EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1587987
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1587987_10-K_2022_0001587987-22-000010.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
We are an internally managed non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. Additionally, we have elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes, beginning with our 2015 tax year. Our investment activities are managed by our executive officers and supervised by our Board.
As a BDC, our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation primarily through loans originated by our business finance platform, which we sometimes refer to as an “ecosystem,” and our equity investments in certain portfolio companies that we control.
Our Business
We are an internally managed BDC that is a leading national non-bank lender that provides, together with our controlled portfolio companies, a wide range of business and financial solutions under the Newtek® brand to the SMB market. Newtek’s and its portfolio companies’ products and services include: Business Lending, including SBA 7(a) loans, SBA 504 loans and conventional loans, Electronic Payment Processing, Managed Technology Solutions (Cloud Computing), Technology Consulting, eCommerce, Accounts Receivable and Inventory Financing, personal and commercial lines Insurance Services, Web Services, Data Backup, Storage and Retrieval, and Payroll and Benefits Solutions to SMB accounts nationwide across all industries. We have an established and reliable platform that is not limited by client size, industry type or location. As a result, we believe we have a strong and diversified client base across every state in the U.S. and across a variety of different industries. In addition, we have developed a financial and technology based business model that enables us and our controlled portfolio companies to acquire and process our SMB clients in a cost effective manner. This capability is supported in large part by NewTracker®, our patented prospect management technology software which is similar to, but we believe is better suited for our needs, than the system popularized by Salesforce.com. We believe that our NewTracker® technology and low cost business model distinguishes us from our competitors.
We define SMBs as companies having revenues of $1.0 million to $100.0 million. We focus on serving the SMB market, which we estimate to be over 30 million businesses in the United States. We believe that these businesses have historically been underserved by traditional financial institutions and typically lack the capital resources to build a competitive business and marketing infrastructure on their own. Further, in today’s economic climate, we believe SMBs have particular difficulty obtaining capital from traditional lending sources. While we do not compete directly with alternative online lenders such as The Lending Club, Prosper.com, OnDeck Capital, Inc. and Kabbage Inc., we do provide financing solutions as an alternative to traditional lending. We believe there is significant demand for such alternative financing among SMBs. Our lending solutions and our controlled portfolio companies’ outsourced business and financial solutions help clients manage and grow their businesses and compete effectively in today’s marketplace. We obtain our customers through referrals from various business partners, such as banks, insurance companies, credit unions and other affinity groups, as well as through our own direct sales force and advertising campaigns. We source, acquire and process SMB customers in a cost-effective manner without reliance on high cost sales staff and time consuming application processes.
In lending, we believe we are a leading capital provider to SMBs based on our loan volume. We originate loans through a variety of sourcing channels and through a disciplined underwriting process, and seek to achieve attractive risk-weighted returns. Our multi-faceted relationships with certain borrowers allow us to closely monitor their credit profile and take an active role in managing our investments. Further, our lending capabilities, coupled with the broad outsourced business and financial solutions of our controlled portfolio companies, create attractive cross-selling opportunities within our client base. We believe our business model creates powerful network effects which can help drive growth and operating leverage in our business. In addition, our SBA 7(a) loans originated by NSBF are structured so that the government guaranteed portion can be rapidly sold, which, based on our historic ability to securitize the unguaranteed portions, and assuming the continuation of current market conditions, allows us to quickly recover our principal and earn excess capital on each SBA 7(a) loan we originate, usually in less than a year. We may in the future determine to retain the government guaranteed or unguaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans for longer periods pending deployment of excess capital. From 2012 through 2021, based on dollar volume of loan approvals, NSBF has consistently been the largest non-bank SBA 7(a) lender, and as of December 31, 2021, is the second largest SBA 7(a) lender in the United States.
Newtek and its controlled portfolio companies use NewTracker®, our patented technology for receiving, processing and monitoring prospective customers. NewTracker® enables Newtek and its controlled portfolio companies to acquire SMB customers in a cost effective manner as it is all accomplished by skilled staff using state of the art technology without the need for high cost sales staff or applications processors. NewTracker® also permits our referral partners to have a real time window into the back office processing of the referrals they provide. In addition, NewTracker® automatically pre-populates necessary
forms or applications so the processing is efficient and cost effective. Finally, NewTracker® also identifies opportunities for the cross-sale of other Newtek branded products or solutions.
On August 2, 2021, the Company entered into the Stock Purchase Agreement with NBNYC and certain NBNYC shareholders (the “Sellers”) to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of NBNYC. This acquisition is part of a plan to reposition the Company as a bank holding company, and is subject to the approval of, among others, federal banking regulators and the SBA and the Company’s shareholders to withdraw the Company’s election as a BDC under the 1940 Act. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Executive Summary” and “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Converting to a Financial Holding Company.”
Business Finance Ecosystem
SBA 7(a) Lending
Our portfolio includes guaranteed and unguaranteed non-affiliate SBA 7(a) loan investments that were made through NSBF, a nationally licensed SBA lender under the federal Section 7(a) loan program, which is part of our business finance ecosystem. The SBA is an independent government agency that facilitates one of the nation’s largest sources of SMB financing by providing credit guarantees for its loan programs. SBA 7(a) loans are partially guaranteed by the SBA, with SBA guarantees typically ranging between 50% and 90% of the principal and interest due. NSBF has a dedicated Senior Lending Team (as defined below) that originates and services SBA 7(a) loans to qualifying SMBs. NSBF sells the guaranteed portions of its SBA 7(a) loans, typically within two weeks of origination, and retains the unguaranteed portion until accumulating sufficient loans for a securitization. NSBF’s securitization process is as follows. After accumulating sufficient loans, the loans are transferred to a special purpose vehicle (a “Trust”), which in turn issues notes against the Trust’s assets in a private placement. The Trust’s primary source of income for repaying the securitization notes is the cash flows generated from the unguaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans owned by the Trust. Principal on the securitization notes is to be paid by cash flow in excess of that needed to pay various fees related to the operation of the Trust and interest on the debt. Securitization notes have an expected maturity of approximately five years, and the Trust is dissolved when the securitization notes are paid in full, either at or prior to maturity.
Our business finance ecosystem is comprised of SBA 7(a) lending through NSBF, as well as through our portfolio companies that make SBA 504 loans, non-conforming conventional loans and provide accounts receivable and inventory financing, as discussed below. We believe NSBF’s SBA license, combined with NSBF’s PLP designation, provides us with a distinct competitive advantage over other SMB lenders that have not overcome these significant barriers-to-entry in our primary loan market. NSBF originated $560.6 million of SBA 7(a) loans during 2021 and $196.8 million of SBA 7(a) loans during 2020. As discussed below, one result of the uncertain economic impact to U.S. small businesses created by the COVID-19 pandemic was that in March 2020 through June 30, 2021, the Company temporarily shifted the focus of NSBF from originating SBA 7(a) loans to originating PPP loans, which materially decreased NSBF’s originations of SBA 7(a) loans during 2020. See “The CARES Act - Paycheck Protection Program,” below. Further, in December 2020, Congress passed the Economic Aid Act (as defined below), which provided funding for PPP loans through March 31, 2021, and on January 11, 2021, the Company announced that NSBF would offer PPP loans through the end of the PPP. Income earned in connection with the PPP should not be viewed as recurring. NSBF funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021. NSBF has redeployed the resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans. We believe that we will continue to be introduced to a variety of high-quality investment opportunities through our existing loan sourcing channels and our controlled portfolio companies’ relationships with their clients.
Under the SBA’s 7(a) lending program, a bank or other lender such as NSBF underwrites a loan between $5,000 and $5.0 million for a variety of general business purposes based on the SBA’s Loan Program Requirements (defined below) and the SBA provides a partial guarantee on the loan. Depending on the loan size, the SBA typically guarantees between 50% and 90% of the principal and interest due. The recoveries and expenses on the unguaranteed portions of these loans are shared pari passu between the SBA and the lender, which substantially reduces the loss severity on the unguaranteed portion of a loan for SBA 7(a) loan investors. SBA 7(a) loans are typically between ten and 25 years in maturity, four to five years in duration and bear interest at the prime rate plus a spread from 2.25% to 2.75%. Since the guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans carry the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, lenders may, and frequently do, sell the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans in the capital markets, hold the unguaranteed portion and retain all loan servicing rights.
NSBF has a dedicated capital markets team that sells the guaranteed portions of its SBA 7(a) loans and securitizes the unguaranteed portions of its SBA 7(a) loans. Historically, NSBF has sold the guaranteed portions of its originated SBA 7(a) loans shortly after origination and retained the unguaranteed portions until accumulating sufficient loans for a securitization. NSBF has typically sold SBA guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans at premiums ranging from 106% to 120% of par value, and any portion of the premium that is above 110% of par value is shared equally between NSBF and the SBA. However, there
is no guarantee that NSBF will be able to continue to earn premiums of 106% to 120% on future sales. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors - We have specific risks associated with SBA loans.” Since December 2010, NSBF has maintained its securitization program for unguaranteed portions of its SBA 7(a) loans and has successfully completed 11 securitization transactions with Standard & Poor’s AA or A ratings and advance rates as high as 83.5% of par value. NSBF’s most recent securitization occurred in December 2021, when it sold $103.4 million of Unguaranteed SBA 7(a) Loan-Backed Notes, Series 2021-1, consisting of $79.7 million of Class A Notes and $23.8 million Class B Notes, rated “A” and “BBB-”, respectively, by S&P Global, Inc. NSBF may complete additional securitizations in the future. We may determine to retain the government guaranteed or unguaranteed portions of loans for longer periods, pending deployment of excess capital.
NSBF has focused on making smaller loans, approximately $1.0 million or less, in order to maintain a diversified pool of loans that are dispersed both geographically and among industries, with a goal of limiting NSBF’s exposure to regional and industry-specific economic downturns. Specifically, as of December 31, 2021, NSBF’s loan portfolio consisted of 2,761 loans originated across 50 states in 78 different industries as defined by the North American Industry Classification System (“NAICS”). The following charts summarize NSBF’s mix of investment concentrations by industry and geography as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
Distribution by NAICS Code Description
NAICS Code Description Number of Loans Aggregate Balance ($) Average Balance ($) Percentage of Balance
Food Services and Drinking Places 314 $ 35,323 $ 112 8.2 %
Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries 126 26,439 210 6.1 %
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 271 24,848 92 5.8 %
Truck Transportation 85 24,503 288 5.7 %
Specialty Trade Contractors 155 23,584 152 5.5 %
Ambulatory Health Care Services 145 20,548 142 4.8 %
Repair and Maintenance 129 18,201 141 4.2 %
Administrative and Support Services 122 16,942 139 3.9 %
Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods 74 14,725 199 3.4 %
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 45 13,840 308 3.2 %
Other 1,295 213,017 164 49.2 %
Total 2,761 $ 431,970 $ 156 100.0 %
Distribution by State
State Number of Loans Aggregate Balance ($) Average Balance ($) Percentage of Balance
Florida 307 $ 45,876 $ 149 10.6 %
California 274 39,524 144 9.1 %
New York 239 37,496 157 8.7 %
Texas 208 33,858 163 7.8 %
Connecticut 126 21,565 171 5.0 %
Pennslyvania 91 20,064 220 4.6 %
New Jersey 125 19,463 156 4.5 %
Illinois 94 15,829 168 3.7 %
Georgia 93 14,926 160 3.5 %
North Carolina 87 14,630 168 3.4 %
Other 1,117 168,740 151 39.1 %
Total 2,761 $ 431,970 $ 156 100.0 %
NSBF evaluates the credit quality of its loan portfolio by employing a risk rating system that is similar to the Uniform Classification System, which is the asset classification system adopted by the Federal Financial Institution Examinations Council. NSBF’s risk rating system is granular with multiple risk ratings in both the Acceptable and Substandard categories. Assignment of the ratings are predicated upon numerous factors, including credit risk scores, collateral type, loan to value
ratios, industry, financial health of the business, payment history, other internal metrics/analysis, and qualitative assessments. Risk ratings are refreshed as appropriate based upon considerations such as market conditions, loan characteristics, and portfolio trends. NSBF’s gross SBA loans by credit quality indicator are as follows:
Risk Rating
Portfolio Number of Loans Aggregate Balance ($) Average Balance ($) Percentage of Balance
Risk Rating 1 - 4 2,547 $ 369,121 $ 145 85.4 %
Risk Rating 5 27 10,443 387 2.4 %
Risk Rating 6 186 52,087 280 12.1 %
Risk Rating 6/7 and 7 1 320 320 0.1 %
Total 2,761 $ 431,970 $ 156 100.0 %
The weighted average term to maturity and weighted average interest rate of NSBF’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2021 was 14.4 years and 6.1%, respectively.
Receivables Financing, Inventory Financing and SBA 504 Lending
The Company’s business finance ecosystem also includes NBC and NBL, both controlled portfolio companies, as well as NCL, a joint venture. NBC provides receivables financing, inventory financing and health care receivables financing to SMBs, which may obtain $10,000 to $2.0 million per month through the sale of their trade receivables or the financing or their inventories. In addition, NBL originates and funds SBA 504 loans, which provide financing of fixed assets such as real estate or equipment, and also provides loan origination services to our joint venture (see below).
Non-Conforming Commercial Lending
On November 27, 2018, the Company’s wholly-owned affiliate, Newtek Commercial Lending, Inc., and a wholly-owned affiliate of BlackRock TCP Capital Corp. (NASDAQ:TCPC) (“BlackRock TCP”), Conventional Lending TCP Holdings LLC, entered into a joint venture, NCL, governed by the Limited Liability Company Agreement for the JV. The Company and BlackRock TCP each committed to contribute an equal share of equity funding to the JV and each have equal voting rights on all material matters, with the intent to deploy capital over the course of time with additional leverage supported by a warehouse line of credit. The purpose of the JV was to originate commercial loans to middle-market companies as well as small businesses. Additionally, on April 29, 2019, the JV closed a $100 million senior-secured revolving credit facility, with a $100 million accordion feature, with Deutsche Bank. As a result of, among other things, the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the JV ceased originating loans during 2020 and in December 2020, DB and the JV agreed to amend the facility to end the revolving period. On January 28, 2022, NCL closed a conventional commercial loan securitization with the sale of $56.3 million Class A Notes, NCL Business Loan Trust 2022-1, Business Loan-Backed Notes, Series 2022-1, secured by a segregated asset pool consisting primarily of conventional commercial business loans, including loans secured by liens on commercial or residential mortgaged properties, originated by NCL and NBL. The Notes were rated “A” (sf) by DBRS Morningstar. The Notes were priced at a yield of 3.209%. The proceeds of the securitization were used, in part, to repay the Deutsche Bank credit facility and return capital to the JV partners. For more information, see “Recent Developments.”
Third Party Loan Servicing
SBL, a wholly-owned, controlled portfolio company, engages in third-party loan servicing for SBA and non-SBA loans and provides lending institutions with outsourced solutions for the entire SBA lending process, including credit analysis, structuring and eligibility, packaging, closing compliance and servicing. SBL provides loan origination solutions to NSBF and also provides loan origination and servicing solutions to NBL, NCL, and third parties such as banks, credit unions and government agencies including the FDIC.
The CARES Act - Paycheck Protection Program
On March 27, 2020, Congress passed, and the President of the United States signed into law, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act provided an over $2.00 trillion stimulus package to certain businesses and individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with subsidies to certain existing SBA 7(a) borrowers in which the SBA paid all principal, interest, and fees on existing performing SBA 7(a) loans for six months beginning with such borrowers’ April 2020 payments. Among other things, the CARES Act allowed NSBF, as an SBA 7(a) lender, to originate
loans under the PPP as an expansion of the existing SBA Section 7(a) loan program through June 30, 2020. On July 4, 2020, the President of the United States signed a bill to re-open the application window for the PPP until August 8, 2020. The first round of the PPP closed on August 8, 2020.
Under the PPP, SBA 7(a) lenders were automatically approved to extend 100% federally guaranteed PPP loans to certain small businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of those businesses’ average monthly payroll expenses (capped at $10 million). The interest rate on PPP loans was capped at 1.00%, and the loans are forgivable after an 8 up to a 24 week forgiveness period, provided that the borrower used the loans for eligible purposes (e.g., payroll/benefits (excluding employee compensation above $100,000), mortgage interest, rent and utilities) and maintained its payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower reduced salaries or terminated employees during the forgiveness period.
As a result of the uncertain economic impact to U.S. small businesses created by the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020 the Company’s Executive Committee and Senior Lending Team temporarily shifted the focus of NSBF from originating SBA 7(a) loans to originating PPP loans. NSBF funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021. From March 2020 to July 2021, NSBF funded approximately 26,190 PPP loans totaling $1.9 billion. Income earned in connection with the PPP should not be viewed as recurring. NSBF has since redeployed the resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans.
Controlled Portfolio Companies
In addition to our debt investments in portfolio companies through our business finance ecosystem, we also hold controlling interests in certain portfolio companies that, as of December 31, 2021, represented approximately 30% of our total investment portfolio. Specifically, we hold controlling interests in NMS, Mobil Money, NTS, SBL, NBC, NBL, NCL, TAM, NPS, NIA, EWS, POS, and SIDCO. We refer to these entities (among others), collectively, as our “controlled portfolio companies.” Our controlled portfolio companies provide us with an extensive network of business relationships that supplement our referral sources and that we believe will help us to maintain a robust pipeline of lending opportunities and expand our business finance ecosystem.
The revenues that our controlled portfolio companies generate, after deducting operating expenses, may be distributed to us. As a BDC, our Board will determine quarterly the fair value of our controlled portfolio companies in a similar manner as our other investments. In particular, our investments in our controlled portfolio companies are valued using a valuation methodology that incorporates both the market approach (guideline public company method) and the income approach (discounted cash flow analysis). In following these approaches, factors that we may take into account in determining the fair value of our investments include, as relevant: available current market data, including relevant and applicable market trading comparables, the portfolio company’s earnings and discounted cash flows of forecasted future earnings, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public, and enterprise values, among other factors. In addition, the Company has engaged third party valuation firms to provide valuation consulting services for the valuation of certain of our controlled portfolio companies.
Newtek Merchant Solutions (NMS)
NMS (a 2001 investment) markets credit and debit card processing services, check approval services and ancillary processing equipment and software to merchants who accept credit cards, debit cards, checks and other non-cash forms of payment. NMS utilizes a multi-pronged sales approach of both direct and indirect sales. NMS’ primary sales efforts focus on direct sales through our Your Business Solutions Company® brand. Their indirect sales channels consist of alliance partners, principally financial institutions (banks, credit unions, insurance companies and other related businesses), and independent sales agents across the United States. These referring organizations and associations are typically paid a percentage of the processing revenue derived from the respective merchants that they successfully refer to NMS. In 2021, NMS processed merchant transactions with sales volumes of $5.0 billion.
We believe NMS has a number of competitive advantages which we believe will enable it to effectively compete in this market. These are:
•focus on non-traditional business generation: referral relationships, wholesale solicitations and financial institutions rather than independent sales agents;
•seeks to be a market leader in the implementation of technology in the payment processing business;
•It maintains its own staff of trained and skilled customer service representatives; and
•It markets and sells the latest in point-of-sale technology hardware and offers processing related cyber-security services.
NMS maintains its principal customer service and sales support offices in Lake Success, New York. NMS’s personnel assist merchants with initial installation of equipment and on-going service, as well as any other special processing needs that they may have.
