EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1808377
Filing Year: 2024
Filename: 1808377_10-K_2024_0001829126-24-001847.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
Our History
We develop and sell smart eyeglasses and sunglasses, which are designed to allow our customers to remain connected to their digital lives, while also offering prescription eyewear and sun protection. Founded and headquartered in Miami, Florida, we were initially organized as a Florida limited liability company effective August 15, 2019. We were founded by Lucyd Ltd., the inventor and licensor of the technology that our products are based upon, which is a portfolio company of Tekcapital Europe Ltd. (“Tekcapital”). Tekcapital is a U.K. based university intellectual property accelerator which builds portfolio companies around new technologies. On March 26, 2020, we converted from a Florida limited liability company into a Florida corporation.
Our Products
In January 2020, we introduced our first beta product and began market testing.
In January 2021, we officially launched our first commercial product, Lucyd Lyte® (“Lucyd Lyte”). This initial product offering embodied our goal of creating smart eyewear for all day wear that looks like and is priced similarly to designer eyewear, but is also light weight and comfortable, and enables the wearer to remain connected to their digital lives. The product was initially launched with six styles, and in September 2021, an additional six styles were added.
In February 2023, we launched version 2.0 of our Lucyd Lyte eyewear with 15 different styles, incorporating several key breakthroughs for the smart eyewear product category - including a four-speaker audio array, 12-hour music playback and call time, and improved styling as well as technical upgrades. In October 2023, we launched six new styles of smart eyewear, branded as Lyte XL, bringing even more advancements - including patent-pending flexible hinges for a more comfortable fit and a wider range of suitable head sizes, significant improvements to speaker and microphone quality, thinner and more ergonomic temples, and post-consumer recycled packaging.
In January 2024, we launched the Nautica® Powered by Lucyd smart eyewear collection in eight different styles, along with various branded accessories including a power brick, cleaning cloth, and a slipcase adorned with the iconic Nautica sail logo.
Our current product offering consists of 29 different models, which offers a similar amount of style variety as many traditional eyewear collections. All styles are each available with 80+ different lens types, resulting in thousands of variations of products currently available. The Company currently has over 100 licensed patents and applications.
Our smartglasses enable the wearer to listen to music, take and make calls, and use voice assistants to perform many common smartphone tasks hands-free. Some of the many things our customers can do with their Lucyd Lyte glasses include:
1. “Send a voice message to (contact)”: this command begins the recording of an audio message to be sent to named contact.
2. “Send a text to (contact)”: begins recording of a speech-to-text message to be sent by SMS to named contact.
3. “Call (contact)”: speed-dials the named contact.
4. “Send $___ to (contact)”: this command allows the user to send money to a contact via Venmo or Apple Pay. Follow the digital assistant’s prompts to confirm.
5. “Check my messages”: this command reads out the user’s latest incoming text messages and offers a prompt to reply to each. Close out the digital assistant to end the readout.
6. “Check my mailbox”: this command announces the number of unread emails, and reads them out with a prompt to continue after each one. In the prompt after each one, the user can tell their digital assistant “Reply” and dictate an email response to the previous email.
7. “Find (cuisine type) food nearby”: this command reads through a list of nearby restaurants and their ratings, and prompts the user for directions or to call after each one.
8. “Call me an Uber”: this command prompts the user on which type of Uber ride they want, then asks to confirm to send a car to the user’s location.
9. “What time is it?”: announces the current time.
10. “Play (song/album/artist)”: this command begins playing the requested song, album, or artist via Apple Music.
11. “Get me directions to (location)”: this command begins navigating on phone, with audible directions on glasses.
12. “Take a memo”: this command begins recording a speech-to-text memo in Notes. Say “Read my Notes” to play back.
Since the launch of Lucyd Lyte, we witnessed interest and demand from customers throughout the United States and have sold thousands of our smart glasses. Within six months of the launch of Lucyd Lyte, several optical stores in the United States and Canada have on- boarded the product and we have had discussions with several other large eyewear chains regarding on-boarding our product. We believe smart eyewear is a product category whose time has come, and we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on and help develop this exciting new sector - where eyewear meets electronics in a user-friendly, mass market format, priced similarly to designer eyewear.
In first quarter of 2022 we introduced a virtual try-on kiosk for select retail stores. This device introduces our products to prospective retail customers and enables them to digitally try-on our line of smart glasses in a touch-free manner. This system was later upgraded in 2023.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed development of core audio eyewear product improvements, such as upgrading all frames to quadraphonic sound, which have been rolled out across all of our new eyewear models.
We completed development of many new styles of smart eyewear for our new licensed brands in 2023, anticipating all three licensed collections to launch in 2024. In addition, we completed the following upgrades to accessory products in 2023:
● The patent-pending Lucyd charging dock was upgraded to version 2.0 edition, featuring auto-adjusting connectors to fit any size of smart eyewear we produce, a new charging status LED, and USB data capability, enabling it to be used as a USB hub for computers in addition to a charging hub.
● The Lucyd virtual try-on kiosk was replaced with a fully modular display system, with eight available components for stores to mix and match to suit their display needs. The display can be deployed as a countertop display or freestanding, making it suitable for almost any retail environment.
Apps
The Vyrb app launched in open beta on iOS and Android app stores in 2021, as the Company’s first social media platform.
In 2022, we introduced key features in the Vyrb app, including live broadcasts for up to 100 users in one digital “room,” and the ability to upload external audio content into Vyrb, enabling longstanding content creators to import their existing libraries swiftly into the platform.
In the first quarter of 2023, we introduced several new features for the Vyrb app, including market-leading audio accessibility features for social media, such as the ability to create and listen to a feed of audio content completely hands-free, using unique voice assistant commands created for the app. We plan to continue to develop the expansive Vyrb platform into a feature-rich social toolbox for customers. This includes the introduction of revenue-generating features such as native ads and in-app upgrades, as well as gamification features such as a points and rewards system. Some new features are planned to launch in 2024, including a fully upgraded user interface. Once this update to the interface is completed, the app will be considered officially launched, and the Company will begin to promote it and capitalize on it in earnest.
In April 2023, we introduced another major software upgrade for our glasses with the launch of the Lucyd app for iOS and Android. This free application enables the user to converse with the extremely popular ChatGPT AI language model on our glasses, to instantly gain the benefit of one of the world’s most powerful AI assistants in a hands-free ergonomic interface. The app deploys a powerful and unique Siri integration with the Open AI API for ChatGPT, developed internally by the Company. The Company has filed a patent application related to this software upgrade. We believe this development makes our Lucyd eyewear perhaps the smartest smartglasses available today, represents a significant marketing opportunity for the Company’s core smartglass product, and creates a potential in-app purchase revenue stream for the Company.
Our Mission
Our mission is to Upgrade Your Eyewear®. Our smart eyewear is a fusion of headphones with glasses, bringing vision correction and protection together with digital connectivity and clear audio, while also offering a safer solution for listening to music outdoors (as compared to in-ear headphones). The convenience of having a Bluetooth headset and comfortable glasses in one, especially for those who are already accustomed to all-day eyewear use, offers a lifestyle upgrade at a price most consumers can afford.
In a sense, we view this integration of technology and vison correction/protection as the next evolutionary step in the development of eyewear. Over the entire course of eyewear development and history, many of the innovations have dealt with improving the lenses of the glasses. Notably, eyewear frames have not improved much in the past 400 years, with the exception, in our view, of the utilization of plastic to reduce weight and provide a wider range of designs and finishes, and the introduction of new hinge types. We view the integration of Bluetooth technology into the arms of the glasses as one of the key next steps to Upgrade Your Eyewear®.
Our focus therefore is to enhance one of the world’s most important wearables: eyewear.
Additionally, as part of our commitment to a great customer experience, we listen to feedback from our customers, and continuously strive to improve customer satisfaction and experience with our products. Our customers’ extensive feedback pointed to a need and desire for better interaction with social media while on-the-go. We are addressing this need by developing an exciting software application called Vyrb, as described above.
We have made strong strides towards our goal of making smart eyewear accessible to the mass market. Several developments towards this end include developing our smart frames in multiple temple lengths; the introduction of smart eyewear specifically for women and youth, which are typically missing from similar offerings; and the introduction of smart eyewear for adults with petite or narrow faces. Our expansive product offering currently consists of 29 different models, which offers a similar amount of style variety as many traditional eyewear collections. When paired with the Vyrb application, Lucyd Lyte glasses will provide a new and safer wearable user experience suitable for everyone.
Our goal is to become a meaningful player in the smart eyewear market. Our company’s early successes have demonstrated our ability to not only compete, but to lead in the rapidly changing and expanding technological eyewear market, and we intend to continue spearheading innovation in the field.
Giving Back
We donate an optical frame for every Lucyd Lyte sold at retail.
We are also very active in supporting the various communities we serve through donations and support. From the beginning, Innovative Eyewear has supported those in need through our donation of glasses frames to New Eyes (https://new-eyes.org/about-us), a charity dedicated to helping children and adults in need of eyewear. We’ve partnered with New Eyes because they fit the Lucyd brand mission: enhancing the vision of people all over the world, and we believe that it simply is the right thing to do. We have also participated in a partnership with the Miami Rescue Mission to support our local community with eyewear. Our most recent donation was in December 2023 and consisted of 3000 eyeglass, sunglass, and reading glass frames.
Additionally, university students, educators, healthcare workers, uniformed service members, and veterans are eligible for an ongoing 18% discount off all frames and lens upgrades on www.lucyd.co.
Our Market Opportunity
One of our key opportunities is converting traditional eyeglass and sunglass wearers to smart eyewear consumers since these customers are already familiar with wearing optical products. According to a 2021 report of the Vision Council, a non-profit trade association that serves member companies of the optical industry, there are 167 million prescription and 224 million non-prescription glasses wearers in the United States. As many as four billion people worldwide wear glasses, according to an article published by Reference.com in April 2020.
According to Statista, the total addressable market for eyewear in the U.S. is projected to be $35.2 billion in 2024. The market for digital assistants like Siri, Google Voice, Bixby, and Alexa has grown rapidly worldwide, and is projected at $4.5 billion in revenue in 2023. We view the popularity of voice assistants as an important catalyst for the smart eyewear market since hands-free access to voice-based AI is a notable feature thereof.
The common denominator among markets for the hearables and digital assistant is that they facilitate real-time access to digital data, whether it is through music, calls, navigational directions, or information, among other uses. The combination of hearables and digital assistants provides a transparent, ergonomic interface between the users and their digital lives. At Innovative Eyewear, we are dedicated to a touch-free interface and untethering our customers eyes from their smartphone screens, through our smart eyewear product.
The synergistic fusion of these three markets (eyewear, digital assistants, and hearables) enables, in our view, an opportunity to create a completely new experience of connected eyewear, which smoothly delivers the functionality of both optical glasses and headphones, eliminating the need for either on its own. Nevertheless, several orthodoxies of the eyewear industry still hold, namely: if you want to sell a lot of eyewear, we believe it should be attractive, stylish, comfortable (e.g., lightweight, which we believe to be approximately one ounce), and cost roughly the same as traditional eyewear. This is what we have sought to achieve, and in our view have accomplished with the introduction of Lucyd Lyte eyewear.
A key indicator of the potential future success of smart eyewear in the consumer market is the rise of smartwatches, which as early as 2018 have intermittently surpassed traditional wristwatches in unit sales in the United States. We believe that the similarities between smartwatches and smart eyewear compared to their traditional counterparts indicate that the future of eyewear will also be smart.
Our Business Strategy
When we initially organized Innovative Eyewear four years ago, there was, in our view, no attractive smart eyewear that addressed the basic consumer need for good looking designer glasses that were stylish, comfortable, lightweight, and provided the functionality of hearables, and priced around the same as regular glasses.
At the core of our strategy are the following principles:
1. Consumers prefer smart eyewear that looks and feels like traditional glasses and sunglasses; this is a key element in the design of all of our frames, and makes it easier for traditional eyewear users to switch to our products.
2. For a smart eyewear line to achieve mass market penetration, it should cost a similar amount to traditional designer eyewear, especially while the category is still emerging and most consumers and not yet familiar with it.
3. Smart eyewear must be user-friendly and have an interface that is easy to navigate by the wearer, even when their hands are wet or gloved. As such, we deploy highly tactile interfaces on our eyewear.
4. The battery life of smart eyewear should be sufficient to support smart functionalities throughout the day without needing to be recharged mid-day.
5. Rather than burdening our hardware with mechanical features such as cameras and microdisplays which may be unnecessary for many users, we instead leverage software platforms that can add functionality without increasing the weight or size of the frames.
6. By adhering to the above principles, we can eliminate any “costs of switching” from traditional eyewear to smart eyewear, and build customer lifetime value by offering a more powerful combination of fashion, smart features, and vision correction and protection than available from other companies.
All of our products are designed in Miami, manufactured in China, and sold through e-commerce channels, including on our website (Lucyd.co), BestBuy.com, DicksSportingGoods.com, Brookstone.com, and Amazon.com, and sold by over 300 optical and sporting goods retailers. Additionally, we are pursuing online and in-store big box retailers, and in-store and online specialty retailers. Based on the existing demand for our products, current distribution, and recently consummated supply agreements, we anticipate that our products will be available in a significant number of new third-party retail locations in 2024.
We believe that people care about what they wear on their faces, and because we understand that customers have diverse preferences about the shape, size, and design of their eyewear, we aim to continuously introduce new models in an effort to offer a wide variety of designs. We continuously present new models of eyewear to our network of followers to vote on those styles they find most appealing. We view this as community approved design.
Competition
The smart eyewear industry in which we operate is competitive and subject to changes in practice. While we believe that our products are a hybrid of eyeglasses and Bluetooth audio technology, which gives us a unique product that provides us with competitive advantages, we may face competition from many different entities now and in the future. Currently, we face competition from the following products:
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Bose Corporation’s Bose Frames. These are a Bluetooth eyewear product, but in a bulkier form factor and with what we believe to be comparable audio quality at a higher list price ($249 MSRP) than Lucyd Lyte 2.0 ($149-$199). However, Bose has recently announced plans to withdraw from the smart eyewear market.
Key advantages of Lucyd Lyte over Bose Frames: Our glasses are lighter weight, have twice the playback battery life, are offered in 29 styles compared to three styles for Bose, and have a more traditional optical form factor for all-day wear.
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Amazon’s Carrera Echo Glasses (Third Gen). Another entry in the Bluetooth eyewear space, offered at a $329 - $389 list price. Not available directly from the manufacturer in prescription, and in only two frame shapes. The cost of the Amazon Echo Glasses is higher than Lucyd Lyte. While lightweight like Lucyd Lyte glasses, Amazon Echo Glasses have, in our view, a less fashionable form factor, and the battery life is about half of that of Lucyd Lyte.
Key advantages of Lucyd Lyte over Echo Glasses: Our glasses are not “always-listening” for voice commands like Echo Frames are (which raises privacy concerns and reduces battery life), our glasses are available in 29 styles compared to two for the latest Echo Frames, our glasses look more seamless so they better match the form factor of traditional eyewear, and our glasses are more affordable at $149 - $199.
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Snapchat Spectacles. This is a camera-focused smart eyewear product and, in our view, not a direct competitor with our products due to its style, weight, pricing, and suitability for all-day wear. However, Snapchat Spectacles may introduce further entries in the space that may directly compete with Lucyd Lyte. Snapchat Spectacles version 3 have a list price of $380.
Key advantages of Lucyd Lyte over Spectacles: Our glasses have more audio and AI features, are lighter and prescription-ready, are available in many more styles than this single SKU (stock-keeping unit) line, and cost half the price.
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Ray-Ban Meta Glasses. Developed in association with Facebook, these are a camera-focused smart eyewear product, and despite the fact they are available in prescription, in our view not a direct competitor. Ray-Ban may, however, introduce further entries in the space that may directly compete with Lucyd Lyte. Ray-Ban Spectacles have a well-known and respected brand, and a list price starting at $299, which makes them 100% more expensive than base models of Lucyd Lyte.
Key advantages of Lucyd Lyte over Meta Glasses: Stories weigh considerably more than Lucyd Lyte glasses (20% - 70% more, depending upon the Lyte model), have a shorter battery life, thicker temple profiles, are not water resistant, and the cameras and required connection to a Facebook account raise privacy concerns.
All of the competitors discussed above have substantially greater manufacturing, financial, research and development, personnel, and marketing resources than we do. As a result, although we believe our products are currently superior, our competitors may be able to develop superior products, and compete more aggressively and sustain their competitive advantage over a longer period of time than us. Our products may be rendered obsolete in the face of competition.
Our Competitive Strengths
A Unique Solution to a Common Problem. While immensely useful, smartphones can present a safety hazard to motorists, pedestrians, and cyclists because smartphones can distract people from the task or activity at hand. In 2022, pedestrian deaths were at a 40-year high according to the Governors Highway Safety Association, and experts believe smartphones were partially to blame. Recent data from the Governors Highway Safety Association indicates that from 2010 to 2021, the number of pedestrian deaths rose by 77%, while all other traffic deaths increased by 25% (Pedestrian Traffic Fatalities by State: 2022 Preliminary Data - (https://www.ghsa.org/resources/Pedestrians23). We believe that the distraction created by smartphones originates in two forms: (1) via headphones or earbuds, where the user is deprived of full audible situational awareness; and (2) via the visual interface of the phone, which distracts the user completely from their surroundings. Lucyd Lyte open-ear audio helps address this problem by having the speakers mounted at the temples (in the arms) of the glasses. There is nothing in the ear canal and, as a result, individuals can better maintain situational awareness, such as hearing the traffic around them, as well as nearby sounds. Many of our competitors have relatively bulky speakers enclosed within the temples, while Lucyd Lyte’s speakers and temples are thin, which allows them to look similar to traditional designer glasses. Furthermore, through the quick and easy touch controls on Lucyd Lyte glasses, the wearer can perform many tasks for which they would normally pull out their phone - thus our glasses help untether the eyes of the user from their smartphones throughout the day and enable them to remain more visually vigilant and aware of the traffic around them.
Affordable Price Point. Our Lucyd Lyte eyewear provides both optical-quality glasses and a Bluetooth headset together, at roughly the same price as a traditional pair of designer glasses, which is core to the disruptive potential of our product. Our Lucyd Lyte line of smart eyewear enables prescription and sunglass wearers to interact with digital assistants and social media without having to take their eyes off the road and are nearly hands-free, thereby improving the safety and convenience of taking calls, listening to music, and audibly accessing digital information on the go. The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price (“MSRP”) for Lucyd Lyte 2.0 eyewear starts at $149, with advanced options and customizations available at higher price points, which are at the discretion of the customer. A basic prescription lens upgrade is offered for $40. By comparison, most of our U.S.-based competitors offer products that are more expensive, starting at approximately $249 or higher, with higher costs to add prescriptions.
Quality. All of our frames can be outfitted in-house or by optical resellers with any combination of prescription, sunglass, reading, and blue light lens formats. Our frame fronts are made with what we believe are high quality optical materials to ensure easy lens fitting by any optician.
Customizable Product Offering. There are 80+ lens types available for Lucyd Lyte, making it the most customizable smart eyewear in the world. Innovative Eyewear has a partnership with a high-quality optical lab in Boston to produce prescription and custom lenses for our frames quickly and affordably. Our contract with a third-party optical lab also allows us to offer direct prescription fulfillment to our customers.
Comfort. At just 1.0 - 1.5 ounces, our eyewear has a feather-light fit, suitable for all day vision correction or sun protection (traditional glasses weigh about 1 ounce). This is especially important while on the go. Our 1.0 ounce titanium aviators are among the lightest smart eyewear ever made.
Long Battery Life. At 12 hours of playback per charge, our current product offering of Lucyd eyewear outpaces most, if not all, of the competition on battery life.
Capital Light Business Model. All of our products are sold through multiple e-commerce channels, including on our website (Lucyd.co), BestBuy.com, DicksSportingGoods.com and Amazon.com, and are distributed through optical or other retailers (such as, but not limited to, Metro Optics Eyewear and Marca Eyewear Group, Inc.). We believe this capital light approach is highly scalable and efficient in the deployment of resources. We view “capital light” as being more efficient by obviating the need to build factories and retail stores, while partnering with existing companies in both of these groups.
Multiple-Channel Approach. We sell our products both through multiple online channels and multiple categories of brick-and-mortar retail stores. We believe this multi-channel approach provides us with an advantage against our competitors who sell in a narrower selection of channels.
Experienced Management Team. We have an experienced board of directors with more than 100 years of combined experience in the eyewear industry, and a management team with substantial experience in software and electronics engineering and operating eyewear and technology companies.
Sales
We have two major sales channels: (1) e-commerce via Lucyd.co and Amazon, and (2) our ongoing development of a network of eyewear, sporting goods, and electronics resellers, including but not limited to, BestBuy.com, DicksSportingGoods.com, and Brookstone, to offer our frames. Most of our resellers are experienced opticians who provide valuable feedback that informs the development of our product lines, which we would not receive if we were solely direct to consumer. Additionally, we have a robust presence on multiple e-commerce and social media platforms, which facilitates several customer on-ramps for the Lucyd brand, and numerous ad campaign strategies. Building on our early successes of driving traffic to Lucyd.co, the website run by a subsidiary of our largest stockholder, from Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, we deploy high quality content on multiple platforms to continuously keep customers engaged and drive brand awareness.
We have two levels of margins, one for business to consumers (“B2C”), and one for business to business (“B2B”). The majority of our sales have been through e-commerce with current gross margins of approximately 69%; wholesale sales have gross margins of approximately 32%. Lens upgrades sold on Lucyd.co have a standardized profit margin of approximately 35%. As a company still in an early growth stage, we are investing heavily in our B2C and B2B efforts to capture as much market share as possible, which included in fiscal years 2022 and 2023 several activities which impacted the gross deficit. Among these promotional activities were various B2C discounts, heavy B2B discounts on large bulk orders, a large number of free sample units provided to media, influencers, and reviewers, and significant spending on upsells, promo items, and merchandising materials which were in many cases given to B2C and B2B customers for free. Customer retention was also a priority in 2023, so providing exchanges on orders with custom lenses that didn’t meet consumer expectations, and exchanges for frames which didn’t fit the customer properly, impacted our deficit. However, with the change to a higher quality supplier in 2023, we had a reduction in the percentage of orders that were returned, and improved user feedback. Further improvements to fit, finish and audio quality introduced with the Lyte XL line in late 2023 further improved our market reception. Our online retail sales accounted for the majority of our sales in 2023.
