reporting period, adjusted to exclude the first $5 billion in estimated uninsured deposits. Because West Bank’s uninsured deposits at December 31, 2023 were less than $5 billion, this special assessment does not apply.
Supervisory Assessments. All Iowa banks are required to pay supervisory assessments to the Iowa Division of Banking to fund the operations of that agency. The amount of the assessment is calculated on the basis of West Bank’s total assets.
Bank Capital Requirements. Regulatory capital represents the net assets of a banking organization available to absorb losses. Because of the risks attendant to their business, FDIC-insured institutions generally are required to hold more capital than other businesses, which directly affects our earnings capabilities. Although capital has historically been one of the key measures of the financial health of both bank holding companies and banks, its role became fundamentally more important in the wake of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, as the banking regulators recognized that the amount and quality of capital held by banks prior to the crisis was insufficient to absorb losses during periods of severe stress.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
In July 2023, federal banking agencies proposed a revision to capital rules that would apply to all banking organizations with $100 billion or more in total assets. The rules are intended to improve consistency of risk measurement in the capital rules for large banking organizations; apply the capital standards for large banking organizations to a broader set of large banking organizations to ensure regulatory capital is calculated in a consistent manner; require all large banking organizations to meet the supplementary leverage ratio requirements. Smaller banking organizations could be subject to the newly revised market risk capital rule if its trading assets and trading liabilities are at least $5 billion or at least 10 percent of its total assets, to satisfy minimum capital requirements. If finalized, the proposal would provide transition provisions to allow banking organizations sufficient time to adjust to the proposed requirements. Specifically, the proposal would phase in the requirements over three years, such that the new provisions would be fully implemented starting in the fourth year after the effective date of the rule.
Capital Levels. Banks have been required to hold minimum levels of capital based on guidelines established by the bank regulatory agencies since 1983. The minimums have been expressed in terms of ratios of “capital” divided by “total assets”. The capital guidelines for U.S. banks beginning in 1989 have been based upon international capital accords (known as “Basel” rules) adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, a committee of central banks and bank supervisors that acts as the primary global standard-setter for prudential regulation, as implemented by the U.S. bank regulatory agencies on an interagency basis. The accords recognized that bank assets for the purpose of the capital ratio calculations needed to be risk weighted (the theory being that riskier assets should require more capital) and that off-balance sheet exposures needed to be factored in the calculations. Following the global financial crisis, the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision, the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, announced agreement on a strengthened set of capital requirements for banking organizations around the world, known as Basel III, to address deficiencies recognized in connection with the global financial crisis.
Basel III Rule. The United States bank regulatory agencies adopted the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, and, at the same time, effected changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act, in regulations that were effective (with certain phase-ins) in 2015 (Basel III Rule). Basel III established capital standards for banks and bank holding companies that are meaningfully more stringent than those in place previously: it increased the required quantity and quality of capital; and it required a more complex, detailed and calibrated assessment of risk in the calculation of risk weightings. The Basel III Rule is applicable to all banking organizations that are subject to minimum capital requirements, including federal and state banks and savings and loan associations, as well as to most bank and savings and loan holding companies. Thus, West Bank is subject to the Basel III Rule as described below.
Not only did the Basel III Rule increase most of the required minimum capital ratios in effect prior to January 1, 2015, but, in requiring that forms of capital be of higher quality to absorb loss, it introduced the concept of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, which consists primarily of common stock, related surplus (net of Treasury stock), retained earnings, and Common Equity Tier 1 minority interests subject to certain regulatory adjustments. The Basel III Rule also changed the definition of capital by establishing more stringent criteria that instruments must meet to be considered Additional Tier 1 Capital (primarily non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock that meets certain requirements) and Tier 2 Capital (primarily other types of preferred stock and subordinated debt, subject to limitations). The Basel III Rule also constrained the inclusion of minority interests, mortgage-servicing assets, and deferred tax assets in capital and required deductions from Common Equity Tier 1 Capital if such assets exceeded a percentage of a banking institution’s Common Equity Tier 1 Capital.
The Basel III Rule required minimum capital ratios as of January 1, 2015, as follows:
•A ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital equal to 4.5% of risk-weighted assets;
•A ratio of Tier 1 Capital equal to 6% of risk-weighted assets;
•A continuation of the minimum required amount of Total Capital (Tier 1 plus Tier 2) at 8% of risk-weighted assets; and
•A leverage ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total quarterly average assets equal to 4% in all circumstances.
In addition, institutions that seek the freedom to make capital distributions (including for dividends and repurchases of stock) and pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers without restriction must also maintain 2.5% in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital attributable to a capital conservation buffer. The purpose of the conservation buffer is to ensure that banking institutions maintain a buffer of capital that can be used to absorb losses during periods of financial and economic stress. Factoring in the conservation buffer increases the minimum ratios depicted above to 7% for Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, 8.5% for Tier 1 Capital and 10.5% for Total Capital.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Well-Capitalized Requirements. The ratios described above are minimum standards in order for banking organizations to be considered “adequately capitalized.” Bank regulatory agencies uniformly encourage banks to hold more capital and be “well-capitalized” and, to that end, federal law and regulations provide various incentives for banking organizations to maintain regulatory capital at levels in excess of minimum regulatory requirements. For example, a banking organization that is well-capitalized may: (i) qualify for exemptions from prior notice or application requirements otherwise applicable to certain types of activities; (ii) qualify for expedited processing of other required notices or applications; and (iii) accept, roll-over or renew brokered deposits. Higher capital levels could also be required if warranted by the particular circumstances or risk profiles of individual banking organizations. For example, the Federal Reserve’s capital guidelines contemplate that additional capital may be required to take adequate account of, among other things, interest rate risk, or the risks posed by concentrations of credit, nontraditional activities or securities trading activities. Further, any banking organization experiencing or anticipating significant growth would be expected to maintain capital ratios, including tangible capital positions (i.e., Tier 1 Capital less all intangible assets), well above the minimum levels.
Under the capital regulations of the FDIC, in order to be well-capitalized, West Bank must maintain:
•A Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio to risk-weighted assets of 6.5% or more;
•A ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total risk-weighted assets of 8% or more;
•A ratio of Total Capital to total risk-weighted assets of 10% or more; and
•A leverage ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total adjusted average quarterly assets of 5% or greater.
It is possible under the Basel III Rule to be well-capitalized while remaining out of compliance with the capital conservation buffer discussed above.
As of December 31, 2023: (i) West Bank was not subject to a directive from Iowa Division of Banking or the FDIC to increase its capital and (ii) West Bank was well-capitalized, as defined by FDIC regulations. West Bank also was in compliance with the capital conservation buffer.
Prompt Corrective Action. The concept of an institution being “well-capitalized” is part of a regulatory enforcement regime that provides the federal banking regulators with broad power to take “prompt corrective action” to resolve the problems of depository institutions based on the capital level of each particular institution. The extent of the regulators’ powers depends on whether the institution in question is “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized,” in each case as defined by regulation. Depending upon the capital category to which an institution is assigned, the regulators’ corrective powers include: (i) requiring the institution to submit a capital restoration plan; (ii) limiting the institution’s asset growth and restricting its activities; (iii) requiring the institution to issue additional capital stock (including additional voting stock) or to sell itself; (iv) restricting transactions between the institution and its affiliates; (v) restricting the interest rate that the institution may pay on deposits; (vi) ordering a new election of directors of the institution; (vii) requiring that senior executive officers or directors be dismissed; (viii) prohibiting the institution from accepting deposits from correspondent banks; (ix) requiring the institution to divest certain subsidiaries; (x) prohibiting the payment of principal or interest on subordinated debt; and (xi) ultimately, appointing a receiver for the institution.
Community Bank Capital Simplification. Community banks have long raised concerns with bank regulators about the regulatory burden, complexity, and costs associated with certain provisions of the Basel III Rule. In response, Congress provided an “off-ramp” for institutions, like us, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion. Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act instructed the federal banking regulators to establish a single “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (CBLR) of between 8 and 10%. Under the final rule, a community banking organization is eligible to elect the new framework if it has: less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9%. West Bank has not elected to use the CBLR framework at this time.
Liquidity Requirements. Liquidity is a measure of the ability and ease with which bank assets may be converted to meet financial obligations such as deposits or other funding sources. Banks are required to implement liquidity risk management frameworks that ensure they maintain sufficient liquidity, including a cushion of unencumbered, high quality liquid assets, to withstand a range of stress events. The level and speed of deposit outflows contributing to the failures of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank in the first half of 2023 was unprecedented and contributed to acute liquidity and funding strain. These events have further underscored the importance of liquidity risk management and contingency funding planning by insured depository institutions like West Bank.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
The primary role of liquidity risk management is to: (i) prospectively assess the need for funds to meet financial obligations; and (ii) ensure the availability of cash or collateral to fulfill those needs at the appropriate time by coordinating the various sources of funds available to the institution under normal and stressed conditions. Basel III includes a liquidity framework that requires the largest insured institutions to measure their liquidity against specific liquidity tests. One test, referred to as the Liquidity Coverage Ratio, or LCR, is designed to ensure that the banking entity has an adequate stock of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets that can be converted easily and immediately in private markets into cash to meet liquidity needs for a 30-calendar day liquidity stress scenario. The other test, known as the Net Stable Funding Ratio, or NSFR, is designed to promote more medium- and long-term funding of the assets and activities of FDIC-insured institutions over a one-year horizon. These tests provide an incentive for banks and holding companies to increase their holdings in Treasury securities and other sovereign debt as a component of assets, increase the use of long-term debt as a funding source and rely on stable funding like core deposits (in lieu of brokered deposits).
Although these tests do not, and will not, apply to West Bank, we continue to review our liquidity risk management policies in light of regulatory requirements and industry developments.
Dividend Payments. The primary source of funds for the Company is dividends from West Bank. Under the Iowa Banking Act, Iowa-chartered banks generally may pay dividends only out of undivided profits. The Iowa Division of Banking may restrict the declaration or payment of a dividend by an Iowa-chartered bank, such as West Bank. The payment of dividends by any FDIC-insured institution is affected by the requirement to maintain adequate capital pursuant to applicable capital adequacy guidelines and regulations, and an FDIC-insured institution generally is prohibited from paying any dividends if, following payment thereof, the institution would be undercapitalized. As described above, West Bank exceeded its capital requirements under applicable guidelines as of December 31, 2023. Notwithstanding the availability of funds for dividends, however, the FDIC and the Iowa Division of Banking may prohibit the payment of dividends by West Bank if either or both determine such payment would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. In addition, under the Basel III Rule, institutions that want to pay dividends will have to maintain 2.5 percent in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital attributable to the capital conservation buffer. See “-Bank Capital Requirements” above.
State Bank Investments and Activities. West Bank is permitted to make investments and engage in activities directly or through subsidiaries as authorized by Iowa law. However, under federal law and FDIC regulations, FDIC-insured state banks are prohibited, subject to certain exceptions, from making or retaining equity investments of a type, or in an amount, that are not permissible for a national bank. Federal law and FDIC regulations also prohibit FDIC-insured state banks and their subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, from engaging as principal in any activity that is not permitted for a national bank unless West Bank meets, and continues to meet, its minimum regulatory capital requirements and the FDIC determines that the activity would not pose a significant risk to the DIF. These restrictions have not had, and are not currently expected to have, a material impact on the operations of West Bank.
Insider Transactions. West Bank is subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law on “covered transactions” between West Bank and its “affiliates.” The Company is an affiliate of West Bank for purposes of these restrictions, and covered transactions subject to the restrictions include extensions of credit to the Company, investments in the stock or other securities of the Company, and the acceptance of the stock or other securities of the Company as collateral for loans made by West Bank. The Dodd-Frank Act enhanced the requirements for certain transactions with affiliates, including an expansion of the definition of “covered transactions” and an increase in the amount of time for which collateral requirements regarding covered transactions must be maintained.
Certain limitations and reporting requirements are also placed on extensions of credit by West Bank to its directors and officers, to directors and officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, to principal stockholders of the Company and to “related interests” of such directors, officers and principal stockholders. In addition, federal law and regulations may affect the terms on which any person who is a director or officer of the Company or West Bank, or a principal stockholder of the Company, may obtain credit from banks with which West Bank maintains a correspondent relationship.
Safety and Soundness Standards/Risk Management. FDIC-insured institutions are expected to operate in a safe and sound manner. The federal banking agencies have adopted operational and managerial standards to promote the safety and soundness of such institutions that address internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits, asset quality and earnings.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
In general, the safety and soundness standards prescribe the goals to be achieved in each area, and each institution is responsible for establishing its own procedures to achieve those goals. If an institution fails to operate in a safe and sound manner, the FDIC-insured institution’s primary federal regulator may require the institution to submit a plan for achieving and maintaining compliance. If an FDIC-insured institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan, or fails in any material respect to implement a compliance plan that has been accepted by its primary federal regulator, the regulator is required to issue an order directing the institution to cure the deficiency. Until the deficiency cited in the regulator’s order is cured, the regulator may restrict the FDIC-insured institution’s rate of growth, require the FDIC-insured institution to increase its capital, restrict the rates that the institution pays on deposits or require the institution to take any action that the regulator deems appropriate under the circumstances. Operating in an unsafe or unsound manner will also constitute grounds for other enforcement action by the federal bank regulatory agencies, including cease and desist orders and civil money penalty assessments.
During the past decade, the bank regulatory agencies have increasingly emphasized the importance of sound risk management processes and strong internal controls when evaluating the activities of the FDIC-insured institutions that they supervise. Properly managing risks has been identified as critical to the conduct of safe and sound banking activities and has become even more important as new technologies, product innovation, and the size and speed of financial transactions have changed the nature of banking markets. The agencies have identified a spectrum of risks facing a banking institution including, but not limited to, credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal and reputational risk. The key risk themes identified for 2023 are discussed under Risk Factors. West Bank is expected to have active board and senior management oversight; adequate policies, procedures and limits; adequate risk measurement, monitoring and management information systems; and comprehensive internal controls.
Privacy and Cybersecurity. West Bank is subject to many U.S. federal and state laws and regulations governing requirements for maintaining policies and procedures to protect non-public confidential information of their customers. These laws require West Bank to periodically disclose its privacy policies and practices relating to sharing such information and permit consumers to opt out of their ability to share information with unaffiliated third parties under certain circumstances. They also impact West Bank’s ability to share certain information with affiliates and non-affiliates for marketing and/or non-marketing purposes, or to contact customers with marketing offers. In addition, as a part of its operational risk mitigation, West Bank is required to implement a comprehensive information security program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information and to require the same of its service providers. These security and privacy policies and procedures are in effect across all business lines and geographic locations.
Branching Authority. Iowa banks, such as West Bank, have the authority under Iowa law to establish branches anywhere in the State of Iowa, subject to receipt of all required regulatory approvals. The Dodd-Frank Act permits well-capitalized and well-managed banks to establish new interstate branches or the acquisition of individual branches of a bank in another state (rather than the acquisition of an out-of-state bank in its entirety) without impediments. Federal law permits state and national banks to merge with banks in other states subject to: (i) regulatory approval; (ii) federal and state deposit concentration limits; and (iii) state law limitations requiring the merging bank to have been in existence for a minimum period of time (not to exceed five years) prior to the merger.
Community Reinvestment Act Requirements. The CRA requires West Bank to have a continuing and affirmative obligation in a safe and sound manner to help meet the credit needs of the entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. Federal regulators regularly assess West Bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its communities. Applications for acquisitions would be affected by the evaluation of West Bank’s effectiveness in meeting its CRA requirements.
On October 24, 2023, the bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule to strengthen and modernize the CRA regulations (the CRA Rule), some of which is effective on April 1, 2024. The CRA Rule is designed to update how CRA activities qualify for consideration, where CRA activities are considered, and how CRA activities are evaluated. More specifically, the bank regulatory agencies described the goals of the CRA Rule as follows: (i) to expand access to credit, investment, and basic banking services in low and moderate income communities; (ii) to adapt to changes in the banking industry, including mobile and internet banking by modernizing assessment areas while maintaining a focus on branch based areas; (iii) to provide greater clarity, consistency, and transparency in the application of the regulations through the use of standardized metrics as part of CRA evaluation and clarifying eligible CRA activities focused on low and moderate income communities and underserved rural communities; (iv) to tailor CRA rules and data collection to bank size and business model; and (v) to maintain a unified approach among the regulators. Management of West Bank is assessing the impact of the CRA Rule on its CRA lending and investment activities in its markets.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Anti-Money Laundering. The Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) is the common name for a series of laws and regulations enacted in the United States to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism. They are designed to deny terrorists and criminals the ability to obtain access to the U.S. financial system and have significant implications for FDIC-insured institutions and other businesses involved in the transfer of money. The so-called Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) regime under the BSA provides a foundation to promote financial transparency and deter and detect those who seek to misuse the U.S. financial system to launder criminal proceeds, finance terrorist acts, or move funds for other illicit purposes.
The laws mandate financial services companies to have policies and procedures with respect to measures designed to address: (i) customer identification programs; (ii) money laundering; (iii) terrorist financing; (iv) identifying and reporting suspicious activities and currency transactions; (v) currency crimes; and (vi) cooperation between FDIC-insured institutions and law enforcement authorities.
Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate. Concentration risk exists when FDIC-insured institutions deploy too many assets to any one industry or segment. A concentration in commercial real estate (CRE) is one example of regulatory concern. The interagency Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices guidance (CRE Guidance) provides supervisory criteria, including the following numerical indicators, to assist bank examiners in identifying banks with potentially significant commercial real estate loan concentrations that may warrant greater supervisory scrutiny: (i) CRE loans exceeding 300 percent of capital and increasing 50 percent or more in the preceding three years; or (ii) construction and land development loans exceeding 100 percent of capital. The CRE Guidance does not limit banks’ levels of CRE lending activities, but rather guides institutions in developing risk management practices and levels of capital that are commensurate with the level and nature of their commercial real estate concentrations. On December 18, 2015, the federal banking agencies issued a statement to reinforce prudent risk-management practices related to CRE lending, having observed substantial growth in many CRE asset and lending markets, increased competitive pressures, rising CRE concentrations in banks, and an easing of CRE underwriting standards. The federal bank agencies reminded FDIC-insured institutions to maintain underwriting discipline and exercise prudent risk-management practices to identify, measure, monitor and manage the risks arising from CRE lending. In addition, FDIC-insured institutions must maintain capital commensurate with the level and nature of their CRE concentration risk.
West Bank has historically exceeded, and continues to exceed, the 300 percent guideline for commercial real estate loans. Additional monitoring processes have been implemented to manage this increased risk.
Consumer Financial Services. The historical structure of federal consumer protection regulation applicable to all providers of consumer financial products and services changed significantly on July 21, 2011, when the CFPB commenced operations to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all providers of consumer products and services, including West Bank, as well as the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The CFPB has examination and enforcement authority over providers with more than $10 billion in assets. FDIC-insured institutions with $10 billion or less in assets, like West Bank, continue to be examined by their applicable bank regulators.
Because abuses in connection with residential mortgages were a significant factor contributing to the global financial crisis, many new rules issued by the CFPB, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act, addressed mortgage and mortgage-related products, their underwriting, origination, servicing and sales. The Dodd-Frank Act significantly expanded underwriting requirements applicable to loans secured by 1-4 family residential real property and augmented federal law combating predatory lending practices. In addition to numerous disclosure requirements, the Dodd-Frank Act and the CFPB’s enabling rules imposed new standards for mortgage loan originations on all lenders, including banks and savings associations, in an effort to strongly encourage lenders to verify a borrower’s ability to repay, while also establishing a presumption of compliance for certain “qualified mortgages.” The CFPB has from time to time released additional rules as to qualified mortgages and the borrower’s ability to repay. The CFPB’s rules have not had a significant impact on West Bank’s operations, except for higher compliance costs.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The principal executive offices of the Company are located at 1601 22nd Street, West Des Moines, Iowa 50266. As of April 15, 2024, the Company’s corporate headquarters will be located at 3330 Westown Parkway, West Des Moines, Iowa 50266. The Company’s telephone number is (515) 222-2300, and its internet address is www.westbankstrong.com. Copies of the Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments thereto are available for viewing or downloading free of charge from the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website as soon as reasonably practicable after the documents are filed with or furnished to the SEC. Copies of the Company’s filings with the SEC are also available from the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) free of charge.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
West Bancorporation’s business is conducted almost exclusively through West Bank. West Bancorporation and West Bank are subject to many of the common risks that challenge publicly traded, regulated financial institutions. An investment in West Bancorporation’s common stock is also subject to the following specific risks. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described below, other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Credit Quality
We must effectively manage the credit risks of our loan portfolio.
The largest component of West Bank’s income is interest received on loans. Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. There are risks inherent in making loans, including risks of nonpayment, risks resulting from uncertainties of the future value of collateral, and risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions. We attempt to reduce our credit risk through prudent loan application, underwriting and approval procedures, including internal loan reviews before and after proceeds have been disbursed, careful monitoring of the concentration of our loans within specific industries, and collateral and guarantee requirements. These procedures cannot, however, be expected to completely eliminate our credit risks, and we can make no guarantees concerning the strength of our loan portfolio.
The information that we use in managing our credit risk may be inaccurate or incomplete, which may result in an increased risk of default and otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with clients and counterparties, we may rely on information furnished by or on behalf of clients and counterparties, including financial statements and other financial information. We also may rely on representations of clients and counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information and, with respect to financial statements, on reports of independent auditors. Although we regularly review our credit exposure to specific clients and counterparties and to specific industries that we believe may present credit concerns, default risk may arise from events or circumstances that are difficult to detect, such as fraud, or such as catastrophic events affecting certain industries. Moreover, such circumstances, including fraud, may become more likely to occur or be detected in periods of general economic uncertainty. We may also fail to receive full information with respect to the risks of a counterparty. In addition, in cases where we have extended credit against collateral, we may find that we are under-secured, for example, as a result of sudden declines in market values that reduce the value of collateral or due to fraud with respect to such collateral. If such events or circumstances were to occur, it could result in potential loss of revenue and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our loan portfolio includes commercial loans, which involve risks specific to commercial borrowers.
West Bank’s loan portfolio includes a significant amount of commercial real estate loans, construction and land development loans, commercial lines of credit and commercial term loans. West Bank’s typical commercial borrower is a small- or medium-sized, privately owned Iowa or Minnesota business entity. Commercial loans often have large balances, and repayment usually depends on the borrowers’ successful business operations. Commercial loans also are generally not fully repaid over the loan period and thus may require refinancing or a large payoff at maturity. If the general economy turns downward, commercial borrowers may not be able to repay their loans, and the value of their assets, which are usually pledged as collateral, may decrease rapidly and significantly. Also, when credit markets tighten due to adverse developments in specific markets or the general economy, opportunities for refinancing may become more expensive or unavailable, resulting in loan defaults.
Our loan portfolio includes commercial real estate loans, which involve risks specific to real estate values.
Commercial real estate loans were a significant portion of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023. The market value of real estate can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Adverse developments affecting real estate values in one or more of our markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio. Additionally, commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and repayment of the loans is generally dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the properties securing the loans to cover operating expenses and debt service. Economic events, including decreases in office occupancy following the COVID-19 pandemic, or governmental regulations outside of the control of the borrower or lender could negatively impact the future cash flows and market values of the affected properties.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
If the loans that are collateralized by real estate become troubled and the value of the real estate has been significantly impaired, then we may not be able to recover the full contractual amount of principal and interest that we anticipated at the time of originating the loans, which could cause us to charge off all or a portion of the loans. This could lead to an increased provision for credit losses and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio may subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny.
