EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1670541
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1670541_10-K_2025_0001670541-25-000152.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Adient plc (“Adient”) is a global leader in the automotive seating supply industry with leading market positions in the Americas, Europe and Asia and maintains longstanding relationships with the largest global automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”). Adient's proprietary technologies extend into virtually every area of automotive seating solutions, including complete seating systems, frames, mechanisms, foam, head restraints, armrests and trim covers. Adient is a global seat supplier with the capability to design, develop, engineer, manufacture, and deliver complete seat systems and components in every major automotive producing region in the world.
Adient designs, manufactures and markets a full range of seating systems and components for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and light trucks, including vans, pick-up trucks and sport/crossover utility vehicles. Adient operates approximately 200 wholly- and majority-owned manufacturing, assembly or sequencing facilities, with operations in 29 countries. Additionally, Adient has partially-owned affiliates in China, Asia, Europe and North America. Through its global footprint and vertical integration, Adient leverages its capabilities to drive growth in the automotive seating industry.
Adient's business model is focused on developing and maintaining long-term customer relationships, which allows Adient to successfully grow with leading global OEMs. Adient and its engineers work closely with customers as vehicle platforms are developed, which results in close ties with key decision makers at OEM customers.
Business Organization and Strategy
Global Manufacturing Footprint Adient is a global leader in automotive seating. With more than 65,000 employees operating in approximately 200 manufacturing, assembly or sequencing facilities in 29 countries worldwide, Adient produces and delivers automotive seating for all vehicle classes and all major OEMs. From complete seating systems to individual components, Adient’s manufacturing capabilities span every aspect of the automotive seat-making process. Integrated, in-house skills allows Adient to take products from research and design all the way to engineering and manufacturing and into millions of vehicles every year.
Operational Efficiencies Adient intends to maintain high capacity utilization and increase its efficiency through continued use of standardized manufacturing processes, which represent a core competency. These standardized manufacturing processes allow Adient to deliver high quality levels and minimize waste. Adient achieves scale advantages through a global manufacturing footprint and an integrated supply chain. Adient also creates efficiencies and optimizes inventory, reduces freight and direct labor costs through its integrated modular assembly process. Adient fosters an environment of continuous improvement and identifies best business practices through the analysis of process and cost metrics, which are then shared globally throughout Adient's manufacturing network.
To ensure appropriate service levels, minimal inventory and optimal factory utilization, Adient employs a Sales & Operational Planning, or S&OP, process. A well-executed S&OP process provides two strategic advantages: focused customer service and on-time delivery which result in both customer retention and the opportunity for market share gain.
Investing in Technology Adient continues to invest in technology and innovation by utilizing automation in metals, foam, trim and complete seat operations as well as expanding the use of artificial intelligence (“AI”). AI technology is being pursued to reduce direct labor costs, improve accuracy and to ensure repeatable and reproducible results.
Longstanding Customer Relationships with Leading Global OEMs Adient works with OEMs to develop complete seating solutions to meet consumer expectations for performance, safety and comfort. Adient does business with all major global OEM customers, and in many cases, works closely with those customers to develop a seating solution integrated into the overall vehicle appearance and architecture.
Through dedicated customer teams, Adient maintains close relationships with its global OEM customers. These relationships enable Adient to clearly understand its customers' needs so that it is positioned to meet its customers' requirements. Adient's customer teams also lead the new business acquisition process, which ensures alignment with Adient's product, process and manufacturing strategies.
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Product Innovation and Process Leadership Adient has a strong record for developing winning product and process technologies over many years, which has created a competitive advantage for Adient and its customers. Management expects to increase investment in innovation.
Adient utilizes a global Core Product Portfolio, or CPP, strategy for part and design reuse in all of its product applications. Adient intends to continue investing in its CPP to sustain and expand its market success and to leverage its existing modular and scalable systems and interchangeable components. Through the CPP strategy, Adient provides high quality products for its customers with market competitive cost and mass (low weight to improve fuel economy) while meeting their performance requirements. Adient continues to use its CPP to advance Adient's lean manufacturing initiatives by providing standard, flexible processes that reduce complexity, inventory and floor space. This will yield reductions in development time, product cost and investment.
Global Development Network Adient participates in innovating and developing key competitive differentiators in the automotive seating business. In the development process, key downstream elements of the product are locked in, including material costs, plant conversion costs, quality characteristics and certain technical requirements. Adient uses a common product development process globally that ensures that these elements are correct at the outset of the development process, reflects the best practices of Adient's operations worldwide and meets the expectations of Adient's diverse customer base. Its product launch system is customizable and scalable based on customer and product requirements.
Adient's worldwide engineering network includes ten core development centers. These development centers utilize a globally consistent approach to the process for developing seating products. By leveraging a network of subject matter technical experts, Adient efficiently implements best practices and improves product cost and quality. Adient's product development practices also entail leveraging low cost country development centers in India, China, Czech Republic, Mexico and Slovakia.
Development Centers
Ansan (South Korea) Plymouth (USA)
Burscheid (Germany) Pune (India)
Ceska Lipa (Czech Republic) Querétaro (Mexico)
Chongqing (China) Trenčín (Slovakia)
Kaiserslautern (Germany) Yokohama (Japan)
Leadership Position in China Adient is a leading supplier of “just-in-time” seating in China. It operates through its wholly owned entities and six joint ventures (nonconsolidated and consolidated) with 37 manufacturing locations in 22 cities, which are supported by additional technical centers. Adient's strong position with European and American automakers is complemented by partnerships with all major auto groups in China, which has resulted in Adient's broad market penetration relative to seating competitors and market leadership in the industry's largest market. Adient leverages its operating expertise and innovation capabilities developed worldwide to further support its growth in China.
Platform for Global Growth Adient's current global platform creates multiple opportunities for growth, such as:
•Market share expansion in seating and seating components. Adient has relationships with global OEM customers. These relationships, combined with Adient's product offerings, enhance Adient's ability to expand its business with regional customers who are growing and expanding globally and also with new entrants to the automotive market.
•Regional growth opportunities. Adient is able to leverage its position as the market leader in Europe, North America and China to grow in other markets, such as Southeast Asia.
•Vertical integration. Adient's operations provide opportunities for continued vertical integration in areas that could enhance Adient's capabilities, expand profit margins and grow revenues with customers who employ component sourcing strategies.
Product/Systems
Adient designs and manufactures a full range of seating systems and components for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and light trucks, including vans, pick-up trucks and sport/crossover utility vehicles. Adient's technologies extend into virtually every area of automotive seating solutions including complete seating systems, frames, mechanisms, foam, head restraints, armrests
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and trim covers. In recent years, Adient’s innovative products have emphasized safety and comfort, and incorporated lighter, slimmer and more environmentally friendly materials than traditional seating products. Refer to the Sustainability section below for additional information.
Customers
Adient is a supplier to all of the global OEMs and has longstanding relationships with premier automotive manufacturers, including BMW, Mercedes-Benz Group, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Company, Honda Motor Company, Hyundai Motor Company, Jaguar Land Rover, Kia Corporation, Mazda Motor Corporation, Mitsubishi Motor Corporation, Nissan Motor Corporation, Renault Group, Stellantis N.V., Suzuki Motor Corporation, Toyota Motor Corporation, Volkswagen Group and Volvo Car Group. Adient also supplies most of the growing regional OEMs such as Beijing Automotive Group Co., Ltd., Changan Automobile (Group) Co., Ltd., FAW Group Corporation, Proton Holdings Berhad, Ashok Leyland, Tata Motors Limited and Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd. and newer auto manufacturers such as NIO, Xpeng Motors, BYD Company Ltd. and Xiaomi Motors. Additionally, Adient has 6 joint venture partnerships with key OEMs, including Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Beijing Automobile Group Co., Ltd. and FAW Group Corporation. Further details regarding Adient's customers is provided in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K in Note 1, “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
Industry
The Automotive Seating industry provides OEMs with complete seats on a “just-in-time” or “in-sequence” basis. Seats are assembled to specific order and delivered on a predetermined schedule directly to an automotive assembly line. The components for these complete seat assemblies such as seating foam, metal structures, fabrics, seat covers and seat mechanisms are shipped to Adient or competitor seating assembly plants. Adient is a global leader in complete seat assembly and one of the largest in all major seating components including seating foam, metal structures, seat covers and seat mechanisms.
Demand for automotive parts in the OEM market is generally a function of the number of new vehicles produced, which is primarily driven by macro-economic factors such as credit availability, interest rates, fuel prices, consumer confidence, employment and other trends. Although OEM demand is tied to actual vehicle production, participants in the automotive supplier industry also have the opportunity to grow through increasing product content per vehicle by further penetrating business with existing customers and in existing markets, gaining new customers and increasing their presence in global markets. Adient believes that, as a company with a global presence and advanced technology, engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities, it is well positioned to benefit from these opportunities.
Sourcing Patterns by OEMs Most OEMs have adopted global vehicle platforms to increase standardization, reduce per unit cost and increase capital efficiency and profitability. In seating, three sourcing patterns exist:
1. Core seat structures: By developing common front seat frames and mechanisms across multiple vehicle platforms, OEMs are reducing costs.
2. Component sourcing: Several OEMs have shifted from sourcing a complete seating system to a components approach where the OEM sources each of the different components of the seat and seating assembly as separate business awards.
3. Engineering “in-sourcing”: Some OEMs are conducting the design and engineering internally and are selecting suppliers that have the capability to manufacture products on a worldwide basis and adapt to regional variations.
As a supplier with global scale and strong design, engineering and lean manufacturing capabilities in both complete seat systems and components, Adient is well positioned to accommodate each of these three sourcing patterns.
Shorter Product Development Cycles As a result of new safety and environmental regulations, as well as a trend of more rapid customer preference changes, OEMs are requiring suppliers to respond faster with new designs and product innovations. Although these trends are more significant in mature markets, emerging markets are moving rapidly towards the regulatory standards and consumer preferences of the more mature markets. Suppliers with strong technologies, robust global engineering and development capabilities will be best positioned to meet OEM demands for rapid innovation.
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Electric Vehicles Electric vehicles (“EVs”) continue to be a focus in the global automotive industry driven by a variety of product offerings from legacy manufacturers and from new entrants. The rollout of EVs platforms vary across the regions with factors such as pricing, affordability, government incentives, infrastructure and overall consumer acceptance influencing the pace of adoption. While seating systems are not largely impacted by the shift to EVs, key attributes of seat design are evolving as the market pivots toward EVs. This movement provides Adient with unique opportunities to provide value added solutions through Adient’s Evolution of Seating Systems Sustainability (“ES3”) and to capture market share through new entrants based on Adient’s existing leading market position.
Advanced Driver Assist Systems (“ADAS”) and Automated Driving Systems (“ADS”) As the global automotive industry continues to incorporate ADAS/ADS into its vehicles and as alternative usage models evolve, such as car sharing and urban mobility, Adient is poised to capitalize on greater seating content that may accompany these new innovations. Adient has developed an interiors concept for autonomous driving which addresses major seating and other interior trends that are expected to drive the automotive industry of the future. Adient will continue to partner with OEMs and other customers in the development of ADAS and ADS concepts.
Competition
Adient faces competition from other automotive suppliers and, with respect to certain products, from the automobile OEMs who produce or have the capability to produce certain products the business supplies. The automotive supply industry competes on the basis of technology, quality, reliability of supply and price. Design, engineering and product planning are also important factors. The competitive landscape for seating and components can be categorized into three segments: (1) traditional seating suppliers, (2) component specialists and (3) competitors who are partnered with an OEM through ownership or interlocking business relationships. Independent suppliers that represent the principal competitors of Adient include Lear Corporation, Toyota Boshoku Corporation, Forvia SE, Magna International Inc. and Yanfeng Automotive Systems Co., Ltd. Adient's deep vertical integration, global footprint and broad product offering make it well positioned to compete against the traditional global Tier-1 suppliers and component specialists.
Raw Materials
Raw materials used by Adient in connection with its operations include steel, aluminum, polyurethane chemicals, fabrics, leather, vinyl and polypropylene. Continuing into fiscal 2025, the automotive industry has experienced volatility in commodity prices. This price volatility may continue into the future as demand increases and/or supply is constrained. During fiscal 2026, commodity prices and availability could fluctuate throughout the year and significantly affect Adient's results of operations. Refer to the Sustainability heading in this Item 1, “Business” for information on sustainability actions Adient is taking with its products and related materials, and refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K for additional information on risks associated with the supply of Adient’s raw materials.
Intellectual Property
Generally, Adient seeks statutory protection for strategic or financially important intellectual property developed in connection with its business. Certain intellectual property, where appropriate, is protected by contracts, licenses, confidentiality or other agreements.
Adient owns numerous U.S. and non-U.S. patents (and their respective counterparts), the more important of which cover those technologies and inventions embodied in current products or which are used in the manufacture of those products. While Adient believes patents are important to its business operations and in the aggregate constitute a valuable asset, no single patent, or group of patents, is critical to the success of the business. Adient, from time to time, grants licenses under its patents and technology and receives licenses under patents and technology of others.
Adient's trademarks are registered or otherwise legally protected in the United States and many non-U.S. countries where products and services of Adient are sold.
Most works of authorship produced for Adient, such as computer programs, catalogs and sales literature, carry appropriate notices indicating Adient's claim to copyright protection under U.S. law and appropriate international treaties.
Regulation
Adient operates in a constantly evolving global regulatory environment and is subject to numerous and varying regulatory requirements for its product performance and material content. Adient's practice is to identify potential regulatory and quality
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risks early in the design and development process and proactively manage them throughout the product lifecycle through the use of routine assessments, protocols, standards, performance measures and audits. New regulations and changes to existing regulations are managed in collaboration with the OEM customers and implemented through Adient's global systems and procedures designed to ensure compliance with existing laws and regulations. Adient demonstrates material content compliance through the International Material Data System (“IMDS”) which is the automotive industry material data system. In the IMDS, all materials used for automobile manufacturing are archived and maintained, in order to meet the obligations placed on the automobile manufacturers and thus on their suppliers by national and international standards, laws and regulations.
Adient works collaboratively with a number of stakeholder groups including government agencies (e.g., National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), its customers and its suppliers to proactively engage in federal, state and international public policy processes.
Legal Matters
Adient is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial and contractual matters, and various other matters. Although the outcome of such lawsuits, claims and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and some may be disposed of unfavorably to Adient, it is management's opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on Adient's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Costs related to such matters were not material to the periods presented. Further details regarding Adient's commitments and contingencies are provided in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K in Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
Sustainability
Adient recognizes robust, responsible and sustainable policies and practices are essential to the long-term success of its business and the well-being of its stakeholders, including investors, employees, suppliers, customers and communities. Adient prioritizes environmental stewardship by integrating sustainability principles into product development initiatives, manufacturing processes, procurement practices, corporate governance activities, and other key business areas. The Board of Directors and senior managers ensure Adient operates ethically and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations; as appropriate, they oversee and implement sustainability policies and strategies with input from a cross-functional team of subject matter experts across the organization. Adient regularly communicates its targets and actions related to sustainability to stakeholders through SEC filings, media releases, its adient.com website, quarterly earnings reports, and its annual corporate sustainability report.
Production Processes
Adient remains committed to improving sustainability in its global operations and utilizing standardized processes to reduce energy consumption, conserve water, and generate less waste and emissions at its sites globally. Adient set a goal of reducing its scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions 75% by 2030 (with 2019 as the base year) and continues to make progress toward that goal. Additionally, by 2040, Adient aspires to achieve carbon neutrality at its manufacturing sites for scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions. Some fiscal year 2025 examples of how Adient is reducing emissions and improving sustainability in its operations include:
•Developing a comprehensive companywide energy management tool kit with step-by-step guidance, best practices, and executed continuous improvement project examples to help Adient manufacturing sites reduce energy use and related emissions.
•Implementing a five-year global water management strategy to reduce water consumption, mitigate water-related risks, and enhance operational resilience.
•Identifying and repairing air leaks in compressed-air systems to optimize compressor efficiency and reduce energy use.
•Installing LED lighting, occupancy sensors, daylight-harvesting controls, and other demand-based lighting controls to significantly improve lighting efficiency.
•Optimizing packaging and streamlining freight operations to cut packaging waste and reduce fuel usage.
•Reducing foam scrap, optimizing leather cutting processes, and transitioning to returnable containers to minimize waste sent to the landfill.
•Installing dual-flush toilets, aerators, and water re-use systems and processes to reduce water consumption.
In addition, Adient has set a goal to attribute 100% of the electricity consumed at its manufacturing sites worldwide to renewable sources by 2035. Several of Adient’s sites already generate renewable electricity on-site via solar panel installations, and roughly 60 Adient sites now consume electricity from a renewable source.
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Products
Sustainability has been an inherent part of product development and innovation at Adient for more than three decades, and Adient closely tracks its customers’ sustainability targets and requirements to ensure its efforts align with their needs and goals. More recently, vehicle electrification and a general move toward increasingly efficient transportation have emphasized the need for automotive seating products that are lighter, slimmer, and made of more environmentally friendly materials than traditional seating products. To help meet this need, Adient has developed products such as the Soft Back Panel and Soft Side Valance components, which integrate up to 70% recycled polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”) content, and Shell Foam™, which leverages lower-emission polyurethane (“PUR”) foam formulations and recycled polyester. Adient has also developed Pure Ergonomics - a slim, resource-efficient seat that incorporates sustainable materials such as recycled PET trim, low-carbon recycled PUR foam, and low-emission steel. The Pure Ergonomics seat achieves a 5% reduction in weight, 46% recycled content, and improved disassembly and recyclability compared to conventional seat models. Through Adient’s ES3 (Evolution of Seating Systems Sustainability) approach to product design, Adient is continuously identifying and integrating materials and manufacturing methods that minimize environmental impact and promote a circular economy.
Adient also recognizes the importance of its supply chain’s environmental risks and impacts and is working with its suppliers to reduce scope 3 (value chain) emissions 35% by 2030 (with 2019 as the base year). In fiscal year 2025, Adient continued to expand the use of its proprietary Product Carbon Footprint Tool - data-based software that calculates the carbon footprint of a specific product based on its bill of materials - impacting designer, engineer and customer decisions and supporting its scope 3 emissions-reduction goal. Adient’s Deforestation Commitment and natural resources webpage includes information on Adient’s commitments and progress toward procuring forest risk commodities from more sustainable sources to reduce the impact on deforestation and protect natural habitats globally. The contents of this webpage are not incorporated into this filing.
People
Adient continues to work to protect the human rights and well-being of its employees, suppliers, customers and communities in which Adient operates globally and released an updated Human Rights Policy Statement in 2024. Adient updated its Ethics Policy in 2023 to address evolving laws and regulations, including those regarding sustainability, and in fiscal year 2025, 99% of Adient’s salaried workforce completed Adient’s annual Ethics Policy certification. Adient also established in 2024 a global Center of Excellence (“COE”) centrally addressing global supplier compliance and risk management; this COE is dedicated to continuously improving Adient’s processes, procedures and systems for vetting and performing supplier due diligence.
Human Capital Resources
Adient's ability to sustain and grow its business requires it to hire, retain and develop a highly skilled and diverse workforce. Adient values character and integrity as much as qualifications and fosters an empowerment culture where employees have ownership in business outcomes. The highest levels of Adient’s management drive these practices with the alignment and support of all levels within the organization. The Executive Vice President, Chief Legal and Human Resources Officer, and Corporate Secretary, reporting directly to the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), oversees Adient’s global talent processes to attract, develop and retain the most valuable asset - its employees. Adient has more than 65,000 employees worldwide who represent a wide variety of backgrounds. Adient’s workforce composition (including employees at consolidated joint ventures), as of September 30, 2025, consists of approximately:
•47% work in the Americas, 40% work in EMEA and 13% work in Asia
•41% of the global workforce is female
•54% of employees in the U.S. have identified themselves as an ethnic minority
Adient ensures its people are engaged and working collaboratively to achieve company goals through positive employee relations activities that focus on supporting employees and their families. Adient also provides and encourages many forms of two-way communication such as town hall meetings, engagement surveys, open-door policies and an ethics Integrity Helpline so that employees can hear directly from Adient leadership and have the opportunity to ask questions, make suggestions, raise concerns, and provide input. Because the attraction, development and retention of the employee base is significant to its business strategy, executive management provides frequent updates on these topics to the Board of Directors.
Health and Safety
Adient is committed to protecting the safety and well-being of colleagues, customers, suppliers and people using its premises by providing and maintaining a safe working environment that protects both physical and mental well-being. Adient requires protective equipment, enforces comprehensive safety policies and procedures, and encourages employees and leaders to look
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regularly for ways to improve workplace safety. Adient has implemented and maintains a health and safety management system that is certified to the ISO 45001 Occupational Health and Safety standard. Globally, 100% of Adient’s facilities are internally audited and compliant, and 98% are also third-party audited and certified. Adient employees work together across the globe, sharing best practice ideas, procedures, and information regarding accidents and injuries. At Adient, every new machine, operation, building or workstation change requires a safety risk assessment. When Adient’s employees come to work, they can know that where they work has undergone an extensive review of associated risks of injury or illness and that those risks are eliminated and/or minimized through robust controls. Adient provides regular updates on health and safety to its Board of Directors.
Diversity and Inclusion
Adient recognizes diversity and inclusion are essential to the success of our business and that living these values encourages different perspectives, ignites innovation and creativity, increases employee engagement, and strengthens partnerships with our customers, suppliers and stakeholders. Adient strives to build a culture of diversity and inclusion through purchasing, human resource practices and policies and strives to eliminate discrimination and harassment in all its forms, including but not limited to discrimination against women, minorities and other protected groups. In fiscal year 2024, Adient updated its Human Rights Policy Statement; this document emphasizes Adient’s commitment to protecting the safety, well-being and human rights of its people while driving a diverse and inclusive work culture. Adient provides updates to the Board of Directors on diversity and inclusion initiatives and shares information on initiatives and metrics in its annual sustainability report.
Succession and Talent Development
Adient believes that attracting, developing, motivating and retaining employees is key to sustainable and profitable growth. Adient understands that, like customers, employees and potential employees have choices of where to work, and Adient must compete for the best talent. Adient supports employee development in multiple ways. Adient has a global performance management process through which employees provide a self-assessment and managers provide evaluation and feedback on performance. This process informs employee development goals.
Adient has a number of global and regional development programs, growing employees at multiple stages in their career. Through these programs, Adient is investing in the long-term success of employees, helping them develop skills and leadership acumen based on current needs and in anticipation of future needs. In addition to local development programs, Adient makes a substantial investment in employee development through its partnership with the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business. Through this partnership, Adient offers two global programs: Adient Accelerate, a leadership development program for director-level employees that is now in its fourth year, and Adient Leadership and Performance Skills (“ALPS”), a program for mid-level managers. These programs are thoughtfully curated to build the essential leadership capabilities needed to navigate Adient’s current priorities and future challenges.
Adient's Leadership Talent Review (“LTR”) is its annual process for identifying and evaluating talent for the purposes of aligning individual aspirations and development plans with the organization's needs and building a diverse pipeline of leaders to mitigate leadership vacancy risk. LTR is designed to be an inclusive process that promotes visibility of talent, increases the validity of succession plans and ensures development efforts are applied efficiently. Talent potential assessments and succession plans are calibrated with broader groups of leaders to drive consistency, awareness and alignment on decisions and development actions. Adient's executive leadership provides annual updates on succession and talent development to the Board of Directors.
Seasonal Factors
Adient's principal operations are directly related to the automotive industry. Consequently, Adient may experience seasonal fluctuations to the extent automotive vehicle production slows, such as in the summer months when many customer plants close for model year changeovers and in December when many customer plants close for the holidays.
Available Information
Adient's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Adient is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and files or furnishes reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such reports and other information filed by Adient with the SEC are available free of charge on Adient's website at www.adient.com when such reports are available on the SEC's website. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information
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statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing. Further, Adient's references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only.
Information about Adient’s Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to Adient's executive officers as of the date of this filing:
Name Age Position(s) Held Year Appointed to Present Position
Michel P. Berthelin 55 Executive Vice President, EMEA 2019
James Conklin 53 Executive Vice President, Americas 2022
Jerome J. Dorlack 45 President and Chief Executive Officer 2024
James J. Huang 64 Executive Vice President, APAC 2019
Stephanie S. Marianos 57 Executive Vice President, Global IT & Business Services and Sustainability 2024
Mark A. Oswald 59 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 2024
Gregory S. Smith 57 Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer 2019
Heather M. Tiltmann 53 Executive Vice President, Chief Legal and Human Resources Officer, and Corporate Secretary 2021
Michel P. Berthelin. Mr. Berthelin is the Executive Vice President, EMEA of Adient. Mr. Berthelin was the Vice President, EMEA of Delphi Technologies during 2018. He served as the Global Steering Vice President of ZF Friedrichshafen AG from 2016 to 2018 and the Vice President, North America-Braking of ZF Friedrichshafen AG during 2015. He was also Vice President, Europe-Braking for TRW Automotive Holdings Corp. from 2012 to 2015.
James Conklin. Mr. Conklin is the Executive Vice President, Americas of Adient. Mr. Conklin served as Adient’s Vice President, Americas Operations from 2016 to 2022, as well as General Manager of Adient’s Seat Structures and Mechanisms business from 2018 to 2020. Prior to that, he had various roles of increasing responsibility with Johnson Controls, Inc., including Vice President of Operations and Executive Director, Continuous Improvement and Best Business Practices, as well as leadership positions within Advanced Manufacturing, Lean Manufacturing, Operations and Quality.
Jerome J. Dorlack. Mr. Dorlack is the President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director of Adient. Mr. Dorlack served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Adient from 2022 to 2023, Executive Vice President, Americas of Adient from 2019 to 2022 and Vice President and Chief Purchasing Officer of Adient from 2018 to 2019. He also served as Senior Vice President and President, Electrical Distribution System and President, South America of Aptiv plc from 2017 to 2018, and Vice President, Powertrain Systems and General Manager, Global Powertrain Products of Delphi Automotive plc from 2016 to 2017. Prior to that, Mr. Dorlack served as Executive Vice President - Global Procurement of ZF Friedrichshafen from 2015 to 2016, and Vice President, Global Purchasing, Supplier Development and Logistics of ZF Friedrichshafen from 2013 to 2015.
James J. Huang. Mr. Huang is the Executive Vice President, APAC of Adient. Mr. Huang served as Vice President, Complete Seat APAC of Adient from 2016 to 2018, and Vice President Complete Seat APAC of Johnson Controls, Inc. from 2014 to 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Huang held leadership positions in Asia Pacific in purchasing and sales before serving as General Manager of Shanghai Yanfeng Johnson Controls Seating Co., Ltd.
Stephanie S. Marianos. Ms. Marianos is the Executive Vice President, Global IT and Business Services and Sustainability of Adient. She previously served as Vice President, Sustainability from 2023 to 2024 and Vice President, Internal Audit from 2020 to 2023. Prior to that, Ms. Marianos spent 15 years at Visteon Corporation in a variety of finance roles including Vice President, Operations Finance and Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer.
Mark A. Oswald. Mr. Oswald is the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Adient. Mr. Oswald served as Vice President, Treasurer, Investor Relations, and Corporate Communications of Adient from 2020 to 2024. He previously served as Vice President Investor Relations and Corporate Communication from 2018 to 2020 and Vice President Investor Relations from 2016 to 2018. Mr. Oswald held various investor relations and finance roles with General Motors, TRW Automotive and Ford Motor Company from 1994 to 2016.
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Gregory S. Smith. Mr. Smith is the Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of Adient. Mr. Smith served as Adient’s Assistant Corporate Controller from 2016 to 2019. Prior to that, he served as Corporate Controller of Jason Industries, Inc. in 2015 and was with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP from 1995 to 2015.
Heather M. Tiltmann. Ms. Tiltmann is the Executive Vice President, Chief Legal and Human Resources Officer, and Corporate Secretary of Adient. Ms. Tiltmann served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Adient from 2020 to 2021. Prior to that, Ms. Tiltmann was Adient’s Vice President and General Counsel, Labor & Employment, Litigation and Compliance, and has served in other legal roles at Adient since 2016. Ms. Tiltmann was an attorney at Johnson Controls, Inc. with increasing levels of responsibility from 2011 to 2016, and an attorney with the law firm of Whyte Hirschboeck Dudek S.C. from 2000 to 2011.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following discussion of risk factors contains forward-looking statements. These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Form 10-K. The following information should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K.
The business, financial condition and operating results of Adient can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause Adient's actual financial condition and operating results to vary materially from past, or from anticipated future, financial condition and operating results. Any of these factors, in whole or in part, could materially and adversely affect Adient's business, financial condition, operating results and stock price.
Because of the following factors, as well as other factors affecting Adient's financial condition and operating results, past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
Risks Related to Adient's Global Business
General economic, credit, capital market and global political conditions could adversely affect Adient's financial performance, Adient's ability to grow or sustain its businesses and Adient's ability to access the capital markets.
Adient competes around the world in various geographic regions and product markets. Global economic conditions, including global demand for new vehicles, new vehicle affordability, supply chain disruptions, inflationary concerns and labor availability, affect Adient's business. As discussed in greater detail below, any future distress in the industries and/or markets where Adient competes could negatively affect Adient's revenues and financial performance in future periods, result in future restructuring charges, and adversely impact Adient's ability to grow or sustain its businesses.
The global automotive industry has continued to experience uncertainties due to changing macroeconomic conditions. Weakening consumer demand, impacted by new vehicle affordability and a high interest rate environment, among other factors, has resulted in lower automotive production volumes. The global adoption of electric vehicles by consumers has also slowed, creating disruptions in production scheduling. More specifically, the EMEA region is faced with overcapacity issues due to lower production volumes and resulting in pricing pressures. The EMEA region is also faced with intensifying competition from Chinese imports and lower exports to China as domestic brands expand in China. The Asia region is also experiencing higher competitive pressures from local OEMs in China who are penetrating the industry with new product offerings. These Chinese OEMs are producing vehicles at lower costs, resulting in pricing pressures on the supply chain base. Further, new relationships need to be developed in order to become the supplier of choice for these new OEMs in China along with careful assessment of which local OEMs are expected to exist and thrive over the long-term due to the competitive pressures. Adient strives to offset the impact of lower production volumes and price reductions through improved operational performance, including commercial negotiations with Adient’s customers and vendors and through other operational improvements that Adient can influence, however there is no guarantee that Adient will be able to sufficiently offset the impact of lower production volumes, price reductions, or avoid more significant restructuring actions. The global automotive industry has also experienced significant volatility in the past, and to some extent volatility persists in the current environment, related to supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures, labor shortages, geopolitical uncertainties, high interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations. Although Adient's seating products have not typically been dependent directly on the components causing the supply chain disruptions, Adient has been directly impacted by lower production levels at the OEMs as a direct result of these disruptions. These disruptions have moderated in fiscal 2025, but supply chains remain fragile and, in the past have led to unplanned downtime at Adient's production facilities, often with very little warning, which created operating inefficiencies and limited Adient's ability to adequately mitigate such inefficiencies. The automotive industry has also experienced a period of significant price volatility (generally resulting in an increase in commodities, energy costs, freight costs, labor costs and other input costs), as well as encountering an environment of unfavorable foreign currency exposures and rising interest rates. While some of these input cost increases have moderated in fiscal 2025, other exposures will likely continue into fiscal 2026 and perhaps further into the future. This environment of significant price volatility has resulted in, and may continue to result in, increased costs for Adient that may not be, or may only be partially, offset. Adient also experienced constrained labor availability which has resulted in wage inflationary pressures, both internally and at key vendors. Adient continues to assess any impact labor shortages and wage inflation might have on Adient's ability to perform its obligations. Although Adient has developed and implemented strategies to mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions along with the impact of higher input and other costs, these strategies, together with commercial negotiations with Adient's customers and suppliers, typically offset only a portion (less than 100%) of the adverse impact. Additionally, Adient's operating model requires long lead times between
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the design and development of products and the launch of production. This lead time requires Adient to secure vendor supply well in advance to minimize launch and production inefficiencies. During such lead times, price commitments are subject to change and could lead to an inability of Adient to fully recover all such price changes.
