EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 50292
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 50292_10-K_2023_0001213900-23-050974.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business:
IEH Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “IEH” or the “Company”) began operations in New York, New York in 1941 and was incorporated as a New York corporation in March 1943, when Louis Offerman founded L. Offerman Tool & Die with his two sons, Bernard and Seymour.
In the late 1960’s, IEH bought a license to manufacture HYPERBOLOID sockets, and began making printed circuit board (“PCB”) connectors for the military and aerospace industries, in accordance with the MIL-DTL-55302 military specification. We have been making these connectors and variations of them ever since, and today, we are one of the leaders in HYPERBOLOID connectors and contacts.
In use for nearly 50 years under demanding conditions, HYPERBOLOID technology has proven itself to be the leading design for integrity and reliability. On avionics platforms, military and commercial aerospace equipment, engine control systems, missiles and torpedoes, vehicular electronics, satellites and rocket launchers, medical devices, industrial and environmental controls, test equipment, pin grid array (“PGA”) sockets and countless other rugged applications, HYPERBOLOID aims to be the highest reliability connector available.
At IEH, we design and manufacture HYPERBOLOID connectors that not only accommodate, but exceed military and aerospace specification standards. Years after inception, our HYPERBOLOID solutions continue to prove their reliability and benefits. Our engineers have long provided reliable and innovative HYPERBOLOID interconnect solutions for defense, commercial, aerospace and medical use.
We are a family managed business, as Louis’ great-grandson David is the President and Chief Executive Officer, and we believe that we still manufacture the highest quality products for the most demanding environments. But most importantly, we are always looking ahead. We are committed to developing new technology that meets the demands of our fast-paced customers, and we are steadfast about always exceeding our customers’ expectations.
IEH serves customers in the United States and internationally. Our customers include defense contractors, commercial aerospace equipment manufacturers, medical device manufacturers, oil and gas exploration firms, and commercial space launch companies. We sell both directly and through distributors. We maintain a Military Specification QPL (Qualified Product Listing), and an ISO (International Standards Organization) 9001:2015 Certification.
For the fiscal years ending March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, approximately 59.1%, 60.8% and 59.5%, respectively, of the Company’s sales were for defense applications, 14.7%, 21.4% and 26.2%, respectively, for commercial aerospace, and 26.2%, 17.8%, 17.8%, respectively, for the remainder for commercial space launch, medical, oil and gas and industrial markets.
New Product Development:
IEH continues to expand the scope and range of its PCB connector offerings. We have also increased the breadth of our products by introducing high-speed connectors for data transmission, as well as hybrid power/signal connectors. New product developments are primarily driven by customer demand. IEH also continues to specialize in custom interconnects designed specifically for customer applications. Our engineers work in conjunction with customer engineers to create, refine and manufacture connectors and interconnect solutions that meet their specific, demanding needs. IEH engineers are renowned for their flexibility and creativity in solving customer interconnect challenges and providing innovative solutions.
Marketing and Sales:
The market for connectors and interconnect devices, domestic and worldwide, is highly fragmented as a result of the manufacture by many companies of a multitude of different types and varieties of connectors and interconnects. For example, connectors include: printed wiring board, rectangular I/O, circular, planar (“IOC”) RF coaxial, IC socket and fiber optic. The Company has been servicing a niche in the market by manufacturing connectors containing HYPERBOLOID contact designs in the printed wiring board style of connectors.
The Company is continuously experimenting with innovative connection designs, which may cause it to alter its marketing plans in the future if a market should develop for any of its current or future innovative designs. The Company is continually reviewing product lines being sold in the connector and interconnect marketplace. We are committed to expanding our product offering and we consider that many of our current or future custom designs will become product lines.
The Company’s products are marketed to Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”) directly and through authorized representatives and distributors serving primarily the Military, Aerospace, Medical, Space, Industrial, Test Equipment and Commercial Electronics markets. The Company is also involved in developing new connectors for specific uses, which result from changes in technology. The Company assists customers in the development and design of connectors for specific customer applications. This service is marketed to customers who require the development of connectors and interconnection devices specially designed to accommodate the customers’ own products.
The Company is primarily a manufacturer and its products are essentially basic components of larger assemblies of finished goods. During the year ended March 31, 2022, approximately 37.1% of the Company’s total net sales represented three customers, and consists individually of 12.5%, 12.3% and 12.3%. During the year ended March 31, 2021, approximately 36.0% of the Company’s total net sales represented three customers, and consists individually of 17.34%, 10.38% and 8.28%. During the year ended March 31, 2020, approximately 36.6% of the Company’s total net sales represented three customers, and consists individually of 13.6%, 13.1% and 9.9%.
The Company currently employs 22 independent sales organizations to market its products in all regions in the United States as well as in Canada, the European Union (“EU”), Southeast Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. These independent sales representatives also promote the product lines of other electronics manufacturers; however, they do not promote the product lines of manufacturers which compete directly with the Company’s products. These sales representatives accounted for approximately 75% of Company’s net sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 (with the balance of Company net sales being generated via direct customer contact).
International sales accounted for approximately 23.8%, 23.3% and 18.4% of net sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Approximately 68.2%, 85.8% and 47.0% of the aforementioned international net sales for fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, represent sales to customers located in China.
We also market our products and capabilities through our website, www.iehcorp.com. Our product series HBH Hybrid Power/Signal HYPERBOLOID Connectors, has a configuration tool that allows users to build their own hybrid connector and download 3D models to incorporate into their modules.
Backlog of Orders/Capital Requirements:
Our customers typically enter into supply arrangements for the purchase of our products which we will produce and deliver over time. On an as-needed basis, our customers place specific production orders, and these orders are generally filled and ship within two weeks. Our backlog consists of supply arrangements where the anticipated unfulfilled shipping dates are within approximately twelve months. Because of the possibility of customer changes in delivery schedules or the cancellation of orders, our backlog as of any particular date may not be indicative of revenue in any future period. The backlog amounted to approximately $7,909,000 at March 31, 2022 as compared to $13,673,000 at March 31, 2021 and $21,552,000 at March 31, 2020. The decrease in total backlog as of March 31, 2022 compared with the previous years is primarily due to macro reductions in aerospace demand, driven in large part by the grounding of the Boeing 737 Max jet and reduced commercial airline travel during the pandemic.
A portion of these backlog orders are subject to cancellation or postponement of delivery dates and, therefore, no assurance can be given that actual sales will result from these orders. The Company does not foresee any problems which would prevent it from fulfilling these orders. However, the continuing uncertainty regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the commercial airline industry is expected and may continue to impact sales order backlog growth in that market into fiscal 2024.
Forward Looking Business Trends:
Impact of COVID-19 and Other Factors:
Since early 2020, the world has been, and continues to be, impacted by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In 2020 and continuing into 2021, COVID-19 (including its variants and mutations) and measures to prevent its spread disrupted our business in a number of ways, including strains on supply chains, and general economic conditions. For example, recent supply shortages for parts produced by other manufacturers in the end product in which our product is used we believe has caused delays in ordering our products. Although restrictions in the United States have largely been lifted, international countries, such as China, continue to experience disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic. If new COVID-19 variants emerge or the additional governmental restrictions are imposed domestically or internationally, our business may be harmed. For example, in the future, the COVID-19 pandemic may cause reduced demand for certain products we provide. We are not able to predict the full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial and operating results and how the COVID-19 pandemic will evolve domestically and internationally.
During fiscal 2022, the effects of COVID-19 continued to have an impact on the Company’s results of operations. The Company has been impacted by delays in receiving orders and obtaining materials required to produce certain products. As sales volumes have fluctuated, the Company has taken measures to reduce costs. Additionally, our operations are subject to global economic and geopolitical risks. For example, while the Company does not have a presence in these regions, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has impacted economic activity as well as the availability and price of raw materials and energy. The Company continues to actively monitor these factors and find ways to mitigate the impact on its operations.
For additional information on risk factors that could impact our results, please refer to “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
Competition:
The design, development, manufacture and distribution of electrical connectors and interconnection devices is a highly competitive field. The Company principally competes with both large and small companies who also produce high performance connectors in printed circuits and wiring boards for high technology applications, of which approximately ten companies are known by us. The Company competes by adapting certain technologies to meet specific product applications, aiming to produce connectors cost-effectively, and through its production capabilities. In addition, there are many companies who offer connectors with designs similar to those utilized by the Company and are direct competitors of the Company.
The primary basis upon which the Company competes is product performance and production capabilities. The Company usually receives job orders after submitting bids pursuant to customer-issued specifications for connectors and interconnects. The Company’s bid can be for a new item that requires the item to perform under harsh environment requirements or it can be for a standard catalog item. The Company also offers engineering services to its customers in designing and developing connectors for specialized products and specific customer applications. This enables the Company to receive a competitive advantage over those companies who basically manufacture connectors based solely or primarily on cataloged specifications.
Some of the Company’s competitors may have greater financial resources than the Company and no assurances can be given that the Company will be able to compete effectively with these companies in the future.
Suppliers of Raw Materials and Component Parts:
The Company utilizes a variety of raw materials and manufactured component parts, which it purchases from various suppliers. These materials and components are available from numerous sources and the Company does not believe that it will have a problem obtaining such materials and parts in the future.
However, any delay in the Company’s ability to obtain necessary raw materials and component parts may affect its ability to meet customer production needs. In anticipation of such delays, the Company carries an inventory of raw materials and component parts to avoid shortages and to insure continued production. However, as global supply chains continue to be constrained, there can be no certainty that we will not be affected in the future, and we believe that there is risk that raw materials and supply chains will continue to be affected in 2023.
Additionally, while some macro-economic indicators available as of the date of this filing suggest that inflation may be slowing, inflationary pressures impact virtually all aspects of our materials and suppliers, including power prices and labor costs, and are likely to impact our fiscal year 2023 results.
Human Capital Management:
Our employees are our greatest resource and an integral component to our operations. Their health, safety and well-being is a priority for us.
Talent
We are focused on sourcing, attracting, and retaining talent, especially those with technical backgrounds. We recognize and reward performance while continually working to develop, engage and retain high-performing employees. We have made significant investments to provide ongoing training and career development for our employees. We provide competitive compensation and comprehensive benefits.
As of March 31, 2022, we employed approximately 184 people of which 183 are full-time employees. Most of the employees engaged in manufacturing and testing activities are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the United Auto Workers of America, Local 259 (the “Union”), which expires on March 31, 2024. The Company believes that it has a good relationship with its employees and the Union and has not experienced any significant work stoppages or other labor problems.
Diversity and Inclusion
We treat each other with respect and value each individual’s unique perspective and background. We are committed to a culture where everyone belongs and diversity and inclusion drives business results. Diversity is crucial to our ongoing success to manage our business.
Safety/Health and Wellness
We are committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment for our employees. Aligned with our values, we strive to continuously monitor our work environment to keep our employees safe. We have an open-door policy for all employees to report concerns or safety issues. Our commitment to employee safety also include ongoing safety communications with safety topics and providing safety training.
Governmental Regulations:
The Company is subject to federal regulations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (“OSHA”) and the Defense Supply Command Columbus (“DSCC”).
OSHA provides federal guidelines and specifications to companies in order to insure the health and safety of employees.
DSCC oversees the quality and specifications of products and components manufactured and sold to the government and the defense industry. DSCC’s primary customer is the U.S. military. Many of our products appear on the DSCC Qualified Products Listing (“QPL”). To remain qualified, the Company submits its products to an outside testing laboratory which performs all required testing. After review by the Company of the testing results the data is then submitted to the DSCC. The Company and its products are only approved and remain on the QPL if the Company has passed all testing requirements. Although DSCC continuously requires suppliers to meet changing specifications, the Company has not encountered any significant problems meeting such specifications and its products have, in the past, been approved. The Company is unaware of any changes in the Government’s regulations which are expected to materially affect the Company’s business.
Available Information
Our website is www.iehcorp.com. On our website we make available at no cost our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors:
In evaluating our company and our business, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, revenue, financial condition, results of operations or future prospects, in which case the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. The material and other risks and uncertainties summarized in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and described below are not intended to be exhaustive and are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including the risks described below. See the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.
Risks Related to Our Business:
We operate in a niche industry and our business results may vary from year to year depending upon, among other things, the nature of the ordering cycle of our products which makes it hard to predict demand for our business and may adversely impact our business and results of operations.
We manufacture PCB connector offerings for specialized applications and our customers include defense contractors, commercial aerospace equipment manufacturers, medical device manufacturers, oil and gas exploration firms, and commercial space launch companies. Our products are typically a small part in a larger end product used by our customers. Supply shortages or other factors impacting third party suppliers that supply different parts to our customers for use in the same end product in which our product is used can impact demand for our products. For example, recent supply shortages for parts produced by other manufacturers in the end product in which our product is used we believe has caused delays in ordering our products. In addition, due to the specialized nature of our products, we often manufacture limited quantities of our products. Since we are producing customized products in smaller quantities, we are not able to achieve economies of scale, we are unable to obtain bulk discounts on our orders for raw materials and sometimes the fulfillment of the supply of the raw materials used in our products is delayed because our suppliers may prioritize larger orders. All of these factors may have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
In addition, the ultimate end product in which our products are used have long and irregular ordering cycles which may cause our business results to vary year to year. For example, some of our products are used in airplanes which often are operable for about thirty years and thus are replaced over longer time horizons than many other products and are susceptible to changes in the demand for travel. The ordering cycle for our customers is often irregular and hard to predict. For example, our sales have declined, generally on a quarter over quarter basis, from the quarter ended September 30, 2020 through the quarter ended March 31, 2022, and we are unable to predict if or when they will increase in the future. This makes it difficult for us to anticipate when demand increases will occur and adjust our business and ordering to accommodate fluctuations in demand. If we are not able to ramp production up or down quickly enough in response to rapid changes in demand, we may not be able to effectively manage our costs, which could negatively impact operating results, and we may lose sales and market share.
The loss of certain substantial customers could materially and adversely affect us.
During the year ended March 31, 2022, approximately 37.1% of the Company’s total net sales were from three customers, and consists individually of 12.5%, 12.3% and 12.3% of our total net sales for the year. During the year ended March 31, 2021, approximately 36.0% of the Company’s total net sales were from three customers, and consists individually of 17.3%, 10.4% and 8.3% of our total net sales for the year. During the year ended March 31, 2020, approximately 36.6% of the Company’s total net sales were from three customers, and consists individually of 13.6%, 13.1% and 9.9% of our total net sales for the year. We believe that the loss of one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. We have experienced significant concentrations of customers in prior years. Furthermore, factors that negatively impact the businesses of our major customers could materially and adversely affect us even if the customer represents a relatively small part of our net sales.
We may need additional funding in the future and if we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our production or business efforts.