The federal banking regulators have promulgated joint guidance on sound risk management practices for financial institutions with concentrations in commercial real estate lending. Under the CRE Guidance, a financial institution that, like West Bank, is actively involved in commercial real estate lending should perform a risk assessment to identify concentrations. A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other factors (i) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100 percent or more of total risk-based capital, or (ii) total reported loans secured by multifamily and non-farm non-residential properties, loans for construction, land development and other land, and loans otherwise sensitive to the general commercial real estate market, including loans to commercial real estate related entities, represent 300 percent or more of total risk-based capital. Based on these criteria, West Bank had concentrations of 90 percent and 417 percent, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. The purpose of the CRE Guidance is to assist banks in developing risk management practices and capital levels commensurate with the level and nature of commercial real estate concentrations. The CRE Guidance states that management should employ heightened risk management practices, including board and management oversight, strategic planning, development of underwriting standards, and risk assessment and monitoring through market analysis and stress testing. West Bank believes that its current risk management processes adequately address the regulatory guidance; however, there can be no guarantee of the effectiveness of the risk management processes on an ongoing basis.
We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with real estate collateral securing our loans.
A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property. Under certain circumstances, we may take title to the real property collateral through foreclosure or other means. As the titleholder of the property, we may be responsible for environmental risks, such as hazardous materials, which attach to the property. For these reasons, prior to extending credit, we have an environmental risk assessment program to identify any known environmental risks associated with the real property that will secure our loans. In addition, we routinely inspect properties following the taking of title. When environmental risks are found, environmental laws and regulations may prescribe our approach to remediation. As a result, while we have ownership of a property, we may incur substantial expense and bear potential liability for any damages caused. The environmental risks may also materially reduce the property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the property. We also cannot guarantee that our environmental risk assessment will detect all environmental issues relating to a property, which could subject us to additional liability.
Risks Related to Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our allowance for credit losses may be insufficient to absorb potential losses in our loan portfolio.
We maintain an allowance for credit losses at a level we believe adequate to absorb current expected credit losses based on an analysis of the loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s estimate of current expected losses in the portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is based on a cash flow-based model that considers available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates and management’s judgment of credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Deterioration in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for credit losses. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance and may require an increase in the provision for credit losses or the recognition of additional loan charge-offs, based on judgments different from those of management. Also, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for credit losses, we will need additional provisions to increase the allowance. Any increases in provisions will result in a decrease in net income and capital and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Our accounting policies and methods are the basis for how we report our financial condition and results of operations, and they may require management to make estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.
Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Our management must exercise judgment in selecting and applying many of these accounting policies and methods in order to ensure they comply with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and reflect management’s judgment as to the most appropriate manner in which to record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, management must select the accounting policy or method to apply from two or more alternatives, any of which might be reasonable under the circumstances. The application of that chosen accounting policy or method might result in us reporting different amounts than would have been reported under a different alternative. If management’s estimates or assumptions are incorrect, the Company may experience a material loss.
From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation of those standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes are beyond our control, can be difficult to predict and could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
If a significant portion of any unrealized losses in our portfolio of investment securities were to incur credit losses, we would recognize a material charge to our earnings, and our capital ratios would be adversely impacted.
Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of investment securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of those securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, rating agency downgrades of the securities, defaults by the issuer or individual mortgagors with respect to the underlying securities, and instability in the credit markets. Any of the foregoing factors could result in realized losses in future periods.
We analyze our investment securities quarterly to determine whether, in the opinion of management, any of the securities have credit losses. To the extent that any portion of the unrealized losses in our portfolio of investment securities is determined to have credit losses, we will recognize a charge to our earnings in the quarter during which such determination is made, and our capital ratios will be adversely impacted. If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the security is written down to fair value through income.
At December 31, 2023, we had $121,787 of net unrealized losses in our securities portfolio. If we are forced to liquidate any of those investments prior to maturity, including because of a lack of liquidity, we would recognize as a charge to earnings the losses attributable to those securities. Our securities portfolio has an average duration of 6.2 years, so we expect an increase in unrealized losses in rising interest rate environments.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could impair our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results and could increase the risk of fraud.
Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. Management believes that our internal controls over financial reporting are currently effective. While management will continue to assess our controls and procedures and take immediate action to remediate any future perceived issues, there can be no guarantee of the effectiveness of these controls and procedures on an ongoing basis. Any failure to maintain an effective internal control environment could impact our ability to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis, which could result in regulatory actions, loss of investor confidence, and an adverse impact on our business operations and stock price.
Risks Related to Information Security and Business Interruption
The occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
As a bank, we are susceptible to fraudulent activity, information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents that may be committed against us, our third-party partners or our clients, which may result in financial losses or increased costs to us or our customers, disclosure or misuse of our information or our client information, misappropriation of assets, privacy breaches against our customers, litigation or damage to our reputation. Such fraudulent activity may take many forms, including check fraud, electronic fraud, wire fraud, phishing, social engineering and other dishonest acts. Information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents may include fraudulent or unauthorized access to systems used by us, our customers or third-party vendors, denial or degradation of service attacks, and malware or other cyber attacks.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
There continues to be a rise in electronic fraudulent activity, security breaches and cyber attacks within the financial services industry, especially in the commercial banking sector due to cyber-criminals targeting commercial bank accounts, and as a result of increasingly sophisticated methods of conducting cyber attacks, including those employing artificial intelligence. Moreover, in recent periods, several large corporations, including financial institutions, third party partners specializing in providing services to financial institutions, and retail companies, have suffered major data breaches, in some cases exposing not only confidential and proprietary corporate information, but also sensitive financial and other personal information of their customers and employees and subjecting them to potential fraudulent activity. Some of our customers may have been affected by these breaches, which could increase their risks of identity theft and other fraudulent activity that could involve their accounts with us.
Information pertaining to us and our customers is maintained, and transactions are executed, on networks and systems maintained by us and certain third-party partners, such as our online banking, mobile banking and core deposit and loan recordkeeping systems. The secure maintenance and transmission of confidential information, as well as execution of transactions over these systems, are essential to protect us and our customers against fraud and security breaches and to maintain the confidence of our customers. Breaches of information security also may occur through intentional or unintentional acts by those having access to our systems or the confidential information of our customers, including employees. In addition, increases in criminal activity levels and sophistication, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries, vulnerabilities in third-party technologies (including browsers and operating systems), or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology, processes and controls that we use to prevent fraudulent transactions and to protect data about us, our customers and underlying transactions, as well as the technology used by our customers to access our systems. Our third-party partners’ inability to anticipate, or failure to adequately mitigate, breaches of security could result in a number of negative events, including losses to us or our customers, loss of business or customers, damage to our reputation, the incurrence of additional expenses, disruption to our business, additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties, or our exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Furthermore, there has been heightened legislative and regulatory focus on privacy, data protection and information security. New or revised laws and regulations, including with respect to the use of artificial intelligence by financial institutions and service providers, may significantly impact our current and planned privacy, data protection and information security-related practices, the collection, use, retention and safeguarding of customer and employee information, and current or planned business activities. Compliance with current or future privacy, data protection and information security laws could result in higher compliance and technology costs and could restrict our ability to provide certain products and services, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Issues with the use of artificial intelligence in our marketplace may result in reputational harm or liability, or could otherwise adversely affect our business.
Artificial intelligence, including generative artificial intelligence, is or may be enabled by or integrated into our products or those developed by our third-party partners. As with many developing technologies, artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore our business. Artificial intelligence algorithms may be flawed, for example datasets may contain biased information or otherwise be insufficient; and inappropriate or controversial data practices could impair the acceptance of artificial intelligence solutions and result in burdensome new regulations. If the analyses that products incorporating artificial intelligence assist in producing for us or our third-party partners are deficient, biased or inaccurate, we could be subject to competitive harm, potential legal liability and brand or reputational harm. The use of artificial intelligence may also present ethical issues. If we or our third-party partners offer artificial intelligence enabled products that are controversial because of their purported or real impact on human rights, privacy, or other issues, we may experience competitive harm, potential legal liability and brand or reputational harm. In addition, we expect that governments will continue to assess and implement new laws and regulations concerning the use of artificial intelligence, which may affect or impair the usability or efficiency of our products and services and those developed by our third-party partners.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems of third parties, and any systems failures, interruptions or data breaches involving these systems could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
Our business is highly dependent on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems, third-party servicers, accounting systems, mobile and online banking platforms and financial intermediaries. We outsource to third parties many of our major systems, such as data processing and mobile and online banking. The failure of these systems, or the termination of a third-party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. A system failure or service denial could result in a deterioration of our ability to process loans or gather deposits and provide customer service, compromise our ability to operate effectively, result in potential noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition, failures of third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or fraud or misconduct on the part of employees of any of these third parties, could disrupt our operations or adversely affect our reputation.
It may be difficult for us to replace some of our third-party vendors, particularly vendors providing our core banking and information services, in a timely manner if they are unwilling or unable to provide us with these services in the future for any reason, and even if we are able to replace them, it might be at higher cost or result in the loss of customers. Any such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Our operations rely heavily on the secure processing, storage and transmission of information and the monitoring of a large number of transactions on a minute-by-minute basis, and even a short interruption in service could have significant consequences. We also interact with and rely on retailers, for whom we process transactions, as well as financial counterparties and regulators. Each of these third parties may be targets of the same types of fraudulent activity, computer break-ins and other cybersecurity breaches described above, and the cybersecurity measures that they maintain to mitigate the risk of such activity may be different than our own and may be inadequate.
As a result of financial entities and technology systems becoming more interdependent and complex, a cyber incident, information breach or loss, or technology failure that compromises the systems or data of one or more financial entities could have a material impact on counterparties or other market participants, including ourselves. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any significant disruptions to us or to third parties with whom we interact.
Other Risks Related to West Bank’s Operations
We are subject to liquidity risks.
West Bank maintains liquidity primarily through customer deposits and other short-term funding sources, including advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and the Federal Reserve discount window, brokered deposits and purchased federal funds. Additionally, the Federal Reserve established the Bank Term Funding Program, or BTFP, on March 12, 2023, offering qualifying banks loans of up to one year in length collateralized by qualifying assets, including U.S. securities valued at par, to serve as a source of additional liquidity against high-quality securities and reducing an institution’s need to quickly sell high-quality securities to meet liquidity needs. The Federal Reserve has announced that it is ending the BTFP and will cease making new loans under this program on March 11, 2024.
If economic influences change so that we do not have access to short-term credit, or our depositors withdraw a substantial amount of their funds for other uses, West Bank might experience liquidity issues. Our efforts to monitor and manage liquidity risk may not be successful or sufficient to deal with dramatic or unanticipated reductions in our liquidity. If this were to occur and additional short-term borrowings or debt is needed for liquidity purposes in the future, there can be no assurance that such borrowings or debt would be available or, if available, would be on favorable terms. If we increase our short-term borrowings or debt, our cost of funds will increase, thereby reducing our net interest income, or we may need to sell a portion of our investment portfolio, which, depending upon market conditions, could result in the Company or West Bank realizing losses. At December 31, 2023, our borrowed funds increased to $592.6 million, compared to $485.9 million at December 31, 2022. The increase included $140.0 million in FHLB advances associated with long-term interest rate swaps and $20.0 million in FHLB advances with a fixed interest rate, partially offset by a decrease of $49.7 million in federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings. As a result, our cost of funds has increased and caused a decline in our net interest income and net interest margin in 2023, as compared to 2022. Although we believe West Bank’s current sources of funds are adequate for its liquidity needs, there can be no assurance in this regard for the future.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
The competition for banking and financial services in our market areas is high, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We operate in highly competitive markets and face strong competition in originating loans, seeking deposits and offering our other services. We compete in making loans, attracting deposits, and recruiting and retaining talented employees. The Des Moines metropolitan market area, in particular, has attracted many new financial institutions within the last two decades. We also compete with nonbank financial service providers, such as FinTech companies, many of which are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions that we are and may be able to compete more effectively as a result.
Customer loyalty can be influenced by a competitor’s new products, especially if those offerings are priced lower than our products. Some of our competitors may also be better able to attract customers because they provide products and services over a larger geographic area than we serve. This competitive climate can make it more difficult to establish and maintain relationships with new and existing customers, can lower the rate that we are able to charge on loans, and can affect our charges for other services. Our growth and profitability depend on our continued ability to compete effectively within our markets, and our inability to do so could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Loss of customer deposits due to increased competition could increase our funding costs.
We rely on customer deposits to be a low cost and stable source of funding. We compete with banks and other financial services companies, including digital asset service providers, for deposits. If our competitors raise the rates they pay on deposits, our funding costs may increase, either because we raise our rates to avoid losing deposits or because we lose deposits and must rely on more expensive sources of funding. Higher funding costs could reduce our net interest margin and net interest income and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Damage to our reputation could adversely affect our business.
Our business depends upon earning and maintaining the trust and confidence of our customers, stockholders and employees. Damage to our reputation could cause significant harm to our business. Harm to our reputation can arise from numerous sources, including employee misconduct, vendor nonperformance, cybersecurity breaches, compliance failures, litigation or governmental investigations, among other things. In addition, a failure to deliver appropriate standards of service, or a failure or perceived failure to treat customers and clients fairly, can result in customer dissatisfaction, litigation, and heightened regulatory scrutiny, all of which can lead to lost revenue, higher operating costs and harm to our reputation. Adverse publicity about West Bank, whether or not true, may also result in harm to our business. Should any events or circumstances that could undermine our reputation occur, there can be no assurance that any lost revenue from customers opting to move their business to another institution and the additional costs and expenses that we may incur in addressing such issues would not adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to various legal claims and litigation.
We are periodically involved in routine litigation incidental to our business. Regardless of whether these claims and legal actions are founded or unfounded, if such legal actions are not resolved in a manner favorable to us, they may result in significant financial liability and/or adversely affect the Company’s reputation. In addition, litigation can be costly. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by these legal claims could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default by our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the loan or derivative exposure due us. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations or earnings. Additionally, we may be negatively affected by brand or reputational harm to other community banks or to the community banking industry.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
We may experience difficulties in managing our growth.
In the future, we may decide to expand into additional communities or attempt to strengthen our position in our current markets through opportunistic acquisitions of all or part of other financial institutions or related businesses or through the hiring of teams of bankers from other financial institutions that we believe provide a strategic fit with our business, or by opening new locations. To the extent that we undertake acquisitions or new office openings, we are likely to experience the effects of higher operating expense relative to operating income from the new operations, which may have an adverse effect on our overall levels of reported net income, return on average equity and return on average assets. To the extent we hire teams of bankers from other financial institutions, our salaries and employee benefits expense will likely increase, which may have an adverse effect on our net income, without any guarantee that the new banking team will be successful in generating new business. Other effects of engaging in such growth strategies may include potential diversion of our management’s time and attention and general disruption to our business.
To the extent that we grow through acquisitions or office openings, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to adequately or profitably manage such growth. Acquiring other banks and businesses will involve risks similar to those commonly associated with new office openings, but may also involve additional risks. These additional risks include potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of banks and businesses we acquire, exposure to potential asset quality issues of the acquired bank or related business, difficulty and expense of integrating the operations and personnel of banks and businesses we acquire, and the possible loss of key employees and customers of the banks and businesses we acquire.
Maintaining or increasing our market share may depend on lowering prices and the adoption of new products and services.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to adapt our products and services to evolving industry standards and customer needs. There may be increased pressure to provide products and services at lower prices. Lower prices can reduce our net interest margin and revenues from our fee-based products and services. In addition, the widespread adoption of new technologies could require us to make substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our existing products and services. Also, these and other capital investments in our business may not produce expected growth in earnings anticipated at the time of the expenditure. We may not be successful in introducing new products and services, achieving market acceptance of our products and services, or developing and maintaining loyal customers.
The loss of the services of any of our senior executive officers or key personnel could cause our business to suffer.
Much of our success is due to our ability to attract and retain senior management and key personnel experienced in banking and financial services who are very involved in the communities we currently serve. Our continued success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of relatively few individuals. In addition, our success depends in significant part upon our senior management’s ability to develop and implement our business strategies. The loss of services of a few of our senior executive officers or key personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, at least in the short term.
Labor shortages and a failure to attract and retain qualified employees could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us or increase labor costs, including high employment levels and decreased labor force size and participation rates. Although we have not experienced any material labor shortage to date, we have recently observed an overall tightening and increasingly competitive local labor market. A sustained labor shortage or increased turnover rates within our employee base could lead to increased costs, such as increased compensation expense to attract and retain employees.
In addition, if we are unable to hire and retain employees capable of performing at a high-level, or if mitigation measures we take to respond to a decrease in labor availability have unintended negative effects, our business could be adversely affected. An overall labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor inflation, caused by general macroeconomic factors, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Changes in interest rates could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Earnings in the banking industry, particularly the community bank segment, are substantially dependent on net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets (securities and loans) and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities (deposits and borrowings). Interest rates are sensitive to many factors, including government monetary and fiscal policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions and competition. If interest rates continue to increase, banks will experience competitive pressures to further increase rates paid on deposits. If the Federal Reserve Federal Open Markets Committee (FOMC) further increases the targeted federal funds rates, overall interest rates likely will rise, which may negatively impact the entire national economy. In addition, our net interest income could be adversely affected if the rates we pay on deposits and borrowings increase more rapidly than the rates we earn on loans and other assets. Rising interest rates also may reduce the demand for loans and the value of fixed-rate securities. These effects from interest rate changes or from other sustained economic stress or a recession, among other matters, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
A large percentage of our securities have fixed interest rates and are classified as available for sale. As is the case with many financial institutions, our emphasis on increasing the development of core deposits, those with no stated maturity date, has resulted in our interest-bearing liabilities having a shorter duration than our interest-earning assets. This imbalance can create significant earnings volatility because interest rates change over time. As interest rates have increased, our cost of funds has increased more rapidly than the yields on a substantial portion of our interest-earning assets. In addition, the market value of our securities portfolio has declined in recent periods. At December 31, 2023, we had $121,787 of net unrealized losses in the securities portfolio. In line with the foregoing, we have experienced and may continue to experience an increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, primarily due to raising the rates we pay on some of our deposit products to stay competitive within our market, and an increase in borrowing costs from increases in the federal funds rate. Community banks, such as West Bank, rely more heavily than larger institutions on net interest income as a revenue source. Larger institutions generally have more diversified sources of noninterest income.
Our business is subject to domestic and, to a lesser extent, international economic conditions and other factors, many of which are beyond our control and could materially and adversely affect us.
Our financial performance generally, and in particular the ability of customers to pay interest on and repay principal on outstanding loans and the value of collateral securing those loans, as well as demand for loans and other products and services we offer, is highly dependent upon the business environment, not only in the markets where we operate, but also in the states of Iowa and Minnesota, generally, in the United States as a whole, and internationally. A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among other factors, economic growth, efficient capital markets, low inflation, low unemployment, high business and investor confidence, and strong business earnings. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by declines in economic growth, business activity, or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; increases in inflation or interest rates; high unemployment; uncertainty in U.S. trade policies, legislation, treaties and tariffs; natural disasters; acts of war or terrorism; widespread disease or pandemics; or a combination of these or other factors. Such unfavorable conditions could materially and adversely affect us.
The financial markets and the global economy may also be adversely affected by the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including the current conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Palestine, which are increasing volatility in commodity and energy prices, creating supply chain issues and causing instability in financial markets and political systems. Sanctions imposed by the United States and other countries in response to such conflicts could further adversely impact the financial markets and the global economy, and any economic countermeasures by the affected countries or others could exacerbate market and economic instability. The specific consequences of the conflicts on our business are difficult to predict at this time, but in addition to inflationary pressures affecting our operations and those of our customers and borrowers, we may also experience an increase in cyberattacks against us, our customers and borrowers, service providers and other third parties.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Continued elevated levels of inflation could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The United States has recently experienced elevated levels of inflation, with the consumer price index climbing significantly in 2022. Inflationary pressures reduced in 2023 but remained elevated. Future inflation metrics are uncertain for 2024 and onward. Continued levels of inflation could have complex effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition, some of which could be materially adverse. For example, while we generally expect any inflation-related increases in our interest expense to be offset by increases in our interest revenue, inflation-driven increases in our levels of noninterest expense could negatively impact our results of operations. Continued elevated levels of inflation could also cause increased volatility and uncertainty in the business environment, which could adversely affect loan demand and our clients’ ability to repay indebtedness. It is also possible that governmental responses to the current inflation environment could adversely affect our business, such as changes to monetary and fiscal policy that are too strict, or the imposition or threatened imposition of price controls. The duration and severity of the current inflationary period cannot be estimated with precision.
We are required to maintain capital to meet regulatory requirements, and if we fail to maintain sufficient capital, whether due to an inability to raise capital, operational losses, or otherwise, our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, as well as our ability to maintain regulatory compliance, could be adversely affected.
The Company and West Bank are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support their operations. The ability to raise additional capital, when and if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets, economic conditions, and a number of other factors, including investor perceptions regarding the banking industry and market conditions, and governmental activities, many of which are outside of our control, as well as on our financial condition and performance. Accordingly, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital, if needed, or on terms acceptable to us. Failure to meet these capital and other regulatory requirements could affect customer confidence, our ability to grow, the costs of funds, FDIC insurance costs, the ability to pay dividends on common stock and to make distributions on the junior subordinated debentures, the ability to make acquisitions, the ability to make certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, and the results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to the Supervision and Regulation of the Banking Industry and Government Policies
We may be materially and adversely affected by the highly regulated environment in which we operate.
We are subject to extensive federal and state regulation, supervision and examination. A more detailed description of the primary federal and state banking laws and regulations that affect us is contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-K in the section captioned “Supervision and Regulation.” Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, FDIC funds, customers and the banking system as a whole, rather than our stockholders. These regulations affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth, among other things.
As a financial holding company, we are subject to extensive regulation and supervision and undergo periodic examinations by our regulators, who have extensive discretion and authority to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of law by banks and financial holding companies. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil monetary penalties and/or damage to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Although we have policies and procedures designed to mitigate the risk of any such violations, there can be no assurance that such violations will not occur.
Current or proposed regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry may impact the profitability of our business activities and may change certain of our business practices, including our ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans and achieve satisfactory interest spreads, and could expose us to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. In addition, political developments, including possible changes in law introduced by the Biden administration or the appointment of new personnel in regulatory agencies, add uncertainty to the implementation, scope and timing of regulatory reforms. These changes may also require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations in order to comply and could therefore materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the money supply and credit conditions. Among the options available to the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market operations in U.S. government securities, adjustments of the discount rate, and changes in reserve requirements against bank deposits. These monetary policy options are used in varying combinations to influence overall economic growth and the distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits. Their use also affects interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.
The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. The specific effects of such policies upon our business, financial condition and results of operations cannot be predicted.
Other Risks Related to the Banking Industry in General
Technology is changing rapidly and may put us at a competitive disadvantage.
The banking industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. Effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables banks to better serve customers. Our future success depends, in part, on our ability and the ability of our third-party partners to effectively implement new technology. The widespread adoption of new technologies, including mobile banking services, artificial intelligence, cryptocurrencies and payment systems, could require us in the future to make substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our existing products and services as we grow and develop new products to satisfy our customers’ expectations and comply with regulatory guidance. Many of our larger competitors have substantially greater resources than we do to invest in technological improvements. As a result, they may be able to offer, or more quickly offer, additional or superior products that could put West Bank at a competitive disadvantage.
Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, consumers can maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks.
While we do not offer products relating to digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, stablecoins and other similar assets, there has been a significant increase in digital asset adoption globally over the past several years. Certain characteristics of digital asset transactions, such as the speed with which such transactions can be conducted, the ability to transact without the involvement of regulated intermediaries, the ability to engage in transactions across multiple jurisdictions, and the anonymous nature of the transactions, are appealing to certain consumers notwithstanding the various risks posed by such transactions. Accordingly, digital asset service providers which, at present are not subject to the same degree of scrutiny and oversight as banking organizations and other financial institutions, are becoming active competitors to more traditional financial institutions.
The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation”, could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Potential partnerships with digital asset companies, moreover, could also entail significant investment.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Climate change could adversely affect our business, affect client activity levels and damage our reputation.