E-commerce Channels
1. Company website: Lucyd.co
Lucyd.co is our primary e-commerce point of sale. The site offers the most customization options of any of our sales channels and a full prescription lens lab, offering over 80 different lenses (21 key lens tints offered in plano, single prescription and progressive bifocal; seven types of reading lenses). Additionally, the Lucyd website ships worldwide and is used to provide a quick and smooth buying experience.
2. Amazon
Amazon.com/lucyd is our brand shop on Amazon. It drives approximately half of our online sales, but limits the number of variations we can offer on our frames (e.g., prescription lenses are not permitted on Amazon). However, through Amazon, we are still able to offer color lens sunglass variants and blue light blocker pairs, in addition to our charging dock accessory item. We continually monitor and test traffic flow to Lucyd.co versus Amazon.com to ensure our online ad spend is fully optimized.
3. Walmart.com, BestBuy.com, DicksSportingGoods.com, Brookstone.com, and eBay
In addition to our key online sales channel through Lucyd.co, our products are also sold on Walmart.com, BestBuy.com, DicksSportingGoods.com, Brookstone.com, and eBay.
4. Social Selling
Not only do we use social media to drive traffic to our main sales channels, but we also take advantage of intra-social shops as well, and have deployed shopping experiences through Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok to gain further brand awareness.
We also offer two affiliate platforms via Shareasale.com and Shopify for peer-driven sales. The Shareasale program is for professional affiliate and deal promotion companies, and increases revenue on Lucyd.co by offering direct commissions in exchange for converting web traffic. The Shopify affiliate program enables Lucyd brand enthusiasts to get a financial reward for sharing the brand, and operates on similar terms as the Shareasale program where we provide a commission rate in exchange for converting web traffic.
Retail Channels
1. Independent Eyewear Stores
The core of our B2B business is formed by our relationship with numerous eyewear store retailers across the United States and Canada, which provide Lucyd Lyte frames directly to their optical customers. Many of these retail stores have placed multiple stocking orders since launching our wholesale business in 2021. To support our resellers, we offer a strong co-op marketing program that includes free store display materials. As part of this strategy, we provide digital try-on kiosks to our resellers to help educate their in-store customers about Lucyd eyewear and increase our brand’s physical presence in the optical industry. In 2023, the Lucyd virtual try-on kiosk was replaced with a fully modular display system, with eight available components for stores to mix and match to suit their display needs. The display can be countertop or freestanding, making it suitable for almost any retail environment.
2. National Eyewear Chains
Lucyd eyewear is currently being evaluated by several leading eyewear retailers and distributors in the US and Canada for inclusion in their offerings, with one major optical chain currently testing our products in 10 retail locations. Following the introduction of Ray Ban Stories smart eyewear in late 2021, many retailers are now more open to introducing smart eyewear in their stores and on their e-commerce platforms. Based on our current discussion with several major optical businesses (by store size), we believe at least one additional major optical chain or national optical buying group will onboard our product line in 2024. However, there can be no assurances that any of these retailers and distributors will sell our products.
3. Big Box Retail Stores (Electronics, sporting goods, general merchandise)
In addition to mainstream optical channels, we distribute our Lucyd eyewear through leading big box stores, such as Bestbuy.com and Dickssportinggoods.com, through either their eyewear or electronics departments.
4. License Agreements and Specialty Retail Stores
We are leaving no stone unturned in our mission to bring smart eyewear mainstream. We have licensed three leading fashion brands - Nautica, Eddie Bauer, and Reebok - to produce new Powered by Lucyd cobranded frames. In January 2024, we launched the Nautica Powered by Lucyd smart eyewear collection in eight different styles, along with various branded accessories including a power brick, cleaning cloth. and a slipcase adorned with the iconic Nautica sail logo. We anticipate launching the cobranded collections with Eddie Bauer and Reebok later in 2024.
Manufacturing and Supply Chain
Our products are designed in the United States and subsequently manufactured in China. The products are designed in-house, and 3-D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) files are produced with product renderings. We then subject these rendered images to focus group review, to determine which designs we should move to the prototype development stage. Pre-production prototypes are developed by our factories in China, to our specifications. Our factories source components for the smart eyewear in China, including plastic and titanium for the frames, electronic components, speakers, microphones, and batteries. All packaging is designed in Miami and fabricated in China. Once completed, our products are tested in the United States, to assess functionality, fit, and finish. Production orders are placed and fabricated in China based on anticipated demand, whereupon they undergo a rigorous thirteen-point third-party product inspection process. This inspection is conducted on 100% of our manufactured products. Inspections include testing procedures to help ensure our customers receive only functional, high-quality products. For large bulk orders from clients, we are able to order this inventory on demand, due to the expected lead times in the traditional frame sourcing business.
All of our frames are manufactured with prefabricated, ready-to-wear sunglass or blue light lenses, and are directly shipped to the customer in this state if the customer declines to purchase custom lens upgrades. If a customer orders with prescription or specialty lenses, then the smart eyewear frames are sent to an optical contractor laboratory in Boston, Massachusetts, to have the lenses cut, ground, and mounted in the frames, whereupon they are directly shipped to customers.
In 2023 we retired our virtual try-on display in favor of a more engaging and affordable Modular Display System, which consists of a variety of components that can be assembled according to the functionality and needs of the partner retailer. The displays can be setup on a countertop or freestanding. This unique, proprietary system includes the following available components:
1. An LCD countertop video screen available in white and black with Lucyd branding, or in navy with Nautica branding.
2. A white shelf component which includes storage space for demo frames and a mirror for try-ons.
3. A rack component available in white with Lucyd branding or in navy with Nautica branding, which stores 4 frames for display and try-on.
4. A bookshelf component which transforms the display into a freestanding endcap unit with ample storage underneath.
This new system was deployed to several dozen partner stores in 2023 with near universal positive feedback from retailers, and we believe has proved useful for encouraging larger wholesale orders.
Marketing
We employ a 360-degree marketing strategy that encompasses both brand and user-generated content syndication across earned, owned, and paid platforms (channels where the company pays a fee to have its product advertised). Long form and video content generation are key focus points for the brand, as they allow us to better leverage both emerging and critical smart eyewear narratives through persistent search engine optimization (SEO), increasing our organic brand awareness across the board, in addition to strategic loyalty, influencer, and affiliate marketing campaigns.
Our online marketing strategy is primarily driven by pay-per-click advertisements on mainstream search engines, social media apps, and Amazon and other marketplaces. In addition, we support our primary efforts with influencer created and promoted “UGC” (user-generated content), email automations and newsletters, and website push notifications. In 2024, we plan to scale up our affiliate and email marketing efforts to augment our core social ads campaigns.
We believe we are trendsetters in creating relevant, omni-channel touchpoints that derive meaningful experiences and products designed for our customers.
Our wholesale marketing strategy is primarily focused on traditional sales email and call outreach, national and regional optical trade shows, and optical and athletic trade advertisements. We have also deployed B2B mailer and digital mailer campaigns to inform optical businesses about our new releases.
Strategically offering stylish optical smart eyewear, coupled with expansive end-user customization, plus our ChatGPT app, has the potential to rapidly expand our brand awareness and revenue. At Innovative Eyewear, we strive to lead and own critical narratives within the smart eyewear space, and have demonstrated our pioneering leadership and proficiency via the filing of dozens of patents on smart eyewear design and functionalities.
We seek to create memorable experiences and products that resonate with our customers, coupled with premium content and campaigns designed to expand our brand presence and market share. We also attend major regional eyewear and sporting goods trade shows to build awareness among our potential retail partners.
Our influencers
To accelerate brand awareness and product sales, we are embarking on an influencer strategy to engage leading figures in sports and the arts, who like and enjoy wearing Lucyd Lyte®. Our influencers promote our products on social media, provide us with product placement opportunities at sporting events and other cultural events, and have granted us contractual rights to use their names and likenesses in connection with the advertisement and sale of our products. To date, we have onboarded Chris Clark, a pro golfer; Monique Billings, a WNBA basketball player; Emmanuel Ogbah, an NFL football player; and Hadar Adora, an up-and-coming musical artist. We plan to add additional influencers to enhance awareness and sell-through for a number of key demographics.
Influencers are a key part of our marketing strategy, as they help our products relate to large, variable audiences. Lucyd Lyte is a perfect fit for the fitness tech and audio product spaces, so athletes and musicians are a natural fit for our brand and the active lifestyles that Lucyd products promote. We plan to add A-list musical talent to the brand in the near future, as well as a host of audio content creators to support the Vyrb experience.
Intellectual Property
We license from Lucyd Ltd., a subsidiary of our largest stockholder, an intellectual property portfolio designed to protect our unique eyewear designs and certain technological features in current and anticipated future products. Since 2021, the Company has begun filing patents under its own name. We have licensed and filed numerous patents covering all of our current product designs and certain advanced features such as Vyrb, replaceable front frames, and multi-channel Bluetooth connectivity. The Company will seek to file new intellectual property to protect new styles and features of its smart eyewear as they are introduced.
In January 2024, we entered into a multi-year licensing agreement with a third party (IngenioSpec, LLC) for multiple smart eyewear patents, bringing our overall portfolio of owned and licensed intellectual property to over 100 patents.
Our current U.S. and foreign patent portfolio is as listed below.
Pending and Registered Patent Applications Licensed from Lucyd Ltd.
App/Patent Number Title Country Filing Date Status Grant Date
10,908,419 Smartglasses and Methods and Systems for Using Artificial Intelligence to Control Mobile Devices Used for Displaying and Presenting Tasks and Applications and Enhancing Presentation and Display of Augmented Reality Information U.S. June 28, 2018 Issued February 2, 2021
D899,493 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D900,203 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 27, 2020
D899,494 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D899,495 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D899,496 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D900,204 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 27, 2020
D900,205 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 27, 2020
D900,920 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued November 3, 2020
D900,206 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 27, 2020
D899,497 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D899,498 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D899,499 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D899,500 Smart Glasses U.S. March 22, 2019 Issued October 20, 2020
D954,135 Round Smartglasses Having Flat Connector Hinges U.S. December 12, 2019 Issued June 7, 2022
D958,234 Round Smartglasses Having Pivot Connector Hinges U.S. December 12, 2019 Issued July 19, 2022
D955,467 Sport Smartglasses Having Flat Connector Hinges U.S. December 12, 2019 Issued June 21, 2022
D954,136 Smartglasses Having Pivot Connector Hinges U.S. December 12, 2019 Issued June 7, 2022
62/941,466 Wireless Smartglasses with Quick Connect Front Frames U.S. November 27, 2019 Non-Provisional Application filed on November 25, 2020; U.S. App. No. 17/104,849 n/a
D954,137 Flat Connector Hinges for Smartglasses Temples U.S. December 19, 2019 Issued June 7, 2022
D974,456 Pivot Hinges and Smartglasses Temples U.S. December 19, 2019 Issued n/a
11,282,523 Voice Assistant Management U.S. March 25, 2020 Issued March 22, 2022
D1,010,718 Wayfarer Smartglasses U.S. July 20, 2020 Issued January 9, 2024
D951,334 Round Smartglasses U.S. July 20, 2020 Issued May 10, 2022
17/104,849 Wireless Smartglasses with Quick Connect Front Frames U.S. November 25, 2020 Pending n/a
D1,013,765 Smartglasses U.S. September 1, 2021 Issued February 6, 2024
29/806,204 Smartglasses U.S. September 1, 2021 Pending n/a
29/806,207 Smartglasses U.S. September 1, 2021 Pending n/a
29/806,209 Smartglasses U.S. September 1, 2021 Pending n/a
Smartglasses Canada October 29, 2021 Issued May 23, 2023
Smartglasses Canada October 29, 2021 Issued May 23, 2023
Smartglasses Canada October 29, 2021 Issued May 23, 2023
Smartglasses Canada October 29, 2021 Issued May 23, 2023
29/814,016 Safety Smartglasses U.S. November 2, 2021 Pending n/a
29/814,017 Safety Shields U.S. November 2, 2021 Pending n/a
63/274,920 Safety Glasses U.S. November 2, 2021 Non-Provisional Application filed on October 21, 2022; U.S. App. No. 18/048,715 n/a
Safety Smartglasses Canada November 17, 2021 Issued May 23, 2023
Safety Shields Canada November 17, 2021 Issued May 30, 2023
Safety Smartglasses China December 2, 2021 Pending n/a
ZL 2021307955902 Safety Shields China December 2, 2021 Issued May 3, 2022
18/048,715 Safety Glasses U.S. October 21, 2022 Pending n/a
Safety Glasses Canada November 1, 2022 Pending n/a
202211367067X Safety Glasses China November 2, 2022 Pending n/a
42023078694.9 Safety Glasses Hong Kong September 5, 2023 Pending n/a
Pending and Registered Patent Applications Owned by Innovative Eyewear, Inc.
App/Patent Number Title Country Filing Date Status Grant Date
29/815,040 Charging Cradle U.S. November 10, 2021 Pending n/a
63/297,056 Charging Cradle for Smartglasses U.S. January 6, 2022 Non-Provisional Application filed on December 29, 2022; U.S. App. No. 18/147,002 n/a
Charging Cradle Canada May 9, 2022 Pending n/a
ZL 2022302715131 Charging Cradle China May 10, 2022 Issued October 21, 2022
18/147,002 Charging Cradle for Smartglasses U.S. December 27, 2022 Pending n/a
29/870,951 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,952 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,957 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,958 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,959 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,960 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,961 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,965 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,966 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,968 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,970 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,972 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,974 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/870,975 Smartglasses U.S. February 9, 2023 Allowed n/a
29/871,111 Smartglasses Temples U.S. February 13, 2023 Pending n/a
18/189,547 System, Apparatus, and Method For Using a Chatbot U.S. March 24, 2023 Pending n/a
18/463,465 Spring-loaded Hinges For Smartglasses U.S. September 8, 2023 Pending n/a
Registered Patent Applications Licensed from Ingeniospec, LLC
App/Patent Number Title Country
7,192,136 Tethered Electrical Components for Eyeglasses U.S.
7,255,437 Eyeglasses with Activity Monitoring U.S.
7,380,936 Eyeglasses with a Clock or Other Electrical Component U.S.
7,401,918 Eyeglasses with Activity Monitoring U.S.
7,438,410 Tethered Electrical Components for Eyeglasses U.S.
7,481,531 Eyeglasses with User Monitoring U.S.
7,500,746 Eyewear with Radiation Detection System U.S.
7,500,747 Eyeglasses with Electrical Components U.S.
7,581,833 Eyewear Supporting After-Market Electrical Components U.S.
7,621,634 Tethered Electrical Components for Eyeglasses U.S.
7,677,723 Eyeglasses with a Heart Rate Monitor U.S.
7,771,046 Eyewear with Monitoring Capability U.S.
7,792,552 Eyeglasses for Wireless Communications U.S.
8,109,629 Eyewear Supporting Electrical Components and Apparatus Therefor U.S.
8,337,013 Eyeglasses with RFID Tags or with a Strap U.S.
8,430,507 Eyewear with Touch-Sensitive Input Surface U.S.
8,434,863 Eyeglasses with a Printed Circuit Board U.S.
8,465,151 Eyewear with Multi-Part Temple for Supporting One or More Electrical Components U.S.
8,500,271 Eyewear Supporting After-Market Electrical Components U.S.
8,770,742 Eyewear with Radiation Detection System U.S.
8,905,542 Eyewear Supporting Bone Conducting Speaker U.S.
9,033,493 Eyewear Supporting Electrical Components and Apparatus Therefor U.S.
9,488,520 Eyewear with Radiation Detection System U.S.
9,547,184 Eyewear Supporting Embedded Electronic Components U.S.
9,690,121 Eyewear Supporting One or More Electrical Components U.S.
10,060,790 Eyewear with Radiation Detection System U.S.
10,061,144 Eyewear Supporting Embedded Electronic Components U.S.
10,310,296 Eyewear with Printed Circuit Board U.S.
10,330,956 Eyewear Supporting Electrical Components and Apparatus Therefor U.S.
10,345,625 Eyewear with Touch-Sensitive Input Surface U.S.
10,359,311 Eyewear with Radiation Detection System U.S.
10,539,459 Eyewear with Detection System U.S.
11,086,147 Eyewear Supporting Electrical Components and Apparatus Therefor U.S.
11,204,512 Eyewear Supporting Embedded and Tethered Electronic Components U.S.
11,243,416 Eyewear Supporting Embedded Electronic Components U.S.
11,326,941 Eyewear with Detection System U.S.
11,513,371 Eyewear with Printed Circuit Board Supporting Messages U.S.
11,536,988 Eyewear Supporting Embedded Electronic Components for Audio Support U.S.
11,630,331 Eyewear with Touch-Sensitive Input Surface U.S.
11,644,361 Eyewear with Detection System U.S.
11,644,693 Wearable Audio System Supporting Enhanced Hearing Support U.S.
11,733,549 Eyewear Having Removable Temples That Support Electrical Components U.S.
11,762,224 Eyewear Having Extended Endpieces to Support Electrical Components U.S.
11,803,069 Eyewear with Connection Region U.S.
11,829,518 Head-worn Device with Connection Region U.S.
ZL200510067143.5 Radiation Detection System for Eyewear and Other Products China
Additionally, we have acquired the exclusive rights to 11 registered trademarks and applications as follows:
Trademark
Trademark Number
Status
Jurisdiction
LUCYD
UK00003258030
Registered
UK
Lucyd Lens
UK00003258093
Registered
UK
Lucyd Loud
UK00003400531
Registered
UK
Upgrade your eyewear
UK00003400579
Registered
UK
GaaS
UK00003451728
Registered
UK
Vyrb
UK00003477240
Registered
UK
Lyte
UK00003526151
Registered
UK
Upgrade your eyewear
Application No. 90/407,646
Application
US
LUCYD
Application No. 90/407,723
Application
US
Lyte
Application No. 90/381051
Application
US
Vyrb
Application No. 90/820713
Application
US
Material Agreements
License Agreement between Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and Lucyd Ltd.
On April 1, 2020, we entered into an exclusive, worldwide license agreement with Lucyd Ltd. for all fields of use of the Lucyd® brand, and the associated intellectual property and assets (the “License Agreement”). We were founded by Lucyd Ltd., the inventor and licensor of the technology that our products are based upon, which is a portfolio company of Tekcapital, our largest stockholder. The License Agreement is a royalty-free, fully paid up, perpetual license, for the exclusive use of the following assets:
1. All Lucyd intellectual property, including, all patents, patent applications and any continuations of such.
2. All Lucyd trademarks.
3. All Lucyd collateral material, artwork, subscriber lists, eyeglass model and frame shots and renders, as well as 3D models.
4. All Lucyd logos such as, but not limited to: Lucyd® word mark, Lucyd Hexagon, Upgrade Your Eyewear® slogan and the Vyrb® trademark.
5. All Lucyd company developed software and any new software developed by Innovative Eyewear, utilizing the Lucyd software, will be owned by Innovative Eyewear.
6. Lucyd Store portals through Shopify, Amazon and Walmart.
7. Relevant websites domain names including Lucyd.co, Lucyd.net, Lucyd.eu.
8. All supply and endorsement agreements.
9. All current inventory as of the execution date of license.
10. All social media accounts under the Lucyd name, including, but not limited to: Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.
11. All advertising material and trade show displays, brochures and related materials.
Under the terms of the License Agreement, we have the exclusive right to effectuate sublicenses, either exclusively or non-exclusively, to any or all of our licensed intellectual property, at its sole discretion. Upon execution of the License Agreement, we paid Lucyd Ltd. £1 for the life of the licensed assets, and the License Agreement shall continue in perpetuity, unless terminated according to the terms of the agreement. Additionally, we issued 3,750,000 shares of our common stock to Lucyd Ltd. as compensation for entering into the License Agreement and for the contribution of certain other assets. Lucyd Ltd. may terminate the license with immediate effect by providing written notice to us if, among other things: we commit a material breach, as such is defined by the terms of the agreement; or, if we suspend, or threaten to suspend, payment of our debts or are unable to pay our debts.
The License Agreement requires us to indemnify Lucyd against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages, and losses (including but not limited to any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profit, loss of reputation and all interest, penalties, and legal costs (calculated on a full indemnity basis) and all other reasonable professional costs and expenses) suffered or incurred by Lucyd Ltd. arising out of or in connection with actual or alleged infringement of third party intellectual property rights; our breach or non-performance of or the enforcement of License Agreement. We have the right to sublicense any of our rights under the License Agreement, provided that any sublicense also shall enter into a supplemental agreement satisfactory to Lucyd Ltd.
On October 5, 2021, the parties to the License Agreement executed an Addendum, to the exclusive license agreement, which clarified that Innovative Eyewear shall commercialize, continue with any on-going intellectual property prosecutions and pay all maintenance or other patent fees (the “Addendum”). For all new intellectual property, Innovative Eyewear will own and control it and be responsible for all prosecution and maintenance costs. The Addendum also confirms that Innovative Eyewear issued Lucyd Ltd. 3,750,000 shares of its common stock as consideration for the license.
Cobranded License Agreements
On September 28, 2022, we entered into a multi-year global licensing agreement with Nautica Apparel, Inc., which became effective July 1, 2022. Pursuant to this agreement, we received a license to utilize the global lifestyle brand Nautica® for our smart eyewear products. We launched the first line of cobranded Nautica® Powered by Lucyd sport lifestyle audio glasses in January 2024.
On December 23, 2022, we entered into a multi-year global licensing agreement with Authentic Brands Group, which became effective October 1, 2022. Pursuant to this agreement, we received a license to utilize the outdoor brand Eddie Bauer® for our smart eyewear products. We plan to launch a cobranded line of Eddie Bauer® Powered by Lucyd smartglasses later in 2024.
On June 12, 2023, we entered into a multi-year global licensing agreement with Authentic Brands Group, which became effective April 1, 2023. Pursuant to this agreement, we received a license to utilize received a license to utilize the iconic athletic brand Reebok® for our smart eyewear products. We plan to launch a cobranded line of Reebok® Powered by Lucyd smartglasses later in 2024.
The aforementioned agreements require us to pay royalties based on a percentage of net retail and wholesale sales, and also require guaranteed minimum royalty payments. The agreements have base terms of 10 years but are cancellable at our option during the fifth year.
Sales Representation Agreement
On March 4, 2021, we entered into a commission-only, sale representation agreement with D. Landstrom Associates, Inc. for prospecting wholesale relationships with Walmart, Target, and Best Buy stores in the United States (the “Representation Agreement”). The Representation Agreement provides for D. Landstrom to act as our commission-based manufacturer’s representative, with the exclusive right to solicit offers on behalf of us to purchase our products in the United States, for the named big box stores. The term of the Representation Agreement is five years, and the contract may be terminated for “good cause” with 90 days’ notice by either party. Upon termination, commissions of orders procured will extend 180 days beyond the termination date. Thus far, the Representation Agreement has resulted in a successful launch of the Company’s products on BestBuy.com.
