EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1756180
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1756180_10-K_2025_0001683168-25-003186.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Nocera, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on February 1, 2002, with operations based in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Our primary business operations currently consist of designing, developing and producing large scale recirculating aquaculture systems (“RASs”) for fish farms along with providing consulting, technology transfer and aquaculture project management services to new and existing aquaculture management business services.
RASs operate by filtering water from the fish (or shellfish) tanks so it can be reused within the tank. This dramatically reduces the amount of water and space required to intensively produce seafood products. The steps in RASs include solids removal, ammonia removal, Co2 removal and oxygenation. Prior to 2021, we initially focused on the Chinese market due to opportunities presented by changes to regulations governing water use for fish production in China. As of October 2020, we had delivered 551 fish tank systems to six separate Chinese-based fish farms, and two fish tank systems to our Taiwan showroom.
In October 2020, the government of Taiwan began supporting the Green Power and Solar Sharing Fish Farms initiative. In view of the opportunities resulting from this initiative, in October 2020, we ceased all of our operations in China and moved all of our technology and back-office operations to Taiwan. We now only operate out of Taiwan.
Our current mission is to provide consulting services and solutions in aquaculture projects to reduce water pollution and decrease the disease problems of fisheries. Our goal is to become a global leader in the land-based aquaculture business. We are now poised to grow our existing operations in Taiwan and expand into the development and management of land-based fish farms in Taiwan and North and South America. We do not currently have any intentions of conducting operations in China or Hong Kong.
Corporate History
Nocera, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on February 1, 2002, and is based in New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Reverse Merger
Effective December 31, 2018, we completed a reverse merger transaction pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Agreement”) with (i) GSI, (ii) GSI’s stockholders, Yin-Chieh (“Jeff”) Cheng and Zhang Bi, who together owned shares constituting 100% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of GSI (the “GSI Shares”) and (iii) GSI Acquisition Corp. Under the terms of the Agreement, the GSI Stockholders transferred to us all of the GSI Shares in exchange for the issuance of 6,666,667 (post-split) shares of our common stock. As a result of the reverse merger, GSI became our wholly-owned subsidiary and Mr. Cheng and Zhang Bi, the former stockholders of GSI, became our controlling stockholders. The share exchange transaction with GSI was treated as a reverse merger, with GSI as the accounting acquirer and Nocera as the acquired party. GSI is a limited company established under the laws and regulations of Hong Kong on August 1, 2014 and is a holding company without any assets or operations.
In anticipation of the reverse merger, GSI undertook a reorganization and became the 100% holding company of Guizhou Grand Smooth Technology Ltd (“GZ GST”) and GSI Guizhou Wan Feng Hu Intelligent Aquatic Technology Co. Limited (“GZ WFH”), which were all controlled by the same stockholders before and after the reorganization, pursuant to a series of contractual agreements (the “GZ WFH VIE Agreements”). As a result, GSI, through GZ GST, was determined to be the primary beneficiary of GZ WFH and GZ WFH became a variable interest entity (“VIE”) of GSI. Accordingly, GSI consolidated GZ WFH’s operations, assets and liabilities.
GZ WFH was incorporated in Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 25, 2017, and was engaged in providing fish farming containers service, which integrated sales, installments, and maintenance of aquaculture equipment.
Divestiture of GZ WFH
On September 21, 2020, we terminated our relationship with GZ WFH and its management, and the GZ WFH Agreements between the parties were terminated as well.
Subsequently on October 8, 2020, Zhang Bi and GZ WFH entered into a Settlement Agreement and Release with us wherein all claims as to GZ WFH’s debt (claim to our shares or GZ GST) were compromised, settled, and otherwise resolved as to any and all claims or causes of action whatsoever against us for any matter, action, or representation as to Nocera, and any debt to ownership of Nocera or GZ GST up to the date of the settlement agreement. The consideration for the settlement agreement was mutual waiver of any and all claims against each other and GZ GST, and GZ WFH (including Zhang Bi) waived any claims to our stock, and the 3,166,667 (post-split) shares of our common stock owned by Zhang Bi were cancelled.
XFC Sale
On December 31, 2020, we exchanged 466,667 (post-split) shares of our restricted common stock to stockholders of Xin Feng Construction Co., Ltd., a Taiwan limited liability company (“XFC”), in exchange for 100% controlling interest in XFC. We also entered into contractual arrangements with a stockholder of XFC, that enabled us to have the power to direct the activities that most significantly affects the economic performance of XFC and receive the economic benefits of XFC that could be significant to XFC. On November 30, 2022, we entered into a Purchase of Business Agreement with Han-Chieh Shih (the “Purchaser”), in which we sold our controlling interest of XFC, to the Purchaser for a total purchase cash price of $300,000 (the “XFC Sale”). The closing of the XFC Sale occurred on November 30, 2022 and the XFC variable interest entity agreements were terminated in connection with the XFC Sale.
Reverse Stock Split
On July 26, 2022, we filed a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to implement a 2-for-3 reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock, with fractional shares resulting from the reverse stock split being rounded up to the nearest whole number. The reverse stock split was effected on August 11, 2022.
The VIE Agreements with Meixin
On September 7, 2022, we entered into a series of contractual agreements (collectively, the “Meixin VIE Agreements”) with the majority stockholder (the “Selling Stockholder”) of Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd., a Taiwan corporation and a food processing and catering company (“Meixin”), and Meixin, of which we purchased 80% controlling interest of Meixin for $4,300,000. The Meixin VIE Agreements essentially confer control and management of Meixin as well as substantially all of the economic benefits of the Selling Stockholder in Meixin to us.
The VIE Agreements with Xinca
On January 31, 2024, we entered into a Variable Interest Entity Purchase Agreement (“Xinca Purchase Agreement”) with Zhejiang Xinca Mutual Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd. (“Xinca”), a domestic funded limited liability company registered in the PRC. The Xinca Purchase Agreement was entered into by our wholly-owned subsidiary and foreign enterprise, Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd. (“WFOE”), through a series of contractual agreements (“Xinca VIE Agreements”), in which we exchanged 1,800,000 shares of our restricted common stock for a 100% controlling interest in Xinca. As a result, the Company has been determined to be the primary beneficiary of Xinca and Xinca became a variable interest entity of the Company.
The Equity Purchase Agreements with SY Culture
On April 14, 2024, we entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement with Hangzhou SY Culture Media Co. Ltd. (“SY Culture Purchase Agreement”), a domestic funded limited liability company registered in the PRC. The SY Culture Purchase Agreement was entered into by our wholly-owned subsidiary and foreign enterprise, Gui Zhou Grand Smooth Technology Ltd., in which we issued 600,000 shares of our restricted common stock for a 100% equity in SY Culture.
Nasdaq
We received a deficiency letter (the “Nasdaq Letter”) from Nasdaq notifying us that, for the 30 consecutive business days from November 29, 2024 through January 14, 2025, the closing bid price of our common stock had not been maintained at the minimum required closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share, as required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”).
In accordance with the listing rules of Nasdaq, we have been given 180 calendar days, or until July 14, 2025 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. If we are unable to regain compliance prior to the Compliance Date, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar days to satisfy the Bid Price Rule. To qualify, we will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market with the exception of the Bid Price Rule, and will need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during such additional compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.
The Nasdaq Letter does not result in the immediate delisting of our common stock and our common stock will continue to trade uninterrupted on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “NCRA.”
Business Developments
The following highlights recent material developments in our business:
· On January 4, 2024, we announced that the Board appointed Feng-Hua Chen as the Chief Operating Officer.
· On January 31, 2024, we entered into the Xinca VIE Agreements with the majority shareholder of Xinca.
· On April 14, 2024, we entered into Equity Purchase Agreement with SY Culture.
· On October 16, 2024, we engaged with Enrome LLP and appoint the New Auditor as our independent registered public accounting firm.
Corporate Structure
We conduct our operations through (i) Nocera Taiwan Branch; (ii) Meixin; (iii) Xinca; and (iv) SY Culture, an unincorporated division of the Company (“NTB”). Our other subsidiaries, Meixin, located in Taipei City, Taiwan, Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd., which wholly owns Xinca, and GSI, which wholly-owns GZ GST and SY Culture. Both Xinca and SY Culture are located in Hangzhou, China.
We acquired GSI in a reverse merger on December 31, 2018. Prior to the merger, we were a “shell company” as defined under Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act). GSI is the parent holding company of GZ GST, which was incorporated on November 13, 2018, as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise established in the PRC. Both GSI and GZ GZT are currently dormant and do not conduct any operations. We currently do not conduct any operations in China or Hong Kong.
In December 2020, we added XFC as a VIE in order to obtain a Class A construction license to construct indoor RASs and solar sharing fish farms. On November 30, 2022, we entered into a Purchase of Business Agreement with Han-Chieh Shih, in which we sold our controlling interest of XFC, to the Purchaser for a total purchase cash price of $300,000. The closing of the XFC Sale occurred on November 30, 2022 and the XFC VIE agreements were terminated in connection with the XFC Sale. As of November 30, 2022, we ceased providing services to construct indoor RASs and solar sharing fish farms in Taiwan.
NTB was established on January 14, 2021 in Taiwan. In October 2021, Nocera began its eel trading business in response to domestic demands created by the COVID-19 lockdown. NTB currently procures and sells eel in Taiwan and plans to trade other types of seafood, such as tilapia and milkfish, in the near future.
On September 7, 2022, we entered into a series of contractual agreements with the majority stockholder of Meixin and Meixin, of which we purchased 80% controlling interest of Meixin for $4,300,000. The Meixin VIE Agreements essentially confer control and management of Meixin as well as substantially all of the economic benefits of the Selling Stockholder in Meixin to us. Therefore, in accordance with ASC 810 “Consolidation,” we are considered the primary beneficiary of Meixin and have consolidated Meixin’s assets, liabilities, results of operations, and cash flows in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
On January 4, 2024 we established Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Nocera”) and combined Xinca for the e-commerce business in China.
On April 14, 2024, GZ GST entered into Equity Purchase Agreement with SY Culture to expend the e-commerce business, specifically with foods and kitchen goods retail channel.
Significant Products & Services
We manufacture, sell, and install RASs for land-based fish farms. Originally, our systems were designed and constructed from used marine shipping containers. We then developed our next generation of RASs, a cylindrical shaped tank that holds approximately 15,000 U.S. gallons of water, which we believe make them among the largest systems in the market.
There are several significant benefits to our RASs:
· the system provides a controlled and “traceable” environment;
· the recirculating aquaculture system can be installed almost anywhere and requires minimal site preparation; and
· it benefits local economies by providing fresher and, therefore, generally healthier fish.
Nocera’s RASs include the fish tank, circulation and filtration systems.
Nocera Land-based RASs Overview
Height / width 1.5m/10m
Main composition of our tank Environmental-friendly PE
Yield per growing season (Tilapia) 11,000 lbs.
Fish farming density 100-109 lb./m3
Price per RASs Total Solution $35,000 USD
Our RASs can raise both freshwater and saltwater fish, as well as a variety of crustaceans.
Nocera Recirculating Aquaculture System
Market Overview
Global fish consumption has long been on the rise at a rate higher than any other source of animal protein, and the trend is expected to continue. With overfishing already threatening the earth’s marine ecosystem, it is anticipated that a significantly larger proportion of fish consumption would be farm-raised instead of wild-caught in the future.
Also, the trade conflict between the U.S. and China has led to a greater demand for non-Chinese origin seafood products from the U.S. market.
On a broader perspective, as the world rapidly begins a transition towards net zero carbon emissions in response to the ever-more pressing threat of climate change, it is foreseeable that solar energy will be the go-to option for many countries as a new source of green energy.
We believe that the RASs, with its proven advantage in producing more fish in a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner while offering greater location flexibility and the potential for a “solar-fish sharing mode,” is a perfect solution to address the opportunities highlighted above.
Consulting Services
We also provide consulting services and solutions for aquaculture projects, where we offer design innovation and RAS expertise to increase revenue, while decreasing operating expenses, allowing clients to operate more efficiently while increasing production. Additionally, we show clients how to operate more strategically by diversifying the species of fish raised to meet market demands. Our equipment enhances the management of fish farms by reducing the incidence of disease among the fish populations, while reducing water pollution from inland fish farms. We currently provide such services in Taiwan and intend to expand into other international markets and the United States to increase revenues and operate more efficiently.
We provide the following service offerings:
· for qualified investors or investment groups who are interested in capitalizing on the potential of the aquaculture industry and want to develop or take part in commercial fish farming or shrimp farming but lack the experience, design, installation, build and management of aquaculture projects to meet these interests;
· a full range of pilot and management services to aquaculture companies and new aquaculture projects throughout Taiwan and potentially the rest of the world, providing tailored solutions to meet customer needs and to fulfill our commitment, to encourage and support clean water and clean fish products from the fish farm to the table; and
· select equipment and materials from suppliers to provide unique service offerings structured to generate higher profit margins.
Strategy
We plan to focus on countries with a growing population and growing demand for food. By 2050, we will need to double the global food supply to feed the world’s growing population.1 There is a growing need for new ways to produce high-quality local fish without putting more pressure on our natural ecosystems. Like Taiwan, there are also many countries with a growing population and growing demand for high-protein food. We plan to go global through building demo sites promoting our RASs and selling our price-competitive systems in these countries to meet their demand for food and to satisfy their desire for a greener environment.
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] Ranganathan et al, How to Sustainably Feed 10 Billion People by 2050, in 21 Charts, WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE (Dec. 5, 2018); https://www.wri.org/insights/how-sustainably-feed-10-billion-people-2050-21-charts#:~:text= How%20to%20Sustainably%20Feed%2010%20Billion%20People%20by%202050%2C%20in%2021%20Charts,-December%205%2C%202018&text=There%20is%20a%20big%20shortfall,than%20there%20were%20in%202010.
In January 2021, we moved our operation and market focus from China to Taiwan. In 2021, we established a Nocera Taiwan Branch to focus on customers in a variety of sectors, such as individual investors, government supported or funded companies, and international customers. We have received interest from areas like Japan, Thailand, Jordan, South Africa and the United States.
During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net sales were approximately $17.01 million and approximately $23.9 million, respectively.
Construction Services
Prior to terminating the variable interest entity agreements with XFC in connection with the XFC Sale, we were the only provider of RAS solar power energy sharing and construction services in Taiwan. As of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have no intention of providing services to construct indoor RASs and solar sharing fish farms in Taiwan.
Customers
In 2024, we targeted customers in a variety of markets (e.g., Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Jordan, South Africa and the United States), such as individual investors, government supported or funded companies and other types of international customers. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net sales were approximately $17.01 million and approximately $23.9 million, respectively.
Suppliers
We purchase raw materials and parts and equipment from third parties locally in Taiwan and build and sell them to customers. We are not directly involved in the production or manufacturing of readily available equipment, and we do not take a risk in the repair and maintenance of the equipment because of the manufacturer’s maintenance policy. We have identified and sourced multiple suppliers in Taiwan, and our relationships with suppliers are generally good. We expect that our suppliers will be able to meet the anticipated demand for our products in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that our suppliers will continue to meet our needs, particularly as we ramp up our expansion into the U.S. and other markets around the world.
Competition
The market for aquaculture projects and services is highly competitive. Many of the producers and sellers are large entities that have significantly greater resources than we have. We also compete with small suppliers which provide smaller alternative aquaculture solutions regionally but due to the size of our projects, we believe that we should have a better price point.
Trademarks and Patents
We do not own any trademarks or patents.
Sales and Marketing
We continue to market our brand by offering unique and better incentives to the consumers. Our target market is not only limited to the direct processing plants; instead, consumers will be informed about the uniqueness of the fish product, and the important health benefits of fish protein.
Further, we plan to increase the species selection and product form through the investment of the additional 500 tanks; among all we plan to build a hatchery system by collaborating with professionals to promote and maintain healthy, self-sustaining populations of fish and other aquatic species. We are aiming for the direct wholesale option, including live hauling, restaurants, supermarkets and specialty stores. As of December 2024, we sell our food items, including our signature seafood porridge bowl, through our flagship bento box store located at the Ning Xia Night Market in the Datong District of Taipei City, Taiwan. In addition to utilizing Meixin’s distribution channel, we will move towards online marketing as well to achieve a greater market share.
Manufacturing Operations
Currently, we manufacture RASs through our branch office in Taiwan and may manufacture RASs through our Chinese subsidiaries. Additionally, we provide consulting services regarding RAS technology transfer and aquaculture project management services to customers in Taiwan.
Government Regulation
We are subject to many varying laws and regulations in Taiwan and throughout the world, including, without limitation, those related to privacy, data protection, intellectual property, consumer protection, e-commerce, marketing, advertising, messaging, rights of publicity, health and safety, employment and labor, product liability, accessibility, competition, and taxation. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving and may be interpreted, applied, created, or amended in a manner that could harm our current or future business and operations. In addition, it is possible that certain governments may seek to block or limit our products and services or otherwise impose other restrictions that may affect the accessibility or usability of any or all of our products and services for an extended period of time or indefinitely.
Our properties and operations are subject to a number of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Under certain of these laws and regulations, we may be subject to joint and several liability for environmental investigations and cleanups, including at properties that we currently or previously owned or operated, or at sites at which waste we generated was disposed, even if the contamination was not caused by us or was legal at the time it occurred.
We are also subject to laws regulating consumer products in the jurisdictions in which we sell our products. In the United States for instance, certain of our products are subject to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Act, under which the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission may exclude products from the market that are found to be unsafe or hazardous, require repair, replacement or refund of products, impose fines for noncompliance with requirements and impose fines for failure to timely notify them of potential safety hazards.