The capital and credit markets provide Adient with liquidity to operate and grow its business beyond the liquidity that operating cash flows provide. A worldwide economic downturn and/or disruption of the credit markets likely would reduce Adient's access to capital necessary for its operations and executing its strategic plan. Adient's ability to borrow against the ABL Credit Facility is limited to its borrowing base, which consists primarily of accounts receivable, inventory and certain cash account balances. Such working capital account balances fluctuate significantly depending on production levels and operating activities. If Adient's access to capital were to become constrained significantly, or if costs of capital increased significantly, due to lowered credit ratings, prevailing industry conditions, the volatility of the capital markets or other factors, Adient's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows likely would be adversely affected.
Unfavorable changes in the condition of the global automotive industry and the condition of individual automakers may adversely affect Adient's results of operations.
Adient's financial performance depends, in part, on conditions in the automotive industry. Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical and depend on general economic conditions and other factors, including consumer spending and preferences. Automakers may experience a decline in the number of new vehicle sales, whether as a result of economic decline, vehicle affordability, disruptions as a result of changes to trade policies, supply chain disruptions and labor shortages, increasing consumer borrowing rates or for various other reasons. Automakers may also become less cost competitive due to rising input costs, such as labor or raw materials, and thereby experience a loss of demand for their products as consumers shift to lower cost options. The Asia region in particular has experienced higher competitive pressures within the automotive industry from local OEMs in China who are penetrating the industry with new product offerings. These Chinese OEMs are producing vehicles at lower costs, resulting in pricing pressures on the supply chain base and among automaker competitors. As a result, Adient expects modest margin declines as Adient continues to win new business with local OEMs in China. Adient may also experience reductions in orders from these customers, incur write-offs of accounts receivable, incur impairment charges or require additional restructuring actions beyond its current restructuring plans, particularly if any of the automakers cannot adequately fund their operations or experience financial distress. Such adverse changes likely would have a negative impact on Adient's business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, Adient relies in part on its customers’ forecasting of their expected needs, which forecasts can change rapidly and may not be accurate. Any inaccurate forecast data received by customers could also have an adverse impact on Adient’s results of operations.
As a result of macroeconomic factors impacting Adient and the automotive industry, Adient recorded a $333 million non-cash goodwill impairment due to a decline in the fair value of the EMEA reporting unit as of March 31, 2025. The decrease in EMEA’s fair value is driven by lower forecasted vehicle volumes from weakening consumer demand due in part to vehicle affordability, slower consumer adoption of electric vehicles, overcapacity in the industry resulting in pricing pressure, intensifying competition from Chinese imports and lower exports to China from EMEA as domestic brands expand in China. The Americas and Asia reporting units also showed significant declines in fair value, however, the differences between their fair values and carrying values both modestly exceeded 10% at March 31, 2025. The decrease in Americas' fair value is primarily attributable to the direct and indirect impacts stemming from the imposition of U.S. and foreign tariffs, and the decrease in Asia's fair value is primarily attributable to market share loss for foreign/luxury OEMs in the region combined with modest expected margin declines as Adient continues to win new business with local OEMs in China. The fair values in both America and Asia reporting units show higher levels as of September 30, 2025 resulting in greater levels of fair value in excess of carrying values. Adient will continuously assess the changing macroeconomic conditions in all regions including the outlook for consumer demand for vehicles and other factors impacting the region, along with the need for further restructuring actions, all of which impact Adient’s ability to achieve its projected long-term operating performance. Refer to Note 6, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Risks associated with joint venture partnerships may adversely affect Adient's business and financial results.
Adient has several joint ventures worldwide and may enter into additional joint ventures in the future. Adient's joint venture partners may at any time have economic, business or legal interests or goals that are inconsistent with Adient's goals or with the goals of the joint venture which could lead to, among other things, dissolution, liquidation and/or modification of the joint venture terms. Adient may compete against its joint venture partners in certain of its markets and certain negotiations with its customers may negatively impact its joint venture business with those same customers. Disagreements with Adient's business partners may impede Adient's ability to maximize the benefits of its partnerships and/or may consume management time and other resources to negotiate, and which could lead to, among other things, dissolution, liquidation and/or modification of the joint venture terms. Adient's joint venture arrangements may require Adient, among other matters, to pay certain costs or to
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make certain capital investments or to seek its joint venture partner's consent to take certain actions. Adient does not control the ability to collect cash dividends from its non-consolidated joint ventures. In addition, Adient does not control the financial reporting of its non-consolidated joint ventures, which may impact its ability to complete its financial statements in a timely or accurate manner. Delays in the collection of dividends, even by a few days, could adversely affect Adient's financial position and cash flows. Adient's joint venture partners may be unable or unwilling to meet their economic or other obligations under the operative documents, and Adient may be required to either fulfill those obligations alone to ensure the ongoing success of a joint venture or to dissolve and liquidate a joint venture. Further, joint venture partnerships are subject to renewal or expiration at various times. The failure to renew or extend the terms of Adient’s joint venture partnerships could impact other areas of Adient’s business, including its business relationships. The above risks, if realized, could result in a material adverse effect on Adient's business and financial results.
Furthermore, non-consolidated joint ventures present various risks, including the risk that Adient may be slower or less able to identify or react to problems affecting its non-consolidated joint ventures than Adient would for a wholly-owned subsidiary or consolidated joint venture. In addition, these arrangements may cause Adient to be slower to detect compliance related problems and make its design of effective internal controls more challenging. Each of these challenges may be more costly to implement, and the risk of failure potentially higher, than would be the case in a more centralized structure. Depending on the nature of the problems, the failure to identify, detect or react could materially adversely affect Adient’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks associated with Adient's non-U.S. operations could adversely affect Adient's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Adient has significant operations in a number of countries outside the U.S., some of which are located in emerging markets. Long-term economic or political uncertainty in some of the regions of the world in which Adient operates, such as Asia, South America and Europe and other emerging markets, could result in the disruption of markets and negatively affect cash flows from Adient's operations to cover its capital needs and debt service requirements.
In addition, as a result of Adient's global presence, a significant portion of its revenues and expenses is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Adient is therefore subject to foreign currency risks and foreign exchange exposure. While Adient employs financial instruments to hedge some of its transactional foreign exchange exposure, these activities do not insulate Adient completely from those exposures. Exchange rates can be volatile and could adversely impact Adient's financial results and the comparability of results from period to period. Adient’s use of financial instruments to limit this risk is guided by strict policies and processes and the success of Adient’s hedging programs depends primarily on the performance of the business in comparison with Adient’s forecasted sales proceeds and costs. If the forecast and other related factors are incorrect, the transactions entered into may have an adverse impact on Adient’s financial results. No assurance can be given that judgment in this respect will be correct.
There are other risks that are inherent in Adient's non-U.S. operations, including the potential for changes in socioeconomic conditions, laws and regulations, including sanctions, import, export, direct and indirect taxes, value-added taxes, labor and environmental laws, and monetary and fiscal policies; protectionist measures that may prohibit acquisitions or joint ventures, or impact trade volumes; unsettled political conditions or instability; government-imposed plant or other operational shutdowns; backlash from foreign labor organizations related to Adient's restructuring actions; asset freezes and seizures; corruption; natural and man-made disasters; global health epidemics (such as COVID-19); hazards and losses; armed conflict, territorial disputes or acts of aggression in Asia, South America, Europe or otherwise; violence, civil and labor unrest; and possible terrorist attacks.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 resulted in significant uncertainty and instability in global supply chains and availability of certain commodities and raw materials. Although Adient has no operations in Ukraine and its operation in Russia has since been disposed, certain of its suppliers as well as customers depend on commodities and other material supplies that originate in Ukraine or Russia. In response to Russia’s invasion in Ukraine, a number of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom and members of the European Union, have implemented economic sanctions on Russia and certain Russian enterprises including several large banks. The conflict also led to increases in the cost of energy and the potential for energy shortages, especially in Europe. If the conflict continues or expands, it may trigger a series of additional economic and other sanctions which in turn could further disrupt the global automotive supply chains by limiting supplies of key components and increasing inflationary pressures. This ongoing conflict, along with other geopolitical uncertainties such as the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, could have broader adverse impacts on macroeconomic factors that impact Adient's business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.
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Adient's business in China is subject to aggressive competition and is sensitive to economic and market conditions.
Maintaining a strong position in the Chinese market is a key component of Adient's strategy. Adient's business in China is conducted through both consolidated subsidiaries and nonconsolidated joint ventures. The automotive supply market in China is highly competitive, with competition from many of the largest global manufacturers and numerous smaller domestic manufacturers. As the size of the Chinese market evolves and as Chinese OEMs penetrate other markets around the globe, often with lower-cost products, Adient anticipates that market participants will act aggressively to increase or maintain their market share. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins and Adient's inability to gain or hold market share. Further, new relationships need to be developed in order to become the supplier of choice for the new Chinese OEMs, along with careful assessment of which local OEMs will exist and thrive over the long-term due to the competitive pressures within the industry. In addition to the risks imposed by U.S. economic trade policy discussed further below, Adient's business in China is sensitive to economic, political and market conditions that drive automotive sales volumes in China. If Adient is unable to maintain its position in the Chinese market, or if vehicle sales in China decrease or do not continue to increase, then Adient's business and financial results may be adversely affected. Also, if Chinese OEMs continue to expand into other markets and regions, Adient’s business and financial results may be adversely affected if Adient does not have the same level of content on Chinese OEM vehicles.
Recent changes in U.S. administrative policy, including increases in tariffs and any changes in international trade relations or trade agreements, may have an adverse effect on Adient.
There is continued uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries with respect to tariffs, trade policies, government regulations, treaties and trade agreements. Recent changes in U.S. administrative policy have led to significant increases in tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., particularly tariffs on products manufactured in Europe, Mexico and China. These tariffs, and additional proposed tariffs or other restrictive changes, have resulted, and may further result, in retaliatory trade measures in response to such actions and ongoing uncertainty regarding existing trade agreements, greater restrictions on free trade generally, and prohibitions or restrictions on the import of certain automobiles and components into the U.S., among other possible changes. Further governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements, a trade war, changes in U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries where Adient currently manufactures and sells products, and any resulting negative sentiments towards the U.S. as a result of such changes, would likely have an adverse effect on Adient's business, financial condition or results of operations. To the extent that Adient incurs incremental tariffs, Adient will need to recover such tariffs from its customers, and there is no guarantee such recoveries will occur. As of September 30, 2025, Adient’s results were negatively impacted by $17 million, net of recoveries, related to the recent enactment of U.S. tariffs.
The regulation of Adient's international operations, and any failure of Adient to comply with those regulations, could adversely affect its business, results of operations and reputation.
Due to Adient's global operations, Adient is subject to many laws governing international relations and its international operations, including laws that prohibit improper payments to government officials and commercial customers and that restrict where Adient can do business, what information or products Adient can import and export to and from certain countries and what information Adient can provide to a non-U.S. government. These laws include but are not limited to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the Irish Criminal Justice (“Corruption Offences”) Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, the U.S. Export Administration Act and U.S. and international economic sanctions and money laundering regulations. Adient has internal policies and procedures relating to compliance with such laws; however, there is a risk that such policies and procedures will not always protect Adient from the improper acts of employees, agents, business partners, joint venture partners or representatives, particularly in the case of recently acquired operations that may not have significant training in applicable compliance policies and procedures. Violations of these laws, which are complex, may result in criminal penalties, sanctions and/or fines, and may also result in costly and time-consuming governmental investigations, any or all of which could have an adverse effect on Adient's business, financial condition and results of operations and reputation. In addition, Adient is subject to antitrust laws in various countries throughout the world. Changes in these laws or their interpretation, administration or enforcement may occur over time. Any such changes may limit Adient's future acquisitions, divestitures or operations. Violations of antitrust laws may result in penalties, sanctions and/or fines, and may also result in costly and time-consuming governmental investigations, any or all of which could have an adverse effect on Adient's business, financial condition and results of operations and reputation.
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Risks Related to Adient's Operations
Increases in the costs and restrictions on the availability of raw materials, energy, commodities, freight, labor and product components could adversely affect Adient's financial performance.
Raw material, energy, commodity, freight and labor costs can be volatile. Although Adient has developed and implemented strategies to mitigate the impact of higher raw material, energy, commodity, freight and labor costs, these strategies, together with commercial negotiations with Adient's customers and suppliers, may only offset a portion of the adverse impact. Certain of these strategies also may limit Adient's opportunities in a declining commodity environment. In addition, the availability of raw materials, commodities, transportation and product components fluctuates from time to time due to factors outside of Adient's control. Due to a variety of global factors, the automotive industry has experienced, and may continue to experience, supply chain disruptions, mainly from other automotive suppliers, due to production downtime and insufficient availability of raw materials, components and labor. As a result of these disruptions, the automotive industry has seen volatility in the volume of automobile production, which has resulted in, and may continue to result in, decreased sales, without a corresponding decrease in labor costs, for Adient. In addition, the automotive industry has seen periods of price increases for commodities, primarily related to steel, and to a lesser extent petrochemicals, and energy costs in Europe. Adient has also experienced constrained labor availability which has resulted in wage inflationary pressures, both internally and at key vendors. Given the United Auto Workers’ (“UAW”) strategy of targeted strikes, Adient may see increased pressure for wage and benefit increases in the U.S. These increases may continue into the future as demand increases and as supply may remain constrained, which has resulted in, and may continue to result in, increased costs for Adient. If the costs of raw materials, energy, commodities, freight costs, labor costs and product components increase or the availability thereof is restricted, it could adversely affect Adient's financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Adient operates in the highly competitive automotive supply industry which requires capital expenditures to support customer launch plans and growth.
The global automotive component supply industry is highly competitive. Competition is based primarily on price, technology, quality, delivery and overall customer service. There can be no assurance that Adient's products will be able to compete successfully with the products of Adient's competitors. Furthermore, the evolving nature of the markets in which Adient competes, including the evolution towards electric vehicles along with the autonomous vehicle market and consumer preferences for mobility on demand services, such as car- and ride-sharing, may attract new entrants. Additionally, consolidation in the automotive industry may lead to decreased product purchases from Adient.
As a result, Adient's sales levels and margins could be adversely affected by pricing pressures from OEMs and pricing actions of competitors. In addition, Adient is required to spend capital resources to facilitate growth as automotive markets evolve; however, there is no guarantee that profitable growth will occur as a result of such expenditures due to customer platform sales and performance. These factors may also lead to selective resourcing of business to competitors. Adient's competitors may develop, design or duplicate technologies that compete with Adient's owned or licensed intellectual property. Developments or assertions by or against Adient relating to intellectual property rights, or any inability to protect Adient's rights, could have an adverse impact on its business and competitive position. In addition, any of Adient's competitors may foresee the course of market development more accurately than Adient, develop products that are superior to Adient's products, produce similar products at a lower cost than Adient, or adapt more quickly than Adient to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. Adient cannot provide assurances that certain of Adient’s products will not become obsolete or that Adient will be able to achieve the technological advances that may be necessary to remain competitive. As a result, Adient's products may not be able to compete successfully with its competitors' products and Adient may not be able to meet the growing demands of customers or achieve its sales and profitability growth targets. In addition, Adient’s customers may increase levels of production insourcing for a variety of reasons, such as shifts in customers’ business strategies or the emergence of low-cost production opportunities in other countries. These trends may adversely affect Adient's sales as well as the profit margins on Adient's products.
Adient's profitability and results of operations may be adversely affected by a significant failure or inability to comply with the specifications and manufacturing requirements of its OEM customers or by program launch difficulties.
Adient's business faces the production demands and requirements of its OEM customers, as described in Item 1, “Business” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As a result of safety and environmental regulations, as well as a trend of more rapid customer preference changes, OEMs are requiring suppliers like Adient to respond faster with new designs and product innovations. A significant failure or inability to comply with customer specifications and manufacturing requirements or delays or other problems with existing or new products often results in financial penalties, increased costs, loss of sales, loss of
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customers or potential breaches of customer contracts, which likely would have an adverse effect on Adient's profitability and results of operations.
In addition, to the extent Adient experiences product launch difficulties (which could be the result of a wide range of factors, including the production readiness of Adient's and its suppliers' manufacturing facilities and manufacturing processes, as well as factors related to tooling, equipment, employees, initial product quality and other factors), vehicle production at Adient’s customers could be significantly delayed or shut down. Such situations could result in significant financial penalties to Adient, a diversion of personnel and financial resources to improving launches rather than investment in continuous process improvement or other growth initiatives, and could result in Adient’s customers shifting work away from Adient to a competitor, all of which could result in loss of revenue, loss of market share and likely would have an adverse effect on Adient’s profitability and cash flows. Adient's failure to successfully launch material new or takeover business, or Adient's inability to accurately estimate the cost to design, develop and launch new or takeover business, likely would have an adverse effect on Adient's profitability and results of operations.
Adient may not be able to successfully negotiate pricing and other terms with its customers or may be unable to achieve product cost reductions that offset customer-imposed price reductions, both of which may adversely affect its results of operations.
Adient negotiates sales price adjustments and other contractual terms periodically with its automotive customers. There is no guarantee that Adient will be able to successfully negotiate pricing or other terms that are favorable or beneficial to Adient. Further, any cost-cutting initiatives that its customers adopt generally result in increased downward pressure on pricing. If Adient is unable to generate sufficient production or supply chain cost savings in the future to offset price reductions, Adient's results of operations may be adversely affected. In particular, large commercial settlements with Adient's customers likely would adversely affect Adient's results of operations. In addition, Adient must negotiate contract and other program changes during the life of customer programs to address situations unforeseen at the beginning of the program, including those relating to labor shortages and material cost increases. The inability of Adient to negotiate these contract or program changes in a manner favorable to Adient could also adversely affect Adient’s results of operations.
Work stoppages, including those at Adient’s customers, and similar events could significantly disrupt Adient's business.
Because the automotive industry relies heavily on just-in-time delivery of components during the assembly and manufacture of vehicles, a work stoppage at one or more of Adient's manufacturing and assembly facilities could have adverse effects on the business. Similarly, if one or more of Adient's customers were to experience a work stoppage resulting in ongoing supply chain disruptions, or otherwise, that customer would likely halt or limit purchases of Adient's products, which could result in the shutdown of the related Adient manufacturing facilities and/or other cost-reduction initiatives. In certain instances, Adient may be unable to adjust its staffing levels to correspond to a customer’s work stoppage such that Adient incurs increased labor costs along with a decrease in production. A significant disruption in the supply of a key component due to a work stoppage at one of Adient's suppliers or any other supplier could have the same consequences, and accordingly, have an adverse effect on Adient's financial results.
Adient may be unable to realize the expected benefits of its restructuring actions, which could adversely affect its profitability and operations.
In order to align Adient's resources with its strategies, operate more efficiently and control costs and to realign its businesses, with customer and market needs and operating conditions, Adient has periodically announced, and in the future may continue to announce, restructuring plans, which may include workforce reductions, global plant closures and consolidations, asset impairments and other cost reduction initiatives. In each of the last seven fiscal years, Adient announced restructurings related to cost reduction initiatives, which included workforce reductions, plant closures and asset impairments. Adient may undertake additional restructuring actions, including plant closures and workforce reductions in the future, particularly in EMEA where Adient is closely monitoring macroeconomic conditions and customer production plans. As these plans and actions are complex, unforeseen factors could result in expected savings and benefits to be delayed or not realized to the full extent planned (if at all), and Adient's operations and business may be disrupted, which likely would adversely affect Adient's financial condition, operating results and cash flow. Furthermore, to the extent such initiatives involve workforce changes, such changes may temporarily reduce workforce productivity, which could be disruptive to Adient’s business and adversely affect results of operations.
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A failure of Adient's information technology (“IT”) and data security infrastructure or the unsuccessful adoption of new technology such as artificial intelligence could adversely impact Adient's business, operations and reputation.
Adient relies upon the capacity, reliability and security of its IT and data security infrastructure, as well as its ability to expand and continually update this infrastructure in response to the changing needs of its business. If Adient experiences a problem with the functioning of an important IT system or a security breach of Adient's IT systems, including a potential ransomware attack, due to failure to timely upgrade systems or during system upgrades and/or new system implementations, the resulting disruptions could have an adverse effect on Adient's business.
Adient and certain of its third-party vendors receive and store personal information in connection with Adient's human resources operations and other aspects of Adient's business. Despite Adient's implementation of security measures, Adient's IT systems, like those of other companies, are vulnerable to damages from computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access, cyber attack, ransomware attack, and other similar disruptions. Any system failure, accident or cyber security breach or incident could result in disruptions to Adient's operations. A material network breach in the security of Adient's IT systems could lead to the theft of Adient's intellectual property, trade secrets, customer information, human resources information or other confidential information. To the extent that any disruptions or security breach results in a loss or damage to Adient's data, or an inappropriate disclosure of confidential, proprietary or customer information, it could cause significant damage to Adient's reputation, affect Adient's relationships with its customers and vendors, lead to claims against Adient and ultimately harm its business. In addition, Adient may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.
In addition, legislators and/or regulators in countries in which Adient operates are increasingly adopting or revising privacy, information security and data protection laws. In particular, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation and the China security law both have extra-territorial scope. Violations of such laws and regulations may result in penalties, sanctions and/or fines, and may also result in costly and time-consuming governmental investigations, any or all of which could have an adverse effect on Adient's business, financial condition and results of operations and reputation.
Adient is increasingly incorporating automation and artificial intelligence capabilities into the development of technologies and business operations, and into products and services. Artificial intelligence technology is complex and rapidly evolving, and may subject Adient to significant competitive, legal, regulatory, operational and other risks. The implementation of artificial intelligence can be costly and there is no guarantee that Adient’s use of artificial intelligence will enhance its technologies, benefit its business operations, or produce products and services that are preferred by its customers. Adient’s competitors may be more successful in their artificial intelligence strategy and develop superior products and services with the aid of artificial intelligence technology. Additionally, artificial intelligence algorithms or training methodologies may be flawed, and datasets may contain irrelevant, insufficient or biased information, which can cause errors in outputs. This may give rise to legal liability, reputational damage, and materially harm Adient’s business. The use of artificial intelligence in the development of Adient’s products and services could also cause loss of intellectual property, as well as subject it to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy and cybersecurity. Additionally, market adoption of artificial intelligence technology could be impaired by ethical and other issues inherent in the technology, which could impair demand for Adient’s products and services. Furthermore, the U.S. and other countries may adopt laws and regulations related to artificial intelligence. Such laws and regulations could cause Adient to incur greater compliance costs and limit the use of artificial intelligence in the development of its products and services. Any failure or perceived failure by Adient to comply with such regulatory requirements could subject Adient to legal liabilities, reputational damage, or otherwise have a material and adverse impact on Adient’s business.
Negative or unexpected tax consequences could adversely affect Adient's results of operations.
Adverse changes in the underlying profitability and financial outlook of Adient's operations in several jurisdictions could lead to additional changes in Adient's valuation allowances against deferred tax assets and other tax reserves on Adient's statements of financial position. Additionally, changes in tax laws in Ireland, the U.S. or in other countries where Adient has significant operations could materially affect deferred tax assets and liabilities on Adient's statements of financial position and income tax provision on Adient's statements of income (loss).
Adient is also subject to tax audits for both direct and indirect taxes by governmental authorities on a worldwide basis. Governmental authorities have become more aggressive in proposing tax assessments, including interest related to income taxes and transaction taxes such as Value Added Tax (“VAT”). Adient has been experiencing increased levels of discussions with taxing authorities and more aggressive negotiations by the tax authorities as part of tax audits and related inquiries, requiring increased levels of management's focus and attention and resulting in higher levels of uncertainty on tax assessment outcomes. Subsequent to September 30, 2025, Adient initiated a foreign tax audit settlement proposal which, although still under
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negotiation with the foreign tax authorities, is expected to require a non-recurring recognition and payment of approximately $20 million in fiscal 2026. Any further negative unexpected results from one or more such tax audits and related inquiries could have a material adverse affect on Adient's results of operations and cash flows.
If Adient does not respond appropriately, the evolution of the automotive industry towards autonomous vehicles and mobility on demand services could adversely affect Adient’s business.
The automotive industry remains focused on the development of advanced driver assistance technologies, with the goal of developing and introducing a commercially-viable, fully automated driving experience. There are varying consumer preferences for mobility-on-demand services - such as car- and ride-sharing - as opposed to automobile ownership, in part resulting from the evolution of the electric vehicle, which may result in a long-term reduction in the number of vehicles per capita. These evolving areas have also attracted increased competition from entrants outside the traditional automotive industry. If Adient does not continue to innovate to develop or acquire new and compelling products that capitalize upon new technologies in response to OEM and consumer preferences, this could have an adverse impact on Adient’s results of operations.
Adient may incur material losses and costs as a result of warranty and product recall claims and product liability actions that may be brought against Adient.
Adient faces an inherent business risk of exposure to warranty and product recall claims and product liability in the event that its products fail to perform as expected and, in the case of product liability, such failure of its products results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage. Seating systems are safety critical components of vehicles, particularly when safety features are incorporated into seating systems such as side airbags and other restraining systems. Therefore, any failure to produce seating systems that meet safety specifications puts Adient at risk of higher warranty, recall or product liability expense. While Adient will maintain reasonable limits of insurance coverage to appropriately respond to such exposures, large product liability claims, if made, could exceed Adient's insurance coverage limits and insurance may not continue to be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. Adient may incur significant costs to defend these claims or experience product liability losses in the future. If any of Adient's products are or are alleged to be defective, Adient may be required to participate in a recall involving such products. As suppliers become more integrally involved in the vehicle design process and assume more of the vehicle assembly functions, auto manufacturers are increasingly looking to their suppliers for contribution when faced with recalls and product liability claims. A recall claim brought against Adient that is not insured, or a product liability claim brought against Adient in excess of its available insurance, could have an adverse impact on Adient's results of operations. In addition, a recall claim could require Adient to review its entire product portfolio to assess whether similar issues are present in other product lines, which could result in significant disruption to Adient's business and could have an adverse impact on Adient's results of operations.
Auto manufacturers are also increasingly requiring their suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement of such products under new vehicle warranties. Depending on the terms under which Adient supplies products to an auto manufacturer, an auto manufacturer may attempt to hold Adient responsible for some or all of the repair or replacement costs of defective products under new vehicle warranties, when the vehicle manufacturer asserts that the product supplied did not perform as warranted.
Although Adient cannot assure that the future costs of warranty and product recall claims by its customers and product liability claims will not be material, Adient believes its established reserves are adequate to cover potential settlements. Adient's reserves are based on Adient's best estimates of amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims. Adient regularly evaluates the level of these reserves, and adjusts them when appropriate. However, the final amounts determined to be due related to these matters could differ materially from Adient's recorded estimates.
Any changes in consumer credit availability or cost of borrowing could adversely affect Adient's business.
Declines in the availability of consumer credit and increases in consumer borrowing costs have negatively impacted global automotive sales and resulted in lower production volumes in the past. Substantial declines in automotive sales and production by Adient's customers likely would have an adverse effect on Adient's business, results of operations and financial condition.
Global climate change and related emphasis on sustainability matters by various stakeholders could negatively affect Adient's business.
Increased public awareness and concern regarding global climate change may result in more regional and/or federal requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. There continues to be a lack of consistent climate legislation, which creates economic and regulatory uncertainty. Such regulatory uncertainty extends to future incentives for
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 20
energy efficient vehicles and costs of compliance, which may impact the demand for Adient's products and Adient's results of operations.
The effects of climate change, such as extreme weather conditions, create financial risk to Adient's business. For example, the demand for Adient's products and services may be affected by unseasonable weather conditions. Climate changes could also disrupt Adient's operations by impacting the availability and cost of materials needed for manufacturing and could increase insurance and other operating costs. These factors may impact Adient's decisions to construct new facilities or maintain existing facilities in areas most prone to physical climate risks. Adient could also face indirect financial risks passed through the supply chain, and process disruptions due to physical climate changes could result in price modifications for Adient's products and the resources needed to produce them.
Furthermore, customer, investor, regulatory and employee expectations in areas such as sustainability have been rapidly evolving and increasing. Specifically, regulatory bodies around the globe continue to develop sustainability reporting requirements, many of which will be subject to independent audits. Emerging European legislation is requiring detailed emissions data reporting for imported carbon intensive commodities, subject to financial payment mechanisms after a transition period. Further European legislation is requiring extensive value chain diligence for forest related commodities to ensure goods do not result from recent deforestation, forest degradation or breaches of local law. Also, certain customers are beginning to require that Adient provide information on its plans and goals relating to certain climate-related matters such as carbon and greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy. Product design activities for lower carbon emission products must keep pace with customer carbon emission reduction and pricing expectations. The enhanced stakeholder focus on sustainability issues relating to Adient requires the continuous monitoring of various and evolving standards and the associated reporting requirements. A failure to adequately meet regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations or achieve its sustainability-related goals may result in the loss of business, diluted market valuation, an inability to attract customers or an inability to attract and retain top talent.
As of the date of this filing, Adient has made several public commitments regarding the intended reduction of carbon emissions, including commitments to science-based targets to reduce carbon emissions from its operations and the operations of its customers. Although Adient intends to meet these commitments, it may be required to expend significant resources to do so, which could increase its operational costs. Further, there can be no assurance that any of Adient’s commitments will be achieved, or that any future investments it makes to achieve such targets and goals will meet investor expectations or any binding or non-binding legal standards regarding sustainability performance. Moreover, Adient may determine that it is in the best interest of Adient and its shareholders to prioritize other business, social, governance or sustainable investments over the achievement of Adient’s current commitments based on economic, regulatory and social factors, business strategy or pressure from investors, activist groups or other stakeholders. If Adient is unable to meet these commitments, then it could incur adverse publicity and reactions from investors, activist groups and other stakeholders, which could adversely impact the perception of Adient and its products and services by current and potential customers, as well as investors, which could in turn adversely impact its results of operations.
Risks related to Adient's defined benefit retirement plans may adversely impact Adient's results of operations and cash flow.
Significant changes in actual investment return on defined benefit plan assets, discount rates, mortality assumptions and other factors could adversely affect Adient's results of operations and the amounts of contributions Adient must make to its defined benefit plans in future periods. For example, Adient has recorded mark-to-market adjustments on the revaluation of its pension obligations that have significantly impacted its overall results in the past. Generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. require that Adient calculate income or expense for the plans using actuarial valuations. These valuations reflect assumptions about financial markets and interest rates, which may change based on economic conditions. Funding requirements for Adient's defined benefit plans are dependent upon, among other factors, interest rates, underlying asset returns and the impact of legislative or regulatory changes related to defined benefit funding obligations.
