EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1662382
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1662382_10-K_2021_0001213900-21-021685.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1 - BUSINESS
The Company
We are a neurology-focused medical device and software company seeking to provide a centralized platform for data acquisition and analysis of electroencephalography (“EEG”) data that combines innovative medical device technologies with cloud-based telehealth services. The Company in this stage is primarily focused on selling easy-to-use, affordable EEG devices to improve neurological care. The next step is expected to be to establish diagnostic protocols through the use of its Products to identify pathological risk factors involving the brain, and driving novel insights into cognitive health that support early treatment of neurological disorders.
We believe our approach is unique in utilizing medical, consumer and hybrid technologies to create the value chain to ultimate health:
● linking analysis to business/health outcomes through benefits mapping;
● investing in advanced analytics, starting with the assumption that advanced information will result in predictive analytics for the integral body;
● validating the organization’s maturity against multiple complementary models;
● ensuring there is sufficient trust in the data and analysis to change pre-existing beliefs; and
● balancing analytic insight with the ability of an organization to make and optimally utilize the information (coupling man + machine learning) while prioritizing incremental improvements over integral body transformation.
The Company is initially targeting brain data acquisition via the EEG medical market because it offers high revenue potential due to the established healthy base of customer users with a broad demographic profile. Our technology solution combines a miniature, wireless, clinical device capable of recording electroencephalograms (EEG) that is fast, portable, and easy-to-use with the capability to integrate an interpretive cloud-based platform allowing for rapid and remote interpretation. The NeuroEEG™ Hardware Platform for data collection and NeuroCap™ Software-like Consumables for data collection is expected to enjoy healthy margins and a business-to-business (B2B) direct market opportunity with hospitals, neurologist, general practitioners as well as the various tele health and tele neurology companies.
This brain monitoring system is designed for use in physicians’ offices, sports fields, wellness centers and anywhere else that benefits from rapid EEG testing.
Recent Events
COVID-19 Pandemic
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are promoting the use of sanitary medical practice with the NeuroCap, which we believe promotes the use of good, sanitary medical practice and can help flatten the COVID-19 curve.
A recent report from three COVID-19-designated hospitals in Wuhan, China indicated that more than one-third of coronavirus patients had some type of neurologic symptom, including altered consciousness, evidence of skeletal muscle damage, and acute cerebrovascular disease. Early data implies that COVID-19, like prior coronavirus breakouts MERS and SARS, is demonstrating a neurologic component in severe cases.
As hospitals and other first responders to the pandemic around the world increase their purchases of supplies to fight the virus, and the U.S. government has passed a $2 trillion aid package to prop up the country’s economy and assist in fighting the virus, we are working to position our NeuroCap as a safe and effective diagnostic tool to help against the COVID-19 virus.
Information in this Annual Report under “Industry Overview” below and related disclosure is based on available information from prior to the pandemic. We have not yet been able to evaluate how the pandemic has or may continue to affect our business and operations, including the potential markets for our Products.
History
We were initially organized on November 18, 2013 as a Nevada limited liability company under the name Global Energy Express LLC by the filing of articles of organization with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada. On December 18, 2015, the Company converted from a Nevada limited liability company under the name Global Energy Express LLC to a Nevada corporation under the name All Soft Gels Inc. by the filing of articles of conversion and articles of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada. On September 18, 2018, the Company changed its name from All Soft Gels Inc. to Brain Scientific Inc. and changed its ticker symbol on the OTCQB Market to “BRSF”.
On September 21, 2018, we entered into a merger agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with MemoryMD, Inc. and AFGG Acquisition Corp. to acquire MemoryMD, Inc. (the “Acquisition”). The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were consummated on September 21, 2018 and, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, all outstanding shares of MemoryMD were exchanged for shares of our common stock. Accordingly, we acquired 100% of Memory MD, Inc. in exchange for the issuance of shares of our common stock and MemoryMD, Inc. became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Furthermore, the Company at such time ceased all operations and assigned all of its assets and liabilities from prior to the Acquisition, and assumed and commenced the business of MemoryMD as the sole business of the Company.
Our principal executive office is located at 125 Wilbur Place, Suite 170 Bohemia New York 11716, and our telephone number is (917) 388-1578. Our website address is www.brainscientific.com. The information on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Introduction to Data Acquisition using Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electroencephalography, or EEG, is a method to identify and evaluate the electrical activity of the brain. The ability to do this dates back to the mid-to-late 19th century when scientists began to study the brain activity of various animals such as rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. The 1920’s saw the first example of these involving humans, when in 1924 German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger recorded the first human EEG.
One of the first discoveries was the EEG’s ability to identify the potential for epileptic seizures. As science and scientists began to understand the workings of the EEG, they could identify more beneficial applications of the technology working in combination with other tests. These include:
● Testing brain activity after a stroke
● Dementia, including Alzheimer’s Disease
● Depression
● Migraine
● Traumatic Head Injury (sports and non-sports related)
● Sleep Disorders (e.g. Insomnia, Restless Leg Syndrome, Narcolepsy)
● Epilepsy
The EEG may also be used to determine the electrical activity of the brain of an individual involved in a trauma, addiction, as well as the brain activity of comatose individuals.	
It is here in the advancement of technology where we believe our products and technology will play a key role in the use and development of EEG related activities.
Product and Services Pipeline
Our data acquisition platform is composed of three main parts:
1. Hardware - NeuroEEG™ and NeuroCap™, our two products on the market.
2. Software - professional software for registering and analyzing EEG data
3. MemoryMD Cloud - The database where brain data can be stored and analyzed.
NeuroEEG
NeuroEEG™ is an FDA cleared 16-channel, portable, clinical-grade device, intended for prescription use to acquire, record, transmit, and display electrical brain activity for patients of all ages.
NeuroEEG™ is a portable, versatile and compact miniature device that can easily be deployed across any number of different patient settings. Easy setup on NeuroEEG™ lets clinical staff of any level set up and run the EEG test under the supervision of physician. This wireless system digitizes and records electrophysiological activity at 500Hz, and is further supported by advanced artifact filtering allowing for the cleanest signal possible. We believe the intuitive nature of the device democratizes EEG as a viable diagnostic tool that can be implemented across environments that were formerly inaccessible by traditional EEG solutions. NeuroEEG™ is designed for use in hospitals, private practices, mobile (ambulatory care & emergency medical service vehicles), field applications (clinical trials), and athletic environments.
NeuroEEG™ is non-invasive and is intended to acquire, display and store the electrical activity of a patient’s brain on a computer (PC or laptop). The generated data serves as a clinical assessment aid within a clinical practice, rehabilitation institution, diagnostic center, neurosurgical clinics, operating room, intensive care unit, and emergency room environments. Data acquired by NeuroEEG™ is to be interpreted under the direction of a licensed medical professional. This device does not provide any diagnostic conclusion about a subject’s condition. The NeuroEEG is designed to be used with our NeuroCap.
The Company commenced delivery of its first purchase order of this product in the fourth quarter of 2018.
NeuroCap
The NeuroCap™ is an FDA cleared disposable, soft layered cap with an integrated electrode circuit that is designed to address existing problems of conventional EEG systems. The silver embedded wiring is pre-gelled, so it requires no prepping of the skin before application. NeuroCap™ makes it possible for medical staff of all levels to perform EEG tests, without having to laboriously apply electrodes one-by-one or spend considerable time cleaning an EEG headset after each use.
The NeuroCap™ works in parallel with the NeuroEEG™ amplifier device to successfully carry out EEG tests. However, the NeuroCap™ can work also with other EEG devices and not just our NeuroEEG. NeuroCap’s electrode placement follow standard alignment pursuant to the international 10-20 system. The acquisition of electrical brain activity is carried out by non-invasive pre-gelled passive Ag/AgCl scalp (cutaneous) electrodes, ensuring maximum comfortability for the wearer. Other characteristics include:
● The NeuroCap™ has 22 electrodes and 19 active EEG channels for performing high-quality routine EEG tests.
● Because it is disposable, it helps reduce the risk of contagions and cross-contamination.
● The pre-gelled electrodes reduce patient discomfort and concern over messy gels.
● It’s malleable structure and adjustable velcro straps allows full adjustability during placement in patients with head injuries.
● The easy to follow numbered straps makes application easy by healthcare workers of all skill levels with set up accomplished in approximately 5 minutes.
● User-friendly and requires minimal training.
● It is designed to stay on a patient’s head for up to 4 hours.
● NeuroCap™ is reimbursable under most insurance policies.
● NeuroCap™ can be used when no techs are available, which can limit exposure time with COVID patients.
We received our first purchaser order for the NeuroCap from a distributor of medical supplies for testing purposes and commenced shipping product in the fourth quarter of 2018 to several hospitals and other customers.
MemoryMD Cloud
Our MemoryMD Cloud infrastructure is being designed to provide for a robust platform to store and manage all forms of data that may be received from internal and external entities such as EHRs/EMRs, IOT devices and 3rd party apps, clinical applications and other forms of patient data. The MemoryMD Cloud is also being designed to provide for streamlined connectivity, allowing secure access to patient data for purposes of evaluation and reporting by outside clinical specialists, such as a neurologists.
The Company is also developing a HIPAA-compliant data storage and patient management cloud infrastructure to provide teleneurology services. The infrastructure is being designed so neurologists will be able to remotely access patient EEG and clinical data to evaluate patient conditions. We believe that such an infrastructure removes the need for direct contact with the patient, opening up underserved geographic locations with an undersupply of physicians to meet growing demand for neurological care as aging patient populations continues to grow.
Data is acquired via the 22 channel NeuroCap™ and would be wirelessly transmitted to the cloud, via the NeuroEEG™, as batch data (fully transferred before being consumed) or in real-time (data is consumed as it is being produced).
Data can then be consumed by a doctor or specialist who can recover the data, replay, and provide feedback, such as a report, on the selected patient data. This infrastructure is configurable to match unique workflows of healthcare operators.
As designed, the MemoryMD™ cloud would then be able to cross-reference multiple points-of-data:
● Medical Images
● Lab Results
● Genetic testing
● Behavior data
● Sensor data
● Electronic Health Records
● 3rd party applications
We expect to have a fully working model of the MemoryMD Cloud by the end of 2022, subject to the availability of funds.
Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure
Our infrastructure is also being designed to gather and mine brain-imaging data. Clinicians and researchers would be able to access data profiles of their patients and generate risk assessment and treatment plans to address neurological conditions. This data could also be useful in establishing correlations between a myriad of brain scans, allowing us to further understand connections about the brain that have not been discovered.
Artificial intelligence infrastructure in the Company cloud refers to all modules used to perform automatic analysis of patient data. This infrastructure can receive inputs from many different sources such as medical databases, normative data sets, and other patient health information. By using machine-learning algorithms, the system is being designed to improve accuracy, providing for more advanced diagnostics as additional brain images are acquired.
The infrastructure is being designed to combine neural networks with a state-of-the-art tree search and pattern classification systems to build robust neurological health profiles of patient brain scans. These models are expected to be self-learning, so the more data supplied to it, the more “educated” it is expected to be.
We believe we will achieve better patient outcomes at a reduced cost through robust modelling and correlational analysis of brain imaging and other biometric data. Significant patterns recognized by the system are designed to help medical professionals detect nuances in an individual brain, allowing them to tailor more personalized treatment plans for their patients. The MemoryMD™ cloud is being designed to handle millions of brain images to create robust models that correlate health records, behaviors, and other neurological factors.
Intellectual Property
Protection of our intellectual property is a strategic priority for our business. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets as well as nondisclosure and assignment of invention agreements, confidentiality agreements and other measures to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights.
Patents and trademarks are significant to our business to the extent that a Product or an attribute of a Product represents a unique design or process. Patent protection restricts competitors from duplicating unique designs and features. To protect our proprietary secrets and competitive technologies, we have obtained and are seeking to further obtain patent, trade secret, trademark and other intellectual property protection on our Products whenever appropriate. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company has applied for one U.S. nonprovisional patent titled “Apparatus And Method For Conducting Electroencephalography” (Application No.: 15/898,611), one Chinese patent titled “Apparatus and Method for Conducting Electroencephalography” (Application No.: 201880002338.7), and one European patent titled “Apparatus And Method For Conducting Electroencephalography” (Application No.: 18757492.6), all of which relate to our NeuroCap, are pending and would expire in 2037; one provisional U.S. patent application titled “Full Head Apparatus and Electrodes for Conducting Electroencephalography” (Application No.: 63/115,810) in the name of Brain Scientific, Inc.; and one provisional U.S. patent application titled “Integrated Brain Machine Interface Platform with Graphene Based Electrodes” (Application No.: 63/070,749) in the name of Memory MD, Inc.
We also own two registered trademarks (Neuro EEG and NeuroCap) and have pending applications for two additional trademark registrations (Brain Scientific and Memory MD).
In May 2018, we entered into a Patent Assignment and License Back Agreement with Boris Goldstein, our Chairman, Secretary and Executive Vice President, Dmitriy Prilutskiy, Stanislav Zabodaev and Medical Computer Systems Ltd. Pursuant to the agreement, among other things, Messrs. Goldstein, Prilutskiy and Zabodaev assigned all of their rights to a patent entitled “Apparatus And Method For Conducting Electroencephalography” (Application No.: 15/898,611), to our Company, and in return, we granted to Medical Computer Systems Ltd., an unaffiliated entity who also provides manufacturing services to us, a limited, royalty-free, fully paid-up, worldwide, nonexclusive license (without the right to sublicense or assign), to the patent, to practice, make and use the inventions, ideas and information embodied therein, and to make, use, offer to sell, sell, lease or import products, services, processes, methods and materials embodying or deriving from the inventions, ideas and information from the patent and any activities derived directly therefrom; provided, however, that if and upon FDA approval of a Product, Medical Computer Systems’ aforementioned rights shall be limited to manufacturing and sales solely to our Company or on our behalf provided that we purchase from Medical Computer Systems (and Medical Computer Systems makes available for sale) a minimum of 20,000 units of Products per calendar year on reasonable terms and conditions to be determined by the parties in good faith; provided further, however, that Medical Computer Systems can without any limitation sell products embodying or deriving from the inventions, ideas and information from the patent in (i) the territories that made up the former USSR (excluding the Baltic countries) and (ii) Japan. In furtherance of the foregoing first proviso, in the event we fail to purchase the annual minimum order for a particular calendar year, Medical Computer Systems’ limitation to manufacture and sell Products only to our Company pursuant to this proviso shall be suspended for the next calendar year.
Industry Overview
The Company competes within the domestic and global medical device industry, referred to as the “MedTech” industry, which industry, on a global scale, is expected to reach an estimated $432.6 billion by 2025, and it is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 4.1% from 2020 to 2025.
The MedTech industry is characterized by rapid change resulting from technological advances and scientific discoveries. We believe that U.S. medical device companies are highly regarded on a global scale for their innovations and high-technology products, which innovations and products are produced due to a significant investment in research and development. U.S. sales are expected to grow from about $164 billion in 2018 to $208 billion in 2023, according to Fitch.
The global brain monitoring market is expected to reach $11.6 billion by 2024 from $8.7 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period. We believe the increasing incidence and prevalence of neurological disorders, rising awareness about neurodegenerative disorders, growing incidence of traumatic brain injuries, and the increasing applications of brain monitoring in clinical trials are driving the growth of this market. In addition, of this global market, the traumatic brain injury diagnostic market size was estimated at approximately $38 million and it is expected to reach approximately $166 million by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of 23.6%.
Traumatic brain injury holds the largest share of the brain monitoring market, by disease type. Some of the major factors responsible for the large share of this market include the growing incidence of TBIs across the globe, leading to the high demand for the management of these cases-which we believe requires the intensive use of brain monitoring devices.
We believe the hospitals segment has accounted for the largest share of the brain monitoring market in 2019. Brain monitoring is a complex process, requiring expensive and advanced devices and equipment that are mainly found only in hospitals. Hospitals also see a considerably larger inflow of patients as compared to small clinics and other end users. Additionally, brain monitoring devices pose a considerable burden in terms of maintenance expenses on healthcare facilities; we believe that in general hospitals, more than other end users, are able to bear such costs. Hence, brain monitoring devices are mostly used in hospitals, which consequently account for the largest market share.
U.S. Healthcare Market
The National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) are the official estimates of total health care spending in the United States. U.S. health care spending grew 4.6 percent in 2019, reaching $3.8 trillion or $11,582 per person. As a share of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product, health spending accounted for 17.7%.
Digital health innovations are driving growth and opportunity in three major verticals of healthcare:
● Remote Patient Monitoring. Devices and applications that allow care providers to keep tabs on chronically ill, recently released, and overall “high-risk” patients (also referred to as remote patient management, or RPM). Wearable patches that diagnose heart conditions, sensors that monitor asthma medication intake, and glucose monitors that send diabetics’ data straight to their smartphones are just a few examples.
● Telehealth. Doctor access and advice, from outside the confines of an office visit. It could be mental health counselling from across the country, diagnosis and prescription writing in pediatrics without taking a sick child to the office, alternatives to primary care physician visits, and other, similar events.
● Behavior Modification. Platforms that help patients change their habits and adopt healthier lifestyles, with the primary aim of preventing illness and a clinically validated methodology of doing so. That includes smoking cessation tools and diabetes prevention through digital weight loss and coaching, among other technologies.
Athletic Performance Market
Athletic performance encompasses the treatment and prevention of injuries related to athletics and exercise.
The growth of this market can be attributed to increased participation in athletic activities, thus leading to an increased risk of injuries. Also, government support for participation in athletics to combat high obesity rates is expected to boost participation in athletics.
Our business plan includes positioning our products and services as a go-to choice in diagnostic tools for brain-related sports injuries. The EEG with cortical brain maps is highly capable of identifying post-concussion syndrome. Concussions and traumatic brain injuries caused by contact sports are a growing widespread issue among athletes. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that 1.6 million to 3.8 million concussions occur each year, although these estimates may be recently reduced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic shut-downs.
If left undetected, concussions can lead to long-term brain damage and may even be fatal. Without professional doctors to survey the true damage of the head impact, athletes often ignore head impacts and later suffer from the consequences. Since an estimated 90% of diagnosed concussions do not include a loss of consciousness, many head impact injuries are dismissed. To prevent these outcomes, it is critical that coaches and players are aware of the dangers of contact sports and are able to conduct a proper concussion evaluation. The growing number of sports related brain injuries suggests that there is an unmet demand for a quick assessment and delivery of brain damage, which we believe our products and services can provide.
Government Initiatives - Pre COVID 19 Pandemic
Although the Covid-19 pandemic has abruptly changed the world, which we hope is temporary, prior to the outbreak, there was a surge of regional tensions and national security threats and many countries, including the United States, were increasing defense budgets. Also, prior to the pandemic, we expected that stable growth in global GDP, lower commodity prices, and an increase in travel demand could lead to more defense spending as well as investing in next generation military equipment and technology to combat terrorism and cyber-threats. While many of those expectations and paradigms have now changed, we expect that they will return as the pandemic is contained and the world economy rebounds.
The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency supports the Brain Initiative, which is a program designed to revolutionize the understanding of the human brain to find new ways to treat, cure, and prevent brain disorders. We believe our product and service offerings can be an asset in providing millions of brain scans that allow for research and analysis. In addition to the Brain Initiative and other Government sponsored research and grants, our scalable, easy to use EEG can serve the military and can be deployed in the field for either proactive brain monitoring or reactive emergency response.
Education Enhancement
Global education and training expenditures are estimated to reach approximately $10 trillion by 2030 as population growth and technology in developing markets is expected to fuel a massive expansion in education, and training.
The growth in the market is due to an increase in the attendance of students, the promotion of online learning, a rise in tuition costs, an escalation of graduation rates, and an expansion of scientific research. Parents are willing to spend on education for their children and government-initiated awareness programs promote the importance of education. The US is one of the most efficient, and therefore desired, destinations for educational purposes. In the United States, higher growth opportunity and better career prospects reinforce the need for education and research.
Since analysis of EEGs are useful in recognizing cognitive differences, the brain scans of the up-to 50 million potential customers in this space can be a stepping stone for further research. Furthermore, the cognitive measurements of EEGs are useful in assessing the effectiveness of an educational program. Conclusions drawn from the analysis can then be further applied in the classroom in the future. The goal of selling to the education market is to have the opportunity to measure baseline EEGs of students. The baseline EEGs can serve in multiple studies, including those that evaluate the best methods of teaching and learning in the classroom. Some additional uses of EEGs within the education market include research and analysis into the brain images of students with learning disabilities. 
Clinical Trials
The global healthcare contract research organization market size is expected to reach approximately $62.1 billion by 2027, registering a CAGR of 6.6% over the same period, primarily resulting from the increasing cost of drug development. Rising cost of clinical trials and challenges pertaining to patient recruitment have led biopharmaceutical companies to turn to regions like Central and Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East for cost savings and quick patient recruitment.
Clinical trials assess the safety and efficacy of a new drug, therapy, surgical procedure, medical device, or other intervention and are essential tools in conducting research. When used in clinical trials, we expect our products and services will give a fast and accurate analysis that may speed the clinical trial process. Moreover, clinical imaging is the technique and process of capturing images of the human body for clinical purposes to reveal, diagnose or examine diseases. Our EEG is a clinical imaging tool that can acquire millions of clinical images stored on a cloud infrastructure. A vast number of clinical images can assist in revealing, diagnosing, and examining neurological conditions.
The Global Telemedicine Market/Industry
In addition to the MedTech industry, we are also seeking to participate within the rapidly expanding global telemedicine industry/market. This industry focuses on the delivery of healthcare services, consultations and advice to patients wherever they are through the means of technology, software mediated video and data portals. We believe that there is and will continue to be significant demand for such services given the need to match physicians with patients in remote areas or without having patients travel long distances to access the care they need. We also believe that there is a major need within this industry to also provide point of care diagnostic, which we are seeking to develop as a niche, especially within neurology.
The global telemedicine market was estimated at USD 55.9 billion in 2020 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.4% from 2021 to 2028.
Telemedicine has been extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic as it aids in decreasing contact with healthcare facilities, healthcare staff, and patients, in order to minimalize the risk of COVID-19.
According to a report published by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the implementation of telehealth or telemedicine solutions improves care delivery to patients.
Factor such as, rising emergency medical incidents and ageing world population are anticipated to drive such growth. North America is anticipated to account for a significant portion of market share, and the U.S. is expected to be the largest telemedicine market in North America over this period. The Europe telemedicine market is also expected to grow substantially, due to factors such as rising cost of healthcare and rising prevalence of chronic diseases, while Asia-Pacific is projected to record the fastest growth over such period.
Market Dynamics
Driver: Growing incidence of traumatic brain injuries
A traumatic brain injury (“TBI”) is non-degenerative, non-congenital damage to the brain from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairment. TBI is a major public health concern, and the most common cause of death and disability in developed as well as developing countries.
According to the CDC, TBI is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, responsible for approximately 2.8 million accidents and emergency department visits annually in the U.S. and approximately 1 million in the UK. It is one of the most common causes of mortality in people aged under 25, and its incidence is high in adults and very young children, as well. However, the rate of TBI-related hospitalizations and deaths is the highest in the elderly. According to Headway, in 2016-2017, there were 348,453 hospital admissions related to brain injuries in the UK.
TBI, if ignored, can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Close monitoring and immediate therapy for related abnormalities are crucial to reducing the rate of mortality or morbidity associated with TBIs. As intercranial pressure monitoring (ICP) is the most common cause of death in patients with severe TBI, ICP monitoring is considered as the standard of care. The growing incidence of TBIs is, therefore, likely to support market growth.
Opportunity: Increasing Expanding therapeutic applications of brain monitoring devices
Apart from applications in neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders, brain monitoring devices are also used in other therapeutic areas like insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep apnea. Quantitative EEG analysis is widely used to investigate the neurophysiological characteristics of insomnia. EEG biofeedback is a training process that has been scientifically proven to aid in the management of PTSD.
A number of research studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of neurofeedback for PTSD in adults. For instance, a research study published by the NCBI in 2016 demonstrated that 24 sessions of neurofeedback significantly reduced PTSD symptoms in adult sample populations. Similar studies are also being conducted in children. Such positive research outcomes suggest that neurofeedback is a promising approach in the treatment of PTSD. This is especially important because existing treatments can be quite difficult to tolerate and have limited effectiveness for many individuals with PTSD. In addition, EEG is routinely used to measure and record brain wave activity for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea. These extended applications of brain monitoring devices are expected to provide growth opportunities for players operating in this market.
Challenge: Shortage of trained professionals
Trained medical personnel are required to effectively operate devices involved in the complex process of brain monitoring. The positioning of electrodes on the scalp and the insertion of muscular needles require accuracy and can be performed only by highly trained personnel. In addition, the results generated by brain monitoring machines are complex and can only be interpreted by qualified technicians or skilled professionals. Without these fundamental skills, end users will face difficulties in maximizing the utility of their brain monitoring equipment. The presence of highly skilled medical personnel and staff is, therefore, vital for the effective use of brain monitoring equipment.
Currently, there is a shortage of skilled medical personnel in both developed and developing countries. It has been estimated that the United States will see a shortage of up to nearly 122,000 physicians by 2032 as demand for physicians continues to grow faster than supply, Furthermore, according to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, there is a projected shortage of registered nurses in the US, and it is expected to intensify by 2030. Moreover, the shortage of trained and experienced neurodiagnostic technologists globally has compelled hospitals to cross-train other allied health professionals to perform neurodiagnostic examinations. This presents a key challenge for the growth of the global brain monitoring devices market.
We believe the market remains fragmented as many medical practices rely on dated technology and complicated brain monitoring solutions. We also believe that the overpricing and technological barriers currently existing in the market make our innovative EEG platform truly disruptive by being both user friendly and cost effective.
Competition
Our Products face a mixture of competitors ranging from large manufacturers with multiple business lines to small manufacturers offering a limited selection of products and services. Many of the competitors whom we directly compete with include companies who develop or intend to develop medical EEG products with FDA clearance to support clinical diagnosis of brain disorders. Our indirect competitors offer similar products and services, but target audiences in the clinical research and consumer solutions markets, as opposed to the medical solution market the Company targets. These indirect competitors are largely focused on the development of EEG products for research, consumer, and athletic application.