Also, with respect to the potential sale of eel and any other seafood into the United States, we are subject to extensive regulation, including, among other things, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the Food Safety Modernization Act (“FSMA”), the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”). The FSMA was enacted in order to aid the effective prevention of food safety issues in the food supply. This comprehensive and evolving regulatory program impacts how food is grown, packed, processed, shipped and imported into the United States and it governs compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices regulations. The FDA has finalized seven major rules to implement FSMA, recognizing that ensuring the safety of the food supply is a shared responsibility among many different points in the global supply chain. The FSMA rules are designed to make clear specific actions that must be taken at each of these points to prevent contamination. Some aspects of these laws use a strict liability standard for imposing sanctions on corporate behavior. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we may be subject to civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, recalls, or seizures, and criminal sanctions, any of which could impact our results of operations.
In addition, the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 prescribes the format and content of certain information required to appear on the labels of food products.
Our operations and products are also subject to state and local regulation, including the registration and licensing of plants, enforcement by state health agencies of various state standards, and the registration and inspection of facilities. Compliance with federal, state and local regulation is costly and time-consuming. Enforcement actions for violations of federal, state, and local regulations may include seizure and condemnation of products, cease and desist orders, injunctions or monetary penalties. We believe that our practices are sufficient to maintain compliance with applicable government regulations.
We are subject to certain regulations by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission. Advertising of our products is subject to such regulation pursuant to the Federal Trade Commission Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
We are also subject to certain health and safety regulations, including regulations issued pursuant to the Occupational Safety and Health Act. These regulations require us to comply with certain manufacturing, health, and safety standards to protect our employees from accidents.
Our business depends in part on environmental regulations and programs of Taiwan that promote cleaner water sources to restore clean water back to people. Our customers may be encouraged with incentives by the local governments relating to aquaculture investment. The approvals of land, licenses or permits, are required from relevant central and local government authorities. In addition, from time to time, relevant government authorities may impose new regulations at a local level regulating fish farming. We believe that we have skills to help our customers obtain all necessary licenses, registrations and permits to comply with all requirements necessary to allow our customers and investors to conduct aquaculture business in Taiwan.
Listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market
Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “NCRA” since August 11, 2022.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending or threatened legal or administrative proceedings against us in all material aspects. We may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.
Property
We own 229 contiguous acres of land located in Montgomery County, Alabama up to the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Seasonality
Since the global growing demand from aquaculture production along with the decreasing production from wild fisheries and our fish farming systems provide a controlled and traceable environment for species, our business rarely suffers a seasonal impact.
Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, we had a total of 22 employees, including 19 full-time employees and 3 part-time employees. In addition, we have 12 consultants. We are compliant with local prevailing wage, contractor licensing and have good relations with our employees.
Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and new employees, advisors and consultants. The principal purposes of our equity and cash incentive plans are to attract, retain and reward personnel through the granting of stock-based and cash-based compensation awards, in order to increase stockholder value and the success of our Company by motivating such individuals to perform to the best of their abilities and achieve our objectives.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 3F (Building B), No. 185, Sec. 1, Datong Rd., Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan (R.O.C.). Our telephone number is 886-910-163-358.
Available Information
Our website address is www.nocera.company. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, any amendments to those reports, proxy and registration statements filed or furnished with the SEC, are available free of charge through our website. We make these materials available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish such materials to, the SEC. The reports filed with the SEC by our executive officers and directors pursuant to Section 16 under the Exchange Act are also made available, free of charge on our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after copies of those filings are provided to us by those persons. These materials can be accessed through the “Investor Relations” section of our website. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to many risks and uncertainties, which may affect our future financial performance. If any of the events or circumstances described below occur, our business and financial performance could be adversely affected, our actual results could differ materially from our expectations, and the price of our securities could decline. The risks and uncertainties discussed below are not the only ones we face. There may be additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material that may adversely affect our business and financial performance. The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not historic facts are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by forward-looking statements. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline, and investors in our securities may lose all or part of their investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
There is substantial doubt of our ability to continue as a going concern.
We have incurred net losses since our inception. In the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we incurred operating losses of $2,393,803 and $4,159,354, respectively. As at December 31, 2024, we have working capital of $641,256 and had an accumulated deficit of $21,238,881. In their audit report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 included in this report, our auditors have expressed their concern as to our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to generate cashflows from operations and obtain financing. We intend to continue funding our operations through equity and debt financing arrangements, which may be insufficient to fund our capital expenditures, working capital and other cash requirements in the long term. There can be no assurance that the steps management is taking will be successful.
We have a limited operating history in an evolving industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.
We have a limited operating history on which to base an evaluation of its business and prospects. We are subject to all the risks inherent in a small company seeking to develop, market and distribute new services, particularly companies in evolving markets. The likelihood of our success must be considered, in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered in connection with the development, introduction, marketing and distribution of new products and services in a competitive environment.
Such risks for us include, but are not limited to, dependence on the success and acceptance of our services and the management of growth. In view of our limited operating history, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of its operating results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.
We are therefore subject to many of the risks common to early-stage enterprises, including under-capitalization, cash shortages, limitations with respect to personnel, financial, and other resources and lack of revenues.
If we fail to raise capital when needed it will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have limited revenue-producing operations and will require proceeds from future offerings to execute its full business plan. A failure to raise capital when needed would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, debt and other debt financing may involve a pledge of assets and may be senior to interests of equity holders. Any debt financing secured in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital or to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If adequate funds are not obtained, we may be required to reduce, curtail or discontinue operations.
Our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:
· investors’ perception of, and demand for, our securities;
· conditions of the U.S. and other capital markets in which we may seek to raise funds; and
· our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
Our failure to successfully market our brands could result in adverse financial consequences.
We believe that continuing to strengthen our brands is critical to achieving our widespread acceptance, particularly in light of the competitive nature of the market in which we operate. Promoting and positioning its brands will depend largely on the success of our marketing efforts and our ability to provide high quality services. There can be no assurance that brand promotion activities will yield increased revenues or that any such revenues would offset the expenses incurred us in building our brand. If we fail to promote and maintain our brand or incur substantial expenses in an attempt to promote and maintain our brand or if our existing or future strategic relationships fail to promote our brand or increase brand awareness, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.
We may not generate the same level of revenues from general construction projects.
Our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023 were approximately $17.01 million and $23.9 million, respectively. There were five customers (Sano Morio, Handou Syuji, Ming-Chi Chen, Kai-Ling Chen and Sano Morimoto) who represented approximately 81.8% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 of our total revenue for the prior year period. These customers are not located in mainland China or Hong Kong. Our future plan of operations is to shift away from general construction services to the construction of fish farms and fish trading business. There can be no guarantee that such shift in operations will generate the same levels of revenues previously generated through our variable interest entities.
There is no assurance that we will be profitable.
There is no assurance that we will earn profits in the future, or that profitability will be sustained. There is no assurance that future revenues will be sufficient to generate the funds required to continue our business development and marketing activities. If we do not have sufficient capital to fund our operations, we may be required to reduce our sales and marketing efforts or forego certain business opportunities.
We may not have the ability to manage our growth.
We anticipate that significant expansion will be required to address potential growth in our customer base and market opportunities. Our anticipated expansion is expected to place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. To manage any material growth of its operations and personnel, we may be required to improve existing operational and financial systems, procedures and controls and to expand, train and manage our employee base. There can be no assurance that our planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support our future operations, that management will be able to hire, train, retain, motivate and manage required personnel or that our management will be able to successfully identify, manage and exploit existing and potential market opportunities. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
We will need additional financing in order to grow our business.
From time to time, in order to expand operations to meet customer demand, we will need to incur additional capital expenditures. These capital expenditures are intended to be funded from third party sources, including the incurring of debt and/or the sale of additional equity securities. In addition to requiring additional financing to fund capital expenditures, we may require additional financing to fund working capital, research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative expenditures and operating losses. The incurrence of debt creates additional financial leverage and therefore an increase in the financial risk of our operations. The sale of additional equity securities will be dilutive to the interests of current equity holders. In addition, there can be no assurance that such additional financing, whether debt or equity, will be available to us or that it will be available on acceptable commercial terms. Any inability to secure such additional financing on appropriate terms could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We rely on our executive officers.
Our success is dependent on our current executive officers. Our success also depends in large part on the continued service of our key operational and management personnel. We face intense competition from our competitors, customers and other companies throughout the industry. The loss of any our executive officers, specifically Mr. Andy Jin, our Chief Executive Officer, or any failure on our part to hire, train and retain a sufficient number of qualified professionals could impair our business.
We rely on the performance of highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to attract, retain and motivate well-qualified employees, our business could be harmed.
We are, and will be, heavily dependent on the skill, acumen and services of our management and other employees. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them. In addition, the loss of any of our senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business could be harmed.
We may have inadvertently violated Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act (implementing Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) and may be subject to sanctions as a result.
Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act provides that it is unlawful for a company that has a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act to, directly or indirectly, including through any subsidiary, extend or maintain credit in the form of a personal loan to or for any of its directors or executive officers. In 2019, we did not have a corporate bank account established in Hong Kong or the U.S., and certain funds that were supposed to be deposited into such corporate bank account were instead deposited into the personal bank account of our former Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company (“Board”), President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Yin-Chieh Cheng, which was considered to be a personal loan made by us to Yin-Chieh Cheng and may have violated Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act. The receivable was repaid to us in January 2020. Issuers that are found to have violated Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act may be subject to civil sanctions, including injunctive remedies and monetary penalties, as well as criminal sanctions. The imposition of any of such sanctions on us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Future acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Selective acquisitions currently form part of our strategy to further expand our business. If we are presented with appropriate opportunities, we may acquire additional businesses, services or products that are complementary to our core business. Future acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new companies into ours would require significant attention from our management. Future acquisitions would also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with the assimilation of new operations, services and personnel, unforeseen or hidden liabilities, the diversion of resources from our existing businesses and technologies, the inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset the costs and expenses of acquisitions and potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with employees as a result of integration of new businesses. The diversion of our management’s attention and any difficulties encountered in any integration process could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
The value of seafood which we sell (e.g., eel) is subject to fluctuation which may result in volatility of our results of operations and the value of an investment in us.
Our business is partly dependent upon the sale of eel which value is subject to fluctuation and which value greatly fluctuates. Our net sales and operating results vary significantly due to the volatility of the value of eel and any other seafood that we sell which may result in the volatility of the market price of our common stock.
We are highly susceptible to changes in market demand for the types of seafood for which our recirculating aquaculture systems are used.
A significant portion of our revenues are derived from constructing recirculating aquaculture systems for fish farming. We therefore are highly susceptible to changes in market demand for the seafood for which our systems are used, which may be impacted by factors over which we have limited or no control. Factors that could lead to a decline in market demand for seafood in general and specifically the type of fish farmed using our systems include economic conditions and evolving consumer preferences. A substantial downturn in market demand for such seafood may have a material adverse effect on our business and on our results of operations.
A portion of our revenues are derived from a single product, eel and therefore we are highly susceptible to changes in market demand, which may be affected by factors over which we have limited or no control.
Approximately 98% of our revenues are derived from a single product, eel. We therefore are highly susceptible to changes in market demand, which may be impacted by factors over which we have limited or no control. Factors that could lead to a decline in market demand for eel include economic conditions and evolving consumer preferences. A substantial downturn in market demand for eel may have a material adverse effect on our business and on our results of operations.
There are risks associated with outsourced production that may result in a decrease in our profit.
The possibility of delivery delays, product defects and other production-side risks stemming from outsourcers cannot be eliminated. In particular, inadequate production capacity among outsourced manufacturers could result in us being unable to supply enough product amid periods of high product demand, the opportunity costs of which could be substantial.
We have limited insurance coverage.
We do not have any business liability, disruption or litigation insurance coverage for our operations in Taiwan. Any uninsured occurrence of loss or litigation or business disruption may result in the incurrence of substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
Competitors and potential competitors may develop products and technologies that make ours obsolete or garner greater market share than ours.
Our ability to compete successfully will depend on our ability to demonstrate that our products are superior to and/or less expensive than other products available in the market. Some of our competitors have the benefit of marketing their products under brand names that have better market recognition than ours or have stronger marketing and distribution channels than we do. Increased competition as to any of our products could result in price reduction, reduced margins and loss of market share, which could negatively affect our profitability.
Certain of our competitors may benefit from government support and other incentives that are not available to us. As a result, our competitors may be able to develop competing and/or superior products and compete more aggressively and sustain that competition over a longer period of time than we can. As more companies develop new intellectual property in our markets, a competitor could acquire patent or other rights that may limit our ability to successfully market our product.
We may produce products of inferior quality which would cause us to lose customers.
Although we make an effort to ensure the quality of our RASs, they could from time to time contain defects, anomalies or malfunctions that are undetectable at the time of shipment, installation and initial testing. These defects, anomalies or malfunctions could be discovered after our products are shipped to customers and installed and tested at the site, resulting in the return or exchange of our products or discontinuation of the use of our products, which could negatively impact our operating results.
If our technologies or products are stolen, misappropriated, or reverse engineered, others could use the technologies to produce competing technologies or products.
Third parties, including our collaborators, contractors, and others involved in our business often have access to our technologies. If our technologies or products were stolen, misappropriated, or reverse engineered, they could be used by other parties that may be able to reproduce our technologies or products using our technologies for their own commercial gain. If this were to occur, it would be difficult for us to challenge this type of use, especially since we do not own any patents or other intellectual property rights with respect to our technologies and products.
We are subject to certain risks by virtue of our international operations.
We mainly operate in Taiwan and plan to expand in other international countries and in the United States. We expect to expand our operations significantly by accessing new markets abroad and expanding our services offerings. Our ability to manage our business and conduct our operations in other international countries and in the United States requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems, regulatory systems and commercial infrastructures. Furthermore, in most international markets, we would not be the first entrant, and our competitors may be better positioned than we are to succeed. Expanding in other international countries and in the United States may subject us to risks that we have either not faced before or increase our exposure to risks that we currently face, including risks associated with:
· recruiting and retaining qualified, multi-lingual employees, including customer support personnel;
· increased competition from similar local businesses and potential preferences by local populations for local providers;
· compliance with applicable foreign laws and regulations, including different liability standards and regulations;
· providing solutions in different languages for different cultures;
· credit risk and higher levels of payment fraud;
· compliance with anti-bribery laws;
· currency exchange rate fluctuations;
· foreign exchange controls that might prevent us from repatriating cash earned outside the United States;
· political and economic instability in some countries;
· double taxation of our international earnings and potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the tax laws of the United States or the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate; and
· higher costs of doing business in other international countries.
Natural disasters or other catastrophic events could harm our operations.
Our operations in the U.S. and Taiwan could be subject to significant risk of natural disasters, including earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, flooding and tornadoes, as well as other catastrophic events, such as terrorist attacks or wars. For example, our manufacturers are all located in Taiwan, which is susceptible to typhoons and earthquakes. Any disruption in our manufacturers’ manufacturing facilities arising from these and other natural disasters or other catastrophic events could cause significant delays in the production or shipment of the components of our products until such manufacturers are able to shift production to different facilities or until we are able to arrange for other third party manufacturers to manufacture the components of our products. The affected manufacturers may not be able to obtain alternate capacity to manufacture the components of our products or we may not be able to arrange for other third party manufacturers to manufacture the components of our products on favorable terms or at all. The occurrence of any of these circumstances may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.
The primary substantial portion of our revenues will be derived from Taiwan.
We anticipate that sales of our services in Taiwan will represent our primary revenues in the near future. Any significant decline in the condition of the economy of Taiwan could adversely affect consumer demand of our services, among other things, which in turn would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Currency fluctuations may adversely affect our business and if the NT dollar were to decline in value, that would reduce our revenue in U.S. dollar terms.
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and our operations in Taiwan use their local currency as their functional currencies. Substantially all of our revenue and expenses are in NT dollars. We are subject to the effects of exchange rate fluctuations with respect to any of such currency. For example, the value of the NT dollar depends to a large extent on Taiwan government policies and Taiwan’s domestic and international economic and political developments, as well as supply and demand in the local market.
The income statements of our operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates in each applicable period. To the extent the U.S. dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currencies denominated transactions results in reduced revenue, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. Similarly, to the extent the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated transactions results in increased revenue, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. We are also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as we convert the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars in consolidation. If there is a change in foreign currency exchange rates, the conversion of the foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements into U.S. dollars will lead to a translation gain or loss which is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. In addition, we have certain assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the relevant entity’s functional currency. Changes in the functional currency value of these assets and liabilities create fluctuations that will lead to a transaction gain or loss. We have not entered into agreements or purchased instruments to hedge our exchange rate risks, although we may do so in the future. The availability and effectiveness of any hedging transaction may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exchange rate risks.
We may be subject to product liability claims if people or properties are harmed by the services sold by us.
The components of our products intended to be sold by us, as part of our services, are manufactured by third parties. The components of our products may be defectively designed or manufactured. As a result, sales of the products could expose us to liability claims relating to personal injury or property damage and may require product recalls or other actions. Third parties subject to such injury or damage may bring claims or legal proceedings against us as the reseller of the products. We do not currently maintain any third-party liability insurance or products liability insurance in relation to products we intend to sell in conjunction with our services. As a result, any material products liability claim or litigation could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of funds and managerial efforts in defending them and could have a negative impact on our reputation.
Risk of litigation.
We and/or its directors and officers may be subject to a variety of civil or other legal proceedings, with or without merit. From time to time in the ordinary course of its business, we may become involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial, employment and other litigation and claims, as well as governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Furthermore, because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the results of any such actions may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
Even if the claims are without merit, the costs associated with defending these types of claims may be substantial, both in terms of time, money, and management distraction. The results of litigation and claims to which we may be subject cannot be predicted with certainty. Even if these matters do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could harm our business, results or operations and reputation.
Third parties may assert that our employees or consultants have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information or misappropriated trade secrets.
We employ individuals who previously worked with other companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of a former employer or other third party. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims or settling those claims, in addition to paying monetary damages or a settlement payment, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.
We currently, and may in the future, have assets held at financial institutions that may exceed the insurance coverage offered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the loss of such assets would have a severe negative affect on our operations and liquidity.