Legal proceedings in which Adient is, or may be, a party may adversely affect Adient.
Adient is currently and may in the future become subject to legal proceedings and commercial, contractual or other disputes. These are typically lawsuits, claims and proceedings that arise in the normal course of business including, without limitation, claims pertaining to product liability, product safety, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial, contractual and various other matters. The outcome of such lawsuits, claims or proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and some may be disposed of unfavorably to Adient. There exists the possibility that such claims may have an adverse impact on Adient's results of operations that is greater than Adient anticipates, and/or negatively affect Adient's reputation.
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A downgrade in the ratings of Adient's debt capital could restrict Adient's ability to access the debt capital markets and increase Adient's interest costs.
Unfavorable changes in the ratings that rating agencies assign to Adient's debt may ultimately negatively impact Adient's access to the debt capital markets and increase the costs Adient incurs to borrow funds. Future tightening in the credit markets and a reduced level of liquidity in many financial markets due to turmoil in the financial and banking industries could adversely affect Adient's access to the debt capital markets or the price Adient pays to issue debt. A downgrade in Adient's ratings or volatility in the financial markets causing limitations to the debt capital markets could have an adverse effect on Adient's business or Adient's ability to meet its liquidity needs. There can be no assurance that Adient would be able to obtain additional financing or refinancing and failure to obtain such additional financing or refinancing could have a material adverse impact on Adient’s operations. Adient may incur or assume significantly more debt in the future. If Adient incurs more debt in the future and does not retire existing debt, the risks described above could increase.
Adient's debt obligations could adversely affect Adient's business, profitability and the ability to meet its obligations.
As of September 30, 2025, Adient's total consolidated indebtedness approximated $2.4 billion. This significant amount of debt could potentially have adverse consequences to Adient and its debt and equity investors, including:
•making it more difficult to satisfy other obligations;
•increasing the risk of a future credit ratings downgrade of its debt, which could increase future debt costs and limit the future availability of debt financing;
•increasing Adient's vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•placing Adient at a competitive disadvantage relative to its competitors that may not be as highly leveraged with debt; and
•limiting Adient's ability to borrow additional funds as needed.
Adient's business success depends on attracting and retaining qualified personnel and the attempt to operate under a hybrid working environment may not be successful.
Adient's ability to sustain and grow its business requires it to hire, retain and develop a highly skilled and diverse management team and workforce. Failure to ensure that Adient has the leadership capacity with the necessary skill set and experience could impede Adient's ability to deliver its growth objectives and execute its strategic plan. Organizational and reporting changes as a result of any future leadership transition and corporate initiatives, including restructuring actions, could result in increased turnover. Additionally, any unplanned turnover or inability to attract and retain key employees could have a negative effect on Adient's results of operations. Further, certain of the past austerity measures related to employee compensation, along with the on-going unpredictability of production schedules, could result in employees pursuing other employment opportunities outside of Adient.
Adient is operating under a “hybrid” working environment, meaning that the majority of its non-plant employees have the flexibility to work remotely at least some of the time, for the foreseeable future. The hybrid working environment may impair Adient’s ability to maintain its collaborative and innovative culture, and may cause disruptions among employees, including decreases in productivity, challenges in communications between on-site and off-site employees and, potentially, employee dissatisfaction and attrition. If Adient’s attempts to operate under a hybrid working environment are not successful, its business could be adversely impacted.
Adverse developments affecting, or the financial distress of, one or more of Adient's suppliers or other third-party counterparties could adversely affect Adient's financial performance.
Adient obtains components and other products and services from numerous automotive suppliers and other vendors throughout the world. In addition, Adient is party to various arrangements with third parties who owe Adient money or goods and services, or who purchase goods and services from Adient. Adient is responsible for managing its supply chain, including suppliers that may be the sole sources of products that Adient requires, which Adient's customers direct Adient to use or which have unique capabilities that would make it difficult and/or expensive to re-source. In addition, with fewer sources of supply for certain components, each supplier may perceive that it has greater leverage and, therefore, some ability to seek higher prices at a time that Adient faces substantial pressure from OEMs to reduce the prices of Adient’s products. This could adversely affect customer relations and business. In certain instances entire industries may experience short-term capacity constraints. Additionally, Adient's production capacity, and that of Adient's customers and suppliers, may be adversely affected by natural disasters. Any such significant disruption could adversely affect Adient's financial performance. Unfavorable economic or industry conditions could also result in financial distress within Adient's supply chain or among other third-party counterparties,
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 22
thereby increasing the risk of supply disruption or lost orders. Although market conditions generally have improved in recent years, uncertainty remains and another economic downturn or other unfavorable industry conditions in one or more of the regions in which Adient operates could cause a supply disruption or loss of customer orders and thereby adversely affect Adient's financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
The loss of business with respect to, or the lack of commercial success of, a vehicle model for which Adient is a significant supplier could adversely affect Adient's financial performance.
Although Adient receives purchase orders from its customers, these purchase orders often provide for the supply of a customer's annual requirements for a particular vehicle model and assembly plant, or in some cases, for the supply of a customer's requirements for the life of a particular vehicle model, rather than for the purchase of a specific quantity of products. In addition, it is possible that Adient's customers could elect to manufacture its products internally or increase the extent to which they require Adient to utilize specific suppliers or materials in the manufacture of its products. The loss of business with respect to, the lack of commercial success of or an increase in directed component sourcing for a vehicle model for which Adient is a significant supplier could reduce Adient's sales or margins and thereby adversely affect Adient's financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Shifts in market shares among vehicles, vehicle segments or shifts away from vehicles on which Adient has significant content or overall changes in consumer demand could have an adverse effect on Adient's profitability.
While Adient supplies parts for a wide variety of vehicles produced globally, Adient does not supply parts for all vehicles produced, nor is the number or value of parts evenly distributed among the vehicles for which Adient does supply parts. Shifts in market shares among vehicles or vehicle segments, including as a result of the autonomous vehicle market, particularly shifts away from vehicles on which Adient has significant content and shifts away from vehicle segments in which Adient's sales may be more heavily concentrated, could have an adverse effect on Adient's profitability. Similarly, certain vehicles or vehicle segments Adient supplies may be disproportionately impacted by overall industry disruptions such that Adient’s sales may be adversely effected relative to the industry in general or Adient’s competitors, which could have a negative effect on Adient’s business. Increases in energy costs or other factors (e.g., climate change concerns) may also shift consumer demand away from motor vehicles that typically have higher interior content that Adient supplies, such as light trucks, crossover vehicles, minivans and sports utility vehicles, to smaller vehicles having less interior content. The loss of business with respect to, or a lack of commercial success of, one or more particular vehicle models for which Adient is a significant supplier could reduce Adient's sales and harm Adient's profitability, thereby adversely affecting Adient's results of operations.
Adient may not pay dividends on its ordinary shares, which may impact Adient’s investor base.
Adient currently does not have plans to pay dividends on its ordinary shares. The timing, declaration, amount and payment of future dividends to shareholders will fall within the discretion of Adient's Board of Directors. The Board's decisions regarding the payment of dividends will depend on many factors, such as Adient's financial condition, earnings, sufficiency of distributable reserves, capital requirements, debt service obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors that the board deems relevant. Adient's ability to pay dividends will depend on its ongoing ability to generate cash from operations and access capital markets. Adient cannot guarantee that it will pay dividends in the future which may impact Adient’s investor base.
A variety of other factors could adversely affect Adient's results of operations.
Any of the following could adversely impact Adient's results of operations: the inability of Adient to execute continued actions to improve profitability; the loss of, or changes in, automobile supply contracts, sourcing strategies or customer claims with Adient's major customers or suppliers; increased freight or shipping costs resulting from extreme weather conditions or supply chain disruptions, lack of commodity availability and unfavorable commodity pricing; start-up expenses associated with new vehicle programs or delays or cancellations of such programs; underutilization of Adient's manufacturing facilities, which are generally located near, and devoted to, a particular customer's facility; inability to recover engineering and tooling costs; market and financial consequences of any recalls that may be required on products that Adient has supplied or sold into the automotive aftermarket; delays or difficulties in new product development and integration; quantity and complexity of new program launches, which are subject to Adient's customers' timing, performance, design and quality standards; interruption of supply of certain single-source components; the potential introduction of similar or superior technologies; changing nature and prevalence of Adient's joint ventures and relationships with its strategic business partners; global overcapacity and vehicle platform proliferation; and the implementation of new internal control systems and procedures that fail to achieve accurate financial reporting or that fail to prevent fraudulent activity (such as vendor payments to fraudulent bank accounts).
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Risks Related to Adient’s Jurisdiction of Incorporation
As an Irish public limited company, certain capital structure decisions require shareholder approval, which may limit Adient's flexibility to manage its capital structure.
Irish law provides that a Board of Directors may allot shares (or rights to subscribe for or convertible into shares) only with the prior authorization of shareholders. At Adient’s most recent Annual General Meeting, Adient's shareholders renewed this authorization for a period of 18 months (unless previously renewed, varied or revoked). This authorization will need to be further renewed by ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a simple majority of votes cast, prior to expiration. Adient anticipates seeking another authorization at the next Annual General Meeting and annually thereafter. Should this authorization not be approved, the ability to issue equity could be limited which could adversely affect Adient’s securities holders.
Irish law also generally provides shareholders with preemptive rights when new shares are issued for cash; however, it is possible for shareholders to vote to exclude preemptive rights in a general meeting. At the most recent Annual General Meeting, Adient's shareholders renewed this authorization for a period of 18 months (unless previously renewed, varied or revoked). This authorization will need to be renewed by special resolution, being a resolution passed by not less than 75% of votes cast, upon expiration. Adient anticipates seeking another authorization at the next Annual General Meeting and annually thereafter. Should this authorization not be approved, the ability to issue equity could be limited which could adversely affect Adient’s securities holders.
The laws of Ireland differ from the laws in effect in the U.S. and may afford less protection to holders of Adient securities.
It may not be possible to enforce court judgments obtained in the U.S. against Adient in Ireland based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws. In addition, there is some uncertainty as to whether the courts of Ireland would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against Adient or its directors or officers based on the civil liabilities provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws or hear actions against Adient or those persons based on those laws. The U.S. currently does not have a treaty with Ireland providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters in Ireland. Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any U.S. federal or state court based on civil liability, whether or not based solely on U.S. federal or state securities laws, would not automatically be enforceable in Ireland.
A judgment obtained against Adient will be enforced by the courts of Ireland if the following general requirements are met: (i) U.S. courts must have had jurisdiction in relation to the particular defendant according to Irish conflict of law rules (the submission to jurisdiction by the defendant would satisfy this rule) and (ii) the judgment must be final and conclusive and the decree must be final and unalterable in the court which pronounces it. A judgment can be final and conclusive even if it is subject to appeal or even if an appeal is pending. Where however the effect of lodging an appeal under the applicable law is to stay execution of the judgment, it is possible that in the meantime the judgment may not be actionable in Ireland. It remains to be determined whether final judgment given in default of appearance is final and conclusive. However, Irish courts may refuse to enforce a judgment of the U.S. courts which meets the above requirements for one of the following reasons: (i) if the judgment is not for a definite sum of money; (ii) if the judgment was obtained by fraud; (iii) the enforcement of the judgment in Ireland would be contrary to natural or constitutional justice; (iv) the judgment is contrary to Irish public policy or involves certain U.S. laws which will not be enforced in Ireland; or (v) jurisdiction cannot be obtained by the Irish courts over the judgment debtors in the enforcement proceedings by personal service in Ireland or outside Ireland under Order 11 of the Ireland Superior Courts Rules.
As an Irish company, Adient is governed by the Irish Companies Act 2014, which differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including, among others, differences relating to interested director and officer transactions and shareholder lawsuits. Likewise, the duties of directors and officers of an Irish company generally are owed to Adient only. Shareholders of Irish companies generally do not have a personal right of action against directors or officers of Adient and may exercise such rights of action on behalf of Adient only in limited circumstances. Accordingly, holders of Adient's securities may have more difficulty protecting their interests than would holders of securities of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the U.S.
In addition, the Adient articles of association provide that the Irish courts have exclusive jurisdiction to determine any and all derivative actions in which a holder of Adient ordinary shares asserts a claim in the name of Adient, actions asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty of any of the directors of Adient and actions asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of Irish law or Adient's articles of association. Under Irish law, the proper claimant for wrongs committed against Adient, including by the Adient directors, is considered to be Adient itself. Irish law permits a shareholder to initiate a lawsuit on behalf of a company such as Adient only in limited circumstances, and requires court permission to do so.
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Adient’s effective tax rate could be volatile and materially change as a result of changes in tax laws, mix of earnings and other factors.
A change in tax laws is one of many factors that impact Adient’s effective tax rate. The U.S. Congress, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and other government agencies in jurisdictions where Adient and its affiliates do business have had an extended focus on issues related to the taxation of multinational corporations. One example is in the area of base erosion and profit shifting, including situations where payments are made between affiliates from a jurisdiction with high tax rates to a jurisdiction with lower tax rates. As a result, the tax laws in the U.S. and other countries in which Adient and its affiliates do business could change on a prospective or retroactive basis, and any such changes could adversely impact Adient and its affiliates, including potential adverse impacts to Adient's effective tax rate.
In 2021, the OECD released a framework for the fundamental reform of international tax rules. The framework provides for two primary “Pillars”; however, only Pillar Two, which provides for a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% in each jurisdiction in which the group operates, is expected to be applicable to Adient (Pillar One is not expected to be applicable as Adient does not currently meet the turnover threshold - EUR 20 billion). In December 2022, Pillar Two was adopted by the Council of the European Union for implementation by European Union member states by December 31, 2023, with effect for tax years beginning in calendar year 2024 (Adient’s 2025 fiscal year) and Ireland has enacted national legislation to implement Pillar Two. Similar directives under Pillar Two are already adopted or expected to be adopted by taxing authorities in other countries where Adient does business, with widespread implementation of the global minimum tax in calendar years 2024 and 2025. The OECD, and its member countries, continue to release new guidance on these rules and Adient is continuously evaluating the impact to its financial position. Currently, the global enactment of Pillar Two is not expected to materially impact Adient’s effective tax rate or cash flows. However, Adient will continue to monitor and evaluate new legislation and guidance, which could change the current assessment.
Adient continuously reviews global tax law changes by monitoring legislative and regulatory updates across all jurisdictions in which it operates. Current non-US tax proposals are generally focused on increasing the tax base through the prevention of profit shifting / base erosion, alignment with global minimum tax standards (see above, Pillar Two), closing “loopholes”, enhancing compliance, and introducing new taxes or modifying the existing tax law to limit certain deductions. If these types of proposals (or similar) are ultimately enacted into law, in whole or in part, Adient’s effective rate could be negatively impacted.
Currently, Adient incurs losses in certain countries where it does not receive a financial statement benefit, and Adient operates in countries which have different statutory rates. Consequently, changes in the mix and source of earnings between countries could have a material impact on Adient’s overall effective tax rate.
Adient's ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes may be limited, which could adversely impact its business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.
Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income and taxes may be limited in the United States. In general, an “ownership change” occurs if there is a cumulative change in Adient's ownership by “5% shareholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. If Adient experiences ownership changes as a result of future transactions in its stock, then its ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and other tax assets to reduce taxes owed on the net taxable income that is earned may be further limited. Any such limitations on the ability to use Adient's U.S. net operating loss carryforwards and other tax assets could adversely impact its business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.
Legislative and other proposals that would deny governmental contracts to U.S. companies that move their corporate location abroad may affect Adient if adopted.
Various U.S. federal and state legislative and other proposals that would deny governmental contracts to U.S. companies (and subsidiaries of U.S. companies) that move (or have moved) their corporate location abroad may affect Adient and/or its affiliates if adopted. It is difficult to predict the likelihood that any such proposals might be adopted, the nature of the regulations that might be promulgated, or the effect such adoptions and increased regulatory scrutiny might have on Adient's business.
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Adient's status as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes could be affected by a change in law.
Under current law, Adient is characterized as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and Section 7874 does not apply to Adient or its affiliates as a result of the separation from Johnson Controls International plc (the “Former Parent”) in 2016. However, changes to the rules contained in Section 7874 and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, or other changes in law, could adversely affect Adient's and/or its affiliates' status as foreign corporations for U.S. federal tax purposes, the ability of Adient's U.S. affiliates to use certain attributes or deductions, the Adient group's effective tax rate and/or future tax planning for the Adient group, and any such changes could have prospective or retroactive application to Adient, its shareholders and affiliates, and/or the separation and distribution from the Former Parent.
Prior legislative and other proposals have aimed to expand the scope of U.S. corporate tax residence. Under such proposals, Adient and/or its affiliates could be treated as U.S. corporations if the management and control of Adient or such affiliates were determined to be located primarily in the U.S. In addition, prior legislative and other proposals have aimed to expand the scope of Section 7874, or otherwise address certain perceived issues arising in connection with so-called inversion transactions. Such proposals could cause Adient and/or its affiliates to be treated as U.S. corporations for U.S federal tax purposes. If enacted, such proposals could cause the Adient group to be subject to substantially greater U.S. tax liability than currently contemplated.
Transfers of Adient ordinary shares, other than by means of the transfer of book-entry interests in the Depository Trust Company, may be subject to Irish stamp duty.
It is expected that, for the majority of transfers of Adient ordinary shares, there will not be any Irish stamp duty. Transfers of Adient ordinary shares effected by means of the transfer of book-entry interests in the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) are not subject to Irish stamp duty. But if Adient ordinary shares are held directly rather than beneficially through DTC, any transfer of Adient ordinary shares could be subject to Irish stamp duty (currently at the rate of 1% of the higher of the price paid or the market value of the shares acquired). A shareholder who directly holds Adient ordinary shares may transfer those shares into his or her own broker account to be held through DTC (or vice versa) without giving rise to Irish stamp duty provided that there is no change in the beneficial ownership of the shares as a result of the transfer and the transfer is not in contemplation of a sale of the shares by a beneficial owner to a third-party.
Payment of Irish stamp duty is generally a legal obligation of the transferee. The potential for stamp duty could adversely affect the price of Adient ordinary shares.
Certain provisions in Adient's articles of association, among other things, could prevent or delay an acquisition of Adient, which could decrease the trading price of Adient ordinary shares.
Adient’s articles of association include measures that may be found in the charters of U.S. companies and that could have the effect of deterring coercive takeover practices, inadequate takeover bids and unsolicited offers. These provisions include, among others: (i) the power for the Board of Directors to issue and allot preferred shares or implement a shareholder rights plan without shareholder approval in certain circumstances; (ii) a provision similar to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which provides that, subject to limited exceptions, persons that acquire, or are affiliated with a person that acquires, more than 15 percent of the outstanding ordinary shares of Adient shall not engage in any business combination with Adient, including by merger, consolidation or acquisitions of additional shares, for a three-year period following the date on which that person or its affiliates becomes the holder of more than 15 percent of Adient's outstanding ordinary shares; (iii) rules regarding how shareholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at shareholder meetings; and (iv) the ability of the Adient Board of Directors to fill vacancies on the Board of Directors in certain circumstances.
It could be difficult for Adient to obtain shareholder approval for a merger or negotiated transaction because the shareholder approval requirements for certain types of transactions differ, and in some cases are greater, under Irish law than under U.S. state law.
In addition, several mandatory provisions of Irish law could prevent or delay an acquisition of Adient. For example, Adient will be subject to various provisions of Irish law relating to mandatory bids, voluntary bids, requirements to make a cash offer and minimum price requirements, as well as substantial acquisition rules and rules requiring the disclosure of interests in Adient ordinary shares in certain circumstances. Also, Irish companies, including Adient, may only alter their memorandum of association and articles of association with the approval of the holders of at least 75% of Adient's shares present and voting in person or by proxy at a general meeting of Adient (and certain provisions of Adient's memorandum of association and articles of association may only be amended with the approval of the holders of at least 80% in nominal value of Adient's issued ordinary shares).
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Irish law requires that Adient meet certain additional financial requirements before it declares dividends.
Under Irish law, Adient will be able to declare dividends and make distributions only out of “distributable reserves.” Distributable reserves are the accumulated realized profits of Adient that have not previously been utilized in a distribution or capitalization less accumulated realized losses that have not previously been written off in a reduction or reorganization of capital, and include reserves created by way of a reduction of capital, including the share premium account. In addition, no distribution or dividend may be paid or made by Adient unless the net assets of Adient are equal to, or exceed, the aggregate of Adient's called up share capital plus non-distributable reserves and the distribution does not reduce Adient's net assets below such aggregate. Non-distributable reserves include the share premium account, the capital redemption reserve fund and the amount by which Adient's accumulated unrealized profits that have not been previously utilized by any capitalization exceed Adient's accumulated unrealized losses that have not previously been written off in a reduction or reorganization of capital.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
The following table sets forth Adient's principal owned and leased facilities as of September 30, 2025.
Number of Locations
Operations Administrative
Owned Leased Total Owned Leased Total
United States 17 10 27 2 1 3
Mexico 8 12 20 1 1 2
Germany 3 9 12 1 6 7
Thailand 3 10 13 - - -
China 5 24 29 - 3 3
Czech Republic 3 4 7 - 1 1
Japan 5 2 7 2 1 3
Other EMEA 26 23 49 - 9 9
Other Asia 5 21 26 - 5 5
Other Americas 7 1 8 - - -
82 116 198 6 27 33
Adient considers its facilities suitable and adequate for the purposes for which they are used and do not anticipate difficulty in renewing existing leases as they expire or in finding alternative facilities. See Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Note 8, “Leases,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding lease commitments.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Adient is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product liability, product safety, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, commercial, contractual and various other matters. Although the outcome of any such lawsuit, claim or proceeding cannot be predicted with certainty and some may be disposed of unfavorably to Adient, it is management's opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on Adient's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Adient accrues for potential liabilities in a manner consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., that is, when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. Further details regarding Adient’s commitments and contingencies are provided in Part II, Item 8 of this Form-10K in Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Principal Market
Adient's ordinary shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “ADNT.”
Holders
As of September 30, 2025, there were 21,617 shareholders of record.
Dividends
Adient suspended its cash dividends following the dividend paid in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Any future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon Adient's financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, alternative uses of capital and other factors the Board of Directors may consider at its discretion. In addition, under Irish law, dividends and distributions (including the payment of cash dividends or share repurchases) may be made only from “distributable reserves” on Adient's unconsolidated balance sheet prepared in accordance with the Irish Companies Act 2014. In addition, no distribution or dividend may be paid or made by Adient unless the net assets of Adient are equal to, or exceed, the aggregate of Adient's share capital that has been paid up or that is payable in the future plus non-distributable reserves, and the distribution does not reduce Adient's net assets below such aggregate.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities
None.
Repurchases of Equity Securities
In November 2022, Adient’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of Adient’s ordinary shares up to an aggregate purchase price of $600 million with no expiration date. Under the share repurchase authorization, Adient’s ordinary shares may be purchased either through discretionary purchases on the open market, by block trades or privately negotiated transactions. The number of ordinary shares repurchased, if any, and the timing of repurchases will depend on a number of factors, including share price, trading volume and general market conditions, as well as on working capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors. During fiscal 2024, Adient repurchased $275 million of its ordinary shares at an average purchase price per share of $29.18, retiring 9,424,668 shares. During fiscal 2025, Adient repurchased $125 million of its ordinary shares at an average purchase price per share of $20.44, retiring 6,115,932 shares. As of September 30, 2025, Adient has a remaining repurchase authorization of $135 million.
Share repurchase activity during the three months ended September 30, 2025 was as follows:
Periods Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value of Shares (or Units) that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
(in millions)(1)
July 1 to July 31, 2025 - $ - - $ 185
August 1 to August 31, 2025 2,101,522 23.79 2,101,522 135
September 1 to September 30, 2025 - - - 135
2,101,522 $ 23.79 2,101,522 $ 135
Stock Performance Graph
The following information in this Item 5 is not deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 30
Act of 1934, and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent Adient specifically incorporates it by reference into such a filing.
The following graph shows a comparison of cumulative total shareholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, for Adient’s ordinary shares, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, the Dow Jones US Auto Parts Index and a peer group for September 30, 2020 through September 30, 2025. The graph assumes the value of the investment in Adient's ordinary shares and each index was $100 on September 30, 2020, and that all dividends were reinvested. Historic stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. Adient selected a peer group comprised of representative independent automotive suppliers whose common stock is publicly traded. The peer group referenced in the graph below consists of Autoliv, Inc., BorgWarner, Inc., Cooper-Standard Holding, Inc., Forvia SE, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Huayu Automotive Systems Co. Ltd., Lear Corporation, Magna International Inc., and Toyota Boshoku Corporation.
*$100 invested on 9/30/20 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending September 30.
Copyright© 2025 Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.
Copyright© 2025 Dow Jones. All rights reserved.
Sep/2020 Sep/2021 Sep/2022 Sep/2023 Sep/2024 Sep/2025
Adient plc $ 100 $ 239 $ 160 $ 212 $ 130 $ 139
S&P 500 $ 100 $ 130 $ 110 $ 134 $ 182 $ 214
Dow Jones US Auto Parts $ 100 $ 138 $ 98 $ 118 $ 98 $ 109
Peer Group $ 100 $ 141 $ 97 $ 125 $ 108 $ 133

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 31

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Presentation of Information
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Adient plc” or “Adient” refer to Adient plc and its consolidated subsidiaries. The information presented herein are based on management’s perspective of Adient’s results of operations.
Forward-Looking Statements
Adient has made statements in this section and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are management’s perspective of forward-looking information and, therefore, are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements in this Form 10-K other than statements of historical fact are statements that are, or could be, deemed “forward-looking statements”, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In this Form 10-K, statements regarding Adient's future financial position, sales, costs, earnings, cash flows, other measures of results of operations, capital expenditures or debt levels and plans, objectives, outlook, targets, guidance or goals are forward-looking statements. Words such as “future,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “should,” “forecast,” “predict,” “project” or “plan” or terms of similar meaning are also generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Adient cautions that these statements are subject to numerous important risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors, some of which are beyond Adient’s control, that could cause Adient’s actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, among others, risks related to: the effects of local and national economic, credit and capital market conditions (including the persistence of high interest rates, vehicle affordability and volatile currency exchange rates) on the global economy, increased competitive pressures in the EMEA and Asia regions from Chinese OEMs, uncertainties in U.S. administrative policy regarding trade agreements, tariffs and other international trade relations, automotive vehicle production levels, mix and schedules, as well as the concentration of exposure to certain automotive manufacturers particularly new entrants in the China market, shifts in market shares among vehicles, vehicle segments or away from vehicles on which Adient has significant content, changes in consumer demand, risks associated with Adient’s joint ventures, volatile energy markets, Adient’s ability and timing of customer recoveries for increased input costs, the availability of raw materials and component products (including components required by Adient’s customers for the manufacture of vehicles), risks associated with warranty and product recall and product liability exposures, geopolitical uncertainties such as the Ukraine and Middle East conflicts and the impact on the regional and global economies and additional pressure on supply chain and vehicle production, the ability of Adient to effectively launch new business at forecast and profitable levels, the ability of Adient to successfully identify suitable opportunities for organic investment and/or acquisitions and to integrate such investments and/or acquisitions, work stoppages, including due to strikes, supply chain disruptions and similar events, wage inflationary pressures due to labor shortages and new labor negotiations, the ability of Adient to execute its restructuring plans and achieve the desired benefit, the ability of Adient to meet debt service requirements and terms of future financing, the impact of global tax reform legislation, the impact of more aggressive positions taken by tax authorities, potential adjustment of the value of deferred tax assets, global climate change and related emphasis on sustainability matters by various stakeholders, and the ability of Adient to achieve its sustainability-related goals, cancellation of, or changes to, commercial arrangements, and the ability of Adient to identify, recruit and retain key leadership. Factors that might cause differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part 1, Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors,” which are incorporated herein by reference. All information presented herein is based on Adient's fiscal calendar. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months or periods refer to Adient's fiscal years ended in September and the associated quarters, months and periods of those fiscal years. The forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are made only as of the date of this report, unless otherwise specified, and, except as required by law, Adient assumes no obligation, and disclaims any obligation, to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Form 10-K.
Overview
Adient is a global leader in the automotive seating supply industry and maintains relationships with the largest global automotive original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. Adient's proprietary technologies extend into virtually every area of automotive seating solutions, including complete seating systems, frames, mechanisms, foam, head restraints, armrests and trim covers. Adient is an independent seat supplier with global scale and the capability to design, develop, engineer, manufacture and deliver complete seat systems and components in every major automotive producing region in the world.
Adient designs, manufactures and markets a full range of seating systems and components for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and light trucks, including vans, pick-up trucks and sport/crossover utility vehicles. Adient operates approximately 200 wholly- and majority-owned manufacturing, assembly or sequencing facilities, with operations in 29 countries. Additionally, Adient has partially-owned affiliates in China, Asia, Europe and North America. Through its global footprint and vertical integration, Adient leverages its capabilities to drive growth in the automotive seating industry.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 32
Adient manages its business on a geographic basis and operates in the following three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: 1) Americas, which is inclusive of North America and South America; 2) Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and 3) Asia Pacific/China (“Asia”).
Adient evaluates the performance of its reportable segments using an adjusted EBITDA metric defined as income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding net financing charges, restructuring and impairment costs, restructuring-related costs, net mark-to-market adjustments on pension plans, transaction gains/losses, purchase accounting amortization, depreciation, stock-based compensation and other non-recurring items (“Adjusted EBITDA”). Also, certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments. The reportable segments are consistent with how management views the markets served by Adient and reflect the financial information that is reviewed by its chief operating decision maker. Refer to Note 17, “Segment Information,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on Adient's reportable segments.
Factors Affecting Adient’s Operating Environment
Adient, along with the automotive industry, faces uncertainties surrounding future production volume within the automotive industry. These uncertainties are the result of a combination of factors including weakening consumer demand due in part to vehicle affordability, the direct and indirect impacts resulting from the imposition of U.S. and foreign tariffs, market share loss for foreign/luxury OEMs in the Asia reporting unit combined with modest expected margin declines as Adient continues to win new business with local OEMs in China, intensifying competition from Chinese imports and lower exports to China from EMEA as domestic brands expand in China, overcapacity in the EMEA reporting unit resulting in pricing pressure, continued disruptions caused by slower EV adoption rates, and interruptions from other suppliers due to production downtime and shortages of critical components or raw materials. Adient has also been experiencing increased levels of discussions with taxing authorities and more aggressive negotiations by the tax authorities as part of tax audits and related inquiries, resulting in higher levels of uncertainty on tax assessment outcomes. These factors are expected to continue to exist into fiscal 2026 at varying degrees which will continue to negatively impact Adient’s results for the foreseeable future. Refer to the consolidated results of operations and segment analysis discussion below for additional information on the impacts of these items on Adient's results.
Global Automotive Industry
Adient conducts its business globally in the automotive industry, which is highly competitive and sensitive to economic, political and social factors in the various regions. During fiscal 2025, global light vehicle production increased 3.0%, driven by improved vehicle sales and stronger export activity in China, partially offset by reduced production volumes in North America and EMEA. The current operating environment varies by region, being impacted by weakening consumer demand due to new vehicle affordability and high interest rates along with slower electric vehicle adoption rates.