Proprietary Software Sharpens our Competitive Edge
Lucyd App
The Lucyd app was launched in April 2023 to provide voice access to ChatGPT in Lucyd eyewear. This is a simple and powerful app that provides significant new AI functionality to our glasses at no additional cost to the user, differentiating our products from other smart eyewear. The app also sports a powerful visual interface for interacting with ChatGPT in a variety of ways.
Additional functionalities are planned for the Lucyd app, such as the ability to hear topic-specific newsfeeds, and access audiobook and music content through voice commands. Additionally, the Company plans to add typical headphone app features such as sound mixing, warranty registration, and customization of button mappings. The Lucyd app, in addition to being an onramp into AI, is planned to be a “gearbox” for Lucyd eyewear to allow further user customization of the product experience.
Although we plan to continue to provide the app for free to glasses customers, we plan to add a Pro version of the app which will be a paid subscription, and free use given to glasses customers will be time limited to 6-12 months, after which the user will need to pay a nominal monthly fee for unlimited access to GPT (and potentially other AI services in the future). We believe this will enable a new software revenue stream for the business and allow us to capture revenue from users of other hearables such as Apple Airpods that want an audio interface for ChatGPT.
Vyrb™ Social Audio App
We believe smart eyewear, along with other wearables, has the potential to be a more convenient and ergonomic onramp to social media than smartphones and PCs. While digital assistants, once enabled, can provide the basis for this interaction, we believe that the ability to receive and send social media posts with an individual’s voice may greatly enhance ease of use of these platforms on the go. To facilitate this, we have been developing Vyrb, our full stack social media application that enables the user to receive and send posts through Lucyd Lyte smart glasses with an individual’s voice. The beta application launched in December 2021, and the full release is anticipated for 2024 once additional improvements to the user experience are completed. At or soon after this time, advertising and monetization features will be introduced into the app to make it a new revenue stream for our business.
Vyrb enhances the utility of current and future Lucyd Lyte glasses by enabling users to be untethered from their smartphones, yet still be able to hear and make social media posts. A goal of our products is to free our customers from other technologies. As such, we are designing Vyrb with a transparent, voice-centric interface, so that as soon as our customers can say “OK Google,” they are connected to a world of engaging audio content and have the ability to create audio posts and messages. We believe social interaction via smart eyewear will be instrumental in bringing new, youthful customers to our company.
The Product and Market for Vyrb
The Vyrb app is contemplated to feature an in-app item shop with a number of fun and useful upgrades, such as:
● Loot Boxes - Random packs of multiple upgrade items, a best-selling in-app purchase format frequently deployed in online video games.
● Skins - Items that alter the appearance of the app to help personalize it to the user’s preferences, such as Dark Mode.
● Accents - Items that change the accent used by the app’s text-to-speech engine, which is employed frequently to vocalize textual content.
● Metal Mics - Items that lengthen the maximum allowable verbal post length and image/video sizes per post for users.
● Post Embellishments - Items that can be used to animate posts in the feed to make them more prominent.
● Sound FX Packs - Items that increase the number of audio emojis (Sound FX) available to the user, livening up their posts.
● Ad Tokens - Items that can be spent to expand the reach of a feed post to a larger audience.
● Vyrb Gold - A premium, monthly subscription to the app that blocks all ads and brings additional benefits like a more prominent username.
● Vyrb Gems - In-app currency that can be spent to tip a user’s favorite content creators, to buy premium paywalled content and to buy certain other in-app purchases. Gems can also be traded to other users for their items on the Vyrb Marketplace module. Users will also be rewarded Gems for their engagement with ads on the platform, creating a positive feedback loop that rewards app engagement with premium content and experiences.
● Command Tokens - Items that can be spent to create new custom voice assistant commands (based on Vyrb’s Voice Command Creation Interface).
● Mega-Tag Tokens - Items that can expand the number of mega-tags available to the user (mega-tags are a unique Vyrb feature, they are automatically applied hashtags that make a user’s posts more discoverable to others).
Vyrb users will be able to purchase and support content from indie and professional creators via an in-app currency (referred to as “gems” in this document, a virtual point the user typically accumulates by viewing ad content or by purchasing them). Creators will receive gems from typical users as tips during live broadcasts, and in exchange for access to premium posts. The creators will then be able to cash out these gems at an exchange rate that provides profit to Vyrb. For example, users purchase the gems, its in-app loyalty token at a rate of $1 each, but creators only receive $0.75 for each gem they cash out. A 25% effective platform fee would put the content transaction fees of Vyrb at a lower rate than most digital content marketplaces. In the case of typical livestreaming applications, a functionality Vyrb supports, they are often exorbitant, taking as much as 50% in effective fees on in-app currency transactions.
Also, we plan for users to be able to charge a fixed price to be able to access particular audio posts. For example, this feature could be used by a podcaster to sell their premium episodes, or by a recording artist to sell their music albums. In tandem with this feature, audio posts will be divisible into tracks to support long form content such as albums and audiobooks. Vyrb will take a flat percentage fee on all sales of premium content within the application by allowing creators to cash out gems they receive for selling their content. We believe the major benefit of this system is that it will provide audio content creators a new platform for rapidly creating, listing and selling their content, and help create an environment full of rich, unique and interactive audio experiences such as live “radio shows,” indie content and virtual concerts for typical Vyrb users.
We believe that Vyrb will effectively leverage multiple successful gamification models from the world of social media to provide a flexible and highly interactive user experience that can potentially draw high-value content creators.
Employees
As of December 31, 2023, we had 11 full time employees, spread over business development, marketing, finance, sales, app design, support and frame design. Employees are supported by a number of consultants, including two frame designers and five independent sales representatives.
Other Information
Our Internet website address is www.lucyd.co. We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements on Schedule 14A, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Alternatively, you may also access our reports at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Our business involves a high degree of risk and uncertainty, including the following.
Summary Risk Factors
The risk factors described below are a summary of the principal risk factors associated with an investment in us. These are not the only risks we face. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with the risk factors set forth in detail below and the other reports and documents filed by us with the SEC.
Risks Related to our Business, Strategy and Industry
● Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our securities.
● We have a history of losses, and we may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability.
● The optical industry is highly competitive, and if we do not compete successfully, our business may be adversely impacted.
● We have limited experience in scaling a smart eyewear business. If we are unable to manage our expected growth effectively, our brand, and financial performance may suffer, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
● Increases in component costs, shipping costs, long lead times, supply shortages, and supply changes could disrupt our supply chain; factors such as wage rate increases and inflation can have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
● We currently derive all of our revenue from sales of our glasses. A decline in sales of our eyewear would negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operation.
● We face significant risks due to our dependency on foreign supply and manufacturing chains, geopolitical and economic changes, and changes in public perception about internationally sourced and manufactured products.
● We rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers and logistics partners for our products. A loss of any of these partners could negatively affect our business.
● If we fail to cost-effectively retain our existing customers or to acquire new customers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.
● If we fail to successfully launch or after we launch receive sufficient revenue from our cobranded collections with Nautica, Eddie Bauer, and Reebok, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.
● Eyeglasses are regulated as medical devices by the FDA, and our failure, or the failure of any third-party manufacturer or optical laboratory, to obtain and maintain the necessary marketing authorizations for our products could have a material adverse effect on our business.
● Our profitability and cash flows may be negatively affected if we are not successful in managing our supply chain and customer demands for product deliveries.
● If we fail to maintain and enhance our brand, our ability to engage or expand our base of customers will be impaired, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may suffer.
● We rely heavily on our information technology systems, as well as those of our third-party vendors, business partners, and service providers, for our business to effectively operate and to safeguard confidential information; any significant failure, inadequacy, interruption, or data security incident could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operations.
● Our multichannel channel business faces distinct risks, and our failure to successfully manage it could have a negative impact on our profitability.
● If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs or requirements, our solutions may become less competitive.
● We depend on highly skilled personnel to grow and operate our business, and if we are unable to hire, retain, and motivate our personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.
● A decline in sales of our eyewear would negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
● We could be adversely affected by product liability, product recall or personal injury issues.
Risks Related to our Intellectual Property
● We license some of our technology from Lucyd Ltd., the largest stockholder of the Company, and our inability to maintain this license could materially affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
● Failure to adequately maintain and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights could harm our brand, devalue our proprietary content, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively.
● We may incur costs to defend against, face liability or for being vulnerable to intellectual property infringement claims brought against us by others.
Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties
● We face risks associated with suppliers from whom our products are sourced and are dependent on a limited number of suppliers.
● Our projects could be hindered due to our dependence on third parties to complete many of our contracts.
● We depend on search engines, social media platforms, digital application stores, content-based online advertising, and other online sources to attract consumers to and promote our website and our mobile applications, which may be affected by third-party interference beyond our control; and, as we grow, the cost of acquiring new customers may continue to rise and become uneconomical.
Risks Relating to Our Business, Strategy and Industry
Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our securities.
If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum stock price requirement, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our securities. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our securities and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our securities to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our securities, prevent our securities from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum stock price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. Additionally, if our securities are not listed on, or become delisted from, Nasdaq for any reason, and are quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange, the liquidity and price of our securities may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established or sustained.
On August 4, 2023, we received written notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that, for a period of 30 consecutive business days, we failed to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 as required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we had 180 calendar days, or until January 31, 2024, to regain compliance. On February 1, 2024, the Company received a letter (the “Extension Notice”) from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it had been granted an additional 180-day period, or until July 30, 2024, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).
The optical industry is highly competitive, and if we do not compete successfully, our business may be adversely impacted.
We compete directly with large, integrated optical players that sell both at the retail level and online such as Ray-Ban® that have multiple products, well regarded brands and retail banners, as well as established and well-regarded consumer electronics companies such as Bose®. This diversified and capable competition takes place both in physical retail locations as well as online, for smart glasses. To compete effectively, we must continue to create, invest in, or acquire, advanced technology, incorporate this technology into our products, obtain regulatory approvals in a timely manner where required, and process and successfully market our products.
Most if not all of our competitors have significantly greater financial and operational resources, longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, and broader geographic presence than we do. As a result, they may be able to outmaneuver us in the marketplace and offer capable products at more competitive prices, which may adversely affect our business. They also are able to spend far more than we do for advertising. We may be at a substantial disadvantage to larger competitors with greater economies of scale. If our costs are greater compared to those of our competitors, the pricing of our products may not be as attractive, thus depressing sales or the profitability of our products and services. Our competitors may expand into markets in which we currently operate, and we remain vulnerable to the marketing power and high level of customer recognition of these larger competitors and to the risk that these competitors or others could attract our customer base. Some of our competitors are vertically integrated and are also engaged in the manufacture and distribution of glasses and many of our competitors operate under a variety of brands and price points. These competitors can advantageously leverage this structure to better compete and access the market with significant market power could make it more difficult for us to compete. We purchase some of our product components from suppliers who may be affiliates of one or more competitors or may compete with ourselves in the future.
We may not continue to be able to successfully compete against existing or future competitors. Our inability to respond effectively to competitive pressures, improved performance by our competitors, and changes in the retail and e-commerce markets could result in lost market share and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We have a history of losses, and we may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability.
We had a net loss of $6,616,791 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and a net loss of $5,681,833 for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $16,922,778. Because we have a limited operating history it is difficult for us to predict our future operating results. We will need to generate and sustain increased revenue and manage our costs to achieve profitability. Even if we do, we may not be able become or increase our profitability.
Our ability to generate profit depends on our ability to strengthen and expand our brand, continue to provide exciting products customers love, expand sales and improve margins. We are aiming to achieve profitability in the next two years, and between now and then we plan to efficiently invest in the business to bring it to scale by:
● enhancing our products with new designs, functionality, and technology to widen our appeal and delight customers in a wide variety of demographic groups; and,
● investing in our product development, supply chain and sales and marketing capabilities to leverage external resources as efficiently as possible to ensure that smart glasses are affordable for the majority of the world’s population who need them.
However, we may not succeed in any of the foregoing, and the planned investments may not result in profitability.
We have limited experience in the smart eyewear space. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our brand “Lucyd” and our financial performance may suffer, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
The smart eyewear industry is newly emerging. Whilst our directors have more than 80 years of combined experience in the eyewear industry, the smart eyewear market presents numerous new challenges. To effectively manage these challenges and continue to grow, we must continue to invest in the design of new frames and technology, expand our product line and effectively integrate several new technologies into eyewear. Achieving this could strain our existing resources, and we could experience ongoing operating difficulties in managing our business and bringing it to scale. Failure to scale could harm our competitive position and future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to effectively execute our corporate objectives.
Our ability to generate net revenue will depend upon many factors, some of which we may have no control over.
The industry for stylish, affordable smart glasses, is rapidly evolving and may not develop as we expect. Even if our net revenue continues to increase, our net revenue growth rates may decline in the future as a result of a variety of factors, including macroeconomic factors, increased competition, and the maturation of our business. As a result, you should not rely on our net revenue growth rate for any prior period as an indication of our future performance. Overall growth of our net revenue will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to:
● Increase exogenous distribution of our products in optical stores, big box retailers, specialty retailers and through multiple e-commerce channels;
● Price our products so that we are able to attract new customers, and expand our relationships with existing customers;
● Accurately forecast our net revenue and plan our operating expenses accordingly;
● Successfully compete with other companies that are currently in, or may in the future enter, the smart eyewear industry or the markets in which we compete, and respond to developments from these competitors such as pricing changes and the introduction of new products and features, noting that most, if not all, of our competitors have stronger balance sheets and larger staffs to devote to their products;
● Comply with existing and new laws and regulations applicable to our business;
● Develop new product offerings, with services and features, including in response to new trends, competitive dynamics, or the needs of customers;
● Successfully identify and acquire or invest in businesses, products, or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our business;
● Avoid interruptions or disruptions in our supply chain from natural disasters and political uncertainty;
● Provide customers with a high-quality experience and customer service and support that meets their needs;
● Hire, integrate, and retain talented sales, customer experience, product design, and development and other personnel;
● Effectively manage growth of our business, personnel, and operations;
● Effectively manage our costs related to our business and operations; and,
● Enhance our reputation and the value of the Lucyd brand.
Because we have a limited history operating our business, it is difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. Our limited operating experience combined with the rapidly evolving nature of the market in which we sell our products and services, substantial uncertainty concerning how these markets may develop, and other economic factors beyond our control, reduces our ability to accurately forecast quarterly or annual revenue. Failure to manage our future growth effectively could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
We also expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources to grow our business, and we may fail to allocate our resources in a manner that results in increased net revenue growth in our business. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If our net revenue growth does not meet our expectations in future periods, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed, and we may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future.
Increases in component costs, shipping costs, long lead times, supply shortages, and supply changes could disrupt our supply chain and factors such as wage rate increases and inflation can have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Meeting customer demand partially depends on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our products and services. All of the components that go into the manufacturing of our products and services are sourced from a limited number of third-party suppliers predominantly in the U.S., and China. Our contract manufacturers purchase and provide many of these components on our behalf, including sun lenses, demo lenses, hinge and chip sets and other electronic components, and we do not have long-term arrangements with most of our component suppliers. We are therefore subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and may preclude rapid changes in design, quantities, and delivery schedules. Our ability to meet temporary unforeseen increases in demand has been, and may in the future be, impacted by our reliance on the availability of components from these suppliers. We may in the future experience component shortages, and the predictability of the availability of these components may be limited in certain situations. In the event of a component shortage or supply interruption from suppliers of these components, we may experience supply chain delays. Developing alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult, and costly, and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may undermine our ability to fill our orders in a timely manner. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these parts or components, or the inability to obtain these parts or components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, would harm our ability to timely ship our products to our customers.
In addition, substantially all of our components are shipped directly from our contract manufacturers to our warehouse facility in Miami or to a third-party optical laboratory in the United States, where lenses are cut and mounted into frames. These laboratories process most of the glasses ordered by our customers. Once processed at the laboratories, the finished products are then sorted and shipped using third-party carriers to our customers. Our eyeglasses are also shipped directly to our third-party distribution center in the United States for shipment directly to our customers and resellers. We depend in large part on the orderly operation of this distribution process, which depends, in turn, on adherence to shipping schedules and effective management of our optical laboratory network and third-party distribution center. Increases in transportation costs (including increases in fuel costs), issues with overseas shipments, supplier-side delays, as well as reductions in the transportation capacity of carriers, labor strikes or shortages in the transportation industry, disruptions to the national and international transportation infrastructure, and unexpected delivery interruptions or delays also have the potential to derail our distribution process.
Moreover, volatile economic conditions may make it more likely that our suppliers and logistics providers may be unable to timely deliver supplies, or at all, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to timely locate alternative suppliers of comparable quality at an acceptable price. In addition, international supply chains may be impacted by events outside of our control, and limit our ability to procure timely delivery of supplies or finished goods and services. We face additional risks related to the manufacturing facility we contract with in China and suppliers in China, including port of entry risks such as longshoremen strikes, import restrictions, foreign government regulations, trade restrictions, customs, and duties.
We source components from suppliers located in China. Effective September 1, 2019, the U.S. government implemented a 15% tariff on specified products imported into the U.S. from China and effective February 14, 2020, the 15% tariff was reduced to 7.5%. In June 2020, the U.S. government granted a temporary exclusion for plastic and metal frames with a retroactive effective date of September 1, 2019, and such exclusion expired in September 2020. There remains to be uncertainty as to whether there will be, and the resulting impacts of, any changes to U.S. government trade policy. If we are unable to mitigate the full impact of the enacted tariffs or if there is a further escalation of tariffs, costs on a significant portion of our products may increase further and our financial results may be negatively affected. While it is too early to predict how the current and future China tariffs will impact our business, our financial results may also be impacted by any resulting economic slowdown. The Company has researched alternate manufacturing solutions outside of China and believes it can shift production elsewhere if necessary.
The inability to fulfill, or any delays in processing, customer orders through third party optical laboratory optical laboratory could result in the loss of customers, issuances of refunds or credits, and may also adversely affect our income and reputation. The success of our retail and e-commerce sales depends on the timely receipt of products by our customers and any repeated, intermittent or long-term disruption in, or failures of, the operations of our distribution center and/or optical laboratories could result in lower sales and profitability, a loss of loyalty to our brands, and excess inventory.
Furthermore, increases in compensation, wage pressure, and other expenses for our employees may adversely affect our profitability. Increases in minimum wages and other wage and hour regulations can exacerbate this risk. These cost increases may be the result of inflationary pressures which could further reduce our sales or profitability. Increases in other operating costs may increase our cost of products sold or selling, general, and administrative expenses. Our competitive price model and pricing pressures in the optical retail industry may inhibit our ability to reflect these increased costs in the prices of our products, in which case such increased costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The Company sells prescription upgrades at an approximate 35% profit margin, which can increase our margin exposure in the event of defective returns, and render returned pairs unsellable due to the original lenses being removed. As of January 2024, the Company’s return policy was updated to prohibit discretionary returns of prescription lenses, which we believe will reduce the impact of lens returns on our margins. Lens upgrades remain an important driver of sales and increased AOV (average order value), and the Company is continuously working to keep customer satisfaction high with this offering to keep the returns as low as possible.
We currently derive all of our revenue from sales of our glasses. A decline in sales of our eyewear would negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We derive all of our revenue from the sale of one product line, our Lucyd Lyte smart eyewear. Our glasses are sold in highly competitive markets with limited barriers to entry. Introduction by competitors of comparable products at lower price points, a maturing product lifecycle, a decline in consumer spending, or other factors could result in a material decline in our revenue. Because we derive most of our revenue from the sale of our glasses, any material decline in sales of our glasses would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
We face significant risks due to our dependency on foreign supply and manufacturing chains, geopolitical and economic changes, and changes in public perception about internationally sourced and manufactured products.
Since our component materials are sourced in China, our production may face additional risks such as, but not limited to: increased shipping costs, imposition of additional import or trade restrictions, increased custom duties and tariffs, legal or economic restrictions on our supplier and manufacturer’s ability to meet our needs, unforeseen delays in customs clearance of goods, transportation delays, issues with ports of entry, new and adverse foreign government regulations, political instability, war, natural disasters, and overall economic uncertainty. Public opinion about internationally sourced and manufactured products could be changed by negative press, which could have an impact on our customers’ confidence and satisfaction and could also have a negative impact on our public image and brand perception.
If we fail to cost-effectively retain our existing customers or to acquire new customers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.
The growth of our business is dependent upon our ability to continue to grow by cost-effectively retaining our existing customers and adding new customers. To a high degree, we rely on word of mouth to increase revenue. We also rely on the use of influencers which are expensive and may not provide the anticipated return on investment. Although we believe that many customers originate from word-of-mouth and paid and non-paid referrals, we expect to continue to expend resources and run marketing campaigns to acquire additional customers, all of which could impact our overall profitability. If we are not able to continue to expand our customer base, or fail to retain customers, our net revenue will grow slower than expected or decline.
The growth of our e-commerce channel is critical to our continued customer retention and growth. Historically, consumers have been slower to adopt online shopping for glasses than e-commerce offerings in other industries such as consumer electronics and apparel. Improving upon the consumer in-store experience through an online platform is difficult due to broad consumer demands on selection, quality, convenience, and affordability. Changing traditional optical retail habits is difficult, and if consumers and retailers do not embrace smart eyewear as we expect, our business and operations could be harmed.
Our ability to attract new customers and increase net revenue from existing customers also depends in large part on our ability to enhance and improve our existing products and to introduce new products and services, in each case, in a timely manner. We also must be able to identify and originate styles and trends as well as to anticipate and react to changing consumer demands in a timely manner. The success of new and/or enhanced products and services depends on several factors, including their timely introduction and completion, sufficient demand, and cost-effectiveness. New products that we develop may not be well received and could negatively impact our financial performance.
Our number of customers may decline materially or fluctuate as a result of many factors, including, among other things:
● the quality, consumer appeal, price, and reliability of products and services offered by us;
● intense competition in the optical retail industry by better financed participants;
● negative publicity related to our brand or brand influencers; and
● customer dissatisfaction with changes we make to our products and services.
In addition, if we are unable to provide high-quality support to customers or help resolve issues in a timely and acceptable manner, our ability to attract new customers and retain customers could be adversely affected. If our number of customers declines or fluctuates for any of these reasons among others, our business would suffer.