We may maintain our cash assets at certain financial institutions in the U.S. in amounts that may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limit of $250,000. In the event of a failure of any financial institutions where we maintain our deposits or other assets, we may incur a loss to the extent such loss exceeds the FDIC insurance limitation, which could have a material adverse effect upon our liquidity, financial condition and our results of operations.
Regulatory Risks
We must comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act while many of our competitors do not.
We are required to comply with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibits U.S. companies from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Foreign companies, including some of our competitors, are not subject to these prohibitions. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices occur from time to time in Taiwan. If our competitors engage in these practices, they may receive preferential treatment from personnel of some companies, giving our competitors an advantage in securing business or from government officials who might give them priority in obtaining new licenses, which would put us at a disadvantage. Although we inform our personnel that such practices are illegal, we cannot assure you that our employees or other agents will not engage in such conduct for which we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are found to have engaged in such practices, we could suffer severe penalties.
Future laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure may create uncertainty for public companies, which may increase legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time consuming.
Future laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.
Being listed on a national exchange makes it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our Board.
Relations between the PRC and Taiwan could negatively affect our business and financial status and therefore the market value of your investment.
Taiwan has a unique international political status. The PRC does not recognize the sovereignty of Taiwan. Although significant economic and cultural relations have been established in recent years between Taiwan and the PRC, relations have often been strained. The government of the PRC has threatened to use military force to gain control over Taiwan in limited circumstances. Our principal executive offices are located in Taiwan and a substantial majority of our net revenues are derived from our operations in Taiwan. Therefore, factors affecting military, political or economic conditions in Taiwan could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
A significant disruption in the operations of our suppliers in Taiwan, such as a trade war or political unrest, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any disruption in the operations of our suppliers in Taiwan or in their ability to meet our needs, whether as a result of a natural disaster or other causes, could impair our ability to operate our business on a day-to-day basis. Furthermore, since many of these third parties are located outside the U.S., we are exposed to the possibility of disruption and increased costs in the event of changes in the policies of the U.S. or foreign governments, political unrest or unstable economic conditions in any of the countries where we conduct such activities. For example, a trade war could lead to higher tariffs. Any of these matters could materially and adversely affect our development timelines, business and financial condition.
Our business, including our costs and supply chain, is subject to risks associated with manufacturing.
In the event of a significant disruption in the supply of the raw materials used in the manufacture of the components of the products we offer, the suppliers that we work with might not be able to locate alternative suppliers of materials of comparable quality at an acceptable price. For example, natural disasters may increase raw material costs and impact pricing with our suppliers, and cause shipping delays for the components of our products. Any delays, interruption, damage to, or increased costs in the manufacture of the components of the products we offer could result in higher prices to acquire the components of the products or non-delivery of the components of the products altogether, and could adversely affect our operating results.
If we remain identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years (or if the AHFCAA is enacted, two years), our securities will be delisted or prohibited from trading on Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange or the over-the-counter trading market under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. The delisting or the cessation of trading on Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange or the over-the-counter trading market of our securities, or the threat of their being delisted or prohibited, may materially and adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct full inspections or investigations of our auditor deprives our investors of the benefits of such inspections or investigations.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCAA states that if the SEC determines that an issuer has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, the SEC shall prohibit the securities of the issuer from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States.
The Company’s auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Since our auditor is located in Hong Kong, it is included on a list of audit firms the PCAOB determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by one or more authorities in Hong Kong, and is therefore subject to the PCAOB’s determination and currently not inspected by the PCAOB.
On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA. We would be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCAA, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.
In May 2021, the PCAOB issued a proposed rule 6100, Board Determinations Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, for public comment. The proposed rule is related to the PCAOB’s responsibilities under the HFCAA, which would establish a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. The proposed rule was adopted by the PCAOB on September 22, 2021 and approved by the SEC on November 5, 2021. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments implementing the disclosure and submission requirements under the HFCAA, pursuant to which the SEC will identify a “Commission-Identified Issuer” if an issuer has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction, and will then impose a trading prohibition on an issuer after it is identified as and remains a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years. If we remain identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer and have a “non-inspection” year, there is no assurance that we will be able to take remedial measures in a timely manner.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report on its determinations that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, because of positions taken by PRC authorities in such jurisdictions.
On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would amend the HFCAA and reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the listing and trading prohibitions under the HFCAA from three years to two years.
The SEC may propose additional rules or guidance that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. For example, on August 6, 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (the “PWG”), issued the Report on Protecting United States Investors from Significant Risks from Chinese Companies to the then President of the United States. This report recommended that the SEC implement five recommendations to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfil its statutory mandate. Some of the concepts of these recommendations were implemented with the enactment of the HFCAA. However, some of the recommendations were more stringent than the HFCAA. For example, if a company was not subject to PCAOB inspection, the report recommended that the transition period before a company would be delisted would end on January 1, 2022.
The SEC has announced that the SEC staff is preparing a consolidated proposal for the rules regarding the implementation of the HFCAA and to address the recommendations in the PWG report. It is unclear when the SEC will complete its rulemaking and when such rules will become effective and what, if any, of the PWG recommendations will be adopted. The SEC has also announced amendments to various annual report forms to accommodate the certification and disclosure requirements of the HFCAA. There could be additional regulatory or legislative requirements or guidance that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. The implications of this possible regulation or guidance in addition to the requirements of the HFCAA are uncertain, and such uncertainty could cause the market price of our securities to be materially and adversely affected.
Since the PCAOB is unable to conduct inspections or full investigations of our auditor, in May 2022, we were added to the SEC’s conclusive lists of issuers identified under the HFCAA, or a Commission-Identified Issuer. We will be delisted and our securities will be prohibited from being traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) or any other national securities exchange or the over-the-counter trading market if we remain identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years (or two if the AHFCAA is enacted). Such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting could have a negative impact on the price of our securities. Also, such a delisting could significantly affect our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and prospects.
Inspections of other audit firms that the PCAOB has conducted outside the PRC have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. If the PCAOB were unable to conduct inspections or full investigations of our auditor, we and our investors would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. In addition, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections or full investigations of auditors would make it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors to lose confidence in the audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.
Our contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership and our VIE shareholders may fail to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements.
Since the laws of Taiwan limit foreign equity ownership in certain businesses in Taiwan, we operate such business in Taiwan through our VIE (variable interest entity), Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd., a Taiwan corporation (“Meixin”), in which we have no ownership interest and rely on a series of contractual arrangements with Meixin and its respective equity holders to control and operate the VIE. Our revenue and cash flows from such business are attributed to our VIE. The contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIE. Direct ownership would allow us, for example, to directly or indirectly exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of our VIE, which, in turn, could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations at the management level. However, under the contractual arrangements, as a legal matter, if our VIE or its equity holders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend significant resources to enforce those arrangements and resort to litigation or arbitration and rely on legal remedies under the laws of Taiwan. These remedies may include seeking specific performance or injunctive relief and claiming damages, any of which may not be effective. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements or we experience significant delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIE and may lose control over the assets owned by our VIE. As a result, we may be unable to consolidate our VIE in our consolidated financial statements, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may lose the ability to use, or otherwise benefit from licenses and assets held by one of our VIEs, which could render us unable to conduct some or all of our business operations and constrain our growth.
One of our VIEs, Meixin, holds assets, approvals and licenses that are necessary for the operation of a certain portion of our business to which foreign investments are typically restricted or prohibited under the laws of Taiwan. Without our applicable VIE, and if we are unable to maintain the license that is necessary for us to conduct our operations in Taiwan or fail to obtain any other required licenses, we will be unable to operate in Taiwan. The contractual arrangements contain terms that specifically obligate the equity holders of our applicable VIE to ensure the valid existence of our VIE and restrict the disposition of material assets or any equity interest of our VIE. However, in the event the equity holders of our applicable VIE breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate our VIE, or our VIE declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to operate some or all of our business or otherwise benefit from the assets held by our VIE, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Furthermore, if our applicable VIE undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its equity holders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of the assets of our VIE, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business as well as constrain our growth.
Geopolitical conditions, including trade disputes and direct or indirect acts of war or terrorism, could have an adverse effect on our operations and financial results.
Since we operate on a global basis, our operations could be disrupted by geopolitical conditions, trade disputes, international boycotts and sanctions, political and social instability, acts of war, terrorist activity or other similar events. From time to time, we could have a large investment in a particular asset type, a large revenue stream associated with a particular customer or industry, or a large number of customers located in a particular geographic region. Decreased demand from a discrete event impacting a specific asset type, customer, industry, or region in which we have a concentrated exposure could negatively impact our results of operations.
In February 2022, Russia initiated significant military action against Ukraine. In response, the U.S. and certain other countries imposed significant sanctions and export controls against Russia, Belarus and certain individuals and entities connected to Russian or Belarusian political, business, and financial organizations, and the U.S. and certain other countries could impose further sanctions, trade restrictions, and other retaliatory actions should the conflict continue or worsen. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of the conflict, including related geopolitical tensions, and the measures and retaliatory actions taken by the U.S. and other countries in respect thereof as well as any counter measures or retaliatory actions by Russia or Belarus in response, including, for example, potential cyberattacks or the disruption of energy exports, is likely to cause regional instability and geopolitical shifts and could materially adversely affect global trade, currency exchange rates, regional economies and the global economy. In addition, the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East may further impact global economic conditions and market sentiments. This, in turn, could adversely affect the trading price of our shares of common stock and investor interest in us.
The Russia-Ukraine war and conflicts in the Middle East remain uncertain, and while it is difficult to predict the impact of any of the foregoing, the conflict and actions taken in response to the conflict could increase our costs, disrupt our supply chain, reduce our sales and earnings, impair our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We continue to expand our international footprint and operations, and we may expand further in the future, which subjects us to a variety of risks and complexities which, if not effectively managed, could negatively affect our business.
We currently maintain operations in Taiwan, and may in the future expand, or seek to expand, our operations to additional foreign jurisdictions.
For example, operating in Europe exposes us to political, legal and economic risks. In addition, a significant percentage of the production, downstream processing and sales of our products occurs outside the United States or with vendors, suppliers or customers located outside the United States. If tariffs or other restrictions are placed by the United States on foreign imports from Taiwan or other countries where we operate or seek to operate, or any related countermeasures are taken, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects may be harmed. Tariffs may increase our cost of goods, which could result in lower gross margins on certain of our products. If we raise prices to account for any such increase in costs of goods, the competitiveness of the affected products could potentially be reduced. In either case, increased tariffs on imports from Taiwan or other countries where we operate or seek to operate could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Trade restrictions and sanctions implemented by the United States or other countries, including sanctions imposed on Russia by the United States and other countries due to Russia’s recent invasion of Ukraine, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and our systems and infrastructure face certain risks, including cybersecurity and data leakage risks.
Significant disruptions to our information technology systems or breaches of information security could adversely affect our business. In the ordinary course of business, we collect, store and transmit large amounts of confidential information, and it is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of such information. We have also outsourced significant elements of our information technology infrastructure; as a result, we manage independent vendor relationships with third parties who are responsible for maintaining significant elements of our information technology systems and infrastructure and who may or could have access to our confidential information. The size and complexity of our information technology systems, and those of our third-party vendors, make such systems potentially vulnerable to service interruptions and security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, partners or vendors. These systems are also vulnerable to attacks by malicious third parties and may be susceptible to intentional or accidental physical damage to the infrastructure maintained by us or by third parties. Maintaining the secrecy of confidential, proprietary and/or trade secret information is important to our competitive business position. While we have taken steps to protect such information and have invested in systems and infrastructures to do so, there can be no guarantee that our efforts will prevent service interruptions or security breaches in our systems or the unauthorized or inadvertent wrongful use or disclosure of confidential information that could adversely affect our business operations or result in the loss, dissemination or misuse of critical or sensitive information. A breach our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure, unapproved dissemination, misappropriation or misuse of trade secrets, proprietary information or other confidential information, whether as a result of theft, hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, or for any other cause, could enable others to produce competing products, use our proprietary technology or information and/or adversely affect our business position. Further, any such interruption, security breach, loss or disclosure of confidential information could result in financial, legal, business and reputational harm to us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flow.
Evolving U.S. trade regulations and policies with China may in the future have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The U.S. government has recently imposed multiple rounds of tariffs on imports from China, among others, and there is an increasing risk of further tariff increases. Any restrictions or tariffs imposed on products that we or our suppliers import for sale or production in the United States would adversely and directly impact our cost of goods sold and could force us to seek alternative suppliers, which may not be as cost effective or readily available. In addition, changes in U.S. trade regulations and policies could have an adverse impact on trade relations between the United States and certain foreign countries, which could materially and adversely affect our relationships with our international suppliers and reduce the supply of goods available to us. Further, we cannot predict the extent to which the United States will adopt changes to existing trade regulations and policies, which creates uncertainties in planning our sourcing strategies and forecasting our margins. If additional tariffs are imposed on our products, or other retaliatory trade measures are taken, our costs could increase, and we may be required to raise our prices, which could materially and adversely affect our results. In addition, extended trade tensions and regulatory uncertainties may disrupt our supply chain, delay production or negatively impact our ability to compete in the market.
Risks Related to our Securities
Our common stock has been listed on Nasdaq under the alternative initial listing standard which could suppress the trading price of our securities and the liquidity of your investment.
Since the price per unit in the Public Offering was $3.50, our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the alternative initial listing standard pursuant to Nasdaq Rule 5550(a)(1)(B). A company that qualifies only for initial listing under Nasdaq’s alternative listing standard could become a “penny stock” if it later fails the net tangible assets and revenue tests after listing and does not satisfy any of the other exclusions from being a penny stock contained in Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act. In order to assist brokers’ and dealers’ compliance with the requirements of the penny stock rules, Nasdaq monitors companies listed under the alternative requirement and publishes on its website on a daily basis a list of any company that was initially listed under the alternative initial listing standard, which no longer satisfies the net tangible assets or revenue test contained in Nasdaq Rule 5505(a)(1)(B), and which does not satisfy any of the other exclusions from being a penny stock contained in Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act. If a company initially lists with a bid price below $4.00 under the alternative initial listing standard contained in Nasdaq Rule 5505(a)(1)(B), but subsequently achieves a $4.00 closing price for at least five consecutive business days and, at the same time, satisfies all other initial listing criteria, it will no longer be considered as having listed under the alternative requirement, and Nasdaq will notify the company that it has qualified for listing under the price requirement contained in Rule 5505(a)(1)(A). Although we satisfy the other listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market, there is no guarantee that our common stock will achieve a $4.00 closing price for at least five consecutive trading days and that will be deemed to not have been listed under the Nasdaq alternative listing standard. Until we are no longer considered to have been listed under Nasdaq’s alternative initial listing standard, the trading prices and liquidity of your securities might be adversely affected.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective internal controls could cause our investors to lose confidence in us and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. If our internal controls are not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 404”) requires that we maintain internal control over financial reporting that meets applicable standards. We may err in the design or operation of our controls, and all internal control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, there can be no assurance that all control issues have been or will be detected.
As of December 31, 2024, we did not maintain effective controls over the control environment. Our weaknesses related to a lack of a sufficient number of personnel with appropriate training and experience in U.S. general acceptable accounting principles (GAAP) and SEC rules and regulations with respect to financial reporting functions. Furthermore, we lack robust accounting systems as well as sufficient resources to hire such staff and implement these accounting systems.
If we are unable, or are perceived as unable, to produce reliable financial reports due to internal control deficiencies, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and operating results, which could result in a negative market reaction and a decrease in our stock price.
We have a large number of authorized but unissued shares of our common stock which will dilute your ownership position when issued.
Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, of which approximately 178,232,053 shares are available for issuance. Our management will continue to have broad discretion to issue shares of our common stock in a range of transactions, including capital-raising transactions, mergers, acquisitions and other transactions, without obtaining stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required under law or under Nasdaq Rule 5635(b) which requires stockholder approval for change of control transactions where a stockholder acquires 20% of a Nasdaq-listed company’s common stock or securities convertible into common stock, calculated on a post-transaction basis. If our management determines to issue shares of our common stock from the large pool of authorized but unissued shares for any purpose in the future and is not required to obtain stockholder approval, your ownership position would be diluted without your further ability to vote on that transaction.
Sales of our currently issued and outstanding shares of common stock and shares of common stock underlying warrants may become freely tradable pursuant to Rule 144 and may dilute the market for your shares and have a depressive effect on the price of the shares of our common stock.
Approximately 7,520,408 of the shares of common stock are “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”). As restricted securities, these shares may be resold only pursuant to an effective registration statement or under the requirements of Rule 144 or other applicable exemptions from registration under the Securities Act and as required under applicable state securities laws. Rule 144 provides in essence that a non-affiliate who has held restricted securities for a period of at least six months may sell their shares of common stock.
Under Rule 144, affiliates who have held restricted securities for a period of at least six months may, under certain conditions, sell every three months, in brokerage transactions, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of a company’s outstanding shares of common stock or the average weekly trading volume during the four calendar weeks prior to the sale. A sale under Rule 144 or under any other exemption from the Securities Act, if available, or pursuant to subsequent registrations of our shares of common stock, may have a depressive effect upon the price of our shares of common stock in any active market that may develop.
An active, liquid, and orderly market for our common stock may not develop.
Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq. An active trading market for our common stock may never develop or be sustained. If an active market for our common stock does not continue to develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for investors to sell their shares of common stock without depressing the market price and investors may not be able to sell their securities at all. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling our securities and may impair our ability to acquire other businesses, applications, or technologies using our securities as consideration, which, in turn, could materially adversely affect our business and the market prices of your shares of common stock.
Shares of our common stock may continue to be subject to illiquidity because our shares may continue to be thinly traded and may never become eligible for trading on a national securities exchange.
While our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain listing on Nasdaq. There are continuing eligibility requirements for Nasdaq-listed companies. If we are unable to satisfy the continuing eligibility requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted. This could result in a lower trading price for our common stock and may limit your ability to sell your shares, any of which could result in you losing some or all of your investments.
We may issue preferred stock in different series with terms that could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock.
