EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1490054
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1490054_10-K_2023_0001096906-23-001489.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Corporate History
Verde Bio Holdings, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on February 24, 2010. On May 1, 2010, the Company entered into a share exchange agreement with Appiphany Technologies Corporation (“ATC”) to acquire all of the outstanding common shares of ATC in exchange for 1,500,000 common shares of the Company. As the acquisition involved companies under common control, the acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805-50, Business Combinations - Related Issues, and the consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and ATC since inception. On February 19, 2019, Media Convergence Group, a Nevada corporation (“Media Convergence”) entered into a certain Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) for the sale of 500,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Shares”) of the Company. The purchase of the Shares (“Share Purchase”) was closed on November 22, 2019.
Upon the Closing of the Share Purchase, Scott Cox, became the owner of the Preferred Shares, and as such gained voting control of the Company by virtue of the 10,000 for 1 voting rights of the Series A Preferred Shares.
In connection with the Closing of the Share Purchase, the Company changed its management and Board. Robert Sargent resigned as the sole member of the Board and Scott Cox was elected as the sole member of the Board and as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Cox brings over 25 years of experience in the oil gas industry changed the Company’s business strategy to oil and gas exploration and investment.
Nature of Business
The Company is a growing U.S. energy company based in Frisco, Texas, engaged in the acquisition and development of high-probability, lower risk onshore oil and gas properties within the major oil and gas plays in the U.S. The Company’s dual-focused growth strategy relies primarily on leveraging management’s expertise to grow through the strategic acquisition of non-operating, working interests and royalty interests with the goal of developing into a major company in the industry. Through this strategy of acquisition of royalty and non-operating properties, the Company has the unique ability to rely on the technical and scientific expertise of the world-class E&P companies operating in the area.
The Company focuses on the acquisition of and exploitation of upstream energy assets, specifically targeting oil and gas mineral interests, oil and gas royalty interests and select non-operated working interests. We do not drill wells and we do not operate wells. These acquisitions are structured primarily as acquisitions of leases, real property interests and mineral rights and royalties and are generally not regarded as the acquisition of securities, but rather real property interests. As a royalty owner, the Company has the right to receive a portion of the production from the leased acreage (or of the proceeds of the sale thereof), but generally is not required to pay any portion of the costs of drilling or operating the wells on the leased acreage.
The Company began purchasing mineral and oil and gas royalty interests and surface properties in September 2020 and since such time has completed a total of 18 purchases.
Plan of Operations
The Company has implemented its business plan and continues to expand its services and products. The Company has generated royalty revenues from its oil and gas assets: however, the Company requires a higher volume of royalty revenues in order to raise sufficient operating cash flows to operate its business without the reliance upon equity or debt financing. The Company may be required to raise additional funds by way of equity or debt financing to fund expansion of its operations.
Government Regulation
The oil and gas business is subject to extensive governmental regulation under which, among other things, rates of production from our wells may be fixed. Governmental regulation also may limit or otherwise affect the market for wells’ production and the price which may be paid for that production. Governmental regulations relating to environmental matters could also affect our operations. The nature and extent of various regulations, the nature of other political developments and their overall effect upon us are not predictable.
WHERE YOU CAN GET ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy our reports or other filings made with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room, located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. You can obtain information on the operations of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You can also access these reports and other filings electronically on the SEC's web site, www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our Properties
Verde Bio Holdings, Inc. has mineral and royalty interests in several properties across seven (7) U.S. states. A total of four hundred and twelve (412) reserves cases have been identified and evaluated. These include producing, non-producing and undeveloped wells or leases. As of April 30, 2023, these interests entitled us to receive royalty payments from the producing wells on the acreage underlying our Royalties, with no additional future capital or operating expenses required. As of July 29, 2023, there were 412 wells producing on this acreage.
Comparison of Types of Interests
Royalty Interest. Royalty interests generally result when the owner of a mineral interest leases the underlying minerals to a working interest holder pursuant to an oil and gas lease. Typically, the resulting royalty interest is a cost-free percentage of production revenues for minerals extracted from the acreage. Holders of royalty interests are generally not responsible for capital expenditures or lease operating expenses, but may be responsible for certain post-production expenses, and typically have limited environmental liability. Royalty interests expire upon the expiration of the oil and gas lease.
Mineral Interest. Mineral interests are perpetual rights of the owner to exploit, mine, and/or produce any or all of the minerals lying below the surface of the property. The holder of a mineral interest has the right to lease the minerals to a working interest holder pursuant to an oil and gas lease.
Non-Participating Royalty Interest (“NPRI”). NPRI is an interest in oil and gas production that is created from the mineral estate. The NPRI is expense-free, bearing no operational costs of production. The term “non-participating” indicates that the interest owner does not share in the bonus, rentals from a lease, nor the right to participate in the execution of oil and gas leases.
Working Interest. Working interest holders have the rights to extract minerals from acreage leased pursuant to an oil and gas lease from a mineral interest holder. Holders of working interests are responsible for their pro rata share of capital expenditures and lease operating expenses, but holders of working interests only receive revenues after distributions have first been made to holders of royalty interests and ORRIs. Working interests expire upon the termination or expiration of the underlying oil and gas lease.
Overriding Royalty Interest (“ORRIs”). ORRIs are created by carving out the right to receive royalties from a working interest. Like royalty interests, ORRIs do not confer an obligation to make capital expenditures or pay for lease operating expenses and have limited environmental liability, however ORRIs may be calculated net of post-production expenses, depending on how the ORRI is structured. ORRIs that are carved out of working interests are linked to the same underlying oil and gas lease that created the working interest, and therefore, such ORRIs are typically subject to expiration upon the expiration or termination of the oil and gas lease.
OIL AND NATURAL GAS DATA
Reserves Presentation
The reserves estimates as of April 30, 2023, shown herein, have been independently evaluated by Mire Petroleum Consultants. Kurt Mire is a senior reservoir and production engineer with thirty-six (36) years of experience in E&P. This experience has been gained at major and independent oil companies and by projects done for Tier 1 consulting firms Ryder Scott Company and Netherland, Sewell & Associates. Domestic experience includes Louisiana, Texas, Gulf of Mexico, Mid-Continent, and Rocky Mountains. International experience includes Mexico,
South America, Iraq and Trinidad. He has proven skills in reservoir and production engineering, operations, reserves estimation, Monte Carol simulation, nodal analysis, field studies, project management and property evaluations.
Proved Reserves
Evaluation and Review of Reserves
Under SEC rules, proved reserves are those quantities of oil and natural gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible-from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations-prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. If deterministic methods are used, the SEC has defined reasonable certainty for proved reserves as a “high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered.” All of our proved reserves as of April 30, 2023, were estimated using a deterministic method. The estimation of reserves involves two distinct determinations. The first determination results in the estimation of the quantities of recoverable oil and gas and the second determination results in the estimation of the uncertainty associated with those estimated quantities in accordance with the definitions established under SEC rules. The process of estimating the quantities of recoverable oil and gas reserves relies on the use of certain generally accepted analytical procedures. These analytical procedures fall into three broad categories or methods: (1) performance-based methods, (2) volumetric-based methods and (3) analogy. These methods may be used singularly or in combination by the reserve evaluator in the process of estimating the quantities of reserves. The proved reserves for our properties were estimated by performance methods, analogy, or a combination of both methods. 100% of the proved producing reserves attributable to producing wells were estimated by performance methods. These performance methods include, but may not be limited to, decline curve analysis, which utilized extrapolations of available historical production and pressure data. The analogy method was used where there were inadequate historical performance data to establish a definitive trend and where the use of production performance data as a basis for the reserve estimates was considered to be inappropriate. All proved developed non-producing and undeveloped reserves were estimated by the analogy method.
To estimate economically recoverable proved reserves and related future net cash flows, our management considered many factors and assumptions, including the use of reservoir parameters derived from geological, geophysical, and engineering data which cannot be measured directly, economic criteria based on current costs and the SEC pricing requirements and forecasts of future production rates. To establish reasonable certainty with respect to our estimated proved reserves, the technologies and economic data used in the estimation of our proved reserves included production and well test data, downhole completion information, geologic data, electrical logs, radioactivity logs, core analyses, available seismic data and historical well cost and operating expense data.
The preparation of our proved reserve estimates are completed in accordance with our internal control procedures. These procedures, which are intended to ensure reliability of reserve estimations, include the following:
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review and verification of historical production data, which data is based on actual production as reported by our operators;
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preparation of reserve estimates;
•
no employee’s compensation is tied to the amount of reserves booked.
The following table presents our estimated net proved oil and natural gas reserves as of April 30, 2023 and is based on the reserve reports prepared by management. Each reserve report has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. All of our proved reserves included in the reserve reports are located in the continental United States.(1)(2)
Verde Bio Holdings, Inc.
As of May 1, 2023
Category
Gross Reserves
Net Reserves
Net Revenue
Taxes
Invest- ments
Non-disc. Cashflow
Disc. Cashflow (10%)
Life
Oil (MBO)
Gas (MMCF)
Oil (MBO)
Gas (MMCF)
M$
M$
M$
M$
M$
Years
Proved Developed Producing
22,601
516,555
26.6
315.2
4,538.3
406.1
0.0
4,132.2
2,330.8
50.0
Probable Non-Producing
3.1
31.2
453.0
36.6
15.0
129.2
76.4
9.5
Probable Undeveloped
2,064
4.4
4.4
427.2
48.0
0.0
379.2
246.3
34.2
Possible Undeveloped
2,104
41,075
4.0
21.1
512.2
50.6
0.0
461.7
293.2
50.0
Total 3P
25,207
559,734
38.1
371.9
5,930.8
541.3
15.0
5,102.3
2,946.6
50.0
(1)
Estimates of reserves as of April 30, 2023, were prepared using an average price equal to the unweighted arithmetic average of hydrocarbon prices received on a field-by-field basis on the first day of each month within the year ended April 30, 2023 in accordance with revised SEC rules and regulations applicable to reserve estimates as of the end of such period. The unweighted arithmetic average first day of the month prices were $89.00 per Bbl for oil and $5.67 per Mcf for natural gas at April 30, 2023. The price per Bbl for natural gas liquids was modeled as a percentage of oil price, which was derived from historical accounting data. Reserve estimates do not include any value for probable or possible reserves that may exist, nor do they include any value for undeveloped acreage. The reserve estimates represent Royalties in our properties. Although we believe these estimates are reasonable, actual future production, cash flows, taxes, operating expenses and quantities of recoverable oil and natural gas reserves may vary substantially from these estimates.
(2)
In this Annual Report, we have disclosed our PV-10 based on our reserve report. PV-10 represents the period end present value of estimated future cash inflows from our natural gas and crude oil reserves, less production costs, discounted at 10% per annum to reflect timing of future cash flows and using SEC pricing requirements in effect at the end of the period. Because of this, PV-10 can be used within the industry and by creditors and securities analysts to evaluate estimated net cash flows from proved reserves on a more comparable basis. PV-10 differs from standardized measure because it does not include the effects of income taxes. Neither PV-10 nor standardized measure represents an estimate of fair market value of our natural gas and oil properties. We and others in the industry use PV-10 as a measure to compare the relative size and value of estimated reserves held by companies without regard to the specific tax characteristics of such entities.
As of April 30, 2023, our historical proved developed reserves totaled 26,590 MBbls of oil and 315,200 MMcf of natural gas. Of the total proved developed reserves, 100% are producing and the remaining 0% are from wells that have been stimulated but are not yet producing hydrocarbons.
The foregoing reserves are all located within the continental United States. Reserve engineering is a subjective process of estimating volumes of economically recoverable oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation. As a result, the estimates of different engineers often vary. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production may justify revisions of such estimates. Accordingly, reserve estimates often differ from the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered. Estimates of economically recoverable oil and natural gas and of future net revenues are based on a number of variables and assumptions, all of which may vary from actual results, including geologic interpretation, prices, and future production rates and costs. See “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report. We have not filed any estimates of total, proved net oil or natural gas reserves with any federal authority or agency other than the SEC.