NMS’ development and growth are focused on selling NMS’ services to internally generated referrals, merchant referrals identified by Newtek alliance partners and by independent sales representatives. We believe NMS is different than most electronic payment processing companies who acquire their clients primarily through independent sales agents. NMS believes that its business model provides it with a competitive advantage by enabling it to acquire new merchant customers at a lower cost level for third-party commissions than the industry average. NMS’ business model allows it to own the customer as well as the stream of residual payments, as opposed to models which rely more heavily on independent sales agents.
POS on Cloud, LLC (POS) and Mobil Money, LLC
Our investment in payment processing companies additionally includes, POS, dba Newtek Payment Systems, a 2019 investment in a cloud based Point of Sale (POS) system for a variety of restaurant, retail, assisted living, parks and golf course businesses, which provides not only payments and purchase technology solutions, but also inventory, customer management, reporting, employee time clock, table and menu layouts, and ecommerce solutions as the central operating system for an SMB. Mobil Money is a portfolio of taxi cab merchants and related licensed payment processing software.
Newtek Technology Solutions (NTS)
NTS offers web hosting and eCommerce, managed IT services, secure private cloud hosting, managed backup and disaster recovery, professional services including hardware and software integration, web design, and web development, hardware and software procurement services, information security solutions, and other related services to customers worldwide.
NTS provides a full suite of outsourced IT infrastructure services, including managed IT services, private cloud (virtual) servers, shared server hosting, dedicated server hosting, and managed backup and disaster recovery, under the Newtek® Technology Solutions, Newtek® Web Services and Newtek Web Hosting® brands, for which it receives recurring monthly fees, as well as other fees such as set-up fees, consulting fees, and domain name registration fees, among others.
While there are many competitors in this space, we believe that NTS’ focus on proactive, reliable, and secure solutions sets NTS apart. Platforms are available within NTS’ cloud and non-cloud environment and are fully managed offerings as compared to NTS’ competitors.
NTS has a complete line of cloud-based business and eCommerce packages and Cloud Spaces to streamline the decision process for business owners and accommodate designers and developers that wish to build sites in both Microsoft and Linux environments. Included with this service offering is full customer service with a real human interface available on a 24/7/365 basis, which we believe further distinguishes NTS from its competitors who usually offer hosting without the support needed for the SMB market customer.
NTS currently operates data centers in Scottsdale, Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, and Edison, New Jersey. In the second quarter of 2020, NTS moved its main data center in Scottsdale to a new facility in Phoenix, which has resulted in a material reduction of NTS’ data center expense.
The data center facilities NTS employs to host its technologies conforms to The Uptime Institute’s 4-Tier Classification System which has become a global standard for third-party validation of data center critical infrastructure. The Tier Classification System defines the requirements and benefits of four distinct Tier classifications for data center infrastructure. Each Tier sets the appropriate criteria for power, cooling, maintenance, and capability to withstand a fault. Tiers are progressive; each Tier incorporates the requirements of all the lower Tiers. NTS operates its critical infrastructure within facilities that have a minimum rating of Tier 3-Certified. NTS data centers meet and exceed Uptime Institute Tier-3 standards in all categories which allows NTS to pursue and service, compliance-sensitive workloads from the financial services, healthcare, government and military sectors. In addition, NTS includes redundant, carrier-neutral network design for all its communications paths, multiple locations to host services, and a built in DDOS mitigation platform into the design of its data center services.
Throughout its affiliation with Newtek, over 70% of new NTS customers have come as a result of internal and external referrals without material expenditures by NTS for marketing or advertising. We believe that many of NTS’ competitors are very price sensitive, offering minimal services at cut-rate pricing. While being cost competitive with most Linux- and Windows-based web hosting services, we believe that NTS has emphasized higher quality uptime, service and support as well as multiple control panel environments for the designer and developer community.
NTS has also launched a turnkey hosting service to meet financial institution needs for server hosting, disaster recovery and/or data storage, which we believe enables these entities to comply with their strict regulatory requirements that demand very high security protocols and practices be in place.
In July 2021, International Professional Marketing (IPM), a former wholly-owned portfolio company, merged into NTS.
SIDCO
SIDCO, a former wholly-owned portfolio company, became a subsidiary of NTS in January 2021 as part of a reorganization of the Company’s managed technology portfolio companies. SIDCO consults, strategizes, designs, and implements technology solutions for enterprise and commercial clients across the U.S., and is expected to complement the offerings of NTS.
Small Business Lending, LLC (SBL)
SBL provides third-party loan servicing for SBA and non-SBA loans and provides lending institutions with outsourced solutions for the entire SBA lending process, including credit analysis, structuring and eligibility, packaging, closing compliance and servicing. SBL provides loan origination solutions to NSBF and is also the loan origination and loan servicing provider for NBL and NCL.
Newtek Business Lending, LLC (NBL)
NBL provides SBA 504 loans and financing to the SMB market for the acquisition of fixed assets such as real estate or equipment. In addition, NBL provides loan origination services in connection with the Company’s non-conforming commercial loans.
Newtek Conventional Lending, LLC (NCL)
On May 20, 2019, the Company and its joint venture partner launched NCL to provide non-conforming conventional commercial and industrial term loans of up to $15.0 million to U.S. middle-market companies and small businesses. NCL is a 50/50 joint venture between Newtek Commercial Lending, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Newtek, and Conventional Lending TCP Holding, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of BlackRock TCP. Additionally, on April 29, 2019, the JV closed a $100 million senior-secured revolving credit facility, with a $100 million accordion feature, with Deutsche Bank. As a result of, among other things, the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the JV ceased originating loans during 2020 and in December 2020, DB and the JV agreed to amend the facility to end the revolving period. On January 28, 2022, NCL closed a conventional commercial loan securitization with the sale of $56.3 million Class A Notes, The proceeds of the securitization were used, in part, to repay the Deutsche Bank credit facility and return capital to the JV partners. For more information, see “Recent Developments.”
Newtek Business Credit Solutions (NBC)
NBC provides accounts receivable and inventory financing to SMBs.
Newtek Insurance Agency (NIA)
NIA is a retail and wholesale brokerage insurance agency licensed in 50 states specializing in the sale of personal, commercial and health/benefits lines insurance products to customers of all of the Newtek portfolio companies as well as Newtek alliance partners. NIA offers insurance products from multiple insurance carriers providing a wide range of choice for its customers. NIA is also implementing programs with alliance partners to market commercial and personal insurance. A major sales channel for NIA is the SMB customer base of our lending platform and the other controlled portfolio companies which allow for many opportunities for cross sales between business lines.
Newtek Payroll and Benefits Solutions (NPS)
NPS offers an array of industry standard and very competitively priced payroll management, benefit, payment and tax reporting services to SMBs. These payroll and benefit solutions are marketed through all of Newtek’s available channels including the alliance partnerships and direct marketing campaigns. NPS also benefits by the access to the SMB customer base of the lending platform and the other controlled portfolio companies.
NPS provides full service payroll and benefit solutions across all industries, processing payroll via software as a service (SaaS) or phone solutions. They have an established and reliable platform that is not limited by client size, industry type or delivery interface. NPS assists clients in managing their payroll processing needs by calculating, collecting and disbursing their payroll funds, remitting payroll taxes and preparing and filing all associated tax returns. In addition, NPS offers clients a range of ancillary service offerings, including workers’ compensation insurance, time and attendance, 401(k) administration, pay cards, employee benefit plans, employee background screening, COBRA services, tax credit recovery, Section 125 and flexible benefits spending plans and expense management services.
Certified Capital Companies (Capcos)
Under state-created Capco programs, states provide a Capco with tax credits generally equal to the amount of funds the Capco raises from insurance company investors. The Capcos then issue the tax credits to its investors - a process which is designed to reduce the Capco’s investors’ state tax liabilities. In exchange for receiving the tax credits, the Capco is obligated to invest the funds raised in certain qualified businesses, which generally are defined by statute to include only businesses that meet certain criteria related to the size, location, number of employees, and other characteristics of the business. If a Capco fails to comply with the performance requirements of each state’s different Capco program, the tax credits are subject to forfeiture.
Under state law, a Capco that has invested in qualified businesses an amount equal to 100% of its initial certified capital is able to decertify (i.e., terminate its status as a Capco) and no longer be subject to any state Capco regulation. Upon voluntary decertification, the programs in about half of the states require that a Capco share any distributions to its equity holders with the state sponsoring the Capco. For those states that require a share of distributions, the sharing percentages vary, but are generally from 10% to 30%, usually on distributions above a specified internal rate of return for the equity owners of the Capco.
Based on the above and that the Capcos were formed to make investments in businesses, the entities were determined to be investment companies and are therefore consolidated subsidiaries of Newtek.
Our Capcos have historically invested in SMBs and, in addition to interest income and investment returns, have generated non-cash income from tax credits and non-cash interest and insurance expenses in addition to cash management fees and expenses. We have de-emphasized our Capco business in favor of growing our controlled portfolio companies and do not anticipate creating any new Capcos. While observing all requirements of the Capco programs and, in particular, financing qualified businesses meeting applicable state requirements as to limitations on the proportion of ownership of qualified businesses, we believe the growth of our controlled portfolio companies produces a strategic focus on providing goods and services to SMBs such as those in which our Capcos invest. We continue to invest in and lend to SMBs through our existing Capcos and intend to meet the goals of the Capco programs.
As the Capcos reach 100% investment we will seek to decertify them as Capcos, liquidate their remaining assets and thereby reduce their operational costs, particularly the legal and accounting costs associated with compliance. Twelve of our original sixteen Capcos have reached this stage and been de-certified and liquidated.
Newtek Branding
We have developed our branded line of business products and financial solutions to offer a full service suite of business and financial solutions for the United States. SMB market. Newtek reaches potential customers through its integrated multi-channel approach featuring direct, indirect and direct outbound solicitation efforts. We continue to utilize and grow our primary marketing channel of strategic alliance partners as well as a direct marketing strategy to SMB customers through our “go to market” brand, Your Business Solutions Company®. Through our web presence, www.newtekone.com, we believe we are establishing ourselves as a preferred “go-to” provider for SMB financing and business solutions offered by NSBF and our controlled portfolio companies.
We market services through referrals from our strategic alliance partners such as Amalgamated Bank, Stifel Bank, Axiom Bank, Credit Union National Association, ENT Federal Credit Union, Legacy Bank, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, Navy Federal Credit Union, New York Community Bank, Raymond James, Randolph Brooks Federal Credit Union, UBS, Meineke Dealers Purchasing Cooperative, Transworld Business Advisors, Army Navy Federal Credit Union, Teachers Federal Credit Union, Nassau Federal Educators Federal Credit Union, Spire Federal Credit Union, Aamco, 1800 Accountants, and True Value Company, among others, (using our patented NewTracker® referral management system) as well as direct referrals from our web presence, www.newtekone.com. Our NewTracker® referral system has a software application patent covering the systems and methods for tracking, reporting and performing processing activities and transactions in association with referral data and related information for a variety of product and service offerings in a business-to-business environment. We believe that the NewTracker® system provides for transparency between Newtek and referring parties and has been material in our ability to obtain referrals from a wide variety of sources. The NewTracker patented system allows us and our alliance partners to review in real time the status of any referral as well as to provide real time compliance oversight by the respective alliance partner, which we believe creates confidence among the referred business client, the referring alliance partner and us. We own the NewTracker® patent, as well as all trademarks and other patented intellectual property used by us and our controlled portfolio companies.
Additional referrals are obtained from individual professionals in geographic markets that have signed up to provide referrals and earn commissions through our BizExec and TechExec Programs. Our BizExecs and TechExecs are traditionally information technology professionals, CPAs, independent insurance agents and sales and/or marketing professionals. In addition, electronic payment processing services are marketed through independent sales agents, and web technology and eCommerce services are marketed through internet-based marketing and third-party resellers. We believe a common thread across all business lines of our controlled portfolio companies relates to acquiring customers at low cost and making strategic alliances primarily where we pay fees only for successful referrals. We seek to bundle our marketing efforts through our brand, our portal, NewTracker® and our web presence as Your Business Solutions Company® and one easy entry point of contact. We expect that this approach will allow us to continue to cross-sell the financing solutions of our business finance ecosystem to customers of our controlled portfolio companies and build upon our extensive deal sourcing infrastructure. The compensation which we pay for referrals is consistent with industry practices.
Market Opportunity
We believe that the limited amount of capital and financial products available to SMBs, coupled with the desire of these companies for flexible and partnership-oriented sources of capital and other financial products, creates an attractive investment environment for us to further expand our business finance ecosystem and overall brand. We believe the following factors will continue to provide us with opportunities to grow and deliver attractive returns to shareholders.
The SMB market represents a large, underserved market. We estimate the SMB market to include over 30 million businesses in the United States. We believe that SMBs, most of which are privately-held, are relatively underserved by traditional capital providers such as commercial banks, finance companies, hedge funds and collateralized loan obligation funds. Further, we believe that such companies generally possess conservative capital structures with significant enterprise value cushions, as compared to larger companies with more financing options. While the largest originators of SBA 7(a) loans have traditionally been regional and national banks, from 2012 through 2021, NSBF has consistently been the largest non-bank originator of SBA 7(a) loans by dollar volume of loan approvals and is currently the second largest SBA 7(a) lender in the United States. As a result, we believe we and our controlled portfolio companies are well positioned to provide financing to the types of SMBs that we have historically targeted and we have the technology and infrastructure in place presently to do it cost effectively in all 50 states and across many industries.
The increased capital requirements and other regulations placed on banks may reduce lending by traditional large financial institutions and community banks. While many SMBs were previously able to raise debt financing through traditional large financial institutions, we believe this approach to financing will continue to be constrained as continued implementation of U.S. and international financial reforms, such as Basel III, phase in and rules and regulations are promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. We believe that these regulations will increase capital requirements and have the effect of further limiting the capacity of traditional financial institutions to hold non-investment grade loans on their balance sheets. As a result, we believe that many of these financial institutions have de-emphasized their service and product offerings to SMBs, which we believe will make a higher volume of deal flow available to us.
Increased demand for comprehensive, business-critical SMB solutions. Increased competition and rapid technological innovation are creating an increasingly competitive business environment that requires SMBs to fundamentally change the way they manage critical business processes. This environment is characterized by greater focus on increased quality, lower costs, faster turnaround and heightened regulatory scrutiny. To make necessary changes and adequately address these needs, we believe that companies are focusing on their core competencies and utilizing cost-effective outsourced solutions to improve productivity, lower costs and manage operations more efficiently. Our controlled portfolio companies provide critical business solutions such as electronic payment processing, managed IT solutions, personal and commercial insurance services and full-service payroll and benefit solutions, receivables financing, funding of SBA 504 loans, which provide financing of fixed assets such as real estate or equipment, and non-conforming (non-SBA) commercial loans. We believe that each of these market segments are underserved for SMBs and since we are able to provide comprehensive financial and business solutions under one (the Newtek) platform, we beleive that we are well positioned to continue to realize growth from these product offerings.
Competitive Advantages
We believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of investment opportunities in SMBs due to the following competitive advantages:
Internally Managed Structure and Significant Management Resources. We are internally managed by our Executive Committee under the supervision of our Board and do not depend on an external investment advisor. As a result, we do not pay investment advisory fees and all of our income is available to pay our operating costs, which include employing investment and portfolio management professionals, and to make distributions to our shareholders. We believe that our internally managed structure provides us with a lower cost operating expense structure, when compared to other publicly traded and privately-held investment firms which are externally managed, and allows us the opportunity to leverage our non-interest operating expenses as we grow our investment portfolio. Our Senior Lending Team has developed one of the largest independent loan origination and servicing platforms that focuses exclusively on SMBs.
Business Model Enables Attractive Risk-Weighted Return on Investment in SBA 7(a) Lending. Our SBA 7(a) loans are structured so as to permit rapid sale of the U.S. government guaranteed portions, often within weeks of origination, and the unguaranteed portions have been successfully securitized, with the securitization notes being sold, usually within a year of loan origination. The return of principal and premium may result in an advantageous risk-weighted return on our original investment in each loan. We may determine to retain the government guaranteed or unguaranteed portions of loans pending deployment of excess capital.
State of the Art Technology. Our patented NewTracker® software enables us to board a SMB customer, process the application or inquiry, assemble necessary documents, complete the transaction and create a daily reporting system that is sufficiently unique as to receive a U.S. patent. NewTracker® enables us to identify a transaction, similar to a merchandise barcode or the customer management system used by SalesForce.com, then process a business transaction and generate internal reports used by management and external reports for strategic referral partners. NewTracker® allows our referral partners to have digital access into our back office and follow on a real time, 24/7 basis the processing of their referred customers. NewTracker® has been applied to all of the business and financial solutions we offer directly or through our controlled portfolio companies.
Established Direct Origination Platform with Extensive Deal Sourcing Infrastructure. We have established a direct origination pipeline for investment opportunities without the necessity for financial institutions or brokers as well as broad marketing channels that we believe allow for highly selective underwriting. We believe the combination of our brand, our portal, our patented NewTracker® technology, and our web presence as Your Business Solutions Company® have created an extensive deal sourcing infrastructure. Although we pay fees for loan originations that are referred to us by our alliance partners, our investment team works directly with the borrower to assemble and underwrite loans. We rarely invest in pre-assembled loans that are sold by investment banks or brokers. As a result, we believe that our unique national origination platform allows us to originate attractive credits at a low cost. During 2021 and 2020 we funded $560.6 million and $196.8 million, respectively, of SBA 7(a) loans, with 2020 originations being negatively impacted by the Executive Committee’s and Senior Lending Team’s decision to focus on PPP loan referrals, and not SBA 7(a) loan referrals, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We anticipate that our principal source of investment opportunities will continue to be in the same types of SMBs to which we currently provide financing. Our Executive Committee and Senior Lending Team also seeks to leverage our extensive network of additional referral sources, including law firms, accounting firms, financial, operational and strategic consultants and financial institutions, with whom we have completed investments. We believe our current infrastructure and expansive relationships will continue to enable us to review a significant amount of direct (or non-brokered) investment opportunities.
Experienced Senior Lending Team with Proven Track Record. We believe that our Senior Lending Team is one of the leading capital providers to SMBs. Our Senior Lending Team has expertise in managing the SBA process and has managed a diverse portfolio of investments with a broad geographic and industry mix. While the primary focus of NSBF is to expand its debt financing activities in SBA 7(a) loans, our Senior Lending Team is also focused on growing our business finance ecosystem through our controlled portfolio companies, including NBC, which provides receivables financing, inventory financing and health care receivables financing, NBL, which originates and funds SBA 504 loans, and our joint venture program, which seeks to fund non-conforming (non-SBA) commercial loans.
Flexible, Customized Financing Solutions for Seasoned, Smaller Businesses. While NSBF’s primary focus is to expand its lending by activities by providing SBA 7(a) loans to SMBs, we also seek to offer SMBs a variety of attractive financing structures, as well as cost effective and efficient business solutions, to meet their capital needs through our subsidiaries and controlled portfolio companies. In particular, through our controlled portfolio companies, we offer larger loans, between $5.0 million and $15.0 million, greater than loans available with the SBA guarantee, but with a higher interest rate to compensate for the increased risk. Unlike many of our competitors, we believe we have the business finance ecosystem that allows us to provide a complete package of business and financing solutions for SMBs, which allows for cross-selling opportunities and improved client retention. We expect that a large portion of our capital will be loaned to companies that need growth capital, acquisition financing or funding to recapitalize or refinance existing debt facilities. Our lending will continue to focus on making loans to SMBs that:
•have 3 to 10 years of operational history;
•significant experience in management;
•credit worthy owners who provide a personal guarantee for our investment;
•show a strong balance sheet to collateralize our investments; and
•show sufficient cash flow to be able to service the payments on our investments comfortably.