Concerns over the long-term impacts of climate change have led and will continue to lead to governmental efforts around the world to mitigate those impacts. Consumers and businesses also may change their behavior on their own as a result of these concerns. New governmental regulations or guidance relating to climate change, as well as changes in consumers’ and businesses’ behaviors and business preferences, may affect whether and on what terms and conditions we will engage in certain activities or offer certain products or services. The governmental and supervisory focus on climate change could also result in our becoming subject to new or heightened regulatory requirements, such as requirements relating to operational resiliency or stress testing for various climate stress scenarios. Any such new or heightened requirements could result in increased regulatory, compliance or other costs or higher capital requirements. In connection with the transition to a low carbon economy, legislative or public policy changes and changes in consumer sentiment could negatively impact the businesses and financial condition of our clients, which may decrease revenues from those clients and increase the credit risk associated with loans and other credit exposures to those clients. Our business, reputation and ability to attract and retain employees may also be harmed if our response to climate change is perceived to be ineffective or insufficient.
Furthermore, the long-term impacts of climate change could have a negative impact on our customers and their businesses, as well as the stability of our deposit base. Physical risks include extreme storms that damage or destroy property and inventory securing loans we make, or may interrupt our customers’ business operations, putting them in financial difficulty, and increasing the risk of default. Our customers are also facing changes in energy and commodity prices driven by climate change, as well as new regulatory requirements resulting in increased operational costs.
Risks Related to West Bancorporation’s Common Stock
Our stock is relatively thinly traded.
Although our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the average daily trading volume of our common stock is relatively small compared to many public companies. The desired market characteristics of depth, liquidity, and orderliness require the substantial presence of willing buyers and sellers in the marketplace at any given time. In our case, this presence depends on the individual decisions of a relatively small number of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no control. Due to the relatively small trading volume of our common stock, significant sales of our common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause the stock price to fall more than would be justified by the inherent worth of the Company. Conversely, attempts to purchase a significant amount of our stock could cause the market price to rise above the reasonable inherent worth of the Company.
The stock market can be volatile, and fluctuations in our operating results and other factors could cause our stock price to decline.
The stock market has experienced, and may continue to experience, fluctuations that significantly impact the market prices of securities issued by many companies. Market fluctuations could adversely affect our stock price. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, systemic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, loss of investor confidence, interest rate changes, government shutdowns, presidential elections, international trade wars or international currency fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. Moreover, our operating results may fluctuate and vary from period to period due to the risk factors set forth herein. As a result, period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our stock price could fluctuate significantly in response to the impact of these risk factors.
There is uncertainty surrounding potential legal, regulatory and policy changes by new presidential administrations in the United States that may directly affect financial institutions and the global economy.
2024 is a presidential election year. Changes in federal policy and at regulatory agencies occur over time through policy and personnel changes following elections, which lead to changes involving the level of oversight and focus on the financial services industry. The nature, timing and economic and political effects of potential changes to the current legal and regulatory framework affecting financial institutions remain highly uncertain. Uncertainty surrounding future changes may adversely affect our operating environment and therefore our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Issuing additional common or preferred stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, and capital may not be available when needed.
The Company may issue additional shares of common or preferred stock in order to raise capital at some date in the future to support continued growth, either internally generated or through acquisitions. Common shares have been and will be issued through the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan as grants of restricted stock units vest. As additional shares of common or preferred stock are issued, the ownership interests of our existing stockholders may be diluted. The market price of our common stock might decline or fail to increase in response to issuing additional common or preferred stock. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of our control. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital, if needed, on acceptable terms. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations could be materially impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.
The holders of our 5.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due in 2032 and the holders of our junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those of our common stockholders.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $20.6 million in junior subordinated debentures outstanding that were issued to the Company’s subsidiary trust, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I, and $60.0 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Company’s 5.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032 (the “Notes”). The junior subordinated debentures and the Notes are senior to the Company’s shares of common stock. As a result, the Company must make payments on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities (TPS)) and the Notes before any dividends can be paid on its common stock, and in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the debentures and the Notes must be satisfied before any distributions can be made to the holders of the common stock. The Company has the right to defer distributions on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related TPS) for up to five years during which time no dividends may be paid to holders of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s ability to pay future distributions depends upon the earnings of West Bank and the issuance of dividends from West Bank to the Company, which may be inadequate to service the obligations. Interest payments on the junior subordinated debentures underlying the TPS are classified as a “dividend” by the Federal Reserve supervisory policies and therefore are subject to applicable restrictions and approvals imposed by the Federal Reserve Board.
There can be no assurances concerning continuing dividend payments.
Our common stockholders are only entitled to receive the dividends declared by our Board of Directors (the Board). Although we have historically paid quarterly dividends on our common stock, there can be no assurances that we will be able to continue to pay regular quarterly dividends or that any dividends we do declare will be in any particular amount. The primary source of money to pay our dividends comes from dividends paid to the Company by West Bank. West Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company is subject to, among other things, its earnings, financial condition and applicable regulations, which in some instances limit the amount that may be paid as dividends.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
There are no unresolved comments from the SEC staff.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The corporate office of the Company is located in the main office building of West Bank, at 1601 22nd Street in West Des Moines, Iowa, 50266. West Bank leases its main banking office, along with additional office space for operational departments. West Bank operates ten branch offices in addition to its main office. Four branch offices in the Des Moines, Iowa, metropolitan area are leased. Three of these branch offices are full-service locations, while one is a drive-up only, express location. West Bank also leases one full-service branch office in Owatonna, Minnesota. West Bank owns five full-service branch offices in Coralville and Waukee, Iowa, and Rochester, St. Cloud and Mankato, Minnesota. We believe each of our facilities is adequate to meet our needs.
In November 2023, the Company completed construction of a new office for its Mankato, Minnesota branch. At that time, the previously leased location was vacated.
West Bank is constructing a new corporate headquarters which is scheduled to open on April 15, 2024, at its new address of 3330 Westown Parkway, West Des Moines, Iowa 50266. Upon moving to the new corporate headquarters, our current headquarters will be vacated, which will coincide with its lease expiration.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Neither the Company nor West Bank is party to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary litigation incidental to West Bank’s business, and no property of these entities is the subject of any such proceeding. The Company does not know of any proceedings contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
West Bancorporation common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “WTBA”. There were 149 holders of record of the Company’s common stock as of February 16, 2024, and an estimated 4,000 additional beneficial holders whose stock was held in street name by brokerages or fiduciaries. The closing price of the Company’s common stock was $17.63 on February 16, 2024.
Total cash dividends paid to common stockholders in both 2023 and 2022 were $1.00 per common share. Dividend declarations are evaluated and determined by the Board on a quarterly basis, and the dividends are paid quarterly. The Company intends to continue its policy of paying quarterly dividends; however, the ability of the Company to pay dividends in the future will depend primarily upon the earnings of West Bank and its ability to pay dividends to the Company, as well as regulatory requirements of the Federal Reserve relating to the payment of dividends by bank holding companies. The ability of West Bank to pay dividends is governed by various statutes. These statutes provide that a bank may pay dividends only out of undivided profits. In addition, applicable bank regulatory authorities have the power to require any bank to suspend the payment of dividends until the bank complies with all requirements that may be imposed by such authorities.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
The following performance graph provides information regarding the cumulative, five-year return on an indexed basis of the common stock of the Company as compared with the Nasdaq Composite Index and the S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Midwest Region Index prepared by S&P Global Market Intelligence. The indices assume the investment of $100 on December 31, 2018, in the common stock of the Company, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Midwest Region Index, with all dividends reinvested. The Company’s common stock price performance shown in the following graph is not indicative of future stock price performance.
Period Ending
Index 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023
West Bancorporation, Inc. 100.00 139.47 109.93 183.00 156.60 137.21
Nasdaq Composite Index 100.00 136.69 198.10 242.03 163.28 236.17
S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Midwest Region Index 100.00 130.10 111.85 147.78 127.53 130.20
*Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Used with permission. All rights reserved.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. Reserved.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
INTRODUCTION
The Company’s financial highlights and key performance measures are presented in the table below.
As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
2023 2022 2021
Performance Ratios
Return on average assets 0.66 % 1.32 % 1.52 %
Return on average equity 11.42 % 20.71 % 20.33 %
Efficiency ratio (1)(2)
60.73 % 43.70 % 40.91 %
Nonperforming assets/total assets (1)
0.01 % 0.01 % 0.26 %
Net interest margin(2)
2.01 % 2.76 % 3.05 %
Dividends and Per Share Data
Basic earnings per common share $ 1.44 $ 2.79 $ 3.00
Diluted earnings per common share 1.44 2.76 2.95
Cash dividends per common share 1.00 1.00 0.94
Dividend payout ratio 69.21 % 35.82 % 31.33 %
Dividend yield 4.72 % 3.91 % 3.03 %
Operating Results and Year-End Balances
Net income $ 24,137 $ 46,399 $ 49,607
Total assets 3,825,758 3,613,218 3,500,201
Securities available for sale 623,919 664,115 758,822
Loans 2,927,535 2,742,836 2,456,196
Deposits 2,973,779 2,880,408 3,016,005
Borrowings 592,637 485,855 199,866
Stockholders’ equity 225,043 211,112 260,328
Average equity to average assets ratio 5.77 % 6.39 % 7.46 %
Definition of ratios:
•Return on average assets - net income divided by average assets.
•Return on average equity - net income divided by average equity.
•Efficiency ratio - noninterest expense (excluding other real estate owned expense and write-down of premises) divided by noninterest income (excluding net securities gains/losses and gains/losses on disposition of premises and equipment) plus tax-equivalent net interest income.
•Nonperforming assets to total assets - total nonperforming assets divided by total assets.
•Net interest margin - tax-equivalent net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
•Dividend payout ratio - dividends paid to common stockholders divided by net income.
•Dividend yield - dividends per share paid to common stockholders divided by closing year-end stock price.
•Average equity to average assets ratio - average equity divided by average assets.
(1) A lower ratio is more desirable.
(2) As presented, this is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this item.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
The Company’s 2023 net income was $24,137, compared to $46,399 in 2022. Basic and diluted earnings per common share for 2023 were $1.44 and $1.44, respectively, compared to $2.79 and $2.76, respectively, in 2022. During 2023, we paid our common stockholders $16,704 ($1.00 per common share) in dividends compared to $16,619 ($1.00 per common share) in 2022. The dividend declared and paid in the first quarter of 2024 was $0.25 per common share.
Total assets were $3,825,758 at December 31, 2023, compared to $3,613,218 at December 31, 2022, a 5.9 percent increase. Our loan portfolio grew to $2,927,535 as of December 31, 2023, from $2,742,836 as of December 31, 2022. Deposits increased to $2,973,779 as of December 31, 2023, from $2,880,408 as of December 31, 2022.
The Company compares three key performance metrics to those of an identified peer group for evaluating its results. The peer group for 2023 consists of 22 Midwestern, publicly traded financial institutions including Bank First Corporation, Bridgewater Bancshares, Inc., ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc., Civista Bancshares, Inc., CrossFirst Bankshares, Inc., Equity Bancshares, Inc., Farmers National Banc Corp., Farmers & Merchants Bancorp., First Business Financial Services, Inc., First Financial Corp., First Mid Bancshares, Inc., German American Bancorp, Inc., HBT Financial, Inc., Hills Bancorporation, Isabella Bank Corporation, LCNB Corp., Macatawa Bank Corporation, Mercantile Bank Corporation, MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc., Nicolet Bankshares, Inc., Peoples Bancorp, Inc., and Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. The Company is in the middle of the group in terms of asset size. The Company's goal is to perform at or near the top of this peer group relative to what we consider to be three key metrics: return on average equity, efficiency ratio and nonperforming assets to total assets. We believe these measures encompass the factors that define the performance of a community bank. Company and peer results for the key financial performance measures are summarized below.
West Bancorporation, Inc. Peer Group Range
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 As of and for the year ended December 31, 2023
Return on average equity 11.42% 1.85%-17.24%
Efficiency ratio(1)
60.73% 45.85%-70.02%
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.01% 0.00%-0.73%
(1) The efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.
The following discussion describes the consolidated operations and financial condition of the Company, including its subsidiary West Bank and West Bank’s special purpose subsidiaries. Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 are compared to the results for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2023 is compared to December 31, 2022. Results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 can be found in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Company’s 2022 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
This report is based on the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP established by the FASB. The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. These estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Based on its consideration of accounting policies that involve the most complex and subjective estimates and judgments, management has identified its most critical accounting policies to be those related to the fair value of financial instruments and the allowance for credit losses.
The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business. A framework has been established for measuring the fair value of financial instruments that considers the attributes specific to particular assets or liabilities and includes a three-level hierarchy for determining fair value based on the transparency of inputs to each valuation as of the measurement date. The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments using a variety of valuation methods. When financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value and are classified as Level 1. When financial instruments, such as securities and derivatives, are not actively traded, the Company determines fair value based on various sources and may apply matrix pricing with observable prices for similar instruments where a price for the identical instrument is not observable. The fair values of these financial instruments, which are classified as Level 2, are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data such as interest rate volatilities, yield curves, credit spreads, prices from external market data providers and/or nonbinding broker-dealer quotations. When observable inputs do not exist, the Company estimates fair value based on available market data, and these values are classified as Level 3. Imprecision in estimating fair values can impact the carrying value of assets and the amount of revenue or loss recorded.
Expected credit losses are reflected in the allowance for credit losses (ACL) through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a loan is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, a loan will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.
The Company measures expected credit losses of loans on a collective (pool) basis when the loans share similar risk characteristics and uses a cash flow based method to estimate expected credit losses for each of these pools. The Company’s methodology for estimating the ACL considers available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical experience was observed. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis.
The Company uses a cash flow based model to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments. For each of the loan segments, the Company calculates a cash flow projection using contractual terms, estimated prepayment speeds, estimated curtailment rates, and other relevant data. The Company uses regression analysis that links historical losses of the Company and a peer group to two economic metrics: national unemployment rate and 10-year treasury rate over 2-year treasury rate spread to establish the loss rates applied to the projected cash flows. For all loan segments, the Company uses a forecast period of four quarters and reverts to a historical rate after four quarters. When estimating prepayment speed and curtailment rates, the modeling is based on historical internal data. In addition to the historical loss information, the Company utilizes qualitative factors to adjust the ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of the changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality and collateral values, company-specific data, or effects of other factors such as market competition or legal and regulatory requirements.
The allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023 was $28,342, or 0.97 percent of outstanding loans, compared to $25,473, or 0.93 percent of outstanding loans as of December 31, 2022. The allowance for credit losses for 2023 was measured under the current expected credit losses, or CECL, model, while the allowance for credit losses for 2022 was measured under the previous incurred loss model.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This report contains references to financial measures that are not defined in GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures include the Company’s presentation of net interest income and net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis, and the presentation of the efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis, excluding certain income and expenses. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to both management and investors to analyze and evaluate the Company’s financial performance. These measures are considered standard measures of comparison within the banking industry. Additionally, management believes providing measures on an FTE basis enhances the comparability of income arising from taxable and nontaxable sources. Limitations associated with non-GAAP financial measures include the risks that persons might disagree as to the appropriateness of items included in these measures and that different companies might calculate these measures differently. These non-GAAP disclosures should not be considered an alternative to the Company’s GAAP results. The following table reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures of net interest income and net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent basis and efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis, to their most directly comparable measures under GAAP.
As and for the Years Ended December 31
2023 2022 2021
Reconciliation of net interest income and net interest margin on an FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income (GAAP) $ 69,031 $ 91,740 $ 95,059
Tax-equivalent adjustment(1)
491 1,122 1,202
Net interest income on an FTE basis (non-GAAP)
69,522 92,862 96,261
Average interest-earning assets 3,465,964 3,361,091 3,152,138
Net interest margin on an FTE basis (non-GAAP) 2.01 % 2.76 % 3.05 %
Reconciliation of efficiency ratio on an FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income on an FTE basis (non-GAAP) $ 69,522 $ 92,862 $ 96,261
Noninterest income 10,066 10,208 9,729
Adjustment for realized securities (gains) losses, net 431 - (51)
Adjustment for losses on disposal of premises and
equipment, net
29 29 84
Adjusted income 80,048 103,099 106,023
Noninterest expense 48,611 45,051 43,380
Efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis (non-GAAP)(2)
60.73 % 43.70 % 40.91 %
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent, adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the financial results, as it enhances the comparability of income arising from taxable and nontaxable sources.
(2) The efficiency ratio expresses noninterest expense as a percent of fully taxable equivalent net interest income and noninterest income, excluding specific noninterest income and expenses. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the Company’s financial performance. It is a standard measure of comparison within the banking industry. A lower ratio is more desirable.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - 2023 COMPARED TO 2022
OVERVIEW
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $24,137, compared to $46,399 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Basic and diluted earnings per common share for 2023 were $1.44 and $1.44, respectively, and were $2.79 and $2.76, respectively for 2022.
The decrease in net income in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to the decrease in net interest income. Net interest income declined $22,709, or 24.7 percent, in 2023 compared to 2022. The decrease in net interest income was due to an increase in interest expense on deposits and borrowings that exceeded an increase in interest income on loans and securities, primarily due to rapidly rising short-term interest rates, an inverted yield curve and changes in funding mix.
The Company recorded a credit loss expense of $700 in 2023 compared to a credit loss expense of negative $2,500 in 2022. The credit loss expense recorded in 2023 was primarily due to loan growth. The negative credit loss expense recorded in 2022 was due to the reversal of a specific reserve on an impaired loan and the reduction of certain qualitative factors resulting from the sustained performance of loans after the expiration of COVID-19 modifications and continued improvement in classified loans. The credit loss expense recorded in 2023 was made under the current expected credit losses, or CECL, model, while the negative credit loss expense recorded in 2022 was made under the previous incurred loss model.
Noninterest income decreased $142, or 1.4 percent, in 2023 compared to 2022, primarily due to realized losses on the sales of securities and a decrease in loan swap fees, partially offset by a gain from bank-owned life insurance. Noninterest expense increased $3,560, or 7.9 percent, in 2023 compared to 2022, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment expense and FDIC insurance expense.
The Company’s ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets was 0.01 percent as of both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. For more discussion on loan quality, see the “Loan Portfolio” and “Summary of the Allowance for Credit Losses” sections in this Item of this Form 10-K.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income decreased to $69,031 for 2023 from $91,740 for 2022, as the impact of the increase in average rates paid on and growth in average balances of interest-bearing liabilities exceeded the benefits of the growth in average balances and increase in average yields on interest-earning assets. The net interest margin for 2023 decreased 75 basis points to 2.01 percent, compared to 2.76 percent for 2022. The average yield on earning assets increased by 94 basis points, while the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased by 197 basis points. For additional analysis of net interest income, see the section captioned “Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity; Interest Rates; and Interest Differential” in this Item of this Form 10-K.
Credit Loss Expense, Allowance for Credit Losses, and Loan Quality
The allowance for credit losses, which totaled $28,342 as of December 31, 2023, represented 0.97 percent of total loans, compared to 0.93 percent as of December 31, 2022. The allowance for credit losses for 2023 was measured under the current expected credit losses, or CECL, model, while the allowance for credit losses for 2022 was measured under the previous incurred loss model. A credit loss expense of $700 was recorded in 2023, compared to a credit loss expense of negative $2,500 in 2022. The credit loss expense recorded in 2023 included an allocation of $500 to the allowance for credit losses related to loans and $200 to the allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. This credit loss expense was primarily due to growth in loans and unfunded loan commitments. The negative credit loss expense recorded in 2022 was due to the reversal of a specific reserve on an impaired loan and the reduction of certain qualitative factors resulting from the sustained performance of loans after the expiration of COVID-19 modifications and continued improvement in classified loans. Management believed the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023 was adequate to absorb expected losses in the loan portfolio as of that date.
Nonperforming loans at December 31, 2023 totaled $296, or 0.01 percent of total loans, a slight decrease from $322, or 0.01 percent of total loans, at December 31, 2022. The decrease in nonperforming loans at December 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022, was due to scheduled payments made on the single loan included in the nonaccrual balance in both periods. Nonperforming loans include loans on nonaccrual status, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and loans that have been considered to be loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company held no other real estate owned properties as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Noninterest Income
The following table shows the variance from the prior year in the noninterest income categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Years ended December 31
Noninterest income: 2023 2022 Change Change %
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 1,859 $ 2,194 $ (335) (15.3) %
Debit card usage fees 1,980 1,969 11 0.6 %
Trust services 3,068 2,709 359 13.3 %
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance 1,044 964 80 8.3 %
Gain from bank-owned life insurance 691 - 691 N/A
Loan swap fees 431 835 (404) (48.4) %
Realized securities losses, net (431) - (431) N/A
Other income 1,424 1,537 (113) (7.4) %
Total noninterest income $ 10,066 $ 10,208 $ (142) (1.4) %
The decline in service charges on deposit accounts was primarily attributable to a higher earnings credit rate on commercial accounts. Revenue from trust services was higher in 2023 compared to 2022 primarily due to increases in one-time estate fees. An increase in trust assets and accounts since December 31, 2022 also contributed to the increase in trust service fees. The gain from bank-owned life insurance in 2023 was the result of a death benefit claim. Loan swap fees in 2023 and 2022 consist of fees earned in the back-to-back swap program. In 2023, the Company sold $11,285 of securities from the available for sale securities portfolio and realized a net loss of $431. The proceeds from this sale were reinvested in the loan portfolio.
Noninterest Expense
The following table shows the variance from the prior year in the noninterest expense categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, accounts within the “Other expenses” category that represent a significant portion of the total or a significant variance are shown.
Years ended December 31
Noninterest expense: 2023 2022 Change Change %
Salaries and employee benefits $ 27,060 $ 25,838 $ 1,222 4.7 %
Occupancy and equipment 5,507 4,913 594 12.1 %
Data processing 2,790 2,597 193 7.4 %
Technology and software 2,341 2,137 204 9.5 %
FDIC insurance 1,750 996 754 75.7 %
Professional fees 1,026 874 152 17.4 %
Director fees 892 814 78 9.6 %
Other expenses:
Business development 1,263 1,147 116 10.1 %
Insurance expense 793 717 76 10.6 %
Trust 622 539 83 15.4 %
Consulting fees 257 339 (82) (24.2) %
Charitable contributions 180 - 180 N/A
Marketing 163 246 (83) (33.7) %
Low income housing projects amortization 589 540 49 9.1 %
New markets tax credit project amortization and management fees 919 919 - - %
All other 2,459 2,435 24 1.0 %
Total other 7,245 6,882 363 5.3 %
Total noninterest expense $ 48,611 $ 45,051 $ 3,560 7.9 %
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Salaries and employee benefits increased in 2023 compared to 2022 primarily due to wage increases in response to market conditions and competition in retaining and recruiting talent. Additionally, the number of full-time equivalent employees has increased with growth in our commercial banking team and information technology department. Occupancy and equipment expense increased in 2023 compared to 2022 primarily due to an increase in depreciation expense related to the new bank buildings in St. Cloud and Mankato, Minnesota, along with scheduled increases in rent expense on existing leases. FDIC insurance expense increased in 2023 when compared to 2022 primarily due to the FDIC’s increase in the minimum assessment rate, which was announced in 2022 and effective as of the first quarter of 2023. Business development expenses increased in 2023 due to an increase in the size of our commercial banking team and a general increase in sponsorships and business development activity.
Income Taxes
The Company records a provision for income tax expense currently payable, along with a provision for those taxes payable or refundable in the future (deferred taxes). Deferred taxes arise from differences in the timing of certain items for financial statement reporting compared to income tax reporting and are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Federal income tax expense for 2023 and 2022 was $3,711 and $9,165, respectively, while state income tax expense was $1,938 and $3,833, respectively. The effective rate of income tax expense as a percent of income before income taxes was 18.9 percent and 21.9 percent, respectively, for 2023 and 2022. In 2022, income tax expense included a one-time increase in state income tax expense related to the June 2022 enactment of changes in the Iowa bank franchise tax rates. This legislation reduced the Iowa bank franchise tax rate applied to apportioned income for 2023 and future years. The future reduction in the state tax rate required the Company to reduce net deferred tax assets by $671 and in turn caused the one-time increase in 2022 tax expense.