Proved Undeveloped Reserves
As of April 30, 2023, our historical proved undeveloped reserves totaled 26,590 MBbls of oil and 315,200 MMcf of natural gas. PUD reserves will be converted from undeveloped to developed as the applicable wells begin production.
Competition
The oil and natural gas industry is intensely competitive, and some of the companies we compete with have greater resources. Many of these companies not only explore for and produce oil and natural gas, but also carry on midstream and refining operations and market petroleum and other products on a regional, national, or worldwide basis. These companies may be able to pay more for productive oil and natural gas properties and exploratory prospects
or to define, evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties and prospects than our financial or human resources permit. In addition, these companies may have a greater ability to continue exploration activities during periods of low oil and natural gas market prices. Our larger or more integrated competitors may be able to absorb the burden of existing, and any changes to, federal, state, and local laws and regulations more easily than we can, which would adversely affect our competitive position.
Our ability to acquire additional mineral, royalty and similar interests in the future will be dependent upon our ability to evaluate and select suitable properties and to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment. In addition, because we have fewer financial and human resources than many companies in our industry, we may be at a disadvantage in bidding for these and other oil and natural gas properties. Further, oil and natural gas compete with other forms of energy available to customers, primarily based on price. These alternate forms of energy include electricity, coal, and fuel oils. Changes in the availability or price of oil and natural gas or other forms of energy, as well as business conditions, conservation, legislation, regulations, and the ability to convert to alternate fuels and other forms of energy may affect the demand for oil and natural gas.
Seasonal Nature of Business
Generally, demand for oil increases during the summer months and decreases during the winter months while natural gas decreases during the summer months and increases during the winter months. Certain natural gas users utilize natural gas storage facilities and purchase some of their anticipated winter requirements during the summer, which can lessen seasonal demand fluctuations. Seasonal weather conditions and lease stipulations can limit drilling and producing activities and other oil and natural gas operations in a portion of our operating areas. These seasonal anomalies can pose challenges for our operators in meeting well drilling objectives and can increase competition for equipment, supplies and personnel during the spring and summer months, which could lead to shortages and increase costs or delay operations.
Regulation
The following disclosure describes regulation more directly associated with operators of oil and natural gas properties, including our current operators, and other owners of working interests in oil and natural gas properties. To the extent we elect in the future to engage in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties, we would be directly subject to the same regulations described below.
Oil and natural gas operations are subject to various types of legislation, regulation and other legal requirements enacted by governmental authorities. This legislation and regulation affecting the oil and natural gas industry is under constant review for amendment or expansion. Some of these requirements carry substantial penalties for failure to comply. The regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases the cost of doing business.
Environmental Matters
Oil and natural gas exploration, development and production operations are subject to stringent laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to protection of the environment or occupational health and safety. Numerous federal, state, and local governmental agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), issue regulations that often require difficult and costly compliance measures that carry substantial administrative, civil and criminal penalties and may result in injunctive obligations for non-compliance. These laws and regulations may require the acquisition of a permit before drilling commences, restrict the types, quantities and concentrations of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with drilling and production activities, limit or prohibit construction or drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands, ecologically sensitive and other protected areas, require action to prevent or remediate pollution from current or former operations, such as plugging abandoned wells or closing earthen pits, result in the suspension or revocation of necessary permits, licenses and authorizations, require that additional pollution controls be installed and impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from operations. The strict and joint and several liability nature of such laws and regulations could impose liability upon responsible parties (including the operators of the acreage underlying our Royalties) regardless of fault. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances, hydrocarbons, or other waste products into the environment. Changes in environmental laws and regulations occur frequently, and any changes that result in more stringent and costly pollution control or waste handling, storage, transport, disposal, or cleanup requirements could materially adversely affect Falcon’s business and prospects.
Waste Handling
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended (“RCRA”), and comparable state statutes and regulations promulgated thereunder, affect oil and natural gas exploration, development, and production activities by imposing requirements regarding the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal, and cleanup of hazardous and non- hazardous wastes. With federal approval, the individual states administer some or all of the provisions of RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent requirements. Although most wastes associated with the exploration, development, and production of oil and natural gas are exempt from regulation as hazardous wastes under RCRA, these wastes typically constitute “solid wastes” that are subject to less stringent non-hazardous waste requirements. However, it is possible that RCRA could be amended or the EPA or state environmental agencies could adopt policies to require oil and natural gas exploration, development, and production wastes to become subject to more stringent waste handling requirements. Any changes in the laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operators’ capital expenditures and operating expenses, which in turn could affect production from our properties and adversely affect our business and prospects.
Remediation of Hazardous Substances
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, as amended (“CERCLA”), also known as the “Superfund” law, and analogous state laws, generally impose strict and joint and several liability, without regard to fault or legality of the original conduct, on classes of persons who are considered to be responsible for the release of a “hazardous substance” into the environment. These persons include the current owner or operator of a contaminated facility, a former owner or operator of the facility at the time of contamination, and those persons that disposed or arranged for the disposal of the hazardous substance at the facility. Under CERCLA and comparable state statutes, persons deemed “responsible parties” may be subject to strict and joint and several liability for the costs of removing or remediating previously disposed wastes (including wastes disposed of or released by prior owners or operators) or property contamination (including groundwater contamination), for damages to natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies. In addition, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the hazardous substances released into the environment. In addition, the risk of accidental spills or releases could expose the operators of the acreage underlying Falcon’s Royalties to significant liabilities that could have a material adverse effect on the operators’ businesses, financial condition, and results of operations. Liability for any contamination under these laws could require the operators of the acreage underlying Falcon’s Royalties to make significant expenditures to investigate and remediate such contamination or attain and maintain compliance with such laws and may otherwise have a material adverse effect on their results of operations, competitive position, or financial condition.
Water Discharges
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, also known as the “Clean Water Act” (“CWA”), the Safe Drinking Water Act (“SDWA”), the Oil Pollution Act (“OPA”), and analogous state laws and regulations promulgated thereunder impose restrictions and strict controls regarding the unauthorized discharge of pollutants, including produced waters and other gas and oil wastes, into navigable waters of the United States, as well as state waters. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the EPA or the state. The CWA and regulations implemented thereunder also prohibit the discharge of dredge and fill material into regulated waters, including jurisdictional wetlands, unless authorized by an appropriately issued permit. In June 2015, the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the “Corps”) published a final rule attempting to clarify the federal jurisdictional reach over waters of the United States (“WOTUS”). Following the change in U.S. Presidential Administrations, there have been several attempts to modify or eliminate this rule. Most recently, on January 23, 2020, the EPA and Corps replaced the WOTUS rule adopted in 2015 with the narrower Navigable Waters Protection Rule. The 2020 NWPR was vacated by two district courts and replaced in the Code of Federal Regulations by the 2023 rule. The 2020 NWPR is not in effect, and the materials below are provided for informational purposes.
In addition, spill prevention, control, and countermeasure plan requirements under federal law require appropriate containment berms and similar structures to help prevent the contamination of navigable waters in the event of a petroleum hydrocarbon tank spill, rupture, or leak. The EPA has also adopted regulations requiring certain oil and natural gas exploration and production facilities to obtain individual permits or coverage under general permits for storm water discharges.
The OPA is the primary federal law for oil spill liability. The OPA contains numerous requirements relating to the prevention of and response to petroleum releases into waters of the United States, including the requirement that operators of offshore facilities and certain onshore facilities near or crossing waterways must develop and maintain facility response contingency plans and maintain certain significant levels of financial assurance to cover potential environmental cleanup and restoration costs. The OPA subjects owners of facilities to strict, joint, and several
liability for all containment and cleanup costs and certain other damages arising from a release, including, but not limited to, the costs of responding to a release of oil into surface waters.
In addition, the SDWA grants the EPA broad authority to take action to protect public health when an underground source of drinking water is threatened with pollution that presents an imminent and substantial endangerment to humans, which could result in orders prohibiting or limiting the operations of oil and natural gas production facilities. The EPA has asserted regulatory authority pursuant to the SDWA’s Underground Injection Control (“UIC”) program over hydraulic fracturing activities involving the use of diesel fuel in fracturing fluids and issued guidance covering such activities. The SDWA also regulates saltwater disposal wells under the UIC Program. Recent concerns related to the operation of saltwater disposal wells and induced seismicity have led some states to impose limits on the total volume of produced water such wells can dispose of order disposal wells to cease operations, or limited the construction of new wells. These seismic events have also resulted in environmental groups and local residents filing lawsuits against operators in areas where the events occur seeking damages and injunctions limiting or prohibiting saltwater disposal well construction activities and operations. A lack of saltwater disposal wells in production areas could result in increased disposal costs for our operators if they are forced to transport produced water by truck, pipeline, or other method over long distances, or force them to curtail operations.
Noncompliance with the Clean Water Act, SDWA, or the OPA may result in substantial administrative, civil, and criminal penalties, as well as injunctive obligations, all of which could affect production from our properties and adversely affect our business and prospects.
Air Emissions
The federal Clean Air Act (“CAA”) and comparable state laws and regulations regulate emissions of various air pollutants through the issuance of permits and the imposition of other requirements. The EPA has developed, and continues to develop, stringent regulations governing emissions of air pollutants at specified sources. New facilities may be required to obtain permits before work can begin, and existing facilities may be required to obtain additional permits and incur capital costs in order to remain in compliance. For example, in October 2015, the EPA lowered the National Ambient Air Quality Standard, (“NAAQS”) for ozone from 75 to 70 parts per billion for both the 8-hour primary and secondary standards, and the agency completed attainment/non-attainment designations in July 2018. State implementation of the revised NAAQS could result in stricter permitting requirements, delay, or prohibit the ability of our operators to obtain such permits, and result in increased expenditures for pollution control equipment, the costs of which could be significant. Separately, in June 2016, the EPA finalized rules regarding criteria for aggregating multiple small surface sites into a single source for air-quality permitting purposes applicable to the oil and natural gas industry. This rule could cause small facilities, on an aggregate basis, to be deemed a major source, thereby triggering more stringent air permitting processes and requirements. On November 15, 2021, the EPA published a proposed rule that would update and expand existing requirements for the oil and gas industry, as well as creating significant new requirements and standards for new, modified, and existing oil and gas facilities. The proposed new requirements would include, for example, new standards and emission limitations applicable to storage vessels, well liquids unloading, pneumatic controllers, and flaring of natural gas at both new and existing facilities. In November 2022, the EPA published a supplemental proposal to update, strengthen, and expand the standards proposed in November 2021. The proposed rules for new and modified facilities are estimated to be finalized by the end of 2023, while any standards finalized for existing facilities will require further state rulemaking actions over the next several years before they become applicable and effective. These laws and regulations may increase the costs of compliance for oil and natural gas producers and impact production on our properties, and federal and state regulatory agencies can impose administrative, civil, and criminal penalties for non-compliance with air permits or other requirements of the federal Clean Air Act and associated state laws and regulations. Moreover, obtaining or renewing permits has the potential to delay the development of oil and natural gas exploration and development projects. All of these factors could impact production on our properties and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Climate Change
The threat of climate change continues to attract considerable attention in the United States and in foreign countries, numerous proposals have been made and could continue to be made at the international, national, regional, and state levels of government to monitor and limit existing emissions of greenhouse gases (“GHGs”) as well as to restrict or eliminate such future emissions. As a result, our operations as well as the operations of our operators are subject to a series of regulatory, political, litigation, and financial risks associated with the production and processing of fossil fuels and emission of GHGs.