Although we may make investments in start-up businesses, we generally seek to avoid investing in high-risk, early-stage enterprises that are only beginning to develop their market share or build their management and operational infrastructure with limited collateral.
Disciplined Underwriting Policies and Rigorous Portfolio Management. We pursue rigorous due diligence of all prospective investments originated through our business finance ecosystem. Our Senior Lending Team has developed what we believe to be an extensive underwriting due diligence process, which includes a review of the operational, financial, legal and industry performance and outlook for the prospective investment, including quantitative and qualitative stress tests, review of industry data and when necessary, consultation with outside experts regarding the creditworthiness of the borrower. These processes continue during the portfolio monitoring process, when we will conduct field examinations, when appropriate, review all compliance certificates and covenants and regularly assess the financial and business conditions and prospects of portfolio companies. In addition, SBL, an S&P rated servicer, is a third-party servicer for commercial, SBA 7(a) and other government guaranteed investments, whose exceptional servicing capabilities with compact timelines for loan resolutions and dispositions has attracted various third-party portfolios to SBL. SBL also services the loans funded by NBL and our joint venture, and provides loan origination and closing services to NSBF pursuant to an SBA approved lender service provider agreement.
Business Development Company Status
Our predecessor was formed on June 29, 1999 under the laws of the State of New York and, on November 12, 2014, in connection with our election to be regulated as a BDC, merged with and into us for the purpose of reincorporating under the laws of the State of Maryland.
As a BDC, we are required to meet regulatory tests, including the requirement to invest at least 70% of our gross assets in “qualifying assets.” Qualifying assets generally include debt or equity securities of private or thinly traded public U.S. companies and cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. In addition, as a BDC, and pursuant to the approval that we received from our shareholders on July 26, 2018, which became effective July 27, 2018, we are not permitted to incur indebtedness unless immediately after such borrowing we have an asset coverage for total borrowings of at least 150% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 66 2/3% of the value of our total assets). See “Regulation.”
As a RIC, we generally will not have to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that we timely distribute to our shareholders. To maintain our RIC tax treatment, we must meet specified source-of-income and asset diversification requirements and distribute annually at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any (the “Annual Distribution Requirement”).
Investments
We engage in various investment strategies from time to time in order to achieve our overall investment objectives.
Portfolio Company Characteristics
We have and will continue to target investments in future portfolio companies that generate both current income and capital appreciation. In each case, the following criteria and guidelines are applied to the review of a potential investment however, not all criteria are met in every single investment, nor do we guarantee that all criteria will be met in the investments we will make in the future. We have and will continue to limit our investments to the SMB market.
Experienced Management with Meaningful Investment. We seek to invest in companies in which senior or key managers have significant company-or industry-level experience and have significant equity ownership. It has been our experience that these experienced managers are more committed to the portfolio company’s success and more likely to manage the company in a manner that protects our debt and equity investments.
Significant Invested Capital. We believe that the existence of an appropriate amount of equity beneath our debt capital provides valuable support for our investment. In addition, the degree to which the particular investment is a meaningful one for the portfolio company’s owners (and their ability and willingness to invest additional equity capital as and to the extent necessary) are also important considerations.
Appropriate Capital Structures. We seek to invest in portfolio companies that are appropriately capitalized. First, we examine the amount of equity that is being invested by the company’s equity owners to determine whether there is a sufficient capital cushion beneath our invested capital. We also analyze the amount of leverage, and the characteristics of senior debt with lien priority over our senior subordinated debt. A key consideration is a strong balance sheet and sufficient free cash flow to service any debt we may invest.
Strong Competitive Position. We seek to invest in portfolio companies that have developed strong, defensible product or service offerings within their respective market segment(s). These companies should be well positioned to capitalize on organic and strategic growth opportunities, and should compete in industries with strong fundamentals and meaningful barriers to entry. We further analyze prospective portfolio investments in order to identify competitive advantages within their industry, which may result in superior operating margins or industry-leading growth.
Customer and Supplier Diversification. We expect to invest in portfolio companies with sufficiently diverse customer and supplier bases. We believe these companies will be better able to endure industry consolidation, economic contraction and increased competition than those that are not sufficiently diversified. However, we also recognize that from time to time, an attractive investment opportunity with some concentration among its customer base or supply chain will present itself. We believe that concentration issues can be evaluated and, in some instances (whether due to supplier or customer product or platform diversification, the existence and quality of long-term agreements with such customers or suppliers or other select factors), mitigated, thus presenting a superior risk-weighted pricing scenario.
Investment Objectives
Debt Investments
We target our debt investments, which are principally made through our business finance ecosystem under the SBA 7(a) program, to produce generally, a coupon rate of prime plus 2.25% to 2.75% which enables us to generate rapid sales of the guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market, historically producing gains and with a yield on investment in excess of 30%. We typically structure our debt investments with the maximum seniority and collateral along with personal guarantees from portfolio company owners, in many cases collateralized by other assets including real estate. In most cases, our debt investment will be collateralized by a first lien on the assets of the portfolio company and a first or second lien on assets of guarantors, in both cases primarily real estate. All SBA 7(a) loans are made with personal guarantees from any owner(s) of 20% or more of the portfolio company’s equity. As of December 31, 2021, substantially all of our SBA 7(a) portfolio at fair value consisted of debt investments that were secured by first or second priority liens on the assets of the portfolio company.
•First Lien Loans. Our first lien loans generally have terms of one to 25 years, provide for a variable interest rate, contain no prepayment penalties (however, the SBA will charge the borrower a prepayment fee if the loan has a maturity of 15 or more years and is prepaid during the first three years) and are secured by a first priority security interest in all existing and future assets of the borrower. Our first lien loans may take many forms, including revolving lines of credit, term loans and acquisition lines of credit.
•Second Lien Loans. Our second lien loans generally have terms of five to 25 years, also primarily provide for a variable interest rate, contain no prepayment penalties (however, the SBA will charge the borrower a prepayment fee if the loan has a maturity of 15 or more years and is prepaid during the first three years) and are secured by a second priority security interest in all existing and future assets of the borrower. We typically only take second lien positions on additional collateral where we also have first lien positions on business assets.
•Unsecured Loans. We make few unsecured investments, primarily to our controlled portfolio companies, which because of our equity ownership are deemed to be more secure. Typically, these loans are to meet short-term funding needs.
We typically structure our debt investments to include non-financial covenants that seek to minimize our risk of capital loss such as lien protection and prohibitions against change of control. Our debt investments have strong protections, including default penalties, information rights and, in some cases, affirmative, negative and financial covenants.
In addition to the investment objectives described above, the Company temporarily shifted its debt investment strategy beginning in the first half of 2020 to focus on PPP lending in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and NSBF continued to fund PPP loans until July 2021. As such, the Company’s investment objectives relating to its PPP lending during fiscal years 2020 and 2021 may differ from the objectives described above. For more information, see “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Equity Investments
While the vast majority of our investments have been structured as debt, we have in the past and expect in the future to make selective equity investments primarily as either strategic investments to enhance the integrated operating platform or, to a lesser degree, under the Capco programs. For investments in our controlled portfolio companies, we focus more on tailoring them to the long-term growth needs of the companies than to immediate return. Our objective with these companies is to foster the development of the businesses as a part of the integrated operational platform of serving the SMB market, so we may reduce the burden on these companies to enable them to grow faster than they would otherwise as another means of supporting their development and that of the integrated whole.
In Capco investments, we often make debt investments in conjunction with being granted equity in the company in the same class of security as the business owner receives upon funding. We generally seek to structure our equity investments to provide us with minority rights provisions and event-driven put rights.
Investment Process
The following discussion relates to the Company’s investment selection process in connection with SBA 7(a) lending. The Company’s investment selection process for PPP lending during fiscal 2021 may differ from the process described below. For more information, see “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The members of our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee are responsible for all aspects of our investment selection process. The discussion below describes our investment procedures. The stages of our investment selection process are as follows:
Loan and Deal Generation/Origination
We believe that the combination of our brand, our portal, our patented NewTracker® technology, and our web presence as Your Business Solutions Company® have created an extensive loan and deal sourcing infrastructure. This is maximized through long-standing and extensive relationships with industry contacts, commercial and investment bankers, entrepreneurs, services providers (such as lawyers and accountants), as well as current and former clients, portfolio companies and our extensive network of strategic alliance partners. We supplement our relationships by the selective use of advertising aimed primarily at lending to the SMB market. We believe we have developed a reputation as a knowledgeable and reliable source of capital, providing value-added advice, prompt processing, and management and operations support to our portfolio companies.
We market our loan and investment products and services, and those of our controlled portfolio companies, through referrals from our alliance partners such as Amalgamated Bank, Stifel Bank, Axiom Bank, Credit Union National Association, ENT Federal Credit Union, Legacy Bank, Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, Navy Federal Credit Union, New York Community Bank, Raymond James, Randolph Brooks Federal Credit Union, UBS, Meineke Dealers Purchasing Cooperative, Transworld Business Advisors, Army Navy Federal Credit Union, Teachers Federal Credit Union, Nassau Federal Educators Federal Credit Union, Spire Federal Credit Union, Aamco, 1800 Accountants, and True Value Company, among others using our patented NewTracker® referral system as well as direct referrals from our web presence, www.newtekone.com. The patent for our NewTracker® referral system is a software application patent covering the systems and methods for tracking, reporting and performing processing activities and transactions in association with referral data and related information for a variety of product and service offerings in a business-to-business environment providing further for security and transparency between referring parties. NewTracker® allows us and our alliance partners to review in real time the status of any referral as well as to provide real time compliance oversight by the respective alliance partner, which we believe creates confidence between the referred business client, the referring alliance partner and us.
Additional deal sourcing and referrals are obtained from individual professionals in geographic markets that have signed up to provide referrals and earn commissions through our BizExec and TechExec Programs. The BizExecs and TechExecs are traditionally information technology professionals, CPAs, independent insurance agents and sales and/or marketing professionals. In addition, electronic payment processing services are marketed through independent sales representatives and web technology and eCommerce services are marketed through internet-based marketing and third-party resellers. A common thread across all business lines of our subsidiaries and controlled portfolio companies relates to acquiring customers at low cost. We seek to bundle our marketing efforts through our brand, our portal, NewTracker®, our web presence as Your Business Solutions Company® and one easy entry point of contact. We expect that this approach will allow us to continue to cross-sell the business and financial solutions of our subsidiaries and controlled portfolio companies to our customers and customers of our controlled portfolio companies, and to build upon our extensive deal sourcing infrastructure.
Screening
We screen all potential debt or equity investment proposals that we receive for suitability and consistency with our investment criteria. See “Portfolio Company Characteristics,” above. In screening potential investments, our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee utilize a value-oriented investment philosophy and commit resources to managing downside exposure. If a potential investment meets our basic investment criteria, a business service specialist or other member of our team is assigned to perform preliminary due diligence.
SBA Lending Procedures
We originate loans under the SBA 7(a) Program (authorized by section 7(a) of the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. 636(a)), in accordance with our credit and underwriting policy, which incorporates by reference the applicable regulations and the SBA Standard Operating Procedures, Lender and Development Company Loan Program (“SOP 50 10 and 50 57 2”) (collectively, “SBA Loan Program Requirements”) as they relate to the financing and servicing of such loans.
During the initial application process for a loan originated under the SBA 7(a) Program, a Newtek business service specialist assists and guides the applicant through the application process, which begins with the submission of an online form through our customized loan portal. The online loan processing system collects required information and ensures that all necessary forms are provided to the applicant and filled out. The system conducts two early automatic screenings focused primarily on whether (i) the requested loan is for an eligible purpose, (ii) the requested loan is for an eligible amount and (iii) the applicant is an eligible borrower. If the applicant is eligible to fill out the entire application, the online system pre-qualifies the applicant based on preset credit parameters that meet the standards of Newtek and the SBA.
Once the online form and the application materials have been completed, our underwriting department (the “Underwriting Department”) becomes primarily responsible for reviewing and analyzing the application in order to accurately assess the level of risk being undertaken in making a loan. The Underwriting Department is responsible for assuring that all information necessary to prudently analyze the risk associated with a loan application has been obtained and has been analyzed. Credit files are developed and maintained with the documentation received during the application process in such a manner as to facilitate file review during subsequent developments during the life of the loan.
Required Information
For a loan originated under the SBA 7(a) Program, the primary application document is SBA Form 1919 (Borrower Information Form) (“Form 1919”). Among other things, Form 1919 requires identifying information about the applicant, loan request, indebtedness, the principals, current or previous government financing, and certain other disclosures.
In addition to Form 1919, the following additional information is required:
•an SBA Form 912 (Statement of Personal History), if the relevant questions in Form 1919 are answered affirmatively;
•an SBA Form 413 (Personal Financial Statement), for all owners of 20% or more (including the assets of the owner’s spouse and any minor children), and proposed guarantors;
•business financial statements dated within 180 days prior to submission to SBA, consisting of (a) year-end balance sheets for the last three years, including detailed debt schedule, (b) year-end profit & loss (P&L) statements for the last three years, (c) reconciliation of net worth, (d) interim balance sheet, and (e) interim P&L statements;
•a list of names and addresses of any subsidiaries and affiliates, including concerns in which the applicant holds a controlling interest and other concerns that may be affiliated by stock ownership, franchise, proposed merger or otherwise with the applicant, and business financial statements meeting the same requirements as above of such subsidiaries and affiliates;
•formation documents for all obligor entities to validate existence and structure;
•the applicant’s original business license or certificate of doing business;
•records of any loans the applicant may have applied for in the past;
•signed personal and business U.S. federal income tax returns of the principals of the applicant’s business for previous three years;
•personal resumes for each principal;
•a brief history of the business and its challenges, including an explanation of why the SBA loan is needed and how it will help the business;
•a copy of the applicant’s business lease, or note from the applicant’s landlord, giving terms of proposed lease; and
•if purchasing an existing business, (a) current balance sheet and P&L statement of business to be purchased, (b) previous two years U.S. federal income tax returns of the business, (c) proposed Bill of Sale including Terms of Sale, and (d) asking price with schedule of inventory, machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures.
We view current financial information as the foundation of sound credit analysis. To that end, we verify all business income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service and generally request that financial statements be submitted on an annual basis after the loan closes. For business entities or business guarantors, we request U.S. federal income tax returns for each fiscal year-end to meet the prior three-year submission requirement. For interim periods, we will accept management-prepared financial statements. The most recent financial information may not be more than 180 days old at the time of the approval of the loan, but we generally request that the most recent financial information not be older than 90 days in order to provide time for underwriting and submission to SBA for guaranty approval, if required. For individuals or personal guarantors, we require a personal financial statement dated within 180 days of the application (sixty days is preferred) and personal income tax returns for the prior three years. In connection with each yearly update of business financial information, the personal financial information of each principal must also be updated. Spouses are required to sign all personal financial statements in order for the Underwriting Department to verify compliance with the SBA’s personal resource test. In addition, the Underwriting Department will ensure that there has been no adverse impact on financial condition of the applicant or its principals since the approval of the loan. If closing does not occur within ninety days of the date on which the loan is approved, updated business and personal financial statements must be obtained and any adverse change must be addressed before the proceeds of the loan may be disbursed. If closing does not occur within six months of the date on which the loan is approved, the applicant is generally required to reapply for the loan.
Stress Test
The standard underwriting process requires a stress test on the applicant’s interest rate to gauge the amount of increase that can be withstood by the applicant’s cash flow and still provide sufficient cash to service debt. The applicant’s cash flow is tested up to a 2% increase in interest rate. If the applicant’s debt service coverage ratio decreases to 1:1 or less than 1:1, the loan may only be made as an exception to our Underwriting Guidelines and would require the approval of our credit committee.
Required Site Visit
No loan will be funded without an authorized representative of NSBF first making a site visit to the business premises. We generally use a contracted vendor to make the required site visit but may from time to time send our own employees to perform this function. Each site visit will generate a narrative of the business property as well as photographs of the business property. Additional site visits will be made when a physical on-site inspection is warranted.
Credit Assessment of Applicant
Loan requests are assessed primarily based upon an analysis of the character, cash flow, capital, liquidity and collateral involved in the transaction.
Character: We require a personal credit report to be obtained on any principal or guarantor involved in a loan transaction. Emphasis is placed upon the importance of individual credit histories, as this is a primary indicator of an individual’s willingness and ability to repay debt. Any material negative credit information must be explained in writing by the principal, and must be attached to the personal credit report in the credit file. No loan will be made where an individual’s credit history calls into question the repayment ability of the business operation. A loan request from an applicant who has declared bankruptcy within the ten years preceding the loan application will require special consideration. A thorough review of the facts behind the bankruptcy and impact on creditors will be undertaken in determining whether the principal has demonstrated the necessary willingness and ability to repay debts. In addition, we will examine whether the applicant and its principals and guarantors have abided by the laws of their community. Any situation where a serious question concerning a principal’s character exists will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. Unresolved character issues are grounds for declining a loan request regardless of the applicant’s financial condition or performance.
Cash Flow: We recognize that cash flow is the primary and desired source of repayment on any loan, and therefore is the primary focus of the credit decision. Any transaction in which the repayment is not reasonably assured through cash flow will be declined, regardless of other possible credit strengths. At a minimum, combined EBITDA will be used to evaluate repayment ability. Other financial analysis techniques will be employed as needed to establish the reasonableness of repayment. Where repayment is based on past experience, the applicant must demonstrate minimum combined cash flow coverage of 1.2 times based upon the most recent fiscal year-end financial statement. A determination of the ability to repay will not be based solely upon interim operating results. Where repayment ability is not evident from historical combined earnings (including new businesses and changes of ownership), projections will be analyzed to determine whether repayment ability is reasonably assured. For changes in ownership, monthly cash flow forecasts will be analyzed to determine adequacy to meet all of the borrower’s needs.
For business acquisition applications, the applicant will be required to submit projections and support such projections by detailed assumptions made for all major revenue and expense categories and an explanation of how the projections will be met. Analysis must include comparisons with relevant Risk Management Association (“RMA”) industry averages. EBITDA must be reasonably forecast to exceed debt service requirements by at least 1.2 times, after accounting for the initial phase of operations. For change of ownership applications, projections will also be measured against the actual historical financial results of the seller of the business concern. Projections must demonstrate repayment ability of not less than 1.2 times.
Capital: Capital is a strong traditional indicator of the financial health of a business. For going concern entities, the pro-forma leverage position, as measured by the debt to tangible net worth ratio, may not exceed the RMA industry median or 4 to 1, whichever is greater. For change of ownership transactions, generally 25% of total project costs should be contributed as equity resulting in debt to tangible net worth ratio of 3 to 1.
For a change of ownership transaction where a substantial portion of intangibles are included within the transaction, adequacy of capital will be determined based upon an evaluation of the business value and level of injection. In determining the legitimacy of the business value, the loan underwriter must utilize two SBA approved valuation methods, as outlined in SBA SOP 50 10. If the business value is found to be acceptable, and the equity injection into the project is within our requirements as outlined herein, then the capital position will be considered satisfactory.
As a general rule, shareholder and affiliate loans may be added back to net worth only if such loans will be subordinated for the life of the SBA loan, with no principal or interest payments to be made. Financing by the seller of the business may also be considered as equity if the loan will be placed on full standby for the life of the SBA loan. Adjustments to net worth to account for the difference between the book value and appraised value of fixed assets may be made only when supported by a current appraisal. Appraisals on a “subject to” basis are not acceptable.
Liquidity: Liquidity, as measured by the current ratio, must be in line with the RMA industry average. An assessment of the adequacy of working capital is required. An assessment of the liquidity of a business is essential in determining the ability to meet future obligations. Lending to cash businesses such as hotels and restaurants requires less analysis of the liquidity of the business due to the timing of cash receipts. Industries with large receivables, payables, and inventory accounts require thorough review of the cash cycle of the business and evaluation of the applicant’s ability to manage these accounts. The current and quick ratios and turnover of receivables, payables and inventory are measured against the RMA industry median in determining the adequacy of these liquidity measures.