Our profitability and cash flows may be negatively affected if we are not successful in managing our inventory balances and inventory shrinkage.
Efficient inventory management is a key component of our business success and profitability. To be successful, we must maintain sufficient inventory levels to meet our customers’ demands without allowing those levels to increase to such an extent that the costs to hold the goods unduly impact our financial results. We must balance the need to maintain inventory levels that are sufficient to ensure competitive lead times against the risk of inventory obsolescence because of changing customer requirements, fluctuating commodity prices, changes to our products, product transfers, or the life cycle of our products. If we fail to adequately forecast demand for any product, or fail to determine the optimal product mix for production purposes, we may face production capacity issues in processing sufficient quantities of a given product. If our buying and distribution decisions do not accurately predict customer trends or spending levels in general or if we inappropriately price products, we may have to record potential write-downs relating to the value of obsolete or excess inventory. Conversely, if we underestimate future demand for a particular product or do not respond quickly enough to replenish our best performing products, we may have a shortfall in inventory of such products, likely leading to unfulfilled orders, reduced net revenue, and customer dissatisfaction. In addition, because we source components from suppliers located in China, our inventory management may be impacted by enactment or further escalation of tariffs, import restrictions, foreign government regulations, trade restrictions, customs, and duties.
Maintaining adequate inventory requires significant attention and monitoring of market trends, local markets, developments with suppliers, and our distribution network, and it is not certain that we will be effective in our inventory management.
If we fail to maintain and enhance our brand, our ability to engage or expand our base of customers will be impaired, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may suffer.
Maintaining and enhancing our appeal and reputation as a stylish, innovative, and coveted brand is critical to attracting and expanding our relationships with customers. The successful promotion of our brand and the market’s awareness of our products and services will depend on a number of factors, including our marketing efforts, ability to continue to develop our products and services, and ability to successfully differentiate our offerings from competitive offerings. We expect to invest substantial resources to promote and maintain our brand, but there is no guarantee that our brand development strategies will enhance the recognition of our brand or lead to increased sales. The strength of our brand will depend largely on our ability to provide stylish, technologically enhanced products and quality services at competitive prices. Brand promotion activities may not yield increased net revenue, and even if they do, the increased net revenue may not offset the expenses we incur in promoting and maintaining our brand and reputation. In order to protect our brand, we also plan to expend substantial resources to register and defend our trademarks and to prevent others from using the same or substantially similar marks. Despite these efforts, we and Lucyd Ltd. may not always be successful in protecting the trademarks we license from Lucyd Ltd. Our trademarks may be diluted, and we may suffer harm to our reputation, or other harm to our brand. If our efforts to cost-effectively promote and maintain our brand are not successful, our results of operations and our ability to attract and engage customers, partners, and employees may be adversely affected.
Unfavorable publicity regarding our products, customer service, or privacy and security practices could also harm our reputation and diminish confidence in, and the use of, our products and services. In addition, negative publicity related to key brands that we have partnered with may damage our reputation, even if the publicity is not directly related to us. If we fail to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand successfully or to maintain loyalty among customers, or if we incur substantial expenses in unsuccessful attempts to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand, we may fail to attract or increase the engagement of customers, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may suffer.
We rely heavily on our information technology systems, as well as those of our third-party vendors, business partners, and service providers, for our business to effectively operate and to safeguard confidential information; any significant failure, inadequacy, interruption, or data security incident could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operations.
We rely heavily on our in-house information technology and enterprise resource planning systems for many functions across our operations, including managing our supply chain and inventory, processing customer transactions in our stores, allocating lens processing jobs to the appropriate laboratories, our financial accounting and reporting, compensating our employees, and operating our website, mobile applications and in-store systems. Our ability to effectively manage our business and coordinate the manufacturing, sourcing, distribution, and sale of our products depends significantly on the reliability and capacity of these systems. We are critically dependent on the integrity, security, and consistent operations of these systems, which are highly reliant on the coordination of our internal business and engineering teams. We also collect, process, and store sensitive and confidential information, including our proprietary business information and that of our customers, employees, suppliers, and business partners. The secure processing, maintenance, and transmission of this information is critical to our operations.
Our systems may be subject to damage or interruption from power outages or damages, telecommunications problems, data corruption, software errors, network failures, acts of war or terrorist attacks, fire, flood, global pandemics, and natural disasters; our existing safety systems, data backup, access protection, user management, and information technology emergency planning may not be sufficient to prevent data loss or long-term network outages. In addition, we may have to upgrade our existing information technology systems or choose to incorporate new technology systems from time to time in order for such systems to support the increasing needs of our expanding business. Costs and potential problems and interruptions associated with the implementation of new or upgraded systems and technology or with maintenance or adequate support of existing systems could disrupt or reduce the efficiency of our operations.
Our systems and those of our third-party service providers and business partners may be vulnerable to security incidents, attacks by hackers, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, human errors or other similar events. If unauthorized parties gain access to our networks or databases, or those of our third-party service providers or business partners, they may be able to steal, publish, delete, use inappropriately, or modify our private and sensitive third-party information including personal health information, credit card information, and personal identification information. In addition, employees may intentionally or inadvertently cause data or security incidents that result in unauthorized release of personal or confidential information. Because the techniques used to circumvent security systems can be highly sophisticated, change frequently, are often not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address all possible techniques or implement adequate preventive measures for all situations.
Security incidents compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this information and our systems could result from cyber-attacks, computer malware, viruses, social engineering (including spear phishing and ransomware attacks), credential stuffing, supply chain attacks, efforts by individuals or groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored organizations, errors or malfeasance of our personnel, and security vulnerabilities in the software or systems on which we rely. We anticipate that these threats will continue to grow in scope and complexity over time and such incidents have occurred in the past, and may occur in the future, resulting in unauthorized, unlawful, or inappropriate access to, inability to access, disclosure of, or loss of the sensitive, proprietary and confidential information that we handle.
We also rely on a number of third-party service providers to operate our critical business systems, provide us with software, and process confidential and personal information, such as the payment processors that process customer credit card payments, which expose us to security risks outside of our direct control and our ability to monitor these third-party service providers’ data security is limited. These service providers could experience a security incident that compromises the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the systems they operate for us or the information they process on our behalf. Cybercrime and hacking techniques are constantly evolving, and we or our third-party service providers may be unable to anticipate attempted security breaches, react in a timely manner, or implement adequate preventative measures, particularly given the increasing use of hacking techniques designed to circumvent controls, avoid detection, and remove or obfuscate forensic artifacts. While we have taken measures designed to protect the security of the confidential and personal information under our control, we cannot assure you that any security measures that we or our third-party service providers have implemented will be effective against current or future security threats.
A security breach may also cause us to breach our contractual obligations. Our agreements with certain customers, business partners, or other stakeholders may require us to use industry-standard or reasonable measures to safeguard personal information. We also may be subject to laws that require us to use industry-standard or reasonable security measures to safeguard personal information. A security incident could lead to claims by our customers, business partners, or other relevant stakeholders that we have failed to comply with such legal or contractual obligations. In addition, our inability to comply with data privacy obligations in our contracts or our inability to flow down such obligations to our vendors, collaborators, other contractors, or consultants may cause us to breach our contracts. As a result, we could be subject to legal action, or our customers or business partners could end their relationships with us. There can be no assurance that the limitations of liability in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages.
In addition, any such access, disclosure or other loss or unauthorized use of information or data, whether actual or perceived, could result in legal claims or proceedings, regulatory investigations or actions, and other types of liability under laws that protect the privacy and security of personal information, including federal, state and foreign data protection and privacy regulations, violations of which could result in significant penalties and fines in the EU and United States. In addition, although we seek to detect and investigate all data security incidents, security breaches, and other incidents of unauthorized access to our information technology systems and data can be difficult to detect and any delay in identifying such breaches or incidents may lead to increased harm and legal exposure of the type described above.
The cost of investigating, mitigating, and responding to potential security breaches and complying with applicable breach notification obligations to individuals, regulators, partners, and others can be significant. Further, defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly, divert management attention, and harm our reputation. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, revenues, results of operations, or cash flows. Any material disruption or slowdown of our systems or those of our third-party service providers and business partners, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our risks are likely to increase as we continue to expand, grow our customer base, and process, store, and transmit increasing amounts of proprietary and sensitive data.
Our e-commerce and multichannel channel business faces distinct risks, and our failure to successfully manage it could have a negative impact on our profitability.
As an e-commerce and multichannel retailer, we encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by businesses with significant online and in-store sales. The successful operation of our business as well as our ability to provide a positive shopping experience that will generate orders and drive subsequent visits depends on efficient and uninterrupted operation of our e-commerce order-taking and fulfillment operations. If we are unable to allow real-time and accurate visibility to product availability when customers are ready to purchase, quickly and efficiently fulfill our customers’ orders using the fulfillment and payment methods they demand, provide a convenient and consistent experience for our customers regardless of the ultimate sales channel, or effectively manage our online sales, our ability to compete and our results of operations could be adversely affected. Risks associated with our e-commerce and multichannel business include:
● uncertainties associated with our websites, mobile applications and in-store virtual try-on kiosks including changes in required technology interfaces, website downtime and other technical failures, costs and technical issues as we upgrade our systems software, inadequate system capacity, computer viruses, human error, security breaches, legal claims related to our systems operations, and fulfillment;
● our partnership with select third-party apps, through which we sell a portion of our products, are subject to changes in their technology interfaces, website downtime and other technical failures, costs, and issues;
● disruptions in internet service or power outages;
● reliance on third parties for computer hardware and software, as well as delivery of merchandise to our customers;
● rapid technology changes;
● credit or debit card fraud and other payment processing related issues;
● cybersecurity and consumer privacy; and
● natural disasters or adverse weather conditions.
In addition, we must keep up to date with competitive technology trends, including the use of new or improved technology, creative user interfaces, virtual and augmented reality, and other e-commerce marketing tools such as paid search and mobile application, among others, which may increase our costs and which may not increase sales or attract customers. Our competitors, most of whom have significantly greater resources than we do, may also be able to benefit from changes in e-commerce technologies, which could harm our competitive position.
If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs or requirements, our solutions may become less competitive.
Our success depends on our customers’ willingness to adopt and use our products, as well as our ability to adapt and enhance our products. To attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers, we need to continue to enhance and improve our products and to meet customer needs at prices that customers are willing to pay. Such efforts will require adding new features, expanding related applications and responding to technological advancements, which will increase our research and development costs. If we are unable to develop solutions that address customers’ needs or enhance and improve our platform in a timely manner, we may not be able to increase or maintain market acceptance of our products. Further, we may make changes to our products that customers do not find useful. We may also face unexpected problems or challenges in connection with new applications or feature introductions.
Moreover, many competitors expend a considerably greater amount of funds on their research and development programs, and those that do not may be acquired by larger companies that would allocate greater resources to competitors’ research and development programs. If we fail to compete effectively with the research and development programs of competitors, our business could be harmed. Our ability to grow is also subject to the risk of future disruptive technologies. If new technologies emerge that are able to deliver smart eyewear products at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently or more securely, such technologies could adversely affect our ability to compete.
We depend on highly skilled personnel to grow and operate our business, and if we are unable to hire, retain, and motivate our personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.
Our success and future growth depend largely upon the continued services of our management team, including our Chief Executive Officer Harrison Gross. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of our executives. Our executive officers are employed on an at-will basis, which means they may terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one or more of our executive officers, or the failure by our executive team to effectively work with our employees and lead our company, could harm our business. We do not maintain key person life insurance with respect to any member of management or other employee.
In addition, our future success will depend, in part, upon our continued ability to identify and hire skilled employees with the skills and technical knowledge that we require, including software design and programming, eyewear design, marketing, merchandising, operations, and other key management skills and knowledge. Such efforts will require significant time, expense, and attention as there is intense competition for such individuals.
Certain technological advances, greater availability of, or increased consumer preferences for, vision correction alternatives to prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses, and future drug development for the correction of vision-related problems may reduce the demand for our products and adversely impact our business and profitability.
Technological advances in vision care, including the development of new or improved products, as well as future drug development for the correction of vision-related problems, could significantly change how vision care may be conducted and make our existing products less attractive or even obsolete. The greater availability and acceptance, or reductions in the cost, of vision correction alternatives to prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses, such as corneal refractive surgery procedures, including radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratotomy, or PRK, and LASIK, may reduce the demand for our products, lower our sales, and thereby adversely impact our business and profitability.
We could be adversely affected by product liability, product recall or personal injury issues.
We could be adversely impacted by the supply of defective products, including the infiltration of counterfeit products into the supply chain or product mishandling issues. Product liability or personal injury claims may be asserted against us with respect to any of the products we sell or services we provide.
If the products that we sell, including those that we process, package, or label, are defective or otherwise result in product liability or personal injury claims against us, our business could be adversely affected and we could be subject to adverse regulatory action. If our products or services do not meet applicable governmental safety standards or our customers’ expectations regarding quality or safety, we could experience lost sales and increased costs, be exposed to legal and reputational risk, and face fines or penalties which could materially adversely affect our financial results.
Refunds, cancellations, and warranty claims could harm our business.
We allow our customers to return our products, subject to our refund policy, which allows any customer to return our products for any reason and receive a full refund for frames (prescription lenses excluded) within the first 7 days for sales made through our website, 30 days for sales made through Amazon, and 30 days for sales to most wholesale retailers and distributors (although certain sales to independent distributors are ineligible for returns). At the time of sale, we establish a reserve for returns, based on historical experience and expected future returns, which is recorded as a reduction of sales. Historically, we have experienced higher return rates on glasses with prescription lenses compared to glasses with non-prescription lenses, due to instances of improperly cut prescription lenses. If we experience a substantial increase in refunds, our cancellation reserve levels might not be sufficient and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed. However, updates to the Company’s prescription lens return policy in January 2024, as mentioned above, is expected to support a reduction in excessive lens costs. Additionally in January 2024, the Company instituted a standard $15 restocking fee for standard frame returns, which is deducted from applicable refunds to cover shipping and restocking costs.
We expect a number of factors to cause our results of operations and operating cash flows to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which may make it difficult to predict our future performance.
Our results of operations could vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year because of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our results of operations on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. In addition to other risk factors discussed in this section, factors that may contribute to the variability of our quarterly and annual results include:
● our ability to accurately forecast and achieve net revenues and appropriately plan our expenses;
● changes to financial accounting standards and the interpretation of those standards, which may affect the way we recognize and report our financial results;
● the effectiveness of our internal controls;
● the early-stage nature of our business and the need to scale our operations; and
● our ability to introduce our new cobranded products and product upgrades.
The impact of one or more of the foregoing and other factors may cause our results of operations to vary significantly. As such, quarter-to-quarter and year-over-year comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.
We may require additional capital to support the growth of our business, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
We have funded our operations since inception primarily through net proceeds from the sale of convertible loan notes common stock sales through two registered crowdfunds and our initial public offering. We cannot be certain when, or if, our operations will generate sufficient cash to fully fund our ongoing operations or the growth of our business. We intend to continue to make investments to support the development of our products and services and will require additional funds for such development. We may need additional funding for marketing expenses and to develop and expand sales resources, develop new products and improve existing products with new features or enhance our products and services with new technology, improve our operating infrastructure, or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we might need or may want to engage in future equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. Additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to us, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to invest in future growth opportunities, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, our ability to develop our products and services, support our business growth, and respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business may be adversely affected.
If we incur additional debt, the debt holders would have rights senior to holders of common stock to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any additional debt could include restrictive covenants that restrict our operations, including our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Furthermore, if we issue additional equity securities, stockholders will experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in the future will depend on numerous considerations, including factors beyond our control, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of any future issuances of debt or equity securities. As a result, our stockholders bear the risk of future issuances of debt or equity securities reducing the value of our common stock and diluting their interests.
The occurrence of any of these foregoing risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and expose us to unknown risks or liabilities.
If we fail to successfully launch or after we launch receive sufficient revenue from our cobranded collections with Nautica, Eddie Bauer, and Reebok, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.
We believe that the launch of our cobranded collections with Nautica, Eddie Bauer, and Reebok will grow our brand and company due to the global renown of those partners. If we are unable to successfully launch these cobranded collections, we may not be able to grow as currently anticipated and may be required to shift our current business plans.
Even if we are able to successfully launch our cobranded collections with Nautica, Eddie Bauer, and Reebok, there is no guarantee that we will receive sufficient revenue to pay the licensing fees that would be owed to Nautica, Eddie Bauer, and Reebok. Specifically, we minimally owe $14,171,210 over the next ten years in licensing fees. If we are not able to successfully market and sell our cobranded products, we will not receive sufficient revenue to pay the licensing fees and would need to use the proceeds from our other products to pay the fees.
Eyeglasses are regulated as medical devices by the FDA, and our failure, or the failure of any third-party manufacturer or optical laboratory, to obtain and maintain the necessary agency authorizations for our products could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are an FDA registered eyewear importer, and we also engage in certain manufacturing, packaging, shipping and labeling activities that subject us and our overseas manufacturing partners to oversight by the FDA under the FDCA and its implementing regulations. The FDA regulates, among other things, with respect to medical devices: design, development and manufacturing, testing, labeling, content, and language of instructions for use and storage; clinical trials; product safety; establishment registration and device listing; marketing, sales and distribution; premarket clearance, classification and approval; recordkeeping procedures; advertising and promotion; recalls and field safety corrective actions; post market surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries and malfunctions that, if they were to recur, could lead to death or serious injury; post-market approval studies; and product import and export. The regulations to which we are subject are simpler than most medical products due to the relatively low risk classification of eyewear-regularly, only our lenses are reviewed for FDA clearance. Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to carry on or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs, or lower than anticipated sales. The FDA enforces its regulatory requirements through, among other means, periodic unannounced inspections. Failure to comply with applicable regulations could jeopardize our or our contract manufacturers’ ability to manufacture and sell our products and result in FDA enforcement actions such as: warning letters; fines; injunctions; civil penalties; termination of distribution; recalls or seizures of products; delays in the introduction of products into the market; total or partial suspension of production; refusal to grant future clearances or approvals; withdrawals or suspensions of clearances or approvals, resulting in prohibitions on sales of our products; and in the most serious cases, criminal penalties.
Due to the nature of Vyrb as a social media application, and our collection of customer data in the process of taking orders, we are subject to rapidly changing and increasingly stringent laws, regulations, obligations, and industry standards relating to privacy, data security, and data protection. The restrictions and costs imposed by these laws and other obligations, or our actual or perceived failure to comply with them, could subject us to liabilities that adversely affect our business, operations, and financial performance.
We collect, process, store, and use a wide variety of data from current and prospective customers, including personal information, such as home addresses and geolocation, and health information related to their ophthalmic prescriptions. These activities are regulated by a variety of federal, state, local, and foreign privacy, data security, and data protection laws and regulations, which have become increasingly stringent in recent years.
Domestic privacy and data security laws are complex and changing rapidly. Many states have enacted laws regulating the online collection, use, and disclosure of personal information and requiring that companies implement reasonable data security measures. Laws in all states and U.S. territories also require businesses to notify affected individuals, governmental entities, and/or credit reporting agencies of certain security incidents affecting personal information. These laws are not consistent, and compliance with them in the event of a widespread data breach is complex and costly.
Further, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA gives California residents expanded rights related to their personal information, including the right to access and delete their personal information, and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used and shared. The CCPA also created restrictions on “sales” of personal information that allow California residents to opt-out of certain sharing of their personal information and may restrict the use of cookies and similar technologies for advertising purposes. Our e-commerce platform, including our websites and mobile applications, rely on these technologies and could be adversely affected by the CCPA’s restrictions. The CCPA prohibits discrimination against individuals who exercise their privacy rights, provides for civil penalties for violations, and creates a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. Additionally, a new California ballot initiative, the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA, was recently passed in California. The CPRA will restrict use of certain categories of sensitive personal information that we handle; further restrict the use of cross-context behavioral advertising techniques on
which our products may rely in the future; establish restrictions on the retention of personal information; expand the types of data breaches subject to the private right of action; and establish the California Privacy Protection Agency to implement and enforce the new law, as well as impose administrative fines. The majority of the CPRA’s provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2023, and additional compliance investment and potential business process changes will likely be required. Similar laws have been proposed in other states and at the federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. Compliance with such laws could be difficult and costly to achieve and we could be subject to fines and penalties in the event of non-compliance.
Additionally, we are subject to certain health information privacy and security laws as a result of the health information that we receive in connection with our products and services. These laws and regulations include not be adequate to indemnify us for the full extent of our potential liabilities.
Finally, since the Vyrb social app allows users to create and share various types of multimedia content in a public space operated by the Company, the Company has a basic responsibility to ensure that illegal or otherwise personally harmful content is removed from the platform with speed, which if we fail to do so, could potentially result in legal action against the Company.
Our business could be adversely impacted by changes in the internet and mobile device accessibility of users. Companies and governmental agencies may restrict access to our products and services, our mobile applications, website, application stores, or the internet generally, which could negatively impact our operations.
Our business depends on customers accessing our products and services via a mobile device or a personal computer, and the internet. We may operate in jurisdictions that provide limited internet connectivity. Internet access and access to a mobile device or personal computer are frequently provided by companies with significant market power that could take actions that degrade, disrupt, or increase the cost of consumers’ ability to access our products and services. In addition, the internet infrastructure that we and our customers rely on in any particular geographic area may be unable to support the demands placed upon it and could interfere with the speed and availability of our products and services. Any such failure in internet or mobile device or computer accessibility, even for a short period of time, could adversely affect our results of operations.
Governmental agencies in any of the countries in which we or our customers are located could block access to or require a license for our mobile applications, website, or the internet generally for a number of reasons, including security, confidentiality, or regulatory concerns. In addition, companies may adopt policies that prohibit their employees from using our products and services. If companies or governmental entities block, limit, or otherwise restrict customers from accessing our products and services, our business could be negatively impacted, the number of customers could decline or grow more slowly, and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings, regulatory disputes, and governmental inquiries that could cause us to incur significant expenses, divert our management’s attention, and materially harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.