Light vehicle production levels by geographic region are provided below:
Light Vehicle Production
(units in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Global 92.1 3.0 % 89.4 1.5 % 88.1
North America 15.3 -1.9 % 15.6 0.6 % 15.5
South America 3.1 10.7 % 2.8 -6.7 % 3.0
Europe 16.9 -3.4 % 17.5 -1.1 % 17.7
China 32.5 10.2 % 29.5 7.7 % 27.4
Asia, excluding China 24.3 1.3 % 24.0 -2.0 % 24.5
Source: S&P Global, October 2025
Financial Results Summary
Significant aspects of Adient's financial results for fiscal 2025 include the following:
•Adient recorded net sales of $14,535 million for fiscal 2025, representing a decrease of $153 million, or 1.0%, when compared to fiscal 2024. The decrease in net sales is primarily attributable to lower overall production volumes in EMEA,
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 33
net of higher production volumes in Americas and Asia and unfavorable material economics recoveries, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies and favorable commercial pricing adjustments.
•Gross profit was $961 million, or 6.6% of net sales, for fiscal 2025 compared to $928 million, or 6.3% of net sales for fiscal 2024. Profitability, including gross profit as a percentage of net sales, was higher due primarily to favorable commercial and supplier pricing adjustments and operating performance, more than offsetting lower overall production volumes, unfavorable product mix and unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries.
•Equity income was $68 million for fiscal 2025, compared to $90 million for fiscal 2024. The decrease is due primarily to the unfavorable impact of the KEIPER supply agreement modifications, partially offset by higher production volumes and favorable operating performance.
•Net loss attributable to Adient was $281 million for fiscal 2025, compared to net income attributable to Adient of $18 million for fiscal 2024. The net loss in fiscal 2025 is primarily attributable to the $333 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge recorded in the EMEA segment and the $8 million non-cash impairment on Adient’s investment in Adient Aerospace, lower overall production volumes, unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries, higher income tax expense and lower equity income, partially offset by favorable commercial and supplier pricing adjustments and favorable operating performance.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Net sales $ 14,535 (1)% $ 14,688 (5)% $ 15,395
Cost of sales 13,574 (1)% 13,760 (4)% 14,362
Gross profit 961 4% 928 (10)% 1,033
Selling, general and administrative expenses 522 3% 507 (8)% 554
Restructuring and impairment costs 392 >100% 168 >100% 40
Equity income 68 (24)% 90 7% 84
Earnings before interest and income taxes 115 (66)% 343 (34)% 523
Net financing charges 193 2% 189 (3)% 195
Other pension expense 10 (52)% 21 (36)% 33
Income (loss) before income taxes (88) >(100%) 133 (55)% 295
Income tax provision 103 >100% 32 n/a -
Net income (loss) (191) >(100%) 101 (66)% 295
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests 90 8% 83 (8)% 90
Net income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (281) >(100%) $ 18 (91)% $ 205
Net Sales
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Net sales $ 14,535 (1)% $ 14,688 (5)% $ 15,395
Net sales decreased by $153 million, or 1%, during fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024 due to lower overall production volumes in EMEA as a result of softening consumer demand, net of higher production volumes in Americas and Asia ($225 million) and unfavorable material economics recoveries ($59 million), partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies ($104 million) and favorable commercial pricing adjustments which includes $28 million related to tariff recoveries ($27 million).
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 34
Net sales decreased by $707 million, or 5%, during fiscal 2024 as compared to fiscal 2023 due to lower overall production volumes in all regions that resulted from softening consumer demand and weaker product mix in EMEA along with slower than expected product launches and production disruptions at certain customers in the Americas including the impact of the United Auto Workers (“UAW”) strike ($697 million), unfavorable material economics recoveries ($93 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($16 million), partially offset by net favorable commercial pricing adjustments ($99 million).
Refer to the segment analysis below for a discussion of segment net sales.
Cost of Sales / Gross Profit
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Cost of sales $ 13,574 (1)% $ 13,760 (4)% $ 14,362
Gross profit 961 4% 928 (10)% 1,033
% of sales 6.6 % 6.3 % 6.7 %
Cost of sales decreased by $186 million, or 1%, and gross profit increased by $33 million, or 4%, during fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024. The year over year decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to lower production volumes ($174 million), favorable supplier pricing adjustments including KEIPER supply agreement modifications ($70 million), favorable material economics ($31 million), favorable operating performance despite the $45 million unfavorable impact of tariffs ($27 million) and lower depreciation and amortization expense ($4 million), partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($101 million) and higher restructuring-related charges ($19 million). Gross profit for fiscal 2025 was impacted by favorable commercial and supplier pricing adjustments, favorable operating performance, lower depreciation expense and the favorable impact of foreign currencies, partially offset by lower production volumes and unfavorable product mix, unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries, unfavorable net tariff impact, and higher restructuring-related charges. Refer to the segment analysis below for a discussion of segment profitability.
Cost of sales decreased by $602 million, or 4%, and gross profit decreased by $105 million, or 10%, during fiscal 2024 as compared to fiscal 2023. The year over year decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to lower production volumes ($522 million), favorable material economics ($79 million), favorable operating performance driven by lower freight costs ($25 million), favorable supplier pricing adjustments ($20 million), the favorable impact of the KEIPER supply agreement modifications ($8 million) and lower depreciation expense ($2 million), partially offset by non-recurring net benefits largely associated with insurance recoveries in fiscal 2023 ($29 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($18 million), and higher restructuring-related charges ($5 million). Gross profit for fiscal 2024 was unfavorably impacted by lower production volumes, non-recurring net benefits largely associated with insurance recoveries in fiscal 2023, unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries and the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies, partially offset by favorable operating performance.
Refer to the segment analysis below for a discussion of segment profitability.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SG&A”)
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 522 3% $ 507 (8)% $ 554
% of sales 3.6 % 3.5 % 3.6 %
SG&A expenses increased by $15 million, or 3%, during fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024. The year over year increase in SG&A was primarily due to higher compensation expense including the impact of prior year austerity measures ($21 million), third-party consulting costs associated with strategic planning ($9 million), higher net engineering and other administrative spending ($8 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($2 million), partially offset by the higher level of gains on the sale of assets ($13 million), the non-recurrence of a prior year one-time loss on business divestiture ($8 million), lower depreciation and amortization expense ($2 million) and other non-recurring items ($2 million).
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 35
SG&A for fiscal 2024 decreased by $47 million, or 8%, as compared to fiscal 2023. The year over year decrease in SG&A was primarily due to lower compensation expense including performance-based incentive compensation costs and other compensation related austerity measures ($32 million), lower net engineering and other administrative spending ($16 million), lower depreciation and amortization expense ($6 million), the favorable impact of foreign currencies ($2 million) and lower transaction costs ($2 million), partially offset by a one-time loss on business divestiture ($8 million) and other non-recurring items ($3 million).
Refer to the segment analysis below for a discussion of segment profitability.
Restructuring and Impairment Costs
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Restructuring and impairment costs $ 392 >100% $ 168 >100% $ 40
Restructuring and impairment costs were higher by $224 million during fiscal 2025 due primarily to a $333 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge recorded in the EMEA segment and an $8 million non-cash impairment loss recorded on the Adient Aerospace investment, partially offset by higher levels of restructuring charges recorded primarily in EMEA in fiscal 2024 in response to structural changes occurring in the European automotive market and to ensure Adient maintains a competitive cost structure by reducing labor costs and increasing efficiencies.
Restructuring and impairment costs were higher by $128 million during fiscal 2024 due to restructuring actions taken primarily in EMEA in response to the macroeconomic factors occurring in the European automotive market causing reduced production volumes and to ensure Adient maintains a competitive cost structure by reducing labor costs and increasing efficiencies. Adient also recorded a $9 million impairment on its Adient Aerospace investment in fiscal 2024 contributing to the increase year over year.
Refer to Note 6, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements and the discussion under Liquidity and Capital Resources below for additional information related to the goodwill impairment recorded during fiscal 2025 and Adient's restructuring plans.
Equity Income
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Equity income $ 68 (24)% $ 90 7% $ 84
Equity income was $68 million during fiscal 2025, compared to $90 million during fiscal 2024. The decrease is primarily attributable to the unfavorable impact of the KEIPER supply agreement modifications, including the addition of a performance based rebate to the shareholders in fiscal 2025 ($39 million), restructuring-related charges related to certain of Adient's investment in non-consolidated affiliates ($5 million), and the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($2 million), partially offset by favorable operating performance at partially-owned affiliates ($22 million), and a one-time gain on the sale of Setex during fiscal 2025 ($4 million).
Equity income was $90 million for fiscal 2024, compared to $84 million for fiscal 2023. The increase is primarily attributable to favorable production volumes and operating performance at partially-owned affiliates ($17 million) and the non-recurrence of fiscal 2023 non-cash impairment charges recorded on certain of Adient's investments in non-consolidated affiliates ($3 million), partially offset by the impact of the KEIPER supply agreement modifications executed in fiscal 2023 ($8 million), and the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($5 million).
Refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” and Note 18, “Nonconsolidated Partially-Owned Affiliates,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
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Net Financing Charges
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Net financing charges $ 193 2% $ 189 (3)% $ 195
Net financing charges increased by $4 million during fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024 due primarily to higher interest rates and a one-time accelerated-deferred financing fee charge associated with early redemption of the 4.875% senior unsecured notes during fiscal 2025. Net financing charges decreased by $6 million during fiscal 2024 as compared to fiscal 2023 due primarily to premiums paid and deferred financing cost write offs associated with repurchasing of debt during fiscal 2023.
Refer to Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for information related to the components of Adient's net financing charges.
Other Pension Expense
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Other pension expense $ 10 (52)% $ 21 (36)% $ 33
Other pension expense consists of mark-to-market, curtailment and settlement adjustments, and non-service components of net periodic pension costs of Adient's retirement plans. Other pension expense was lower by $11 million in fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024 due primarily to a $3 million current year mark-to-market loss (compared to a $13 million loss in fiscal 2024).
Other pension expense was lower by $12 million in fiscal 2024 as compared to fiscal 2023 due primarily to a lower mark-to-market loss ($13 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $19 million in fiscal 2023) and an $8 million curtailment loss in fiscal 2023 primarily associated with employee termination benefit plans in the Americas segment.
Refer to Note 14, “Retirement Plans,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for information related to the components of Adient's net periodic pension costs.
Income Tax Provision
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Income tax provision $ 103 >100% $ 32 n/a $ -
The fiscal 2025 income tax expense of $103 million was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% primarily due to the inability to record a tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with valuation allowances, the repatriation of foreign earnings, tax expense related to adjustments to net operating loss deferred tax assets, tax expense related to the establishment of uncertain tax positions, foreign tax rate differentials, and the impact of the impairment of the non-tax-deductible portion of the EMEA goodwill balance for which there is no corresponding income tax benefit, partially offset by tax benefits from audit closures and statute expirations.
Adient reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or combined group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. All of the factors that Adient considers in evaluating whether and when to establish or release all or a portion of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance involve significant judgment. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to Adient's valuation allowances may be necessary.
Given current earnings and anticipated future earnings at certain subsidiaries, Adient believes that there is a possibility that sufficient positive evidence may become available that would allow the release of all, or a portion of, valuation allowances at
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certain subsidiaries within the next twelve months. A release of valuation allowances, if any, would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets which could generate a material income tax benefit for the period in which such release is recorded.
As a result of Adient's fiscal 2025 analysis of the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, Adient established and released valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets at various subsidiaries, which did not have a material impact on Adient’s financial statements either individually or in the aggregate. Adient continues to record valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets in Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, the U.S. and other jurisdictions as it remains more likely than not that they will not be realized.
The fiscal 2024 income tax expense of $32 million was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% primarily due to the inability to record a tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with valuation allowances, the repatriation of foreign earnings, tax expense related to foreign exchange remeasurements of tax balances primarily in Mexico and tax expense from the establishment of valuation allowances at certain subsidiaries, partially offset by tax benefits from the release of uncertain tax positions due to audit closures and from the release of valuation allowances at certain subsidiaries.
As a result of Adient's fiscal 2024 analysis of the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, Adient determined it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets would be realizable and recorded an income tax benefit of $14 million in China, $8 million in Mexico, $7 million in France, and $6 million in Japan to release valuation allowances. In addition, Adient determined it was necessary to establish valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets in Poland and Mexico, recording tax expense of $14 million and $5 million, respectively.
The fiscal 2023 income tax expense of $0 million was lower than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% primarily due to the release of valuation allowances in Mexico, partially offset by the inability to recognize a tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with valuation allowances, the repatriation of foreign earnings, and foreign tax rate differentials.
As a result of Adient's fiscal 2023 analysis of the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, Adient determined it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets in Mexico would be realizable and recorded an income tax benefit of $114 million to release valuation allowances. In addition, Adient determined it was necessary to release valuation allowances and establish valuation allowances in other jurisdictions that did not have a material impact on Adient’s financial statements.
Adient is subject to income taxes in Ireland, the U.S. and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of Adient's business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Adient's income tax returns for various fiscal years remain under audit by the respective tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year. Subsequent to September 30, 2025, Adient initiated a foreign tax audit settlement proposal which, although still under negotiation with the foreign tax authorities, is expected to require a non-recurring recognition and payment of approximately $20 million in fiscal 2026.
Adient does not generally provide for additional income taxes which would become payable upon repatriation of undistributed earnings of wholly owned foreign subsidiaries. Adient's intent is for such earnings to be reinvested by the subsidiaries or to be repatriated only when it would be tax efficient.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law. The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing, and the business interest expense limitation. ASC 740 requires the effects of changes in tax rates and laws to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. The OBBBA did not have a material impact on Adient’s consolidated financial statements. Adient will continue to evaluate the OBBBA and related guidance.
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Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 90 8% $ 83 (8)% $ 90
The increase in income attributable to noncontrolling interests in fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024 is primarily attributable to higher production volumes at certain affiliates primarily in Americas and Asia, partially offset by a $5 million adjustment to increase income attributable to noncontrolling interest recorded in fiscal 2024 related to a prior period.
The decrease in income attributable to noncontrolling interests during fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 is attributable to lower production volumes associated with new program launches at certain affiliates, which is partially offset by a $5 million adjustment to increase income attributable to noncontrolling interests recorded in fiscal 2024 but related to fiscal 2023.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Adient
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Net income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (281) >(100%) $ 18 (91)% $ 205
Net loss attributable to Adient was $281 million during fiscal 2025, compared to net income attributable to Adient of $18 million during fiscal 2024. The net loss in fiscal 2025 is primarily attributable to the $333 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge recorded in the EMEA segment and the $8 million non-cash impairment on its investment in Adient Aerospace, lower overall production volumes, unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries, higher income tax expense, lower equity income due to the unfavorable impact of the KEIPER supply agreement modifications, higher SG&A expenses mainly driven by third-party consulting costs associated with strategic planning and higher income attributable to noncontrolling interests, partially offset by favorable commercial and supplier pricing adjustments, favorable operating performance and lower pension expense.
Net income attributable to Adient was $18 million for fiscal 2024, compared to an income of $205 million for fiscal 2023. The lower net income in fiscal 2024 is primarily attributable to lower overall production volumes, higher restructuring and impairment costs, unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries, higher income tax expense, the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies and prior year non-recurring net benefits largely associated with insurance recoveries, partially offset by favorable net operating performance, lower SG&A expenses mainly driven by lower incentive compensation expense and lower net engineering and other administrative spending, higher equity income and lower income attributable to noncontrolling interests.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Adient
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (256) >(100%) $ 167 (20)% $ 208
Comprehensive loss attributable to Adient was $256 million during fiscal 2025 compared to $167 million of comprehensive income during fiscal 2024. The decrease of $423 million is due primarily to a net loss during fiscal 2025 primarily resulting from the non-cash goodwill impairment recorded in the EMEA segment compared to net income in fiscal 2024 ($292 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation adjustments ($218 million), partially offset by lower comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests ($18 million) and higher realized and unrealized gains on derivatives in fiscal 2025 compared to losses in fiscal 2024 ($69 million).
Comprehensive income attributable to Adient was $167 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $208 million of comprehensive income in fiscal 2023. The decrease of $41 million is due primarily to lower net income ($194 million), higher realized and
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unrealized losses on derivatives ($53 million) and higher comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests ($15 million), partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currency translation adjustments ($221 million).
Segment Analysis
Adient manages its business on a geographic basis and operates in the following three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: 1) Americas, which is inclusive of North America and South America; 2) EMEA and 3) Asia.
Adient evaluates the performance of its reportable segments using an adjusted EBITDA metric defined as income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding net financing charges, restructuring and impairment costs, restructuring-related costs, net mark-to-market adjustments on pension plans, transaction gains/losses, purchase accounting amortization, depreciation, stock-based compensation and other non-recurring items. Also, certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments. The reportable segments are consistent with how management views the markets served by Adient and reflect the financial information that is reviewed by its chief operating decision maker. Refer to the “Factors Affecting Adient’s Operating Environment” included above in Item 7 within the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section for more information on the factors that have impacted Adient’s fiscal 2025 financial results and that are expected to continue to impact Adient’s financial results in fiscal 2026.
The following table summarizes net sales and adjusted EBITDA by reportable segment for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023:
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia Corporate/Eliminations Consolidated
Fiscal 2025
Net sales $ 6,856 $ 4,773 $ 2,983 $ (77) $ 14,535
Adjusted EBITDA $ 402 $ 124 $ 440 $ (85) $ 881
Fiscal 2024
Net sales $ 6,763 $ 5,029 $ 2,989 $ (93) $ 14,688
Adjusted EBITDA $ 375 $ 155 $ 439 $ (89) $ 880
Fiscal 2023
Net sales $ 7,220 $ 5,195 $ 3,085 $ (105) $ 15,395
Adjusted EBITDA $ 336 $ 232 $ 464 $ (94) $ 938
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The following is a reconciliation of Adient's reportable segments' adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) before income taxes:
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Adjusted EBITDA
Americas $ 402 $ 375 $ 336
EMEA 124 155 232
Asia 440 439 464
Subtotal 966 969 1,032
Corporate-related costs (1)
(85) (89) (94)
Restructuring and impairment costs (2)
(392) (168) (40)
Purchase accounting amortization (3)
(47) (48) (52)
Restructuring-related activities (4)
(11) - 2
Gain (loss) on disposal transactions (5)
4 (7) (6)
Depreciation
(279) (285) (290)
Equity based compensation (6)
(32) (31) (34)
Other items (7)
(9) 2 5
Earnings before interest and income taxes 115 343 523
Net financing charges (193) (189) (195)
Other pension expense (10) (21) (33)
Income (loss) before income taxes $ (88) $ 133 $ 295
Notes:
(1) Corporate-related costs not allocated to the segments include executive office, communications, corporate development, legal and corporate finance.
(2) Reflects restructuring charges for costs that are probable and reasonably estimable and one-time asset impairments. Fiscal 2025 reflects a non-recurring, non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $333 million in the EMEA reporting unit, restructuring charges of $51 million and an impairment charge of $8 million related to Adient’s investment in Adient Aerospace. Fiscal 2024 reflects restructuring charges of $159 million and an impairment charge of $9 million related to Adient’s investment in Adient Aerospace. Fiscal 2023 reflects restructuring charges of $40 million. Refer to Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
(3) Reflects amortization of intangible assets including those related to partially-owned affiliates recorded within equity income.
(4) Reflects restructuring-related charges for costs that are recorded as incurred or as earned and other non-recurring impacts that are directly attributable to restructuring activities. Fiscal 2025 includes $29 million of restructuring-related charges primarily recorded in cost of sales and $5 million of restructuring-related charges at a partially-owned affiliate recorded in equity income, partially offset by a $23 million gain on the sales of restructured facilities across all segments recorded in SG&A. Fiscal 2024 includes a $10 million gain on sale of a restructured facility in Americas recorded in SG&A, offset by $10 million in restructuring-related charges primarily recorded in cost of sales. Fiscal 2023 includes a $10 million gain on sale of a restructured facility in Americas recorded in SG&A, partially offset by $6 million of restructuring-related charges primarily recorded in cost of sales and $2 million of restructuring-related charges at a partially-owned affiliate recorded in equity income.
(5) Fiscal 2025 reflects a $4 million gain on sale of Adient's partially-owned investment in Setex. Fiscal 2024 reflects an $8 million loss on sale of 51% of Adient's interest in LFADNT (as described in Note 3, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements), partially offset by a $1 million gain on sale of a nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliate. Fiscal 2023 reflects $3 million and $3 million of non-cash impairment related to certain of Adient's investments in nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates in Asia and EMEA, respectively.
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(6) Fiscal 2024 includes a $5 million adjustment to increase equity-based compensation expense related to a retired executive's equity awards that should have been recognized in periods prior to fiscal 2024.
(7) Fiscal 2025 includes $10 million of third-party consulting costs associated with strategic planning and a $1 million non-recurring loss at affiliates, partially offset by a $2 million gain on a non-recurring contract related settlement. Fiscal 2024 reflects a $3 million non-recurring gain on a contract related settlement and $1 million of indirect tax recoveries in Brazil, partially offset by $1 million of transaction costs and a $1 million one-time divestiture related impact at an affiliate. Fiscal 2023 reflects $4 million of one-time divestiture gain at an affiliate and $4 million of a gain associated with the retrospective recovery of indirect tax credits in Brazil, partially offset by $3 million of transaction costs.
Americas
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Net sales $ 6,856 1% $ 6,763 (6)% $ 7,220
Adjusted EBITDA $ 402 7% $ 375 12% $ 336
Net sales increased in fiscal 2025 by $93 million primarily due to higher current year production volumes and mix due in part to achieving run rate production levels on prior-year program launches ($80 million) and net favorable commercial pricing adjustments including the favorable impact of $28 million related to tariff cost recoveries ($69 million), partially offset by unfavorable material economics recoveries ($33 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($23 million).
Adjusted EBITDA increased in fiscal 2025 by $27 million due to net favorable commercial and supplier pricing adjustments including the impact of $28 million related to tariff cost recoveries ($79 million), favorable operating performance due to lower launch and lower input costs ($42 million) and higher current year production volumes ($19 million), partially offset by the additional costs related to new tariffs ($45 million), higher administrative and engineering expenses driven by lower engineering recoveries and higher compensation expenses primarily due to prior-year compensation austerity measures ($35 million), unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries ($28 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($3 million) and lower equity income ($2 million).
Net sales decreased in fiscal 2024 by $457 million primarily due to lower fiscal 2024 production volumes resulting from weakening consumer demand, slower than expected product launches and the UAW strike-related disruptions during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 at certain customers ($470 million), unfavorable material economics recoveries ($55 million) and the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($21 million), partially offset by net favorable commercial pricing adjustments ($89 million).
Adjusted EBITDA increased in fiscal 2024 by $39 million due to net favorable commercial and supplier pricing adjustments and operational improvements including lower freight costs and the impact of the KEIPER supply agreement modifications ($145 million) and lower administrative and engineering expenses driven by lower compensation expense, including lower performance based compensation costs and other compensation related austerity measures, along with improved engineering recoveries ($48 million), partially offset by lower fiscal 2024 production volumes ($89 million, including the UAW strike-related impact during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 of $25 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($27 million), unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries ($25 million) and non-recurring net benefits largely associated with insurance recoveries in fiscal 2023 ($13 million).
EMEA
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Net sales $ 4,773 (5)% $ 5,029 (3)% $ 5,195
Adjusted EBITDA $ 124 (20)% $ 155 (33)% $ 232
Net sales decreased in fiscal 2025 by $256 million primarily as a result of lower production volumes resulting from weakening consumer demand for new vehicles, unfavorable product mix and from other intentional portfolio reductions ($336 million), unfavorable material economics recoveries ($23 million) and net unfavorable commercial pricing adjustments ($6 million), partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies ($109 million).
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Adjusted EBITDA decreased in fiscal 2025 by $31 million due to lower production volumes and unfavorable product mix ($36 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($12 million), higher administrative and engineering expense ($12 million) and unfavorable material economics, net of recoveries ($2 million), partially offset by net favorable supplier pricing adjustments in excess of net unfavorable commercial pricing adjustments ($17 million), favorable operating performance ($12 million) and higher equity income ($2 million).
Net sales decreased in fiscal 2024 by $166 million primarily due to lower production volumes resulting from weakening consumer demand for new vehicles and product mix ($212 million), unfavorable material economics recoveries ($36 million) and net unfavorable commercial pricing adjustments ($9 million), partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies ($91 million).
Adjusted EBITDA decreased in fiscal 2024 by $77 million due to lower production volumes ($48 million), higher operating costs associated with lower levels of customer orders, which were often reduced with little warning, leading to unplanned downtime and operating inefficiencies ($21 million), non-recurring net benefits largely associated with insurance recoveries in fiscal 2023 ($17 million) and the non-recurrence of prior year gains on sale of assets ($6 million), partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies ($5 million), increased equity income ($4 million), favorable material economics, net of recoveries ($4 million) and lower administrative and engineering expense ($2 million).
Asia
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 Change 2024 Change 2023
Net sales $ 2,983 -% $ 2,989 (3)% $ 3,085
Adjusted EBITDA $ 440 -% $ 439 (5)% $ 464
Net sales decreased in fiscal 2025 by $6 million due to net unfavorable commercial pricing adjustments ($36 million) and unfavorable material economics recoveries ($3 million), partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies ($20 million) and higher production volumes ($13 million).
Adjusted EBITDA increased in fiscal 2025 by $1 million due to favorable operating performance including improved freight costs ($19 million), the favorable impact of foreign currencies ($17 million), lower administrative and engineering expense ($14 million), favorable material economics, net of recoveries ($2 million) and net favorable supplier pricing adjustments in excess of net unfavorable commercial pricing adjustments ($1 million), partially offset by unfavorable product mix ($33 million), and lower equity income ($19 million) which includes an unfavorable $39 million adjustment associated with KEIPER supply agreement modifications, including the addition of a performance based rebate in fiscal 2025.
Net sales decreased in fiscal 2024 by $96 million due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($85 million), lower production volumes due primarily to program changeovers, program launches and lower volumes on foreign OEM platforms in China ($29 million) and unfavorable material economics recoveries ($2 million), partially offset by net favorable commercial pricing adjustments ($20 million).
Adjusted EBITDA decreased in fiscal 2024 by $25 million due to lower production volumes and unfavorable product mix ($38 million), the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies ($19 million) and higher administrative and engineering expense ($6 million), partially offset by net favorable commercial and supplier pricing adjustments and improved labor efficiencies ($30 million), favorable material economics, net of recoveries ($6 million) and higher equity income which includes the unfavorable impact of the KEIPER supply agreement modifications ($2 million).
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Adient's primary liquidity needs are to fund general business requirements, including working capital, capital expenditures, restructuring costs and debt service requirements. Adient's principal sources of liquidity are cash flows from operating activities, the revolving credit facility and other debt issuances, and existing cash balances. Adient actively manages its working capital and associated cash requirements and continually seeks more effective uses of cash. During fiscal 2023, Adient announced a share repurchase authorization (up to $600 million) with no expiration date, wherein Adient has taken and will continue to take a measured approach as to the timing and amount of share repurchases as part of its assessment of the most effective use of cash. Working capital is highly influenced by the timing of cash flows associated with sales and purchases, and
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therefore can be difficult to manage at times. See below and refer to Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for discussion of financing arrangements. Following the first quarter of fiscal 2019 dividend payout, Adient suspended future dividends. Adient believes that its current financial resources will be sufficient to fund its liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months. Fiscal 2026 cash flows are expected to be lower than fiscal 2025 cash flows due primarily to reduced profitability resulting from lower production volumes, higher capital spending to fund growth initiatives, non-recurring tax settlements and an acceleration in the timing of commercial settlements in fiscal 2025.
Indebtedness
Adient US LLC (“Adient US”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Adient, together with certain of Adient's other subsidiaries, maintains an asset-based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Credit Facility”), which provides for a revolving line of credit up to $1,250 million, including a North American subfacility of up to $950 million and a European subfacility of up to $300 million, subject to borrowing base capacity and certain other restrictions, including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The ABL Credit Facility is set to mature on November 2, 2027, subject to certain springing maturity provisions. Adient will pay a commitment fee of 0.25% to 0.375% on the unused portion of the commitments under the asset-based revolving credit facility based on average global availability. Letters of credit are limited to the lesser of (x) $150 million and (y) the aggregate unused amount of commitments under the ABL Credit Facility then in effect. Subject to certain conditions, the ABL Credit Facility may be expanded by up to $250 million in additional commitments. Loans under the ABL Credit Facility may be denominated, at the option of Adient, in U.S. Dollars, Euros, Pounds Sterling or Swedish Krona. It also provides flexibility for future amendments to the ABL Facility to incorporate certain sustainability-based pricing provisions. The ABL Credit Agreement is secured on a first-priority lien on all accounts receivable, inventory and bank accounts (and funds on deposit therein) and a second-priority lien on all of the tangible and intangible assets of certain Adient subsidiaries. Interest is payable on the ABL Credit Facility at a fluctuating rate of interest determined by reference to Term SOFR, in the case of amounts outstanding in Dollars, EURIBOR, in the case of amounts outstanding in Euros, STIBOR, in the case of amounts outstanding in Swedish Krona and SONIA, in the case of amounts outstanding in Pounds Sterling, in each case, plus an applicable margin of 1.50% to 2.00%. As of September 30, 2025, Adient had not drawn down on the ABL Credit Facility and had availability under this facility of approximately $814 million (net of $8 million of letters of credit). In October 2025, Adient amended the ABL Credit Facility agreement, reducing the maximum facility from $1,250 million to $1,000 million (consisting of a North American subfacility of up to $895 million and a European subfacility of up to $105 million) and extending the maturity date to October 2030. Under the amended agreement, the commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments is lowered from 0.25% - 0.375% to 0.20% - 0.25%. The range of applicable interest margin was also updated from 1.50% - 2.00% to 1.25% - 1.75%.
In addition, Adient Global Holdings S.à r.l., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adient, maintains a senior secured term loan facility (the “Term Loan B Agreement”) that had an outstanding balance of $625 million as of September 30, 2025. During fiscal 2024, the Term Loan B Agreement was amended to reduce the applicable margin from 3.25% to 2.75% and extend final maturity to January 31, 2031 (which maturity was previously April 8, 2028). Adient incurred $5 million of costs associated with the modification, of which $4 million was recorded as deferred financing costs. During fiscal 2025, the Term Loan B Agreement was further amended to reduce the applicable margin from 2.75% to 2.25%. Adient incurred $1 million of costs associated with the modification, which was recorded as deferred financing costs. The Term Loan B Agreement amortizes in equal quarterly installments at a rate of 1.00% per annum of the original principal amount thereof, with the remaining balance due at final maturity. The Term Loan B Agreement also permits Adient to incur incremental term loans in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of $750 million and an unlimited amount subject to a pro forma first lien secured net leverage ratio of not greater than 1.75 to 1.00 and certain other conditions. Interest on the Term Loan B Agreement accrues at Term SOFR plus an applicable margin.