While we have no specific plan to issue preferred stock in different series, our amended and restated articles of incorporation, as amended (“Articles of Incorporation”) authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more series of preferred stock having such designation, relative powers, preferences (including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions), voting rights, terms of conversion or redemption, and other relative, participating, optional, or other special rights, if any, of the shares of each such series of preferred stock and any qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, as our Board may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could dilute the voting power or reduce the value of our common stock. For example, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we could assign to holders of a specific preferred stock class could affect the residual value of the common stock.
The market valuation of our business may fluctuate due to factors beyond our control and the value of your investment may fluctuate correspondingly.
The market valuations of smaller reporting companies, such as us, frequently fluctuate due to factors unrelated to the past or present operating performance of such companies. Our market valuation may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
· changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance, although there are currently no analysts covering our stock;
· fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes, particularly among securities of smaller reporting companies;
· fluctuations in related commodities prices; and
· additions or departures of key personnel.
As a result, the value of your investment in us may fluctuate.
The trading prices of our common stock could be volatile and could decline following this offering at a time when you want to sell your holdings.
Numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause the trading prices of our common stock to fluctuate significantly. These factors include:
· quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our competitors;
· delays in end-user deployments of products;
· fluctuations in related commodities prices;
· announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, new products, significant contracts, commercial relationships or capital commitments;
· intellectual property infringements;
· our ability to develop and market new and enhanced products on a timely basis;
· commencement of, or our involvement in, litigation;
· major changes in our Board or management;
· changes in governmental regulations;
· changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;
· our failure to generate material revenues;
· our public disclosure of the terms of this financing and any financing which we consummate in the future;
· any acquisitions we may consummate;
· short selling activities;
· changes in market valuations of similar companies;
· changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of debt;
· changes in the prices of commodities associated with our business; and
· general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of end markets.
Additionally, the global economy and financial markets may be adversely affected by geopolitical events, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the conflicts in the Middle East.
Securities class action litigation is often instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs to us and divert our management’s attention and resources.
Future sales or perceived sales of our common stock could depress the trading prices of our common stock.
If the holders of our securities were to attempt to sell a substantial amount of their holdings at once, the market prices of our common stock could decline. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause stockholders to attempt to sell their securities and investors to short such securities, a practice in which an investor sells securities that he or she does not own at prevailing market prices, hoping to purchase such securities later at a lower price to cover the sale. As each of these events would cause the number of shares of our common stock being offered for sale to increase, our common stock market price would likely further decline and if such market price is less than the exercise price of the warrants, make the warrants worthless. All of these events could combine to make it very difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
Our common stock may be affected by limited trading volume and price fluctuations, which could adversely impact the value of our common stock.
Our common stock has experienced, and is likely to experience in the future, significant price and volume fluctuations, which could adversely affect the market prices of our common stock without regard to our operating performance. In addition, we believe that factors such as quarterly fluctuations in our financial results and changes in the overall economy or the condition of the financial markets could cause the market prices of our common stock to fluctuate substantially. These fluctuations may also cause short sellers to periodically enter the market in the belief that we will have poor results in the future. We cannot predict the actions of market participants and, therefore, can offer no assurances that the market for our common stock will be stable or appreciate over time.
We currently do not intend to declare dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and, as a result, your returns on your investment may depend solely on the appreciation of our common stock.
We currently do not expect to declare any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Instead, we anticipate that all of our earnings in the foreseeable future will be used to provide working capital, support our operations and finance the growth and development of our business. Any determination to declare or pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board, subject to applicable laws and dependent upon a number of factors, including our earnings, capital requirements and overall financial conditions. In addition, terms of any future debt or preferred securities may further restrict our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Accordingly, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment in our common stock may be if the market price of our common stock appreciates and you sell your shares at a profit. The market price for our common stock may never exceed, and may fall below, the price that you pay for such common stock.
Because we initially became a reporting company under the Exchange Act by means other than a traditional underwritten initial public offering, we may not be able to attract the attention of research analysts at major brokerage firms.
Because we did not initially become a reporting company by conducting an underwritten initial public offering of our common stock on a national securities exchange, securities analysts of brokerage firms may not provide coverage of us. In addition, investment banks may be less likely to agree to underwrite secondary offerings on our behalf than they might have if we initially became a public reporting company by means of an underwritten initial public offering on a national securities exchange, because they may be less familiar with us as a result of more limited coverage by analysts and the media, and because we became public at an early stage in our development. The failure to receive research coverage or support in the market for our shares will have an adverse effect on our ability to develop a liquid market for our common stock.
We may not be able to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq to maintain a listing of our common stock.
As a Nasdaq-listed company, we must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we violate the maintenance requirements for continued listing of our common stock, our common stock may be delisted. In addition, our Board may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. A delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq may materially impair our stockholders’ ability to buy and sell our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common stock. In addition, the delisting of our common stock could significantly impair our ability to raise capital.
We received a deficiency letter from Nasdaq notifying us that, for the 30 consecutive business days from November 29, 2024 through January 14, 2025, the closing bid price of our common stock has not been maintained at the minimum required closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share, as required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”).
In accordance with the listing rules of Nasdaq, we have been given 180 calendar days, or until July 14, 2025 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. If we are unable to regain compliance prior to the Compliance Date, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar days to satisfy the Bid Price Rule. To qualify, we will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market with the exception of the Bid Price Rule, and will need to provide written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during such additional compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.
The Nasdaq Letter does not result in the immediate delisting of our common stock and our common stock will continue to trade uninterrupted on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “NCRA.”
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” under the JOBS Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” and “smaller reporting companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common stock pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, although we will lose that status sooner if our revenues exceed $1.235 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three year period, or if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as (i) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is equal to or less than $250 million as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (ii) our annual revenues is equal to or less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is equal to or less than $700 million as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. In addition, taking advantage of reduced disclosure obligations may make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible. If investors are unable to compare our business with other companies in our industry, we may not be able to raise additional capital as and when we need it, which may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The elimination of personal liability against our directors and officers under Nevada law and the existence of indemnification rights held by our directors, officers and employees may result in substantial expenses.
Our Articles of Incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws (“Bylaws”) eliminate the personal liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer to the extent permissible under Nevada law. Further, our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws provide that we are obligated to indemnify each of our directors or officers to the fullest extent authorized by Nevada law and, subject to certain conditions, advance the expenses incurred by any director or officer in defending any action, suit or proceeding prior to its final disposition. Those indemnification obligations could expose us to substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against our directors or officers, which we may be unable to afford. Further, those provisions and resulting costs may discourage us or our stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against any of our current or former directors or officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, even if such actions might otherwise benefit our stockholders.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to any charter provision, by law or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Several analysts may cover our stock. If one or more of those analysts downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.
The inability to use Form S-3 for securities offerings could adversely affect our ability to access capital in the markets and may hinder our growth strategies by limiting our funding options.
In 2024, we acquired SY Culture, a strategic addition to our portfolio aimed at enhancing market position and broadening our product offerings. We have deemed that the acquisition of SY Culture is not significant pursuant to the asset test, investment test and income test. If the calculation of the significance of SY Culture was incorrect, or if we acquire additional businesses in the future that are deemed significant and did not disclose the required pro forma financial statements taking into account the applicable acquisition, the SEC may inform us that we did not disclose the required pro forma financial statements in connection with the applicable acquisition in an SEC filing and will be restricted from filing a registration statement on Form S-3 or forward incorporate by reference our SEC filings in a registration statement on Form S-1 for a specific period of time.
In 2022, we acquired Meixin, a strategic addition to our portfolio aimed at enhancing market position and broadening our product offerings. The SEC inquired about the financial information of Meixin as part of our regulatory filings. Despite our efforts to comply with these inquiries, we have been unable to provide complete financial information regarding Meixin due to the inability to locate Meixin’s financial information. This rendered us incapable of providing the SEC with the requisite financial statements that it requires in connection with the Meixin acquisition.
As a result, the SEC informed us that we were restricted from filing a registration statement on Form S-3, which is commonly used for investment activities, until the time the financial information for Meixin is no longer required to be included in a registration statement on Form S-3 (i.e., when the 2022 financials are no longer needed to be included in a registration statement). This restriction effectively limited our ability to engage in certain securities offerings under a Form S-3 registration statement during that period, specifically until after February 2025.
If we fail to timely provide the required pro forma financials with regard to any significant acquisition, we may not be able to use Form S-3 for securities offerings for a specific period of time, which could adversely affect our ability to access capital in the markets and may hinder our growth strategies by limiting our funding options. These restrictions may place us at a competitive disadvantage relative to our peers who have greater access to capital in the markets and may potentially affect the confidence of investors and ultimately affect our stock price.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our headquarter is located at 3F (Building B), No. 185, Sec. 1, Datong Rd., Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan (R.O.C.). The office is rented by Taiwan Grand Smooth Enterprise Co., Ltd., a company 100% controlled by Yin-Chieh Cheng, our former President, former Chief Executive Officer, and former Chairman of the Board. The estate of Mr. Cheng sub-leases this space to us, which is free of charge.
Since March 31, 2023, we have owned 229 contiguous acres of land located in Montgomery County, Alabama. We intend to build RASs on the land for fish farming. The property includes a house, a manufactured home and a building site with sewer and power which we intend to develop into an office and dormitory for our future employees.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are currently not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending or threatened legal or administrative proceedings against us in all material aspects. We may from time to time become a party to various legal or administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock, par value $0.001, is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “NCRA.” On May 5, 2025, the closing price for our common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $1.06 per share.
Stockholders
As of May 6, 2025, we had approximately 442 stockholders of record of our common stock, not including shares held in street name.
Dividends
We do not expect to declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and we currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. The decision whether to pay cash dividends on our common stock will be made by our Board, at its discretion, and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that the Board considers significant.
We did not pay cash dividends in the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Mountain Share Transfer, LLC.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
In 2018, the Board and stockholders adopted Nocera, Inc.’s 2018 Stock Option and Award Incentive Plan, effective December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of the following types of stock awards: (i) incentive stock options, (ii) non-statutory stock options, and (iii) stock purchase rights. The 2018 Plan is intended to help us secure and retain the services of eligible award recipients, provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for our success and any affiliate and provide a means by which the eligible recipients may benefit from increases in value of the common stock. The 2018 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The Board reserved 6,666,667 (post-split) shares of common stock under the 2018 Plan. No awards have been granted to any employees or consultants pursuant to the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2024, a total of 4,333,334 shares of common stock are available for future issuance pursuant to the 2018 Plan.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
Issuance of Common Stock
· On February 20, 2024, we entered into VIE Agreement with Xinca and issued 1,800,000 shares of our common stock in exchange of 100% controlling of Xinca;
· On April 14, 2024, we entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement with SY Culture and issued 600,000 shares of our common stock in exchange of 100% equity of SY Culture; and
· On November 11, 2024, our Chief Financial Officer, Shun-Chih Chuang, exercised 20,000 Class A warrants with an exercise price of $0.75 per share in exchange for 20,000 shares of common stock.
The foregoing securities were issued in reliance on the exclusion from registration provided by either (i) Rule 701 of the Securities Act because the issuance was made pursuant to a compensatory benefit plan, (ii) Rule 903 of Regulation S under the Securities Act of the Securities Act because the recipient was a non-U.S. Person (as defined under Rule 902 Section (k)(2)(i) of Regulation S), or (iii) Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act due to the fact the issuance did not involve a public offering of securities to a U.S. Person.
EQUITY PLAN INFORMATION
Plan Category: Number of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights: Weighted
average
exercise price of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights: Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future
issuance:
2018 Equity Incentive Plan:
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders - $ - 5,956,667
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders - - -
Total - $ - 5,956,667
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, our consolidated financial statements and the financial data included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflect our reorganization and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. For additional information regarding these and other risks and uncertainties, please see the items listed above under the section captioned “Risk Factors”, as well as any other cautionary language contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operations Overview
As of December 31, 2019, we provide land-based recirculation aquaculture systems for fish farming. Our primary business operations consist of the design, development and production of RASs large scale fish tank systems, for fish farms along with expert consulting, technology transfer and aquaculture project management services to new and existing aquaculture management business services. Through our branch office, we also procure and sell eel in Taiwan. In addition, as of December 2022, we sell food items, including our signature seafood porridge bowl, through our flagship bento box store located at the Ning Xia Night Market in the Datong District of Taipei City, Taiwan.
In October 2020, the government of Taiwan began supporting the Green Power and Solar Sharing Fish Farms initiative. In view of the opportunities resulting from this initiative, in October 2020, Nocera ceased all of its operations in China and moved all of its technology and back-office operations to Taiwan. We now only operate out of Taiwan.
Our current mission is to provide consulting services and solutions in aquaculture projects to reduce water pollution and decrease the disease problems of fisheries. Our goal is to become a global leader in the land-based aquaculture business. We are now poised to grow our existing operations in Taiwan and expand into the development and management of land-based fish farms in Taiwan and North and South America. We do not currently have any intentions of conducting operations in China or Hong Kong.
Effective December 31, 2020, we entered into a series of contractual agreements with Xin Feng Construction Co., Ltd., a funded limited liability company registered in Taiwan (R.O.C.), whereby we agreed to provide technical consulting and related services to XFC. On November 30, 2022, we entered into a Purchase of Business Agreement with Han-Chieh Shih, in which we sold our controlling interest of XFC, to the Purchaser for a total purchase cash price of $300,000. The closing of the XFC Sale occurred on November 30, 2022 and the XFC VIE agreements were terminated in connection with the XFC Sale. As of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have no intention of providing services to construct indoor RASs and solar sharing fish farms in Taiwan.
As of September 30, 2021, we launched our first RAS demo site in Taiwan and engaged the demo site into the testing phase to raise eel. Currently, we are promoting our RASs in Taiwan and looking for opportunities to cooperate with local solar energy industry and to expand our business into the U.S. We believe the U.S. is a potentially lucrative market to penetrate.
On September 7, 2022, we entered into a series of contractual agreements with the majority stockholder of Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd., a Taiwan corporation and a food processing and catering company, and Meixin, of which we purchased 80% controlling interest of Meixin for $4,300,000. The Meixin VIE Agreements essentially confer control and management of Meixin as well as substantially all of the economic benefits of the Selling Stockholder in Meixin to us. As a result, we have been determined to be the primary beneficiary of Meixin and Meixin became our VIE.
On June 1, 2023, Gui Zhou Grand Smooth Technology Ltd. (“GZ GST”), one of our wholly owned subsidiaries, entered into that certain Share Purchase Agreement dated as of June 1, 2023, as amended, with Zhe Jiang Xin Shui Hu Digital Information, Ltd. (“Zhe Jiang”), pursuant to which GZ GST acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity securities of Zhe Jiang from the stockholders of Zhe Jiang (the “Zhe Jiang Acquisition”) in exchange for the issuance of 1,500,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. During the initial transaction process and our performing due diligence for the closing, we observed that time constraints have led to certain complexities and challenges in consummating the Acquisition within the originally planned timeframe. We are actively working with Zhe Jiang to resolve such complexities and challenges and will file a Current Report on Form 8-K if and when the Zhe Jiang Acquisition is consummated.
We employ a sales and marketing strategy targeting Taiwan government-supported solar fish farms. We are planning on expanding our sales and marketing model through the use of online marketing, data intelligence, and the establishment of a distributor network. The online marketing and data intelligence is designed to generate sales leads internationally outside of Taiwan that can be directed to our sales department for further follow-up.
We plan to sell and develop fish farms in Taiwan, the U.S. and Brazil. We expect to sell over five thousand tanks in the next five years. Our production facility is to be established in Taiwan, and we plan to sell the systems into the Americas and European countries as well.
We also intend to expend the fish farming demo sites in Taiwan by adding 20 units of RAS eel farming equipment with outsourcing construction services and build the catfish farm in the U.S. by the end of 2024 to promote our fish farming systems to the global market. We are expecting more customers from various countries actively inquiring about our equipment. As of February 16, 2023, we completed the acquisition of 229 acres of land in Montgomery County, Alabama, of which we intend to build RASs on that land for fish farming. We plan to enhance market penetration through the establishment of our own fish farms and diversify revenue streams through various sales channels.
In 2024, we initiated the e-commerce business in China, utilizing platforms like Douyin to expand our retail reach, utilizing interactive content and livestream shopping to drive engagement and sales. By integrating social commerce with our seafood resources, we enhance pricing advantages and optimize margins, strengthening our position in the evolving retail landscape.
Key Factors Affecting our Performance
As a result of a number of factors, our historical results of operations may not be comparable to our results of operations in future periods, and our results of operations may not be directly comparable from period to period. Set forth below is a brief discussion of the key factors impacting our results of operations.
Known Trends and Uncertainties
Inflation
Prices of certain commodity products, including raw materials, are historically volatile and are subject to fluctuations arising from changes in domestic and international supply and demand, labor costs, competition, market speculation, government regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs. Increasing prices in the component materials for our goods may impact the availability, the quality and the price of our products, as suppliers search for alternatives to existing materials and increase the prices they charge. Our suppliers may also fail to provide consistent quality of products as they may substitute lower cost materials to maintain pricing levels. Nocera’s cost base also reflects significant elements for freight, including fuel, which has significantly increased due to the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war and the conflicts in the Middle East. Rapid and significant changes in commodity prices such as fuel and plastic may negatively affect our profit margins if Nocera is unable to mitigate any inflationary increases through various customer pricing actions and cost reduction initiatives.
Geopolitical Conditions
Our operations could be disrupted by geopolitical conditions, trade disputes, international boycotts and sanctions, political and social instability, acts of war, terrorist activity or other similar events. From time to time, we could have a large revenue stream associated with a particular customer or a large number of customers located in a particular geographic region. Decreased demand from a discrete event impacting a specific customer, industry or region in which we have a concentrated exposure could negatively impact our results of operations.