From time to time, we may be subject to claims, lawsuits, government investigations, and other proceedings involving products liability, competition and antitrust, intellectual property, privacy, false advertising, consumer protection, securities, tax, labor and employment, commercial disputes, and other matters that could adversely affect our business operations and financial condition. As we grow, we may see a rise in the number and significance of these disputes and inquiries. Litigation and regulatory proceedings may be protracted and expensive, and the results are difficult to predict. Certain of these matters include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages and include claims for injunctive relief. Additionally, our litigation costs could be significant. Adverse outcomes with respect to litigation or any of these legal proceedings may result in significant settlement costs or judgments, penalties and fines, or require us to modify our products or services, all of which could negatively affect our revenue growth. The results of litigation, investigations, claims, and regulatory proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, and determining reserves for pending litigation and other legal and regulatory matters requires significant judgment. There can be no assurance that our expectations will prove correct, and even if these matters are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
We license some of our technology from Lucyd Ltd., the largest stockholder of the Company, and our inability to maintain this license could materially affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.
Some of our current intellectual property is licensed from Lucyd Ltd., the largest stockholder of the Company, pursuant to a license agreement we entered into with Lucyd Ltd. on April 1, 2020 (the “License Agreement”). Pursuant to the License Agreement, we acquired an exclusive, worldwide license that is royalty-free, fully paid up, and perpetual license for the exclusive use of certain assets of Lucyd Ltd. related to Innovative Eyewear current products and trademarks. There can be no assurance that the license will not be terminated by Lucyd Ltd. and if we are unable to continue to license the technology (because of, for example, intellectual property infringement claims brought by third-parties against us or against Lucyd Ltd.) then our business, financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected. Please see “Business-Material Agreements” for a more complete description of the License Agreement.
Failure to adequately maintain and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights could harm our brand, devalue our proprietary content, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively.
Our success depends to a significant degree on Lucyd Ltd.’s ability to obtain, maintain, protect, and enforce our licensed intellectual property rights, including those in our proprietary technologies, know-how, and brand. To protect our rights to our intellectual property, we rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, domain name registrations, confidentiality agreements, and other contractual arrangements with our employees, affiliates, clients, strategic partners, and others. However, the protective steps we have taken and plan to take may be inadequate to deter misappropriation or other violation of or otherwise protect our intellectual property rights. We may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of, or take appropriate steps to enforce, our intellectual property rights. Effective patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret protection may not be available to us or available in every jurisdiction in which we offer or intend to offer our services. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could harm our brand, devalue our proprietary technology and content, and adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Further, even if we are successful, defending our intellectual property rights could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitors may gain access to our licensed intellectual property and proprietary technology and develop and commercialize substantially identical offerings or technologies. Any patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights that we have or may obtain may be challenged or circumvented by others or invalidated or held unenforceable through administrative process, including re-examination, inter partes review, interference and derivation proceedings, and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., opposition proceedings), or litigation. There can be no assurance that our patent applications will result in issued patents and we may be unable to obtain or maintain patent protection for our technology. In addition, any patents issued from pending or future patent applications or licensed to us in the future may not provide us with claims sufficiently broad to provide meaningful competitive advantages or may be successfully challenged by third parties. There is also no guarantee that our pending trademark applications for any mark will proceed to registration; our pending applications may be opposed by a third party prior to registration; and even those trademarks that are registered could be challenged by a third party, including by way of revocation or invalidity actions. For example, we have registrations in a number of foreign countries in which we are not currently offering goods or services, and those registrations could be subject to invalidation proceedings if we cannot demonstrate use of the marks by the applicable use deadlines in those countries. In addition, because patent applications in the United States are currently maintained in secrecy for a period of time prior to issuance, and patent applications in certain other countries generally are not published until more than 18 months after they are first filed, and because publication of discoveries in scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first creator of inventions covered by our pending patent applications or that we were the first to file patent applications on such inventions. To maintain a proprietary market position in foreign countries, we may seek to protect some of our proprietary inventions through
foreign counterpart patent applications. Statutory differences in patentable subject matter may limit the protection we can obtain on some of our inventions outside of the United States. The diversity of patent laws may make our expenses associated with the development and maintenance of intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions more expensive than we anticipate. We probably will not be able to obtain the same patent protection in every market in which we may otherwise be able to potentially generate revenue. Further, the laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be inadequate. Moreover, policing unauthorized use of our technologies, trade secrets, and intellectual property may be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our offerings and capabilities and use information that we regard as proprietary to create offerings that compete with ours. Third parties may apply to register our trademarks or other trademarks similar to our trademarks in jurisdictions before us, thereby creating risks relating to our ability to use and register our trademarks in those jurisdictions. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark ownership or infringement claims brought by owners of other rights, including registered trademarks, in our marks or marks similar to ours. Any claims of infringement, brand dilution, or consumer confusion related to our brand (including our trademarks) or any failure to renew key license agreements on acceptable terms could damage our reputation and brand identity and substantially harm our business and results of operations. The value of our intellectual property could diminish if others assert rights in or ownership of our trademarks and other intellectual property rights, or trademarks that are similar to our trademarks. We may be unable to successfully resolve these types of conflicts to our satisfaction. In some cases, litigation or other actions may be necessary to protect or enforce our trademarks and other intellectual property rights.
We generally enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants, as well as confidentiality agreements with other third parties, including suppliers and other partners. However, we cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that has or may have had access to our proprietary information, know-how, and trade secrets. Moreover, no assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to our proprietary information or the distribution, use, misuse, misappropriation, reverse engineering, or disclosure of our proprietary information, know-how, and trade secrets. Further, these agreements may not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our offerings and capabilities. These agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach.
We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming, and distracting to management, and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property rights. Further, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights, and if such defenses, counterclaims, or countersuits are successful, we could lose valuable intellectual property rights. Further, any changes in law or interpretation of any such laws, particularly intellectual property laws, may impact our ability to protect, register, or enforce our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our proprietary technology against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could delay further sales or the implementation of our offerings and capabilities, impair the functionality of our offerings and capabilities, delay introductions of new offerings, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our offerings, or injure our reputation.
Domain names generally are regulated by internet regulatory bodies, and the regulation of domain names is subject to change. Regulatory bodies have and may continue to establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars, or modify the requirements for holding domain names. We may not be able to, or it may not be cost-effective to, acquire or maintain all domain names that utilize the name “Lucyd Ltd.” or “Innovative Eyewear” in all of the countries in which we currently conduct or intend to conduct business. If we lose the ability to use a domain name, we could incur significant additional expenses to market our products within that country, including the development of new branding. This could substantially harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
We may incur costs to defend against, face liability or for being vulnerable to intellectual property infringement claims brought against us by others.
Third parties may assert claims against us alleging that we infringe upon, misappropriate, dilute or otherwise violate their intellectual property rights, particularly as we expand our business and the number of products we offer. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims. We may be particularly vulnerable to such claims, as companies having a substantial online presence are frequently subject to litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. As we gain an increasingly high public profile, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us grows. Our competitors and others may now and in the future have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than us.
We rely on contracts and releases for ownership of copyrighted materials and the right to use images of individuals on our webpage and marketing material, and we may be subject to claims that we did not properly obtain rights, consent, a release, or permission to use certain content or imagery. Many potential litigants have the ability to dedicate substantial resources to the assertion of their intellectual property rights. Any claim of infringement by a third party, even those without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, could distract our management from our business, could require us to cease use of such intellectual property, and could create ongoing obligations if we are subject to agreements or injunctions (stipulated or imposed) preventing us from engaging in certain acts. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, we risk compromising our confidential information during this type of litigation. Our defense of any claim, regardless of its merit, could be expensive and time consuming and could divert management resources. We cannot predict the outcome of lawsuits and cannot ensure that the results of any such actions will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Successful infringement claims against us could result in significant monetary liability or prevent us from selling some of our products. In addition, resolution of claims may require us to redesign or rebrand our products, license rights from third parties on potentially unfavorable terms, cease using certain brand names or other intellectual property rights altogether, make substantial payments for royalty or license fees, legal fees, settlement payments or other costs or damages, or admit liability. Such outcomes could encourage others to bring claims against us. To the extent we seek a license to continue offerings or operations found or alleged to infringe third-party intellectual property rights, such a license may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. In the event we are required to develop alternative, non-infringing technology, this could require significant time (during which we would be unable to continue to offer our affected offerings), effort and expense, and may ultimately not be successful. Any of these events could harm our business and cause our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition to suffer.
Risks Related to Our Dependence on Third Parties
We face risks associated with suppliers from whom our products are sourced and are dependent on a limited number of suppliers.
We purchase all of the inputs for our products, including eyeglass frames, temples with electronics embedded within them, prescription lenses, sun lenses, demo lenses, hinges, packaging materials and other components, parts, and raw materials, directly or indirectly from domestic and international suppliers. For our business to be successful, our suppliers must be willing and able to provide us with inputs in substantial quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements, at acceptable costs and on a timely basis. Our ability to obtain a sufficient selection or volume of inputs on a timely basis at competitive prices could suffer as a result of any deterioration or change in our supplier relationships or events that adversely affect our suppliers.
We typically do not enter into long-term contracts with our suppliers and, as such, we operate without significant contractual assurances of continued supply, pricing or access to inputs. Any of our suppliers could discontinue supplying us with desired inputs in sufficient quantities or offer us less favorable terms on future transactions for a variety of reasons. The benefits we currently experience from our suppliers’ relationships could be adversely affected if our suppliers:
● discontinue selling products to us;
● raise their prices;
● increase lead times for products and/or key components
We also source inputs directly from suppliers outside of the United States, including China. Global sourcing and foreign trade involve numerous factors and uncertainties beyond our control including increased shipping costs, the imposition of additional import or trade restrictions, including legal or economic restrictions on overseas suppliers’ ability to produce and deliver inputs, increased custom duties and tariffs, unforeseen delays in customs clearance of goods, more restrictive quotas, loss of a most favored nation trading status, currency exchange rates, transportation delays, port of entry issues and foreign government regulations, political instability, and economic uncertainties in the countries from which we or our suppliers source our products.
We rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers and logistics partners for our products. A loss of any of these partners could negatively affect our business.
We rely on a limited number of third-party suppliers and contract manufacturers for the components that go into the manufacturing of our products. In particular, our frames are provided by only a handful of suppliers. We also assemble and fulfill prescription glasses at a single third-party optical laboratory. Our reliance on a limited number of contract manufacturers and logistics partners for our products increases our risks of being unable to deliver our products in a timely and cost-effective manner. In the event of interruption from any of our contract manufacturers or our own fulfillment capabilities, we should be able to increase capacity from other sources or develop alternate or secondary sources without incurring material additional costs or substantial delays.
Our business could be adversely affected if one or more of our manufacturers is impacted by a natural disaster, an epidemic, or other interruption at a particular location.
Additionally, we do not own or operate a warehouse or a warehouse management company or system, and we currently rely on three third-party warehouses. Because a significant percentage of our products are stored in and shipped out of third-party warehouses, we face significant risks such as, but not limited to: our operations could be disrupted and our inventory could be destroyed by earthquakes, floods, fires or other natural disasters or other events outside of our control, or the control of our third-party warehouse. Our dependence on third-party warehouses also exposes us to the risk that the warehouse may experience operational disruptions due to security or computer viruses, software and hardware failure, power interruptions and other system failures. If we encounter problems with our third-party warehouse, we may be unable to meet customer expectations, manage our inventory and fulfillment capacity, complete sales, fulfill orders in a timely fashion, and our ability to achieve objectives for operating efficiencies could be adversely affected, all of which could harm our reputation and our relationship with our customers.
Our projects could be hindered due to our dependence on third parties to complete many of our contracts.
In the current economic environment, third parties may find it difficult to obtain sufficient financing to help fund their operations. The inability to obtain financing could adversely affect a third party’s ability to provide materials, equipment or services which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, a failure by a third-party subcontractor, supplier or manufacturer to comply with applicable laws, regulations or client requirements could negatively impact our business and, for government clients, could result in fines, penalties, suspension or even debarment being imposed on us, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We depend on search engines, social media platforms, digital application stores, content-based online advertising, and other online sources to attract consumers to and promote our website and our mobile applications, which may be affected by third-party interference beyond our control and as we grow our customer acquisition costs may rise.
Our success depends in part on our ability to attract consumers to our website, mobile applications, and retail partners to convert them into customers in a cost-effective manner. We depend, in large part, on search engines, social media platforms, digital application stores, content-based online advertising, and other online sources for traffic to our website, mobile applications, and select application partners.
With respect to search engines, we are included in search results as a result of both paid search listings, where we purchase specific search terms that result in the inclusion of our advertisement, and free search listings, which depend on algorithms used by search engines. For paid search listings, if one or more of the search engines or other online sources on which we rely for purchased listings modifies or terminates its relationship with us, our expenses could rise, we could lose consumers and traffic to our website could decrease, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We plan to rely primarily on third-party insurance policies to insure our operations-related risks. If our insurance coverage is insufficient for the needs of our business or our insurance providers are unable to meet their obligations, we may not be able to mitigate the risks facing our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We procure third-party insurance policies or plan to procure policies to cover various operations-related risks including employment practices liability, workers’ compensation, property and business interruptions, cybersecurity and data breaches, crime, directors’ and officers’ liability, and general business liabilities. We rely on a limited number of insurance providers, and should such providers discontinue or increase the cost of coverage, we cannot guarantee that we would be able to secure replacement coverage on reasonable terms or at all. If our insurance carriers change the terms of our policies in a manner not favorable to us, our insurance costs could increase. Further, if the insurance coverage we maintain is not adequate to cover losses that occur, or if we are required to purchase additional insurance for other aspects of our business, we could be liable for significant additional costs. Additionally, if any of our insurance providers becomes insolvent, it would be unable to pay any operations-related claims that we make.
General Risk Factors
Failure to establish and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
Since the completion of our initial public offering in August 2022, we have been required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of controls over financial reporting. Though we will be required to disclose changes made in our internal controls and procedures on a quarterly basis, we are not required to make our first annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC. As an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of certain temporary exemptions from various reporting requirements, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder). Once we no longer qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act and lose the ability to rely on the exemptions related thereto discussed above and depending on our status as per Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, our independent registered public accounting firm may also need to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404.
Based on the number of personnel available to serve the Company’s accounting function, management believes we are not able to adequately segregate responsibility over financial transaction processing and reporting. Further, the Company does not have a formal internal control environment in place and operating effectively. As such, we have identified these issues as material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and insufficient controls with respect to revenue recognition, and we may identify additional material weaknesses in the future that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements of our financial statements. If our remediation of such material weaknesses is not effective, or if we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be materially and adversely affected and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, which could require additional financial and management resources.
Changes in tax treatment of companies engaged in e-commerce may adversely affect the commercial use of our sites and our financial results.
Due to the global nature of the Internet, it is possible that various states or foreign countries might attempt to impose additional or new regulation on our business or levy additional or new sales, income, or other taxes relating to our activities. Tax authorities at the international, federal, state, and local levels are currently reviewing the appropriate treatment of companies engaged in e-commerce and digital services. New or revised international, federal, state, or local tax regulations or court decisions may subject us or our customers to additional sales, income and other taxes. For example, on June 21, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court rendered a 5-4 majority decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair Inc., 17-494 where the Court held, among other things, that a state may require an out-of-state seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales taxes on goods the seller ships to consumers in the state, overturning existing court precedent. Other new or revised taxes and, in particular, digital taxes, sales taxes, VAT, and similar taxes could increase the cost of doing business online and decrease the attractiveness of selling products over the Internet. New taxes and rulings could also create significant increases in internal costs necessary to capture data and collect and remit taxes. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
An overall decline in the health of the economy and other factors impacting consumer spending, such as recessionary conditions, governmental instability, inclement weather, and natural disasters, may affect consumer purchases, which could reduce demand for our products and harm our business, financial conditions, and results of operations.
Our business depends on consumer demand for our products and, consequently, is sensitive to a number of factors that influence consumer confidence and spending, such as general economic conditions, consumer disposable income, energy and fuel prices, recession and fears of recession, unemployment, minimum wages, availability of consumer credit, consumer debt levels, conditions in the housing market, interest rates, tax rates and policies, inflation, consumer confidence in future economic conditions and political conditions, war and fears of war, inclement weather, natural disasters, terrorism, outbreak of viruses or widespread illness, and consumer perceptions of personal well-being and security. However, as eyewear is a necessary medical device for a large segment of the population, we believe our business is more insulated from economic forces compared to other consumer electronics.
We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS
Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies, which may make our common stock less attractive to investors. In addition, if we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will no longer be able to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our listing; (2) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenue is $1.07 billion or more; (3) the date on which we have, during the previous rolling three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (4) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC.
We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. For example, if we do not adopt a new or revised accounting standard, our future results of operations may not be comparable to the results of operations of certain other companies in our industry that adopted such standards. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock, and our stock price may be more volatile.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this 10-K. We base our estimates on short duration historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses. Significant estimates and judgments involve: inventory valuation; intangible assets; income taxes; valuation of our common stock and equity awards; revenue recognition, including revenue-related reserves; shipping and handling; and the computation of earnings/loss per share. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.
Our current insurance coverage may not be adequate, and we may not be able to obtain insurance at acceptable rates, or at all.
We currently have General Liability and Product Liability policies covering our business. These policies may not provide sufficient coverage in the face of significant claims or multiple claims. Claims exceeding our insurance coverage could create significant increases in internal costs. This could even have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
We may decide to pursue strategic licensing deals to accelerate our growth. These potential brand acquisitions may not be successful. We may not be able to successfully integrate future IP acquisitions or generate sufficient revenues from future acquisitions, which could cause our business to suffer.
If we license an intellectual property (IP) from a company, there can be no assurance that we will be able to profitably manage this intellectual property or successfully integrate a new business unit without substantial costs, delays or other operational or financial problems. There can be no assurance that the IP we acquire in the future will achieve anticipated revenues and earnings. Additionally:
● the key personnel operating the acquired IP may decide not to work with us;
● we may be unable to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures, and policies among acquired IPs;
● we may be unable to successfully implement infrastructure, logistics and systems integration;
● we may be held liable for legal claims (including environmental claims) arising out of activities of the acquired IP prior to our acquisitions, some of which we may not have discovered during our due diligence, and we may not have indemnification claims available to us or we may not be able to realize on any indemnification claims with respect to those legal claims;
● we will assume risks associated with deficiencies in the internal controls of acquired IPs;
● we may not be able to realize the cost savings or other financial benefits we anticipated; and
● our ongoing business may be disrupted or receive insufficient management attention.
Future acquisitions may require us to obtain additional equity or debt financing, which may not be available on attractive terms. Moreover, to the extent an acquisition transaction financed by non-equity consideration results in additional goodwill, it will reduce our tangible net worth, which might have an adverse effect on our credit and bonding capacity.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The market prices of our common stock has been volatile and can fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for our investors.
The market price of our common stock is highly volatile, and since our initial public offering in August 2022, the market price of our common stock has ranged from $0.37 to $7.00 per share. The market price of our securities could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, which include:
● actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;
● publication of research reports by securities analysts about us or our competitors or our industry;
● the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
● our failure or the failure of our competitors to meet analysts’ projections or guidance that we or our competitors may give to the market;
● additions and departures of key personnel;
● strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy;
● the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;
● speculation in the press or investment community;
● changes in accounting principles;
● terrorist acts, acts of war or periods of widespread civil unrest;
● natural disasters and other calamities; and
● changes in general market and economic conditions.
In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock and Warrants, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, and could also require us to make substantial payments to satisfy judgments or to settle litigation.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We expect to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends on our capital stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, you must rely on the sale of your common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gain on your investment.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to the introduction of technologically more advanced products, seasonality and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, resulting in a decline in our stock price.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly because of several factors, including:
● labor availability and costs for hourly and management personnel;
● changes in interest rates;
● macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and locally;
● changes in consumer preferences and competitive conditions;
● expansion to new markets;
● weather conditions in the regions we operate;
● increases in infrastructure costs; and
● fluctuations in commodity prices.
Unanticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results could result in a decline in our stock price.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
Our executive offices are located at 11900 Biscayne Blvd., Suite 630, North Miami, Florida 33181. Our executive offices are provided to us by Tekcapital. We consider our current office space adequate for our operations.
Prior to February 1, 2022, we were provided with rent-free office space by Tekcapital pursuant to the terms of a management service agreement. Effective February 1, 2022, the management services agreement was amended such that (among other things) the office space provided by Tekcapital is no longer rent-free. Tekcapital now bills us for an allocation of rent paid by Tekcapital on our behalf. Our agreement with Tekcapital does not stipulate a specific end date, and can be terminated with 30 calendar days written notice by any party.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are not currently the subject of any material pending legal proceedings; however, we may from time to time become a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
Our common stock and Warrants trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols “LUCY” and “LUCYW,” respectively since August 15, 2022. Prior to that date, there was no public market for our common stock or Warrants.
Holders
As of December 31, 2023, the approximate number of holders of record of our common stock was 3,780 and the closing price of our common stock was $0.42 per share. As of December 31, 2023, the approximate number of holders of record of our Warrants was 1 and the closing price of our Warrants was $0.05 per Warrant.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
See “Item 11. Executive Compensation.”
Dividend Policy
No cash dividends have been paid on our common stock since our inception. We have no present intention to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
There were no sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended December 31, 2023.
Purchases of Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
On April 12, 2023, an individual cashlessly exercised of 300,000 stock options and received 85,638 shares of common stock.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Reserved.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the accompanying “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except for historical information, the matters discussed in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties and are based upon judgments concerning factors that are beyond our control.
Overview
We develop and sell cutting-edge smart eyeglasses and sunglasses, which are designed to allow our customers to remain connected to their digital lives, while also offering vision correction and protection. Our flagship product, Lucyd Lyte, enables the wearer to listen to music, take and make calls, and use voice assistants and ChatGPT to perform many common smartphone tasks hands-free.
Our mission is to Upgrade Your Eyewear®. Our smart eyewear is a fusion of headphones with glasses, bringing vision correction and protection together with digital connectivity and clear audio, while also offering a solution for listening to music outdoors (as compared to in-ear headphones). The convenience of having a Bluetooth headset and comfortable glasses in one, especially for those who are already accustomed to all-day eyewear use, offers a lifestyle upgrade at a price most consumers can afford.
Since the initial launch of Lucyd Lyte in 2021, we have sold thousands of our smartglasses, and have significantly upgraded and expanded our product offerings - including the launch of Lucyd Lyte 2.0 and Lyte XL smartglasses in 2023, and most recently with the launch of the Nautica® Powered by Lucyd smart eyewear collection in January 2024. We plan to further expand our product offerings through the launch of new cobranded collections with Eddie Bauer and Reebok later in 2024.