Although we have enough working capital in the short term, we may need to raise additional funding in connection with our continuing operations through the debt or equity markets in the future. If we are to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our business efforts. Any capital raising efforts would also be impacted by our administrative proceeding with the SEC pursuant to Exchange Act section 12(j), and whether the SEC suspends for up to twelve months, or revokes, the registration of our securities. Any additional fundraising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our business. In addition, we cannot guarantee that future financing will be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Additionally, market volatility resulting from macroeconomic conditions or other factors could also adversely impact our ability to access capital as and when needed. Moreover, the terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders and the issuance of additional securities, whether equity or debt, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our shares to decline. The sale of additional equity or convertible securities would dilute all of our stockholders and may decrease our stock price. The incurrence of indebtedness could result in increased fixed payment obligations and we may be required to agree to certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell, or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. We could also be required to seek funds through arrangements with partners or others and we may be required to relinquish rights to some of our intellectual property or otherwise agree to terms unfavorable to us, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and prospects. If we are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially affected.
Our failure to prepare and timely file our periodic reports with the SEC limits our access to the public markets to raise debt or equity capital.
We did not file our Quarterly and Annual Reports following our fiscal 2020 Annual Report with the SEC; thus, we have not remained current in our reporting requirements with the SEC. We are not currently eligible to use a registration statement on Form S-3 that would allow us to continuously incorporate by reference our SEC reports into the registration statement, or to use “shelf” registration statements to conduct offerings, until approximately one year from the date we regained and maintain status as a current filer. If we wish to pursue an offering now, we would be required to conduct the offering on an exempt basis, such as in accordance with Rule 144A, or file a registration statement on Form S-1. Using a Form S-1 registration statement for a public offering would likely take significantly longer than using a registration statement on Form S-3 and increase our transaction costs, and could, to the extent we are not able to conduct offerings using alternative methods, adversely impact our ability to raise capital or complete acquisitions of other companies in a timely manner.
The Company may have limited intellectual property protection.
The Company possesses certain proprietary intellectual property, including but not limited to, trade secrets, know-how and proprietary processes. The Company relies on this intellectual property, know-how and other proprietary information, and requires employees, consultants and suppliers to sign confidentiality agreements. However, these confidentiality agreements may be breached, and the Company may not have adequate remedies for such breaches. Third parties may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information without infringing upon any proprietary technology. Third parties may otherwise gain access to proprietary information and adopt it in a competitive manner. Any loss of intellectual property protection may have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations or prospects.
We are a niche manufacturer of highly engineered products that are high value/short run, using a unique mix of labor and capital equipment.
Our engineers provide HYPERBOLOID interconnect solutions for defense, commercial, aerospace and medical use. Our products are specialized and require special equipment and skilled workers to operate our machinery. Our reliance on our skilled labor and capital equipment subjects us to a number of risks that could negatively affect our ability to manufacture our products and harm our business, including interruption of supply. We expect our overall reliance on our mix of labor and capital equipment to continue. Any significant delay or interruption in our mix of labor and capital equipment could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers and could harm our business. With changes in demand, labor costs, and capital equipment costs, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain the labor and capital equipment mix and therefore maintain our margins.
A significant design, manufacturing or supplier quality issue could adversely affect profitability.
As a manufacturer of highly engineered products, the performance, reliability and productivity of the Company’s products are some of its competitive advantages. While the Company prides itself on implementing procedures to ensure the quality and performance of its products and suppliers, a significant quality or product issue, whether due to design, performance, manufacturing or supplier quality issue, could lead to scrapping of raw materials, finished goods or returned products, the deterioration in a customer relationship, or other action that could adversely affect costs, future sales and profitability.
We recently opened a satellite facility in Allentown, PA and if we are unable to successfully integrate the facility into our operations, our manufacturing and business could be adversely impacted.
We recently opened a new manufacturing facility in Allentown, PA in December 2021. While we have commenced operations at the facility, we continue to staff and equip the facility. We will need to hire additional personnel to staff and maintain this facility with the technical qualifications to do so. Labor is subject to external factors that are beyond our control, including our industry’s competitive market for skilled workers, cost, inflation and workforce participation rates. There is also increased risk that we will fail to maintain our culture as we seek to maintain our culture at the new facility. The failure to successfully integrate the new facility with our business could seriously harm our business and prospects. In addition, ramping up production at the new facility is necessarily time intensive, costly and inefficient. If we are unable to successfully ramp up and continue to operate our new facility, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
A shortage of availability or an increase in the cost of raw materials and other resources may adversely impact our ability to manufacture our products at cost effective prices and thus may negatively impact profit margins.
Our results of operations may be materially adversely impacted by difficulties in obtaining raw materials, supplies, power, labor and any other items needed for the production of our products, as well as by the effects of quality deviations in raw materials and the effects of significant fluctuations in the prices. Many of these materials and components are produced by a limited number of suppliers and their availability to us may be constrained by supplier capacity. In 2021, pandemic-related issues created port congestion and intermittent supplier shutdowns and delays, resulting in additional expenses and increasing prices of raw materials generally. Any material disruption to our raw materials and other resources could materially adversely affect our financial results. Profit margins will be materially and adversely impacted if we are not able to reduce our costs of production, introduce technological innovations, or pass through cost increases to customers.
Our success is dependent on the performance of our management and the cooperation, performance and retention of our executive officers and key employees.
Our business and operations are substantially dependent on the performance of our senior management team and executive officers. If our management team is unable to perform it may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. We do not maintain “key person” life insurance on any of our executive officers. The loss of one or several key employees could seriously harm our business. Any reorganization or reduction in the size of our employee base could harm our ability to attract and retain other valuable employees critical to the success of our business.
If we lose key personnel or fail to integrate replacement personnel successfully, our ability to manage our business could be impaired.
Our future success depends upon the continued service of our key management, technical, sales, finance, and other critical personnel. We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain them. The loss of any key employee could result in significant disruptions to our operations, including adversely affecting the timeliness of product releases, the successful implementation and completion of Company initiatives, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting, and the results of our operations. In addition, hiring, training, and successfully integrating replacement sales and other personnel could be time consuming, may cause additional disruptions to our operations, and may be unsuccessful, which could negatively impact future revenues.
We are a small business that competes globally in a competitive industry that is highly fragmented.
The market for connectors and interconnect devices, domestic and worldwide, is highly fragmented as a result of the manufacture by many companies of a multitude of different types and varieties of connectors and interconnects. The Company has been servicing a niche in the market by manufacturing connectors containing HYPERBOLOID contact designs in the printed wiring board style of connectors. The connector and interconnect device industry is competitive and fragmented and includes numerous small organizations capable of competing in the markets we target. Although large companies tend to not compete directly with us due to the customized and small batch nature of our business, large companies compete in adjacent industries and possess substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. Larger competitors’ greater resources could allow those competitors to compete more effectively than we can. Our competitors have successfully built their names in the industry in which we compete. These various competitors may be able to offer products more competitively priced and more widely available than our offerings, and also have greater resources to acquire members and suppliers than us. Failure to compete in the industry in which we operate would adversely affect our results of operations, and thus you may lose your entire investment.
Our results of operations and financial condition have been and may in the future be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Occurrences of epidemics or pandemics, depending on their scale, may cause different degrees of disruption to the regional, state and local economies in which we offer our products. The COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in customer behavior, as well as economic disruptions. Although consumer activity has improved since the start of the pandemic and government restrictions have been lifted in the United States, recovery varies globally and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its effects continue to evolve. Supply chain issues, inflationary pressures, the emergence of new variants and the reinstatement and subsequent lifting of restrictions and health and safety related measures in response to the emergence of new variants have contributed in the past to the volatility of ongoing recovery. We are unable to predict the future path or impact of any global or regional COVID-19 resurgences, including existing or future variants, or other public health crises. The reinstatement and subsequent lifting of these measures may occur periodically, which could adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition, as well as the business, operations and financial conditions of our customers and suppliers.
Accounting Related Risks and Other Factors:
Management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Such weaknesses may lead to additional risks and uncertainties, including stockholder or other actions, loss of investor confidence and negative impacts on our stock price. Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in our failure to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for evaluating and reporting on the effectiveness of our system of internal control. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a public company, we are required to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies. In particular, we are required to certify our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires us to furnish annually a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022 and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of March 31, 2022, as certain of the Company’s controls associated with reconciliations of inventory, cost of products sold and income taxes, as well as for the calculation of stock-based compensation awards, were not operating effectively. Further, the Company has not established an effective control environment due to the ineffective design and implementation of Information Technology General Controls (“ITGC”). The Company’s ITGC deficiencies included improperly designed controls pertaining to change management and user access rights over systems that are critical to the Company’s system of financial reporting. We have taken and continue to take remedial steps to improve our internal control over financial reporting. For further discussion of the material weakness identified and our remedial efforts, see Item 9A, Controls and Procedures.
Management is working to remediate the identified material weaknesses. Remediation efforts place a significant burden on management and add increased pressure to our financial resources and processes. We may not be able to fully remediate these material weaknesses until additional steps have been completed and have been operating effectively for a sufficient period of time. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date and plan to take will be sufficient to remediate the material weaknesses we identified or avoid the identification of additional material weaknesses in the future. If we are unable to successfully remediate our existing material weakness or any additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that may be identified in the future in a timely manner, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected; our liquidity, our access to capital markets, the perceptions of our creditworthiness and our ability to complete acquisitions may be adversely affected; we may be unable to maintain or regain compliance with applicable securities laws, applicable listing requirements and other requirements; we may be subject to regulatory investigations and penalties; investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting; our reputation may be harmed; we may suffer defaults, accelerations or cross-accelerations under our debt instruments or derivative arrangements to the extent we are unable to obtain additional waivers from the required creditors or counterparties or are unable to cure any breaches; and our stock price may decline.
Moreover, because of the inherent limitations of any control system, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis, or at all. If we are unable to provide reliable and timely financial reports in the future, our business and reputation may be further harmed. Restated financial statements and failures in internal control may also cause us to fail to meet reporting obligations, negatively affect investor and customer confidence in our management and the accuracy of our financial statements and disclosures, result in events of default under our banking agreements, or result in adverse publicity and concerns from investors and customers, any of which could have a negative effect on the price of our common stock, subject us to regulatory investigations and penalties or additional stockholder litigation, and have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
Efforts to comply with the applicable provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may adversely affect us and the market price of our common stock.
Under current SEC rules, we are required to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We will be required to review on an annual basis our internal control over financial reporting, and on a quarterly and annual basis to evaluate and disclose changes in our internal control over financial reporting. As a result, we expect to incur additional expenses in the near term that may negatively impact our financial performance. This process also will result in a diversion of management’s time and attention. We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations, and we may not be able to ensure that the process is effective or that our internal control over financial reporting is or will be effective in a timely manner. In the event that we are unable to maintain or achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we and the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.
We identified certain misstatements to our previously issued financial statements and have restated the financial statements described below, which has exposed us to a number of additional risks and uncertainties.
As discussed in the Explanatory Note, Note 2 and Note 15 of our Financial Statements, we restated our previously issued audited financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2020 and its interim financial statements for the quarterly periods ended September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2019. In connection with the Company’s migration to the new accounting system, including the reconciliation of the old and new systems and preparation of its year end accounting, management discovered that inventory balances previously reported as of September 27, 2019, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020, were misstated.
As a result of the misstatements and the restatement, we have become subject to a number of additional risks and uncertainties and unanticipated costs for accounting, legal and other fees and expenses, including risks of lawsuits. Any actions, lawsuits or other legal proceedings related to the misstatements or the restatement could result in reputational harm, additional defense and other costs, regardless of the outcome of the lawsuit or proceeding. In addition, we continue to be at risk for loss of investor confidence, loss of key employees, changes in management or our board of directors and other reputational issues, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
The restatement of our financial statements described above has diverted, and our ongoing efforts to remediate our internal control may continue to divert, management from the operation of our business. The absence of timely and accurate financial information has hindered and may in the future hinder our ability to effectively manage our business.
The Board of Directors, members of management, and our accounting and other staff have spent significant time on the restatement and remediation and will continue to spend significant time on remediation of internal control over our financial reporting. These resources have been, and will likely continue to be, diverted from the strategic and day-to-day management of our business and may have an adverse effect on our ability to accomplish our strategic objectives.
We may face litigation and regulatory action relating to the restatement of our financial statements.
We cannot ensure that litigation or other claims by shareholders will not be brought in the future arising out of the restatement of our financial statements. We may also be subject to further examinations, investigations, proceedings and orders by regulatory authorities, including a cease and desist order, suspension of trading of our securities, delisting of our securities and/or the assessment of possible civil monetary penalties. Any such further actions could be expensive and damaging to our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenses related to the restatement and remediation of deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, and any resulting litigation.
We have devoted and expect to continue to devote substantial internal and external resources towards remediation efforts relating to the restatement of our financial statements, the management review process and other efforts to implement effective internal controls. Because of these efforts, we have incurred and expect that we will continue to incur significant fees and expenses for legal, accounting, financial and other consulting and professional services, as well as the implementation and maintenance of systems and processes that will need to be updated, supplemented or replaced. As described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have taken a number of steps in order to strengthen our accounting function so as to allow us to be able to provide timely and accurate financial reporting. However, we cannot assure you that these steps will be successful. To the extent these steps are not successful, we could be required to incur significant additional time and expense. The expenses we are incurring in this regard, as well as the substantial time devoted by our management towards identifying and addressing the internal control deficiencies, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
RISKS RELATED TO THE COMPANY’S EFFORTS TO BECOME CURRENT IN ITS PERIODIC REPORTING AND BEING A PUBLIC COMPANY
As a result of the Company’s late periodic filings, the SEC instituted an administrative proceeding pursuant to Section 12(j) of the Exchange Act to determine whether it is appropriate to suspend for up to twelve months or revoke the registration of the Company’s common stock. Although we have filed an answer to the Order, conducted a prehearing conference with the SEC’s staff, and filed an Opposition Brief to the SEC Division of Enforcement’s Motion for Summary Disposition, the ultimate outcome of the administrative proceeding may be adverse to the Company, and may result in the suspension or revocation of the registration of our common stock.