Major shifts in industry market share have occurred in connection with product problems, physician advisories, safety alerts, and publications about MedTech products, reflecting the importance of product quality, product efficacy, and quality systems in the medical device industry. In addition, in the current environment of managed care, economically motivated customers, consolidation among health care providers, increased competition, and declining reimbursement rates, the Company anticipates an increasing need to compete on the basis of price and quality. In order to continue to compete effectively, we must continue to create or acquire advanced technology, incorporate this technology into our current and future proprietary Products, obtain regulatory approvals in a timely manner, maintain high-quality manufacturing processes, and successfully market these Products. Some of these initiatives include, but are not limited to, creating integrated cloud solutions that connect specialists with generalists for simple data transfer and analysis, streamlining clinical diagnoses with new medical devices, and opening up revenue streams from secondary healthcare markets, such as primary care medical professionals who utilize EEG analyses in their practices.
The medical device companies who we deem as competitors include the following, along with a description of their business based on publicly available information:
● Cadwell - Cadwell is an international medical device company that specializes in the manufacturing of neurodiagnostic and electrodiagnostic medical equipment and supplies.
● Natus - Natus Neuro is a global market leader that provides diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical solutions built on a strong heritage in neurodiagnostics, neurocritical care and neurosurgery. Natus Neuro delivers clinician-led products that improve outcomes and enhance care for neuro patients through leading-edge equipment, service, education and supplies. Natus Neuro’s comprehensive neurodiagnostic solutions enhance the diagnosis of neurological conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders and neuromuscular diseases.
● Nihon Kohden - Nihon Kohden Corporation is a Tokyo-based leading manufacturer, developer and distributor of medical electronic equipment, which include EEGs, EMG measuring systems, ECGs, patient monitors and clinical information systems, with subsidiaries in the U.S., Europe and Asia
● BioSerenity - BioSerenity is an innovative medical technology company focused on Healthcare as a Service, IoMT, A.I. and real-world evidence in Neurology, Sleep Medicine, and Cardiology. BioSerenity provides remote diagnostic solutions to healthcare providers and patients in the US, Europe and Caribbean.
● Ceribell - Ceribell, Inc. is headquartered in Mountain View, CA. Ceribell is focused on making EEG widely available, more efficient, and more cost-effective to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients at risk for seizures.
● Zeto - Zeto, Inc., is a privately held medical technology company located in Santa Clara, CA focused on transforming the way electroencephalography (EEG) is performed at hospitals and clinics. Zeto’s revolutionary platform brings the traditional EEG procedure to the 21st century. The company plans to leverage its hardware and software technology to improve noninvasive monitoring of brain’s electrical activity and achieve better outcomes for neurological conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, autism, stroke and concussion.
● Advanced Brain Monitoring - A California-based private company specializing in developing neurological medical devices. The company specializes in two specific areas: neurotechnology and sleep medicine. Advanced Brain Monitoring primarily is a medical device and software company that sells its products to clinical trials and pharmaceutical companies, ignoring several profitable and addressable markets.
● Elmiko Medical - A Warsaw-based private company specializing in designing and developing medical electronics and IT solutions. Elmiko primarily sells their products and services to scientific institutes, medical universities, hospitals, and private clinics across the world.
● Contec - A China-based private medical device company focusing on research, manufacturing, and distribution of medical instrument since 1996. Contec currently has over 20 products in its portfolio focusing on the medical-technology industry ranging from stethoscopes to EEGs.
● EGI (Electrical Geodesics, Inc) - An Oregon-based medical-device company founded in 1992, EGI specializes in making dense array EEG (dEEG) for research laboratories.
● Masimo Corporation - A California-based public (NASDAQ: MASI) medical technology company that develops and manufactures innovative noninvasive patient monitoring technologies, including medical devices and a wide array of sensors. Masimo has a wide array of products, ranging from pulse oximetry to EEGs. The company serves mainly the sleep study, clinical trial, and athletic performance markets.
● NeuroSky, Inc - A health and wellness tracking and analysis company that are advancing health solutions through consumer wearables and mobile devices, including biosensor technologies.
● Oculogica, Inc - A private company looking to better learn and treat concussions, having developed an eye tracking technology that works to detect concussions, the severity of the concussion, and the treatment for the concussion.
● Picofemto LLC - A healthcare company focusing on assisting clinicians and research professionals with a web platform that analyzes raw primary medical data at the point of evaluation. They have developed a cloud-based service called Cliniscan, which allows the clinician and researcher to work in the cloud with a wide range of biomedical modalities.
● Satoris, Inc - A molecular diagnostics company, engages in the development and commercialization of neurodiagnostic tests for Alzheimer’s disease. Satoris plans to have their product manage and treat neurodegenerative diseases through diagnostic tests. These tests are developed through data of molecular biology and bioinformatics.
● CAS Medical Systems, Inc - A developer of innovative, non-invasive vital signs monitoring technologies and products that deliver patient data.
● Emotiv Systems, Inc. - A bioinformatics company advancing understanding of the human brain using EEG. Their technology aims to track cognitive performance, monitor emotions, and control both virtual and physical objects via machine learning of trained mental commands.
● Atlas Wearables, Inc. - A data analytics company and the developer of a fitness monitor designed to improve indoor and outdoor training. Their goal is to use the combination of data acquired from the lab along with each unique set of data from the customer, to provide clear and current knowledge based on data results.
● BaziFIT - A modular sensor system that works to monitor the neuromuscular efficiency, strength, stability, and calories burned during the customer’s workout. Their physical technology is an attachment that goes on various workout equipment that helps the customer get exercise content and quantifiable feedback on every workout instantly. Their app uses the data collected by their attachment to assess the customer’s progress and health and suggests various workouts for the customer to do to optimize the progress of their health.
● MAD Apparel Inc. - The developer of the product Athos, a performance apparel that monitors biosignals and distills them into meaningful information to improve the level of exercise the customer is performing. The technology receives data in real time and shows the customer their stats so they can alter or continue the workout.
● Mechio Inc. - A developer of wearable fitness technology to monitor the health, fitness, and sleep of the customer.
● Sarvint Technologies, Inc. - An Atlanta-based wearables technology company born from smart-garment technology research at Georgia Tech. The research led to the development of their Smart Shirt, a garment that uses special fibers to detect and monitor body vital signs. It then sends these signals to a program that can be downloaded onto smart phones to easily monitor the information collected.
● Sensifree Inc. - A company developing technology to solve the shortcomings of optical sensors. Their RF based sensor technology monitors heart rate from different parts of the human body.
● Sensoria Inc. - A developer of wearable fitness technology that collects fitness data and connects with a real time virtual coach that gives performance and running form feedback.
● CorTechs Labs - A developer of medical device software solutions capable of automatically segmenting and quantifying brain structures, making quantitative analysis of MRI images of the human brain a routine part of clinical practice.
The major U.S. medical device companies who we deem as competitors also include Baxter, Beckman Coulter, Becton Dickinson, Boston Scientific, GE Healthcare Technologies, Johnson & Johnson, St. Jude, Stryker Corporation, and Medtronic. Many of the companies against which we may compete in the future have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing approved products than we do. Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and diagnostic industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors. Smaller or early stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel and establishing clinical trial sites and subject registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our development.
We intend to compete based on our belief in the superiority of our products and services in functionality, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, ease of use and accuracy.
Because our business plan contemplates servicing the neurotech industry across multiple platforms including hardware, software, service and cloud computing, and our existing and proposed product and service platforms are in a growing industry, we believe we are in a position to take a leadership position within the sector due to our:
● Strong Portfolio of Intellectual Property. Our diverse intellectual property portfolio includes a series of patents and FDA approvals, ranging from hardware to firmware applications.
● Diverse Commercial Application Opportunities. From smart wearable devices that monitor cognitive and behavioral health in real-time, to enhanced Brain Computer Interface (“BCI”) capabilities within the connected home and car environments, our EEG technologies span a range of novel applications and commercial uses, including:
○ Global Brain Monitoring Market
○ U.S. Healthcare Market
○ Athletic Performance
○ Government Initiatives
○ Education Enhancement
○ Clinical Trials
● Scalable Integration. We believe that we offer the highest level of integration and flexibility while providing an optimal combination of convenience and performance. This is achieved through the modular design and build of our products, allowing seamless integration of hardware and software components into existing platforms. We are also seeking to engage with strategic partners to augment the next generation of health wearables and technologies, and forge relationships with companies and individuals seeking to implement EEG solutions across a multitude of segments.
● Experienced Leadership Team. The MemoryMD™ team has over 30 years of combined experience in sectors spanning across artificial intelligence, data mining, software development, commercialization, EEG imaging, and biotechnology. With a firm background in medical grade EEG applications, our team has a qualified perspective on electrode quality and brain wave interpretation.
● Centralized Cloud Data Collection. Neuro-net algorithms and other mathematical models based on EEG interpretation mine for unique brain patterns on a global scale. These patterns are continuously trained and visualized to provide reliable health data and insights that consumers, developers, and companies can leverage across the entire MemoryMD™ platform.
Market Application
For neurologists and other health providers, we aim to provide a solution for monitoring patient health and safety across a variety of locations including the hospital, specialized clinics, and home settings. In managing patients with epilepsy, providers can improve in areas concerning patient re-admittance, patient mortality and morbidity. Providers can also proactivity prevent the onset of negative chronic health conditions by engaging with at-risk populations at a fraction of the cost by implementing our affordable EEG solutions.
For health providers, our offering of an EEG monitoring solution could ease data collection efforts. By providing an accurate and consistent stream of EEG data, our products and services are being designed to allow physicians and other health professionals to make use of newly available bio-metric data to improve diagnosis, treatment and management of various neurological illnesses, effectively increasing the quality and value add of medical services.
Our portability and integration potential augment the existing suite of remote monitoring solutions, allowing physicians to more accurately differentiate between nuanced neurological conditions happening within and outside the hospital setting. An example includes helping neurologist’s contrast nocturnal epilepsy patterns across other sleep disorders such as parasomnias where individuals engage in abnormal movements during sleep.
Furthermore, we believe a range of medical based applications can be created in conjunction with our EEG solutions around managing patient behavior, offering incentives and parameters for individuals. By understanding what is going on with their brain and being alerted when discrepancies occur, we believe that physicians will be able to better communicate health information, improving the effectiveness and relationship between physicians and patients in improving health outcomes, and individuals with the support of their physicians will be able to better regulate targeted mental states or emotions reducing the sole reliance on on-site visits to hospitals for mental health treatment plans.
Sales and Marketing
We have commenced the commercial roll-out of the NeuroEEG™ and NeuroCap™, on a limited basis, initially targeting the United States market following with Canada market. We expect the following developmental milestones to be completed within the next 24 months, subject to cash availability:
● Scale production in US, Europe and Russia.
● Release new products to the market:
○ Long Term Monitoring caps.
○ Long Term Monitoring 24 channel EEG.
● Data storage for normalized data brain scans.
● AI neuro net development focused on epilepsy to start.
● Minimally invasive graphene electrodes connected to the micro EEG.
● Work with partnerships focused on AI prediction toward concussion, pain and autism applications.
● File international applications in Latin America, Europe and beyond.
We are seeking to identify additional long-term partners to accelerate market penetration, product diversification, and ultimate survivability across targeted verticals. Through new implementations of our EEG products and services, we expect to retain and capture additional market share through continuous enhancements.
We plan to utilize partner relationships and co-marketing opportunities as the initial driver of our marketing efforts, thereby benefiting from increased speed-to-market, as well as the ability to leverage a pre-existing audience/customer base and communications channels. We expect to offer to early adopters our products and services at preferential rates in exchange for expediting development, distribution, and sales of such products and services.
Our marketing and sales strategy is focused on rapid, cost-effective delivery of high-quality products into the U.S. and international healthcare market. The sales strategy is to build our own sales department and to sell directly to hospitals. We also plan to penetrate the neurology and diagnostic imaging subsectors of the MedTech industry market via planned medical device distributor arrangements or partnering on distribution of NeuroCaps through existing EEG manufacturers, and expanding into nursing homes and primary care practices. Included amongst the customers to whom we intend to market and sell our Products through distributors and partners (B2B), are individual physicians, medical practices, urgent care facilities, physician associations, and other medical professionals and medical professional groups, hospitals, health clinics, nursing homes, physical rehabilitation centers, addiction rehabilitation centers and other medical institutions, athletic organizations, and colleges, universities, and other academic institutions.
We intend for our products’ initial entry into the market would be at emergency departments, ICU’s and other acute care settings in the United States.
We will also be looking at forming partnerships with national and global telemedicine and teleneurology companies in order to leverage their relationships, to access our target end-users. This would allow our initial entry into the rapidly growing global telemedicine and teleneurology markets.
As we grow, we intend to expand to global distributors, Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) of medical supplies, and Independent Physician Associations (IPAs) to scale business operations. At this time, we do not provide financing for potential customers, but we are evaluating implementing a leasing program.
In 2019 and 2020, we acted as a distributor of third-party medical devices (including those purchased from a company affiliated with one of our officers and directors) in Russia, which we expect to continue while we commercialize our Products and seek to generate material revenue from those sources. While we intend to continue the sale of third party medical devices, we do not intend for it to be our primary source of revenue in the long-term and expect to curtail or cease this line of operations as, if and when we commence generating material, recurring revenues from our Products.
We expect, subject to availability of funds, to substantially increase our marketing budget in 2021 and perhaps thereafter.
Reimbursement
Coverage in the United States
Reimbursement from private third-party healthcare payors and, to a lesser extent, Medicare will be an important element of our success. Although the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, or CMS, and third-party payors have adopted coverage policies for our targeted indications, there is no guarantee this will continue at the same levels or at all in the future.
Regarding ICD-10 codes, the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) is a clinical cataloging system that went into effect for the U.S. healthcare industry on October 1, 2015, after a series of lengthy delays. Accounting for modern advances in clinical treatment and medical devices, ICD-10 codes offer many more classification options compared to those found in its predecessor, ICD-9. Within the healthcare industry, providers, coders, IT professionals, insurance carriers, government agencies and others use ICD codes to properly note diseases on health records, to track epidemiological trends and to assist in medical reimbursement decisions.
We believe that many of the indications we are pursuing with our technologies are currently reimbursed on a widespread basis by Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance companies.
Medicare, Medicaid, health maintenance organizations and other third-party payors are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement of new medical devices, and, as a result, their coverage policies may be restrictive, or they may not cover or provide adequate payment for our Products. In order to obtain reimbursement arrangements, we may have to agree to a net sales price lower than the net sales price we might charge in other sales channels. Our revenue may be limited by the continuing efforts of government and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare through various increasingly sophisticated means, such as requiring prospective reimbursement and second opinions, purchasing in groups, or redesigning benefits. Our future dependence on the commercial success of our technologies makes us particularly susceptible to any cost containment or reduction efforts. Accordingly, unless government and other third-party payors provide adequate coverage and reimbursement for our Products and the related insertion and removal procedures, our financial performance may be limited.
Coverage Outside the United States
If we seek to commercialize our Products in countries outside the United States, coverage may be available from certain governmental authorities, private health insurance plans, and labor unions. Coverage systems in international markets vary significantly by country and, within some countries, by region. If we seek to commercialize our technology, if approved, outside the U.S., coverage approvals must be obtained on a country-by-country, region-by-region or, in some instances, a case-by case basis. Based on our ongoing evaluation, certain countries reimburse more highly than others.
Manufacturing, Supply and Quality Assurance
We currently outsource the supply and manufacture of all components of our NeuroEEG and NeuroCap. We plan to continue with an outsourced manufacturing arrangement for the foreseeable future. We expect that our third-party manufacturers will be competent to manufacture our Products and have quality systems established that meet FDA requirements. We believe the manufacturers we currently utilize or that we may utilize in the future have sufficient capacity to meet our launch requirements if our technology under development is approved in the future and are able to scale up their capacity relatively quickly with minimal capital investment. We believe that, as we increase our demand in the future, our per unit costs will decrease materially. We have also identified capable second source manufacturers and suppliers in the event of disruption from any of our primary vendors.
In 2020, we decided to bring manufacturing of NeuroCaps in the USA. We have evaluated a few manufacturers and plan to start manufacturing NeuroCaps in the USA in 2021.
Our suppliers meet ISO 13485 certification, which includes design control requirements. As a medical device developer, the facilities of our sterilization and other critical suppliers are subject to periodic inspection by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign agencies. We plan to audit our suppliers periodically to ensure conformity with the specifications, policies and procedures for our devices.
With respect to graphene electrodes, our goal is to start working with specific 3D printers and print prototypes of the next generation electrodes. Upon successful testing, of which we can give no assurance of success, we plan to submit the graphene electrode for biocompatibility testing in 2021/2022 with a follow up application to the FDA in 2023 and projected approval in 2023 with commercial implementation to follow.
Research and Development
Our research and development programs are generally pursued by engineers and scientists employed by us on a full-time basis or hired as per diem consultants or through partnerships with industry leaders in manufacturing and design and researchers and academia. We are also working with subcontractors in developing specific components of our technologies.
The primary objective of our research and development program is to advance the development of our existing and proposed Products, to enhance the commercial value of such Products.
We have incurred research and development costs of $275,926 for the year ended December 31, 2020 and $103,616 for the year ended December 31, 2019. We have commenced evaluating the use of graphene for brain electrodes, with an affiliate of Boris Goldstein, our Chairman of the Board. We believe the main benefits of using graphene for electrodes are:
● High conductivity
● Very thin
● Extremely strong
● Inexpensive compared to platinum
Potential electronic applications of graphene in EEG include ultra-small transistors, super-dense data storage, touchscreens and a wearable e-tattoo EEG patch. In the energy field, potential applications include ultra-capacitors to store and transmit electrical power as well as highly efficient solar cells. We believe graphene-based batteries in EEG will be able to charge faster and last longer, although we have not commenced any work towards that goal at this time.
We also have formed a Medical Advisory Board. The current members are Dr. John Gaitanis, MD, Tufts Medical Center; and Dr. John Hixson, MD, Associate Professor of Neurology, University of California San Francisco. We grant to such members from time to time equity for the services they provide to us.
Government Regulation
Our NeuroEEG and NeuroCap are each a medical device subject to extensive and ongoing regulation by the FDA, the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, the European Commission, and regulatory bodies in other countries. Regulations cover virtually every critical aspect of a medical device company’s business operations, including research activities, product development, quality and risk management, contracting, reimbursement, medical communications, and sales and marketing. In the United States, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the implementing regulations of the FDA govern product design and development, pre-clinical and clinical testing, premarket clearance or approval, product manufacturing, quality systems, import and export, product labeling, product storage, recalls and field safety corrective actions, advertising and promotion, product sales and distribution, and post-market clinical surveillance. Our business is subject to federal, state, local, and foreign regulations, such as ISO 13485, ISO 14971, FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR, contained in 21 CFR Part 820, and the European Commission’s Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices and its amendments.
U.S. Regulation
The FDA characterizes medical devices into one of three classes. Devices that are considered by the FDA to pose lower risk are classified as Class I or II. Class I devices and are subject to controls for labeling, pre-market notification and adherence to the FDA’s QSR. This pertains to manufacturers’ methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control quality assurance, labeling, packaging, sterilization, storage and shipping of products, but are usually exempt from premarket notification requirements. Class II devices are subject to the same general controls but may be subject to special controls such as performance standards, post-market surveillance, FDA guidelines, or particularized labeling, and may also require clinical testing prior to clearance or approval. Class III devices are those for which insufficient information exists to assure safety and effectiveness solely through general or special controls, including devices that support or sustain human life, are of substantial importance in preventing impairment of human health, or which present a potential, unreasonable risk of illness or injury.
Some Class I and Class II devices are exempted by regulation from the pre-market notification requirement under Section 510(k) of the FDCA, also referred to as a 510(k) clearance, and the requirement of compliance with substantially all of the QSR. However, a pre-market approval, or PMA application, is required for devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or certain implantable devices, or those that are “not substantially equivalent” either to a device previously cleared through the 510(k) process or to a “preamendment” Class III device in commercial distribution before May 28, 1976 when PMA applications were not required. The PMA approval process is more comprehensive than the 510(k) clearance process and typically takes several years to complete. While the 510(k) process is typically shorter than a PMA process, both the 510(k) clearance and PMA processes can be expensive and lengthy.
Our current devices (NeuroCap and NeuroEEG) are classified as Class II medical devices by the United States FDA.
FDA review of a PMA application generally takes between one and three years, but may take significantly longer. The FDA can delay, limit or deny approval of a PMA application for many reasons, including:
● the device may not be safe, effective, reliable or accurate to the FDA’s satisfaction;
● the data from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials may be insufficient to support approval;
● the manufacturing process or facilities may not meet applicable requirements; and
● changes in FDA approval policies or adoption of new regulations may require additional data.
If an FDA evaluation of a PMA application is favorable, the FDA will either issue an approval letter, or approvable letter, which usually contains a number of conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the PMA. When and if those conditions have been fulfilled to the satisfaction of the FDA, the agency will issue a PMA approval letter authorizing commercial marketing of a device, subject to the conditions of approval and the limitations established in the approval letter. If the FDA’s evaluation of a PMA application or manufacturing facilities is not favorable, the FDA will deny approval of the PMA or issue a not approvable letter. The FDA also may determine that additional tests or clinical trials are necessary, in which case the PMA approval may be delayed for several months or years while the trials are conducted, and data is submitted in an amendment to the PMA. The PMA process can be expensive, uncertain and lengthy and a number of devices for which FDA approval has been sought by other companies have never been approved by the FDA for marketing.
New PMA applications or PMA supplements may be required for modifications to the manufacturing process, labeling, device specifications, materials or design of a device that has been approved through the PMA process. PMA supplements often require submission of the same type of information as an initial PMA application, except that the supplement is limited to information needed to support any changes from the device covered by the approved PMA application and may or may not require as extensive technical or clinical data or the convening of an advisory panel.
Clinical trials are typically required to support a PMA application and are sometimes required for a 510(k) clearance. These trials generally require submission of an application for an IDE, to the FDA. The IDE application must be supported by appropriate data, such as animal and laboratory testing results, showing that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically sound. The IDE application must be approved in advance by the FDA for a specified number of patients, unless the product is deemed a non-significant risk device and eligible for abbreviated IDE requirements. Generally, clinical trials for a significant risk device may begin once the IDE application is approved by the FDA and the study protocol and informed consent are approved by appropriate institutional review boards at the clinical trial sites. The FDA’s approval of an IDE allows clinical testing to go forward, but it does not bind the FDA to accept the results of the trial as sufficient to prove the product’s safety and efficacy, even if the trial meets its intended success criteria. All clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the FDA’s IDE regulations that govern investigational device labeling, prohibit promotion, and specify an array of recordkeeping, reporting and monitoring responsibilities of study sponsors and study investigators. Clinical trials must further comply with the FDA’s regulations for institutional review board approval and for informed consent and other human subject protections. Required records and reports are subject to inspection by the FDA. The results of clinical testing may be unfavorable or, even if the intended safety and efficacy success criteria are achieved, may not be considered sufficient for the FDA to grant approval or clearance of a product. Clinical trials must be entered into the clinical trials registry at clintrials.gov.
The commencement or completion of any clinical trial may be delayed or halted, or be inadequate to support approval of a PMA application, for numerous reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:
● the FDA or other regulatory authorities do not approve a clinical trial protocol or a clinical trial, or place a clinical trial on hold;
● patients do not enroll in clinical trials at the rate expected;
● patients, sponsor or study sites do not comply with trial protocols;
● patient follow-up is not at the rate expected;
● patients experience adverse side effects;
● patients die during a clinical trial, even though their death may not be related to the products that are part of our trial;
● institutional review boards and third-party clinical investigators may delay or reject the trial protocol;
● third-party clinical investigators decline to participate in a trial or do not perform a trial on the anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical trial protocol, good clinical practices or other FDA requirements;
● the sponsor or third-party organizations do not perform data collection, monitoring and analysis in a timely or accurate manner or consistent with the clinical trial protocol or investigational or statistical plans;
● third-party clinical investigators have significant financial interests related to the sponsor or the study that the FDA deems to make the study results unreliable, or the company or investigators fail to disclose such interests;
● regulatory inspections of our clinical trials or manufacturing facilities, which may, among other things, require us to undertake corrective action or suspend or terminate our clinical trials;
● changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions;
● the interim or final results of the clinical trial are inconclusive or unfavorable as to safety or efficacy; and
● the FDA concludes that our trial design is inadequate to demonstrate safety and efficacy.
International Regulation
International sales of medical devices are subject to local government regulations, which may vary substantially from country to country. The time required to obtain approval in another country may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval, and the requirements may differ. There is a trend towards harmonization of quality system standards among the European Union, United States, Canada and various other industrialized countries.
The primary regulatory body in Europe is that of the European Union, the European Commission, which includes most of the major countries in Europe. Other countries, such as Switzerland, have voluntarily adopted laws and regulations that mirror those of the European Union with respect to medical devices. The European Union has adopted numerous directives and standards regulating the design, manufacture, clinical trials, labeling and adverse event reporting for medical devices. Devices that comply with the requirements of these relevant directives will be entitled to bear the CE conformity marking, indicating that the device conforms to the essential requirements of the applicable directives and, accordingly, can be commercially distributed throughout Europe. The method of assessing conformity varies depending on the class of the product, but normally involves a combination of self-assessment by the manufacturer and a third party assessment by a “Notified Body.” This third-party assessment may consist of an audit of the manufacturer’s quality system and specific testing of the manufacturer’s product. An assessment by a Notified Body of one country within the European Union is required in order for a manufacturer to commercially distribute the product throughout the European Union. Additional local requirements may apply on a country-by-country basis. Outside of the European Union, regulatory approval would need to be sought on a country-by-country basis in order for us to market our Products.
Medical devices in Europe are classified into four primary categories. They are as follows:
● Non-invasive devices
● Invasive medical devices
● Active medical devices
● Special Rules (including contraceptive, disinfectant, and radiological diagnostic medical devices)
Devices are further segmented into the classes noted below. In Vitro Diagnostic devices (IVDs) have their own classification scheme and while active implantable devices do not follow the same classification system as provided by the Medical Device Directive (MDD), they are subject to similar requirements as Class III devices:
● Class I - Provided non-sterile or do not have a measuring function (low risk)
● Class I - Provided sterile and/or have a measuring function (low/medium risk)
● Class IIa (medium risk)
● Class IIb (medium/high risk)
● Class III (high risk)
We have established a wholly-owned subsidiary in Russia and have established a wholly-owned subsidiary in Europe (Poland) for product distribution and certification.
Other Regulatory Requirements
Even after a device receives clearance or approval and is placed in commercial distribution, numerous regulatory requirements apply. These include:
● establishment registration and device listing;
● QSR, which requires manufacturers, including third party manufacturers, to follow stringent design, testing, risk management, production, control, supplier/contractor selection, complaint handling, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during all aspects of the manufacturing process;
● labeling regulations that prohibit the promotion of products for uncleared, unapproved or “off-label” uses, and impose other restrictions on labeling, advertising and promotion;
● Medical Device Reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur;
● voluntary and mandatory device recalls to address problems when a device is defective and could be a risk to health; and
● corrections and removals reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections and product recalls or removals if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FDCA that may present a risk to health.
Also, the FDA may require us to conduct post-market surveillance studies or establish and maintain a system for tracking our Products through the chain of distribution to the patient level. The FDA enforces regulatory requirements by conducting periodic, unannounced inspections and market surveillance. Inspections may include the manufacturing facilities of our subcontractors.
Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in enforcement actions by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. These may include any of the following sanctions or consequences:
● warning letters or untitled letters that require corrective action;
● fines and civil penalties;
● unanticipated expenditures;
● delays in approving or refusal to approve future products;
● FDA refusal to issue certificates to foreign governments needed to export products for sale in other countries;
● suspension or withdrawal of FDA clearance or approval;
● product recall or seizure;
● interruption of production;
● operating restrictions;
● injunctions; and
● criminal prosecution.
Our contract manufacturers, specification developers and some suppliers of components or device accessories, also are required to manufacture our Products in compliance with current good manufacturing practice requirements set forth in the QSR. The QSR requires a quality system for the design, manufacture, packaging, labeling, storage, installation and servicing of marketed devices, and it includes extensive requirements with respect to quality management and organization, device design, buildings, equipment, purchase and handling of components or services, production and process controls, packaging and labeling controls, device evaluation, distribution, installation, complaint handling, servicing, and record keeping. The FDA evaluates compliance with the QSR through periodic unannounced inspections that may include the manufacturing facilities of our subcontractors. If the FDA believes that any of our contract manufacturers or regulated suppliers are not in compliance with these requirements, it can shut down such manufacturing operations, require recall of our Products, refuse to approve new marketing applications, institute legal proceedings to detain or seize products, enjoin future violations or assess civil and criminal penalties against us or our officers or other employees.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and Similar Foreign and State Laws and Regulations Affecting the Transmission, Security and Privacy of Health Information
We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specified requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to business associates, defined as service providers of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information in connection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also created four new tiers of civil monetary penalties and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, many state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from HIPAA and each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect.
Foreign data privacy regulations, such as the EU Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46/EC), the country-specific regulations that implement Directive 95/46/EC, and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) also govern the processing of personally identifiable data, and may be stricter than U.S. laws.
Fraud and Abuse Laws
In addition to FDA restrictions, there are numerous U.S. federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws. Our relationships with healthcare providers and other third parties are subject to scrutiny under these laws. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and civil sanctions, including, in some instances, imprisonment and exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, including the Medicare, Medicaid and Veterans Administration health programs.
Federal Anti-Kickback and Self-Referral Laws
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration (including any kickback, bribe or rebate), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, recommending, or arranging of a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program such as Medicare and Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs. The term “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including such items as gifts, discounts, the furnishing of supplies or equipment, credit arrangements, waiver of payments and providing anything at less than its fair market value. Although there are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practices that involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make the conduct per se illegal under the Anti-Kickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on a review of all its relevant facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of (or purchases, or recommendations related to) federal healthcare covered business, the Anti-Kickback Statute has been implicated and potentially violated.
The penalties for violating the federal Anti-Kickback Statute include imprisonment for up to five years, fines of up to $25,000 per violation and possible exclusion from federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Many states have adopted prohibitions similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, some of which do not have the same exceptions and apply to the referral of patients for healthcare services reimbursed by any source, not only by the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Further, the Anti-Kickback Statute was amended by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or PPACA. Specifically, as noted above, under the Anti-Kickback Statute, the government must prove the defendant acted “knowingly” to prove a violation occurred. The PPACA added a provision to clarify that with respect to violations of the Anti-Kickback Statute, “a person need not have actual knowledge” of the statute or specific intent to commit a violation of the statute. This change effectively overturns case law interpretations that set a higher standard under which prosecutors had to prove the specific intent to violate the law. In addition, the PPACA codified case law that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act.
We plan to provide the initial training to providers and patients necessary for appropriate use of our technology either through our own educators or by contracting with outside educators that have completed an appropriate training course. Outside educators are reimbursed for their services at fair market value.
Noncompliance with the federal anti-kickback legislation could result in our exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid or other governmental programs, restrictions on our ability to operate in certain jurisdictions, and civil and criminal penalties.
Federal law also includes a provision commonly known as the “Stark Law,” which prohibits a physician from referring Medicare or Medicaid patients to an entity providing “designated health services,” including a company that furnishes durable medical equipment, in which the physician has an ownership or investment interest or with which the physician has entered into a compensation arrangement. Violation of the Stark Law could result in denial of payment, disgorgement of reimbursements received under a noncompliant arrangement, civil penalties, and exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid or other governmental programs. We believe that we have structured our provider arrangements to comply with current Stark Law requirements.
Nevertheless, a determination of liability under such laws could result in fines and penalties and restrictions on our ability to operate in these jurisdictions.
Additionally, as some of these laws are still evolving, we lack definitive guidance as to the application of certain key aspects of these laws as they relate to our arrangements with providers with respect to patient training. We cannot predict the final form that these regulations will take or the effect that the final regulations will have on us. As a result, our provider and training arrangements may ultimately be found to be not in compliance with applicable federal law.
Federal False Claims Act
The Federal False Claims Act provides, in part, that the federal government may bring a lawsuit against any person whom it believes has knowingly presented, or caused to be presented, a false or fraudulent request for payment from the federal government, or who has made a false statement or used a false record to get a claim approved. In addition, amendments in 1986 to the Federal False Claims Act have made it easier for private parties to bring “qui tam” whistleblower lawsuits against companies under the Federal False Claims Act. Penalties include fines ranging from $5,500 to $11,000 for each false claim, plus three times the amount of damages that the federal government sustained because of the act of that person. Qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to have to defend a false claim action, pay fines or be excluded from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state healthcare programs as a result of an investigation arising out of such action.
There are other federal anti-fraud laws that that prohibit, among other actions, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors, knowingly and willfully embezzling or stealing from a healthcare benefit program, willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services.
Additionally, HIPAA established two federal crimes in the healthcare fraud and false statements relating to healthcare matters. The healthcare fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private payors. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment or exclusion from government sponsored programs. The false statements statute prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines or imprisonment.
Civil Monetary Penalties Law
In addition to the Anti-Kickback Statute and the civil and criminal False Claims Acts, the federal government has the authority to seek civil monetary penalties, or CMPs, assessments, and exclusion against an individual or entity based on a wide variety of prohibited conduct. For example, the Civil Monetary Penalties Law authorizes the imposition of substantial CMPs against an entity that engages in activities including, but not limited to: (1) knowingly presenting or causing to be presented, a claim for services not provided as claimed or which is otherwise false or fraudulent in any way; (2) knowingly giving or causing to be given false or misleading information reasonably expected to influence the decision to discharge a patient; (3) offering or giving remuneration to any beneficiary of a federal health care program likely to influence the receipt of reimbursable items or services; (4) arranging for reimbursable services with an entity which is excluded from participation from a federal health care program; (5) knowingly or willfully soliciting or receiving remuneration for a referral of a federal health care program beneficiary; or (6) using a payment intended for a federal health care program beneficiary for another use. Noncompliance can result in civil money penalties of up to $10,000 for each wrongful act, assessment of three times the amount claimed for each item or service and exclusion from the federal healthcare programs.
State Fraud and Abuse Provisions
Many states have also adopted some form of anti-kickback and anti-referral laws and a false claims act. We believe that we are in conformance to such laws. Nevertheless, a determination of liability under such laws could result in fines and penalties and restrictions on our ability to operate in these jurisdictions.
Physician Payment Sunshine Act
Transparency laws regarding payments or other items of value provided to healthcare providers and teaching hospitals may also impact our business practices. The federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act requires most medical device manufacturers to report annually to the Secretary of Human Health Services financial arrangements, payments, or other transfers of value made by that entity to physicians and teaching hospitals. The payment information is made publicly available in a searchable format on a CMS website. Over the next several years, we will need to dedicate significant resources to establish and maintain systems and processes in order to comply with these regulations. Failure to comply with the reporting requirements can result in significant civil monetary penalties. Similar laws have been enacted or are under consideration in foreign jurisdictions.
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, prohibits U.S. corporations and their representatives from offering, promising, authorizing or making corrupt payments, gifts or transfers to any foreign government official, government staff member, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business abroad. The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with accounting provisions requiring the company to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the corporation, including international subsidiaries, and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations. Activities that violate the FCPA, even if they occur wholly outside the United States, can result in criminal and civil fines, imprisonment, disgorgement, oversight, and debarment from government contracts.
Employees
As of April 12, 2021, we had seven employees, none of whom are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. These employees oversee day-to-day operations of the Company supporting management and leading engineering, manufacturing, intellectual property and administration functions of the Company. As required, the Company also engages consultants to provide services to the Company, including regulatory, legal and corporate services. We are subject to labor laws and regulations within the U.S. These laws and regulations principally concern matters such as pensions, paid annual vacation, paid sick days, length of the workday and work week, minimum wages, overtime pay, insurance for work-related accidents, severance pay and other conditions of employment. We consider our relationship with our employee to be satisfactory.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A - RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before you invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider the following risks, as well as general economic and business risks, and all of the other information contained in this Report. Any of the following risks could harm our business, operating results and financial condition and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, which would cause you to lose all or part of your investment. When determining whether to invest, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Report including our financial statements and the related notes thereto.
Risks Relating to our Business
We have incurred significant operating losses since inception and cannot assure you that we will ever achieve or sustain profitability.
We have incurred losses from inception and had an accumulated deficit of $7,956,862 as of December 31, 2020 and had a working capital deficit of $4,765,850 as of December 31, 2020. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating and net losses for the foreseeable future. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through debt and equity financings. To date, our primary activities have been limited to, and our limited resources have been dedicated to, performing business and financial planning, raising capital, recruiting personnel, negotiating with business partners and the licensors of our intellectual property and conducting development activities, including the commercialization of our first two Products.
We believe that to fully implement our business strategy we need to, among other things, raise approximately or generate revenues of $10.0 million, or some combination thereof. We have never been profitable and do not expect to be profitable in the foreseeable future. Any profitability in the future will be dependent upon the successful development of our business model, of which we can give no assurance of success. We expect our expenses to increase significantly as we pursue our objectives. The extent of our future operating losses and the timing of profitability are highly uncertain, and we expect to continue incurring significant expenses and operating losses over the next several years. Our prior losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. Any additional operating losses may have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity, and we cannot assure you that we will ever be able to achieve profitability. Even if we achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to become and remain profitable would depress the value of our company and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, maintain our development efforts, obtain regulatory approvals or continue our operations. Accordingly, we are a highly speculative venture involving significant financial risk.
Since inception, we have not established any material revenues or operations that will provide financial stability in the long term, and there can be no assurance that we will realize our plans on our projected timetable (or at all) in order to reach sustainable or profitable operations.
We are not currently generating any revenue from Product sales, and may never be able to successfully commercialize our NeuroEEG™ and NeuroCap™, or other future Product candidates. Even if we succeed in commercializing any of such Products, we may never generate revenues significant enough to achieve profitability.
In 2019, we commenced acting as a distributor of third-party medical devices in Russia (including those purchased from a company affiliated with one of our officers and directors), which resulted in all of our revenue for 2019 and 2020. While we intend to continue the sale of third party medical devices, we do not intend for it to be our primary source of revenue in the long-term and expect to curtail or cease this line of operations as, if and when we commence generating material, recurring revenues from our Products, of which we can give no assurance. We also can give no assurance that any revenue we generate from so acting as a distributor of third-party medical devices will continue, will continue to be material or will be sufficient to enable us to continue our operations.
Investors are subject to all the risks incident to the creation and development of a new business and each investor should be prepared to withstand a complete loss of his, her or its investment. Furthermore, the accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. We have not emerged from the development stage, and may be unable to raise further equity. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The Company has limited experience in medical device development and commercialization. Our ability to become profitable depends primarily on: our ability to develop our Products, our successful completion of all necessary pre-clinical testing and clinical trials on such Products, our ability to obtain approval for such Products and, if approved, successfully commercialize such Products, our ongoing research and development efforts, the timing and cost of clinical trials, our ability to identify personnel with the necessary skill sets or enter into favorable alliances with third-parties who can provide substantial capabilities in clinical development, regulatory affairs, sales, marketing and distribution and our ability to obtain and maintain necessary intellectual property rights to such Products. Our limited experience in medical device development may make it more difficult for us to complete these tasks.
Even if we successfully develop and market our Products, we may not generate sufficient or sustainable revenue to achieve or sustain profitability, which could cause us to cease operations and cause you to lose all of your investment. Because we are subject to these risks, you may have a difficult time evaluating our business and your investment in our Company.
Our ability to continue our operations requires that we raise additional capital and our operations could be curtailed if we are unable to obtain the additional funding as or when needed. As a result, our registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its report on our audited financial statements included in this Annual Report. We will need to raise substantial additional funds in the future, and these funds may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. A failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed could force us to delay, limit, scale back or cease some or all operations.
Upon the completion of the audit of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, we concluded there was substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph regarding this uncertainty in its report on those financial statements.
The continued growth of our business, including the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our Products, will significantly increase our expenses going forward, regardless of our revenues. As a result, we are required to seek substantial additional funds to continue our business. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
● the cost of developing our Products;
● obtaining and maintaining regulatory clearance or approval for our Products;
● the costs associated with commercializing our Products;
● any change in our development priorities;
● the revenue generated by sales of our Products, if approved;
● the revenue generated by sales of third-party medical devices;
● the costs associated with expanding our sales and marketing infrastructure for commercialization of our Products, if approved;
● any change in our plans regarding the manner in which we choose to commercialize any approved Product in the United States or internationally;
● the cost of ongoing compliance with regulatory requirements;
● expenses we incur in connection with potential litigation or governmental investigations;
● the costs to develop additional intellectual property:
● anticipated or unanticipated capital expenditures; and
● unanticipated general and administrative expenses.
We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, without raising additional capital or generating additional revenues, is insufficient to fund our operating expenses for the foreseeable future. We expect to seek additional capital from public or private offerings of our capital stock, borrowings under credit lines, if available, or other sources.
We may not be able to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Any failure to raise additional capital could compromise our ability to execute on our business plan, and we may be forced to liquidate our assets. In such a scenario, the values we receive for our assets in liquidation or dissolution could be significantly lower than the values reflected in our financial statements.
If we issue equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. In addition, if we raise additional funds through collaborations, licensing, joint ventures, strategic alliances, partnership arrangements or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to our potential future products or proprietary technologies, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
In 2020, the Coronavirus outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and spread to the United States and many other parts of the world and may continue to adversely affect our business operations, employee availability, financial condition, liquidity and cash flow for an extended period of time.
The outbreak of COVID-19 continues to grow both in the U.S. and globally, and related government and private sector responsive actions may continue to adversely affect our business operations. It is impossible to predict the effect and ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as the situation continues to evolve.
Ongoing significant reductions in business related activities could result in further loss of sales and profits, as well as other material adverse effects. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 worldwide on our business, financial results, liquidity and cash flows will depend largely on future developments, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity and action taken to contain or prevent further spread within the U.S. and the related impact on consumer confidence and spending, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
As COVID-19 continues and persists for an extended period of time, there may be significant and material disruptions to our supply chain and operations, and delays in the manufacturing and shipment of our products, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Quality problems with, and product liability claims in connection with our Products could lead to recalls or safety alerts, harm to our reputation, or adverse verdicts or costly settlements, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.
Quality is extremely important to us and our customers due to the serious and costly consequences of Product failure and our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture, and marketing of medical devices and services. In addition, our products may be used in intensive care settings with seriously ill patients. Component failures, manufacturing defects, design flaws, off-label use, or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or product-related information with respect to our products, could result in an unsafe condition or injury to, or death of, a patient or other user of our products. These problems could lead to the recall of, or issuance of a safety alert relating to, our Products, and could result in unfavorable judicial decisions or settlements arising out of product liability claims and lawsuits, including class actions, which could negatively affect our financial condition and business operations. In particular, a material adverse event involving one of our products could result in reduced market acceptance and demand for all products offered under our brand, and could harm our reputation and ability to market products in the future.
High quality products are critical to the success of our business. If we fail to meet the high standards we set for ourselves and which our customers expect, and our products are the subject of recalls, safety alerts, or other material adverse events, our reputation could be damaged, we could lose customers, and our revenue and results of operations could decline. Our success also depends generally on our ability to manufacture to exact tolerances precision-engineered components, subassemblies, and finished devices from multiple materials. If our components fail to meet these standards or fail to adapt to evolving standards, our reputation, competitive advantage and market share could be negatively impacted. In certain situations, we may undertake a voluntary recall of products or temporarily shut down product production lines if we determine, based on performance relative to our own internal safety and quality monitoring and testing data, that we have or may be in danger of failing to meet the high quality standards we have set for ourselves and which our customers expect. Such recalls or cessation of services or product manufacturing may also negatively impact our business.
Any product liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could be costly to defend and resolve. Any of the foregoing problems, including product liability claims or product recalls in the future, regardless of their ultimate outcome, could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.
We are substantially dependent on patent and other proprietary rights and failing to protect such rights or to be successful in litigation related to our rights or the rights of others may result in our payment of significant monetary damages and/or royalty payments, negatively impact our ability to sell current or future Products, or prohibit us from enforcing our patent and other proprietary rights against others.
We are and will continue to be materially dependent on a combination of patents, trade secrets, and trademarks, non-disclosure and non-competition agreements, and other intellectual property protections which will enable us to maintain our proprietary competitiveness. We also operate in an industry characterized by extensive patent litigation. Patent litigation against us can result in significant damage awards and injunctions that could prevent our manufacture and sale of affected Products or require us to pay significant royalties in order to continue to manufacture or sell affected Products. At any given time, we could potentially be involved as a plaintiff and/or as a defendant in a number of patent infringement and/or other contractual or intellectual property related actions, the outcomes of which may not be known for prolonged periods of time. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of such litigation, we acknowledge the possibility that any such litigation could result in our payment of significant monetary damages and/or royalty payments, negatively impact our ability to sell current or future Products, or prohibit us from enforcing our patent and proprietary rights against others, which would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of our business and on our business operations.
While we intend to defend against any threats to our intellectual property, including our patents, trade secrets, and trademarks, and while we intend to defend against any actual or threatened breaches of our non-disclosure and non-competition agreements, may not adequately protect our intellectual property or enforce such agreements. Further, patent or trademark applications currently pending that are owned by us may not result in patents or trademarks being issued to us, patents or trademarks issued to or licensed by us in the past or in the future may be challenged or circumvented by competitors and such patents or trademarks may be found invalid, unenforceable or insufficiently broad to protect our proprietary advantages.
In addition, the laws of certain countries in which we market, or intend to market, some or all of our Products do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S., which could make it easier for competitors to capture market position in such countries by utilizing technologies and other intellectual property that are similar to those developed or licensed by us. Competitors may also harm our sales by designing products or offering services that mirror the capabilities of our Products, or the technology contained therein, without infringing our intellectual property rights. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property in these countries, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.
If we experience decreasing prices for our Products and we are unable to reduce our expenses, our financial condition and business operations may suffer.
We may experience decreasing prices for our Products due to pricing pressure experienced by our customers from managed care organizations and other third-party payers, increased market power of our customers as the medical device industry consolidates, and increased competition among medical engineering and manufacturing service providers. If the prices for our Products decrease and we are unable to reduce our expenses, our results of operations will be adversely affected.
Our research and development efforts rely upon investments and investment collaborations, and we cannot guarantee that any previous or future investments or investment collaborations will be successful.
Our commercialization strategy requires a wide variety of technologically advanced and capable Products. The rapid pace of technological development in the MedTech industry and the specialized expertise required in different areas of medicine make it difficult for one company alone to develop a broad portfolio of technological solutions. In addition to internally generated growth through our research and development efforts, we anticipate the need to rely upon investments and investment collaborations to provide us access to new technologies both in areas served by our contemplated businesses as well as in new areas. A failure to establish such collaborations may harm our financial condition and business operations.
Going forward, we expect to make future investments where we believe that we can stimulate the development or acquisition of new technologies, Products to further our strategic objectives and strengthen our existing business ventures. Investments and investment collaborations in and with medical technology companies are inherently risky, and we cannot guarantee that any of our previous or future investments or investment collaborations will be successful or will not have a materially adverse effect our financial condition and business operations.
The ability to offer our planned Products, and the continuing development of new Products, depends upon us maintaining strong relationships with health care professionals.
If we fail to maintain our working relationships with health care professionals, many of our Products may not be developed and offered in line with the needs and expectations of the professionals who use and support our Products, which could cause a decline in our earnings and profitability. The research, development, marketing, and sales of our Products is expected to be dependent upon our maintaining working relationships with such health care professionals, and the use of our Products is expected to often require the participation of health care professionals. In addition, health care professionals are the primary customer groups we expect to market and sell our Products directly to, further highlighting the importance of our relationship with such health care professionals. If we are unable to maintain our relationships with these professionals, we may lose our primary customer base, our Products may not be utilized correctly or to their full potential, and our ability to develop, manufacture, and market future Products may be significantly stunted.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and we may be unable to compete effectively.
We expect to compete domestically and internationally in the neurology and diagnostic imaging MedTech markets. These markets are characterized by rapid change resulting from technological advances and scientific discoveries. In the product lines and offered services in which we compete, we face a mixture of competitors ranging from large manufacturers with multiple business lines to small manufacturers that offer a limited selection of niche products. Development by other companies of new or improved products, processes, technologies, or the introduction of reprocessed products or generic versions when our proprietary Products lose their patent protection may make our Products or proposed Products less competitive. In addition, we face competition from providers of alternative medical therapies such as pharmaceutical companies. Competitive factors include product reliability, product performance, product technology, product quality, breadth of product lines, product services, customer support, price, and reimbursement approval from health care insurance providers.
We also face competition for marketing, distribution, and collaborative development agreements, for establishing relationships health care professionals, medical associations, and academic and research institutions, and for licenses to intellectual property. In addition, academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also may conduct research, seek patient protection and establish collaborative arrangements for discovery, research, clinical development and marketing of products similar to ours. These companies, professionals, and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel, as well as in acquiring necessary product technologies.
A reduction or interruption in our supply of raw materials coupled with an inability to develop alternative sources for such raw materials, and other similar supply chain management difficulties, may adversely affect our ability to manufacture our Products.
The manufacture of our Products require the timely delivery of sufficient amounts of quality components and materials and is highly exacting and complex, due in part to strict regulatory requirements, and we cannot guarantee that our efforts to secure quality components and materials in a timely, cost effective manner will be successful. Other problems in the manufacturing process, including equipment malfunction, failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, defective raw materials and environmental factors, could lead to launch delays, product shortage, unanticipated costs, lost revenues and damage to our reputation. A failure to identify and address manufacturing problems prior to the release of Products to our customers may also result in quality or safety issues.
The Company’s operating results could be negatively impacted if it is unable to capitalize on research and development spending.
The Company has and intends to continue to spend a significant amount of time and resources on research and development projects in order to develop and validate new and innovative products. The Company believes these projects will result in the commercialization of new products and will create additional future sales. However, factors including regulatory delays, safety concerns or patent disputes could delay the introduction or marketing of new products. Additionally, unanticipated issues may arise in connection with current and future clinical studies that could delay or terminate a product’s development prior to regulatory approval. The Company may experience an unfavorable impact on its financial condition and business operations if we are unable to capitalize on those efforts by attaining the proper FDA approval or to successfully market new products.
We may be unable to attract and retain key employees.
Our sales, technical and other key personnel play an integral role in the development, marketing and selling of our Products. If we are unable to recruit, hire, develop and retain a talented, competitive work force, we may not be able to meet our strategic business objectives.
Regulatory and Legal Risks
Medical device development involves a lengthy and expensive process, with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of any Product.
Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of our Products under development in the United States or elsewhere, we must complete all pre-clinical testing, clinical trials and other regulatory requirements necessitated by the FDA and foreign regulatory bodies and demonstrate the performance and safety of our Products. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. Further, the outcomes of completed clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. Clinical data is often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their products performed satisfactorily in clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval. We have limited resources to complete the expensive process of medical device development, pre-clinical testing and clinical trials, putting at a disadvantage, particularly compared to some of our larger and established competitors, and we may not have sufficient resources to commercialize our Products under development in a timely fashion, if ever.
We may experience numerous unforeseen events during or as a result of clinical trials that could delay or prevent our ability to receive marketing approval or commercialize our Products, including:
● regulators may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;
● the failure to successfully complete pre-clinical testing requirements required by the FDA and international organizations;
● we may experience delays in reaching, or fail to reach, agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts with third parties or clinical trial protocols with prospective trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different trial sites;
● clinical trials of our Products may produce negative or inconclusive results, including failure to demonstrate statistical significance, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon our development programs;
● the number of people with brain related disorders required for clinical trials may be larger than we anticipate, enrollment in these clinical trials may be slower than we anticipate or people may drop out of these clinical trials or fail to return for post-treatment follow-up at a higher rate than we anticipate;
● our Products may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics, causing us or our investigators, regulators or institutional review boards to suspend or terminate the trials;
● our third-party contractors conducting the clinical trials may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner, or at all;
● regulators may require that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical development for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;
● the cost of clinical trials of our Products may be greater than we anticipate;
● the supply or quality of our Products or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our Products may be insufficient or inadequate; and
● delays from our suppliers and manufacturers could impact clinical trial completion and impact revenue.
If we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing of our Products under development beyond those that we contemplate, if we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our Products under development or other testing, if the results of these trials or tests are not favorable or if there are safety concerns, we may:
● not obtain marketing approval at all;
● be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our Products under development in a jurisdiction;
● be subject to additional post-marketing testing requirements; or
● have our Products removed from the market after obtaining marketing approval.
Our development costs will also increase if we experience delays in testing or marketing approvals. We do not know whether any of our clinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant clinical trial delays also could allow our competitors to bring innovative products to market before we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our Products.
We are subject to costly and complex laws and governmental regulations and any adverse regulatory action may materially adversely affect our financial condition and business operations.
Our medical devices are subject to regulation by numerous government agencies, including the FDA and comparable agencies outside of the U.S. To varying degrees, each of these agencies requires us to comply with laws and regulations governing the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing, and distribution of our Products. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain or maintain marketing clearance for our new Products, or enhancements or modifications to existing Products, and the failure to maintain approvals or obtain approval or clearance could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of our business and our business operations. Even if we are able to obtain such approval or clearance, it may take a significant amount of time, require the expenditure of substantial resources, involve stringent clinical and pre-clinical testing, require increased post-market surveillance, involve modifications, repairs, or replacements of our Products, and result in limitation on the proposed uses of our Products.
Both before and after a Product or service is commercially released or offered, we have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations. Many of our facilities and procedures and those of our suppliers are also subject to periodic inspections by the FDA to determine compliance with the FDA’s requirements, including the quality system regulations and medical device reporting regulations. The results of these inspections can include inspectional observations on FDA’s Form-483, warning letters, or other forms of enforcement. If the FDA were to conclude that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, or that any of our medical devices are ineffective or pose an unreasonable health risk, the FDA could ban such medical devices, detain or seize adulterated or misbranded medical devices, order a recall, repair, replacement, or refund of such devices, refuse to grant pending pre-market approval applications or require certificates of non-U.S. governments for exports, and/or require us to notify health professionals and others that the devices present unreasonable risks of substantial harm to the public health. The FDA may also assess civil or criminal penalties against us, our officers or employees and impose operating restrictions on a company-wide basis, or enjoin and/or restrain certain conduct resulting in violations of applicable law. The FDA may also recommend prosecution to the U. S. Department of Justice. Governmental agencies comparable to the FDA which operate in foreign jurisdictions may also require us to comply with regulations similar to those required by the FDA, and failing to do so may result in material adverse ramifications similar to those caused by a failure to comply with FDA regulations. Any adverse regulatory action, depending on its magnitude, may restrict us from effectively marketing and selling our Products and limit our ability to obtain future pre-market clearances or approvals, and could cause result in a substantial modification to our business practices and operations.
In addition, the FDA has taken the position that device manufacturers are prohibited from promoting their products other than for the uses and indications set forth in the approved product labeling. A number of enforcement actions have been taken against manufacturers that promote products for “off-label” uses, including actions alleging that federal health care program reimbursement of products promoted for “off-label” uses constitute false and fraudulent claims to the government. The failure to comply with “off-label” promotion restrictions can result in significant civil or criminal exposure, administrative obligations and costs, and/or other potential penalties from, and/or agreements with, the federal government.
Governmental regulations outside the U.S. have become increasingly stringent and more common, and we may become subject to more rigorous regulation by governmental authorities in the future in the event we determine to conduct business internationally. In the European Union, for example, a new Medical Device Regulation was published in 2017 which, when it enters into full force, will impose significant additional premarket and post-market requirements. Penalties for a company’s non-compliance with governmental regulation could be severe, including fines and revocation or suspension of a company’s business license, mandatory price reductions and criminal sanctions. Any governmental law or regulation imposed in the future may have a material adverse effect on us.
We are subject to environmental laws and regulations and the risk of environmental liabilities, violations and litigation.
We are subject to numerous U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. environmental, health and safety laws and regulations concerning, among other things, the health and safety of our employees, the generation, storage, use and transportation of hazardous materials, emissions or discharges of substances into the environment, investigation and remediation of hazardous substances or materials at various sites, chemical constituents in medical products and end-of-life disposal and take-back programs for medical devices. Our operations involve the use of substances regulated under such laws and regulations, primarily those used in manufacturing and sterilization processes. If we violate these environmental laws and regulations, we could be fined, criminally charged or otherwise sanctioned by regulators.
In addition, certain environmental laws assess liability on current or previous owners or operators of real property for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous substances or materials at their properties or at properties which they have disposed of hazardous substances. Liability for investigative, removal and remedial costs under certain U.S. federal and state laws are retroactive, strict and joint and several. In addition to cleanup actions brought by governmental authorities, private parties could bring personal injury or other claims due to the presence of, or exposure to, hazardous substances. The ultimate cost of site cleanup and timing of future cash outflows is difficult to predict, given the uncertainties regarding the extent of the required cleanup, the interpretation of applicable laws and regulations, and alternative cleanup methods
We may in the future be subject to additional environmental claims for personal injury or cleanup based on our past, present or future business activities (including the past activities of companies we may acquire). The costs of complying with current or future environmental protection and health and safety laws and regulations, or liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposures to, hazardous substances, may exceed our estimates, or have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of our business and our business operations.
Our failure to comply with laws and regulations relating to reimbursement of health care goods and services may subject us to penalties and adversely impact our reputation, financial condition, and business operations.
Our Products are expected to be purchased primarily by medical professionals and organizations that typically bill various third-party payers, such as governmental programs (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid and comparable non-U.S. programs), private insurance plans and managed care plans, for the healthcare services provided to their patients. The ability of our customers to obtain appropriate reimbursement for products from third-party payers is critical because it affects which products customers purchase and the prices they are willing to pay for such products. As a result, our Products are subject to regulation regarding quality and cost by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) as well as comparable state and non-U.S. agencies responsible for reimbursement and regulation of health care goods and services. The principal U.S. federal laws implicated include those that prohibit (i) the filing of false or improper claims for federal payment, known as the false claims laws, (ii) unlawful inducements for the referral of business reimbursable under federally-funded health care programs, known as the anti-kickback laws, and (iii) health care service providers from seeking reimbursement for providing certain services to a patient who was referred by a physician who has certain types of direct or indirect financial relationships with the service provider, known as the Stark Law. Many states have similar laws that apply to reimbursement by state Medicaid and other funded programs as well as in some cases to all payers. Insurance companies can also bring a private cause of action claiming treble damages against a manufacturer for causing a false claim to be filed under the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. In addition, if we were to become a manufacturer of FDA-approved devices reimbursable by federal healthcare programs, we would be subject to the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which would require us to annually report certain payments and other transfers of value we make to U.S.-licensed physicians or U.S. teaching hospitals.
Our anticipated domestic and international operations may be subject to risks relating to changes in government and private medical reimbursement programs and policies, and changes in legal regulatory requirements in the U.S. and around the world. Implementation of further legislative or administrative reforms to the reimbursement system in the U.S. and outside of the U.S., or adverse decisions relating to our Products or services by administrators of these systems in coverage or reimbursement, could significantly reduce reimbursement or result in the denial of coverage, which could have an impact on the acceptance of and demand for our Products and the prices that our customers are willing to pay for them.
The laws and regulations of healthcare related products that are applicable to us, including those described herein, are subject to evolving interpretations and enforcement discretion. If a governmental authority were to conclude that we are not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we and our officers and employees could be subject to severe criminal and civil penalties, including, for example, exclusion from participation as a supplier of products or services to beneficiaries covered by CMS. Any failure to comply with laws and regulations relating to reimbursement and healthcare products could adversely affect our financial condition and business operations.
We are subject to federal, state and foreign healthcare regulations related to anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, and could face substantial penalties if we fail to fully comply with such regulations and laws.
The relationships that we and our potential distributors and others that market or may market our Products have with healthcare professionals, such as physicians and hospitals, are subject to scrutiny under various federal, state, foreign laws often referred to collectively as healthcare fraud and abuse laws. In addition, U.S. and foreign government regulators have increased the enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-bribery laws. We also must comply with a variety of other laws that protect the privacy of individually identifiable healthcare information and impose extensive tracking and reporting related to all transfers of value provided to certain healthcare professionals. These laws and regulations are broad in scope and are subject to evolving interpretation and we could be required to incur substantial costs to monitor compliance or to alter our practices if we are found not to be in compliance. Violations of these laws may be punishable by criminal or civil sanctions, including substantial fines, imprisonment of current or former employees and exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.
Laws and regulations governing the export of our Products could adversely impact our business.
The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and the Bureau of Industry and Security at the U.S. Department of Commerce administer certain laws and regulations that restrict U.S. persons and, in some instances, non-U.S. persons, in conducting activities, transacting business with or making investments in certain countries, governments, entities and individuals subject to U.S. economic sanctions. Due to our planned international operations, we expect to be subject to such laws and regulations, which are complex, could restrict our business dealings with certain countries and individuals, and are constantly changing. Further restrictions may be enacted, amended, enforced or interpreted in a manner that adversely impacts our financial condition and business operations.
Consolidation in the health care industry may cause a material adverse effect on our financial health and business operations.
In response to a variety of actions by legislators, regulators, and third-party payers to reduce the perceived rise in healthcare costs, many health care industry companies, including health care systems, are consolidating to create new companies with greater market power. As the health care industry consolidates, competition to provide goods and services to industry participants will become more intense. These industry participants may try to use their market power to negotiate price concessions or reductions our products which price concessions may be unanticipated and adversely affect our financial condition and business operations.
Risks Related to our Common Stock
There is not now, and there may never be, an active market for our common stock and we cannot assure you that our common stock will become liquid or that it will be listed on a securities exchange.
There currently is no liquid market for our common stock. An investor may find it difficult to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of the common stock and trading of our common stock may be extremely sporadic. For example, several days may pass before any shares may be traded. A more active market for our common stock may never develop. In addition, if we failed to meet the criteria set forth in SEC regulations, various requirements would be imposed by law on broker-dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. Consequently, such regulations may deter broker-dealers from recommending or selling the common stock, which may further affect its liquidity. This would also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital.
The price of our common stock might fluctuate significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Volatility in the market price of our common stock may prevent you from being able to sell your shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid for your shares. The trading price of our common stock may be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors, including:
● actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial and operating results;
● our progress toward developing our Products;
● the commencement, enrollment and results of our future clinical trials;
● adverse results from, delays in or termination of our clinical trials;
● adverse regulatory decisions, including failure to receive regulatory approval;
● publication of research reports about us or our industry or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts, if any;
● perceptions about the market acceptance of our Products and the recognition of our brand;
● adverse publicity about our Products or industry in general;
● overall performance of the equity markets;
● introduction of Products, or announcements of significant contracts, licenses or acquisitions, by us or our competitors;
● legislative, political or regulatory developments;
● additions or departures of key personnel;
● threatened or actual litigation and government investigations;
● sale of shares of our common stock by us or members of our management; and
● general economic conditions.
These and other factors might cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, from time to time, the stock market experiences price and volume fluctuations, some of which may be significant. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies across many industries. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Accordingly, the price of our common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with our company, and these fluctuations could materially reduce our share price.
Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company’s securities. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs, divert our management’s attention and resources, and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We are a smaller reporting company, and the reduced reporting requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). For as long as we continue to be a smaller reporting company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”), reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation, and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
Our common stock is subject to the “penny stock” rules of the SEC, which makes transactions in our stock cumbersome and may reduce the value of an investment in our stock.
The SEC has adopted regulations which generally define a “penny stock” as an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. The SEC’s penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer must also provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and the salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. In addition, the penny stock rules generally require that before a transaction in a penny stock occurs, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s agreement to the transaction. If applicable in the future, these rules may restrict the ability of brokers-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect the ability of investors to sell their shares, until our common stock no longer is considered a penny stock.
Concentration of ownership of our common stock among our existing executive officers, directors and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
Our executive officers, directors and their affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 48.7% of our outstanding common stock as of April 12, 2021. As a result, these persons, acting together, would be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors, any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other significant corporate transactions.
Some of these persons or entities may have interests different than yours. For example, they may be more interested in selling our company to an acquirer than other investors, or they may want us to pursue strategies that deviate from the interests of other stockholders.
We intend to issue more shares to raise capital, which will result in substantial dilution.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of a maximum of 200,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock. Any additional financings effected by us may result in the issuance of additional securities without stockholder approval and the substantial dilution in the percentage of common stock held by our then existing stockholders. Moreover, the securities issued in any such transaction may be valued on an arbitrary or non-arm’s-length basis by our management, resulting in an additional reduction in the percentage of common stock held by our current stockholders on an as converted, fully-diluted basis. Our board of directors has the power to issue any or all of such authorized but unissued shares without stockholder approval. To the extent that additional shares of common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock are issued in connection with a financing, dilution to the interests of our stockholders will occur and the rights of the holder of common stock might be materially and adversely affected.
Anti-takeover provisions that may be in our charter and bylaws may prevent or frustrate attempts by stockholders to change the board of directors or current management and could make a third-party acquisition of us difficult.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may contain provisions that may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. Subject to any series of preferred stock we may issue in the future, we intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, you may have to sell some or all of your shares of our common stock in order to generate cash flow from your investment. You may not receive a gain on your investment when you sell shares and you may lose the entire amount of the investment.
We incur increased costs and demands upon management as a result of being a public company.
As a public company in the United States, we incur significant additional legal, accounting and other costs. These additional costs could negatively affect our financial results. In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including regulations implemented by the SEC and the stock exchange on which we may list our common stock, may increase legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If, notwithstanding our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards, we fail to comply, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.
Failure to comply with these rules might also make it more difficult for us to obtain some types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we might be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these events could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, on committees of our board of directors or as members of senior management.
Failure to establish and maintain an effective system of internal controls could result in material misstatements of our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or fail to prevent fraud in which case, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact the price of our stock. Furthermore, our management and our independent auditors have identified certain internal control deficiencies, which management and our independent auditors believe constitute material weaknesses.
Prior to the Acquisition, Brain Scientific Inc. was a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. Following the Acquisition, we must review and update our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies as our Company continues to evolve. In addition, in connection with the Acquisition and becoming a company that files reports with the SEC, we are required to comply with the internal control evaluation and certification requirements of Section 404 of SOX and management is required to report annually on our internal control over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of SOX until the date we are no longer a “smaller reporting company” as defined by applicable SEC rules.
Any ineffective internal control regarding our financial reporting could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results and the price of our common stock could be negatively affected once we become a registrant required to file registration statements with the SEC. This reporting requirement could also make it more difficult or more costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. Any system of internal controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of the controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulation concerning control and procedures could have a material effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition. Any of these events could result in an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which ultimately could negatively affect the market price of our shares, increase the volatility of our stock price and adversely affect our ability to raise additional funding. The effect of these events could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors and as executive officers.
Our management’s evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 concluded that our controls were not effective, due to material weaknesses resulting from:
● Management did not maintain effective internal controls relating to the accounting closing and financial reporting process pertaining to certain stock transactions and complicated convertible debt instruments;
● The Company has insufficient internal personnel resources and technical accounting and reporting expertise within the Company’s financial closing and reporting functions; and
● Due to our small size, the Company did not maintain effective internal controls to assure proper segregation of duties as the same employee was responsible for initiating and recording of transactions, thereby creating a segregation of duties weakness.
Management believes there is a reasonable possibility that these control deficiencies, if uncorrected, could result in material misstatements in the annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected in a timely manner. Accordingly, we have determined that these control deficiencies constitute material weaknesses. Although the Company is taking steps to remediate the material weaknesses, it currently has limited resources to do so and there can be no assurance that similar incidents can be prevented in the future.
We will need to evaluate our existing internal controls over financial reporting against the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) (the “Framework”) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. During the course of our ongoing evaluation of the internal controls, we may identify other areas requiring improvement, and may have to design enhanced processes and controls to address issues identified through this review. Remediating any deficiencies, significant deficiencies or material weaknesses that we or our independent registered public accounting firm may identify may require us to incur significant costs and expend significant time and management resources. We cannot assure you that any of the measures we implement to remedy any such deficiencies will effectively mitigate or remedy such deficiencies. The existence of one or more material weaknesses could affect the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting. Investors could lose confidence in our financial reports, and the value of our common stock may be harmed, if our internal controls over financial reporting are found not to be effective by management or by an independent registered public accounting firm or if we make disclosure of existing or potential material weaknesses in those controls.
Even if we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our future reporting obligations.
Our reporting obligations as a public company will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. If we fail to timely achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to produce reliable financial reports or help prevent fraud. Our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could prevent us from filing our periodic reports on a timely basis which could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of our common stock.
A significant portion of our total outstanding shares are restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the future. This could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly.
Of the 19,706,086 shares of our common stock currently issued and outstanding, approximately 4.738 million shares are freely tradable without restriction by stockholders who are not our affiliates. We issued or are deemed to have issued an aggregate of approximately 15.6 million shares of our common stock to the former Memory MD, Inc. stockholders and to the holders of convertible promissory notes upon their conversion, among other issuances, in each case, pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and such shares are also “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144. Most if not all of these shares are expected to be registered for resale in 2020, thus allowing the holders to sell their shares on the open market without restriction. In any event, substantially all of these restricted securities may be publicly resold under Rule 144.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports, or publish unfavorable research or reports, about us, our business or our market, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us and our business. Securities or industry analysts may elect not to provide coverage of our common stock, and such lack of coverage may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the event we do not secure additional securities or industry analyst coverage, we will not have any control over the analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. The price of our stock could decline if one or more securities or industry analysts downgrade our stock or issue other unfavorable commentary or research. If one or more securities or industry analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
We may be subject to unknown risks and liabilities which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Before the Acquisition, MemoryMD conducted due diligence on, among other things, the business and financial conditions of All Soft Gels that it believed was customary and appropriate for a transaction such as the Acquisition. However, the due diligence process may not have revealed all material liabilities of the Company then existing or which may be asserted in the future against us relating to the Company’s activities before the consummation of the Acquisition. In addition, the agreement with the Company contains representations with respect to the absence of any liabilities. However, there can be no assurance that the Company had no liabilities upon the closing of the Acquisition. Any such liabilities of the Company that survive the Acquisition Transaction could harm our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, in connection with the Acquisition, the known liabilities existing in All Soft Gels at the time of the Acquisition were cancelled or paid by us, as required by the Merger Agreement. Despite this requirement and the representations and warranties of All Soft Gels in the Merger Agreement, there may be unknown liabilities, or liabilities that were known but believed to be immaterial, related to the business of All Soft Gels that may become material liabilities we are subject to in the future. If we are subject to material liability as a result of the conduct of All Soft Gels, we may have limited recourse for such liabilities, which could have a material impact on our business and stock price.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. Furthermore, the holders of our outstanding convertible notes may exercise their conversion right to convert part or all of the outstanding convertible notes to our common stock at prices that are at discount with the market price of our common stock pursuant to the respective terms of the various convertible promissory notes. If additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, additional shares of common stock are issued at discounted prices from the convertible notes, or perceptions that those sales or conversion could occur, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to investors purchasing our common stock in this offering or result in downward pressure on the price of our common stock, and our ability to raise capital in the future.
General Risks
We are a development stage company with a limited operating history, making it difficult for you to evaluate our business and your investment.
Our operations are subject to all of the risks inherent in the establishment of a new business enterprise, including but not limited to the absence of an operating history, lack of fully-developed or commercialized products, insufficient capital, expected substantial and continual losses for the foreseeable future, limited experience in dealing with regulatory issues, lack of manufacturing and marketing experience, need to rely on third parties for the development and commercialization of our existing and proposed Products, a competitive environment characterized by well-established and well-capitalized competitors and reliance on key personnel.
We may not be successful in carrying out our business objectives. The revenue and income potential of our proposed business and operations are unproven as the lack of operating history makes it difficult to evaluate the future prospects of our business. There is nothing at this time on which to base an assumption that our business operations will prove to be successful or that we will ever be able to operate profitably. Accordingly, we have no track record of successful business activities, strategic decision-making by management, fund-raising ability, and other factors that would allow an investor to assess the likelihood that we will be successful in our business. There is a substantial risk that we will not be successful in fully implementing our business plan, or if initially successful, in thereafter generating material operating revenues or in achieving profitable operations.
Current economic and political conditions make tax rules in any jurisdiction subject to significant change.
We are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes, in both the U.S. and ultimately various jurisdictions outside the U.S. where we intend to operate. We cannot predict the overall impact that changes or revisions to any such tax laws and regulations, whether in in the U.S. or in jurisdictions outside the U.S., may have on our business. We may be subject to ongoing tax audits in various jurisdictions, and the tax authorities conducting such audits may disagree with certain taxation positions we have taken and assess additional taxes. Although we intend to regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits in order to determine the appropriateness of our tax obligations, there can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of these audits, and the actual outcomes of these audits could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.
Economic and political instability around the world could adversely affect our financial condition and business operations.
Economic and political instability around the world may adversely affect our ability to develop, manufacture, market, and sell our Products. Our customers and suppliers may experience financial difficulties or be unable to borrow money to fund their operations which may adversely impact their ability to purchase our Products or services or to pay for our Products on a timely basis, if at all. As with our customers and suppliers, these economic conditions make it more difficult for us to accurately forecast and plan our future business activities. In addition, a significant amount of our trade receivables are with national health care systems in the U.S. and in many foreign countries. Repayment of these receivables is dependent upon the political and financial stability of those countries. In light of domestic and global economic fluctuations, we continue to monitor the creditworthiness of customers located both inside and outside the U.S. Failure to receive payment of all or a significant portion of these receivables could adversely affect our financial condition and business operations.
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE RISKS, BUSINESSES ARE OFTEN SUBJECT TO RISKS NOT FORESEEN OR FULLY APPRECIATED BY MANAGEMENT. IN REVIEWING THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K, POTENTIAL INVESTORS SHOULD KEEP IN MIND THAT THERE MAY BE OTHER POSSIBLE RISKS THAT COULD BE IMPORTANT.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B - UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
N/A

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2 - PROPERTIES
Our principal executive office is located in leased premises of approximately 3,481 square feet at a rental cost of $3,968 per month at 125 Wilbur Place, Suite 170, Bohemia, New York, 11716. We believe that these facilities are adequate for our needs, including providing the space and infrastructure to accommodate our development work based on our current operating plan. We do not own any real estate.
Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a 12-month lease agreement ending December 31, 2020, with a third party in Russia. The Company was paying rent at a rate of 17,900 Rubles ($240) per month.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm business.
We are not currently a party in any legal proceeding or governmental regulatory proceeding nor are we currently aware of any pending or potential legal proceeding or governmental regulatory proceeding proposed to be initiated against us that would have a material adverse effect on us or our business.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4 - MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
N/A
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
There has been no trading market for our common stock since inception. There can be no assurance that a trading market will ever develop or, if such a market does develop, that it will continue. The Company’s stock began trading on March 18, 2020 and is currently quoted on the OTCQB Market under the ticker symbol BRSF.
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reported on OTCQB Market. These prices represent quotations between dealers without adjustment for retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
Quarterly Period Ended High Low
March 31, 2020 $ 3.00 $ 0.02
June 30, 2020 $ 3.01 $ 0.10
September 30, 2020 $ 2.20 $ 0.75
December 31, 2020 $ 1.76 $ 0.87
March 31, 2019 $ n/a $ n/a
June 30, 2019 $ n/a $ n/a
September 30, 2019 $ n/a $ n/a
December 31, 2019 $ n/a $ n/a
We consider our common stock to be thinly traded and, accordingly, reported sales prices or quotations may not be a true market- based valuation of our common stock.
Holders
As of April 12, 2021, 19,706,086 shares of Common Stock were issued and outstanding, which were held by approximately 65 holders of record.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend. We do not anticipate that we will declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to retain earnings, if any, to fund operations, and the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and will be dependent upon our financial condition, operation results, capital requirements, applicable contractual restrictions, restrictions in our organizational documents, and any other factors that our Board deems relevant.
Penny Stock
Our Common Stock is subject to provisions of Section 15(g) and Rule 15g-9 of the Exchange Act, commonly referred to as the “penny stock rule.” Section 15(g) sets forth certain requirements for transactions in penny stock, and Rule 15g-9(d) incorporates the definition of “penny stock” that is found in Rule 3a51-1 of the Exchange Act. The SEC generally defines a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. The Company is subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules.
Since the Common Stock will be deemed to be penny stock, trading in the shares of our common stock is subject to additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell penny stock to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. “Accredited investors” are persons with assets in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 together with their spouse. For transactions covered by these rules, broker-dealers must make a special suitability determination for the purchase of such security and must have the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to the purchase. Additionally, for any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt the rules require the delivery, prior to the first transaction of a risk disclosure document, prepared by the SEC, relating to the penny stock market. A broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stocks held in an account and information to the limited market in penny stocks. Consequently, these rules may restrict the ability of broker-dealer to trade and/or maintain a market in our common stock and may affect the ability of the Company’s stockholders to sell their shares of common stock.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
In August 2018, our board of directors adopted and stockholders approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan.
Under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, we may grant equity based incentive awards, including options, restricted stock, and other stock-based awards, to any directors, employees, advisers, and consultants that provide services to us or any of our subsidiaries on terms and conditions that are from time to time determined by us. An aggregate of up to 3,500,000 of our common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan. There were 1,800,000 outstanding stock option awards held by the named executive officers as of the end of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 as well as 333,972 shares of restricted common stock issued to certain consultants and employees. The purpose of the 2018 Plan is to provide financial incentives for selected directors, employees, advisers, and consultants of the Company and/or its subsidiaries, thereby promoting the long-term growth and financial success of the Company. The board of directors believes that the 2018 Plan will serve a critical role in attracting and retaining high caliber employees, consultants and directors essential to our success and in motivating these individuals to strive to meet our goals.
The table below sets forth information as of December 31, 2020 with respect to compensation plans under which our common stock is authorized for issuance.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Plan Category
Number of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options,
warrants and rights
Weighted-
average
exercise price of
outstanding
options,
warrants and rights
Number of
securities
remaining
available
for
future issuance
under equity
compensation
plans
(excluding securities
reflected in
column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
1,800,000
$ 0.75
1,700,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
-
-
Total
1,800,000
1,700,000
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
On November 13, 2020, the Company entered into a six-month agreement with a consultant to provide services to the Company. As compensation for such services, the Company has agreed to pay the consultant $6,000 in cash and allowed the consultant to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock for a total purchase price of $500. The issuance of the shares was exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act as a transaction not involving a public offering, as the issuance thereof was made to a single person as compensation for services rendered.
All other unregistered issuances of equity securities during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been previously disclosed on our Current Reports on Form 8-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Please see Item 9B - Other Information regarding unregistered issuances of equity securities during the period subsequent to the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6 - SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
This item is not required.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations of Brain Scientific Inc. together with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the “Risk Factors” section of this Report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.
Forward Looking Statements
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information contained in this MD&A includes “forward-looking statements.” Statements which are not historical reflect our current expectations and projections about our future results, performance, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations, prospects and opportunities and are based upon information currently available to us and our management and their interpretation of what is believed to be significant factors affecting our existing and proposed business, including many assumptions regarding future events. Actual results, performance, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations, prospects and opportunities could differ materially and perhaps substantially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements as a result of various risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those risks described in detail in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies, and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “could,” “scheduled,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” “seek,” or “project” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology.
In light of these risks and uncertainties, and especially given the nature of our existing and proposed business, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will in fact occur. Potential investors should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, there is no undertaking to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason.
Overview
We are a neurodiagnostic and predictive technology platform company seeking to provide a centralized platform for data acquisition and analysis of EEG data that combines innovative medical device technologies with cloud-based telehealth services. Both our NeuroCap, a pre-gelled disposable EEG headset, and NeuroEEG, a 16 channel, portable, cloud-enabled data acquisition platform for EEG activity, received FDA clearance to market in 2018.
The Company is not currently offering any data analysis services. The Company is primarily focused on establishing diagnostic protocols to identify pathological risk factors involving the brain, and driving novel insights into cognitive health that support early treatment of neurological disorders.
In 2019, we commenced acting as a distributor of third-party medical devices in Russia (including those purchased from a company affiliated with one of our officers and directors), which resulted in primarily all of our revenue for 2019. Sales in Russia is also the majority of all revenue in 2020 (except for $7,498 that was from sales from the U.S. operating subsidiary). While we intend to continue the sale of third party medical devices, we do not intend for it to be our primary source of revenue in the long-term and expect to curtail or cease this line of operations as, if and when we commence generating material, recurring revenues from our products, of which we can give no assurance. We also can give no assurance that any revenue we generate from so acting as a distributor of third-party medical devices will continue, will continue to be material or will be sufficient to enable us to continue our operations. We have no supply or distribution agreements in place with respect to such business. In the event that we see an opportunity to sell such products, we procure them and then re-sell them.
We have very limited resources. To date, our primary activities have been limited to, and our limited resources have been dedicated to, performing business and financial planning, raising capital, recruiting personnel, negotiating with business partners and the licensors of our intellectual property and conducting development activities, although we have acted as a distributor of third-party medical devices in Russia (including those purchased from a company affiliated with one of our officers and directors) which has generated revenue for us. Our first products, the NeuroCap and NeuroEEG, are ready for commercialization and sale and we have commenced some non-recurring, initial sales. Our other products are still being tested or are still under development.
We have incurred losses since inception and had an accumulated deficit of $7,956,862 as of December 31, 2020, primarily as a result of expenses incurred in connection with our research and development programs and from general and administrative expenses associated with our operations. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating and net losses for the foreseeable future.
Historically, our primary source of cash has been proceeds from the sale of convertible promissory notes. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we issued convertible promissory notes for aggregate gross proceeds of $897,700 and $630,000, respectively, to fund our operations. In addition, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we borrowed an aggregate of $0 and $273,084, respectively, from related parties.
We need to obtain substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds when needed on favorable terms or at all. Our failure to raise such capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to develop and commercialize our products and future products and our ability to pursue our business strategy. See “-Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.
Financial Overview
Revenue
To date, we have generated approximately $1,100,000 of revenue, of which approximately $544,000 was generated in 2020 primarily through our acting as a distributor of third-party medical devices in Russia (including those purchased from a company affiliated with one of our officers and directors) while we continue to commercialize our Products. While we intend to continue generating revenues through the sale of third party medical devices, we do not intend for it to be our primary source of revenue in the long-term. We do not expect to generate recurring, material revenue from our Products unless or until we successfully commercialize our Products. If we fail to successfully commercialize our developed Products or fail to complete the development of any other product candidate we may pursue in the future, in a timely manner, or fail to obtain regulatory approval, we may not be able to solely rely on generating substantial and material revenue from the distribution of third-party medical devices.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for personnel in functions not directly associated with research and development activities. Other significant costs include legal fees relating to corporate matters, intellectual property costs, professional fees for consultants assisting with regulatory, clinical, product development and financial matters, and product costs. We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will significantly increase in the future to support our continued research and development activities, commercialization of our Products, if approved, and the increased costs of operating as a public company. These increases will include increased costs related to the hiring of additional personnel and fees for legal and professional services, as well as other public company related costs.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in performing research and development activities in developing our Products. Research and development expenses include compensation and benefits for research and development employees, overhead expenses, cost of laboratory supplies, clinical trial and related clinical manufacturing expenses, costs related to regulatory operations, fees paid to consultants, and other outside expenses. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and costs incurred by third parties are expensed as the contracted work is performed.
We expect our research and development expenses to significantly increase over the next several years as we develop our Products and conduct preclinical testing and clinical trials and will depend on the duration, costs and timing to complete our preclinical programs and clinical trials.
Interest Expense
Interest expense primarily consists of amortized note issuance costs and interest costs related to the convertible notes we issued in 2020 and 2019. The convertible notes bear interest at fixed rate ranging from 8%-12% per annum.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
The following table sets forth the results of operations of the Company for the years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Years Ended December 31, Period to
Period Change
Revenues $ 544,275 $ 489,202 $ 55,073
Cost of goods sold 409,302 387,194 22,108
Research and development 275,926 103,616 172,310
Professional fees 478,461 255,332 223,129
Sales and marketing 244,774 95,165 149,609
General and administrative 930,138 532,312 397,826
Interest expense (3,526,325 ) (32,922 ) (3,493,403 )
Loss on debt extinguishment (294,301 ) - (294,301 )
Gain on change in fair value of derivatives 1,360,754 - 1,360,754
Other income 8,260 2,108 6,152
Revenues
Revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 was $544,275 compared to $489,202 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we generated primarily all of our revenue through acting as a distributor of third-party medical devices in Russia (including those purchased from a company affiliated with one of our offices and directors), and we did not have any sales of our Products. The increase in revenues in the current year resulted from increased sales of third-party medical devices in Russia.
Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold were $409,302 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $387,194 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in sales of third-party medical devices in Russia.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses were $275,926 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $103,616 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in product development activities.
Professional fees
Professional fees were $478,461 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $255,332 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, professional fees were primarily related to approximately $238,000 in legal expenses and approximately $178,000 in accounting expenses. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, professional fees were primarily related to approximately $96,000 in legal expenses and approximately $108,000 in accounting expenses. The increase in professional fees in the current year was due primarily to increased fund-raising activities and agreements.
Sales and marketing expenses
Sales and marketing expenses were $244,774 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $95,165 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a focus on increasing sales of the Company’s products, and the Company expects that marketing expenses will continue to increase through 2021.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses were $930,138 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $532,312 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, general and administrative expenses were primarily related to approximately $379,000 in payroll related expenses, approximately $76,000 of stock-based compensation, approximately $66,000 in travel costs, approximately $192,000 in consulting fees and approximately $54,000 in insurance expense. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, general and administrative expenses were primarily related to approximately $274,000 in payroll related expenses, approximately $13,000 of stock-based compensation, approximately $48,000 in travel costs, approximately $45,000 in consulting fees and approximately $66,000 in insurance expense. The increase in spending in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to an increase in payroll related expenses and consulting costs.
Interest expense
Interest expense, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 was $3,526,325, the majority of which related to the Company’s convertible and non-convertible promissory notes. Interest expense, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 was $32,922, the majority of which related to the Company’s convertible promissory notes. The increase was due to the issuance of several convertible and non-convertible notes during the year ended December 31, 2020 and debt issuance costs related to those notes.
Other income
Other income for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 was $8,260 compared to $2,108 in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Other income in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 related primarily to a grant received from the Small Business Association. The company recorded $2,108 in other income related to the write of off a payable in the year ended December 31, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
While we have generated revenue in 2020, we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, substantially all of such revenue was generated through acting as a distributor of third-party medical devices in Russia, and we did not have any sales of our Products. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we develop our Products and pursue pre-clinical testing and clinical trials, seek any further regulatory approvals, contract to manufacture any products, establish our own sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize our Products, hire additional staff, add operational, financial and management systems and operate as a public company.
Historically, our primary source of cash has been proceeds from the sale of convertible promissory notes and related party loans.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 we issued $1,072,180 of convertible promissory notes including $64,680 of amendments to a previous note and an additional $320,000 of non-convertible promissory notes. Net cash proceeds from those notes totaled $1,182,700. Several of the aforementioned notes were issued with attached warrants.
We have also from time to time issued shares of our common stock to individuals and entities as payment for services rendered to us in lieu of cash.
We have no current source of revenue to sustain our present activities other than as acting as a distributor of medical devices in Russia (including those purchased from a company affiliated with one of our offices and directors), which is not our primary business goal, and we do not expect to generate material revenue, from our Products until, and unless, the FDA or other regulatory authorities approve our Products under development and we successfully commercialize our Products. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through our distributorship revenue, a combination of equity (preferred stock or common stock) and debt financings as well as collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. We do not have any committed external source of funds. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third-party partners, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our Product development, future commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market our cortical strip, grid electrode and depth electrode technology that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
Our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, noting the existence of substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. This uncertainty arose from management’s review of our results of operations and financial condition and its conclusion that, based on our operating plans, we did not have sufficient existing working capital to sustain operations for a period of twelve months from the date of the issuance of these financial statements.
We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, without raising additional funds or generating revenues, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses only to approximately May 2021.
During 2019, we raised $630,000 from issuances of convertible promissory notes. During 2020 we raised a total of $1,182,700 from issuances of convertible and non-convertible promissory notes. We recently launched a Regulation A+ offering pursuant to which the Company is offering up to a maximum of 1,111,111 units, with each unit consisting of five shares of common stock, par value $0.001, and a warrant to purchase one share of common stock, par value $0.001, at an offering price of $9.00 per unit or $1.80 per share of common stock, for a maximum aggregate offering of $10,000,000, the success of which cannot by assured by the Company. We may obtain additional financing in the future through the issuance of our common stock, through other equity or debt financings or through collaborations or partnerships with other companies. We may not be able to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and any failure to raise capital as and when needed could compromise our ability to execute on our business plan.
The development of our Products is subject to numerous uncertainties, and we have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be substantially different than we currently anticipate and could use our cash resources sooner than we expect. Additionally, the process of developing medical devices is costly, and the timing of progress in pre-clinical tests and clinical trials is uncertain. Our ability to successfully transition to profitability will be dependent upon achieving a level of Product sales adequate to support our cost structure. We cannot assure you that we will ever be profitable or generate positive cash flow from operating activities.
Net cash used in operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $1,173,409 for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $854,726 for the year ended December 31, 2019. This fluctuation is primarily due to an increase in net loss of $3,280,920, an increase in change in fair value of derivatives of $1,360,754 in fiscal 2020 partially offset by increases in amortization of debt discount and non-cash interest expense of $3,312,733 and accounts payable and accounts payable related party of approximately $556,863 in the year ended December 31, 2020.
Net cash used in investing activities
There was no cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,005 for the year ended December 31, 2019 and consisted of the purchase of property and equipment.
Net cash provided by financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,189,367 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which consisted of the sale of the Company’s convertible promissory notes for aggregate gross proceeds of $897,700 proceeds from non-convertible notes in the amount of $285,000, and the proceeds of $6,667 from a Small Business Association loan.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $953,238 for the year ended December 31, 2019, which primarily consisted of the sale of the Company’s convertible promissory notes for aggregate gross proceeds of $630,000 and proceeds from related party loans in the amount of $273,084.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the balance sheets and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. In accordance with GAAP, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances at the time such estimates are made. Actual results may differ materially from our estimates and judgments under different assumptions or conditions. We periodically review our estimates in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. The effects of material revisions in estimates are reflected in our financial statements prospectively from the date of the change in estimate.
While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Report, we believe the following are the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements that require significant estimates and judgments.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the estimates of useful lives for depreciation and assumptions used in the valuation of options and warrants.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value hierarchy has been established for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
● Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
● Level 2 Inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
● Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.
Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings. The fair value of current financial assets and current financial liabilities approximates their carrying value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments.
Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, as required by the accounting standard for income taxes, ASC 740. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Stock Based Compensation. The Company accounts for the grant of restricted stock awards in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” ASC 718 requires companies to recognize in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of equity based compensation. The expense is recognized over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the compensation. Any remaining unrecognized balance will be recognized ratably over the life of the vesting period and is a reduction of stockholders’ equity.
The Company accounts for non-employee share-based awards in accordance with the measurement and recognition criteria of ASC 505-50 “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.”
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Changes to Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements,” which will improve the effectiveness of disclosure requirements for recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements. The standard removes, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements and is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2020. This standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
This item is not required for a smaller reporting company.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Brain Scientific Inc.:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Brain Scientific Inc. (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, cash flows and stockholders’ deficit for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2020 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph Regarding Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a net capital deficiency that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) related to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgements. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Determination and Valuation of Derivative Liabilities
As described further in Notes 5 and 6 of the financial statements, during the year ended December 31, 2020 and in prior periods, the Company issued convertible promissory notes and warrants that required management to assess whether the conversion features of the convertible notes required bifurcation and separate valuation as a derivative liability and whether the warrants required accounting as derivative liabilities. The Company determined that the conversion features of certain of its convertible notes and certain warrants issued in financing arrangements required to be accounted for as derivative liabilities due to: (1) the variable conversion features in certain instruments did not contain an explicit limit on the number of shares that could be required to be issued to settle the instrument; and (2) with certain instruments the Company could not assert it had sufficient authorized but unissued shares available to settle instruments considering all other stock-based commitments. The derivative liabilities were recorded at fair value when issued and subsequently re-measured to fair value upon settlement or at the end of each reporting period. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo valuation model for certain derivative instruments and the Black Scholes Merton model for others to determine the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Both of these models use certain assumptions such as exercise price, term, expected volatility, and risk-free interest rate.
We identified auditing the determination and valuation of the derivative liabilities as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgements used by the Company in determining whether the embedded conversion features and warrants required derivative accounting treatment and the significant judgements used in determining the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Auditing the determination and valuation of the derivative liabilities involved a high degree of auditor judgement, and specialized skills and knowledge were needed.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures included the following, among others:
· We inspected and reviewed debt agreements, warrant agreements, conversion notices, and other documents to evaluate the Company's determination of whether derivative accounting was required, including assessing and evaluating management's application of relevant accounting standards to such transactions.
· We evaluated the reasonableness of the valuation model used for each specific instrument based off the terms and features of such instrument.
· We tested the reasonableness of the assumptions used by the Company in the valuation models used, including exercise price, expected term, expected volatility, and risk-free interest rate.
· We tested the accuracy and completeness of data used by the Company in developing the assumptions used in the valuation models.
· We developed an independent expectation for comparison to the Company's estimate, which included developing our own Monte Carlo Simulation model and Black-Scholes Merton model.
· We evaluated the accuracy and completeness of the Company's presentation of these instruments in the financial statements and related disclosures in Notes 5, 6, and 7, including evaluating whether such disclosures were in accordance with relevant accounting standards.
Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were utilized by the Firm to assist in the evaluation of the Company estimate of fair value and the development of our own independent expectation.
/s/ Sadler, Gibb & Associates, LLC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.
Draper, UT
April 15, 2021
Brain Scientific Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
December 31,
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash $ 272,856 $ 261,436
Accounts receivable, net 1,460 5,555
Inventory, net 1,461 -
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 93,807 21,637
Prepaid expenses and other current assets - related party
Operating lease right-of-use asset 69,632 -
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 439,916 289,328
Property and equipment, net 1,674
TOTAL ASSETS $ 440,218 $ 291,002
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 994,908 $ 298,578
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related party 6,600 9,263
Notes payable, net 72,466 50,000
Convertible notes payable, net 1,192,804 499,232
Derivative liabilities 2,562,942 -
Finance lease - short term 4,595 6,377
Loans payable 6,667 -
Loans payable - related party 322,991 323,084
Operating lease liability, current portion 41,793 -
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES: 5,205,766 1,186,534
Operating lease liability, net of current portion 31,276 -
TOTAL LIABILITIES 5,237,042 1,186,534
Commitments and contingencies - -
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively - -
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized, 19,628,258 and 19,380,460 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively 19,628 19,381
Additional paid in capital 3,144,490 2,756,798
Accumulated deficit (7,956,862 ) (3,672,077 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (4,080 )
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (4,796,824 ) (895,532 )
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT $ 440,218 $ 291,002
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Brain Scientific Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Years Ended December 31,
REVENUE $ 544,275 $ 489,202
COST OF GOODS SOLD 409,302 387,194
GROSS PROFIT 134,973 102,008
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
Research and development 275,926 103,616
Professional fees 478,461 255,332
Sales and marketing expenses 244,774 95,165
Occupancy expenses 38,870 85,771
General and administrative expenses 930,138 532,312
TOTAL SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE 1,968,169 1,072,196
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS (1,833,196 ) (970,188 )
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Interest expense (3,526,325 ) (32,922 )
Other income 8,260 2,108
Other expense - (597 )
Loss on debt extinguishment (294,301 ) -
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities 1,360,754 -
Foreign currency transaction loss (52 )
TOTAL OTHER EXPENSE (2,451,589 ) (31,463 )
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES (4,284,785 ) (1,001,651 )
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES - (2,214 )
NET LOSS (4,284,785 ) (1,003,865 )
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Foreign currency translation adjustment (4,446 )
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS $ (4,289,231 ) $ (1,003,499 )
NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic and diluted $ (0.22 ) $ (0.05 )
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic and diluted 19,439,141 19,236,380
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Brain Scientific Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Common Stock Additional
Paid-in Accumulated Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Shares Amount Capital Deficit Income Total
Balances at December 31, 2019 19,380,460 $ 19,381 $ 2,756,798 $ (3,672,077 ) $ 366 $ (895,532 )
Fair value of stock options vested - - 30,207 - - 30,207
Issuance of common stock for services 147,798 207,585 - - 207,732
Common stock issued in debt extinguishment 100,000 149,900 - - 150,000
Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - - (4,446 ) (4,446 )
Net loss - - - (4,284,785 ) - (4,284,785 )
Balances at December 31, 2020 19,628,258 $ 19,628 $ 3,144,490 $ (7,956,862 ) $ (4,080 ) $ (4,796,824 )
Balance at December 31, 2018 19,205,624 $ 19,206 $ 2,595,034 $ (2,668,212 ) $ - $ (53,972 )
Fair value of stock options vested - - 12,797 - - 12,797
Fair value of warrants issued in connection with convertible debt - - 130,768 - - 130,768
Capital contribution and write off of related party accounts payable - - - -
Issuance of common stock for services 174,836 17,546 - - 17,721
Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - -
Net loss - - - (1,003,865 ) - (1,003,865 )
Balances at December 31, 2019 19,380,460 $ 19,381 $ 2,756,798 $ (3,672,077 ) $ 366 $ (895,532 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Brain Scientific Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31,
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss $ (4,284,785 ) $ (1,003,865 )
Change in net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense 1,372 1,330
Amortization of debt discount and non-cash interest expense 3,312,733 -
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (1,360,754 ) -
Loss on debt extinguishment 294,301 -
Fair value of stock options vested 30,207 12,797
Common stock issued for services 207,732 17,720
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 4,095 (5,555 )
Inventory (1,461 ) (7,085 )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (72,170 ) (700 )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 696,330 159,441
Accounts payable - related party (2,663 ) (22,637 )
Other liabilities (1,782 ) (6,172 )
Operating lease liabilities, net 3,436 -
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES $ (1,173,409 ) $ (854,726 )
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment $ - $ (1,005 )
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES $ - $ (1,005 )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from convertible notes payable $ 897,700 $ 630,000
Proceeds from note payable 285,000 50,000
Proceeds from loans payable 6,667 273,084
Capital contribution - related party -
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES $ 1,189,367 $ 953,238
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (4,538 )
NET CHANGE IN CASH 11,420 97,873
CASH AT BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 261,436 163,563
CASH AT END OF THE YEAR $ 272,856 $ 261,436
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest $ 9,867 $ -
Cash paid for taxes $ - $ -
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Discounts related to warrants issued in connection with convertible debentures $ - $ 130,768
Debt discount and derivative liability associated with convertible and non-convertible notes payable $ 1,330,752 $ -
Write off of related party accounts payable $ - $ 500
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Brain Scientific Inc. (the “Company”), was incorporated under the laws of the state of Nevada on November 18, 2013 under the name All Soft Gels Inc. The Company on September 21, 2018 acquired MemoryMD, Inc. (“MemoryMD”), a privately held Delaware corporation formed in February 2015. Upon completion of the acquisition, MemoryMD is treated as the surviving entity and accounting acquirer although the Company was the legal acquirer. Accordingly, the Company’s historical financial statements are those of MemoryMD, the surviving entity and accounting acquirer. MemoryMD is a cloud computing, data analytics and medical device technology company in the NeuroTech and brain monitoring industries seeking to commercialize its EEG devices and caps. The Company is headquartered in New York.
Reverse Merger and Corporate Restructure
On September 21, 2018, the Company entered into a merger agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with MemoryMD and AFGG Acquisition Corp. to acquire MemoryMD (the “Acquisition”). The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were consummated on September 21, 2018 and, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, all outstanding shares of MemoryMD were exchanged for shares of the Company’s common stock. Accordingly, the Company acquired 100% of MemoryMD in exchange for the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock and MemoryMD became the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary. The Company issued an additional 4,083,252 shares of its common stock upon the automatic conversion at the closing of an aggregate of $1,507,000 principal amount plus accrued interest of outstanding convertible promissory notes issued by MemoryMD, and it further issued an additional 1,604,378 shares of its common stock upon the automatic conversion immediately subsequent to the closing of an aggregate of $640,000 principal amount plus accrued interest of outstanding convertible promissory notes issued by MemoryMD. Furthermore, as of the closing, Mr. Amer Samad, the sole director and executive officer until the consummation of the Acquisition, committed to tender for cancellation 6,495,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of the conditions to closing, of which 6,375,000 have been cancelled at December 31, 2018 and 120,000 are expected to be cancelled as soon as practicable. Total shares issued as a result of the Acquisition was 13,421,752.
The Acquisition has been accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of Brain Scientific by MemoryMD, but in substance as a capital transaction, rather than a business combination since Brain Scientific had nominal or no operations and assets prior to and as of the closing of the Acquisition. The transaction is deemed a reverse recapitalization and the accounting is similar to that resulting from a reverse acquisition, except that no goodwill or other intangible assets should be recorded. For accounting purposes, MemoryMD is treated as the surviving entity and accounting acquirer although Brain Scientific was the legal acquirer. Accordingly, the Company’s historical financial statements are those of MemoryMD.
All references to common stock, share and per share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse recapitalization as if the transaction had taken place as of the beginning of the earliest period presented.
Assignment and Assumption Agreement
As of immediately prior to the closing of the Acquisition, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Chromium 24 LLC, pursuant to which Chromium 24 LLC assumed all of the Company’s remaining assets and liabilities through the closing of the Acquisition. Accordingly, as of the closing of the Acquisition, Brain Scientific had no assets or liabilities other than the shares of MemoryMD acquired in the Acquisition.
Name Change and Increase in Authorized Shares
On September 18, 2018, the Company filed an amendment to its certificate of incorporation with the Nevada Secretary of State to change its name to Brain Scientific Inc. On September 18, 2018, FINRA approved of the name change as well as a ticker symbol change, which was effective as of September 19, 2018. In addition, the Company increased its authorized shares of common stock from 50,000,000 to 200,000,000 and created and authorized 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock.
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company evaluates the need to consolidate affiliates based on standards set forth in ASC 810 Consolidation (“ASC 810”).
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, MemoryMD and MemoryMD - Russia. The operations of the newly formed 100% wholly owned subsidiaries, MemoryMD - Russia and MemoryMD Europe, are included beginning April 1, 2019 and July 1, 2019, respectively. All significant consolidated transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the useful life of property and equipment and assumptions used in the valuation of options and warrants.
The Effects of COVID-19
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic on January 30, 2020. Since the outbreak in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has expanded its impact to Europe, where all of our operations reside, as well as our employees, suppliers and customers. While the disruption is currently expected to be temporary, there is considerable uncertainty around the duration of the closings and shelter-in-place orders and the ultimate impact of governmental initiatives. However, the financial impact and duration cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid temporary cash investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no cash equivalents.
The Company’s cash is held with financial institutions, and the account balances may, at times, exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limit. Accounts are insured by the FDIC up to $250,000 per financial institution. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts with these financial institutions. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $22,856 and $11,436, respectively, in excess over the FDIC insurance limit.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value and are reviewed for collectibility on an ongoing basis. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not recognize any allowances for doubtful accounts.
Inventory
Inventory consists of finished goods that are valued at lower of cost or market using the weighted average method. As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had inventory totaling $1,461 and $0, respectively.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Expenditures for repair and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Property and equipment consisted of computer equipment, with an estimated useful life of three years.
Convertible Notes Payable
The Company has issued convertible notes, which contain variable conversion features, whereby the outstanding principal and accrued interest automatically convert into common shares at a fixed price which may be a discount to the common stock at the time of conversion. Some of the conversion features of these notes are contingent upon future events, whereby, the holder agreed not to convert until the contingent future event has occurred.
Derivative Instruments
The Company evaluates its convertible notes and warrants to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is recorded as a liability and marked-to-market each balance sheet date. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value is recorded in the statements of operations as other income or expense. Upon conversion or exercise of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then that fair value is reclassified to equity.
The Company utilizes the Monte Carlo Method that values the liability of the debt conversion feature, derivative financial instruments and derivative warrants in cases where there may be multiple embedded features or the features of the bifurcated derivatives may be so complex that a Black-Scholes valuation does not consider all of the terms of the instrument. Therefore, the fair value may not be appropriately captured by simple models. The Monte Carlo technique applied generates many possible (but random) price paths for the underlying (or underlyings) via simulation, and then calculates the associated payment value of the derivative features. The price of the underlying common stock is modeled such that it follows a geometric Brownian motion with constant drift, and constant volatility. The stock price is determined by a random sampling from a normal distribution. Since the underlying random process is the same, for enough price paths, the value of derivative is derived from path dependent scenarios and outcomes.
The Company also applied a Black Scholes (“BSM”) analysis for the tainted notes and tainted warrants with simple fixed conversion and exercise prices. The BSM derivative valuation assumes these tainted securities are held till maturity.
From time to time, certain of the Company’s embedded conversion features on debt and outstanding warrants have been treated as derivative liabilities for accounting purposes under ASC 815 due to insufficient authorized shares to fully settle conversion features of the instruments if exercised. In this case, the Company utilized the latest inception date sequencing method to reclassify outstanding instruments as derivative instruments. These contracts were recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings until such time as the conditions giving rise to such derivative liability classification were settled.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding lease liability. Lessor accounting under the standard is substantially unchanged. Additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures are also required. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 using the cumulative-effect adjustment transition method, which applies the provisions of the standard at the effective date without adjusting the comparative periods presented. The Company adopted the following practical expedients and elected the following accounting policies related to this standard update:
● Short-term lease accounting policy election allowing lessees to not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less.
● The option to not separate lease and non-lease components for certain equipment lease asset categories such as freight car, vehicles and work equipment.
As a result of the above, the adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue by applying the following steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. Once the steps are met, revenue is recognized, generally upon receiving a letter of acceptance from the customer. There has been no material effect on the Company’s financial statements as a result of adopting Topic 606.
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of NeuroCaps, as well as revenue from the sale of goods purchased through manufacturers of medical devices. Primarily all revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is from the sale of medical devices purchased from Neurotech, a related party.
Research and Development
The Company expenses all research and development costs as they are incurred. Research and development includes expenditures in connection with in-house research and development salaries and staff costs, application and filing for regulatory approval of proposed products, regulatory and scientific consulting fees, as well as contract research, data collection, and monitoring, related to the research and development of the cloud infrastructure, data imaging, and proprietary products and technology. Research and development costs recognized in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $275,926 and $103,616, respectively.
Sales and Marketing
Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and marketing costs recognized in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $244,774 and $95,165, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payments at fair value over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the weighted average fair value of options and warrants. Equity-based compensation expense is recorded in administrative expenses based on the classification of the employee or vendor. The determination of fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as by assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon exercise of common stock equivalents such as stock options, warrants and convertible debt instruments. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. As a result, the basic and diluted per share amounts for all periods presented are identical. In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 7,415,040 and 1,502,250, respectively, of anti-dilutive securities were excluded from the computation.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments are measured and recorded at fair value based on inputs and assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining fair value, management considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact, and also considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of non-performance.
Fair value is determined for assets and liabilities using a three-tiered value hierarchy into which these assets and liabilities are grouped based upon significant inputs as follows:
● Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
● Level 2 - Observable inputs, other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
● Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within Level 3, the determination is based upon the lack of significance of the observable parameters to the overall fair value measurement. However, the fair value determination for Level 3 financial instruments may consider some observable market inputs.
The lowest level of significant input determines the placement of the entire fair value measurement in the hierarchy. The carrying values of cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, convertible notes, accounts payable, loans payable and due to others approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these items.
The Company did not have any Level 1 or Level 2 assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and the Company did not have any other Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2019.
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
Financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below and disclosed on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020.
Liabilities Amounts at
Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Derivative liability - conversion feature $ 345,708 $ - $ - $ 345,708
Derivative liability - warrants 2,217,234 - - 2,217,234
Total $ 2,562,942 $ - $ - $ 2,562,942
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset-and-liability method in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes”. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods.
The Company follows the guidance in ASC Topic 740-10 in assessing uncertain tax positions. The standard applies to all tax positions and clarifies the recognition of tax benefits in the financial statements by providing for a two-step approach of recognition and measurement. The first step involves assessing whether the tax position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination based upon its technical merits. The second step involves measurement of the amount to be recognized. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate finalization with the taxing authority. The Company recognizes the impact of an uncertain income tax position in the financial statements if it believes that the position is more likely than not to be sustained by the relevant taxing authority. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to tax positions in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had no unrecognized uncertain income tax positions.
Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company does not believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption.
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses at the point a loss is probable to occur, rather than expected to occur, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for credit losses. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of 2020 and the adoption did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 - GOING CONCERN
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern for a period of one year from the issuance of these financial statements. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had $544,275 in revenues, a net loss of $4,284,785 and had net cash used in operations of $1,173,409. Additionally, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had working capital deficit, stockholders’ deficit and accumulated deficit of $4,765,850, $4,796,824 and $7,956,862, respectively. It is management’s opinion that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months from the date of the issuance of these financial statements.
The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Successful completion of the Company’s development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations are dependent upon future events, including obtaining adequate financing to fulfill its development activities, acceptance of the Company’s patent applications and ultimately achieving a level of sales adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. However, there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure additional equity investments or achieve an adequate sales level.
NOTE 4 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment, net consists of the following:
December 31,
December 31,
Computer equipment $ 4,105 $ 4,105
Less: Accumulated depreciation (3,807 ) (2,431 )
Total $ 302 $ 1,674
Depreciation expense was $1,372 and $1,330 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
NOTE 5 - CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE
January 2019 Debt Offering
In January 2019, the Company commenced an offering of up to $500,000 pursuant to which the Company will issue convertible notes to investors. On January 18, 2019, February 5, 2019 and July 23, 2019, the Company issued three such convertible notes payable to three investors for $100,000, $130,000 and $150,000, respectively. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 10% per annum, computed based on a 360-day year and mature on the earlier of one year from the date of issuance or the consummation of an equity or equity-linked round of financing of the Company in excess of $1,000,000 (“Qualified Financing”) or other event pursuant to which conversion shares are to be issued pursuant to the terms of the note. On February 28, 2020, the Company and the holder of the January 18, 2019 convertible note agreed to extend the maturity date of the January 18, 2019 convertible note to January 18, 2021. On February 24, 2021, the January 18, 2019 convertible note was further extended to January 18, 2022. On February 28, 2020, the Company and the holder of the February 5, 2019 convertible note agreed to extend the maturity date of the February 5, 2019 convertible note to February 5, 2021. On February 24, 2021, the February 5, 2019 convertible note was further extended to February 5, 2022. On July 22, 2020 the Company and the holder of the July 23, 2019 convertible note agreed to extend the maturity date of July 23, 2020 to February 21, 2021. On February 24, 2021, the July 23, 2019 convertible note was further extended to February 21, 2022.
The notes are convertible into common stock of the Company following events on the following terms: with no action on the part of the note holder upon the consummation of a Qualified Financing, the debt will be converted to new round stock based on the product of the outstanding principal and accrued interest multiplied by 1.35, then divided by the accrual per share price of the new round common stock. If a change of control occurs or if the Company completes a firmly underwritten public offering of its common stock prior to the Qualified Financing the notes would, at the election of the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal of the notes, be either payable on demand as of the closing of such change of control or Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) or convertible into shares of common stock immediately prior to such change of control transaction or IPO transaction at a price per share equal to the lesser of the per share value of the common stock as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors or the per share consideration to be received by the holders of the common stock in such change of control or IPO transaction. Based on the terms of the conversion, the holders may receive a discount, and the notes are considered to have a contingent beneficial conversion feature. If conversion of the debt occurs, the Company will recognize an expense related to the intrinsic value. The Company recorded $66,035 of accrued interest and has a total outstanding principal balance of $380,000 as of December 31, 2020.
In the event that the Company consummates a financing prior to the maturity date, other than a Qualified Financing, and the economic terms thereof are more favorable to the investors in such financing than the terms of the note, the note shall automatically be amended to reflect such more favorable economic terms.
December 31, 2019 Securities Purchase Agreement
On December 31, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement and issued and sold to a third party a Convertible Note in the original principal amount of $275,000 (the “Note”), and a warrant to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrant”). The aggregate purchase price received by the Company was $250,000 after an original issue discount of $25,000. A one-time interest charge of 8% was applied on December 31, 2019 and will be payable, along with the Principal, on July 31, 2020 (the “Maturity Date”), as may be extended at the option of the Investor.
The unpaid outstanding principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest under the Note shall be convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at any time at the option of the investor. The conversion price shall be equal to 80% multiplied by the price per share paid by the investors in the next capital raising transaction consummated by the Company in the amount of $1,000,000 or more (the “Qualified Financing”), subject to adjustments as provided in the Note. In the event the investor elects to convert the Note prior to a Qualified Financing, the conversion price shall be the effective exercise price per share from time to time pursuant to the Warrant. At any time prior to the maturity date of the Note, upon 10 business days’ notice to the investor, the Company shall have the right to pre-pay the entire remaining principal amount of the Note subject to the pre-payment terms contained in the Note.
The Note contains a price-based anti-dilution provision, pursuant to which the conversion price of the Note shall be reduced upon the occurrence of certain dilutive issuances of Company securities as set forth in the Note. The conversion of the Note is also subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. In the event the Company, prior to the maturity date of the Note, issues any Security (as defined in the Note) with any term more favorable to the holder of such Security or with a term in favor of the holder of such Security that was not similarly provided to the Investor, then at the Investor’s option such term shall become a part of the Note. The Company also agreed to provide piggy-back registration rights to the investor pursuant to which the Company shall include all shares issuable upon conversion of the Note on the next registration statement the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Note contains events of default which, among other things, entitle the Investor to accelerate the due date of the unpaid principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the Note. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the outstanding balance shall immediately and automatically increase to 130% of the outstanding balance immediately prior to the event of default, and the conversion price of the Note shall be redefined to equal 65% of the lowest trade accruing during the 10 consecutive Trading Days (as defined in the Note) immediately preceding the applicable Conversion Date (as defined in the Note). Nickolay Kukekov, a director of the Company, and a third party, each has personally guaranteed the repayment of the Note.
The Warrant has an exercise price of $1.25 per share (the “Exercise Price”), subject to adjustments as provided in the Warrant, and has a term of five years. The Warrant contains a price-based anti-dilution provision, pursuant to which the exercise price of the Warrant shall be reduced upon the occurrence of certain dilutive issuances of securities as set forth in the Warrant, with a corresponding increase in the number of shares underlying the Warrant if the dilutive event occurs during the first three years of the Warrant, and a cashless exercise provision. The exercise of the Warrant is subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The Company calculated the Warrants at fair value of $130,768 using the Monte Carlo model, which was recognized as a discount to the Note and is being amortized as interest expense over the remaining term of the notes. The Note is considered a derivative liability due to the variable market-based conversion price upon default. The Warrant is accounted for as a discount to the Note, and therefore fair valued and recorded as a derivative liability as well. On March 18, 2020, the Warrant was revalued and recorded as a derivative liability in the amount of $255,899. On December 31, 2020, the Warrant derivative was valued at $109,026. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a gain on the change in fair market value of derivative liabilities in the amount of $146,873 in relation to the Warrant derivative.
On August 5, 2020, the Company entered into an Allonge to the Convertible Note, dated as of August 8, 2020, which amended the Note. The allonge amended the Note by, among other things, extending the maturity date of the loan until October 31, 2020. As consideration for the allonge, the original principal amount was increased by ten percent, and the Company agreed to issue 50,000 shares of its common stock to the investor that were valued at fair market value of $75,000. The Company evaluated the allonge for debt modification in accordance with ASC 470-50 and concluded that the debt qualified for debt extinguishment as the 10% cash flow test was met. As a result, the $297,000 of principal and accrued interest was written off, new debt was recorded at fair value as of August 5, 2020 in the amount of $324,500 and the Company recorded a net loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $176,467.
On October 29, 2020, the Company entered into a second Allonge to the Convertible Note which amended the Note. The allonge amended the Note by, among other things, extending the maturity date of the loan until January 31, 2021. As consideration for the allonge, the original principal amount was increased by ten percent, and the Company agreed to issue 50,000 shares of its common stock to the investor that were valued at fair market value of $75,000. The Company evaluated the allonge for debt modification in accordance with ASC 470-50 and concluded that the debt qualified for debt extinguishment as the 10% cash flow test was met. As a result, the $324,500 of principal and accrued interest was written off, new debt was recorded at fair value as of October 29, 2020 in the amount of $359,370 and the Company recorded a net loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $115,524.
On December 28, 2020, the Company issued a non-convertible promissory note with interest terms that were more favorable than the terms of the Convertible Note. As a result of that issuance, certain abovementioned terms of the Convertible Note were triggered which reset the interest rate of the Convertible Note to 12%. The effect of the interest rate reset resulted in increases of $2,310 to the balance of the Convertible Note, $11,000 of accrued interest, $11,000 of interest expense and $2,310 of loss on extinguishment of debt. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a net loss on extinguishment of debt in the amount of $294,301. The Company has a total outstanding principal balance under the Note of $339,680 and $33,000 of accrued interest as of December 31, 2020.
In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a total debt discount of $155,768 related to the above convertible notes. During the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company recorded an additional debt discount of $176,274 related to the above convertible notes. Amortization of the debt discount is recorded as interest expense and a total of $332,042 was amortized during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Subsequent to the balance sheet date, due to the partial conversion of an outstanding convertible loan, certain anti-dilution provisions were triggered, resulting in the reset of the warrant amounts, warrant exercise price and the conversion price. Please see Note 15.
Convertible Grid Notes
On April 21, 2020, the Company issued a Convertible Grid Promissory Note (the “Caleca Note”) to Thomas J. Caleca (“Caleca”), an existing stockholder of the Company, pursuant to which Caleca agreed to advance to the Company the aggregate principal amount of $125,000 (the “Caleca Aggregate Advance”). The Company also issued to Caleca a common stock purchase warrant (the “Caleca Warrant”), granting Caleca the right to purchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.80 (subject to adjustment as set forth in the Caleca Warrant).
Also on April 21, 2020, the Company issued a Convertible Grid Promissory Note (the “Brown Note”, and together with the Caleca Note, the “Grid Notes”) to Andrew Brown (“Brown”, and together with Caleca, the “Grid Investors”), an existing stockholder of the Company, pursuant to which Brown agreed to advance to the Company the aggregate principal amount of $125,000 (the “Brown Aggregate Advance”, and together with the Caleca Aggregate Advance, the “Aggregate Advance”). The Company also issued to Brown a common stock purchase warrant (the “Brown Warrant”, and together with the Caleca Warrant, the “Grid Warrants”), granting Brown the right to purchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.80 (subject to adjustment as set forth in the Brown Warrant). The Grid Warrants are exercisable at any time commencing on the eighteen-month anniversary of the issuance of the Grid Warrants (as may be accelerated pursuant to the terms of the Grid Warrants) and expiring on the five-year anniversary of the issuance of the Grid Warrants.
On April 22, 2020, the Grid Investors each made their first cash advance of $25,000 pursuant to the terms of the Grid Notes, for an aggregate cash advance to the Company of $50,000 (the “First Advance”). The Grid Investors made additional cash advances to the Company pursuant to the terms of their Grid Notes. As of December 31, 2020, a total of $250,000 in principal was advanced to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded debt discount of $233,893 related to the Grid Notes. Amortization of the debt discount is recorded as interest expense and a total of $159,917 was amortized during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The Grid Notes bear interest on the unpaid balances at a fixed simple rate of twelve percent (12%) per annum (subject to a rate increase if the Company commits an Event of Default (as defined in the Grid Notes)), computed based on a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months, commencing on the date of the respective advance and payable quarterly. The principal amount of the Aggregate Advance, or so much thereof as has been advanced to the Company by the Grid Investors from time to time pursuant to the Grid Notes, will be payable on April 21, 2021, unless sooner converted into shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the terms of the Grid Notes. The Company recorded $17,532 of accrued interest and has a total outstanding principal balance of $250,000 as of December 31, 2020.
The unpaid outstanding principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest under the Grid Notes shall be convertible at any time prior to the maturity date of the Grid Notes at the election of the Grid Investors into such number of shares of the Company’s common stock obtained by dividing the amount so converted by $1.00 (the “Conversion Price”). At the maturity date of the Grid Notes, all of the remaining unpaid outstanding principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest (the “Outstanding Balance”) under the Grid Notes shall automatically convert into such number of shares of the Company’s common stock obtained by dividing the Outstanding Balance by the Conversion Price. The Grid Notes may not be prepaid by the Company in whole or in part without the prior written consent of the respective Grid Investor.
The Grid Notes contain customary events of default, which, if uncured, entitle the Grid Investors to accelerate the due date of the unpaid principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, their Grid Notes.
September 1, 2020 Securities Purchase Agreement
On September 1, 2020 (the “September 1 Issuance Date”), the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement and issued and sold to an investor an 8% Convertible Redeemable Note in the original principal amount of $157,500 (the “September 1 Note”). The net amount received by the Company for the sale of the September 1 Note was $142,500 after an original issue discount of $15,000 and after payment of the investor’s legal fees.
The September 1 Note bears interest commencing on the September 1 Issuance Date at a fixed rate of 8% per annum on any unpaid principal balance, and will be payable, along with the principal amount, on September 1, 2021, unless such interest is earlier converted into shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the conversion terms contained in the September 1 Note. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded debt discount of $157,500 related to the September 1 Note. Amortization of the debt discount is recorded as interest expense and a total of $54,370 was amortized during the year ended December 31, 2020. On December 28, 2020, the Company issued a non-convertible promissory note with interest terms that were more favorable than the terms of the Convertible Note. As a result of that issuance, certain terms of the Convertible Note mentioned below were triggered which reset the interest rate of the Convertible Note to 12%. The Company recorded $6,471 of accrued interest and has a total outstanding principal balance of $157,500 as of December 31, 2020.
The unpaid outstanding principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest under the September 1 Note shall be convertible into shares of common stock at any time on or after the September 1 Issuance Date at the option of the investor. The conversion price shall be equal to 60% of the lowest closing bid price for the common stock, subject to certain exceptions and adjustments contained in the September 1 Note, for the fifteen prior trading day period. From the September 1 Issuance Date until 180 days after the September 1 Issuance Date, upon 3 days’ notice to the investor, the Company shall have the right to pre-pay the entire remaining principal amount of the September 1 Note, subject to the pre-payment terms contained in the September 1 Note.
The conversion of the September 1 Note is subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99% (or 9.9% upon notice of the investor) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. The September 1 Note is further subject to a “most-favored nation” clause in the event the Company offers a more favorable conversion discount, interest rate, look back period or other more favorable term to another party for any financings while the September 1 Note is in effect, subject to certain exceptions contained in the September 1 Note.
The September 1 Note contains customary events of default which entitle the investor, among other things, to accelerate the due date of the unpaid principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the September 1 Note. Upon an event of default, interest shall accrue at a default interest rate of 24% per annum or, if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. The September 1 Note further contains monetary penalties in the event of certain events of default.
At the investor’s election, if the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the investor underlying shares upon conversion by the 3rd business day thereafter and if the investor incurs a Failure to Deliver Loss (as defined in the September 1 Note), then the Company must make the investor whole in relation to such loss.
Upon certain sale events as specified in the September 1 Note, the Company shall, upon request of the investor, redeem the September 1 Note in cash for 150% of the principal amount, plus accrued but unpaid interest through the date of redemption, or at the election of the investor, such Holder may convert the unpaid principal amount of the September 1 Note (together with the amount of accrued but unpaid interest) into shares of Company common stock immediately prior to such sale event at the conversion price specified in the September 1 Note.
September 22, 2020 Securities Purchase Agreement
On September 22, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “September Purchase Agreement”) dated as of September 22, 2020 (the “September 22 Issuance Date”) and issued and sold to an investor a Promissory Note (the “September 22 Note”) in the aggregate original principal amount of $600,000, of which $100,000 aggregate principal amount was borrowed as of the Issuance Date with the balance of the principal borrowed on October 19, 2020. Also pursuant to the September Purchase Agreement, in connection with the issuance of the September Note, the Company issued two common stock purchase warrants (separately, “Warrant A” and “Warrant B”, and together, the “September Warrants”) to the investor, allowing the investor to purchase an aggregate of 1,411,764 shares of the Company’s common stock, with Warrant A being a commitment fee of 705,882 shares of common stock, and Warrant B being fully earned upon issuance as an additional commitment fee of 705,882 shares of common stock, provide that Warrant B is returnable to the Company upon the repayment of the September 22 Note, as an additional incentive for the repayment of the September 22 Note.
The net amount received by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $505,000 after payment of certain fees to the investor or on behalf of the investor.
In the event the Company breaches any of the covenants set forth in Section 4 of the Purchase Agreement, and in addition to any other remedies available to the Buyer pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, it will be considered an Event of Default under the September 22 Note and the Company shall pay to the Buyer certain liquidated damages as set forth in the September 22 Note in cash or in shares of common stock at the option of the Buyer. If the Buyer elects to have the Company pay such liquidated damages in shares of common stock, such shares shall be issued at the conversion price at the time of payment.
The September 22 Note bears interest commencing on the September 22 Issuance Date at a fixed rate of 12% per annum on any unpaid principal balance, and will be payable, along with the principal amount, on September 22, 2021, unless such interest is earlier converted into shares of the common stock pursuant to the conversion terms contained in the September 22 Note.
A lump-sum interest payment for one year is due on the September 22 Issuance Date and added to the principal balance and payable on the maturity date of the September 22 Note or upon acceleration or by prepayment or otherwise, notwithstanding the number of days which the principal is outstanding. Principal payments shall be made in 6 installments each in the amount of $100,000 commencing 180 days following the applicable Issue Date (as defined in the Note) and continuing thereafter each 30 days for 5 months. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded debt discount of $600,000 related to the September 22 Note. Amortization of the debt discount is recorded as interest expense and a total of $105,815 was amortized during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company has a total outstanding principal balance of $600,000 as of December 31, 2020.
The unpaid outstanding principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest under the September 22 Note shall be convertible into shares of common stock at any time on or after the September 22 Issuance Date at the option of the investor. The conversion price shall be equal to the lesser of (subject to equitable adjustments): (i) the lowest Market Price (as defined in the September 22 Note) during the previous five Trading Day (as defined in the September 22 Note) period ending on the latest complete Trading Day prior to the September 22 Issuance Date, and (ii) the Variable Conversion Price (as defined in the September 22 Note). The conversion price shall be adjusted downwards upon certain events as set forth in the September 22 Note.
The September 22 Note is subject to adjustment in the event of certain events, including mergers or consolidations of the Company, distributions of assets to holders of common stock, stock repurchases, and dilutive issuances (other than “Exempt Issuances” as defined in the September 22 Note).
Provided that an event of default under the September 22 Note has not occurred, the Company may prepay in whole or in part the amounts outstanding under the September 22 Note by making a payment to the investor of an amount in cash equal to the sum of: (w) the then outstanding principal amount of the September 22 Note plus (x) accrued and unpaid interest on the unpaid principal amount of the September 22 Note plus (y) default interest, if any.
The conversion of the September 22 Note and the exercise of the Warrants are subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion or exercise, as the case may be.
The September 22 Note contains customary events of default which entitle the investor, among other things, to accelerate the due date of the unpaid principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the September 22 Note. Upon an event of default, interest shall accrue at a default interest rate of 24% per annum or, if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. The September 22 Note further contains monetary penalties in the event of certain events of default or breaches.
The September 22 Note is further subject to a “most-favored nation” clause in the event the Company issues any security with any term more favorable to the holder of such security.
The September Warrants each have an exercise price of $1.28, subject to customary adjustments, and may be exercised at any time until the three-year anniversary of the September Warrants; provided, however, in the event the Company repays the September 22 Note in its entirety on or prior to the maturity date of the September 22 Note, Warrant B shall automatically expire and may only be exercised in the event it does not so automatically expire. The September Warrants include a cashless exercise provision as set forth therein.
On December 28, 2020, the Company issued a non-convertible promissory note with a warrant exercise price that was more favorable than the terms of the September 22 Note. The amount of shares under the September Warrants was reset to 1,505,882 with an exercise price of $1.20.
Derivative Accounting for the Convertible Notes Payable
The Company evaluated the terms and conditions of the Note, the Grid Notes, the September 1 Note and the September 22 Note under the guidance of ASC 815. The conversion terms of the convertible notes are variable based on certain factors, such as the future price of the Company’s common stock. The number of shares of common stock to be issued is based on the future price of the Company’s common stock. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the promissory note is indeterminate. Due to the fact that the number of shares of common stock issuable could exceed the Company’s authorized share limit, the equity environment is tainted, and all additional convertible debentures and warrants are included in the value of the derivative liabilities. Pursuant to ASC 815-15 Embedded Derivatives, the fair values of the variable conversion options and warrants and shares to be issued were recorded as derivative liabilities on the issuance date and revalued at each reporting period. (see Note 7)
Certain of the Company’s embedded conversion features on debt and outstanding warrants are treated as derivative liabilities for accounting purposes under ASC 815 due to insufficient authorized shares to settle these outstanding contracts, or due to other rights connected with these contracts, such as registration rights. In the case of insufficient authorized share capital available to fully settle outstanding contracts, the Company utilizes the issuance date sequencing method to reclassify outstanding contracts as derivative instruments. These instruments do not trade in an active securities market.
NOTE 6 - NOTES PAYABLE
On October 23, 2019, an investor of the Company subscribed for a promissory note (the “October Note”) and loaned to the Company $50,000.
The October Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 14% per annum, computed based on a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months, which interest will be payable quarterly until the maturity date. The principal amount and any accrued and unpaid interest due under the October Note was originally to mature on October 21, 2020, subject to a thirty-day grace period. On November 13, 2020, the Company entered into an allonge with the investor that extended the maturity date of the note to April 21, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company recorded $6,996 of interest expense and has a total outstanding principal balance of $50,000 and accrued interest of $1,356 as of December 31, 2020.
The October Note contains customary events of default, which, if uncured, entitle the lender to accelerate the due date of the unpaid principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the October Note.
February 21, 2020 Note
On February 21, 2020, a third party loaned the Company $20,000, evidenced by a non-convertible promissory note (the “February Note”).The February Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 12% per annum, computed based on a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months, which interest will be payable quarterly until the maturity date. The principal amount and any accrued and unpaid interest due under the February Note were originally payable on July 1, 2020. On July 28, 2020 the Company entered into an allonge, effective July 1, 2020, to extend the original maturity date to February 21, 2021. The Company recorded $2,060 of accrued interest and has a total outstanding principal balance of $20,000 as of December 31, 2020.
The February Note contains customary events of default, which, if uncured, entitle the lender to accelerate the due date of the unpaid principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the February Note.
December 28, 2020 Note
On December 28, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “December Purchase Agreement”) dated as of December 28, 2020 (the “December 28 Issuance Date”) and issued and sold to an investor a Promissory Note (the “December 28 Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of $300,000. Pursuant to the December Purchase Agreement, in connection with the issuance of the December 28 Note, the Company issued two common stock purchase warrants (separately, “Warrant A” and “Warrant B”, and together, the “December Warrants”) to the investor, allowing the investor to purchase an aggregate of 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, with Warrant A being a commitment fee of 250,000 shares of common stock, and Warrant B being fully earned upon issuance as an additional commitment fee of 250,000 shares of common stock, provide that Warrant B is returnable to the Company upon the repayment of the December 28 Note, as an additional incentive for the repayment of the December 28 Note.
The net amount received by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $265,000 after payment of certain fees to the investor or on behalf of the investor.
The December 28 Note bears interest commencing on the December 28 Issuance Date at a fixed rate of 12% per annum on any unpaid principal balance, and will be payable, along with the principal amount, on December 28, 2021.
A lump-sum interest payment for one year is due on the December 28 Issuance Date and added to the principal balance and payable on the maturity date of the December 28 Note or upon acceleration or by prepayment or otherwise, notwithstanding the number of days which the principal is outstanding. Principal payments shall be made in 6 installments each in the amount of $56,000 commencing 180 days following the Issue Date (as defined in the Note) and continuing thereafter each 30 days for 5 months. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded debt discount of $300,000 related to the December 28 Note. Amortization of the debt discount is recorded as interest expense and a total of $2,466 was amortized during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company has a total outstanding principal balance of $300,000 as of December 31, 2020.
Provided that an event of default under the December 28 Note has not occurred, the Company may prepay in whole or in part the amounts outstanding under the December 28 Note without a prepayment penalty.
The December 28 Note contains customary events of default which entitle the investor, among other things, to accelerate the due date of the unpaid principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, the December 28 Note. Upon an event of default, interest shall accrue at a default interest rate of 24% per annum or, if such rate is usurious or not permitted by current law, then at the highest rate of interest permitted by law. The December 28 Note further contains monetary penalties in the event of certain events of default or breaches.
The December Warrants each have an exercise price of $1.20, subject to customary adjustments, and may be exercised at any time until the three-year anniversary of the December Warrants; provided, however, in the event the Company repays the December 28 Note in its entirety on or prior to the maturity date of the December 28 Note, Warrant B shall automatically expire and may only be exercised in the event it does not so automatically expire. The December Warrants include a cashless exercise provision as set forth therein.
Derivative Accounting for the December 28, 2020 Note
The Company evaluated the terms and conditions of the December 28, 2020 Note and the accompanying December Warrants under the guidance of ASC 815. Certain of the Company’s outstanding warrants are treated as derivative liabilities for accounting purposes under ASC 815 due to insufficient authorized shares to settle these outstanding contracts, or due to other rights connected with these contracts, such as registration rights. In the case of insufficient authorized share capital available to fully settle outstanding contracts, the Company utilizes the issuance date sequencing method to reclassify outstanding contracts as derivative instruments. These instruments do not trade in an active securities market. As a result, the December Warrants are treated as a derivative liability. (see Note 7)
NOTE 7 - DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES
The Company evaluated the terms and conditions of the Notes and Convertible Notes Payable (see Notes 5 and 6) and pursuant to ASC 815-15 Embedded Derivatives, certain conversion options and outstanding warrants were recorded as derivative liabilities on the issuance date and revalued at each reporting period.
The table below provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including net transfers in and/or out of all financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the year ended December 31, 2020:
Amount
Balance on December 31, 2019 $ -
Issuances to debt discount 1,330,752
Issuances to interest expense 2,513,323
Net extinguishment 79,621
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (801,801 )
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities (558,953 )
Balance on December 31, 2020 $ 2,562,942
The fair value of the derivative conversion features and warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2020 were calculated using a Monte-Carlo option model valued with the following assumptions:
December 31,
Dividend yield 0 %
Expected volatility 46.4% - 82.2 %
Risk free interest rate 0.05% - 0.36 %
Contractual terms (in years) 0.08 - 4.30
Conversion/Exercise price $ 0.80 - $1.28
NOTE 8 - OTHER LIABILITIES
In 2016, the Company recorded a liability in connection with the sale of two Electroencephalograms (“EEG”) machines as it provided a guarantee to the customer’s financing company (See Note 2). In June 2017, the customer defaulted on its payments and an additional $19,107 was booked as a liability and recognized as a loss on the sale of the assets for interest and some taxes related to the transaction. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, total liability to the financing company reflected in Other Liabilities is $4,595 and $6,377, respectively. The Company did not make payments in the current quarter and are in discussion as to future payments since the equipment was not returned as per the agreement.
NOTE 9 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the year ended December 31, 2018, an entity controlled by Mr. Vadim Sakharov, a former director and executive officer of the Company, provided a $50,000 non-interest-bearing, no-term loan to the Company. An additional $5,530 of non-interest bearing no-term proceeds were loaned to the Company during the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the balance was $55,530 and $55,530, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company purchased an aggregate of $406,187 and $386,421 of medical devices for resale and distribution from Neurotech, a company that Mr. Sakharov, a former director and executive officer of the Company, is a shareholder and executive manager.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had expenses related to research and development costs of $26,920 and $50,713, respectively, to an entity controlled by Mr. Sakharov, a former director and executive officer of the Company.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had expenses related to sales and marketing costs of $53,578 and $0, respectively, to an entity controlled by Mr. Sakharov, a former director and executive officer of the Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, an affiliate of Boris Goldstein, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, provided an aggregate total of $50,000, in a non-interest-bearing, no-term loan to the Company. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance was $50,000 and $50,000, respectively.
On September 1, 2018, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with a company controlled by the Company’s Chairman, whereby the Company makes payments to the related party for shared office space. This lease was terminated on March 31, 2019. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company made approximately $0 and $4,900, respectively, in rent payments to the related party.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, an affiliate of Nickolay Kukekov, a director of the Company, provided an aggregate total of $217,000 in non-interest-bearing, no-term loans to the Company. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance was $217,000 and $217,000, respectively.
NOTE 10 - INCOME TAXES
The Company files corporate income tax returns in the United States (federal) and New York. The Company is subject to federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities through inception.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carry forwards of $9,252,000 and $3,617,000, respectively that may be offset against future taxable income which will begin to expire in 2036 through 2040.
There was a foreign provision for income tax during the year ended December 31, 2020. The tax effects of temporary differences which give rise to deferred tax assets (liabilities) are summarized as follows:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
Net operating loss carry forwards $ 2,596,740 $ 1,016,339
Stock based compensation 12,089 3,596
Depreciation (22 )
Valuation allowance (2,609,133 ) (1,019,913 )
Net Deferred Tax Asset $ - $ -
In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Deferred tax assets consist primarily of the tax effect of NOL carry-forwards. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets because of the uncertainty regarding its realizability.
Reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax to the Company’s effective tax:
For the Years Ended
December 31,
% %
Statutory federal tax rate 21.00 % 21.00 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit 9.39 % 6.99 %
Derivative revaluation 6.67 % %
Other 0.04 % %
Valuation allowance -37.09 % -27.70 %
Provision for income taxes 0.00 % 0.30 %
The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as additional income taxes in the statement of operations. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019 the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. There were no changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The Company did not recognize any interest or penalties during fiscal 2020 or 2019 related to unrecognized tax benefits.
All tax years remain open to examination for federal income tax purposes and by other major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.
NOTE 11 - LEASES
The Company has inventoried all leases where the Company is a lessee as of the initial date of application and has examined other contracts with suppliers, vendors, customers and other outside parties to identify whether such contracts contain an embedded lease as defined under the new guidance. The Company’s lease population comprises lease for corporate office space and a warehouse that are year-to-year basis with monthly rent ranging from approximately $150 to $3,200 and qualify under the practical expedient of short-term leases. The Company does not have exclusive rights of control to any assets in the customer and vendor contracts reviews and does not have any financing leases as of the date of adoption of ASC 842.
Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a 12-month lease agreement ending December 31, 2020, with a third party in Russia. The Company is paying rent at a rate of 17,900 Rubles ($240) per month.
Beginning June 1, 2019, the Company entered into a 10-month lease agreement ending September 30, 2020 with a third party in Russia. The Company is paid rent at a rate of 12,000 Rubles ($161) per month.
Additionally, the Company also rents a warehouse. Beginning December 1, 2018, the Company entered into a 6-month warehouse rental agreement for $2,980 per month. The lease was renewed on June 1, 2019 for an additional year ending May 31, 2020, for $3,171 per month. The Company leased the warehouse for an additional three months and left the premises in the third quarter of 2020.
Total rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $38,870 and $85,771, respectively.
The Company has one lease agreement with terms up to 2 years for the lease of office space. The assets and liabilities from operating leases are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term using the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rates or implicit rates, when readily determinable. Short-term leases, which have an initial term of 12 months or less, are not recorded on the balance sheet.
The Company’s operating lease does not provide an implicit rate that can readily be determined. Therefore, we use a discount rate based on our incremental borrowing rate, which is determined using the interest rate of our debt as of July 1, 2020.
The Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term relating to its operating leases is 1.67 years, with a weighted-average discount rate of 12%.
The Company incurred lease expense for its operating leases of $23,278 and $0 which was included in “General and administrative expenses,” for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The Company had operating cash flows used in operating leases of $18,272 for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following table presents information about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from the Company’s operating leases as of December 31, 2020.
Maturity of Lease Liability
48,334
32,699
Total undiscounted operating lease payments $ 81,033
Less: Imputed interest (7,964 )
Total operating lease liabilities 73,069
Less: Current portion of operating lease (41,793 )
Long-term portion of operating lease $ 31,276
At December 31, 2019, the operating lease right of use asset was $0. Supplemental balance sheet information related to the lease as of December 31, 2020 was:
Operating lease right-of-use asset $ 69,632
Lease liability, current portion 41,793
Lease liability, long-term 31,276
Total operating lease liability $ 73,069
Weighted average remaining lease term (months)
Weighted average discount rate 12 %
NOTE 12 - STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred Stock
The Company has authorized 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a $0.001 par value. As of December 31, 2020, no preferred shares have been issued and these shares are considered blank check preferred shares with no terms, limitations, or rights associated with them.
Common Stock
The Company has authorized 200,000,000 shares of common stock with a $0.001 par value per share. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held at the time of vote. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has deemed 19,628,258 shares outstanding or deemed outstanding.
Shares Issued for Services
On December 4, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with an advisor to memorialize certain services rendered to the Company. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, in consideration for those services, the Company issued the advisor 75,000 shares of common stock. The shares were valued at $0.12 per share or $9,150.
On October 1, 2019, the Company entered into a three-month agreement with an advisor for consulting services. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company shall pay the advisor 4,000 shares of common stock a month. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has issued 4,000 shares at a value of $0.12 per share or $488. The agreement was terminated on October 31, 2019.
On October 7, 2019, the Company entered into a three-month agreement with an advisor for consulting services. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company shall pay the advisor 7,500 shares of common stock a month. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has issued 22,500 shares at a value of $0.12 per share or $2,745.
On August 8, 2018, the Company entered into a one-year agreement with an advisor for consulting services, as extended for an additional one-year period. Pursuant to the agreement, as amended, the Company has the right to pay $5,000 or issue the advisor a maximum of 6,667 shares of common stock on a quarterly basis, beginning the quarter ended December 31, 2018. The Company elected to issue 26,668 shares for the services provided during the year ended December 31, 2019 at an average value of $0.08 per share or $1,653. The Company elected to issue 9,899 shares for the services provided during the year ended December 31, 2020 at an average value of $1.52 per share or $15,000.
On August 28, 2018, the Company entered into a one-year agreement with an advisor for consulting services, as extended for an additional one-year period. Pursuant to the agreement, as amended, the Company has the right to pay $5,000 or issue the advisor a maximum of 6,667 shares of common stock on a quarterly basis, beginning the quarter ended December 31, 2018. The Company elected to issue 26,668 shares for the services provided during the year ended December 31, 2019 at an average value of $0.08 per share or $1,653. The Company elected to issue 9,899 shares for the services provided during the year ended December 31, 2020 at an average value of $1.52 per share or $15,000.
On September 1, 2019, the Company entered into a four-month agreement with an advisor for consulting services. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company shall pay the advisor 5,000 shares of common stock a month. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has issued 20,000 shares for services provided by the advisor at an average value of $0.10 per share or $2,000. On June 1, 2020 the Company entered into an additional four-month agreement with an advisor for consulting services. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company shall pay the advisor 7,000 shares of common stock a month. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has issued 28,000 shares for services provided by the advisor at an average value of $1.14 per share or $32,025.
On November 13, 2020, the Company entered into a six-month agreement with a consultant to provide services to the Company. As compensation for such services, the Company has agreed to pay the consultant $6,000 in cash and allowed the consultant to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock for a total purchase price of $500. The fair value per share on the November 13, 2020 issuance date was $1.00 or $100,000. During 2020 the Company recorded $26,019 of consulting expenses.
On October 15, 2020, the Company granted to a newly-hired non-executive officer of the Company 292,174 restricted shares under the Company’s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, which vest quarterly in equal amounts commencing January 15, 2021 and ending January 15, 2022. The shares were valued as of the date of the grant at a fair value of $1.67 per share or $487,931, which will be amortized over the vesting period. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has recorded $45,706 in stock-based compensation.
December 31, 2019 Securities Purchase Agreement
During the year ended December 31, 2019, in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement (see Note 5), the company issued 100,000 warrants to a third party. The warrants were initially accounted for as a discount to the December 31, 2019 convertible note and therefore fair-valued using the Monte Carlo model. On March 18, 2020 upon the Initial Public Offering and the existence of a market for the common stock, the warrants were considered a derivative liability and as such are presented at every reporting period at fair value. Upon inception, the warrants were evaluated with the following assumptions:
- The stock price of $0.1208 would fluctuate with an annual volatility
- The projected volatility curve was based on historical volatility of comparable companies for the valuation period and the remaining term of the warrants. The volatility used was 85.2%.
- The stock price projection was modeled such that it follows a geometric Brownian motion with constant drift and a constant volatility, starting with market prices.
- The warrants are exercised at maturity, December 31, 2024, by the holder if they are in the money based on the adjusted exercise price (adjusted for full ratchet reset events).
- The warrants have a fixed $1.25 exercise price subject to full ratchet reset provisions. Capital raising events triggering a reset to 100% of the projected stock price (no discount to the market) are projected for the warrants on 6/30/20, 6/30/21 and 6/30/22.
- The cash flows are discounted to net present values using risk free rates. Discount rates were based on risk free rates in effect based on the remaining term.
As a result of certain terms granted as part of the issuance of the December 28 notes (see Note 6) the abovementioned warrants were reset from 100,000 to 125,000, and the exercise price was adjusted from $1.25 to $1.00.
Convertible Grid Notes
On April 21, 2020, in connection with the issuance of the Grid Notes (see Note 5), the company issued 1,500,000 warrants (the Grid Warrants) to a third party. The Grid Warrants were accounted for as a derivative liability and are presented at every reporting period at fair value. At issuance the Grid Warrants were fair-valued using the Monte Carlo model with the following assumptions:
- Stock price of $1.00
- The projected volatility curve was based on historical volatility of comparable companies for the valuation period and the remaining term of the warrants. The volatility used was 72.5%.
- The stock price projection was modeled such that it follows a geometric Brownian motion with constant drift and a constant volatility, starting with market prices.
- The warrants are exercisable at any time commencing 18 months from the issuance date and expire on April 21, 2025.
- The warrants have a fixed $0.80 exercise.
- The cash flows are discounted to net present values using risk free rates. Discount rates were based on risk free rates in effect based on the remaining term.
September 22, 2020 Securities Purchase Agreement
On September 22, 2020, in connection with the September Purchase Agreement (see Note 5), the company issued 1,411,764 warrants (the September Warrants) to a third party. The September Warrants were accounted for as a derivative liability and are presented at every reporting period at fair value. At issuance the September Warrants were fair-valued using the Monte Carlo model with the following assumptions:
- Stock price of $1.25
- The projected volatility curve was based on historical volatility of comparable companies for the valuation period and the remaining term of the warrants. The volatility used was 84.0%.
- The stock price projection was modeled such that it follows a geometric Brownian motion with constant drift and a constant volatility, starting with market prices.
- The warrants are may be exercised at any time until the three year anniversary of the Warrants; provided, however, in the event the Company repays the September 22 Note in its entirety on or prior to the Maturity Date, 705,882 September Warrants shall automatically expire and may only be exercised in the event it does not so automatically expire.
- The warrants have a fixed $1.28 exercise price subject to full ratchet reset provisions. Capital raising events triggering a reset to 100% of the projected stock price (no discount to the market) are projected for the warrants on 6/30/20, 6/30/21 and 6/30/22.
- The cash flows are discounted to net present values using risk free rates. Discount rates were based on risk free rates in effect based on the remaining term.
As a result of certain terms granted as part of the issuance of the December 28 notes (see Note 6) the abovementioned warrants were reset from 1,411,764 to 1,505,882, and the exercise price was adjusted from $1.28 to $1.20.
The following table summarized the warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Warrants Number
of
Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Balance Outstanding, December 31, 2018 402,250 $ 0.40 4.72 $ -
Granted 100,00 $ 1.25 5.00 -
Forfeited - - - -
Exercised - - - -
Expired - - - -
Balance Outstanding, December 31, 2019 502,250 $ 0.57 3.98 $ 201,125
Granted 3,530,882 1.02 3.90 150,000
Forfeited - - - -
Exercised - - - -
Expired - - - -
Balance Outstanding, December 31, 2020 4,033,132 $ 0.97 3.39 $ 351,125
Exercisable, December 31, 2020 2,533,132 $ 1.06 2.84 $ 201,125
Equity Incentive Plan
As of September 21, 2018, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and stockholders approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan has a 10-year term, which terminates on the day prior to the 10th anniversary of its adoption by the Board. Under the 2018 Plan, the Company may grant equity-based incentive awards, including options, restricted stock, and other stock-based awards, to any directors, employees, advisers, and consultants that provide services to the Company. The vesting period, term and exercise price will be determined at the time of the grant. An aggregate of up to 3,500,000 of the Company’s common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has granted and has 1,800,000 options outstanding, as well as 333,972 shares of restricted common stock issued under the 2018 Plan.
On January 14, 2019, the Board of Directors approved the issuance of options to purchase an aggregate of 800,000 and 200,000 shares of common stock to Boris Goldstein and Vadim Sakharov (a former director and executive officer of the Company), respectively. The options have an exercise price of $0.75 per share which will vest over a 24-month period as follows: 25% (or 200,000 and 50,000, respectively) shall vest six months after the grant date with the remaining options will vest on a monthly basis at a rate of 1/24th per month. The options will expire on January 14, 2029. The aggregate fair value of $17,111 was calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following assumptions: (i) expected life 10 years, (ii) volatility of 77%, (iii) risk free rate of 2.71% (iv) dividend rate of zero, (v) stock price of $0.042, and (vi) exercise price of $0.75. The expense will be amortized over the vesting period and a total of $6,417 and $10,432 was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
On January 30, 2020, the Board of Directors approved the issuance of options to purchase an aggregate of 800,000 shares of common stock to Boris Goldstein. The options have an exercise price of $0.75 per share which will vest ratably on a quarterly basis over a two year period. The options will expire on January 30, 2029. The aggregate fair value of $51,757 was calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following assumptions: (i) expected life 10 years, (ii) volatility of 76%, (iii) risk free rate of 1.57% (iv) dividend rate of zero, (v) stock price of $0.12, and (vi) exercise price of $0.75. The expense will be amortized over the vesting period and a total of $23,790 was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following table summarized the option activity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Options Number of
Shares Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Balance Outstanding, December 31, 2018
$
$ -
Granted 1,800,00 $ 0.75 10.00 -
Forfeited (800,000 ) - - -
Exercised - - - -
Expired - - - -
Balance Outstanding, December 31, 2019 1,000,000 $ 0.75 9.05 $ 150,000
Granted 800,000 0.75 10.00 120,000
Forfeited - - - -
Exercised - - - -
Expired - - - -
Balance Outstanding, December 31, 2020 1,800,000 $ 0.75 8.51 $ 270,000
Exercisable, December 31, 2020 1,400,000 $ 0.75 8.34 $ 210,000
For future periods, the remaining value of the stock options totaling approximately $28,230 will be amortized into the statement of operations consistent with the period for which the services will be rendered.
NOTE 13 - CONCENTRATIONS
In the years ending December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, the Company purchased 99.28% and 99.84% of its medical devices for resale and distribution from Neurotech, a company that Vadim Sakharov, a former director and executive officer of the Company, is a shareholder and executive manager.
NOTE 14 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Financial Advisory Agreement
On February 1, 2017, the Company entered into a one-year agreement with a third party to act as the Company’s exclusive financial advisor (the “Financial Advisor”). In consideration for services, the Company will pay a cash fee equal to 8% of the total amount of capital received by the Company from institutions and 10% of the total amount of capital received by the Company from retail. With the exception of the Bridge Private Placement Transaction, the Company will also pay a cash amount, representing a non-accountable expense allowance payable immediately upon closing of a financing equal to 3% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the transactions from retail. In addition to the cash consideration, the Company will also issue warrants to purchase common stock to the Financial Advisor in an amount equal to 10% of the number of shares of common stock purchased by the investors and that the investors obtain a right to acquire through purchase, conversion or exercise of convertible securities issued by the Company. Those warrants will be immediately exercisable at the price per share at which the investor can acquire the common stock. On February 5, 2018, the agreement was amended to extend the exclusivity period another 12 months through February 1, 2019, all other terms and conditions of the agreement remained the same.
NOTE 15 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In accordance with ASC 855 “Subsequent Events,” Company management reviewed all material events through the date this report was issued and the following subsequent events took place.
Loan Extensions
Subsequent to the balance sheet date, the January 18, 2019, February 5, 2019 and July 23, 2019 convertible notes (see Note 5) were extended to January 18, 2022, February 5, 2022 and February 21, 2022, respectively.
On February 8, 2021, the Company entered into a third Allonge to the Convertible Note (see Note 5) which amended the Note by, among other things, extending the maturity date of the loan until May 1, 2021. As consideration for the allonge, the original principal amount was increased by ten percent, and the Company agreed to issue 50,000 shares of its common stock to the investor.
February 8, 2021 Loan
On February 8, 2021, the Company signed a loan agreement in the amount on $500,000 pursuant to which the Company would enter into a business combination with the lender subject to the terms and conditions defined in the agreement. The loan bears interest of 10% and matures upon the earlier of 6 months or the date that the business combination becomes effective. In the case of a business combination becoming effective, the loan shall convert immediately into or be credited towards such transaction.
Stock Option Agreements
On January 26, 2021 the Company granted a director 16,779 fully vested stock options. On February 11, 2021, the Company granted certain employees options to purchase an aggregate number of 125,000 shares of common stock, exercisable at $1.50 per share which will vest over a 24-month period as follows: 25% shall vest six months after the grant date with the remaining options will vest on a monthly basis at a rate of 1/24th per month.
Share Offering
The Company is currently involved in a Regulation A+ share offering pursuant to which the Company is offering up to a maximum of 1,111,111 units, with each unit consisting of five shares of common stock, par value $0.001, and a warrant to purchase one share of common stock, par value $0.001, at an offering price of $9.00 per unit or $1.80 per share of common stock, for a maximum aggregate offering of $10,000,000.
Loan Conversion
On March 16, 2021, the Company received a Notice of Conversion from the holder of the Diamond Note, electing to convert $20,000 of outstanding principal and $871 of outstanding interest into 27,828 common shares at an applicable conversion price of $0.75 per share. This conversion triggered certain anti-dilution provisions of the Note (See note 5) and as a result, the conversion price of the Note was reduced to $0.75, and the warrant amount was reset to 166,667 with an exercise price of $0.75 per share.
Financial Services Agreement
On February 25, 2021, the Company signed a contract with a financial services provider in connections with future potential transactions. At the closing of the potential transactions, the financial services provider will be entitled to fees in the form of cash, warrants and shares of common stock dependent on the amount of funds raised as part of the transaction.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9 - CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, management of the Company, under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, reviewed and performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2020. Based on that review and evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, along with the management of the Company, have determined that as of December 31, 2020, the disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a - 15(f) of the Exchange Act). There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any internal control, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time. We have assessed the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a -15(f) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2020, and have concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of the evaluation date due to the factors stated below.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the evaluation date and identified the following material weaknesses:
● Management did not maintain effective internal controls relating to the accounting closing and financial reporting process pertaining to certain stock transactions and complicated convertible debt instruments;
● The Company has insufficient internal personnel resources and technical accounting and reporting expertise within the Company’s financial closing and reporting functions; and
● Due to our small size, the Company did not maintain effective internal controls to assure proper segregation of duties as the same employee was responsible for initiating and recording of transactions, thereby creating a segregation of duties weakness.
Management is committed to improving its internal controls and will, subject to available funds:
● Continue to use third party specialists to address shortfalls in staffing and to assist the Company with accounting and finance responsibilities; and
● Increase the frequency of independent reconciliations of significant accounts, which will mitigate the lack of segregation of duties until there are sufficient personnel.
Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has discussed the material weaknesses noted above with our independent registered public accounting firm. Due to the nature of these material weaknesses, there is a more than remote likelihood that misstatements which could be material to the annual or interim financial statements could occur that would not be prevented or detected.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, identified in connection with the evaluation of such internal control that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B - OTHER INFORMATION.
Not applicable
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10 - DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors and Executive Officers
Our executive officers and directors are as follows:
Name
Age
Position
Boris (Baruch) Goldstein
Chairman of the Board, Secretary and Executive Vice President
Nickolay Kukekov
Director
Mark Corrao
Chief Financial Officer
Boris (Baruch) Goldstein, Chairman of the Board, Secretary and Executive Vice President. Dr. Goldstein is the founder and has been Chairman of the Board of MemoryMD since its inception in 2015 and has been the executive Chairman of the Board of the Company since the Closing of the Acquisition and Executive Vice President since January 2019. Dr. Goldstein is a serial entrepreneur, having founded or co-founded over 20 private companies over the past 30 years. Dr. Goldstein is the founder in November 2016 and the president of High Technology Capital Fund and High Technology Capital Management LLC, and is a partner in High Accelerator, which helps build and support next generation technologies.
Dr. Goldstein received his B.A., MBA and Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from Latvian Technical University.
The Company believes that Dr. Goldstein is qualified to serve as Chairman of the Board due to his extensive experience as a founder and operator of numerous start-up and other companies, and due his role as a founder of MemoryMD.
Nickolay V. Kukekov, Director. Dr. Kukekov has been a member of MemoryMD’s Board of Directors since September 2017, and a member of the Board of the Company since the Closing of the Acquisition. Dr. Kukekov currently serves as the managing director of HRA Capital (formerly Highline Research Advisors), a division of Corinthian Partners L.L.C. Prior to forming Highline Research Advisors in 2012, Dr. Kukekov was the Managing Director of Healthcare Investment Banking at Summer Street Research from October 2010 to August 2012. In September 2009, Dr. Kukekov was a co-founder of the Healthcare Investment Banking group at Gilford Securities. From December 2007 to July 2009, Dr. Kukekov served as the managing director of Paramount BioCapital, where he ran the advisory, M&A and capital raising services for in-house private and public portfolio companies. Dr. Kukekov holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology from the University of Colorado at Boulder and a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York.
The Company believes that Dr. Kukekov is qualified to serve as a member of the Board of Directors due to his extensive experience in healthcare and medical device investment banking.
Mark Corrao, Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Corrao has been the part-time chief financial officer of MemoryMD since August 2018. He is a Managing Director for the CFO Squad, an accounting firm that specializes in pre-audit accounting for public and private companies, which provides those services to the Company. Additionally, Mr. Corrao is currently the Chief Financial Officer for Generex Biotechnology Corporation and Kannalife Sciences, Inc. Mr. Corrao was formerly a founder and Chief Financial Officer of Strikeforce Technologies, Inc., a publicly traded software development and services company specializing in the development of a suite of integrated computer network security products. In addition to the ten years of his service at Strikeforce, Mr. Corrao has spent numerous years in the public accounting arena specializing in certified auditing, SEC accounting, corporate taxation and financial planning. Mr. Corrao’s background also includes numerous years on Wall Street with Merrill Lynch, Spear Leeds & Kellogg and Greenfield Arbitrage Partners. While on Wall Street Mr. Corrao was involved in several IPO’s and has been a guiding influence in several start-up companies. Prior to joining StrikeForce, he was a Director at Applied Digital Solutions from December 2000 through December 2001. Mr. Corrao was a Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Advanced Communications Sciences from March 1997 through December 2000. Mr. Corrao has a B.S. in Accounting from CUNY.
There are no family relationships between any of our officers and directors.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive officers has been convicted in a criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors, or has been a party to any judicial or administrative proceeding during the past ten years that resulted in a judgment, decree, or final order enjoining the person from future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, federal or state securities laws, or a finding of any violation of federal or state securities laws, except for matters that were dismissed without sanction or settlement. Each of our executive officers and directors has informed us that he or she, as the case may be, has not been involved in any of the events specified in clauses (1) through (8) of Regulation S-K, Item 401(f). Except as set forth in our discussion below in “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence - Transactions with Related Persons,” none of our directors, director nominees, or executive officers has been involved in any transactions with us or any of our directors, executive officers, affiliates, or associates that are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Commission.
Structure and Operation of the Board
We do not have standing audit, compensation or nominating committees of our Board. However, the full Board performs all of the functions of a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating committee. The Board currently consists of two directors: Dr. Goldstein (Chairman) and and Mr. Kukekov. The following is a brief description of these functions of the Board:
Nomination of Directors
The Board does not currently have a standing nominating committee, and thus we do not have a nominating committee charter. Due to our small size and limited operations to date, the Board determined that it was appropriate for the entire Board to act as the nominating committee. The full Board currently has the responsibility of selecting individuals to be nominated for election to the Board. Board candidates are typically identified by existing directors or members of management. The Board will consider director candidates recommended by stockholders. Any such candidates will be evaluated on the same basis as other candidates being evaluated by the Board. Information with respect to such candidates should be sent to Brain Scientific Inc., c/o CEO,125 Wilbur Place, Suite 170 Bohemia, NY 11716. The Board considers the needs for the Board as a whole when identifying and evaluating nominees and, among other things, considers diversity in background, age, experience, qualifications, attributes and skills in identifying nominees, although it does not have a formal policy regarding the consideration of diversity.
Audit Committee Related Function
We do not have a standing audit committee, and thus we do not have an audit committee charter. Due to our small size and limited operations to date, the Board determined that it was appropriate for the entire Board to act as the audit committee. The Board intends to review with management and the Company’s independent public accountants the Company’s financial statements, the accounting principles applied in their preparation, the scope of the audit, any comments made by the independent accountants upon the financial condition of the Company and its accounting controls and procedures and such other matters as the Board deems appropriate. Because the Company’s common stock is traded on the OTCQB Market, the Company is not subject to the listing requirements of any securities exchange regarding audit committee related matters.
Report of Board on Audit Related Matters
In discharging its responsibility for oversight of the audit process, the Board obtained from the Company’s independent auditors, Sadler, Gibb & Associates LLC, a formal written statement describing any relationships between the auditors and the Company that might bear on the auditors’ independence, consistent with the Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1, “Independence Discussions with Audit Committees.” In addition, the Board discussed with the auditors any relationships that might impact the auditors’ objectivity and independence. The Board is satisfied as to the auditors’ independence.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
We do not have an audit committee financial expert, because we do not have an audit committee.
Risk Oversight
The Board’s risk oversight is administered primarily through the following:
● review and approval of an annual business plan;
● review of a summary of risks and opportunities at meetings of the Board;
● review of business developments, business plan implementation and financial results;
● oversight of internal controls over financial reporting; and
● review of employee compensation and its relationship to our business plans.
Due to the small size and early stage of the Company, we have not adopted a formal policy on whether the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions should be separate or combined.
Compensation Committee Related Function
The Board does not currently have a standing compensation committee, and thus we do not have a compensation committee charter. Due to our small size and limited operations to date, the Board determined that it was appropriate for the entire Board to act as the compensation committee. The full Board currently has the responsibility for reviewing and establishing compensation for executive officers and making policy decisions concerning salaries and incentive compensation for executive officers of the Company.
The Company’s executive compensation program is administered by the Board, which determines the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers of the Company. In reviewing the compensation of the individual executive officers (other than the Chief Executive Officer), the Board considers the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer, published compensation surveys and current market conditions.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to, among other persons, our principal executive officers, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit 14.1.
Director Independence
We use the definition of “independence” of The NASDAQ Stock Market to make this determination. NASDAQ Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) provides that an “independent director” is a person other than an officer or employee of the company or any other individual having a relationship, which, in the opinion of the Company’s Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. The NASDAQ listing rules provide that a director cannot be considered independent if:
● The director is, or at any time during the past three years was, an employee of the company;
● The director or a family member of the director accepted any compensation from the company in excess of $120,000 during any period of 12 consecutive months within the three years preceding the independence determination (subject to certain exclusions, including, among other things, compensation for board or board committee service);
● A family member of the director is, or at any time during the past three years was, an executive officer of the company;
● The director or a family member of the director is a partner in, controlling stockholder of, or an executive officer of an entity to which the company made, or from which the company received, payments in the current or any of the past three fiscal years that exceed 5% of the recipient’s consolidated gross revenue for that year or $200,000, whichever is greater (subject to certain exclusions);
● The director or a family member of the director is employed as an executive officer of an entity where, at any time during the past three years, any of the executive officers of the company served on the compensation committee of such other entity; or
● The director or a family member of the director is a current partner of the company’s outside auditor, or at any time during the past three years was a partner or employee of the company’s outside auditor, and who worked on the company’s audit.
Under such definitions, none of our directors can be considered an independent director.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11 - EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation of Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information regarding each element of compensation that was paid or awarded to the named executive officers of the Company for the periods indicated.
Name and Principal Position Year Salary
($) Bonus
($) Stock Awards
($) Option Awards
($) Non-Equity
Incentive Plan Compensation
($) All Other Compensation
($) Total
($)
Boris (Baruch) Goldstein 180,000 - - 51,757 (4) - - 231,757
Chairman and Executive Vice President 32,000 - - 13,689 (3) - - 45,689
Vadim Sakharov(1) 45,000 - -
- - 45,000
Former President and Chief Technology Officer 20,000 - - 3,422 (5) - - 23,422
Mark Corrao (2) 15,000 - - - - - 18,000
Chief Financial Officer 18,000 - - - - - 18,000
(1) Mr. Sakharov resigned as a director and as President and Chief Technology Officer on September 22, 2020. Mr. Sakharov also previously served as Chief Executive Officer. He resigned as Chief Executive Officer on January 25, 2019.
(2) Mr. Corrao commenced his position as an at-will, part-time CFO of the Company in August 2018. He is paid a monthly fee for his services of $1,500.
(3) Represents grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The following assumptions were used in the valuation: (i) expected life 10 years, (ii) volatility of 77%, (iii) risk free rate of 2.71% (iv) dividend rate of zero, (v) stock price of $0.042, and (vi) exercise price of $0.75.
(4) Represents grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The following assumptions were used in the valuation: (i) expected life 10 years, (ii) volatility of 76%, (iii) risk free rate of 1.57% (iv) dividend rate of zero, (v) stock price of $0.12, and (vi) exercise price of $0.75.
(5) Represents grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The following assumptions were used in the valuation: (i) expected life 10 years, (ii) volatility of 77%, (iii) risk free rate of 2.71% (iv) dividend rate of zero, (v) stock price of $0.042, and (vi) exercise price of $0.75.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table presents the outstanding equity awards held by each of the named executive officers as of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Option Awards Stock Awards
Name Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Exercisable Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Unexercisable Option
Exercise
Price
Option
Expiration
Date Number of
Shares or
Units of
Stock That
Have Not
Vested Market
value of
Shares of
Units of
Stock That
Have Not
Vested Equity Incentive
Plan Awards:
Number of
Unearned Shares,
Units or Other
Rights That Have
Not Vested Equity Incentive
Plan Awards:
Market or Payout
Value of
Unearned Shares,
Units or Other
Rights That Have
Not Vested
Boris Goldstein 800,000 - $ 0.75 01/14/29 - - - -
Boris Goldstein 400,000 400,000 $ 0.75 01/30/30 - - - -
Long-Term Incentive Plans and Awards
In August, 2018, our board of directors adopted and stockholders approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. There were 1,800,000 outstanding equity awards granted under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan as of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Director Compensation
There were no amounts paid or stock awards made to our non-employee directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Messrs. Goldstein and Sakharov (a former director and executive officer of the Company) received compensation for their services to the Company as set forth under the summary compensation table above. In 2020, our directors were entitled to reimbursement for expenses incurred by them in connection with attending board meetings. Our directors also were eligible for stock option grants and other equity grants.
In January 2021, we adopted a new compensation plan for our non-employee directors, pursuant to which each of our non-employee directors shall receive:
(a) a monthly stipend in consideration of their services to the Company equal to $2,500 in cash for each full month of service on the Board (the “Monthly Stipend”); and
(b) options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (or equivalent equity security) valued at $25,000 based upon the most recent closing price of the Company’s common stock, to be issued at the end of each year of continuous service on the Board, commencing on the twelve (12) month anniversary of the date that the new compensation plan was adopted.
Employment Agreements
Boris Goldstein
On March 25, 2020, the Company and Mr. Goldstein entered into an employment agreement, effective as of January 30, 2020 (the “Goldstein Employment Agreement”). Under the Goldstein Employment Agreement, Mr. Goldstein will receive an initial annual base salary of $180,000, which shall be reviewed annually and may be increased, but not decreased, by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, or if there be no such Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors (in either case, the “Committee”). In addition, Mr. Goldstein shall be eligible to receive an annual cash bonus equal to a target of 50% of his annual base salary, based on the Company’s achievement of certain performance metrics and goals as may be determined by the Committee in consultation with Mr. Goldstein prior to or promptly following the beginning of each fiscal year. Mr. Goldstein shall also be entitled to participate in any stock option, performance share, performance unit or other equity based long-term incentive compensation plan, program or arrangement generally made available to senior executive officers of the Company, pursuant to which the Company issued to Mr. Goldstein options to purchase 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.75 per share, which shall vest ratably on a quarterly basis over the following two years.
In the event Mr. Goldstein’s employment is terminated as a result of death or disability, Mr. Goldstein or his estate shall be provided any earned base salary, any earned but unpaid annual bonus for the year prior to termination (the “Prior Year Bonus”), a pro-rated annual bonus for the year of termination (the “Pro-Rated Bonus), if any, reimbursement of any unpaid business expenses and accrued vacation, and, in the event of termination for disability, all benefits payable under any employee benefit plan applicable at the time of termination.
In the event Mr. Goldstein’s employment is terminated for cause or by Mr. Goldstein without good reason, Mr. Goldstein shall forfeit the right to receive any and all further payments under the Goldstein Employment Agreement, other than the right to receive any unpaid earned annual base salary, the Prior Year Bonus, reimbursement of business expenses and accrued vacation, if any, and benefits payable under any employee benefit plan applicable at the time of termination, in each case as accrued through the date of termination.
In the event Mr. Goldstein’s employment is terminated by Mr. Goldstein for good reason or by the Company without cause, Mr. Goldstein shall be paid (i) his accrued but unpaid annual base salary as of the termination date, (ii) his annual base salary then in effect for a period of 24 months after the date of termination (or 60 months if the termination without cause or for good reason occurs within 24 months of a change of control (as defined in the Goldstein Employment Agreement)), (iii) the target annual bonus for the year of termination, if any, (iv) any unpaid Prior Year Bonus, (v) reimbursement of unpaid business expenses and the dollar value of any unused and accrued vacation days, and (vi) 100% of the cost of premiums for COBRA for a period of 12 months from the date of termination. In addition, 100% of any unvested portion of Mr. Goldstein’s outstanding option grants shall immediately vest and become exercisable and remain exercisable for the periods specified in such option.
The Goldstein Employment Agreement contains customary non-competition and non-solicitation provisions in favor of the Company. Mr. Goldstein also agreed to customary terms regarding confidentiality and ownership of intellectual property.
Vadim Sakharov
On March 25, 2020, the Company and Mr. Sakharov entered into an employment agreement, effective as of January 30, 2020 (the “Sakharov Employment Agreement”). Under the Sakharov Employment Agreement, Mr. Sakharov will receive an initial annual base salary of $60,000, which shall be reviewed annually and may be increased, but not decreased, by the Committee. In addition, Mr. Sakharov shall be eligible to receive an annual cash bonus equal to a target of 50% of his annual base salary, based on the Company’s achievement of certain performance metrics and goals as may be determined by the Committee in consultation with Mr. Sakharov prior to or promptly following the beginning of each fiscal year. Mr. Sakharov shall also be entitled to participate in any stock option, performance share, performance unit or other equity based long-term incentive compensation plan, program or arrangement generally made available to senior executive officers of the Company, pursuant to which the Company issued to Mr. Sakharov options to purchase 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.75 per share, which shall vest ratably on a quarterly basis over the following two years.
In the event Mr. Sakharov’s employment is terminated as a result of death or disability, Mr. Sakharov or his estate shall be provided any earned base salary, any earned but unpaid annual bonus for the year prior to termination (the “Prior Year Bonus”), a pro-rated annual bonus for the year of termination (the “Pro-Rated Bonus), if any, reimbursement of any unpaid business expenses and accrued vacation, and, in the event of termination for disability, all benefits payable under any employee benefit plan applicable at the time of termination.
In the event Mr. Sakharov’s employment is terminated for cause or by Mr. Sakharov without good reason, Mr. Sakharov shall forfeit the right to receive any and all further payments under the Sakharov Employment Agreement, other than the right to receive any unpaid earned annual base salary, the Prior Year Bonus, reimbursement of business expenses and accrued vacation, if any, and benefits payable under any employee benefit plan applicable at the time of termination, in each case as accrued through the date of termination.
In the event Mr. Sakharov’s employment is terminated by Mr. Sakharov for good reason or by the Company without cause, Mr. Sakharov shall be paid (i) his accrued but unpaid annual base salary as of the termination date, (ii) his annual base salary then in effect for a period of 4 months after the date of termination (or 6 months if the termination without cause or for good reason occurs within 24 months of a change of control (as defined in the Sakharov Employment Agreement)), (iii) the target annual bonus for the year of termination, if any, (iv) any unpaid Prior Year Bonus, (v) reimbursement of unpaid business expenses and the dollar value of any unused and accrued vacation days, and (vi) 100% of the cost of premiums for COBRA for a period of 12 months from the date of termination. In addition, 100% of any unvested portion of Mr. Sakharov’s outstanding option grants shall immediately vest and become exercisable and remain exercisable for the periods specified in such option.
The Sakharov Employment Agreement contains customary non-competition and non-solicitation provisions in favor of the Company. Mr. Sakharov also agreed to customary terms regarding confidentiality and ownership of intellectual property.
As noted above, Mr. Sakharov resigned as a director, President and Chief Technology Officer of the Company on September 22, 2020.
Limits on Liability and Indemnification
We provide directors and officers insurance for our current directors and officers.
Our certificate of incorporation eliminates the personal liability of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. The certificate of incorporation further provides that the Company will indemnify its officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. We believe that this indemnification covers at least negligence on the part of the indemnified parties. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons under the foregoing provisions or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is therefore unenforceable.
Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans
Our directors and executive officers may adopt written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell shares of our common stock on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The director or officer may amend a Rule 10b5-1 plan in some circumstances and may terminate a plan at any time. Our directors and executive officers also may buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material non-public information subject to compliance with the terms of our insider trading policy.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12 - SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table shows the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of April 12, 2021 held by (i) each person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of our common stock; (ii) each director; (iii) each executive officer; and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and generally includes voting power and/or investment power with respect to the securities held. Shares of common stock subject to options and warrants currently exercisable or which may become exercisable within 60 days of April 12, 2021 are deemed outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding such options or warrants for purposes of computing the number of shares and percentage beneficially owned by such person, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage beneficially owned by any other person. Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table, the persons or entities named have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock shown as beneficially owned by them.
The following table provides for percentage ownership assuming 19,706,086 shares are issued and outstanding as of April 12, 2021. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial holder of our Common Stock is our corporate address.
Name of Beneficial Owner Shares of
Common
Stock
Beneficially
Owned % of
Shares of
Common
Stock
Beneficially
Owned
Greater Than 5% Stockholders
High Technology Capital Fund LP(1) 6,749,000 34.2 %
Lifestyle Healthcare LLC(2) 1,384,980 7.0 %
Andrew Brown(3)(6) 1,840,829 9.3 %
Thomas J Caleca(7) 1,585,145 8.0 %
Named Executive Officers and Directors
Boris (Baruch) Goldstein(1)(4) 8,824,575 41.8 %
Nickolay Kukekov(5) 1,501,759 7.6 %
Mark Corrao - -
All Directors and Officers as a Group (3 persons) 10,326,334 48.7 %
(1) Dr. Goldstein is the manager of High Technology Capital Management LLC (“LLC”), the general partner of High Technology Capital Fund LP (“LP”). As the manager of the LLC, Dr. Goldstein has voting and dispositive control over the shares owned by the LP. Dr. Goldstein disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(2) The address of Lifestyle Healthcare is 4524 Westway Avenue, Dallas, TX 75205. Nickolay Kukekov has voting and dispositive power over the shares. Dr. Kukekov disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(3) The address of Mr. Brown is 300 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ 07601.
(4) Of such shares, 6,749,000 are held of record by High Technology Capital Fund LP and 337,450 are held of record by Irina Migalina, Dr. Goldstein’s wife. Includes an aggregate of 1,400,000 options that have vested or will vest within 60 days of April 12, 2021. Dr. Goldstein disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(5) Includes 1,384,980 held by Lifestyle Healthcare LLC and 100,000 shares of our common stock underlying warrants and 16,779 share of common stock underlying options issued to Dr. Kukekov. Dr. Kukekov disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Lifestyle except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(6) Includes approximately 131,766 shares of our common stock underlying convertible grid notes that are convertible within 60 days of April 12, 2021.
(7) Includes approximately 131,766 shares of our common stock underlying convertible grid notes that are convertible within 60 days of April 12, 2021.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13 - CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we purchased an aggregate of $406,187 of medical devices for resale and distribution from Neurotech, a company that Mr. Sakharov, a former director and executive officer of the Company, is a shareholder and executive manager.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had expenses related to research and development costs of $26,920 and $50,713, respectively, to an entity controlled by Mr. Sakharov a former director and executive officer of the Company.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had expenses related to marketing and sales costs of $53,578 and $0, respectively, to entities controlled by the Company’s Chairman.
Related Person Transaction Policy
The Board reviews, approves and oversees any transaction between us and any related person and any other potential conflict of interest situations on an ongoing basis, in accordance with our policies and procedures, and develops policies and procedures for the approval of related party transactions. Prior to consideration of a transaction with a related person, the material facts as to the related person’s relationship or interest in the transaction are disclosed to the disinterested directors. The transaction is not approved unless a majority of the members of the Board who are not interested in the transaction approve the transaction. The Board takes into account, among other factors that it deems appropriate, whether the related person transaction is on terms no less favorable to us than terms generally available in a transaction with an unrelated third-party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related person’s interest in the related person transaction. Our current policy with respect to approval of related person transactions is not set forth in writing.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14 - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
The Board has selected the independent accounting firm of Sadler, Gibb & Associates, LLC (“Sadler Gibb”) to audit the accounts of the Company for the year ending December 31, 2020.
The Board received the following information concerning the fees of the independent accountants for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, has considered whether the provision of these services is compatible with independence of the independent accountants, and concluded that it is:
Year Ended
12/31/20 12/31/19
Audit Fees (1) $ 79,160 $ 42,000
Audit-Related Fees - -
Tax Fees - -
All Other Fees - -
(1) Audit fees represents fees for the integrated audit of our annual consolidated financial statements and reviews of the interim consolidated financial statements, and review of audit-related SEC filings; also includes fees related to issuing comfort letter(s). Also includes tax filing fees.
Audit and tax fees include administrative overhead charges and reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our board of directors has not yet adopted a policy on pre-approval of audit and permissible non-audit services.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15 - EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Financial Statements
Our financial statements as set forth in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements attached hereto commencing on page are hereby incorporated by reference.
(b) Exhibits
The following exhibits, which are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K, are filed herewith or, as noted, incorporated by reference herein.
Exhibit No.
Document
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization by and among Brain Scientific Inc., ASGI Acquisition Company and Memory MD, Inc. dated as of September 21, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
3(i)
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Brain Scientific Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 24, 2018)
3(ii)
Amended and Restated By-Laws of Brain Scientific Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
4.1
Form of Common Stock Certificate (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
4.2
Form of Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2019).
10.1
Patent Assignment and License Back Agreement, dated May 2018, by and among Boris Goldstein, Dmitriy Prilutskiy, Stanislav Zabodaev, Memory MD, Inc. and (c) Medical Computer Systems Ltd. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
10.2
Agreement, dated as of September 21, 2018, between Brain Scientific Inc. and Amer Samad (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
10.3
Sublease Agreement dated as of May 9, 2017 by and between Memory MD, Inc. and Nano Graphene Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
10.4*
Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
10.5*
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement pursuant to 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
10.6
Form of Subscription Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 11, 2019)
10.7
Form of Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 11, 2019)
10.8
Securities Purchase Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2020)
10.9
Convertible Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2020)
10.10
Warrant (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2020)
10.11
Non-Convertible Promissory Note dated February 21, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2020)
10.12
Allonge to Convertible Promissory Note dated February 28, 2020 ($130,000) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2020)
10.13
Allonge to Convertible Promissory Note dated February 28, 2020 ($100,000) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2020)
10.14*
Boris Goldstein Employment Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2020)
10.15*
Vadim Sakharov Employment Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2020)
10.16
Convertible Grid Promissory Note, dated April 21, 2020, issued to Thomas J. Caleca (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2020)
10.17
Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated April 21, 2020, issued to Thomas J. Caleca (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2020)
10.18
Convertible Grid Promissory Note, dated April 21, 2020, issued to Andrew Brown (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2020)
10.19
Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated April 21, 2020, issued to Andrew Brown (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2020)
10.20
Allonge to Promissory Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 29, 2020)
10.21
Allonge to Promissory Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 3, 2020)
10.22
Allonge to Promissory Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 11, 2020)
10.23
Securities Purchase Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2020)
10.24
8% Convertible Redeemable Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2020)
10.25
Securities Purchase Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 29, 2020)
10.26
Promissory Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 29, 2020)
10.27
Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Warrant A) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 29, 2020)
10.28
Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Warrant B) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 29, 2020)
10.29
Allonge #2 to Promissory Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 3, 2020)
10.30
Allonge to Non-Convertible Promissory Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2020)
10.31
Securities Purchase Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2020)
10.32
12% Senior Secured Promissory Note (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2020)
10.33
Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Warrant A) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2020)
10.34
Common Stock Purchase Warrant (Warrant B) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2020)
10.35
Security Agreement (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2020)
14.1
Code of Ethics (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2020)
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2018)
31.1
Certification Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13(a)-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Boris Goldstein, Principal Executive Officer)
31.2
Certification Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13(a)-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Mark Corrao, Chief Financial Officer)
32.1
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Boris Goldstein, Principal Executive Officer)
32.2
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Mark Corrao, Chief Financial Officer)
101.INS
XBRL Instance.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation.
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
** Filed herewith.