In the United States, no comprehensive climate change legislation has been implemented at the federal level. However, the current administration has highlighted addressing climate change as a priority and has issued several
executive orders addressing climate change, including one that calls for substantial action on climate change, such as the increased use of zero-emission vehicles by the federal government, the elimination of subsidies provided to the fossil fuel industry, and increased emphasis on climate-related risks across government agencies and economic sectors. Moreover, following the U.S. Supreme Court finding that GHG emissions constitute a pollutant under the CAA, the EPA has adopted regulations that, among other things, establish construction and operating permit reviews for GHG emissions from certain large stationary sources and require the monitoring and annual reporting of GHG emissions from certain petroleum and natural gas system sources in the United States. The regulation of methane from oil and gas facilities has been subject to uncertainty in recent years. The current administration has also issued an executive order calling for the suspension, revision, or rescission, of a September 2020 rule rescinding certain methane standards and removing transmission and storage segments from the source category for certain regulations, and the reinstatement or issuance of methane emissions standards for new, modified, and existing oil and gas facilities.
Additionally, various states and groups of states have adopted or are considering adopting legislation, regulations or other regulatory initiatives that are focused on such areas GHG cap and trade programs, carbon taxes, reporting and tracking programs, and restriction of emissions. At the international level, the United Nations-sponsored “Paris Agreement,” requires member states to submit non-binding, individually determined reduction goals every five years after 2020. Although the United States had withdrawn from the Paris Agreement, the current administration recently recommitted the United States to the agreement by executive order. However, the impacts of this executive order and the terms of any legislation or regulation to implement the United States’ commitment remain unclear at this time.
Governmental, scientific, and public concern over the threat of climate change arising from GHG emissions has resulted in increasing political risks in the United States, including climate-change-related pledges made by some candidates now in political office. These have included promises to limit emissions and curtail certain production of oil and natural gas. Other actions that could be pursued by the current administration may include the imposition of more restrictive requirements for the establishment of pipeline infrastructure or the permitting of LNG export facilities, as well as more restrictive GHG emission limitations for oil and gas facilities. Litigation risks are also increasing as a number of cities and other local governments have sought to bring suit against the largest oil and natural gas companies in state or federal court, alleging among other things, that such companies created public nuisances by producing fuels that contributed to climate change or alleging that the companies have been aware of the adverse effects of climate change for some time but failed to adequately disclose such impacts to their investors or customers.
There are also increasing financial risks for fossil fuel producers as shareholders currently invested in fossil-fuel energy companies may elect in the future to shift some or all of their investments into non-energy related sectors. Institutional lenders who provide financing to fossil-fuel energy companies also have become more attentive to sustainable lending practices and some of them may elect not to provide funding for fossil fuel energy companies. Additionally, financial institutions may be required to adopt policies that have the effect of reducing the funding provided to the fossil fuel sector. The Federal Reserve recently joined the Network for Greening the Financial System, a consortium of financial regulators focused on addressing climate-related risks in the financial sector.
Limitation of investments in and financing for fossil fuel energy companies could result in the restriction, delay, or cancellation of drilling programs or development or production activities.
The adoption and implementation of new or more stringent international, federal, or state legislation, regulations, or other regulatory initiatives that impose more stringent standards for GHG emissions from the oil and natural gas sector or otherwise restrict the areas in which this sector may produce oil and natural gas or generate the GHG emissions could result in increased costs of compliance or costs of consuming, and thereby reduce demand for oil and natural gas, which could reduce the profitability of our interests. Additionally, political, litigation, and financial risks may result in our oil and natural gas operators restricting or cancelling production activities, incurring liability for infrastructure damages as a result of climatic changes, or impairing their ability to continue to operate in an economic manner, which also could reduce the profitability of our interests. One or more of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operation.
Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing
The process of hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand, and chemicals under pressure into formations to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production. The process is typically regulated by state oil and natural gas commissions, but recently the EPA and other federal agencies have asserted jurisdiction over certain aspects of hydraulic fracturing. For example, the EPA issued effluent limitation guidelines in June 2016 that prohibit the discharge of wastewater from hydraulic fracturing operations to publicly owned wastewater treatment plants.
In December 2016, the EPA released its final report on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources. The final report concluded that “water cycle” activities associated with hydraulic fracturing may impact drinking water resources under certain limited circumstances. The EPA has not proposed to take any action in response to the report’s findings.
Several states where we own interests in oil and gas producing properties, have adopted regulations that could restrict or prohibit hydraulic fracturing in certain circumstances or require the disclosure of the composition of hydraulic-fracturing fluids. For example, Texas has imposed certain limits on the permitting or operation of disposal wells in areas with increased instances of induced seismic events. These existing or any new legal requirements establishing seismic permitting requirements or similar restrictions on the construction or operation of disposal wells for the injection of produced water likely will result in added costs to comply and affect our operators’ rate of production, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position. In addition to state laws, local land use restrictions, such as city ordinances, may restrict or prohibit the performance of well drilling in general or hydraulic fracturing in particular.
We cannot predict what additional state or local requirements may be imposed in the future on oil and gas operations in the states in which we own interests. In the event state, local, or municipal legal restrictions are adopted in areas where our operators conduct operations, our operators may incur substantial costs to comply with these requirements, which may be significant in nature, experience delays, or curtailment in the pursuit of exploration, development, or production activities and perhaps even be precluded from the drilling of wells.
There has been increasing public controversy regarding hydraulic fracturing with regard to increased risks of induced seismicity, the use of fracturing fluids, impacts on drinking water supplies, use of water, and the potential for impacts to surface water, groundwater, and the environment generally. A number of lawsuits and enforcement actions have been initiated across the country implicating hydraulic-fracturing practices. If new laws or regulations are adopted that significantly restrict hydraulic fracturing, those laws could make it more difficult or costly for our operators to perform fracturing to stimulate production from tight formations. In addition, if hydraulic fracturing is further regulated at the federal or state level, fracturing activities on our properties could become subject to additional permitting and financial assurance requirements, more stringent construction specifications, increased monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping obligations, plugging and abandonment requirements, and also to attendant permitting delays and potential increases in costs. Legislative changes could cause operators to incur substantial compliance costs. At this time, it is not possible to estimate the impact on our business of newly enacted or potential federal or state legislation governing hydraulic fracturing.
Endangered Species Act
Some of the operations on acreage underlying our Royalties may be located in areas that are designated as habitats for endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. In February 2016, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service published a final policy that alters how it identifies critical habitat for endangered and threatened species. A critical habitat designation could result in further material restrictions to federal and private land use and could delay or prohibit land access or development. Moreover, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service continues to make listing decisions and critical habitat designations where necessary, including for over 250 species as required under a 2011 settlement approved by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, and many hundreds of additional anticipated listing decisions have already been identified beyond those recognized in the 2011 settlement. The designation of previously unprotected species as being endangered or threatened, if located in the areas where we have Royalties, could cause the operators of the operations on the acreage underlying our Royalties to incur additional costs or become subject to operating restrictions in areas where the species are known to exist.
Other Regulation of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry
The oil and natural gas industry is extensively regulated by numerous federal, state and local authorities. Legislation affecting the oil and natural gas industry is under constant review for amendment or expansion, frequently increasing the regulatory burden. Also, numerous departments and agencies, both federal and state, are authorized by statute to issue rules and regulations that are binding on the oil and natural gas industry and its individual members, some of which carry substantial penalties for failure to comply. Although the regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases the cost of doing business, these burdens generally do not affect the Company any differently or to any greater or lesser extent than they affect other companies in the industry with similar types, quantities, and locations of production.
The availability, terms and cost of transportation significantly affect sales of oil and natural gas. The interstate transportation and sale for resale of oil and natural gas is subject to federal regulation, including regulation of the terms, conditions and rates for interstate transportation, storage, and various other matters, primarily by the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Federal and state regulations govern the price and terms for access to oil and natural gas pipeline transportation. FERC’s regulations for interstate oil and natural gas transmission in some circumstances may also affect the intrastate transportation of oil and natural gas.
Although oil and natural gas prices are currently unregulated, Congress historically has been active in the area of oil and natural gas regulation. The Company cannot predict whether new legislation to regulate oil and natural gas might be proposed, what proposals, if any, might actually be enacted by Congress or the various state legislatures, and what effect, if any, the proposals might have on Falcon’s operations. Sales of condensate and oil and natural gas liquids are not currently regulated and are made at market prices.
Drilling and Production
The operations of the Company’s operators are subject to various types of regulation at the federal, state, and local level. These types of regulation include requiring permits for the drilling of wells, drilling bonds and reports concerning operations. The state, and some counties and municipalities, in which the Company operates also regulate one or more of the following:
•
the location of wells;
•
the method of drilling and casing wells;
•
the timing of construction or drilling activities, including seasonal wildlife closures;
•
the rates of production or “allowables”;
•
the surface use and restoration of properties upon which wells are drilled;
•
the plugging and abandoning of wells; and
•
notice to, and consultation with, surface owners and other third parties.
State laws regulate the size and shape of drilling and spacing units or proration units governing the pooling of oil and natural gas properties. Some states allow forced pooling or integration of tracts to facilitate exploration while other states rely on voluntary pooling of lands and leases. In some instances, forced pooling or unitization may be implemented by third parties and may reduce the Company’s interest in the unitized properties. In addition, state conservation laws establish maximum rates of production from oil and natural gas wells, generally prohibit the venting or flaring of natural gas and impose requirements regarding the ratability of production. These laws and regulations may limit the amount of oil and natural gas that the Company’s operators can produce from our wells or limit the number of wells or the locations at which operators can drill. Moreover, each state generally imposes a production or severance tax with respect to the production and sale of oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids within its jurisdiction. States do not regulate wellhead prices or engage in other similar direct regulation, but we cannot assure you that they will not do so in the future. The effect of such future regulations may be to limit the amounts of oil and natural gas that may be produced from our wells, negatively affect the economics of production from these wells or to limit the number of locations operators can drill.
Federal, state, and local regulations provide detailed requirements for the abandonment of wells, closure or decommissioning of production facilities and pipelines and for site restoration in areas where the operators of the acreage underlying our Royalties operate. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and many other state and local authorities also have regulations for plugging and abandonment, decommissioning and site restoration. Although the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers does not require bonds or other financial assurances, some state agencies and municipalities do have such requirements.
Natural Gas Sales and Transportation
Historically, federal legislation and regulatory controls have affected the price and marketing of natural gas. FERC has jurisdiction over the transportation and sale for resale of natural gas in interstate commerce by natural gas companies under the Natural Gas Act of 1938 (“NGA”) and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978. Since 1978, various federal laws have been enacted which have resulted in the complete removal of all price and non-price controls for sales of domestic natural gas sold in “first sales.” Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005, FERC has substantial
enforcement authority to prohibit the manipulation of natural gas markets and enforce its rules and orders, including the ability to assess substantial civil penalties.
FERC also regulates interstate natural gas transportation rates and service conditions and establishes the terms under which our operators may use interstate natural gas pipeline capacity, which affects the marketing of natural gas that our operators produce, as well as the revenues our operators receive for sales of natural gas and release of natural gas pipeline capacity. Commencing in 1985, FERC promulgated a series of orders, regulations and rule makings that significantly fostered competition in the business of transporting and marketing gas. Today, interstate pipeline companies are required to provide nondiscriminatory transportation services to producers, marketers, and other shippers, regardless of whether such shippers are affiliated with an interstate pipeline company. FERC’s initiatives have led to the development of a competitive, open access market for natural gas purchases and sales that permits all purchasers of natural gas to buy gas directly from third-party sellers other than pipelines. However, the natural gas industry historically has been very heavily regulated; therefore, we cannot guarantee that the less stringent regulatory approach currently pursued by FERC and Congress will continue indefinitely into the future nor can we determine what effect, if any, future regulatory changes might have on our natural gas-related activities.
Under FERC’s current regulatory regime, transmission services must be provided on an open-access, nondiscriminatory basis at cost-based rates or at market-based rates if the transportation market at issue is sufficiently competitive. Gathering service, which occurs upstream of jurisdictional transmission services, is regulated by the states onshore and in-state waters. Section 1(b) of the NGA exempts natural gas gathering facilities from regulation by FERC as a natural gas company under the NGA. Although its policy is still in flux, FERC has in the past reclassified certain jurisdictional transmission facilities as non-jurisdictional gathering facilities, which has the tendency to increase our operators’ costs of transporting gas to point-of-sale locations.