All of our products are designed in Miami, manufactured in Asia, and currently sold through two major types of channels:
1. E-commerce - primarily via our website (Lucyd.co) and Amazon.com, as well as through Walmart.com, BestBuy.com, DicksSportingGoods.com, Brookstone.com, and eBay; and,
2. A growing network of retail stores, including independent eyewear stores and national eyewear chains - we currently have approximately 350 retail stores selling our products (across just over 300 unique wholesale accounts), and are continually working to expand our network.
We apply a manufacturer suggested retail price (“MSRP”) of $149 - $199 for non-prescription, polarized sunglass, and blue light blocking glasses across all of our online channels, with our wholesale pricing offering volume discounts to these prices. Please refer to discussion in the Components of Results of Operations for more details regarding our pricing structure.
We view our business model as capital light, as we have elected not to build our own manufacturing facilities and Company-owned retail distribution, but rather contract with existing sources of production and proven consumer-facing retail distribution.
Key Factors Affecting Performance
Expansion of retail points of purchase
In addition to sustained growth of our e-commerce business, our future revenues are correlated positively with our placement of Lucyd glasses in optical stores, as well as sporting goods stores and other specialty stores. To address this, we have assembled a team with decades of experience in the eyewear industry and are offering a strong co-op marketing program and reordering incentives program. We currently offer an expansive line of 29 different styles and several accessories, and are in the process of expanding our product offerings to include cobranded eyewear with well-known brands like Nautica, Eddie Bauer, and Reebok. In total, the Company expects to offer 38 total smart eyewear SKUs across these brands and Lucyd by the end of 2024.
During 2023, we added approximately 136 new wholesale accounts, primarily independent optical stores.
Retail store client retention and re-orders
Our ability to sustain and increase revenue is correlated positively with our ability to receive re-orders from stores, either directly or through our wholesale distributors. To support our sales to retail stores directly, we offer a strong co-op marketing program that includes free and paid store display materials. As part of this strategy, we have launched a new modular display system with engaging video screens and audio testing capabilities for our resellers to help educate their in-store customers about Lucyd Lyte and enable customers to try them on. This proprietary display system is central to our efforts to introduce traditional retail customers to Lucyd eyewear, and we are planning further enhancements to our merchandising displays to enable more immersive experiences. Additionally, we consistently incorporate retail partner feedback directly into our frames to better serve our end users. As of December 31, 2023, 45 display systems have been deployed so far to retailers.
Investing in business growth
We believe that people care about what they wear on their faces, and because we understand that customers have diverse preferences about the shape, size, and design of their eyewear, we aim to continuously invest in the design and development of new models in an effort to provide the consumer with a wide selection of styles, colors, and finishes.
We are offering a strong co-op marketing program with retail stores, and intend to expand our sales, marketing, and brand ambassador teams to broaden our brand awareness and online presence.
Key Performance Indicators
Store Count (B2B)
We believe that one of the key indicators for our business is the number of retail stores onboarded to sell Lucyd Lyte. We started onboarding our first retail stores in June 2021. Currently, we have approximately 350 retail stores selling Lucyd Lyte primarily in the United States and Canada, across just over 300 unique wholesale accounts. Based on the existing demand for our products, current distribution, and recently consummated supply agreements, we anticipate that our products will be available in a significant number of new third-party retail locations in 2024.
Customer Ratings (B2C)
The Lucyd Lyte version 2.0 product is receiving higher ratings online compared to our previous products, indicating that customers are appreciative of improvements in product design, functionality, and build quality. Many of our version 2.0 variants carry a 4.0/5 rating or higher, compared to most products with an approximate 3.5/5 rating from our previous collection. This is a strong signal of positive feedback on our products that indicates our ability to grow and scale with America’s largest online retailer and other platforms.
Number of online orders (B2C)
For our e-commerce business, we track the number of online orders as an indicator of the success of our online marketing efforts. As of December 31, 2023, we had over 20,000 cumulative total orders from customers online since inception, up from a cumulative total of approximately 12,000 as of December 31, 2022. We believe that the addition of new styles, as well as further investment in brand awareness, product ambassadors, and influencer campaigns, will enable continued growth of online orders in the foreseeable future. We expect to allocate a significant portion of our advertising expenditures towards influencer marketing programs.
Components of Results of Operations
Net Revenue
Our revenue is generated from the sales of prescription and non-prescription optical glasses and sunglasses, and shipping charges associated with these purchases, which are charged to the customer. We sell products through our retail store resellers, distributors, on our own website Lucyd.co, and on Amazon.com.
Our newest flagship Lucyd Lyte XL brand frames are priced at $179 on acetate models and $199 on titanium models for non-prescription glasses across all of our online channels.
When adding a prescription lens upgrade to our glasses on the Lucyd.co website, the price can increase from between $40 for a basic clear prescription lens, all the way up to $500 for our proprietary Blueshift Polarized transitional blue light lenses in a progressive format. Glasses with prescription lenses are provided by the Company through our website Lucyd.co, while our sales through Amazon and to our e-commerce partners only include non-prescription glasses (with rare exceptions, such as a reseller ordering a customized unit for display purposes).
U.S. consumers enjoy free USPS first class postage, with faster delivery options available for extra cost, for sales processed through our website. For Amazon sales, shipping is free for U.S consumers while international customers pay shipping charges. Any costs associated with fees charged by the online platforms (Shopify for our Lucyd.co website and Amazon.com) are not recharged to customers. We charge applicable state sales taxes for online channels and all other marketplaces on which sell.
Our wholesale pricing for eyewear sold to retail store partners and distributors includes volume discounts, due to the nature of large quantity orders. The pricing includes shipping charges, while excluding any state sales tax charges applicable. Due to the nature of wholesale retail orders, no e-commerce fees are applicable.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold includes the costs incurred to acquire materials, assemble, and sell our finished products.
For retail sales placed on one of our e-commerce channels, these costs include (i) product costs held at the lesser of cost and net realizable value and inclusive of inventory reserves, (ii) freight, import, and inspection costs, (iii) optical laboratory costs for prescription glasses, (iv) merchant fees, (v) fees paid to third-party e-commerce platforms, and (vi) cost of shipping the product to the consumer.
For wholesale sales these costs include (i) product costs stated at the lesser of cost and net realizable value and inclusive of inventory reserves, (ii) freight, import, and inspection costs, and (iii) credit card fees.
When consumers place their orders directly on our online store, we save approximately 12% - 15% on marketplace fees, compared to when consumers place their orders directly from third-party platforms like Amazon and eBay.
We expect our cost of goods sold to fluctuate as a percentage of net revenue primarily due to product mix, customer preferences and resulting demand, customer shipping costs, and management of our inventory and merchandise mix.
Over time we expect our total cost of goods sold on a per unit basis to decrease as a result of an increase in scale. Increase in scale is achieved as a result of increase in volumes from both business to consumer and business to business (retail store) orders. We continue to expand our products with line extensions and new models and broaden our presence in retail stores carrying our products.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
We define gross profit as net revenues less cost of goods sold. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of net revenues. Our gross margin may fluctuate in the future based on a number of factors, including the cost at which we can obtain, transport, and assemble our inventory, the rate at our vendor network expands, and how effective we can be at controlling costs in any given period.
We anticipate our cost of goods sold, on a per unit basis, will decrease with scale, and this will likely have a positive impact on our gross margins.
Gross margins in 2022 and the first half of 2023 were adversely impacted by supply chain challenges with our previous manufacturer. We received a high number of defective frames in 2022 despite our rigorous inspection procedure, which involves a third-party inspection agency reviewing 100% of new units as they come off the production line, and testing every pair of glasses for sound quality and basic functionality. Despite this, a large number of inaccurately-tested frames made it to our customers, precipitating a large number of replacement units and lenses which negatively impacted margins. To address this problem, we immediately underwent a new manufacturer search program in 2022 which we believe yielded two higher-quality factories, that are now producing all of our glasses to a higher quality standard. These issues were resolved and remediated by the end of the second quarter of 2023, and we do not expect such impacts on our gross margins going forward.
Additionally, in late 2022, the cost of nearly all lenses produced by our supplier increased by approximately 10% from previous levels, which adversely impacted our gross margins in 2023; we do not anticipate similar increases in the cost of lenses in the foreseeable future.
We have numerous products at different price points which impact the gross margins on each pair sold. Although price points of Lucyd-branded frames have been reduced from their peak at the launch of the Lyte 2.0 in February 2023, while also costing slightly more to manufacture, the Company has reduced the size of discounts available, and has needed to send fewer warranty replacements due to improvements in product durability and comfort. Therefore, we do not believe the increase in cost of goods sold has a material effect on our gross margins year over year.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist primarily of:
● general & administrative expenses that include primarily consulting and payroll expenses, IT & software, legal, and other administrative expenses;
● sales and marketing expenses including cost of online and TV advertising, marketing agency fees, influencers, trade shows, and other initiatives;
● related party management fees for a range of back-office services provided by Tekcapital LLC; and
● research and development expenses related to (i) development of new styles and features of our smart eyewear, (ii) development and improvement of our e-commerce website, and (iii) development of our Vyrb social media app for wearables.
Interest and Other Income, Net
Interest and other income, net, primarily includes interest, dividends, and investment returns from our investments in money market funds and U.S. Treasury bills, and interest expense paid on convertible note loan due to Tekcapital (which was repaid in full in February 2023).
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes consists of income taxes related to foreign and domestic federal and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business, adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, and valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2023 (“current year”) and December 31, 2022 (“prior year”)
Year ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
Change
between the
year ended
December 31,
2023 and 2022
Revenues, net
$ 1,152,479
%
$ 659,788
%
$ 492,691
%
Less: Cost of Goods Sold
(1,271,808 )
%
(716,077 )
%
(555,731 )
%
Gross Deficit
(119,329 )
%
(56,289 )
%
(63,040 )
%
Operating Expenses:
General and administrative
(3,886,960 )
%
(2,796,669 )
%
(1,090,291 )
%
Sales and marketing
(2,047,069 )
%
(2,059,012 )
%
11,943
%
Research & development
(662,184 )
%
(524,692 )
%
(137,492 )
%
Related party management fee
(140,000 )
%
(140,000 )
%
-
%
Total Operating Expenses
(6,736,213 )
%
(5,520,373 )
%
(1,215,839 )
%
Other Income (Expense)
195,150
%
-
195,150
n/m
 Interest Expense
(3,036 )
%
(105,171 )
%
102,135
%
Total Other Income (Expense), net
192,114
%
(105,171 )
%
297,285
%
Net Loss
$ (6,663,428 )
%
$ (5,681,833 )
%
$ (981,595 )
%
Revenue
Our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $1,167,479, representing an increase of approximately 77% as compared to revenues of $659,788 during the year ended December 31, 2022.
The increase in revenue was primarily attributable to the combination of higher unit volumes, favorable channel mix as described more fully below, and a larger number of styles available in 2023. These positive factors were partially offset by significant discounts offered during the current year in order to help drive unit sales and grow our market share. Key competing products dropped their prices to or below the price point of Lucyd frames during temporary and extended discount sales; to help respond to the ramp-up in the competition’s discounts, we introduced several promotions in 2023 to support our continued market share growth. The imminent diversification of our products with the new cobranded Powered by Lucyd lines (including Nautica, which launched in January 2024, and Eddie Bauer and Reebok, which are expected to launch later in 2024) is expected to reduce the need for discounting to support customer acquisition in the future, due to the global renown of our partner brands.
Overall, we believe that the significant increase in revenues in the current year is reflective of the high quality and cutting-edge technology of our Lucyd Lyte 2.0 and Lyte XL smartglasses, and our investment in marketing to grow our brand and our company.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, approximately 47% of sales were processed on our online store (Lucyd.co), 33% on Amazon.com, and 20% with reseller partners. This product mix represents the fact that the e-commerce channels have grown more rapidly than our wholesale business. This sales channel mix positively impacted our revenue for the current year as compared with the prior year, due to the fact we charge additional $35 to $275 for our prescription lenses available only on Lucyd.co. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we generated $978,405 of revenue from sales of non-prescription frames and accessories, and $189,074 from sales of frames with prescription lenses. All of the $384,293 in sales generated on Amazon.com during the current year were for non-prescription frames and accessories, as we only offer prescription lenses through our website and our optical store partners. Of the $554,060 in online sales generated through Lucyd.co, $189,074 was related to frames with prescription lenses and $364,986 was related to glasses with non-prescription lenses. E-commerce sales are the most material portion of our sales to date since inception.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 32% of sales were processed on our online store (Lucyd.co), 38% on Amazon.com, and 30% with reseller partners. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we generated $579,214 of revenue from sales of non-prescription frames and accessories and $80,574 was generated from sales of frames with prescription lenses. All of the $252,799 in sales generated on Amazon.com during the prior year were for non-prescription frames and accessories, as we only offer prescription lenses through our website. Of the $208,447 in online sales generated through Lucyd.co, $80,574 related to frames with prescription lenses and $127,873 of glasses sold were with non-prescription lenses. E-commerce sales are the most material portion of our sales to date since inception.
Over time, we expect that the online portion of our sales will gradually decrease on a percentage basis but remain an important component of our total sales as we onboard more retail stores. We currently have a retail store presence in approximately 350 stores, up from over 250 stores as of December 31, 2022. We anticipate that a partnership with a major eyeglass distributor will substantially increase our wholesale sales.
Cost of goods sold
Our total cost of goods sold increased to $1,240,171 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $716,077 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by higher volumes of products sold during the current year.
This increase was primarily driven by increased cost of lenses and frames largely as a result of higher volumes of products sold in the current year. The increase in the cost of lenses was also driven by (i) a 10% increase in the production cost of lenses sourced through supplier in late 2022, and (ii) the introduction of our new proprietary Blueshift premium lenses in August 2023, which are more expensive than other lenses to produce. Cost of goods sold was also impacted by sales channel mix, as a higher relative proportion of our sales in the current year were through our online store (Lucyd.co), and the cost of prescription lenses attributable to this channel increased our cost of goods sold while not impacting cost of goods sold for sales realized through Amazon or retail store partners. Also contributing to the increase in cost of goods sold in the current year were replacement products provided to customers free of charge (which could be due to warranty, improperly cut prescription lenses, or improperly fitting frames), and about 500 product samples distributed as promotional and content generation pieces to influencers, investors, online and traditional media, and other press outlets for the purpose of gaining various forms of brand awareness, investor interest, and site traffic.
We believe our product margins are competitive relative to other smartglasses. This provides ample margins to support the higher cost of customer acquisition for an emerging product category. Our relationship with a new supplier with lower cost of goods than our main supplier has enabled us to plan to launch the Reebok and Smart Safety lines at even more competitive prices than our current offering.
Smart eyewear is a highly specialized product that has the combined specifications and component requirements of a wireless Bluetooth headset and optical eyewear in one, meaning it is expensive to manufacture in small quantities of a few thousand at a time. As demand and awareness for smart eyewear continues to grow, the Company expects that its per unit cost will decrease as its order volumes increase and we realize economies of scale.
Key components of cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2023 included, but were not limited to, the cost of frames of $756,795, which was made much larger due to the high number of warranty replacements for product flaws which have since been eliminated. Cost of prescription lenses incurred with our third-party vendor of $271,229, affiliate referral fees, sales commission expense, and e-commerce platform fees of $190,326, and quality assurance costs related to our products sold of $13,100. Out of our total cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2023, $271,229 related to orders with prescription lenses, while $969,064 pertained to non-prescription orders.
Key components of cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2022 included, but were not limited to, the cost of frames of $478,020, cost of prescription lenses incurred with our third-party vendor of $104,217, affiliate referral fees, sales commission expense, and e-commerce platform fees of $128,340, and quality assurance costs related to our products sold of $5,500. Out of our total cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2022, $113,024 related to orders with prescription lenses, while $639,294 pertained to non-prescription orders.
Over time, we expect third-party retail stores to become our primary sales channel as we onboard additional stores. Consequently, we expect sales of prescription lens, offered through our website to decrease, as our third-party retail partners outfit our Lyte frames with more prescriptions. As a result, over time we expect prescription lens costs to gradually decrease as a percentage of our overall cost of goods sold.
We anticipate growth in both wholesale and e-commerce channel sales in 2024. We also expect corresponding growth in total cost of goods sold, primarily from additional product related costs. As we continue to refine our SKU mix with sales data, we anticipate reducing our unit costs by reducing the variety of SKUs produced per product line compared to the past, to focus only on the highest volume styles. Additionally, we have been informed by key suppliers that significant price reductions over 10% are possible as we continue to scale our production quantities.
Gross profit (deficit)
Our gross profit was negative $72,692 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to negative $56,289 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by the factors outlined above.
We expect gross profit for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, to improve, primarily due to economies of scale from large, anticipated orders. As we expect retail stores to eventually become our primary sales channel as we onboard new stores, we also expect our overall gross margin to improve, since no e-commerce platform fees or prescription lens costs apply in wholesale channels.
Operating expenses
Our operating expenses increased by 22% to $6,736,213 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $5,520,373 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to the following:
General and administrative expenses
Our general and administrative expenses increased by 39% to $3,886,960 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $2,796,669 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) an increase of approximately $560,000 in employee-related costs, resulting from increases in our staffing and new employment agreements entered into with executives, (ii) increased costs associated with being a publicly-traded company, including directors’ remuneration, insurance expense, public and investor relations, and filing fees, which altogether resulted in an increase in expense of approximately $430,000, (iii) higher license costs, which increased approximately $146,000, and (iv) and increase in depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $53,000. These increased expenses were partially offset by recoveries of bad debts, and lower costs related to consultants and other outside service providers.
Sales and marketing expenses
Our sales and marketing expenses were essentially flat year-over-year at $2,047,069 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared with $2,059,012 in the prior year.
During the first quarter of the current year, we temporarily paused and postponed our marketing spending while we restructured our e-commerce business, and management made a tactical decision to preserve a significant portion of our marketing budget for later in the year, in order to better align the timing of marketing spending with major new product launches and thus maximize impact. Our overall actual spending on advertising and promotions in 2023 increased significantly over prior year, particularly in the areas of spending on paid ads on websites and social media platforms, as well as spending on influencers, but was largely offset by the reversal of approximately $309,000 of previously-recognized stock-based compensation for certain individuals within the Company’s sales and marketing function whose awards expired during the current year without ever having vested, as the related performance conditions (sales quotas) for those awards were not met.
We anticipate our marketing costs to increase in 2024 as we continue to invest in and build our brand, expand the number of e-commerce platforms on which we sell our products, invest in retail store co-op marketing programs and displays to help educate in-store customers about our products, and increase our brand’s physical presence and role in the eyewear industry.
Related party management fee
Our related party management fee was $140,000 for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, based on the terms of the management services agreement between us and Tekcapital.
Research and development costs
Our research and development costs increased by 26% to $662,184 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared with $524,692 the year ended December 31, 2022.
This increase was primarily attributable to a large number of new temple and frontplate molds as we expand our core offering, an expansion of the Company’s software initiatives to include the Lucyd app, and therefore increased the portion of the work hours spent by the CEO and CTO (as well as a portion of their stock-based compensation expense) on new software development on the Vyrb app, the new Lucyd app, and our glasses, as well as the hiring of an additional full-time software engineer to support our CTO. Some planned features for our Lucyd app include the ability to access AI other than ChatGPT, the addition of an audio content library for users to enjoy, and further enhancements to the core AI functionality. In terms of the Vyrb app, we are planning launching a full peer-to-peer content marketplace in the style of Patreon, but with a focus on audio and content designed on and for wearables.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow Data:
Year ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
Net cash flows from operating activities
$ (5,766,303 )
$ (3,224,418 )
Net cash flows from investing activities
(198,753 )
(219,951 )
Net cash flows from financing activities
6,661,394
6,955,751
Net Change in Cash
$ 696,338
$ 3,511,382
Operating Activities
Net cash flows used in operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are primarily reflective of our net losses, resulting from our operating costs to support and grow our business, including employee-related costs, sales and marketing, research and development, and various costs associated with being a publicly-traded company. Additionally, our operating asset levels grew significantly during 2023 as we have procured additional inventory to position us for future anticipated sales growth.
Investing Activities
During the current year, the Company used low-risk bonds and similar investment instruments for the purpose of earning interest on its cash balance. The Company also continued to invest in its growing intellectual property portfolio, making expenditures to file for various new patents.
Financing Activities
Net cash flows provided by financing activities for year ended December 31, 2023 are mainly driven by the various capital-raising activities undertaken during the current year, including our second public offering completed in June 2023 and exercises of warrants by stockholders earlier in the year, partially offset by repayment of advances and convertible debt to related parties.
Net cash flows provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 are mainly driven by our initial public offering completed in August 2022, and, to a lesser extent, by net proceeds from related party borrowings through convertible debt.
Initial Public Offering
On August 17, 2022, the Company closed on its initial public offering of 980,000 units, consisting of 980,000 shares of its common stock and 1,960,000 warrants to purchase 1,960,000 shares of common stock, at a combined offering price of $7.50 per unit in exchange for gross proceeds of approximately $7.35 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. Each share of common stock was sold together with two warrants, each warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share. In addition, the Company granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 147,000 shares of common stock and/or warrants to purchase up to an additional 294,000 shares of common stock to cover over-allotments, of which the underwriter exercised its option to purchase additional warrants to purchase 294,000 shares of common stock.
The net proceeds received by the Company from this offering amounted to $6,189,734. We used the proceeds from this offering primarily on (i) sales and marketing, (ii) expanding our inventory, (iii) updating and developing our in-store displays, (iv) developing new smart eyewear styles and sizes, as well as further development and commercialization of the Vyrb app, and (v) working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Second Public Offering
On June 26, 2023, the Company closed on a public offering of 4,500,000 units consisting of 4,500,000 shares of its common stock and 4,500,000 warrants to purchase 4,500,000 shares of common stock (the “Common Warrants”) at a combined offering price of $1.05 per unit in exchange for gross proceeds of approximately $4.73 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. Each share of common stock was sold together with one warrant. Each Common Warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.05 per share, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the warrant agreement. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the placement agency agreement for the offering, the Company issued to the placement agent certain other warrants to purchase up to 180,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.31 per share.
The net proceeds received by the Company from this offering amounted to $4,115,688. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering primarily for working capital and general purposes.
New Convertible Loan Note
Effective March 1, 2024, the Company issued a convertible note to Lucyd Ltd., the largest stockholder of the Company, for up to $1,250,000 that bears interest at 10% per annum, which includes the option to convert the debt into the Company’s common stock at market price. The note can be converted into shares of common stock of the Company upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined in the note, or for any reason at the sole discretion of Lucyd Ltd. The note has a maturity date of September 1, 2025, at which time all outstanding principal and accrued interest is payable in full. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have not borrowed any amounts under this convertible note.