The effective income tax rates differ from the federal statutory income tax rates primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, the tax-exempt increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance, tax-exempt gain from bank-owned life insurance, disallowed interest expense, stock compensation and state income taxes. The effective tax rate for both 2023 and 2022 was also impacted by federal income tax credits, including low income housing tax credits and a new markets tax credit from West Bank’s investment in a qualified community development entity, of approximately $1,498 and $1,468, respectively. The Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance against the tax effect of state net operating losses carryforwards as management believes it is likely that such carryforwards will expire without being utilized.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES; AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL
Average Balances and an Analysis of Average Rates Earned and Paid
The following table shows average balances and interest income or interest expense, with the resulting average yield or rate by category of average interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities for the years indicated. Interest income and the resulting net interest income are shown on a fully taxable basis. Interest expense includes the effect of interest rate swaps, if applicable.
2023 2022 2021
Average
Balance Revenue/
Expense Yield/
Rate Average
Balance Revenue/
Expense Yield/
Rate Average
Balance Revenue/
Expense Yield/
Rate
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans: (1) (2)
Commercial $ 520,116 $ 32,067 6.17 % $ 487,151 $ 22,742 4.67 % $ 525,228 $ 23,365 4.45 %
Real estate (3)
2,270,662 110,431 4.86 % 2,061,777 84,523 4.10 % 1,796,118 72,579 4.04 %
Consumer and other 9,478 665 7.02 % 5,748 282 4.91 % 4,193 182 4.34 %
Total loans 2,800,256 143,163 5.11 % 2,554,676 107,547 4.21 % 2,325,539 96,126 4.13 %
Securities:
Taxable 516,118 13,696 2.65 % 592,186 12,524 2.11 % 450,910 8,542 1.89 %
Tax-exempt (3)
146,734 3,768 2.57 % 155,803 4,197 2.69 % 141,816 3,522 2.48 %
Total securities 662,852 17,464 2.63 % 747,989 16,721 2.24 % 592,726 12,064 2.04 %
Interest-bearing deposits 2,856 169 5.94 % 58,426 203 0.35 % 233,873 292 0.12 %
Total interest-earning assets (3)
3,465,964 160,796 4.64 % 3,361,091 124,471 3.70 % 3,152,138 108,482 3.44 %
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks 23,139 23,842 41,141
Premises and equipment, net 67,281 43,299 31,291
Other, less allowance for
credit losses 106,194 80,553 46,612
Total noninterest-earning assets 196,614 147,694 119,044
Total assets $ 3,662,578 $ 3,508,785 $ 3,271,182
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest-bearing demand $ 467,174 6,984 1.49 % $ 505,889 2,458 0.49 % $ 477,988 769 0.16 %
Savings and money market 1,357,675 43,569 3.21 % 1,452,034 15,814 1.09 % 1,413,878 5,641 0.40 %
Time 424,320 16,243 3.83 % 291,732 4,357 1.49 % 208,164 1,538 0.74 %
Total deposits 2,249,169 66,796 2.97 % 2,249,655 22,629 1.01 % 2,100,030 7,948 0.38 %
Borrowed funds:
Federal funds purchased and
other short-term borrowings 194,802 9,532 4.89 % 62,901 1,764 2.80 % 4,620 5 0.11 %
Subordinated notes, net 79,501 4,442 5.59 % 52,873 2,867 5.42 % 20,458 1,008 4.93 %
Federal Home Loan Bank
advances 265,644 7,694 2.90 % 128,863 2,669 2.07 % 140,274 2,944 2.10 %
Long-term debt 49,938 2,810 5.63 % 51,489 1,680 3.26 % 20,995 316 1.51 %
Total borrowed funds 589,885 24,478 4.15 % 296,126 8,980 3.03 % 186,347 4,273 2.29 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,839,054 91,274 3.21 % 2,545,781 31,609 1.24 % 2,286,377 12,221 0.53 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits 586,903 708,667 709,009
Other liabilities 25,218 30,284 31,783
Stockholders’ equity 211,403 224,053 244,013
Total liabilities and
stockholders’ equity $ 3,662,578 $ 3,508,785 $ 3,271,182
Net interest income (4)/net interest spread (3)
$ 69,522 1.43 % $ 92,862 2.46 % $ 96,261 2.91 %
Net interest margin (3) (4)
2.01 % 2.76 % 3.05 %
(1)Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans has been included.
(2)Interest income on loans includes amortization of loan fees and costs and prepayment penalties collected, which are not material.
(3)Tax-exempt income has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and is adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans.
(4)Net interest income (FTE) and net interest margin (FTE) are non-GAAP financial measures. For further information, refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Item.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net Interest Income
The Company’s largest component of net income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets, consisting primarily of loans and securities, and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, consisting of deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in net interest income can result from the combination of changes in the balances of asset and liability categories and changes in interest rates. Interest rates earned and paid are also affected by general economic conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, and by competitive factors, government policies and the actions of regulatory authorities. The Federal Reserve increased the target federal funds interest rate by a total of 425 basis points in 2022 and an additional 100 basis points in 2023. The potential for additional target federal funds interest rate changes in 2024 is unknown at this time. The increases that occurred throughout 2022 and 2023 have had a significant impact on the comparability of net interest income between 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Net interest margin on an FTE basis, a non-GAAP financial measure, is a measure of the net return on interest-earning assets and is computed by dividing annualized tax-equivalent net interest income by total average interest-earning assets for the period. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis was 2.01, 2.76 and 3.05 percent, respectively. Tax-equivalent net interest income decreased $23,340 in 2023 compared to 2022.
Rate and Volume Analysis
The rate and volume analysis shown below, on a tax-equivalent basis, is used to determine how much of the change in interest income or expense is the result of a change in volume or a change in interest yield or rate. The change in interest that is due to both volume and rate has been allocated to the change due to volume and the change due to rate in proportion to the absolute value of the change in each.
2023 Compared to 2022 2022 Compared to 2021
Volume Rate Total Volume Rate Total
Interest Income
Loans: (1)
Commercial $ 1,625 $ 7,700 $ 9,325 $ (1,744) $ 1,121 $ (623)
Real estate (2)
9,125 16,783 25,908 10,877 1,067 11,944
Consumer and other 230 153 383 74 26 100
Total loans (including fees) 10,980 24,636 35,616 9,207 2,214 11,421
Securities:
Taxable (1,746) 2,918 1,172 2,903 1,079 3,982
Tax-exempt (2)
(238) (191) (429) 363 312 675
Total securities (1,984) 2,727 743 3,266 1,391 4,657
Interest-bearing deposits (366) 332 (34) (335) 246 (89)
Total interest income (2)
8,630 27,695 36,325 12,138 3,851 15,989
Interest Expense
Deposits:
Interest-bearing demand (202) 4,728 4,526 47 1,642 1,689
Savings and money market (1,092) 28,847 27,755 156 10,017 10,173
Time 2,677 9,209 11,886 795 2,024 2,819
Total deposits 1,383 42,784 44,167 998 13,683 14,681
Borrowed funds:
Federal funds purchased and
other short-term borrowings 5,732 2,036 7,768 591 1,168 1,759
Subordinated debt, net 1,485 90 1,575 1,748 111 1,859
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 3,654 1,371 5,025 (237) (38) (275)
Long-term debt (52) 1,182 1,130 756 608 1,364
Total borrowed funds 10,819 4,679 15,498 2,858 1,849 4,707
Total interest expense 12,202 47,463 59,665 3,856 15,532 19,388
Net interest income (2) (3)
$ (3,572) $ (19,768) $ (23,340) $ 8,282 $ (11,681) $ (3,399)
(1)Average balances of nonaccrual loans were included for computational purposes.
(2)Tax-exempt income has been converted to a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and is adjusted for the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans.
(3)Net interest income (FTE) is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Item.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Tax-equivalent interest income and fees on loans increased $35,616 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. The improvement was primarily due to an increase in the average yield on loans of 90 basis points in 2023 compared to 2022. Rising market interest rates have resulted in increasing rates on variable-rate loans and higher interest rates on loan renewals and new originations compared to existing portfolio rates. Additionally, the average balance of loans increased $245,580 in 2023 compared to 2022.
The Company continues to focus on expanding existing and entering into new customer relationships while maintaining strong credit quality. The yield on the Company's loan portfolio is affected by the portfolio’s loan mix, the interest rate environment, the effects of competition, the level of nonaccrual loans and reversals of previously accrued interest on charged-off loans. The yield on the loan portfolio is expected to increase in a rising rate environment as variable-rate loans reprice at higher rates and fixed rate loan renewals and new originations are priced at prevailing market rates, which exceed the average rate on existing fixed rate loans. The political and economic environments can also influence the volume of new loan originations and the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate loans.
Tax-equivalent interest income on securities increased $743 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. The average balance of securities available for sale in 2023 was $85,137 lower than in 2022, primarily due to principal paydowns on securities, sales of securities, and the decline in fair value of available for sale securities during 2023 resulting from the increase in market interest rates during 2023. The yield on available for sale securities increased by 39 basis points in 2023 compared to 2022.
Interest expense on deposits increased $44,167 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. The average balance of interest bearing deposits decreased $486 in 2023 compared to 2022. The rates paid on deposits increased 196 basis points in 2023 compared to 2022. The increase in the cost of deposits was primarily due to increases in deposit rates in response to increases in the target federal funds rate and market interest rates, increased competition for deposit balances, and changes in deposit mix. The Federal Reserve increased the target federal funds rate by a total of 425 basis points in 2022 and an additional 100 basis points in 2023. These increases have had an adverse impact on the cost of deposits and have increased market competition.
Interest expense on borrowed funds increased $15,498 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. The average balance of borrowed funds increased $293,759 in 2023 compared to 2022. The Company issued $60,000 of subordinated debt in June 2022. Additionally, average balances of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings increased $131,901 in 2023 compared to 2022. The average rate paid on federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings increased 209 basis points in 2023 compared to 2022. This increase in average rates paid on federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings was driven by the increases in the target federal funds rate by the Federal Reserve. The average balances of FHLB advances increased by $136,781 in 2023 compared to 2022. This increase in average balances was primarily due to increases in our rolling funding program whereby rolling one-month FHLB advances are hedged with long-term interest rate swap agreements to provide long-term fixed cost wholesale funding. The average rate paid on FHLB advances increased 83 basis points in 2023 compared to 2022.
SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
The balance of securities available for sale decreased by $40,196 as of December 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to principal paydowns on securities and a sale of $11,285 of securities in the fourth quarter of 2023. The proceeds from this sale were reinvested into the loan portfolio. The Company expects the securities portfolio as a percentage of total assets to decrease over time as the proceeds from paydowns and maturities may be used for loan growth or repayment of borrowed funds.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 61 percent of the available for sale securities portfolio consisted of government agency guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities. We believe those securities have little to no credit risk and provide cash flows for liquidity and repricing opportunities. All collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities consist of residential and commercial mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations guaranteed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), or the Small Business Administration (SBA). The securities issued by state and political subdivisions are diversified among municipalities in 26 states.
The following table sets forth the weighted average yield by contractual maturity by security type as of December 31, 2023. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities have monthly paydowns that are not reflected in the table.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Within one
year After one year
but within five
years After five years
but within ten
years After ten years Total
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions (1)
- % - % 1.93 % 2.15 % 2.13 %
Collateralized mortgage obligations - - 2.38 1.56 1.56
Mortgage-backed securities - 1.45 1.61 1.65 1.63
Collateralized loan obligations - - 7.35 - 7.35
Corporate notes - - 3.26 - 3.26
- % 1.45 % 4.07 % 1.77 % 2.07 %
(1) Yields on tax-exempt obligations have been computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and are adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt investment securities.
Total gross unrealized losses in the securities available for sale portfolio were $121,806 at December 31, 2023 compared to $138,736 at December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have the intent to sell, nor was it more likely than not that we would be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position prior to recovery. As of December 31, 2023, the Company also determined that no individual securities in an unrealized loss position represented credit losses that would require an allowance for credit losses. Management concluded that the unrealized losses in the portfolio are the result of increases in risk-free market interest rates since the securities were purchased and are not an indication of declining credit quality. Unrealized losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax.
For additional information regarding the Company’s securities portfolio, see Note 3 and Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
LOAN PORTFOLIO
The Company seeks to create growth in commercial lending, which primarily includes commercial real estate, multi-family, and commercial and industrial lending, by offering customer-focused products and competitive pricing and by capitalizing on the positive trends in its market areas. It is the objective of the Company’s credit policies to diversify the commercial loan portfolio to limit concentrations in any single industry. As of December 31, 2023, total loans were approximately 98.4 percent of total deposits and 76.5 percent of total assets.
Loans outstanding at the end of 2023 increased 6.7 percent compared to the end of 2022. Changes in the loan portfolio during 2023 included increases of $82,570 in commercial real estate loans, $50,463 in construction, land and land development loans and $31,477 in 1-4 family residential first mortgage loans. The Company continues to focus on business development efforts in all of its markets. We believe that loan growth could slow down in 2024 as a result of uncertainty and diversity in economic outlooks, labor and wage challenges and the impact of higher interest rates on overall cash flows and debt service capabilities.
For a description of the loan segments, see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The interest rates charged on loans vary with the degree of risk and the amount and terms of the loan. Competitive pressures, the creditworthiness of the borrower, market interest rates, the availability of funds, and government regulations further influence the rate charged on a loan.
The Company follows a loan policy approved by West Bank’s Board of Directors. The loan policy is reviewed at least annually and is updated as considered necessary. The policy establishes lending limits, review criteria and other guidelines for loan administration and the allowance for credit losses, among other things. Loans are approved in accordance with the applicable guidelines and underwriting policies. Loans to any one borrower are limited by state banking laws. Loan officer lending authorities vary according to the individual loan officer’s experience and expertise.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no loans that were past due 30 days or more.
Nonperforming loans declined slightly to $296 at December 31, 2023, compared to $322 at December 31, 2022. The decrease was due to scheduled payments made on the one loan that was included in nonaccrual loans in both periods.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
The watch classification of loans decreased to $144 as of December 31, 2023 from $54,231 as of December 31, 2022. Commercial real estate loans of approximately $52,600 were upgraded and removed from the watch list during the second quarter of 2023. These loans related to one borrowing relationship that had been downgraded during the COVID-19 pandemic. The upgrade resulted from the borrowers’ ability to return to normal operations and financial performance for an extended period of time.
Loans Secured by Real Estate
The commercial real estate market continues to be a significant source of business for West Bank. Management places a strong emphasis on monitoring the composition of the Company’s commercial real estate loan portfolio. The Company has an established lending policy which includes a number of underwriting factors to be considered in making a commercial real estate loan, including, but not limited to, location, loan-to-value ratio (LTV), cash flow and debt service coverage, collateral and the credit history and expertise of the borrower. The lending policy also includes guidelines for real estate appraisals and evaluations, including minimum appraisal and evaluation standards.
Although repayment risk exists on all loans, different factors influence repayment risk for each type of loan. The primary risks associated with commercial real estate loans are the quality of the borrower’s management and the health of the national and regional economies. Underwriting on commercial properties is primarily based on the economic viability of the project with heavy consideration given to the creditworthiness and experience of the borrower. Recognizing that debt is paid via cash flow, the projected cash flows of the project are critical in underwriting because these determine the ultimate value of the property and the ability to service debt. Therefore, in most commercial real estate projects, we generally require a minimum stabilized debt service coverage ratio of 1.20 to 1.35, depending on the real estate type. Exceptions to this policy can be made for certain borrowers that exhibit other credit quality strengths. Exceptions to the policy are monitored by management. Our strategy with respect to the management of these types of risks is to consistently follow prudent loan policies and underwriting practices.
The Company recognizes that a diversified loan portfolio contributes to reducing risk. The specific loan portfolio mix is subject to change based on loan demand, the business environment and various economic factors. The Company actively monitors concentrations within the loan portfolio to ensure appropriate diversification is maintained. In addition, management tracks the level of owner occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans. Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally considered to have less risk than non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans.
In accordance with regulatory guidelines, the Company exercises heightened risk management practices when non-owner occupied commercial real estate lending exceeds 300 percent of total risk-based capital or construction, land development, and other land loans exceed 100 percent of total risk-based capital. Although the Company’s loan portfolio is heavily concentrated in real estate and its real estate portfolio levels exceed these regulatory guidelines, it has established risk management policies and procedures to regularly monitor the commercial real estate portfolio.
The Bank’s Executive Loan Committee (ELC), which is made up of the Chief Executive Officer, Bank President, Chief Risk Officer, Minnesota Group President, Chief Credit Officer and Credit Department Manager, approves all commercial loan relationships in excess of $500 in total credit exposure and annually reviews all commercial loan relationships of $1,000 and greater. Credit approval authorities for individual officers are reviewed, at least annually, by the ELC and approved by the Board of Directors.
Executive management regularly reviews available market data. Commercial real estate portfolio monitoring practices include quarterly stress testing and quarterly trend analysis of underwriting exceptions, average loan-to-value and average debt service coverage for significant real estate segments.
The Company maintains an annual independent loan review program. The Company engages a third party to evaluate credit quality, assigned risk ratings, underwriting standards and collateral documentation. The review covers a significant portion of the loan portfolio and is carried out on a semi-annual basis. Findings are reported to the ELC and the Board of Directors. The Company also maintains an internal loan audit department that performs certain pre- and post-closing procedural and documentation reviews. The internal findings are reported quarterly to the ELC.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Commercial loans secured by real estate, including construction, land and land development, totaled $2,267,987, or 77.4 percent of total loans, at December 31, 2023. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan concentrations and the weighted average LTV by property type as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are shown in the following table. LTV is determined using the maximum credit exposure of the loan compared to the most recent appraisal data on the property obtained in accordance with the Company’s lending policies.
As of December 31
2023 2022
Balance % of Non-owner Occupied CRE Weighted Average LTV Balance % of Non-owner Occupied CRE Weighted Average LTV
Non-owner occupied:
Multifamily $ 453,958 24.2 % 69 % $ 371,224 21.0 % 69 %
Medical & senior care facilities 225,314 12.0 63 249,127 14.1 65
Warehouse & trucking 167,030 8.9 63 169,462 9.6 67
Hotels 251,497 13.4 66 216,539 12.3 68
Mixed use 96,488 5.2 67 100,985 5.7 67
Offices 137,468 7.4 70 139,163 7.9 71
Land for development 110,874 5.9 64 114,428 6.5 62
All other 430,515 23.0 not available 405,261 22.9 not available
$ 1,873,144 100.0 % $ 1,766,189 100.0 %
The following table summarizes non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans by property type by risk rating as of December 31, 2023. Risk ratings are defined in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
As of December 31, 2023
Risk Rating
Total 1-3 4 5 6 7 8
Non-owner occupied:
Multifamily $ 453,958 $ 30,893 $ 339,817 $ 83,248 $ - $ - $ -
Medical & senior care facilities 225,314 70,896 123,680 30,738 - - -
Warehouse & trucking 167,030 55,593 95,616 15,821 - - -
Hotel 251,497 - 151,957 99,540 - - -
Mixed use 96,488 13,280 55,965 27,243 - - -
Offices 137,468 16,566 100,891 20,011 - - -
Land for development 110,874 2,025 105,746 3,103 - - -
All other 430,515 67,516 358,307 4,692 - - -
$ 1,873,144 $ 256,769 $ 1,331,979 $ 284,396 $ - $ - $ -
As of December 31, 2023, there were no non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans that were past due 30 days or more.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Maturities of Loans
The contractual maturities of the Company’s loan portfolio are shown in the following tables. Actual repayments may differ from contractual maturities because individual borrowers may have the right to prepay loans with or without prepayment penalties.
As of December 31, 2023
Within one
year After one but
within five years After five but
within 15 years After 15 years Total
Commercial $ 166,171 $ 270,955 $ 94,468 $ - $ 531,594
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 195,018 187,346 31,113 - 413,477
1-4 family residential first mortgages 7,309 98,127 1,252 - 106,688
Home equity 5,310 9,308 - - 14,618
Commercial 118,043 1,128,177 571,850 36,440 1,854,510
Consumer and other 6,314 4,616 - - 10,930
$ 498,165 $ 1,698,529 $ 698,683 $ 36,440 $ 2,931,817
After one but
within five years After five but
within 15 years After 15 years
Loan maturities after one year with:
Fixed rates
Commercial $ 185,004 $ 39,956 $ -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 110,911 11,964 -
1-4 family residential first mortgages 80,432 1,198 -
Home equity 3,365 - -
Commercial 1,095,562 342,677 11,803
Consumer and other 1,537 - -
Total fixed-rate loans 1,476,811 395,795 11,803
Variable rates
Commercial 85,951 54,512 -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 76,435 19,149 -
1-4 family residential first mortgages 17,695 54 -
Home equity 5,943 - -
Commercial 32,615 229,173 24,637
Consumer and other 3,079 - -
Total variable-rate loans 221,718 302,888 24,637
$ 1,698,529 $ 698,683 $ 36,440
SUMMARY OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method for financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. See Notes 1 and 4 to the Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.
The credit loss expense recorded on the income statement includes charges made to earnings to maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is evaluated quarterly by management and reviewed by the Board. The allowance for credit losses is management’s estimate of expected lifetime losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Factors considered by management in establishing an appropriate allowance include: the borrower’s financial condition; the value and adequacy of loan collateral; the condition of the local economy and the borrower’s specific industry; the levels and trends of loans by segment; and a review of delinquent and classified loans. The quarterly evaluation focuses on factors such as specific loan reviews, changes in the components of the loan portfolio given economic conditions, and historical loss experience. Any one of the following conditions may result in the review of a specific loan: concern about whether the borrower’s cash flow or net worth is sufficient to repay the loan; delinquency status; criticism of the loan in a regulatory examination; the suspension of interest accrual; or other factors, including whether the loan has other special or unusual characteristics that suggest special monitoring is warranted. The Company’s concentration risks include geographic concentration in central and eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota. The local economies are composed primarily of major financial services companies, healthcare providers, educational institutions, technology and agribusiness companies, and state and local governments.
West Bank has a significant portion of its loan portfolio in commercial real estate loans, commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, and construction and land development loans. West Bank’s typical commercial borrower is a small- or medium-sized, privately owned business entity. Compared to residential mortgages or consumer loans, commercial loans typically have larger balances and repayment usually depends on the borrowers’ successful business operations. Commercial loans also generally are not fully repaid over the loan period and, thus, may require refinancing or a large payoff at maturity. When the general economy turns downward, commercial borrowers may not be able to repay their loans, and the value of their assets, which are usually pledged as collateral, may decrease rapidly and significantly.
While management uses available information to recognize credit losses, further reduction in the carrying amounts of loans may be necessary based on changes in circumstances, changes in the overall economy in the markets we currently serve, or later acquired information. Identifiable sectors within the general economy are subject to additional volatility, which at any time may have a substantial impact on the loan portfolio. In addition, regulatory agencies, as integral parts of their examination processes, periodically review the credit quality of the loan portfolio and the level of the allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require West Bank to recognize additional charge-offs or provisions for credit losses based on such agencies’ review of information available to them at the time of their examinations.
The following table shows the ratio of net (charge-offs) recoveries to loans outstanding, broken out by loan segment, along with ratios of the allowance and nonaccrual loans to total loans at the end of the period.