The ABL Credit Facility and Term Loan B Agreement contain covenants that are usual and customary for facilities and debt instruments of this type and that, among other things, restrict the ability of Adient and its restricted subsidiaries to: create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; create, assume, incur or guarantee certain indebtedness; pay dividends or make other distributions on, or repurchase or redeem, Adient’s capital stock or certain other debt; make other restricted payments; and consolidate or merge with, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of Adient’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ assets, to another person. These covenants are subject to a number of other limitations and exceptions set forth in the agreements. The agreements also provide for customary events of default, including, but not limited to, cross-default clauses with other debt arrangements, failure to pay principal and interest, failure to comply with covenants, agreements or conditions, and certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency involving Adient and its significant subsidiaries.
Adient Global Holdings Ltd. (“AGH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adient, maintains (i) $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 7% senior secured notes due 2028 and (ii) $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.250% senior unsecured
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notes due 2031. Interest on both of these notes are paid on April 15 and October 15 each year. These notes contain covenants that are usual and customary.
AGH also previously maintained 4.875% USD-denominated unsecured notes due 2026. The aggregate principal amount of these notes was $795 million as of September 30, 2024. In February 2025, AGH issued $795 million (net proceeds of $783 million) in aggregate principal amount of 7.50% senior unsecured notes. Adient incurred $12 million of costs associated with the transaction, which was recorded as deferred financing costs. Proceeds from the sale of the notes, together with cash on hand, were used to fully redeem AGH's 4.875% senior unsecured notes in March 2025. Upon redemption of the 4.875% notes, Adient wrote off $2 million of previously deferred financing costs associated with the notes to net financing charges. The new notes mature on February 15, 2033 and bear interest at a rate of 7.50% per annum. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing on August 15, 2025. These notes also contain covenants that are usual and customary.
Sources of Cash Flows
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Cash provided by operating activities $ 449 $ 543 $ 667
Cash used by investing activities (186) (253) (229)
Cash used by financing activities (267) (502) (271)
Capital expenditures (245) (266) (252)
Cash flows from operating activities
Fiscal 2025 compared to Fiscal 2024: The decrease in cash flows from operating activities is primarily due to an increase in customer tooling and capitalized engineering spending associated with launch activity primarily in EMEA and a higher level of cash payments associated with restructuring activities.
Fiscal 2024 compared to Fiscal 2023: The decrease in cash flows from operating activities is primarily due to lower profitability driven by lower production volumes in fiscal 2024 along with unfavorable changes to working capital year over year.
Cash flows from investing activities
Fiscal 2025 compared to Fiscal 2024: The decrease in cash used by investing activities is primarily attributable to current-year proceeds received from the sale of Adient's interest in Setex and the proceeds from the sale of other assets and lower capital expenditures.
Fiscal 2024 compared to Fiscal 2023: The increase in cash used by investing activities is primarily attributable to higher capital expenditures as further explained below and by lower levels of proceeds from asset sales.
Cash flows from financing activities
Fiscal 2025 compared to Fiscal 2024: The decrease in cash used by financing activities is primarily attributable to lower levels of net long-term debt activity in fiscal 2025 ($129 million), a lower level of share repurchase activities in fiscal 2025 ($125 million) compared to fiscal 2024 ($275 million), partially offset by the acquisition of the noncontrolling interest in Technotrim ($28 million) and a higher level of dividends paid to noncontrolling interests ($18 million).
Fiscal 2024 compared to Fiscal 2023: The increase in cash used by financing activities is attributable to $275 million common stock repurchases transacted in fiscal 2024 ($65 million in fiscal 2023) and the repayment of the €123 million ($132 million) unsecured notes, partially offset by the non-recurrence of prior year debt refinancing activities.
Refer to Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements,” and Note 13, “Equity and Noncontrolling Interests,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
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Capital expenditures
Fiscal 2025 compared to Fiscal 2024: Lower capital expenditures in fiscal 2025 were due primarily to timing of program spend on product launches in Americas and Asia.
Fiscal 2024 compared to Fiscal 2023: Higher capital expenditures in fiscal 2024 were due primarily to timing of program spend on product launches in EMEA.
Working capital
(in millions) September 30, 2025 September 30, 2024
Current assets $ 4,133 $ 4,086
Current liabilities 3,687 3,678
Working capital $ 446 $ 408
Working capital increased by $38 million primarily due to increases in customer tooling assets and capitalized engineering in EMEA, partially offset by an increase in accrued compensation and benefits.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Adient enters into supply chain financing programs in certain domestic and foreign jurisdictions to either sell or discount accounts receivable without recourse to third-party institutions. Sales or discounts of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, $185 million and $170 million was funded under these programs, respectively.
Adient also has a program with an external financial institution under which Adient's suppliers can sell their receivables from Adient to the financial institution at their sole discretion. Adient is not a party to the agreements between the participating suppliers and the financial institution. Adient's obligation under the program is to pay the original amounts of supplier invoices to the financial institution on the original invoice dates. No fees are paid and no assets are pledged by Adient. The payment terms for trade payables can range from 45 days to 120 days depending on types of services and goods being purchased. The payment terms for molds, dies and other tools that are acquired as part of pre-production activities are in general longer, and are normally dependent on the terms which Adient has agreed with its customers. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, Adient's liabilities related to this program were $105 million and $76 million, respectively, which is recorded within accounts payable and other current liabilities in Adient’s consolidated statements of financial position. Cash flows related to the program are all presented within operating activities in Adient's consolidated statements of cash flows.
Contractual Obligations
A summary of Adient's significant contractual obligations as of September 30, 2025:
(in millions) Total 2026 2027-2028 2029-2030 2031 and beyond
Long-term debt $ 2,421 $ 6 $ 512 $ 12 $ 1,891
Interest on long-term debt 963 176 333 280 174
Operating leases 299 93 119 50 37
Purchase obligations (1)
377 257 22 39 59
Pension contributions 107 8 22 20 57
Total contractual cash obligations $ 4,167 $ 540 $ 1,008 $ 401 $ 2,218
(1) Primarily consists of commitments for production materials and other supply items, as well as $94 million of committed capital expenditures.
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Effects of Inflation and Changing Prices
The effects of inflation have historically not been significant to Adient's results of operations. Generally, Adient has been able to implement operating efficiencies to sufficiently offset cost increases. The automotive industry has experienced periods of significant volatility in commodity and other input costs, including steel, petrochemical, freight, energy and labor costs. This price volatility may continue into the future as demand increases and/or supply is constrained. Price volatility has resulted in an overall increase of input costs for Adient that may not be, or may only be partially, offset through customer negotiations. During fiscal 2026, commodity prices and availability could fluctuate throughout the year and significantly affect Adient's results of operations.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
Adient prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). This requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The following policies are considered by management to be the most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in the preparation of Adient's consolidated financial statements and the uncertainties that could impact results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Revenue Recognition
Adient provides production and service parts to its customers under awarded multi-year programs. The duration of a program is generally consistent with the life cycle of a vehicle, however, an awarded program does not reach the level of a performance obligation until Adient receives either a purchase order and/or a materials release from the customer for a specific number of parts at a specified price, at which point an enforceable contract exists. Revenue is recognized at a point in time when Adient transfers control of the product to the customer. Contracts with customers may provide for annual price reductions over the production life of the awarded program. Transaction prices are adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect changes in product content/cost and other commercial factors, some of which are considered as variable consideration and must be estimated. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that Adient expects to be entitled to in exchange for such products based on purchase orders, annual price reductions and ongoing price adjustments.
In pursuit of new program awards, Adient at times agrees to make upfront payments to customers. Each time such a payment is made, Adient evaluates its nature, the underlying economics, legal and compliance ramifications, and other relevant factors and circumstances. These payments are deemed to be consideration payable to customers and are generally recognized as a reduction to revenue once mutually agreed. Certain upfront payments, however, are capitalized as other current and noncurrent assets if they are determined to be incremental, attributable only to the specific new program being awarded, and recoverable. As products under the new program are sold to the customer, the capitalized amount is amortized and recognized as a reduction to revenue over the term of the program, typically between three and seven years. Adient assesses recoverability of the capitalized amounts on an on-going basis. Any amounts that are concluded to be no longer recoverable are immediately recognized as a reduction to revenue.
Refer to Note 1, “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 2, “Revenue Recognition,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
Impairment of Goodwill, Other Long-lived Assets and Investments in Partially-Owned Affiliates
Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. Adient reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. Adient performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be Adient's reportable segments, using a fair value method based on management's judgments and assumptions or third-party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, Adient primarily uses the income approach utilizing discounted cash flow analyses. Adient also uses a market approach utilizing published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operational and economic characteristics to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement.”
The estimated future cash flows reflect management's latest assumptions of the financial projections based on anticipated competitive landscape, including estimates of revenue based on production volumes over the foreseeable future and long-term
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 47
growth rates, and operating margins based on historical trends and future cost containment activities. As of March 31, 2025, Adient identified a triggering event requiring a quantitative impairment analysis due primarily to the continued and sustained decline in the market value of its ordinary shares resulting from the uncertainties surrounding future production volume within the automotive industry. These uncertainties are the result of a combination of factors including weakening consumer demand due in part to vehicle affordability, the direct and indirect impacts resulting from the imposition of U.S. and foreign tariffs, market share loss for foreign/luxury OEMs in the Asia reporting unit combined with modest expected margin declines as Adient continues to win new business with local OEMs in China, intensifying competition from Chinese imports and lower exports to China from EMEA as domestic brands expand in China and overcapacity in the EMEA reporting unit resulting in pricing pressure along with continued disruptions caused by slower electric vehicle adoption rates. These calculations contained assumptions about market comparables, future cash flows, and the appropriate discount rates (based on weighted average cost of capital ranging from 16.5% to 21.0%) to reflect the risk inherent in the future cash flows and to derive a reasonable enterprise value and related premium. As a result of the quantitative assessment and for the factors stated above, a $333 million non-cash goodwill impairment was recorded in the EMEA reporting unit during the second quarter of fiscal 2025. This amount is reflected in restructuring and impairment costs within the consolidated statements of income (loss). No amounts of goodwill remain recorded in EMEA. The difference between the fair value and carrying value of the Americas and Asia reporting units both modestly exceeded 10% at March 31, 2025. As a result of the annual review performed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 using updated assumptions about market comparables, future cash flows and appropriate discount rates (based on weighted average cost of capital ranging from 15.5% to 20.0%), no goodwill impairment was recorded at September 30, 2025. The fair values of both the Americas and Asia reporting units are higher at September 30, 2025 reflecting the increase in the overall market value of Adient’s ordinary shares and generating higher levels of fair value in excess of carrying value for both reporting units. If future degradation in economic conditions occur, Adient’s reporting units may incur significant impairment of goodwill. Adient generally assumes operating margins in future years will normalize over time as the current year results are not indicative of market participant expectations primarily due to the current challenging market conditions as mentioned above. Management believes this is consistent with a market participant view. There are also expectations for enhanced profitability and cash flows driven by near-term efficiency actions, strategic review of portfolio and reduction of capital expenditures. Long-term profitability and cash flows will also be impacted by the expiration of underperforming contracts along with restructuring benefits taking full effect. Refer to Note 6, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Adient reviews long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and other intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. Adient conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” ASC 360-10-15 requires Adient to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. Intangible assets with definite lives continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment testing as part of their asset group if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing the impairment tests. Due to the goodwill impairment triggering event described above, long-lived assets were assessed for impairment as of March 31, 2025. No long-lived asset impairment was recorded during the second quarter of fiscal 2025. No impairment triggering events were identified in subsequent periods; however, if future degradation in economic conditions occur, there could be impairment of long-lived assets.
Adient monitors its investments in partially-owned affiliates for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value on an ongoing basis. If Adient determines that an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred, it recognizes an impairment loss, which is measured as the difference between the recorded book value and the fair value of the investment. Fair value is generally determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flows or negotiated transaction values. No other-than-temporary impairment indicators were present in fiscal 2025 or fiscal 2024. During fiscal 2023, Adient concluded that indicators of other-than-temporary impairment were present related to two nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates, and recorded a $6 million ($3 million in Asia and $3 million in EMEA) non-cash impairment as a result. Refer to Note 18, “Nonconsolidated Partially-Owned Affiliates,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
During fiscal 2025 and 2024, Adient determined that an impairment had occurred with its investment in Adient Aerospace and recorded an impairment charge of $8 million and $9 million, respectively. No remaining investment is recorded as of September 30, 2025. Refer to Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 48
Employee Benefit Plans
Adient provides a range of pension benefits to its employees and retired employees. These benefits are Adient's direct obligation and have been recorded within Adient's consolidated financial statements. Plan assets and obligations are measured annually, or more frequently if there is a remeasurement event, based on Adient's measurement date utilizing various actuarial assumptions such as discount rates, assumed rates of return, compensation increases, turnover rates and health care cost trend rates as of that date. Adient reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when appropriate.
Adient utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event.
U.S. GAAP requires that companies recognize in the statement of financial position a liability for defined benefit pension plans that are underfunded or unfunded, or an asset for defined benefit pension plans that are overfunded. U.S. GAAP also requires that companies measure the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets that determine a benefit plan's funded status as of the date of the employer's fiscal year end.
Adient considers the expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis when setting assumed discount rates. As a result, Adient uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the plan jurisdiction, the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For the U.S. pension plans, Adient uses a discount rate provided by an independent third-party calculated based on an appropriate mix of high quality bonds. For the non-U.S. pension, Adient consistently uses the relevant country specific benchmark indices for determining the various discount rates. Adient's discount rate on U.S. pension plans was 5.60% and 4.99% at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Adient's weighted average discount rate on non-U.S. plans was 5.29% and 4.75% at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
In estimating the expected return on plan assets, Adient considers the historical returns on plan assets, adjusted for forward-looking considerations, inflation assumptions and the impact of the active management of the plans' invested assets. Reflecting the relatively long-term nature of the plans' obligations, approximately 70% of the plans' assets are invested in fixed income securities and 10% in equity securities, with the remainder primarily invested in alternative investments. For fiscal years 2025 and 2024, Adient's expected long-term return on U.S. pension plan assets used to determine net periodic benefit cost was 6.75% and 6.75% respectively. The actual rate of return on U.S. pension plans was above 6.75% in fiscal 2025 and was above 6.75% in fiscal 2024. For fiscal years 2025 and 2024, Adient's weighted average expected long-term return on non-U.S. pension plan assets was 5.14% and 4.95%, respectively. The actual rate of return on non-U.S. pension plans was below 5.14% in fiscal 2025 and was above 4.95% in fiscal 2024.
For fiscal 2026, Adient estimates the long-term rate of return will approximate 6.75% and 5.71% for U.S. pension and non-U.S. pension plans, respectively. Any differences between actual investment results and the expected long-term asset returns will be reflected in net periodic benefit costs in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. If Adient's actual returns on plan assets are less than Adient's expectations, additional contributions may be required.
In fiscal 2025, total Adient contributions to the defined benefit pension plans were $18 million. Adient expects to contribute at least $8 million in cash to its defined benefit pension plans in fiscal 2026.
Based on information provided by its independent actuaries and other relevant sources, Adient believes that the assumptions used to measure Adient’s pension obligations are reasonable; however, changes in these assumptions could impact Adient's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The following table illustrates estimated increases (decreases) in projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) and net periodic benefit cost excluding changes in mark-to-market adjustments and settlement charges (“NPBC”) as of September 30, 2025 and for fiscal 2025 assuming a decrease of 100 basis points in the discount rate and expected return on plan assets.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 49
Pension Benefits
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans
(in millions) Change in PBO Change in NPBC Change in PBO Change in NPBC
100 basis point decrease in discount rate $ - $ - $ 37 $ (1)
100 basis point decrease in expected return on plan assets N/A - N/A 3
Refer to Note 14, “Retirement Plans,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for more information on Adient's pension plans.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Adient records a valuation allowance that primarily represents operating and other loss carryforwards for which realization is uncertain. Management judgment is required in determining Adient's provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance recorded against Adient's net deferred tax assets.
Adient reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or combined group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to Adient's valuation allowances may be necessary.
Adient is subject to income taxes in Ireland, the U.S. and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of Adient's business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Adient's income tax returns for various fiscal years remain under audit by the respective tax authorities. The outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, however, this uncertainty has increased in the current environment where taxing authorities have become more aggressive in proposing tax assessments. Subsequent to September 30, 2025, Adient initiated a foreign tax audit settlement proposal which, although still under negotiation with the foreign tax authorities, is expected to require a non-recurring recognition and payment of approximately $20 million in fiscal 2026. Management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.
Adient does not generally provide for additional income taxes which would become payable upon repatriation of undistributed earnings of wholly owned foreign subsidiaries. Adient's intent is for such earnings to be reinvested by the subsidiaries or to be repatriated only when it would be tax efficient.
Refer to Note 16, “Income Taxes,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for Adient's income tax disclosures.
Restructuring Costs
Adient accrues costs in connection with its restructuring actions. These accruals include estimates primarily related to employee headcount, local statutory benefits, and other employee termination costs. Actual costs may vary from these estimates. These accruals are reviewed on a quarterly basis and changes to restructuring actions are appropriately recognized when identified. Refer to Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for more information.
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During fiscal 2025, Adient committed to a restructuring plan (“2025 Plan”) resulting in charges of $58 million that was offset by $7 million of prior-period underspend. The 2025 Plan, which is primarily related to termination benefits in Europe, is being implemented in response to manufacturing footprint and structural changes occurring in the global automotive industry and to ensure Adient maintains a competitive cost structure by reducing operating, administrative and engineering costs, and increasing efficiencies. Restructuring actions associated with the 2025 Plan will primarily occur in fiscal years 2026 and 2027, and are expected to be substantially complete by fiscal year 2027. Adient currently estimates that upon completion of the restructuring actions, the 2025 Plan will reduce annual operating costs by approximately $70 million, which is primarily the result of lower costs of sales and SG&A due to reduced employee-related costs, of which approximately 45% will result in net savings. Restructuring costs are included in restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
During fiscal 2024, Adient committed to a restructuring plan (“2024 Plan”) of $169 million that was offset by prior period underspend of $1 million and $9 million cost reimbursement committed by a customer. The fiscal 2024 charges are mostly related to termination benefits in Europe. The 2024 Plan was implemented in response to the macroeconomic factors occurring in the European automotive market causing reduced production volumes and to ensure Adient maintains a competitive cost structure by reducing operating, administrative and engineering costs, and increasing efficiencies. Restructuring actions associated with these specific plans primarily occurring in fiscal years 2025 and 2026 are expected to be substantially complete by fiscal year 2027. Adient estimates that upon completion of the restructuring actions, the fiscal 2024 restructuring plan would reduce annual operating costs by approximately $110 million, which was primarily the result of lower costs of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses due to reduced employee-related costs, of which approximately 60% would result in net savings.
During fiscal 2023, Adient committed to a restructuring plan (“2023 Plan”) of $39 million. Adient also recorded additional charges totaling $1 million related to prior year plans. The restructuring actions related to cost reduction initiatives and consist primarily of workforce reductions in EMEA. Adient estimated that upon completion of the restructuring actions, the fiscal 2023 restructuring plan would reduce annual operating costs by approximately $30 million, which was primarily the result of lower costs of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses due to reduced employee-related costs, of which approximately 15% would result in net savings. The restructuring actions were substantially completed by fiscal 2025.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 51

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate and Foreign Currency Risk Management
Adient regularly reviews its underlying foreign exchange and interest rate exposures, both on a stand-alone basis and in conjunction with applicable derivative hedge positions. Given the effective horizons of Adient's risk management activities and the anticipatory nature of the exposures, there is no assurance the “derivative hedge” positions will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in Adient's underlying foreign exchange or interest rate exposures. Further, the recognition of the gains and losses related to these instruments may not coincide with the timing of gains and losses related to the underlying economic exposures and, therefore, may adversely affect Adient's financial condition and operating results.
Adient selectively uses derivative instruments to reduce market risk associated with changes in foreign currency. All hedging transactions were authorized and executed pursuant to clearly defined policies and procedures, which strictly prohibit the use of financial instruments for speculative purposes. At the inception of the hedge, Adient assesses the effectiveness of the hedge instrument and designates the hedge instrument as either (1) a hedge of a recognized asset or liability or of a recognized firm commitment (a fair value hedge), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to an unrecognized asset or liability (a cash flow hedge) or (3) a hedge of a net investment in a non-U.S. operation (a net investment hedge). Adient performs hedge effectiveness testing on an ongoing basis depending on the type of hedging instrument used. All other derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” are revalued in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
Adient evaluates cash flow hedges for effectiveness at inception based on the critical terms match method. The hedges are not expected to incur any ineffectiveness, however, a quarterly qualitative assessment of effectiveness is done to determine if the critical terms match method remains appropriate to use.
For all designated net investment hedges, Adient assesses its net investment position in non-U.S. operations and compares it with the outstanding net investment hedge principal on a quarterly basis. All hedges are deemed highly effective if the aggregate outstanding principal of the hedge instrument designated as the net investment hedge in a non-U.S. operation is between 80% and 125% of its net investment position in respective non-U.S. operations.
Further details are provided in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report in the notes to consolidated financial statements. A discussion of Adient's accounting policies for derivative financial instruments is included in Note 1, “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” and further disclosure relating to derivatives and hedging activities is included in Note 10, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and Note 11, “Fair Value Measurements,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Adient's exposure to changes in global interest rates relates primarily to Adient's investment portfolio and outstanding debt. While Adient is exposed to global interest rate fluctuations, Adient's interest income and expense are most sensitive to fluctuations in U.S. interest rates. Changes in global interest rates affect the interest earned on Adient's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and the fair value of those securities, as well as costs associated with hedging and interest paid on Adient's debt.
Adient's investment policy and strategy are focused on preservation of capital and supporting Adient's liquidity requirements. Adient uses a combination of internal and external management to execute its investment strategy and achieve its investment objectives. Adient typically invests in highly-rated securities, and its investment policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy requires investments generally to be investment grade, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss.
Further details regarding Adient's debt and financing arrangements are provided in Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Foreign Currency Risk
Adient has manufacturing, sales and distribution facilities around the world and thus makes investments and enters into transactions denominated in various foreign currencies. In order to maintain strict control and achieve the benefits of Adient's global diversification, foreign exchange exposures for each currency are netted internally so that only its net foreign exchange exposures are, as appropriate, hedged with financial instruments.
On an annual basis, Adient hedges 70% to 90% of the nominal amount of each of its known foreign exchange transactional exposures. Adient primarily enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the earnings and cash flow impact of the variation of non-functional currency denominated receivables and payables. Gains and losses resulting from hedging instruments offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. The maturities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related transactions. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are recognized in the same period as gains and losses on the hedged items. During fiscal 2025, Adient had hedge contracts outstanding with the aim of hedging balance sheet items, or with the aim of hedging forecasted commitments. Foreign exchange contracts hedging balance sheet items are marked-to-market through the income statement, while foreign exchange contracts to hedge forecasted commitments are designated in a hedge relationship as a cash flow hedge. These are marked-to-market through other comprehensive income when effective.
Currency translations of net assets of Adient’s non-U.S. operations are also sensitive to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. As of September 30, 2025, certain foreign currency forward contracts have been designated to selectively hedge portions of Adient's net investments in China. Cross currency interest rate swap contracts are also utilized to selectively hedge portions of Adient’s investments in Europe. The currency effects of such contracts are reflected in the foreign currency translation adjustments account within shareholders' equity attributable to Adient where they offset gains and losses recorded on Adient's net investments in China and Europe.
At September 30, 2025 and 2024, Adient estimates that the fair value of outstanding foreign exchange contracts would have been adversely impacted by approximately $77 million and $72 million, respectively, from an unfavorable 10% change in all applicable foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. Dollar. In practice, such a change would generally be offset by an opposing fair value change of the underlying asset, liability or transaction.
Commodity Risk
Adient's exposures to market risk from changes in the price of production material are managed primarily through indexing arrangements and negotiations with suppliers and customers, although not all customer commodity exposures are covered by indexing arrangements and there can be no assurance that Adient will otherwise be able to recover all such costs. Adient’s current indexing arrangements with its customers typically provide for partial recovery of commodity price changes on a lag of 3 months to, in some cases, more than 12 months between cost occurrence and partial recovery. Adient continues to evaluate its arrangements with its customers and to pursue negotiated commercial settlements related to commodity pricing matters. Adient evaluates from time to time derivatives available in the marketplace and may decide to utilize derivatives in the future to manage select commodity risks if acceptable hedging instruments and counterparties are identified for its exposure level at that time, as well as the effectiveness of the financial hedge among other factors.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 53

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of September 30, 2025 and 2024
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 54
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Adient plc
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Adient plc and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss), of comprehensive income (loss), of shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2025, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2025 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 55
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Interim and Annual Goodwill Impairment Assessments
As described in Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s goodwill balance was $1,807 million as of September 30, 2025, and the goodwill associated with the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), and Asia Pacific/China (Asia) reporting units (collectively, “the reporting units”) was $607 million, $0, and $1,200 million, respectively. Management reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The estimated fair value is compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. During the second quarter of fiscal 2025, management identified a triggering event requiring a quantitative impairment analysis, and as a result, a $333 million non-cash goodwill impairment was recorded in the EMEA reporting unit. In estimating the fair value, management primarily uses an income approach utilizing discounted cash flow analyses. The calculations contain uncertainties as they require management to make assumptions about future cash flows and the appropriate discount rates. The estimated future cash flows reflect management’s updated assumptions of the financial projections based on anticipated competitive landscape, including estimates of revenue based on production volumes over the foreseeable future and long-term growth rates, and operating margins based on historical trends and future cost containment activities.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the interim goodwill impairment assessment of the EMEA reporting unit and the annual goodwill impairment assessments of the Americas and Asia reporting units is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimate of the reporting units; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to (a) estimates of revenue, the long-term growth rate, and operating margins, as well as the discount rate for the interim goodwill impairment assessment of the EMEA reporting unit, (b) estimates of operating margins for the annual goodwill impairment assessment of the Americas reporting unit, and (c) estimates of revenue for the annual goodwill impairment assessment of the Asia reporting unit; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s interim and annual goodwill impairment assessments, including controls over the valuation of the Company’s reporting units. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the reporting units; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow analyses used by management; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the discounted cash flow analyses; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to (a) estimates of revenue, the long-term growth rate, and operating margins, as well as the discount rate for the interim goodwill impairment assessment of the EMEA reporting unit, (b) estimates of operating margins for the annual goodwill impairment assessment of the Americas reporting unit, and (c) estimates of revenue for the annual goodwill impairment assessment of the Asia reporting unit. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to estimates of revenue and operating margins involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting units; (ii) the consistency with relevant industry data; and (iii) whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow analyses and (ii) the reasonableness of the estimate of the long-term growth rate and the discount rate assumptions for the interim goodwill impairment assessment of the EMEA reporting unit.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 56
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Detroit, Michigan
November 18, 2025
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1957.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 57
Adient plc
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions, except per share data) 2025 2024 2023
Net sales $ 14,535 $ 14,688 $ 15,395
Cost of sales 13,574 13,760 14,362
Gross profit 961 928 1,033
Selling, general and administrative expenses 522 507 554
Restructuring and impairment costs 392 168 40
Equity income 68 90 84
Earnings before interest and income taxes 115 343 523
Net financing charges 193 189 195
Other pension expense 10 21 33
Income (loss) before income taxes (88) 133 295
Income tax provision 103 32 -
Net income (loss) (191) 101 295
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests 90 83 90
Net income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (281) $ 18 $ 205
Earnings (Loss) per share:
Basic $ (3.39) $ 0.20 $ 2.17
Diluted $ (3.39) $ 0.20 $ 2.15
Shares used in computing earnings (loss) per share:
Basic 83.0 89.5 94.5
Diluted 83.0 90.1 95.4
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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Adient plc
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Net income (loss) $ (191) $ 101 $ 295
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (14) 204 (17)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives 37 (32) 21
Other comprehensive income 23 172 4
Total comprehensive income (loss) (168) 273 299
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 88 106 91
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (256) $ 167 $ 208
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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Adient plc
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
September 30,
(in millions, except share and per share data) 2025 2024
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 958 $ 945
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $40 and $24, respectively
1,873 1,896
Inventories 695 758
Other current assets 607 487
Current assets 4,133 4,086
Property, plant and equipment - net 1,409 1,410
Goodwill 1,807 2,164
Other intangible assets - net 319 371
Investments in partially-owned affiliates 276 338
Assets held for sale 9 8
Other noncurrent assets 1,001 974
Total assets $ 8,954 $ 9,351
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Short-term debt $ 2 $ 1
Current portion of long-term debt 9 8
Accounts payable 2,549 2,552
Accrued compensation and benefits 393 358
Other current liabilities 734 759
Current liabilities 3,687 3,678
Long-term debt 2,386 2,396
Pension benefits 112 105
Other noncurrent liabilities 611 638
Long-term liabilities 3,109 3,139
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 19)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 95 91
Preferred shares issued, par value $0.001; 100,000,000 shares authorized
zero shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025
- -
Ordinary shares issued, par value $0.001; 500,000,000 shares authorized
79,151,497 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025
- -
Additional paid-in capital 3,602 3,712
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) (1,166) (885)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (670) (693)
Shareholders' equity attributable to Adient 1,766 2,134
Noncontrolling interests 297 309
Total shareholders' equity 2,063 2,443
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 8,954 $ 9,351
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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Adient plc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Operating Activities
Net income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (281) $ 18 $ 205
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests 90 83 90
Net income (loss) (191) 101 295
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Depreciation 279 285 290
Amortization of intangibles 46 47 50
Pension benefit expense 16 27 38
Pension contributions, net (18) (20) (17)
Equity in earnings of partially-owned affiliates, net of dividends received 36 (17) (34)
(Gain) on sale of / impairment of nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates (4) (1) 6
Premium paid on repurchase of debt - - 7
Deferred income taxes (28) (1) (124)
Non-cash impairment charges 341 9 -
Equity-based compensation 32 31 34
Other (15) 7 (4)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables 31 12 16
Inventories 75 93 126
Other assets (121) (57) (26)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (69) 90 (19)
Accrued income taxes 39 (63) 29
Cash provided (used) by operating activities 449 543 667
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures (245) (266) (252)
Sale of property, plant and equipment 34 15 26
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired - - (6)
Business divestitures 27 (2) 5
Other (2) - (2)
Cash provided (used) by investing activities (186) (253) (229)
Continued on next page
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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Adient plc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Continued)
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Financing Activities
Increase (decrease) in short-term debt 1 (1) (1)
Increase (decrease) in long-term debt 795 - 1,002
Repayment of long-term debt (803) (137) (1,104)
Debt financing costs (13) (5) (23)
Share repurchases (125) (275) (65)
Cash paid to acquire a noncontrolling interest (28) - -
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests (90) (72) (67)
Other (4) (12) (13)
Cash provided (used) by financing activities (267) (502) (271)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 17 47 (4)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 13 (165) 163
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 945 1,110 947
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 958 $ 945 $ 1,110
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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Adient plc
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
(in millions) Ordinary Shares, par value Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings
(Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Shareholders' Equity Attributable
to Adient Shareholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity
Balance at September 30, 2022 $ - $ 4,026 $ (1,108) $ (845) $ 2,073 $ 302 $ 2,375
Net income - - 205 - 205 63 268
Foreign currency translation adjustments - - - (18) (18) (2) (20)
Realized and unrealized gains on derivatives - - - 21 21 - 21
Dividends paid to and other transactions with noncontrolling interests - - - - - (45) (45)
Repurchase and retirement of ordinary shares - (65) - - (65) - (65)
Share based compensation and other - 12 - - 12 - 12
Balance at September 30, 2023 $ - $ 3,973 $ (903) $ (842) $ 2,228 $ 318 $ 2,546
Net income - - 18 - 18 45 63
Foreign currency translation adjustments - - - 181 181 6 187
Realized and unrealized losses on derivatives - - - (32) (32) - (32)
Dividends paid to and other transactions with noncontrolling interests - - - - - (60) (60)
Repurchase and retirement of ordinary shares - (275) - - (275) - (275)
Share based compensation and other - 14 - - 14 - 14
Balance at September 30, 2024 $ - $ 3,712 $ (885) $ (693) $ 2,134 $ 309 $ 2,443
Net income (loss) - - (281) - (281) 54 (227)
Foreign currency translation adjustments - - - (12) (12) (1) (13)
Realized and unrealized gains on derivatives - - - 37 37 - 37
Dividends paid to and other transactions with noncontrolling interests - - - - - (46) (46)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest - (7) - (2) (9) (19) (28)
Repurchase and retirement of ordinary shares - (125) - - (125) - (125)
Share based compensation and other - 22 - - 22 - 22
Balance at September 30, 2025 $ - $ 3,602 $ (1,166) $ (670) $ 1,766 $ 297 $ 2,063
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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Adient plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Adient is a global leader in the automotive seating supplier industry and maintains relationships with the largest global automotive original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. Adient's proprietary technologies extend into virtually every area of automotive seating solutions, including complete seating systems, frames, mechanisms, foam, head restraints, armrests and trim covers. Adient is an independent seat supplier with global scale and the capability to design, develop, engineer, manufacture, and deliver complete seat systems and components in every major automotive producing region in the world.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of Adient have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation
Adient consolidates its wholly-owned subsidiaries and those entities in which it has a controlling interest. Investments in partially-owned affiliates are accounted for by the equity method when Adient does not have a controlling interest but is assessed to have significant influence on their operations. Certain figures for comparative periods were reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Consolidated VIEs
Based upon the criteria set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation,” Adient has determined that it was the primary beneficiary in two variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for the reporting periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as Adient absorbs significant economics of the entities and has the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entities.
The two VIEs manufacture seating products in North America for the automotive industry. Adient funds the entities' short-term liquidity needs through revolving credit facilities and has the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entities through its key customer supply relationships.
The carrying amounts and classification of assets (none of which are restricted) and liabilities included in Adient's consolidated statements of financial position for the consolidated VIEs are as follows:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Current assets $ 304 $ 285
Noncurrent assets 94 98
Total assets $ 398 $ 383
Current liabilities $ 257 $ 241
Noncurrent liabilities 10 12
Total liabilities $ 267 $ 253
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The consolidated financial statements reflect management's estimates as of the reporting date. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. See Note 10, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and Note 11, “Fair Value Measurements,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for fair value of financial instruments, including derivative instruments and hedging activities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Adient considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash is managed by legal entity, with cash pooling agreements in place for all participating entities on a global basis, as applicable.
Receivables
Receivables consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers and revenues that have been recognized for accounting purposes but not yet billed to customers. Adient extends credit to customers in the normal course of business and maintains allowances resulting from the inability or unwillingness of customers to make required payments. The allowances are established based on historical data along with Adient’s assessment of expected credit losses that reflects current and forecasted industry and economic conditions, in accordance with ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. Adient enters into supply chain financing programs in certain domestic and foreign jurisdictions to either sell or discount accounts receivable without recourse to third-party institutions. Sales or discounts of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, $185 million and $170 million was funded under these programs, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.
Pre-Production Costs Related to Long-Term Supply Arrangements
Adient's policy for engineering, research and development, and other design and development costs related to products that will be sold under long-term supply arrangements requires such costs to be expensed as incurred or capitalized if reimbursement from the customer is contractually assured. Income related to recovery of these costs is recorded within selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income (loss). At September 30, 2025 and 2024, Adient recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position $365 million and $310 million, respectively, of engineering and research and development costs for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured. The reimbursable costs are recorded in other current assets if reimbursement will occur in less than one year and in other noncurrent assets if reimbursement will occur beyond one year. At September 30, 2025, Adient had $136 million and $229 million of reimbursable costs recorded in current and noncurrent assets, respectively. At September 30, 2024, Adient had $108 million and $202 million of reimbursable costs recorded in current and noncurrent assets, respectively.
Costs for molds, dies and other tools used to make products that will be sold under long-term supply arrangements are capitalized within property, plant and equipment if Adient has title to the assets or has the non-cancelable right to use the assets during the term of the supply arrangement. Capitalized items, if specifically designed for a supply arrangement, are amortized over the term of the arrangement; otherwise, amounts are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets. At September 30, 2025 and 2024, approximately $41 million and $50 million, respectively, of costs for molds, dies and other tools were capitalized within property, plant and equipment which represented assets to which Adient had title. In addition, at September 30, 2025, Adient recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position in other current and noncurrent assets $237 million and $18 million, respectively, of costs for molds, dies and other tools for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured. At September 30, 2024, Adient recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position in other current and noncurrent assets $156 million and $25 million, respectively, of costs for molds, dies and other tools for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured.
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Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The estimated useful lives range from 3 to 40 years for buildings and improvements and from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment.
Leases
Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement dates. ROU assets also include payments made in advance and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that such options are to be exercised. Adient uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate of interest it would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term to the lease in a similar economic environment, for discounting lease consideration as most lease agreements do not provide an implicit rate. Refer to Note 8, “Leases” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding Adient’s leases.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. Adient reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. Adient performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be Adient's reportable segments using a fair value method based on management's judgments and assumptions or third-party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, Adient primarily uses an income approach utilizing discounted cash flow analyses. Adient also uses a market approach utilizing published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operational and economic characteristics to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement.” The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. An impairment is recorded to the extent the estimated fair value is below the carrying amount of the reporting unit.
Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment testing if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.
Refer to Note 6, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information regarding Adient’s goodwill and other intangible assets.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Adient reviews long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, operating lease ROU assets and other intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. Adient conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” ASC 360-10-15 requires Adient to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals.
Impairment of Investments in Partially-Owned Affiliates
Adient monitors its investments in partially-owned affiliates for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value on an ongoing basis. If Adient determines that an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred, it recognizes an impairment loss, which is measured as the difference between the recorded book value and the fair value of the investment. Fair value is generally determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flows or negotiated transaction values. Refer to Note 18, “Nonconsolidated Partially-Owned Affiliates,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for more information on Adient’s partially-owned affiliates.
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Revenue Recognition
Adient provides production and service parts to its customers under awarded multi-year programs. The duration of a program is generally consistent with the life cycle of a vehicle, however, an awarded program does not reach the level of a performance obligation until Adient receives either a purchase order and/or a materials release from the customer for a specific number of parts at a specified price, at which point an enforceable contract exists. Sales revenue is recognized at the point in time when parts are shipped and control has transferred to the customer, at which point an enforceable right to payment exists. Contracts may provide for annual price reductions over the production life of the awarded program, and prices are adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect changes in product content/cost and other commercial factors. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that Adient expects to be entitled to in exchange for such products based on purchase orders, annual price reductions and ongoing price adjustments. Refer to Note 2, “Revenue Recognition,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information on Adient's revenue recognition.
Customers
Essentially all of Adient’s sales are to the automotive industry. Ford Motor Company comprised 11%, 12% and 11% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, across all segments. Volkswagen Group comprised 10%, 13% and 11% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily within the EMEA segment. Stellantis N.V. comprised 10% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2025 and 2023 within the Americas and EMEA segments.
Research and Development Costs
Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement (other than those expenditures that are contractually guaranteed for reimbursement from the customer) are charged against income as incurred and included within selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Such expenditures for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $387 million, $372 million and $362 million, respectively. A portion of these costs associated with these activities are reimbursed by customers in the amounts of $288 million, $280 million and $250 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Government Assistance
Adient periodically receives government incentives in the forms of cash grants which are based on making qualifying capital investments in property, plant and equipment. Such assistance is initially recorded as a reduction to property, plant and equipment. Once in use, the balance is systematically recognized in the statements of income (loss) as the asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. Adient also periodically receives government assistance for creating new job opportunities and maintaining a certain number of employees. Such employment-related incentives are normally deferred as current or noncurrent liabilities as appropriate. These benefits are recognized in the statements of income (loss) as a reduction of expense when Adient has met or is expected to meet all related contractual obligations. The impact of government assistance received by Adient and related balances for all periods presented were immaterial.
Foreign Currency Translation
Adient's international operations, in general, use the respective local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of international entities have been translated at period-end exchange rates, and income and expenses have been translated using average exchange rates for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies are adjusted to reflect period-end exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The aggregate transaction gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $(8) million, $(3) million and $4 million, respectively.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair values of all derivatives are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position. The change in a derivative's fair value is recorded each period in current earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income, depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and if so, the type of hedge transaction. Refer to Note 10, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and Note 11, “Fair Value Measurements,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of Adient's derivative instruments and hedging activities.
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Restructuring Costs
Adient recognizes restructuring costs that are probable and reasonably estimable related to separation programs that have been approved by and are committed to by management. In these situations, the affected employees are identified and it is unlikely that actions required to complete the separation plan will change significantly. These costs are included in restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Refer to Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
Costs associated with benefits that are contingent on certain employees continuing to provide services during a transition period are recorded over the required service period. All other costs associated with restructuring activities, such as costs to relocate machinery and equipment and costs to finalize the closing of a plant or dissolving a legal entity after production has ceased, are expensed as incurred. Refer to Note 17, “Segment Information,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation is initially measured at the fair value of the awards on the grant date and is recognized in the financial statements over the period the employees are required to provide services in exchange for the awards. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the number of units granted and the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of performance-based share unit, or PSU, awards is based on the stock price at the grant date and the assessed probability of meeting future performance targets. The fair value of cash settled awards are recalculated at the end of each reporting period and the liability and expense are adjusted based on the new fair value. Refer to Note 12, “Stock-Based Compensation,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for Adient's stock based compensation disclosures.
Pension Benefits
Adient utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 14, “Retirement Plans,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of Adient's pension benefit plans.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Adient records a valuation allowance that primarily represents operating and other loss carryforwards for which realization is uncertain. Management judgment is required in determining Adient's provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance recorded against Adient's net deferred tax assets.
Adient reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or combined group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to Adient's valuation allowances may be necessary.
Adient is subject to income taxes in Ireland, the U.S. and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of Adient's business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Adient's income tax returns for various fiscal years remain under audit by the respective tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.
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Adient does not generally provide for additional income taxes which would become payable upon repatriation of undistributed earnings of wholly owned foreign subsidiaries. Adient's intent is for such earnings to be reinvested by the subsidiaries or to be repatriated only when it would be tax efficient.
Refer to Note 16, “Income Taxes,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for Adient's income tax disclosures.
Earnings Per Share
The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions, except per share data) 2025 2024 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (281) $ 18 $ 205
Denominator:
Shares outstanding 83.0 89.5 94.5
Effect of dilutive securities - 0.6 0.9
Diluted shares 83.0 90.1 95.4
Earnings (Loss) per share:
Basic $ (3.39) $ 0.20 $ 2.17
Diluted $ (3.39) $ 0.20 $ 2.15
Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for fiscal 2025 as the effect would have been anti-dilutive due to being in a loss position. The effect of common stock equivalents which would have been anti-dilutive was excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for fiscal 2024 and 2023 and was immaterial.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Standards Adopted During Fiscal 2025
On October 1, 2024, Adient adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures which requires additional disclosures on significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”). The ASU also requires additional disclosures of an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The new guidance is applied retrospectively in Adient's fiscal 2025 annual filing on Form 10-K and in subsequent quarterly filings on Form 10-Q. The adoption of this guidance has resulted in incremental segment information disclosures within the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements but did not have an impact on Adient’s financial position and results of operations. Refer to Note 17, “Segment Information” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.
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Standards Effective After Fiscal 2025
Adient has considered the new standards that are summarized below, each to be effective after fiscal 2025, which are not expected to significantly impact the consolidated financial statements:
Standard to be Adopted Description Date Effective
ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures The ASU requires disclosure of additional details about the reporting entity's reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The ASU also requires further disaggregation of income tax amounts paid by federal, state and foreign, as well as by material jurisdiction. October 1, 2025
ASU 2025-05 Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts
Receivable and Contract Assets (Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) The ASU provides a practical expedient and an accounting policy election under which conditions at the period-end date can be assumed to remain unchanged for an asset’s remaining life when estimating credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions under ASC 606 Revenue from contracts with customers. The update is expected to simplify the credit loss assessment when applying Topic 326. October 1, 2026
ASU 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive
Income - Expense: Disaggregation Disclosures
(Subtopic 220-40) The ASU requires disclosures of specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements at each interim and annual reporting period, including: the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. It also requires disclosures of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. October 1, 2027
ASU 2025-06 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software The ASU amends the timing for capitalizing eligible internal use software costs. Under the new guidance, an entity is required to start capitalizing software costs when both of the following occur: 1) Management has authorized and committed to funding the software project. 2) It is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). The ASU does not change the types of costs eligible for capitalization or the associated amortization and impairment guidance. October 1, 2028
2. Revenue Recognition
Adient generates revenue through the sale of automotive seating solutions, including complete seating systems and the components of complete seating systems. Adient provides production and service parts to its customers under awarded multi-year programs. The duration of a program is generally consistent with the life cycle of a vehicle, however, the program can be canceled at any time without cause by the customer. Programs awarded to Adient to supply parts to its customers do not contain a firm commitment by the customer for volume or price and do not reach the level of a performance obligation until Adient receives either a purchase order and/or a materials release from the customer for a specific number of parts at a specified price, at which point an enforceable contract exists. Sales revenue is generally recognized at the point in time when parts are shipped and control has transferred to the customer, at which point an enforceable right to payment exists. Contracts may provide for annual price reductions over the production life of the awarded program, and prices are adjusted on an ongoing basis to reflect changes in product content/cost and other commercial factors. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that Adient expects to be entitled to in exchange for such products based on purchase orders, annual price reductions and ongoing price adjustments (some of which are accounted for as variable consideration and subject to being constrained), net of the impact, if any, of consideration paid to the customer. Approximately 1% of net sales recorded in each of the last three fiscal years were related to product sales transacted in prior fiscal years.
In pursuit of new program awards, Adient at times agrees to make upfront payments to customers. Each time such a payment is made, Adient evaluates its nature, the underlying economics, legal and compliance ramifications, and other relevant factors and circumstances. These payments are deemed to be consideration payable to customers and are generally recognized as a reduction to revenue once mutually agreed. Certain upfront payments, however, are capitalized as other current and noncurrent assets if they are determined to be incremental, attributable only to the specific new program being awarded, and recoverable.
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As products under the new program are sold to the customer, the capitalized amount is amortized and recognized as a reduction to revenue over the term of the program, typically between three and seven years. Adient assesses recoverability of the capitalized amounts on an on-going basis. Any amounts that are concluded to be no longer recoverable are immediately recognized as a reduction to revenue. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, Adient maintained capitalized upfront payments of $174 million and $155 million, respectively, within other noncurrent assets.
In a typical arrangement with the customer, purchase orders are issued for pre-production activities which consist of engineering, design and development, tooling and prototypes for the manufacture and delivery of component parts. Adient has concluded that these activities are not in the scope of ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”
Adient includes shipping and handling fees billed to customers in revenue, while including costs of shipping and handling in cost of sales. Taxes collected from customers are excluded from revenue and credited directly to obligations to the appropriate government agencies. Payment terms with customers are established based on customary industry and regional practices and do not contain significant financing components.
Contract assets primarily relate to the right to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date on contracts with customers. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional. Contract liabilities primarily relate to contracts where advance payments or deposits have been received, but performance obligations have not yet been satisfied and revenue has not been recognized. No material contract assets or liabilities exist at September 30, 2025 and 2024. As described above, the issuance of a purchase order and/or a materials release by the customer represents the point at which an enforceable contract with the customer exists. Therefore, Adient has elected to apply the practical expedient in ASC 606 and does not disclose information about the remaining performance obligations that have an original expected duration of one year or less. Refer to Note 17, “Segment Information,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disaggregated revenue by geographical market.
3. Acquisitions and Divestitures
2025 Transaction
During the first quarter of fiscal 2025, Adient acquired all of the noncontrolling interest in Technotrim, Inc. (“Technotrim”) for a value of $28 million and sold all of its partially-owned interests in Setex, Inc. and Setex SRL (together as “Setex”) for a value of $27 million. The sale of Setex resulted in a one-time gain of $4 million. The acquisition of all noncontrolling interest in Technotrim was recorded to equity. The transactions are expected to provide additional synergies through optimization of Adient's manufacturing footprint and additional control over its manufacturing presence in the Americas.
2024 Transaction
In November 2023, Adient finalized the sale of 51% of its interest (previously held 100%) in Adient (Langfang) Seating Co., Ltd. (“LFADNT”) in China for ¥44 million ($6 million), resulting in the deconsolidation of LFADNT, including $9 million of cash. Adient recorded an $8 million loss as a result of the transaction in the Asia segment, including $5 million of allocated goodwill.
2023 Transactions
Adient completed the acquisition of Nantong Yanfeng Adient Seating Trim Co., Ltd. (“YFAT”) from KEIPER Seating Mechanisms Co., Ltd. (“KEIPER”), in April 2023 for ¥150 million ($23 million). Adient made an initial deposit of ¥75 million ($12 million) in fiscal 2022, which represents 50% of the purchase price. During fiscal 2023, Adient paid the remaining purchase price of ¥75 million ($11 million). The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method, and the operating results and cash flows of YFAT are included in Adient's consolidated financial statements starting from May 2023. The acquisition has provided additional synergies within the Asia segment. Adient recorded a purchase price allocation for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the April 2023 acquisition date, which included $13 million of goodwill and $5 million of acquired cash. The allocation of the purchase price is based on the valuations performed to determine the fair value of the net assets as of the acquisition date. Upon acquisition, YFAT was renamed as Adient (Nantong) Automotive Seating Components Co., Ltd.
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4. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Raw materials and supplies $ 522 $ 582
Work-in-process 29 29
Finished goods 144 147
Inventories $ 695 $ 758
5. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Buildings and improvements $ 1,068 $ 1,031
Machinery and equipment 3,399 3,245
Construction in progress 172 152
Land 81 86
Total property, plant and equipment 4,720 4,514
Less: accumulated depreciation (3,311) (3,104)
Property, plant and equipment - net $ 1,409 $ 1,410
There were no material finance leases included in net property, plant and equipment at September 30, 2025 and 2024.
As of September 30, 2025, Adient is the lessor of properties included in gross building and improvements for $15 million and accumulated depreciation of $11 million. As of September 30, 2024, Adient is the lessor of properties included in gross building and improvements for $14 million and accumulated depreciation of $10 million.
6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia Total
Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 609 $ 317 $ 1,168 $ 2,094
Business acquisitions - - (5) (5)
Currency translation and other (3) 24 54 75
Balance at September 30, 2024 $ 606 $ 341 $ 1,217 $ 2,164
Impairments - (333) - (333)
Currency translation and other 1 (8) (17) (24)
Balance at September 30, 2025 $ 607 $ - $ 1,200 $ 1,807
Refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2025, Adient identified a triggering event requiring a quantitative impairment analysis primarily due to the continued and sustained decline in the market value of its ordinary shares resulting from the uncertainties surrounding future production volume within the automotive industry. These uncertainties were the result of a combination of
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factors including weakening consumer demand due in part to vehicle affordability, the direct and indirect impacts resulting from the imposition of U.S. and foreign tariffs, market share loss for foreign/luxury OEMs in the Asia reporting unit combined with modest expected margin declines as Adient continues to win new business with local OEMs in China, intensifying competition from Chinese imports, lower exports to China from EMEA as domestic brands expand in China and overcapacity in the EMEA reporting unit resulting in pricing pressure, along with continued disruptions caused by slower electric vehicle adoption rates. The analysis was performed using a fair value method based on management's judgments and assumptions regarding future cash flows for all three reporting units. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement.” These calculations contained uncertainties as they require management to make assumptions about market comparables, future cash flows, and the appropriate discount rates (based on weighted average cost of capital ranging from 16.5% to 21.0%) to reflect the risk inherent in the future cash flows and to derive a reasonable enterprise value and related premium. The estimated future cash flows reflected management's updated assumptions of the financial projections based on anticipated competitive landscape, including estimates of revenue based on production volumes over the foreseeable future and long-term growth rates, and operating margins based on historical trends and future cost containment activities. The financial projections considered the impact of all of the factors identified above, which contributed to a reduction in reporting unit level and overall fair value. As a result of the quantitative assessment and for the factors stated above, a $333 million non-cash goodwill impairment was recorded in the EMEA reporting unit during the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This amount is reflected in restructuring and impairment costs within the consolidated statements of income (loss). No amounts of goodwill remain recorded in EMEA. The difference between the fair value and carrying value of the Americas and Asia reporting units both modestly exceeded 10% at March 31, 2025.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, Adient performed its annual goodwill impairment test using a fair value method based on management's judgments and assumptions regarding future cash flows. Based on updated assumptions about market comparables, future cash flows, and the appropriate discount rates (based on weighted average cost of capital ranging from 15.5% to 20.0%), no goodwill impairment was recorded at September 30, 2025. The fair values of both the Americas and Asia reporting units are higher at September 30, 2025 reflecting the increase in the overall market value of Adient’s ordinary shares and generating higher levels of fair value in excess of carrying value for both reporting units. If further degradation in economic conditions occur, Adient’s reporting units may incur significant impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets. Adient generally assumes operating margins in future years will normalize over time as the current year results are not indicative of market participant expectations primarily due to the current challenging market conditions as mentioned above. Management believes this is consistent with a market participant view. There are also expectations for enhanced profitability and cash flows driven by near-term efficiency actions, strategic review of portfolio and reduction of capital expenditures. Long-term profitability and cash flows will also be impacted by the expiration of underperforming contracts along with restructuring benefits taking full effect.
Adient's other intangible assets, primarily from business acquisitions valued based on independent appraisals, consisted of:
September 30, 2025 September 30, 2024
(in millions) Gross
Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Net Gross
Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Net
Intangible assets
Patented technology $ 81 $ (45) $ 36 $ 81 $ (39) $ 42
Customer relationships 537 (265) 272 563 (246) 317
Trademarks and other 15 (4) 11 25 (13) 12
Total intangible assets $ 633 $ (314) $ 319 $ 669 $ (298) $ 371
Amortization of other intangible assets for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $46 million, $47 million and $50 million, respectively. Adient anticipates amortization for fiscal 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029 and 2030 will be approximately $46 million, $26 million, $19 million, $19 million and $19 million, respectively.
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7. Product Warranty
Adient offers warranties to its customers depending upon the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. A typical warranty program requires that Adient replace defective products within a specified time period from the date of sale. Adient records an estimate for future warranty-related costs based on actual historical return rates and other known factors. Based on analysis of return rates and other factors, Adient's warranty provisions are adjusted as necessary. Adient monitors its warranty activity and adjusts its reserve estimates when it is probable that future warranty costs will be different than those estimates. Adient's product warranty liability is recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position in other current liabilities.
The changes in Adient's total product warranty liability are as follows:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Balance at beginning of period $ 22 $ 21
Accruals for warranties issued during the period 4 7
Settlements made (in cash or in kind) during the period (4) (6)
Balance at end of period $ 22 $ 22
8. Leases
Adient's lease portfolio consists of operating leases for real estate including production facilities, warehouses and administrative offices, equipment such as forklifts, computer servers, laptops and fleet vehicles. Adient has elected not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on its consolidated statement of financial position.
A lease liability and corresponding ROU asset are recognized based on the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments, Adient uses its incremental borrowing rate as of lease commencement. The incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) is defined as the rate Adient would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Adient primarily derives its IBR from its debt portfolio, adjusted for collateralization, lease term and jurisdictional factors.
The components of lease costs for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Operating lease cost $ 111 $ 108 $ 108
Short-term lease cost 26 29 29
Total lease cost $ 137 $ 137 $ 137
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Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities included in the consolidated statement of financial position were as follows:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets Other noncurrent assets $ 259 $ 248
Operating lease liabilities - current Other current liabilities $ 82 $ 78
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent Other noncurrent liabilities 176 168
$ 258 $ 246
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases 5 years 5 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases 6.0 % 6.2 %
Maturities of operating lease liabilities and minimum payments for operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year as of September 30, 2025 were as follows:
Fiscal years (in millions) Operating Leases
2026 $ 93
2027 71
2028 48
2029 30
2030 20
Thereafter 37
Total lease payments 299
Less: imputed interest (41)
Present value of lease liabilities $ 258
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases (non-cash activity) $ 96 $ 84 $ 35
Operating cash flows:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities $ 110 $ 108 $ 108
Adient’s finance leases were not significant to the consolidated financial statements during fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information.
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9. Debt and Financing Arrangements
Long-term and short-term debt consisted of the following:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Long-term debt:
8.25% Notes due 2031
$ 500 $ 500
7.00% Secured Notes due 2028
500 500
Term Loan B due in 2031 626 632
4.875% Notes due in 2026
- 795
7.50% Notes due in 2033
795 -
Other bank borrowings and finance lease obligations 5 5
Less: debt issuance costs (31) (28)
Gross long-term debt 2,395 2,404
Less: current portion 9 8
Net long-term debt $ 2,386 $ 2,396
Short-term debt:
Other bank borrowings (1)
2 1
Total short-term debt $ 2 $ 1
(1) The weighted average interest rates on short-term debts, based on levels of debt maintained in various jurisdictions, were 3.7% and 5.4% at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Adient US LLC (“Adient US”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Adient, together with certain of Adient's other subsidiaries, maintains an asset-based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Credit Facility”), which provides for a revolving line of credit up to $1,250 million, including a North American subfacility of up to $950 million and a European subfacility of up to $300 million, subject to borrowing base capacity and certain other restrictions, including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The ABL Credit Facility is set to mature on November 2, 2027, subject to certain springing maturity provisions. Adient will pay a commitment fee of 0.25% to 0.375% on the unused portion of the commitments under the asset-based revolving credit facility based on average global availability. Letters of credit are limited to the lesser of (x) $150 million and (y) the aggregate unused amount of commitments under the ABL Credit Facility then in effect. Subject to certain conditions, the ABL Credit Facility may be expanded by up to $250 million in additional commitments. Loans under the ABL Credit Facility may be denominated, at the option of Adient, in U.S. Dollars, Euros, Pounds Sterling or Swedish Krona. It also provides flexibility for future amendments to the ABL Facility to incorporate certain sustainability-based pricing provisions. The ABL Credit Agreement is secured on a first-priority lien on all accounts receivable, inventory and bank accounts (and funds on deposit therein) and a second-priority lien on all of the tangible and intangible assets of certain Adient subsidiaries. Interest is payable on the ABL Credit Facility at a fluctuating rate of interest determined by reference to Term SOFR, in the case of amounts outstanding in Dollars, EURIBOR, in the case of amounts outstanding in Euros, STIBOR, in the case of amounts outstanding in Swedish Krona and SONIA, in the case of amounts outstanding in Pounds Sterling, in each case, plus an applicable margin of 1.50% to 2.00%. As of September 30, 2025, Adient had not drawn down on the ABL Credit Facility and had availability under this facility of approximately $814 million (net of $8 million of letters of credit). In October 2025, Adient amended the ABL Credit Facility agreement, reducing the maximum facility from $1,250 million to $1,000 million (consisting of a North American subfacility of up to $895 million and a European subfacility of up to $105 million) and extending the maturity date to October 2030. Under the amended agreement, the commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments is lowered from 0.25% - 0.375% to 0.20% - 0.25%. The range of applicable interest margin was also updated from 1.50% - 2.00% to 1.25% - 1.75%.
In addition, Adient Global Holdings S.à r.l., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adient, maintains a senior secured term loan facility (the “Term Loan B Agreement”) that had an outstanding balance of $625 million as of September 30, 2025. During fiscal 2024, the Term Loan B Agreement was amended to reduce the applicable margin from 3.25% to 2.75% and extend final maturity to January 31, 2031 (which maturity was previously April 8, 2028). Adient incurred $5 million of costs associated with the modification, of which $4 million was recorded as deferred financing costs. During fiscal 2025, the Term Loan B Agreement
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was further amended to reduce the applicable margin from 2.75% to 2.25%. Adient incurred $1 million of costs associated with the modification, which was recorded as deferred financing costs. The Term Loan B Agreement amortizes in equal quarterly installments at a rate of 1.00% per annum of the original principal amount thereof, with the remaining balance due at final maturity. The Term Loan B Agreement also permits Adient to incur incremental term loans in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of $750 million and an unlimited amount subject to a pro forma first lien secured net leverage ratio of not greater than 1.75 to 1.00 and certain other conditions. Interest on the Term Loan B Agreement accrues at Term SOFR plus an applicable margin.
The ABL Credit Facility and Term Loan B Agreement contain covenants that are usual and customary for facilities and debt instruments of this type and that, among other things, restrict the ability of Adient and its restricted subsidiaries to: create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; create, assume, incur or guarantee certain indebtedness; pay dividends or make other distributions on, or repurchase or redeem, Adient’s capital stock or certain other debt; make other restricted payments; and consolidate or merge with, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of Adient’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ assets, to another person. These covenants are subject to a number of other limitations and exceptions set forth in the agreements. The agreements also provide for customary events of default, including, but not limited to, cross-default clauses with other debt arrangements, failure to pay principal and interest, failure to comply with covenants, agreements or conditions, and certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency involving Adient and its significant subsidiaries.
Adient Global Holdings Ltd. (“AGH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adient, maintains (i) $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 7% senior secured notes due 2028 and (ii) $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.250% senior unsecured notes due 2031. Interest on both of these notes are paid on April 15 and October 15 each year. These notes contain covenants that are usual and customary.
AGH also previously maintained 4.875% USD-denominated unsecured notes due 2026. The aggregate principal amount of these notes was $795 million as of September 30, 2024. In February 2025, AGH issued $795 million (net proceeds of $783 million) in aggregate principal amount of 7.50% senior unsecured notes. Adient incurred $12 million of costs associated with the transaction, which was recorded as deferred financing costs. Proceeds from the sale of the notes, together with cash on hand, were used to fully redeem AGH's 4.875% senior unsecured notes in March 2025. Upon redemption of the 4.875% notes, Adient wrote off $2 million of previously deferred financing costs associated with the notes to net financing charges. The new notes mature on February 15, 2033 and bear interest at a rate of 7.50% per annum. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing on August 15, 2025. These notes also contain covenants that are usual and customary.