In February 2022, Russia initiated significant military action against Ukraine. In response, the U.S. and certain other countries imposed significant sanctions and export controls against Russia, Belarus and certain individuals and entities connected to Russian or Belarusian political, business and financial organizations, and the U.S. and certain other countries could impose further sanctions, trade restrictions and other retaliatory actions should the conflict continue or worsen. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of the conflict, including related geopolitical tensions and the measures and retaliatory actions taken by the U.S. and other countries in respect thereof as well as any counter measures or retaliatory actions by Russia or Belarus in response, including, for example, potential cyberattacks or the disruption of energy exports, is likely to cause regional instability, geopolitical shifts and could materially adversely affect global trade, currency exchange rates, regional economies and the global economy. The situation remains uncertain, and while it is difficult to predict the impact of any of the foregoing, the conflict and actions taken in response to the conflict could increase our costs, reduce our sales and earnings, impair our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Foreign Currency
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and our operations in Taiwan use their local currency as their functional currencies. Substantially all of our revenue and expenses are in NT dollars. We are subject to the effects of exchange rate fluctuations with respect to any of such currency. For example, the value of the NT dollar depends to a large extent on Taiwan government policies and Taiwan’s domestic and international economic and political developments, as well as supply and demand in the local market.
The income statements of our operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates in each applicable period. To the extent the U.S. dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currencies denominated transactions results in reduced revenue, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. We are also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as we convert the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars in consolidation.
Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Assumptions
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the financial reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. We consider the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements.
The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that are, in management’s view, most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and those that require significant judgments and estimates.
The accounting principles we utilized in preparing our consolidated financial statements conform in all material respects to U.S. GAAP.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the allowance for doubtful receivables; the useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets; impairment of long-lived assets; recoverability of the carrying amount of inventory; fair value of financial instruments; provisional amounts based on reasonable estimates for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) and the assessment of deferred tax assets or liabilities. These estimates are often based on complex judgments and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Financial Assets
The classification of financial assets depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial recognition. Regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a trade date or settlement date basis for which financial assets were classified in the same way, respectively. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.
a) Category of financial assets and measurement
Financial assets are classified into the following categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), investments in debt instruments and equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”), and financial assets at amortized cost.
1) Financial asset at FVTPL
For certain financial assets which include debt instruments that do not meet the criteria of amortized cost or FVTOCI, it is mandatorily required to measure them at FVTPL. Any gain or loss arising from remeasurement is recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any interest earned on the financial asset.
2) Investments in debt instruments at FVTOCI
Debt instruments with contractual terms specifying that cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, together with objective of collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, are measured at FVTOCI.
Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment gains or losses on investments in debt instruments at FVTOCI are recognized in profit or loss. Other changes in the carrying amount of these debt instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income and will be reclassified to profit or loss when these debt instruments are disposed.
3) Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI
On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate investments in equity investments that is not held for trading as at FVTOCI.
Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in other equity.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are recognized in profit or loss when the Company’s right to receive the dividends is established, unless the Company’s rights clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.
4) Measured at amortized cost
Cash and cash equivalents, commercial paper, debt instrument investments, notes and accounts receivable (including related parties), other receivables, refundable deposits and temporary payments (including those classified under other current assets and other noncurrent assets) are measured at amortized cost.
Debt instruments with contractual terms specifying that cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, together with objective of holding financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, are measured at amortized cost.
Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets measured at amortized cost are measured at amortized cost, which equals to carrying amount determined by the effective interest method less any impairment loss.
b) Impairment of financial assets
At the end of each reporting period, a loss allowance for expected credit loss is recognized for financial assets at amortized cost (including accounts receivable) and for investments in debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI.
The loss allowance for accounts receivable is measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For financial assets at amortized cost and investments in debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, when the credit risk on the financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, a loss allowance is recognized at an amount equal to expected credit loss resulting from possible default events of a financial instrument within 12 months after the reporting date. If, on the other hand, there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is recognized at an amount equal to expected credit loss resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.
The Company recognizes an impairment loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments with a corresponding adjustment to their carrying amount through a loss allowance account, except for investments in debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, for which the loss allowance is recognized in other comprehensive income and does not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset.
c) Derecognition of financial assets
The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset to another entity.
On derecognition of a financial asset at amortized cost in its entirety, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss. On derecognition of an investment in a debt instrument at FVTOCI, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in profit or loss. However, on derecognition of an investment in an equity instrument at FVTOCI, the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is transferred directly to retained earnings, without recycling through profit or loss.
Fair Value Measurement
We apply ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands financial statement disclosure requirements for fair value measurements.
ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) on the measurement date in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
ASC Topic 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques, which is based on whether the inputs into the valuation technique are observable or unobservable. The hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. Unobservable inputs are valuation technique inputs that reflect our own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
Our management is responsible for determining the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangibles identified as of the acquisition date and considered a number of factors including valuations from an independent appraiser.
When available, we use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of an asset or liability. If quoted market prices are not available, we measure fair value using valuation techniques that use, when possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates and currency rates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all cash on hand and cash in bank with no restrictions. The balance of cash as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 were $484,161 and $1,229,580, respectively.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable are stated at the original amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts, if any, based on a review of all outstanding amounts at period end. An allowance is also made when there is objective evidence that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. We analyze the aging of the customer accounts, coverage of credit insurance, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, historical and current economic trends and changes in its customer payment patterns when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets, Net
Prepaid expense and other assets, net consist of receivable from prepaid rent, etc. Management reviews its receivable balance each reporting period to determine if an allowance for doubtful accounts is required. An allowance for doubtful account is recorded in the period in which loss is determined to be probable based on an assessment of specific evidence indicating doubtful collection, historical experience, account balance aging and prevailing economic conditions. Bad debts are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have ceased.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Inventories include raw materials, work in progress and finished goods. The variable production overhead is allocated to each unit of product on the basis of the actual use of the production facilities. The allocation of fixed production overhead to the costs of conversion is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.
Where there is evidence that the utility of inventories, in their disposal in the ordinary course of business, will be less than cost, whether due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels or other causes, the inventories are written down to net realizable value.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into its existing use. Maintenance, repairs and betterments, including replacement of minor items, are charged to expense; major additions to physical properties are capitalized.
Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which are shown as follows.
Useful life
Land Indefinite, as per land titles
Equipment 3 years
Upon sale or disposal, the applicable amounts of asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the net amount less proceeds from disposal is charged or credited to income.
Business Combination
For a business combination, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree are recognized at the acquisition date and measured at their fair values as of that date. In a business combination achieved in stages, the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, are recognized at the full amounts of their fair values. In a bargain purchase in which the total acquisition-date fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of the consideration transferred plus any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, that excess in earnings is recognized as a gain attributable to the acquirer.
Deferred tax liability and assets are recognized for the deferred tax consequences of differences between the tax bases and the recognized values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10.
Variable Interest Entity
A variable interest entity is an entity (investee) is an entity in which the investor has obtained a controlling interest even if it has less than a majority of voting rights, according to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). A VIE is subject to consolidation if a VIE meets one of the following three criteria as elaborated in ASC Topic 810-10, Consolidation:
(a) equity-at-risk is not sufficient to support the entity’s activities;
(b) as a group, the equity-at-risk holders cannot control the entity; or
(c) the economics do not coincide with the voting interest.
If a firm is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the holdings must be disclosed on the balance sheet. The primary beneficiary is defined as the person or company with the majority of variable interests. A corporation formed, owned, and operated by two or more businesses (ventures) as a separate and discrete business or project (venture) for their mutual benefit is defined as a joint venture.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
We recognize goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of October 1st of each year, and is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. An impairment charge for goodwill is recognized only when the estimated fair value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, is less than its carrying amount.
We recognize intangibles assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. Acquired intangible assets subject to amortization are stated at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Intangible assets that are subject to amortization are reviewed for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment at least annually.
The estimates of fair value are based on the best information available as of the date of the assessment, which primarily incorporates management assumptions about expected future cash flows. Although these assets are not currently impaired, there can be no assurance that future impairments will not occur.
Share-Based Compensation
We determine our share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (ASC 718), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees based on the grant date fair value of the award.
Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of phantom award grants requires the input of subjective assumptions. We use the Black-Scholes pricing model to value our phantom awards. Share-based compensation expense is calculated using our best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. Significant estimates include our expected volatility. If different estimates and assumptions had been used, our phantom unit valuations could be significantly different and related share-based compensation expense may be materially impacted.
The Black-Scholes pricing model requires inputs such as the risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected volatility and expected dividend yield. We base the risk-free interest rate that we use in the Black-Scholes pricing model on zero coupon U.S. Treasury instruments with maturities similar to the expected term of the award being valued. The expected term of phantom awards is estimated from the vesting period of the award and represents the weighted average period that our phantom awards are expected to be outstanding. We estimated the volatility based on the historic volatility of our guideline companies, which we feel best represent our Company. We have never paid and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and, therefore, we use an expected dividend yield of zero in the pricing model. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, we are subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. We recognize a liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss has occurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. We may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenues when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods. We recognize revenues following the five step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, we apply the following steps:
· Step 1: Identify the contract (s) with a customer
· Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract
· Step 3: Determine the transaction price
· Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation in the contract
· Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation
We considered revenue is recognized when (or as) we satisfy performance obligations by transferring a promised goods and provide maintenance service to a customer. Revenue is measured at the transaction price which is based on the amount of consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for transferring the promised goods and providing maintenance service to the customer. Contracts with customers are comprised of invoices, and written contracts.
We do not have arrangements for returns from customers. We have no sales incentive programs.
We provide goods, maintenance service warranties for the goods sold with a period varying from 18 months to 72 months, with the majority of the periods being 18 months, and exclusive sales agency license to its customers. For performance obligation related to providing products, we expect to recognize the revenue according to the delivery of products. For performance obligation related to maintenance service warranties, we expect to recognize the revenue on a ratable basis using a time-based output method. The performance obligations are typically satisfied as services are rendered on a straight-line basis over the contract term, which is generally for 18 months as a majority of the maintenance service warranties periods provided are 18 months. For performance obligation related to exclusive agency license, we recognize the revenue ratably upon the satisfaction over the estimated economic life of the license.
We do not have amounts of contract assets since revenue is recognized as control of goods is transferred. The contract liabilities consist of advance payments from customers and deferred revenue. Advance payments from customers are expected to be recognized as revenue within 12 months. Deferred revenue is expected to be recognized as revenue within 12 months.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of purchase cost of merchandise goods, material costs, labor costs, depreciation, and related expenses, which are directly attributable to the production of the product. Write-down of inventories to lower of cost or net realizable value is also recorded in cost of sales.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates, applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Leases (ASC Topic 842), which amends the lease requirements in ASC Topic 840, Leases. Under the new lease accounting standard, a lessee will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for most leases on the balance sheet. The new standard also modifies the classification criteria and accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases, and enhances the disclosure requirements. Leases will continue to be classified as either finance or operating leases.
We adopted ASC Topic 842 using the modified retrospective transition method effective January 1, 2019. There was no cumulative effect of initially applying ASC Topic 842 that required an adjustment to the opening retained earnings on the adoption date nor revision of the balances in comparative periods. As a result of the adoption, we recognized a lease liability and right-of-use asset for each of our existing lease arrangement. The adoption of the new lease standard does not have a material impact on our consolidated income statement or our consolidated statement of cash flow.
Uncertain Tax Positions
We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized and recorded as necessary in the provision for income taxes. According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations is extended to five years under special circumstances, where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB 100,000. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. There are no uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and we have no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. We do not believe that the unrecognized tax benefits will change over the next twelve months.
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Comprehensive income or loss is comprised of our net (loss) income and other comprehensive income or loss. The component of other comprehensive income or loss consists solely of foreign currency translation adjustments, net of the income tax effect.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
Our reporting currency is the United States dollar (“US$”). The functional currency of our VIE in Taiwan is Taiwan New Dollar (“TWD”), and the functional currency of our Hong Kong subsidiary is Hong Kong dollars (“HK$”). The functional currency of PRC companies is the Renminbi (“RMB”). In the consolidated financial statements, the financial information of our subsidiary and the consolidated VIE has been translated into US$. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates on the balance sheet date, equity amounts are translated at historical exchange rates, except for changes in accumulated deficit during the year which is the result of income statement translation process, and revenue, expense, gains or losses are translated using the average exchange rate during the year. Translation adjustments are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss in the consolidated statements of changes in equity and comprehensive (loss) income. The exchange rates as of December 31, 2024, and 2023 are 7.3512and 7.1258, respectively. The annual average exchange rates for the year ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 are 7.2391 and 7.1162, respectively.
(Loss) Earnings per Share
Basic (loss) earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income attributable to holders of common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herewith.
Restatement of Previously Issued Interim Financial Statements
In connection with the preparation of this Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2024, we identified and corrected certain errors in our previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarters ended March 31, June 30, and September 30, 2024.
Specifically, we inadvertently failed to perform the required fair value remeasurement of our warrant liabilities at the end of each of the first three quarters of 2024, as required by applicable accounting guidance. Additionally, certain assets and liabilities were misclassified between non-current assets and current liabilities during those periods, which required correction and reversal.
The impact of the fair value adjustment was material and resulted in a change from a net loss to net income in the affected quarters, along with a corresponding change from a loss per share to positive earnings per share. The impact of the misclassification of assets and liabilities reduced both total assets and total liabilities by $368,504.
These corrections are reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, and supersede the previously filed interim financial results. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the years ended December 31,
Net Sales $ 17,013,132 $ 23,915,926
Cost of sales (16,678,871 ) (23,720,967 )
Gross profit 334,261 194,959
Operating expenses
Impairment of goodwill (1,159,172 ) (2,250,553 )
General and administrative expenses (2,135,336 ) (2,346,343 )
Total operating expenses (3,294,508 ) (4,596,876 )
Other income 690,514 265,266
Net loss from continuing operations before income taxes (2,269,733 ) (4,136,651 )
Income tax expense (124,070 ) (22,703 )
Net loss from continuing operations (2,393,803 ) (4,159,354 )
Net loss (2,393,803 ) (4,159,354 )
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 39,342 54,395
Net loss attributable to Nocera Shareholders $ (2,354,461 ) $ (4,104,959 )
Other Comprehensive loss
Net loss (2,393,803 ) (4,159,354 )
Foreign currency translation income 86,491 4,688
Total comprehensive loss (2,307,312 ) (4,159,666 )
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 39,342 54,395
Less: Foreign currency translation loss attributable to non-controlling interest 4,549 (48,335 )
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nocera Shareholders $ (2,263,461 ) $ (4,148,606 )
Loss per share - basic and diluted $ (0.1807 ) $ (0.4238 )
Net loss per share from continuing operations - basic and diluted (1) $ (0.1807 ) $ (0.4238 )
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic and Diluted 13,249,705 9,814,000
(1) On August 11, 2022, the Company effected a 2:3 reverse stock split for each share of common stock issued and outstanding. All shares and associated amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the stock split.
Comparison of Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023
Revenue
Revenue of the Company for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was approximately $3,997,039 million compared to approximately $7,467,601 million for the comparable period in 2023. For the three months ended December 31, 2024, SY Culture and Xinca generated $27,631 and $40,936, respectively.
Revenue of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024 was approximately $17.01 million compared to approximately $23.9 million for the comparable period in 2023. The revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, was mostly decreased from Meixin catering business and the fish trading business from NTB with the revenue of $4.8 million and $11.8 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, SY Culture and Xinca generated $93,041 and $251,992, respectively.
· Fish Trading Business: For the year ended December 31, 2024, the fish trading business decreased in volume, but the selling price increased, the volume decreased from 1083 tons to 770 tons for the comparable period in 2023 and 2024. The average selling price of eels increased from $13.79 to $15.31 per kilogram for the comparable period in 2023 and 2024.
· Catering Business: For the year ended December 31, 2024, the catering business separated into two lines of operations. The bento box business volume decreased from 80,640 to 65,376 boxes with average price decreased from $3.85 to $3.74 per box for the comparable period in 2023 and 2024. The fruit and vegetable processing service and sales volume decreased from 438,310 kilograms to 310,302 kilograms in volume with average prices decreased from $15.85 to $14.47 per kilograms for the comparable period in 2023 and 2024.
For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our foreign currency translation gain was $86,491 and foreign currency translation gain was $4,688 of sales and income, respectively.
The decrease in revenue from $7.4 million in 2023 to $3.9 million in 2024 is primarily attributed to a downturn in the fish market in Taiwan. Specifically, the significantly low eel fry catch in 2022 and 2023 has led to a substantial reduction in the availability of market-size eels, impacting overall sales performance. Also, during the third quarter of 2024, Taiwan experienced a significant number of typhoons and other natural disasters. These adverse events negatively impacted the fish farming industry, leading to a decline in overall market production. We believe these environmental factors are critical to understanding the fluctuations in production during the period. To address this challenge and improve revenue, we are actively developing the cultivation of alternative aquaculture species to diversify our product offerings. Additionally, we are expanding and strengthening various sales channels to enhance market reach and drive revenue growth.
Looking ahead, we anticipate that these adverse factors may continue to impact our operating results in the near term. The limited eel fry catch in previous years is expected to have residual effects on eel availability in future periods, which may constrain revenue growth. Furthermore, the increased frequency and severity of natural disasters present an ongoing risk to production stability in the aquaculture industry.
Gross profit
Gross profit for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was $170,382, compared to $37,699 for the comparable period in 2023. The increase was primarily because there was an increase in demands of the sales through e-commerce business for the three months ended December 31, 2024.
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2024 was approximately $334,261, compared to approximately $194,959 for the comparable period in 2023. The gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2024 was mostly generated from Meixin catering business and Xinca e-commerce business with the gross profit of approximately $63,554 and $183,358, respectively. The increase was primarily because there was an increase in demands of the sales through e-commerce business for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The operating loss incurred in NTB fish trading business is primarily attributed to administrative expenses, amounting to approximately $2,042,581. We are confident that profitability can be achieved by optimizing management expenses and enhancing profit margins.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses were $900,395, for the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to approximately $583,537 for the comparable period in 2023. This increase was primarily due to the increase of consulting fees and salary expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024.
General and administrative expenses were $2.1 million, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $2.3 million for the comparable year ended in 2023. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was mainly due to the decrease of consulting fees, legal fees, miscellaneous expenses in 2024.
Other income (expense)
Other income was $690,514 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to other expense of $265,266 for the comparable period in 2023. The income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was mainly due to the waiver of payables.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a fair value adjustment related to its outstanding warrant liabilities, resulting in a non-cash gain of $797,269 for the year. These warrants are classified as liabilities pursuant to ASC 815 and are remeasured at fair value each reporting period, with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
In connection with the restatement disclosed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company revised its previously issued financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the quarters ended March 31, June 30, and September 30, 2024, to correct the accounting treatment for the warrant liabilities. The restatements resulted in changes to the fair value adjustments recognized in each quarter as follows:
·
Q4 2023: Gain of $306,652
·
Q1 2024: Gain of $197,843
·
Q2 2024: Gain of $360,202
·
Q3 2024: Loss of $29,849
The fair value of the warrants is sensitive to several key inputs, including the Company’s stock price, expected volatility, risk-free rate, and remaining life of the instruments. These fair value adjustments do not affect the Company’s cash flows but may cause fluctuations in reported net income or loss in future periods.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an income tax expense of $22,703 as compared to income tax expense of $124,070 for the comparable period in 2024.
Net loss attributable
Net loss attributable to us (excluding net loss attributable to non-controlling interest) for the year ended December 31, 2024 was approximately $2.3 million compared to net loss attributable to us (excluding net income attributable to non-controlling interest) approximately of $4.1 million for the comparable period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease of General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Liquidity and Capital Resources; Going Concern
We had net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the cash balance was approximately $0.48 million as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,238,881, a net loss of $2,393,803, and net cash used in operating activities of $1,574,709. In their audit report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 included in this report, our auditors have expressed their concern as to our ability to continue as a going concern.
We continue to control our cash expenses as a percentage of expected revenue on an annual basis and thus may use its cash balances in the short-term to invest in revenue growth. Management is focused on growing our existing product offering, as well as our customer base, to increase our revenues. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to generate cashflows from operations and obtain financing. We cannot give assurance that we can increase our cash balances or limit our cash consumption and thus maintain sufficient cash balances for our planned operations or future acquisitions. Future business demands may lead to cash utilization at levels greater than recently experienced. We may need to raise additional capital in the future. However, we cannot assure that we will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all. Subject to the foregoing, however, management believes that our current cash balances coupled with anticipated cash flow from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements for at least one year from the date of issuance of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
To date, we have funded our operations through revenues, loans from our officers, and the issuance of equity securities. On January 25, 2025, we obtained a financial support letter from Ms. Min-Huay Cheng Lu, the estate of Mr. Yin-Chieh Cheng, our former President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and principal stockholder.
The Company anticipates that its primary source of liquidity over the next twelve months will be capital raised through financing activities. We currently expect to raise approximately $40 million through a combination of equity issuance, a leveraged buyout transaction, and debt financing. These funds are intended to support our capital-intensive strategic initiatives, including business combinations and acquisitions aligned with our long-term growth strategy.
On the cash outflow side, we expect to utilize approximately $5.9 million to support operating activities over the next twelve months. This includes an estimated $5.0 million allocated to operating costs related to our fish business, $0.7 million for general and administrative expenses, and $0.2 million for marketing and promotional efforts associated with our e-commerce platform. In addition to operating needs, we plan to allocate approximately $30 million toward capital expenditures, primarily for business combination and acquisition transactions. These planned investments are considered critical to the Company’s growth objectives and are expected to be financed through the aforementioned capital raising efforts.
Management believes that the anticipated financing arrangements will provide sufficient liquidity to meet our obligations as they come due and to fund the Company’s ongoing and planned strategic initiatives over the next twelve months.
· On April 1, 2021, we entered in a securities purchase agreement with certain investors for an aggregate of 80,000 shares of its preferred stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. As part of the transaction, the investors received one Class C warrant and one Class D warrant for the subscription of each preferred share. Each Class C warrant consist of the right to purchase up one share of common stock to at an exercise price of $3.75 per share exercisable for 36 months from the date of issuance. Each Class D warrants consist of the right to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share exercisable for 36 months from the date of issuance. The subscription was completed on August 10, 2021
· In August 2021, we issued 80,000 shares of preferred shares of $0.001 each at an issue price of $2.50 per share to certain investors credited as fully paid.
· On September 27, 2021, we entered into securities purchase agreements with investors, pursuant to which we issued in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 32,000 shares of our common stock at a per share purchase price of $3.75. In addition, the investors also received one Class C Warrant and one Class D Warrant for the subscription of each preferred share. On December 31, 2021, we consummated a private offering of 278,667 units at a purchase price of $7.50 per unit to 28 investors for gross proceeds of $2,090,000. Each unit consisted of one share of the Company’s common stock and an “equity kicker” of one share of our common stock, for a total of 557,334 shares of common stock.
· On August 10, 2022, our Registration Statement relating to the Public Offering was declared effective by the SEC. The Public Offering consisted of 1,880,000 units at a public offering price of $3.50 per unit, with each unit consisting of (i) one (1) share of our common stock and (ii) a warrant to purchase two (2) shares of our common stock. We received total gross proceeds of $6.58 million from the Public Offering and after deducting the underwriting commissions, discounts and offering expenses, we received net proceeds of approximately $5.3 million. On August 11, 2022, the shares of our common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “NCRA.” The Shares and the Warrants comprising the units were immediately separable and issued separately in the Public Offering, which closed on August 15, 2022. In connection with the Public Offering and pursuant to the underwriting agreement between the underwriters named therein and us, we granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to 282,000 additional shares of our common stock and warrants, equivalent to 15% of the units sold in the Public Offering, at the public offering price of $3.50 per unit, less underwriting discounts and commissions, to cover over-allotments, if any. On September 23, 2022, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 282,000 warrants from us for gross proceeds of $2,820. The warrants were issued to the underwriters on September 26, 2022.
The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flows for the periods indicated:
For the years ended December 31,
Net cash used in operating activities $ (1,574,709 ) $ (1,084,595 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 211,801 (1,057,870 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 597,053 449,898
Effect of the exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents 20,435 16,074
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents $ (745,420 ) $ (1,676,493 )
Net cash used in operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities amounted to $ 1,574,709 for the year ended December 31, 2024. This reflected a net loss of $2,393,803, as adjusted for non-cash items primarily including depreciation of $126,501, share-based compensation of $60,831, goodwill impairment of $1,159,172.
Net cash used in operating activities amounted to $1,084,595 for the year ended December 31, 2023. This reflected a net loss of $4,159,354, as adjusted for non-cash items primarily including depreciation of $171,312 and share-based compensation of $163,621, and Consultancy services settled by equities of $657,900.
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $211,801 for the year ended December 31, 2024, which were primarily attributable to the available-for-sale financial assets.
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,057,870 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which were primarily attributable to the purchase of property.
Net cash provided by financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $597,053 for the year ended December 31, 2024, which were primarily arising from proceeds from issuance of common stock and other borrowings during the year.
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $463,533 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which were primarily arising from proceeds from issuance of common stock during the year.
Since we plan to build our land-based fish farming demo sites in the U.S., Japan and Thailand to promote our fish farming systems to the global market, we expect that we will require additional capital, which includes construction costs, marketing costs, operation costs, etc., to meet our long-term operating requirements. We expect to obtain financing from stockholders or raise additional capital through, among other things, the sale of equity or debt securities. The stockholders are committed to provide additional financing required when we try to raise additional capital from third party investors or banks. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising this additional capital.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Please refer to the Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herewith.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a “smaller reporting company,” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to provide the information in this Item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and supplementary financial information required by this Item are set forth immediately following the signature page and are incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
On October 16, 2024, Centurion ZD CPA & Co. (“CZD”) resigned as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. CZD’s audit reports on the Company’s financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles, except that such audit reports included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
During the Company’s two most recent fiscal years and the subsequent interim period through October 16, 2024, there were no disagreements with CZD on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which, if not resolved to the satisfaction of CZD, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement(s) in connection with its report.
Item 304(a)(3) of Regulation S-K, the Company provided CZD with a copy of this disclosure and requested that CZD furnish a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether it agrees with the statements made herein. A copy of CZD’s response letter is filed as Exhibit 16.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
On October 16, 2024, the Audit Committee of the Company approved, and the Board of Directors ratified, the appointment of Enrome LLP (the “New Auditor”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, effective as of the same date.
During the Company’s two most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023, and the subsequent interim period through October 16, 2024, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf consulted with the New Auditor regarding:
· (i)(a) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or (b) the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided by the New Auditor that was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision on any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or
· (ii) any matter that was the subject of a disagreement or a reportable event (as those terms are defined in Item 304(a)(1) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions).

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer performed an evaluation (the “Evaluation”) of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide a reasonable level of assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weaknesses described below, including, without limitation, the decisions that led to the restatement of our unaudited interim financial statements for the quarters ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2024.
Even though management has initiated remediation efforts, material weaknesses remain, and we cannot provide assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will detect or prevent all material errors or omissions. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting for our Company. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
· Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
· Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
· Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failure. Internal control over financial reporting can also be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s Internal Control-Integrated Framework. As a result of this assessment, we have determined that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024. We had neither the resources, nor the personnel, to provide an adequate control environment. The following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting continued to exist at December 31, 2024:
· we do not have written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures. Written documentation of key internal controls over financial reporting is a requirement of Section 404;
· there is insufficient monitoring and review controls over the financial reporting closing process, including the lack of individuals with current knowledge of GAAP; and
· inadequate segregation of duties.
· delays depositing cash proceeds from operations into bank accounts, instead storing significant amounts of cash in a physical safebox throughout the year, with deposits typically made only at year-end. This practice results in insufficient periodic verification and oversight of cash balances, increasing the risk of misappropriation or loss; and
· infrequent or insufficient verification of the physical safe box used to store cash, which represents a weakness in the safeguarding of cash assets and the effectiveness of controls over cash management.
We believe that these material weaknesses primarily relate, in part, to our lack of sufficient staff with appropriate training in GAAP and SEC rules and regulations with respect to financial reporting functions, and the lack of robust accounting systems, as well as the lack of sufficient resources to hire such staff and implement these accounting systems.
Pending obtaining sufficient resources to implement these measures, we plan to take a number of actions to correct these material weaknesses, including, but not limited to, adding experienced accounting and financial personnel and retaining third-party consultants to review our internal controls and recommend improvements. However, we may need to take additional measures to fully mitigate these issues, and the measures we have taken, and expect to take, to improve our internal controls may not be sufficient to (1) address the issues identified, (2) ensure that our internal controls are effective or (3) ensure that the identified material weakness or other material weaknesses will not result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements.
It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that the objectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of certain events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.
Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Our management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act that permanently exempted smaller reporting companies from the auditor attestation requirement.
Remediation Plan
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we continued to enhance our internal control over financial reporting in an effort to remediate the material weaknesses described above. We are committed to ensuring that our internal control over financial reporting is designed and operating effectively.
We expect to remediate these material weaknesses in 2025. However, we may discover additional material weaknesses that may require additional time and resources to remediate. Our remediation process includes, but not limited to:
· Investing in IT systems to enhance our operational and financial reporting and internal controls.
· Enhancing the organizational structure to support financial reporting processes and internal controls.
· Providing guidance, education and training to employees relating to our accounting policies and procedures.
· Further developing and documenting detailed policies and procedures regarding business processes for significant accounts, critical accounting policies and critical accounting estimates.
· Establishing effective general controls over IT systems to ensure that information produced can be relied upon by process level controls is relevant and reliable.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover all failures of persons within our Company and our consolidated subsidiaries to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we took several actions to correct past material weaknesses, including, but not limited to, adding experienced accounting and financial personnel and retaining third-party consultants to review our internal controls and recommend improvements. However, we may need to take additional measures to fully mitigate these issues, and the measures we have taken, and expect to take, to improve our internal controls may not be sufficient to (1) address the issues identified, (2) ensure that our internal controls are effective or (3) ensure that the identified material weakness or other material weaknesses will not result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following are our executive officers and directors and their respective ages and positions as of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Name
Age
Position
Director Since
Andy Ching-An Jin
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
July 31, 2023
Shun-Chih (“Jimmy”) Chuang
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
-
Feng-Hua (“Howard”) Chen
Chief Operating Officer
January 4, 2024
Gerald H. Lindberg
Secretary, Director
December 31, 2021
Sean Filson
Director
October 16, 2024
Hui-Ying Zhuang
Director
December 19, 2019
Yiwen Zhang
Director
October 27, 2023
Song-Yuan Teng
Director
October 27, 2023
Professional Backgrounds
Andy Ching-An Jin was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on July 31, 2023. Mr. Jin was an Investment Director at Fotex Holding from November 2018 until June 2023, where he executed and drove U.S. investments, strategic projects, portfolio management and business operations. Prior to that role, Mr. Jin served as Partner at Bloemengroothandel B.J. Duyvenvoorde & Zn B.V. from September 2017 until October 2018, where he managed all day-to-day operations, sales, developments and investments for an import floriculture company, sold subscription services to online boutiques and managed all major wholesale floriculture market operations in China. In addition, Mr. Jin served as Executive Vice President and Managing Director of Dagong Global Credit Rating Group from December 2015 until August 2017, where he oversaw the group’s international business development and investments into overseas markets and was also responsible for overseas offices located in Hong Kong, Italy and Germany. He attended the State University of New York at Stony Brook attaining a Bachelor of Arts in political science and Tsinghua University earning a Master of Business Administration.
Shun-Chih (“Jimmy”) Chuang was appointed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company on October 28, 2019. Prior to that role, from October 1, 2016 to June 30, 2019, Mr. Chuang was a project manager at Deloitte & Touche Financial Advisory Corporation in Taiwan where he was part of the Transaction Support practice. In that role, he worked in Mergers and Acquisitions and Valuation services. Prior to that role, from September 2014 to September 2016, Mr. Chuang was a semi-senior at Deloitte & Touche in Taiwan where he was part of the Audit Function practice. In that role, he performed audit services to various Taiwanese conglomerate companies. Mr. Chuang has a marketing degree from UC-Berkeley Extension, and a BS in Accounting from Soochow University, Taiwan. He currently holds Certified Public Accounting licenses from the United States and Taiwan.
Feng-Hua (“Howard”) Chen was appointed as Chief Operating Officer of the Company on January 5, 2024. Mr. Chen is experienced in diverse areas such as Consumer Banking, Asia Business Development and New Strategies, demonstrating strong skills in team building, project management, compliance and cross-sales, with a focus on continuous improvement and business expansion. Mr. Chen was an Executive Director at Rongzhou Construction Co., Ltd. From September 2021 until January 2024, where he, among other things, was involved in the planning and financing of construction projects, the planning and acquisition of land and the execution of sales. Prior to that position, he was a Vice President at Entie Commercial Bank Co. from 2008-2021, Asia Pacific Regional Business Development Director at CIT Group Taiwan from 2005-2008, Sales Director at Taipei Financial & Leasing Co. from 2004-2005, and a Sales Manager at Far Eastern Group from 2000-2004. He attended the University of Leicester earning an MBA degree in 1989.
Gerald H. Lindberg was appointed as Secretary and Director of the Company on December 31, 2021. In the past five years, working for Handover International, Mr. Lindberg has provided substantial expertise and guidance as a consultant, has served as a board member and Chief Financial Officer of publicly traded companies, business adviser, capital acquisition director and operations officer to real world and Internet start-ups and helped raise capital for start-ups, small cap, micro-cap and nano-cap businesses in both the public and private sectors. Earlier in his career, he was Section Chief, Litigation Assistance Systems Section, Justice Management Division, United States Department of Justice and an attorney-advisor with the United States Department of Justice (1979-1982). Over the past 25 years, he has been responsible for business plan preparation, early stage advising for corporate development and positioning for capital raising including crowd funding, private placement memoranda, investor presentation development, equity, debt and hybrid funding, form preparation and filing, offering syndicate coordination, sales/marketing strategy along with investment community relations and investor relations, business development, licensing management and assuring compliance with federal and state regulations and fraud prevention software development. His areas of specialty include technology and intellectual property management, digital entertainment, media and marketing, e-Commerce, m-Commerce and search engine design, database systems software design and development. Mr. Lindberg earned his law degree from Western New England University, School of Law, Springfield, MA. Mr. Lindberg is qualified to serve as a director of the Company due to his substantial board and financial consulting experience.
Sean Filson was appointed as Director of the Company on October 16, 2024. Mr. Filson is a seasoned business development leader with expertise in market strategy, brand development, finance and global partnerships. Mr. Filson is currently Co-Founder, Board Member, and Chief Financial Officer of MedicalMatch Corporation (2023-present), a technology-driven healthcare staffing platform, where he oversees financial strategy and capital planning. Previously, he founded SNP Medical Holdings, LLC (2021-present), guiding it to a $1.25 billion valuation through innovative non-surgical joint pain treatments. He also served as Vice Chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce, Tianjin, China (2014-2020), where he promoted U.S.-China business relations, achieving record chapter funding. Earlier, as APAC Business Development Manager for Taylor Corporation (2013-2019), Mr. Filson drove significant revenue growth, managing key accounts like Thermo Fisher and GE. He holds an MBA in International Finance & International Business from Oklahoma City University and Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, a B.A. in Entrepreneurship from the University of St. Thomas, and a degree in Chinese Language and Cultural Studies from Nankai University, China. Fluent in Mandarin, Mr. Filson’s expertise in financial management and cross-cultural business development makes him well-qualified to serve as a director of the Company.
Hui-Ying Zhuang was appointed as a Director of the Company on December 19, 2019. Mr. Zhuang works as Vice President of Sales at Clyde Bergemann Power Group (2018-current) with experience in technology and sales management, especially in solution-based consultative selling. Other positions he has held at Clyde Bergemann Power Group include Vice President, Product and Sales Support, Air Pollution Control Products (2013-2018), Director of Technology and Product Management, Air Pollution Control Product Division (2012-2013), Regional Sales Manager from 2006-2012 and a Boiler Process Engineer from 2004-2006. He is experienced in product management, sales, plant operations and contract negotiation. Mr. Zhuang has leadership experience in building and developing management teams and extensive international business working experience. He attended the University of South Carolina earning an MBA in 2005. Mr. Zhuang is qualified to serve as a director of the Company due to his technical experience in power generation and ability in Sales and Marketing functions.
Yiwen Zhang was appointed as a Director of the Company on October 27, 2023. Mr. Zhang currently works as Manager of Finance, Marketing and Student Support at New Westminster School District 40 since 2012, where he is responsible for financial reporting, budget planning, internal controls, audits, financial system management and compliance. Prior to that role, from 2009 until 2011, Mr. Zhang served as Business Development Manager at ZiYangTang Trading where he developed two business lines and increased sales by 2 million. Prior to that, Mr. Zhang was Account Manager at HILTI (Canada) Ltd where he set up the Richmond branch and doubled sales and developed revenue budgeting models for key business expansion. Mr. Zhang is qualified to serve as a director of the Company due to his extensive experience as a manager in a variety of organizations.
Song-Yuan Teng was appointed as a Director of the Company on October 27, 2023. Mr. Teng serves as Chief Executive Officer of G.MCOIN Enterprises since 2021, where he oversees the strategic planning and annual growth objectives. Prior to that role, from 2017 until 2020, Mr. Teng served as the General Manager of Mingyang Venture Capital, where he was responsible for overseeing the overall management and strategic direction of the organization while driving growth and maximizing shareholder value. Prior to that, he was a Manager at Jinrongjia Consulting from 2015 until 2017, where he worked on financial and automated trading systems while supporting sales and solution managers. Prior to that, Mr. Teng was the General Manager at CFL Venture Capital from 2012 until 2014, where he developed and executed the firm’s strategic investments. Mr. Teng is qualified to serve as a director of the Company due to his executive experience in multiple consulting and banking firms.
Board of Directors
Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our Board and committees of the Board. Directors serve until the next annual meeting and until their successors are elected and qualified. Officers are appointed to serve until serve at the pleasure of the Board, subject to all rights, if any, of such officer under any contract of employment.
Board Committees
Our Board has established an audit committee (the “Audit Committee”), a compensation committee (the “Compensation Committee”) and a nominating and corporate governance committee (the “Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee”). Our Board has not yet adopted procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Board. The composition and responsibilities of each of the committees of our Board is described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until as otherwise determined by our Board.
Audit Committee
Our Board has appointed Yiwen Zhang, Sean Filson and Hui-Ying Zhuang to serve as members of our Audit Committee. Each member of the Audit Committee is an independent director as established by SEC and Nasdaq rules, and Yiwen Zhang, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under the SEC rules.
The Audit Committee’s duties, which are specified in our Audit Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:
· reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor the annual audited financial statements, and recommending to the Board whether the audited financial statements should be included in our annual disclosure report;
· discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of our financial statements;
· discussing with management major risk assessment and risk management policies;
· monitoring the independence of the independent auditor;
· verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law;
· reviewing and approving all related-party transactions;
· inquiring and discussing with management our compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
· pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms of the services to be performed;
· appointing or replacing the independent auditor;
· determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work;
· establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or reports which raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies; and
· approving reimbursement of expenses incurred by our management team in identifying potential target businesses.
Compensation Committee
Our Board has established a Compensation Committee. Sean Filson and Hui-Ying Zhuang, each of whom is an independent director, serves as members of the Compensation Committee with Sean Filson, serving as the Compensation Committee’s Chairman. The Compensation Committee’s duties, which are specified in our Compensation Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:
· reviews, approves and determines, or makes recommendations to our Board regarding, the compensation of our executive officers;
· administers our equity compensation plans;
· reviews and approves, or makes recommendations to our Board, regarding incentive compensation and equity compensation plans; and
· establishes and reviews general policies relating to compensation and benefits of our employees.
The Compensation Committee charter permits the committee to retain or receive advice from a compensation consultant and outlines certain requirements to ensure the consultants independence or certain circumstances under which the consultant need not be independent. However, as of the date hereof, we have not retained such a consultant.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Our Board has established a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of which Yiwen Zhang and Hui-Ying Zhuang serve as members with Hui-Ying Zhuang also serving as the Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee’s duties, which are specified in its charter, include, but are not limited to:
· identifying, reviewing and evaluating candidates to serve on our Board consistent with criteria approved by our Board;
· evaluating director performance on our Board and applicable committees of our Board and determining whether continued service on our Board is appropriate;
· evaluating nominations by stockholders of candidates for election to our Board; and
· corporate governance matters.
Section 16(a) Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that executive officers and directors, and any persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Specific dates for such filings have been established by the SEC, and the Company is required to report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K any failure to file reports in a timely manner in 2022. The following failed to file a Form 3 after the Company listed its common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: (i) Hsien-Wen (Stan) Yu, Chief Operating Officer (resigned); (ii) Gerald H. Lindberg, Secretary, Director; (iii) David Yu-Lung Kou, Director (resigned); (iv) Thomas A. Steele (former Director); and (v) Hui-Ying Zhuang, Director. On August 31, 2022, Mr. Yu resigned as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company. On September 1, 2022, the Board appointed Mr. Hong-Wen (Howard) Ruan as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company. A Form 3 for Mr. Ruan was not filed. On July 13, 2023, David Yu-Lung Kou resigned as a Director. On July 13, 2023, Ms. Cheng Lu Min Huay and Ms. Yih-Yu Lei were appointed as Directors. Forms 3 were not filed for Ms. Huay and Ms. Lei. Ms. Huay and Ms. Lei resigned as Directors on July 27, 2023. On October 27, 2023, the Board appointed Mr. Yiwen Zhang and Mr. Song-Yuan Teng as Directors. Forms 3 for Mr. Zhang and Mr. Teng were not filed. On October 16, 2024, Thomas A. Steele resigned from his position as Director on October 16, 2024 and was replaced by Sean Filson. A Form 3 for Mr. Filson was not filed.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers or directors.
Code of Ethics
Our Board adopted a written code of ethics (“Code”) that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. We intend to post on our website a current copy of the Code and all disclosures that are required by law in regard to any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code.
Director Independence
Our Board is composed of a majority of “independent directors.” In determining whether a director is independent, we use the definition of “independence” applied by Nasdaq under Nasdaq Rule 5601(a)(2) and the SEC under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. Our Board has undertaken a review of the independence of each director. Based on information provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, our Board has determined that Yiwen Zhang, Sean Filson and Hui-Ying Zhuang are independent directors.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
Except as disclosed below, to our knowledge, none of our current directors or executive officers has, during the past ten (10) years:
· been convicted in a criminal proceeding or been subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);
· had any bankruptcy petition filed by or against the business or property of the person, or of any partnership, corporation or business association of which he was a general partner or executive officer, either at the time of the bankruptcy filing or within two (2) years prior to that time;
· been subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction or federal or state authority, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting, his or her involvement in any type of business, securities, futures, commodities, investment, banking, savings and loan, or insurance activities, or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;
· been found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;
· been the subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated (not including any settlement of a civil proceeding among private litigants), relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
· been the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, any of our officers or directors, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was or has agreed to serve at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or while serving as a director or officer of the Company, is or was serving or has agreed to serve at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent (which, for purposes hereof, shall include a trustee, partner or manager or similar capacity) of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing indemnification obligation includes, without limitation, claims for monetary damages against Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted under Section 78.7502 of the Nevada Revised Statutes as in existence on the date hereof.
The indemnification provided shall be from and against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the indemnitee or on the indemnitee’s behalf in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, but shall only be provided if the indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to our best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action, suit or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful.
In the case of any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or while serving as a director or officer of the Company, is or was serving or has agreed to serve at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the indemnitee shall have been adjudged to be liable to us unless, and only to the extent that, the Nevada courts or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Nevada courts or such other court shall deem proper.
The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that he or she did not act in good faith and in a manner which Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to our best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that the indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful.
To the extent that indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. If a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of our Company in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by any of our directors, officers or controlling persons in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of that issue.
Insider Trading Policy
All officers, directors and employees of, and consultants and contractors to, us or any of our subsidiaries are subject to our Insider Trading Policy. The Insider Trading Policy prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of any nonpublic information acquired in the workplace and the misuse of material nonpublic information in the trading of our securities. To ensure compliance with the Insider Trading Policy and applicable federal and state securities laws, all officers, directors and employees of, and consultants and contractors to, us or any of our subsidiaries must refrain from the sale or purchase of our securities except in specific designated trading windows or pursuant to 10b5-1 trading plans that were preapproved. Even during a trading window period, certain insiders, including our named executive officers and directors, must comply with our designated pre-clearance policy prior to trading in our securities. On March 30, 2025, we adopted the Insider Trading Policy and have not adopted any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements for any officers or directors.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table
The following table summarizes all cash compensation paid by us, as well as certain other compensation paid or accrued, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 for all individuals serving as our principal executive officer or acting in a similar capacity during the last completed fiscal year, regardless of compensation level, and two most highly compensated executive officers other than the principal executive officer who were serving as executive officers at the end of the last completed fiscal year.
Name and Principal Position Fiscal Year Salary
($) Equity Awards
($)(1)
Total
($)
Yin-Chieh (“Jeff”) Cheng(2) - - -
Former Chairman of the Board, Former President, Former CEO and Former Director - 1,901,806 1,901,806
David Yu-Lung Kou(3) - - -
Former Acting Chief Executive Officer and Former Director - - -
Andy Ching-An Jin(4) 32,820 158,436 194,436
Chief Executive Officer 11,179 (5) 106,800 (5) 121,800 (5)
Shun-Chih Chuang 72,000 - 72,000
Chief Financial Officer 72,000 - 72,000
Feng-Hua Chen - - -
Chief Operation Officer - - -
Song-Yuan Teng 21,000 - 21,000
Director - - -
(1) The amounts shown represent the aggregate grant date fair value of these warrant awards granted during each fiscal year shown, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.
(2) Pursuant to the Cheng Consulting Agreement, dated December 27, 2018, we agreed to issue Mr. Cheng 250,000 Series A warrants per quarter for 20 quarters (i.e., 5 years) for a total amount of 5,000,000 Series A warrants, subject to his continued services as our Chairman of the Board. Each Series A warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of common stock for $0.50 per share from the date of vesting until April 23, 2026. The value of the awards granted for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1,901,806 and $11,053,267, respectively, using the Black Scholes methodology. Due to the 2-for-3 reverse stock split of our common stock, the amount of shares issuable upon the unexercised warrants was adjusted to 2,000,000 and the exercise price was adjusted to $0.75 per share. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024, none of the Series A warrants were outstanding.
(3) Due to the passing of Yin-Chieh (“Jeff”) Cheng, the Board appointed David Yu-Lung Kou as acting Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective July 13, 2023. Mr. Kou resigned on July 27, 2023.
(4) On July 31, 2023, the Board appointed Andy Ching-An Jin as Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective July 31, 2023.
(5) Andy Ching-An Jin is paid a salary of $36,000 per year as Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
Employment Agreements
Chuang Employment Agreement. We entered into an Employment Agreement dated as of August 16, 2019, as amended by that certain Addendum dated as of December 31, 2021, with Shun-Chih Chuang, our Chief Financial Officer (the “Chuang Employment Agreement”). The term of the Chuang Employment Agreement is for 5 years and at the end of such term, is automatically renewable on a month-to-month basis unless either party provides notice to terminate to the other within 30 days of the end of the term. During the term and one year after the end of the term, Mr. Chuang shall not solicit any person employed or engaged by the Company. Mr. Chuang’s employment may be terminated by us immediately upon the occurrence of the following events: (i) the commission of any act by Mr. Chuang which, if prosecuted, would constitute a felony; (ii) any material act or omission involving malfeasance or negligence in the performance of employment duties which has a materially adverse effect on us and which has not been corrected in 30 days after written notice from us; (iii) failure or refusal by Mr. Chuang to comply with our policies contained in any Company handbook or with the provisions of the Chuang Employment Agreement if not cured within 10 days after the receipt of written notice from the Board; (iv) Mr. Chuang’s prolonged absence without our consent; (v) Mr. Chuang’s gross neglect of his duties or willful insubordination to the Board or his superior officers; (vi) the death of Mr. Chuang; or (vii) delivery of written notice of termination by us after Mr. Chuang has become unable to perform his services by reason of illness or incapacity, which illness or incapacity results in Mr. Chuang’s failure to discharge his duties under the Chuang Employment Agreement for an aggregate total of 60 days (whether consecutive or nonconsecutive) during any 180 day period. We pay Mr. Chuang $54,000 per year.
Lindberg Employment Agreement. We entered into an Employment Agreement dated as of January 3, 2022, with Gerald H. Lindberg, our Secretary and Director (the “Lindberg Employment Agreement”). The term of the Lindberg Employment Agreement is for two years and at the end of such term, is automatically renewable on a month-to-month basis unless either party provides notice to terminate to the other within 30 days of the end of the term. During the term and one year after the end of the term, Mr. Lindberg shall not solicit any person employed or engaged by the Company. Mr. Lindberg’s employment may be terminated by us immediately upon the occurrence of the following events: (i) the commission of any act by Mr. Lindberg which, if prosecuted, would constitute a felony; (ii) any material act or omission involving malfeasance or negligence in the performance of employment duties which has a materially adverse effect on us and which has not been corrected in 30 days after written notice from us; (iii) failure or refusal by Mr. Lindberg to comply with our policies contained in any Company handbook or with the provisions of the Lindberg Employment Agreement if not cured within 10 days after the receipt of written notice from the Board; (iv) Mr. Lindberg’s prolonged absence without our consent; (v) Mr. Lindberg’s gross neglect of his duties or willful insubordination to the Board or his superior officers; (vi) the death of Mr. Lindberg; or (vii) delivery of written notice of termination by us after Mr. Lindberg has become unable to perform his services by reason of illness or incapacity, which illness or incapacity results in Mr. Lindberg’s failure to discharge his duties under the Lindberg Employment Agreement for an aggregate total of 60 days (whether consecutive or nonconsecutive) during any 180 day period. We also granted Mr. Lindberg 60,000 Class C Warrants consisting of the right to purchase a total of 40,000 shares of our common stock for $3.75 per share from the date of issuance, of which 20,000 Class C Warrants shall vest annually over a total period of three years.
Jin Employment Agreement. We entered into an Employment Agreement dated as of July 31, 2023 (the “Jin Employment Agreement”). The term of the Jin Employment Agreement is for two years and at the end of such term, is automatically renewable on a month-to-month basis unless either party provides notice to terminate to the other within 30 days of the end of the term. During the term and one year after the end of the term, Mr. Jin shall not solicit any person employed or engaged by the Company. Mr. Jin’s employment may be terminated by the Company immediately upon the occurrence of the following events: (i) the commission of any act by Mr. Jin which, if prosecuted, would constitute a felony; (ii) any material act or omission involving malfeasance or negligence in the performance of employment duties which has a materially adverse effect on the Company and which has not been corrected in 30 days after written notice from the Company; (iii) failure or refusal by Mr. Jin to comply with the policies of the Company contained in any Company handbook or with the provisions of the Jin Employment Agreement if not cured within 10 days after the receipt of written notice from the Board; (iv) Mr. Jin’s prolonged absence without the consent of the Company; (v) Mr. Jin’s gross neglect of his duties or willful insubordination to the Board or his superior officers; (vi) the death of Mr. Jin; or (vii) delivery of written notice of termination by the Company after Mr. Jin has become unable to perform his services by reason of illness or incapacity, which illness or incapacity results in Mr. Jin’s failure to discharge his duties under the Jin Employment Agreement for an aggregate total of 60 days (whether consecutive or nonconsecutive) during any 180 day period. The Company pays Mr. Jin $36,000 per year and issued Mr. Jin a total of 240,000 shares of restricted stock, of which 60,000 shares shall vest at the end of every three months for a period of one year starting from July 31, 2023, with 60,000 shares to initially vest on October 31, 2023.
Chen Employment Agreement. We entered into an Employment Agreement dated as of January 5, 2024 (the “Chen Employment Agreement”). The term of the Chen Employment Agreement is for two years and at the end of such term, is automatically renewable on a month-to-month basis unless either party provides notice to terminate to the other within 30 days of the end of the term. During the term and one year after the end of the term, Mr. Chen shall not solicit any person employed or engaged by the Company. Mr. Chen’s employment may be terminated by the Company immediately upon the occurrence of the following events: (i) the commission of any act by Mr. Chen which, if prosecuted, would constitute a felony; (ii) any material act or omission involving malfeasance or negligence in the performance of employment duties which has a materially adverse effect on the Company and which has not been corrected in 30 days after written notice from the Company; (iii) failure or refusal by Mr. Chen to comply with the policies of the Company contained in any Company handbook or with the provisions of the Chen Employment Agreement if not cured within 10 days after the receipt of written notice from the Board; (iv) Mr. Chen’s prolonged absence without the consent of the Company; (v) Mr. Chen’s gross neglect of his duties or willful insubordination to the Board or his superior officers; (vi) the death of Mr. Chen; or (vii) delivery of written notice of termination by the Company after Mr. Chen has become unable to perform his services by reason of illness or incapacity, which illness or incapacity results in Mr. Chen’s failure to discharge his duties under the Chen Employment Agreement for an aggregate total of 60 days (whether consecutive or nonconsecutive) during any 180 day period. The Company pays Mr. Chen $20,000 per year and issued Mr. Chen a total of 100,000 Class B Warrants, each having the right to purchase one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company at $1.50 per share, of which shall vest biannually in equal installments for a period of two years.