Analysis of the Allowance for Credit Losses for the Years Ended December 31
2023 2022 2021
Ratio of net (charge-offs) recoveries during the
period to average loans outstanding by segment:
Commercial - % - % 0.02 %
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development - - -
1-4 family residential first mortgages - - -
Home equity - - -
Commercial - (0.02) % -
Consumer and other - - -
Total 0.00 % (0.02) % 0.02 %
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to total
loans at the end of period 0.97 % 0.93 % 1.15 %
Ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans at
end of period 0.01 % 0.01 % 0.36 %
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to total
nonaccrual loans at the end of period 9,575.00 % 7,910.87 % 316.99 %
Ratio of net (charge-offs) recoveries to total
loans at end of period 0.00 % (0.01) % 0.02 %
(1) As presented, this is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this item.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
The following table sets forth information concerning the Company’s allocation of the allowance for credit losses by loan segment as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31
2023 2022 2021
Amount %* Amount %* Amount %*
Balance at end of
period applicable to:
Commercial $ 5,291 18.13 % $ 4,804 18.90 % $ 4,776 20.03 %
Real estate:
Construction, land
and land development 3,668 14.11 3,548 13.21 3,646 14.60
1-4 family residential
first mortgages 704 3.64 357 2.74 339 2.69
Home equity 142 0.50 101 0.38 91 0.34
Commercial 18,420 63.25 16,575 64.50 19,466 62.19
Consumer and other 117 0.37 88 0.27 46 0.15
$ 28,342 100.00 % $ 25,473 100.00 % $ 28,364 100.00 %
* Percent of loans in each category to total loans.
As of December 31, 2023 there was no allowance for credit losses related to loans individually evaluated for credit losses. As of December 31, 2022, there were no specific reserves related to loans individually evaluated for impairment. The portion of the allowance for credit losses related to loans collectively evaluated for credit losses increased to $28,342, or 0.97 percent of outstanding loans as of December 31, 2023, compared to $25,473, or 0.93 percent of outstanding loans as of December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to the $2,458 adjustment to the allowance on January 1, 2023 related to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, also known as the current expected credit loss, or CECL, standard. Additionally, there was a credit loss expense of $500 related to loans for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was due primarily to loan growth. The provision for loan losses recorded in 2022 was negative $2,500. This negative provision in 2022 was due to the reversal of a specific reserve on an impaired loan and the reduction of certain qualitative factors resulting from the sustained performance of loans after the expiration of COVID-19 modifications and continued improvement in classified loans. Management believed the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023 was adequate to absorb the expected losses in the portfolio as of that date.
DEPOSITS
Deposits totaled $2,973,779 as of December 31, 2023, which was an increase of 3.2 percent compared to December 31, 2022. Deposit inflows and outflows are influenced by prevailing market interest rates, competition, local and national economic conditions, fluctuations in our business customers’ own liquidity needs and recent developments in the financial services industry. In particular, significant competition for deposits driven by high interest rate alternatives for depositors is currently impacting deposit fluctuations and increasing our cost of deposits.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had $305,411 in brokered deposits, compared to $272,691 at December 31, 2022. Brokered deposits included fixed-rate time deposits with maturities through December 2025 and variable-rate deposits with terms through February 2025. Brokered deposits are utilized, along with other wholesale funding sources, to fund loan growth and offset core deposit outflows.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
The following table sets forth the average balances for each major category of deposits and the weighted average interest rate paid for those deposits during the years indicated.
Years ended December 31
2023 2022 2021
Average Average Average Average Average Average
Balance Rate Balance Rate Balance Rate
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 586,903 - % $ 708,667 - % $ 709,009 - %
Interest-bearing demand:
Insured cash sweep 137,027 2.48 139,807 0.80 125,402 0.34
Other interest-bearing demand 330,147 1.09 366,082 0.37 352,586 0.10
Money market:
Insured cash sweep 249,574 3.58 323,970 1.01 308,136 0.36
Other money market 973,853 3.47 967,953 1.26 959,314 0.45
Savings 134,248 0.61 160,111 0.24 146,428 0.14
Time 424,320 3.83 291,732 1.49 208,164 0.74
$ 2,836,072 $ 2,958,322 $ 2,809,039
Management believes interest rates on deposits could continue to increase in 2024 in response to ongoing competition for deposit balances and high short-term market rates. To limit the Company’s exposure to market interest rate changes, interest rate swaps are in place on $110,000 of deposit balances that effectively convert certain customer deposits with variable rates to fixed-rate instruments.
Approximately 93 percent of the total time deposits issued by West Bank mature in the next year, including brokered time deposits. It is anticipated that a significant portion of the core time deposits will be renewed. In the event a substantial volume of core time deposits are not renewed, management believes the Company has sufficient liquid assets and funding sources to offset the potential runoff.
The following table shows the amounts and remaining maturities of time deposits with balances of $100 or more as of December 31, 2023.
3 months or less $ 231,110
Over 3 through 6 months 123,674
Over 6 through 12 months 91,151
Over 12 months 28,283
$ 474,218
West Bank participates in the IntraFi® ICS and CDARS reciprocal deposit network, which enables depositors to receive FDIC insurance coverage on deposits otherwise exceeding the maximum insurable amount. We consider these reciprocal deposits to be in-market deposits as distinguished from traditional out-of-market brokered deposits. Time deposits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, included $152,160 and $122,915, respectively, of reciprocal deposits. Included in total deposits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $165,858 and $155,888, respectively, of reciprocal interest-bearing checking and $254,504 and $186,160, respectively, of reciprocal money market deposits.
Total estimated uninsured deposits were $1,435,406, $1,412,955 and $1,312,933 as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The uninsured deposit amounts are estimated based on the methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting requirements and include brokered funds and collateralized public unit deposits. The following table shows the amount of time deposits in excess of the insurance limit by maturity.
3 months or less $ 148,585
Over 3 through 6 months 65,890
Over 6 through 12 months 27,038
Over 12 months 24,538
$ 266,051
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
BORROWED FUNDS
The fluctuation in the balances of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings is based on customer loan and deposit activity and the Company’s balance sheet management objectives, which from time to time may require the Company to draw on the federal funds purchased lines with our correspondent banks or FHLB advances. Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings decreased from $200,000 as of December 31, 2022 to $150,270 as of December 31, 2023.
The Company had $315,000 of FHLB advances outstanding at December 31, 2023, compared to $155,000 at December 31, 2022. During 2023, the Company increased its rolling funding program by entering into seven long-term interest rate swap agreements hedging interest payments of one-month rolling funding with a total notional amount of $140,000. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s rolling funding program, funded with short-term FHLB advances and hedged with long-term interest rate swaps, totaled $295,000. These interest rate swaps have maturity dates ranging from August 2024 through June 2029 and fixed rates ranging from 1.69 percent to 4.65 percent. This strategy of hedging short-term rolling funding effectively provides fixed cost wholesale funding through the maturity dates of the various interest rate swaps.
In December 2021, the Company entered into a credit agreement with an unaffiliated commercial bank and borrowed $40,000. This credit agreement replaced a prior credit agreement with the same commercial bank that had a remaining balance of $5,500. The additional borrowing was used to make a capital injection into the Company’s subsidiary, West Bank. Interest is payable quarterly. Required quarterly principal payments began in May 2023. The Company may make additional principal payments without penalty. The interest rate is variable at the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate minus 1.00 percent, which was 7.50 percent as of December 31, 2023. During 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate swap contract that effectively converts $20,000 of this borrowing to a fixed rate of 6.40 percent through its maturity date. As of December 31, 2023, this borrowing had a balance of $36,250.
In June 2022, the Company issued $60,000 of subordinated notes (Notes). The Notes initially bear interest at 5.25 percent per annum, with interest payable semi-annually for the first five years of the Notes. Beginning June 15, 2027, the interest rate will reset quarterly to a floating rate per annum that is expected to be three-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 2.41 percent, with payments due quarterly. The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, on and after June 15, 2027 at a price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Notes will mature on June 15, 2032 if they are not earlier redeemed. Proceeds from this debt issuance were used to make a $58,650 capital injection into West Bank, the Company’s subsidiary.
The Company has an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $20,000 which converts variable-rate subordinated debentures to fixed-rate debt. The interest rate is a variable rate based on the 3-month term SOFR plus 0.26161 percent tenor spread adjustment plus 3.05 percent. This interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 4.81 percent and matures in September 2026.
West Bank’s new markets tax credit special purpose subsidiary has a credit agreement for $11,486. Interest is payable monthly over the term of the agreement with an interest rate of 1.00 percent. Monthly principal payments begin in January 2026, and the agreement matures in December 2048.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the normal course of business, West Bank commits to extend credit in the form of loan commitments and standby letters of credit in order to meet the financing needs of its customers. These commitments expose West Bank to varying degrees of credit and market risks in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and are subject to the same credit policies as are the loans recorded on the balance sheets.
West Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. West Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Commitments to lend are subject to borrowers’ continuing compliance with existing credit agreements. Off-balance sheet commitments are more fully discussed in Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
As of December 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses related to off-balance sheet unfunded commitments was $2,544. Upon the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses associated with unfunded commitments of $2,344. In 2023, the Company recorded a credit loss expense of $200 for unfunded commitments. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is presented in the “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The objectives of liquidity management are to ensure the availability of sufficient cash flows to meet all financial commitments and to capitalize on opportunities for profitable business expansion. The Company’s principal source of funds is deposits. Other sources include loan principal repayments, proceeds from the maturity and sale of securities, principal payments on amortizing securities, federal funds purchased, advances from the FHLB, other wholesale funding and funds provided by operations. Liquidity management is conducted on both a daily and a long-term basis. Investments in liquid assets are adjusted based on expected loan demand, projected loan and securities maturities and payments, expected deposit flows and the objectives set by West Bank’s asset-liability management policy. The Company had liquid assets (cash and cash equivalents) of $65,357 as of December 31, 2023 compared with $26,539 as of December 31, 2022.
Our deposit growth strategy emphasizes core deposit growth. Deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing market interest rates, competition, local and national economic conditions, fluctuations in our corporate customers’ and municipal customers’ own liquidity needs and recent developments in the financial services industry. The Company utilizes brokered deposits and other wholesale funding to supplement core deposit fluctuations and loan growth. Brokered deposits are obtained through various programs administered by IntraFi® and through other third party brokers. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $305,411 in brokered deposits, which included fixed-rate time deposits with maturities through December 2025 and variable-rate deposits with terms through February 2025.
As of December 31, 2023, West Bank had additional borrowing capacity available from the FHLB of approximately $528,000, as well as approximately $2,282 through the Federal Reserve discount window, $35,000 through unsecured federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks and $89,000 through the BTFP. The BTFP was established by the Federal Reserve in March 2023 to provide an additional source of liquidity against high-quality securities. As of December 31, 2023, West Bank had pledged approximately $89,000 in eligible securities to facilitate participation in the program. No funds were borrowed from the Federal Reserve discount window or BTFP as of December 31, 2023. The Federal Reserve has announced that it is ending the BTFP and will cease making new loans under this program on March 11, 2024. Net cash from continuing operating activities contributed $25,249, $59,439 and $57,878 to liquidity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Management believed that the combination of high levels of potentially liquid assets, unencumbered securities, cash flows from operations and additional borrowing capacity provided the Company with sufficient liquidity as of December 31, 2023.
West Bank has entered into a construction contract for the construction of a new headquarters building in West Des Moines, Iowa. West Bank will pay the contractor a contract price consisting of the cost of work plus a fee, with anticipated construction completed in 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a remaining commitment of $13,019 under this contract.
The Company’s total stockholders’ equity increased to $225,043 as of December 31, 2023 from $211,112 as of December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to net income less dividends paid and the decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss. At December 31, 2023, tangible common equity as a percent of tangible assets was 5.88 percent compared to 5.84 percent as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss was driven by the decrease in the net unrealized losses on available for sale securities between December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023. While accumulated other comprehensive losses reduce tangible common equity, they have no impact on regulatory capital. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no intangible assets.
The Company and West Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Capital requirements are more fully discussed under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” included in Item 1 and in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. As of December 31, 2023, the Company and West Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject, and the Company’s and West Bank’s capital ratios were in excess of the requirements to be well-capitalized under capital regulations. Also, as of December 31, 2023, the ratios for the Company and West Bank were sufficient to meet the capital conservation buffer.
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
EFFECTS OF NEW STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
A discussion of the effects of new financial accounting standards and developments as they relate to the Company is located in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company’s market risk is composed primarily of interest rate risk arising from its core banking activities of lending and deposit taking. Interest rate risk refers to the exposure arising from changes in interest rates. Fluctuations in interest rates have a significant impact not only upon net income, but also upon the cash flows and market values of assets and liabilities. Our results of operations, like those of other financial institutions, are impacted by changes in interest rates and the interest rate sensitivity of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Management continually develops and applies strategies to mitigate this risk.
The Company’s objectives are to manage interest rate risk to foster consistent growth of earnings and capital. It is our policy to maintain an acceptable level of interest rate risk over a range of possible changes in interest rates while remaining responsive to market demand for loan and deposit products. To measure that risk, the Company uses an earnings simulation approach.
The Company has an Asset Liability Committee which meets quarterly, or more often when deemed necessary, to review the interest rate sensitivity position and to review and develop various strategies for managing interest rate risk. Measuring and maintaining interest rate risk is a dynamic process that management performs with the objective of maximizing net interest margin while maintaining interest rate risk within acceptable tolerances. This process relies primarily on the simulation of net interest income over multiple interest rate scenarios. The Company engages a third party that utilizes a modeling program to measure the Company’s exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical changes in market interest rates, this analysis measures the estimated change in net interest income. The simulations allow for ongoing assessment of interest rate sensitivity and can include the impact of potential new business strategies. The modeled scenarios begin with a base case in which rates are unchanged and can include parallel and nonparallel rate shocks. The results of these shocks are measured in two forms: first, the impact on the net interest margin and earnings over one and two year time frames; and second, the impact on the market value of equity. The results of the simulation are compared against approved policy limits.
The following table presents the estimated change in net interest income for one year under several scenarios of assumed interest rate changes for the rate shock levels shown. The change in each interest rate scenario represents the difference between estimated net interest income in the unchanged interest rate scenario, or the base case, and the estimated net interest income in each of the alternative interest rate scenarios. The net interest income in each scenario is based on immediate parallel yield curve changes in the interest rates applied to a static balance sheet. These do not reflect the earnings expectations of management.
Net Interest Income at
December 31, 2023
Change in Interest Rates $ Change % Change
300 basis points rising $ (11,456) (14.73) %
200 basis points rising (7,187) (9.24)
100 basis points rising (3,559) (4.58)
100 basis points falling 2,461 3.16
200 basis points falling 4,786 6.16
Computations of the prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions. The assumptions used in our interest rate sensitivity simulation discussed above are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the simulations cannot precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Actual results may differ from those projections set forth above due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and customer behavior. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions the Company may undertake in response to changes in interest rates.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of West Bancorporation, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of West Bancorporation, Inc. and its subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated February 21, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Adoption of New Accounting Standard
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for credit losses on financial instruments in 2023 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Credit Losses).
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosures to which it relates.
Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans
As described in Note 1 and Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for credit losses for loans (allowance) totaled $28.3 million at December 31, 2023. On January 1, 2023 the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The allowance is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount of loans expected to be collected. The Company’s allowance reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the loans. The Company’s allowance is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis at the balance sheet date. At December 31, 2023 the reserve on loans collectively evaluated totaled $28.3 million and there was no reserve on loans individually evaluated.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
The measurement of the reserve is based on relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about the future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical experience was observed. The Company uses a cash flow-based model to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments. For each of the loan segments, the Company calculates a cash flow projection using contractual terms, estimated prepayment speeds, estimated curtailment rates and other relevant data. The Company uses a regression analysis that links historical losses of the Company and its peer group to two economic metrics: national unemployment rate and 10-year treasury rate over 2-year treasury rate spread to establish the loss rates applied to the projected cash flows. For all loan segments, the Company uses a forecast period of four quarters and reverts to a historical rate after four quarters. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of the changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolio, trends relating to credit quality and collateral values, company-specific data, or effects of other factors such as market competition or legal and regulatory requirements. The evaluation of these qualitative factors and forecasts requires that management make significant judgments and includes significant estimation uncertainty.
We identified the qualitative factors applied to the allowance as a critical audit matter as auditing management’s determination of the qualitative factors and forecasts required significant auditor judgment as the estimate is highly sensitive to changes in significant assumptions.
Our audit procedures related to the Company’s qualitative factors and forecasts in the allowance included the following, among others:
•We obtained an understanding of the relevant controls related to management’s evaluation and establishment of the qualitative factors and forecasts of the allowance and tested such controls for design and operating effectiveness, including controls relating to management’s review and approval of the qualitative factors and forecasts and the underlying data used in determining those factors.
•We tested management’s process and evaluated the reasonableness of their judgements and assumptions to develop the qualitative factors and forecasts, which included:
◦Testing the relevancy and consistency of the data inputs used by management as a basis for the adjustment for qualitative factors and forecasts by comparing to internal and external source data, including data related to current and forecasted periods.
◦Evaluating whether management’s conclusions were consistent with Company provided internal data and external independently sourced data and agreeing the impact to the allowance calculation.
/s/ RSM US LLP
Des Moines, Iowa
February 21, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of West Bancorporation, Inc.
Opinion on the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited West Bancorporation, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated February 21, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Managements’ Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ RSM US LLP
Des Moines, Iowa
February 21, 2024
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2023 and 2022
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks $ 33,245 $ 24,896
Interest-bearing deposits 32,112 1,643
Cash and cash equivalents 65,357 26,539
Securities available for sale, at fair value 623,919 664,115
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost 22,957 19,336
Loans 2,927,535 2,742,836
Allowance for credit losses (28,342) (25,473)
Loans, net 2,899,193 2,717,363
Premises and equipment, net 86,399 53,124
Accrued interest receivable 13,581 11,988
Bank-owned life insurance 43,864 44,573
Deferred tax assets, net 34,303 36,609
Other assets 36,185 39,571
Total assets $ 3,825,758 $ 3,613,218
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 548,726 $ 693,563
Interest-bearing demand 481,207 536,226
Savings and money market 1,440,076 1,237,954
Time 503,770 412,665
Total deposits 2,973,779 2,880,408
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings 150,270 200,000
Subordinated notes, net 79,631 79,369
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 315,000 155,000
Long-term debt 47,736 51,486
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 34,299 35,843
Total liabilities 3,600,715 3,402,106
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 17)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022
- -
Common stock, no par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; 16,725,094 and 16,640,413 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
3,000 3,000
Additional paid-in capital 34,197 32,021
Retained earnings 271,369 267,562
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (83,523) (91,471)
Total stockholders’ equity 225,043 211,112
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,825,758 $ 3,613,218
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2021
Interest income:
Loans, including fees $ 142,923 $ 107,095 $ 95,585
Securities:
Taxable 13,696 12,524 8,542
Tax-exempt 3,517 3,527 2,861
Interest-bearing deposits 169 203 292
Total interest income 160,305 123,349 107,280
Interest expense:
Deposits 66,796 22,629 7,948
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings 9,532 1,764 5
Subordinated notes 4,442 2,867 1,008
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 7,694 2,669 2,944
Long-term debt 2,810 1,680 316
Total interest expense 91,274 31,609 12,221
Net interest income 69,031 91,740 95,059
Credit loss expense (benefit) 700 (2,500) (1,500)
Net interest income after credit loss expense (benefit) 68,331 94,240 96,559
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts 1,859 2,194 2,352
Debit card usage fees 1,980 1,969 1,948
Trust services 3,068 2,709 2,671
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance 1,044 964 923
Gain from bank-owned life insurance 691 - -
Loan swap fees 431 835 66
Realized securities gains (losses), net (431) - 51
Other income 1,424 1,537 1,718
Total noninterest income 10,066 10,208 9,729
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits 27,060 25,838 23,226
Occupancy and equipment 5,507 4,913 5,162
Data processing 2,790 2,597 2,465
Technology and software 2,341 2,137 1,777
FDIC insurance 1,750 996 1,818
Professional fees 1,026 874 946
Director fees 892 814 765
Other expenses 7,245 6,882 7,221
Total noninterest expense 48,611 45,051 43,380
Income before income taxes 29,786 59,397 62,908
Income taxes 5,649 12,998 13,301
Net income $ 24,137 $ 46,399 $ 49,607
Basic earnings per common share $ 1.44 $ 2.79 $ 3.00
Diluted earnings per common share $ 1.44 $ 2.76 $ 2.95
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021
Net income $ 24,137 $ 46,399 $ 49,607
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period 16,514 (132,009) (14,684)
Plus: reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses realized in net income 431 - (51)
Income tax (expense) benefit (4,498) 33,350 3,720
Other comprehensive income (loss) on securities 12,447 (98,659) (11,015)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period 4,291 23,595 8,047
Plus: reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses realized in net income (10,249) 206 8,284
Income tax (expense) benefit 1,459 (5,976) (4,107)
Other comprehensive income (loss) on derivatives (4,499) 17,825 12,224
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 7,948 (80,834) 1,209
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 32,085 $ (34,435) $ 50,816
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Accumulated
Additional Other
Preferred Common Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive
(in thousands, except share and per share data) Stock Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Total
Balance, December 31, 2020 $ - 16,469,272 $ 3,000 $ 28,823 $ 203,718 $ (11,846) $ 223,695
Net income - - - - 49,607 - 49,607
Other comprehensive income, net of tax - - - - - 1,209 1,209
Cash dividends declared, $0.94 per common share
- - - - (15,543) - (15,543)
Stock-based compensation costs - - - 2,573 - - 2,573
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
- 85,574 - (1,213) - - (1,213)
Balance, December 31, 2021 - 16,554,846 3,000 30,183 237,782 (10,637) 260,328
Net income - - - - 46,399 - 46,399
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax - - - - - (80,834) (80,834)
Cash dividends declared, $1.00 per common share
- - - - (16,619) - (16,619)
Stock-based compensation costs - - - 3,357 - - 3,357
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
- 85,567 - (1,519) - - (1,519)
Balance, December 31, 2022 - 16,640,413 3,000 32,021 267,562 (91,471) 211,112
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(1)
- - - - (3,626) - (3,626)
Net income - - - - 24,137 - 24,137
Other comprehensive income, net of tax - - - - - 7,948 7,948
Cash dividends declared, $1.00 per common share
- - - - (16,704) - (16,704)
Stock-based compensation costs - - - 3,111 - - 3,111
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
- 84,681 - (935) - - (935)
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ - 16,725,094 $ 3,000 $ 34,197 $ 271,369 $ (83,523) $ 225,043
(1)Cumulative effect adjustment pursuant to adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. See Note 1 for additional information.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income $ 24,137 $ 46,399 $ 49,607
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
Credit loss expense (benefit) 700 (2,500) (1,500)
Net amortization and accretion 3,293 2,965 2,111
Securities (gains) losses, net 431 - (51)
Stock-based compensation 3,111 3,357 2,573
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance (1,044) (964) (923)
Gain from bank-owned life insurance (691) - -
Depreciation 1,856 1,498 1,504
Provision for deferred income taxes 447 1,583 82
Change in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable (1,593) (3,098) 2,341
(Increase) decrease in other assets (2,794) 1,005 2,118
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities (2,604) 9,194 16
Net cash provided by operating activities 25,249 59,439 57,878
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale 11,285 - 30,374
Proceeds from principal paydowns, maturities and calls of securities available for sale 42,370 79,959 95,733
Purchases of securities available for sale - (120,077) (481,140)
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock (115,480) (75,092) (2,329)
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock 111,859 65,721 4,087
Net increase in loans (184,788) (287,031) (175,193)
Proceeds of principal and earnings from bank-owned life insurance 2,458 - -
Purchases of premises and equipment (36,387) (21,311) (8,743)
Net cash used in investing activities (168,683) (357,831) (537,211)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits 93,371 (135,597) 315,011
Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings (49,730) 197,120 (2,495)
Net increase (decrease) in Federal Home Loan Bank advances 160,000 30,000 (50,000)
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt, net of issuance costs - 58,756 -
Proceeds from long-term debt - - 34,500
Principal payments on long-term debt (3,750) (35) (4,537)
Common stock dividends paid (16,704) (16,619) (15,543)
Restricted stock units withheld for payroll taxes (935) (1,519) (1,213)
Net cash provided by financing activities 182,252 132,106 275,723
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 38,818 (166,286) (203,610)
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning 26,539 192,825 396,435
Ending $ 65,357 $ 26,539 $ 192,825
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash payments for:
Interest $ 87,846 $ 28,868 $ 12,641
Income taxes 5,720 10,630 13,380
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 1. Organization and Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization and nature of business: West Bancorporation, Inc. operates in the commercial banking industry through its wholly-owned subsidiary, West Bank. West Bank is a state chartered bank and has its main office in West Des Moines, Iowa, with five additional offices located in the Des Moines, Iowa, metropolitan area, one office located in Coralville, Iowa, and four offices located in Minnesota, in the cities of Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud. As used herein, the term “Company” refers to West Bancorporation, Inc., or if the context dictates, West Bancorporation, Inc. and its subsidiary.