Collateral: We are required to reasonably secure each loan transaction with all worthwhile and available assets. Pursuant to SBA SOP 50 10, we may not (and will not) decline a loan if the only weakness in the application is the value of collateral in relation to the loan amount, provided that all assets available to the business and its principals have been pledged. As set forth in SBA SOP 50 10, the SBA considers a loan to be fully secured if the lender has taken a security interest in all available fixed assets with a combined “net book value” adjusted up to the loan amounts below. For 7(a) loans, “fixed assets” means real estate, including land and structures and machinery and equipment owned by the business. “Net book value” is defined as an asset’s original price minus depreciation and amortization.
We attempt to secure each loan transaction with as much real estate and liquid asset collateral as necessary; however, all fixed assets must be evaluated. Fixed assets are evaluated on the basis of the net book value to determine the realizable value among collateral types. Valuation factors are applied as follows:
•Commercial real estate - 75%
•Residential real estate - 85%
•Vacant land - 50%
•Machinery & Equipment - 50%
•Furniture & Fixtures - 10%
•Accounts receivable & inventory -10%
•Leasehold improvements - 5%
•Certificate of Deposit - 100%
•Regulated Licenses - will vary dependent upon type of license and geographic area. The liquidation rate used must be fully justified.
In addition to an assessment of the criteria specified above, there are certain special industry-specific requirements that will be considered in the loan application decision.
Change of Ownership: The minimum equity injection required in a change of ownership transaction is generally 20% but may be lower for specific industries such as medical and dental practices, gas stations and convenience stores, flag hotels and “strong” non-lodging franchises.
In the event of financing from the seller of the business, the applicant must inject not less than 10% of the project cost; the seller of the business may provide the balance on a complete standby basis for the life of the SBA loan. Exceptions to the equity requirement are reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
For a change of ownership transaction, the application must be accompanied by a business plan including reasonable financial projections. The financial performance of the seller of the business must be evaluated based upon three years of corporate income tax returns and a current interim financial statement. Projections for the applicant must be in line with the historical financial performance at the business location. In cases where financial performance of the seller of the business is poor, a satisfactory explanation must be provided to detail the circumstances of performance. Projections for the applicant must be accompanied by detailed assumptions and be supported by information contained in the business plan.
Management should have related experience in the industry and demonstrate the ability to successfully operate the business. In the absence of satisfactory related experience, an assessment of management’s experience and capabilities, given the complexity and nature of the business, will be made. In the case of a franchise, we will generally take into account the reputation of a franchisor for providing worthwhile management assistance to its franchisees.
We carefully review change of ownership transactions. The loan underwriter will review the contract for sale, which will be included in the credit file. The contract for sale must include a complete breakdown of the purchase price, which must be justified through either a third party appraisal or directly by the loan underwriter through an approved valuation method specified in SBA SOP 50 10. The contract of sale must evidence an arm’s length transaction (but transactions between related parties are permitted so long as they are on an arm’s-length basis) which will preserve the existence of the small business or promote its sound development. In addition, a satisfactory reason for the sale of the business must be provided. The seller of the business must provide the prior three years of business tax returns and a current interim financial statement, as applicable.
As part of due diligence for a change of ownership transaction, the closing department will order and review lien searches run on the seller as well as the borrower/buyer. If such a search identifies any adverse information or unexpected liens, the credit will be referred back to underwriting so that a prudent credit decision may be made on the application in light of the new information.
Real Estate Transactions: Loan proceeds for the acquisition or refinancing of land or an existing building or for renovation or reconstruction of an existing building must meet the following criteria:
•the property must be at least 51% owner-occupied pursuant to SBA policies; and
•loan proceeds may not be used to remodel or convert any rental space in the property.
For new construction, the Applicant must occupy 60% of the Rentable Property, may permanently lease to a third party up to 20% and temporarily lease an additional 20% with the intention of using some of the additional 20% within 3 years and all of it within 10 years.
NSBF policy regarding the use of real estate appraisals and environmental reports is intended to provide for a secure, orderly and independent process for the ordering, receipt and approval of independent valuation and environmental reports. Commercial real estate appraisals are required on all primary collateral prior to the loan closing. In general, appraisals will be required as follows:
•For loans greater than $500,000 is secured by commercial real property; or
•For loans $500,000 or less secured by commercial real property, an appraisal will be required if such appraisal is necessary for appropriate evaluation of creditworthiness.
•The appraiser must be either State-licensed or State-certified (except when the property’s estimated value is over $1,000,000, when the appraiser must be State-certified) and the appraisal report must conform to Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP);
•Appraisal reviews are required for all commercial real estate with an appraised value of $500,000 or more conducted by a licensed/certified and independent MAI appraiser.
Environmental screenings and an environmental questionnaire are required for all commercial real estate taken as collateral.
The type and depth of an Environmental Investigation to be performed varies with the risks of Contamination.
In general, environmental reports are required as follows:
•for real estate valued up to $500,000 - a transaction screen including a records review;
•for real estate valued in excess of $500,000 - a Phase I Environmental Report; and
•a Phase I Environmental Report will be required regardless of property value: gasoline service stations, car washes, dry cleaners and any other business known to be in environmentally polluting industries.
In all cases for commercial real estate taken as collateral:
•if further testing is recommended, the recommended level of testing will be performed prior to the loan closing; and
•if the report indicates remedial action to be taken by the business, such actions must be completed prior to the loan closing and a closure letter must be provided prior to funding.
Medical Professionals: In connection with a loan application relating to the financing of a medical business, all medical licenses will be verified, with the loss or non-renewal of license constituting grounds for denial of the application. In addition, medical professionals must provide evidence of malpractice liability insurance of at least $2.0 million or the loan amount, whichever is higher. Malpractice insurance must be maintained for the life of the loan.
Franchise Lending: All franchise loan applications will be evaluated as to eligibility by accessing SBA’s Franchise Directory as required by SBA, which does not permit assistance to a franchise that has not been approved and listed on its Franchise Directory. The underwriter will review the Franchise Disclosure Document and the Franchise Agreement in the course of underwriting the credit.
Credit Package
For each loan application, the loan underwriter will prepare a credit package (the “Credit Package”). All credit and collateral issues are addressed in the Credit Package, including but not limited to, the terms and conditions of the loan request, use of proceeds, collateral adequacy, financial condition of the applicant and business, management strength, repayment ability and conditions precedent. The Underwriting Department will recommend approval, denial or modification of the loan application. The Credit Package is submitted to our credit committee for further review and final decision regarding the loan application.
Other than rejections for ineligibility of the applicant, the type of business or the loan purpose, NSBF may decline a loan application for the following reasons:
•after taking into consideration prior liens and considered along with other credit factors, the net value of the collateral offered as security is not sufficient to protect the interest of the U.S. Government;
•lack of reasonable assurance of ability to repay loan (and other obligations) from earnings;
•lack of reasonable assurance that the business can be operated at a rate of profit sufficient to repay the loan (and other obligations) from earnings;
•disproportion of loan requested and of debts to tangible net worth before and after the loan;
•inadequate working capital after the disbursement of the loan;
•the result of granting the financial assistance requested would be to replenish funds distributed to the owners, partners, or shareholders;
•lack of satisfactory evidence that the funds required are not obtainable without undue hardship through utilization of personal credit or resources of the owner, partners or shareholders;
•the major portion of the loan requested would be to refinance existing indebtedness presently financed through normal lending channels;
•credit commensurate with applicant’s tangible net worth is already being provided on terms considered reasonable;
•gross disproportion between owner’s actual investment and the loan requested;
•lack of reasonable assurance that applicant will comply with the terms of the loan agreement;
•unsatisfactory experience on an existing loan; or
•economic or physical injury not substantiated.
If a loan application is accepted, we will issue an approval letter to the applicant. After approval, the SBA and NSBF enter into a Loan Authorization Agreement which sets forth the terms and conditions for the SBA’s guaranty on the loan. The closing of a loan is handled by the closing and legal department consisting of loan closer, in-house attorneys and paralegals, whose primary responsibility is to close the loan in accordance with prudent lending standards and in compliance with SBA requirements thereby seeking to preserve SBA’s guaranty of repayment. Before loan proceeds are disbursed, the closing staff will review all required documentation (including but not limited to entity documentation, proof of insurance and licensing, environmental reports and appraisals, and will verify the applicant’s required capital injection, ensure that loan proceeds are being used as authorized and obtain required lien positions.
Maintenance of Credit Files
Loan files (consisting of credit files, due diligence, loan closing documentation) are maintained and administered in the Newtek Loan Portal and permanently stored in the Newtek Filevault. The loan file contains all documentation necessary to show: (a) the basis and purpose of the loan, (b) compliance with policy, regulation, loan conditions (such as rate, terms of repayment, collateral), and (c) the authority for granting the loan. The loan file is subject to review or audit by the SBA at any time. The files are organized pursuant to a specified format which facilitates the consistency and readability of the documentation for reviewers and/or auditors. Portfolio and servicing documentation are also administered in the Newtek Loan Portal and permanently stored in the Newtek File Vault.
Other, Primarily Equity Investments
Due Diligence and Underwriting
In making loans or equity investments other than SBA 7(a) loans or similar conventional loans to SMBs, our Executive Committee will take a direct role in screening potential loans or investments, in supervising the due diligence process, in the preparation of deal documentation and the completion of the transactions. The members of the Executive Committee and/or Senior Lending Team complete due diligence and analyze the relationships among the prospective portfolio company’s business plan, operations and expected financial performance. Due diligence may address some or all of the following depending on the size and nature of the proposed investment:
•on-site visits with management and relevant key employees;
•in-depth review of historical and projected financial statements, including covenant calculation work sheets;
•interviews with customers and suppliers;
•management background checks;
•review reports by third-party accountants, outside counsel and other industry, operational or financial experts; and/or
•review material contracts.
During the underwriting process, significant, ongoing attention is devoted to sensitivity analyses regarding whether a company might bear a significant “downside” case and remain profitable and in compliance with assumed financial covenants. These “downside” scenarios typically involve assumptions regarding the loss of key customers and/or suppliers, an economic downturn, adverse regulatory changes and other relevant stressors that we attempt to simulate in our quantitative and qualitative analyses. Further, we continually examine the effect of these scenarios on financial ratios and other metrics.
Approval, Documentation and Closing
Upon the completion of the due diligence process, the Executive Committee will review the results and determine if the transaction should proceed to approval. If approved by our Senior Lending Team and Executive Committee, the underwriting professionals heretofore involved proceed to documentation.
As and to the extent necessary, key documentation challenges are brought before our Senior Lending Team and Executive Committee for prompt discussion and resolution. Upon the completion of satisfactory documentation and the satisfaction of closing conditions, final approval is sought from our Executive Committee before closing and funding.
Ongoing Relationships with Portfolio Companies
Monitoring, Managerial Assistance
We have and will continue to monitor our portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. We monitor the financial trends of each portfolio company to determine if it is meeting its business plan and to assess the appropriate course of action for each company. We generally require our portfolio companies to provide annual audits, quarterly unaudited financial statements with management discussion and analysis and covenant compliance certificates, and monthly unaudited financial statements. Using these monthly financial statements, we calculate and evaluate all financial covenants and additional financial coverage ratios that might not be part of our covenant package in the loan documents. For purposes of analyzing a portfolio company’s financial performance, we sometimes adjust their financial statements to reflect pro-forma results in the event of a recent change of control, sale, acquisition or anticipated cost savings. Additionally, we believe that, through our integrated marketing and sale of each business and financial solution offered by NSBF and our controlled portfolio companies, to our controlled portfolio companies and non-affiliate portfolio companies, we have in place extensive and robust monitoring capabilities.
We have several methods of evaluating and monitoring the performance and fair value of our investments, including the following:
•assessment of success in adhering to each portfolio company’s business plan and compliance with covenants;
•periodic and regular contact with portfolio company management to discuss financial position, requirements and accomplishments;
•comparisons to our other portfolio companies in the industry, if any;
•attendance at and participation in board meetings; and/or
•review of monthly and quarterly financial statements and financial projections for portfolio companies.
As part of our valuation procedures, we risk rate all of our investments including loans. In general, our rating system uses a scale of 1 to 8, with 1 being the lowest probability of default and principal loss. Our internal rating is not an exact system, but is used internally to estimate the probability of: (i) default on our debt securities and (ii) loss of our debt or investment principal, in the event of a default. In general, our internal rating system may also assist our valuation team in its determination of the estimated fair value of equity securities or equity-like securities. Our internal risk rating system generally encompasses both qualitative and quantitative aspects of our portfolio companies.
Our internal loan and investment risk rating system incorporates the following eight categories:
Rating Summary Description
1 Acceptable - Highest Quality - Loans or investments that exhibit strong financial condition and repayment capacity supported by adequate financial information. Generally, as loans these credits are well secured by marketable collateral. These credits are current and have not demonstrated a history of late-pay or delinquency. There are no or few credit administration weaknesses. This score represents a combination of a strong acceptable credit and adequate or better credit administration. Newly underwritten loans or investments may be rated in this category if they clearly possess above-average attributes in all of the above areas. In general, as investments these credits are performing within our internal expectations, and potential risks to the applicable investment are considered to be neutral or favorable compared to any potential risks at the time of the original investment.
2 Acceptable - Average Quality - These loans or investments are supported by financial condition and repayment strengths that offset marginal weaknesses. Generally, as loans these credits are secured but may be less than fully secured. These loans are current or less than 30 days past due and may or may not have a history of late payments. They may contain non-material credit administration weaknesses or errors in verifying that do not put the guaranty at risk or cause wrong or poor credit decisions to be made. This risk rating should also be used to assign an initial risk rating to loans or investments that are recommended for approval by underwriting. Without a performance history and/or identified credit administration deficiencies, emphasis should be placed on meeting or exceeding underwriting standards collateral protection, industry experience, and guarantor strength. It is expected that most of our underwritten loans will be of this quality.
3 Acceptable - Below Average - These loans or investments are the low-end range of acceptable. Loans would be less than fully secured and probably have a history of late pay and/or delinquency, though not severe. They contain one or more credit administration weaknesses that do not put the guaranty at risk or cause wrong or poor credit decisions to be made. This risk rating may also be used to identify new loans or investments that may not meet or exceed all underwriting standards, but are approved because of offsetting strengths in other areas. These credits, while of acceptable quality, typically do not possess the same strengths as those in the 1 or 2 categories. In general, the investment may be performing below internal expectations and quantitative or qualitative risks may have increased materially since the date of the investment.
4 Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM or Special Mention) - Strong - These loans or investments are currently protected by sound worth and cash flow or other paying capacity, but exhibit a potentially higher risk situation than acceptable credits. While there is an undue or unwarranted credit risk, it is not yet to the point of justifying a substandard classification. Generally, these loans demonstrate some delinquency history and contain credit administration weaknesses. Performance may show signs of slippage, but can still be corrected. Credit does not require a specific allowance at this point but a risk of loss is present.
5 Substandard - Workout - These assets contain well defined weaknesses and are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower. Generally, loan collateral protects to a significant extent. There is a possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and secondary sources may have to be used to repay credit. Credit administration can range from very good to adequate indicating one or more oversights, errors, or omissions which are considered significant but not seriously misleading or causing an error in the loan decision. Performance has slipped and there are well-defined weaknesses. A specific allowance is in order or risk of loss is present.
6 Substandard - Liquidation - These assets contain well defined weaknesses and are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or investee. In addition, the weaknesses are so severe that resurrection of the credit is unlikely. For loans, secondary sources will have to be used for repayment. Credits in this category would be severely stressed, non-accrual, and the business may be non-viable. There could be character and significant credit administration issues as well. A specific allowance should be established or the lack of one clearly justified.
7 Doubtful - This classification contains all of the weaknesses inherent in a substandard classification but with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment of principal in full, on the basis of existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is very high, but the exact amount may not be estimable at the current point in time. Loans in this category are severely stressed, generally non-accrual and/or involve a non-viable operation. Collateral may be difficult to value because of limited salability, no ready and available market, or unknown location or condition of the collateral. Credit administration weaknesses can range from few to severe and may jeopardize the credit as well as the guaranty. All such loans or investments should have a specific allowance.
8 Loss - Loans or investments classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is no longer warranted. This classification does not mean that the credit has no recovery or salvage value but, rather, it is not practical to defer writing off this asset. It is also possible that the credit decision cannot be supported by the credit administration process. Documents and verification are lacking; analysis is poor or undocumented, there is no assurance that the loan is eligible or that a correct credit decision was made. Loss loans are loans where a loss total can be clearly estimated. Losses should be taken during the period in which they are identified.
We will monitor and, when appropriate, change the investment ratings assigned to each loan or investment in our portfolio. In connection with our valuation process, our management team will review these investment ratings on a quarterly basis, and our Board will review and affirm such ratings. The investment rating of a particular investment should not, however, be deemed to be a guarantee of the investment’s future performance.
Historically, we have offered to provide significant operating and managerial assistance to our portfolio companies and have provided significant operating and managerial assistance to our controlled portfolio companies. As a BDC, we will continue to offer, and must provide upon request, managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. This assistance will typically involve, among other things, monitoring the operations and financial performance of our portfolio companies, participating in board and management meetings, consulting with and advising officers of portfolio companies and providing other organizational and financial assistance. We may sometimes receive fees for these services.
Valuation Procedures
We conduct the valuation of our assets, pursuant to which our net asset value shall be determined, at all times consistent with GAAP and the 1940 Act. Our valuation procedures are set forth in more detail below:
Securities for which market quotations are readily available on an exchange shall be valued at such price as of the closing price on the day of valuation. We may also obtain quotes with respect to certain of our investments from pricing services or brokers or dealers in order to value assets. When doing so, we will determine whether the quote obtained is sufficient according to GAAP to determine the fair value of the security. If determined adequate, we will use the quote obtained. We also employ independent third-party valuation firms for certain of our investments for which there is not a readily available market value.
Securities for which reliable market quotations are not readily available or for which the pricing source does not provide a valuation or methodology or provides a valuation or methodology that, in the judgment of our Board, does not represent fair value, which we expect will represent a substantial majority of the investments in our portfolio, shall be valued as follows: (i) each portfolio company or investment is initially valued by the investment professionals responsible for the portfolio investment; (ii) preliminary valuation conclusions are documented and discussed with our Senior Lending Team and Executive Committee; (iii) independent third-party valuation firms engaged by, or on behalf of, the Board will conduct independent appraisals, review management’s preliminary valuations and prepare separate preliminary valuation conclusions on a selected basis; (iv) the Board reviews the preliminary valuations of members of our Senior Lending Team and Executive Committee and/or that of the third-party valuation firm and responds to the valuation recommendation with comments, if any; and (v) the Board will discuss valuations and determine the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith.
Determination of fair value involves subjective judgments and estimates not susceptible to substantiation by auditing procedures. Accordingly, under current auditing standards, the notes to our financial statements will refer to the uncertainty with respect to the possible effect of such valuations, and any change in such valuations, on our financial statements.
The determination of fair value will generally be based on the following factors, as relevant:
•the nature and realizable value of any collateral;
•adherence to the portfolio company’s business plan and compliance with covenants;
•periodic and regular contact with the portfolio company’s management to discuss financial position, requirements and accomplishments;
•comparison to portfolio companies in the same industry, if any;
•the portfolio company’s ability to make payments;
•the portfolio company’s earnings and discounted cash flow;
•the markets in which the portfolio company does business; and
•comparisons to publicly traded securities.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available or for which a pricing source is not sufficient may include, but are not limited to, the following:
•private placements and restricted securities that do not have an active trading market;
•securities whose trading has been suspended or for which market quotes are no longer available;
•debt securities that have recently gone into default and for which there is no current market;
•securities whose prices are stale;
•securities affected by significant events; and
•securities that our investment professionals believe were priced incorrectly.
Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act was adopted by the SEC in December 2020 and establishes requirements for determining fair value in good faith for purposes of the 1940 Act. We are evaluating the impact of adopting Rule 2a-5 on the consolidated financial statements and intend to comply with the new rule’s requirements on or before the compliance date in September 2022.
Competition
We compete for SBA 7(a) and other SMB loans with other financial institutions and various SMB lenders, as well as other sources of funding. Additionally, competition for investment opportunities has emerged among alternative investment vehicles, such as collateralized loan obligations, some of which are sponsored by other alternative asset investors, as these entities have begun to focus on making investments in SMBs. As a result of these new entrants, competition for our investment opportunities may intensify. Many of these entities have greater financial and managerial resources than we do, but we believe that they invariably lack the ability to process loans as quickly as we can and do not have the depth of our customer service capabilities. We believe we will be able to compete with these entities primarily on the basis of our financial technology infrastructure, our experience and reputation, our deep industry knowledge and ability to provide customized business solutions, our willingness to make smaller investments than other specialty finance companies, the breadth of our contacts, our responsive and efficient investment analysis and decision-making processes, and the investment terms we offer.
We and our controlled portfolio companies compete in a large number of markets for the sale of financial and business solutions to SMBs. Each of our controlled portfolio companies competes not only against suppliers in its particular state or region of the country but also against suppliers operating on a national or even a multi-national scale. None of the markets in which our controlled portfolio companies compete are dominated by a small number of companies that could materially alter the terms of the competition.
Our electronic payment processing portfolio companies compete with entities including Global Payments, First National Bank of Omaha and Paymentech, L.P. Our managed technology solutions portfolio company competes with 1&1, Hosting.com, Discount ASP, Maxum ASP, GoDaddy®, Yahoo!®, BlueHost®, iPowerWeb®, Amazon Web Services®, Microsoft® Azure, Google®, and RackSpace among others.
Our business finance ecosystem competes with regional and national banks and non-bank lenders. Other companies, including Intuit®, are bundling electronic payment processing, web hosting and payroll services similar to ours in offerings that compete in the same SMB market.
In many cases, we believe that our competitors are not as able as we are to take advantage of changes in business practices due to technological developments and, for those with a larger size, are unable to offer the personalized service that many SMB owners and operators desire.
While we compete with many different providers in our various businesses, we have been unable to identify any direct and comprehensive competitors that deliver the same broad suite of services focused on the needs of the SMB market with the same marketing strategy as we do. We believe that some of the competitive advantages of our platform include:
•compatible products such as our e-commerce offerings that we are able to bundle to increase sales, reduce costs and reduce risks for our customers and enable us to sell two, three, or four products at the same time;
•the patented NewTracker® referral system, which allows us and our portfolio companies to process new business utilizing a web-based, centralized processing point and provides back end scalability, and allows our alliance partners to offer a centralized access point for their SMB clients as part of their larger strategic approach to marketing, thus demonstrating their focus on providing a suite of services to the SMB market in addition to their core service;
•the focus on developing and marketing business solutions and financial products and services aimed at the SMB market;
•scalability, which allows us to size our business solutions capabilities very quickly to meet customer and market needs;
•the ability to offer personalized service and competitive rates;
•a strategy of multiple channel distribution, which gives us maximum exposure in the marketplace;
•high quality customer service 24/7/365 across all business lines, with a focus primarily on absolute customer service and;
•a telephonic interview process, as opposed to requiring handwritten or data-typing processes, which allows us to offer high levels of customer service and satisfaction, particularly for SMB owners who do not get this service from our competitors
Revenues by Geographic Area
During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, all of our revenue was derived from customers in the United States.
Human Capital including Senior Lending Team and Executive Committee
As an internally managed BDC, the long-term success of our Company depends on our people. Our team comprises experienced investment professionals, executive officers and treasury, finance, risk management, administrative support, IT and human resources professionals.
The key members of our senior lending team (“Senior Lending Team”), many of whom have worked together for more than ten years, each have over 25 years of experience in finance-related fields. These investment professionals have worked together to screen opportunities, underwrite new investments and manage a portfolio of investments in SMBs through two recessions, a credit crunch, the dot-com boom and bust and a historic, leverage-fueled asset valuation bubble. Each member brings a complementary component to a team well-rounded in finance, accounting, operations, strategy, business law and executive management.
Because we are internally managed by our Executive Committee, which includes Barry Sloane, Peter Downs, Michael A. Schwartz and Nicholas Leger, under the supervision of our Board, and do not depend on a third-party investment advisor, we do not pay investment advisory fees and all of our income is available to pay our operating costs and to make distributions to our shareholders. While our portfolio companies are independently managed, our Executive Committee also oversees our controlled portfolio companies and, to the extent that we may make additional equity investments in the future, the Executive Committee will also have primary responsibility for the identification, screening, review and completion of such investments. We do not expect to focus our resources on investing in additional stand-alone equity investments, but may elect to do so from time to time on an opportunistic basis, if such opportunities arise. Messrs. Sloane and Downs have been involved together in the structuring and management of equity investments for the past 18 years.
The retention of our Senior Lending Team and Executive Committee is material to the management of our business. The departure of key investment personnel could adversely affect our business and cause us to lose current and potential investment opportunities. As such, we offer a competitive compensation and benefits structure that we believe is attractive to our current and prospective professionals. As we hire and develop individuals, we take succession planning into account and have succession plans in place for each of our senior leaders.
As of December 31, 2021 our workforce consisted of 104 professionals. We strive to continue to create a welcoming and inclusive work environment for our employees. We are committed to recruiting, motivating. and developing a diversity of talent and to create an inclusive community where all individuals are welcomed, valued, respected, and heard. In order to support a culture of learning, we provide many training opportunities for our employees to continue to build their skills and increase their effectiveness as members of a team, including offering a variety of external and internal classes and training sessions as well as hands-on learning and one-on-one mentorship. We continue to encourage dialogue between managers and employees and have increased the frequency of our communications with employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
We are committed to fostering a workplace conducive to the open communication of any concerns regarding unethical, fraudulent or illegal activities. Feedback from employees on matters related to their employment or our operations including its financial statement disclosures, accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters is greatly appreciated and helps to build a stronger organization. Each director, officer, regular full-time, part-time and temporary employee of the Company has the ability to report confidentially under the Company’s whistleblower policy: (a) questionable or improper accounting, internal controls, auditing matters, disclosure, or fraudulent business practices and (b) illegal or unethical behavior that has occurred, is ongoing, or is about to occur of an applicable law, rule, regulation or policy of the Company. We protect the confidentiality of those making reports of possible misconduct to the maximum extent permitted by law. Our no retaliation policy prohibits retaliation against those who report activities believed in good faith to be a violation of any law, rule, regulation or internal policy.
We maintain and ensure compliance of all directors, officers and employees to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) which is acknowledged in writing on joining and annually by all our employees, as a continued condition of employment. Our Code of Ethics establishes applicable policies, guidelines, and procedures that promote ethical practices and conduct by the Company and all its employees, officers, and directors. Our Code of Ethics can be found on our website at https:/investor.newtekbusinessservices.com/corporate-governance.
We aim to provide a safe environment at work. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the safety of our employees, clients, customers, and vendors has been at the forefront of our decisions regarding when it is safe for employees to return to work in the office. Accordingly, we have encouraged employees to work from home in regions where doing so is recommended by local guidance. Following local and CDC guidance, we have made our offices accessible to those who prefer to work in the office, with restrictions and safety protocols in place, including limiting office capacity. For those hesitant to return to the office, we have continued to support remote work as an option during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to protecting the physical safety of our employees, we seek to promote a safe environment that is free of harassment or bullying. We do not tolerate discrimination and harassment of any kind including but not limited to sexual, gender identity, race, religion, ethnicity, age, or disability, among others.
During the pandemic, we have encouraged employee health and wellness by being aware that employees need flexibility during this time and have different needs. We have made information and services available to support employees. We emphasize employee engagement, particularly during the ongoing pandemic, by encouraging ongoing dialogue with managers, colleagues and leaders. Communications have been more frequent during this time so that employees can stay connected and that we understand our employees’ diverse needs. We monitor our attrition and analyze reasons for leaving the Company. We value employee feedback and make adjustments to employees’ needs and concerns as they are raised.
Available Information
We are subject to the informational requirements of the SEC and in accordance with those requirements file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the SEC’s web site is http://www.sec.gov. Our principal offices are located at 4800 T Rex Avenue, Suite 120, Boca Raton, Florida and our telephone number is (212) 356-9500. Our website may be directly accessed at http://www.newtekone.com. We make available through our website, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. These documents may be directly accessed at https://investor.newtekbusinessservices.com. Information contained on our website is not a part of this report.
Regulation
We have elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. We have also elected to be treated for tax purposes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to transactions between BDCs and their affiliates (including any investment advisers or sub-advisers), principal underwriters and affiliates of those affiliates or
underwriters and requires that a majority of the directors be persons other than “interested persons,” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.
In addition, the 1940 Act provides that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by “a majority of our outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act. A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of such company’s voting securities present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company. In connection with the Company’s pending acquisition of NBNYC and plan to reposition the Company as a bank holding company, which is subject to the approval of, among others, federal banking regulators and the SBA, the Company anticipates seeking approval of the Company’s shareholders to withdraw the Company’s election as a BDC under the 1940 Act. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Executive Summary” and “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Converting to a Financial Holding Company.”
We generally are not able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, issue and sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the then-current net asset value of our common stock if (1) our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, and (2) our stockholders have approved our policy and practice of making such sales within the preceding 12 months. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price which, in the determination of our board of directors, closely approximates the market value of such securities. At an August 3, 2021 special meeting of shareholders, our shareholders authorized us to sell shares of our common stock until the earlier of our 2022 annual meeting of shareholders or August 2, 2022, at a price below its then current net asset value per share subject to certain conditions (including that the cumulative number of shares sold does not exceed 20% of its then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale). During 2021, the Company did not sell any shares of its common stock at a price below then-current net asset value per share.
Under the 1940 Act, a BDC generally may not issue senior securities unless the ratio of its total assets (less total liabilities other than indebtedness represented by senior securities) to its total indebtedness represented by senior securities plus preferred stock, if any, is at least 200%. This means that a BDC generally may borrow up to $1 for every $1 of investor equity. However, legislation enacted in March 2018 modified the 1940 Act by allowing a BDC to increase the maximum amount of leverage it may incur from an asset coverage ratio of 200% to an asset coverage ratio of 150%, if, among other things, shareholders representing at least a majority of the votes cast, when quorum is met, approve a proposal to do so. At a special meeting of shareholders held on July 26, 2018, our stockholders approved a proposal to reduce our minimum required asset coverage to 150%, effective July 27, 2018. As a result, we generally may borrow up to $2 for every $1 of investor equity. See “Senior Securities; Coverage Ratio.”
We may be prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our Board who are not interested persons and, in some cases, prior approval by the SEC.
We may invest up to 100% of our assets in securities acquired directly from issuers in privately negotiated transactions. With respect to such securities, we may, for the purpose of public resale, be deemed an “underwriter” as that term is defined in the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act. We do not intend to acquire securities issued by any investment company that exceed the limits imposed by the 1940 Act. Prior to January 19, 2021, except for registered money market funds, we generally were prohibited from acquiring more than 3% of the voting stock of any registered investment company, investing more than 5% of the value of our total assets in the securities of one investment company, or investing more than 10% of the value of our total assets in the securities of more than one investment company without obtaining exemptive relief from the SEC. However, the SEC adopted new rules, which became effective on January 19, 2021, that allow us to acquire the securities of other investment companies in excess of the 3%, 5% and 10% limitations without obtaining exemptive relief if we comply with certain conditions. With regard to that portion of our portfolio invested in securities issued by investment companies, it should be noted that such investments might indirectly subject our stockholders to additional expenses as they will indirectly be responsible for the costs and expenses of such companies. None of our investment policies are fundamental and any may be changed without stockholder approval.
Exemptive Relief
On May 10, 2016, we received an order from the SEC for exemptive relief that, with the shareholders’ approval we received on July 27, 2016, allows us to take certain actions that would otherwise be prohibited by the 1940 Act, as applicable to BDCs. Specifically, the order permits us to (i) issue restricted stock awards to our officers, employees and employee and non-employee directors, (ii) issue stock options to our employees, (iii) withhold shares of the Company’s common stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of restricted stock or the exercise of options that were granted to pursuant to the 2014 Plan or the Amended Stock Plan, and (iv) permit participants to pay the exercise price of Options that were granted to them pursuant to the 2014 Plan or will be granted to them pursuant to Amended Stock Plan with shares of Applicant’s common stock.
Qualifying Assets
Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as qualifying assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the company’s total assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to our proposed business are the following:
(1)Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio company, or from any person who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible portfolio company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC. An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer which:
(a) is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States;
(b) is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly owned by the BDC) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act: and
(c) does not have any class of securities listed on a national securities exchange; or if it has securities listed on a national securities exchange such company has market capitalization of less than $250 million; is controlled by the BDC and has an affiliate of a BDC on its board of directors; or meets such other criteria as may be established by the SEC. Control, as defined by the 1940 Act, is presumed to exist where a BDC beneficially owns more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of the portfolio company.
(2)Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities was unable to meet its obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements.
(3)Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and we already own 60% of the outstanding equity of the eligible portfolio company.
(4)Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described in (1) through (3) above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities.
(5)Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.
Significant Managerial Assistance
A BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in “Qualifying Assets” above. BDCs generally must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities significant managerial assistance, except in circumstances where either (i) the BDC controls such issuer of securities or (ii) the BDC purchases such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together and one of the other persons in the group makes available such managerial assistance. Making available managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the BDC, through its directors, officers or employees, offers to provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company.
Temporary Investments
Pending investment in other types of “qualifying assets,” as described above, our investments may consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which we refer to, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets are qualifying assets. Typically, we invest in highly rated commercial paper, U.S. Government agency notes, U.S. Treasury bills or in repurchase agreements relating to such securities that are fully collateralized by cash or securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies. A repurchase agreement involves the purchase by an investor, such as us, of a specified security and the simultaneous agreement by the seller to repurchase it at an agreed-upon future date and at a price which is greater than the purchase price by an amount that reflects an agreed-upon interest rate. Consequently, repurchase agreements are functionally similar to loans. There is no percentage restriction on the proportion of our assets that may be invested in such repurchase agreements. However, the 1940 Act and certain diversification tests in order to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes typically require us to limit the amount we invest with any one counterparty. Our management monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties with which we enter into repurchase agreement transactions.
Warrants and Options
Under the 1940 Act, a BDC is subject to restrictions on the amount of warrants, options, restricted stock or rights to purchase shares of capital stock that it may have outstanding at any time. Under the 1940 Act, we may generally only offer warrants provided that (i) the warrants expire by their terms within ten years, (ii) the exercise or conversion price is not less than the current market value at the date of issuance, (iii) our stockholders authorize the proposal to issue such warrants, and our Board approves such issuance on the basis that the issuance is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders and (iv) if the warrants are accompanied by other securities, the warrants are not separately transferable unless no class of such warrants and the securities accompanying them has been publicly distributed. The 1940 Act also provides that the amount of our voting securities that would result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants, as well as options and rights, at the time of issuance may not exceed 25% of our outstanding voting securities. In particular, the amount of capital stock that would result from the conversion or exercise of all outstanding warrants, options or rights to purchase capital stock cannot exceed 25% of the BDC’s total outstanding shares of capital stock.
Senior Securities; Coverage Ratio
We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness and one class of stock senior to our common stock if we meet certain asset coverage requirements. On April 27, 2018, we announced that our Board, including a “required majority” (as such term is defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act”) of the Board, approved a proposal to reduce our asset coverage requirement as set forth in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act, from 200% to 150%. Such change would have been effective April 27, 2019. However, on July 26, 2018, our stockholders approved a proposal to reduce our asset coverage requirement to 150%, effective July 27, 2018. In addition, we may not be permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on our outstanding common shares, or purchase any such shares, unless, at the time of such declaration or purchase, we have asset coverage of at least 150% after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution, or purchase price. We may also borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary purposes. For a discussion of the risks associated with the resulting leverage, see “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business And Structure - Because we borrow money, the potential for loss on amounts invested in us is magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us.”
As of December 31, 2021, we had an aggregate principal amount of senior securities outstanding of $479.5 million and our asset coverage ratio was 184%.
Issuance of Shares Below Current Net Asset Value
At a special meeting of shareholders held on August 3, 2021, our stockholders authorized us to issue common stock at a discount from our NAV per share, effective for a period expiring on the earlier of August 2, 2022, or the date of our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders. We have agreed to limit the number of shares that we issue at a price below NAV pursuant to this authorization so that the aggregate dilutive effect on our then outstanding shares will not exceed 20%. During the year
ended December 31, 2021, the Company did not sell any shares of common stock at a price below NAV per share.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain transactions by our personnel. Our code of ethics generally does not permit investments by our employees in securities that may be purchased or held by us. The code of ethics is published and available on the Company’s website at https://investor.newtekbusinessservices.com/corporate-governance is attached as an exhibit and is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at www.sec.gov. You may also obtain copies of the code of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Compliance Policies and Procedures
We have adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and prevent violation of the federal securities laws and are required to review these compliance policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation and designate a chief compliance officer to be responsible for administering the policies and procedures. Mr. Michael Schwartz currently serves as our Chief Compliance Officer.
Privacy Principles
We are committed to maintaining the privacy of our shareholders and to safeguarding their non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information we collect, how we protect that information and why, in certain cases, we may share information with select other parties.
Generally, we do not receive any non-public personal information relating to our shareholders, although certain non-public personal information of our shareholders may become available to us. We do not disclose any non-public personal information about our shareholders or former shareholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary in order to service shareholder accounts (for example, to a transfer agent).
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) imposes a wide variety of regulatory requirements on publicly-held companies and their insiders. Many of these requirements affect us. For example:
•pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer must certify the accuracy of the consolidated financial statements contained in our periodic reports;
•pursuant to Item 307 of Regulation S-K, our periodic reports must disclose our conclusions about the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures;
•pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act, our management must prepare a report regarding its assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting; and
•pursuant to Item 308 of Regulation S-K and Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act, our periodic reports must disclose whether there were significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires us to review our current policies and procedures to determine whether we comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. We will continue to monitor our compliance with all regulations that are adopted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and will take actions necessary to ensure that we are in compliance therewith.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
We vote proxies relating to our portfolio securities in a manner in which we believe is in the best interest of our stockholders. We review on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted to a stockholder vote to determine its impact on the portfolio securities held by us. Although we generally vote against proposals that may have a negative impact on our portfolio securities,
we may vote for such a proposal if there exists compelling long-term reasons to do so.
Our proxy voting decisions are made by our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee, which are responsible for monitoring each of our investments. To ensure that our vote is not the product of a conflict of interest, we require that: (i) anyone involved in the decision making process disclose to our chief compliance officer any potential conflict that he or she is aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote; and (ii) employees involved in the decision making process or vote administration are prohibited from revealing how we intend to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties.
Stockholders may obtain information regarding how we voted proxies with respect to our portfolio securities by making a written request for information to: Chief Compliance Officer, 1981 Marcus Avenue, Suite 130, Lake Success, NY 11042.