Clawback Policy
On November 29, 2023, our Board adopted an executive compensation recoupment policy consistent with the requirements of the Exchange Act Rule 10D-1 and the Nasdaq listing standards thereunder, to help ensure that incentive compensation is paid based on accurate financial and operating data, and the correct calculation of performance against incentive targets. Our policy addresses recoupment of amounts from performance-based awards paid to all corporate officers, including awards under our equity incentive plans, in the event of a financial restatement to the extent that the payout for such awards would have been less, or in the event of fraud, or intentional, willful or gross misconduct that contributed to the need for a financial restatement.
Director Compensation
Our directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred by them in connection with attending Board meetings. However, our directors, do not receive any other compensation for serving on the Board.
Outstanding Equity Awards
As of December 31, 2024, there are no equity awards held by the named executive officers.
Severance and Change in Control Benefits
None of the employment agreements with our named executive officers provide severance benefits; however, the Cheng Consulting Agreement does provide certain change in control-related benefits to our principal executive officer, including vesting acceleration upon the occurrence of certain defined events.
Other Benefits
We provide vacation and other paid holidays to all employees, including our executive officers, which are comparable to those provided at peer companies. When offered, our executive officers will be eligible to participate in all of our employee benefit plans, such as medical, dental, vision, group life, disability and accidental death and dismemberment insurance, our Equity Incentive Plan and our 401(k) plan, in each case on the same basis as other employees, subject to applicable law, should such benefits exist. At this time, we do not provide special benefits or other perquisites to our executive officers.
The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan
In 2018, the Board and stockholders adopted Nocera, Inc.’s 2018 Stock Option and Award Incentive Plan, effective December 31, 2018. The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of the following types of stock awards: (i) incentive stock options, (ii) non-statutory stock options, and (iii) stock purchase rights. The 2018 Plan is intended to help us secure and retain the services of eligible award recipients, provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for our success and any affiliate and provide a means by which the eligible recipients may benefit from increases in value of the common stock. The 2018 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The Board reserved 6,666,667 (post-split) shares of common stock under the 2018 Plan. No awards have been granted to any of our officers or directors pursuant to the 2018 Plan. As of December 31, 2024, a total of 5,956,667 shares of common stock are available for future issuance pursuant to the 2018 Plan.
Indemnification
We shall indemnify any and all of our directors, officers, former directors, former officers and any person who may have served at its request as a director or officer of another company in which it owns shares or of which it is a creditor, who were or are made a party or are threatened to be made a party to or are involved in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or investigative (each a “Proceeding”), or any appeal in such a Proceeding or any inquiry or investigation that could lead to such a Proceeding, against any and all liabilities, damages, reasonable and documented expenses (including reasonably incurred and substantiated attorneys’ fees), financial effects of judgments, fines, penalties (including excise and similar taxes and punitive damages) and amounts paid in settlement in connection with such Proceeding by any of them. Such indemnification shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled otherwise.
To the extent that indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling our Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. If a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of our company in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by any of our directors, officers or controlling persons in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of that issue.
Policies and Practices for Granting Certain Equity Awards
Our policies and practices regarding the granting of equity awards are carefully designed to ensure compliance with applicable securities laws and to maintain the integrity of our executive compensation program. The Compensation Committee is responsible for the timing and terms of equity awards to executives and other eligible employees.
The timing of equity award grants is determined with consideration to a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the achievement of pre-established performance targets, market conditions and internal milestones. The Company does not follow a predetermined schedule for the granting of equity awards; instead, each grant is considered on a case-by-case basis to align with the Company’s strategic objectives and to ensure the competitiveness of our compensation packages.
In determining the timing and terms of an equity award, the Board or the Compensation Committee may consider material nonpublic information to ensure that such grants are made in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The Board’s or the Compensation Committee’s procedures to prevent the improper use of material nonpublic information in connection with the granting of equity awards include oversight by legal counsel and, where appropriate, delaying the grant of equity awards until the public disclosure of such material nonpublic information.
The Company is committed to maintaining transparency in its executive compensation practices and to making equity awards in a manner that is not influenced by the timing of the disclosure of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of executive compensation. The Company regularly reviews its policies and practices related to equity awards to ensure they meet the evolving standards of corporate governance and continue to serve the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth certain information, as of December 31, 2024 with respect to the holdings of (1) each person who is the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our voting stock, (2) each of our directors, (3) each executive officer and (4) all of our current directors and executive officers as a group.
Beneficial ownership of the voting stock is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes any shares of company voting stock over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investment power, or of which a person has a right to acquire ownership at any time within 60 days of April 1, 2025. Except as otherwise indicated, we believe that the persons named in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of voting stock held by them. Applicable percentage ownership in the following table is based on 14,247,539 shares of common stock issued and outstanding on April 1, 2025, plus, for each individual, any securities that individual has the right to acquire within 60 days of April 1, 2025.
To the best of our knowledge, except as otherwise indicated, each of the persons named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such person, except to the extent such power may be shared with a spouse. To our knowledge, none of the shares listed below are held under a voting trust or similar agreement, except as noted. To our knowledge, there is no arrangement, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.
Name and Address
of Beneficial Owner (1) Title Beneficially
owned Percentage of
Outstanding
Shares of
Common Stock (2)
Officers and Directors
Andy Chin-An Jin Chief Executive Officer 240,000 (3) 1.6%
Shun-Chih (“Jimmy”) Chuang Chief Financial Officer 520,001 (4) 3.6%
Feng-Hua (“Howard”) Chen Chief Operating Officer - -
Gerald H. Lindberg Secretary, Director - -
David Yu-Lung Kou Director - -
Sean Filson Director - -
Officers and Directors as a Group (total of 7 persons)
740,001 5.2%
5% Stockholders
Marina S. Fiorino
695,734 (5) 4.8%
Min-Huay Cheng Lu
876,151 (6) 6.1%
Han-Chieh Shih
1,320,000 (7) 9.2%
Erik Nelson
646,553 (8) 4.5%
Yin-Chieh Cheng
4,586,083 (9) 32.1%
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, the principal address of the named officers and directors c/o Nocera, Inc., 3F (Building B), No. 185, Sec. 1, Datong Rd., Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan.
(2) Based on 14,147,539 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of April 1, 2025. Any shares of common stock not outstanding which are issuable upon the exercise or conversion of other securities held by a person within the next 60 days are considered to be outstanding when computing such person’s ownership percentage of common stock but are not when computing anyone else’s ownership percentage.
(3) This does not include 60,000 shares of restricted stock that vests on July 31, 2024 pursuant to the Jin Employment Agreement.
(4) Includes 125,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class A Warrants at a price of $0.75 per share until April 23, 2026.
(5) The address for Ms. Fiorino is 1 San Marzano sul Sarno, Italy 84010.
(6) Ms. Cheng Lu’s business address is 15F., No. 464, Sec 3, Jiayuan Rd., Shulin Dist., New Taipei City 238665, Republic of China.
(7) Includes (i) 53,334 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of 80,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Mr. Shih’s business address is 7F., No. 262, Zhong Zheng Rd., Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 22109, Republic of China.
(8) Includes (i) 333,334 shares of common stock held by Sterling Holdings, LLC, an entity of which Mr. Nelson has voting and dispositive control; (ii) 1,734 shares personally held by Mr. Nelson; and (iii) 311,485 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class A Warrants for $0.75 per share until April 23, 2026. This does not include 121,849 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class A Warrants for $0.75 per share until April 23, 2026 and 433,334 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class B Warrants for $1.50 per share until April 23, 2026 since such Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants contain blockers that prohibit the holder from exercising warrants if such exercise will result in the beneficial ownership of more than 4.99% (or if the holder elects, 9.99%) of our outstanding stock. Mr. Nelson was our former Secretary and Director and resigned on December 31, 2021. Mr. Nelson’s business address is 2030 Powers Ferry Road SE, Suite 212, Atlanta, GA 30339.
(9) Mr. Cheng is our former Chief Executive Officer, former President, former Chairman of the Board, and former director. His address is 15F., No. 464, Sec 3, Jiayuan Rd., Shulin Dist., New Taipei City 238665, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
Equity Plan Information
See Part II, Item 5 “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Control
There are no arrangements, to our knowledge, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Under Item 404 of Regulation S-K, we are required to describe any transaction, since the beginning of our 2022 fiscal year, or any currently proposed transaction, in which we were or are to be a participant and the amount involved exceeds $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years, with a related person. A related person under Item 404 of Regulation S-K includes:
1. any director or executive officer of the Company;
2. any immediate family member of a director or executive officer of the Company, which means any child, stepchild, parent, stepparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law of such director, executive officer or nominee for director, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of such director, executive officer or nominee for director; or
3. a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock at the time of the transaction or immediate family member of such stockholder.
We did not have any related party transactions reportable under Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our former independent auditor Centurion ZD CPA & Co. billed an aggregate of $113,600 and $126,500, respectively. On October 16, 2024, Centurion ZD CPA & Co. resigned as our independent public accountants.
During the year ended December 31, 2023 and from January 1, 2024 until October 16, 2024, we engaged Centurion ZD CPA & Co. as our independent registered accounting firm. On October 16, 2024, we appointed Enrome LLP to serve as our independent auditor. Our independent auditor billed an aggregate of $230,000 through December 31, 2024 for professional services rendered for the audit of our 2024 annual financial statements. We incurred fees from Centurion ZD CPA & Co. for the year ended December 31, 2023 and from January 1, 2024 until October 16, 2024 and from Enrome LLP for the year ended December 31, 2024, as discussed below:
Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
Audit Fees $ 233,600 $ 126,500
Audit-Related Fees (1) - -
Tax Fees - -
All Other Fees - -
Total $ 233,600 $ 126,500
(1) Fees incurred in conjunction with consents for various registration statements filed during the 2024 and 2023 fiscal years.
Audit fees consist of fees related to professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements. All other fees relate to professional services rendered in connection with the review of the quarterly financial statements.
Our policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services performed by the independent accountants. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. Under our Audit Committee’s policy, pre-approval is generally provided for particular services or categories of services, including planned services, project based services and routine consultations. In addition, the Audit Committee may also pre-approve particular services on a case-by-case basis. Our Audit Committee approved all services that our independent accountants provided to us in the past two fiscal years.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
1. Financial Statements: The following Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Nocera, Inc. and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in Part II, Item 8:
· Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023;
· Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023;
· Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023;
· Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023; and
· Notes to Financial Statements.
2. Exhibits:
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
Description
Previously Filed and Incorporated by Reference Herein
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant
Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2022.
3.2
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant
Filed as Exhibit 3.6 to Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2022.
3.3
Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant
Filed as Exhibit 3.7 to Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2022.
3.4
Certificate of Change of the Registrant
Filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Form 10-12G filed on October 19, 2018.
3.5
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant
Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 28, 2022.
3.6
Articles of Incorporation of GSI Acquisition Corp.
Filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Form 8-K12G3 filed on January 31, 2019.
3.7
Articles of Association of Grand Smooth Inc Limited
Filed as Exhibit 3.4 to Form 8-K12G3 filed on January 31, 2019.
3.8
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 27, 2018, by and among the Registrant, Grand Smooth Inc Limited and GSI Acquisition Corp.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2018.
3.9
Amended Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 27, 2018, and effective as of December 31, 2018, by and among the Registrant, Grand Smooth Inc Limited and GSI Acquisition Corp.
Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K12G3 filed on January 31, 2019.
3.10
Statement of Merger - GSI Acquisition Corp. and Grand Smooth Inc Limited
Filed as Exhibit 3.5 to Form 8-K12G3 filed on January 31, 2019.
4.1
Description of Nocera, Inc.’s securities registered under section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2022.
10.1†
2018 Nocera, Inc. Stock Option and Award Incentive Plan
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K12G3 filed on January 31, 2019.
10.2
Share Exchange Agreement
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K12G3 filed on January 31, 2019.
10.3†
Consulting Agreement dated as of December 27, 2018, between Nocera, Inc. and Yin-Chieh Cheng
Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K12G3 filed on January 31, 2019.
10.4
Regional Agency Cooperation Agreement dated as of September 2019, by and between Grand Smooth Inc Ltd and Jie Hao Development Co., Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on October 30, 2019.
10.5
Procare International Co., Limited Project Contract
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2020.
10.6
Regional Agency Cooperation Supplementary Agreement dated as of May 31, 2020, by and between Grand Smooth Inc Ltd and JC Development Co., Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2020.
10.7
Consulting Agreement dated as of May 15, 2020, between Nocera, Inc. and Atlanta Capital Partners, LLC
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2020.
10.8
Settlement Agreement and Release dated as of October 8, 2020, by and between Guizhou Wan Feng Hu Zhi Shui Chan Company, Ltd. and Nocera, Inc.
Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q filed on November 16, 2020.
10.9
Exchange Agreement, Consent, and Representations dated as of December 31, 2020 of the Registrant and Agreement and Plan of Share Exchange for VIE Interest dated as of December 31, 2020, by and between Nocera, Inc., Xin Feng Construction Co. Ltd., and Shunda Feed Co. Ltd
Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2021.
10.10
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement dated as of December 31, 2020, by and among Hui-Min Tu, Wen-Chih Tsai, Ching-Yao Tsai, Ching-Chao Tsai, Nocera, Inc. and Xin Feng Construction Co. Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2021.
10.11
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement dated as of December 31, 2020, by and among Nocera, Inc. and Xin Feng Construction Co. Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2021.
10.12
Equity Pledge Agreement dated as of December 31, 2020, by and among Hui-Min Tu, Wen-Chih Tsai, Ching-Yao Tsai, Ching-Chao Tsai, Nocera, Inc. and Xin Feng Construction Co. Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2021.
10.13
Exclusive Call Option Agreement dated as of December 31, 2020, by and among Nocera, Inc., Hui-Min Tu, Wen-Chih Tsai, Ching-Yao Tsai, Ching-Chao Tsai and Xin Feng Construction Co. Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2021.
10.14
Subscription Agreement dated as of April 1, 2021, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Han-Chieh Shih
Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q filed on May 17, 2021.
10.15
Consulting Agreement dated as of November 15, 2021, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Shih-Chung Lin
Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2022.
10.16
Consulting Agreement dated as of November 15, 2021, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Han-Chieh Shih
Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2022.
10.17†
Employment Agreement dated as of August 16, 2019, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Shun-Chih Chuang
Filed as Exhibit 10.18 to Form 10-K filed on March 23, 2022.
10.18†
Employment Agreement dated as of January 3, 2022, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Gerald H. Lindberg
Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Form S-1 filed on July 20, 2022.
10.19†
Addendum, dated December 31, 2021, to that certain Employment Agreement, dated August 16, 2019, between Nocera, Inc. and Shun-Chih Chuang
Filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Form S-1 filed on July 20, 2022.
10.20†
Employment Agreement, dated September 1, 2022, between Nocera, Inc. and Mr. Hong-Wen Ruan
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 1, 2022.
10.21
VIE Purchase, dated September 7, 2022, between Nocera, Inc., Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd., and the Selling Stockholder
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2022.
10.22
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, dated September 7, 2022, between Nocera, Inc., the Selling Stockholder and Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2022.
10.23
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, September 7, 2022, between Nocera, Inc. and Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2022.
10.24
Equity Pledge Agreement, dated September 7, 2022, between Nocera, Inc. the Selling Stockholder and Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2022.
10.25
Exclusive Call Option Agreement, dated September 7, 2022, between Nocera, Inc., the Selling Stockholder and Meixin Institutional Food Development Co., Ltd.
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 12, 2022.
10.26
Real Estate Purchase Agreement, dated September 8, 2022
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2022.
10.27
Farmers Vending Co. Ltd. Purchase Agreement dated as of September 26, 2022, by and between Farmers Vending Machine Co. Ltd. and Nocera, Inc.
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on September 30, 2022.
10.28
Purchase of Business Agreement dated as of November 30, 2022, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Han-Chieh Shih
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on December 2, 2022.
10.29†
Employment Agreement dated as of July 31, 2023, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Andy Jin
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2023.
10.30†
Employment Agreement dated as of January 5, 2024, by and between Nocera, Inc. and Feng-Hua Chen
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-K filed on January 10, 2024.
10.31
Share Exchange Agreement dated as of January 31, 2024, by and between Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Xinca Mutual Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd. and the selling stockholder
Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2024.
10.32
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement dated as of January 31, 2024, by and between Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd. and the selling stockholder
Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2024.
10.33
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement dated as of January 31, 2024, by and between Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Xinca Mutual Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd. and the selling stockholder
Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2024.
10.34
Equity Pledge Agreement dated as of January 31, 2024, by and between Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd. and the selling stockholder
Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2024.
10.35
Exclusive Call Option Agreement dated as of January 31, 2024, by and between Shanghai Nocera Culture Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Xinca Mutual Entertainment Culture Media Co., Ltd. and the selling stockholder
Filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 8-K filed on February 6, 2024.
10.36
Financial Support Letter dated January 25, 2025
*
14.1
Code of Ethics
Filed as Exhibit 14.1 to Form S-1 filed on July 20, 2022.
19.1
Insider Trading Policy
*
21.1
List of Subsidiaries of Nocera, Inc.
Filed as Exhibit 21.1 to Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2024.
31.1
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nocera, Inc.
*
31.2
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Nocera, Inc.
*
32.1
Section 1350 Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nocera, Inc.
**
32.2
Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Nocera, Inc.
**
97.1
Clawback Policy
Filed as Exhibit 97.1 to Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2024.
99.1
Audit Committee Charter
Filed as Exhibit 99.1 to Form S-1 filed on July 20, 2022.
99.2
Compensation Committee Charter
Filed as Exhibit 99.2 to Form S-1 filed on July 20, 2022.
99.3
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter
Filed as Exhibit 99.3 to Form S-1 filed on July 20, 2022.
Interactive Data Files
*
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document
*
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Schema Document
*
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
*
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
*
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document
*
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
*
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
*
____________
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith and not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Nocera, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
† Management contract or compensatory plan.