Oil Sales and Transportation
Sales of crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids are not currently regulated and are made at negotiated prices. Nevertheless, Congress could reenact price controls in the future.
Crude oil sales are affected by the availability, terms, and cost of transportation. The transportation of oil in common carrier pipelines is also subject to rate regulation. FERC regulates interstate oil pipeline transportation rates under the Interstate Commerce Act and intrastate oil pipeline transportation rates are subject to regulation by state regulatory commissions. The basis for intrastate oil pipeline regulation, and the degree of regulatory oversight and scrutiny given to intrastate oil pipeline rates, varies from state to state. Insofar as effective interstate and intrastate rates are equally applicable to all comparable shippers, we believe that the regulation of oil transportation rates will not affect our operations in any materially different way than such regulation will affect the operations of our competitors.
Further, interstate, and intrastate common carrier oil pipelines must provide service on a non-discriminatory basis. Under this open access standard, common carriers must offer service to all shippers requesting service on the same terms and under the same rates. When oil pipelines operate at full capacity, access is governed by portioning provisions set forth in the pipelines’ published tariffs. Accordingly, we believe that access to oil pipeline transportation services generally will be available to our operators to the same extent as to the Company or their competitors.
State Regulation
Texas regulates the drilling for, and the production, gathering and sale of, oil and natural gas, including imposing severance taxes and requirements for obtaining drilling permits. Texas currently imposes a 4.6% severance tax on the market value of oil production and a 7.5% severance tax on the market value of natural gas production. States also regulate the method of developing new fields, the spacing and operation of wells and the prevention of waste of oil and natural gas resources. States may regulate rates of production and may establish maximum daily production allowables from oil and natural gas wells based on market demand or resource conservation, or both. States do not regulate wellhead prices or engage in other similar direct economic regulation, but we cannot assure you that they will not do so in the future. The effect of these regulations may be to limit the amount of oil and natural gas that may be produced from our wells and to limit the number of wells or locations our operators can drill.
The petroleum industry is also subject to compliance with various other federal, state, and local regulations and laws. Some of those laws relate to resource conservation and equal employment opportunity. We do not believe that compliance with these laws will have a material adverse effect on us. Our offices are currently located at 5750 Genesis Court, Suite 220B, Frisco, Texas 75043, and our telephone number is (972) 217-4080. We do not foresee any significant difficulties in obtaining any required additional space.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and the SEC settled certain allegations by staff of the Division of Enforcement in an Order by the SEC issued on May 16, 2023.
Except as set forth above, we know of no material, existing or pending legal proceedings against our company, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. Except as set forth above, there are no proceedings in which our director, officer or any affiliates, or any registered or beneficial shareholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE COMPANY'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Common Stock
Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTC Markets. Our common stock has been quoted on the OTC Markets since October 20, 2011. Our common stock is traded under the symbol “VBHI”. Because we are quoted on the OTC Markets, our securities may be less liquid, receive less coverage by security analysts and news media and generate lower prices than might otherwise be obtained if they were listed on a national securities exchange.
Record Holders
As of July 31, 2023, 1,683,077,167 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding and were owned by approximately 61 holders of record, based on information provided by our transfer agent.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate of 13,600,000 common shares with a fair value of $98,660 for services. These shares were issued pursuant exemptions from registration under Regulation 4(a)(2). In addition, the Company issued an aggregate of 350,111,699 common shares in connection with the conversion of 581 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Shares issued connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 3, 2021, by and between the Company and GHS Investments, LLC.
Re-Purchase of Equity Securities
None.
Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and presently anticipate that all earnings, if any, will be retained for development of our business and that no dividends on our common stock will be declared in the foreseeable future. Any future dividends will be subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, future earnings, operating and financial conditions, capital requirements, general business conditions and other pertinent facts. Therefore, there can be no assurance that any dividends on our common stock will be paid in the future.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These forward-looking statements are not historical facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections. We may use words such as "anticipate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "believe," "foresee," "estimate" and variations of these words and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted. You should read this report completely and with the understanding that actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made as of the date of this report and should be evaluated with consideration of any changes occurring after the date of this Report. We will not update forward-looking statements even though our situation may change in the future and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Working Capital
April 30,
$
April 30,
$
Current Assets
97,748
295,873
Current Liabilities
1,839,182
1,453,145
Working Capital (Deficit)
(1,741,434)
(1,157,272)
Cash Flows
April 30,
$
April 30,
$
Cash Flows used in Operating Activities
(872,226)
(1,150,005)
Cash Flows used in Investing Activities
148,015
(5,679,020)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
608,841
4,882,334
Net increase (decrease) in Cash During Year
(115,370)
(1,946,691)
Operating Revenues
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company recorded revenues of $926,099 compared to revenues of $719,998 during the year ended April 30, 2022. Revenues were derived from royalties earned from oil and gas interests. The increase is due to the fact that the Company increased its investment in additional royalty producing properties from the beginning of last year in order to generate additional royalty revenue income which led to an increase in revenue during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022.
Operating Expenses and Net Loss
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company recorded operating expenses of $2,566,025 compared to $3,870,118 during the year ended April 30, 2022, a decrease of $1,304,093. The decrease in operating expenses was due to an impairment loss in the carrying value of the Company’s oil and gas properties in fiscal 2022 for $1,266,046. The Company also recorded an increase in project expenditures from $84,622 to $415,140 as a result of a one time commitment fee of $379,000, as well as costs incurred to identify and perform due diligence on potential oil and gas acquisitions. All other operating expenses were consistent to prior year as the Company focused its current year operations on maintaining and operating its existing line of oil and gas properties whereas fiscal 2022 involved more acquisitions of oil and gas properties as the Company was building up its portfolio.
Net loss for the year ended April 30, 2023 was $1,774,179 as compared with $3,422,146 during the year ended April 30, 2022. In addition to the effects of the increase in royalty revenues combined with the decrease in operating expenses, the Company saw a decline in interest and finance charges from $236,748 in fiscal 2022 to $153,892 in fiscal 2023. Furthermore, the Company incurred a one-time commitment fee of $40,000 in fiscal 2022 was not incurred in the current year.
For the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company recorded a loss per share of $0.00 which is consistent with the year ended April 30, 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of April 30, 2023, the Company had cash of $25,836 and total assets of $4,160,238 compared to cash of $141,206 and total assets of $5,085,057 as at April 30, 2022. The decrease in cash is based on the fact that, although revenues and operating cash flows have improved from the prior year, the Company continues to rely on proceeds from financing activities to support its ongoing expenditures. In addition to the decrease in cash, the overall decrease in total assets is based on the decrease in oil and natural gas properties of $619,634 due primarily to depletion of the carrying value based on the royalty incomes generated by the Company’s assets.
As of April 30, 2023, the Company had total liabilities of $1,839,182 compared with total liabilities of $1,474,482 as at April 30, 2022. The increase in total liabilities is based on $260,855 of carrying value for a convertible note payable that was issued during the year for proceeds of $410,000, of which $217,159 has been repaid as at April 30, 2023, and $42,000 of amounts owing to the CEO of the Company. Furthermore, the Company had an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $118,736 which is due to timing differences between the receipt of expenditures and the cash payment of day-to-day operating expenses incurred by the Company, and was offset by a decrease in the carrying value of the lease liability of $56,891, which is due to expire in fiscal 2024. The Company
has not yet finalized a renewal of the current lease terms of its head office.
As of April 30, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of $1,741,434 compared with a working capital deficit of $1,157,272 as of April 30, 2022. The increase in the working capital deficit from prior year was attributed the use of short-term financing to continue to sustain the operations of the Company.
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company issued 350,111,699 common shares with a fair value of $350,112 upon the conversion of 581 Series C preferred stock in addition to the issuance of 13,600,000 common shares with a fair value of $98,660 for services incurred to a third-party consultant. Furthermore, the Company issued 386 Series C preferred stock for $386,000.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company used $872,226 of cash for operating activities compared with $1,150,005 of cash for operating activities during the year ended April 30, 2022. The decrease in cash used for operating activities represents the fact that the Company’s portfolio of oil and gas assets generated an increase in revenues from fiscal 2022 which helped with the Company’s overall operating cash shortfall.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company received $148,015 of cash for investing activities compared to the incurrence of $5,679,020 from investing activities during the year ended April 30, 2022. During fiscal 2022, the Company’s focus was on acquisition of oil and gas assets and properties to build up its portfolio, while the current year focus was on maintaining and deriving revenues from its previously acquired oil and gas assets. Furthermore, during fiscal 2023, the Company sold one property for proceeds of $175,000.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company received $608,841 of proceeds from financing activities compared to proceeds of $4,882,334 during the year ended April 30, 2022. The decrease in proceeds from financing activities was based on the fact that the Company closed a private placement financing of common shares in fiscal 2022 for $3,920,500 less share issuance costs of $33,166, which was not replicated during fiscal 2023. Furthermore, the Company received $374,000 from issuance of Series C preferred shares compared to $1,000,000 received from Series C preferred shares during fiscal 2022. The decreases were offset by loan proceeds of $452,000 received during fiscal 2023 which was offset by loan repayments of $217,159.
Going Concern
The Company has not attained profitable operations and is dependent upon obtaining financing to pursue any extensive acquisitions and activities. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $1,774,179 and used cash of $872,226 for operating activities. As at April 30, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of $1,741,434 and an accumulated deficit of $16,033,070. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The audited financial statements included in this Form 10-K does not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Future Financings
We will continue to rely on equity sales of our common shares in order to continue to fund our business operations. Issuances of additional shares will result in dilution to existing stockholders. There is no assurance that we will achieve any additional sales of the equity securities or arrange for debt or other financing to fund planned acquisitions and exploration activities.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements. A complete summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
●Our revenue consists of royalty payments from mineral leases and oil and gas investments.
●We reclassified depletion expenses to conform the current period standards. The reclassification had no material impact on our audited consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. These pronouncements did not have any material impact on the financial statements unless otherwise disclosed, and the Company does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
Contractual Obligations
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended April 30, 2023 and 2022
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Verde Bio Holdings, Inc.:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Verde Bio Holdings, Inc. (“the Company”) as of April 30, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended April 30, 2023 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of April 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended April 30, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph Regarding Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has negative cash flows from operations that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) related to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgements. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Impairment Assessment of Oil and Gas Properties Impacted by the Company’s Estimation of Proved Reserves
As of April 30, 2023, the Company’s oil and gas properties totaled $1,318,506. As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for its oil and gas properties using the full cost method of accounting which requires management to make estimates of proved reserve volumes and future net revenues to assess its oil and gas properties for potential impairment. To estimate the volume of proved reserves and future net revenue, management engaged a third-party reserve engineer specialist who made significant estimates and assumptions including forecasting the production decline rate of producing properties. The estimation of proved reserves is also impacted by management’s judgments and estimates
regarding the financial performance of wells associated with proved reserves to determine if wells are expected with reasonable certainty to be economical under the appropriate pricing assumptions required in the estimation of potential impairment assessment. We identified the estimation of proved reserves of oil and gas properties and related impairment as a critical audit matter.
The principal consideration for our determination that the estimation of proved reserves is a critical audit matter is that changes in certain inputs and assumptions, which require a high degree of subjectivity, necessary to estimate the volume and future net revenues of the Company’s proved reserves could have a significant impact on the measurement of potential impairment. In turn, auditing those inputs and assumptions required subjective and complex auditor judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the estimation of proved reserves included the following, among others.
·We obtained an understanding of the Company’s controls relating to management’s estimation of proved reserves for the purpose of assessing the Company’s oil and gas properties for potential impairment.
·We evaluated the independence, objectivity, and professional qualifications of the third-party reserve engineer, made inquiries of that specialist regarding the process followed and judgments made to estimate the Company’s proved reserve volumes, and read the reserve report prepared by the third-party specialist.