Other Factors
We expect that operating losses could continue in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in the expansion and development of our business. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents (including the proceeds from the aforementioned second public offering and proceeds received from investors’ exercises of warrants), plus planned capital-raising activities will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.
However, our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, growth in the number of retail store customers, the needs of our e-commerce business and retail distribution network, expansion of our product and software offerings, and the timing of investments in technology and personnel to support the overall growth of our business. To the extent that current and anticipated future sources of liquidity are insufficient to fund our future business activities and requirements, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of debt financing would result in debt service obligations and the instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. There can be no assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to negotiate terms acceptable to us or at all. Current geopolitical and macroeconomic factors have caused disruption in the global financial markets, which could reduce our ability to access capital and negatively affect our liquidity in the future. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required, or if we cannot expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities because we lack sufficient capital, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows would be adversely affected.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2023, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Developments and Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods, as well as related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and any such differences may be material. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.
We believe that our application of accounting policies, and the estimates inherently required therein, are reasonable. We periodically re-evaluate these accounting policies and estimates and make adjustments when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.
Inventory
Our inventory includes purchased eyewear and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a specific identification method of inventory costing which attaches the actual cost to an identifiable unit of product. Provisions for excess, obsolete, or slow-moving inventory are recorded after periodic evaluation of historical sales, current economic trends, forecasted sales, estimated product life cycles, and estimated inventory levels. No provisions were determined as needed as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded an inventory prepayment in the amount of $323,520 and $197,750, respectively, related to down payment on eyewear purchased from the manufacturer, prior to shipment of the product that occurred after the respective balance sheet dates.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets relate to:
● Internally-developed and licensed utility and design patents. We amortize these assets over the estimated useful life of the patents.
● Capitalized software costs incurred due to development of the Vyrb app. We amortize these assets over the estimated useful life of the software application.
We review our intangible assets for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable.
Income Taxes
We are taxed as a C corporation. We comply with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASC 740 for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements, which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. FASB ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, and disclosure. Based on our evaluation, we have concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in our financial statements. We believe that our income tax positions would be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to the Company’s financial position.
We have incurred taxable losses since inception but are current in our tax filing obligations. We are not presently subject to any income tax audit in any taxing jurisdiction.
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation to employees and directors in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, which requires that compensation expense be recognized in the financial statements for stock-based awards based on the grant date fair value.
For stock option awards, the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of share-based awards. The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model incorporates various and highly subjective assumptions, including expected term and share price volatility.
● The expected term of the stock options was estimated based on the simplified method as allowed by Staff Accounting Bulletin 107 (SAB 107).
● The share price volatility at the grant date is estimated using historical stock prices based upon the expected term of the options granted, using stock prices of comparably profiled public companies.
● The risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued.
● For options granted after our initial public offering on August 17, 2022, the fair value of common stock used in the option pricing model is based on the quoted market price of our common shares on the NASDAQ stock exchange.
● For options granted prior to our initial public offering, the fair value of common stock used in the option pricing model was determined using the most recent price paid by independent investors through a Regulation Crowdfunding (“CF”) securities offering undertaken by the Company.
For restricted stock units, the fair value of the share-based award is based on the quoted market price of our common shares on the NASDAQ stock exchange.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue is generated from the sales of prescription and non-prescription optical glasses, sunglasses, and shipping charges, which are charged to the customer, associated with these purchases. We sell products through our retail store resellers, distributors, on our own website Lucyd.co, and on Amazon.com.
To determine revenue recognition, we perform the following steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. At contract inception, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations, and also assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. In instances where the collectibility of contractual consideration is not probable at the time of sale, the revenue is deferred on our balance sheet as a contract liability, and the associated cost of goods sold is deferred on our balance sheet as a contract asset; subsequently, we recognize such revenue and cost of goods sold as payments are received. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized $17,500 of revenue that was included in the contract liability balance as of January 1, 2023.
All revenue, including sales processed online and through our retail store resellers and distributors, is reported net of sales taxes collected from customers on behalf of taxing authorities, returns, and discounts.
For sales generated through our e-commerce channels, we identify the contract with a customer upon online purchase of our eyewear and transaction price at the manufacturer suggested retail price (“MSRP”) for non-prescription, polarized sunglass and blue light blocking glasses across all of our online channels. Our e-commerce revenue is recognized upon meeting of the performance obligation when the eyewear is shipped to end customers. Only U.S. consumers enjoy free USPS first class postage, with faster delivery options available for extra cost, for sales processed through our website and on Amazon. For Amazon sales, shipping is free for U.S consumers while international customers pay shipping charges on top of MSRP. Any costs associated with fees charged by the online platforms (Shopify for Lucyd.co website and Amazon) are not recharged to customers and are recorded as a component of cost of goods sold as incurred. The Company charges applicable state sales taxes in addition to the MSRP for both online channels and all other marketplaces on which the company sells products.
For sales to our retail store partners, we identify the contract with a customer upon receipt of an order of our eyewear through our Shopify wholesale portal or direct purchase order. Our revenue is recognized upon meeting the performance obligation, which is delivery of the Company’s eyewear products to the retail store and is also recorded net of returns and discounts. Our wholesale pricing for eyewear sold to the retail store partners includes volume discounts, due to the nature of large quantity orders. The pricing includes shipping charges, while excluding any state sales tax charges applicable. Due to the nature of wholesale retail orders, no e-commerce fees are applicable.
For sales to distributors, we identify the contract with a customer upon receipt of an order of our eyewear through a direct purchase order. If collectability of substantially all of the contract consideration is probable, our revenue is recognized upon meeting the performance obligation, which is delivery of our eyewear products to the distributor, and is also recorded net of returns and discounts. Our wholesale pricing for eyewear sold to distributors includes volume discounts, due to the nature of large quantity orders. The pricing includes shipping charges, while excluding any state sales tax charges applicable. Due to the nature of wholesale distributor orders, no e-commerce fees are applicable.
Our sales do not contain any variable consideration.
We allow our customers to return our products, subject to our refund policy, which allows any customer to return our products for any reason within the first:
● 7 days for sales made through our website (Lucyd.co)
● 30 days for sales made through Amazon
● 30 days for sales to most wholesale retailers and distributors (although certain sales to independent distributors are ineligible for returns)
For all of our sales, at the time of sale, we establish a reserve for returns, based on historical experience and expected future returns, which is recorded as a reduction of sales. Additionally, we review all individual returns received in the month following the balance sheet date pertaining to orders processed prior to the balance sheet date in order to determine whether an allowance for sales returns is necessary. We recorded an allowance for sales returns of $25,933 and $24,897 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Shipping and Handling
Costs incurred for shipping and handling are included in cost of revenue at the time the related revenue is recognized. Amounts billed to a customer for shipping and handling are reported as revenues.
Earnings/loss per share
We present earnings and loss per share data by calculating the quotient of earnings/(loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period as required by ASC 260-10-50. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all shares underlying the related party convertible debt and common stock options were excluded from the earnings per share calculation, due to their anti-dilutive effect.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not required for smaller reporting companies.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
See accompanying “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of fiscal year 2023.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide full assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria for effective internal control set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2023.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to a permanent exemption of the Commission that permits the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, our management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has not been audited by our auditors, Cherry Bekaert LLP.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our board of directors, our executive officers, and some of our key employees.
Name
Age
Position
Harrison R. Gross
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Konrad Dabrowski
Chief Financial Officer
David Eric Cohen
Chief Technology Officer
Kristen Mclaughlin
Director
Louis Castro
Director
Olivia C. Bartlett
Director
Harrison Gross is one of the founders of Innovative Eyewear and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a director since August 2019, where he guides the company’s product and brand development. Prior to his employment at Innovative Eyewear, from August 2017 to August 2019, Mr. Gross served in various positions, including chief executive officer and media & UX lead, of Lucyd Ltd., our largest stockholder and the licensor of our technology which is also a smart eyewear development company where he developed the Lucyd brand identity and oversaw general operations and product development. Additionally, from November 2015 to August 2021, Mr. Gross served as the Digital Media Manager of Tekcapital PLC (“Tekcapital”) (LON: TEK), a university intellectual property investment firm that is the parent company of Tekcapital Europe Limited, and Lucyd Ltd, the holding company for Tekcapital’s shares in Innovative Eyewear, where he created, developed and marketed for the company’s licensed properties. Prior to that, from October 2013 to September 2014, Mr. Gross worked as a credit analyst for a Verizon, Inc. contractor, where he managed credit systems and provided support to Verizon agents. Mr. Gross is a graduate of Columbia University with a BA in Writing and received a BA in Jewish Studies from the Jewish Theological Seminary. Mr. Gross is well qualified to serve as a director due to his substantial knowledge of our product and his experience in marketing, product and app development.
Konrad Dabrowski has served as our Chief Financial Officer on a part-time basis since August 2019. Between June 2017 and July 2020, Mr. Dabrowski has served as the group controller, and starting on July 2020 the chief financial officer of Tekcapital PLC (“Tekcapital”), where he co-manages the group’s investment strategy and oversees financial reporting for all of its portfolio companies. Prior to his employment at Tekcapital, from March 2016 to June 2017, Mr. Dabrowski was a Global Accounting Manager for Restaurant Brands International (NYSE:QSR), a multinational fast food holding company, where he oversaw accounting and tax projects for Burger King within the Europe Middle East and Africa (EMEA) market. Prior to his employment at Restaurant Brands International, Mr. Dabrowski was an Audit Manager at Deloitte, where he managed end-to-end accounting audits for a portfolio of public and private corporate clients. Mr. Dabrowski has a Master’s in Finance and Banking from the Warsaw School of Economics and is a Certified Public Accountant.
David Eric Cohen is one of the founders of Innovative Eyewear and has served as our Chief Technology Officer since September 2019. Prior to his employment at Innovative Eyewear, from August 2017 to August 2019, Mr. Cohen served as the chief technology officer of Lucyd Ltd., a smart eyewear development company, where he led the company’s technological advancements and digital ad campaigns. Also, prior to his employment at Innovative Eyewear, from September 2009 to October 2019, Mr. Cohen served as President of Emaze Design Agency, a digital design agency, where he led the development of web and applications for e-commerce, web performance monitoring, website design and mobile applications. Prior to his employment at Emaze Design Agency, Mr. Cohen was lead Business Intelligence Specialist at Jewish General Hospital where he assisted with the data solutions and business processes and requirements. He received a BS in Computer Science from the Academy of Bordeaux and an MS in Advanced Technician & Information Systems Management from Hadassah University.
Kristen Mclaughlin has served as one of our directors since August 2021. Ms. Mclaughlin has 25 years’ experience launching, managing and developing products in the eyewear, accessories, cosmetics and skincare industries. Kristen is currently the Director of Marketing at Tura, Inc., a leading eyewear design and distribution company based in New York City, a position she has held since October 2021. From March 2019 to April 2020, Ms. Mclaughlin served as the Global Marketing Director at DePasquale Companies, a skincare, hair care and cosmetics manufacturer, where she led the global marketing strategy and new product development. Prior to her employment at DePasquale Companies, from March 2000 to January 2019, Ms. Mclaughlin was employed at Silhouette International, an eyewear manufacturer, where she served as the Director of Marketing: Eyewear Manufacturer, Regional Sales Manager, and Brand Manager: Daniel Swarovski Crystal Eyewear. While at Silhouette International, Ms. Mclaughlin led the company’s brand portfolio in the U.S. and its brand direction, product development and campaign content. She has a BS and MBA from Ramapo College of New Jersey. Ms. Mclaughlin is well qualified to serve as a director due to her substantial experience in the eyewear industry and her experience in brand and product development.
Louis Castro has served as one of our directors since August 2021. Mr. Castro is an experienced public company director and chartered accountant. Mr. Castro is currently on the board of directors of the following public companies: (1) Tekcapital, where he has been a director since December 2019, (2) Orosur Mining Inc. (TSX-V & AIM:OMI), a company exploring for minerals in South America, where he has been chairman of the board since April 2020, (3) Tomco Energy plc (LON:TOM), an oil exploration and technology company, where he has been a director since April 2021, and (4) Veteran Capital Corp. (TSX-V:VCC), a capital pool company, where he has been a director since January 2021. From September 2012 to June 2016, Mr. Castro was a director and, from September 2014 to June 2016 served as the Chief Financial Officer, of Eland Oil & Gas plc, a Nigerian focused upstream oil and natural gas exploration and production company, where he was responsible for the company’s finance, legal and corporate finance activities. Prior to his employment at Eland, from May 2011 to May 2014, Mr. Castro served as Head of Capital Markets and then as Chief Executive Officer of Northland Capital Partners, an investment bank, where he was responsible for the investment banks day-to-day activities. He is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England & Wales, has a double degree in Engineering Production and Economics from Birmingham University and attended the Postgraduate Advanced Course in Production Management and Methods at Cambridge University. Mr. Castro is well qualified to serve as a director due to his substantial experience as a director of public companies and his distinction as chartered accountant.
Olivia C. Bartlett has served as one of our directors since August 2021. Ms. Bartlett has been in the eyewear industry for over 40 years holding various roles including optician, optical manager, marketing manager, and operations management. She is currently an optical industry consultant. Ms. Bartlett served as Chief Operation Officer of Todd Rogers Eyewear, a specialty eyewear company, from 2015 to 2021, where she managed the day-to-day operations of the company. Prior to her time at Todd Rogers Eyewear, Ms. Bartlett was the sales representative for eyewear sales in the northeast of Massachusetts for Safilo USA and REM Eyewear, both specialty eyewear companies. Additionally, Ms. Bartlett is an Adjunct Professor at Franklin Cummings Institute of Technology in Boston, Massachusetts. She is a past President (2020 - 2022) of the Opticians Association of America, a national organization representing the professional, business, educational, legislative, and regulatory interests of opticianry, where she held a board position for 12 years. Prior to that, Ms. Bartlett was President of the Opticians Association of Massachusetts, where she currently holds the position of Treasurer. Ms. Bartlett has received a number of awards through her time in the industry, including but not limited to, the 2020 Eyecare Business Game Changer Award, and the 2020 and 2018 Vision Monday Most Influential Woman Executive. Ms. Bartlett received her Massachusetts Opticians license in 1987 and is ABO certified and is an ABO certified speaker. Ms. Bartlett received her BA in Political Science from Clark University. Ms. Bartlett is well qualified to serve as a director due to her substantial experience in the optical industry.
Number and Terms of Office of Officers and Directors
Our board of directors consists of four members. Our directors are appointed for one-year terms to hold office until the next annual general meeting of our stockholders or until removed from office in accordance with our second amended and restated bylaws.
Our officers are appointed by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, rather than for specific terms of office. Our board of directors is authorized to appoint persons to the offices set forth in our second amended and restated bylaws, as it deems appropriate.
Director Independence and Committees of the Board of Directors
Director Independence
Of our directors, we have determined that Mr. Louis Castro, Ms. Kristen Mclaughlin, and Ms. Olivia Bartlett are “independent” directors under NASDAQ listing standards, while Mr. Harrison Gross is not independent under such standards. We have also determined that each of the three members of the Audit Committee is “independent” for purposes of Section 10A(m)(3) of the Exchange Act and the rules promulgated thereunder and under the NASDAQ listing standards. Further, the Board has determined that each of the two members of both the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is “independent” under NASDAQ listing standards.
Board Committees
We have three standing committees of the Board: Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of the board committees act pursuant to a separate written charter adopted by our board of directors, each of which is available on our website at www.lucyd.co. Our board of directors may at any time or from time to time appoint certain other committees in its sole discretion as it deems necessary or appropriate to carry out its functions.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee consists of Mr. Louis Castro (Chair), Ms. Kristen Mclaughlin, and Ms. Olivia Bartlett. The Board has determined that all of the members of the Audit Committee are “independent,” as defined by NASDAQ listing standards and by applicable SEC rules. In addition, the Board has determined that Mr. Castro is an audit committee financial expert, as that term is defined by the SEC rules, by virtue of having the following attributes through relevant experience: (i) an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements; (ii) the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals, and reserves; (iii) experience preparing, auditing, analyzing, or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company’s financial statements, or experience actively supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities; (iv) an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting; and (v) an understanding of audit committee functions.
The function of the Audit Committee relates to oversight of the auditors, the auditing, accounting, and financial reporting processes, and the review of the Company’s financial reports and information. In addition, the functions of the Audit Committee will include, among other things, recommending to the Board the engagement or discharge of independent auditors, discussing with the auditors their review of the Company’s quarterly results and the results of their audit, and reviewing the Company’s internal accounting controls.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee consists of Ms. Kristen Mclaughlin (Chair) and Mr. Louis Castro. The Board has determined that all of the members of the Compensation Committee are “independent,” as defined by NASDAQ listing standards. The responsibility of the Compensation Committee is to review and approve the compensation and other terms of employment of our President and Chief Executive Officer and our other executive officers, including all of the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table under the heading “Executive Compensation” below (the “named executive officers”). Among its other duties, the Compensation Committee oversees all significant aspects of the Company’s compensation plans and benefit programs. The Compensation Committee annually reviews and approves corporate goals and objectives for the President and Chief Executive Officer’s compensation and evaluates the Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of those goals and objectives. The Compensation Committee also recommends to the Board the compensation and benefits for members of the Board. The Compensation Committee has also been appointed by the Board to administer our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee does not delegate any of its authority to other persons.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Ms. Olivia Bartlett (Chair) and Ms. Kristen Mclaughlin. All of the committee members are independent under applicable NASDAQ rules and regulations. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, considering potential board members, making recommendations to the full board as to nominees for election to the board, assessing the effectiveness of the board, and implementing our corporate governance guidelines.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of our common stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock. Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.
Based solely upon a review of copies of Section 16(a) reports and representations received by us from reporting persons, and without conducting any independent investigation of our own, in fiscal year 2023, all Forms 3, 4 and 5 were timely filed with the SEC by such reporting persons.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a formal code of ethics that applies to our directors and principal executives and financial officers or persons performing similar functions. A copy of our Code of Ethical Conduct can be found on our website under “Investors” at www.lucyd.co.
Nasdaq Board Diversity Matrix
Board Diversity Matrix as of December 31, 2023
Total Number of Directors
Female
Male
Non-Binary
Did Not Disclose Gender
Part I: Gender Identity
Directors
Part II: Demographic Background
African American or Black
Alaskan Native or Native American
Asian
Hispanic or Latinx
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
White
Two or More Races or Ethnicities
LGBTQ+
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The following table sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to our named executive officers for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Individuals we refer to as our “named executive officers” include our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and our Chief Technology Officer.
Summary Compensation Table
Name and Principal Position
Year
Salary(1)
($)
Bonus
($)
Stock Awards
($)
Option
Awards(2)(3)
($)
Nonequity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
All Other
Compensation(4)
($)
Total
($)
Harrison Gross,
154,102
-
-
129,800
-
-
5,545
289,447
Chief Executive Officer
114,758
-
-
-
-
-
-
114,758
Konrad Dabrowski,
105,347
-
-
121,357
-
-
226,799
Chief Financial Officer
105,500
-
-
-
-
-
-
105,500
David Eric Cohen,
143,297
-
-
78,090
-
-
4,241
225,628
Chief Technology Officer
70,270
-
-
-
-
-
-
70,270
(1) Salary amounts shown for Mr. Cohen include $34,500 paid in 2022, respectively, to Mr. Cohen as an independent consultant, prior to his hire as an employee on October 1, 2022.
(2) Includes stock options granted to Messrs. Gross, Dabrowski, and Cohen on January 13, 2023 to purchase 90,000, 90,000, and 60,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, at an exercise price of $1.275 per share.
(3) Includes stock options granted to Messrs. Gross, Dabrowski, and Cohen on December 18, 2023 to purchase 150,000, 120,000, and 70,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, at an exercise price of $0.45 per share.
(4) Includes the Company-paid portion of health and welfare benefits.
Refer to Note 2 and Note 9 of the Company’s audited financial statements as included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for disclosure of the various assumptions made in the valuation of stock options.
Employment Arrangements with our Executive Officers
Harrison Gross
On August 11, 2021, we entered into an employment agreement with Harrison Gross to serve in the capacity of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. We agreed to pay Mr. Gross an annual base salary of $85,800 for the remainder of 2021, and we also agreed that from the initial public offering date in August 2022, we increased his base salary to $150,000 per year. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, our Board may exercise its sole discretion to grant Mr. Gross an annual bonus, the amount of which bonus shall be determined in the sole discretion of our Board.
The employment agreement has an initial term of three years, and will terminate on the third anniversary of the effective date unless Mr. Gross and the Company agree otherwise in writing. If we terminate the employment agreement for any reason other than for cause (as such is defined in the agreement) or Mr. Gross terminates his employment for good reason (as such is defined in the agreement): (1) Mr. Gross shall be entitled to payment of his base salary for the balance of the agreement’s term; (2) if Mr. Gross elects to continue group health insurance benefits, we shall reimburse Mr. Gross for any COBRA premiums he pays for the duration of COBRA’s coverage; and, (3) we shall provide Mr. Gross with payment of all accrued amounts (as defined in the agreement).
Konrad Dabrowski
On August 11, 2021, we entered into an employment agreement with Konrad Dabrowski to serve as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company on a part-time basis, which agreement became effective on September 1, 2021. Mr. Dabrowski devotes 50% of his business time to our Company. We agreed to pay Mr. Dabrowski an annual base salary of $100,000. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, we may exercise our discretion to grant Mr. Dabrowski an annual bonus, the amount of which bonus shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Company.
Following the effective date, the employment agreement shall continue, unless terminated by Mr. Dabrowski or the Company. Mr. Dabrowski’s employment is at-will, which may be terminated by the Company or by Mr. Dabrowski at any time and for any reason. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, a sixty days’ written notice of termination or resignation is required. If Mr. Dabrowski notifies us of his resignation, or if we terminate Mr. Dabrowski’s employment agreement, the Company reserves the right to determine, in its sole discretion, whether Mr. Dabrowski will be required to actively work during the sixty-day notice period; however, Mr. Dabrowski will be entitled to receive his base salary for the duration of the sixty day notice period. The Company has the right to terminate Mr. Dabrowski’s employment agreement for cause (as defined in the agreement), which termination shall be effective immediately.
David Eric Cohen
David Cohen was an independent consultant for the company from inception until October 1, 2022, when we offered him a full-time letter of employment. He accepted and has been the full-time Chief Technology since then. The company pays him $140,000 annually to serve in this role. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, we may exercise our discretion to grant Mr. Cohen an annual bonus, the amount of which bonus shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Company.