Principal payments required on long-term debt during the next five years are as follows:
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Thereafter
Principal payments $ 6 $ 6 $ 506 $ 6 $ 6 $ 1,891
Net Financing Charges
Adient's net financing charges in the consolidated statements of income (loss) contained the following components:
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest costs $ 201 $ 191 $ 186
Banking fees and debt issuance cost amortization 16 18 20
Interest income (24) (28) (22)
Premium paid on repurchase of debt - - 7
Net foreign exchange - 8 4
Net financing charges $ 193 $ 189 $ 195
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Banking fees in fiscal 2025 and 2023 includes $2 million and $4 million, respectively, of one-time accelerated-deferred financing fee charges associated with voluntary repayments of debt. Total interest paid on both short and long-term debt for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $183 million, $187 million and $132 million, respectively.
Other Arrangements
Adient enters into supply chain financing programs in certain domestic and foreign jurisdictions to either sell or discount accounts receivable without recourse to third-party institutions. Sales or discounts of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, $185 million and $170 million was funded under these programs, respectively.
Adient also has a program with an external financial institution under which Adient's suppliers can sell their receivables from Adient to the financial institution at their sole discretion. Adient is not a party to the agreements between the participating suppliers and the financial institution. Adient's obligation under the program is to pay the original amounts of supplier invoices to the financial institution on the original invoice dates. No fees are paid and no assets are pledged by Adient. The payment terms for trade payables can range from 45 days to 120 days depending on types of services and goods being purchased. The payment terms for molds, dies and other tools that are acquired as part of pre-production activities are in general longer, and are normally dependent on the terms which Adient has agreed with its customers. As of September 30, 2025, Adient's liabilities related to this program were $105 million which is recorded within accounts payable ($16 million) and other current liabilities ($89 million) in Adient’s consolidated statements of financial position. As of September 30, 2024, Adient's liabilities related to this program were $76 million which is recorded within accounts payable ($5 million) and other current liabilities ($71 million) in Adient’s consolidated statements of financial position. Cash flows related to the program are all presented within operating activities in Adient's consolidated statements of cash flows.
A summary of Adient’s outstanding obligations under the supplier finance program for the year ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:
(in millions) Year Ended September 30, 2025
Balance at beginning of period $ 76
Invoices confirmed 122
Confirmed invoices paid (96)
Currency translations 3
Balance at end of period $ 105
10. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Adient selectively uses derivative instruments to reduce Adient's market risk associated with changes in foreign currency. Under Adient's policy, the use of derivatives is restricted to those intended for hedging purposes; the use of any derivative instrument for speculative purposes is strictly prohibited. A description of each type of derivative utilized to manage Adient's risk is included in the following paragraphs. In addition, refer to Note 11, “Fair Value Measurements,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information related to the fair value measurements and valuation methods utilized by Adient for each derivative type.
Adient has global operations and participates in the foreign exchange markets to minimize its risk of loss from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Adient primarily uses foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge certain foreign exchange rate exposures. Adient hedges 70% to 90% of the nominal amount of each of its known foreign exchange transactional exposures. Gains and losses on derivative contracts offset gains and losses on underlying foreign currency exposures. These contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” and the hedge gains or losses due to changes in fair value are initially recorded as a component of AOCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged transactions occur and affect earnings. All contracts were highly effective in hedging the variability in future cash flows attributable to changes in currency exchange rates at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Adient also utilizes foreign currency exchange contracts and cross currency interest rate swap contracts to selectively hedge portions of its investments in foreign subsidiaries. Such contracts are designated as net investment hedges, with the objective of managing the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on Adient’s net investments. The currency effects of such contracts are reflected in the AOCI account within shareholders’ equity attributable to Adient, where gains and losses recorded on Adient’s net investment are offset.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, Adient entered into cross-currency interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $325 million in order to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with its net investment in European subsidiaries. The currency remeasurement impacts of the instruments are reflected in the AOCI account within shareholders' equity attributable to Adient where they offset gains and losses recorded on Adient's net investment in Europe. These agreements expire over a three-year period and have been designated as net investment hedges of Adient's Euro denominated subsidiaries. Under the terms of the agreements, Adient receives fixed-rate interest payments in U.S. dollar at a weighted average rate of 1.85% and pays 0.00% on the fixed-rate Euro leg. The interest rate differentials are recorded within net financing charges on the consolidated statement of income (loss).
During the third quarter of fiscal 2025, Adient entered into a ¥559 million ($78 million) foreign currency exchange contract to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in China. The contract is set to mature in October 2026.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, Adient entered into a ¥570 million ($78 million) foreign currency exchange contract to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in China. In October 2025, a portion of the contract totaling ¥413 million ($56 million) matured, the impact of which was not material. The remainder of the contract is set to mature in June 2026.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, Adient entered into a ¥685 million ($96 million) foreign exchange forward contract to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in China. Adient de-designated the majority of the contracted amount during fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, resulting in an outstanding contract amount of ¥120 million ($17 million) as of September 30, 2024. The contract matured during the first quarter of fiscal 2025, the impact of which was not material.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, Adient entered into a ¥240 million ($35 million) foreign exchange forward contract to selectively hedge portions of its net investment in China. During fiscal 2023, the foreign exchange forward contract matured, the impact of which was not material.
The €123 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50% Euro-denominated unsecured notes paid off in August 2024 was previously designated as a net investment hedge to selectively hedge portions of Adient's net investment in Europe. The currency effects of Adient's Euro-denominated notes are reflected in the AOCI account within shareholders' equity attributable to Adient where they offset gains and losses recorded on Adient's net investment in Europe. During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, Adient de-designated these notes as a net investment hedge concurrent with entering into a foreign exchange forward contract designated as a fair value hedge of the principal balance on the 3.50% notes. The impact of foreign currency changes on the notes and the contract were recorded in net financing charges until payment of the notes and maturity of the foreign exchange forward contract in August 2024.
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The following table presents the location and fair values of derivative instruments and other amounts used in hedging activities included in Adient's consolidated statements of financial position:
Derivatives and Hedging
Activities Designated as
Hedging Instruments
under ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging
Activities Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
under ASC 815
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Other current assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $ 32 $ 9 $ 4 $ 6
Other noncurrent assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives 1 1 - 2
Total assets $ 33 $ 10 $ 4 $ 8
Other current liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $ 7 $ 32 $ - $ -
Cross-currency interest rate swaps 1 - - -
Other noncurrent liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives 2 9 1 -
Cross-currency interest rate swaps 3 - - -
Total liabilities $ 13 $ 41 $ 1 $ -
Adient enters into International Swaps and Derivatives Associations master netting agreements with counterparties that permit the net settlement of amounts owed under the derivative contracts. The master netting agreements generally provide for net settlement of all outstanding contracts with a counterparty in the case of an event of default or a termination event. Adient has not elected to offset the fair value positions of the derivative contracts recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position. Collateral is generally not required of Adient or the counterparties under the master netting agreements. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, no cash collateral was received or pledged under the master netting agreements.
The gross and net amounts of derivative instruments and other amounts used in hedging activities are as follows:
Assets Liabilities
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Gross amount recognized $ 37 $ 18 $ 14 $ 41
Gross amount eligible for offsetting (10) (9) (10) (9)
Net amount $ 27 $ 9 $ 4 $ 32
The following table presents the effective portion of pretax gains (losses) recorded in other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges:
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $ 46 $ (2) $ 89
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The following table presents the location and amount of the effective portion of pretax gains (losses) on cash flow hedges reclassified from AOCI into Adient's consolidated statements of income (loss):
(in millions) Year Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2023
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Cost of sales $ (8) $ 46 $ 66
During the next twelve months, $28 million of pretax gain on cash flow hedges are expected to be reclassified from AOCI into Adient's consolidated statements of income (loss).
The following table presents the location and amount of pretax gains (losses) on fair value hedge activity in Adient's consolidated statements of income (loss):
(in millions) Year Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2023
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Net financing charges $ - $ 1 $ -
The following table presents the location and amount of pretax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments recognized in Adient's consolidated statements of income (loss):
(in millions) Year Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2023
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Cost of sales $ 4 $ (8) $ 8
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Net financing charges (12) 22 (10)
Total $ (8) $ 14 $ (2)
The effective portion of pretax gains (losses) recorded in currency translation adjustment (“CTA”) within other comprehensive income (loss) related to net investment hedges was $(5) million, $(5) million and $(67) million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, no significant gains or losses were reclassified from CTA into income for Adient's outstanding net investment hedges.
For the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, no gains or losses were recognized in income for the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges.
11. Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes information used in developing assumptions when pricing an asset or liability as follows:
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3: Unobservable inputs where there is little or no market data, which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
ASC 820 requires the use of observable market data, when available, in making fair value measurements. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
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Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present Adient's fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value. Refer to Note 14, “Retirement Plans,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for fair value tables of pension assets.
Fair Value Measurements Using:
(in millions) Total as of
September 30,
2025 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Other current assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $ 36 $ - $ 36 $ -
Other noncurrent assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives 1 - 1 -
Total assets $ 37 $ - $ 37 $ -
Other current liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $ 7 $ - $ 7 $ -
Cross currency interest rate swaps 1 - 1 -
Other noncurrent liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives 3 - 3 -
Cross currency interest rate swaps 3 - 3 -
Total liabilities $ 14 $ - $ 14 $ -
Fair Value Measurements Using:
(in millions) Total as of
September 30,
2024 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Other current assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $ 15 $ - $ 15 $ -
Other noncurrent assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives 3 - 3 -
Total assets $ 18 $ - $ 18 $ -
Other current liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives $ 32 $ - $ 32 $ -
Other noncurrent liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives 9 - 9 -
Total liabilities $ 41 $ - $ 41 $ -
Valuation Methods
Foreign currency exchange derivatives Adient selectively hedges anticipated transactions and net investments that are subject to foreign exchange rate risk primarily using foreign currency exchange hedge contracts. The foreign currency exchange derivatives are valued under a market approach using publicized spot and forward prices. Changes in fair value on foreign exchange derivatives accounted for as hedging instruments under ASC 815 are initially recorded as a component of AOCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged transactions occur and affect earnings. These contracts were highly effective in hedging the variability in future cash flows attributable to changes in currency exchange rates at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The changes in fair value of foreign currency exchange derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 are recorded in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
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The fair value of long-term debt, which was $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion at both September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, was determined primarily using market quotes classified as Level 1 inputs within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy.
12. Stock-Based Compensation
Adient provides certain key employees equity awards in the form of restricted stock units (“RSU”) and performance share units (“PSUs”) under the Adient plc 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan and the Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (collectively, the “Plan”). Adient also provides directors with share awards under the Adient plc 2016 Director Share Plan and the Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
Total stock-based compensation cost included in the consolidated statements of income (loss) was $32 million, $31 million and $34 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. No material income tax benefits were recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) for the share-based compensation arrangements in any of these years due to tax valuation allowances in those years.
The following tables present activity related to the granting of awards during the year ended September 30, 2025 along with the composition of outstanding and exercisable awards at September 30, 2025.
Restricted Stock
The Plan provides for the award of restricted stock or restricted stock units to certain employees. These awards are typically share settled except for certain non-U.S. employees which are settled in cash. Cash settled awards are recorded in Adient's consolidated statements of financial position as a liability and adjusted each reporting period for changes in share value until the settlement of the award. Restricted stock awards typically vest over a three year period following the grant date. The Plan allows for different vesting terms on specific grants with approval by Adient's Board of Directors.
A summary of the status of nonvested restricted stock awards at September 30, 2025, and changes for the fiscal year then ended, is presented below:
Weighted
Average
Price Restricted Shares/Units
Nonvested, September 30, 2024
$ 35.36 1,190,664
Granted 20.33 1,383,034
Vested 37.00 (520,290)
Forfeited 25.96 (77,806)
Nonvested, September 30, 2025
$ 24.78 1,975,602
At September 30, 2025, Adient had approximately $24 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock arrangements granted. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
Performance Share Awards
The Plan permits the grant of PSU awards. The number of PSUs granted is equal to the PSU award value divided by the closing price of a Adient ordinary share at the grant date. The PSUs are generally contingent on the achievement of predetermined performance goals over a three-year performance period as well as on the award holder's continuous employment until the vesting date. Each PSU that is earned will be settled with an ordinary share of Adient following the completion of the performance period except for certain non-U.S. employees which are settled in cash. Cash settled awards are recorded in Adient's consolidated statements of financial position as a liability and adjusted each reporting period for changes in share value until the settlement of the award.
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A summary of the status of Adient's nonvested PSUs at September 30, 2025, and changes for the fiscal year then ended is presented below:
Weighted
Average
Price Performance Shares/Units
Nonvested, September 30, 2024
$ 38.39 807,629
Granted 20.40 759,815
Vested 46.79 (119,367)
Forfeited 44.28 (117,072)
Nonvested, September 30, 2025
$ 26.85 1,331,005
At September 30, 2025, Adient had approximately $11 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested performance share units granted. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
13. Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
The following table presents changes in AOCI attributable to Adient:
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance at beginning of period $ (673) $ (854) $ (836)
Aggregate adjustment for the period, net of tax (14) 181 (18)
Balance at end of period (1)
(687) (673) (854)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives
Balance at beginning of period (19) 13 (8)
Current period changes in fair value, net of tax 30 (1) 79
Reclassification to income, net of tax 7 (31) (58)
Balance at end of period 18 (19) 13
Pension plans
Balance at beginning of period (1) (1) (1)
Net reclassifications to AOCI - - -
Balance at end of period (1) (1) (1)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period $ (670) $ (693) $ (842)
(1) Foreign currency translation adjustments as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 include gains (losses) on designated net investment hedge instruments of $(7) million and $(4) million, respectively. During the next twelve months, no significant gains or losses are expected to be reclassified from AOCI into Adient's consolidated statements of income (loss).
Adient consolidates certain subsidiaries in which the noncontrolling interest party has within their control the right to require Adient to redeem all or a portion of its interest in the subsidiary. These redeemable noncontrolling interests are reported at their estimated redemption value. Any adjustment to the redemption value impacts retained earnings but does not impact net income. Redeemable noncontrolling interests which are redeemable only upon future events, the occurrence of which is not currently probable, are recorded at carrying value. The following table presents changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interests:
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Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Beginning balance $ 91 $ 57 $ 45
Net income (1)
36 38 27
Dividends (31) (21) (18)
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1) 17 3
Ending balance $ 95 $ 91 $ 57
(1) During fiscal 2024, a $5 million adjustment was recorded to increase income attributable to noncontrolling interest related to fiscal 2023.
Repurchases of Equity Securities
In November 2022, Adient’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of Adient’s ordinary shares up to an aggregate purchase price of $600 million with no expiration date. Under the share repurchase authorization, Adient’s ordinary shares may be purchased either through discretionary purchases on the open market, by block trades or privately negotiated transactions. The number of ordinary shares repurchased, if any, and the timing of repurchases will depend on a number of factors, including share price, trading volume and general market conditions, as well as on working capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors. During fiscal 2024, Adient repurchased and immediately retired 9,424,668 of its ordinary shares at an average purchase price per share of $29.18. The aggregate amount of cash paid to repurchase the shares was $275 million. During fiscal 2025, Adient repurchased and immediately retired 6,115,932 of its ordinary shares at an average purchase price per share of $20.44. The aggregate amount of cash paid to repurchase the shares was $125 million. As of September 30, 2025, the remaining aggregate amount of authorized repurchases was $135 million.
14. Retirement Plans
Pension Benefits
Adient maintains non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering primarily non-U.S. employees and a limited number of U.S. employees. The benefits provided are primarily based on years of service and average compensation or a monthly retirement benefit amount. Funding for non-U.S. plans observes the local legal and regulatory limits. Funding for U.S. pension plans equals or exceeds the minimum requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
For pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations (“ABO”) that exceed plan assets and for pension plans with a PBO that exceed plan assets, the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”), ABO and fair value of plan assets of those plans were $155 million, $135 million and $38 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2025, and $162 million, $144 million and $52 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2024.
In fiscal 2025, Adient paid contributions to the defined benefit pension plans of $18 million. Contributions of at least $8 million in cash to its defined benefit pension plans are expected in fiscal 2026. Projected benefit payments from the plans as of September 30, 2025 are estimated as follows (in millions):
$ 25
2027 25
2028 24
2029 25
2030 26
2031-2034 154
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Savings and Investment Plans
Adient sponsors various defined contribution savings plans that allow employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax and/or after-tax income in accordance with plan specified guidelines. Under specified conditions, Adient will contribute to certain savings plans based on the employees' eligible pay and/or will match a percentage of the employee contributions up to certain limits. Matching contributions expense in connection with these plans amounted to $43 million, $38 million and $46 million for fiscal years 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Plan Assets
Adient's investment policies employ an approach whereby a mix of equities, fixed income and alternative investments are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. The investment portfolio primarily contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income investments. Equity investments are diversified across domestic and non-domestic stocks, as well as growth, value and small to large capitalizations. Fixed income investments include corporate and government issues, with short-, mid- and long-term maturities, with a focus on investment grade when purchased and a target duration close to that of the plan liability. Investment and market risks are measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through regular investment portfolio reviews, annual liability measurements and periodic asset/liability studies. The majority of the real estate component of the portfolio is invested in a diversified portfolio of high-quality, operating properties with cash yields greater than the targeted appreciation. Investments in other alternative asset classes, including hedge funds and commodities, diversify the expected investment returns relative to the equity and fixed income investments. As a result of Adient's diversification strategies, there are no significant concentrations of risk within the portfolio of investments.
Adient's actual asset allocations are in line with target allocations. Adient rebalances asset allocations as appropriate, in order to stay within a range of allocation for each asset category.
The expected return on plan assets is based on Adient's expectation of the long-term average rate of return of the capital markets in which the plans invest. The average market returns are adjusted, where appropriate, for active asset management returns. The expected return reflects the investment policy target asset mix and considers the historical returns earned for each asset category. Adient's plan assets by asset category, are as follows:
Fair Value Measurements Using:
(in millions) Total as of
September 30,
2025 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) Net Asset Value (NAV)
Pension
Cash $ 3 $ 3 $ - $ - $ -
Equity Securities
Domestic 2 2 - - -
International - Developed 23 23 - - -
Fixed Income Securities
Government 134 32 76 - 26
Corporate/Other 71 31 29 - 11
Hedge Fund 37 - 37 - -
Real Estate 3 - - - 3
Total $ 273 $ 91 $ 142 $ - $ 40
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Fair Value Measurements Using:
(in millions) Total as of
September 30,
2024 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1) Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) Net Asset Value (NAV)
Pension
Cash $ 5 $ 5 $ - $ - $ -
Equity Securities
Domestic 2 2 - - -
International - Developed 19 19 - - -
Fixed Income Securities
Government 150 33 90 - 27
Corporate/Other 70 29 29 - 12
Hedge Fund 38 - 38 - -
Real Estate 9 - - - 9
Total $ 293 $ 88 $ 157 $ - $ 48
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value.
Cash: The fair value of cash is valued at cost.
Equity Securities: The fair value of equity securities is determined by direct quoted market prices. The underlying holdings are direct quoted market prices on regulated financial exchanges.
Fixed Income Securities: The fair value of fixed income securities is determined by direct or indirect quoted market prices. If indirect quoted market prices are utilized, the value of assets held in separate accounts is not published, but the investment managers report daily the underlying holdings. The underlying holdings are direct quoted market prices on regulated financial exchanges.
Hedge Funds: The fair value of hedge funds is determined by the custodian. The custodian obtains valuations from underlying managers based on market quotes for the most liquid assets and alternative methods for assets that do not have sufficient trading activity to derive prices. Adient and custodian review the methods used by the underlying managers to value the assets. Adient believes this is an appropriate methodology to obtain the fair value of these assets.
Real Estate: The fair value of certain investments in real estate is deemed Level 3 since these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value and requires the fund managers independently to arrive at fair value by calculating NAV per share. In order to calculate NAV per share, the fund managers value the real estate investments using any one, or a combination of, the following methods: independent third-party appraisals, discounted cash flow analysis of net cash flows projected to be generated by the investment and recent sales of comparable investments. Assumptions used to revalue the properties are updated every quarter. Adient believes this is an appropriate methodology to obtain the fair value of these assets.
Investments at NAV: For mutual or collective funds where a NAV is not publicly quoted, the NAV per share is used as a practical expedient and is based on the quoted market prices of the underlying net assets of the fund as reported daily by the fund managers. Funds valued based on NAV per share as a practical expedient are not categorized within the fair value hierarchy.
The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while Adient believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
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The following sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of pension assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
(in millions) Real Estate
Pension
Asset value as of September 30, 2023 $ 4
Redemptions (4)
Asset value as of September 30, 2024 $ -
Redemptions -
Asset value as of September 30, 2025 $ -
Funded Status
The table that follows contains the ABO and reconciliations of the changes in the PBO, the changes in plan assets and the funded status:
Pension Benefits
(in millions) 2025 2024
Accumulated Benefit Obligation $ 346 $ 366
Change in Projected Benefit Obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 384 $ 349
Service cost 6 5
Interest cost 16 19
Actuarial loss (gain) (14) 28
Benefits paid (21) (28)
Curtailments, settlements and other (12) (6)
Currency translation adjustment 7 17
Projected benefit obligation at end of year $ 366 $ 384
Change in Plan Assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 293 $ 263
Actual return on plan assets (6) 26
Employer contributions, net 18 20
Benefits paid (21) (28)
Curtailments, settlements and other (12) (6)
Currency translation adjustment 1 18
Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 273 $ 293
Funded status $ (93) $ (91)
Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position consist of:
Pension plan assets (other noncurrent assets) $ 25 $ 19
Pension benefits (of which $6 million and $5 million are included in accrued compensation and benefits, respectively)
(118) (110)
Net amount recognized $ (93) $ (91)
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Pension Benefits
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans
2025 2024 2025 2024
Weighted Average Assumptions (1):
Discount rate (2)
5.60 % 4.99 % 5.29 % 4.75 %
Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 4.68 % 4.82 %
(1) Plan assets and obligations are determined based on a September 30 measurement date.
(2) Adient considers the expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis when setting assumed discount rates. As a result, Adient uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the plan jurisdiction, the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For the U.S. pension plan, Adient uses a discount rate provided by an independent third-party calculated based on an appropriate mix of high quality bonds. For the non-U.S. pension plans, Adient consistently uses the relevant country specific benchmark indices for determining the various discount rates.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The amounts in AOCI on the consolidated statements of financial position, exclusive of tax impacts, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost related to pension benefits were $2 million at both September 30, 2025 and 2024. The amounts in AOCI expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year for pension benefits are not significant.
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The tables that follow contain the components and key assumptions of net periodic benefit cost related to Adient’s pension plans:
Pension Benefits
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit):
Service cost $ 6 $ 6 $ 5
Interest cost 16 19 18
Expected return on plan assets (13) (12) (12)
Net actuarial loss 3 13 19
Settlement loss 4 1 8
Net periodic benefit cost
$ 16 $ 27 $ 38
Pension Benefits
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans
2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
Expense Assumptions:
Discount rate 4.99 % 5.87 % 5.51 % 4.75 % 5.60 % 4.98 %
Expected return on plan assets 6.75 % 6.75 % 6.75 % 5.14 % 4.95 % 4.53 %
Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A NA 4.38 % 4.53 % 4.43 %
The interest cost, expected return on plan assets, and net actuarial and settlement/curtailment (gain) loss components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other pension expense in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
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15. Restructuring and Impairment Costs
Restructuring
To better align its resources with its overall strategies and reduce the cost structure of its global operations to address the softness in certain underlying markets, Adient commits to restructuring plans as necessary. Adient, in general, records costs associated with separation programs when management has approved the plan for separation, the affected employees are identified, and it is unlikely that actions required to complete the separation plan will change significantly. Costs associated with benefits that are contingent on the employee continuing to provide service are accrued over the required service period. All other costs associated with restructuring activities are expensed as incurred.
During fiscal 2025, Adient committed to a restructuring plan (“2025 Plan”) resulting in charges of $58 million that was offset by $7 million of prior-period underspend. The 2025 Plan, which is primarily related to termination benefits in Europe, is being implemented in response to manufacturing footprint and structural changes occurring in the global automotive industry and to ensure Adient maintains a competitive cost structure by reducing operating, administrative and engineering costs, and increasing efficiencies. Restructuring actions associated with the 2025 Plan will primarily occur in fiscal years 2026 and 2027, and are expected to be substantially complete by fiscal year 2027. Restructuring costs are included in restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
During fiscal 2024, Adient committed to a restructuring plan (“2024 Plan”) of $169 million that was offset by prior period underspend of $1 million and $9 million of cost reimbursement committed by a customer. The fiscal 2024 charges were mostly related to termination benefits in Europe. The 2024 Plan was implemented in response to the macroeconomic factors occurring in the European automotive market causing reduced production volumes and to ensure Adient maintains a competitive cost structure by reducing operating, administrative and engineering costs, and increasing efficiencies. Restructuring actions associated with these specific plans primarily occurring in fiscal years 2025 and 2026 are expected to be substantially complete by fiscal year 2027. The following tables summarize the changes in Adient's restructuring reserve.
(in millions) Employee Severance and Termination Benefits Currency
Translation and Other Total
Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 69 $ (9) $ 60
2023 Plan charges 39 - 39
Utilized - cash (53) - (53)
Noncash adjustment - (under) overspend and other 1 4 5
Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 56 $ (5) $ 51
2024 Plan charges 169 - 169
Utilized - cash (43) - (43)
Noncash adjustment - (under) overspend and other (1) 6 5
Balance at September 30, 2024 $ 181 $ 1 $ 182
2025 Plan charges 58 - 58
Utilized - cash (104) - (104)
Noncash adjustment - (under) overspend and other (7) 5 (2)
Balance at September 30, 2025 $ 128 $ 6 $ 134
Current restructuring reserve - other current liabilities $ 69
Noncurrent restructuring reserve - other noncurrent liabilities 65
Balance at September 30, 2025 $ 134
Adient's management closely monitors its overall cost structure and continually analyzes each of its businesses for opportunities to consolidate current operations, improve operating efficiencies and locate facilities in low cost countries in close proximity to customers. This ongoing analysis includes a review of its manufacturing, engineering, purchasing and administrative functions, as well as the overall global footprint for all its businesses. Because of the importance of new vehicle sales by automotive manufacturers, Adient is affected by the general business conditions in the automotive industry. Future adverse developments in
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the automotive industry could impact Adient's liquidity position, lead to impairment charges and/or require additional restructuring of its operations.
Impairment
During fiscal 2025 and 2024, Adient recorded a non-cash impairment loss of $8 million and $9 million on its investment in Adient Aerospace, respectively. The impairment is included in restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income (loss). No remaining investment is recorded as of September 30, 2025. Refer also to Note 6, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for information about the EMEA goodwill impairment recorded during fiscal 2025.
16. Income Taxes
Consolidated income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interests for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023 is as follows:
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Ireland $ (24) $ (13) $ (1)
United States (98) (361) (178)
Other Foreign
34 507 474
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests $ (88) $ 133 $ 295
The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows:
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Current
Ireland $ 1 $ - $ -
US - Federal and State 14 5 4
Other Foreign 116 28 120
131 33 124
Deferred
Ireland - - -
US - Federal and State - - 1
Other Foreign (28) (1) (125)
(28) (1) (124)
Income tax provision $ 103 $ 32 $ -
The significant components of Adient's income tax provision are summarized in the following tables. These amounts do not include the impact of income tax expense related to Adient’s nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates, which is netted against equity income on the consolidated statements of income (loss).
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The reconciliation between the Irish statutory income tax rate, and Adient’s effective tax rate is as follows:
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Tax expense at Ireland statutory rate $ (11) $ 17 $ 37
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit 7 (15) (5)
Foreign tax rate differential
29 9 22
Deemed interest - (6) (6)
Credits and incentives (14) (12) (7)
Nondeductible goodwill impairment 29 - -
Repatriation of foreign earnings 23 18 24
Foreign exchange (2) 17 (7)
Impact of tax rate changes 69 (1) -
Audit settlements and change in uncertain tax positions (26) (43) (8)
Change in valuation allowance 828 90 (61)
Tax adjustments to value of investments (873) (38) -
Net operating loss expirations and write-offs 38 5 10
Other 6 (9) 1
Income tax provision $ 103 $ 32 $ -
The income tax expense was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 2025 primarily due to the inability to record a tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with valuation allowances, the repatriation of foreign earnings, tax expense related to adjustments to net operating loss deferred tax assets, tax expense related to the establishment of uncertain tax positions, foreign tax rate differentials, and the impact of the impairment of the non-tax-deductible portion of the EMEA goodwill balance for which there is no corresponding income tax benefit, partially offset by tax benefits from audit closures and statute expirations. No items included in the other category are individually, or when appropriately aggregated, significant.
The income tax expense was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 2024 due to the inability to record a tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with valuation allowances, the repatriation of foreign earnings, tax expense related to foreign exchange remeasurements of tax balances primarily in Mexico, and tax expense from the establishment of valuation allowances at certain subsidiaries, partially offset by tax benefits from the release of uncertain tax positions due to audit closures and from the release of valuation allowances at certain subsidiaries. No items included in the other category are individually, or when appropriately aggregated, significant.
The income tax expense was lower than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% for fiscal 2023 primarily due to the release of valuation allowances in Mexico, partially offset by the inability to recognize a tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with valuation allowances, the repatriation of foreign earnings, and foreign tax rate differentials. No items included in the other category are individually, or when appropriately aggregated, significant.
Adient’s foreign tax rate differential primarily comprises two components. First is the difference in foreign tax rates from the Irish statutory tax rate that will fluctuate with the mix of income and losses in multiple jurisdictions with higher or lower statutory tax rates. Second is the elimination of the effects, at the Irish statutory tax rate, on the amount of income reported for nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates whose corresponding income tax expense is already netted against equity income on the consolidated statements of income and reflected in income (loss) before income taxes. During fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, significant income and loss jurisdictions include Brazil, China, Germany, India, Luxembourg, Mexico, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, with federal statutory tax rates ranging between 16% and 34%, which are all above the Irish statutory rate of 12.5%.
Due to the significant jurisdictions in which it operates having statutory tax rates higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5%, Adient generally expects that foreign tax rate differentials will continue to result in net expense when its consolidated subsidiaries generate net pretax income, adjusted for permanent book to tax differences, and overall pretax income, adjusted for permanent book to tax differences, does not consist primarily of equity income from nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates. In periods in which Adient’s consolidated subsidiaries generate net losses, adjusted for permanent book to tax differences, or overall pretax income, adjusted for permanent book to tax differences, consists primarily of equity income reported from
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nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates, Adient generally expects that foreign tax rate differentials will result in a net benefit. During fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, Adient’s pretax income, adjusted for permanent book to tax differences, was primarily generated by Adient’s consolidated subsidiaries, resulting in a net foreign tax rate differential expense.
For fiscal 2025, the foreign tax differential expense of $29 million includes $37 million related to the higher tax expense resulting from the tax rate differential primarily from the mix of income and losses in the significant jurisdictions listed above with higher statutory tax rates than Ireland, which was partially offset by $8 million related to the elimination of the tax effects of the equity income from nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates whose corresponding income tax expense is already netted in income before income taxes.
For fiscal 2024, the foreign tax differential expense of $9 million includes $20 million related to the higher tax expense resulting from the tax rate differential primarily from the mix of income and losses in the significant jurisdictions listed above with higher statutory tax rates than Ireland, which was partially offset by $11 million related to the elimination of the tax effects of the equity income from nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates whose corresponding income tax expense is already netted in income before income taxes.