·To the extent key inputs and assumptions used to determine proved reserve volumes and other cash flow inputs and assumptions, including, but not limited to based SEC pricing, historical pricing differentials and ownership interests, we tested management’s process for determining the assumptions, including examining the underlying support on a sample basis. Specifically, our audit procedures involved testing management’s assumptions by performing the following:
oRecalculated pricing utilized, including validating the prices were the average oil and natural gas prices received by the Company as of the first trading day of each month over the preceding twelve months;
oCompared the estimated pricing differentials used in the reserve report to realized prices related to revenue transactions recorded in the current year; and
oTested the working and net revenue interests used in the reserve report by inspecting land and division order records.
/s/ Sadler, Gibb & Associates, LLC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.
Draper, UT
PCAOB ID: 3627
August 1, 2023
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Expressed in US dollars)
April 30,
$
April 30,
$
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash
25,836
141,206
Accounts receivable
71,912
125,828
Prepaid expenses
-
28,839
Total current assets
97,748
295,873
Non-current assets
Right-of-use operating lease asset
19,861
72,323
Property and equipment, net
2,724,123
2,778,721
Oil and natural gas properties, net based on the full cost method of accounting
1,318,506
1,938,140
Total assets
4,160,238
5,085,057
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
286,972
168,236
Convertible notes payable
260,855
-
Due to related party
42,000
-
Current portion of operating lease liability
21,337
56,891
Warrant liabilities
1,228,018
1,228,018
Total Current Liabilities
1,839,182
1,453,145
Non-current portion of operating lease liability
-
21,337
Total Liabilities
1,839,182
1,474,482
TEMPORARY EQUITY
Series C Preferred Stock Designated: 7,600, par value of $0.001 per share
Issued and outstanding: 845 and 1,040 shares, respectively
Series C accrued dividends
109,372
20,308
Total Temporary Equity
109,373
20,309
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Series A Preferred Stock Designated: 500,000 shares, par value of $0.001 per share
Issued and outstanding: 500,000 shares
Common stock - 5,000,000,000 common shares, par value of $0.001 per share
Issued and outstanding:
1,543,077,167 and 1,179,365,468 common shares, respectively
1,543,078
1,179,366
Common stock issuable
-
Additional paid-in capital
16,701,175
16,669,291
Accumulated deficit
(16,033,070)
(14,258,891)
Total Stockholders’ Equity
2,211,683
3,590,266
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
4,160,238
5,085,057
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Expressed in US dollars)
Year ended
April 30,
$
Year ended
April 30,
$
Revenue
Mineral property and royalty revenues
926,099
719,998
Operating Expenses
Consulting fees
358,095
381,578
Depletion expense
464,634
565,726
General and administrative
1,056,638
1,321,884
Impairment of oil and gas properties
-
1,266,046
Depreciation expense
61,583
25,874
Professional fees
209,935
224,388
Project expenditures
415,140
84,622
Total Operating Expenses
2,566,025
3,870,118
Net Operating Loss
(1,639,926)
(3,150,120)
Other Income (Expenses)
Commitment fees
-
(40,000)
Finance charges
(88,014)
(236,748)
Gain on extinguishment of debt
-
4,722
Interest expense
(65,878)
-
Other revenue
19,639
-
Total Other Income (Expenses)
(134,253)
(272,026)
Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss
(1,774,179)
(3,422,146)
Series C Preferred Stock Dividends
(89,064)
(20,308)
Net Loss to Common Shareholders
(1,863,243)
(3,442,454)
Net Loss Per Share, Basic and Diluted
(0.00)
(0.00)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic and Diluted
1,345,906,460
1,139,422,973
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS INC.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholder’s Equity
(Expressed in US dollars)
Common
Additional
Series A Preferred
Common Stock
Stock
Paid-in
Accumulated
Shares
Par Value
Shares
Par Value
Issuable
Capital
Deficit
Total
#
$
#
$
$
$
$
$
Balance - April 30, 2021
500,000
683,084,699
683,085
676,250
12,132,666
(10,836,745)
2,655,756
Common shares issued upon conversion of notes payable
-
-
6,500,000
6,500
(81,250)
74,750
-
-
Common shares issued for services
-
-
19,200,000
19,200
-
175,490
-
194,690
Common shares issued/issuable for cash
-
-
451,550,000
451,550
(595,000)
4,063,950
-
3,920,500
-
-
-
-
-
Common shares issued for conversion of Series A preferred shares
-
-
15,030,769
15,031
-
199,909
-
214,940
Common shares issued for commitment fee
-
-
40,000
40,000
Series C preferred stock dividend
-
-
-
-
-
(20,308)
-
(20,308)
Common shares issued to settle accounts payable
-
-
4,000,000
4,000
-
36,000
-
40,000
Share issuance cost
-
-
-
-
-
(33,166)
-
(33,166)
Net loss for the year
-
-
-
-
-
-
(3,422,146)
(3,422,146)
Balance - April 30, 2022
500,000
1,179,365,468
1,179,366
-
16,669,291
(14,258,891)
3,590,266
Series C preferred stock issued for commitment fee
-
-
-
12,000
-
12,000
Common shares issued for conversion of Series C preferred stock
-
-
350,111,699
350,112
-
(350,112)
-
-
Common shares issued for services
-
-
13,600,000
13,600
-
85,060
-
98,660
Series C preferred stock issued for cash
-
-
-
-
-
374,000
-
374,000
Series C preferred stock dividend
-
-
-
-
-
(89,064)
-
(89,064)
Net loss for the period
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1,774,179)
(1,774,179)
Balance - April 30, 2023
500,000
1,543,077,167
1,543,078
-
16,701,175
(16,033,070)
2,211,683
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Expressed in US dollars)
Year ended
April 30,
$
Year ended
April 30,
$
Operating Activities
Net loss
(1,774,179)
(3,422,146)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of right-of-use asset
52,462
43,155
Depletion expense
464,634
565,726
Depreciation expense
61,583
25,874
Finance costs related to Series C preferred stock
-
228,019
Impairment loss on oil and gas properties
-
1,266,046
Gain on settlement of debt
-
(4,722)
Original issuance discount
68,014
-
Shares issued for commitment fee
12,000
40,000
Shares issued for services
98,660
194,690
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
53,916
(39,084)
Prepaid expenses
28,839
3,553
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
118,736
(3,533)
Operating lease liability
(56,891)
(47,583)
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities
(872,226)
(1,150,005)
Investing Activities
Acquisition of property and equipment
(6,985)
(2,874,425)
Acquisition of oil and gas property
(20,000)
(2,804,595)
Proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties
175,000
-
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
148,015
(5,679,020)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
3,920,500
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred stock
374,000
1,000,000
Proceeds from related party loans
42,000
-
Proceeds from loans payable
410,000
-
Share issuance costs
-
(33,166)
Repayment of convertible debenture
(217,159)
(5,000)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
608,841
4,882,334
Net change in cash
(115,370)
(1,946,691)
Cash - Beginning of Period
141,206
2,087,897
Cash - End of Period
25,836
141,206
Supplemental disclosures
Interest paid
26,056
-
Income tax paid
-
-
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Common stock issued for conversion of convertible debentures
-
81,250
Common stock issued for conversion of Series B preferred stock
-
214,940
Common stock issued for settlement of accounts payable
-
40,000
Series C preferred stock accrued dividend
89,064
20,308
Common stock issued for conversion of Series C preferred stock
350,112
-
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
1.Nature of Operations and Continuance of Business
Verde Bio Holdings Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Nevada on February 24, 2010. Currently, the Company is in the business of oil and gas exploration and investment.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak and any related adverse public health developments, has adversely affected workforces, economies, and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn. The impact on the Company has not been significant but management continues to monitor the situation.
Going Concern
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which implies that the Company will continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $1,774,179 and used cash of $872,226 for operating activities. As at April 30, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of $1,741,434 and an accumulated deficit of $16,033,070. The continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon the continued financial support from its management, and its ability to identify future investment opportunities and obtain the necessary debt or equity financing, and generating profitable operations from the Company’s future operations. The Company will continue to rely on equity sales of its common shares in order to continue to fund business operations. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date these financial statements are issued. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) and are expressed in U.S. dollars. The consolidated financial statements are comprised of the records of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, IP Risk Control Inc., a company incorporated in the State of Nevada. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year end is April 30.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions related to the collectability of accounts receivable relating to oil and gas interests which is based on the operator’s production statements, carrying value of oil and gas properties, the useful life, carrying value, and incremental borrowing rate used for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, fair value of warrant liabilities and stock-based compensation, revenue recognition including the calculation of the reserves and the fair value of the reserves for oil and gas interests, and deferred income tax asset valuation allowances. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(c) Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of issuance to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are covered by FDIC deposit insurance for up to $250,000. As at April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no items representing cash equivalents.
(d) Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable represents amounts owed from customers for services. Amounts are presented net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the existing accounts receivable balance. The Company determines allowance for doubtful accounts based upon historical experience and current economic conditions. The Company reviews the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts on a regular basis.
(e) Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, mineral properties, and purchased intangibles with finite lives (subject to amortization), are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment and ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset; significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; and current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. The Company’s long-lived assets consist of computer software and some oil and gas properties.
Recoverability of assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by an asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. The estimated fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. Any impairment in value is recognized as an expense in the period when the impairment occurs.
(f) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is comprised of land, equipment, vehicles, and leasehold improvements and are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Property and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their expected useful life, with the exception of land which has an unlimited useful life, as follows:
Vehicles
5 years
Equipment
5 years
Leasehold improvements
5 years
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(g) Royalty Interest in Oil and Gas Properties
The Company follows the full cost method of accounting for oil and natural gas operations. Under this approach, all acquisition costs incurred for the purposes of acquiring mineral and royalty interests are capitalized into a full cost pool. Costs associated with general corporate activities are expensed in the period incurred.
Capitalized costs are amortized using the units-of-production method. Under this method, the provision for depletion is calculated by multiplying total production for the period by a depletion rate. The depletion rate is determined by dividing the total unamortized cost base by net equivalent proved reserves at the beginning of the period.
Costs associated with unevaluated properties are excluded from the amortizable cost base until a determination has been made as to the existence of proved reserves. Unevaluated properties are reviewed periodically to determine whether the costs incurred should be reclassified to the full cost pool and subjected to amortization. The costs associated with unevaluated properties primarily consist of acquisition costs and capitalized general and administrative costs. Unevaluated properties are assessed for impairment on an individual basis or as a group if properties are individually insignificant.
The assessment includes consideration of the following factors, among others: expectation of future drilling activity; past drilling results and activity; geological and geophysical evaluations; the assignment of proved reserves; and the economic viability of development if proved reserves are assigned. During any period in which these factors indicate an impairment, the cumulative acquisition costs incurred to date for such property are transferred to the full cost pool and are then subject to amortization. Sales and abandonments of oil and natural gas properties being amortized are accounted for as adjustments to the full cost pool, with no gain or loss recognized unless the adjustments would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves. A significant alteration would not ordinarily be expected to occur upon the sale of reserves involving less than 25% of the reserve quantities of a cost center.
Natural gas volumes are converted to barrels of oil equivalent (Boe) at the rate of six thousand cubic feet (Mcf) of natural gas to one barrel (Bbl) of oil. This convention is not an equivalent price basis and there may be a large difference in value between an equivalent volume of oil versus an equivalent volume of natural gas.