Significant accounting policies:
Accounting estimates and assumptions: The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these footnotes are to the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM, sometimes referred to as the Codification or ASC. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term are the fair value of financial instruments and the allowance for credit losses.
Consolidation policy: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, West Bank and West Bank’s special purpose subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Company owns an unconsolidated subsidiary, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I (the Trust), which was formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. In accordance with GAAP, the results of the Trust are recorded on the books of the Company using the equity method of accounting and are not consolidated.
Segment information: An operating segment is generally defined as a component of a business for which discrete financial information is available and whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker. As a community-oriented financial institution, substantially all of West Bank’s operations involve the delivery of loan and deposit products to customers. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of the community banking activities, which constitutes the Company’s only operating segment for financial reporting purposes.
Comprehensive income: Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (OCI). OCI consists of the net change in unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s securities available for sale and the change in fair value of derivative instruments designated as hedges.
Cash and cash equivalents and cash flows: For statement of cash flow purposes, the Company considers cash, due from banks and interest-bearing deposits to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash inflows and outflows from loans, deposits, federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings and FHLB advances are reported on a net basis.
Securities Available for Sale: Securities that may be sold for general liquidity needs, in response to market interest rate fluctuations, implementation of asset-liability management strategies, funding loan demand, changes in securities prepayment risk or other similar factors are classified as available for sale and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of deferred income taxes. Realized gains and losses on sales of securities are computed on a specific identification basis based on amortized cost.
The amortized cost of securities available for sale is adjusted for accretion of discounts to maturity and amortization of premiums over the estimated life of each security or, in the case of callable securities, through the first call date, using the effective yield method. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income. Interest income on securities is recognized using the interest method according to the terms of the security.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The Company evaluates each of its securities whose value has declined below amortized cost to determine if any of the decline is due to a credit loss. If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the security is written down to fair value through income. Subsequent to this evaluation, the Company evaluates whether any individual securities in an unrealized loss position represent credit losses that require an allowance for credit loss. Decreases in fair value attributable to credit losses would be recorded to earnings as a credit loss expense with a corresponding allowance for credit losses, limited by the amount the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. If the credit quality subsequently improves, the allowance would be reversed, up to a maximum of the previously recorded credit loss. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Federal Home Loan Bank stock: West Bank, as a member of the FHLB system, is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to 0.06 percent of total assets plus 4.50 percent of outstanding advances from the FHLB and the outstanding principal balance of loans previously issued through the Mortgage Partnership Finance Program (MPF). No ready market exists for the FHLB stock, and it has no quoted market value. The Company evaluates this asset for impairment on a quarterly basis and determined there was no impairment as of December 31, 2023. All shares of FHLB stock are issued and redeemed at par value.
Loans: Loans are stated at the principal amounts outstanding, net of unamortized loan fees and costs, with interest income recognized on the interest method based upon the terms of the loan. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method. Loans are reported by the portfolio segments identified and are analyzed by management on this basis. All loan policies identified below apply to all segments of the loan portfolio.
Delinquencies are determined based on the payment terms of the individual loan agreements. The accrual of interest on past due and other impaired loans is generally discontinued at 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, the borrower may be unable to make all payments pursuant to contractual terms. Unless considered collectible, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income, if accrued in the current year, or charged to the allowance for credit losses, if accrued in a prior year. Generally, all payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied to the principal balance of the loan. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Based upon its ongoing assessment of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the Company maintains a Watch List, which includes loans classified as Doubtful, Substandard and Watch according to the Company’s classification criteria. These loans involve the anticipated potential for payment defaults or collateral inadequacies. If it is determined that a loan on the Watch List no longer shares risk characteristics with the pooled loans, it will be individually evaluated for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loans to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the loan.
Allowance for credit losses: The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account estimated at each balance sheet date and deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected. The Company estimates the ACL based on the underlying loans’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the loan is originated or acquired, adjusted for collection of cash and charge-offs, as well as applicable accretion or amortization of premiums, discounts, and net deferred fees or costs. The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. When the Company deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a loan is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, a loan will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The Company measures the ACL of loans on a collective (pool) basis when the loans share similar risk characteristics and uses a cash flow-based method to estimate expected credit losses for each of these pools. The Company’s methodology for estimating the ACL considers available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical experience was observed. In addition to the historical loss information, the Company utilizes qualitative factors to adjust the ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of the changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality and collateral values, company-specific data, or effects of other factors such as market competition or legal and regulatory requirements. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the pooled loans are evaluated for credit losses on an individual basis. In addition, regulatory agencies, as integral parts of their examination processes, periodically review the Company’s allowance for credit losses, and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.
Premises and equipment: Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The straight-line method of depreciation and amortization is used for calculating expense. The estimated useful lives of premises and equipment range up to 40 years for buildings, up to 10 years for furniture and equipment, and the shorter of the estimated useful life or lease term for leasehold improvements.
The Company reviews its property and equipment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value.
Other real estate owned: Real estate properties acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling cost at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Fair value is determined by management by obtaining appraisals or other market value information at the time of foreclosure. Any write-downs in value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for credit losses. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management by obtaining updated appraisals or other market value information at least annually. Any subsequent write-downs are recorded as a charge to operations, if necessary, to reduce the carrying value of a property to the updated fair value less estimated selling cost. Net costs related to the holding of properties are included in noninterest expense. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no other real estate owned.
Trust assets: Assets held by West Bank in fiduciary or agency capacities, other than trust cash on deposit at West Bank, are not included in the consolidated balance sheets of the Company, as such assets are not assets of West Bank. The Company managed or administered accounts with assets totaling $612,190 and $550,994 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Bank-owned life insurance: The carrying amount of bank-owned life insurance consists of the initial premium paid, plus increases in cash value, less the carrying amount associated with any death benefit received. Death benefits paid in excess of the applicable carrying amount are recognized as income. Increases in cash value and the portion of death benefits recognized as income are exempt from income taxes.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Derivatives: The Company uses derivative financial instruments, which consist of interest rate swaps, to assist in its interest rate risk management. All derivatives are measured and reported at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as other assets or other liabilities. The Company records cash flow hedges at the inception of the derivative contract based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness as a hedge. The Company documents the strategy for entering into the transactions and the method of assessing ongoing effectiveness. Cash flow hedges represent a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge that is effective, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. All of the Company’s cash flow hedges qualify for hedge accounting and are considered highly effective.
Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged. To determine fair value, the Company uses third-party pricing models that incorporate assumptions about market conditions and risks that are current at the reporting date. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
The Company formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged items. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitment is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended. When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as noninterest income. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods in which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.
To accommodate customer needs, the Company on occasion offers loan level interest rate swaps to its customers and offsets its exposure from such contracts by entering into mirror image swaps with a swap counterparty (back-to-back swap program). The interest rate swaps are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value. The customer accommodations and any offsetting swaps are treated as non-hedging derivative instruments which do not qualify for hedge accounting.
Stock-based compensation: Compensation expense for stock-based awards is recorded over the vesting period, or until the participant reaches full retirement age if less than the vesting period, at the fair value of the award at the time of grant. Certain grants of restricted stock units (RSUs) are subject to performance-based vesting and cliff vest based on those conditions. Compensation expense is recognized over the service period to the extent restricted stock awards are expected to vest. The fair value of RSUs granted under the Company’s incentive plans is equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date, adjusted for dividends and required post vesting holding periods where applicable. The Company has elected to record forfeitures as they occur. See Note 13 Stock Compensation Plans for further information.
Deferred compensation: The West Bancorporation, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the Deferred Compensation Plan) provides certain individuals with additional deferral opportunities in planning for retirement. Eligible participants, including directors and key officers of the Company, may choose to voluntarily defer receipt of a portion of their respective cash compensation. The Deferred Compensation Plan is an unfunded, nonqualified deferred compensation plan intended to conform to the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. Liabilities accrued under the Deferred Compensation Plan totaled $1,021 and $648 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Income taxes: The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return. Income tax expense is generally allocated as if the Company and its subsidiary file separate income tax returns. Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, capital losses and net operating losses, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some tax positions taken will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the positions taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the consolidated financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. The evaluation of a tax position taken is considered by itself and is not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. Management does not believe the Company has any material uncertain tax positions to disclose.
Interest and penalties, if any, related to income taxes are recorded as other noninterest expense in the consolidated income statements in the year assessed.
Revenue recognition: Revenue from deposit account-related fees, including general service fees charged for deposit account maintenance and activity and transaction-based fees charged for certain services, such as debit card, wire transfer or overdraft activities, is recognized when the performance obligation is completed, which is generally after a transaction is completed or monthly for account maintenance services. Trust services, which include periodic fees earned from trusts and investment management agency accounts, estate administration, custody accounts, individual retirement accounts, and other related services, are charged based on standard agreements or by statute and are recognized over the period of time the Company provides the contracted services.
Earnings per common share: Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if the Company’s outstanding RSUs were vested. The dilutive effect is computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes all stock-based awards were exercised and the hypothetical proceeds from exercise were used by the Company to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.
Current accounting developments: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in this update require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial assets. Under the update, the income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount of financial assets. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination that are measured at amortized cost basis is determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured at amortized cost basis; however, the initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price rather than being reported as a credit loss expense. Only subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a credit loss expense for these assets. Off-balance-sheet arrangements such as commitments to extend credit, guarantees, and standby letters of credit that are not considered derivatives under ASC 815 and are not unconditionally cancellable are also within the scope of this update. Credit losses relating to available for sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). This update amended the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for certain entities, including smaller reporting companies, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal periods. The one-time determination date for identifying as a smaller reporting company was November 15, 2019. The Company met the definition of a smaller reporting company as of that date and was not required to adopt the standard until January 1, 2023.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU improve the usefulness of information provided to investors about certain loan refinancings, restructurings, and write-offs. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) by creditors that have adopted ASU No. 2016-13. It also enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Lastly, the amendments require that a public business entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases.
The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 using the modified retrospective method for financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for the periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASU No. 2016-13, while prior period amounts are reported in accordance with the previously applicable accounting standards. The Company recorded a reduction to retained earnings of $3,626 upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-13. The transition adjustment included an increase to the allowance for credit losses on loans of $2,458 and established an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures of $2,344. There was no allowance for credit losses recorded for available-for-sale debt securities. The transition adjustment included corresponding increases in deferred tax assets of $1,176.
The following table illustrates the impact of ASC 326 adoption.
January 1, 2023
Pre-ASC 326 Adoption Impact of ASC 326 Adoption As Reported Under ASC 326
Assets:
Commercial $ 4,804 $ 677 $ 5,481
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 3,548 (234) 3,314
1-4 family residential first mortgages 357 121 478
Home equity 101 (8) 93
Commercial 16,575 1,911 18,486
Consumer and other 88 (9) 79
Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 25,473 $ 2,458 $ 27,931
Liabilities:
Liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures $ - $ 2,344 $ 2,344
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. They provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update were effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope. The amendments in this update refined the scope for certain optional expedients and exceptions for contract modifications and hedge accounting to apply to derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by the discounting transition. The amendments in this update were effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. The amendment in this update extends the period of time preparers can utilize reference rate reform relief guidance in Topic 848, discussed above. ASU No. 2022-06 defers the sunset date from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The Company does not expect the updates within Topic 848 to have a material impact on our financial statements.
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using Proportional Amortization Method. The ASU is intended to improve the accounting and disclosures for investments in tax credit structures. It allows reporting entities to elect to adopt for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the ASU to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The ASU incorporates certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM.. The amendments in the ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC’s regulations. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity. These amendments have not had an impact to the Company as of December 31, 2023.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU is intended to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table and income taxes paid to be disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 2. Earnings per Common Share
The calculation of earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share is presented below for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
(in thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2021
Net income $ 24,137 $ 46,399 $ 49,607
Weighted average common shares outstanding 16,704 16,620 16,534
Weighted average effect of restricted stock units outstanding 46 178 255
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 16,750 16,798 16,789
Basic earnings per common share $ 1.44 $ 2.79 $ 3.00
Diluted earnings per common share $ 1.44 $ 2.76 $ 2.95
Number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from diluted earnings per share computation
412 152 -
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 3. Securities Available for Sale
The following tables show the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of securities available for sale, by security type as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Amortized
Cost Gross Unrealized
Gains Gross Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 231,413 $ 19 $ (38,427) $ 193,005
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
305,200 - (55,267) 249,933
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
157,711 - (25,873) 131,838
Collateralized loan obligations 37,632 - (96) 37,536
Corporate notes 13,750 - (2,143) 11,607
$ 745,706 $ 19 $ (121,806) $ 623,919
Amortized
Cost Gross Unrealized
Gains Gross Unrealized
Losses Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 242,823 $ 4 $ (49,472) $ 193,355
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
338,875 - (57,247) 281,628
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
169,451 - (29,171) 140,280
Collateralized loan obligations 37,948 - (1,137) 36,811
Corporate notes 13,750 - (1,709) 12,041
$ 802,847 $ 4 $ (138,736) $ 664,115
(1)Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities consist of residential and commercial mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations guaranteed by FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA and SBA.
Securities with an amortized cost of approximately $447,074 and $293,017 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were pledged to secure access to FHLB advances and Federal Reserve credit programs, for public fund deposits, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law or regulation.
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale as of December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Certain securities have call features that allow the issuer to call the securities prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities for collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories within the following maturity summary.
Amortized Cost Fair Value
Due after five years through ten years $ 73,481 $ 68,354
Due after ten years 209,314 173,794
282,795 242,148
Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities 462,911 381,771
$ 745,706 $ 623,919
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The details of the sales of securities available for sale for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are summarized in the following table.
2023 2022 2021
Proceeds from sales $ 11,285 $ - $ 30,374
Gross gains on sales - - 282
Gross losses on sales 431 - 231
The following tables show the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
Fair
Value Gross Unrealized
(Losses) No. of Securities Fair
Value Gross Unrealized
Losses No. of Securities Fair
Value Gross Unrealized
(Losses)
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 3,353 $ (89) 5 $ 184,522 $ (38,338) 92 $ 187,875 $ (38,427)
Collateralized mortgage obligations - - - 249,933 (55,267) 72 249,933 (55,267)
Mortgage-backed securities - - - 131,838 (25,873) 27 131,838 (25,873)
Collateralized loan obligations - - - 37,536 (96) 6 37,536 (96)
Corporate notes - - - 11,607 (2,143) 8 11,607 (2,143)
$ 3,353 $ (89) 5 $ 615,436 $ (121,717) 205 $ 618,789 $ (121,806)
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
Fair
Value Gross Unrealized
(Losses) No. of Securities Fair
Value Gross Unrealized
Losses No. of Securities Fair
Value Gross Unrealized
(Losses)
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 74,676 $ (11,556) 74 $ 118,487 $ (37,916) 43 $ 193,163 $ (49,472)
Collateralized mortgage obligations 107,449 (14,484) 48 174,179 (42,763) 31 281,628 (57,247)
Mortgage-backed securities 31,350 (4,556) 8 108,930 (24,615) 19 140,280 (29,171)
Collateralized loan obligations 14,468 (480) 3 22,343 (657) 3 36,811 (1,137)
Corporate notes 9,185 (1,315) 5 2,856 (394) 3 12,041 (1,709)
$ 237,128 $ (32,391) 138 $ 426,795 $ (106,345) 99 $ 663,923 $ (138,736)
The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023 which requires credit losses on available-for-sale securities to be recorded in an allowance for credit losses. If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the security is written down to fair value through income. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have the intent to sell, nor was it more likely than not that we would be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position prior to recovery. As of December 31, 2023, the Company also determined that no individual securities in an unrealized loss position represented credit losses that would require an allowance for credit losses. The Company concluded that the unrealized losses were primarily attributable to increases in market interest rates since these securities were purchased and other market conditions. Accrued interest receivable is not included in available-for-sale security balances and is presented in the “Accrued interest receivable” line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest receivable on securities was $3,271 as of December 31, 2023, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
As of December 31, 2022, the Company believed the unrealized losses on securities available for sale were due to market conditions rather than reduced estimated cash flows. At December 31, 2022, the Company did not intend to sell the securities, did not anticipate these securities will be required to be sold before anticipated recovery, and expected full principal and interest to be collected. Therefore, under the accounting principles effective at December 31, 2022, the Company did not consider these securities to have other than temporary impairment as of December 31, 2022.
Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
Loans consisted of the following segments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
2023 2022
Commercial $ 531,594 $ 519,196
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 413,477 363,014
1-4 family residential first mortgages 106,688 75,211
Home equity 14,618 10,322
Commercial 1,854,510 1,771,940
Consumer and other 10,930 7,292
2,931,817 2,746,975
Net unamortized fees and costs (4,282) (4,139)
$ 2,927,535 $ 2,742,836
The loan portfolio included $2,003,699 and $1,919,948 of fixed-rate loans and $928,118 and $827,027 of variable-rate loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Real estate loans of approximately $1,420,000 and $1,190,000 were pledged as security for FHLB advances as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The Company has had, and may be expected to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of business with directors, executive officers, their immediate families, and affiliated companies in which they are principal stockholders or executive officers (commonly referred to as related parties), all of which have been originated, in the opinion of management, on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. None of these loans are past due, on nonaccrual status or restructured to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. There were no loans to a related party that the Company considered adversely classified at December 31, 2023 or 2022. Loan transactions with related parties were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
2023 2022 2021
Balance, beginning of year $ 155,789 $ 143,768 119,600
New loans 1,699 42,371 35,450
Repayments (16,513) (20,650) (11,282)
Effect of change in director status (30,682) (9,700) -
Balance, end of year $ 110,293 $ 155,789 $ 143,768
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans
The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, at which time the Company implemented the CECL model in estimating the ACL valuation account. The following table details the changes in the ACL by loan segment for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 4,804 $ 3,548 $ 357 $ 101 $ 16,575 $ 88 $ 25,473
Adoption of CECL 677 (234) 121 (8) 1,911 (9) 2,458
Charge-offs (55) (39) (40) - - - (134)
Recoveries 36 2 2 5 - - 45
Provision for credit loss expense(1)
(171) 391 264 44 (66) 38 500
Ending balance $ 5,291 $ 3,668 $ 704 $ 142 $ 18,420 $ 117 $ 28,342
(1)The negative provisions for the various segments are related to the decline in outstanding balances in each of those portfolio segments during the time periods disclosed, improvement in qualitative risk factors related to those portfolio segments and/or changes in economic forecasts.
Prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, the Company calculated the allowance for loan losses using the incurred loss methodology. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for loan losses by segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 4,776 $ 3,646 $ 339 $ 91 $ 19,466 $ 46 $ 28,364
Charge-offs - - (31) - (451) - (482)
Recoveries 29 - 33 4 25 - 91
Provision for loan losses (1)
(1) (98) 16 6 (2,465) 42 (2,500)
Ending balance $ 4,804 $ 3,548 $ 357 $ 101 $ 16,575 $ 88 $ 25,473
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 4,718 $ 2,634 $ 360 $ 114 $ 21,535 $ 75 $ 29,436
Charge-offs - - - - - - -
Recoveries 404 - 2 4 13 5 428
Provision for loan losses (1)
(346) 1,012 (23) (27) (2,082) (34) (1,500)
Ending balance $ 4,776 $ 3,646 $ 339 $ 91 $ 19,466 $ 46 $ 28,364
(1)The negative provisions for the various segments are related to the decline in outstanding balances in each of those portfolio segments during the time periods disclosed and/or improvement in the credit quality factors related to those portfolio segments
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables present a breakdown of the allowance for credit losses by segment, disaggregated based on the evaluation method as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
December 31, 2023
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 5,291 3,668 704 142 18,420 117 28,342
Total $ 5,291 $ 3,668 $ 704 $ 142 $ 18,420 $ 117 $ 28,342
December 31, 2022
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,804 3,548 357 101 16,575 88 25,473
Total $ 4,804 $ 3,548 $ 357 $ 101 $ 16,575 $ 88 $ 25,473
The following tables present the recorded investment in loans, exclusive of unamortized fees and costs, disaggregated based on the evaluation method by segment as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
December 31, 2023
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ - $ - $ 296 $ - $ - $ - $ 296
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 531,594 413,477 106,392 14,618 1,854,510 10,930 2,931,521
Total $ 531,594 $ 413,477 $ 106,688 $ 14,618 $ 1,854,510 $ 10,930 $ 2,931,817
December 31, 2022
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ 322 $ - $ - $ - $ 322
Collectively evaluated for impairment 519,196 363,014 74,889 10,322 1,771,940 7,292 2,746,653
Total $ 519,196 $ 363,014 $ 75,211 $ 10,322 $ 1,771,940 $ 7,292 $ 2,746,975
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Under the CECL model, the ACL is a valuation account estimated at each balance sheet date and deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected. The Company estimates the ACL based on the underlying loans' amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the loan is originated or acquired, adjusted for collection of cash and charge-offs, as well as applicable accretion or amortization of premiums, discounts, and net deferred fees or costs. The Company's estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected restructuring. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the ACL.
Accrued interest on loans of $10,292 and $8,665 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was included in accrued interest receivable on the balance sheet and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Expected credit losses are reflected in the allowance for credit losses through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a loan is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, a loan will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.
The Company measures expected credit losses of loans on a collective (pool) basis when the loans share similar risk characteristics and uses a cash flow-based method to estimate expected credit losses for each of these pools. The Company's methodology for estimating the ACL considers available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical experience was observed. In addition to the historical loss information, the Company utilizes qualitative factors to adjust the ACL as appropriate. Qualitative factors are based on management’s judgment of the changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality and collateral values, company-specific data, or effects of other factors such as market competition or legal and regulatory requirements.
The Company uses a cash flow-based model to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments. For each of the loan segments, the Company calculates a cash flow projection using contractual terms, estimated prepayment speeds, estimated curtailment rates, and other relevant data. The Company uses regression analysis that links historical losses of the Company and a peer group to two economic metrics: national unemployment rate and 10-year treasury rate over 2-year treasury rate spread to establish the loss rates applied to the projected cash flows. For all loan segments, the Company uses a forecast period of four quarters and reverts to a historical rate after four quarters. When estimating prepayment speed and curtailment rates, the modeling is based on historical internal data.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Nonaccrual Loans and Delinquency Status
Delinquencies are determined based on the payment terms of the individual loan agreements. The accrual of interest on past due and other individually evaluated loans is generally discontinued at 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, the borrower may be unable to make all payments pursuant to contractual terms. Unless considered collectible, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. Generally, all payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied to the principal balance of the loan. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status, loans on nonaccrual status with no allowance for credit losses recorded, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by loan segment.
Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Losses 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land
development - - - - - -
1-4 family residential first
mortgages 296 322 296 322 - -
Home equity - - - - - -
Commercial - - - - - -
Consumer and other - - - - - -
Total $ 296 $ 322 $ 296 $ 322 $ - $ -
There was no interest income recognized on loans that were on nonaccrual for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Interest income forgone on nonaccrual loans was $15, $144 and $534, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables provide an analysis of the delinquency status of the amortized cost of loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
December 31, 2023
30-59
Days Past
Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total
Past Due Current Total Loans
Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 531,594 $ 531,594
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development - - - - 413,477 413,477
1-4 family residential
first mortgages - - - - 106,688 106,688
Home equity - - - - 14,618 14,618
Commercial - - - - 1,854,510 1,854,510
Consumer and other - - - - 10,930 10,930
Total $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 2,931,817 $ 2,931,817
December 31, 2022
30-59
Days Past
Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total
Past Due Current Total Loans
Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 519,196 $ 519,196
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development - - - - 363,014 363,014
1-4 family residential
first mortgages - - - - 75,211 75,211
Home equity - - - - 10,322 10,322
Commercial - - - - 1,771,940 1,771,940
Consumer and other - - - - 7,292 7,292
Total $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 2,746,975 $ 2,746,975
Loan Restructurings Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Credit Quality Indicators
Based upon its ongoing assessment of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the Company maintains a Watch List, which includes loans classified as Doubtful, Substandard and Watch according to the Company’s classification criteria. These loans involve the anticipated potential for payment defaults or collateral inadequacies. A loan on the Watch List is analyzed individually to categorize the loan to the appropriate credit risk category.
All loans are subject to the assessment of a credit quality indicator. Risk ratings are assigned for each loan at the time of approval, and they change as circumstances dictate during the term of the loan. The Company utilizes a 9-point risk rating scale as shown below, with ratings 1 - 5 included in the Pass column, rating 6 included in the Watch column, ratings 7 - 8 included in the Substandard column and rating 9 included in the Doubtful column.
Risk rating 1: The loan is secured by cash equivalent collateral.
Risk rating 2: The loan is secured by properly margined marketable securities, bonds or cash surrender value of life insurance.
Risk rating 3: The borrower is in strong financial condition and has strong debt service capacity. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends of the borrower exceed industry statistics.
Risk rating 4: The borrower’s financial condition is satisfactory and stable. The borrower has satisfactory debt service capacity, and the loan is well secured. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends fall in line with industry statistics.
Risk rating 5: The borrower's financial condition is less than satisfactory. The loan is still generally paying as agreed, but strained cash flows may cause some slowness in payments. The collateral values adequately preclude loss on the loan. Financial characteristics and trends lag industry statistics. There may be noncompliance with loan covenants.
Risk rating 6: The borrower's financial condition is deficient. Payment delinquencies may be more common. Collateral values still protect from loss, but margins are narrow. The loan may be reliant on secondary sources of repayment, including liquidation of collateral and guarantor support.
Risk rating 7: The loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Well-defined weaknesses exist that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The Company is inadequately protected by the valuation or paying capacity of the collateral pledged. If deficiencies are not corrected, there is a distinct possibility that a loss will be sustained.
Risk rating 8: All the characteristics of rating 7 exist with the added condition that the loan is past due more than 90 days or there is reason to believe the Company will not receive its principal and interest according to the terms of the loan agreement.
Risk rating 9: All the weaknesses inherent in risk ratings 7 and 8 exist with the added condition that collection or liquidation, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, is highly questionable and improbable. A loan reaching this category would most likely be charged off.
Credit quality indicators for all loans and the Company's risk rating process are dynamic and updated on a continuous basis. Risk ratings are updated as circumstances that could affect the repayment of an individual loan are brought to management's attention through an established monitoring process. Individual bankers initiate changes as appropriate for ratings 1 through 5, and changes for ratings 6 through 9 are initiated by management. The likelihood of loss increases as the risk rating increases and is generally preceded by a loan appearing on the Watch List, which consists of all loans with a risk rating of 6 or worse. Written action plans with firm target dates for resolution of identified problems are maintained and reviewed on a quarterly basis for all segments of loans included on the Watch List.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
In addition to the Company’s internal credit monitoring practices and procedures, an outsourced independent credit review function is in place to further assess assigned internal risk classifications and monitor compliance with internal lending policies and procedures.
In all portfolio segments, the primary risks are that a borrower's income stream diminishes to the point that the borrower is not able to make scheduled principal and interest payments and any collateral securing the loan declines in value. The risk of declining collateral values is present for most types of loans.
Commercial loans consist primarily of loans to businesses for various purposes, including revolving lines to finance current operations, inventory and accounts receivable, and capital expenditure loans to finance equipment and other fixed assets. These loans generally have short maturities, have either adjustable or fixed interest rates, and are either unsecured or secured by inventory, accounts receivable and/or fixed assets. For commercial loans, the primary source of repayment is from the operation of the business.
Real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral, and consist of loans on commercial properties and single and multifamily residences. Real estate loans are typically structured to mature or reprice every five to ten years with payments based on amortization periods up to 30 years. The majority of construction loans are to contractors and developers for construction of commercial buildings or residential real estate. These loans typically have maturities of up to 24 months. The Company's loan policy includes minimum appraisal and other credit guidelines.
Consumer loans include loans extended to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures not secured by real estate. The majority of the Company's consumer lending is for vehicles, consolidation of personal debts and household improvements. The repayment source for consumer loans, including 1-4 family residential and home equity loans, is typically wages.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans by loan segment, credit quality indicator and origination year, and the current period gross write-off by loan segment and origination year, based on the analysis performed as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Term Loans by Origination Year
As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total
Commercial
Pass $ 147,971 $ 110,228 $ 48,291 $ 31,423 $ 6,510 $ 44,146 $ 143,025 $ 531,594
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 147,971 $ 110,228 $ 48,291 $ 31,423 $ 6,510 $ 44,146 $ 143,025 $ 531,594
Current period gross writeoffs $ 37 $ - $ - $ - $ 18 $ - $ - $ 55
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development
Pass $ 126,608 $ 114,176 $ 64,797 $ 20,210 $ 1,458 $ - $ 86,228 $ 413,477
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 126,608 $ 114,176 $ 64,797 $ 20,210 $ 1,458 $ - $ 86,228 $ 413,477
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ 39 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 39
1-4 family residential first mortgages
Pass $ 46,766 $ 20,531 $ 19,670 $ 11,779 $ 3,663 $ 3,176 $ 663 $ 106,248
Watch 144 - - - - - - 144
Substandard - - - - 296 - - 296
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 46,910 $ 20,531 $ 19,670 $ 11,779 $ 3,959 $ 3,176 $ 663 $ 106,688
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ 40 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 40
Home equity
Pass $ 2,804 $ 288 $ 508 $ 98 $ 138 $ 16 $ 10,766 $ 14,618
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 2,804 $ 288 $ 508 $ 98 $ 138 $ 16 $ 10,766 $ 14,618
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Commercial
Pass $ 212,772 $ 519,783 $ 463,750 $ 359,032 $ 84,995 $ 195,967 $ 18,211 $ 1,854,510
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 212,772 $ 519,783 $ 463,750 $ 359,032 $ 84,995 $ 195,967 $ 18,211 $ 1,854,510
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Consumer and other
Pass $ 1,740 $ 211 $ 392 $ 51 $ 17 $ 126 $ 8,393 $ 10,930
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 1,740 $ 211 $ 392 $ 51 $ 17 $ 126 $ 8,393 $ 10,930
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Term Loans by Origination Year
As of December 31, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Total
Commercial
Pass $ 166,177 $ 65,148 $ 64,103 $ 9,926 $ 23,771 $ 24,103 $ 165,968 $ 519,196
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 166,177 $ 65,148 $ 64,103 $ 9,926 $ 23,771 $ 24,103 $ 165,968 $ 519,196
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development
Pass $ 151,963 $ 96,486 $ 39,604 $ 1,562 $ 196 $ - $ 73,156 $ 362,967
Watch 47 - - - - - - 47
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 152,010 $ 96,486 $ 39,604 $ 1,562 $ 196 $ - $ 73,156 $ 363,014
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
1-4 family residential first mortgages
Pass $ 24,777 $ 24,042 $ 14,879 $ 4,229 $ 1,283 $ 4,267 $ 1,176 $ 74,653
Watch - 148 - - - - - 148
Substandard 88 - - 322 - - - 410
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 24,865 $ 24,190 $ 14,879 $ 4,551 $ 1,283 $ 4,267 $ 1,176 $ 75,211
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 31 $ - $ 31
Home equity
Pass $ 413 $ 613 $ 512 $ 130 $ 169 $ - $ 8,485 $ 10,322
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 413 $ 613 $ 512 $ 130 $ 169 $ - $ 8,485 $ 10,322
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Commercial
Pass $ 543,138 $ 440,150 $ 405,935 $ 92,304 $ 54,723 $ 169,055 $ 12,599 $ 1,717,904
Watch 22,553 30,573 - 910 - - - 54,036
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 565,691 $ 470,723 $ 405,935 $ 93,214 $ 54,723 $ 169,055 $ 12,599 $ 1,771,940
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ 451 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 451
Consumer and other
Pass $ 1,176 $ 1,082 $ 136 $ 86 $ 272 $ 72 $ 4,468 $ 7,292
Watch - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Total $ 1,176 $ 1,082 $ 136 $ 86 $ 272 $ 72 $ 4,468 $ 7,292
Current period gross writeoffs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Collateral Dependent Loans
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent loans where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loans to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the loan.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans.
As of December 31, 2023
Primary Type of Collateral
Real Estate Equipment Other Total ACL Allocation
1-4 family residential first mortgages $ 296 $ - $ - $ 296 $ -
Total $ 296 $ - $ - $ 296 $ -
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Impaired Loans
The following table summarizes the recorded investment in impaired loans by segment, broken down by loans with no related allowance and loans with a related allowance and the amount of that allowance as of December 31, 2022, prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2023.
December 31, 2022
Recorded
Investment Unpaid
Principal
Balance Related
Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial $ - $ - $ -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development - - -
1-4 family residential first mortgages 322 322 -
Home equity - - -
Commercial - - -
Consumer and other - - -
322 322 -
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial - - -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development - - -
1-4 family residential first mortgages - - -
Home equity - - -
Commercial - - -
Consumer and other - - -
- - -
Total:
Commercial - - -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development - - -
1-4 family residential first mortgages 322 322 -
Home equity - - -
Commercial - - -
Consumer and other - - -
Total impaired loans $ 322 $ 322 $ -
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following table summarizes the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial $ - $ - $ - $ -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development - - - -
1-4 family residential first mortgages 336 - 363 -
Home equity - - - -
Commercial - - - -
Consumer and other - - - -
336 - 363 -
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial - - - -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development - - - -
1-4 family residential first mortgages - - - -
Home equity - - - -
Commercial 3,915 - 13,002 -
Consumer and other - - - -
3,915 - 13,002 -
Total:
Commercial - - - -
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development - - - -
1-4 family residential first mortgages 336 - 363 -
Home equity - - - -
Commercial 3,915 - 13,002 -
Consumer and other - - - -
Total impaired loans $ 4,251 $ - $ 13,365 $ -
Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures
The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life using the same models for the Company’s other loan portfolio segments described above. The Company's allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments was $2,544 as of December 31, 2023. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is presented in the “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is reflected in the “Credit loss expense” line of the Consolidated Statements of Income. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a credit loss expense of $200 associated with off-balance sheet credit exposures.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 5. Premises and Equipment, Net
Premises and equipment consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
2023 2022
Land $ 11,049 $ 10,450
Buildings 69,693 37,173
Right-of-use assets under operating leases 3,231 4,487
Leasehold improvements 3,557 3,578
Furniture and equipment 11,880 9,441
99,410 65,129
Accumulated depreciation (13,011) (12,005)
$ 86,399 $ 53,124
Note 6. Operating Leases
The Company leases real estate for its main office, five branch offices and office space for operations departments under various operating lease agreements. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from April 2024 to February 2033, some of which include options to renew at the Company's discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. The weighted average remaining lives of the lease terms used in the measurement of the operating lease liability were 6.7 years and 6.5 years as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease was the FHLB fixed advance rate which corresponded with the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 for leases that existed at adoption of this accounting standard and as of the lease commencement date for leases entered into subsequent to January 1, 2019. The weighted average discount rates used in the measurement of the operating lease liabilities were 3.42 percent and 3.32 percent as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Operating lease right-of-use assets are included in premises and equipment. Operating lease liabilities of $3,402 and $4,681 were included in other liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Rent expense related to these leases was $1,510, $1,395 and $1,958, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Total estimated rental commitments for the operating leases were as follows as of December 31, 2023.
2024 $ 857
2025 588
2026 503
2027 347
2028 356
Thereafter 1,178
Total lease payments 3,829
Less: present value discount (427)
Present value of lease liabilities $ 3,402
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 7. Deposits
The scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows as of December 31, 2023.
2024 $ 469,777
2025 29,107
2026 2,462
2027 1,649
2028 775
$ 503,770
Note 8. Subordinated Notes
In July 2003, the Company issued $20,619 in junior subordinated debentures to the Company’s subsidiary trust, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I. The junior subordinated debentures are senior to the Company’s common stock. As a result, the Company must make payments on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) before any dividends can be paid on its common stock, and, in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the debentures must be satisfied before any distribution can be made to the holders of the common stock. The Company has the right to defer distributions on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) for up to five years, during which time no dividends may be paid to holders of the Company’s common stock. The junior subordinated debentures have a 30-year term, do not require any principal amortization, and are callable at the issuer’s option. The interest rate is a variable rate based on the 3-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 0.26161 percent tenor spread adjustment plus 3.05 percent. At December 31, 2023, the interest rate was 8.64 percent. Interest is payable quarterly, unless deferred. The Company has never deferred an interest payment. The effective cost of the junior subordinated debentures at December 31, 2023, including amortization of issuance costs, was 8.71 percent. Holders of the trust preferred securities associated with the junior subordinated debentures have no voting rights, are unsecured, and rank junior in priority to all the Company’s indebtedness and senior to the Company’s common stock. The junior subordinated debentures were reported net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $127 and $141 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company has an interest rate swap contract that effectively converts $20,000 of the variable-rate junior subordinated debentures to a fixed rate of 4.81 percent. See Note 11 for additional information on the interest rate swap. In addition, the junior subordinated debentures qualify as additional Tier 1 capital of the Company for regulatory purposes.
In June 2022, the Company issued $60,000 of subordinated notes (the Notes). The Notes initially bear interest at 5.25 percent per annum, with interest payable semi-annually for the first five years of the Notes. Beginning in June 2027, the interest rate will be reset quarterly to a floating rate per annum that is expected to be three-month term SOFR plus 2.41 percent with payments due quarterly. The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, on or after June 15, 2027 at a price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the Notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Notes will mature on June 15, 2032 if they are not earlier redeemed. Proceeds from this debt issuance were used to make a $58,650 capital injection into the Company’s subsidiary, West Bank. The Notes were reported net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $860 and $1,109 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 9. Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings
The Company had fixed-rate FHLB advances totaling $315,000 and $155,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Advances with a total of $295,000 have maturities of one month and are part of a rolling funding program associated with long-term interest rate swaps related to the interest cash flows of the rolling advances. The Company also had one FHLB advance totaling $20,000 with a maturity date of November 2024 as of December 31, 2023. The weighted average contractual rates on FHLB advances were 5.54 percent and 4.47 percent as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The weighted average effective rate for these advances, which includes adjustments for the interest rate swaps, when applicable, were 3.44 percent and 2.32 percent as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 11 for additional information on interest rate swaps hedging FHLB advances.
The Company had overnight and other short-term borrowings, including FHLB advances totaling $150,270 and $200,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included in federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings.
The FHLB advances are collateralized by FHLB stock and real estate loans, as required by the FHLB’s collateral policy. West Bank had additional borrowing capacity of approximately $528,000 at the FHLB as of December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, West Bank had arrangements that would allow it to borrow $35,000 in unsecured federal funds lines of credit at correspondent banks that are available under the correspondent banks’ normal terms. The lines have no stated expiration dates. As of December 31, 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under these arrangements. At December 31, 2023, West Bank also had approximately $2,282 of securities pledged for available borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. There were no balances outstanding at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window at December 31, 2023. West Bank had borrowing capacity of approximately $89,000 through the BTFP. The BTFP was established by the Federal Reserve in March 2023 to provide an additional source of liquidity against high-quality securities. As of December 31, 2023, West Bank had pledged approximately $89,000 in eligible securities to facilitate participation in the program and no funds were borrowed from the BTFP. The Federal Reserve has announced that it is ending the BTFP and will cease making new loans under this program on March 11, 2024.
Note 10. Long-Term Debt
In December 2021, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a commercial bank and borrowed $40,000. The borrowing was used to make a capital injection into the Company’s subsidiary, West Bank. Interest under the term note is payable quarterly over five years. Required quarterly principal payments of $1,250 began in May 2023, with the remaining balance due February 2027. The Company may make additional principal payments without penalty. The interest rate is variable at the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate minus 1.00 percent, which totaled 7.50 percent as of December 31, 2023. The Company has an interest rate swap contract that effectively converts $20,000 of the borrowings to a fixed rate of 6.40 percent. See Note 11 for additional information on the interest rate swap. In the event of default, the unaffiliated commercial bank may accelerate payment of the loan. The outstanding balance was $36,250 and $40,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The note is secured by 100 percent of West Bank’s stock.
West Bank’s special purpose subsidiary has a credit agreement for $11,486. Interest is payable monthly over the term of the agreement with an interest rate of one percent. Monthly principal payments begin in January 2026 and the agreement matures in December 2048. The outstanding balance was $11,486 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Future required principal payments for long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 are shown in the table below.
2024 $ 5,000
2025 5,000
2026 5,446
2027 21,701
2028 455
Thereafter 10,134
$ 47,736
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 11. Derivatives
The Company has entered into various interest rate swap agreements as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk exposure on certain loans, borrowings, and deposits due to interest rate movements. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps do not represent amounts exchanged by the counterparties, but rather, the notional amount is used to determine, along with other terms of the derivative, the amounts to be exchanged between the counterparties.
Interest Rate Swaps Designated as a Cash Flow Hedge: The Company had interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $445,000 and $310,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had swaps with a total notional amount of $295,000 that hedge the interest payments of rolling fixed-rate one-month funding consisting of FHLB advances or brokered deposits. Also, as of December 31, 2023, the Company had swaps with a total notional amount of $40,000 that effectively converts variable-rate long-term debt to fixed-rate debt and swaps with a total notional amount of $110,000 that hedge the interest payments of certain deposit accounts. In March 2021, the Company terminated interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $50,000. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company repaid $50,000 of FHLB advances related to these terminated swaps as a result of excess liquidity and in response to market conditions. Pre-tax losses of $3,600 were reclassified from AOCI and recorded in noninterest income at termination.
At the inception of each hedge transaction, the Company represented that the underlying principal balance would remain outstanding throughout the hedge transaction, making it probable that sufficient interest payments would exist through the maturity date of the swaps. The cash flow hedges were determined to be fully effective during the remaining terms of the swaps. Therefore, the aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in other assets or other liabilities with changes in market value recorded in OCI, net of deferred taxes. See Note 18 for additional fair value information and disclosures. The amounts included in AOCI will be reclassified to interest expense should the hedge no longer be considered effective.
Derivatives Not Designated as Accounting Hedges: To accommodate customer needs, the Company on occasion offers loan level interest rate swaps to its customers and offsets its exposure from such contracts by entering into mirror image swaps with a swap counterparty (back-to-back swap program). The interest rate swaps are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value. The Company enters into a floating-rate loan and a fixed-rate swap with our customer. Simultaneously, the Company enters into an offsetting fixed-rate swap with a swap counterparty. In connection with each swap transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the customer on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay a swap counterparty the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These transactions allow the Company’s customers to effectively convert variable-rate loans to fixed-rate loans. The customer accommodations and any offsetting swaps are treated as non-hedging derivative instruments, which do not qualify for hedge accounting.
The Company entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $100,000 in January 2021 that were not accounting hedges. These swaps were terminated in March 2021, and the resulting gains of $3,781 were recorded in noninterest income.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The table below identifies the balance sheet category and fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Cash Flow Hedges:
Gross notional amount $ 445,000 $ 310,000
Fair value in other assets 11,313 16,284
Fair value in other liabilities (988) -
Weighted-average floating rate received 5.64 % 4.53 %
Weighted-average fixed rate paid 3.04 % 2.25 %
Weighted-average maturity in years 2.6 3.3
Non-Hedging Derivatives:
Gross notional amount $ 293,400 $ 254,369
Fair value in other assets 14,114 15,309
Fair value in other liabilities (14,114) (15,309)
The following table identifies the pre-tax gains or losses recognized on the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
2023 2022 2021
Pre-tax gain recognized in other comprehensive income $ 4,291 $ 23,595 $ 8,047
Reclassification from AOCI into income:
Increase (decrease) in interest expense $ (10,249) $ 206 $ 4,684
Decrease in noninterest income, swap termination fees - - 3,600
The Company estimates there will be approximately $11,566 reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to reduce interest expense through December 31, 2024 related to cash flow hedges. The Company will continue to assess the effectiveness of hedges on a quarterly basis.
The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by interest rate swap counterparties, which is minimized by collateral-pledging provisions in the agreements. Derivative contracts with swap counterparties are executed with a Credit Support Annex, which is a bilateral ratings-sensitive agreement that requires collateral postings at established credit threshold levels. These agreements protect the interests of the Company and its counterparties should either party suffer a credit rating deterioration. As of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company pledged $0 of collateral to the counterparties in the form of cash on deposit. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s counterparties pledged $22,340 and $31,560, respectively, of collateral to the Company in the form of cash on deposit. The interest rate swap product with the borrowers is cross-collateralized with the underlying loan and therefore there is no pledged cash collateral under swap contracts with customers.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 12. Income Taxes
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions. Income tax returns for the years 2020 through 2023 remain open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. No material income tax related interest or penalties were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021.
The following table shows the components of income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
2023 2022 2021
Current:
Federal $ 3,485 $ 8,194 $ 9,789
State 1,717 3,221 3,430
Deferred:
Federal 226 971 44
State 221 612 38
Income taxes $ 5,649 $ 12,998 $ 13,301
Total income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21 percent to income before income taxes, as shown in the following table.
2023 2022 2021
Amount Percent
of Pretax
Income Amount Percent
of Pretax
Income Amount Percent
of Pretax
Income
Computed expected tax expense $ 6,255 21.0 % $ 12,473 21.0 % $ 13,211 21.0 %
State income tax expense, net of
federal income tax benefit 1,395 4.7 2,729 4.6 2,747 4.4
Tax-exempt interest income (1,445) (4.9) (1,240) (2.1) (1,091) (1.7)
Nondeductible interest expense to
own tax-exempt securities 1,057 3.5 354 0.6 141 0.2
Tax-exempt increase in cash value of
life insurance and gains (364) (1.2) (203) (0.3) (194) (0.3)
Stock compensation 5 - (320) (0.6) (195) (0.3)
Enactment of state tax reform - - 649 1.1 - -
Federal income tax credits (1,498) (5.0) (1,468) (2.5) (1,368) (2.2)
Other, net 244 0.8 24 0.1 50 0.1
Income taxes $ 5,649 18.9 % $ 12,998 21.9 % $ 13,301 21.2 %
In 2022, the Company recorded a one-time increase in state income tax expense related to the June 2022 enactment of changes in the Iowa bank franchise tax rates. This legislation reduces the Iowa bank franchise tax rate applied to apportioned income for 2023 and future years. This future reduction in the state tax rate required the Company to reduce net deferred tax assets by $671 and in turn caused a one-time increase in 2022 tax expense. The effective tax rate for 2022 was 21.9 percent. Excluding this one-time state tax expense, the effective tax rate for 2022 would have been 20.8 percent.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net deferred tax assets consisted of the following components as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
2023 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses $ 7,598 $ 6,241
Net unrealized losses on securities available for sale 30,081 34,544
Lease liabilities 837 1,147
Accrued expenses 196 434
Restricted stock unit compensation 1,185 1,038
State net operating loss carryforward 1,763 1,476
Other 177 156
41,837 45,036
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right-of-use assets 795 1,099
Deferred loan costs 258 249
Net unrealized gains on interest rate swaps 2,547 4,003
Premises and equipment 1,657 1,219
New markets tax credit loan 389 303
Other 125 78
5,771 6,951
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 36,066 38,085
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (1,763) (1,476)
Net deferred tax assets $ 34,303 $ 36,609
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $44,073 of Iowa net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future Iowa taxable income. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against the tax effect of the Iowa net operating loss carryforwards, as management believes it is more likely than not that such carryforwards will expire without being utilized. Iowa net operating loss carryforwards of $723 expired in 2023 and the remainder will expire thereafter.