Other
We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the Exchange Act and the 1940 Act.
We are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect us against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to our stockholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
We are required to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws, review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation. We have designated Michael Schwartz to be our Chief Compliance Officer to be responsible for administering these policies and procedures.
Nasdaq Global Market Requirements
We have adopted certain policies and procedures intended to comply with the Nasdaq Global Market’s corporate governance rules. We will continue to monitor our compliance with all future listing standards that are approved by the SEC and will take actions necessary to ensure that we are in compliance therewith.
Regulation as a Small Business Lending Company
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, NSBF, is licensed by the SBA as an SBLC that originates loans through the SBA 7(a) Program. The SBA 7(a) Program is the SBA’s primary loan program. In order to operate as an SBLC, a licensee is required to maintain a minimum regulatory capital (as defined by SBA regulations) of the greater of (1) 10% of its outstanding loans receivable and other investments or (2) $1.0 million. In addition, a SBLC is subject to certain other regulatory restrictions.
The SBA generally reduces risks to lenders by guaranteeing major portions of qualified loans made to small businesses. This enables lenders to provide financing to small businesses when funding may otherwise be unavailable or not available on reasonable terms. Under the SBA 7(a) Program, the SBA typically guarantees 75% of qualified loans over $150,000. The eligibility requirements of the SBA 7(a) Program vary by the industry of the borrower and affiliates and other factors.
The SBA grants PLP status to certain lenders originating SBA 7(a) loans based on achievement of certain standards in lending which are regularly monitored by the SBA. NSBF has been granted national PLP status and originates, sells and services SBA 7(a) loans. As a Preferred Lender, NSBF is authorized to place SBA guarantees on SBA 7(a) loans without seeking prior SBA review and approval. Designated PLP lenders are delegated the authority to process, close, service, and liquidate most SBA guaranteed loans without prior SBA review. PLP lenders are authorized to make SBA guaranteed loans, subject only to a brief eligibility review and assignment of a loan number by SBA. In addition, they are expected to handle servicing and liquidation of all of their SBA loans with limited involvement of SBA. If NSBF were to lose PLP status, it would have a material adverse impact on NSBF’s ability to originate loans at current levels. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors - NSBF’s failure to maintain PLP status or maintain its SBA 7(a) license could adversely affect our results of operations.”
Among other things, SBLCs are required to: submit to the SBA for review a credit policy that demonstrates the SBLC’s compliance with the SBA Loan Program Requirements for origination, servicing and liquidation of 7(a) loans; submit to the SBA for review and approval annual validation, with supporting documentation and methodologies, demonstrating that any scoring model used by the SBLC is predictive of loan performance; obtain SBA approval for loan securitization and borrowings; and adopt and fully implement an internal control policy which provides adequate direction for effective control over and accountability for operations, programs, and resources.
Pursuant to the SBA’s regulations, the SBA is released from liability on its guaranty of a 7(a) loan and may, in its sole discretion, refuse to honor a guaranty purchase request in full or in part, or recover all or part of the funds already paid in connection with a guaranty purchase, if the lender failed to comply materially with a SBA Loan Program Requirement; failed to make, close, service or liquidate the loan in a prudent manner; placed the SBA at risk through improper action or inaction; failed to disclose a material fact to the SBA in a timely manner; or misrepresented a material fact to the SBA regarding the loan. In certain instances, the SBA may refuse to honor a guaranty purchase request in full (referred to by the SBA as a “denial”) or in part (referred to by the SBA as a “repair”), or recover all or part of the funds already paid in connection with a guaranty purchase. In the event of a repair or denial, liability on the guaranty, in whole or part, would be transferred to NSBF. In addition, the growth in the number of loans made by NSBF, changes in SBA regulations and economic factors may adversely impact our current repair and denial rates. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors - We have specific risks associated with SBA loans.”
In connection with NSBF’s 2018 examination by the SBA, NSBF entered into a voluntary agreement with the SBA pursuant to NSBF’s commitment to operate under the SBA Loan Program Requirements. The agreement formalized many of the actions previously taken by NSBF to strengthen its operational procedures as they relate to NSBF’s delegated lender authority. Consistent with the terms of the agreement, NSBF has established a segregated restricted cash account in the amount of $10 million to account for potential post-purchase repairs and denials of guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans, and agreed to take certain actions to demonstrate the sufficiency of NSBF’s liquidity and establish certain additional reporting and compliance procedures. We continue to assess and develop our policies and procedures to facilitate the successful implementation of our business, liquidity and operations.
The SBA restricts the ability of an SBLC to lend money to any of its officers, directors and employees or to invest in associates thereof. The SBA also prohibits, without prior SBA approval, a “change of control” of an SBLC. A “change of control” is any event which would result in the transfer of the power, direct or indirect, to direct the management and policies of a SBLC, whether through ownership, contractual arrangements or otherwise. SBLCs are periodically examined and audited by the SBA to determine compliance with SBA regulations.
Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
For any taxable year in which we:
•qualify as a RIC; and
•satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement,
We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of our income we distribute (or are deemed to distribute) to stockholders. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any income or capital gains not distributed (or deemed distributed) to our stockholders.
We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our net ordinary income for each calendar year, (2) 98.2% of our capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 in that calendar year and (3) any ordinary income and net capital gains that we recognized in preceding years, but were not distributed during such years, and on which we paid no corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (the “Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement”). We generally will endeavor in each taxable year to make sufficient distributions to our stockholders to avoid any U.S. federal excise tax on our earnings.
In order to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must, among other things:
•continue to qualify as a BDC under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year;
•derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of certain securities, gains from the sale of stock or other securities, net income from certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships,” or other income derived with respect to our business of investing in such stock or securities (the “90% Income Test”); and
•diversify our holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year:
•at least 50% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5% of the value of our assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer; and
•no more than 25% of the value of our assets is invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (the “Diversification Tests”).
Qualified earnings may exclude such income as management fees received in connection with our subsidiaries or other potential outside managed funds and certain other fees.
We may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive cash. For example, if we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with warrants), we must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as PIK interest, deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock, or certain income with respect to equity investments in foreign corporations. Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our stockholders in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, even though we will not have received any corresponding cash amount. The Company does not currently hold investments that have original issue discount.
Gain or loss realized by us from the sale or exchange of warrants acquired by us as well as any loss attributable to the lapse of such warrants generally will be treated as capital gain or loss. Such gain or loss generally will be long-term or short-term, depending on how long we held a particular warrant.
Although we do not presently expect to do so, we are authorized to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement and the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement. However, under the 1940 Act, we are not permitted to make distributions to our stockholders while our debt obligations and other senior securities are outstanding unless certain “asset coverage” tests are met. Moreover, our ability to dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements may be limited by (1) the illiquid nature of our portfolio and/or (2) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement, we may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous. If we are prohibited from making distributions or are unable to obtain cash from other sources to make the distributions, we may fail to qualify as a RIC, which would result in us becoming subject to corporate-level federal income tax.
In addition, we will be partially dependent on our subsidiaries for cash distributions to enable us to meet the RIC distribution requirements. Some of our subsidiaries may be limited by the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, and SBA regulations, from making certain distributions to us that may be necessary to maintain our status as a RIC. We may have to request a waiver of the SBA’s restrictions for our subsidiaries to make certain distributions to maintain our RIC status. We cannot assure you that the SBA will grant such waiver. If our subsidiaries are unable to obtain a waiver, compliance with the SBA regulations may cause us to fail to qualify as a RIC, which would result in us becoming subject to corporate-level federal income tax.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that we will qualify as a RIC and will have satisfied the Annual Distribution Requirement for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Any transactions in options, futures contracts, constructive sales, hedging, straddle, conversion or similar transactions, and forward contracts will be subject to special tax rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to us, defer losses, cause adjustments to the holding periods of our investments, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses or have other tax consequences. These rules could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to stockholders. We do not currently intend to engage in these types of transactions.
A RIC is limited in its ability to deduct expenses in excess of its “investment company taxable income” (which is, generally, ordinary income plus net realized short-term capital gains in excess of net realized long-term capital losses). If our expenses in a given year exceed gross taxable income (e.g., as the result of large amounts of equity-based compensation), we would experience a net operating loss for that year. However, a RIC is not permitted to carry forward net operating losses to subsequent years. In addition, expenses can be used only to offset investment company taxable income, not net capital gain.
Due to these limits on the deductibility of expenses, we may for tax purposes have aggregate taxable income for several years that we are required to distribute and that is taxable to our stockholders even if such income is greater than the aggregate net income we actually earned during those years. Such required distributions may be made from our cash assets or by liquidation of investments, if necessary. We may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event we realize net capital gains from such transactions, stockholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than in the absence of such transactions.
Investment income received from sources within foreign countries, or capital gains earned by investing in securities of foreign issuers, may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. In this regard, withholding tax rates in countries with which the United States does not have a tax treaty are often as high as 35% or more. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that may entitle us to a reduced rate of tax or exemption from tax on this related income and gains. The effective rate of foreign tax cannot be determined at this time since the amount of our assets to be invested within various countries is not now known. We do not anticipate being eligible for the special election that allows a RIC to treat foreign income taxes paid by such RIC as paid by its stockholders.
If we purchase shares in a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, we may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by us to our stockholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on us in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. If we invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code, or QEF, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, we will be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gain of the QEF, even if such income is not distributed to it. Alternatively, we can elect to mark-to-market at the end of each taxable year our shares in a PFIC; in this case, we will recognize as ordinary income any increase in the value of such shares and as ordinary loss any decrease in such value to the extent it does not exceed prior increases included in income. Under either election, we may be required to recognize in a year income in excess of our distributions from PFICs and our proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock during that year, and such income will nevertheless be subject to the Annual Distribution Requirement and will be taken into account for purposes of the 4% U.S. federal excise tax. We intend to limit and/or manage our holdings in PFICs to minimize our liability for any taxes and related interest charges.
Income inclusion from a QEF will be “good income” for purposes of the 90% Income Test provided that they are derived in connection with an investment in stocks and securities or the QEF distributes such income to us in the same taxable year to which the income is included in our income.
Foreign exchange gains and losses realized by us in connection with certain transactions involving non-dollar debt securities, certain foreign currency futures contracts, foreign currency option contracts, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Code provisions that generally treat such gains and losses as ordinary income and losses and may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to our stockholders. Any such transactions that are not directly related to our investment in securities (possibly including speculative currency positions or currency derivatives not used for hedging purposes) could, under future Treasury regulations, produce income not among the types of “qualifying income” from which a RIC must derive at least 90% of its annual gross income.
Failure to Qualify as a RIC
If we fail to satisfy the 90% Income Test or the Diversification Tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless continue to qualify as a RIC for such year if certain relief provisions are applicable (which may, among other things, require us to pay certain corporate-level federal taxes or to dispose of certain assets).
If we were unable to qualify for treatment as a RIC and the foregoing relief provisions are not applicable, we would be subject to tax on all of our taxable income at regular corporate rates, regardless of whether we make any distributions to our stockholders. Distributions would not be required, and any distributions would be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and, subject to certain limitations, may be eligible for the 20% maximum rate for non-corporate taxpayers provided certain holding period and other requirements were met. Subject to certain limitations under the Code, corporate distributees would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the stockholder’s tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. Generally, a non-taxable return of capital will reduce an investor’s basis in our stock for federal tax purposes, which will result in higher tax liability when the stock is sold. Stockholders should read any written disclosure accompanying a distribution carefully and should not assume that the source of any distribution is our ordinary income or gains. Certain written disclosure will present a calculation of return of capital on a tax accounting basis.
To requalify as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, we would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and dispose of any earnings and profits from any year in which we failed to qualify as a RIC. Subject to a limited exception applicable to RICs that qualified as such under Subchapter M of the Code for at least one year prior to disqualification and that requalify as a RIC no later than the second year following the non-qualifying year, we could be subject to tax on any unrealized net built-in gains in the assets held by us during the period in which we failed to qualify as a RIC that are recognized within the subsequent 5 years, unless we made a special election to pay corporate-level tax on such built-in gain at the time of our requalification as a RIC.
If the Company obtains the approvals of, among others, federal banking regulators and the SBA, and the Company’s shareholders to withdraw the Company’s election as a BDC under the 1940 Act, in order to complete the NBNYC acquisition, we anticipate that the Company will no longer qualify as a RIC beginning with the taxable year that the Company withdraws its BDC election. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Executive Summary” and “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Converting to a Financial Holding Company.”

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
The following is a summary of the risk factors that we believe are most relevant to our business. These are factors that, individually or in the aggregate, we think could cause our actual results to differ significantly from anticipated or historical results. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the value of our common stock could decline and shareholders may lose all or part of their investment. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider the following to be a complete discussion of all potential risks or uncertainties. We undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, unless required by law.
An investment in our securities involves risks. The following is a summary of the principal risks that you should carefully consider before investing in our securities.
Risks Related to Converting to a Financial Holding Company
•We operate in a highlight regulated environment, and if we are found to be in violation of any of the federal, state or local laws or regulations applicable to us, our business could suffer.
•We will become subject to extensive regulation and supervision upon becoming a financial holding company, which may adversely affect our business.
•If we withdraw the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC in the future, we will no longer be subject to regulation under the 1940 Act.
•Loss of pass-through tax treatment would substantially reduce net assets and income available for dividends.
Risks Related to the Economy
•Political, social and economic uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic creates and exacerbates risks.
•The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. economy and has disrupted financial activity in the areas in which we or our portfolio companies operate.
•Economic recessions could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
•Capital markets are currently experiencing disruption and instability and we cannot predict how long these conditions will continue. Such market conditions could materially and adversely affect debt and equity capital markets in the United States and abroad, which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•If we cannot obtain additional capital because of either regulatory or market price constraints, we could be forced to curtail or cease our new lending and investment activities, our net asset value could decrease and our level of distributions and liquidity could be affected adversely.
Risks Related to Our Business and Structure
•We are dependent upon our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee for our future success, and if we are unable to hire and retain qualified personnel or if we lose any member of our Senior Lending Team or our Executive Committee our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed.
•Our investment portfolio is recorded at fair value, with our Board having final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and approving, in good faith, its estimate of fair value and, as a result, there is uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments.
•Because we borrow money, the potential for loss on amounts invested in us is magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us.
•Any unrealized depreciation we experience in our portfolio may be an indication of a portfolio company’s inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to affected loans or a potential impairment of the value of affected equity investments. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income and gains available for distribution in future periods.
•If we are unable to source investments effectively, we may be unable to achieve our investment objective.
•Any failure on our part to maintain our status as a BDC would reduce our operating flexibility.
•We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results.
•Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
•Because we have received the approval of our stockholders, we are subject to 150% asset coverage beginning after July 26, 2018.
•We may not be able to pay distributions to our shareholders, our distributions may not grow over time and a portion of our distributions may be a return of capital.
Risk Related to SBA Lending
•NSBF, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is subject to regulation by the SBA, which has specific risks.
•We have specific risks associated with SBA loans.
Risks Related to U.S. Federal Income Tax
•We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to maintain our qualification as a RIC or are unable to make the distributions required to maintain RIC tax treatment.
•Because we intend to distribution substantially all of our income to our shareholders to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC, we will continue to need additional capital to finance our growth, and regulations governing our operations as a BDC will affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital and make distributions.
Risks Related to Our Investments Generally
•Our investments are very risky and highly speculative.
•We are subject to risks associated with the discontinuation of LIBOR, which will affect our cost of capital and results of operations.
•The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
•We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we may invest a significant portion of our assets in a relatively small number of issuers, which subjects us to a risk of significant loss if any of these issuers defaults on its obligations under any of its debt instruments or as a result of a downturn in the particular industry.
•Defaults by our portfolio companies will harm our operating results.
•Prepayments of our debt investments by our portfolio companies could adversely impact our results of operations and reduce our return on equity.
•If the assets securing the loans that we make decrease in value, then we may lack sufficient collateral to cover losses.
Risks Related to Our Securities
•Our common stock price may be volatile and may decrease substantially.
•Our shareholders may experience dilution upon repurchase of common shares.
•Stockholders may incur dilution if we sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings at prices below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock.
RISKS RELATED TO CONVERTING TO A FINANCIAL HOLDING COMPANY
We operate in a highly regulated environment, and if we are found to be in violation of any of the federal, state, or local laws or regulations applicable to us, our business could suffer.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, was enacted in 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act significantly changed federal financial services regulation and affects, among other things, the lending, deposit, investment, trading, and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies. In addition to the statutory requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act, the legislation also delegated authority to US banking, securities and derivatives regulators to impose additional restrictions through required rulemaking. The Dodd-Frank Act requires a company that owns an bank to serve as a “source of strength” to the institution. We believe that we have the ability to serve in the future as a source of strength to NBNYC, subject to the relevant Regulatory Approvals and required shareholder approval to withdraw our election as a BDC. A company that owns a bank is also subject to the Dodd-Frank Act “Volcker Rule.” We do not believe that the “Volcker Rule” materially impacts our operations as presently conducted.
For so long as we remain a BDC, the 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on our operations. For a discussion of those constraints. See “Item 1. Business - Regulation” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any failure to comply with the requirements imposed on BDCs by the 1940 Act, if applicable, could have material adverse consequences to us or our investors, including possible enforcement action by the SEC.
Other changes in the laws or regulations applicable to us more generally, may negatively impact the profitability of our business activities, require us to change certain of our business practices, materially affect our business model, limit the activities in which we may engage, affect retention of key personnel, require us to raise additional regulatory capital, increase the amount of liquid assets that we hold, otherwise affect our funding profile or expose us to additional costs (including increased compliance costs). Any such changes may also require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes and may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business as previously conducted or our results of operations or financial condition.
We are also subject to, and may become subject to, a wide range of federal, state, and local laws and regulations, such as local licensing requirements, and retail financing, debt collection, consumer protection, environmental, health and safety, creditor, wage-hour, anti-discrimination, whistleblower and other employment practices laws and regulations and we expect these costs to increase going forward. The violation of these or future requirements or laws and regulations could result in administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions against us, which may include fines, a cease and desist order against the subject operations or even revocation or suspension of our license to operate the subject business. As a result, we have incurred and may incur increased capital and operating expenditures and other costs to comply with these requirements and laws and regulations.
Changes in laws, regulations, or policies may adversely affect our business.
We are unable to predict all of the ways in which this change in the regulatory environment could impact our anticipated business models or objectives. The laws and regulations governing lending, servicing, and debt collection activities or the regulatory or enforcement environment at the federal level or in any of the states in which we anticipate operating may change at any time which may have an adverse effect on our current or anticipated business.
We are unable to predict how future legislative proposals or programs will be administered or implemented or in what form, or whether any additional or similar changes to statutes or regulations, including the interpretation or implementation thereof, will occur in the future. Any such action could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways and could have an adverse effect on our anticipated business operations.
Our inability to comply with regulatory requirements in a particular jurisdiction could have a material adverse effect on our anticipated operations in that market and on our reputation generally. No assurance can be given that applicable laws or regulations will not be amended or construed differently or that new laws and regulations will not be adopted, either of which could materially adversely affect our anticipated business.
We will become subject to extensive regulation and supervision upon becoming a financial holding company, which may adversely affect our business.
Upon becoming a financial holding company, we will become subject to a wide range of statutory and regulatory restrictions and requirements that will affect many aspects of our business, including our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth. We may be required to restructure, terminate or divest certain of our businesses to comply with applicable requirements, which may impose additional costs and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, policies or other regulatory guidance could result in civil or criminal sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil monetary penalties and damage to our reputation. In addition, we will be required to serve as a “source of strength” to NBNYC. A company that owns a bank is also subject to the Dodd-Frank Act “Volcker Rule.” We do not believe that the “Volcker Rule” materially impacts our operations as presently conducted.
Congress and federal regulatory agencies continually review banking laws, regulations, policies and other supervisory guidance for possible changes. Other changes in the laws or regulations that will be applicable to us as a financial holding company, including changes in the interpretation or implementation of those regulations or policies, may negatively impact the profitability of our business activities, require us to change certain of our business practices, materially affect our business model, limit the activities in which we may engage, affect retention of key personnel, require us to raise additional regulatory capital, increase the amount of liquid assets that we hold, otherwise affect our funding profile or expose us to additional costs (including increased compliance costs). Any such changes may also require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes and may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business as previously conducted or our results of operations or financial condition.
Federal law may discourage certain acquisitions of our common stock which could have a material adverse effect on our shareholders.
Federal law may make it more difficult for someone to acquire our common stock in certain circumstances. Under federal law and subject to certain exemptions, a person, entity or group must notify the federal banking agencies before acquiring control of a bank holding company. An acquisition of 10% or more of any class of voting stock of a bank holding company generally
creates a rebuttable presumption that the acquirer “controls” the bank holding company. In addition, a bank holding company must obtain the prior approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System before, among other things, acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5 percent of the voting shares of any bank, including NBNYC. If the transaction is consummated, investors will be responsible for ensuring that they do not, directly or indirectly, acquire shares of our common stock in excess of the amount which can be acquired without regulatory approval. These provisions could delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us, despite the possible benefit to our shareholders, or otherwise adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
If we withdraw the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC in the future, we will no longer be subject to regulation under the 1940 Act.
As part of our plan to reposition the Company as a bank holding company, we intend to ask our shareholders to approve the proposal to withdraw our election to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. If our shareholders approve the withdrawal of our BDC election, we will, effective upon receipt by the SEC of our application for withdrawal, no longer be regulated as a BDC and will no longer be subject to the regulatory provisions of the 1940 Act, which is designed to protect the interests of investors in investment companies, including certain laws and regulations related to insurance, custody, capital structure, composition of the Board of Directors, affiliated transactions, leverage limitations, and compensation arrangements.
The withdrawal of the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC would result in a significant change in our accounting and financial reporting requirements.
If the Company withdraws its election to be regulated as a BDC, the Company would no longer be subject to FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial Services - Investment Companies, which would result in a significant change in our accounting and financial reporting requirements. Our financial statements are currently presented and accounted for under the specialized method of accounting applicable to investment companies, which requires us to recognize our investments, including controlled investments, at fair value. As a BDC, we are currently precluded from consolidating any entity other than another investment company that acts as an extension of our investment operations and facilitates the execution of our investment strategy or an investment in a controlled operating company that provides substantially all of its services to us. Our financial statements currently consolidate the accounts of the Company and NSBF, and excludes other wholly-owned portfolio investments. Our financial statements reflect our investments at fair value, as determined in good faith by our Board of Directors. Certain of our portfolio companies’ financial statements are separately provided as significant unconsolidated wholly-owned subsidiaries. If the Company withdraws its election to be regulated as a BDC, the Company expects that it will be required to consolidate the financial statements of certain of its controlled or majority-owned portfolio investments together with those of the Company, which would be a significant change in our accounting and financial reporting requirements.
Our shareholders would no longer have the protections of the 1940 Act upon the withdrawal of the Company’s election to be regulated as a BDC.
If the Company ceases to operate as a BDC, our shareholders would no longer have the following protections of the 1940 Act:
•we would no longer be subject to the requirement under the 1940 Act that we maintain a ratio of assets to senior securities of at least 150%;
•we would no longer be subject to provisions of the 1940 Act prohibiting us from protecting any director or officer against any liability to the Company or our shareholders arising from willful malfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of that person’s office;
•we would no longer be required to provide and maintain an investment company blanket bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect us against larceny and embezzlement;
•while the majority of our directors would still be required to be “independent” under applicable NASDAQ regulations, we would no longer be required to ensure that a majority of our directors are persons who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and certain persons who would be prevented from serving on our Board of Directors if we were a BDC would be able to serve on our Board of Directors;
•we would no longer be subject to provisions of the 1940 Act regulating transactions between BDCs and certain affiliates;
•we would no longer be subject to provisions of the 1940 Act restricting our ability to issue shares below net asset value or in exchange for services or to issue warrants and options;
•we would no longer be required to disclose the Company’s net asset value per share in our financial statements;
•we would no longer be subject to provisions of the 1940 Act restricting our ability to change the nature of our business or fundamental investment policies without having to obtain the approval of our shareholders;
•we would no longer be subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act limiting our ability to grant stock based compensation to officers, directors and employees or to provide a profit sharing program for them; and
•we would no longer be subject to the other protective provisions set out in the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated under the 1940 Act.
In addition, we are very much affected by the legal, regulatory, tax and accounting regimes under which we operate. We periodically evaluate whether those regimes and our existing corporate structure are the optimum means for the operation and capitalization of our business. As a result of these evaluations, we may decide to proceed with structural and organizational changes (certain of which may require the approval of our shareholders), which could result in material dispositions of various assets, changes in our corporate form or other fundamental changes. We may incur certain costs in completing these evaluations and may receive no benefit from these expenditures, particularly if we do not proceed with any changes.
Loss of pass-through tax treatment would substantially reduce net assets and income available for dividends.
We have operated so as to qualify as a RIC. If we meet source of income, diversification and distribution requirements, we will qualify for effective pass-through tax treatment. Upon withdrawing our election to be regulated as a BDC, we would cease to qualify for such pass-through tax treatment. If we fail to qualify as a RIC, we will have to pay corporate-level taxes on all of our income whether or not we distribute it, which would substantially reduce the amount of income available for distribution to our shareholders, and all of our distributions will be taxed to our shareholders as ordinary corporate distributions. We anticipate that if the Company obtains the required regulatory approvals to complete the NBNYC acquisition, and the approval of the Company’s shareholders to withdraw the Company’s election as a BDC under the 1940 Act, the Company will no longer qualify as a RIC beginning with the taxable year that the Company withdraws its BDC election. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Executive Summary” and “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Converting to a Financial Holding Company.”
RISKS RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
Political, social and economic uncertainty, including uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, creates and exacerbates risks.
Social, political, economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, terrorism, conflicts and social unrest) will occur that create uncertainty and have significant impacts on issuers, industries, governments and other systems, including the financial markets, to which companies and their investments are exposed. As global systems, economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, events that once had only local impact are now more likely to have regional or even global effects. Events that occur in one country, region or financial market will, more frequently, adversely impact issuers in other countries, regions or markets, including in established markets such as the United States. These impacts can be exacerbated by failures of governments and societies to adequately respond to an emerging event or threat.
Uncertainty can result in or coincide with, among other things: increased volatility in the financial markets for securities, derivatives, loans, credit and currency; a decrease in the reliability of market prices and difficulty in valuing assets (including portfolio company assets); greater fluctuations in spreads on debt investments and currency exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private obligors and issuers); further social, economic, and political instability; nationalization of private enterprise; greater governmental involvement in the economy or in social factors that impact the economy; changes to governmental regulation and supervision of the loan, securities, derivatives and currency markets and market participants and decreased or revised monitoring of such markets by governments or self-regulatory organizations and reduced enforcement of regulations; limitations on the activities of investors in such markets; controls or restrictions on foreign investment, capital controls and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; the significant loss of liquidity and the inability to purchase, sell and otherwise fund investments or settle transactions (including, but not limited to, a market freeze); unavailability of currency hedging techniques; substantial, and in some periods extremely high rates of inflation, which can last many years and have substantial negative effects on credit and securities markets as well as the economy as a whole; recessions; and difficulties in obtaining and/or enforcing legal judgments.
For example, in December 2019, COVID-19 emerged in China and proceeded to spread rapidly to other countries, including the United States. See “-The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. economy and has disrupted financial activity in the areas in which we or our portfolio companies operate.”
General uncertainty surrounding the dangers and impact of COVID-19 (including the preventative measures taken in response thereto) and additional uncertainty regarding new variants of COVID-19, most notably the Delta and Omicron variants, has to date created significant disruption in supply chains and economic activity, contributed to labor difficulties and is having a particularly adverse impact on transportation, hospitality, tourism, entertainment and other industries, including industries in which certain of our portfolio companies operate which has in turn created significant business disruption issues for certain of our portfolio companies, and materially and adversely impacted the value and performance of certain of our portfolio
companies.
In addition, disruptions in the capital markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have increased the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Unfavorable economic conditions also would be expected to increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow and have a material negative impact on our and our prospective portfolio companies’ operating results and the fair values of our debt and equity investments.
The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing as of the date hereof, and its extended duration may have further adverse impacts on our portfolio companies, including for the reasons described herein.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. economy and has disrupted financial activity in the areas in which we or our portfolio companies operate.
As of the filing date of this Annual Report, the COVID-19 pandemic is continuing. This outbreak has led and for an unknown period of time will continue to lead to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies affected thereby. Many states, including those in which we and our portfolio companies operate, have issued orders requiring the closure of, or certain restrictions on the operation of, non-essential businesses and/or requiring residents to stay at home. The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictive measures taken to contain or mitigate its spread have caused, and are continuing to cause, business shutdowns, or the re-introduction of business shutdowns, cancellations of events and restrictions on travel, significant reductions in demand for certain goods and services, reductions in business activity and financial transactions, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability both globally and in the United States. Such effects will likely continue for the duration of the pandemic, which is uncertain, and for some period thereafter.
While several countries, as well as certain states, counties and cities in the United States, began to relax the early public health restrictions with a view to partially or fully reopening their economies, many cities world-wide have since experienced a surge in the reported number of cases, hospitalizations and deaths related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This recent increase in cases led to the re-introduction of restrictions and business shutdowns in certain states, counties and cities in the United States and globally and could continue to lead to the re-introduction of such restrictions and business shutdowns elsewhere. Beginning in December 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized certain vaccines for emergency use. However, it remains unclear how quickly the vaccines will be distributed or when “herd immunity” will be achieved and the restrictions that were imposed to slow the spread of the virus will be lifted entirely. Delays in distributing the vaccines or an actual or perceived failure to achieve “herd immunity” could lead people to continue to self-isolate and not participate in the economy at pre-pandemic levels for a prolonged period of time. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the U.S. economy and most other major global economies may continue to experience a recession, and our business and operations, as well as the business and operations of our portfolio companies, could be materially adversely affected by a prolonged recession in the U.S. and other major markets.
The impact of COVID-19 led to significant volatility and declines in the global public equity markets and it is uncertain how long this volatility will continue. As COVID-19 continues to spread, the potential impacts, including a global, regional or other economic recession, are increasingly uncertain and difficult to assess. Some economists and major investment banks have expressed concern that the continued spread of the virus globally could lead to a world-wide economic downturn, the impacts of which could last for some period after the pandemic is controlled and/or abated.
General uncertainty surrounding the dangers and impact of COVID-19 (including the preventative measures taken in response thereto and additional uncertainty regarding new variants of COVID-19 that have emerged) has to date created significant disruption in supply chains and economic activity and are having a particularly adverse impact on transportation, hospitality, tourism, entertainment and other industries, including industries in which certain of our portfolio companies operate which has in turn created significant business disruption issues for certain of our portfolio companies, and materially and adversely impacted the value and performance of certain of our portfolio companies.
The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing as of the filing date of this Annual Report, and its extended duration may have further adverse impacts on our portfolio companies after December 31, 2021, including for the reasons described herein.
Any public health emergency, including the COVID-19 pandemic or any outbreak of other existing or new epidemic diseases, or the threat thereof, and the resulting financial and economic market uncertainty could have a significant adverse impact on us and the fair value of our investments and our portfolio companies.
The extent of the impact of any public health emergency, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on our and our portfolio companies’ operational and financial performance will depend on many factors, including the duration and scope of such public health emergency, the actions taken by governmental authorities to contain its financial and economic impact, the extent of any related travel advisories and restrictions implemented, the impact of such public health emergency on overall supply and demand, goods and services, investor liquidity, consumer confidence and levels of economic activity and the extent of its disruption to important global, regional and local supply chains and economic markets, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. In addition, our and our portfolio companies’ operations may be significantly impacted, or even temporarily or permanently halted, as a result of government quarantine measures, voluntary and precautionary restrictions on travel or meetings and other factors related to a public health emergency, including its potential adverse impact on the health of any of our or our portfolio companies’ personnel. This could create widespread business continuity issues for us and our portfolio companies.
Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted and is likely to further adversely impact our operations and the operations of our borrowers, customers, portfolio companies and business partners. A number of factors impacting us or our borrowers, customers or business partners could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, including but not limited to:
•increases in loan delinquencies, losses and charge-offs;
•increases in borrowers seeking and being granted deferments of principal and interest payments, especially following the conclusion of the six months of payments made directly by the SBA under provisions of the CARES Act, which could negatively impact cash flow from net interest and servicing payments normally available to the Company, during the deferment period;
•collateral for loans, including real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;
•demand for our, and our portfolio companies’, business products and solutions may decline, making it difficult to grow or maintain our assets and income;
•net worth and liquidity of the guarantors on our loans may decline, which could cause loan losses to increase;
•our risk management policies and practices may be negatively impacted by among, other things, changes in the SBA 7(a) loan program, including changes to SBA rules, regulations and SBA standard operating procedures;
•cyber risk has increased as criminals have sought to take advantage of the changes of business practices necessitated by COVID-19.
These factors may also cause the valuation of our investments to differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize. Our valuations, and particularly valuations of private investments and private companies, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and are often based on estimates, comparisons and qualitative evaluations of private information. As a result, our valuations may not show the completed or continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting measures taken in response thereto. Any public health emergency, including the COVID-19 pandemic or any outbreak of other existing or new epidemic diseases, or the threat thereof, and the resulting financial and economic market uncertainty could have a significant adverse impact on us and the fair value of our investments and our portfolio companies.
As of the date of this Form 10-K, it is impossible to determine the scope of this outbreak, or any future outbreaks, how long any such outbreak, market disruption or uncertainties may last, the effect any governmental actions will have or the full potential impact on us and our portfolio companies. As the potential impact of COVID-19 is difficult to predict, the extent to which COVID-19 could negatively affect our and our portfolio companies’ operating results or the duration of any potential business or supply-chain disruption, is uncertain. Any potential impact to our results of operations will depend to a large extent on future developments and new information that could emerge regarding the duration and severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by authorities and other entities to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, all of which are beyond our control. These potential impacts, while uncertain, could adversely affect our and our portfolio companies’ operating results.
If the economy is unable to substantially reopen or remain reopened, and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, loan non-accruals, problem assets, and bankruptcies may increase. In addition, collateral for our loans may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase and the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors could decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us. An increase in loan delinquencies and non-accruals or a decrease in loan collateral and guarantor net worth could result in increased costs and reduced income which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Economic recessions or downturns, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
Many of our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay our debt
investments during these periods. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economic markets, and the prolonged economic impact is uncertain. In the past, instability in the global capital markets resulted in disruptions in liquidity in the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector, the re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated credit market and the failure of major domestic and international financial institutions. In particular, in past periods of instability, the financial services sector was negatively impacted by significant write-offs as the value of the assets held by financial firms declined, impairing their capital positions and abilities to lend and invest. In addition, continued uncertainty surrounding the impact of trade deals between Britain and the European Union following the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union and uncertainty between the United States and other countries, including China, with respect to trade policies, treaties, and tariffs, among other factors, have caused disruption in the global markets. There can be no assurance that market conditions will not worsen in the future.
In an economic downturn, we may have non-performing assets or non-performing assets may increase, and the value of our
portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions may also decrease the value of any collateral securing our loans. A severe recession may further decrease the value of such collateral and result in losses of value in our portfolio and a decrease in our revenues, net income, assets and net worth. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us on terms we deem acceptable. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
The occurrence of recessionary conditions and/or negative developments in the domestic and international credit markets may
significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the value of our investments, and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability. Any such unfavorable economic conditions, including rising interest rates, may also increase our funding costs, limit our access to capital markets or negatively impact our ability to obtain financing, particularly from the debt markets. In addition, any future financial market uncertainty could lead to financial market disruptions and could further impact our ability to obtain financing.
These events could limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow and negatively impact our operating results and
financial condition.
Global economic, political and market conditions may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our revenue growth and profitability.
Various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world (including wars and other forms of conflict, including rising trade tensions between the United States and China, and other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in the U.S. and foreign, trade, economic and other policies with other countries, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics), may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Specifically, the rising conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and resulting market volatility, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In response to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the U.S. and other countries have imposed sanctions or other restrictive actions against Russia. Any of the above factors, including sanctions, export controls, tariffs, trade wars and other governmental actions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline. These market and economic disruptions could also negatively impact the operating results of our portfolio companies.
Capital markets are currently experiencing disruption and instability and we cannot predict how long these conditions will continue. Such market conditions could materially and adversely affect debt and equity capital markets in the United States and abroad, which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a BDC, we must maintain our ability to raise additional capital for investment purposes. Without sufficient access to the capital markets or credit markets, we may be forced to curtail our business operations or we may not be able to pursue new business opportunities. The U.S. capital markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, as evidenced by the volatility in global stock markets as a result of, among other things, uncertainty surrounding the pandemic and the fluctuating price of commodities such as oil. Despite actions of the U.S. federal government and foreign governments, these events have contributed to unpredictable general economic conditions that are materially and adversely impacting the broader financial and credit markets and reducing the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole. These conditions could continue for a prolonged period of time or worsen in the future.
Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including the duration or reoccurrence of any potential business or supply chain disruption, the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken by governments and their citizens to contain the COVID-19 pandemic or treat its impact. As the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we could be subject to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations:
•Current market conditions may make it difficult to raise equity capital because, subject to some limited exceptions, as a BDC, we are generally not able to issue additional shares of our common stock at a price less than the NAV per share without first obtaining approval for such issuance from our stockholders and our independent directors. In addition, these market conditions may make it difficult to access or obtain new indebtedness with similar terms to our existing indebtedness.
•Significant changes or volatility in the capital markets may also have a negative effect on the valuations of our investments. While most of our investments are not publicly traded, applicable accounting standards require us to assume as part of our valuation process that our investments are sold in a principal market to market participants (even if we plan on holding an investment through its maturity).
•Significant changes in the capital markets may adversely affect the pace of our investment activity and economic activity generally.
•The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments to access capital if required, and as a result, we could realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments if we were required to sell them for liquidity purposes. An inability to raise or access capital, and any required sale of all or a portion of our investments as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The United Kingdom referendum decision to leave the European Union may create significant risks and uncertainty for global markets and our investments.
The decision made in the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union has led to volatility in global financial markets, and in particular in the markets of the United Kingdom and across Europe, and may also lead to weakening in consumer, corporate and financial confidence in the United Kingdom and Europe. Under the terms of the withdrawal agreement negotiated and agreed to between the United Kingdom and the European Union, the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union was followed by a transition period which ran until December 31, 2020 and during which the United Kingdom continued to apply European Union law and was treated for all material purposes as if it were still a member of the European Union. On December 24, 2020, the European Union and United Kingdom governments signed a trade deal (the “Trade Agreement”) that applied provisionally from January 1, 2021 until the end of April 2021, when the European Parliament approved the Trade Agreement, and that now governs the relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. The Trade Agreement implements significant regulation around trade, transport of goods and travel restrictions between the United Kingdom and the European Union.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the United Kingdom and the European Union are unclear at this stage and are likely to lead to ongoing political and economic uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the United Kingdom and in wider European markets for some time. In particular, the decision made in the United Kingdom referendum may lead to a call for similar referenda in other European jurisdictions which may cause increased economic volatility and uncertainty in the European and global markets. This volatility and uncertainty may have an adverse effect on the economy generally and on our ability, and the ability of our portfolio companies, to execute our respective strategies and to receive attractive returns.