Under the full cost method of accounting, total capitalized costs of oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated depletion and related deferred income taxes, may not exceed an amount equal to the present value of future net revenues from proved reserves, discounted at 10% per annum ("PV-10"), plus the cost of unevaluated properties less related income tax effects (the ceiling limitation). A ceiling limitation is calculated at each reporting period. If total capitalized costs, net of accumulated DD&A and related deferred income taxes are greater than the ceiling limitation, a write-down or impairment of the full cost pool is required. A write-down of the carrying value of the full cost pool is a noncash charge that reduces earnings and impacts equity in the period of occurrence and typically results in lower depletion expense in future periods. Once incurred, a write-down cannot be reversed at a later date. The ceiling limitation calculation is prepared using an unweighted arithmetic average of oil prices ("SEC oil price") and natural gas prices ("SEC gas price") as of the first day of each month for the trailing 12-month period ended April 30, 2023, adjusted by area for energy content, transportation fees and regional price differentials, as required under the guidelines established by the SEC. If applicable, these net wellhead prices would be further adjusted to include the effects of any fixed price arrangements for the sale of oil and natural gas.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(h) Leases
Right-of-Use Asset/Operating Lease
The Company recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease which is measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of the right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liability recognized on the commencement or lease standard adoption date. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over a useful life of the underlying asset.
Operating Lease Liability
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes the operating lease liability as measured by the present value of the lease payments over the term of the lease. Fixed lease payments are included in the present value calculation and variable lease payments are expensed as they are incurred. If an interest rate is not explicit in a lease, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate for a period that closely matches the lease term.
The incremental rate of borrowing at the lease commencement date was used to calculate the present value of the lease liability as the implicit interest rate of the lease is not readily determinable. Subsequent to the recognition of the lease liability on the commencement date the lease liability increases through accretion of interest and decreases as lease payments are made. The carrying amount of the lease liability is remeasured if there is a modification in the term of the lease or in fixed payment amounts.
(i) Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share
The Company computes net loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the income statement. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred stock using the if-converted method. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. As of April 30, 2023, the Company had 984,228,889 (2022 - 143,609,408) potentially dilutive common shares outstanding.
(j) Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures and discloses the estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy prescribed by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The fair value hierarchy has three levels, which are based on reliable available inputs of observable data. The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The three-level hierarchy is defined as follows:
Level 1 - quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;
Level 2 - quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and
Level 3 - fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(j) Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Financial instruments consist principally of cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, notes payable, convertible debentures and amounts due to related parties. The fair value of cash is determined based on Level 1 inputs. There were no transfers into or out of “Level 3” during the years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022. The recorded values of all other financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective relatively short maturity dates or durations.
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
(k) Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from royalties of its oil and gas interests in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, the Company records revenue based on five criteria: (i) identify the contract; (ii) identify separate performance obligations; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price among the performance obligations; and (v) recognize revenues as the performance obligations are satisfied.
As the Company derives its revenues from its royalty interests, it recognizes revenue based on the monthly royalties it receives from the specific operator or broker of each oil and gas interest held by the Company. The Company’s performance obligation is considered complete once the monthly production revenues are calculated and receivable, as the Company is not obligated to perform any additional services to earn its monthly royalty revenue.
Revenues from royalty properties are recorded under the cash receipts approach as directly received from the remitters’ statement accompanying the revenue check. Since the revenue checks are generally received 30 to 90 days after the production month, the Company accrues for revenue earned but not received by estimating production volumes and product prices.
Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations
The Company’s right to royalty income does not originate until production occurs and, therefore, is not considered to exist beyond each day’s production. Therefore, there are no remaining performance obligations under any of the Company’s royalty income contracts.
Contract balances
Under the Company’s royalty income contracts, it would have the right to receive royalty income from the producer once production has occurred, at which point payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Company’s royalty income contracts do not give rise to contract assets or liabilities.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(k) Revenue Recognition (continued)
Prior-period performance obligations
The Company records revenue in the month production is delivered to the purchaser. However, settlement statements for certain oil and gas sales may not be received for 30 to 90 days after the date production is delivered, and as a result, the Company is required to estimate the amount of royalty income to be received based upon the Company’s interest. The Company records the differences between its estimates and the actual amounts received for royalties in the quarter that payment is received from the producer. Identified differences between the Company’s revenue estimates and actual revenue received historically have not been significant. For the years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue recognized in the reporting period related to performance obligations satisfied in prior reporting periods was not material. The Company believes that the pricing provisions of its oil and gas contracts are customary in the industry. To the extent actual volumes and prices of oil and natural gas sales are unavailable for a given reporting period because of timing or information not received from third parties, the royalties related to expected sales volumes and prices for those properties are estimated and recorded.
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company earned $926,099 (2022 - $719,998) of royalty interest related to its oil and gas properties. The amounts earned are estimated based on the receipt of the operator’s statements which is on the production statements for each property.
(l) Stock-based Compensation
The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation and ASC 505, Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all share-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options.
ASC 718 requires company to estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model as its method of determining fair value. This model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These subjective variables include, but are not limited to the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviours. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense in the statement of operations over the requisite service period.
All transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.
(m) Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes”. The asset and liability method provides that deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.
As of April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any amounts recorded pertaining to uncertain tax positions.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
(m) Income Taxes (continued)
The Company files federal and provincial income tax returns in Canada and federal, state and local income tax returns in the U.S., as applicable. The Company may be subject to a reassessment of federal and provincial income taxes by Canadian tax authorities for a period of three years from the date of the original notice of assessment in respect of any particular taxation year. For Canadian and U.S. income tax returns, the open taxation years range from 2016 to 2020. In certain circumstances, the U.S. federal statute of limitations can reach beyond the standard three year period. U.S. state statutes of limitations for income tax assessment vary from state to state. Tax authorities of Canada and U.S. have not examined any of the Company’s, or its subsidiaries’, income tax returns for the open taxation years noted above.
(n) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. These pronouncements did not have any material impact on the financial statements unless otherwise disclosed, and the Company does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
3.Right-of-Use Operating Lease Asset and Lease Liability
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the ROU asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the ROU asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.
On March 11, 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with a sublandlord regarding its office at 5750 Genesis Court, Suite 220, Frisco, Texas 75036. The agreement was treated as an operating lease in accordance with ASC 842, Lease, which resulted in initial recognition of right-of-use asset and lease liability of $122,120. The incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation is 18%.
April 30,
April 30,
$
$
Components of lease expense were as follows:
Operating lease cost
52,462
43,155
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases
66,430
66,430
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
3.Right-of-Use Asset and Lease Liability (continued)
April 30,
April 30,
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets
19,861
72,323
Operating lease liabilities
21,337
78,228
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases
0.41 years
1.41 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases
18%
18%
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Year Ending April 30,
Operating
Leases
Operating
Leases
-
66,430
22,143
22,143
Total lease payments
22,143
88,573
Less: imputed interest
(806)
(10,345)
Total
21,337
78,228
4.Royalty Interests in Oil and Gas Properties
$
$
Opening balance
1,938,140
895,487
Acquisition and exploration cost
20,000
2,874,425
Disposal of mineral property
(175,000)
-
Depletion and impairment expense
(464,634)
(1,831,772)
Closing balance
1,318,506
1,938,140
Year ended April 30, 2023
On August 3, 2022, the Company signed a purchase and sale agreement for 100% of the working interests working subject to an 80% NRI, to certain properties located in Jack County, Texas for cash consideration of $20,000.
On December 9, 2022, The Company signed purchase and sale agreement to dispose of 100% of Verde’s of mineral interests to certain properties located in Adams County, Colorado for cash consideration of $175,000.
Year ended April 30, 2022
On May 4, 2021, the Company signed a purchase and sale agreement to acquire certain mineral interests located in Laramie County, Wyoming for cash consideration of $431,245.
On May 13, 2021, the Company signed a purchase and sale agreement to acquire mineral interests to certain properties located in Colorado and Ohio for cash consideration of $1,100,000.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
On July 16, 2021, the Company signed a purchase and sale agreement to acquire mineral interests to certain properties located in Bienville, Louisiana for cash consideration of $800,000.
On December 9, 2021, the Company acquired certain mineral interests in properties located in Belmont County, Ohio for cash consideration of $175,000.
On February 8, 2022, the Company acquired certain mineral interests in properties located Howard County, Texas for cash consideration of $340,000.
On February 15, 2022, the Company acquired certain mineral interests in properties located in Woods County, Oklahoma for cash consideration of $28,000.
In each of the above deals, different amount of interests were acquired. These interests range anywhere from approximately 0.0003% to 1.68%.
5.Property and Equipment
Land
$
Vehicles
$
Equipment
$
Leasehold Improvements
$
Total
$
Cost
Balance, April 30, 2022
2,501,924
125,595
36,195
140,881
2,804,595
Additions
-
-
6,985
-
6,985
Balance, April 30, 2023
2,501,924
125,595
43,180
140,881
2,811,580
5.Property and Equipment (continued)
Accumulated depreciation
Balance, April 30, 2022
-
12,559
6,271
7,044
25,874
Additions
-
25,120
8,287
28,176
61,583
Balance, April 30, 2023
-
37,679
14,558
35,220
87,457
Balance, April 30, 2022
2,501,924
113,036
29,924
133,837
2,778,721
Balance, April 30, 2023
2,501,924
87,916
28,622
105,661
2,724,123
6. Convertible Loans
On June 3, 2022, the Company entered into a convertible loan agreement with an arms-length party for $200,200 net of original issuance discount of $21,450 and legal fees of $3,750. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company incurred a one-time interest charge of $24,024 upon the closing of the agreement, which has been recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and is required to remit a monthly repayment of $22,422 commencing in July 2022. If the Company defaults on the loan agreement, the outstanding principal balance will increase to 150% of the principal balance owing at the time of default, and the holder has the right to convert the remaining balance outstanding at the time of default at 75% of the lowest trading price of the Company’s common stock for the last 10 trading days prior to default. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company repaid the totality of the convertible loan principal and interest balances.
On January 9, 2023, the Company entered into an additional convertible loan agreement with the same arms-length party for $71,960 net of original issuance discount of $7,710 and legal fees of $4,250. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company incurred a one-time interest charge of $8,635 upon the closing of the agreement, which has been recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and is required to remit a monthly repayment of $8,060 commencing in March 2023. If the Company defaults
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
on the loan agreement, the outstanding principal balance will increase to 150% of the principal balance owing at the time of default, and the holder has the right to convert the remaining balance outstanding at the time of default at 75% of the lowest trading price of the Company’s common stock for the last 10 trading days prior to default. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company repaid a total of $16,119 on the convertible loan, comprised of $14,392 of principal and $1,727 of accrued interest As of April 30, 2023, $57,568 of loan payable balance and $6,908 of accrued interest remain outstanding.
On March 2, 2023, the Company entered into an additional convertible loan agreement with the same arms-length party for $225,874 net of original issuance discount of $24,202 and financing fees of $26,672. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company incurred a one-time interest charge of $27,104 upon the closing of the agreement, which has been recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and is required to remit a monthly repayment of $25,298 commencing in March 2023. If the Company defaults on the loan agreement, the outstanding principal balance will increase to 150% of the principal balance owing at the time of default, and the holder has the right to convert the remaining balance outstanding at the time of default at 75% of the lowest trading price of the Company’s common stock for the last 10 trading days prior to default. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company repaid a total of $25,298 on the convertible loan, comprised of $22,587 of principal and $2,711 of accrued interest. As of April 30, 2023, $203,287 of loan payable balance and $24,393 of accrued interest remain outstanding.
7. Loans Payable
As of April 30, 2023, the Company owed $42,000 (2022 - $nil) to the President and Director of the Company which is non-interest bearing, unsecured, and due on demand.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
8.Related Party Transactions
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company repaid $40,000 (2022 - $nil) for accrued management and consulting fees to the President and Director of the Company.
9.Common Shares
Authorized:5,000,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.001 per share.
Year ended April 30, 2023
On May 10, 2022, the Company issued 8,219,179 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 50 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On May 13, 2022, the Company issued 13,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $96,200 for consulting services.
On May 17, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $750 for consulting services.
On May 26, 2022, the Company issued 18,079,097 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 80 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On June 15, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $680 for consulting services.
On June 16, 2022, the Company issued 19,900,498 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 100 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On July 8, 2022, the Company issued 17,204,302 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 40 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On July 18, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $380 for consulting services.
On July 21, 2022, the Company issued 21,505,377 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 50 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On August 15, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $270 for consulting services.