Note 13. Stock Compensation Plans
The West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2021 Plan) was approved by the stockholders in April 2021. The 2021 Plan replaced the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2017 Plan). Upon approval of the 2021 Plan, the 2017 Plan was frozen and no new grants will be made under that plan. Outstanding awards under the 2017 Plan will continue pursuant to their terms and provisions. The 2021 and 2017 Plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which determines the specific individuals who will be granted awards under the 2021 Plan and the type and amount of any such awards. All employees and directors of the Company and its subsidiary are eligible to become participants in the 2021 Plan. Under the terms of the 2021 Plan, the Company may grant a total of 625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights and stock awards. As of December 31, 2023, 266,963 shares of the Company’s common stock remained available for future awards under the 2021 Plan.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Under the 2021 Plan, the Company may grant RSU awards, as determined by the Compensation Committee, that vest upon the completion of future service requirements or specified performance criteria. All RSUs granted through December 31, 2023 under the 2021 and 2017 Plans were at no cost to the participants, and the participants will not be entitled to receive or accrue dividends until the RSUs have vested. Each RSU entitles the participant to receive one share of common stock on the vesting date or upon the participant’s termination due to death or disability, or upon a change in control of the Company if the RSUs are not fully assumed or if the RSUs are assumed and the participant’s employment is thereafter terminated by the Company without cause or by the participant for good reason. If a participant terminates employment prior to the end of the continuous service period other than due to death, disability or retirement, the award is forfeited. If a participant terminates service due to retirement, the RSUs will continue to vest, subject to provisions of the 2021 and 2017 Plans. RSUs granted to employees prior to 2021 vest 20 percent per year over a five year period, and RSUs granted to directors vest after one year. Beginning in 2021, the Company has granted time-based and performance-based RSU awards. The time-based RSU awards granted to employees vest 20 percent per year over a five year period and have a one to three year post-vesting holding period, applicable to 50 percent of the shares. The time-based RSU awards granted to directors vest after one year and have a one to three year post-vesting holding period, applicable to 50 percent of the shares. The performance based RSU awards granted to employees cliff vest at the end of a three year performance period based upon the Company meeting certain performance metrics and have a one to three year post-vesting holding period applicable to 50 percent of the shares.
The following table includes a summary of nonvested RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
2023 2022 2021
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Grant Date Grant Date Grant Date
Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value
(actual amounts, not in thousands) Shares Per Share Shares Per Share Shares Per Share
Nonvested shares, beginning balance 438,237 $ 20.87 408,800 $ 20.07 390,265 $ 19.35
Granted 175,680 16.79 169,357 23.26 156,000 21.61
Vested (134,437) 20.96 (139,920) 21.38 (135,965) 19.65
Forfeited - - - - (1,500) 31.37
Nonvested shares, ending balance 479,480 $ 19.33 438,237 $ 20.87 408,800 $ 20.07
The fair value of RSU awards that vested during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $2,509, $3,889 and $3,280, respectively. Total compensation costs, including director compensation, recorded for the RSUs were $3,111, $3,357 and $2,573 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The tax expense related to vesting of RSUs totaled $5 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The tax benefit related to vesting of RSUs totaled $385 and $233 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there was $3,882 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSUs, and the weighted average period over which these remaining costs are expected to be recognized was approximately 1.2 years.
Note 14. 401(k) Retirement Plan
The Company has a defined contribution plan covering substantially all of its employees. Matching and discretionary contributions are determined annually by the Board. The Company matched 100 percent of the first six percent of employee deferrals and made an annual discretionary contribution of two percent of eligible employee compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023, and four percent of eligible employee compensation for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Total matching and discretionary contribution expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, totaled $1,207, $1,395 and $1,319, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the plan held 324,569 and 329,712 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock. These shares are included in the computation of earnings per share. Dividends on shares held in the plan may be reinvested in Company common stock or paid in cash to the participants, at the election of the participants.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Unrealized Accumulated
Unrealized Gains Other
Gains (Losses) (Losses) on Comprehensive
on Securities Derivatives Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 5,994 $ (17,840) $ (11,846)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (10,977) 6,032 (4,945)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income (38) 6,192 6,154
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (11,015) 12,224 1,209
Balance, December 31, 2021 (5,021) (5,616) (10,637)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (98,637) 17,739 (80,898)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income (22) 86 64
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (98,659) 17,825 (80,834)
Balance, December 31, 2022 (103,680) 12,209 (91,471)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 12,158 3,221 15,379
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income 289 (7,720) (7,431)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 12,447 (4,499) 7,948
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ (91,233) $ 7,710 $ (83,523)
Note 16. Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company and West Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements (as shown in the following table) can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators which, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and West Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory requirements. The Company’s and West Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Management believed the Company and West Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject as of December 31, 2023.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The Company’s and West Bank’s capital ratios are presented in the following table as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Actual For Capital Adequacy Purposes For Capital
Adequacy Purposes With Capital Conservation Buffer To Be Well-Capitalized
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
As of December 31, 2023:
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated $ 419,452 11.88 % $ 282,508 8.00 % $ 370,791 10.50 % $ 353,135 10.00 %
West Bank 450,444 12.76 % 282,307 8.00 % 370,527 10.50 % 352,883 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 328,566 9.30 % 211,881 6.00 % 300,164 8.50 % 282,508 8.00 %
West Bank 419,558 11.89 % 211,730 6.00 % 299,951 8.50 % 282,307 8.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 308,566 8.74 % 158,911 4.50 % 247,194 7.00 % 229,537 6.50 %
West Bank 419,558 11.89 % 158,797 4.50 % 247,018 7.00 % 229,374 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)
Consolidated 328,566 8.50 % 154,628 4.00 % 154,628 4.00 % 193,285 5.00 %
West Bank 419,558 10.86 % 154,571 4.00 % 154,571 4.00 % 193,213 5.00 %
As of December 31, 2022:
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated $ 408,056 12.08 % $ 270,221 8.00 % $ 354,665 10.50 % $ 337,776 10.00 %
West Bank 441,628 13.08 % 270,053 8.00 % 354,445 10.50 % 337,566 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 322,583 9.55 % 202,666 6.00 % 287,110 8.50 % 270,221 8.00 %
West Bank 416,155 12.33 % 202,540 6.00 % 286,930 8.50 % 270,053 8.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 302,583 8.96 % 151,999 4.50 % 236,443 7.00 % 219,555 6.50 %
West Bank 416,155 12.33 % 151,905 4.50 % 236,296 7.00 % 219,418 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)
Consolidated 322,583 8.81 % 146,439 4.00 % 146,439 4.00 % 183,049 5.00 %
West Bank 416,155 11.37 % 146,367 4.00 % 146,367 4.00 % 182,958 5.00 %
The Company and West Bank are subject to the rules of the Basel III regulatory capital framework and related Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The rules include the implementation of a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer that is added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes. A banking organization with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount will be subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At December 31, 2023, the capital ratios for the Company and West Bank were sufficient to meet the capital conservation buffer.
The ability of the Company to pay dividends to its stockholders is dependent upon dividends paid by its subsidiary, West Bank. There are currently no additional restrictions on such dividends other than the general restrictions imposed on all Iowa state-chartered banks by applicable law.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The Company’s tangible common equity ratio was 5.88 percent and 5.84 percent at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The tangible common equity ratio is computed by dividing total equity less preferred stock and intangible assets by total assets less intangible assets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no intangible assets or preferred stock.
Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies
Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk: The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations that it uses for on-balance sheet instruments. Commitments to lend are subject to borrowers’ continuing compliance with existing credit agreements. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023 which requires an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure. See Note 4 for additional information. The Company’s commitments consisted of the following amounts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
2023 2022
Commitments to fund real estate construction loans $ 385,846 $ 336,900
Other commitments to extend credit 641,554 727,666
Standby letters of credit 15,972 20,557
$ 1,043,372 $ 1,085,123
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract and generally expire within one year. Commitments to extend credit of approximately $174,298 at December 31, 2023, had terms expiring beyond one year. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, and residential and commercial real estate.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party and generally expire within one year. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held varies as specified above and is required in instances the Company deems necessary. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the third-party agreement, West Bank would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments West Bank could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount for letters of credit shown in the table above. If the commitment is funded, West Bank would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, no amounts have been recorded as liabilities for West Bank’s potential obligations under these guarantees.
West Bank previously executed MPF Master Commitments (Commitments) with the FHLB of Des Moines to deliver residential mortgage loans and to guarantee the payment of any realized losses that exceed the FHLB’s first loss account for mortgages delivered under the Commitments. West Bank receives credit enhancement fees from the FHLB for providing this guarantee and continuing to assist with managing the credit risk of the MPF Program residential mortgage loans. The term of the most recent Commitment was through January 16, 2015 and was not renewed. The outstanding balance of mortgage loans sold under the MPF Program was $20,159 and $23,337 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company had commitments to invest in qualified affordable housing projects totaling $1,649 and $3,431 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
West Bank entered into a construction contract for the construction of a new headquarters building in West Des Moines, Iowa in 2022. West Bank will pay the contractor a contract price consisting of the cost of work plus a fee, with anticipated construction completed in 2024. As of December 31, 2023, there was a remaining commitment of $13,019 under this contract.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Concentrations of credit risk: Substantially all of the Company’s loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company’s market areas. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 4. The distribution by type of loan of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution by type of loan of loans outstanding. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers.
Contingencies: Neither the Company nor West Bank is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to West Bank’s business. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.
Note 18. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business. The Company’s balance sheet contains securities available for sale and derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value is as follows:
Level 1 uses quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 uses observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3 uses unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of each reporting period, if applicable. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during 2023 or 2022.
The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
Securities available for sale: When available, quoted market prices are used to determine the fair value of securities (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, the Company determines fair value based on various sources and may apply matrix pricing with observable prices for similar bonds where a price for the identical bond is not observable (Level 2). The fair values of these securities are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data such as interest rate volatilities, yield curves, credit spreads, prices from market makers and live trading systems.
Management obtains the fair value of securities at the end of each reporting period via a third-party pricing service. Management reviewed the valuation process used by the third party and believed the process was valid as of December 31, 2023. On a quarterly basis, management corroborates the fair values of the portfolio by obtaining pricing from an independent financial market data provider and compares the two sets of fair values. Any significant variances are reviewed and investigated. For a sample of securities, the fair values are further validated by management, by obtaining details of the inputs used by the pricing service. Those inputs were independently tested, and management concluded the fair values were consistent with GAAP requirements and the securities were properly classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Derivative instruments: The Company’s derivative instruments consist of interest rate swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges, as well as interest rate swaps which are accounted for as non-hedging derivatives. The Company’s derivative positions are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using models generally accepted in the financial services industry and that use actively quoted or observable market input values from external market data providers and/or nonbinding broker-dealer quotations. The fair value of the derivatives are determined using discounted cash flow models. These models’ key assumptions include the contractual terms of the respective contract along with significant observable inputs, including interest rates, yield curves, nonperformance risk and volatility.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables present the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 193,005 $ - $ 193,005 $ -
Collateralized mortgage obligations 249,933 - 249,933 -
Mortgage-backed securities 131,838 - 131,838 -
Collateralized loan obligations 37,536 - 37,536 -
Corporate notes 11,607 - 11,607 -
Derivative instrument, interest rate swaps 25,427 - 25,427 -
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instrument, interest rate swaps $ 15,102 $ - $ 15,102 $ -
Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 193,355 $ - $ 193,355 $ -
Collateralized mortgage obligations 281,628 - 281,628 -
Mortgage-backed securities 140,280 - 140,280 -
Collateralized loan obligations 36,811 - 36,811 -
Corporate notes 12,041 - 12,041 -
Derivative instrument, interest rate swaps 31,593 - 31,593 -
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instrument, interest rate swaps $ 15,309 $ - $ 15,309 $ -
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). As of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no individually evaluated loans with a fair value adjustment. Individually evaluated loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are evaluated and valued at the lower of cost or fair value when the loan is individually evaluated. Fair value is based on the value of the collateral securing these loans.
In determining the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral of individually evaluated loans, the Company primarily uses third-party appraisals or broker opinions which may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration of variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of collateral underlying individually evaluated loans and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, the Company considers the fair value of individually evaluated loans to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including those that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. The following table presents the carrying amounts and approximate fair values of financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
December 31, 2023
Carrying
Amount Approximate
Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 33,245 $ 33,245 $ 33,245 $ - $ -
Interest-bearing deposits 32,112 32,112 32,112 - -
Securities available for sale 623,919 623,919 - 623,919 -
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 22,957 22,957 22,957 - -
Loans, net 2,899,193 2,813,188 - 2,813,188 -
Accrued interest receivable 13,581 13,581 13,581 - -
Interest rate swaps 25,427 25,427 - 25,427 -
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 2,973,779 $ 2,971,562 $ - $ 2,971,562 $ -
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings 150,270 150,270 150,270 - -
Subordinated notes, net 79,631 65,039 - 65,039 -
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 315,000 315,000 - 315,000 -
Long-term debt 47,736 47,736 - 47,736 -
Accrued interest payable 6,688 6,688 6,688 - -
Interest rate swaps 15,102 15,102 - 15,102 -
December 31, 2022
Carrying
Amount Approximate
Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 24,896 $ 24,896 $ 24,896 $ - $ -
Interest-bearing deposits 1,643 1,643 1,643 - -
Securities available for sale 664,115 664,115 - 664,115 -
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 19,336 19,336 19,336 - -
Loans, net 2,717,363 2,582,911 - 2,582,911 -
Accrued interest receivable 11,988 11,988 11,988 - -
Interest rate swaps 31,593 31,593 - 31,593 -
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 2,880,408 $ 2,880,495 $ - $ 2,880,495 $ -
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings 200,000 200,000 200,000 - -
Subordinated notes, net 79,369 68,047 - 68,047 -
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 155,000 155,000 - 155,000 -
Long-term debt 51,486 51,486 - 51,486 -
Accrued interest payable 3,260 3,260 3,260 - -
Interest rate swaps 15,309 15,309 - 15,309 -
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 19. West Bancorporation, Inc. (Parent Company Only) Condensed Financial Statements
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2023 and 2022
2023 2022
ASSETS
Cash $ 5,095 $ 5,811
Investment in West Bank 335,422 323,458
Investment in West Bancorporation Capital Trust I 619 619
Other assets 1,210 1,787
Total assets $ 342,346 $ 331,675
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 1,422 $ 1,194
Subordinated notes, net 79,631 79,369
Long-term debt 36,250 40,000
Total liabilities 117,303 120,563
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock - -
Common stock 3,000 3,000
Additional paid-in capital 34,197 32,021
Retained earnings 271,369 267,562
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (83,523) (91,471)
Total stockholders’ equity 225,043 211,112
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 342,346 $ 331,675
Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
2023 2022 2021
Operating income:
Equity in net income of West Bank $ 30,055 $ 50,185 $ 50,880
Equity in net income of West Bancorporation Capital Trust I 52 30 21
Total operating income 30,107 50,215 50,901
Operating expenses:
Interest on subordinated notes 4,442 2,867 1,008
Interest on long-term debt 2,695 1,565 201
Other expenses 657 576 542
Total operating expenses 7,794 5,008 1,751
Income before income taxes 22,313 45,207 49,150
Income tax benefits (1,824) (1,192) (457)
Net income $ 24,137 $ 46,399 $ 49,607
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
2023 2022 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income $ 24,137 $ 46,399 $ 49,607
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
Equity in net income of West Bank (30,055) (50,185) (50,880)
Equity in net income of West Bancorporation Capital Trust I (52) (30) (21)
Dividends received from West Bank 25,200 21,000 21,500
Dividends received from West Bancorporation Capital Trust I 52 30 21
Amortization 262 148 13
Deferred income taxes 1 (8) 1
Change in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in other assets 189 (116) (20)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities 4 440 5
Net cash provided by operating activities 19,738 17,678 20,226
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital contribution to West Bank - (58,650) (34,500)
Net cash used in investing activities - (58,650) (34,500)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt - 58,756 34,500
Principal payments on long-term debt (3,750) - (4,500)
Common stock cash dividends (16,704) (16,619) (15,543)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (20,454) 42,137 14,457
Net increase (decrease) in cash (716) 1,165 183
Cash:
Beginning 5,811 4,646 4,463
Ending $ 5,095 $ 5,811 $ 4,646
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Within the two years prior to the date of the most recent financial statements, there have been no changes in or disagreements with accountants of the Company.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s current disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control system is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting of the Company includes those policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the Company; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Because of inherent limitations in any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected, including the possibility of the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time.
Management assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework in 2013. Based on this assessment, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer assert that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the specified criteria.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, which audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 that appears in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and is incorporated into this item by reference.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information for directors and executive officers as required pursuant to Item 401 of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Proposal 1. Election of Directors” and “Governance and Board of Directors-Executive Officers of the Company” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which will be filed with the SEC on or before March 5, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Code of Ethics
We have a Code of Conduct in place that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees. The Code of Conduct sets forth the standard of ethics that we expect all of our directors, officers and employees to follow, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Code of Conduct may be viewed on the Company’s website (www.westbankstrong.com) under Investor Relations - Overview - Corporate Governance. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding any amendment to or waiver of the Code of Conduct with respect to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and persons performing similar functions, by posting such information on our website.
Stockholder Recommendations for Nominees to the Board of Directors
The information required pursuant to Item 407(c)(3) of Regulation S-K can be found under the caption “General Matters-2025 Stockholder Proposals” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which will be filed with the SEC on or before March 5, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Identification of Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Company has a standing Audit Committee that consists of Steven T. Schuler, Chair, James W. Noyce, Rosemary Parson and Therese M. Vaughan. The Board has determined that Mr. Schuler, Mr. Noyce and Dr. Vaughan are audit committee financial experts. The full Board has determined that all members of the Audit Committee are independent directors.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required pursuant to Item 402, Item 407(e)(4) and Item 407(e)(5) of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Governance and Board of Directors-Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which will be filed with the SEC on or before March 5, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Effective as of the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (2021 Plan) was adopted by the Board of Directors and approved by our stockholders. The prior 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (2017 Plan) was frozen with respect to future grants upon approval of the 2021 Plan. At the time the 2017 Plan was frozen, 196,535 shares had not been issued under the original authorization for that plan. Awards outstanding under the 2017 Plan will remain subject to the 2017 Plan as long as they remain outstanding. Under the terms of the 2021 Plan, the Company may grant a total of 625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights and stock awards. All employees and directors of the Company and its subsidiary are eligible to become participants in the 2021 Plan. Additional information regarding our equity incentive plans is presented in “Note 13. Stock Compensation Plans” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements pursuant to Item 8. The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding restricted stock units and shares available for future issuance under these plans as of December 31, 2023.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Plan Category Number of shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Number of shares remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding shares reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders (1)
479,480 - 266,963 `(2)
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders - - -
Total 479,480 - 266,963
(1)Includes the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan approved by stockholders on April 27, 2017, and the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan approved by stockholders on April 29, 2021.
(2)Reflects the number of shares available for issuance under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan as nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights and stock awards.
The information required pursuant to Item 403 of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Governance and Board of Directors-Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Executive Officers,” “Governance and Board of Directors-Other Beneficial Owners” and “Governance and Board of Directors-Changes in Control” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which will be filed with the SEC on or before March 5, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required pursuant to Item 404 and Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Governance and Board of Directors” and “General Matters-Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which will be filed with the SEC on or before March 5, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required pursuant to Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A can be found under the caption “Proposal 5. Ratify the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which will be filed with the SEC on or before March 5, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference. The PCAOB ID Number for our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is 49.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The following exhibits and financial statement schedules of the Company are filed as part of this report:
(a)1. Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements that appear in Item 8 of this Form 10-K are incorporated herein by reference.
Page
Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 49)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 56
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 57
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 58
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 59
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 60
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 61
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits (not covered by independent registered public accounting firms’ reports)
3.1 Restatement of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of West Bancorporation, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2017)
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of West Bancorporation, Inc. as of January 23, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 8-K on January 24, 2019)
4.1 Description of Capital Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4 filed with the Form 10-K on February 27, 2020)
4.2 Indenture, dated June 14, 2022, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 filed with the Form 8-K on June 14, 2022)
4.3 First Supplemental Indenture, dated June 14, 2022, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 filed with the Form 8-K on June 14, 2022)
4.4 Form of 5.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 filed with the Form 8-K on June 14, 2022)
10.1* Employment Agreement dated July 23, 2012, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and David D. Nelson (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 8-K on July 25, 2012)
10.2* Employment Agreement dated July 23, 2012, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Brad L. Winterbottom (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Form 8-K on July 25, 2012)
10.3* Employment Agreement dated July 23, 2012, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Harlee N. Olafson (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with the Form 8-K on July 25, 2012)
10.4* Transitional Employment Agreement dated May 27, 2021, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Douglas R. Gulling (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 8-K on May 27, 2021)
10.5* Employment Agreement dated April 29, 2021 between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Bradley P. Peters (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Form 8-K on April 30, 2021)
10.6* Employment Agreement dated May 27, 2021 between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Jane M. Funk (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Form 8-K on May 27, 2021)
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
10.7* West Bancorporation, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 8-K on October 29, 2012)
10.8* West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 filed with the Form 10-K on March 6, 2014)
10.9* Amendment No. 1 to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective January 1, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.10* Amendment No. 2 to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective January 1, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.11* Amendment No. 3 to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective January 1, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.12* Interim Amendment to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective April 1, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.13* West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 1, 2017)
10.14* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.15* Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.16* Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.17* Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.18* Form of Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.19* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2021)
10.20* Form of Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2021)
10.21 Amended and Restated Lease Agreement Dated February 20, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2018)
10.22* West Bancorporation Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2021)
10.23* Form of West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (with holding period) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 filed with the Form S-8 on April 30, 2021)
10.24* Form of West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (without holding period) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 filed with the Form S-8 on April 30, 2021)
10.25* Form of West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 filed with the Form S-8 on April 30, 2021)
10.26* Form of West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 filed with the Form S-8 on April 30, 2021)
10.27* Form of West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 filed with the Form S-8 on April 30, 2021)
10.28 Credit Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2021, by and between West Bancorporation, Inc. and National Exchange Bank & Trust (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 8-K on June 6, 2022)
10.29 Promissory Note, dated as of December 15, 2021, made by West Bancorporation, Inc., to and in favor of National Exchange Bank & Trust (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Form 8-K on June 6, 2022)
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
10.30 Commercial Pledge Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2021, by and between West Bancorporation, Inc. and National Exchange Bank & Trust (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with the Form 8-K on June 6, 2022)
10.31* Addendum to Transitional Employment Agreement, dated September 7, 2022, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Douglas R. Gulling (incorporated herein by reference of Exhibit 10.31 filed with the Form 10-K on February 23, 2023)
21 Subsidiaries
23 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1 West Bancorporation, Inc. Clawback Policy
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and combined in Exhibit 101)
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary