EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1475348
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1475348_10-K_2022_0001475348-22-000009.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
General
Luther Burbank Corporation is a bank holding company incorporated on May 14, 1991 under the laws of the state of California and is headquartered in Santa Rosa, California. The Company operates primarily through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings, a California banking corporation originally chartered in 1983 in Santa Rosa, California. The Bank conducts its business from its headquarters in Gardena, CA.
The Company also owns Burbank Financial Inc., a real estate investment company, and Luther Burbank Statutory Trusts I and II, entities created to issue trust preferred securities.
The Company's principal business is attracting deposits from the general public and investing those funds in a variety of loans, including permanent mortgage loans and construction loans secured by residential, multifamily, and commercial real estate. The Company specializes in real estate secured lending in metropolitan areas in the western U.S., including our recent expansion to Colorado, Utah and Arizona, and has developed expertise in multifamily residential, jumbo nonconforming single family residential and commercial real estate lending.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We qualify as an ‘‘emerging growth company’’ under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"). An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to other public companies. Among other factors, as an emerging growth company:
•we may present less than five years of selected financial data;
•we are exempt from the requirement to provide an opinion from our auditors on the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
•we may choose not to comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB");
•we are permitted to provide less extensive disclosure regarding our executive compensation arrangements pursuant to the rules applicable to smaller reporting companies, which means we do not have to include a compensation discussion and analysis and other disclosure regarding our executive compensation in this Annual Report; and
•we are not required to hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements.
We can elect to opt out of the extended transition period for adopting any new or revised accounting standards. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we may adopt the standard for the private company.
We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years from the date of our IPO unless we earlier cease to qualify as an emerging growth company. We will cease to qualify as an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual gross revenues, as that amount may be periodically adjusted by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), we become a ‘‘large accelerated filer,’’ including having more than $700.0 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in a three-year period.
We expect to take advantage of the reduced reporting and other requirements of the JOBS Act with respect to the periodic reports we will file with the SEC and proxy statements that we use to solicit proxies from our shareholders. In accordance with the requirements of the JOBS Act, our eligibility as an emerging growth company is expected to expire on December 31, 2022, which is the last day of the fiscal year following the five year anniversary from the date of our initial public offering.
Business Strategies
We intend to continue executing our strategic plan by focusing on the following key objectives:
•Continued organic lending growth in our markets. Our primary focus is to grow our customer base within our strategic markets and to expand the penetration of our existing multifamily, single family and commercial real estate lending activities within these markets in the western United States, which have historically had strong job growth, strong economic growth and limited affordable housing. These markets include major metropolitan markets in the western U.S., including our recent expansion to Colorado, Utah and Arizona. The high cost of living and high barriers to entry make these markets attractive for investments in affordable rental housing for low- and middle-income tenants. Robust job markets, strong single family residential demand, high average housing costs, and concentrations of professional, highly skilled and high income workers, entrepreneurs and other high net worth individuals make our markets ideal for our portfolio single family residential lending activities.
We believe we have a competitive advantage over larger national financial institutions, which lack our level of personalized service, and over smaller community banks, which lack our product and market expertise. We intend to capture additional market share by deepening our relationships with current customers and supporting our bankers in their pursuit of new customers in our target markets. We will also consider the opportunistic lift-out of key personnel or teams from other financial institutions. We believe that our stable, income producing property focus and our existing customer profile lends itself to expanded lending in our existing markets, as well as new markets.
•Deepen customer relationships and grow our deposit base. We provide a high level of customer service to our depositors. Our historical focus for our deposit production activities was on individual savings deposits from high net worth, primarily self-employed individuals, entrepreneurs and professionals, and we did not emphasize transactional accounts. This strategy has produced a stable customer base. We have expanded our focus in recent years, and invested in personnel, business and compliance processes and technology that enable us to acquire, and efficiently and effectively serve, a wider array of consumer transactional accounts and business deposit accounts while continuing to provide the level of customer service for which we are known to our consumer depositors. We have also increased outreach in high-density, small to medium sized business markets where the Bank already operates. We also provide comprehensive online and mobile banking products to our business and consumer depositors to complement our branch network.
We believe that our current customer base contains additional untapped cross-selling opportunities. We plan to continue to grow our non-brokered, consumer and business deposits by:
•cross-selling business deposit relationships to our existing consumer customers who are business operators;
•cross-selling business and consumer accounts to our multifamily and single family loan borrowers;
•obtaining new individual and business customers, including specialty deposit customers, such as fiduciary service providers, 1031 exchange companies, unions, homeowners associations, nonprofits and California-licensed cannabis businesses;
•increasing our digital market presence including the use of social media; and
•continuing to evaluate new branches, via de novo activity and/or acquisition, in key markets in the western United States.
We will also continue to cross-sell existing customers, and solicit new ones, for additional lending opportunities in our markets, and to develop niche verticals, where our credit underwriting expertise and efficient operations can yield an attractive risk-adjusted return. Our cross-selling efforts to existing customers will be strategically targeted, based on our in depth analyses of our customers’ overall financial profile, cash flows, financial resources and banking requirements.
•Disciplined credit quality and robust risk management. We are committed to being a high performing organization, and we intend to operate in a disciplined manner. Risk management is a core competency of our business, demonstrated by the strong credit performance of our portfolio. We have comprehensive policies and procedures for credit underwriting, monitoring our loan portfolio and internal risk management including managing our interest rate risk, compliance risk, reputation risk, legal risk and other risks inherent
in our operations. The sound credit practices followed by our bankers allow credit decisions to be made efficiently and consistently. We attribute our success to a strong credit culture, the continuous evaluation of risk and return and the strict separation between business development and credit decision making, coupled with a robust risk management framework. Our focus on credit and risk management has enabled us to originate large volumes of loans successfully while maintaining strong asset quality.
•Disciplined cost management. We intend to continue to foster a culture of efficiency through hands-on management, prudent expense management, and a small number of large deposit balance branches. With a continuing emphasis on process improvements, we believe that we can support growth in assets, customers and our geographic footprint without significant additional investment in our infrastructure or significant expansion of our personnel. We believe that our existing network of branches and loan production offices, as well as non-branch and online customer and deposit development activities, have significant potential to continue to grow loan and deposit balances. We will continue to be highly selective as we explore opportunities for establishing additional strategically located branches in markets that present significant opportunity for multifamily and commercial real estate lending, single family residential lending, and high net worth consumer and business banking relationships.
Market Area
Our operations are primarily concentrated in demographically desirable major metropolitan areas on the West Coast located in the states of California, Washington and Oregon. We have ten full service branches in California located in Sonoma, Marin, Santa Clara, and Los Angeles Counties and one full service branch in Washington located in King County. We also operate six loan production offices located throughout California, as well as a loan production office in Clackamas County, Oregon. We are most active in the following metropolitan areas: Santa Rosa (Sonoma County), Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, San Diego, and Seattle. We are seeking to more deeply penetrate these markets, and other major metropolitan markets that share key demographic characteristics with our markets. In late 2021, we added a loan officer dedicated to expanding our geographical reach to Arizona, Colorado and Utah.
Competition
We operate in a highly competitive industry and in highly competitive markets throughout the western United States. While our commercial real estate and jumbo single family residential focuses require significant expertise to perform efficiently, competition in commercial real estate lending is keen from large banking institutions with national operations and mid-sized regional banking institutions, while in the single family lending market, we face competition from a wide array of institutions. We compete with other community banks, credit unions, mortgage companies, insurance companies, finance companies, as well as other kinds of financial institutions and enterprises, such as securities firms, insurance companies, private lenders and nontraditional competitors such as fintech companies and internet-based lenders, depositories and payment systems. The primary factors driving competition for deposits are customer service, interest rates, fees charged, branch locations and hours, online and mobile banking functionality, the range of products offered and the reputation/public perception of an institution. The primary factors driving competition for our lending products are customer service, range of products offered, price, reputation, and quality of execution. We believe the Bank is a strong competitor in our markets; however, other competitors have advantages over us. Among the advantages that many of these large institutions have over the Bank are their abilities to finance extensive advertising campaigns, maintain extensive branch networks, generate fee and other noninterest income, make larger technology investments and offer services that we do not offer. The higher capitalization of the larger institutions permits them to provide higher lending limits than we can, although our current lending limit is able to accommodate the credit needs of most of our borrowers. Some of these competitors have other advantages, such as tax exemption in the case of credit unions, and to some extent, lesser regulation in the case of mortgage companies and finance companies.
Our primary multifamily competitor is JPMorgan Chase & Co. Additional competitors include, but are not limited to, Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc., First Foundation, Inc., Homestreet Bank and Umpqua Bank. Our primary single family lending competitors in our markets are MUFG Union Bank, N.A., Fremont Bank, WaFd Bank, Florida Capital Bank, various non-bank mortgage lenders, and large national banks. Our primary deposit competitors are local regional banks, community banks, numerous credit unions and large national banks.
Lending Activities
The primary components of our loan portfolio are multifamily and commercial real estate loans and single family residential loans, primarily jumbo loans which do not meet the requirements for conforming loans.
•Multifamily and Commercial Real Estate Lending.
Our commercial real estate loans consist primarily of first mortgage loans made for the purpose of purchase, refinance or build-out of tenant improvements on investor owned multifamily residential (five or more units) properties. We also provide loans for the purchase, refinance or improvement of office, retail and light industrial properties.
Our underwriting guidelines for multifamily and other commercial real estate loans require a thorough analysis of the financial performance, cash flows, loan to value and debt service coverage ratios, as well as the physical characteristics of the property being financed and which will stand as collateral for the loan, as well as the financial condition and global cash flows of the borrower and any guarantor or other secondary source of repayment. We also closely review the experience of the borrower and its principals in the ownership, successful management and financing of multifamily residential rental properties or other rental commercial real estate, as well as their reputation for quality business practices and financial responsibility.
The location of the property is a primary factor in the Bank’s multifamily lending. We focus on markets with a high barrier to entry for new development, where there is a limited supply of new housing and where there is a high variance between the cost to rent and the cost to own. Our core lending areas are currently defined as:
•Alameda, Contra Costa, Los Angeles, Marin, Napa, Orange, San Diego, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Sonoma and Ventura counties in California;
•Clark, King, Kitsap, Pierce and Snohomish counties in Washington;
•Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington counties in Oregon:
•Maricopa county in Arizona;
•Denver and Arapahoe counties in Colorado; and
•Davis, Salt Lake, Utah and Weber counties in Utah.
Our extended core lending areas are currently defined as:
•El Dorado, Monterey, Placer, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz and Solano counties in California;
•Spokane and Thurston counties in Washington; and
•Lane and Marion counties in Oregon.
We may re-evaluate and revise the definitions of our core and extended core areas from time to time. Non-core markets include all markets in California, Washington and Oregon not categorized as core or extended core.
We make multifamily loans on a recourse or nonrecourse basis. We may require borrowers to provide personal guarantees in a variety of circumstances, including where a borrower lacks sufficient property ownership and management experience, or where specific loan characteristics do not meet our stringent underwriting criteria, including but not limited to loans with higher loan to value ratios or lower debt service coverage ratios. Loans on other commercial real estate are generally made on a comparable basis.
Our multifamily loans typically have a 30-year term, while our nonresidential commercial property loans have a 30-year amortization period, and are typically due in ten years. For commercial real estate, we offer adjustable rate loans based on Treasury indices, with an adjustable rate, 5-year hybrid product being our most common multifamily loan product type. Historically, our multifamily adjustable rate loans were originated primarily using the LIBOR index; however, use of this index was discontinued during 2019. We seek to have interest rates on all of our commercial loans adjust or reprice no later than ten years after origination, and quarterly or semi-annually thereafter, but our ability to obtain this term is subject to the effects of market competition, customer preferences and other factors beyond our control.
Our multifamily loans and other commercial real estate loans are primarily originated on a retail basis, through the marketing efforts of our bankers and loan production offices, and to a lesser extent, are originated on a wholesale basis, through a network of brokers. We intend to maintain a balance of both retail and wholesale loan originations, while tailoring our approach to the characteristics of each particular
market. While our multifamily and other commercial real estate loans are generally held in portfolio, we may at times sell pools of loans as a means of managing our loan product concentrations, liquidity position, capital levels and/or interest rate risk.
•Single Family Residential Lending.
Our single family residential lending provides loans for the purchase or refinance of 1-4 family residential properties. The financed properties may be owner-occupied, or investor owned, and may be a primary residence, a second home or vacation property, or an investment property.
We currently originate substantially all of our single family residential loans through a network of wholesale brokers. We monitor and regularly review our broker relationships for regulatory compliance, integrity, competence and level of activity. The primary products offered are 3, 5, 7, and 10-year variable rate hybrid loans and, to a lesser extent, the Grow and Daisy loan products described below.
The markets in which we make single family residential loans have historically been the same core and extended core markets in which we make multifamily residential and commercial real estate loans. These areas have been characterized by robust job markets, strong single family residential demand, high average housing cost, and concentrations of professional, highly skilled and high income workers, entrepreneurs and other high net worth individuals. These characteristics have provided a strong market for our jumbo mortgage products. Our loans are underwritten to our financial parameters of loan to value and debt to income ratios. Our underwriting includes a thorough analysis of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, based on reviews of information regarding the borrower’s income, cash flow and wealth. This analysis enables us to provide loans to professionals, business owners and entrepreneurs who may not have a constant, readily documentable earnings stream, but substantial assets, income and wealth. Our platform and niche lending offerings are designed to meet the needs of the high demand, low supply residential real estate market in high cost market areas, and are focused on delivering certainty of execution. Our single family residential loans are generally held in portfolio, although we reserve the right to sell any loan at any time.
•Grow and Daisy.
We also offer a portfolio 30-year fixed rate first mortgage and a forgivable second mortgage designed to make home ownership possible and affordable even in our high cost markets. Our ‘‘Grow’’ program is designed as a conventional, community lending mortgage, up to the conforming loan amount, that offers underwriting flexibility to low- and moderate-income borrowers and borrowers purchasing properties located in low- or moderate- income communities. Loans in this program are 30-year fixed rate mortgages made on owner-occupied single family (one and two unit) properties, including condominiums. Pricing on this product is competitive at market rate.
In conjunction with the Grow program, we also offer a down payment and closing cost assistance product, called ‘‘Daisy.’’ Under the Daisy program, eligible borrowers may take advantage of our second lien loan that provides up to two percent of the purchase price with an additional one percent for non-recurring closing costs to assist first time homebuyers when utilizing Grow, our first lien program. The loan has a term of 36 months with no payment required during the term of the Daisy loan. Daisy loans are not recorded as assets, but are instead expensed upon origination given their fully forgivable nature.
Loans under the Grow and Daisy programs help meet compelling needs in our communities, but may be associated with higher loan to value and combined loan to value ratios when compared to our standard portfolio products.
Investment Activities
Our investment securities portfolio is primarily maintained as an on-balance sheet contingent source of liquidity. It provides additional interest income and has limited interest rate risk and credit risk. Other than certain securities purchased for Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA") purposes, we generally classify all of our investment securities as available for sale. Our investment policy authorizes investment primarily in U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. Agency mortgage and loan backed securities and certain CRA qualifying investments. For purposes of our investment policy, U.S. Agencies are the Small Business Administration ("SBA"), the National Credit Union Administration ("NCUA"), the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), the Federal Farm Credit
Banks Funding Corporation and the U.S. Department of Education (guarantee of Sallie Mae securities). Securities issued by the SBA, NCUA and GNMA are backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government.
Funding Activities
Deposits.
We offer a wide array of deposit products for individuals and businesses, including interest and noninterest-bearing transaction accounts, certificates of deposit ("CD") and money market accounts. We provide a high level of customer service to our depositors. As a means of supplementing our strategically located branch network, we offer our consumer customers unlimited free ATM access worldwide on the MoneyPass and Allpoint networks. Our strategy has produced a stable customer and depositor base. We have invested in personnel, business and compliance processes and technology that enable us to acquire, and efficiently and effectively serve, a wide array of business deposit accounts, while continuing to provide the level of customer service for which we are known to our depositors.
Our deposits are currently acquired primarily through our branch network on a retail basis from high net worth individuals, professionals and their businesses, who value our financial strength, stability, high level of service and competitive interest rates. We have expanded our focus to leverage our relationships and serve business and individuals with a broader array of deposit, card and cash management products. We intend to increase our digital marketing presence to attract deposits within a wider geographic band surrounding our existing branch locations.
We currently offer a comprehensive range of business deposit products and services to assist with the banking needs of our business customers, from a basic reserve account (savings and CD products) to integrated operating accounts with cash management capacity. Our online banking platform allows a customer to view balances, initiate payments, pay bills and set up custom alerts/statements. Online wires, ACH and remote capture are additional account features available to qualified businesses. Our debit cards allow access to cash worldwide as a result of our membership in major ATM networks. We also provide online and mobile banking products to our depositors, to complement our branch network.
We grow our deposits by cross-selling business deposit relationships to our existing consumer customers who are business owners, and consumer and business accounts to our multifamily and single family loan borrowers and by obtaining new individual and business customers, including specialty deposit customers, such as fiduciary services providers, 1031 exchange companies, unions, nonprofits and California-licensed cannabis businesses. Our cross-selling efforts to existing customers are strategically targeted, based on our in depth analyses of our customers’ overall financial situation, global cash flows, financial resources and banking requirements. We believe there is additional capacity to expand deposit and lending relationships on this basis.
We supplement customer deposits with wholesale, or brokered, deposits where necessary to fund loan demand prior to raising additional customer deposits, or where desirable from a cost or liability maturity standpoint. Our current policy limits the use of wholesale deposits in accordance with our risk appetite level as determined by our board of directors.
Borrowings.
We supplement the funding provided by our deposit accounts with other borrowings at the Bank level from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco ("FHLB") to enable us to fund loans and to meet liquidity needs. We also maintain a line of credit at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB") Discount Window, which is generally not used but provides an additional source of funding, if necessary. The use of FHLB borrowings can vary significantly from period to period, as the ability to originate loans may outpace the ability to obtain core deposits at acceptable rates and in comparable amounts.
Risk Management
We believe that effective risk management is of primary importance. Risk management refers to the activities by which we identify, measure, monitor, evaluate and manage the risks we face in the course of our banking activities. These include liquidity, interest rate, credit, operational, compliance, regulatory, strategic, financial and reputational risk exposures. Our board of directors and management team have created a risk-conscious culture that is focused on quality growth, which starts with capable and experienced risk management teams and infrastructure capable of addressing the evolving risks we face, as well as the changing regulatory and compliance landscape. Our risk
management approach employs comprehensive policies and processes to establish robust governance and emphasizes personal ownership and accountability for risk with all our employees. We believe a disciplined and conservative underwriting approach has been the key to our strong asset quality.
Our board of directors sets the tone at the top of our organization, adopting and overseeing the implementation of our Bank’s risk management framework, which establishes our overall risk appetite and risk management strategy. The board of directors approves our Risk Appetite Statement, which includes risk policies, procedures, limits, targets and reporting, structured to guide decisions regarding the appropriate balance between risk and return considerations in our business. Our board of directors receives periodic reporting on risks and control environment effectiveness and monitors risk levels in relation to the approved risk appetite. The Audit & Risk Committee of our board of directors provides oversight of all enterprise risk management. The Executive Committee of management is charged with identifying, managing and controlling key risks that threaten our ability to achieve our strategic initiatives and goals.
Credit risk is the risk that borrowers or counterparties will be unable or unwilling to repay their obligations in accordance with the underlying contractual terms and the risk that credit collateral will suffer significant deterioration in market value. We manage and control credit risk in our loan portfolio by adhering to well-defined underwriting criteria and account administration standards established by management and approved by the board of directors. Written credit policies document underwriting standards, approval levels, exposure limits and other limits or standards deemed necessary and prudent. Portfolio diversification at the obligor, product and geographic levels is actively managed to mitigate concentration risk. In addition, credit risk management includes an independent credit review process that assesses compliance with commercial real estate and consumer credit policies, risk rating standards and other critical credit information. In addition to implementing risk management practices that are based upon established and sound lending practices, we adhere to sound credit principles. We understand and evaluate our customers’ borrowing needs and capacity to repay, in conjunction with their character and history. The Bank’s Credit Council, which includes our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Credit Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Risk Officer, is responsible for ensuring that the Bank has an effective credit risk management program and credit risk rating system, adheres to our board’s Risk Appetite Statement, and maintains an adequate allowance for loan losses. Our management and board of directors place significant focus on maintaining a healthy risk profile and ensuring sustainable growth. Our risk appetite seeks to balance the risks necessary to achieve our strategic goals while ensuring that our risks are appropriately managed and remain within our defined limits.
Our management of interest rate and liquidity risk is overseen by our Asset and Liability Council, which is chaired by our Chief Financial Officer, based on a risk management infrastructure approved by our board of directors that outlines reporting and measurement requirements. In particular, this infrastructure reviews financial performance, trends, and significant variances to budget; reviews and recommends for board approval risk limits and tolerances; reviews ongoing monitoring and reporting regarding our performance with respect to these areas of risk, including compliance with board-approved risk limits and stress-testing; reviews and recommends to the Executive Committee for approval any changes to theories, mathematics, methodologies, assumptions, and data output for models used to measure these risks; ensures annual back-testing and independent validation of models at a frequency commensurate with risk level; reviews all hedging strategies and recommends changes as appropriate; reviews and recommends our contingency funding plan; recommends to the Executive Committee proposed wholesale borrowing limits to be submitted to the board of directors or its designated committee; recommends to the Executive Committee the proposed terms of any unanticipated long-term borrowing arrangement prior to debt issuance; develops recommended capital requirements; and reviews information and reports submitted to this council for the purpose of identifying, investigating, and assuring remediation of any potential issues.
Internet Access to Company Documents
The Company provides access to its SEC filings through its web site at www.lutherburbanksavings.com. After accessing the web site, the filings are available upon selecting "About Us/Investor Relations/Financials/SEC Filings." Reports available include the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Further, the SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. All website addresses given in this document are for information only and are not intended to be an active link or to incorporate any website information into this document.
Luther Burbank Corporation Foundation
In 2017, we established the Luther Burbank Corporation Foundation ("Foundation") which was granted 501(c)(3) status by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). The Foundation is an all-volunteer organization primarily funded by the Company, as well as from our directors and a corporate giving program that matches employee donations. The Foundation focuses its activities in our communities on the three priority areas of (1) social and human services; (2) community development; and (3) education.
Human Capital
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had 281 and 277 employees, respectively, nearly all of whom are full-time. As a financial institution, approximately 27% of our employees are employed at our branch and loan production offices. The remaining portion of our employees generally work from our administrative offices in Northern and Southern California. Our business is highly dependent on the success of our employees, who provide value to our customers and communities through their dedication to our mission, which is to improve the financial future of our customers, employees and shareholders. Our core values are based on acting ethically and with integrity to provide superior service to our customers and each other with the goal of achieving our mantra that “you’re worth more here”. To further promote our core values, we acknowledge and reward employees throughout the year that exemplify these values.
We seek to hire well-qualified employees who are also a good fit for our value system. In 2021 and 2020, 44% and 47%, respectively, of our new hires were from an employee referral. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, our employee voluntary turnover ratios were 16% and 13%, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 52% and 42%, respectively, of our employees were employed with us for five years or longer. Our selection and promotion processes are without bias and include the active recruitment of minorities and women. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, individuals from underrepresented groups filled 61% and 62%, respectively, of the Company's promotions and hirings, increasing from 52% during the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2021, women represented 67% of our workforce and 63% of our executive management team. As of December 31, 2021, the population of our workforce, based on employee self-reported information or Human Resources’ observation, was as follows:
(a) Minorities are defined as all U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission categories other than white.
We strive to provide a competitive compensation and benefits program to help meet the needs of our employees. In addition to salaries, these programs include incentive compensation plans, stock awards, a 401(k) Plan with an employer matching contribution, healthcare and insurance benefits, health savings and flexible spending accounts, paid time off, family leave and an employee assistance program.
The safety, health and wellness of our employees is a top priority. During both 2021 and 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented a unique challenge with regard to maintaining employee safety while performing our daily operations. Through teamwork and the adaptability of our management and staff, we have safely transitioned the majority of our non-branch employees to remote working arrangements. In addition, because financial institutions have been designated as an essential component of our nation’s critical infrastructure, all of our branches have remained open throughout the pandemic. To limit our branch employees' exposure to risks related to COVID-19, we have expanded our phone support systems and enhanced branch safety protocols. In recognition of the demands on families caused by the pandemic and other related precautionary measures, our employees are also being permitted to utilize a flexible work schedule to maintain our Company's productivity while fulfilling personal
responsibilities. We have also provided other benefits such as wellness allowances for customer facing employees, as well as paid time off and counseling services for employees requiring additional assistance. On an ongoing basis, we further promote the health and wellness of our employees by strongly encouraging work-life balance, keeping the employee portion of health care premiums to a minimum and sponsoring various educational and wellness programs.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In the course of our business operations, we are exposed to numerous risks, some of which are inherent in the financial services industry and others of which are more specific to our own business. The discussion below addresses the material factors, of which we are currently aware, that could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. The risk factors below should not be considered a complete list of potential risks that we may face. Any risk factor described in this Form 10-K or in any of our SEC filings could by itself, or together with other factors, materially adversely affect our liquidity, competitive position, reputation, results of operations, capital position or financial condition, including by materially increasing our expenses or decreasing our revenues, which could result in material losses.
Some statements in these risk factors constitute forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please refer to the section entitled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Economic and Market Conditions Risk
Our business and operations may be materially adversely affected by weak economic conditions. Our business and operations, which primarily consist of banking activities, including lending money to customers in the form of real estate secured loans and borrowing money from customers in the form of deposits, are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the U.S. generally, and on the West Coast in particular, which may differ from economic conditions in the U.S. as a whole. If economic conditions in the U.S. or any of our markets weaken, our growth and profitability from our operations could be constrained. In addition, economic and political conditions could affect the stability of global financial markets, which could hinder economic growth. Our business is also significantly affected by monetary and related policies of the U.S. federal government and its agencies. Changes in any of these policies are influenced by macroeconomic conditions and other factors that are beyond our control. Adverse economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences including, but not limited to, the conflict in Ukraine and related developments, pandemics, unemployment, changes in securities markets, declines in the housing market, a tightening credit environment or other factors, and U.S. and foreign government policy responses to such conditions including, but not limited to, sanctions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business and operations may be materially adversely affected by the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, and the ultimate impact will depend on highly uncertain future developments, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic. Since March 13, 2020, the U.S. has been operating under a state of emergency declared in response to the spread of COVID-19. Many local and state governments, including the State of California, have also taken actions in response to the COVD-19 pandemic. We are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the U.S. generally, and on the West Coast in particular. The duration and impacts of the pandemic and governmental authorities’ responses to it are not yet known or knowable. Circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic and related events continue to change quickly. The spread of COVID-19, the emergence of new variants, and government responses to the pandemic and such variants, have resulted in increased volatility in financial markets and the closure, at times, of non-essential businesses in our markets. The extent of COVID-19’s impact on us is unpredictable and depends on a number of factors outside of our control, such as the scope and duration of the pandemic, the nature and scope of any resulting economic downturn, the emergence of COVID-19 variants, customer response, and actions that governmental authorities may take in response to the pandemic. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is not possible to predict the ultimate impact of the pandemic on our stock price, business prospects, financial condition or results of operations. COVID-19, and governmental authorities’ responses to it, may also result in prolonged adverse economic conditions which could constrain our growth and profitability from our operations, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Uncertainty regarding, and the phasing out of, LIBOR may adversely affect our results of operations. We have financial instruments that are priced based on variable interest rates tied to LIBOR. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling
banks to submit LIBOR rates after 2021. On November 30, 2020, to facilitate an orderly LIBOR transition, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), and the Federal Reserve jointly announced that entering into new contacts using LIBOR as a reference rate after December 31, 2021 would create a safety and soundness risk. On March 5, 2021, the FCA announced that all LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator or no longer be representative immediately after December 31, 2021, in the case of 1-week and 2-month U.S. dollar LIBOR, and immediately after June 30, 2023, in the case of the remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR settings. In the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates are ongoing, and the Alternative Reference Rate Committee (“ARRC”) has recommended the use of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). SOFR is different from LIBOR in that it is a backward looking secured rate rather than a forward looking unsecured rate. These differences could lead to a greater disconnect between our costs to raise funds for SOFR as compared to LIBOR. For cash products and loans, the ARRC has also recommended Term SOFR, which is a forward looking SOFR based on SOFR futures and may in part reduce differences between SOFR and LIBOR.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $710.2 million of loans, $335.2 million of investments, $61.9 million of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures and $5.9 million of other assets that were indexed to LIBOR. There are also operational issues which may create a delay in the transition to SOFR or other substitute indices, leading to uncertainty across the industry. The implementation of a substitute index or indices for the calculation of interest rates under our loan agreements with our borrowers may cause significant expenses in effecting the transition, may result in reduced loan balances if borrowers do not accept the substitute index or indices, and may result in disputes or litigation with customers over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute index or indices, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. These consequences cannot be entirely predicted and could have an adverse impact on the market value for or value of LIBOR-linked securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to us.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk, which could adversely affect our profitability. Our profitability, like that of most financial institutions, depends to a large extent on our net interest income, which is the difference between our interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and our interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings.
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Reserve. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and securities and the interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could affect our ability to originate loans and obtain deposits, the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, and the average duration of our assets. The Federal Reserve has indicated that it intends to increase interest rates in 2022. If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, our net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected. Earnings could also be adversely affected if the interest rates received on loans and other investments fall more quickly than the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings. Any substantial, unexpected or prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our interest sensitivity profile was liability sensitive as of December 31, 2021. When short-term interest rates rise, the rate of interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits, may rise more quickly than the rate of interest that we receive on our interest-earning assets, such as loans, which may cause our net interest income to decrease. Additionally, a shrinking yield premium between short-term and long-term market interest rates, a pattern typically indicative of investors' waning expectations of future growth and inflation, commonly referred to as a flattening of the yield curve, as well as an inverted yield curve, where long-term debt instruments have a lower yield than short-term debt instruments of the same credit quality, typically reduce our profit margin since we borrow at shorter terms than the terms at which we lend and invest.
An increase in interest rates could also have a negative impact on our results of operations by reducing the ability of borrowers to repay current loan obligations. These circumstances could not only result in increased loan defaults, foreclosures and charge-offs, but also reduce collateral values and necessitate further increases to the allowance for loan losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Credit Risk
We are subject to credit risk, which could adversely impact our profitability. Our business depends on our ability to successfully measure and manage credit risk. As a lender, we are exposed to the risk that the principal of, or interest on, a loan will not be paid timely or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting a loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. In addition, we are exposed to risks with respect to the period of time over which the loan may be repaid, risks relating to loan underwriting, risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions, and risks inherent in dealing with individual loans and borrowers. The creditworthiness of a borrower is affected by many factors including local market conditions and general economic conditions. If the overall economic climate experiences material disruption, our borrowers may experience difficulties in repaying their loans, the collateral we hold may decrease in value or become illiquid, and the level of nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require significant additional provisions for loan losses. Additional factors related to the credit quality of multifamily residential and other commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans include the quality of management of the business and tenant vacancy rates.
Our risk management practices, such as monitoring the concentration of our loans within specific markets and product types and our credit approval, review and administrative practices, may not adequately reduce credit risk, and our credit administration personnel, policies and procedures may not adequately adapt to changes in economic or any other conditions affecting customers and the quality of the loan portfolio. Many of our loans are made to small businesses that are less able to withstand competitive, economic and financial pressures than larger borrowers. Consequently, we may have significant exposure if any of these borrowers become unable to pay their loan obligations as a result of economic or market conditions, or personal circumstances, such as divorce, unemployment or death. A failure to effectively measure and limit the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio may result in loan defaults, foreclosures and additional charge-offs, and may necessitate that we significantly increase our allowance for loan losses, each of which could adversely affect our net income. As a result, our inability to successfully manage credit risk could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our multifamily residential and other commercial real estate loan portfolios may carry significant credit risk. Our loan portfolio consists primarily of multifamily residential and, to a lesser extent, other CRE loans, which are primarily secured by industrial, office and retail properties. As of December 31, 2021, our multifamily residential loans totaled $4.2 billion, or 66.9% of our loan portfolio, and our other CRE loans totaled $187.1 million, or 3.0% of our loan portfolio. Nonperforming multifamily residential loans were $505 thousand at December 31, 2021. There were no nonperforming other CRE loans at December 31, 2021. CRE loans may carry significant credit risk because they typically involve large loan balances concentrated with a single borrower or groups of related borrowers. The payment on these loans that are secured by income-producing properties are typically dependent on the successful operation of the related real estate property and may subject us to risks from adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general economy. Investment in these properties by our customers is influenced by prices and return on investment, as well as changes to applicable laws regarding, among other things, rent control, moratoriums on evictions for non-payment, personal and corporate tax reform, pass-through rules, immigration and fiscal and economic policy. The collateral securing these loans typically cannot be liquidated as easily as single family residential (“SFR”) real estate, which may lead to longer holding periods. If these properties become less attractive investments, demand for our loans would decrease. In addition, unexpected deterioration in the credit quality of our multifamily residential or other CRE loan portfolios could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, which would reduce our profitability and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to increasing credit risk as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could adversely impact our profitability. We are exposed to credit risks with respect to the risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions and risks inherent in dealing with individual loans and borrowers. To the extent the economic climate in the U.S. generally, and in our market areas specifically, experiences material disruption due to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, our borrowers may experience difficulties in repaying their loans and governmental actions may preclude our ability to initiate foreclosure proceedings in certain circumstances, and as a result, the collateral we hold may decrease in value or become illiquid, and the level of nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require significant additional provisions for loan losses. Additional factors related to the credit quality of investor owned SFR, multifamily residential and other CRE loans include the duration of state and local moratoriums on evictions for non-payment of rent or other fees. Our inability to successfully manage the increased credit risk caused by the continuing COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our allowance for loan losses may be inadequate to absorb probable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We periodically review our allowance for loan losses for adequacy considering historical loss experience, volume and types of loans, trends in classification, volume and trends in delinquencies and non-accrual loans, economic conditions and other pertinent information. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses is inherently highly subjective and requires us to make significant estimates of and assumptions regarding current credit risk and future trends, all of which may change materially. Although we endeavor to maintain our allowance for loan losses at a level adequate to absorb any probable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio, these estimates of loan losses are necessarily subjective and their accuracy depends on the outcome of future events. Inaccurate management assumptions, deterioration of economic conditions affecting borrowers, declines in real estate values, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses. In addition, our regulators periodically review our loan portfolio and the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses and may require adjustments based upon judgments that are different than those of management. Differences between our actual experience and assumptions and the effectiveness of our models could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Lack of seasoning of our loan portfolio could increase risk of credit defaults in the future. As a result of our organic growth over the past several years, as of December 31, 2021, approximately $4.7 billion, or 75.4%, of the loans in our loan portfolio were originated since January 1, 2018, of which 18.1% were from in-house refinancings. In general, loans do not begin to show signs of credit deterioration or default until they have been outstanding for some period of time, a process referred to as "seasoning." As a result, a portfolio of older loans will usually behave more predictably than a newer portfolio. Although a significant portion of our multifamily portfolio is refinancings of prior loans on the same property, a large portion of our loan portfolio is relatively new, and therefore, the current level of delinquencies and defaults may not represent the level that may prevail as the portfolio becomes more seasoned and may not serve as a reliable basis for predicting the health and nature of our loan portfolio, including net charge-offs and the ratio of nonperforming assets in the future. Our limited experience with these loans does not provide us with a significant history pattern with which to judge future collectability or performance. However, we believe that our stringent credit underwriting process, our ongoing credit review processes, and our history of successful management of our loan portfolio, mitigate these risks. Nevertheless, if delinquencies and defaults increase, we may be required to increase our provision for loan losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our SFR loan portfolio possesses increased risk due to our level of non-conforming loans. Many of the SFR mortgage loans we have originated consist of loans that do not conform to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac underwriting guidelines as a result of loan terms, loan size, or other exceptions from agency underwriting guidelines. Additionally, many of our loans do not meet the qualified mortgage (“QM”) definition established by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), and therefore, contain additional regulatory and legal risks. In addition, the secondary market demand for non-conforming and non-QM mortgage loans is generally limited, and consequently, we may experience difficulties selling non-conforming loans in our portfolio should we decide to do so.
We are exposed to higher credit risk due to relationship exposure with a number of large borrowers. As of December 31, 2021, we had 25 borrowing relationships in excess of $20 million which accounted for approximately 13.4% of our loan portfolio. While we are not overly dependent on any one of these relationships and while none of these relationships have had any material credit quality issues in the past, a deterioration of any of these credit relationships could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses or result in significant losses to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Geographic Concentration and Climate Risk
Our business and operations are concentrated in California and Washington, and we are more sensitive than our more geographically diversified competitors to adverse changes in the local economy. Unlike many of our larger competitors that maintain significant operations located outside our market areas, substantially all of our customers are individuals and businesses located and doing business in the states of California and Washington. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 89% of the loans in our portfolio measured by dollar amount were secured by collateral located in California and 9% of the loans in our portfolio measured by dollar amount were secured by collateral located in Washington. In addition, 63% of our real estate loans measured by dollar amount, were secured by collateral located in southern California counties. Therefore, our success will depend upon the general economic conditions in these areas, which we cannot predict with certainty. As a result, our operations and profitability may be more adversely affected by a local economic downturn than those of large, more geographically diverse competitors. A downturn in the local economy could make it more difficult for our borrowers to repay their
loans and may lead to loan losses that are not offset by operations in other markets; it may also reduce the ability of depositors to make or maintain deposits with us. For these reasons, any regional or local economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to conduct our business could be disrupted by natural or man-made disasters. A significant number of our offices, and a significant portion of the real estate securing loans we make, and our borrowers' business operations in general, are located in California. California has had and will continue to have major earthquakes in areas where a significant portion of the collateral and assets of our borrowers are concentrated. California is also prone to natural and climate change related disasters, including fires, mudslides, floods and other disasters. We have implemented policies and procedures to monitor climate-related risks, specifically flood and wildfire risk, in our loan portfolio. Additionally, acts of terrorism, war, civil unrest, violence, or other man-made disasters could also cause disruptions to our business or to the economy as a whole. The occurrence of natural or man-made disasters could destroy, or cause a decline in the value of, mortgaged properties that serve as our collateral and increase the risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans, damage our banking facilities and offices, negatively impact regional economic conditions, result in a decline in loan demand and loan originations, result in drawdowns of deposits by customers impacted by disasters and negatively impact the implementation of our growth strategy.
We have implemented a disaster recovery and business continuity plan that allows us to move critical functions to a backup data center in the event of a catastrophe. Although this program is tested periodically, we cannot guarantee its effectiveness in any disaster scenario. Regardless of the effectiveness of our disaster recovery and business continuity plan, the occurrence of any natural or man-made disaster could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Climate change could have a material negative impact on the Company and customers. The Company’s business, as well as the operations and activities of our customers, could be negatively impacted by climate change. Climate change presents both immediate and long-term risks to the Company and its customers, and these risks are expected to increase over time. Climate change presents multi-faceted risks, including: operational risk from the physical effects of climate events on the Company and its customers’ facilities and other assets; credit risk from borrowers with significant exposure to climate risk; transition risks associated with the transition to a less carbon-dependent economy; and reputational risk from stakeholder concerns about our practices related to climate change and the Company’s carbon footprint.
Federal and state banking regulators and supervisory authorities, investors, and other stakeholders have increasingly viewed financial institutions as important in helping to address the risks related to climate change both directly and with respect to their customers, which may result in financial institutions coming under increased pressure regarding the disclosure and management of their climate risks and related lending and investment activities. Given that climate change could impose systemic risks upon the financial sector, either via disruptions in economic activity resulting from the physical impacts of climate change or changes in policies as the economy transitions to a less carbon-intensive environment, the Company may face regulatory risk of increasing focus on the Company’s resilience to climate-related risks, including in the context of stress testing for various climate stress scenarios. Ongoing legislative or regulatory uncertainties and changes regarding climate risk management and practices may result in higher regulatory, compliance, credit, and reputational risks and costs.
With the increased importance and focus on climate change, we are making efforts to enhance our governance of climate change-related risks and integrate climate considerations into our risk governance framework. Nonetheless, the risks associated with climate change are rapidly changing and evolving in an escalating fashion, making them difficult to assess due to limited data and other uncertainties. We could experience increased expenses resulting from strategic planning, litigation, and technology and market changes, and reputational harm as a result of negative public sentiment, regulatory scrutiny, and reduced investor and stakeholder confidence due to our response to climate change and our climate change strategy, which, in turn, could have a material negative impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and meet our obligations as they become due and failure to maintain sufficient liquidity could materially adversely affect our growth, business, profitability and financial condition. Liquidity is essential to our business. Liquidity risk is the potential that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner and without adverse conditions or consequences. We require sufficient liquidity to fund asset growth, meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities and withdrawals, payments on our
debt obligations as they come due and other cash commitments under both normal operating conditions and other unpredictable circumstances, including events causing industry or general financial market stress. Liquidity risk can increase due to a number of factors, including an over-reliance on a particular source of funding or market-wide phenomena such as market dislocation and major disasters. Factors that could detrimentally impact access to liquidity sources include, but are not limited to, a decrease in the level of our deposit activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our loans are concentrated, adverse regulatory actions against us, or changes in the liquidity needs of our depositors. Market conditions or other events could also negatively affect the level or cost of funding, affecting our ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, meet contractual obligations, and fund asset growth and new business transactions at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner, and without adverse consequences. Our inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans, and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our business, and could result in the closure of the Bank. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on acceptable terms could be impaired by factors that affect our organization specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general. Any substantial, unexpected, and/or prolonged change in the level or cost of liquidity could impair our ability to fund operations and meet our obligations as they become due and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on customer deposits, advances from the FHLB and brokered deposits to fund our operations. Although we have historically been able to replace maturing deposits and advances, if desired, we may not be able to replace such funds in the future if our financial condition, our CRA rating, the financial condition of the FHLB or market conditions change. FHLB borrowings and other current sources of liquidity may not be available or, if available, sufficient to provide adequate funding for operations.
We may not be able to retain or grow our core deposit base, which could adversely impact our funding costs. Like many financial institutions, we rely on customer deposits as our primary source of funding for our lending activities, and we continue to seek customer deposits to maintain this funding base. Our future growth will largely depend on our ability to retain and grow our deposit base. As of December 31, 2021, we had $5.5 billion in deposits and a loan to deposit ratio of 114%, which is higher than the level maintained by many other banks. As of the same date, using deposit account related information such as tax identification numbers, account vesting and account size, we estimated that $1.4 billion of our deposits exceeded the insurance limits established by the FDIC. None of our deposits are governmental deposits secured by collateral. Although we have historically maintained a high deposit customer retention rate, these deposits are subject to potentially dramatic fluctuations in availability or price due to certain factors outside of our control, such as increasing competitive pressures, changes in interest rates and returns on other investment classes, customer perceptions of our financial health and general reputation, or a loss of confidence by customers in us or the banking sector generally, which could result in significant outflows of deposits within short periods of time or significant changes in pricing necessary to maintain current customer deposits or attract additional deposits. Any such loss of funds could result in lower loan originations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Strategic Risk
We may not be able to maintain growth, earnings or profitability consistent with our strategic plan. There can be no assurance that we will remain profitable in future periods, or, if profitable, that our overall earnings will remain consistent with our prior results of operations, or increase in the future. Sustainable growth requires that we manage our risks by following prudent loan underwriting standards, balancing loan and deposit growth without materially increasing interest rate risk or compressing our net interest margin, maintaining more than adequate capital at all times, scaling technology platforms, hiring and retaining qualified employees, and successfully implementing our strategic initiatives. Our failure to maintain a sustainable rate of growth or adequately manage the factors that have contributed to that growth could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and profitability and, therefore on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may pursue strategic acquisitions in the future, and we may not be able to overcome risks associated with such transactions. We may explore opportunities to invest in, or to acquire, other financial institutions and businesses that we believe would complement our existing business. Our investment or acquisition activities could be material to our business and involve a number of risks including the following: investing time and incurring expense associated with identifying and evaluating potential investments or acquisitions and negotiating potential transactions, resulting in our attention being diverted from the operation of our existing business; the lack of history among our management team in working together on acquisitions and related integration activities; the time, expense and difficulty of integrating the operations and personnel of the combined businesses; unexpected asset quality problems with acquired companies; inaccurate estimates and judgments used to evaluate credit, operations, management and market risks with respect to the target institution or assets; risks of impairment to goodwill;
potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of banks and businesses we acquire; an inability to realize expected synergies or returns on investment; potential disruption of our ongoing banking business; and loss of key employees or key customers following our investment or acquisition.
We may not be successful in overcoming these risks or other problems encountered in connection with potential investments or acquisitions. Our inability to overcome these risks could have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our business strategy and enhance shareholder value, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Additionally, if we record goodwill in connection with any acquisition, our financial condition and results of operation may be adversely affected if that goodwill is subsequently determined to be impaired, which would require us to take an impairment charge.
New lines of business, products, product enhancements or services may subject us to additional risk. From time to time, we may implement new lines of business or offer new products and product enhancements as well as new services within our existing lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts. In developing, implementing or marketing new lines of business, products, product enhancements or services, we may invest significant time and resources. We may underestimate the appropriate level of resources or expertise necessary to make new lines of business or products successful or to realize their expected benefits. We may not achieve the milestones set in initial timetables for the development and introduction of new lines of business, products, product enhancements or services, and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives and shifting market preferences, may also impact the ultimate implementation of a new line of business or offerings of new products, product enhancements or services. Any new line of business, product, product enhancement or service could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. We may also decide to discontinue businesses, products or services, due to lack of customer acceptance or unprofitability. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or offerings of new products, product enhancements or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Operational Risk
Operational risks are inherent in our business. Operational risks and losses can result from internal and external fraud; gaps or weaknesses in our risk management or internal control procedures; errors by employees or third-parties; failure to document transactions properly or to obtain proper authorization; failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements; failures in the models we utilize and rely on; equipment failures, including those caused by electrical, telecommunications or other essential utility outages; business continuity and data security system failures, including those caused by computer viruses, cyberattacks, unforeseen problems encountered while implementing major new computer systems, upgrades to existing systems or inadequate access to data or poor response capabilities in light of such business continuity or data security system failures; or the inadequacy or failure of systems and controls, including those of our suppliers or counterparties. Although we have implemented risk controls and loss mitigation actions, and substantial resources are devoted to developing efficient procedures, identifying and rectifying weaknesses in existing procedures and training staff, there is no assurance that such actions will be effective in controlling all of the operational risks faced by us. Failure of our risk controls and/or loss mitigation actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on third party vendors to provide key components of our business infrastructure. We rely on numerous third parties to provide us with products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day operations including, but not limited to, our core processing function and mortgage broker relationships. Accordingly, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements. The failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements or service level agreements because of changes in the vendor’s organizational structure, financial condition, support for existing products and services or strategic focus or for any other reason, could be disruptive to our operations, which in turn could have a material negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We also could be adversely affected to the extent such an agreement is not renewed by the third party vendor or is renewed on terms less favorable to us. Additionally, the bank regulatory agencies expect financial institutions to be responsible for all aspects of our vendors’ performance, including aspects which they delegate to third parties. As a result, failure of third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or fraud or misconduct on the part of employees of any of these third parties could disrupt our operations or adversely affect our reputation.
Our business may be adversely affected by an increasing prevalence of fraud and other financial crime. Our Bank is susceptible to fraudulent activity that may be committed against us or our customers which may result in
financial losses or increased costs to us or our customers, disclosure or misuse of our customer’s or our information, misappropriation of assets, privacy breaches against our customers, litigation or damage to our reputation. Such fraudulent activity may take many forms, including wire fraud, check fraud, electronic fraud, phishing, social engineering and other dishonest acts. While we have not experienced material losses due to apparent fraud or other financial crimes, the reported incidents of fraud and other financial crimes have increased overall and there can be no assurance that we will not experience such losses in the future that could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations could be negatively impacted if we are unable to attract, retain and motivate skilled employees. Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to retain key senior leaders and to attract and retain skilled employees, particularly employees with advanced expertise in credit, risk, and technology. Our success also depends on the experience of our loan officers, branch managers and bankers and their relationships with the customers and communities they serve. Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense and the costs associated with attracting and retaining them is high. Our ability to attract and retain qualified employees also is affected by perceptions of our culture and management, our reputation in the markets where we operate, and the professional opportunities we offer. If we are unable to attract, develop, and retain talented senior leadership and employees, or to implement appropriate succession plans for our senior leadership, our business could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Information Technology, Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
If the technology we use in operating our business fails, is unavailable, or does not operate to expectations, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our business depends on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems. While we have established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of systems failures and interruptions, there can be no assurance that such events will not occur or that they will be adequately addressed if they do. In addition, we outsource many aspects of our data processing and other operational functions to certain third-party providers, of particular significance is our long-term contract for core data processing with Fiserv. While we select our vendors carefully, we do not control their actions. If our vendors encounter difficulties, including those resulting from disruptions in communication services provided by a vendor, failure of a vendor to handle current or higher transaction volumes, cyber-attacks and security breaches, or if we otherwise have difficulty in communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and otherwise conduct business operations could be adversely impacted. The failure of the systems on which we rely, or the termination of a third party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations, and we could experience difficulty in implementing replacement solutions.
The occurrence of any systems failure or interruption could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, could subject us to regulatory scrutiny, or could expose us to legal liability. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in the financial services industry could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and profitability. The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes, with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements than we have. We may not be able to implement new technology-driven products and services effectively or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could harm our ability to compete effectively and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. As these technologies are improved in the future, we may be required to make significant capital expenditures in order to remain competitive, which may increase our overall expenses and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any significant disruption in or unauthorized access to our computer systems or those of third parties that we utilize in our operations, including those relating to cybersecurity or arising from cyber-attacks, could result in a loss or degradation of service or unauthorized disclosure of data, including customer and Company information, which could adversely affect our business. Our business involves the storage and transmission of customers' proprietary information, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, litigation and potential liability. While we have incurred no material cyber-attacks or
security breaches to date, our computer systems and those of third parties we use in our operations are subject to cybersecurity threats, including, but not limited to: destructive malware, ransomware, attempts to gain unauthorized access to systems or data, unauthorized release of confidential information, corruption of data, networks or systems, zero-day attacks and malicious software. We have robust measures in place to address and mitigate cyber-related risks and continue to invest in the cybersecurity and resiliency of our networks and to enhance our internal controls and processes, which are designed to protect the security of our computer systems, software, networks and other technology assets and the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information belonging to us or our customers. However, cybersecurity risk management programs are expensive to maintain and may not be effective against all potential cyber-attacks or security breaches. Moreover, as technology and cyberattacks change over time, we must continually monitor and change systems to guard against new threats. We may not know of or be able to guard against a new threat until after an attack has occurred.
A successful penetration or circumvention of the security of our systems, including those of third party providers or other financial institutions, or the failure to meet regulatory requirements for security of our systems, could cause serious negative consequences, including significant disruption of our operations, misappropriation of our confidential information or that of our customers, or damage to our computers or systems or those of our customers or counterparties, significant increases in compliance costs (such as repairing systems or adding new personnel or protection technologies), and could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws, financial loss to us or to our customers, loss of confidence in our security measures, customer dissatisfaction, significant litigation and regulatory exposure, and severe harm to our reputation, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to laws regarding the privacy, information security and protection of personal information and any violation of these laws could damage our reputation or otherwise adversely affect our business. Our business requires the collection and retention of volumes of customer data, including personally identifiable information (“PII”) in various information systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third party service providers. We also maintain important internal company data such as PII about our employees and information relating to our operations. We are subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding the privacy and protection of PII of individuals (including customers, employees, and other third parties) including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and the California Consumer Privacy Act. Various federal and state banking regulators and states have also enacted data breach notification requirements with varying levels of individual, consumer, regulatory or law enforcement notification in the event of a security breach. Ensuring that our collection, use, transfer and storage of PII complies with all applicable laws and regulations may increase our costs. Furthermore, we may not be able to ensure that customers and other third parties have appropriate controls in place to protect the confidentiality of the information that they exchange with us, particularly where such information is transmitted by electronic means. If personal, confidential or proprietary information of customers or others were to be mishandled or misused (in situations where, for example, such information was erroneously provided to parties who are not permitted to have the information or where such information was intercepted or otherwise compromised by third parties), we could be exposed to litigation or regulatory sanctions under privacy and data protection laws and regulations. Concerns regarding the effectiveness of our measures to safeguard PII, or even the perception that such measures are inadequate, could cause us to lose customers or potential customers and thereby reduce our revenue. Accordingly, any failure, or perceived failure, to comply with applicable privacy or data protection laws and regulations may subject us to inquiries, examinations and investigations that could result in requirements to modify or cease certain operations or practices or result in significant liabilities, fines or penalties, and could damage our reputation and otherwise adversely affect our operations, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Risk Management
Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risks and/or losses to us. Our risk management framework is comprised of various processes, systems and strategies designed to manage the types of risk to which we are subject, including, among others, credit, market, liquidity, operational, interest rate and compliance. Our framework also includes financial or other modeling methodologies that involve management assumptions and judgment. Our risk management framework may not be effective under all circumstances and may not adequately mitigate any risk or loss to us. If our risk management framework is not effective, we could suffer unexpected losses and our business, financial condition, results of operations or growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected. We may also be subject to potentially adverse regulatory consequences.
If we fail to design, implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or remediate any future material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"). Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable reports and prevent fraud.
Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 404”), management is required to annually assess and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and, when we cease to be an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act, include an attestation report by the Company’s independent auditors addressing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective due to the failure to cure any identified material weakness or otherwise. Moreover, even if management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. In the course of their review, our independent registered public accounting firm may not be satisfied with the internal control over financial reporting or the level at which the controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or it may interpret the relevant requirements differently from the Company. In addition, during the course of the evaluation, documentation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting, we may identify deficiencies that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the SEC deadline for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. Any such deficiencies may also subject us to adverse regulatory consequences. If we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis, may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404, and may suffer adverse regulatory consequences or violate NASDAQ's listing standards. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.
We believe that a control system, no matter how well designed and managed, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. We may not be able to identify all significant deficiencies and/or material weaknesses in our internal control in the future, and our failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent on the use of data and modeling in both our management's decision making generally, and in meeting regulatory expectations in particular. The use of statistical and quantitative models and other quantitatively-based analyses is endemic to bank decision making and regulatory compliance processes, and the employment of such analyses is becoming increasingly widespread in our operations. Liquidity stress testing, interest rate sensitivity analysis, allowance for loan loss measurement, loan portfolio stress testing and the identification of suspicious activity are examples of areas in which we are dependent on models and the data that underlies them. While these quantitative techniques and approaches improve our decision making, they also create the possibility that faulty data or flawed quantitative approaches could yield adverse outcomes or regulatory scrutiny. Secondarily, because of the complexity inherent in these approaches, misunderstanding or misuse of their outputs could similarly result in suboptimal decision making, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Legal and Regulatory Risk
Our industry is highly regulated, and the regulatory framework, together with any future legislative or regulatory changes, may have a materially adverse effect on our operations. The banking industry is highly regulated and supervised under both federal and state laws and regulations that are intended primarily for the protection of depositors, customers, the public, the banking system as a whole or the FDIC Deposit Insurance Fund, not for the protection of our shareholders and creditors. Compliance with these laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to them can impose additional compliance costs. Applicable laws and regulations govern a variety of matters, including permissible types, amounts and terms of loans and investments we may make, the maximum interest rate that may be charged, the types of deposits we may accept and the rates we may pay on such deposits, maintenance of adequate capital and liquidity, changes in control of us and our Bank, transactions between us and our Bank, handling of nonpublic information, restrictions on dividends and establishment of new offices. We must obtain approval from our regulators before engaging in certain activities, and there is risk that such approvals may not be granted, in a timely manner or at all. These requirements may constrain our operations, and the adoption of new laws and changes to or repeal of existing laws may have a further impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, the burden imposed by those federal and state regulations may place banks in general, including our Bank in particular, at a competitive disadvantage compared to non-bank competitors. Our failure to comply with any applicable laws or regulations, or regulatory policies and interpretations
of such laws and regulations, could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies or damage to our reputation, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Bank holding companies and financial institutions are extensively regulated and currently face an uncertain regulatory environment. Applicable laws, regulations, interpretations, enforcement policies and accounting principles have been subject to significant changes in recent years, and may be subject to significant future changes. Future changes may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Regulatory agencies may adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. We cannot predict the substance or effect of pending or future legislation or regulation or the application of laws and regulations to us. Compliance with current and potential regulation, as well as regulatory scrutiny, may significantly increase our costs, impede the efficiency of our internal business processes, require us to increase our regulatory capital, and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner by requiring us to expend significant time, effort and resources to ensure compliance and respond to any regulatory inquiries or investigations.
In addition, regulators may elect to alter standards or the interpretation of the standards used to measure regulatory compliance or to determine the adequacy of liquidity, risk management or other operational practices for financial institutions in a manner that impacts our ability to implement our strategy and could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the regulatory agencies have extremely broad discretion in their interpretation of laws and regulations and their assessment of the quality of our loan portfolio, securities portfolio and other assets. If any regulatory agency's assessment of the quality of our assets, operations, lending practices, investment practices, capital structure or other aspects of our business differs from our assessment, we may be required to take additional charges or undertake, or refrain from taking, actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We provide banking services to California-licensed cannabis businesses and the strict enforcement of federal laws regarding cannabis would likely result in our inability to continue this line of business and we could have legal action taken against us by the federal government. We provide deposit services to California-licensed cannabis related businesses ("CRBs"). We do not provide any extensions of credit under this program. Though medical and adult-use cannabis is legal in the state of California, its manufacture, distribution, possession, and use are prohibited under the federal Controlled Substances Act, violations of which are punishable by imprisonment and fines. Although there have been several legislative attempts to resolve the conflict between state and federal cannabis laws, Congress has passed no such legislation has to date.
In 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ") issued a memo ("Cole Memo") that outlined the DOJ's enforcement priorities with regard to cannabis and instructed federal prosecutors to focus prosecutorial efforts on eight priorities detailed in the memo. In 2018, the DOJ rescinded the Cole Memo and no subsequent guidance has been issued by the DOJ. In 2014, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN") published guidelines as a response to the issuance of the Cole Memo to provide guidance for financial institutions servicing state legal cannabis businesses. The FinCEN guidance, which remains in effect, discusses federal regulators' expectations regarding the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 compliance and due diligence protocols when a financial institution provides banking services to a CRB. Any adverse change to the FinCEN guidance or the interpretation of the guidance by federal regulators could cause us to immediately terminate our cannabis banking program. Any change in the enforcement priorities of the DOJ, FinCEN, or our federal banking regulators or our failure to comply with the FinCEN guidance could result in legal or administrative action being taken against us, and such action could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Regulatory requirements affecting our loans secured by commercial real estate could limit our ability to leverage our capital and adversely affect our growth and profitability. The federal banking agencies have issued guidance for institutions that are deemed to have concentrations in CRE lending. Institutions which are deemed to have concentrations in CRE lending pursuant to the supervisory criteria in the relevant guidance are expected to employ heightened levels of risk management with respect to their CRE portfolios, and may be required to hold higher levels of capital. We have a concentration in CRE loans, and multifamily residential real estate loans in particular, and we have experienced significant growth in our CRE portfolio in recent years. As of December 31, 2021, CRE loans represent 578% of the Company's total risk-based capital. Multifamily residential real estate loans, the vast majority of which are 50% risk weighted for regulatory capital purposes, were 551% of the Company's total risk-based capital. Management has extensive experience in CRE lending, and has implemented and continues to maintain heightened portfolio monitoring and reporting, and strong underwriting criteria with respect to its CRE
portfolio. Nevertheless, we could be required to maintain higher levels of capital as a result of our CRE concentration, which could limit our growth, require us to obtain additional capital, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Litigation and regulatory actions, including possible enforcement actions, could subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments or other requirements resulting in increased expenses or restrictions on our business activities. In the normal course of business, from time to time, we have in the past and may in the future be named as a defendant in various legal actions, arising in connection with our current and/or prior business activities. Legal actions could include claims for substantial compensatory or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. We may also, from time to time, be the subject of subpoenas, requests for information, reviews, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal) by governmental agencies regarding our current and/or prior business activities. Any such legal or regulatory actions may subject us to substantial compensatory or punitive damages, significant fines, penalties, obligations to change our business practices or other requirements resulting in increased expenses, diminished income and damage to our reputation. Our involvement in any such matters, whether tangential or otherwise and even if the matters are ultimately determined in our favor, could also cause significant harm to our reputation and divert management attention from the operation of our business. Further, any settlement, consent order or adverse judgment in connection with any formal or informal proceeding or investigation by government agencies may result in litigation, investigations or proceedings as other litigants and government agencies begin independent reviews of the same activities. As a result, legal and regulatory actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Regulatory initiatives regarding bank capital requirements may require heightened capital. Regulatory capital rules adopted in July 2013, which implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, include a common equity Tier 1 capital requirement and establish criteria that instruments must meet to be considered common equity Tier 1 capital, additional Tier 1 capital or Tier 2 capital. These enhancements were intended to both improve the quality and increase the quantity of capital required to be held by banking organizations, and to better equip the U.S. banking system to deal with adverse economic conditions. The capital rules require bank holding companies and banks to maintain a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a minimum total Tier 1 risk based capital ratio of 6%, a minimum total risk based capital ratio of 8%, and a minimum leverage ratio of 4%. Bank holding companies and banks are also required to hold a capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital of 2.5% to avoid limitations on capital distributions and discretionary executive compensation payments. The revised capital rules also require banks to maintain a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% or greater, a total capital ratio of 10% or greater and a leverage ratio of 5% or greater to be deemed "well-capitalized" for purposes of certain rules and prompt corrective action requirements. The Federal Reserve may also set higher capital requirements for holding companies whose circumstances warrant it. As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the capital conservation buffer, and the Bank qualified as "well-capitalized" for purposes of FDIC prompt corrective action regulations. Future regulatory change could impose higher capital standards. Failure to maintain capital to meet current or future regulatory requirements could have a significant material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to the anti-money laundering statutes and regulations, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions, damage our reputation and otherwise adversely affect our business. The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 ("Patriot Act"), and other laws and regulations require financial institutions, among other duties, to institute and maintain an effective anti-money laundering program and to file reports such as suspicious activity reports and currency transaction reports. We are required to comply with these and other anti-money laundering requirements. Our federal and state banking regulators, FinCEN, and other government agencies are authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of anti-money laundering requirements. We are also subject to increased scrutiny of compliance with the regulations issued and enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"). If our program is deemed deficient, we could be subject to liability, including fines, civil money penalties and other regulatory actions, which may include restrictions on our business operations and our ability to pay dividends, restrictions on mergers and acquisitions activity, restrictions on expansion, and restrictions on entering new business lines. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have significant reputational consequences for us. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are subject to numerous consumer protection laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions, damage our reputation and otherwise adversely affect our business. The Community Reinvestment Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other fair lending laws and regulations, including state laws and regulations, prohibit discriminatory lending practices by financial institutions. The Federal Trade Commission Act and the Dodd-Frank Act prohibit unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices by financial institutions. We are also subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations governing the privacy and protection of personally identifiable information of individuals (including customers, employees, and other third parties), including, but not limited to, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and the California Consumer Protection Act. A challenge to an institution's compliance with these and other consumer protections laws and regulations could result in a wide variety of sanctions, including damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, restrictions on mergers and acquisitions activity, restrictions on expansion, and restrictions on entering new business lines. Such actions could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Other Business Risks
We face significant and increasing competition in the financial services industry. The banking markets in which we operate are highly competitive and our future growth and success will depend on our ability to compete effectively in these markets. We compete for deposits, loans, and other financial services in our markets with commercial and community banks, credit unions, mortgage banking firms and online mortgage lenders, including large national financial institutions that operate in our market area. Many of these competitors are larger than us, have significantly more resources and greater brand recognition than we do, and may be able to attract customers more effectively than we can. Increased competition could require us to increase the rates we pay on deposits or lower the rates that we offer on loans, which could reduce our profitability. Our failure to compete effectively in our market could restrain our growth or cause us to lose market share, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our reputation is critical to our business, and damage to it could have a material adverse effect on us. Our ability to attract and retain customers is highly dependent upon the perceptions of consumers and commercial borrowers and depositors and other external perceptions of our products, services, trustworthiness, business practices, workplace culture, compliance practice or our financial health. Negative public opinion or damage to our brand could result from actual or alleged conduct in any number of circumstances, including lending practices, regulatory compliance, security breaches, corporate governance, sales and marketing, and employee misconduct. We have policies in place to protect our reputation and promote ethical conduct. However, these policies and procedures may not be fully effective. Negative publicity regarding our business, employees, or customers, with or without merit, may result in the loss of customers, investors and employees, litigation, a decline in revenue and increased regulatory scrutiny.
We are subject to an extensive body of accounting rules and best practices. Periodic changes to such rules may change the treatment and recognition of critical financial line items and affect our profitability. The nature of our business makes us sensitive to a large body of accounting rules in the U.S. From time to time, the governing bodies that oversee changes to accounting rules and reporting requirements may release new guidance for the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. We could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in the restatement of prior period financial statements. These changes could adversely affect our capital, regulatory capital ratios, ability to make larger loans, earnings and performance metrics. We are evaluating the impact the CECL accounting model will have on our financial results, but we may recognize a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses and retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective. We cannot yet determine the magnitude of any such one-time cumulative adjustment or of the overall impact of the new standard on our financial condition or results of operations. Any such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to an Investment in Our Common Stock
We are controlled by trusts established for the benefit of members of the Trione family, whose interests in our business may be different from yours. As of December 31, 2021, the Trione Family Trusts control 77.4% of our common stock and if they vote in the same manner, are able to determine the outcome of all matters put to a shareholder vote, including the election of directors, the approval of mergers, material acquisitions and dispositions and other extraordinary transactions, and amendments to our articles of incorporation, bylaws and other corporate governance documents. So long as the Trione Family Trusts continue to own a majority of our common stock, they will have the ability, if they vote in the same manner, to prevent any transaction that requires shareholder approval
regardless of whether others believe the transaction is in our best interests. In any of these matters, the interests of the Trione Family Trusts may differ from or conflict with the interests of other shareholders. Moreover, this concentration of stock ownership may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, if investors perceive disadvantages in owning stock of a company with a controlling group.
We may discontinue the payment of dividends on, or repurchases of, our common stock. Our stockholders are only entitled to receive such dividends as our board of directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. As of December 31, 2021, there were $9.7 million of authorized funds remaining under the current active share repurchase program initially authorized in October 2020. We are not required to pay dividends on, or effect repurchases of, our common stock and may reduce or eliminate our common stock dividend and/or share repurchase program in the future. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders is subject to the restrictions set forth in California law, by the Federal Reserve, and by certain covenants contained in our subordinated debentures. We cannot provide assurance that we will continue paying dividends on, or repurchase shares of, our common stock at current levels or at all. A reduction or discontinuance of dividends on our common stock or our share repurchase program could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters is located at 520 Third Street, Santa Rosa, California. In addition to our corporate headquarters, the Bank operates ten full service branches in California located in Sonoma, Marin, Santa Clara, and Los Angeles Counties and one full service branch in Washington located in King County. We also operate six loan production offices located throughout California, as well as a loan production office in Clackamas County, Oregon. Other than our main branch in Santa Rosa, California, which we own, we lease all of our other offices.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are party to legal actions that are routine and incidental to our business. Given the nature, scope and complexity of the extensive legal and regulatory landscape applicable to our business, we, like all banking organizations, are subject to heightened regulatory compliance and legal risk. However, based on available information, management does not expect the ultimate disposition of any or a combination of these actions to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operation.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II.

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information and Holders of Record
Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Stock Market under the trading symbol "LBC". As of March 1, 2022, we had approximately 2,614 record holders. On March 1, 2022, our stock closed at $12.74.
Stock Performance Graph
The performance graph and table below compare the cumulative total stockholder return on the common stock of the Company with the cumulative total return on the equity securities included in (i) the Russell 2000 Index, which measures the performance of the smallest 2,000 members by market cap of the Russell Index, (ii) the S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Western Region Index, which reflects the performance of publicly traded U.S. companies that do business as banks in the Western U.S., and (iii) the S&P U.S. BMI Banks Index, which reflects the performance of publicly traded U.S. companies that do business in the U.S. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the SNL Western U.S. Bank Index and SNL U.S. Bank and Thrift Index, presented in our prior year Form 10-K, were discontinued and replaced with the S&P indices above.
The graph below assumes an initial $100 investment on December 8, 2017, the date that the stock of the Company began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Stock Market through December 31, 2021, the final trading day of 2021. Data for the Russell 2000, the S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Western Region and the S&P U.S. BMI Banks indices assume reinvestment of dividends. Returns are shown on a total return basis. The performance graph represents past performance and should not be considered to be an indication of future performance. This graph is not deemed filed with the SEC.
Period Ended
Index 12/8/2017 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021
Luther Burbank Corporation 100.00 102.47 78.09 102.03 88.78 130.81
Russell 2000 Index 100.00 101.03 89.91 112.85 135.38 155.44
S&P U.S. BMI Banks - Western Region 100.00 101.92 80.7 98.4 73.64 113.55
S&P U.S. BMI Banks 100.00 100.27 83.76 115.06 100.37 136.47
Source: S&P Capital IQ Pro
Dividend Policy
Holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive dividends when, and if, declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends.
Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made by our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including general and economic conditions, industry standards, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, our ability to service debt obligations senior to our common stock, banking regulations, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, and limitations on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by the Bank to us, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant.
Because we are a bank holding company and do not engage directly in business activities of a material nature, our ability to pay any dividends on our common stock depends, in large part, upon our receipt of dividends from our Bank, which is also subject to numerous limitations on the payment of dividends under federal and state banking laws, regulations and policies.
Subject to the discretion of our board of directors, commencing in the second quarter of 2018, the Company established a regular quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. Although we currently intend to pay dividends according to our dividend policy, there can be no assurance that we will pay any dividend to holders of our stock, or as to the amount of any such dividends. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, can change the amount or frequency of this dividend or discontinue the payment of dividends entirely at any time.
The following table shows the dividends that have been declared on our common stock with respect to the periods indicated below. The per share amounts are presented to the nearest cent.
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) Amount Per Share Total Cash Dividend
Quarter ended March 31, 2020 $ 0.06 $ 3,240
Quarter ended June 30, 2020 0.06 3,038
Quarter ended September 30, 2020 0.06 3,022
Quarter ended December 31, 2020 0.06 3,014
Quarter ended March 31, 2021 0.06 3,009
Quarter ended June 30, 2021 0.06 3,006
Quarter ended September 30, 2021 0.12 6,217
Quarter ended December 31, 2021 0.12 6,214
Dividend Limitations. California law places limits on the amount of dividends the Bank may pay to the Company without prior approval. Prior regulatory approval is required to pay dividends which exceed the lesser of the Bank’s retained earnings or the Bank’s net profits for that year combined with the retained net profits for the preceding two years. State and federal bank regulatory agencies also have authority to prohibit a bank from paying dividends if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice, and the Federal Reserve has the same authority over bank holding companies. We would not be able to pay a dividend in excess of our retained earnings, or where our liabilities would exceed our assets.
The Federal Reserve has established requirements with respect to the maintenance of appropriate levels of capital by registered bank holding companies. Compliance with such standards, as presently in effect, or as they may be
amended from time to time, could possibly limit the amount of dividends that we may pay in the future. The Federal Reserve has issued guidance on the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies. In the statement, the Federal Reserve expressed its view that a holding company experiencing earnings weaknesses should not pay cash dividends exceeding its net income, or which could only be funded in ways that weaken the holding company’s financial health, such as by borrowing. Under Federal Reserve guidance, as a general matter, the board of directors of a holding company should inform the Federal Reserve and should eliminate, defer, or significantly reduce dividends if: (i) the holding company’s net income available to shareholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends; (ii) the holding company’s prospective rate of earnings retention is not consistent with its capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition; or (iii) the holding company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios. As a depository institution, the deposits of which are insured by the FDIC, the Bank may not pay dividends or distribute any of its capital assets while it remains in default on any assessment due the FDIC. The Bank currently is not in default under any of its obligations to the FDIC.
Purchases of Equity Securities
The table below summarizes the Company's monthly repurchases of equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2021:
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Program (1)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
October 1 - 31, 2021 - $ - - $ 9,811
November 1 - 30, 2021 - - - 9,811
December 1 - 31, 2021 5,791 13.21 5,791 9,735
Total 5,791 $ 13.21 5,791 $ 9,735
(1) On October 30, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock pursuant to a formal program adopted on that date (the “Plan”). The Plan has been adopted in accordance with guidelines specified by Rule 10b5-1 and under Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act and the Company’s Insider Trading Policy. On October 29, 2021, the board of directors amended the Plan to eliminate its expiration date of December 31, 2021. The amended Plan will remain open until the remaining balance of previously-authorized funds are fully utilized for repurchases pursuant to the Plan, or until the board of directors otherwise terminates the Plan.
Shares Eligible for Sale Pursuant to Rule 144
An aggregate of 35.8 million shares of common stock held by the Trione Family Trusts, which were issued in private transactions, are eligible for sale in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth the Company’s selected historical consolidated financial data for the years and as of the dates indicated. You should read this information together with Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (except as otherwise noted below) are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company’s historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of future performance.
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) As of or For the Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Statements of Income and Financial Condition Data
Net income $ 87,753 $ 39,912 $ 48,861 $ 45,060 $ 69,384
Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings (1)
$ 113,200 $ 67,209 $ 70,714 $ 66,531 $ 61,859
Total assets $ 7,179,957 $ 6,906,104 $ 7,045,828 $ 6,937,212 $ 5,704,380
Per Common Share
Diluted earnings per share (2)
$ 1.70 $ 0.75 $ 0.87 $ 0.79 $ 1.62
Book value per share $ 12.95 $ 11.75 $ 10.97 $ 10.31 $ 9.74
Tangible book value per share (1)
$ 12.88 $ 11.69 $ 10.91 $ 10.25 $ 9.68
Actual/Pro Forma Net Income and Per Common Share Data (1)
Actual/pro forma net income $ 87,753 $ 39,912 $ 48,861 $ 45,060 $ 37,834
Actual/pro forma diluted earnings per share (2)
$ 1.70 $ 0.75 $ 0.87 $ 0.79 $ 0.88
Selected Ratios
Return on average:
Assets 1.22 % 0.56 % 0.69 % 0.70 % 1.26 %
Stockholders' equity 13.64 % 6.53 % 8.15 % 7.96 % 16.30 %
Dividend payout ratio 21.02 % 30.85 % 26.67 % 35.43 % 97.72 %
Net interest margin 2.40 % 1.97 % 1.84 % 1.98 % 2.05 %
Efficiency ratio (1)
34.32 % 52.38 % 46.86 % 48.51 % 47.76 %
Noninterest expense to average assets 0.82 % 1.04 % 0.88 % 0.98 % 1.03 %
Loan to deposit ratio 113.71 % 114.92 % 119.03 % 122.59 % 127.59 %
Actual/Pro Forma Selected Ratios (1)
Actual/pro forma return on average assets 1.22 % 0.56 % 0.69 % 0.70 % 0.69 %
Actual/pro forma return on average stockholders' equity 13.64 % 6.53 % 8.15 % 7.96 % 8.89 %
Credit Quality Ratios
Allowance for loan losses to loans 0.56 % 0.76 % 0.58 % 0.56 % 0.60 %
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans 1,549.72 % 732.04 % 568.47 % 1,705.47 % 437.91 %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.03 % 0.09 % 0.09 % 0.03 % 0.12 %
Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans (0.00) % 0.01 % (0.01) % (0.01) % (0.01) %
Capital Ratios
Tier 1 leverage ratio 10.12 % 9.45 % 9.47 % 9.42 % 11.26 %
Total risk-based capital ratio 19.61 % 18.60 % 17.97 % 17.20 % 18.78 %
(1) Considered a non-GAAP financial measure. See Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - ‘‘Non-GAAP Financial Measures’’ for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Tangible book value is defined as total assets less goodwill and total liabilities. Efficiency ratio is defined as the ratio of noninterest expense to net interest income plus noninterest income. Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings is defined as net income before taxes and provision for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we calculated our pro forma net income, return on average assets and return on average stockholders' equity by adding back our franchise S-Corporation tax to net income, and using a combined C-Corporation effective tax rate for federal and California income taxes of 42.0%. This calculation reflects only the change in our status as an S-Corporation and does not give effect to any other transaction. Beginning January 1, 2018, our pro forma provision for tax expense is our actual C-Corporation provision.
(2) Diluted earnings per common share and actual/pro forma diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2017 have been adjusted retroactively to reflect a 200-for-1 stock split effective April 27, 2017.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis is based on and should be read in conjunction with Part II. Item 6. Selected Financial Data and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Because we conduct all of our material business operations through our bank subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings, the discussion and analysis relates to activities primarily conducted by the Bank.
The following discussion and analysis is intended to facilitate the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends in our business that accounted for the changes in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020, and our financial condition at December 31, 2021 as compared to our financial condition at December 31, 2020.
In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and are based on certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable but may prove to be inaccurate. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth in the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” sections of this Annual Report, may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis. Please read these sections carefully. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a bank holding company headquartered in Santa Rosa, California, and the parent company of Luther Burbank Savings, a California-chartered commercial bank headquartered in Gardena, California with $7.2 billion in assets at December 31, 2021. Our principal business is providing high-value, relationship-based banking products and services to our customers, which include real estate investors, professionals, entrepreneurs, depositors and commercial businesses. We generate most of our revenue from interest on loans and investments. Our primary source of funding for our loans is retail deposits and we place secondary reliance on wholesale funding, primarily borrowings from the FHLB and brokered deposits. Our largest expenses are interest on deposits and borrowings along with salaries and related employee benefits. Our principal lending products are real estate secured loans, consisting primarily of multifamily residential properties and jumbo single family residential properties on the West Coast.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and with general practices within the financial services industry. Application of these principles requires management to make complex and subjective estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under current circumstances. These assumptions form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from independent, objective sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Use of alternative assumptions may have resulted in significantly different estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Our most significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to our Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. We have identified the following accounting policies and estimates that, due to the difficult, subjective or complex judgments and assumptions inherent in those policies and estimates and the potential sensitivity of our financial statements to those judgments and assumptions, are critical to an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements are reasonable and appropriate.
Pursuant to the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period for adopting any new or revised accounting standards. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we may adopt the standard for the private company.
We have elected to take advantage of the scaled disclosures and other relief under the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us under the JOBS Act, so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company. In accordance with the requirements of the JOBS Act, our eligibility as an emerging growth company is expected to expire on December 31, 2022, which is the last day of the fiscal year following the five year anniversary from the date of our initial public offering.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is provided for probable incurred credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the statement of financial condition date. The allowance is increased by a provision charged to expense and can be reduced by loan principal charge-offs, net of recoveries. The allowance can also be reduced by recapturing provisions when management determines that the allowance for loan losses is more than adequate to absorb the probable incurred credit losses in the portfolio. The allowance is based on management’s assessment of various factors including, but not limited to, the nature of the loan portfolio, previous loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, the estimated value of underlying collateral, information that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, current economic conditions and the results of our ongoing reviews of the portfolio. In addition, various
regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management.
While we use available information, including independent appraisals for collateral, to estimate the extent of probable incurred loan losses within the loan portfolio, inherent uncertainties in the estimation process make it reasonably possible that ultimate losses may vary significantly from our original estimates. In addition, we utilize a number of economic variables in estimating the allowance, with the most significant drivers being unemployment and the home price index. Changes in these economic variables will typically result in incremental changes in the estimated level of our allowance. Generally, loans are partially or fully charged off when it is determined that the unpaid principal balance exceeds the current fair value of the collateral with no other likely source of repayment.
Fair Value Measurement
We use estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards for our consolidated financial statements. Fair value is defined as the exit price at which an asset may be sold or a liability may be transferred in an orderly transaction between willing and able market participants. When available, fair value is measured by looking at observable market prices for identical assets and liabilities in an active market. When these are not available, other inputs are used to model fair value such as prices of similar instruments, yield curves, prepayment speeds and credit spreads. Depending on the availability of observable inputs and prices, different valuation models could produce materially different fair value estimates. The values presented may not represent future fair values and may not be realizable.
Changes in the fair value of debt securities available for sale are recorded in our consolidated statements of financial condition and comprehensive income (loss) while changes in the fair value of equity securities, loans held for sale and derivatives are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition and in the consolidated statements of income.
Investment Securities Impairment
We assess on a quarterly basis whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security in which we have an unrealized loss is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis. In any instance, we would consider many factors, including the severity and duration of the impairment, the portion of any unrealized loss attributable to a decline in the credit quality of the issuer, our intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, and, for debt securities, external credit ratings and recent downgrades. Securities with respect to which there is an unrealized loss that is deemed to be other-than-temporary are written down to fair value.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Some of the financial measures discussed in Item 6. Selected Financial Data and Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation are ‘‘non-GAAP financial measures.’’ In accordance with SEC rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the United States in our consolidated statements financial condition, income or cash flows.
Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings is defined as net income before taxes and provision for (reversal of) loan losses. We believe the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is income before taxes. Disclosure of this measure enables investors to compare our operations to those of other banking companies before consideration of taxes and provision expense, as well as recaptures from the allowance for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we calculated our pro forma net income, return on average assets, return on average equity and per share amounts by adding back our franchise S-Corporation tax to net income, and using a combined C-Corporation effective tax rate for federal and California income taxes of 42.0%. This calculation reflects only the change in our status as an S-Corporation and does not give effect to any other transaction. Beginning January 1, 2018, our pro forma income tax expense is our actual C-Corporation tax provision. Tangible book value is defined as total assets less goodwill and total liabilities. Efficiency ratio is defined as noninterest expenses divided by operating revenue, which is equal to net interest income plus noninterest income. For the year ended December 31,
2020, we calculated a pro forma net income and efficiency ratio to reverse the impact of a material non-recurring cost incurred in connection with the prepayment of long-term FHLB borrowings.
We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our consolidated statements of financial condition, income and cash flows computed in accordance with GAAP. However, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. As such, you should not view these disclosures as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, and they are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that other banking companies use. Other banking companies may use names similar to those we use for the non-GAAP financial measures we disclose, but may calculate them differently. You should understand how we and other companies each calculate their non-GAAP financial measures when making comparisons.
The following reconciliation table provides a more detailed analysis of these non-GAAP financial measures:
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) As of or For the Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Pre-tax, Pre-provision Net Earnings
Income before provision for income taxes $ 124,000 $ 56,659 $ 69,464 $ 62,931 $ 65,231
Plus: (Reversal of) provision for loan losses (10,800) 10,550 1,250 3,600 (3,372)
Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings $ 113,200 $ 67,209 $ 70,714 $ 66,531 $ 61,859
Efficiency Ratio
Noninterest expense (numerator) $ 59,145 $ 73,934 $ 62,368 $ 62,687 $ 56,544
Net interest income 170,459 138,623 128,407 125,087 110,895
Noninterest income 1,886 2,520 4,675 4,131 7,508
Operating revenue (denominator) $ 172,345 $ 141,143 $ 133,082 $ 129,218 $ 118,403
Efficiency ratio 34.32 % 52.38 % 46.86 % 48.51 % 47.76 %
Pro Forma Efficiency Ratio (1)
Noninterest expense $ 73,934
Less: Non-recurring noninterest expense item, before income taxes (10,443)
Pro forma noninterest expense (numerator) $ 63,491
Operating revenue (denominator) $ 141,143
Pro forma efficiency ratio 44.98 %
Pro Forma Net Income (1)
Net income $ 39,912
Add: Non-recurring noninterest expense item, net income taxes 7,352
Pro forma net income $ 47,264
Actual/Pro Forma Net Income (2)
Income before provision for income taxes $ 124,000 $ 56,659 $ 69,464 $ 62,931 $ 65,231
Actual/pro forma provision for income taxes 36,247 16,747 20,603 17,871 27,397
Actual/pro forma net income (numerator) $ 87,753 $ 39,912 $ 48,861 $ 45,060 $ 37,834
Actual/Pro Forma Diluted Earnings Per Share (2)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (denominator) (3)
51,769,098 53,146,298 56,219,892 56,825,402 42,957,936
Actual/pro forma diluted earnings per share $ 1.70 $ 0.75 $ 0.87 $ 0.79 $ 0.88
Actual/Pro Forma Return on Average Assets (2)
Actual/pro forma net income (numerator)
$ 87,753 $ 39,912 $ 48,861 $ 45,060 $ 37,834
Average assets (denominator) $ 7,183,172 $ 7,092,407 $ 7,066,547 $ 6,405,931 $ 5,485,832
Actual/pro forma return on average assets 1.22 % 0.56 % 0.69 % 0.70 % 0.69 %
Actual/Pro Forma Return on Average Stockholders' Equity (2)
Actual/pro forma net income (numerator)
$ 87,753 $ 39,912 $ 48,861 $ 45,060 $ 37,834
Average stockholders' equity (denominator) $ 643,492 $ 610,770 $ 599,574 $ 566,275 $ 425,698
Actual/pro forma return on average stockholders' equity 13.64 % 6.53 % 8.15 % 7.96 % 8.89 %
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) As of or For the Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Tangible Book Value Per Share
Total assets $ 7,179,957 $ 6,906,104 $ 7,045,828 $ 6,937,212 $ 5,704,380
Less: Goodwill (3,297) (3,297) (3,297) (3,297) (3,297)
Tangible assets 7,176,660 6,902,807 7,042,531 6,933,915 5,701,083
Less: Total liabilities (6,510,824) (6,292,413) (6,431,364) (6,356,067) (5,154,635)
Tangible stockholders' equity (numerator) $ 665,836 $ 610,394 $ 611,167 $ 577,848 $ 546,448
Period end shares outstanding (denominator) 51,682,398 52,220,266 55,999,754 56,379,066 56,422,662
Tangible book value per share $ 12.88 $ 11.69 $ 10.91 $ 10.25 $ 9.68
(1) For the year ended December 31, 2020, net income and efficiency ratio are adjusted to reverse the impact of a non-recurring cost incurred in connection with the prepayment of $150 million of long-term FHLB advances in December 2020.
(2) For the year ended December 31, 2017, we calculated our pro forma net income, return on average assets and return on average stockholders' equity by adding back our franchise S-Corporation tax to net income, and using a combined C-Corporation effective tax rate for federal and California income taxes of 42.0%. This calculation reflects only the change in our status as an S-Corporation and does not give effect to any other transaction. Beginning January 1, 2018, our pro forma provision for tax expense is our actual C-Corporation provision.
(3) Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted has been adjusted retroactively for the year ended December 31, 2017 to reflect a 200-for-1 stock split effective April 27, 2017.
Key Factors Affecting Our Business
Interest Rates
Net interest income is the largest contributor to our net income and is the difference between the interest and fees earned on interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is primarily a function of the average balances and yields of these interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. These factors are influenced by internal considerations such as product mix and risk appetite, as well as external influences such as economic conditions, competition for loans and deposits and market interest rates.
The cost of our deposits and short-term wholesale borrowings is primarily based on short-term interest rates, which are largely driven by the Federal Reserve’s actions and market competition. The yields generated by our loans and securities are typically affected by short-term and long-term interest rates, which are driven by market competition and market rates often impacted by the Federal Reserve’s actions. The level of net interest income is influenced by movements in such interest rates and the pace at which such movements occur.
Based on our liability sensitivity as discussed in Item 7A. ‘‘Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk’’, increases in interest rates and/or a flatter yield curve could have an adverse impact on our net interest income. Conversely, decreases in interest rates, particularly at the short end, and/or a steepened yield curve would be expected to benefit our net interest income.
Operating Efficiency
We have invested significantly in our infrastructure, including our management, lending teams, technology systems and risk management practices. As we have begun to leverage these investments, our efficiency has generally improved.
Credit Quality
We have well established loan policies and underwriting practices that have generally resulted in very low levels of charge-offs and nonperforming assets. We strive to originate quality loans that will maintain the credit quality of our loan portfolio. However, credit trends in the markets in which we operate are largely impacted by economic conditions beyond our control and can adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Competition
The industry and businesses in which we operate are highly competitive. We may see increased competition in different areas including interest rates, underwriting standards and product offerings and loan structure. While we seek to maintain an appropriate return on our investments, we may experience continued pressure on our net
interest margin as we operate in this competitive environment.
Economic Conditions
Our business and financial performance are affected by economic conditions generally in the United States and more directly in the markets of California, Washington and Oregon where we primarily operate. The significant economic factors that are most relevant to our business and our financial performance include, but are not limited to, real estate values, interest rates and unemployment rates.
Factors Affecting Comparability of Financial Results
S-Corporation Status
We terminated our status as a “Subchapter S” corporation as of December 1, 2017, in connection with our IPO. Prior to this date, we elected to be taxed for U.S. federal income tax purposes as an S-Corporation. As a result, our earnings were not subject to, and we did not pay, U.S. federal income tax, and we were not required to make any provision or recognize any liability for U.S. federal income tax in our financial statements. While we were not subject to and did not pay U.S. federal income tax, we were subject to, and paid, California S-Corporation income tax at a rate of 3.50%.
Upon the termination of our status as an S-Corporation on December 1, 2017, we commenced paying U.S. federal income tax and a higher California income tax on our taxable earnings and our financial statements reflect a provision for both U.S. federal income tax and California income tax. As a result of this change, the net income and earnings per share data presented in our historical financial statements and the other financial information set forth in this Annual Report, which unless otherwise specified, do not include any provision for U.S. federal income tax, will not be comparable with our net income and earnings per share in periods after we commenced being taxed as a C-Corporation. As a C-Corporation, our net income is calculated by including a provision for U.S. federal income tax, currently at 21.00%, and a California income tax rate, currently at 10.84%.
As an S-Corporation, we made quarterly cash distributions to our shareholders in amounts estimated by us to be sufficient for them to pay estimated individual U.S. federal and California income tax liabilities resulting from our taxable income that was ‘‘passed through’’ to them. However, these distributions were not consistent, as sometimes the distributions were less than or in excess of the shareholders' estimated U.S. federal and California income tax liabilities resulting from their ownership of our stock. In addition, these estimates were based on individual income tax rates, which may differ from the rates imposed on the income of C-Corporations. Subsequent to the termination of our S-Corporation status on December 1, 2017, other than our obligations under the tax sharing agreement with prior S-Corporation shareholders, no further income will be ‘‘passed through’’ to shareholders for any estimated tax liabilities.
Public Company Costs
As a result of our initial public offering completed in December 2017, we are incurring additional costs associated with operating as a public company. These costs include additional personnel, legal, consulting, regulatory, insurance, accounting, investor relations and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules adopted by the SEC and national securities exchanges, requires public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable to us as a private company. These additional rules and regulations increased our legal, regulatory and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.
COVID-19
Beginning in early 2020 and continuing through December 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a disruption to almost every aspect of the economy. As a result, in March 2020, the Company implemented a lending modification initiative to support our customers financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and unable to make their scheduled loan payments. The program provided borrowers the opportunity to modify their existing real estate loans by temporarily deferring payments for a specified period of time. Modified loans under this program were generally downgraded from a Pass risk rating to a Watch risk rating at the time of their respective modification. Subsequent to the modification period, loan grades were adjusted, as necessary, in connection with the Company's proactive reassessment of loans impacted by the pandemic. Loan risk ratings are an integral part of the quantitative
calculation of our allowance for loan losses.
Further, in early 2020, we established a qualitative loan loss reserve in connection with the uncertainty related to the pandemic. This supplemental reserve has been slowly reduced as the impact of the pandemic on our loan portfolio has become less uncertain. Qualitative adjustments to our allowance specific to COVID-19 were $2.5 million and $8.4 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Management intends to closely monitor the level of this reserve and make any necessary adjustments as conditions related to the pandemic change.
All of the loans modified for pandemic related payment deferral in 2020 and 2021 had returned to scheduled monthly payments or paid off in full by June 2021. Additionally, total criticized loans have declined to $16.7 million at December 31, 2021, as compared to $57.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decline in criticized loans from the prior year end was generally attributable to the continued performance of our loans that were initially impacted by the pandemic. During the years ended December 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred no loan losses for pandemic impacted loans. The Company's exposure to nonresidential commercial real estate remains limited, totaling $187.1 million, or 3.0% of our loan portfolio, at December 31, 2021.
Results of Operations - Years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Overview
For the year ended December 31, 2021 our net income was $87.8 million as compared to $39.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase of $47.8 million, or 119.9%, was primarily attributable to an increase of $31.8 million in net interest income, a $21.4 million decrease in the provision for loan losses, and a $14.8 million decrease in noninterest expense, partially offset by an increase of $19.5 million in the provision for income taxes as compared to the prior year. Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings increased by $46.0 million, or 68.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year. Excluding the impact of a $10.4 million non-recurring cost incurred in connection with the prepayment of $150.0 million of long-term fixed rate FHLB borrowings in December 2020, pre-tax, pre-provision net income would have increased $35.5 million, or 45.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income totaled $170.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $31.8 million, compared to the prior year. The increase in net interest income was primarily impacted by lower interest expense driven by a 72 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing deposits and a $640.5 million decrease in the average balance of time deposits. Interest expense was further reduced by a decrease in the average balance and cost of FHLB advances of $96.9 million and 58 basis points, respectively. These improvements were partially offset by a decline in interest income resulting from a 26 basis point decrease in the yield on our loans and a 23 basis point decline in the yield on our investment securities, partially offset by $136.0 million increase in the average balance of multifamily loans.
Net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2021 was 2.40%, compared to 1.97% for the prior year. The increase in our margin was primarily related to the decline in the cost of our interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by the decline in the yields of our loan and investment portfolios, as discussed above. Over the year, the yield on our interest-earning assets decreased by 23 basis points, while the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 70 basis points. Our net interest spread for the year ended December 31, 2021 was 2.30%, increasing by 47 basis points as compared to last year.
Average balance sheet, interest and yield/rate analysis. The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yield earned and rates paid for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The average balances are daily averages.
For the Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019
(Dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Inc/Exp Yield/Rate Average Balance Interest Inc/Exp Yield/Rate Average Balance Interest Inc/Exp Yield/Rate
Interest-Earning Assets
Multifamily residential $ 4,199,639 $ 155,509 3.70 % $ 4,063,607 $ 155,104 3.82 % $ 3,870,897 $ 162,328 4.19 %
Single family residential 1,897,575 53,695 2.83 % 1,907,940 65,030 3.41 % 2,139,517 76,766 3.59 %
Commercial real estate 196,456 8,893 4.53 % 206,639 9,530 4.61 % 196,903 9,353 4.75 %
Construction and land 18,920 1,148 6.07 % 20,199 1,332 6.59 % 15,907 1,083 6.81 %
Total loans (1)
6,312,590 219,245 3.47 % 6,198,385 230,996 3.73 % 6,223,224 249,530 4.01 %
Investment securities 653,479 8,451 1.29 % 647,174 9,856 1.52 % 661,574 15,461 2.34 %
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 150,166 223 0.15 % 185,246 538 0.29 % 105,042 2,151 2.05 %
Total interest-earning assets 7,116,235 227,919 3.20 % 7,030,805 241,390 3.43 % 6,989,840 267,142 3.82 %
Noninterest-earning assets (2)
66,937 61,602 76,707
Total assets $ 7,183,172 $ 7,092,407 $ 7,066,547
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Transaction accounts $ 158,956 358 0.22 % $ 178,655 876 0.48 % $ 210,743 2,686 1.26 %
Money market demand accounts 2,427,599 11,889 0.48 % 1,652,109 14,862 0.88 % 1,402,608 18,181 1.28 %
Time deposits 2,750,461 23,365 0.84 % 3,390,992 57,593 1.67 % 3,538,223 84,225 2.35 %
Total deposits 5,337,016 35,612 0.66 % 5,221,756 73,331 1.38 % 5,151,574 105,092 2.01 %
FHLB advances 868,591 14,535 1.67 % 965,490 21,761 2.25 % 1,056,557 24,896 2.36 %
Junior subordinated debentures 61,857 1,015 1.64 % 61,857 1,373 2.22 % 61,857 2,447 3.96 %
Senior debt 94,596 6,298 6.66 % 94,473 6,302 6.67 % 94,350 6,300 6.68 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 6,362,060 57,460 0.90 % 6,343,576 102,767 1.60 % 6,364,338 138,735 2.16 %
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts 112,436 69,208 41,821
Noninterest-bearing liabilities 65,184 68,853 60,814
Total liabilities 6,539,680 6,481,637 6,466,973
Total stockholders' equity 643,492 610,770 599,574
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 7,183,172 $ 7,092,407 $ 7,066,547
Net interest spread (3)
2.30 % 1.83 % 1.66 %
Net interest income/margin (4)
$ 170,459 2.40 % $ 138,623 1.97 % $ 128,407 1.84 %
(1) Non-accrual loans are included in total loan balances. No adjustment has been made for these loans in the calculation of yields. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan costs, net of deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan cost amortization totaled $19.6 million, $16.2 million and $14.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2) Noninterest-earning assets includes the allowance for loan losses.
(3) Net interest spread is the average yield on total interest-earning assets minus the average rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.
(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by total average interest-earning assets.
Interest rates and operating interest differential. Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned from our interest-earning assets and interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities during the periods indicated. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the prior period’s average rate. The effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the prior period’s volume. The change in interest due to both rate and volume has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the changes in each.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2021 vs 2020
Variance Due To
(Dollars in thousands) Volume Yield/Rate Total
Interest-Earning Assets
Multifamily residential $ 5,240 $ (4,835) $ 405
Single family residential (350) (10,985) (11,335)
Commercial real estate (471) (166) (637)
Construction and land (82) (102) (184)
Total Loans 4,337 (16,088) (11,751)
Investment securities 95 (1,500) (1,405)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (89) (226) (315)
Total interest-earning assets 4,343 (17,814) (13,471)
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Transaction accounts (88) (430) (518)
Money market demand accounts 5,204 (8,177) (2,973)
Time deposits (9,426) (24,802) (34,228)
Total deposits (4,310) (33,409) (37,719)
FHLB advances (2,025) (5,201) (7,226)
Junior subordinated debentures - (358) (358)
Senior debt 7 (11) (4)
Total interest-bearing liabilities (6,328) (38,979) (45,307)
Net Interest Income $ 10,671 $ 21,165 $ 31,836
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020 vs 2019
Variance Due To
(Dollars in thousands) Volume Yield/Rate Total
Interest-Earning Assets
Multifamily residential $ 7,723 $ (14,947) $ (7,224)
Single family residential (8,021) (3,715) (11,736)
Commercial real estate 456 (279) 177
Construction and land 285 (36) 249
Total Loans 443 (18,977) (18,534)
Investment securities (328) (5,277) (5,605)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 981 (2,594) (1,613)
Total interest-earning assets 1,096 (26,848) (25,752)
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Transaction accounts 928 (1,825) (897)
Money market demand accounts 1,425 (5,657) (4,232)
Time deposits (3,348) (23,284) (26,632)
Total deposits (995) (30,766) (31,761)
FHLB advances (2,035) (1,100) (3,135)
Junior subordinated debentures - (1,074) (1,074)
Senior debt 9 (7) 2
Total interest-bearing liabilities (3,021) (32,947) (35,968)
Net Interest Income $ 4,117 $ 6,099 $ 10,216
Total interest income decreased by $13.5 million, or 5.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year. Interest income on loans decreased $11.8 million to $219.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $231.0 million for the prior year. The decline was primarily due to a 26 basis point decrease in our loan yield, as compared to the prior year due to the prepayment of higher yielding loans, which are being replaced by loans at lower current interest rates, as well as a $3.4 million increase in accelerated loan cost amortization on
prepaid loans, partially offset by a $136.0 million increase in the average balance of multifamily residential loans and a $3.2 million decline in the cost of our interest rate swaps as compared to the prior year. Additionally, interest income on investments decreased by $1.4 million primarily due to a reduced yield on investment securities of 23 basis points. The decline in our investment yield was generally caused by variable rate securities repricing to lower current interest rates, as well as the accelerated prepayment of securities backed by mortgages.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, total loans increased $247.6 million compared to a decrease of $181.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. The volume of new loans originated totaled $2.4 billion and $1.4 billion for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Volume for the current year includes the purchase of a $287.8 million pool of fixed rate single family loans in February 2021. The weighted average rate on new loans for the year ended December 31, 2021 was 3.30% compared to 3.71% for the prior year. The decline in the average coupon for current year originations compared to the prior year was due to the general lower level of market interest rates and competitive market pressures compounded by excess liquidity in financial markets. Loan payoffs and paydowns totaled $2.1 billion and $1.6 billion for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Elevated loan prepayment speeds were primarily related to customers refinancing their hybrid-ARM loans to take advantage of lower long-term interest rates. The weighted average rate on loan payoffs during the year ended December 31, 2021 was 3.93% as compared to 4.15% for the prior year.
Total interest expense decreased $45.3 million to $57.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $102.8 million for the prior year. Interest expense on deposits decreased $37.7 million to $35.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $73.3 million for the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to the cost of interest-bearing deposits decreasing 72 basis points predominantly due to our deposit portfolio repricing to lower current market interest rates, as well an increase in the proportion of non-maturity deposits within the portfolio which totaled 57.8% at year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 41.9% at December 31, 2020. Interest expense on advances from the FHLB decreased by $7.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year. This decrease was due to a decline in the average balance and cost of FHLB advances of $96.9 million and 58 basis points, respectively. We generally use both deposits and FHLB advances to fund net loan growth. We also use FHLB advances, with or without embedded interest rate caps, as a hedge of interest rate risk, as we can strategically control the duration of those funds. A discussion of instruments used to mitigate interest rate risk can be found under Part II - Item 7A. ‘‘Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.’’
Provision for Loan Losses
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we reversed provisions for loan losses totaling $10.8 million, compared to recording provisions for loan losses of $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The recaptured loan loss provisions during the current year primarily related to the reversal of reserves initially established during the year ended December 31, 2020 for the uncertain economic impact associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we recognized further reserve releases for general improvements in asset quality within our loan portfolio. The Company continues to maintain approximately $2.5 million in qualitative reserves attributed to the pandemic.
Nonperforming loans totaled $2.3 million and $6.3 million, or 0.04% and 0.10% of total loans, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2021, total criticized loans decreased by $40.3 million, or 70.7%, compared to the prior year, and finished the current year at $16.7 million. The decline in criticized loan balances was attributable to both the improvement in our loans that were initially impacted by the pandemic, as well as the upgrade and payoff of criticized and classified loans that were downgraded for reasons unrelated to the pandemic. As of June 2021, all loans modified for pandemic related payment deferral during 2020 and 2021 had returned to scheduled payments or paid off in full. Our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 0.56% at December 31, 2021 as compared to 0.76% at December 31, 2020.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income decreased by $634 thousand to $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The following table presents the major components of our noninterest income:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Increase (Decrease) % Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest Income
FHLB dividends $ 1,558 $ 1,650 $ (92) (5.6) %
Fee income 420 232 188 81.0 %
Other (92) 638 (730) (114.4) %
Total noninterest income $ 1,886 $ 2,520 $ (634) (25.2) %
The decrease in noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to a $344 thousand decline in market value on equity securities recorded during the current year compared to an increase in market value of $255 thousand recorded during the prior year. This decrease was partially offset by a $188 thousand increase in fee income due to additional deposit account fees earned primarily related our specialty deposit accounts.
Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense decreased $14.8 million, or 20.0%, to $59.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $73.9 million for 2020. The following table presents the components of our noninterest expense:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 $ Increase (Decrease) % Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and related benefits $ 38,624 $ 43,100 $ (4,476) (10.4) %
FHLB advance prepayment penalty - 10,443 (10,443) (100.0) %
Deposit insurance premium 1,920 1,905 15 0.8 %
Professional and regulatory fees 1,976 1,844 132 7.2 %
Occupancy 4,933 4,585 348 7.6 %
Depreciation and amortization 2,561 2,685 (124) (4.6) %
Data processing 3,785 3,911 (126) (3.2) %
Marketing 1,240 1,683 (443) (26.3) %
Other expenses 4,106 3,778 328 8.7 %
Total noninterest expense $ 59,145 $ 73,934 $ (14,789) (20.0) %
The decrease in noninterest expense during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year was primarily attributable to a non-recurring $10.4 million prepayment fee incurred in connection with the prepayment of $150.0 million of FHLB borrowings in December 2020. The prepayments were a strategic decision to utilize low yielding excess liquidity to reduce high cost borrowings to benefit our net interest margin in future quarters. The decrease in noninterest expense was further impacted by a $4.5 million decline in compensation costs primarily due to an increase in capitalized loan origination costs related to higher loan volumes compared to the prior year.
Our efficiency ratio was 34.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 52.4% for the prior year. Excluding the impact of the nonrecurring cost of the prepayment fee on FHLB borrowings discussed above, our efficiency ratio would have been 45.0% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Income Tax Expense
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $36.2 million and $16.7 million, respectively, with effective tax rates of 29.2% and 29.6%, respectively.
Financial Condition - As of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Total assets at December 31, 2021 were $7.2 billion, an increase of $273.9 million, or 4.0%, from December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $247.6 million increase in loans and a $49.6 million increase in
investment securities, partially offset by a $40.4 million decrease in cash as compared to December 31, 2020. Total liabilities were $6.5 billion at December 31, 2021, an increase of $218.4 million, or 3.5%, from December 31, 2020. The increase in total liabilities was primarily attributable to growth in our deposits of $273.9 million compared to the prior year end, partially offset by a decrease in FHLB advances of $55.1 million.
Loan Portfolio Composition
Our loan portfolio is our largest class of earning assets and typically provides higher yields than other types of earning assets. Associated with the higher yields is an inherent amount of credit risk which we attempt to mitigate with strong underwriting. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, our total loans amounted to $6.3 billion and $6.0 billion, respectively. The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major product type within our portfolio as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31,
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands) Amount % of total Amount % of total Amount % of total Amount % of total Amount % of total
Real estate loans
Multifamily residential $ 4,183,194 66.9 % $ 4,075,893 67.9 % $ 3,962,929 64.1 % $ 3,650,967 60.1 % $ 2,887,438 57.7 %
Single family residential 1,859,524 29.8 % 1,700,119 28.3 % 1,993,484 32.3 % 2,231,802 36.7 % 1,957,546 39.2 %
Commercial real estate 186,531 3.0 % 202,189 3.4 % 202,452 3.3 % 183,559 3.0 % 112,492 2.3 %
Construction and land 18,094 0.3 % 22,241 0.4 % 20,665 0.3 % 12,756 0.2 % 41,215 0.8 %
Total loans held for investment before deferred items 6,247,343 100.0 % 6,000,442 100.0 % 6,179,530 100.0 % 6,079,084 100.0 % 4,998,691 100.0 %
Deferred loan costs, net 50,077 49,374 51,447 51,546 42,856
Total loans $ 6,297,420 $ 6,049,816 $ 6,230,977 $ 6,130,630 $ 5,041,547
The relative composition of the loan portfolio has not changed significantly over the past few years. Our primary focus remains multifamily real estate lending, which constitutes 67% and 68% of our portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Single family residential lending is our secondary lending emphasis and represents 30% and 28% of our portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in the percentage of single family residential loans during the current year was augmented by the purchase of a $287.8 million pool of fixed-rate loans in February 2021.
We recognize that our multifamily and single family residential loan products represent concentrations within our balance sheet. Multifamily loan balances as a percentage of risk-based capital were 551% and 575% as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our single family loans as a percentage of risk-based capital were 246% and 242% as of the same dates. Additionally, our loans are geographically concentrated with borrowers and collateral properties on the West Coast. At December 31, 2021, 63%, 26% and 9% of our real estate loans were collateralized by properties in southern California counties, northern California counties and Washington, respectively, compared to 62%, 26% and 10%, respectively, at December 31, 2020.
Our lending strategy has been to focus on products and markets where we have significant expertise. Given our concentrations, we have established strong risk management practices including risk-based lending standards, self-established product and geographical limits, annual cash flow evaluations of income property loans and semi-annual stress testing.
We have a small portfolio of construction loans with commitments (funded and unfunded) totaling $38.1 million and $34.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the average loan commitment for our single family construction product, which includes small tract housing and condominium projects, and multifamily residential construction loans was $5.1 million and $6.4 million, respectively. Our construction lending typically focuses on non-owner occupied single family residential projects with completed per-unit values of $4.0 million or less and multifamily projects with loan commitments of $15.0 million or less.
The following table presents the activity in our loan portfolio for the periods shown:
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Loan Inflows:
Multifamily residential $ 1,282,311 $ 904,588 $ 891,116 $ 1,119,617 $ 1,302,896
Single family residential 768,614 494,753 591,177 828,907 726,485
Commercial real estate 2,000 12,106 38,088 84,808 63,893
Construction and land 27,612 9,583 33,618 14,555 29,010
Mortgage banking originations - - - - 18,041
Purchases 287,751 20,380 10,052 - -
Total loans originated and purchased 2,368,288 1,441,410 1,564,051 2,047,887 2,140,325
Loan Outflows:
Loan principal reductions and payoffs (2,095,438) (1,640,597) (1,376,413) (956,578) (909,387)
Portfolio loan sales (1,706) (825) (68,325) (19,603) (652,705)
Mortgage banking loan sales - - - - (25,187)
Other (1)
(23,540) 18,851 (18,966) 17,377 10,109
Total loan outflows (2,120,684) (1,622,571) (1,463,704) (958,804) (1,577,170)
Net change in total loan portfolio $ 247,604 $ (181,161) $ 100,347 $ 1,089,083 $ 563,155
(1) Other changes in loan balances primarily represent the net change in disbursements on unfunded commitments, deferred loan costs, fair value adjustments and, to the extent applicable, may include foreclosures, charge-offs, negative amortization and interest capitalized as a result of COVID-19 modifications.
Our loan portfolio increased $247.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. The growth of our loan portfolio was primarily due to an increase of $659.5 million in new loan origination volume and a purchase of a $287.8 million pool of fixed-rate single family loans, partially offset by a $454.8 million increase in loan principal reductions and payoffs. Loan curtailments increased during the current year as compared to 2020 primarily as a result of refinancing activity. In early 2020, long-term Treasury rates, which are generally correlated to lending rates, declined significantly allowing borrowers the opportunity to lock in less expensive borrowing costs. Loan prepayment speeds were 27.4% and 22.4% during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During 2017, we closed a securitization transaction resulting in the sale of $626.1 million of multifamily loans. The primary purpose of this transaction was to enable us to redeploy capital and funding to support higher-yielding assets while also reducing our reliance on wholesale funding, improving liquidity measures and reducing our concentration of multifamily loans. In that same year, mortgage banking loan sales primarily consisted of 30-year fixed rate single family residential loans that were sold through our retail mortgage banking division, which was closed during the first quarter of 2017.
Multifamily residential loans. We provide multifamily residential loans for the purchase or refinance of apartment buildings of five units or more, with the financed properties serving as collateral for the loan. Our multifamily lending is built around three core principles: market selection, deal selection and sponsor selection. We focus on markets with a high barrier to entry for new development, where there is a limited supply of new housing and where there is a high variance between the cost to rent and the cost to own. We typically lend on stabilized and seasoned assets and focus on older, smaller properties with rents at or below market levels, catering to low and middle income renters. Our customers are generally experienced real estate professionals who desire regular income/cash flow streams and are focused on building wealth steadily over time. We have instituted strong lending policies to mitigate credit and concentration risk. At December 31, 2021, our multifamily real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $1.6 million, an average unit count of 14.0 units, a weighted average loan to value of 56.9% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.5, as compared to an average loan balance of $1.6 million, an average unit count of 14.6 units, a weighted average loan to value of 56.6% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.5 at December 31, 2020.
Single family residential loans. We provide permanent financing on single family residential properties primarily located in our market areas, which are both owner-occupied and investor owned. We conduct this business primarily through a network of third party mortgage brokers with the intention of retaining these loans in our portfolio.
The majority of our originations are for purchase transactions, but we also provide loans to refinance single family properties. Our underwriting criteria focuses on debt ratios, credit scores, liquidity of the borrower and the borrower’s cash reserves. At December 31, 2021, our single family residential real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $859 thousand, a weighted average loan to value of 62.5% and a weighted average credit score at origination/refreshed of 759. At December 31, 2020, our single family residential real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $941 thousand, a weighted average loan to value of 63.9% and a weighted average credit score at origination/refreshed of 751. Compared to the prior year end, the declines in the average loan balance and weighted average loan to value, as well as the improvement in the weighted average credit score were due to the single family loan pool purchase in February 2021, discussed above.
Commercial real estate loans. While not a large part of our portfolio during any period presented, we also lend on nonresidential commercial real estate. Our commercial real estate loans are generally used to finance the purchase or refinance of established multi-tenant industrial, office and retail sites. At December 31, 2021, our commercial real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $2.1 million, a weighted average loan to value of 54.2% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.70, as compared to an average loan balance of $2.1 million, a weighted average loan to value of 55.1% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.52 at December 31, 2020. Lending in nonresidential commercial real estate has been intentionally limited since the start of the pandemic.
Construction and land. Other categories of loans included in our portfolio consist of construction and land loans. Construction loans include a single family construction product, which includes small tract housing and condominium projects, and multifamily construction projects.
The following table sets forth the contractual maturity distribution of our loan portfolio:
(Dollars in thousands) Due in 1 year or less Due after 1 year through 5 years Due after 5 years through 15 years Due after 15 years Total
As of December 31, 2021:
Loans
Real estate mortgage loans:
Multifamily residential $ 30 $ 2,225 $ 37,730 $ 4,143,209 $ 4,183,194
Single family residential 27 631 56,858 1,802,008 1,859,524
Commercial real estate - 11,403 175,128 - 186,531
Construction and land 10,648 7,446 - - 18,094
Total loans $ 10,705 $ 21,705 $ 269,716 $ 5,945,217 $ 6,247,343
Fixed interest rates $ - $ 201 $ 49,385 $ 240,337 $ 289,923
Floating or hybrid adjustable rates 10,705 21,504 220,331 5,704,880 5,957,420
Total loans $ 10,705 $ 21,705 $ 269,716 $ 5,945,217 $ 6,247,343
As of December 31, 2020:
Loans
Real estate mortgage loans:
Multifamily residential $ 9 $ 6,336 $ 31,569 $ 4,037,979 $ 4,075,893
Single family residential 35 1,143 4,989 1,693,952 1,700,119
Commercial real estate - 4,451 195,945 1,793 202,189
Construction and land 19,030 3,211 - - 22,241
Total loans $ 19,074 $ 15,141 $ 232,503 $ 5,733,724 $ 6,000,442
Fixed interest rates $ - $ 11 $ 583 $ 24,263 $ 24,857
Floating or hybrid adjustable rates 19,074 15,130 231,920 5,709,461 5,975,585
Total loans $ 19,074 $ 15,141 $ 232,503 $ 5,733,724 $ 6,000,442
Our fixed interest rate loans generally consist of 30 and 40-year loans that are primarily secured by single family residential properties, often in conjunction with our efforts to provide affordable housing financing to low-to-moderate income individuals. As discussed above, the increase in fixed rate loans at December 31, 2021 compared to the prior year was due to our purchase of a pool of fixed rate single family loans in February 2021. Our floating and adjustable rate loans are largely hybrid interest rate programs that provide an initial fixed term of three to ten years and then convert to quarterly or semi-annual repricing adjustments thereafter. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, $4.8 billion and $4.3 billion, respectively, of our floating or hybrid adjustable rate loans were at their floor rates. The weighted average minimum interest rate on loans at their floor rates was 3.75% and 4.03% at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Hybrid adjustable rate loans still within their initial fixed term totaled $5.1 billion and $5.3 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These loans had a weighted average term to first repricing date of 3.6 years and 3.3 years at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Asset Quality
Our primary objective is to maintain a high level of asset quality in our loan portfolio. We believe our underwriting practices and policies, established by experienced professionals, appropriately govern the risk profile for our loan portfolio. These policies are continually evaluated and updated as necessary. All loans are assessed and assigned a risk classification at origination based on underlying characteristics of the transaction such as collateral type, collateral cash flow, collateral coverage and borrower strength. We believe that we have a comprehensive methodology to proactively monitor our credit quality after origination. Particular emphasis is placed on our commercial portfolio where risk assessments are re-evaluated as a result of reviewing commercial property operating statements and borrower financials on at least an annual basis. Single family residential loans are subject to an annual regrading based upon a credit score refresh, among other factors. On an ongoing basis, we also monitor payment performance, delinquencies, and tax and property insurance compliance, as well as any other pertinent information that may be available to determine the collectability of a loan. We believe our practices facilitate the early detection and remediation of problems within our loan portfolio. Assigned risk ratings, as well as the evaluation of other credit metrics, are an integral part of management assessing the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses. We periodically employ the use of an outside independent consulting firm to evaluate our underwriting and risk assessment processes. Like other financial institutions, we are subject to the risk that our loan portfolio will be exposed to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.
Nonperforming assets. Our nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and foreclosed real estate, if any. It is our policy to place a loan on non-accrual status in the event that the borrower is 90 days or more delinquent, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, or earlier if the timely collection of contractual payments appears doubtful. Cash payments subsequently received on non-accrual loans are recognized as income only where the future collection of the remaining principal is considered by management to be probable. Loans are restored to accrual status only when the loan is less than 90 days delinquent and not in foreclosure, and the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest.
Troubled debt restructurings. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered TDRs. Concessions could include reductions of interest rates, extension of the maturity date at a rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, reduction of accrued interest, principal forgiveness, forbearance, or other material modifications. The assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing or will likely experience financial difficulty and whether a concession has been granted is highly subjective in nature, and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR.
In conjunction with the passage of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"), as well as the revised interagency guidance issued in April 2020, "Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working With Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised)", banks were provided the option, for loans meeting specific criteria, to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited time to account for the effects of COVID-19. As a result, the Company did not recognize eligible COVID-19 loan modifications as TDRs. Additionally, loans qualifying for these modifications were not required to be reported as delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification. Since June 2021, all loans modified for pandemic related payment deferral had returned to scheduled payments or paid off in full.
The following table provides details of our nonperforming and restructured assets as of the dates presented and certain other related information:
As of December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Non-accrual loans
Multifamily residential portfolio $ 505 $ 522 $ 541 $ 564 $ 2,250
Single family residential portfolio 1,788 5,791 5,792 1,448 4,016
Commercial real estate - - - - 656
Construction and land - - - - -
Total non-accrual loans 2,293 6,313 6,333 2,012 6,922
Real estate owned - - - - -
Total nonperforming assets $ 2,293 $ 6,313 $ 6,333 $ 2,012 $ 6,922
Performing troubled debt restructurings $ 1,204 $ 1,260 $ 1,305 $ 4,434 $ 4,857
Allowance for loan losses to period end nonperforming loans 1549.72 % 732.04 % 568.47 % 1705.47 % 437.91 %
Nonperforming loans to period end loans 0.04 % 0.10 % 0.10 % 0.03 % 0.14 %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.03 % 0.09 % 0.09 % 0.03 % 0.12 %
Nonperforming loans plus performing TDRs to total loans 0.06 % 0.13 % 0.12 % 0.11 % 0.23 %
When assessing whether a loan should be placed on non-accrual status because contractual payments appear doubtful, consideration is given to information we collect from third parties and our borrowers to substantiate their future ability to repay principal and interest due on their loans as contractually agreed.
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, $125 thousand and $122 thousand, respectively, in interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $94 thousand and $57 thousand, respectively, of interest income related to performing TDR loans. Gross interest income that would have been recorded on non-accrual loans had they been current in accordance with their original terms was $15 thousand and $169 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Potential Problem Loans. We utilize a risk grading system for our loans to aid us in evaluating the overall credit quality of our real estate loan portfolio and assessing the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses. All loans are categorized into a risk category at the time of origination, re-evaluated at least annually for proper classification in conjunction with our review of property and borrower financial information and re-evaluated for proper risk grading as new information such as payment patterns, collateral condition and other relevant information comes to our attention. We use the following industry accepted definitions for risk ratings.
•Pass: Assets are performing according to contract and have no existing or known weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. The basic underwriting criteria used to approve the loan is still valid and all payments have essentially been made as planned.
•Watch: Assets are expected to have an event occurring in the next 90 to 120 days that will lead to a change in risk rating with the change being either favorable or unfavorable. These assets require heightened monitoring of the event by management.
•Special mention: Assets have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in our credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
•Substandard: Assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and/or paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. These assets have well-defined weaknesses: the primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired (i.e., bankruptcy or loss of employment) and/or there has been a deterioration in collateral value. In addition, there is the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss, either directly or indirectly (i.e., the cost of monitoring), if the deficiencies are not corrected. Deterioration in collateral value alone does not mandate that an asset be adversely classified if such factor does not indicate that the primary source of repayment is in jeopardy.
•Doubtful: Assets have the weaknesses of those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current facts, conditions and values.
•Loss: Assets are considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as an asset, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance or charge-off, is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that an asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value; but rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off a basically worthless asset (or portion thereof) even though partial recovery may be achieved in the future.
The banking industry defines loans graded Special Mention or higher risk as ‘‘criticized’’ and loans graded Substandard or greater risk as ‘‘classified’’ loans. The following table shows our level of criticized and classified loans as of the periods indicated:
(Dollars in thousands) Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Criticized Total Classified
As of December 31, 2021:
Multifamily residential $ 4,586 $ 10,320 $ - $ - $ 14,906 $ 10,320
Single family residential - 1,788 - - 1,788 1,788
Commercial real estate - - - - - -
Construction and land - - - - - -
Total $ 4,586 $ 12,108 $ - $ - $ 16,694 $ 12,108
Classified loans to period end loans 0.19 %
As of December 31, 2020:
Multifamily residential $ 19,547 $ 20,204 $ - $ - $ 39,751 $ 20,204
Single family residential 7,132 6,547 - - 13,679 6,547
Commercial real estate 3,599 - - - 3,599 -
Construction and land - - - - - -
Total $ 30,278 $ 26,751 $ - $ - $ 57,029 $ 26,751
Classified loans to period end loans 0.44 %
As of December 31, 2019:
Multifamily residential $ 19,708 $ 1,700 $ - $ - $ 21,408 $ 1,700
Single family residential 13,635 8,808 1,600 - 24,043 10,408
Commercial real estate - - - - - -
Construction and land - - - - - -
Total $ 33,343 $ 10,508 $ 1,600 $ - $ 45,451 $ 12,108
Classified loans to period end loans 0.20 %
As of December 31, 2018:
Multifamily residential $ 2,631 $ 1,937 $ - $ - $ 4,568 $ 1,937
Single family residential 380 5,532 - - 5,912 5,532
Commercial real estate 1,489 - - - 1,489 -
Construction and land 2,537 - - - 2,537 -
Total $ 7,037 $ 7,469 $ - $ - $ 14,506 $ 7,469
Classified loans to period end loans 0.12 %
As of December 31, 2017:
Multifamily residential $ 6,621 $ 7,799 $ - $ - $ 14,420 $ 7,799
Single family residential 9,106 4,276 - - 13,382 4,276
Commercial real estate - 1,638 - - 1,638 1,638
Construction and land - - - - - -
Total $ 15,727 $ 13,713 $ - $ - $ 29,440 $ 13,713
Classified loans to period end loans 0.27 %
Potential problem loans represent loans that are currently performing but as to which there is information known to
us about possible credit problems that may result in disclosure of such loans as nonperforming at some time in the future. We define ‘‘potential problem loans’’ as loans with a risk rating of ‘‘Substandard’’, ‘‘Doubtful’’ or ‘‘Loss’’ that are not included in the amounts of non-accrual or restructured loans. As we cannot predict all circumstances that may cause our borrowers to default, there can be no assurance that these loans will not be placed on non-accrual status or become restructured. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we have identified potential problem loans totaling $9.8 million and $20.4 million, respectively, that were all classified as ‘‘Substandard’’.
Allowance for loan losses. Our allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level management believes is adequate to account for probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio as of the reporting date. We determine the allowance based on a quarterly evaluation of risk. That evaluation gives consideration to the nature of the loan portfolio, historical loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, current economic and environmental conditions and risk assessments assigned to each loan as a result of our ongoing reviews of the loan portfolio. This process involves a considerable degree of judgment and subjectivity. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management.
Our allowance is established through charges to the provision for loan losses. Loans, or portions of loans, deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Recoveries of previously charged-off amounts are credited to our allowance for loan losses. The allowance is decreased by the reversal of prior provisions when the total allowance balance is deemed excessive for the risks inherent in the portfolio. The allowance for loan losses balance is neither indicative of the specific amounts of future charge-offs that may occur, nor is it an indicator of any future loss trends.
As of December 31,
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
(Dollars in thousands) Allowance for Loan Losses % of Loans in Each Category Allowance for Loan Losses % of Loans in Each Category Allowance for Loan Losses % of Loans in Each Category Allowance for Loan Losses % of Loans in Each Category Allowance for Loan Losses % of Loans in Each Category
Multifamily residential $ 26,043 66.9 % $ 33,259 67.9 % $ 23,372 64.1 % $ 21,326 60.1 % $ 18,588 57.7 %
Single family residential 7,224 29.8 % 9,372 28.3 % 10,076 32.3 % 10,125 36.7 % 9,044 39.2 %
Commercial real estate 2,094 3.0 % 3,347 3.4 % 2,341 3.3 % 2,441 3.0 % 1,734 2.3 %
Construction and land 174 0.3 % 236 0.4 % 212 0.3 % 422 0.2 % 946 0.8 %
Total $ 35,535 100.0 % $ 46,214 100.0 % $ 36,001 100.0 % $ 34,314 100.0 % $ 30,312 100.0 %
The following table provides information on the activity within the allowance for loan losses as of and for the periods indicated:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Loans held-for-investment $ 6,297,420 $ 6,049,816 $ 6,230,977 $ 6,130,630 $ 5,041,547
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period $ 46,214 $ 36,001 $ 34,314 $ 30,312 $ 33,298
Charge-offs:
Single family residential - (722) - - (5)
Recoveries:
Multifamily residential - - - - -
Single family residential 64 85 12 12 12
Commercial real estate - - - 90 -
Construction and land 57 300 425 300 379
Total recoveries 121 385 437 402 391
Net recoveries (charge-offs) 121 (337) 437 402 386
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses (10,800) 10,550 1,250 3,600 (3,372)
Allowance for loan losses at period end $ 35,535 $ 46,214 $ 36,001 $ 34,314 $ 30,312
Allowance for loan losses to period end loans held for investment 0.56 % 0.76 % 0.58 % 0.56 % 0.60 %
Annualized net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans:
Multifamily residential 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 %
Single family residential (0.00) % 0.03 % (0.00) % (0.00) % (0.00) %
Commercial real estate - % - % - % (0.06) % 0.00 %
Construction and land (0.30) % (1.49) % (2.67) % (1.11) % (0.83) %
Annualized total net (recoveries) charge-offs total to average loans (0.00) % 0.01 % (0.01) % (0.01) % (0.01) %
Investment Portfolio
Our investment portfolio is generally comprised of government agency securities which are high-quality liquid investments under Basel III. The portfolio is primarily maintained to serve as a contingent, on-balance sheet source of liquidity and as such, is kept unencumbered. We manage our investment portfolio according to written investment policies approved by our board of directors. Our investment strategy aims to maximize earnings while maintaining liquidity in securities with minimal credit risk and interest rate risk which is reflective in the yields obtained on those securities. Most of our securities are classified as available for sale, although we occasionally purchase long-term fixed rate mortgage backed securities or municipal securities for community reinvestment purposes and classify those as held to maturity. In addition, we have equity securities which consist of investments in a qualified community reinvestment fund.
The following table presents the book value of our investment portfolio as of the dates indicated:
As of December 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands) Book Value % of Total Book Value % of Total
Available for sale debt securities:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential mortgage backed securities ("MBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") $ 200,133 30.19 % $ 216,724 35.34 %
Commercial MBS and CMOs 407,746 61.52 % 361,988 59.03 %
Agency bonds 10,831 1.63 % 15,022 2.45 %
Other asset backed securities ("ABS") 28,607 4.32 % - - %
Total available for sale debt securities 647,317 97.66 % 593,734 96.82 %
Held to maturity:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS 3,761 0.57 % 7,391 1.21 %
Other investments 68 0.01 % 76 0.01 %
Total held to maturity debt securities 3,829 0.58 % 7,467 1.22 %
Equity securities 11,693 1.76 % 12,037 1.96 %
Total investment securities $ 662,839 100.00 % $ 613,238 100.00 %
The following table presents the book value of our investment portfolio by their stated maturities, as well as the weighted average yields for each maturity range at December 31, 2021. The weighted average yield on investments is calculated based on the net interest earnings during the year divided by the average investment balance throughout the year.
Due in one year or less Due after one year through five years Due after five years through ten years Due after ten years Equity securities Total
(Dollars in thousands) Book Value Weighted average yield Book Value Weighted average yield Book Value Weighted average yield Book Value Weighted average yield Book Value Weighted average yield Book Value Weighted average yield
Available for sale:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ - - % $ 21 1.59 % $ 69 2.69 % $ 200,043 1.27 % $ - - % $ 200,133 1.27 %
Commercial MBS and CMOs - - % 25,973 0.78 % 96,996 0.57 % 284,777 1.24 % - - % 407,746 1.05 %
Agency bonds - - % - - % 7,715 0.76 % 3,116 0.76 % - - % 10,831 0.76 %
Other ABS - - % - - % - - % 28,607 0.72 % - - % 28,607 0.72 %
Held to maturity:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS - - % - - % - % 3,761 3.12 % - - % 3,761 3.12 %
Other investments - - % - - % 68 3.88 % - - % - - % 68 3.88 %
Equity Securities - - % - - % - - % - - % 11,693 1.15 % 11,693 1.15 %
Total $ - - % $ 25,994 0.78 % $ 104,848 0.59 % $ 520,304 1.23 % $ 11,693 1.15 % $ 662,839 1.11 %
The following table presents the fair value of our securities:
(Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
As of December 31, 2021:
Available for sale:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ 200,775 $ 1,225 $ (1,867) $ 200,133
Commercial MBS and CMOs 407,111 3,281 (2,646) 407,746
Agency bonds 10,587 244 - 10,831
Other ABS 28,720 37 (150) 28,607
Total available for sale 647,193 4,787 (4,663) 647,317
Held to maturity:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS 3,761 189 - 3,950
Other investments 68 - - 68
Total held to maturity 3,829 189 - 4,018
Equity securities 11,693 - - 11,693
Total investment securities $ 662,715 $ 4,976 $ (4,663) $ 663,028
As of December 31, 2020:
Available for sale:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ 213,279 $ 3,459 $ (14) $ 216,724
Commercial MBS and CMOs 355,963 6,337 (312) 361,988
Agency bonds 14,998 69 (45) 15,022
Total available for sale 584,240 9,865 (371) 593,734
Held to maturity:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS 7,391 403 - 7,794
Other investments 76 - - 76
Total held to maturity 7,467 403 - 7,870
Equity securities 12,037 - - 12,037
Total investment securities $ 603,744 $ 10,268 $ (371) $ 613,641
The unrealized losses on securities are attributed to interest rate changes rather than the marketability of the securities or the issuer’s ability to honor redemption of the obligations, as the securities with losses are primarily obligations of or guaranteed by agencies sponsored by the U.S. government. We have adequate liquidity with the ability and intent to hold these securities to maturity resulting in full recovery of the indicated impairment. Accordingly, none of the unrealized losses on these securities have been determined to be other than temporary.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the average estimated remaining life of our available for sale investment portfolio was 5.30 years and 5.34 years, respectively.
Deposits
Representing 85.1% of our total liabilities as of December 31, 2021, deposits are our primary source of funding for our business operations. We have historically maintained and grown our deposit customer base in various rate environments based on our strong customer relationships, evidenced in part by increased deposits over recent years, as well as our reputation as a safe, sound, secure and "well-capitalized" institution and our commitment to excellent customer service. We are focused on growing our deposits by deepening our relationships with our existing loan and deposit customers and looking to expand our traditional product footprint with newer emphasis placed on specialty/business affiliations and transaction accounts. When competitively priced and/or for asset liability management purposes, we will supplement our deposits with wholesale deposits.
Total deposits increased by $273.9 million, or 5.2%, to $5.5 billion at December 31, 2021 from $5.3 billion at December 31, 2020. Retail deposits increased $298.1 million, while brokered deposits declined by $24.2 million. The increase in retail deposits was primarily related to growth within our specialty deposits, while the decrease in brokered deposits was a purposeful decision by the Company to allow wholesale deposits to expire to reduce excess, low yielding cash from the balance sheet that was partially the result of the expansion in our retail deposits. During the year, the proportion of non-maturity deposits within the portfolio increased to 57.8% compared to 41.9% at December 31, 2020, while our portfolio of time deposits decreased to 42.2% from 58.1%, respectively. The change in the composition of our deposit portfolio was attributed to a combination of consumer preferences to maintain flexibility in low interest rate environments, as well as our strategic goal of increasing transaction accounts. We consider approximately 74.6% of our retail deposits at December 31, 2021 to be core deposits based on our internal methodology, which gives consideration to the tenure of customer relationships, product penetration and the relative cost of the deposit accounts.
Our loan to deposit ratio was 114% and 115% at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. It is common for us to operate with a loan to deposit ratio exceeding those commonly seen at other banks. Our higher than average ratio is attributed to our use of FHLB borrowings to supplement loan growth and to strategically manage our interest rate risk, as well as our preference to maintain a large proportion of our assets in real estate loans which generally provide a better yield than high-quality liquid investments.
The following table summarizes our deposit composition by average deposits and average rates paid for the years indicated:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands) Average amount Weighted average rate paid Percent of total deposits Average amount Weighted average rate paid Percent of total deposits
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts $ 112,436 - % 2.1 % $ 69,208 - % 1.3 %
Interest-bearing transaction accounts 158,956 0.22 % 2.9 % 178,655 0.48 % 3.4 %
Money market demand accounts 2,427,599 0.48 % 44.5 % 1,652,109 0.88 % 31.2 %
Time deposits 2,750,461 0.84 % 50.5 % 3,390,992 1.67 % 64.1 %
Total $ 5,449,452 0.64 % 100.0 % $ 5,290,964 1.36 % 100.0 %
The following table sets forth the maturity of time deposits as of December 31, 2021:
(Dollars in thousands, except for column headings) Insured Uninsured
Remaining maturity:
Three months or less $ 520,585 $ 178,145
Over three through six months 416,749 81,665
Over six through twelve months 777,727 180,961
Over twelve months 149,411 29,898
Total $ 1,864,472 $ 470,669
Percent of total deposits 33.67 % 8.50 %
The Company estimated its balance of uninsured deposits at approximately $1.4 billion at both December 31, 2021 and 2020. At the same dates, the Company had $25.8 million and $50.0 million of wholesale deposits, respectively.
FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings
In addition to deposits, we utilize collateralized FHLB borrowings to fund our asset growth. FHLB advances can, at times, have attractive rates and we have commonly used them to strategically extend the duration of our liabilities as part of our interest rate risk management. Total FHLB advances decreased $55.1 million, or 6.8%, to $751.6 million at December 31, 2021 compared to $806.7 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in FHLB advances outstanding at December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year, was due to maturing advances not being replaced during the current year. As of both December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Bank had a FHLB letter of credit outstanding totaling $62.6 million.
Historically, we have utilized other instruments such as trust preferred securities and senior debt at the bank holding company level as a source of capital for our Bank to support asset growth. We have established two trusts (the "Trusts") of which we own all the common securities, that have issued trust preferred securities, ("Trust Securities"), to investors in private placement transactions. The proceeds of the securities qualify as Tier 1 capital under the applicable regulations for community banks with total assets less than $15 billion. In accordance with GAAP, the Trusts are not consolidated in our consolidated statements of financial condition but rather, the common securities are included in our other assets and the junior subordinated debentures ("Notes") issued to the Trusts are shown as a liability. The following table is a summary of our outstanding Trust Securities and related Notes as of the dates indicated:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Date Maturity Rate Index
Issuer Amount Rate Amount Rate Issued Date (Quarterly Reset)
(Dollars in thousands)
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust I $ 41,238 1.58 % $ 41,238 1.60 % 3/1/2006 6/15/2036 3 month LIBOR + 1.38%
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust II $ 20,619 1.82 % $ 20,619 1.84 % 3/1/2007 6/15/2037 3 month LIBOR + 1.62%
We have the right to defer payment of interest on the Notes at any time or from time to time for a period not exceeding five years provided that no extension period may extend beyond the stated maturity of the relevant Note. During any such extension period, distributions on the Trust Securities will also be deferred, and our ability to pay dividends on our common stock will be restricted.
We have entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment of: (i) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Securities; (ii) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Securities called for redemption by the Trusts; and (iii) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or liquidation of the Trusts. The Trust Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the Notes, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. We have the right to redeem the Notes purchased by the Trusts, in whole or in part, on or after the redemption date. As specified in the indenture, if the Notes are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest.
In 2014, we issued senior debt totaling $95.0 million to qualified institutional investors. These senior notes are unsecured, carry a fixed interest coupon of 6.5%, pay interest only on a quarterly basis and mature on September 30, 2024. The senior debt is redeemable at any time prior to August 31, 2024, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the calculated rate for a U. S. Treasury security having a comparable remaining maturity, plus 30 basis points, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest. On or after September 1, 2024, the senior debt may be redeemed at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The following table presents information regarding our FHLB advances and other borrowings as of or for the periods indicated:
As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
FHLB advances
Average amount outstanding during the period $ 868,591 $ 965,490
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the period 1,048,647 1,040,199
Balance outstanding at end of period 751,647 806,747
Weighted average maturity (in years) 2.3 1.7
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 1.68 % 2.07 %
Weighted average interest rate during the period 1.67 % 2.25 %
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures
Balance outstanding at end of period $ 61,857 $ 61,857
Weighted average maturity (in years) 15.0 16.0
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 1.66 % 1.68 %
Weighted average interest rate during the period 1.64 % 2.22 %
Senior unsecured term notes
Balance outstanding at end of period $ 94,662 $ 94,539
Weighted average maturity (in years) 2.7 3.8
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 6.66 % 6.67 %
Weighted average interest rate during the period 6.66 % 6.67 %
Our level of FHLB advances can fluctuate on a daily basis depending on our funding needs and the availability of other sources of funds to satisfy those needs. Short-term advances allow us flexibility in funding our daily liquidity needs.
The following table sets forth the amount of short-term borrowings outstanding, comprised entirely of FHLB advances, as well as the weighted average interest rate thereon, as of or for the dates indicated:
As of or for the Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Outstanding at period end $ - $ -
Average amount outstanding 110,837 6,724
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end 346,900 63,000
Weighted average interest rate:
During period 0.14 % 1.43 %
End of period - % - %
Stockholders’ Equity
Stockholders’ equity totaled $669.1 million and $613.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in stockholders' equity was primarily related to net income of $87.8 million, partially offset by dividends paid of $18.5 million, stock repurchases of $8.8 million and a decline in the fair value of available for sale investment securities, net of tax, of $6.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 761,844 of its shares in connection with its stock repurchase program at an average price of $11.61 per share, or a 9.9% discount to tangible book value at December 31, 2021, and a total cost of $8.8 million. As of December 31, 2021, there were $9.7 million of authorized funds remaining under the current share repurchase program.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions that are not included in our consolidated statements of financial condition in accordance with GAAP. These transactions include commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business including commitments to fund new loans and undisbursed funds, as well as certain guarantees and derivative transactions.
Loan commitments represent contractual cash requirements to a borrower although, a portion of these commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts, shown below, do not necessarily represent future cash obligations. The following is a summary of our off-balance sheet arrangements outstanding as of the dates presented.
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Commitments to fund loans and lines of credit $ 132,769 $ 116,944
In connection with our Freddie Mac multifamily loan securitization, we entered into a reimbursement agreement pursuant to which we may be required to reimburse Freddie Mac for the first losses in the underlying loan portfolio, not to exceed 10% of the unpaid principal amount at settlement, or approximately $62.6 million. A $62.6 million letter of credit with the FHLB is pledged as collateral in connection with this reimbursement agreement. We have recorded a reserve for estimated losses with respect to the reimbursement obligation of $727 thousand and $959 thousand at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which is included in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the consolidated statements of financial condition.
The Company entered into two new two-year swap agreements, with an aggregate notional amount of $650 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. The swaps provide a hedge against the interest rate risk associated with both fixed rate loans and hybrid adjustable loans in their fixed rate period. The weighted average fixed pay interest rate on the new swaps is 0.16%. Our swaps involve the payment of a fixed rate amount to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving a variable rate payment over the life of the swaps without the exchange of the underlying notional amounts.
We guarantee distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the Trust Securities issued by the Trusts to the extent of funds held by the Trusts. Although this guarantee is not separately recorded, the obligation underlying the guarantee is fully reflected on our consolidated statements of financial condition as junior subordinated debentures held by the Trusts. The junior subordinated debentures currently qualify as Tier 1 capital under the Federal Reserve capital adequacy guidelines. With the exception of our obligations in connection with its Trust Securities and the other items detailed above, we have no other off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources, that are material to investors.
Contractual Obligations
The following table presents, as of December 31, 2021, our significant contractual obligations to third parties on debt and lease agreements and service obligations. For more information about our contractual obligations, see Part II, Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data", Note 19. ‘‘Commitments and Contingencies,’’ in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
Payments Due by Period
Less than 1 Year 1 to 3 Years 3 to 5 Years More than 5 Years
(Dollars in thousands) Total
Contractual Cash Obligations
Time deposits (1)
$ 2,155,832 $ 127,815 $ 51,494 $ - $ 2,335,141
FHLB advances (1)
100,000 450,000 201,500 147 751,647
Senior debt (1)
- 95,000 - - 95,000
Junior subordinated debentures (1)
- - - 61,857 61,857
Operating leases 3,962 4,472 2,322 1,148 11,904
Significant contract (2)
1,744 3,488 2,367 - 7,599
Total $ 2,261,538 $ 680,775 $ 257,683 $ 63,152 $ 3,263,148
(1) Amounts exclude interest
(2) We have one significant, long-term contract for core processing services which expires May 9, 2026. The actual obligation is unknown and dependent on certain factors including volume and activities. For purposes of this disclosure, future obligations are estimated using our 2021 average monthly expense extrapolated over the remaining life of the contract.
We believe that we will be able to meet our contractual obligations as they come due. Adequate cash levels are expected through profitability, repayments from loans and securities, deposit gathering activity, access to borrowing sources and periodic loan sales.
Liquidity Management and Capital Adequacy
Liquidity Management
Liquidity refers to our capacity to meet our cash obligations at a reasonable cost. Our cash obligations require us to have cash flow that is adequate to fund loan growth and maintain on-balance sheet liquidity while meeting present and future obligations of deposit withdrawals, borrowing maturities and other contractual cash obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly confronts situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints in accessing sources of funds and the ability to convert assets into cash. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operational, legal and reputational risks also could affect the Company’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity management.