On August 18, 2022, the Company issued 2,222,223 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 35 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On September 14, 2022 the Company issued 24,000,000 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 45 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On September 22, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $200 for consulting services.
On October 17, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $180 for consulting services.
On November 2, 2022, the Company issued 22,500,000 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 27 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On December 14, 2022, the Company issued 25,000,000 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 30 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On January 9, 2023, the Company issued 17,142,858 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 18 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On January 19, 2023, the Company issued 34,782,609 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 30 shares of Series C preferred stock.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
9.Common Shares (continued)
Year ended April 30, 2023 (continued)
On February 10, 2023, the Company issued 46,666,667 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 35 shares of Series C preferred stock.
On April 4, 2023, the Company issued 72,888,889 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 41 shares of Series C preferred stock.
Year ended April 30, 2022
Between May 3, 2021 to June 10, 2021, the Company issued 451,550,000 common shares at $0.01 per common share for proceeds of $4,515,500, of which $595,000 was received as at April 30, 2021. As part of the financing, the Company paid share issuance costs of $33,166 which is recorded as a charge against additional paid-in capital.
On May 4, 4021, the Company issued 3,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $45,300 for consulting services.
On May 13, 2021, the Company issued 15,030,769 common shares pursuant to the conversion of 195,400 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock. Refer to Note 9.
On May 14, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,330 for consulting services.
On May 17, 2021, the Company issued 1,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $10,000 for legal services.
On June 21, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,400 for consulting services.
On July 15, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,080 for consulting services.
On July 22, 2021, the Company issued 3,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $30,000 for consulting services.
On August 3, 2021, the Company issued 1,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $10,300 for consulting services.
On August 16, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,020 for consulting services.
On September 20, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,470 for consulting services.
On October 15, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,940 for consulting services.
On November 15, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,320 for consulting services.
On December 15, 2021, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $970 for consulting services.
On January 11, 2022, the Company issued 2,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $22,600 to the spouse of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company for services.
On January 17, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,120 for consulting services.
On February 15, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $850 for consulting services.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
9.Common Shares (continued)
Year ended April 30, 2022 (continued)
On March 15, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $1,030 for consulting services.
On April 15, 2022, the Company issued 100,000 common shares with a fair value of $860 for consulting services.
On April 18, 2022, the Company issued 12,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $102,000 for consulting services.
10.Preferred Shares
Authorized: 500,000 Series A preferred shares with a par value of $0.001 per Series A share
7,600 Series C preferred shares with a par value of $0.001 per Series C share
Convertible Preferred Series A stock
On April 18, 2017, the Company designated 500,000 shares of preferred stock as Series A. The holders of Series A preferred shares are entitled to receive dividends equal to the amount of the dividend or distribution per share of common stock payable multiplied by the number of shares of common stock the shares of Series A preferred shares held by such holder are convertible into. Each Series A preferred shares is convertible into one common share. Each holder of Series A preferred shares is entitled to cast 10,000 votes for every one Series A preferred share held.
Convertible Preferred Series C stock
On December 3, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “December Agreement”) with an arms-length party for the issuance of up to 1,000 shares of convertible preferred Series C stock (“Series C”) for $1,000,000 based on the stated value of $1,000 per share. Under the December Agreement, the Company has a put option with regards to the Series C shares. Under the terms of the December Agreement, the Series C shares are non-redeemable, subject to annual dividend payments of 10% and are convertible into common stock of the Company at a discount to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of the notice of conversion from the note holder. In addition to the Series C shares, the Company issued an additional 40 Series C shares, with a fair value of $40,000, to the note holder as a commitment fee on the Agreement. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company issued 350,111,699 common shares upon the conversion of 581 Series C preferred stock. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company issued 150 Series C preferred stock for 143,000, net of issuance and transaction costs of $7,000. As at April 30, 2023, 609 (April 30, 2022 - 1,040) shares of Series C preferred stock remained unpurchased and outstanding under the December Agreement.
On May 24, 2022, the Company entered into an additional securities purchase agreement (the “May Agreement”) with an arms-length party for the issuance of up to 250 shares of convertible preferred Series C stock for $250,000. Under the May Agreement, the Company has a put option with regards to the Series C shares. Under the terms of the May Agreement, the Series C shares are entitled to receive dividends at 8% per annum and are convertible into common stock of the Company at a discount to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of the notice of conversion from the note holder. During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company issued 236 Series C preferred stock for proceeds of $231,000 net of issuance and transaction costs of $5,000.
The Series C preferred stock and the accrued dividends relating to the stock are classified as temporary equity. As at April 30, 2023, the Company had 845 (April 30, 2022 - 1,040) shares of Series C stock with a carrying value of $1 (April 30, 2022 - $1) and recorded accrued dividend payable of $109,372 (April 30, 2022 - $20,308) which is included in temporary equity and offset against additional paid in capital.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
10.Preferred Shares (continued)
In addition to the Series C stock, the Company issued 61,885,671 warrants on December 8, 2021 with a conversion price of $0.01067 per share for a period of five years and 63,157,895 warrants on January 27, 2022 with a conversion price of $0.01045 per share for a period of five years. The fair value of the warrants was $1,228,018 based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model assuming an expected life of 5 years, volatility of 314-318%, risk-free rate of 1.2-1.7%, and no expected dividends. The fair value of the warrants was treated as a liability as it met the conditions of a liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. As the fair value of the warrants were greater than the gross proceeds received on the issuance of the Series C shares, the excess difference of $228,019 was recorded in the statement of operations as a finance cost.
11. Share Purchase Warrants
Number of
warrants
Weighted average exercise price
$
Balance, April 30, 2022 and 2023
125,043,566
0.01
Additional information regarding share purchase warrants as of April 30, 2023 is as follows:
Outstanding and exercisable
Range of
Exercise Prices
$
Number of Warrants
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
0.01
125,043,566
3.7
12. Commitments and Contingencies
On May 28, 2020, the Company and an unrelated party entered into equity financing agreement, whereby the investor agreed to invest up to $5,000,000 over the period of 36 months pursuant to a “put” option held by the Company, subject to certain limitations. The price of the common shares shall be equal to 80% of the lowest traded price during the last 10 trading days leading up to each put notice, subject to a floor of $0.001 per share. As part of the agreement, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to the unrelated party to offset transaction costs of $20,000, which was deemed as earned upon the execution of the agreement. The note is convertible into common stock of the Company at a fixed price of $0.01, which equals the lowest traded price for the common stock on the trading day preceding the execution of the note. The purchase of the shares are subject to a “put” option held by the Company. As at April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022, no common shares have been sold pursuant to the equity financing agreement.
During the year ended April 30, 2023, the Company recorded $90,000 as accrued liabilities with respect to SEC penalties imposed on the Company with respect to issuance of additional common shares not covered by a registration statement. The amounts were paid subsequent to April 30, 2023.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
13. Income Taxes
The Company has $10,969,875 of net operating losses carried forward to offset taxable income in future years which expire commencing in fiscal 2030. The income tax benefit differs from the amount computed by applying the US federal income tax rate of 21% to net loss before income taxes for the year ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 as a result of the following:
$
$
Net loss before taxes
(1,774,179)
(3,422,146)
Statutory rate
21%
21%
Computed expected tax recovery
(372,577)
(718,651)
Permanent differences and other
-
(991)
Change in valuation allowance
372,577
719,642
Income tax provision
-
-
The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as at April 30, 2023 and 2022 after applying enacted corporate income tax rates are as follows:
$
$
Net operating losses carried forward
2,301,574
1,928,996
Total gross deferred income tax assets
2,301,574
1,928,996
Valuation allowance
(2,301,574)
(1,928,996)
Net deferred tax asset
-
-
Future tax benefits, which may arise as a result of these losses, have not been recognized in these financial statements, and have been offset by a valuation allowance. As at April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company has no uncertain tax positions.
14. Reserve and Related Financial Data - unaudited
Oil and Gas Reserves
Proved reserves represent quantities of oil and natural gas reserves which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations. Proved developed reserves are proved reserves which can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment, infrastructure, and operating methods. Proved reserves were estimated in accordance with guidelines established by the SEC, which require that reserve estimates be prepared under existing economic and operating conditions based upon the 12-month unweighted average of the first-day-of-the-month prices.
The reserves as at April 30, 2023 presented below were audited by MIRE Petroleum Consultants. Estimates of proved reserves are inherently imprecise and are continually subject to revision based on production history, results of additional exploration and development, price changes, and other factors. The reserves are located in various fields located in the states of Oklahoma, Louisiana, West Virginia, Colorado, Texas, North Dakota, and Wyoming. All of the proved reserves are located in the continental United States.
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
14. Reserve and Related Financial Data - unaudited (continued)
Crude Oil
(Mbbl)
Natural Gas
(MMcf)
Total
(kBoe)
Proved reserves, April 30, 2021
28,606
422,146
98,964
Acquisition
3,668
42,705
10,785
Production
(5,134)
(117,911)
(24,786)
Proved reserves, April 30, 2022
27,140
346,940
84,963
Acquisition
2,921
109,396
21,154
Production
(3,471)
(141,136)
(26,994)
Proved reserves, April 30, 2023
26,590
315,200
79,123
Proved developed reserve quantities
26,590
315,200
79,123
Proved undeveloped reserve quantities
11,550
56,650
20,992
Total developed and undeveloped reserves
38,140
371,850
100,115
Standardized Measure of Discounted Net Cash Flows
Guidelines prescribed in FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932 Extractive Industries-Oil and Gas (“ASC Topic 932”), have been followed for computing a standardized measure of future net cash flows and changes therein relating to estimated proved reserves. Future cash inflows are determined by applying prices and costs, including transportation, quality, and basis differentials, to the year-end estimated quantities of oil, natural gas and NGLs to be produced in the future. The resulting future net cash flows are reduced to present value amounts by applying a ten percent annual discount factor.
The assumptions used to compute the standardized measure are those prescribed by the FASB and the SEC. These assumptions do not necessarily reflect the Company’s expectations of actual revenues to be derived from those reserves, nor their present value. The limitations inherent in the reserve quantity estimation process, as discussed previously, are equally applicable to the standardized measure computations since these reserve quantity estimates are the basis for the valuation process. Reserve estimates are inherently imprecise and estimates of new discoveries and undeveloped locations are more imprecise than estimates of established proved producing oil and gas properties. Accordingly, these estimates are expected to change as future information becomes available.
The following table sets forth the discounted future net cash flows attributable to the Company’s proved oil and natural gas reserves as at April 30, 2023 based on the standardized measure prescribed in ASC Topic 932:
April 30,
$
April 30,
$
Future cash inflows
4,538,300
3,979,200
Future income tax expense
(406,100)
(397,700)
Future net cash flows
4,132,200
3,581,500
10% annual discount
(1,801,400)
(1,441,700)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
2,330,800
2,139,800
VERDE BIO HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Expressed in US dollars)
14. Reserve and Related Financial Data - unaudited (continued)
The following prices were used in the determination of the standardized measure:
April 30,
$
April 30,
$
Oil (per Bbl)
89.00
76.11
Natural Gas (per Mcf)
5.67
4.14
Principal changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows attributable to the Company’s proved reserves are as follows:
April 30,
$
April 30,
$
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, beginning of period
2,139,800
2,347,800
Purchase of minerals and reserves in place
Timing difference and other
191,000
(208,000)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, end of period
2,330,800
2,139,800
15. Subsequent Events
(a)On May 1, 2023, the Company issued 12 shares of its Series C preferred stock for proceeds of $11,000.
(b)On May 10, 2023, the Company received a loan of $525,000 from the President and Director of the Company which is non-interest bearing, unsecured, and due on demand.
(c)On May 12, 2023, the Company repaid in full both of its remaining outstanding convertible debentures.
(d)On May 23, 2023, the Company issued 70,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $25,200 relating to the conversion of 21 shares of Series C preferred stock.