The Company is currently delinquent in its periodic reporting obligations and as a result the SEC instituted administrative proceedings on August 17, 2022 (the “Order”) pursuant to Section 12(j) of the Exchange Act to suspend or revoke the registration of our common stock. On October 3, 2022, we filed an answer to the Order and on October 13, 2022, we conducted a prehearing conference with SEC staff in the Division of Enforcement. On March 1, 2023 the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed a Motion for Summary Disposition, on March 15, 2023, IEH filed an opposition brief to the SEC Division of Enforcement’s Motion for Summary Disposition, and on March 29, 2023, the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed a Reply in Support of its Motion for Summary Disposition. The Commission will issue a decision on the basis of the record in the proceeding. The Company cannot at this time predict the timing of a decision by the Commission or the outcome of such decision. Although the Company continues to make progress towards completion of its periodic reports and intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Order to avoid possible suspension or revocation of the registration of its common stock, if the SEC issues a final order to suspend or revoke the registration of the Company’s common stock, brokers, dealers and other market participants would be prohibited from buying, selling, making market in, publishing quotations of, or otherwise effecting transactions with respect to, such common stock until, in the case of suspension, the lifting of such suspension, or, in the case of a revocation, the Company files a new registration statement with the SEC under the Exchange Act and that registration statement is declared effective. As a result, public trading of the Company’s common stock would cease and investors would find it extraordinarily difficult to acquire or dispose of the Company’s common stock or obtain accurate price quotations for the Company’s common stock, which could result in a significant decline in the value of the Company’s stock. In addition, the Company’s business may be adversely impacted, including, without limitation, an adverse impact on the Company’s ability to issue stock to raise equity capital, engage in business combinations or provide employee incentives.
The Company faces challenges in producing accurate financial statements and periodic reports as required on a timely basis.
As discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we discovered that inventory balances previously reported were misstated as a result of our migration to a new SAP System of accounting. Ultimately, there were a number of issues with the SAP System, including system design and implementation issues as well as utilization issues. As a result, the Company has hired a number of third party consultants and additional personnel and enhanced many aspects of its accounting procedures. Although the Company believes it has discovered and improved all of the issues that resulted in the misstated financials, the Company is still in the process of assimilating these complex and pervasive changes and improving utilization, continues to have material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting and, as a result, cannot assure you that the Company will not experience additional errors or delays with respect to the preparation of its financial statements and its periodic reports in the future.
In addition, as previously noted, the Company has engaged outside consulting firms and other external consultants to assist its finance organization in completing the preparation of its financial statements, and preparing this Annual Report and other periodic reports. The Company relies heavily on these third party consultants who assist in the preparation of financial statements, including extracting financial data from our SAP System, and the timely filing of periodic reports with the SEC. If our third party consultants are unable to provide the Company with the necessary assistance and financial information in a timely manner, the Company will be unable to file its periodic reports when due. In addition, replacing these consultants with new employees may result in the loss of important institutional knowledge or otherwise create transitional issues that could delay the preparation of financial statements and periodic reports. Furthermore, in 2021 and 2022, we have experienced attrition of employees at the consulting firms on which we rely. If we are unable to rely on our third party consultants in the future or we do not receive their assistance in a timely manner, we may in the future have delays in reporting which could adversely affect our business.
Potential for future errors in the application of accounting rules and pronouncements.
The completion of the audits of our financial statements involved significant review and analyses, including highly technical analyses of data and business practices and the extraction of data from the SAP System. Given the complexity and scope of this process, and despite the extensive time, effort and expense that went into it, additional accounting errors may in the future come to light in these or other areas that may result in future restatements.
Efforts by the Company to become current in its periodic reporting obligations have required diversion of management’s attention from business operations, led to concerns on the part of investors about the financial condition of the Company and potential loss of business opportunities and resulted in the incurrence of substantial expenses.
Since discovering the issues with the Company’s previously reported financials in connection with the Company’s transition to the SAP System, the Company’s management, including its finance and accounting personnel, has devoted and continue to devote substantial time, effort and resources to its efforts to become current in its periodic reporting obligations, in addition to performing its day-to-day duties. These efforts and the exigent circumstances have diverted and may continue to divert, management’s attention away from our business. In addition, the delay in the completion of the Company’s periodic reports and the financial condition of the Company have caused concerns on the part of investors and may have resulted in the loss of potential business opportunities or declines in the value of the Company’s common stock.
In addition, to assist their respective finance and accounting teams, the Company engaged outside accounting consulting firms and other external consultants to assist in the preparation of financial statements and periodic reports and has incurred and continues to incur substantial expenses for their services, in addition to incurring substantial expenses for external legal, tax and other professional services.
The staff of the SEC may review the periodic reports of the Company and may request amendments of financial information or other disclosures.
Following its review of periodic reports (including, but not limited to, this Annual Report) filed with the SEC, the staff of the SEC may request that the Company make additional changes to its reporting of financial information contained in such periodic reports, potentially requiring amendments to their financial information or other disclosure.
Any further amendments to the financial information of the Company, among other things:
● would distract management’s attention from our business and operations;
● may require the Company to suspend the exercise of options by employees until it becomes current again in its periodic reporting obligations under the federal securities laws;
● would result in incurring substantial additional professional expenses;
● may adversely affect the Company’s reputation, credibility with customers and investors and its ability to raise capital; and
● may subject the Company to the risk of additional litigation and regulatory investigations and actions.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect its ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
As a public company listed in the U.S., we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and any rules promulgated thereunder. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage being a public company that is subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. Operating a public company requires significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, the requirements of these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly, and increase demand on our systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls for financial reporting. In order to maintain and improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight is required and, as a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns. The costs of compliance with public company reporting requirements and our potential failure to satisfy these requirements could have a material adverse effect on our operations, business, financial condition or results of operations.
In order to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we may need to hire qualified accounting and financial personnel with appropriate public company experience.
As a public company, we need to establish and maintain effective disclosure and financial controls and make changes in our corporate governance practices. We may need to hire additional accounting and financial personnel with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge, and it may be difficult to recruit and retain such personnel. Even if we are able to hire appropriate personnel, our existing operating expenses and operations will be impacted by the direct costs of their employment and the indirect consequences related to the diversion of management resources from research and development efforts.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK
Our stock price is volatile and could decline; there is currently a limited trading market for our common stock and we cannot predict how liquid the market might become.
There has been a limited trading market for our common stock and we cannot predict how liquid the market for our common stock might become. On September 28, 2021 our stock began trading in accordance with the OTC Pink Sheet No Information tier. Broker dealer firms are not able to provide stock quotes for IEH’s common stock and transactions are limited to the “Expert” market. The quotation of our common stock on the OTC Pink Sheets does not assure that a meaningful, consistent and liquid trading market exists. The market price for our common stock is subject to volatility and holders of our common stock may be unable to resell their shares at or near their original purchase price, or at any price. In the absence of an active trading market, investors may have difficulty buying and selling, or obtaining market quotations for our common stock; market visibility for our common stock may be limited; and a lack of visibility for our common stock may have a depressive effect on the market for our common stock. While we intend to regain listing on an actively traded platform, there can be no assurance that we will be successful.
The price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile. For example, our stock price during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 traded as low as $11.95 per share and as high as $18.25 per share. During the period April 1, 2022 through June16, 2023, our stock price traded as low as $5.75 per share and as high as $12.45 per share. Fluctuations may be exaggerated since the trading volume is and would likely be volatile, limited, and sporadic. These fluctuations may or may not be based upon any business or operating results. We cannot assure you that your investment in our common stock will not decline.
Except for a single dividend declared and paid in 2017, we have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future. Any return on investment may be limited to the value of our common stock.
Except for a single dividend declared and paid in 2017, we have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as our board of directors may consider relevant. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.
The Offerman family has substantial influence over our management and policies, and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future.
Gail Offerman and Dave Offerman, our Chief Executive Officer, (the “Offerman Investors”) beneficially own approximately 47% of our common stock as of June 22, 2023, and will generally vote together as a single class on matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. As a result, the Offerman Investors may exert a substantial influence on other actions requiring a shareholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support, including the election and removal of directors and the approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, the ownership of such stockholders could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of us, and consequently, adversely affect the price of our common stock. In addition, the Offerman Investors and their affiliates exercise significant influence over the operations of our Company because the Company has been a business led by the Offerman family for generations. These stockholders may make decisions that are adverse to your interests.
We have reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies, which could result in our common stock being less attractive to investors.
We have a public float of less than $250 million and therefore qualify as a smaller reporting company under the rules of the SEC. As a smaller reporting company, we are able to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements, such as simplified executive compensation disclosures, exemption from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that our independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and reduced financial statement disclosure requirements in our SEC filings. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for our investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive due to our reliance on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be volatile.
There are risks related to the implementation of our perpetual accounting system.
We have been engaged in a multi-year process of conforming the majority of our operations onto a new perpetual accounting system, SAP’s Business One system along with an add-on, Beas Manufacturing, to replace its legacy periodic accounting system with the purpose of improving our financial reporting. We have identified the errors that led to the restatement of previously reported financials, any significant deficiency in the design and implementation of the SAP System could negatively impact our financial data and may result in inaccurate financials or delays in our periodic reports with the SEC, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to General Economic Conditions and Other Factors:
Changes in general economic conditions, geopolitical conditions, U.S. trade policies and other factors beyond the Company’s control may adversely impact our business and operating results.
The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on global, regional and U.S. economic and geopolitical conditions. The United States has from time to time experienced challenging economic conditions, including in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the global financial markets have recently undergone and may continue to experience significant volatility and disruption. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by changes in consumer confidence, levels of unemployment, inflation, interest rates, tax rates and general uncertainty regarding the overall future economic environment. A recession or slowdown in the economy may cause a decline in demand for our products and have a negative impact on our business.
We are also impacted by changes in trade policy. In recent years, there has been discussion and dialogue regarding potential significant changes to U.S. trade policies, legislation, treaties and tariffs. Changes to current policies by the U.S. or other governments could affect our business, including potentially through increased import tariffs and other influences on U.S. trade relations with other countries. The imposition of additional tariffs or other trade barriers could increase our costs in certain markets, and may cause our customers to find alternative sourcing. In addition, other countries may change their own policies on business and foreign investment in companies in their respective countries. Additionally, it is possible that U.S. policy changes and uncertainty about such changes could increase market volatility and currency exchange rate fluctuations. Market volatility and currency exchange rate fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As a result of these dynamics, we cannot predict the impact to our business of any future changes to the U.S.’s trading relationships.
A number of other economic and geopolitical factors both in the United States and abroad could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, such as:
● a global or regional economic slowdown in any of the Company’s market segments;
● postponement of spending, in response to tighter credit, financial market volatility and other factors;
● effects of significant changes in economic, monetary and fiscal policies in the United States and abroad including significant income tax changes, currency fluctuations and inflationary pressures;
● rapid material escalation of the cost of regulatory compliance and litigation;
● changes in government policies and regulations affecting the Company or its significant customers or suppliers;
● employment regulations and local labor conditions, including increases in employment costs;
● industrial policies in various countries that favor domestic industries over multinationals or that restrict foreign companies altogether;
● longer payment cycles; and
● credit risks and other challenges in collecting accounts receivable.
The global nature of our operations exposes us to numerous risks that could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We serve customers in the United States and abroad, with a sales presence in over 40 countries. Sales outside of the United States are subject to various risks that may not be present or as significant for our U.S. operations. Economic uncertainty in some of the geographic regions in which we sell our products could result in the disruption of commerce and negatively impact cash flows from our operations in those areas. Risks inherent in our international operations include, among others:
● COVID-19-related closures and other pandemic-related uncertainties in the countries in which we operate;
● Import and export regulations that could erode profit margins or restrict exports;
● Foreign exchange controls and tax rates;
● Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, including devaluations;
● Changes in regional and local economic conditions, including local inflationary pressures;
● Difficulty of enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through certain foreign legal systems;
● Variations in protection of intellectual property and other legal rights;
● Inability or regulatory limitations on our ability to move goods across borders;
● Changes in laws and regulations, including the laws and policies of the United States affecting trade, tariffs and foreign investment;
● Restrictive governmental actions such as those on transfer or repatriation of funds and trade protection matters, including antidumping duties, tariffs, trade wars, embargoes and prohibitions or restrictions on acquisitions or joint ventures;
● Unsettled political conditions and possible terrorist attacks against U.S. or other interests; and
● Political tensions and armed conflict, such as the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine.
If we are unable to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, our results of operations and financial condition.
We are the primary source for various commercial and aerospace applications in China. There is always a risk of being second sourced by domestic manufacturers, and trade tensions or nationalizing supply chains adversely impacting our business.
Sales to customers located outside the U.S. accounted for approximately 23.8%, 23.3% and 18.4% of our revenue in fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, March 31, 2021, and March 31, 2020, respectively. Of these amounts, approximately 68.2%, 85.8%, and 47.0% were attributable to sales to customers located in China in fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, March 31, 2021, and March 31, 2020, respectively. We expect that revenue from international sales to China will continue to be a significant part of our total revenue. Any weakness in the Chinese economy could result in a decrease in demand for consumer products that contain our products, which could materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, there is a risk that manufacturers in China may compete with us and replace us. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from China, countermeasures imposed by China in response, U.S. export restrictions on sales of products to China and other government actions that restrict or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell our products to Chinese customers may have a material impact on our business. In addition, we may be subject to rules and regulations of the PRC or the jurisdiction of other governmental agencies in the PRC that may adversely affect our rights and obligations. In the event of a dispute, we will likely be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of foreign courts.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.
The value of our securities will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB and between those currencies and other currencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations.
To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
If relations between the U.S. and China worsen, our business could be adversely affected by the trade war and investors may be unwilling to hold or buy our stock and our stock price may decrease.
At various times during recent years, the U.S. and China have had significant disagreements over political and economic issues. Controversies may arise in the future between these two countries. Any political or trade controversies between the U.S. and China, whether or not directly related to our business, could reduce the price of our common stock. These controversies also could make it more difficult for us to sell our products to our customers in China. The international trade policies of China and the U.S. could adversely affect our business, and the imposition of trade sanctions relating to import and export of goods, taxes, tariffs and duties and other charges on imports from China or exports to China. Due to an increase in tariffs imposed by China on products from U.S., some of our customers might seek alternatives, which could have negative impact on our sales as we mainly sell our own products to customers in China. In order to avoid these new tariffs, the market has shifted towards an uncertain era including sourcing from other countries. Our sales during this stage may also be negatively impacted by this shift in behavior.
Changes in defense expenditures may reduce the Company’s sales.
Approximately 59.1%, 60.8%, and 59.5% of the Company’s net revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, March 31, 2021, and March 31, 2020, respectively, came from sales to the military market. The Company participates in a broad spectrum of defense programs. Accordingly, the Company’s sales are affected by changes in the defense budgets and policies of the U.S. government. A significant decline in U.S. government defense expenditures could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. U.S. government expenditures are also subject to political and budgetary fluctuations and constraints, which may result in significant unexpected changes in levels of demand for our products.
We may be adversely affected by natural disasters, pandemics and other catastrophic events and by man-made problems such as terrorism that could disrupt our business operations, and our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not adequately protect us from a serious disaster.
Our business operations are located in Brooklyn, New York and Allentown, PA. If a disaster, power outage, computer hacking, or other event occurred that prevented us from using all or a significant portion of our facilities, that damaged critical infrastructure, such as enterprise financial systems, IT systems, manufacturing resource planning or enterprise quality systems, or that otherwise disrupted operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. As an example, the New York City area was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and, due to safety considerations for our employees and government restrictions, including stay-at-home orders, certain of our employees worked from home for an extended period of time. In addition, our suppliers’ facilities are located in locations susceptible to natural disasters or similar events, such as tornadoes, fires, explosions or large-scale accidents or power outages, or IT threats, pandemic, acts of terrorism and other geo-political unrest, which could severely disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. All of the aforementioned risks may be further increased if we do not implement a disaster recovery plan or our partners’ or manufacturers’ disaster recovery plans prove to be inadequate. To the extent that any of the above should result in delays in the manufacture or distribution of our products, our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects would suffer.
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures, cyber-attacks or a deficiency in our cyber-security.
Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber-terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs and our business operations.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments:
None

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties:
The Company’s lease term for its manufacturing facility located at 140 58th Street, Suite 8E, Brooklyn, New York ran from December 1, 2010 through November 30, 2020. The lease was renewed on December 1, 2020, the Company entered into a renewed 120 month lease agreement for the building in Brooklyn, NY. The lease is approximately 20,400 square feet of space, of which it estimates 6,000 square feet are used as executive, sales and administrative offices and 14,400 square feet are used for its manufacturing, testing and plating operations. The basic minimum annual rental remaining on this lease is $2,579,892 as of March 31, 2022.
The Company entered into a new lease on January 29, 2021 for a building at 200 Cascade Drive, Bldg. 2, Suite H Allentown, PA 18109 running through March 30, 2028. The lease is approximately 50,400 square feet of space. The basic minimum annual rental remaining on this lease is $1,470,804 as of March 31, 2022.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings:
There are no legal proceedings that have occurred within the past year concerning our directors, or control persons which involved a criminal conviction, a criminal proceeding, an administrative or civil proceeding limiting one’s participation in the securities or banking industries, or a finding of securities or commodities law violations.
On August 17, 2022, the SEC issued an Order Instituting Administrative Proceedings and Notice of Hearing pursuant to Section 12(j) of the Exchange Act. The stated purpose of the administrative proceeding is for the Commission to determine whether it is necessary and appropriate for the protection of investors to suspend for a period not exceeding twelve months, or revoke the registration of each class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act of the Company. The Company filed an Answer in the proceeding on October 3, 2022 and on October 13, 2022 we conducted a prehearing conference with SEC staff in the Division of Enforcement. On March 1, 2023 the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed a Motion for Summary Disposition, on March 15, 2023, IEH filed an opposition brief to the SEC Division of Enforcement’s Motion for Summary Disposition, and on March 29, 2023, the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed a Reply in Support of its Motion for Summary Disposition. The Commission will issue a decision on the basis of the record in the proceeding.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures:
Not applicable
IEH CORPORATION
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities:
Principal Market:
Beginning on September 28, 2021, as a result of the SEC’s amendments to Exchange Act Rule 15c2-11 which requires listed companies to be current in their SEC periodic reports or provide alternative information, trading in the Company’s shares of common stock is in accordance with the OTC Pink Sheet No Information tier and transactions are limited to the “Expert” market. As a result, broker dealer firms are not able to provide stock quotes for the Company’s common stock. Persons who hold our common stock or wish to purchase our common stock will have to contact their brokers directly in order to buy or sell shares. Prior to September 28, 2021, on March 22, 2019, the Company’s shares of common stock (the “common stock”) commenced trading exclusively on the OTCQX Marketplace. Prior to March 22, 2019, the common stock was traded exclusively on the OTCQB Marketplace commencing on March 17, 2017. The shares are quoted under the ticker symbol “IEHC”. Investors are able to view real-time quotes at http://www.otcmarkets.com. Because we are quoted on the OTC Pink Sheet, our common stock may be less liquid, receive less coverage by security analysts and news media, and generate lower prices than might otherwise be obtained if it were listed on a national securities exchange.
Market Information:
The range of high and low bid prices for the Company’s common stock, for the periods indicated as set forth below as reported by the OTC Markets. Set forth below is a table indicating the high and low bid prices of the common stock during the periods indicated. These prices represent quotations between dealers without adjustment for retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
High Bid Low Bid
Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2020
April 1, 2019 - June 28, $ 19.90 $ 15.95
June 29, 2019 - September 27, 2019 $ 25.00 $ 17.20
September 28, 2019 - December 31, 2019 $ 24.97 $ 19.50
January 1, 2020 - March 31, 2020 $ 23.00 $ 11.69
Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2021
April 1, 2020 - June 30, 2020 $ 22.00 $ 12.00
July 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020 $ 19.20 $ 15.25
October 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020 $ 17.30 $ 12.71
January 1, 2021 - March 31, 2021 $ 20.92 $ 15.80
Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2022
April 1, 2021 - June 30, 2021 $ 18.25 $ 14.99
July 1, 2021 - September 30, 2021 $ 16.50 $ 12.00
October 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021 $ 12.75 $ 11.95
January 1, 2022 - March 31, 2022 $ 12.50 $ 12.00
Holders:
The number of record holders of the Company’s common stock as of June 13, 2023 was 194. Such number of record owners was determined from the Company’s shareholder records, and does not include the beneficial owners of the Company’s common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security holders, dealers and clearing agencies.
Dividends:
Except for a single cash dividend declared and paid in 2017, we have never declared or paid a regular, quarterly cash dividend on our Common Stock, and we do not expect to pay any regular, quarterly cash dividend on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, on our Common Stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results, anticipated cash needs, and plans for expansion.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities:
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]
Not Applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:
Statements contained in this report, which are not historical facts, may be considered forward-looking information with respect to plans, projections, or future performance of the Company as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words “anticipate,” “believe”, “estimate”, “expect,” “objective,” and think” or similar expressions used herein are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current views and assumptions and involve risks and uncertainties that include, among other things, the effects of the Company’s business, actions of competitors, changes in laws and regulations, including accounting standards, employee relations, customer demand, prices of purchased raw material and parts, domestic economic conditions, including housing starts and changes in consumer disposable income, and foreign economic conditions, including currency rate fluctuations. Some or all of the facts are beyond the Company’s control.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and related footnotes included elsewhere in this report, which provide additional information concerning the Company’s financial activities and condition.
The Company designs, develops and manufactures printed circuit board connectors and custom interconnects for high performance applications.
Overview of Business:
All of our connectors utilize the HYPERBOLOID contact design, a rugged, high-reliability contact system ideally suited for high-stress environments. We believe we are the only independent producer of HYPERBOLOID printed circuit board connectors in the United States.
Our customers consist of OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and distributors who resell our products to OEMs. We sell our products directly and through 22 independent sales representatives and distributors located in all regions of the United States, Canada, the European Union, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East.
The customers we service are in the Military, Aerospace, Space, Medical, Oil and Gas, Industrial, Test Equipment and Commercial Electronics markets. We appear on the Military Qualified Product Listing (“QPL”) MIL-DTL-55302 and supply customer requested modifications to this specification. For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022, approximately 59.1% of our sales were for defense applications, 14.7% for commercial aerospace, and the remainder in commercial space launch, medical, oil and gas and industrial markets. For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, approximately 60.8% of our sales were for defense applications, 21.4% for commercial aerospace, and the remainder in commercial space launch, medical, oil and gas and industrial markets. For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020, approximately 59.5% of our sales were for defense applications, 22.7% for commercial aerospace, and the remainder in commercial space launch, medical, oil and gas and industrial markets. Our offering of “QPL” items has recently been expanded to include additional products.
We are exposed to and impacted by macroeconomic factors and U.S., state and local government policies. Current general economic conditions are uncertain, resulting in market volatility and decreased consumer confidence. We have adopted particular measures to protect our employees at our manufacturing operations in Brooklyn, New York, and Allentown, PA, and we expect to execute on our contracts through carefully designed arrangements.
Coronavirus (COVID-19):
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and shipping, created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets and resulted in weakened economic conditions. While as part of efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, federal, state, local and foreign governments imposed various restrictions on the conduct of business and travel during 2020 and 2021, most of these restrictions have been lifted, except in China where many remain in place. Because of these restrictions, the Company continued to experience softened demand for its products generally, and in China, during fiscal 2022.
Worldwide Supply Chain Disruptions
Worldwide supply chain disruptions, which were initially brought about by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, have persisted despite the recovery in the global economy and financial markets. The Company has experienced longer lead times for raw materials and has experienced raw material cost increases compared to prior fiscal years. These and other issues resulting from worldwide supply chain disruptions have recently improved but are expected to continue to some degree in fiscal 2023 and could continue to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results and financial condition. The precise financial impact and duration, however, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements include estimates associated with revenue recognition, valuation of inventories, accounting for income taxes and stock-based compensation expense.
Our financial position, results of operations and cash flows are impacted by the accounting policies we have adopted. In order to get a full understanding of our financial statements, one must have a clear understanding of the accounting policies employed. A summary of our critical accounting policies is presented within the footnotes in the financial statements presented within this Annual Report.
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” that, as amended on August 12, 2015, became effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC 606 as of March 30, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition method. However, such adoption did not have any effect on the way in which the Company recognizes, records and reports revenues. Management determined that there was no cumulative effect adjustment to the financial statements and the adoption of the standard did not require any adjustments to the financial statements for prior periods. Under the guidance of the standard, revenue represents the amount received or receivable for goods and services supplied by the Company to its customers. The Company recognizes revenue at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer and the customer obtains control of that good or receives the service performed. Most of the Company’s sales arrangements with customers are short-term in nature involving single performance obligations related to the delivery of goods and generally provide for transfer of control at the time of shipment to the customer.
The Company does not offer any discounts, credits or other sales incentives. Historically, the Company believes that it has no collection issues with its customer base. The Company’s policy with respect to customer returns and allowances as well as product warranty is as follows:
The Company may accept a return of defective product within one year from shipment for repair or replacement at the Company’s option. If the product is repairable, the Company at its own cost, will repair and return it to the customer. If unrepairable, the Company will replace the defective product with a new item. The cost of defective products is immaterial at this time. Billing terms vary by customer and product but generally do not exceed 30 days.
The Company provides engineering services as part of the relationship with its customers in developing the custom product. The Company is not obligated to provide such engineering service to its customers. The Company does not invoice its customers separately for these services.
The Company records a liability when receiving cash in advance of delivering goods or services to the customer. This liability is reversed against the receivable recognized when those goods or services are delivered. The company recorded deposits from customers of $97,885, $38,661, and $245,960, as of March 31, 2022, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively.
Valuation of Inventories
Raw materials and supplies are stated at the average cost on a first-in first-out basis which does not exceed net realizable value. Finished goods and work in process are valued at the lower of actual cost, determined on a specific identification basis, or the net realizable value of each Product. The Company estimates which materials may be obsolete and which products in work in process or finished goods may be sold at less than cost, and adjusts their inventory value accordingly. Future periods could include either income or expense items if estimates change and for differences between the estimated and actual amount realized from the sale of inventory.
Accounting for Income Taxes
The Company records a liability for potential tax assessments based on its estimate of the potential exposure. Due to the subjectivity and complex nature of the underlying issues, actual payments or assessments may differ from estimates. Income tax expense in future periods could be adjusted for the difference between actual payments and the Company’s recorded liability based on its assessments and estimates.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations is based on options ultimately expected to vest, reduced by the amount of estimated forfeitures. We chose the straight-line method of allocating compensation cost over the requisite service period of the related award in accordance with the authoritative guidance. The expected term of options granted to employees is calculated using the simplified method, which represents the average of the contractual term of the option and the weighted-average vesting period of the option, which, for options granted in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, resulted in an expected term of approximately five years. We used our historical volatility to estimate expected volatility in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding to the expected life of the options. The dividend yield is 0% based on the fact that we have no present intention to pay dividends. Determining some of these assumptions requires significant judgment and changes to these assumptions could result in a significant change to the calculation of stock-based compensation in future periods.
Results of Operations:
Annual Results of Operations
Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021:
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021:
Fiscal Years Ended Period-to-
March 31,
March 31,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 24,265,589 $ 34,715,195 $ (10,449,606 )
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 19,328,249 24,436,692 (5,108,443 )
Selling, general and administrative 5,039,072 6,903,330 (1,864,258 )
Depreciation and amortization 837,201 790,250 46,951
Total operating expenses 25,204,522 32,130,272 (6,925,750 )
Operating (loss) income (938,933 ) 2,584,923 (3,523,856 )
Other income (expense):
Other income (a) 2,214,030 65,197 2,148,833
Interest income (expense), net (15,443 ) 15,834
Total other income (expense), net 2,214,421 49,754 2,164,667
Income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes 1,275,488 2,634,677 (1,359,189 )
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 162,646 (606,755 ) 769,401
Net income $ 1,438,134 $ 2,027,922 $ (589,788 )
(a) For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, other income consists of $2,103,885 of debt forgiveness income from the forgiveness of the PPP Loan (See Note 8 - PPP Loan and Note).
Revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 was $24,265,589 reflecting a decrease of $10,449,606, or 30.1%, as compared to $34,715,195 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in revenues for fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021 was primarily due to a decrease of $7,124,539 and $4,006,899 in our military and commercial aerospace revenues, respectively, as explained below.
The level of demand for our products generally lags a year or more behind major drivers of demand in the aerospace industry. Our revenues were negatively impacted by unprecedented reductions in demand in commercial aerospace due to two major factors. First, the worldwide grounding, principally during the year 2020, of the Boeing 737-Max jet following two crashes had a severe negative impact on demand for parts that we supply in support of that aircraft. Shortly thereafter, COVID-19 effectively grounded aircraft worldwide as air travel declined by approximately 90% in a matter of weeks. The commercial aerospace industry is still just recovering from this historic decline.
Our military revenues tend to track with geopolitical events, as well as defense priorities from one administration to the next. Accordingly, revenues for the years ending 2020 and 2021 were uncharacteristically high as demand for several military programs in which we were involved peaked at the same time.
Cost of products sold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 was $19,328,249 reflecting a decrease of $5,108,443, or 20.9%, as compared to $24,436,692 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The decrease was principally attributable to the 30.1% decrease in revenue and variations in margins earned on different product platforms.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 was $5,039,072, reflecting a decrease of $1,864,258, or 27.0%, as compared to $6,903,330 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $1,312,743, a decrease in sales commission expenses of $397,485, a decrease in COVID-19 related charges of $243,514, offset by an increase in accounting fees of $318,442.
Depreciation and amortization for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 was $837,201 reflecting an increase of $46,951, or 5.9%, as compared to $790,250 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The increase was principally attributable to an increase in capitalized leasehold improvements related to our new Pennsylvania facility.
Total other income (expense) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 was income of $2,214,421, reflecting an increase of $2,164,667, as compared to income of $49,754 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the gain on the forgiveness of the PPP loan of $2,103,885 in the first quarter of the fiscal year 2022.
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 was a benefit of $162,646, as compared to a provision of $606,755 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The change was primarily attributable to a lower effective income tax rate in fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, on account of the effect of the $2,103,885 gain on forgiveness of debt, which was not subject to income tax. The effective tax rates for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were (12.7)% and 22.9%, respectively.
Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 (As Restated):
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020:
Fiscal Years Ended
As Restated Period-to-
March 31, 2021 March 31, 2020 Period Change
Revenue $ 34,715,195 $ 32,154,549 $ 2,560,646
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 24,436,692 23,775,372 661,320
Selling, general and administrative 6,903,330 6,007,241 896,089
Depreciation and amortization 790,250 955,124 (164,874 )
Total operating expenses 32,130,272 30,737,737 1,392,535
Operating income 2,584,923 1,416,812 1,168,111
Other income (expense):
Other income 65,197 - 65,197
Interest income (expense), net (15,443 ) (44,875 ) 29,432
Total other income (expense), net 49,754 (44,875 ) 94,629
Income before provision for income taxes 2,634,677 1,371,937 1,262,740
Provision for income taxes (606,755 ) (50,875 ) (555,880 )
Net income $ 2,027,922 $ 1,321,062 $ 706,860
Revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 was $34,715,195, reflecting an increase of $2,560,646, or 8.0%, as compared to $32,154,549 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. This increase was principally attributable to the strength of our military business based on the increase in government spending on military infrastructure.
Cost of products sold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 was $24,436,692, reflecting an increase of $661,320, or 2.8%, as compared to $23,775,372 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the 8.0% increase in revenue, offset by the effect of changes in product mix.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 was $6,903,330, reflecting an increase of $896,089, or 14.9%, as compared to $6,007,241 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in salaries, wages and other related benefits of $351,762, an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $274,615 and an increase in COVID-19 related charges of $181,392.
Depreciation and amortization for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 was $790,250 reflecting a decrease of $164,874, or 17.3%, as compared to $955,124 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to equipment reaching the end of its useful life during the period.
Total other income (expense) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 was income of $49,754, reflecting an increase of $94,629, as compared to expense of $44,875 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The increase was a result of the recognition of other income of $65,197, offset by interest expense of $17,380 related to the PPP loan.
The provision for income taxes for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 was $606,755, reflecting an increase of $555,880 as compared to $50,875 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a lower effective income tax rate in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 due principally to favorable tax deductions in 2020 attributable to certain exercises of stock options. The effective tax rates for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were 22.9% and 3.8%, respectively.
Interim Period Results of Operations
This Annual Report includes summary financial information for the three-months ended June 30, 2021, June 30, 2020 and June 28, 2019, the three and six-months ended September 30, 2021, September 30, 2020 and September 27, 2019, and the three and nine-months ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The following is a summary of the results of operations of the Company during each of those periods.
Three, Six and Nine Months Periods of 2022 compared to 2021:
Three-months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three-months ended June 30, 2020
Three-Months Ended Period-to-
June 30,
June 30,
Period Change
Revenue $ 6,510,577 $ 8,265,086 $ (1,754,509 )
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 4,739,742 5,736,255 (996,513 )
Selling, general and administrative 1,284,106 1,786,532 (502,426 )
Depreciation and amortization 175,916 146,130 29,786
Total operating expenses 6,199,764 7,668,917 (1,469,153 )
Operating income 310,813 596,169 (285,356 )
Other income (expense):
Other income (a) 2,130,606 27,897 2,102,709
Interest income (expense), net (8,973 ) 9,046
Total other income (expense), net 2,130,679 18,924 2,111,755
Income before provision for income taxes 2,441,492 615,093 1,826,399
Provision for income taxes (97,904 ) (140,856 ) 42,952
Net income $ 2,343,588 $ 474,237 $ 1,869,351
(a) For the three months ended June 30, 2022, other income consists of $2,103,885 of debt forgiveness income from the forgiveness of the PPP Loan (See Note 8 - PPP Loan and Note).
Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was $6,510,577, reflecting a decrease of $1,754,509, or 21.2%, as compared to $8,265,086 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Our revenues were negatively impacted by unprecedented reductions in demand in commercial aerospace due to two major factors. First, the worldwide grounding of the Boeing 737-Max jet following two crashes had a severe negative impact on demand for parts that we supply in support of that aircraft. Shortly thereafter, COVID-19 effectively grounded aircraft worldwide as air travel declined by approximately 90% in a matter of weeks. The commercial aerospace industry is still just recovering from this historic decline.
Cost of products sold for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was $4,739,742, reflecting a decrease of $996,513, or 17.4% as compared to $5,736,255 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was principally attributable to the 21.2% decrease in revenue.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was $1,284,106, reflecting a decrease of $502,426, or 28.1%, as compared to $1,786,532 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in COVID-19 related charges of $236,573 and a decrease in commission expense of $130,902.
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was $175,916, reflecting an increase of $29,786, or 20.4%, as compared to $146,130 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was principally attributable to capitalized leasehold improvements in our new Pennsylvania facility.
Total other income (expense) for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was income of $2,130,679, reflecting an increase of $2,111,755, as compared to income of $18,924 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the gain on the forgiveness of the PPP loan of $2,103,885.
Provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was $97,904, reflecting a decrease of $42,952 as compared to $140,856 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a lower effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2021, on account of the effect of the $2,103,885 gain on forgiveness of debt, which was not subject to income tax.
Three-months ended September 30, 2021 compared to Three-months ended September 30, 2020
Three-Months Ended Period-to-
September 30,
September 30,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 6,561,872 $ 9,538,479 $ (2,976,607 )
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 5,563,554 5,816,176 (252,622 )
Selling, general and administrative 1,180,275 1,659,188 (478,913 )
Depreciation and amortization 181,149 245,483 (64,334 )
Total operating expenses 6,924,978 7,720,847 (795,869 )
Operating (loss) income (363,106 ) 1,817,632 (2,180,738 )
Other income (expense):
Other income 50,839 50,816
Interest income (expense), net (5,791 ) 5,917
Total other income (expense), net 50,965 (5,768 ) 56,733
(Loss) income before (provision for) benefit from income taxes (312,141 ) 1,811,864 (2,124,005 )
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 69,914 (414,916 ) 484,830
Net (loss) income $ (242,227 ) $ 1,396,948 $ (1,639,175 )
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $6,561,872, reflecting a decrease of $2,976,607, or 31.2%, as compared to $9,538,479 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Our revenues were negatively impacted by unprecedented reductions in demand in commercial aerospace due to two major factors. First, the worldwide grounding of the Boeing 737-Max jet following two crashes had a severe negative impact on demand for parts that we supply in support of that aircraft. Shortly thereafter, COVID-19 effectively grounded aircraft worldwide as air travel declined by approximately 90% in a matter of weeks. The commercial aerospace industry is still just recovering from this historic decline.
Cost of products sold for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $5,563,554, reflecting a decrease of $252,622, or 4.3%, as compared to $5,816,176 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was principally attributable to the 31.2% decrease in revenue, offset by increases in manufacturing costs associated with scaling back operations to align with reductions in customer demand.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $1,180,275, reflecting a decrease of $478,913, or 28.9%, as compared to $1,659,188 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in commission expenses of $181,953 and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $139,372.
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $181,149, reflecting a decrease of $64,334, or 26.2%, as compared to $245,483 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to equipment reaching the end of its useful life.
Total other income (expense) for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was income of $50,965, reflecting an increase of $56,733, as compared to an expense of $5,768 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The change was primarily attributable to other income of $50,839.
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was a benefit of $69,914, as compared to a provision of $414,916 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The change was primarily attributable to a decrease in income before income taxes.
Six-months ended September 30, 2021 compared to six-months ended September 30, 2020
Six-Months Ended Period-to-
September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020 Period Change
Revenue $ 13,072,449 $ 17,803,565 $ (4,731,116 )
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 10,303,296 11,552,431 (1,249,135 )
Selling, general and administrative 2,464,381 3,445,720 (981,339 )
Depreciation and amortization 357,065 391,613 (34,548 )
Total operating expenses 13,124,742 15,389,764 (2,265,022 )
Operating (loss) income (52,293 ) 2,413,801 (2,466,094 )
Other income (expense):
Other income (a) 2,181,445 27,920 2,153,525
Interest income (expense), net (14,764 ) 14,963
Total other income (expense), net 2,181,644 13,156 2,168,488
Income before provision for income taxes 2,129,351 2,426,957 (297,606 )
Provision for income taxes (27,990 ) (555,772 ) 527,782
Net income $ 2,101,361 $ 1,871,185 $ 230,176
(a) For the six months ended September 30, 2022, other income consists of $2,103,885 of debt forgiveness income from the forgiveness of the PPP Loan (See Note 8 - PPP Loan and Note).
Revenue for the six months ended September 30, 2021 was $13,072,449, reflecting a decrease of 4,731,116, or 26.6%, as compared to $17,803,565 for the six months ended September 30, 2020. Our revenues were negatively impacted by unprecedented reductions in demand in commercial aerospace due to two major factors. First, the worldwide grounding of the Boeing 737-Max jet following two crashes had a severe negative impact on demand for parts that we supply in support of that aircraft. Shortly thereafter, COVID-19 effectively grounded aircraft worldwide as air travel declined by approximately 90% in a matter of weeks. The commercial aerospace industry is still just recovering from this historic decline.
Cost of products sold for the six months ended September 30, 2021 was $10,303,296, reflecting a decrease of $1,249,135, or 10.8%, as compared to $11,552,431 for the six months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was principally attributable to the 26.6% decrease in revenue, offset by increases in manufacturing costs associated with scaling back operations to align with reductions in customer demand.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended September 30, 2021 was $2,464,381, reflecting a decrease of $981,339 or 28.5%, as compared to $3,445,720 for the six months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in commission expenses of $312,855, a decrease in COVID-19 related charges of $237,043 and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $211,943.
Depreciation and amortization for the six months ended September 30, 2021 was $357,065, reflecting a decrease of $34,548, or 8.8%, as compared to $391,613 for the six months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to equipment reaching the end of its useful life.
Total other income (expense) for the six months ended September 30, 2021 was income of $2,181,644, reflecting an increase of $2,168,488, as compared to income of $13,156 for the six months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the gain on the forgiveness of the PPP loan of $2,103,885 in the first quarter of the fiscal year 2022.
Provision for income taxes for the six months ended September 30, 2021 was $27,990, reflecting a decrease of $527,782 or 95.0%, as compared to $555,772 for the six months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a lower effective income tax rate in fiscal year ended 2022, as the debt forgiveness of the PPP loan was not subject to income tax
Three-months ended December 31, 2021 compared to three-months ended December 31, 2020
Three-Months Ended Period-to-
December 31,
December 31,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 5,814,132 $ 8,397,523 $ (2,583,391 )
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 4,546,524 4,683,903 (137,379 )
Selling, general and administrative 1,320,001 2,193,989 (873,988 )
Depreciation and amortization 226,338 204,300 22,038
Total operating expenses 6,092,863 7,082,192 (989,329 )
Operating (loss) income (278,731 ) 1,315,331 (1,594,062 )
Other income (expense):
Other income 14,516 28,324 (13,808 )
Interest income (expense), net (75 )
Total other income (expense), net 14,585 28,468 (13,883 )
(Loss) income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes (264,146 ) 1,343,799 (1,607,945 )
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 59,164 (307,800 ) 366,964
Net (loss) income $ (204,982 ) $ 1,035,999 $ (1,240,981 )
Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was $5,814,132, reflecting a decrease of $2,583,391, or 30.8%, as compared to $8,397,523 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. Our revenues were negatively impacted by unprecedented reductions in demand in commercial aerospace due to two major factors. First, the worldwide grounding of the Boeing 737-Max jet following two crashes had a severe negative impact on demand for parts that we supply in support of that aircraft. Shortly thereafter, COVID-19 effectively grounded aircraft worldwide as air travel declined by approximately 90% in a matter of weeks. The commercial aerospace industry is still just recovering from this historic decline.
Cost of products sold for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was $4,546,524, reflecting a decrease of $137,379, or 2.9%, as compared to $4,683,903 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was principally attributable to the 30.8% decrease in revenue, offset by increases in manufacturing costs associated with scaling back operations to align with reductions in customer demand.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was $1,320,001, reflecting a decrease of $873,988, or 39.8%, as compared to $2,193,989 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $959,904, offset by an increase in professional service fees of $83,316 and an increase in salaries and other related benefits of $46,253.
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was $226,338, reflecting an increase of $22,038, or 10.8%, as compared to $204,300 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to capitalized leasehold improvements in our new Pennsylvania facility.
Total other income (expense) for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was income $14,585, reflecting a decrease of $13,883, or 48.8%, as compared to income of $28,468 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in other income of $13,808.
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was a benefit of $59,164, as compared to a provision of $307,800 for the three months ended December 31, 2020. The change was primarily attributable to a decrease in income before income taxes.
Nine-months ended December 31, 2021 compared to nine-months ended December 31, 2020
Nine-Months Ended Period-to-
December 31,
December 31,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 18,886,581 $ 26,201,088 $ (7,314,507 )
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 14,849,820 16,236,334 (1,386,514 )
Selling, general and administrative 3,784,382 5,639,709 (1,855,327 )
Depreciation and amortization 583,403 595,913 (12,510 )
Total operating expenses 19,217,605 22,471,956 (3,254,351 )
Operating (loss) income (331,024 ) 3,729,132 (4,060,156 )
Other income (expense):
Other income (a) 2,195,961 56,244 2,139,717
Interest income (expense), net (14,620 ) 14,888
Total other income (expense), net 2,196,229 41,624 2,154,605
Income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes 1,865,205 3,770,756 (1,905,551 )
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 31,174 (863,572 ) 894,746
Net income $ 1,896,379 $ 2,907,184 $ (1,010,805 )
(a) For the nine months ended December 30, 2022, other income consists of $2,103,885 of debt forgiveness income from the forgiveness of the PPP Loan (See Note 8 - PPP Loan and Note).
Revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 was $18,886,581, reflecting a decrease of $7,314,507, or 27.9%, as compared to $26,201,088 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. Our revenues were negatively impacted by unprecedented reductions in demand in commercial aerospace due to two major factors. First, the worldwide grounding of the Boeing 737-Max jet following two crashes had a severe negative impact on demand for parts that we supply in support of that aircraft. Shortly thereafter, COVID-19 effectively grounded aircraft worldwide as air travel declined by approximately 90% in a matter of weeks. The commercial aerospace industry is still just recovering from this historic decline.
Cost of products sold for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 was $14,849,820, reflecting a decrease of $1,386,514, or 8.5%, as compared to $16,236,334 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was principally attributable to the 27.9% decrease in revenue, offset by increases in manufacturing costs associated with scaling back operations to align with reductions in customer demand.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 was $3,784,382, reflecting a decrease of $1,855,327, or 32.9%, as compared to $5,639,709 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $1,171,838 and a decrease in COVID-19 related charges of $242,540.
Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 was $583,403, reflecting a decrease of $12,510, or 2.1%, as compared to $595,913 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to equipment reaching the end of its useful life.
Total other income (expense) for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 was income of $2,196,229, reflecting an increase of $2,154,605, as compared to income of $41,624 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the gain on the forgiveness of the PPP loan of $2,103,885 in the first quarter of the fiscal year 2022.
Benefit from (provision for) the nine months ended December 31, 2021 was a benefit of $31,174, as compared to a provision of $863,572 for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The change was primarily attributable to a lower effective income tax rate in fiscal year ended 2022, as the debt forgiveness of the PPP loan was not subject to income tax, as well as a lower income before income taxes.
Three, Six and Nine Months Periods of Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2021 compared to periods within the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 (As Restated):
Three-months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three-months ended June 28, 2019
Three-Months Ended Period-to-
June 30,
June 28,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 8,265,086 $ 7,567,398 $ 697,688
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 5,736,255 4,820,944 915,311
Selling, general and administrative 1,786,532 1,113,833 672,699
Depreciation and amortization 146,130 236,620 (90,490 )
Total operating expenses 7,668,917 6,171,397 1,497,520
Operating income 596,169 1,396,001 (799,832 )
Other income (expense):
Other income 27,897 8,898 18,999
Interest income (expense), net (8,973 ) (13,927 ) 4,954
Total other income (expense), net 18,924 (5,029 ) 23,953
Income before provision for income taxes 615,093 1,390,972 (775,879 )
Provision for income taxes (140,856 ) (481,439 ) 340,583
Net income $ 474,237 $ 909,533 $ (435,296 )
Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $8,265,086, reflecting an increase of $697,688, or 9.2%, as compared to $7,567,398 for the three months ended June 28, 2019. The increase was primarily a result of the Company’s efforts in increasing sales in the military sector, driven by demands for military spending for national security.
Cost of products sold for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $5,736,255, reflecting an increase of $915,311, or 19%, as compared to $4,820,944 for the three months ended June 28, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in revenue and increases in production costs compensation and materials.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $1,786,532, reflecting an increase of $672,699, or 60.4%, as compared to $1,113,833 for the three months ended June 28, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $263,600 and an increase in COVID-19 related charges of $236,573, offset by a decrease in travel and entertainments expenses of $85,467.
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $146,130, reflecting a decrease of $90,490 or 38.2%, as compared to $236,620 for the three months ended June 28, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to equipment reaching the end of its useful life.
Total other income (expense) for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was income $18,924, reflecting an increase of $23,953, as compared to expense of $5,029 for the three months ended June 28, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to other income of $27,897, offset by interest expense of $9,602 related to the PPP loan.
Provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $140,856, reflecting an decreased of $340,583 as compared to $481,439 for the three months ended June 28, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a lower level of income before income taxes in the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the prior period.
Three-months ended September 30, 2020 compared to three-months ended September 27, 2019 (As Restated)
Three-Months Ended
As Restated Period-to-
September 30,
September 27,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 9,538,479 $ 7,551,384 $ 1,987,095
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 5,816,176 7,197,810 (1,381,634 )
Selling, general and administrative 1,659,188 2,116,610 (457,422 )
Depreciation and amortization 245,483 223,333 22,150
Total operating expenses 7,720,847 9,537,753 (1,816,906 )
Operating income (loss) 1,817,632 (1,986,369 ) 3,804,001
Other income (expense):
Other income (expense) 7,976 (7,953 )
Interest income (expense), net (5,791 ) (19,816 ) 14,025
Total other income (expense), net (5,768 ) (11,840 ) 6,072
Income (loss) before (provision for) benefit from income taxes 1,811,864 (1,998,209 ) 3,810,073
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes (414,916 ) 781,898 (1,196,814 )
Net income (loss) $ 1,396,948 $ (1,216,311 ) $ 2,613,259
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $9,538,479, reflecting an increase of $1,987,095, or 26.3%, as compared to $7,551,384 for the three months ended September 27, 2019. The increase was primarily a result of the Company’s efforts in increasing sales in the military sector, driven by demands for military spending for national security.
Cost of products sold for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $5,816,176, reflecting a decrease of $1,381,634, or 19.2%, as compared to $7,197,810 for the three months ended September 27, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower production costs and true-up adjustments to inventory in connection with the Company’s transition to its new enterprise reporting system.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $1,659,188, reflecting a decrease of $457,422, or 21.6%, as compared to $2,116,610 for the three months ended September 27, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $748,144, offset by an increase in commission expenses of $109,009, an increase in professional service fees of $74,940 and an increase in salaries, wages and related benefits of $39,471.
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $245,483, reflecting an increase of $22,150, or 9.9%, as compared to $223,333 for the three months ended September 27, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to depreciation of additional machinery and equipment purchased.
Total other income (expense) for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was an expense of $5,768, reflecting an increase of $6,072, or 51.3%, as compared to expense of $11,840 for the three months ended September 27, 2019.
The (provision for) benefit from income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was a provision of $414,916, as compared a benefit of $781,898 for the three months ended September 27, 2019. The change was primarily attributable to a lower income before income tax in the 2019 period, as compared to the 2020 period.
Six-months ended September 30, 2020 compared to six-months ended September 27, 2019 (As Restated)
Six-Months Ended
As Restated Period-to-
September 30,
September 27,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 17,803,565 $ 15,118,782 $ 2,684,783
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 11,552,431 12,018,754 (466,323 )
Selling, general and administrative 3,445,720 3,230,443 215,277
Depreciation and amortization 391,613 459,953 (68,340 )
Total operating expenses 15,389,764 15,709,150 (319,386 )
Operating income 2,413,801 (590,368 ) 3,004,169
Other income (expense):
Other income (expense) 27,920 16,874 11,046
Interest income (expense), net (14,764 ) (33,743 ) 18,979
Total other income (expense), net 13,156 (16,869 ) 30,025
Income (loss) before (provision for) benefit from income taxes 2,426,957 (607,237 ) 3,034,194
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes (555,772 ) 300,459 (856,231 )
Net income $ 1,871,185 $ (306,778 ) $ 2,177,963
Revenue for the six months ended September 30, 2020 was $17,803,565, reflecting an increase of $2,684,783, or 17.8%, as compared to $15,118,782 for the six months ended September 27, 2019. The increase was primarily a result of the Company’s efforts in increasing sales in the military section driven by stronger demand for spending for national security.
Cost of products sold for the six months ended September 30, 2020 was $11,552,431, reflecting a decrease of $466,323, or 3.9%, as compared to $12,018,754 for the six months ended September 27, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in production costs as a percentage of revenue.
Selling, general and administrative for the six months ended September 30, 2020 was $3,445,720, reflecting an increase of $215,277, or 6.7%, as compared to $3,230,443 for the six months ended September 27, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in COVID-19 related charges of $237,043, professional service fees of $183,403, commission expenses of $123,344 and salaries, wages and other related benefits of $121,673, offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $420,859.
Depreciation and amortization for the six months ended September 30, 2020 was $391,613, reflecting a decrease of $68,340 or 14.9%, as compared to $459,953 for the six months ended September 27, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to machinery reaching the end of its useful life.
Total other income (expense) for the six months ended September 30, 2020 was income of $13,156, reflecting an increase of $30,025 as compared to an expense of $16,869 for the six months ended September 27, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to other income of $27,907.
The (provision for) benefit from income taxes for the six months ended September 30, 2020 was a provision of $555,772, as compared to a benefit of $300,459 for the six months ended September 27, 2019. The change was primarily attributable to a lower income before income tax in the 2019 period, as compared to the 2020 period.
Three-months ended December 31, 2020 compared to three-months ended December 31, 2019 (As Restated)
Three-Months Ended
As Restated Period-to-
December 31,
December 31,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 8,397,523 $ 8,424,657 $ (27,134 )
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 4,683,903 5,060,882 (376,979 )
Selling, general and administrative 2,193,989 1,469,197 724,792
Depreciation and amortization 204,300 237,764 (33,464 )
Total operating expenses 7,082,192 6,767,843 314,349
Operating income 1,315,331 1,656,814 (341,483 )
Other income (expense):
Other income (expense) 28,324 6,025 22,299
Interest income (expense), net (17,263 ) 17,407
Total other income (expense), net 28,468 (11,238 ) 39,706
Income before provision for income taxes 1,343,799 1,645,576 (301,777 )
Provision for income taxes (307,800 ) (673,491 ) 365,691
Net income $ 1,035,999 $ 972,085 $ 63,914
Revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $8,397,523 reflecting a decrease of $27,134, or 0.3%, as compared to $8,424,657 for the three months ended December 31, 2019.
Cost of products sold for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $4,683,903, reflecting a decrease of $376,979, or 7.4%, as compared to $5,060,882 for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in production costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $2,193,989 reflecting an increase of $724,792, or 49.3%, as compared to $1,469,197 for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $757,901, offset by a decrease in commission expenses of $58,935.
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $204,300 reflecting a decrease of $33,464, or 14.1%, as compared to $237,764 for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to equipment reaching the end of its useful life.
Total other income (expense) for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was income of $28,468, reflecting an increase of $39,706, as compared to expense of $11,238 for the three months ended December 31, 2019.
The provision for income taxes for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $307,800, reflecting a decrease of $365,691 or 54.3%, as compared to $673,491 for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a lower income tax rate, net of federal benefit in 2021 compared to 2020.
Nine-months ended December 31, 2020 compared to nine-months ended December 31, 2019 (As Restated)
Nine-Months Ended
As Restated Period-to-
December 31,
December 31,
Period
Change
Revenue $ 26,201,088 $ 23,542,266 $ 2,658,822
Operating expenses:
Cost of products sold 16,236,334 17,078,463 (842,129 )
Selling, general and administrative 5,639,709 4,699,640 940,069
Depreciation and amortization 595,913 697,717 (101,804 )
Total operating expenses 22,471,956 22,475,820 (3,864 )
Operating income 3,729,132 1,066,446 2,662,686
Other income (expense):
Other income 56,244 22,899 33,345
Interest income (expense), net (14,620 ) (51,006 ) 36,386
Total other income (expense), net 41,624 (28,107 ) 69,731
Income before provision for income taxes 3,770,756 1,038,339 2,732,417
Provision for income taxes (863,572 ) (373,032 ) (490,540 )
Net income $ 2,907,184 $ 665,307 $ 2,241,877
Revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2020 was $26,201,088, reflecting an increase of $2,658,822, or 11.3%, as compared to $23,542,266 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. The increase in revenue was primarily a result of the Company’s efforts in increasing sales in the military sector.
Cost of products sold for the nine months ended December 31, 2020 was $16,236,334, reflecting a decrease of $842,129, or 4.9%, as compared to $17,078,463 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in production costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2020 was $5,639,709, reflecting an increase of $940,069, or 20.0%, as compared to $4,699,640 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in stock-based compensation of $337,042, COVID-19 related charges of $242,540 and an increase in professional services fees of $203,112.
Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended December 31, 2020 was $595,913, reflecting a decrease of $101,804, or 14.6%, as compared to $697,717 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was attributable to equipment reaching the end of its useful life.
Total other income (expense) for the nine months ended December 31, 2020 was income of $41,624, reflecting an increase of $69,731, as compared to expense of $28,107 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in other income of $56,244.
The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended December 31, 2020 was $863,572, reflecting an increase of $490,540 as compared to $373,032 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in income before income tax in the 2020 period, as compared to the 2019 period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources:
Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are working capital, inventory, capital expenditures, public company costs and general corporate needs. We expect these needs to continue as we further develop and grow our business. For the year ended March 31, 2022, our primary sources of liquidity came from existing cash. Based on our current plans and business conditions, we believe that existing cash, together with cash generated from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements, and we are not aware of any trends or demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in a decrease in liquidity of our assets. We may require additional capital to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and in either the short-term or long-term may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. In particular, rising inflation and interest rates, the 2023 banking crisis and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine have resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption and volatility in the global financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital. If we are unable to raise additional funds when or on the terms desired, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
As of March 31, 2022, our cash balance was $12,675,271. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, we recorded net income of $1,438,134, which included within other income, a gain in the amount of $2,103,885 for the forgiveness of our PPP Loan. As of March 31, 2022, we had working capital of $25,508,882.
Our principal source of liquidity is cash flows generated by operating activities.
Cash Flow Activities for the Years Ended March 31, 2022 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2021
The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021:
Fiscal Years Ended Period-to-
March 31,
March 31,
Period
Change
Cash flow provided by (used in)
Operating activities 1,414,493 4,839,738 (3,425,245 )
Investing activities (2,646,764 ) (759,914 ) (1,886,850 )
Financing activities - 2,067,661 (2,067,661 )
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (1,232,271 ) $ 6,147,485 $ (7,379,756 )
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,414,493 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $3,425,245, as compared to $4,839,738 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the decrease in net income (as adjusted for the non-cash gain on forgiveness of debt), the increases inventories and the corporate income taxes receivable, offset principally by increases in accounts receivable.
Net cash used in investing activities was $2,646,764 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $1,886,850, as compared to a use of $759,914 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The increase in cash used in investing activities was due principally to costs incurred for the buildout of our new Pennsylvania location.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $2,067,661 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021. The net cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 was principally attributable to the proceeds from our PPP Loan.
Cash Flow Activities for the Years Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2020 (As Restated)
The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020:
Fiscal Years Ended
As Restated Period-to-
March 31,
March 31,
Period
Change
Cash flow provided by (used in)
Operating activities 4,839,738 1,683,413 3,156,325
Investing activities (759,914 ) (969,400 ) 209,486
Financing activities 2,067,661 (34,082 ) 2,101,743
Increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 6,147,485 $ 679,931 $ 5,467,554
Net cash provided by operating activities was $4,839,739 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, an increase of $3,156,325, as compared to $1,683,413 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase in net income, decreases in accounts receivable and the net decrease in corporate income tax payable.
Net cash used in investing activities was $759,914 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $209,486, as compared to $969,400 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was principally due to reduced investment in machinery and equipment during the period.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,067,661 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, an increase of $2,101,743, as compared to net used in financing activities of $34,082 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was due principally to proceeds from the PPP loan of $2,103,885 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2021.