We continually monitor our liquidity position to ensure that our assets and liabilities are managed in a manner to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term, long-term and strategic liquidity demands. Management has established a comprehensive management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Company, liquidity risk management is fully integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include: effective corporate governance consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; appropriate strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; comprehensive liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems including stress tests that are commensurate with the complexity of our business activities; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; an appropriately diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; adequate levels of highly liquid marketable securities free of legal, regulatory, or operational impediments, that can be used to meet liquidity needs in stressful situations; comprehensive contingency funding plans that sufficiently address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash flow requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes sufficient to determine the adequacy of the Company’s liquidity risk management process.
Our liquidity position is supported by management of our liquid assets and liabilities and access to alternative sources of funds. Our liquidity requirements are met primarily through our deposits, FHLB advances and the principal and interest payments we receive on loans and investment securities. Cash on hand, unrestricted cash at third party banks, investments available for sale and maturing or prepaying balances in our investment and loan portfolios are our most liquid assets. Other sources of liquidity that are routinely available to us include funds from retail and wholesale deposits, advances from the FHLB and proceeds from the sale of loans. Less commonly used sources of funding include borrowings from the FRB discount window, draws on established federal funds lines from unaffiliated commercial banks and the issuance of debt or equity securities. We believe we have ample liquidity resources to fund future growth and meet other cash needs as necessary.
Our total deposits at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $5.5 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively. Based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, our $751.6 million of FHLB advances outstanding and our $62.6 million FHLB letter of credit outstanding, we had $963.5 million of additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB at December 31, 2021. Based on the values of other loans pledged as collateral, we had $211.3 million of borrowing capacity with the FRB at December 31, 2021. There were no outstanding advances with the FRB at December 31, 2021. In addition to the liquidity provided by the FHLB and FRB described above, we have established federal funds lines of credit with unaffiliated banks totaling $50.0 million at December 31, 2021, none of which were advanced at that date. In the ordinary course of business, we maintain correspondent bank accounts with unaffiliated banks which are used for normal business activity including ordering cash for our branch network, the purchase of investment securities and the receipt of principal and interest on those investments. Available cash balances at correspondent banks, including amounts at the FRB, totaled $138.4 million at December 31, 2021.
The Company is a corporation separate and apart from our Bank and, therefore, must provide for its own liquidity, including liquidity required to meet its debt service requirements on its senior notes and junior subordinated debentures. The Company’s main source of cash flow is dividends declared and paid to it by the Bank. There are statutory and regulatory limitations that affect the ability of our Bank to pay dividends to the Company. We believe that these limitations will not impact our ability to meet our ongoing short-term cash obligations. For contingency purposes, the Company typically maintains a minimum level of cash to fund one year’s projected operating cash flow needs.
Capital Adequacy
We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking regulators. Our capital management consists of providing equity to support our current operations and future growth. Failure to meet minimum regulatory capital requirements may result in mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the capital conservation buffer, and the Bank qualified as ‘‘well-capitalized’’ for purposes of the FDIC’s prompt corrective action regulations. At December 31, 2021, the capital conservation buffer was 2.50%.
The vast majority of our multifamily residential loans and single family residential loans are currently eligible for 50% risk-weighting for purposes of calculating our regulatory capital levels. Risk-weighting requirements of multifamily residential loans and single family residential loans are contingent upon meeting specific criteria, which, if not adequately met, would increase the required risk-weighting percentage for these loans. Commercial real estate lending collateralized by real estate other than multifamily residential properties are generally risk weighted at 100%. Our leverage ratio is not impacted by the composition of our assets.
The following table presents our regulatory capital ratios as of the dates presented, as well as the regulatory capital ratios that are required by FDIC regulations to maintain ‘‘well-capitalized’’ status:
Minimum Required
Actual For Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer For Well- Capitalized Institution
(Dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Luther Burbank Corporation
As of December 31, 2021
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 727,606 10.12 % $ 287,509 4.00 % N/A N/A N/A N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 665,749 17.09 % 175,296 4.50 % $ 272,683 7.00 % N/A N/A
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 727,606 18.68 % 233,728 6.00 % 331,115 8.50 % N/A N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 764,048 19.61 % 311,638 8.00 % 409,025 10.50 % N/A N/A
As of December 31, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 665,514 9.45 % $ 281,564 4.00 % N/A N/A N/A N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 603,657 15.75 % 172,420 4.50 % $ 268,209 7.00 % N/A N/A
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 665,514 17.37 % 229,893 6.00 % 325,682 8.50 % N/A N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 712,837 18.60 % 306,524 8.00 % 402,313 10.50 % N/A N/A
Luther Burbank Savings
As of December 31, 2021
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 799,457 11.13 % $ 287,407 4.00 % N/A N/A $ 359,259 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 799,457 20.54 % 175,190 4.50 % $ 272,518 7.00 % 253,052 6.50 %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 799,457 20.54 % 233,587 6.00 % 330,915 8.50 % 311,449 8.00 %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 835,899 21.47 % 311,449 8.00 % 408,777 10.50 % 389,311 10.00 %
As of December 31, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 729,054 10.36 % $ 281,453 4.00 % N/A N/A $ 351,816 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 729,054 19.04 % 172,340 4.50 % $ 268,085 7.00 % 248,936 6.50 %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 729,054 19.04 % 229,787 6.00 % 325,532 8.50 % 306,383 8.00 %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 776,377 20.27 % 306,383 8.00 % 402,128 10.50 % 382,979 10.00 %
Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices
Our consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of operations. Unlike most industrial companies, nearly all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a greater impact on our performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the price of goods or services.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk represents the exposure to unanticipated changes in net interest earnings or loss due to changes in the market value of assets and liabilities as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. As a financial institution, our primary market risk is interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and value arising from volatility in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from timing differences in the repricings and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (repricing risk), changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities arising from embedded options, such as borrowers’ ability to prepay loans at any time and depositors’ ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity (option risk), changes in the shape of the yield curve where interest rates increase or decrease in a nonparallel fashion (yield curve risk), and changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries and LIBOR (basis risk).
We manage market risk though our Asset Liability Council ("ALCO") which is comprised of senior management who are responsible for ensuring that board approved strategies, policy limits, and procedures for managing interest rate risk are appropriately executed within the designated lines of authority and responsibility. The ALCO meets monthly
to review, among other things, the composition of our assets and liabilities, the sensitivity of our assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, our actual and forecasted liquidity position, investment activity and our interest rate hedging transactions. The ALCO reports regularly to our board of directors. Our board reviews all policies impacting asset and liability management and establishes risk tolerance limits for business operations on at least an annual basis.
Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective management of interest rate risk begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate interest rate risk posture given business forecasts, management objectives, market expectations, and policy constraints. In recognition of this, we actively manage our assets and liabilities to maximize our net interest income and return on equity, while managing our risk exposure and maintaining adequate liquidity and capital positions.
Given the nature of our loan and deposit activities, we are liability sensitive to volatility in interest rates. A liability sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate lower net interest income, as rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities would reprice upward more quickly than rates earned on our interest-earning assets, thus compressing our net interest margin. Conversely, an asset sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate higher net interest income, as rates earned on our interest-earning assets would reprice upward more quickly than rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, thus expanding net interest margin.
We use two primary modeling techniques to assess our exposure to interest rates that simulate the earnings and valuation effects of variations in interest rates: Net Interest Income at Risk ("NII at Risk") and the Economic Value of Equity ("EVE"). These models require that we use numerous assumptions, including asset and liability pricing and repricing, future growth, prepayment rates, non-maturity deposit sensitivity and decay rates. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the models cannot precisely predict the fluctuations in market interest rates or precisely measure the impact of future changes in interest rates. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.
Stress testing the balance sheet and net interest income using instantaneous parallel shock movements in the yield curve of -100 to +400 basis points is a regulatory and banking industry practice. However, these stress tests may not represent a realistic forecast of future interest rate movements in the yield curve. Because of the low level of market interest rates, we have not run these models with a yield curve shock beyond -100 basis points.
Instantaneous parallel interest rate shock modeling is not a predictor of actual future performance of earnings. It is a financial metric used to manage interest rate risk, implement hedging transactions if the metric rises above policy limits for interest rate risk, and track the movement of the Company's interest rate risk position over a historical time frame for comparison purposes.
Our earnings are a function of collecting both a credit risk premium on our loans and an interest rate risk premium on our balance sheet position. The purpose of these premiums being to diversify our earnings position with both credit risk and interest rate risk, which generally tend to be negatively correlated historically for the Company. During weak economic times, our loan losses have been higher than normal, but the Federal Reserve will generally reduce short-term interest rates in an attempt to stimulate the economy and add liquidity. As a result, our interest rate spread will generally increase during those periods. During strong economic times, when the Federal Reserve raises short-term interest rates to dampen economic activity, the Company’s interest rate spread decreases. These periods have historically been indicative of inflation and real property value increases. As such, the decrease in net interest income is typically somewhat offset by declining loan losses in our loan portfolio. There is no guarantee, however, that the past countercyclical nature of our loan losses and our net interest spread declines will continue in the future.
On a quarterly basis, we measure and report NII at Risk to isolate the change in income related solely to interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The following table illustrates the results of our NII at Risk analysis to determine the extent to which our net interest income over the following 12 months would change if prevailing interest rates increased or decreased by the specified amounts at December 31, 2021. It models instantaneous parallel shifts in market interest rates, implied by the forward yield curve over the next one year period.
Interest Rate Risk to Earnings (NII)
December 31, 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) $ Change NII % Change NII
+400 BP $(13.4) (7.8) %
+300 BP (8.4) (4.8) %
+200 BP (4.5) (2.6) %
+100 BP (1.8) (1.0) %
-100 BP 1.8 1.1 %
The NII at Risk reported at December 31, 2021 reflects that our earnings were in a liability sensitive position in which an increase in interest rates is expected to generate lower net interest income. During the year ended December 31, 2021, our NII at Risk increased as compared to December 31, 2020 primarily due to loan growth and the steepening yield curve.
EVE measures the period end market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities and the change in this value as rates change. The EVE results included in the table below reflect the analysis reviewed monthly by management. It models instantaneous parallel shifts in market interest rates, implied by the forward yield curve. The EVE model calculates the market value of capital by taking the present value of all asset cash flows less the present value of all liability cash flows.
Interest Rate Risk to Capital (EVE)
December 31, 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) $ Change EVE % Change EVE
+400 BP $(333.9) (48.3) %
+300 BP (225.8) (32.7) %
+200 BP (133.6) (19.3) %
+100 BP (59.0) (8.5) %
-100 BP 50.0 7.2 %
The EVE reported at December 31, 2021 reflects that our market value of capital was in a liability sensitive position in which an increase in interest rates is expected to generate lower market values of capital. During the year ended December 31, 2021, our EVE increased as compared to December 31, 2020 primarily due to loan growth, the steepening yield curve and a change in model assumptions.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the NII at Risk and EVE analyses presented above. Both the NII at Risk and EVE simulations include assumptions regarding balances, asset prepayment speeds, deposit repricing and runoff and interest rate relationships among balances that we believe to be reasonable for the various interest rate environments. Differences in actual occurrences from these assumptions, as well as nonparallel changes in the yield curve, may change our market risk exposure. Simulated results are not intended to be used as a forecast of the actual effect of changes in market interest rates on our results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate interest rate risk strategies.
Hedge Positions
In managing our market risk, our board of directors has authorized the ALCO to utilize long-term borrowings and derivatives, including interest rate caps and swaps, to mitigate interest rate risk in accordance with regulations and our internal policy. We use or expect to use borrowings, interest rate caps and swaps as macro hedges against interest rate sensitivity in our loan portfolio, other interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities. Positions for hedging purposes are undertaken as mitigation to exposure primarily from mismatches between assets and liabilities.
We are currently utilizing FHLB advances and interest rate swaps to hedge our liability sensitive interest rate risk position. As of December 31, 2021, the Company maintained two interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $650.0 million to primarily hedge the interest rate risk associated with both fixed rate loans and hybrid
adjustable loans in their fixed rate period. Both of our swaps are designated as fair value hedges and involve the payment of a fixed rate amount to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving a variable rate payment over the life of the swaps without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. The gain or loss on derivatives, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income for loans in our consolidated statements of income. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized a reduction in interest income of $7.6 million and $10.8 million, respectively, in connection with swaps. The reductions in interest income primarily related to two separate, two-year interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $1.0 billion which matured during the year ended December 31, 2021. These swaps, which were in equal notional amounts of $500.0 million, matured in June and August 2021, and provided a hedge against the interest rate risk related to certain hybrid multifamily loans, which were in their fixed rate period.
The following table summarizes derivative instruments utilized by us as interest rate risk hedge positions as of December 31, 2021:
(Dollars in thousands) Fair Value
Hedging Instrument Hedge Accounting Type Months to Maturity Notional Other Assets Other Liabilities
Interest rate swap Fair value hedge 14 350,000 1,452 -
Interest rate swap Fair value hedge 18 300,000 1,656 -
$ 650,000 $ 3,108 $ -
Counterparty Credit Risk
Derivative contracts involve the risk of dealing with institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Our policies require that counterparties must be approved by our ALCO. Additionally, contracts are in place to ensure that minimum transfer amounts and collateral requirements are established.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 173)
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated statements of financial condition
Consolidated statements of income
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity
Consolidated statements of cash flows
Notes to consolidated financial statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Luther Burbank Corporation
Santa Rosa, California
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Luther Burbank Corporation (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Crowe LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2011.
Sacramento, California
March 14, 2022
LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 138,413 $ 178,861
Available for sale debt securities, at fair value 647,317 593,734
Held to maturity debt securities, at amortized cost (fair value of $4,018 and $7,870 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively)
3,829 7,467
Equity securities, at fair value 11,693 12,037
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $35,535 and $46,214 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively
6,261,885 6,003,602
Accrued interest receivable 17,761 18,795
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock, at cost 23,411 25,122
Premises and equipment, net 16,090 18,226
Goodwill 3,297 3,297
Prepaid expenses and other assets 56,261 44,963
Total assets $ 7,179,957 $ 6,906,104
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits $ 5,538,243 $ 5,264,329
FHLB advances 751,647 806,747
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures 61,857 61,857
Senior debt
$95,000 face amount, 6.5% interest rate, due September 30, 2024 (less debt issuance costs of $338 and $461 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively)
94,662 94,539
Accrued interest payable 118 1,388
Other liabilities and accrued expenses 64,297 63,553
Total liabilities 6,510,824 6,292,413
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020
- -
Common stock, no par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 51,682,398 and 52,220,266 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively
406,904 414,120
Retained earnings 262,141 192,834
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes 88 6,737
Total stockholders' equity 669,133 613,691
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 7,179,957 $ 6,906,104
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Interest and fee income:
Loans $ 219,245 $ 230,996
Investment securities 8,451 9,856
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 223 538
Total interest and fee income 227,919 241,390
Interest expense:
Deposits 35,612 73,331
FHLB advances 14,535 21,761
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures 1,015 1,373
Senior debt 6,298 6,302
Total interest expense 57,460 102,767
Net interest income before provision for loan losses 170,459 138,623
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses (10,800) 10,550
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 181,259 128,073
Noninterest income:
FHLB dividends 1,558 1,650
Other income 328 870
Total noninterest income 1,886 2,520
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and related benefits 38,624 43,100
Deposit insurance premium 1,920 1,905
Professional and regulatory fees 1,976 1,844
Occupancy 4,933 4,585
Depreciation and amortization 2,561 2,685
Data processing 3,785 3,911
Marketing 1,240 1,683
FHLB advance prepayment penalty - 10,443
Other expenses 4,106 3,778
Total noninterest expense 59,145 73,934
Income before provision for income taxes 124,000 56,659
Provision for income taxes 36,247 16,747
Net income $ 87,753 $ 39,912
Basic earnings per common share $ 1.70 $ 0.75
Diluted earnings per common share $ 1.70 $ 0.75
Dividends per common share $ 0.36 $ 0.23
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Net income $ 87,753 $ 39,912
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized (loss) gain on available for sale debt securities:
Unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during the period (9,370) 7,457
Tax effect 2,721 (2,164)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (6,649) 5,293
Comprehensive income $ 81,104 $ 45,205
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Taxes) Total Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Retained Earnings Available for Sale Securities
Shares Amount
Balance, December 31, 2019 55,999,754 $ 447,784 $ 165,236 $ 1,444 $ 614,464
Comprehensive income:
Net income - - 39,912 - 39,912
Other comprehensive income - - - 5,293 5,293
Restricted stock award grants 261,722 - - - -
Settled restricted stock units 94,408 - - - -
Shares withheld to pay taxes on stock based compensation (103,230) (1,064) - - (1,064)
Restricted stock forfeitures (31,219) (39) 9 - (30)
Stock based compensation expense - 3,574 - - 3,574
Shares repurchased (4,001,169) (36,135) - - (36,135)
Cash dividends ($0.23 per share)
- - (12,323) - (12,323)
Balance, December 31, 2020 52,220,266 414,120 192,834 6,737 613,691
Comprehensive income:
Net income - - 87,753 - 87,753
Other comprehensive loss - - - (6,649) (6,649)
Restricted stock award grants 295,058 - - - -
Settled restricted stock units 68,873 - - - -
Shares withheld to pay taxes on stock based compensation (85,825) (901) - - (901)
Restricted stock forfeitures (54,130) (72) 14 - (58)
Stock based compensation expense - 2,601 - - 2,601
Shares repurchased (761,844) (8,844) - - (8,844)
Cash dividends ($0.36 per share)
- - (18,460) - (18,460)
Balance, December 31, 2021 51,682,398 $ 406,904 $ 262,141 $ 88 $ 669,133
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 87,753 $ 39,912
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 2,561 2,685
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses (10,800) 10,550
Amortization of deferred loan costs, net 19,627 16,237
Amortization of premiums on investment securities, net 2,246 3,288
Stock based compensation expense, net of forfeitures 2,529 3,535
Deferred income tax benefit (778) (4,483)
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights 684 1,058
Change in fair value of equity securities 344 (255)
Other items, net 164 100
Effect of changes in:
Accrued interest receivable 1,034 2,019
Accrued interest payable (1,270) (1,513)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (5,375) (4,882)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses 8,002 (3,248)
Net cash provided by operating activities 106,721 65,003
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities, paydowns and calls of available for sale debt securities 153,326 232,480
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of held to maturity debt securities 3,552 2,600
Purchases of available for sale debt securities (218,439) (196,870)
Net decrease in loans receivable 7,678 191,875
Proceeds from sale of loans 1,731 998
Purchase of loans, including discounts/premiums (286,917) (20,507)
Redemption of FHLB stock, net 1,711 5,220
Purchase of premises and equipment (434) (1,407)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (337,792) 214,389
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits 273,914 29,612
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances 350,000 136,500
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances (405,100) (306,955)
Net change in short-term FHLB advances - (1,500)
Shares withheld for taxes on vested restricted stock (901) (1,064)
Shares repurchased (8,844) (36,135)
Cash paid for dividends (18,446) (12,314)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 190,623 (191,856)
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (40,448) 87,536
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 178,861 91,325
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 138,413 $ 178,861
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest $ 58,730 $ 104,280
Income taxes $ 37,524 $ 23,047
Non-cash investing activity:
Loans transferred to held for sale $ 1,706 $ 838
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
Luther Burbank Corporation (the ‘‘Company’’), a California corporation headquartered in Santa Rosa, is the bank holding company for its wholly-owned subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings (the "Bank"), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Burbank Investor Services. The Company also owns Burbank Financial Inc., a real estate investment company that provides limited loan administrative support to the Bank, and all the common interests in Luther Burbank Statutory Trusts I and II, entities created to issue trust preferred securities.
The Bank conducts its business from its headquarters in Gardena, CA. It has ten full service branches in California located in Sonoma, Marin, Santa Clara, and Los Angeles Counties and one full service branch in Washington located in King County. Additionally, there are several loan production offices located throughout California, as well as a loan production office in Clackamas County, Oregon.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting standards and prevailing practices within the banking industry and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company currently has two unconsolidated subsidiaries in the form of wholly-owned statutory business trusts, which were formed to issue junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures. See Note 9, “Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures,” for additional information regarding these trusts. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and deposits with other financial institutions with maturities of less than three months. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, and interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions.
Restricted Cash Balances
The Company may include cash collateral in connection with interest rate swaps in restricted cash within the consolidated statements of financial condition. At December 31, 2021 the Company had no cash posted as collateral. As of December 31, 2020, the Company posted $8.9 million, in cash collateral in connection with its interest rate swaps.
Investment Securities
The Company classifies its investment securities into three categories, available for sale, held to maturity and equity, at the time of purchase. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. Investment securities held to maturity are measured at amortized cost, based on the Company’s positive intent and ability to hold such securities to maturity. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other noninterest income within the consolidated statements of income.
Interest income includes amortization/accretion of purchase premiums/discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized, or accreted, over the life of the related investment security, or the earliest call
date with respect to premiums on callable securities, as an adjustment to interest income using a method that approximates the interest method. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.
An investment security is impaired when its carrying value is greater than its fair value. Investment securities that are impaired are evaluated on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation to determine whether such a decline in their fair value is other than temporary. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in fair value, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary. The term ‘‘other than temporary’’ is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospect for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, and management does not intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security before recovery, only the portion of the impairment loss representing credit exposure is recognized as a charge to earnings, with the balance recognized as a charge to other comprehensive (loss) income. If management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovering its forecasted cost, the entire impairment loss is recognized as a charge to earnings.
Loans Receivable
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan origination fees and costs and the allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Premiums or discounts to acquire loans are amortized over the life of the loan using a method that approximates the interest method. The Company charges fees for originating loans. These fees, net of certain related direct loan origination costs, are deferred. The net deferred fees or costs on loans held for investment are recognized as an adjustment of the loan’s yield over the contractual life of the loan using the interest method. The Company ceases to amortize deferred fees or costs on loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued. Other loan fees and charges representing service costs are reported in income when collected or earned.
Loans Held for Sale
Mortgage loans held for sale are sold with servicing rights released or retained. Realized gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are accounted for under the specific identification method and based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold. The carrying value of mortgage loans sold servicing retained is reduced by the amount allocated to the servicing right.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The majority of our customers are individuals and businesses located and doing business in the state of California, with approximately half our collateral located in Los Angeles and Orange counties. The Company's exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy of California, and specifically, Los Angeles and Orange Counties.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents the estimated probable incurred credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower circumstances, estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. The Company performs periodic and systematic detailed reviews of its loan portfolio to assess the overall collectability of its loans. The Company’s methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance consists of the combined total of two key components.
The first component covers loans that are impaired. All loans are evaluated for impairment on a recurring basis. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.
Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.
Loans that are reported as troubled debt restructures (“TDRs”) are considered impaired. A restructuring of a debt constitutes a TDR if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured workout loans typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms.
Impaired loans and TDRs that are solely dependent on the operation or liquidation of collateral for repayment are measured for impairment at the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Impaired loans, including TDRs, that are not considered collateral dependent, are measured based on the present value of loan payments expected to be received discounted at the loans’ original effective contractual interest rate. If the recorded investment in the impaired loans exceeds the value of funds to be received, an allowance is established as a component of the total allowance for loan losses unless the loans are solely dependent on the collateral for repayment, in which case the amount that exceeds the fair value of the collateral is charged off.
The second element of the allowance covers probable incurred losses inherent in performing loans that have yet to be specifically identified for impairment. This component of the allowance is estimated by applying reserve factors based on average historical loss experience for the previous nine to ten years to various loan stratifications based on factors affecting the perceived level of risk including the type of collateral, loan program, and credit classification. The resulting loss amount is adjusted for qualitative factors to be reflective of risks or trends affecting the loan portfolio including economic conditions, the real estate market, volumes, delinquencies, and credit concentrations. The Company has identified the following loan portfolio segments based on collateral type:
Multifamily residential and commercial real estate loans - These loans typically involve greater principal amounts than other types of loans, and repayment depends upon income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service, which may be adversely affected by changes in the economy or local market conditions. Multifamily residential and commercial real estate loans also expose a lender to significant credit risk because the collateral securing these loans typically cannot be sold as easily as single family residential real estate. In addition, some commercial real estate loans are not fully amortizing and contain large balloon payments upon maturity. Such balloon payments may require the borrower to either sell or refinance the underlying property in order to comply with the terms of the loan agreement, which may increase the risk of default or non-payment.
Single family residential real estate loans - The degree of risk in single family residential real estate lending depends primarily on the loan amount in relation to collateral value, the interest rate, and the borrower’s ability to repay in an orderly fashion. These loans generally possess a lower inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.
Construction and land loans - This type of lending generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments. A major risk arises from the necessity to complete projects within specified costs and timelines. Trends in the construction industry significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as demand drives construction activity. In addition, trends in real estate values significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as property values determine the economic viability of construction projects.
The total allowance is increased by the provision for loan losses, which is charged against current period operating results, and decreased by reversals of loan loss provisions as well as loan charge-offs, net of recoveries. Losses incurred upon the initial acquisition of real estate owned through foreclosure are charged to the allowance for loan losses.
Accrued Interest Receivable on Loans
Interest receivable is only accrued if deemed collectible. It is the Company’s policy to place a loan on non-accrual status in the event that the borrower is 90 days or more delinquent (unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection), or earlier if the timely collection of contractual payments appears doubtful. At the time a loan is placed on non-accrual, accrued interest is reversed out of interest income. Cash payments subsequently received on non-accrual loans are recognized as income only where the future collection of the remaining principal is considered by management to be probable. Loans are restored to accrual status only when the loan is less than 90 days delinquent and not in foreclosure, and the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest.
Servicing Rights
When mortgage loans are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income.
Under the fair value measurement method, the Company measures servicing rights at fair value at each reporting date and reports changes in the fair value of servicing assets in earnings in the period in which the changes occur, and such changes are included with other income on the consolidated statements of income. The fair values of servicing rights are calculated using model assumptions including factors such as prepayment rates, market rates and other model cash flow assumptions. Absent other changes, an increase (decrease) to the estimated life of serviced loans would generally increase (decrease) the fair value of servicing rights. The fair value of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuation as a result of changes in estimates and when actual factors such as prepayment speeds, default rates, and losses differ from model assumptions.
Servicing fee income, which is reported on the consolidated statements of income as a component of other income, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are typically based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal and are recorded as income when earned. Fair value adjustments are netted against loan servicing fee income.
Transfers of Financial Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Real Estate Owned ("REO")
Real estate acquired as a result of loan foreclosure or a deed in lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of a residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Fair value is typically based on a real estate appraisal. REO is subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair
value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Costs after acquisition related to the development of REO are capitalized while operating costs are charged to expense. Gains or losses realized and expenses incurred in connection with the disposition of foreclosed real estate are charged to noninterest income within the consolidated statements of income.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Land is carried at cost. The Company’s policy is to depreciate buildings, furniture and equipment on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the various assets and to amortize leasehold improvements over the shorter of the asset life or lease term as follows:
Leasehold improvements Lesser of term of lease or life of improvement
Furniture and equipment 2 to 7 years
Building 39 years
The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets on an ongoing basis. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income for the period. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
As a member of the FHLB, the Bank is required to own capital stock in an amount specified by the level of FHLB borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security and periodically evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recovery of par value. Cash dividends are reported as noninterest income on an accrual basis. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Bank owned 234,108 and 251,217 shares of $100 par value FHLB stock, respectively.
Goodwill
Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill determined to have an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount of the excess and the carrying value of the goodwill is reduced accordingly. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the balance sheet. Based on an evaluation performed as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, management determined that the implied fair value of goodwill exceeded its carrying value and no impairments were recognized.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance (“BOLI”)
Bank-owned life insurance is initially recorded at cost. Subsequently, BOLI is carried at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or amounts due that are probable at settlement. Increases in contract value are recorded as noninterest income and insurance proceeds received are recorded as a reduction of the contract value.
Reserve for Loan Commitments
The Company maintains a reserve within other liabilities associated with commitments to fund undisbursed loan commitments on outstanding loans. This reserve is determined based upon the historical loss experience of similar loans held by the Company at each period end. Any changes in this reserve amount are recognized through earnings as a component of noninterest expense.
Marketing
Marketing costs are expensed as incurred.
Derivatives
At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of three types based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to the likely effectiveness as a hedge. These three types are (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (‘‘fair value hedge’’), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (‘‘cash flow hedge’’), or (3) an instrument with no hedging designation (‘‘stand-alone derivative’’). For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item, are recognized in earnings as fair values change. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. For both types of hedges, changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in earnings, as noninterest income.
Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in noninterest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged.
The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitment is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended.
When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as noninterest income. When a fair value hedge is discontinued, the hedged asset or liability is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value and the existing basis adjustment is amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the asset or liability. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the reported amount of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
The Company uses a comprehensive model for recognizing, measuring, presenting, and disclosing in the financial statements tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is ‘‘more likely than not’’ that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not
meeting the ‘‘more likely than not’’ test, no tax benefit is recorded.
The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to income tax matters in tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized no tax related interest or penalties.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company has issued awards of equity instruments, such as restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), to employees and certain nonemployee directors. Compensation expense related to restricted stock is based on the fair value of the underlying stock on the award date and is amortized over the service period, defined as the vesting period, using the straight-line method. The vesting period is generally three years for employees and one year for nonemployee directors. Compensation expense is reduced for actual forfeitures as they occur. Unvested RSAs and RSUs participate with common stock in any dividends declared, but are paid only on the shares which ultimately vest. Such dividends are accrued when declared and paid at the time of vesting.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income and other comprehensive income (loss). The only item of other comprehensive income (loss) for the Company are unrealized gains and losses on investment securities classified as available for sale, net of tax. Reclassification adjustments resulting from gains or losses on investment securities available for sale that have been realized and included in net income of the current period that also had been included in other comprehensive income as unrealized holding gains or losses in the period in which they arose have been excluded from comprehensive income (loss) of the current period to avoid double counting.
Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
Basic earnings per common share represents the amount of earnings for the period available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Basic EPS is computed based upon net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. In determining the weighted average number of shares outstanding, vested restricted stock units are included. Diluted EPS represents the amount of earnings for the period available to each share of common stock outstanding including common stock that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares for all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during each reporting period. Diluted EPS is computed based upon net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period, adjusted for the effect of dilutive potential common shares, such as unvested restricted stock awards and units, calculated using the treasury stock method.
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Net income $ 87,753 $ 39,912
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding 51,582,890 53,000,150
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed vesting of restricted stock 186,208 146,148
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 51,769,098 53,146,298
Income per common share:
Basic EPS $ 1.70 $ 0.75
Diluted EPS $ 1.70 $ 0.75
Anti-dilutive shares not included in calculation of diluted earnings per share 8,084 10,242
Related Party Transactions
In the normal course of business, the Company may accept deposits from officers, directors and other related parties. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $26.8 million and $15.2 million, respectively, of such deposits. The Company does not permit loans to officers, directors or other related
parties, with the exception of overdraft protection in limited circumstances. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no such overdraft loans outstanding.
Business Segments
While the chief decision-makers monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Discrete financial information is not available other than on a Company-wide basis. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.
Reclassifications
Certain prior balances in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity.
COVID-19
Beginning in early 2020 and continuing through December 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a disruption to almost every aspect of the economy. As a result, in March 2020, the Company implemented a lending modification initiative to support our customers financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and unable to make their scheduled loan payments. The program provided borrowers the opportunity to modify their existing real estate loans by temporarily deferring payments for a specified period of time. Modified loans under this program were generally downgraded from a Pass risk rating to a Watch risk rating at the time of their respective modification. Subsequent to the modification period, loan grades were adjusted, as necessary, in connection with the Company's proactive reassessment of loans impacted by the pandemic. Loan risk ratings are an integral part of the quantitative calculation of our allowance for loan losses.
Further, in early 2020, we established a qualitative loan loss reserve in connection with the uncertainty related to the pandemic. This supplemental reserve has been slowly reduced as the impact of the pandemic on our loan portfolio has become less uncertain. Qualitative adjustments to our allowance specific to COVID-19 were $2.5 million and $8.4 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Management intends to closely monitor the level of this reserve and make any necessary adjustments as conditions related to the pandemic change.
All of the loans modified for pandemic related payment deferral in 2020 and 2021 had returned to scheduled monthly payments or paid off in full by June 2021. Additionally, total criticized loans have declined to $16.7 million at December 31, 2021, as compared to $57.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decline in criticized loans from the prior year end was generally attributable to the continued performance of our loans that were initially impacted by the pandemic. During the years ended December 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred no loan losses for pandemic impacted loans. The Company's exposure to nonresidential commercial real estate remains limited, totaling $187.1 million, or 3.0% of our loan portfolio, at December 31, 2021.
Adoption of New Financial Accounting Standards
FASB ASU 2016-02
In February 2016, the FASB amended existing guidance that requires lessees recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date (1) a lease liability, which is the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. These amendments are effective for Public Business Entities ("PBEs") for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. As an emerging growth company, the Company expects to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2022. Upon adoption of this guidance, the Company will recognize a liability for its obligations under its operating leases and a corresponding right-of-use asset for its right to use leased properties over the lease term. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company expects to record a right-of-use asset of approximately $16.3 million and a corresponding lease liability of
approximately $15.8 million. The adoption of this standard is not expected to materially impact the Company’s operating results.
FASB ASU 2016-13
In June 2016, FASB issued guidance to replace the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, held to maturity debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. The transition will be applied as follows:
- For debt securities with other than temporary impairment ("OTTI"), the guidance will be applied prospectively.
- Existing purchased credit impaired ("PCI") assets will be grandfathered and classified as purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") assets at the date of adoption. The assets will be grossed up for the allowance for expected credit losses for all PCD assets at the date of adoption and will continue to recognize the noncredit discount in interest income based on the yield of such assets as of the adoption date. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses will be recorded through the allowance.
- For all other assets within the scope of CECL, a cumulative-effect adjustment will be recognized in retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective.
These amendments are effective for PBEs that are Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filers for
annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. As an emerging growth company, the Company expects to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2023. We expect to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective.
Through December 31, 2021, CECL implementation activities have generally focused on capturing and validating loan data, segmenting the loan portfolio, evaluating credit loss methodologies and models, as well as evaluating model results and sensitivities. In determining an expected allowance under CECL, the Company has selected a credit loss model that utilizes an approach focused on a loan's probability of default and loss given default. As part of the process to test and refine our CECL model, the Company has completed quarterly model runs for analysis and backtesting purposes starting with the third quarter of 2018. This process has been on-going and will continue until our adoption date. Continuing implementation activities include the engagement of a third party model validation, refining qualitative factor adjustments, drafting policies and disclosures and evaluating, documenting and testing internal controls. We estimate that the adoption of the CECL standard would not currently result in a material change in our allowance for credit losses, which, if necessary, will be recorded as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings, net of tax as of January 1, 2023. The ultimate impact will depend on the portfolio and forecasts when the standard is adopted.
FASB ASU 2019-12
In December 2019, FASB issued guidance that removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes and clarifies and amends existing guidance to provide for more consistent application. ASU 2019-12 will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company expects to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2022. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.
FASB ASU 2020-04
In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The guidance permits companies to:
-Simplify accounting analyses for contract modifications.
-Allow hedging relationships to continue without de-designation if there are qualifying changes in the critical terms of an existing hedging relationship due to reference rate reform.
-Allow a change in the systematic and rational method used to recognize in earnings the components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
-Allow a change in the designated benchmark interest rate to a different eligible benchmark interest rate in a fair value hedging relationship.
-Allow for the shortcut method for a fair value hedging relationship to continue for the remainder of the hedging relationship.
-Simplify the assessment of hedge ineffectiveness and provide temporary optional expedients for cash flow hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform.
-Allow a one-time election to sell or transfer debt securities classified as held to maturity that reference a rate affected by reference rate reform and were classified as held to maturity before January 1, 2020.
These amendments are effective for all entities from the beginning of an interim period that includes the issuance date of this ASU. An entity may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.
2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Available for Sale
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and the estimated fair value of available for sale debt securities as of the dates indicated:
(Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value
At December 31, 2021:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential mortgage backed securities ("MBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") $ 200,775 $ 1,225 $ (1,867) $ 200,133
Commercial MBS and CMOs 407,111 3,281 (2,646) 407,746
Agency bonds 10,587 244 - 10,831
Other asset backed securities ("ABS") 28,720 37 (150) 28,607
Total available for sale debt securities $ 647,193 $ 4,787 $ (4,663) $ 647,317
At December 31, 2020:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ 213,279 $ 3,459 $ (14) $ 216,724
Commercial MBS and CMOs 355,963 6,337 (312) 361,988
Agency bonds 14,998 69 (45) 15,022
Total available for sale debt securities $ 584,240 $ 9,865 $ (371) $ 593,734
Net unrealized gains on available for sale investment securities are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity and totaled $88 thousand and $6.7 million, net of $36 thousand and $2.8 million in tax liabilities at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no sales or transfers of available for sale investment securities and no realized gains or losses on these securities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The following tables summarize the gross unrealized losses and fair value of available for sale debt securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a
continuous unrealized loss position:
December 31, 2021
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
(Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ 118,803 $ (1,864) $ 247 $ (3) $ 119,050 $ (1,867)
Commercial MBS and CMOs 157,031 (2,632) 10,608 (14) 167,639 (2,646)
Other ABS 15,253 (150) - - 15,253 (150)
Total available for sale debt securities $ 291,087 $ (4,646) $ 10,855 $ (17) $ 301,942 $ (4,663)
At December 31, 2021, the Company held 88 residential MBS and CMOs of which 14 were in a loss position and four had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held 54 commercial MBS and CMOs of which 20 were in a loss position and two had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held three other ABS of which two were in a loss position and none had been in a loss position for twelve months or more.
December 31, 2020
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
(Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ 14,193 $ (12) $ 4,248 $ (2) $ 18,441 $ (14)
Commercial MBS and CMOs 33,986 (37) 37,194 (275) 71,180 (312)
Agency bonds 3,331 (8) 8,667 (37) 11,998 (45)
Total available for sale debt securities $ 51,510 $ (57) $ 50,109 $ (314) $ 101,619 $ (371)
At December 31, 2020, the Company held 86 residential MBS and CMOs of which 11 were in a loss position and six had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held 46 commercial MBS and CMOs of which ten were in a loss position and six had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held three agency bonds of which two were in a loss position and one had been in a loss position for twelve months or more.
The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments were caused by interest rate changes. In addition, the contractual cash flows of these investments are guaranteed by the U.S. government or agencies sponsored by the U.S. government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities will not be settled at a price less than amortized cost. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates but not credit quality, and because the Company has the ability and intent to hold those investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders' equity, other than the U.S. government and its agencies.
Held to Maturity
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of held to maturity investment
securities as of the dates indicated:
(Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrecognized Gains Gross Unrecognized Losses Estimated Fair Value
As of December 31, 2021:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS $ 3,761 $ 189 $ - $ 3,950
Other investments 68 - - 68
Total held to maturity investment securities $ 3,829 $ 189 $ - $ 4,018
As of December 31, 2020:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS $ 7,391 $ 403 $ - $ 7,794
Other investments 76 - - 76
Total held to maturity investment securities $ 7,467 $ 403 $ - $ 7,870
The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of available for sale and held to maturity investment securities as of December 31, 2021:
December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities
Less than one year $ - $ -
One to five years - -
Five to ten years 7,587 7,715
Beyond ten years 3,000 3,116
MBS, CMOs and other ABS 636,606 636,486
Total available for sale debt securities $ 647,193 $ 647,317
Held to maturity investments securities
Beyond ten years $ 68 $ 68
MBS 3,761 3,950
Total held to maturity debt securities $ 3,829 $ 4,018
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are shown by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. As such, mortgage backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and other asset backed securities are not included in the maturity categories above and instead are shown separately. No securities were pledged as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Equity Securities
Equity securities consist of investments in a qualified community reinvestment fund. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of equity securities totaled $11.7 million and $12.0 million, respectively. Changes in fair value are recognized in other noninterest income and totaled $(344) thousand and $255 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no sales of equity securities during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
3. LOANS
Loans consist of the following:
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Permanent mortgages on:
Multifamily residential $ 4,210,735 $ 4,100,831
Single family residential 1,881,676 1,723,953
Commercial real estate 187,097 202,871
Construction and land loans 17,912 22,161
Total 6,297,420 6,049,816
Allowance for loan losses (35,535) (46,214)
Loans held for investment, net $ 6,261,885 $ 6,003,602
Certain loans have been pledged to secure borrowing arrangements (see Note 8).
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased a pool of performing, fixed rate single family residential loans. The pool had an aggregate principal balance of $287.8 million and contained loans with a weighted average interest rate and maturity of 2.31% and 26.4 years, respectively.
The following table summarizes activity in and the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment and by impairment methodology:
(Dollars in thousands) Multifamily Residential Single Family Residential Commercial Real Estate Land and Construction Total
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021:
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance allocated to portfolio segments $ 33,259 $ 9,372 $ 3,347 $ 236 $ 46,214
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses (7,216) (2,212) (1,253) (119) (10,800)
Charge-offs - - - - -
Recoveries - 64 - 57 121
Ending balance allocated to portfolio segments $ 26,043 $ 7,224 $ 2,094 $ 174 $ 35,535
Ending allowance balance allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 25 $ - $ - $ 25
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 26,043 7,199 2,094 174 35,510
Ending balance $ 26,043 $ 7,224 $ 2,094 $ 174 $ 35,535
Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 505 $ 5,687 $ - $ - $ 6,192
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 4,210,230 1,875,989 187,097 17,912 6,291,228
Ending balance $ 4,210,735 $ 1,881,676 $ 187,097 $ 17,912 $ 6,297,420
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020:
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance allocated to portfolio segments $ 23,372 $ 10,076 $ 2,341 $ 212 $ 36,001
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 9,887 (67) 1,006 (276) 10,550
Charge-offs - (722) - - (722)
Recoveries - 85 - 300 385
Ending balance allocated to portfolio segments $ 33,259 $ 9,372 $ 3,347 $ 236 $ 46,214
Ending allowance balance allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 25 $ - $ - $ 25
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 33,259 9,347 3,347 236 46,189
Ending balance $ 33,259 $ 9,372 $ 3,347 $ 236 $ 46,214
Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 522 $ 7,051 $ - $ - $ 7,573
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 4,100,309 1,716,902 202,871 22,161 6,042,243
Ending balance $ 4,100,831 $ 1,723,953 $ 202,871 $ 22,161 $ 6,049,816
The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans and periodically performs detailed reviews of all loans to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. During these internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, as well as the financial performance and/or other characteristics of loan collateral. These credit quality indicators are
used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan. The risk ratings can be grouped into six major categories, defined as follows:
Pass assets are those which are performing according to contract and have no existing or known weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. The basic underwriting criteria used to approve the loans are still valid, and all payments have essentially been made as planned.
Watch assets are expected to have an event occurring in the near future that will lead to a change in risk rating with the change being either favorable or unfavorable. These assets require heightened monitoring of the event by management.
Special mention assets have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
Substandard assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and/or paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. These assets have well-defined weaknesses: the primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired (i.e., bankruptcy or loss of employment) and/or there has been a deterioration in collateral value. In addition, there is the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss, either directly or indirectly (i.e., the cost of monitoring), if the deficiencies are not corrected. A deterioration in collateral value alone does not mandate that an asset be adversely classified if such factor does not indicate that the primary source of repayment is in jeopardy.
Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current facts, conditions and values.
Loss assets are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance or charge-off, is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that an asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value; but rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off a basically worthless asset (or portion thereof) even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
The following table summarizes the loan portfolio allocated by management’s internal risk ratings at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The decrease in Watch, Special Mention and Substandard risk rated loans during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to the diminishing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of loans. As of December 31, 2021, all loans modified under the Company's payment deferral program implemented in response to the pandemic had returned to scheduled payments or paid off in full.
(Dollars in thousands) Multifamily Residential Single Family Residential Commercial Real Estate Land and Construction Total
As of December 31, 2021:
Grade:
Pass $ 4,129,767 $ 1,856,942 $ 180,950 $ 17,523 $ 6,185,182
Watch 66,062 22,946 6,147 389 95,544
Special mention 4,586 - - - 4,586
Substandard 10,320 1,788 - - 12,108
Doubtful - - - - -
Total $ 4,210,735 $ 1,881,676 $ 187,097 $ 17,912 $ 6,297,420
As of December 31, 2020:
Grade:
Pass $ 3,883,597 $ 1,624,331 $ 162,615 $ 22,161 $ 5,692,704
Watch 177,483 85,943 36,657 - 300,083
Special mention 19,547 7,132 3,599 - 30,278
Substandard 20,204 6,547 - - 26,751
Doubtful - - - - -
Total $ 4,100,831 $ 1,723,953 $ 202,871 $ 22,161 $ 6,049,816
The following table summarizes an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by the time past due at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(Dollars in thousands) 30 Days 60 Days 90+ Days Non-accrual Current Total
As of December 31, 2021:
Loans:
Multifamily residential $ - $ - $ - $ 505 $ 4,210,230 $ 4,210,735
Single family residential 271 - - 1,788 1,879,617 1,881,676
Commercial real estate - - - - 187,097 187,097
Land and construction - - - - 17,912 17,912
Total $ 271 $ - $ - $ 2,293 $ 6,294,856 $ 6,297,420
As of December 31, 2020:
Loans:
Multifamily residential $ 1,820 $ - $ - $ 522 $ 4,098,489 $ 4,100,831
Single family residential 338 - - 5,791 1,717,824 1,723,953
Commercial real estate 2,683 - - - 200,188 202,871
Land and construction - - - - 22,161 22,161
Total $ 4,841 $ - $ - $ 6,313 $ 6,038,662 $ 6,049,816
The following table summarizes information related to impaired loans:
(Dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Cash Basis Interest
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2021:
With no related allowance recorded:
Multifamily residential $ 505 $ 582 $ - $ 802 $ 30 $ 30
Single family residential 4,847 5,033 - 4,544 164 95
5,352 5,615 - 5,346 194 125
With an allowance recorded:
Single family residential 840 836 25 859 25 -
840 836 25 859 25 -
Total:
Multifamily residential 505 582 - 802 30 30
Single family residential 5,687 5,869 25 5,403 189 95
$ 6,192 $ 6,451 $ 25 $ 6,205 $ 219 $ 125
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2020:
With no related allowance recorded:
Multifamily residential $ 522 $ 599 $ - $ 532 $ 36 $ 36
Single family residential 6,174 6,500 - 5,215 104 86
6,696 7,099 - 5,747 140 122
With an allowance recorded:
Single family residential 877 874 25 1,263 39 -
877 874 25 1,263 39 -
Total:
Multifamily residential 522 599 - 532 36 36
Single family residential 7,051 7,374 25 6,478 143 86
$ 7,573 $ 7,973 $ 25 $ 7,010 $ 179 $ 122
The following table summarizes the recorded investment related to TDRs at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Troubled debt restructurings:
Single family residential $ 1,204 $ 3,967
The Company has allocated $25 thousand of its allowance for loan losses for loans modified in TDRs at both December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company does not have commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers with loans whose terms have been modified in TDRs.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had no new TDRs. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company modified the terms of loans that qualified as TDRs. The following table provides detail of these modifications:
(Dollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020:
Troubled debt restructurings:
Single family residential 2 $ 2,672 $ 2,672
Terms of the two loans modified as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2020 above included
suspension of loan payments for six months and a similar extension of the loan term. Prior to modification, both loans were classified as non-accrual and impaired. The TDRs above resulted in no increase to the allowance for loan losses and no charge-offs during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020, primarily due to collateral support provided by the secondary source of repayment.
The Company had no troubled debt restructurings with a subsequent payment default within twelve months following the modification during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.
4. NONPERFORMING ASSETS
Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans plus REO. The Company’s nonperforming assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020 are indicated below:
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Non-accrual loans:
Multifamily residential $ 505 $ 522
Single family residential 1,788 5,791
Total non-accrual loans 2,293 6,313
Real estate owned - -
Total nonperforming assets $ 2,293 $ 6,313
Interest income on non-accrual loans is subsequently recognized on a cash basis as long as the remaining unpaid principal amount of the loans are deemed to be fully collectible. If there’s doubt regarding the collectability of the loan, then any interest payments received are applied to principal. Interest income was recognized on a cash basis on non-accrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaling $125 thousand and $122 thousand, respectively. Contractual interest not recorded on nonperforming loans during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaled $15 thousand and $169 thousand, respectively.
Generally, non-accrual loans are considered impaired because the repayment of the loan will not be made in accordance with the original contractual agreement.
5. MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
Servicing loans for others generally consists of collecting mortgage payments, maintaining escrow accounts, disbursing payments to investors, and conducting foreclosure proceedings. Loan servicing income is recorded on the accrual basis and includes servicing fees from investors and certain charges collected from borrowers. Mortgage loans serviced for others are not reported as assets. The principal balances of these loans are as follows:
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Mortgage loans serviced for:
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") $ 127,431 $ 216,431
Other financial institutions 58,298 103,325
Total mortgage loans serviced for others $ 185,729 $ 319,756
Custodial account balances maintained in connection with serviced loans totaled $5.0 million and $10.9 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company measures servicing rights at fair value at each reporting date and reports changes in the fair value of servicing assets in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. Activities for
mortgage servicing rights are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Beginning balance $ 1,599 $ 2,657
Additions - -
Disposals - -
Changes in fair value due to changes in assumptions - -
Other changes in fair value (684) (1,058)
Ending balance $ 915 $ 1,599
Fair value as of December 31, 2021 was determined using a discount rate of 10%, prepayment speeds ranging from 7.6% to 48.8% and a weighted average default rate of 5%. The weighted average prepayment speed at December 31, 2021 was 29.2%. Fair value as of December 31, 2020 was determined using a discount rate of 10%, prepayment speeds ranging from 7.4% to 55.8% and a weighted average default rate of 5%. The weighted average prepayment speed at December 31, 2020 was 28.9%.
6. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
Premises and equipment consist of the following:
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Leasehold improvements $ 15,008 $ 14,994
Furniture and equipment 10,046 11,537
Building 6,181 6,174
Land 2,429 2,429
Total 33,664 35,134
Less: accumulated depreciation (17,574) (16,908)
Premises and equipment, net $ 16,090 $ 18,226
Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaled $2.6 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
7. DEPOSITS
A summary of deposits at December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Time deposits $ 2,335,141 $ 3,057,197
Money market savings 2,294,367 1,678,942
Interest-bearing demand 176,126 151,954
Money market checking 580,325 282,897
Noninterest-bearing demand 152,284 93,339
Total $ 5,538,243 $ 5,264,329
The Company had time deposits that met or exceeded the FDIC Insurance limit of $250 thousand of $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company utilizes brokered deposits as an additional source of funding. The Company had brokered deposits of $25.8 million and $50.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Maturities of the Company’s time deposits at December 31, 2021 are summarized as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
2022 $ 2,155,832
2023 102,920
2024 24,895
2025 6,842
2026 44,652
$ 2,335,141
8. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK AND FEDERAL RESERVE BANK ADVANCES
The Bank may borrow from the FHLB, on either a short-term or long-term basis, up to 40% of its assets provided that adequate collateral has been pledged. As of both December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Bank had pledged various mortgage loans totaling approximately $2.4 billion, as well as the FHLB stock held by the Bank to secure these borrowing arrangements.
The Bank has access to the Loan and Discount Window of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB"). Advances under this window are subject to the Bank providing qualifying collateral. Various mortgage loans totaling approximately $583.0 million and $467.8 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, secure this borrowing arrangement. There were no borrowings outstanding with the FRB as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The following table discloses the Bank’s outstanding advances from the FHLB of San Francisco:
As of December 31, 2021
Outstanding Balances Minimum Interest Rate Maximum Interest Rate Weighted Average Rate
(Dollars in thousands) December 31,
2021 December 31,
2020 Maturity Dates
Fixed rate long-term 751,647 806,747 0.38 % 7.33 % 1.68 % February 2022 to March 2030
The Bank's available borrowing capacity based on pledged loans to the FHLB and FRB totaled $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Bank had aggregate loan balances of $2.5 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, available to pledge to the FHLB and FRB to increase its borrowing capacity. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Bank pledged as collateral a $62.6 million FHLB letter of credit to Freddie Mac related to our multifamily securitization reimbursement obligation.
Short-term borrowings are borrowings with original maturities of 90 days or less. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was a maximum amount of short-term borrowings outstanding of $352.9 million and $77.8 million, respectively, and an average amount outstanding of $110.8 million and $6.7 million, respectively, with a weighted average interest rate of 0.14% and 1.43%, respectively.
The following table summarizes scheduled principal payments on FHLB advances over the next five years as of December 31, 2021:
Year Ending December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
2022 $ 100,000
2023 250,000
2024 200,000
2025 101,500
2026 100,000
Thereafter 147
Total $ 751,647
9. JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES
The Company formed two wholly-owned trust companies (the ‘‘Trusts’’) which issued guaranteed preferred beneficial interests (the "Trust Securities") in the Company’s junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (the "Notes"). The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of the Trusts and therefore, the Trusts are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, but rather the junior subordinated debentures are shown as a liability. The Company’s investment in the common securities of the Trusts, totaling $1.9 million, is included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The sole asset of the Trusts are the Notes that they hold.
The Trusts have invested the proceeds of such Trust Securities in the Notes. Each of the Notes has an interest rate equal to the corresponding Trust Securities distribution rate. The Company has the right to defer payment of interest on the Notes at any time or from time to time for a period not exceeding five years provided that no extension period may extend beyond the stated maturity of the relevant Notes. During any such extension period, distributions on the Trust Securities will also be deferred, and the Company’s ability to pay dividends on its common stock will be restricted.
The Company has entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment of: (i) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Securities; (ii) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Securities called for redemption by the Trusts; and (iii) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or liquidation of the Trusts. The Trust Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the Notes, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. The Company has the right to redeem the Notes purchased by the Trusts, in whole or in part, on or after the redemption date. As specified in the indenture, if the Notes are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest.
The following table is a summary of the outstanding Trust Securities and Notes at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Date Maturity Rate Index
Issuer Amount Rate Amount Rate Issued Date (Quarterly Reset)
(Dollars in thousands)
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust I $ 41,238 1.58 % $ 41,238 1.60 % 3/1/2006 6/15/2036 3 month LIBOR + 1.38%
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust II $ 20,619 1.82 % $ 20,619 1.84 % 3/1/2007 6/15/2037 3 month LIBOR + 1.62%
10. SENIOR DEBT
In September 2014, the Company issued $95.0 million in senior unsecured term notes to qualified institutional investors. The following table summarizes information on these notes as of December 31,
2021 and 2020:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands) Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Maturity Date Fixed Interest Rate
Senior Unsecured Term Notes $ 95,000 $ 338 $ 95,000 $ 461 9/30/2024 6.50 %
11. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 consists of the following:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Federal:
Current $ 24,333 $ 13,686
Deferred (980) (2,834)
Total federal tax provision 23,353 10,852
State:
Current 12,692 7,544
Deferred 202 (1,649)
Total state tax provision 12,894 5,895
Total income tax provision $ 36,247 $ 16,747
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 differs from the statutory federal rate of 21% due to the following:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Statutory U.S. federal income tax $ 26,040 $ 11,898
Increase resulting from:
State taxes, net of federal benefit 10,180 4,658
Other 27 191
Provision for income taxes $ 36,247 $ 16,747
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition consist of the following:
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan losses $ 10,568 $ 13,740
Deferred compensation 8,199 7,831
State tax deduction 2,408 1,578
Other 612 643
Total deferred tax assets 21,787 23,792
Deferred tax liabilities:
Loan fee income (8,719) (10,802)
Unrealized gain on securities (36) (2,757)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividend income deferred for tax purposes (873) (1,087)
Federal depreciation (219) (853)
Other (567) (419)
Total deferred tax liabilities (10,414) (15,918)
Net deferred tax assets $ 11,373 $ 7,874
In assessing the Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize all benefits related to these deductible differences as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
There were no unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Until July 1, 1996, the Bank was allowed a special bad debt deduction based on a percentage of federal taxable income or on specified experience formulas in arriving at federal taxable income. For reserves established in taxable years beginning prior to December 31, 1987, a deferred tax liability was not required to be accrued but has been included as a restriction on retained earnings because such amounts may require the recognition of a tax liability if, in the future, (1) the Bank’s retained earnings represented by these reserves is used for purposes other than to absorb losses from bad debts, including dividends or distributions in liquidation or (2) there is a change in the federal tax law. The cumulative amount of these untaxed reserves was approximately $3.1 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020. Retained earnings at both December 31, 2021 and 2020 included approximately $930 thousand representing the tax effect of such cumulative bad debt deductions for which no deferred income taxes have been provided. In the event that these reserves are subject to realization, the tax on these reserves will be assessed and paid at the entity level. Management has determined that this portion of retained earnings will not be used in a manner that will create an income tax liability.
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as various other state income taxes. The Company is no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities for years before 2017 for California tax filings and 2018 for federal and most other state tax filings.
12. REGULATORY MATTERS
The Company is a registered bank holding company and is subject to regulation, examination, and supervision by the FRB. The Bank is subject to regulation, examination, and supervision by the FDIC and the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation ("DFPI").
The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S.
banks (the “Basel III Capital Rules”) became effective for the Holding Company and Bank on January 1, 2015. The Basel III Capital Rules provide for the following minimum capital to risk-weighted assets ratios as of January 1, 2015: a) 4.5% based upon common equity tier 1 capital ("CET1"); b) 6.0% based upon tier 1 capital; and c) 8.0% based upon total regulatory capital. A minimum leverage ratio (tier 1 capital as a percentage of average consolidated assets) of 4.0% is also required under the Basel III Capital Rules.
The Basel III Capital Rules require institutions to retain a capital conservation buffer, composed entirely of CET1, of 2.5% above these required minimum capital ratio levels. Banking organizations that fail to maintain the minimum 2.5% capital conservation buffer could face restrictions on capital distributions or discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. Restrictions would begin phasing in where the banking organization’s capital conservation buffer was below 2.5% at the beginning of a quarter, and distributions and discretionary bonus payments would be completely prohibited if no capital conservation buffer exists.
The Bank is also governed by numerous federal and state laws and regulations, including the FDIC Improvement Act of 1991, which established five categories of capital adequacy ranging from “well-capitalized” to critically undercapitalized (although these items are not utilized to represent overall financial condition). The FDIC utilizes these categories of capital adequacy to determine various matters, including, but not limited to, prompt corrective action and deposit insurance premium assessment levels. Capital levels and adequacy classifications may also be subject to qualitative judgments by the Bank’s regulators regarding, among other factors, the components of capital and risk weighting. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions and asset growth are limited, and capital restoration plans are required.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Also, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Bank satisfied all criteria necessary to be categorized as “well-capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There have been no conditions or events since December 31, 2021 that management believes have changed its “well-capitalized” categorization.
The Company’s and Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented as follows:
Minimum Required
Actual For Capital Adequacy Purposes Plus Capital Conservation Buffer For Well- Capitalized Institution
(Dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Luther Burbank Corporation
As of December 31, 2021
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 727,606 10.12 % $ 287,509 4.00 % N/A N/A N/A N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 665,749 17.09 % 175,296 4.50 % $ 272,683 7.00 % N/A N/A
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 727,606 18.68 % 233,728 6.00 % 331,115 8.50 % N/A N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 764,048 19.61 % 311,638 8.00 % 409,025 10.50 % N/A N/A
As of December 31, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 665,514 9.45 % $ 281,564 4.00 % N/A N/A N/A N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 603,657 15.75 % 172,420 4.50 % $ 268,209 7.00 % N/A N/A
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 665,514 17.37 % 229,893 6.00 % 325,682 8.50 % N/A N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 712,837 18.60 % 306,524 8.00 % 402,313 10.50 % N/A N/A
Luther Burbank Savings
As of December 31, 2021
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 799,457 11.13 % $ 287,407 4.00 % N/A N/A $ 359,259 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 799,457 20.54 % 175,190 4.50 % $ 272,518 7.00 % 253,052 6.50 %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 799,457 20.54 % 233,587 6.00 % 330,915 8.50 % 311,449 8.00 %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 835,899 21.47 % 311,449 8.00 % 408,777 10.50 % 389,311 10.00 %
As of December 31, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio $ 729,054 10.36 % $ 281,453 4.00 % N/A N/A $ 351,816 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio 729,054 19.04 % 172,340 4.50 % $ 268,085 7.00 % 248,936 6.50 %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio 729,054 19.04 % 229,787 6.00 % 325,532 8.50 % 306,383 8.00 %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio 776,377 20.27 % 306,383 8.00 % 402,128 10.50 % 382,979 10.00 %
Dividends
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is dependent upon dividends from the Bank to provide funds for the payment of dividends to shareholders and to provide for other cash requirements. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid. Approval by regulatory authorities is required if the effect of dividends declared would cause the regulatory capital of the Bank to fall below specified minimum levels. Approval is also required if dividends declared exceed the net profits for that year combined with the retained net profits for the preceding two years.
The Company has paid cash dividends of $18.4 million and $12.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Payment of stock or cash dividends in the future will depend upon the Company's earnings and financial condition, and other factors deemed relevant by the Company’s Board of Directors, as well as the Company’s legal ability to pay dividends. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that any dividends will be declared in the future.
13. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company utilizes interest rate swap and cap agreements as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. The notional amount of interest rate swaps and caps do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate cap or swap agreements.
Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
As of December 31, 2021, the Company held two two-year interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $650 million. These swaps were entered into in February and June 2021. The swaps provide a hedge
against the interest rate risk associated with both fixed rate loans and hybrid adjustable loans in their fixed rate period. During the year ended December 31, 2021, two separate, two-year interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $1.0 billion matured. These swaps, which were in equal notional amounts of $500.0 million, matured in June and August 2021, and provided a hedge against the interest rate risk related to certain hybrid multifamily loans which were in their fixed rate period.
All outstanding swaps are designated as fair value hedges and involve the payment of a fixed rate amount to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving a variable rate payment over the life of the swaps without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Any gain or loss on the derivatives, as well as any offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income on loans.
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the floating rate amounts recognized related to the net settlement of interest rate swaps were less than the fixed rate amounts recognized. The following table presents the effect of the Company’s interest rate swaps on the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Derivative - interest rate swaps:
Interest (loss) income $ (7,570) $ (10,830)
Hedged items - loans:
Interest (loss) income (31) 25
Net decrease in interest income $ (7,601) $ (10,805)
The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps, as well as their classification in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands) Notional Amount Balance Sheet Location Fair Value Balance Sheet Location Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
As of December 31, 2021:
Interest Rate Swaps $ 650,000 Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets $ 3,108 Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses $ -
As of December 31, 2020:
Interest Rate Swaps $ 1,000,000 Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets $ - Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses $ 7,258
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the following amounts were recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition related to cumulative basis adjustments for its fair value hedges:
Line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition in Which the Hedged Items are Included Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
(Dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 2021:
Loans receivable, net (1)
$ 646,890 $ (3,110)
As of December 31, 2020:
Loans receivable, net (1)
$ 1,007,288 $ 7,288
(1) These amounts include the amortized cost basis of portfolio loans used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged items are the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the amortized cost basis of the portfolio loans used in these hedging relationships were $1.0 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively; the cumulative basis adjustments associated with
these hedging relationships were $(3.1) million and $7.3 million, respectively, and the amount of the designated hedged items were $646.9 million and $1.0 billion, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no cash collateral posted in connection with its interest rate swaps, compared to $8.9 million that was posted at December 31, 2020. Cash collateral, if any, is included in restricted cash in the consolidated statements of financial condition.
14. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Salary Continuation Arrangements
The Company has individual salary continuation agreements with certain current and former key executives and directors. These agreements are accounted for as deferred compensation arrangements and are unsecured and unfunded. Benefits under these agreements are fixed for each participant and are payable over a specific period following their retirement or at an earlier date such as termination without cause, the sale of the Company, or death. Participants vest in these agreements based on their years of service subsequent to being covered under these agreements.
The accrued obligation of $17.3 million and $16.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, is included in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company recognized compensation expense of $2.3 million and $2.9 million related to these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company has purchased insurance on the lives of the participants to help offset the cost of the benefits accrued under these agreements and provide death benefits to fund obligations in the event an employee dies prior to retirement. The cash surrender value of such policies was $18.2 million and $18.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is reflected in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. Earnings on these life insurance policies were $16 thousand and $123 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
401(k) Plan
The Company maintains a 401(k) Savings Plan for substantially all employees age 18 or older who have completed at least six months of service. Employees may contribute up to the maximum statutory allowable contribution which was $19,500 for both 2021 and 2020. The Company matches 100% of employee salary contribution deferrals up to 3% of pay, plus 50% of employee salary contribution deferrals from 3% to 5% of pay. Company contributions for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
15. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
The Company’s stock based compensation consists of RSUs and RSAs granted under the Luther Burbank Corporation Omnibus Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan ("Omnibus Plan"). In connection with its IPO in December 2017, the Company granted RSUs in exchange for unvested phantom stock related to a then discontinued employee benefit plan that awarded phantom stock to certain key executives and nonemployee directors. The RSUs were granted on a per share basis, with the same vesting schedule and deferral elections that existed for the original phantom stock awards. Post IPO, the Company typically grants RSAs to nonemployee directors and certain employees on an annual basis. RSA grants vest ratably over one year for nonemployee directors and ratably over three to four years for employees.
All RSAs and RSUs are granted at the fair value of the common stock at the time of the award. RSAs and RSUs are considered fixed awards as the number of shares and fair value are known at the date of grant and the fair value at the grant date is amortized over the vesting and/or service period. Non-cash stock compensation expense recognized for RSAs and RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaled $2.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The fair value of RSAs and RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $2.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was $2.6 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation expense related to 489,703 and 464,919 unvested shares of RSAs, respectively, which amounts are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.69 years and 1.76 years,
respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 91,486 and 140,997 shares, respectively, of RSUs were vested and remain unsettled per the original deferral elections.
The following table summarizes share information about RSAs and RSUs:
Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning of the period balance 605,916 $ 10.93 717,999 $ 10.53
Shares granted 295,058 10.17 261,722 11.62
Shares settled (265,655) 11.02 (341,118) 10.60
Shares forfeited (54,130) 10.30 (32,687) 11.09
End of the period balance 581,189 $ 10.56 605,916 $ 10.93
Under its Omnibus Plan, the Company reserved 3,360,000 shares of common stock for new awards. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were 1,861,344 and 2,102,272 shares, respectively, of common stock reserved and available for grant through restricted stock or other awards under the Omnibus Plan. RSU awards were initially issued to replace unvested phantom stock awards under the Luther Burbank Corporation Phantom Stock Plan and were excluded from the shares reserved and available for grant under the Omnibus Plan. As of January 1, 2021, all RSUs were fully vested and no longer subject to forfeiture. During the year ended December 31, 2020, there were 1,468 shares of forfeited RSU awards.
16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value Hierarchy
The Company groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. Valuations within these levels are based upon:
Level 1 - Quoted market prices for identical instruments traded in active exchange markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 - Model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use on pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include management judgment and estimation which may be significant.
Because broadly traded markets do not exist for most of the Company’s financial instruments, the fair value calculations attempt to incorporate the effect of current market conditions at a specific time. These determinations are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and do not include tax ramifications; therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision, substantiated by comparison to independent markets and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the instruments. There may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results. For all of these reasons, the aggregation of the fair value calculations presented herein do not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.
Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. Management evaluates
the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities, or total earnings.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:
For cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, accrued interest receivable and payable, demand deposits and short-term borrowings, the carrying amount was estimated to be fair value. The fair value of accrued interest receivable/payable balances were determined using inputs and fair value measurements commensurate with the asset or liability from which the accrued interest is generated.
Fair values for available for sale and held to maturity debt securities, which include primarily debt securities issued by U.S. government sponsored agencies, were based on quoted market prices for similar securities.
Fair values for equity securities, which consist of investments in a qualified community reinvestment fund, were based on quoted market prices.
Loans were valued using the exit price notion. The fair value was estimated using market quotes for similar assets or the present value of future cash flows, discounted using a market rate for similar products and giving consideration to estimated prepayment risk and credit risk. The fair value of loans was determined utilizing estimates resulting in a Level 3 classification.
Impaired loans were measured for impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loans' effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, the Company may measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral (net of estimated costs to sell) if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of impaired loans was determined utilizing estimates resulting in a Level 3 classification.
It was not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.
The fair value of servicing rights was determined using a valuation model that utilizes interest rate, prepayment speed, and default rate assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income and that can be validated against available market data.
The fair values of derivatives were based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date.
Fair values for fixed-rate time deposits were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses using interest rates offered at each reporting date by the Company for time deposits with similar remaining maturities. For deposits with no contractual maturity, the fair value was assumed to equal the carrying value.
The fair value of FHLB advances was estimated based on discounting the future cash flows using the market rate currently offered for similar terms.
The fair value of subordinated debentures was based on an indication of value provided by a third-party broker.
For senior debt, the fair value was based on an indication of value provided by a third-party broker.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments were as follows:
Fair Level Measurements Using
(Dollars in thousands) Carrying Amount Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
As of December 31, 2021:
Financial assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 138,413 $ 138,413 $ 138,413 $ - $ -
Debt securities:
Available for sale 647,317 647,317 - 647,317 -
Held to maturity 3,829 4,018 - 4,018 -
Equity securities 11,693 11,693 - 11,693 -
Loans receivable, net 6,261,885 6,297,548 - - 6,297,548
Accrued interest receivable 17,761 17,761 1 927 16,833
FHLB stock 23,411 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Interest rate swaps 3,108 3,108 - 3,108 -
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 5,538,243 $ 5,541,417 $ 2,918,102 $ 2,623,315 $ -
FHLB advances 751,647 755,981 - 755,981 -
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures 61,857 61,545 - 61,545 -
Senior debt 94,662 103,361 - 103,361 -
Accrued interest payable 118 118 - 118 -
As of December 31, 2020:
Financial assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 178,861 $ 178,861 $ 178,861 $ - $ -
Debt securities:
Available for sale 593,734 593,734 - 593,734 -
Held to maturity 7,467 7,870 - 7,870 -
Equity securities 12,037 12,037 - 12,037 -
Loans receivable, net 6,003,602 6,076,994 - - 6,076,994
Accrued interest receivable 18,795 18,795 - 990 17,805
FHLB stock 25,122 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 5,264,329 $ 5,290,316 $ 2,022,133 $ 3,268,183 $ -
FHLB advances 806,747 833,930 - 833,930 -
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures 61,857 60,526 - 60,526 -
Senior debt 94,539 102,096 - 102,096 -
Accrued interest payable 1,388 1,388 - 1,388 -
Interest rate swaps 7,258 7,258 - 7,258 -
These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument for sale at one time, nor do they attempt to estimate the value of anticipated future business related to the instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Recurring Basis
The Company is required or permitted to record the following assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis:
(Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
As of December 31, 2021:
Financial Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ 200,133 $ - $ 200,133 $ -
Commercial MBS and CMOs 407,746 - 407,746 -
Agency bonds 10,831 - 10,831 -
Other ABS 28,607 - 28,607 -
Total available for sale debt securities $ 647,317 - $ 647,317 -
Equity securities $ 11,693 $ - $ 11,693 $ -
Mortgage servicing rights 915 - - 915
Interest rate swaps 3,108 - 3,108 -
As of December 31, 2020:
Financial Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs $ 216,724 $ - $ 216,724 $ -
Commercial MBS and CMOs 361,988 - 361,988 -
Agency bonds 15,022 - 15,022 -
Total available for sale debt securities $ 593,734 $ - $ 593,734 $ -
Equity securities $ 12,037 $ - $ 12,037 $ -
Mortgage servicing rights 1,599 - - 1,599
Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps $ 7,258 $ - $ 7,258 $ -
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2021 or 2020.
Non-recurring Basis
The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at fair value which was below cost at the reporting date.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and the Company held no REO.
17. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES ("VIE")
The Company is involved with VIEs through its loan securitization activities. The Company evaluated its association with VIEs for consolidation purposes. Specifically, a VIE is to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE, and a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIE. A variable interest is a contractual, ownership or other interest whose value fluctuates with the changes in the value of the VIE's assets and
liabilities. The assessment includes an evaluation of the Company's continuing involvement with the VIE and the nature and significance of its variable interests.
Multifamily loan securitization
With respect to the securitization transaction with Freddie Mac which settled September 27, 2017, the Company's variable interests reside with a reimbursement agreement entered into with Freddie Mac that obligates the Company to reimburse Freddie Mac for defaulted contractual principal and interest payments identified after the ultimate resolution of any defaulted loans. Such reimbursement obligations are not to exceed 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool. As part of the securitization transaction, the Company released all servicing obligations and rights to Freddie Mac who was designated as the Master Servicer. As Master Servicer, Freddie Mac appointed the Company with sub-servicing obligations, which include obligations to collect and remit payments of principal and interest, manage payments of taxes and insurance, and otherwise administer the underlying loans. The servicing of defaulted loans and foreclosed loans was assigned to a separate third party entity, independent of the Company and Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac, in its capacity as Master Servicer, can terminate the Company in its role as sub-servicer and direct such responsibilities accordingly. In evaluating the variable interests and continuing involvement in the VIE, the Company determined that it does not have the power to make significant decisions or direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE's assets and liabilities. As sub-servicer of the loans, the Company does not have the authority to make significant decisions that influence the value of the VIE's net assets and therefore, is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Hence, the Company determined that the VIE associated with the multifamily securitization should not be included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
The Company believes its maximum exposure to loss as a result of involvement with the VIE associated with the securitization under the reimbursement agreement executed with Freddie Mac is 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool, or $62.6 million. The reserve for estimated losses with respect to the reimbursement obligation totaled $727 thousand and $959 thousand as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, based upon an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data of the underlying loans included in the securitization pool. No disbursements have been made in connection with the reimbursement obligation.
18. LOAN SALE AND SECURITIZATION ACTIVITIES
The Company periodically sells loans as part of its business operations and overall management of liquidity, assets and liabilities, and financial performance. The transfer of loans is executed in securitization or sale transactions. With respect to sale transactions, the Company's continuing involvement may or may not include ongoing servicing responsibilities and general representations and warranties. With respect to securitization sales, the Company executed its first and only transaction to date on September 27, 2017 with Freddie Mac. The transaction involved the sale of $626 million in originated multifamily loans through a Freddie Mac sponsored transaction. The Company's continuing involvement includes sub-servicing responsibilities, general representations and warranties, and a limited reimbursement obligation.
As sub-servicer for Freddie Mac, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum net worth in accordance with GAAP of not less than $2.0 million. If the Bank's capital were to fall below this threshold, Freddie Mac would have the authority to terminate and assume the Bank’s sub-servicing duties. At December 31, 2021, the Bank’s net worth was $802.8 million which equates to its Tier 1 capital of $799.5 million plus goodwill of $3.3 million and accumulated other comprehensive income related to net unrealized gains on available for sale securities of $88 thousand.
General representations and warranties associated with loan sales and the securitization transaction require the Company to uphold various assertions that pertain to the underlying loans at the time of the transaction, including, but not limited to, compliance with relevant laws and regulations, absence of fraud, enforcement of liens, no environmental damages, and maintenance of relevant environmental insurance. Such representations and warranties are limited to those that do not meet the quality represented at the transaction date and do not pertain to a decline in value or future payment defaults. In circumstances where the Company breaches its representations and warranties, the Company would generally be required to cure such instances through a repurchase or substitution of the subject loan(s).
With respect to the securitization transaction, the Company also has continuing involvement through a reimbursement agreement executed with Freddie Mac. To the extent the ultimate resolution of defaulted loans results in contractual principal and interest payments that are deficient, the Company is obligated to reimburse Freddie Mac for such amounts, not to exceed 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool at the closing date of September 27, 2017.
The following table provides cash flows associated with the Company's loan sale activities:
Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020
Proceeds from loan sales $ 1,731 $ 998
Servicing fees 555 930
The following table provides information about the loans transferred through sales or securitization and not recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition, for which the Company's continuing involvement includes sub-servicing or servicing responsibilities and/or reimbursement obligations:
(Dollars in thousands) Single Family Residential Multifamily Residential
As of December 31, 2021:
Principal balance of loans $ 12,243 $ 173,486
Loans 90+ days past due - -
Charge-offs, net - -
As of December 31, 2020:
Principal balance of loans 17,423 302,333
Loans 90+ days past due - -
Charge-offs, net - -
19. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Financial Instruments With Off-Balance Sheet Risk
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments represent commitments to originate fixed and variable rate loans and loans in process, and involve, to varying degrees, credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments to originate loans and lines of credit as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. As it relates to interest rate risk, the Company's exposure is generally limited to increases in interest rates that may result during the short period of time between the commitment and funding of fixed rate credit facilities and adjustable rate credit facilities with initial fixed rate periods. The limited timing risk associated with these credit facilities are considered within the Company's asset liability management process.
Commitments to fund loans and lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have expiration dates or other termination clauses. In addition, external market forces may impact the probability of commitments being exercised; therefore, total commitments outstanding do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had outstanding commitments of approximately $132.8 million and $116.9 million, respectively, for loans and lines of credit. Unfunded loan commitment reserves totaled $153 thousand and $59 thousand at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Operating Leases
The Company leases various office premises under long-term operating lease agreements. These leases
expire between 2022 and 2030, with certain leases containing either five or ten year renewal options. At December 31, 2021, minimum commitments under these non-cancellable leases before considering renewal options were:
Years ending December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
2022 $ 3,961
2023 2,746
2024 1,727
2025 1,276
2026 1,046
Thereafter 1,148
Total $ 11,904
Rent expense under operating leases was $4.4 million for both the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Sublease income earned was $566 thousand and $752 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Contingencies
At present, there are no pending or threatened proceedings against the Company which, if determined adversely, would have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In the ordinary course of operations, the Company may be party to various legal proceedings.
Correspondent Banking Agreements
The Company maintains funds on deposit with other federally insured financial institutions under correspondent banking agreements. Insured portions of these balances are limited to $250 thousand per institution based on FDIC insurance limits. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $25.5 million and $26.0 million, respectively, in uninsured cash balances. Additionally, the Company had no restricted cash as collateral for its interest rate swap agreements at a correspondent bank as of December 31, 2021, compared to $8.9 million at December 31, 2020. The Company also has established federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $50.0 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020, none of which were advanced at those dates. The Company periodically monitors the financial condition and capital adequacy of these correspondent banks.
20. PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Summary parent company only financial information for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31,
2021 2020
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 20,073 $ 29,025
Investment in Bank 802,843 739,088
Investment in Burbank Financial, Inc. 333 306
Investment in Luther Burbank Statutory Trusts 1 & 2 1,857 1,857
Receivable from Bank 241 247
Other assets 348 4
Total assets $ 825,695 $ 770,527
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures $ 61,857 $ 61,857
Other borrowings 94,662 94,539
Interest payable on junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures 49 49
Other liabilities and accrued expenses (6) 391
Stockholders' equity 669,133 613,691
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 825,695 $ 770,527
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Net interest expense $ (7,313) $ (7,670)
Dividend income from Bank 22,700 65,360
Other noninterest income 30 41
Other operating expense (308) (301)
Income before income tax benefit and undistributed net income of subsidiaries 15,109 57,430
Income tax benefit 2,213 2,315
Income before undistributed net income of subsidiaries 17,322 59,745
Net equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries
70,431 (19,833)
Net income (1)
$ 87,753 $ 39,912
(1) The group files a single tax return and the subsidiaries are treated, for federal, California and Oregon tax purposes, as divisions of a single corporation. The Company’s share of income tax expense is based on the amount which would be payable or receivable if separate returns were filed. Accordingly, the Company’s equity in the net income of its subsidiaries, including the Bank, are excluded from the computation of income taxes for financial statement purposes. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company provided tax at the rates of 21.0%, 10.84% and 6.6% for federal, California and Oregon taxes, respectively.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 87,753 $ 39,912
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries (70,431) 19,833
Change in receivable from Bank 6 (226)
Stock based compensation 2,529 3,535
Net change in other assets and liabilities (618) 314
Net cash provided by operating activities 19,239 63,368
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash paid for dividends (18,446) (12,314)
Shares withheld for taxes on vested restricted stock (901) (1,064)
Shares repurchased (8,844) (36,135)
Net cash used in financing activities (28,191) (49,513)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (8,952) 13,855
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 29,025 15,170
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 20,073 $ 29,025

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. See Exhibits 31 and 32 for the Certification statements issued by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting - There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2021, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Controls over Financial Reporting - Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control system is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements in accordance with GAAP. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial reporting.
As of December 31, 2021, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on this assessment, management determined that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.
Crowe LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm, audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Their report is included in Part II, Item 8, under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.” Pursuant to SEC rules applicable to emerging growth companies, this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an audit report on internal control over financial reporting from the Company's independent registered public accounting firm.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item will be presented in, and is incorporated herein by reference to, Luther Burbank Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item will be presented in, and is incorporated herein by reference to, Luther Burbank Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding options and other rights to purchase or acquire common stock granted under the Company's compensation plans as of December 31, 2021:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans excluding securities reflected in column (a)
(a) (b) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) N/A N/A 1,861,344
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders - - -
Total - - 1,861,344
(1) Consists of the Company's Omnibus Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan. For additional information, see Notes 14 and 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The remainder of the information required by this Item will be presented in, and is incorporated herein by reference to, Luther Burbank Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item will be presented in, and is incorporated herein by reference to, Luther Burbank Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item will be presented in, and is incorporated herein by reference to, Luther Burbank Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021.
PART IV.

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements of Luther Burbank Corporation and our subsidiaries and related reports of our independent public accounting firm are incorporated by reference from Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Report.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Crowe LLP
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
No financial statement schedules are provided because the information called for is not applicable or not required or the required information is shown either in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number Description Filed Herewith Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Luther Burbank Corporation
S-1 333-221455 3.1 11/9/2017
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Luther Burbank Corporation
S-1 333-221455 3.2 11/9/2017
4.1 Specimen Certificate for Common Stock
S-1 333-221455 4.1 11/9/2017
Pursuant to Item 601(b) (4) (iii) (A) of Regulation S-K, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt and preferred securities are not filed. The Company agrees to furnish a copy thereof to the SEC upon request.
4.2 Description of Registrant's Securities
10-K 001-38317 4.2 3/11/2020
10.1 Employment Agreement, dated as of November 6, 2017 between Luther Burbank Corporation and John G. Biggs
S-1 333-221455 10.2 11/9/2017
10.2 Employment Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2016, between Luther Burbank Savings and Laura Tarantino
S-1 333-221455 10.3 11/9/2017
10.3 Employment Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2016, between Luther Burbank Savings and Liana Prieto
S-1 333-221455 10.4 11/9/2017
10.4 Amended and Restated Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of April 25, 2006, between Luther Burbank Savings and Victor S. Trione
S-1 333-221455 10.5 11/9/2017
10.5 First Amendment to Amended and Restated Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2008, between Luther Burbank Savings and Victor S. Trione
S-1 333-221455 10.6 11/9/2017
10.6 Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of May 2, 2016, between Luther Burbank Savings and Victor S. Trione
S-1 333-221455 10.7 11/9/2017
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number Description Filed Herewith Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
10.7 Amended and Restated Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2005, between Luther Burbank Savings and John G. Biggs
S-1 333-221455 10.8 11/9/2017
10.8 First Amendment to Amended and Restated Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2008, between Luther Burbank Savings and John G. Biggs
S-1 333-221455 10.9 11/9/2017
10.9 Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of April 25, 2006, between Luther Burbank Savings and Laura Tarantino
S-1 333-221455 10.10 11/9/2017
10.10 First Amendment to Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2008, between Luther Burbank Savings and Laura Tarantino
S-1 333-221455 10.11 11/9/2017
10.11 Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated November 11, 2011, between Luther Burbank Corporation and each of John G. Biggs, Bradley M. Shuster and Victor S. Trione, and dated August 28, 2014 between Luther Burbank Corporation and Anita Gentle Newcomb
S-1 333-221455 10.12 11/9/2017
10.12 Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2011 between Luther Burbank Savings and John G. Biggs, Bradley M. Shuster and Victor S. Trione, and dated August 28, 2014 between Luther Burbank Savings and Anita Gentle Newcomb
S-1 333-221455 10.13 11/9/2017
10.13 Form of Indemnification Agreement between Luther Burbank Savings and each of Laura Tarantino (dated March 15, 2012), John Cardamone (dated April 24, 2014) and Liana Prieto (dated August 2, 2014)
S-1 333-221455 10.14 11/9/2017
10.14 Luther Burbank Corporation Executive Change in Control Severance Plan
S-1 333-221455 10.15 11/9/2017
10.15 S Corp Termination and Tax Sharing Agreement
10-K 001-38317 10.17 3/16/2018
10.16 Luther Burbank Corporation Omnibus Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan
S-1 333-221455 10.19 11/9/2017
10.17 Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Salary Continuation Agreement, dated as of November 6, 2017 between Luther Burbank Savings and John G. Biggs
S-1 333-221455 10.21 11/9/2017
10.18 Retirement and Consulting Agreement and General Release of Claims by and between Luther Burbank Corporation and John G. Biggs, dated November 30, 2018
8-K 001-38317 10.1 12/6/2018
10.19 Employment Agreement by and between Luther Burbank Corporation and Simone Lagomarsino, dated November 30, 2018
8-K 001-38317 10.2 12/6/2018
10.22 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Luther Burbank Corporation and Laura Tarantino, dated November 30, 2018
8-K 001-38317 10.3 12/6/2018
10.23 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Luther Burbank Corporation and Liana Prieto, dated November 30, 2018
8-K 001-38317 10.4 12/6/2018
10.24 Second Amendment to the Salary Continuation Agreement between Luther Burbank Savings and Laura Tarantino, dated November 30, 2018
8-K 001-38317 10.5 12/6/2018
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
X
23.1 Consent of Crowe LLP
X
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
X
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
X
32.1 Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
X
32.2 Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
X
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number Description Filed Herewith Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
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