(e)On June 1, 2023, the Company sold its’ 55% right, title and interest to certain oil and gas properties located in Desoto Parish, Belmont County, and Laramie County for proceeds of $398,750.
(f)On July 10, 2023, the Company issued 70,000,000 common shares with a fair value of $35,000 for the conversion of 21 shares of Series C preferred stock.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of April 30, 2023 Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, and in light of the material weaknesses found in our internal controls over financial reporting, our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective for the reasons discussed below.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2023 using the criteria established in " Internal Control - Integrated Framework - 2013" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO").
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2023 the Company determined that there were control deficiencies that constituted material weaknesses, as described below.
1. We do not have an Audit Committee - While not being legally obligated to have an audit committee, it is the management's view that such a committee, including a financial expert member, is an utmost important entity level control over the Company's financial statement. Currently the Board of Directors acts in the capacity of the Audit Committee and does not include a member that is considered to be independent of management to provide the necessary oversight over management's activities.
2. We did not maintain appropriate cash controls - As of April 30, 2023, the Company has not maintained sufficient internal controls over financial reporting for the cash process, including failure to segregate cash handling and accounting functions, and did not require dual signature on the Company's bank accounts. Alternatively, the effects of poor cash controls were mitigated by the fact that the Company had limited transactions in their bank accounts.
3. We did not implement appropriate information technology controls - As of April 30, 2023, the Company retains copies of all financial data and material agreements; however there is no formal procedure or evidence of normal backup of the Company's data or off-site storage of the data in the event of theft, misplacement, or loss due to unmitigated factors.
4. We do not have sufficient monitoring and review controls with respect to accounting for complex transactions.
5. We have a lack of sufficient controls over financial reporting and day to day accounting, including oversight, monitoring and review, primarily from limited personnel and segregation of duties.
Accordingly, the Company concluded that these control deficiencies resulted in a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by the company's internal controls.
As a result of the material weaknesses described above, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting were not effective as of April 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with our evaluation we conducted of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2023, that occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Continuing Remediation Efforts to address deficiencies in Company's Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Once the Company is engaged in a business of merit and has sufficient personnel available, then our Board of Directors, in particular and in connection with the aforementioned deficiencies, will establish the following remediation measures:
1. Our Board of Directors will nominate an audit committee or a financial expert on our Board of Directors in the next fiscal year.
2. We will appoint additional personnel to assist with the preparation of the Company's monthly financial reporting, including preparation of the monthly bank reconciliations.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.
Identification of Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth the names and ages of our current directors and executive officers:
Name
Age
Position with the Company
Since
Scott Cox
Director, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary
2019(1)
(1) Mr. Cox was appointed as Chief Executive Officer and Secretary effective November 22, 2019 and as the sole director effective January 06, 2020.
The board of directors has no nominating, audit or compensation committee at this time.
Term of Office
Each of our directors is appointed to hold office until the next annual meeting of our shareholders or until his respective successor is elected and qualified, or until he resigns or is removed in accordance with the provisions of the Nevada Revised Statues. Our officers are appointed by our Board of Directors and hold office until removed by the Board or until their resignation.
Background and Business Experience
The business experience during the past five years of the person presently listed above as an Officer or Director of the Company is as follows:
Scott Cox- Director, Chief Executive Officer - Mr. Cox has over 20 years of experience in the management and operations of public and private companies. Most recently, Scott served as the President and COO of NewBridge Global Ventures, Inc, (OTC: NBGV) from October 2017 to September 2018, where he led a transition into the legal cannabis space and successful reverse merger with a family owned consortium of companies. Since October 2015, Mr. Cox has served as a Principal in Basin Capital, Inc., a private family office focused on the acquisition and divestiture of oil and gas properties and various entrepreneurial ventures. Prior to Basin Capital, from July 2013 to October 2015, Mr. Cox served as Vice President of Land for Breitling Energy Corporation (OTC: BECC) where he was instrumental in acquiring over $20 million in producing and non-producing oil and gas properties. Prior to that he served as Director of Operations for Frontier Oilfield Services, Inc from September 2012 where he helped lead a public company acquisition and roll-up of 2 privately owned oilfield service companies. Mr. Cox attended Eastern New Mexico University where he studied Business Administration.
Identification of Significant Employees
The Company has three (3) full time employees, including our Chief Executive Officer. We also use consultants and independent contractors on a case-to-case basis.
Family Relationship
We currently do not have any officers or directors of our Company who are related to each other.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
During the past ten years no director, executive officer, promoter or control person of the Company has been involved in the following:
(1) petition under the Federal bankruptcy laws or any state insolvency law which was filed by or against, or a receiver, fiscal agent or similar officer was appointed by a court for the business or property of such person, or
any partnership in which he was a general partner at or within two years before the time of such filing, or any corporation or business association of which he was an executive officer at or within two years before the time of such filing;
(2)Such person was convicted in a criminal proceeding or is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);
(3)Such person was the subject of any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from, or otherwise limiting, the following activities:
i.Acting as a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, floor broker, leverage transaction merchant, any other person regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or an associated person of any of the foregoing, or as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker or dealer in securities, or as an affiliated person, director or employee of any investment company, bank, savings and loan association or insurance company, or engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with such activity;
ii.Engaging in any type of business practice; or
iii.Engaging in any activity in connection with the purchase or sale of any security or commodity or in connection with any violation of Federal or State securities laws or Federal commodities laws;
(4)Such person was the subject of any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any Federal or State authority barring, suspending or otherwise limiting for more than 60 days the right of such person to engage in any activity described in paragraph (f)(3)(i) of this section, or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;
(5)Such person was found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commission to have violated any Federal or State securities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the Commission has not been subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated;
(6)Such person was found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated any Federal commodities law, and the judgment in such civil action or finding by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has not been subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated;
(7)Such person was the subject of, or a party to, any Federal or State judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of:
i.Any Federal or State securities or commodities law or regulation; or
ii.Any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order; or
iii.Any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity.
(8)Such person was the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26))), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1(a)(29))), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Company does not have an audit committee or an audit committee financial expert (as defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K) serving on its Board of Directors. All current members of the Board of Directors lack sufficient
financial expertise for overseeing financial reporting responsibilities. The Company has not yet employed an audit committee financial expert on its Board due to the inability to attract such a person.
The Company intends to establish an audit committee of the board of directors, which will consist of independent directors. The audit committee's duties will be to recommend to the Company's board of directors the engagement of an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company's financial statements and to review the Company's accounting and auditing principles. The audit committee will review the scope, timing and fees for the annual audit and the results of audit examinations performed by the internal auditors and independent registered public accounting firm, including their recommendations to improve the system of accounting and internal controls. The audit committee will at all times be composed exclusively of directors who are, in the opinion of the Company's board of directors, free from any relationship which would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment as a committee member and who possess an understanding of financial statements and generally accepted accounting principles.
Code of Ethics
Our Board of Directors has not adopted a code of ethics due to the fact that we presently only have one director who also serves as the sole executive officer of the Company and the Board of Directors chose not to reduce to writing standards designed to deter wrongdoing and promote honest and ethical conduct. The Board of Directors believes that the Company's small size and the limited number of personnel who are responsible for its operations make a formal Code of Ethics unnecessary. We anticipate that we will adopt a code of ethics when we increase either the number of our directors and officers or the number of our employees.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of change in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent stockholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely upon a review of Forms 3 and 4 and amendments thereto furnished to us under Rule 16a-3(e) during the year ended April 30, 202, and the representations made by the reporting persons to us, we believe that during the year ended April 30, 2022 our executive officers and directors and all persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth the compensation paid to our executive officers during the twelve-month periods ended April 30, 2023 and 2022:
Summary Compensation Table
Officer/
Position
Fiscal Year Ended 4/30
Salary ($)
Bonus ($)
Stock Awards ($)
Option Awards ($)
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)
All Other Compensation ($)
Total ($)
Scott Cox (Director, President Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary & Treasurer)
180,000
190,000
$370,000
185,000
40,000
$225,000
Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table
There are no employment contracts, compensatory plans or arrangements, including payments to be received from the Company with respect to any executive officer, that would result in payments to such person because of his or her resignation, retirement or other termination of employment with the Company, or its subsidiaries, any change in control, or a change in the person's responsibilities following a change in control of the Company.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The Company has not issued any equity compensation any officer or director.
Long-Term Incentive Plans
There are no arrangements or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers.
Compensation Committee
We currently do not have a compensation committee of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors as a whole determines executive compensation.
Compensation of Directors
Our directors receive no extra compensation for their service on our Board of Directors.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The following table sets forth certain information concerning the number of shares of our common stock and preferred stock owned beneficially as of July 29, 2023 by: (i) each of our directors; (ii) each of our named executive officers; and (iii) each person or group known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock. Unless otherwise indicated, the shareholders listed below possess sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares they own. As of July 29, 2023, we had 1,277,573,921 shares of common stock and 500,000 shares of convertible Series A preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Title of Class
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership(1)
Percent of Class (2)
Common Stock
Scott Cox(3)
PO Box 67
Jacksboro Texas 76458
22,000,000
1.31%
All Officers and Directors as a Group
22,000,000
1.31%
Series A Preferred Stock
Scott Cox(3)
PO Box 67
Jacksboro Texas 76458
500,000
100%
All Officers and Directors as a Group (1 Person)
500,000
100%
(1)The number and percentage of shares beneficially owned is determined under rules of the SEC and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares as to which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also any shares which the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of any stock option or other right. The persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where applicable and the information contained in the footnotes to this table.
(2)Based on 1,683,077,167.00 issued and outstanding shares of common stock and 500,000 shares of Series A Preferred stock as of July 29, 2027.
(3)Scott Cox is the sole officer of the Company.
Changes in Control
None.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
Related Party Transactions
Other than as set forth in Note 5 to the Financial Statements, none of the directors or executive officers of the Company, nor any person who owned of record or was known to own beneficially more than 5% of the Company's outstanding shares of its Common Stock, nor any associate or affiliate of such persons or companies, has any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction that has occurred during the past fiscal year, or in any proposed transaction, which has materially affected or will affect the Company.
With regard to any future related party transaction, we plan to fully disclose any and all related party transactions in the following manner:
•Disclosing such transactions in reports where required;
•Disclosing in any and all filings with the SEC, where required;
•Obtaining disinterested directors consent; and
•Obtaining shareholder consent where required.
Please refer to Note 5 of the Financial Statements.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
Year Ended
April 30, 2023
Year Ended
April 30, 2022
Audit fees
$
69,500
$
60,300
Audit-related fees
$
5,005
$
7,519
Tax fees
$
2,470
$
4,470
All other fees
$
$
Total
$
76,975
$
72,289
Audit Fees
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, we incurred approximately $69,500 in fees to our principal independent accountants for professional services rendered in connection with the audit and reviews of our financial statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, we incurred approximately $60,300 in fees to our principal independent accountants for professional services rendered in connection with the audit and reviews of our financial statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022.
Audit-Related Fees
The aggregate fees billed during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 for assurance and related services by our principal independent accountants that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements (and are not reported under Item 9(e)(1)) of Schedule 14A was $5,005 and $7,519, respectively.
Tax Fees
The aggregate fees billed during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 for professional services rendered by our principal accountant tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning were $2,470 and $4,470, respectively.
All Other Fees
The aggregate fees billed during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 and 2022 for products and services provided by our principal independent accountants (other than the services reported in Items 9(e)(1) through 9(e)(3) of Schedule 14A was $0 and $0, respectively for assistance with the preparation of our financial statements.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS.
(a) Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibit
Filing
3.01
Amended and Restated
Articles of Incorporation
Filed previously
3.02
Bylaws
Filed with the SEC on June 11, 2010 as part of our Registration Statement on Form S-1.
10.2
Consent of Mire Petroleum **
Filed herewith
10.3
Reserve Report**
Filed herewith
31.01
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14
Filed herewith.
31.02
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14
Filed herewith.
32.01
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Filed herewith.
32.02
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Filed herewith.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.