Following the effective date, the employment agreement shall continue, unless terminated by Mr. Cohen or the Company. Mr. Cohen’s employment is at-will, which may be terminated by the Company or by Mr. Cohen at any time and for any reason. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, a sixty days’ written notice of termination or resignation is required. If Mr. Cohen notifies us of his resignation, or if we terminate Mr. Cohen’s employment agreement, the Company reserves the right to determine, in its sole discretion, whether Mr. Cohen will be required to actively work during the sixty-day notice period; however, Mr. Cohen will be entitled to receive his base salary for the duration of the sixty day notice period. The Company has the right to terminate Mr. Cohen’s employment agreement for cause (as defined in the agreement), which termination shall be effective immediately.
Compensation of Directors
The following table sets forth all compensation paid to our non-management Board members during the year ended December 31, 2023:
Name
Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash
($)
Stock Awards
($)
Option Awards
($)
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
Change in
Pension Value
and Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
All Other
Compensation
($)
Total
($)
Frank Rescigna
5,000
-
-
-
-
-
5,000
Kristen Mclaughlin
55,000
-
20,393
-
-
-
75,393
Louis Castro
30,000
-
35,688
-
-
-
65,688
Olivia C. Bartlett
12,500
-
20,393
-
-
-
32,983
Mr. Rescigna is no longer a Board member as of December 31, 2023.
On January 13, 2023, we granted stock options to Ms. Mclaughlin, Mr. Castro, and Ms. Bartlett to purchase 20,000, 35,000, and 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, at an exercise price of $1.275 per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, option awards to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock that had been previously granted to Mr. Castro in 2021, were modified to extend their expiration date from July 21, 2023 to July 21, 2024. The incremental fair value (recognized as additional stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2023) was approximately $1,300, which is not included in the table above.
The total number of option awards to our non-management Board members outstanding at December 31, 2023 was 170,000 in aggregate.
Outstanding Equity Awards
The following table sets forth outstanding equity awards to our named executive officers as of December 31, 2023.
Option awards
Stock awards
Name
Number of securities underlying unexercised options
(#)
exercisable
Number of securities underlying unexercised options
(#)
unexercisable
Equity incentive plan awards: Number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options
(#)
Option exercise price
($)
Option
expiration date
Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested
(#)
Market value of shares of units of stock that have not vested
($)
Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested
(#)
Equity incentive plan awards: Market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested
($)
Harrison Gross
375,000
-
-
$ 1.00
04/01/2024
-
-
-
-
400,000
200,000
-
$ 3.56
05/05/2025
-
-
-
-
77,756
22,244
-
$ 3.56
11/11/2024
-
-
-
-
30,000
60,000
-
$ 1.28
01/13/2028
-
-
-
-
50,000
100,000
-
$ 0.45
12/18/2028
-
-
-
-
Konrad Dabrowski
46,648
13,352
-
$ 3.56
11/11/2024
-
-
-
-
30,000
60,000
-
$ 1.28
01/13/2028
-
-
-
-
40,000
80,000
-
$ 0.45
12/18/2028
-
-
-
-
David Eric Cohen
46,648
13,352
-
$ 3.56
12/01/2024
-
-
-
-
20,000
40,000
-
$ 1.28
01/13/2028
-
-
-
-
23,333
46,667
-
$ 0.45
12/18/2028
-
-
-
-
Option Exercises and Stock Vested
There were no options exercised by our executive officers during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.
Employee Benefit Plans
We currently provide health insurance coverage to our full-time W-2 employees, as well as free prescription eyeglasses to them and their immediate families. The Company also provides a complimentary gym membership to full-time staff.
Non-qualified Deferred Compensation
None of our employees participate in or have account balances in non-qualified defined contribution plans or other non-qualified deferred compensation plans maintained by us. Our Compensation Committee may elect to provide our officers and other employees with non-qualified defined contribution or other non-qualified compensation benefits in the future if it determines that doing so is in the Company’s best interest.
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
General
Our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan was adopted by the Board and approved by our shareholders on July 1, 2021. The general purposes of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan are to (i) enable the Company and its subsidiaries to attract and retain the types of employees, consultants, and directors who will contribute to the Company’s long-range success; (ii) provide incentives that align the interests of employees, consultants, and directors with those of our shareholders; and (iii) promote the success of the Company’s business.
Description of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan
The following description of the principal terms of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by the full text of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan.
Administration. The 2021 Equity Incentive Plan is administered by a committee appointed by our Board, or in the Board’s discretion, by the Board (as applicable, the “Incentive Plan Administrator”). Subject to the terms of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, the Incentive Plan Administrator has the authority to (a) determine the eligible individuals who are to receive awards, (b) determine the terms and conditions of each award, including exercise price, vesting or performance criteria, performance period, and terms of the award, (c) determine whether vesting and performance criteria have been achieved, (d) accelerate the vesting or exercisability of, payment for or lapse of restrictions on, or otherwise modify or amend awards, (e) construe and interpret the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, including the ability to reconcile any inconsistency in, correct any defect in and/or supply any omission in the plan and award agreement; any instrument or agreement, (f) promulgate, amend, and rescind rules and regulations relating to the administration of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, and (g) exercise discretion to make any and all other determinations which it determines to be necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and awards granted thereunder. The Incentive Plan Administrator may also delegate its authority to a subcommittee or to one or more officers of the Company, subject to terms and conditions determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator. All decisions made by the Incentive Plan Administrator are final and binding on the Company and the participants.
Types of Awards. The 2021 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, which may be incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance share awards, and other cash-based or equity-based awards, or collectively, awards.
Share Reserve. A total equal to 20% of our issued and outstanding common stock shall be available for the grant of awards under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan.
If options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units or any other awards are forfeited, cancelled or expire before being exercised or settled in full, the shares subject to such awards will again be available for issuance under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. If restricted stock or shares issued upon exercise of an option are reacquired by the Company pursuant to a forfeiture provision, repurchase right or for any other reason, then such shares will again be available for issuance under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, shares applied to pay the exercise price of an option or satisfy withholding taxes related to any award will not become available for issuance under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan.
Shares issued under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares.
As of December 31, 2023, awards covering 2,959,720 shares of Common Stock were outstanding, of which 1,185,000 option awards were granted by the Company prior to the approval of the Plan, 1,709,500 option awards were granted subject to the Plan, and 65,220 were RSU awards were granted subject to the Plan.
As of December 31, 2023, there were 992,728 shares of Common Stock available for future award grants under the Plan.
Incentive Stock Option Limit. No more than 25,000,000 shares of Common Stock may be issued under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan upon the exercise of ISOs.
Eligibility. Employees (including officers), non-employee directors, and consultants who render services to the Company or a parent or subsidiary thereof (whether now existing or subsequently established) are eligible to receive awards under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. ISOs may only be granted to employees of the Company or a parent or subsidiary thereof (whether now existing or subsequently established).
Stock Options. A stock option is the right to purchase a certain number of shares of stock at a fixed exercise price which, pursuant to the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant. Subject to limited exceptions, an option may have a term of up to 10 years and will generally expire sooner if the optionholder’s service terminates. Options will vest at the rate determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator. An optionholder may pay the exercise price of an option in cash, or, with the Incentive Plan Administrator’s consent, with shares of stock the optionholder already owns, with proceeds from an immediate sale of the option shares, through a net exercise procedure or by any other method permitted by applicable law.
Tax Limitations on Incentive Stock Options. The aggregate fair market value, determined at the time of grant, of the Common Stock with respect to ISOs that are exercisable for the first time by an optionholder during any calendar year under all of the Company’s stock plans may not exceed $100,000. Options or portions thereof that exceed such limit will generally be treated as NSOs. No ISO may be granted to any person who, at the time of the grant, owns or is deemed to own stock possessing more than 10% of the Company’s total combined voting power or that of any of the Company’s affiliates unless (a) the option exercise price is at least 110% of the fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant and (b) the term of the ISO does not exceed five years from the date of grant.
Stock Appreciation Rights. A stock appreciation right provides the recipient with the right to the appreciation in a specified number of shares of stock. The Incentive Plan Administrator determines the exercise price of stock appreciation rights granted under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, which may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of Common Stock on the date of grant. A stock appreciation right may have a term of up to 10 years and will generally expire sooner if the recipient’s service terminates. SARs will vest at the rate determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator. Upon exercise of a SAR, the recipient will receive an amount in cash, stock, or a combination of stock and cash determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator, equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares being exercised over their exercise price.
Restricted Stock Awards. Shares of restricted stock may be issued under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and may be subject to vesting, as determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator. Recipients of restricted stock generally have all of the rights of a shareholder with respect to those shares, including voting rights and dividends, except as provided in the award agreement.
Restricted Stock Units. A restricted stock unit is a right to receive a share, at no cost to the recipient, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, including vesting conditions, established by the Incentive Plan Administrator. RSUs vest at the rate determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator and any unvested RSUs will generally be forfeited upon termination of the recipient’s service. Settlement of restricted stock units may be made in the form of cash, stock or a combination of cash and stock, as provided in the award agreement and as determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator. Recipients of restricted stock units generally will have no voting or dividend rights prior to the time the vesting conditions are satisfied, and the award is settled.
Performance Share Award. A performance share award is a right to receive a share or share units based upon the Company’s performance during a specified performance period, as determined by the Incentive Plan Administrator. The Incentive Plan Administrator has the discretion to determine: (i) the number of shares or stock-denominated units subject to a Performance Share Award granted to any recipient; (ii) the performance period applicable to any award; (iii) the conditions that must be satisfied for a recipient to earn an award; and (iv) the other terms, conditions and restrictions of the award.
Cash Awards and Other Equity-Based Awards. The Incentive Plan Administrator may grant cash awards and other awards based in whole or in part by reference to Common Stock, either alone or in tandem with other awards. The Incentive Plan Administrator will determine the terms and conditions of any such awards.
Changes to Capital Structure. In the event of certain changes in capitalization, including a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, or an extraordinary corporate transaction such as any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, combination, or exchange, proportionate adjustments will be made in the number and kind of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, the limit on the number of shares that may be issued under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan as ISOs, the number and kind of shares subject to each outstanding award and/or the exercise price of each outstanding award.
Change in Control. If the Company is party to certain change in control transactions, each outstanding award will be treated as the Incentive Plan Administrator determines, which may include the continuation, assumption or substitution of an outstanding award, the cancellation of an outstanding award after an opportunity to exercise or the cancellation of an outstanding award in exchange for a payment equal to the value of the shares subject to such award less any applicable exercise price.
Transferability of Awards. Unless the Incentive Plan Administrator determines otherwise, an award generally will not be transferable other than by beneficiary designation, a will or the laws of descent and distribution. The Incentive Plan Administrator may permit transfer of an award in a manner consistent with applicable law.
Amendment and Termination. The Board may amend or terminate the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan at any time. Any such amendment or termination will not affect outstanding awards. If not sooner terminated, the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan will automatically terminate 10 years after its adoption by the Board. Shareholder approval is not required for any amendment of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, unless required by applicable law, government regulation or exchange listing standards.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Based solely upon information made available to us, the following table sets forth information as of March 22, 2024, regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock:
● each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;
● each of our named executive officers and directors; and
● all our executive officers and directors as a group.
The address of each holder listed in the following table, except as otherwise indicated, is 11900 Biscayne Blvd., Suite 630, North Miami, Florida, 33181.
Percentage ownership shown in the following table is based on 12,917,239 shares of our common stock outstanding.
Name of Beneficial Owner
Shares of
Common Stock
Beneficially
Owned(1)
Percent of
Common Stock
Beneficially
Owned
Named Executive Officers and Directors
Harrison Gross(2)
1,226,641
8.67 %
Konrad Dabrowski(3)
194,978
1.49 %
David Eric Cohen(4)
141,645
1.08 %
Kristen McLaughlin(5)
31,667
* %
Louis Castro(6)
56,667
* %
Olivia Bartlett(7)
31,667
* %
All directors and executive officers as a group (6 persons)
1,683,265
11.53 %
5% Stockholders
Lucyd Ltd.(8)
5,189,085
40.17 %
* Less than 1%.
(1) We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which is generally determined by voting power and/or dispositive power with respect to securities. Unless otherwise noted, the shares of common stock listed above are owned as of the date of this 10-K, and are owned of record by each individual named as beneficial owner and such individual has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares of common stock owned by each of them.
(2) Includes 1,226,641 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options held by Mr. Gross exercisable within 60 days of the date of this 10-K.
(3) Includes 194,978 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options held by Mr. Dabrowski exercisable within 60 days of the date of this 10-K.
(4) Includes 141,645 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options held by Mr. Cohen exercisable within 60 days of the date of this 10-K.
(5) Includes 31,667 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options held by Ms. McLaughlin exercisable within 60 days of the date of this 10-K.
(6) Includes 56,667 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options held by Mr. Castro exercisable within 60 days of the date of this 10-K.
(7) Includes 31,667 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options held by Ms. Bartlett exercisable within 60 days of the date of this 10-K.
(8) Tekcapital plc, a public company listed on the London Stock Exchange, owns all issued and outstanding securities of Tekcapital Europe Ltd., which owns all issued and outstanding securities of Lucyd Ltd. As such, Tekcapital plc may be deemed to beneficially own the shares held by Lucyd Ltd. by virtue of their control over Lucyd Ltd. Tekcapital plc disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Lucyd Ltd. Mr. Clifford Gross, the Chief Executive Officer of Tekcapital plc, is the father of Mr. Harrison Gross, our Chief Executive Officer.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
On occasion we may engage in certain related party transactions. All prior related party transactions were approved by our Board of Directors and a majority of our issued and outstanding shares of capital stock. Our policy is that all related party transactions will be reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors prior to our entering into any related party transactions.
License Agreement
On April 1, 2020, we entered into an exclusive, worldwide license agreement with Lucyd Ltd., the largest stockholder of the Company, for the use of the Lucyd brand, and the associated intellectual property and assets (the “License Agreement”). The License Agreement is royalty-free, fully paid up, and perpetual license for the exclusive use of certain assets of Lucyd Ltd. related to Innovative Eyewear current products and trademarks. As compensation for entrance into the License Agreement, we issued Lucyd Ltd. 3,750,000 shares of our common stock. On October 5, 2021, the parties to the License Agreement executed an Addendum, to the exclusive license agreement, which clarified that Innovative Eyewear shall commercialize, continue with any on-going intellectual property prosecutions and pay all maintenance or other patent fees (the “Addendum”). For all new intellectual property, Innovative Eyewear will own control it and be responsible for all prosecution and maintenance costs. The Addendum also confirms that Innovative Eyewear issued Lucyd Ltd. 3,750,000 shares of its common stock as consideration for the license. Please see “Business - Material Agreements” for a more complete description of the License Agreement and Addendum.
Management Service Agreement
On June 1, 2020, we entered into a management service agreement with Tekcapital Europe Ltd., an affiliate of our largest stockholder, Lucyd Ltd., whose Chief Executive Officer is the father of our Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which we agreed to pay Tekcapital Europe Ltd. $25,000 per fiscal quarter for rent-free office space, utilities, advisory services, and any other services in accordance with Tekcapital Europe Ltd.’s areas of expertise. The management agreement provided for a perpetual term, with the right of either party to terminate for any reason with 30 days’ notice.
Effective February 1, 2022, the original management service agreement was amended to have us billed at $35,000 quarterly for advisory and other services, and in addition, Tekcapital Europe Ltd. began to bill us for an allocation of rent paid by Tekcapital Europe Ltd. on our behalf.
We incurred $140,000 during each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 under our management services agreement with Tekcapital Europe Ltd.; we also recognized $91,672 and $74,442 of rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Convertible Note Financing
On December 1, 2020, we issued a convertible note for an aggregate principal amount of up to $2,000,000 to Lucyd Ltd., the largest stockholder of the Company (the “Note”).
On June 1, 2021, we completed the partial conversion of an aggregate of $778,500 of the outstanding balance on the Note, at $1.00 per share, into an aggregate of 778,500 shares of common stock. On September 5, 2021, we completed the partial conversion of an aggregate of $500,002 of the outstanding balance on the Note, at $3.56 per share, into an aggregate of 140,449 shares of common stock.
On November 1, 2021, we executed an amended and restated Note, increasing the amount of available financing from $2,000,000 to $3,000,000. On November 16, 2021, we completed the partial conversion of an aggregate of $901,271 of the outstanding balance of the Note, at $3.56 per share, into an aggregate of 253,166 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2021, $289,029 remained outstanding on the Note.
On August 15, 2022, in connection with our initial public offering, we completed the partial conversion of an aggregate of $2,002,280 of the outstanding balance of the Note, at $7.50 per share, into an aggregate of 266,970 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2022, $61,356 remained outstanding on the Note.
In January 2023, we borrowed an additional $48,143 under such convertible notes, and subsequently repaid the outstanding balance of the Note in full in February 2023. No further amounts were borrowed under the Note, and the Note matured on December 1, 2023 with no amounts outstanding.
The Note was unsecured, had an interest rate of 10.0% per annum, and provided for conversion (including both principal and accrued but unpaid interest) into our common stock at the election of Lucyd Ltd. upon certain equity financing events (as defined in the Note) or the holder determining to convert the Note. The Note could be converted by the holder using the price of either (i) the per share purchase price paid for by investors under the terms of recent equity financing, (ii) the closing price of our trading shares on the relevant public exchange for the day immediately preceding the date of conversion of the Note, or (iii) the valuation of the last equity investment.
Intercompany Loan
On January 11, 2024, we entered into an intercompany loan agreement (as lender) with Tekcapital Europe Ltd. (as borrower), an affiliate of our largest stockholder, Lucyd Ltd., whose Chief Executive Officer is the father of our Chief Executive Officer, and Tekcapital Plc, the parent of Tekcapital Europe Ltd. Pursuant to this agreement, we loaned 600,000 British pounds sterling to Tekcapital Europe Ltd. The loan bears simple interest at a rate of 10% per annum and is required to be repaid on or before April 11, 2024. Tekcapital Plc executed the agreement as guarantor for Tekcapital Europe Ltd. on the full amount of the loan. Tekcapital Europe Ltd. repaid the loan in full in March 2024.
Employment Agreements
See “Item 11. Executive Compensation” regarding the employment agreements with Harrison Gross and Konrad Dabrowski.
Statement of Policy
All future transactions between us and our officers, directors, or five percent stockholders, and respective affiliates will be on terms no less favorable than could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties and will be approved by a majority of our independent directors who do not have an interest in the transactions and who had access, at our expense, to our legal counsel or independent legal counsel.
To the best of our knowledge, during the past three fiscal years, other than as set forth above, there were no material transactions, or series of similar transactions, or any currently proposed transactions, or series of similar transactions, to which we were or are to be a party, in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed financial years, and in which any director or executive officer, or any security holder who is known by us to own of record or beneficially more than 5% of any class of our common stock, or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, has an interest (other than compensation to our officers and directors in the ordinary course of business).

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services .
Audit Fees
The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Cherry Bekaert LLP, for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of our consolidated financial statements included in our quarterly reports, and other fees that are normally provided by the accounting firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were approximately $117,600 and $88,000, respectively.
Audit-Related Fees
There were approximately $58,700 of fees billed by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for audit-related services for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which included consent and comfort letter procedures related to our Form S-1filings, initial public offering, and due diligence procedures. There were no fees billed by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for audit-related services for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Tax Fees
There were no fees billed for professional services rendered by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
All Other Fees
There were no fees billed for non-audit services by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Audit Committee Determination
The Audit Committee considered and determined that the services performed are compatible with maintaining the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm.
Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditor
The Audit Committee is responsible for pre-approving all audit and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm as outlined in its Audit Committee charter. Prior to engagement of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for each year’s audit, management or the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm submits to the Audit Committee for approval an aggregate request of services expected to be rendered during the year, which the Audit Committee pre-approves. During the year, circumstances may arise when it may become necessary to engage the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for additional services not contemplated in the original pre-approval. In those circumstances, the Audit Committee requires specific pre-approval before engaging the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The engagements of our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm were approved by the Company’s Audit Committee.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)(1)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
See accompanying “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements.”
(b) Exhibits
Exhibit No.
Description
1.1*
Underwriting Agreement by and among Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and Maxim Group LLC, as representative of the several underwriters, dated August 14, 2022, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41392) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission August 18, 2022)
3.1*
Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Innovative Eyewear, Inc., (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Amended Registration Statement filed on Form S-1/A 1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
3.2*
Amended and Restated Bylaws of innovative Eyewear, Inc., (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Amended Registration Statement filed on Form S-1/A 1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
4.1*
Form of Representative’s Warrant Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Amended Registration Statement filed on Form S-1/A 2 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities Exchange Commission January 20, 2022)
4.2*
Representative’s Warrant issued to Maxim Group LLC., dated August 17, 2022, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-41392) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission August 18, 2022)
4.3*
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Amended Registration Statement filed on Form S-1/A 2 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities Exchange Commission January 20, 2022)
4.4*
Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-272737) filed with the SEC on June 16, 2023)
4.5*
Form of Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-272737) filed with the SEC on June 16, 2023)
4.6*
Form of Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-272737) filed with the SEC on June 16, 2023)
4.7
Description of Securities
10.1*
License Agreement between Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and Lucyd Ltd., dated April 1, 2020, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
10.2*
Addendum to License Agreement between Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and Lucyd Ltd., dated December 7, 2021, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
10.3
Management Agreement between Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and Tekcapital Europe Ltd., dated June 1, 2020, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
10.7*
Employment Agreement by and between Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and Harrison Gross, dated August 11, 2021, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
10.8*
Employment Agreement by and between Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and Konrad Dabrowski, dated August 11, 2021, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
10.9*
Innovative Eyewear, Inc., 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
10.10*
Sales Representation Agreement by and between Innovative Eyewear, Inc. and D. Landstrom Associates, Inc., dated March 4, 2021, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
14.1*
Form of Code of Ethics of innovative Eyewear, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Registration Statement filed on Form S-1 (File No. 333-261616) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2022)
19.1
Insider trading policy
23.1
Consent of Cherry Bekaert LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24.1
Power of Attorney
31.1
Certification of Principle Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13A-14(A)and 15D-14(A)
31.2
Certification of Principle Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13A-14(A)and 15D-14(A)
32.1
Certification of Principle Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2
Certification of Principle Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
97.1
Innovative Eyewear, Inc., Executive Compensation Clawback Policy
101.ins
XBRL Instance Document
101.sch
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.cal
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.def
XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.lab
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.pre
XRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
* Previously filed