For fiscal 2023, the foreign tax differential expense of $22 million includes $33 million related to the higher tax expense resulting from the tax rate differential primarily from the mix of income and losses in the significant jurisdictions listed above with higher statutory tax rates than Ireland, which was partially offset by $11 million related to the elimination of the tax effects of the equity income from nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates whose corresponding income tax expense is already netted in income before income taxes.
Deferred taxes are classified in the consolidated statements of financial position as follows:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Other noncurrent assets $ 229 $ 245
Other noncurrent liabilities (155) (191)
Net deferred tax asset
$ 74 $ 54
Temporary differences and carryforwards which gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities included:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses and reserves $ 137 $ 123
Employee and retiree benefits 31 24
Net operating loss and other carryforwards 2,227 1,400
Property, plant and equipment 106 114
Intangible assets 97 112
Operating lease liabilities 60 57
Research and development 129 102
2,787 1,932
Valuation allowances (2,614) (1,769)
173 163
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries 33 39
Operating lease right-of-use assets 60 57
Other 6 13
99 109
Net deferred tax asset $ 74 $ 54
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At September 30, 2025, Adient had available net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $8.2 billion which are available to reduce future tax liabilities. Net operating loss carryforwards of $5.9 billion will expire at various dates between 2026 and 2045, with the remainder having an indefinite carryforward period. Net operating loss carryforwards of $7.0 billion are offset by a valuation allowance. During fiscal 2025, the net operating loss carryforward in Luxembourg increased by $3.7 billion ($873 million tax-effected) related to tax adjustments to the value of certain investments, arising from certain EMEA impairments, with an offsetting increase to the valuation allowance and no net impact to tax expense.
Adient reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or combined group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. All of the factors that Adient considers in evaluating whether and when to establish or release all or a portion of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance involve significant judgment. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to Adient's valuation allowances may be necessary.
Given current earnings and anticipated future earnings at certain subsidiaries, Adient believes that there is a possibility that sufficient positive evidence may become available that would allow the release of all, or a portion of, valuation allowances at certain subsidiaries within the next twelve months, in addition to those discussed below. The release of additional valuation allowances, if any, would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets which could generate a material income tax benefit for the period in which such release is recorded.
As a result of Adient's fiscal 2025 analysis of the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, Adient established and released valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets at various subsidiaries, which did not have a material impact on Adient’s financial statements either individually or in the aggregate. Adient continues to record valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets in Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, the U.S. and other jurisdictions as it remains more likely than not that they will not be realized.
As a result of Adient's fiscal 2024 analysis of the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, Adient determined it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets would be realizable and recorded an income tax benefit of $14 million in China, $8 million in Mexico, $7 million in France, and $6 million in Japan to release valuation allowances. In addition, Adient determined it was necessary to establish valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets in Poland and Mexico, recording tax expense of $14 million and $5 million, respectively. During fiscal 2024, the valuation allowance in Luxembourg increased by $38 million related to tax adjustments to the value of certain investments, with an offsetting increase in net operating loss carryforwards and no net impact to tax expense.
As a result of Adient's fiscal 2023 analysis of the realizability of its worldwide deferred tax assets, and after considering tax planning initiatives and other positive and negative evidence, Adient determined it was more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets in Mexico would be realizable and recorded an income tax benefit of $114 million to release valuation allowances. In addition, Adient determined it was necessary to release valuation allowances and establish valuation allowances in other jurisdictions that did not have a material impact on Adient’s financial statements.
Adient is subject to income taxes in Ireland, the U.S. and other foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, Adient is no longer subject to income tax examination by U.S. federal, state or local tax authorities or by non-U.S. tax authorities for years before 2015.
Adient regularly assesses the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from examinations to determine the adequacy of its tax reserves. For the year ended September 30, 2025, Adient believes that it is more likely than not that the tax positions it has taken will be sustained upon the resolution of its audits resulting in no material impact on its consolidated financial statements. However, the final determination with respect to tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from Adient’s estimates given the increased levels of discussions and more aggressive negotiations by the tax authorities as part of the tax audit process. Subsequent to September 30, 2025, Adient initiated a foreign tax audit settlement proposal which, although still under negotiation with the foreign tax authorities, is expected to require a non-recurring recognition and payment of approximately $20 million in fiscal 2026.
For the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, Adient had gross tax effected unrecognized tax benefits of $404 million, $422 million, and $527 million, respectively. If recognized, $114 million of Adient's unrecognized tax benefits
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 94
would impact the effective tax rate. Total net accrued interest for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, was approximately $21 million, $21 million and $31 million, respectively (net of tax benefit). Adient recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
During fiscal 2025, Adient recognized tax expense of $10 million related to the establishment of uncertain tax positions.
During fiscal 2024, Adient settled audits in various jurisdictions that resulted in a $115 million reduction to its unrecognized tax benefits, of which $63 million was recorded as a tax benefit. The remaining difference primarily offset other changes in deferred tax balances.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Beginning balance $ 422 $ 527 $ 499
Additions for tax positions related to the current year 3 6 2
Additions for tax positions of prior years 22 18 50
Reductions for tax positions of prior years (28) (9) (5)
Settlements with taxing authorities (6) (115) (11)
Statute closings (9) (5) (8)
Ending balance $ 404 $ 422 $ 527
During the next twelve months, it is possible that tax audit resolutions or applicable statute of limitation lapses could result in a significant change in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits. Given the number of years, jurisdictions and positions subject to examination, Adient is unable to estimate the full range of possible adjustments to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits.
Adient has recorded a deferred tax liability of approximately $33 million as of September 30, 2025 on the undistributed earnings of certain consolidated and unconsolidated foreign affiliates for which Adient does not have an indefinite reinvestment assertion. Adient has not provided for deferred taxes on the remainder of undistributed earnings from consolidated foreign affiliates because such earnings should not give rise to additional tax liabilities upon repatriation or are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. It is not practicable to determine the unrecognized deferred tax liability on these earnings because the actual tax liability, if any, is dependent on circumstances existing when remittance occurs.
Income taxes paid for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $92 million, $96 million and $94 million, respectively.
Other
During fiscal 2025, Adient recognized net tax benefits of $25 million related to audit closures and statute expirations, inclusive of the release of unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, Adient recognized tax expense of $19 million related to adjustments to net operating loss deferred tax assets, net of related valuation allowance benefits, as well as a net tax benefit of $13 million related to the impairment of tax-deductible goodwill in Europe.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Pillar Two initiative, which introduced a 15% global minimum tax applied on a country by country basis, is applicable for Adient’s fiscal 2025. The annual effect of these new rules and the impact on Adient’s effective tax rate was not material in fiscal 2025. Adient will continue to monitor and evaluate new legislation and guidance related to Pillar Two.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law. The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing, and the business interest expense limitation. ASC 740 requires the effects of changes in tax rates and laws to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. The OBBBA did not have a material impact on Adient’s consolidated financial statements. Adient will continue to evaluate the OBBBA and related guidance.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 95
The $69 million impact of tax rate changes for fiscal 2025 is primarily related to legislation that was enacted in Germany on July 18, 2025, under which Germany’s corporate tax rate will ratably decrease by five percent over five years, beginning in 2028. Net of related valuation allowance offsets, the tax rate changes did not have a material impact on Adient’s consolidated financial statements.
During fiscal years 2025, 2024 and 2023, other tax legislation was adopted in various jurisdictions. These law changes did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
17. Segment Information
Adient manages its business on a geographic basis and operates in the following three reportable segments for financial reporting purposes: 1) Americas, which is inclusive of North America and South America; 2) Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and 3) Asia Pacific/China (“Asia”).
Adient evaluates the performance of its reportable segments using an adjusted EBITDA metric defined as income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, excluding net financing charges, restructuring and impairment costs, restructuring-related costs, net mark-to-market adjustments on pension plans, transaction gains/losses, purchase accounting amortization, depreciation, stock-based compensation and other non-recurring items (“Adjusted EBITDA”). Also, certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments. The reportable segments are consistent with how management views the markets served by Adient and reflect the financial information that is reviewed by its chief operating decision maker.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, Adient adopted ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure. Prior period disclosures have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The President and Chief Executive Officer is Adient’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM evaluates the performance of the reportable segments using Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is used for forecasting and to measure periodic performance and cash flow generation of the reportable segments and to make capital allocation decisions within the operations that ultimately provide shareholder returns.
The following tables summarize Adient's reportable segments' sales and Adjusted EBITDA which includes significant expenses that align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. The reportable segments’ Adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to income (loss) before income taxes for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023:
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 96
Year Ended
September 30, 2025
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia Consolidated
Segment net sales $ 6,856 $ 4,773 $ 2,983 $ 14,612
Eliminations (77)
Consolidated net sales $ 14,535
Material costs 4,444 2,958 2,056
Labor and overhead 1,819 1,495 419
Administrative, engineering and allocated costs 191 213 122
Equity income - 17 54
Adjusted EBITDA $ 402 $ 124 $ 440 $ 966
Reconciliation to income (loss) before income taxes
Corporate-related costs (1)
(85)
Restructuring and impairment costs (2)
(392)
Purchase accounting amortization (3)
(47)
Restructuring-related activities (4)
(11)
Gain on disposal transactions (5)
Depreciation expense (279)
Equity based compensation (32)
Other items (6)
(9)
Net financing charges (193)
Other pension expense (10)
Income (loss) before income taxes (88)
Notes:
(1) Certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments including executive office, communications, corporate development, legal and corporate finance.
(2) Reflects restructuring charges for costs that are probable and reasonably estimable and non-recurring asset impairments, including a non-recurring, non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $333 million in the EMEA reporting unit, restructuring charges of $51 million, and an impairment charge of $8 million related to Adient’s investment in Adient Aerospace. Refer to Note 6, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(3) Reflects amortization of intangible assets including those related to partially-owned affiliates recorded within equity income.
(4) Reflects restructuring-related charges for costs that are recorded as incurred or as earned and other non-recurring impacts that are directly attributable to restructuring activities, including $29 million of restructuring-related charges primarily recorded in cost of sales and $5 million of restructuring-related charges at a partially-owned affiliate recorded in equity income, partially offset by a $23 million gain on the sales of restructured facilities across all segments recorded in SG&A.
(5) Reflects a $4 million gain on sale of Adient's partially-owned affiliate investment in Setex recorded within equity income.
(6) Includes $10 million of third-party consulting costs associated with strategic planning and a $1 million non-recurring loss at a partially-owned affiliate recorded within equity income, partially offset by a $2 million gain on a non-recurring contract related settlement.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 97
Year Ended
September 30, 2024
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia Consolidated
Segment net sales $ 6,763 $ 5,029 $ 2,989 $ 14,781
Eliminations (93)
Consolidated net sales $ 14,688
Material costs 4,394 3,123 2,061
Labor and overhead 1,841 1,568 426
Administrative, engineering and allocated costs 156 198 136
Equity income 3 15 73
Adjusted EBITDA $ 375 $ 155 $ 439 $ 969
Reconciliation to income (loss) before income taxes
Corporate-related costs (1)
(89)
Restructuring and impairment costs (2)
(168)
Purchase accounting amortization (3)
(48)
Restructuring-related activities (4)
-
Loss on disposal transactions (5)
(7)
Depreciation expense (285)
Equity based compensation (31)
Other items (6)
Net financing charges (189)
Other pension expense (21)
Income (loss) before income taxes 133
Notes:
(1) Certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments including executive office, communications, corporate development, legal and corporate finance.
(2) Reflects restructuring charges for costs that are probable and reasonably estimable and non-recurring asset impairments, including restructuring charges of $159 million and an impairment charge of $9 million related to Adient’s investment in Adient Aerospace. Refer to Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(3) Reflects amortization of intangible assets including those related to partially-owned affiliates recorded within equity income.
(4) Reflects restructuring-related charges for costs that are recorded as incurred or as earned and other non-recurring impacts that are directly attributable to restructuring activities, including a $10 million gain on sale of a restructured facility in Americas recorded in SG&A, offset by $10 million in restructuring-related charges primarily recorded in cost of sales.
(5) Includes an $8 million loss on sale of 51% of Adient's interest in LFADNT, partially offset by a $1 million gain on sale of a partially-owned affiliate recorded within equity income. Refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(6) Includes a $3 million non-recurring gain on a contract related settlement and $1 million of indirect tax recoveries in Brazil, partially offset by $1 million one-time divestiture related tax impact at a partially-owned affiliate recorded within equity income and $1 million of transaction costs.
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Year Ended
September 30, 2023
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia Consolidated
Segment net sales $ 7,220 $ 5,195 $ 3,085 $ 15,500
Eliminations (105)
Consolidated net sales $ 15,395
Material costs 4,755 3,268 2,096
Labor and overhead 1,926 1,517 463
Administrative, engineering and allocated costs 206 193 134
Equity income 3 15 72
Adjusted EBITDA $ 336 $ 232 $ 464 $ 1,032
Reconciliation to income (loss) before income taxes
Corporate-related costs (1)
(94)
Restructuring and impairment costs (2)
(40)
Purchase accounting amortization (3)
(52)
Restructuring-related activities (4)
Loss on disposal transactions (5)
(6)
Depreciation expense (290)
Equity based compensation (34)
Other items (6)
Net financing charges (195)
Other pension expense (33)
Income (loss) before income taxes 295
Notes:
(1) Certain corporate-related costs are not allocated to the segments including executive office, communications, corporate development, legal and corporate finance.
(2) Reflects restructuring charges for costs that are probable and reasonably estimable and non-recurring asset impairments. Fiscal 2023 reflects restructuring charges of $40 million. Refer to Note 15, “Restructuring and Impairment Costs” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(3) Reflects amortization of intangible assets including those related to partially-owned affiliates recorded within equity income.
(4) Reflects restructuring-related charges for costs that are recorded as incurred or as earned and other non-recurring impacts that are directly attributable to restructuring activities, including a $10 million gain on sale of a restructured facility in Americas recorded in SG&A, partially offset by $6 million of restructuring-related charges primarily recorded in cost of sales and $2 million of restructuring-related charges at a partially-owned affiliate recorded in equity income.
(5) Reflects $3 million and $3 million of non-cash impairment related to certain of Adient's investments in partially-owned affiliates in Asia and EMEA, respectively, recorded within equity income.
(6) Reflects $4 million of one-time divestiture gain at a partially-owned affiliate recorded within equity income and $4 million of a gain associated with the retrospective recovery of indirect tax credits in Brazil, partially offset by $3 million of transaction costs.
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Additional Segment Information
Year Ended September 30, 2025
Reportable Segments Reconciling Items(1)
Consolidated
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia
Total Assets 2,850 2,085 3,042 977 8,954
Investment in partially-owned affiliates 3 37 236 - 276
Equity income - 17 54 (3) 68
Depreciation 126 106 47 - 279
Amortization 11 - 35 - 46
Capital Expenditures 94 105 46 - 245
(1) Corporate-related assets primarily include cash and assets held for sale. Specific reconciling items for equity income represents $2 million of purchase accounting amortization, a $5 million restructuring charges at an affiliate, partially offset by a $4 million gain on a disposal transaction.
Year Ended September 30, 2024
Reportable Segments Reconciling Items(1)
Consolidated
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia
Total Assets 2,863 2,349 3,185 954 9,351
Investment in partially-owned affiliates 28 37 273 - 338
Equity income 3 15 73 (1) 90
Depreciation 127 112 46 - 285
Amortization 12 2 33 - 47
Capital Expenditures 100 107 59 - 266
(1) Corporate-related assets primarily include cash and assets held for sale. Specific reconciling items for equity income represents $2 million of purchase accounting amortization, partially offset by a $1 million gain on a disposal transaction.
Year Ended September 30, 2023
Reportable Segments Reconciling Items(1)
Consolidated
(in millions) Americas EMEA Asia
Total Assets 3,122 2,252 2,930 1,120 9,424
Investment in partially-owned affiliates 27 38 238 - 303
Equity income 3 15 72 (6) 84
Depreciation 133 107 50 - 290
Amortization 12 3 35 - 50
Capital Expenditures 114 81 57 - 252
(1) Corporate-related assets primarily include cash and assets held for sale. Specific reconciling items for equity income represents $6 million of non-cash impairments of Adient's investments in partially-owned affiliates, $2 million of restructuring-related charges, and $2 million of purchase accounting amortization, partially offset by a $4 million gain on sale of certain assets at affiliates in China.
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Geographic Information
Financial information relating to Adient's operations by geographic area is as follows:
Net Sales
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Americas
United States $ 6,140 $ 5,893 $ 6,530
Mexico 2,543 2,634 2,661
Other Americas 299 314 338
Regional Elimination (2,126) (2,078) (2,309)
6,856 6,763 7,220
EMEA
Germany 903 942 1,046
Poland 846 939 963
Spain 718 744 725
Czech Republic 694 756 900
Sweden 545 567 517
Romania 500 474 481
Other EMEA 1,711 1,951 1,991
Regional Elimination (1,144) (1,344) (1,428)
4,773 5,029 5,195
Asia
China 1,286 1,420 1,385
Korea 535 488 534
Thailand 515 496 564
Japan 415 344 373
Other Asia 300 294 284
Regional Elimination (68) (53) (55)
2,983 2,989 3,085
Inter-segment elimination (77) (93) (105)
Total $ 14,535 $ 14,688 $ 15,395
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Long-Lived Assets (consisting of net property, plant and equipment)
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Americas
United States $ 416 $ 420
Mexico 143 151
Other Americas 20 17
579 588
EMEA
Poland 155 155
Germany 122 127
Spain 52 39
Hungary 38 31
Czech Republic 28 35
Other EMEA 177 163
572 550
Asia
China 107 115
Japan 64 62
Thailand 50 52
Korea 21 23
Other Asia 16 20
258 272
Total $ 1,409 $ 1,410
18. Nonconsolidated Partially-Owned Affiliates
Investments in the net assets of nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates are reported in the “Investments in partially-owned affiliates” line in the consolidated statements of financial position. Equity in the net income of nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates are reported in the “Equity income” line in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Adient maintains total investments in partially-owned affiliates of $276 million and $338 million at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Operating information for nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates is as follows:
% ownership at September 30,
Name of key partially-owned affiliate 2025 2024
KEIPER Seating Mechanisms Co., Ltd. (“KEIPER”)
50.0% 50.0%
Changchun FAWAY Adient Automotive Systems Co. Ltd. (“CFAA”) 49.0% 49.0%
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Income statement data:
Net sales $ 3,513 $ 3,783 $ 3,791
Gross profit $ 306 $ 368 $ 346
Net income $ 138 $ 184 $ 173
Net income attributable to the entity $ 136 $ 182 $ 171
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September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Balance sheet data:
Current assets $ 2,044 $ 2,072
Noncurrent assets $ 652 $ 730
Current liabilities $ 2,000 $ 1,875
Noncurrent liabilities $ 203 $ 269
During fiscal 2023, Adient concluded that indicators of other-than-temporary impairment were present related to nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates in Asia and EMEA, and recorded non-cash impairment charges of $3 million and $3 million as a result, respectively.
Since fiscal 2023, Adient and KEIPER have continued to strategically modify their supply agreement, including the addition of a performance-based rebate in fiscal 2025, resulting in lower levels of equity income from KEIPER, partially offset by lower cost of sales within Adient.
19. Commitments and Contingencies
Adient is involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the operation of its businesses, including those pertaining to product recall, product liability, casualty, environmental, safety and health, intellectual property, employment, trade compliance, commercial and contractual matters, and various other matters. Although the outcome of any such lawsuit, claim or proceeding cannot be predicted with certainty and some may be disposed of unfavorably to Adient, it is management's opinion that none of these will have a material adverse effect on Adient's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Costs related to such matters were not material to the periods presented.
Adient accrues for potential environmental liabilities when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. Reserves for environmental liabilities totaled $3 million and $3 million at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Adient reviews the status of its environmental sites on a quarterly basis and adjusts its reserves accordingly. Such potential liabilities accrued by Adient do not take into consideration possible recoveries of future insurance proceeds. They do, however, take into account the likely share other parties will bear at remediation sites. It is difficult to estimate Adient's ultimate level of liability at many remediation sites due to the large number of other parties that may be involved, the complexity of determining the relative liability among those parties, the uncertainty as to the nature and scope of the investigations and remediation to be conducted, the uncertainty in the application of law and risk assessment, the various choices and costs associated with diverse technologies that may be used in corrective actions at the sites, the often quite lengthy periods over which eventual remediation may occur, and changing environmental laws. Nevertheless, Adient does not currently believe that any claims, penalties or costs in connection with known environmental matters will have a material adverse effect on Adient's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
20. Related Party Transactions
In the ordinary course of business, Adient enters into transactions with related parties, such as equity affiliates. Such transactions consist of the sale or purchase of goods and other arrangements.
The following table sets forth the location and amounts of net sales to and purchases from related parties included in Adient's consolidated statements of income (loss):
Year Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Net sales to related parties Net sales $ 148 $ 251 $ 253
Purchases from related parties Cost of sales 311 399 397
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The following table sets forth the location and amount of accounts receivable due from and payable to related parties in Adient's consolidated statements of financial position:
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024
Accounts receivable due from related parties Accounts receivable $ 16 $ 28
Accounts payable due to related parties Accounts payable 58 114
Refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for transactions involving Adient's investments in nonconsolidated partially-owned affiliates which have impacted Adient's related party transactions.
Adient plc | Form 10-K | 104

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, Adient conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2025, the end of the period covered by this report, or the Evaluation Date. Based upon the evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that Adient's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the Evaluation Date. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in Adient's reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, such as this report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to Adient's management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Definition of and Inherent Limitations over Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Adient's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by Adient's Board of Directors, management and other personnel designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Adient's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that the receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of Adient's management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of Adient's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Management has assessed the effectiveness of Adient's internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that Adient maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2025. The effectiveness of Adient's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2025 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report in Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Adient's internal control over financial reporting.
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, none of Adient’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as those terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
On November 13, 2025, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Adient approved a restricted stock unit award for Jerome J. Dorlack, Adient’s President and Chief Executive Officer (the “Replacement RSU Award”), pursuant to Adient’s 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan in replacement of 30% of his salary for calendar year 2026 in connection with a salary reduction program, which is being done to further Adient’s commitment to aligning pay with performance and the interests of Adient’s chief executive officer with the interests of its shareholders. The Replacement RSU Award will have a grant date of January 1, 2026, and a grant date fair value in an amount equal to 30% of his salary as in effect at the time of grant. The terms of the Replacement RSU Award will be reflected in a form of Restricted Shares or Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement that was previously approved for use in granting a salary replacement restricted stock unit award to Mr. Dorlack, as disclosed in Adient’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated as of November 8, 2023. The Replacement RSU Award granted to Mr. Dorlack will vest upon the one-year anniversary of the grant date (subject to continued vesting upon an involuntary termination without cause, or accelerated vesting upon death or disability).

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Adient intends to hold its 2026 annual general meeting of shareholders on March 10, 2026.
The information required by this Item is set forth under the sections entitled “Q: Where can I find Corporate Governance materials for Adient?,” “Proposal One: Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” “Board and Committee Information,” “Audit Committee Report,” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in Adient's 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) within 120 days after September 30, 2025 in connection with the solicitation of proxies for Adient's 2026 annual general meeting of shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
Adient has an Ethics Policy that applies to all employees, including Adient's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer, as well as to the members of the Board of Directors of Adient. The Ethics Policy is available at www.adient.com. Adient intends to disclose any changes in, or waivers from, this Ethics Policy by posting such information on the same website or by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K, in each case to the extent such disclosure is required by rules of the SEC or the NYSE.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item is set forth under the sections entitled “Human Capital and Compensation Committee Report,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation Tables,” and “Non-Employee Director Compensation” in Adient's 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after September 30, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item is set forth under the section entitled “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in Adient's 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after September 30, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item is set forth under the section entitled “Corporate Governance,” “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Board and Committee Information” in Adient's 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after September 30, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this Item is set forth under the section entitled “Audit Committee Report” in Adient's 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after September 30, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents filed as part of this report
(1) All financial statements
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of September 30, 2025 and 2024
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
ADIENT AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Year Ended
September 30,
(in millions) 2025 2024 2023
Accounts Receivable - Allowances
Balance at beginning of period $ 24 $ 15 $ 21
Provision charged to costs and expenses 23 13 9
Reserve adjustments (7) (5) (15)
Currency translation - 1 -
Balance at end of period $ 40 $ 24 $ 15
Deferred Tax Assets - Valuation Allowance
Balance at beginning of period $ 1,769 $ 1,655 $ 1,662
Allowance provision (benefit) for operating and other loss carryforwards
828 90 (61)
Allowance provision (benefit) adjustments
17 24 54
Balance at end of period $ 2,614 $ 1,769 $ 1,655
All other financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-K.
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(3) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. Exhibit Title
2.1 Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2016, by and between Johnson Controls International plc and Adient Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Amendment No. 4 to Adient plc’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed September 20, 2016 (File No. 1-37757)).#
3.1 Memorandum of Association and Amended and Restated Articles of Association of Adient (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 1, 2016 (File No. 1-37757)).
4.1 Description of securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.17 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 22, 2019 (File No. 1-37757)).
4.2 Indenture, dated as of March 14, 2023, among Adient Global Holdings Ltd, the guarantors party thereto from time to time and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Agent, relating to the $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.000% senior secured notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Adient plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2023 (File No. 1-37757).
4.3 Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 14, 2023, among Adient Seating Holding Spain, S.L.U., Adient Seating Spain, S.L.U., Adient Automotive, S.L.U., Adient Real Estate Holding Spain, S.L.U. and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, relating to the Secured Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Adient plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2023 (File No. 1-37757).
4.4 Indenture, dated as of March 14, 2023, among Adient Global Holdings Ltd, the guarantors party thereto from time to time and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Agent, relating to the $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.250% senior unsecured notes due 2031 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Adient plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2023 (File No. 1-37757).
4.5 Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 14, 2023, among Adient Seating Holding Spain, S.L.U., Adient Seating Spain, S.L.U., Adient Automotive, S.L.U., Adient Real Estate Holding Spain, S.L.U. and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, relating to the Unsecured Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Adient plc's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2023 (File No. 1-37757).
4.6 Indenture, dated as of February 3, 2025, among Adient Global Holdings Ltd, the guarantors party thereto from time to time and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Agent, relating to the $795 million aggregate principal amount of 7.500% senior unsecured notes due 2033 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 3, 2025 (File No . 1-37757)).
4.7 Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 3, 2025, among Adient Seating Holding Spain, S.L.U., Adient Seating Spain, S.L.U., Adient Automotive, S.L.U., Adient Real Estate Holding Spain, S.L.U. and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, relating to the Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 3, 2025 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.1 Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2016, by and between Johnson Controls International plc and Adient Limited, as amended October 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Amendment No. 1 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed June 29, 2017 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.2 Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2016, by and between Johnson Controls International plc and Adient Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Amendment No. 4 to Adient plc’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed September 20, 2016 (File No. 1-37757)).
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10.3 Form of Indemnification Agreement (Ireland) with individual directors and officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Amendment No. 1 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed June 29, 2017 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.4 Form of Indemnification Agreement (US) with individual directors and officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 1 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed June 29, 2017 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.5 Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2019, among Adient US LLC, Adient Global Holdings S.à r.l., the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 6, 2019 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.6 Amendment and Restatement Agreement to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 2, 2022, among Adient US LLC, the other borrower subsidiaries party thereto, the lenders party thereto, the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 4, 2022 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.7 Adient US LLC Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective March 12, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 7, 2018 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.8 Adient plc Flexible Perquisites Program, as amended and restated effective September 12, 2025.*
10.9 Written description of Adient US LLC severance benefit for certain executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 22, 2019 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.10 Adient plc Non-Employee Directors Compensation Summary and Ownership Guidelines, as amended and restated effective as of October 1, 2025.*
10.11 Adient plc Executive Share Ownership Guidelines effective as of September 17, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 22, 2019 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.12 Form of Key Executive Severance and Change of Control Agreement by and among Adient plc, Adient US LLC and the following executive officers: Jerome J. Dorlack, James D. Conklin, Stephanie S. Marianos, Mark A. Oswald, and Heather M. Tiltmann (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 20, 2017 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.13 Employment Contract, dated October 29, 2018, entered into between Adient Germany Ltd. & Co. KG and Michel Pierre Berthelin. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Adient plc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2019 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.14 Labour Contract, dated as of March 6, 2016, by and between Adient Management (China) Co., Ltd. and Jian James Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 22, 2019 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.15 Adient US LLC Retirement Restoration Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 30, 2020 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.16 Amendment No. 1 dated April 8, 2021 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 6, 2019, among the Borrowers, the lenders party hereto, and the Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 9, 2021 (File No. 1-37757)).
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10.17 Restricted Shares or Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement for certain salary reduction replacement grants made under the Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2021 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.18 Form of Restricted Shares or Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement under the Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 10, 2021 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.19 Form of Adient plc Performance Unit Award Agreement under the Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as updated in March 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 5, 2022 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.20 Form of Restricted Shares or Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement for salary replacement awards for Jerome J. Dorlack made under the Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 23, 2022 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.21 Amendment Agreement No. 1, dated March 13, 2023, to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 2, 2022, among Adient US LLC, the other borrower subsidiaries party thereto, the lenders party thereto, the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 3, 2023 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.22 Amendment Agreement No. 2, dated March 13, 2023, to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 2, 2022, among Adient US LLC, the other borrower subsidiaries party thereto, the lenders party thereto, the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Adient plc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 3, 2023 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.23 Amendment Agreement, dated March 13, 2023, to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2019, among Adient US LLC, Adient Global Holdings S.à r.l., the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Adient plc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 3, 2023 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.24 Amendment No. 2, dated April 24, 2023, to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 6, 2019, among Adient US LLC, Adient Global Holdings S.à r.l., the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Adient plc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 3, 2023 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.25 Amendment No. 3 dated January 31, 2024 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 6, 2019, among Adient US LLC, Adient Global Holdings S.à r.l., the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2024 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.26 Form of Restricted Shares or Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement for certain retention awards made under the Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 18, 2024 (File No. 1-37757)).*
10.27 Amendment No. 4 dated December 12, 2024 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 6, 2019, among Adient US LLC, Adient Global Holdings S.à r.l., the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 13, 2024 (File No. 1-37757)).
10.28 Adient plc 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated effective as of March 11, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Annex A of Adient’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on January 22, 2025 for the Adient plc 2025 annual general meeting of shareholders held March 11, 2025) (File No. 1-37757).*
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10.29 Amendment Agreement No. 5, dated October 17, 2025, to the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 2, 2022, among Adient US LLC, the other borrower subsidiaries party thereto, the lenders party thereto, the issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Adient plc’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2025 (File No. 1-37757)).*
19.1 Adient plc Insider Trading Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 19.1 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 18, 2024 (File No. 1-37757)).
21.1 List of Subsidiaries.
23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1 Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 Certification of Periodic Financial Report by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
97.1 Adient plc Amended and Restated Executive Compensation Incentive Recoupment Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to Adient plc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed November 18, 2024 (File No. 1-37757)).*
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).
# Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Adient hereby undertakes to furnish copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the SEC.
* Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit hereto.