PPP Loan and Note
On April 13, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured note (the “PPP Note”) evidencing an unsecured loan (“PPP Loan”) in a principal amount of $2,103,885 pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) under the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The PPP Loan was administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration and the Company’s loan was made through JP Morgan Chase Bank. The PPP Loan bore interest at a fixed interest rate of one (1%) percent per year and had a maturity date two (2) years after the issuance date. Payment of interest was deferred for the first six (6) months. Beginning on the seventh month following the date of the PPP Note (November 2020), the Company was required to make 18 payments of equal monthly installments of principal and interest with the final payment due in April 2022. The PPP Note provided for customary events of default including, among other things, cross-defaults on any other loan with JP Morgan Chase Bank. The proceeds of the PPP Loan were used for payroll costs, costs related to certain group health care benefits, rent payments, utility payments, mortgage interest payments, interest payments on other debt obligation that were incurred before February 15, 2020. On April 21, 2021, the Company received notice that the original PPP loan was forgiven. The Company recorded the forgiveness of the principal balance of $2,103,885 as debt forgiveness income in the quarter ending June 30, 2021.
Backlog of Orders
The backlog of orders for the Company’s products amounted to approximately $7,909,000 at March 31, 2022 as compared to $13,673,000 at March 31, 2021 and $21,552,000 at March 31, 2020. The orders in backlog at March 31, 2022 are expected to ship over the next twelve months depending on customer requirements and product availability.
Inflation
We believe that inflation has begun to and is expected to have a material effect on our operations in the immediate future. Management will continue to monitor inflation and evaluate the possible future effects of inflation on our business and operations.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not required.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See our audited Financial Statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 which follows Item 16 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in paragraph (e) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified under the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. As required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer) carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2022.
We filed our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2019 and thereafter filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Subsequently, we concluded that these three reports were not to be relied upon and that the Company intended to file amended filings for such periods. Specifically, we determined that inventory reporting within such reports included errors. We concluded that the impact of applying corrections for errors in inventory, costs of products sold and by result, income taxes, for these periods was materially different from our previously reported results.
Management has used the framework set forth in the report entitled Internal Control-Integrated Framework published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), known as COSO, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The following material weaknesses have been identified:
● Certain of the Company’s controls associated with reconciliations of inventory, cost of products sold and income taxes, as well as for the calculation of stock-based compensation awards, were not operating effectively. These deficiencies, combined with inadequate compensating review controls, resulted in material misstatements, individually in the financial statements and represents a material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
● The Company has not established an effective control environment due to the ineffective design and implementation of Information Technology General Controls (“ITGC”). The Company’s ITGC deficiencies included improperly designed controls pertaining to change management and user access rights over systems that are critical to the Company’s system of financial reporting. The ITGC deficiencies, combined with a lack of properly designed management review controls to compensate for these deficiencies, represent a material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
As of March 31, 2022, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were not effective based upon the identified material weaknesses noted above.
Management is actively engaged in the planning for and implementation of remediation efforts to address the identified material weaknesses. The remediation plan includes (i) the engaging of additional experienced financial resources, (ii) the development and implementation of enhanced controls designed to evaluate the appropriateness of policies and procedures, (iii) the implementation of review and monitoring of transactions to ensure compliance with the new policies and procedures, (iv) improvements in the design and implementation of enhanced monitoring of ITGC controls, and (v) the enhanced training of personnel.
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving their objectives. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgement and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Due to their inherent limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. It is possible to design safeguards to reduce, but not eliminate, this risk. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for our company.
Mitigation Steps
In order to address the material weaknesses stated above, Management and the Board of Directors undertook the following mitigation steps:
●
hiring and/or engagement of additional qualified resources;
●
the implementation of new controls designed to enhance the monthly and quarterly financial close process;
●
the implementation of additional review and monitoring of transactions to ensure compliance with the new policies and procedures;
● the implementation of improvements in the design and implementation of enhanced monitoring of ITGC controls;
● the training of personnel responsible for preparation and review of financial information.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements or fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to SEC rules, which permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors or all instances of fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of its inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
(c) Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation of our internal controls that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Officers and Directors
As of March 31, 2022, the executive officers and directors of the Company are as follows:
Name
Age
Office
Class
David Offerman
Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer
II
William H. Craig
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (through May 17, 2023) (1)
Allen Gottlieb
Director
II
Gerald E. Chafetz
Director
II
Eric C. Hugel
Director
I
Sonia Marciano
Director
I
Michael E. Rosenfeld
Director
I
(1) Effective May 19, 2023, Subrata Purkayastha was appointed to the positions of Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.
IEH’s Certificate of Incorporation provides that the directors of the Company are to be elected in two (2) classes; each class to be elected to a staggered two (2) year term and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The Board of Directors currently consists of six (6) members divided into two classes with three Class I Members (Mr. Hugel, Ms. Marciano and Mr. Rosenfeld) and three Class II Members (Mr. David Offerman, Mr. Gottlieb and Mr. Chafetz). All officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
David Offerman. On March 26, 2017, Mr. Offerman was elected to the positions of Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer. David succeeded his late father, Michael Offerman, who passed away on March 24, 2017. David Offerman has been a member of IEH’s Board of Directors since July 15, 2016. Prior to March 24, 2017, he was the Vice President - Sales and Marketing of the Company. He joined the Company in September 2004 as the National Sales Manager and was appointed to Vice President - Sales and Marketing in April 2011. Prior to joining IEH, Mr. Offerman worked as an account executive and sales manager in the telecommunication industry.
Mr. Offerman graduated from the University of Michigan in 1997 with a Bachelor of Arts in film and communications. In 2016, he received an MBA from the NYU Stern School of Business with a concentration in leadership and management. We believe Mr. Offerman’s expertise in manufacturing, sales and strategy along with his extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified to serve as a director of our Company.
William H. Craig On August 27, 2020, the Company appointed William H. Craig as its new Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. His appointment became effective on the next business day following the Company filing its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and upon the official retirement date of the current Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, Robert Knoth. From March 2012 to March 2020, Mr. Craig served as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Tarantin Industries, Inc., a family owned industrial distributor based in Freehold, NJ with operations in the eastern third of the U.S. From October 2007 to September 2011, Mr. Craig served as Chief Financial Officer of Fifth Street Capital, Inc., an externally managed closed end non-diversified Regulated Investment Company operating as a Business Development Company and based in White Plains, NY. From March 2005 to September 2007, he was the executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Vital Signs, Inc., a medical device manufacturer based in the United States with global operations. Vital Signs, headquartered in Totowa, NJ, is a NASDAQ listed company (VITL). From 1999 to 2004, Mr. Craig served as the Executive Vice President of Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer of Matheson Tri- Gas, Inc., an industrial specialty gas company with global operations including 20 significant plants in the U.S., nearly 100 retail outlets and production/marketing joint ventures in Europe and Asia. From 1997 to 1999, he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Empire of Carolina, an AMEX-listed consumer products company.
On September 21, 2022, the Company entered into a new employment agreement with Mr. Craig effective as of July 1, 2022 and such agreement would have expired on June 30, 2027. Mr. Craig resigned his employment with the Company, effective May 17, 2023.
Subrata Purkayastha. On May 19, 2022, the Company appointed Subrata Purkayastha as its Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Ms. Purkayastha appointment became effective on May 19, 2023. Ms. Purkayastha has served as Controller of the Company since November 2021. Prior to joining the Company, from January 2019 to May 2021, Ms. Purkayastha served as Controller of Sprouts Foods, Inc., a producer and distributor of premium organic foods intended for babies and toddlers. From July 2017 to January 2019, Ms. Purkayastha served as Accounting Manager at Sprouts Foods, Inc. where she provided timely and accurate financial reporting to the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and private equity partners. Prior to Sprout Foods Inc., from July 2015 to June 2017, Ms. Purkayastha served as Accounting Manager of Champions Oncology, Inc., a publicly-traded company engaged in the development of advanced technology solution and services to personalize the development of oncology drug development. Ms. Purkayastha holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Carson-Newman University in Jefferson City, Tennessee and also received a Masters in Arts degree with a focus in International Banking and Finance from Fordham University. Ms. Purkayastha is also a Certified Public Accountant.
Allen Gottlieb. Mr. Gottlieb has been a board member since 1992. He has a BS from NYU in Accounting and Finance, and an LL.B. and JD from Brooklyn Law School. He currently operates his own firm specializing in Labor Relations and Human Resources consulting. He also has extensive entrepreneurial experience in manufacturing, distribution, logistics, and hospitality, in both domestic and international markets. The company believes that his broad experience as well as his knowledge of IEH qualifies him to serve as a director of our Company.
Gerald Chafetz. Mr. Chafetz has been a member of the Company’s Board of Directors since 2009. He is President of GEC Enterprises, LLC since 2011. GEC Enterprises, LLC is a property management company headquartered in Rockville Centre, New York. He was previously President of Capitol City Companies. Prior to founding Capitol City Companies, he had an extended 22-year executive career in the textile industry with several knitwear and high fashion manufacturers, including Arista Knitwear, Berwick Fashion Knitwear and Beged-or Knitwear. Mr. Chafetz graduated from the University of Hartford in 1965 with a Bachelor of Science degree in business. We believe Mr. Chafetz’s expertise in executive management and manufacturing along with his extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified to serve as a director of our Company.
Eric C. Hugel, CPA, CFA. Eric C. Hugel has been a member of IEH’s Board of Directors since July 15, 2016. Since May 2023, he has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Americraft Marine Group LLC, a company with the mission to support and strengthen the U.S. shipbuilding industry and infrastructure. From July 2014 to May 2023, Mr. Hugel served as the Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hugel Corporation, an online retailer. From March 2013 to February 2014, Mr. Hugel held the position of Senior Institutional Specialist in U.S. Fundamental Equity Research Analyst at McGraw Hill Financial - S&P Capital IQ providing investment advisory services. In particular he provided research and analysis in the U.S. aerospace and defense and industrial conglomerates sectors. From July 2002 through June 2012 he was a managing director at Stephens Inc. providing investment research and analytical services in the U.S. aerospace and defenses sectors. Mr. Hugel graduated from Lehigh University in 1993 with a Bachelor of Science in accounting. We believe Mr. Hugel’s expertise in manufacturing in the aerospace industry and finance along with his extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified to serve as a director of our Company.
Dr. Sonia Marciano. Dr. Sonia Marciano has been a member of IEH’s Board of Directors since July 15, 2016. She is a clinical professor at the NYU Stern School of Business since July 2007 where she teaches courses and manages academic programs. She graduated from the University of Chicago in 1984 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. In 2000, Dr. Marciano received from the University of Chicago her MBA in Economics and Finance and her PhD in Business Economics. We believe Dr. Marciano’s expertise in corporate strategy along with her extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make her well qualified to serve as a director of our Company.
Michael E. Rosenfeld has been a member of the Company’s Board of Directors since 2018. He is a co-founder, Principal, and Chief Operating Officer of Olive Tree Holdings, a mission driven private investment company headquartered in New York City, Atlanta, and Houston specializing in the acquisition, management and transformation of multifamily communities across dynamically growing markets within the U.S. With vertically integrated asset management, property management, construction, technology, and marketing services, Olive Tree Holdings devises 360-degree business plans to dramatically increase the value of its invested assets while creating a higher standard of living for its residents. To date, the firm has a lifetime portfolio value of $2 billion, has acquired and transformed 16,000 units of workforce and affordable housing across 8 states. From 2013-2016 he was Vice President and Chief of Staff at Bert E. Brodsky & Associates, Inc., a private investment firm with a diverse portfolio of companies across several industries. Prior to that from 2006-2013, he served as Vice President of Business Development of Mobile Health Management Services, Inc., a subsidiary of Bert Brodsky & Associates, Inc. Mr. Rosenfeld received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Emory University in 2006, and his Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Corporate Finance from the New York University Stern School of Business in 2016. We believe Mr. Rosenfeld’s expertise in finance and accounting along with his extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified to serve as a director of our Company.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s directors and officers and persons who own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s common stock, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock.
Officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) reports that they file. Based solely on review of the copies of such reports received by the Company, the Company believes that filing requirements applicable to officers, directors and 10% shareholders were complied with during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
Director Independence; Meetings of Directors; Corporate Governance; Committees of the Board
Our Board of Directors currently consists of six individuals. Five of our directors are “independent” as defined in the Marketplace Rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, our Board of Directors held four meetings, the Audit Committee met informally on two occasions to discuss the Company’s progress in preparing its updated Form 10-K and 10-Qs, and the Compensation Committee held one meeting.
During the fiscal year ended March 29, 2019, our Board of Directors approved the formation of an audit committee and a compensation committee, and each committee would initially have three (3) members consisting of independent directors. Prior to March 29, 2019, our full Board of Directors handled audit and compensation matters. The Board nominated the following directors to each such committee: (i) Audit Committee - Eric Hugel (Chair), Allen Gottlieb and Michael E. Rosenfeld; and (ii) Compensation Committee - Gerald Chafetz (Chair), Michael E. Rosenfeld and Dr. Sonia Marciano. Each of these Board committees has a written charter approved by the Board of Directors. Each of the charters of these Board committees is available on the Company’s website, www.iehcorp.com (click on “Investors”, then on “Corporate Governance”.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, a general description of the duties of the committees were as follows:
Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee acts to: (i) review with management the finances, financial condition and interim financial statements of the Company; (ii) review with our independent registered public accounting firm the quarterly and year-end financial statements; (iii) review implementation with the independent registered public accounting firm and management any action recommended by the independent registered public accounting firm; and (iv) engage, retain and terminate our independent registered public accounting firm. Mr. Hugel, the Chair of the Audit Committee was also designated as our Audit Committee Financial Expert.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, all of the members of our Audit Committee were “independent” within the definition of that term as provided by NASDAQ rules. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Audit Committee met informally on two occasions to discuss the Company’s progress in preparing its updated Form 10-Ks and 10-Qs.
Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee acts to: (i) review, approve and administer compensation arrangements for our executive officers; (ii) administer our equity-based compensation plans, (iii) establish and review general policies relating to the compensation and benefits of our executive officers and other personnel, (iv) evaluate the relationship between executive officer compensation policies and practices and corporate risk management to confirm those policies and practices do not incentivize excessive risk-taking, and (iv) evaluate and makes recommendations to our Board of Directors regarding the compensation of our non-employee directors. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, the Compensation Committee held one meeting.
The Board did not adopt any modifications to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to its Board of Directors.
Code of Ethics. The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics, which has been made available on its website https://www.iehcorp.com/ethics-code

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth below the summary compensation paid or accrued by the Company during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively, for the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer:
Name and Principal Position Year Salary ($)(1) Bonus ($)(2) Option
Awards ($)(3) All Other
Compensation($)(4) Total ($)
David Offerman 459,868 - - 1,731 461,599
Chief Executive Officer, President 437,627 75,000 - 1,519 514,146
394,992 65,000 2,274,858 - 2,734,850
William H. Craig(5) 237,002 - - 237,867
Chief Financial Officer 167,990 50,000 755,000 - 972,990
Robert Knoth(6) 110,999 - - - 110,999
(Former) Chief Financial Officer 221,998 40,000 - - 261,998
(1) Amounts reported in this column reflect the base salaries earned during the applicable year.
(2) Amounts reported in this column are related to the Cash Bonus Plan that was adopted in 1987.
(3) Amounts reported in this column for fiscal years 2020 and 2021 reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of stock options awarded in fiscal years 2020 and 2021, computed in accordance with ASC 718. These amounts reflect our calculation of the value of these awards, and do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may ultimately be realized by the NEOs. See Note 12 to the Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 for a discussion of the relevant assumptions used in calculating these amounts.
(4) Amounts reported in this column are related to COVID-19 benefit payments.
(5) Mr. Craig commenced employment as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer on October 9, 2020. Mr. Craig resigned his employment with the Company, effective May 17, 2023.
(6) Mr. Knoth retired as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer effective October 9, 2020.
David Offerman - Employment Agreement
On July 29, 2019, IEH entered into an employment agreement with David Offerman, its Chief Executive Officer and President. The employment agreement with Mr. Offerman is effective as of July 29, 2019 and will expire on December 31, 2024. Under the employment agreement, Mr. Offerman receives a base salary of $395,000 per annum and is eligible to receive an annual bonus of up to 100% of base salary for each fiscal year of employment based on performance targets and other key objectives established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
During the term of the employment agreement, he is also eligible to receive equity or performance awards pursuant to any long-term incentive compensation plan adopted by the Compensation Committee.
In the event of the termination of Mr. Offerman’s employment by us without “cause” or by him for “good reason”, as such terms are defined in the employment agreement, he would be entitled to: (a) a severance payment of 36 months of base salary; (b) continued participation in our health and welfare plans for up to 24 months; and (c) all accrued but unpaid compensation. Further, under the employment agreement, if within the three (3) year period of a “change in control” (as defined in the employment agreement) either Mr. Offerman’s employment is terminated, or his title, position or responsibilities are materially reduced and he terminates his employment, the Company shall pay and/or provide to him substantially the same compensation and benefits as if his termination was without “cause” or for “good reason”, subject to limitation to avoid the imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) if such payments would constitute an “excess parachute payment” as defined in Section 280G of the Code. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Offerman is subject to customary confidentiality, non-solicitation of employees and non-competition obligations that survive the termination of such agreement.
William H. Craig - Employment Agreement
On August 27, 2020, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Craig. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Craig’s appointment as its Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer became effective on the next business day following the Company filing its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and upon the official retirement date of the then current Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, Robert Knoth (“Effective Date”). From June 24, 2020 and up to the Effective Date, Mr. Craig served as a consultant to the Company. Under the initial agreement, Mr. Craig received a base salary of $225,000 per annum.
On September 21, 2022, the Company entered into a new employment agreement with Mr. Craig. The new employment agreement with Mr. Craig was effective as of July 1, 2022 and will expire on June 30, 2027. Under the new employment agreement, Mr. Craig will continue to serve as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of IEH and will receive a base salary of $247,200 per annum and be eligible to receive an annual bonus for each fiscal year of employment based on performance targets and other key objectives established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. During the term of the agreement, Mr. Craig shall also be eligible to receive equity or performance awards pursuant to any long-term incentive compensation plan adopted by the Committee or the Board of Directors. Mr. Craig may receive cash bonuses in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors for each fiscal year of employment and based on performance targets and other key objectives established by the Compensation Committee. The new agreement further provides for the payment of severance pay and continued participation in health and welfare plans for up to 24 months in the case of termination without cause or a change of control of the company. Mr. Craig is subject to customary confidentiality and non-compete obligations that survive the termination of the agreement. Mr. Craig resigned his employment with the Company, effective May 17, 2023.
Subrata Purkayastha - Employment Agreement
On June 1, 2023, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Purkayastha to serve as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.
The employment agreement with Ms. Purkayastha was effective as of June 1, 2023 and will expire on November 30, 2023. Under the employment agreement, Ms. Purkayastha will receive a base salary of $200,000 per annum and be eligible to receive a bonus based on performance targets and other key objectives established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The agreement further provides for the payment of severance pay and continued participation in health and welfare plans for up to 6 months in the case of termination without cause. Ms. Purkayastha is subject to customary confidentiality and non-compete obligations that survive the termination of the agreement.
Cash Bonus Plan
In 1987, the Company adopted the Cash Bonus Plan for non-union, management and administration staff. Contributions to the Cash Bonus Plan are made by the Company only when the Company is profitable for the fiscal year. Accordingly, the Company accrued a contribution provision of $408,000, $394,000 and $324,000 for the years ended March 31, 2022, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The accrued bonuses for the senior leadership team for the year ended March 31, 2022 in the amount of $270,250 have been deferred and not yet paid.
Stock Option Plans
On August 31, 2011, the Company’s shareholders approved the adoption of the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (“2011 Plan”) to provide for the grant of options to purchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to all employees, consultants and other eligible participants, including senior management. The 2011 Plan terminated on
August 30, 2021.
On November 18, 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved the adoption of the Company’s 2020 Equity Based Compensation Plan (the “2020 Plan”) to provide for the grant of options to purchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to all employees, consultants and other eligible participants, including senior management. The Plan permits the grant of Incentive Stock Options, Nonstatutory Stock Options, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Stock Appreciation Rights, Performance Units and Performance Shares. The plan will remain in effect until terminated or abandoned by action of the Board of Directors.
Options granted to employees under the 2011 Plan and 2020 Plan may be designated as options which qualify for incentive stock option treatment under Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code, or options which do not qualify (non-qualified stock options). Options granted to employees under the 2011 Plan may be designated as options which qualify for incentive stock option treatment under Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code, or option which do not so qualify.
Under the 2011 Plan and 2020 Plan, the exercise price of an option designated as an incentive stock option shall not be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the day the option is granted. In the event an option designated as an incentive stock option is granted to a ten percent (10%) shareholder, such exercise price shall be at least 110 percent (110%) of the fair market value or the Company’s common stock and the option must not be exercisable after the expiration of ten years from the day of the grant.
Exercise prices of non-incentive stock options may be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The aggregate fair market value of shares subject to options granted to a participant, which are designated as incentive stock options, and which become exercisable in any calendar year, shall not exceed $100,000.
Outstanding Equity Awards as of March 31, 2022
The following table sets forth certain information regarding outstanding equity awards granted to our named executive officers that remain outstanding as of March 31, 2022.
Option Awards
Name Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Exercisable Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Un-exercisable Option
Exercise
Price Option
Expiration
Date
David Offerman 46,217 - $ 6.00 7/1/2025
225,000 - $ 20.00 7/29/2029
William H. Craig 50,000 - $ 15.10 10/9/2030
Non-Employee Director Equity Awards
The following table sets forth certain information regarding outstanding equity awards granted to our non-employee directors that remain outstanding as of March 31, 2022.
Option Awards
Name Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Exercisable Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Un-exercisable Option
Exercise
Price Option
Expiration
Date
Allen Gottlieb - - N/A N/A
Gerald E. Chafetz 4,000 - $ 6.00 7/1/2025
Eric C. Hugel 5,000 - $ 5.30 8/15/2026
Sonia Marciano 5,000 - $ 5.30 8/15/2026
Michael E. Rosenfeld 5,000 - $ 12.75 10/27/2028
Non-Employee Director Compensation
The following table sets forth the compensation (cash and equity) received by our non-employee directors during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.
Name
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash Option
Awards Total
Allen Gottlieb. $ 10,000 $ - $ 10,000
Gerald E. Chafetz 12,500 - 12,500
Eric C. Hugel 12,500 - 12,500
Sonia Marciano. 10,000 - 10,000
Michael E. Rosenfeld 15,000 - 15,000
Non-executive directors will be compensated as follows:
● the annual director fee for our non-executive directors will be $5,000, payable quarterly;
● each director will receive an annual fee of $5,000 for service on each committee, payable quarterly;
● and the chairman of each committee will receive an additional annual fee of $2,500, payable quarterly.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The following table sets forth certain information as of June 22, 2023 with respect to: (i) the persons (including any “group” as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of any class of the Company’s voting securities; (ii) each Named Executive Officer and Director who owns common stock in the Company; and (iii) all Executive Officers and Directors as a group. As of June 22, 2023, there were 2,370,251 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The figures stated below are based upon Schedule 13Ds, Schedule 13D/As, Form 3s and Form 4s filed with the SEC by the named persons.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of our common stock as of June 22, 2023 by:
● each person or entity known by us to be beneficial owners of more than five percent of our common stock;
● each of our directors;
● each of our named executive officers; and
● all of our executive officers and directors as a group.
We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Under these rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares of common stock as to which the individual or entity has sole or shared voting power or investment power. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by an individual or entity and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options held by such person that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of June 22, 2023 are considered outstanding, although these shares are not considered outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o IEH Corporation, 140 58th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11220.
Each of the stockholders listed has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares beneficially owned by the stockholder unless noted otherwise, subject to community property laws where applicable.
Beneficial Ownership
Beneficial Owner Number of
Shares Percent of
Total
Greater than 5% Stockholders
David Offerman(1) 676,665 26 %
Gail Offerman(2) 499,606 21 %
Zeff Capital LP(3) 232,862 10 %
Cove Street Capital, LLC (4) 136,349 6 %
Directors and Named Executive Officers
David Offerman(1) 676,665 26 %
Gerald E. Chafetz(5) 9,000 *
Sonia Marciano(6) 10,000 *
Allen Gottlieb(7) 5,000 *
Michael E. Rosenfeld(8) 10,000 *
Eric Hugel(9) 10,000 *
William H. Craig (employment ended May 17, 2023)(10) 50,000 2 %
Subrata Purkayastha (appointed as officer on May 19, 2023)(11) 10,000 *
All executive officers and directors as a group (8 persons) 780,665 33 %
* Denotes ownership percentage of less than 1%.
All shares set forth above are owned directly by the named individual unless otherwise stated.
(1) Owns vested options to purchase 270,217 shares of common stock.
(2) Based on a Form 4 dated September 21, 2021 filed by the reporting person. The address of the principal business office of each of the reporting persons is 27110 Grand Central Parkway, APT. 10-V, Floral Park, NY 11005.
(3) Based on a Schedule 13G dated January 4, 2022 filed by the reporting person. The address of the principal business office of each of the reporting persons is 400 S. McCadden Pl., Los Angeles, CA 90020.
(4) Based on a Schedule 13D dated May 16, 2023 filed by the reporting person. The address of the principal business office of each of the reporting persons is 525 South Douglas Street, Suite 225, El Segundo, California, 90245.
(5) Owns vested options to purchase 9,000 shares of common stock.
(6) Owns vested options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock.
(7) Owns vested options to purchase 5,000 shares of common stock.
(8) Owns vested options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock.
(9) Owns vested options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock.
(10) Owns vested options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock.
(11) Owns vested options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information as of March 31, 2022, regarding shares of common stock that may be issued under the Company’s equity compensation plans (the “Equity Plan”). Information is included for both equity compensation plans approved by the Company’s stockholders and not approved by the Company’s stockholders.
Plan Category (a)
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights (b)
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights (c)
Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in
column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 482,217 $ 14.69 730,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders - - -
Total 482,217 $ 14.69 730,000

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Other than the employment terms for its executive officers as described elsewhere in this Form 10-K, and as described below, there have been no related transactions that are required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404. Messrs. Gottlieb, Chafetz, Hugel, Rosenfeld and Ms. Marciano are deemed independent directors of the Company pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
On July 22, 2019, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the engagement of Marcum LLP (“Marcum LLP”) (PCAOB ID: 688) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, subject to negotiating and execution of an acceptable engagement agreement between Marcum LLP and the Company for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020. On August 14, 2019, Marcum LLP and the Company executed an engagement agreement pursuant to which Marcum LLP would provide to the Company auditing services for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The Board of Directors selected Marcum LLP as the independent auditor of IEH for the fiscal years ending March 31, 2022 and 2021.
Audit Fees. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, IEH incurred $142,500, $142,500 and $252,000 to Marcum LLP for fees related to the audit of its financial statements, respectively.
Audit Related Fees. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, $0, $0 and $0 were paid.
Tax Fees. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, $8,250, $11,124 and $5,150 were paid for tax related services, respectively.
All Other Fees. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, IEH did not pay any other fees for services to its independent auditor.
The Board of Directors has determined that the services provided by Marcum LLP and the fees paid to it for such services during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, have not compromised the independence of Marcum LLP and has been approved by the Audit Committee.
IEH CORPORATION
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Documents filed as part of this report.
1. The following financial statements of IEH Corporation and Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm, are included in this report:
Page
Number
Independent Auditors’ Report - Marcum LLP
Balance Sheets
Statements of Operations
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Financial Statements
2. List of financial statement schedules:
All schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3. List of Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K. See part (b) below.
(b) Exhibits
The exhibits filed as part of this annual Report on Form 10-K are set forth on the Exhibit Index, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
Description
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (filed as Exhibit C-4 to Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 27, 1991).
3.2
By-Laws of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.2 on Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 27, 1994).
4.1
Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.1 on Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 27, 1994).
4.2*
Description of Securities
10.1(†)
Agreement between the Company and Michael Offerman (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on Form 8-K filed on September 4, 2009).
10.2(†)
2011 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit A to definitive Proxy Statement dated August 31, 2011).
10.3(†)
Equity Stock Based Compensation Plan (filed as Annex A to definitive Proxy Statement dated November 23, 2020).
10.5(†)
Amended and Restated Agreement between the Company and Robert Knoth, dated as of September 1, 2017 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on July 12, 2018).
10.6(†)
Employment Agreement between the Company and David Offerman, dated as of July 31, 2019 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2019).
10.7(†)
Employment Agreement between the Company and William H. Craig dated as of August 27, 2020 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 27, 2020).
10.8(†)
Employment Agreement between the Company and William H. Craig dated as of September 21, 2022 and effective as of July 1, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 21, 2022).
21*
Subsidiaries of the Company
23.1*
Consent of Marcum LLP
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**
Certifications by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(b) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.1*
The following information from the IEH Corporation’s Annual Report in Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting language) and filed electronically herewith: (i) the Balance Sheets; (ii) the Statements of Operations; and (iii) the Statements of Stockholders’ Equity; (iv) the Statements of Cash Flow; and (v) the Notes to Financial Statements.
101.INS*
Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (“Inline XBRL”)
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* Exhibits filed herewith.
** Exhibits furnished herewith.
† Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.