In particular, currency volatility may mean that our returns and the returns of our portfolio companies will be adversely affected by market movements and may make it more difficult, or more expensive, for us to implement appropriate currency hedging. Potential declines in the value of the British Pound and/or the euro against other currencies, along with the potential downgrading of the United Kingdom’s sovereign credit rating, may also have an impact on the performance of any of our portfolio companies located in the United Kingdom or Europe.
A failure or the perceived risk of a failure to raise the statutory debt limit of the U.S. could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the United States. Although U.S. lawmakers passed legislation to raise the federal debt ceiling on multiple occasions, including the most recent increase in December 2021, ratings agencies have lowered or threatened to lower the long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States.
The impact of this or any further downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. Absent further quantitative easing by the Federal Reserve, these developments could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we cannot obtain additional capital because of either regulatory or market price constraints, we could be forced to curtail or cease our new lending and investment activities, our net asset value could decrease and our level of distributions and liquidity could be affected adversely.
Our ability to secure additional financing and satisfy our financial obligations under indebtedness outstanding from time to time will depend upon our future operating performance, which is subject to the prevailing general economic and credit market conditions, including interest rate levels and the availability of credit generally, and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. The prolonged continuation or worsening of current economic and capital market conditions could have a material adverse effect on our ability to secure financing on favorable terms, if at all.
If we are unable to obtain additional debt capital, then our equity investors will not benefit from the potential for increased returns on equity resulting from leverage to the extent that our investment strategy is successful and we may be limited in our ability to make new commitments or fundings to our portfolio companies.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE
We are dependent upon our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee for our future success, and if we are unable to hire and retain qualified personnel or if we lose any member of our Senior Lending Team or our Executive Committee our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed.
We depend on our Senior Lending Team and Executive Committee as well as other key personnel for the identification, final selection, structuring, closing and monitoring of our investments. These executive officers and employees have critical industry experience and relationships that we rely on to implement our business plan. Our future success depends on the continued service of our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee and the replacement of any departing individuals with others of comparable skills and experience. The departure of any of the members of our Senior Lending Team, our Executive Committee or a significant number of our senior personnel could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective. As a result, we may not be able to operate our business as we expect, and our ability to compete could be harmed, which could cause our operating results to suffer.
Our financial condition and results of operations will depend on our ability to manage and deploy capital effectively.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective will depend on our ability to manage and deploy capital, which will depend, in turn, on our management’s ability to identify, evaluate and monitor, and our ability to finance and invest in, companies that meet our investment criteria.
Accomplishing our investment objective on a cost-effective basis will largely be a function of our management’s handling of the investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services and our access to investments offering acceptable terms. In addition to monitoring the performance of our existing investments, our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee is called upon, from time to time, to provide managerial assistance to some of our portfolio companies.
These demands on their time may distract them or slow the rate of investment. Even if we are able to grow and build upon our investment operations, any failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The results of our operations will depend on many factors, including the availability of opportunities for investment, readily accessible short and long-term funding alternatives in the financial markets and economic conditions. Furthermore, if we cannot successfully operate our business or implement our investment policies and strategies as described herein, it could negatively impact our ability to pay dividends.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, which could reduce returns and result in losses.
We compete for investments with other financial institutions and various SMB lenders, as well as other sources of funding. Additionally, competition for investment opportunities has emerged among alternative investment vehicles, such as CLOs, some of which are sponsored by other alternative asset investors, as these entities have begun to focus on making investments in SMBs. As a result of these new entrants, competition for our investment opportunities may intensify. Many of our competitors will be substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than us. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that will not be available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than we will have. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we will be able to offer. We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. If we are forced to match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on our investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. Furthermore, many of our competitors will have greater experience operating under, or will not be subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act will impose on us as a BDC, or the source-of-income, asset diversification, and distribution requirements we must satisfy to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC.
If we are unable to source investments effectively, we may be unable to achieve our investment objective.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on our Senior Lending Team’s and our Executive Committee’s ability to identify, evaluate and invest in suitable companies that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of our marketing capabilities, our management of the investment process, our ability to provide efficient services and our access to financing sources on acceptable terms. In addition to monitoring the performance of our existing investments, members of our Senior Lending Team, our Executive Committee and our other investment professionals may also be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. These demands on their time may distract them or slow the rate of investment. To grow, we need to continue to hire, train, supervise and manage new employees and to implement computer and other systems capable of effectively accommodating our growth. However, we cannot provide assurance that any such employees will contribute to the success of our business or that we will implement such systems effectively. Failure to manage our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business model depends to a significant extent upon strong referral relationships, and our inability to maintain or further develop these relationships, as well as the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business.
We expect that members of our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee will maintain their relationships with intermediaries, financial institutions, investment bankers, commercial bankers, financial advisors, attorneys, accountants, consultants, alliance partners, and other individuals within their networks, and we will rely, to a significant extent, upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee fail to maintain its existing relationships or develop new relationships with sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom members of our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
Our investment portfolio is recorded at fair value, with our Board having final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and approving, in good faith, its estimate of fair value and, as a result, there is uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments.
Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined by us, with our Board having final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and approving, in good faith, our estimate of fair value. Typically, there is not a public market for the securities of the privately held companies in which we invest. As a result, we value these securities annually and quarterly at fair value based on various inputs, including management, third-party valuation firms and our audit committee, and with the oversight, review and approval of our Board.
The determination of fair value and consequently, the amount of unrealized gains and losses in our portfolio, are to a certain degree, subjective and dependent on a valuation process approved by our Board. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of our investments include external events, such as private mergers, sales and acquisitions involving comparable companies. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, they may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates. Our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these securities existed. Due to this uncertainty, our fair value determinations may cause our net asset value on a given date to materially understate or overstate the value that we may ultimately realize on one or more of our investments. As a result, investors purchasing our common stock based on an overstated net asset value would pay a higher price than the value of our investments might warrant. Conversely, investors selling stock during a period in which the net asset value understates the value of our investments will receive a lower price for their stock than the value of our investments might warrant.
Any unrealized depreciation we experience in our portfolio may be an indication of a portfolio company’s inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to affected loans or a potential impairment of the value of affected equity investments. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income and gains available for distribution in future periods.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at the fair value as determined in good faith by our Board. Decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments will be recorded as unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized depreciation in our portfolio could be an indication of a portfolio company's inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to affected loans or a potential impairment of the value of affected equity investments. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income and gains available for distribution in future periods.
Because we borrow money, the potential for loss on amounts invested in us is magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us.
Borrowings, also known as leverage, magnify the potential for loss on investments in our indebtedness and on invested equity capital. As we use leverage to partially finance our investments, investors will experience increased risks of investing in our securities. If the value of our assets increases, then leveraging would cause the net asset value attributable to our common stock to increase more sharply than it would have had we not leveraged. Conversely, if the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged our business. Similarly, any increase in our income in excess of interest payable on the borrowed funds would cause our net investment income to increase more than it would without the leverage, while any decrease in our income would cause net investment income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to pay common stock dividends, scheduled debt payments or other payments related to our securities. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique.
Illustration: The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our common stock assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below:
Assumed Return on Our Portfolio1
(net of expenses)
(10)% (5)% 0% 5% 10%
Corresponding net return to shareholders2
(30.18)% (17.10)% (4.02)% 9.06% 22.14%
(1) Assumes $1,056.6 million in total assets, $479.4 million in debt outstanding, $403.9 million in net assets as of December 31, 2021, and an average cost of funds of 3.38%. Actual interest payments may be different.
(2) In order for us to cover our annual interest payments on indebtedness, we must achieve annual returns on our December 31, 2021 total assets of at least 1.54%.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective may depend in part on our ability to access additional leverage on favorable terms, and there can be no assurance that such additional leverage can in fact be achieved.
To the extent we borrow money to finance our investments, changes in interest rates will affect our cost of capital and net investment income.
To the extent we borrow money to finance investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in the event we borrow money to finance our investments. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income. We expect that our long-term fixed-rate investments will be financed primarily with equity and/or long-term debt. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Such techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If we do not implement these techniques properly, we could experience losses on our hedging positions, which could be material. In addition, depending on the frequency and magnitude of rising interest rates, these interest rate increases could negatively impact premiums received on the sale of guaranteed SBA loans, and further, could increase prepayment speeds on outstanding SBA loans, potentially negatively impacting the Company’s financial results.
Because we have received the approval of our shareholders, we are subject to 150% asset coverage beginning after July 26, 2018.
At the Company’s Special Meeting of Shareholders, held on July 26, 2018, its shareholders approved, among other things, the reduction of the Company’s asset coverage requirements for senior securities from 200% to 150%, effective July 27, 2018. As a result, we are able to increase our leverage up to an amount that reduces our asset coverage ratio from 200% to 150% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 66 2/3% of the value of our assets) beginning on July 27, 2018, assuming that additional borrowings are available. As of December 31, 2021, we had aggregate principal amount of senior securities outstanding of $479,451,000, and our asset coverage was 184%.
Leverage magnifies the potential for loss on investments in our indebtedness and on invested equity capital. As we use leverage to partially finance our investments, investors will experience increased risks of investing in our securities. If the value of our assets increases, then the additional leverage would cause the net asset value attributable to our common stock to increase more sharply than it would have had we not increased our leverage. Conversely, if the value of our assets decreases, the additional leverage would cause net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not increased our leverage. Similarly, any increase in our income in excess of interest payable on the borrowed funds would cause our net investment income to increase more than it would without the additional leverage, while any decrease in our income would cause net investment income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not increased our leverage. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to pay common stock dividends, scheduled debt payments or other payments related to our securities. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique.
In addition, the ability of BDCs to increase their leverage will increase the capital available to BDCs and thus competition for the investments that we seek to make. This may negatively impact pricing on the investments that we do make and adversely affect our net investment income and results of operations.
Any failure on our part to maintain our status as a BDC could reduce our operating flexibility.
We have elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs. For example, BDCs are required to invest at least 70% of their gross assets in specified types of securities, primarily in private companies or thinly-traded U.S. public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. Furthermore, any failure to comply with the requirements imposed on BDCs by the 1940 Act could cause the SEC to bring an enforcement action against us and/or expose us to claims of private litigants. In addition, upon approval of a majority of our shareholders, we may elect to withdraw our status as a BDC. If we decide to withdraw our election, or if we otherwise fail to maintain our qualification, as a BDC, we may be subject to the substantially greater regulation under the 1940 Act as a closed-end investment company. Compliance with such regulations could significantly decrease our operating flexibility, and could significantly increase our costs of doing business For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Executive Summary” and “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Converting to a Financial Holding Company.”
Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to raise additional capital and the way in which we do so. As a BDC, the necessity of raising additional capital may expose us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage.
We may issue debt securities or preferred stock and/or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, and pursuant to the approval that we received from our shareholders on July 26, 2018, we are permitted, as a BDC, to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage ratio, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% of gross assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, after each issuance of senior securities. See “Regulation.” If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous. Also, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness would not be available for distributions to our common shareholders. Continuing to expand our debt financing activities in SBA 7(a) loans, SBA 504 loans and conventional loans will require us to raise additional capital. The failure to continue to generate such loans on a consistent basis could have a material impact on our results of operations, and accordingly, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
We generally may not issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. However, at an August 3, 2021 special meeting of shareholders, our shareholders authorized us to sell shares of our common stock (during the following 12 months or until our 2022 annual meeting of shareholders) at a price below its then current net asset value per share subject to certain conditions (including that the cumulative number of shares sold does not exceed 20% of its then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale). We also may sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the then-current net asset value per share of our common stock if our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests and in the best interests of our shareholders, and our shareholders approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). If we raise additional funds by issuing more common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, then the percentage ownership of our shareholders at that time will decrease, and shareholders may experience dilution.
We may not be able to pay distributions to our shareholders, our distributions may not grow over time and a portion of our distributions may be a return of capital.
We intend to pay distributions to our shareholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure investors that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. Our ability to pay distributions might be adversely affected by, among other things, the impact of one or more of the risk factors described in this annual report. In addition, the inability to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC can limit our ability to pay distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of our Board and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our RIC tax treatment, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure investors that we will pay distributions to our shareholders in the future.
When we make distributions, we will be required to determine the extent to which such distributions are paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of an investor’s basis in our stock and, assuming that an investor holds our stock as a capital asset, thereafter as a capital gain. Generally, a non-taxable return of capital will reduce an investor’s basis in our stock for federal tax purposes, which will result in higher tax liability when the stock is sold. Stockholders should read any written disclosure accompanying a distribution carefully and should not assume that the source of any distribution is our ordinary income or gains.
Our Board may change our investment objective, operating policies and strategies without prior notice or shareholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse.
Although we must obtain shareholder approval to cease to be, or withdraw our election as, a BDC, our Board has the authority to modify or waive our investment objective, current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies without prior notice and without shareholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies would have on our business, net asset value, operating results and value of our stock. However, the effects might be adverse, which could negatively impact our ability to make distributions and cause shareholders to lose all or part of their investment.
Internal control deficiencies could impact the accuracy of our financial results or prevent the detection of fraud. As a result, shareholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.
Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Any failure by us to identify future deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner or remediate any such deficiencies, could prevent us from accurately and timely reporting our financial results. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.
We are required to disclose changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis and our management is required to assess the effectiveness of these controls annually. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation. In the event that we are unable to maintain or achieve compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.
Our business is subject to increasingly complex corporate governance, public disclosure and accounting requirements that are costly and could adversely affect our business and financial results.
We are subject to changing rules and regulations of federal and state government as well as the stock exchange on which our common stock is listed. These entities, including the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the SEC and the Nasdaq Global Market, have issued a significant number of new and increasingly complex requirements and regulations over the course of the last several years and continue to develop additional regulations and requirements in response to laws enacted by Congress. Our efforts to comply with existing requirements, or any revised or amended requirements, have resulted in, and may continue to result in, an increase in expenses and a diversion of management’s time from other business activities.
In addition, our failure to keep pace with any such rules, or for our management to appropriately address compliance with such rules fully and in a timely manner, exposes us to an increasing risk of inadvertent non-compliance. While our management team takes reasonable efforts to ensure that we are in full compliance with all laws applicable to its operations, the increasing rate and extent of regulatory change increases the risk of a failure to comply, which may result in our ability to operate our business in the ordinary course or may subject us to potential fines, regulatory findings or other matters that may materially impact our business.
Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
We and our portfolio companies are subject to applicable local, state and federal laws and regulations, including, without limitation, federal immigration laws and regulations. New legislation may be enacted or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, including those governing the types of investments we are permitted to make, any of which could harm us and our shareholders, potentially with retroactive effect. Additionally, any changes to the laws and regulations governing our operations relating to permitted investments may cause us to alter our investment strategy in order to avail ourselves of new or different opportunities. Such changes could result in material differences to the strategies and plans set forth herein and may result in our investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee to other types of investments in which our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee may have less expertise or little or no experience. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO SBA LENDING
NSBF, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is subject to regulation by the SBA, which has specific risks.
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, NSBF, is licensed by the SBA as an SBLC. In order to operate as an SBLC, a licensee is required to maintain a minimum regulatory capital (as defined by SBA regulations) of the greater of (1) 10% of its outstanding loans receivable and other investments or (2) $1.0 million. Moreover, before consenting to a securitization, NSBF and other securitizers must, among other things, be considered well capitalized by the SBA. For NSBF and other SBLC securitizers, the SBA will consider it well capitalized if it maintains a minimum unencumbered paid in capital and paid in surplus equal to at least 10% of its assets, excluding the guaranteed portion of 7(a) loans. In addition, an SBLC is subject to certain other regulatory restrictions. Among other things, SBLCs are required to: establish, adopt, and maintain a formal written capital plan; submit to the SBA for review a credit policy that demonstrates the SBLC’s compliance with the applicable regulations and the SBA’s Standard Operating Procedures for origination, servicing and liquidation of 7(a) loans; submit to the SBA for review and approval annual validation, with supporting documentation and methodologies, demonstrating that any scoring model used by the SBLC is predictive of loan performance; obtain SBA approval for loan securitization and borrowings; and adopt and fully implement an internal control policy which provides adequate direction for effective control over and accountability for operations, programs, and resources.
Additionally, in connection with our 2018 examination by the SBA, NSBF entered into a voluntary agreement with the SBA to meet certain other requirements and conditions. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors - If NSBF fails to comply with SBA regulations in connection with the origination, servicing, or liquidation of an SBA 7(a) loan, liability on the SBA guaranty, in whole or in part, could be transferred to NSBF.”
We have specific risks associated with SBA loans.
We have generally sold the guaranteed portion of SBA loans in the secondary market. Such sales have resulted in our earning premiums and creating a stream of servicing income. Sale prices for guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans can be negatively impacted by market conditions, in particular a higher interest rate environment, which can lead to higher prepayments during the period, resulting in lower sale prices in the secondary market. A reduction in the price of guaranteed SBA 7(a) loans could negatively impact our business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue originating these loans, or that a secondary market will exist for, or that we will continue to realize premiums upon the sale of the guaranteed portions of the SBA 7(a) loans.
If NSBF fails to comply with SBA regulations in connection with the origination, servicing, or liquidation of an SBA 7(a) loan, liability on the SBA guaranty, in whole or part, could be transferred to NSBF.
Since we sell the guaranteed portion of substantially all of our SBA 7(a) loan portfolio, we retain credit risk on the non-guaranteed portion of the SBA loans. We share pro rata with the SBA in any recoveries. In the event of default on an SBA loan, our pursuit of remedies against a borrower is subject to SBA approval.
If we fail to comply with certain of the SBA’s regulations in connection with the origination, servicing, or liquidation of an SBA 7(a) loan, the SBA may be released from liability on its guaranty of a 7(a) loan, and may refuse to honor a guaranty purchase request in full (referred to by SBA as a “denial”) or in part (referred to by SBA as a “repair”), or recover all or part of the funds already paid in connection with a guaranty purchase. In the event of a repair or denial, liability on the guaranty, in whole or part, would be transferred to NSBF. In addition, the growth in the number of loans made by NSBF, changes in SBA regulations and economic factors may adversely impact our current repair and denial rate. In connection with NSBF’s 2018 examination by the SBA, NSBF entered into a voluntary agreement with the SBA. We have adopted the agreement pursuant to our commitment to operate under the SBA’s Loan Program Requirements and the agreement formalizes many of the actions NSBF had previously taken to strengthen its operational procedures as they relate to NSBF’s delegated lender authority. Consistent with the terms of the agreement, NSBF established a segregated restricted cash account in the amount of $10 million to account for potential post-purchase repairs and denials of guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans, and take certain actions to demonstrate the sufficiency of NSBF’s liquidity and establish certain additional reporting and compliance procedures. We continue to assess and develop our policies and procedures to facilitate the successful implementation of our business, liquidity and operations.
Curtailment of the government-guaranteed loan programs could adversely affect our results of operations.
Although the SBA 7(a) Program has been in existence since 1953, there can be no assurance that the federal government will maintain the SBA 7(a) program, or that it will continue to guarantee loans at current levels. Furthermore, in an effort to support
our communities during the pandemic, we participated in the PPP under the CARES Act whereby we made loans to small businesses and those loans are subject to the regulatory requirements that require forbearance of loan payments for a specified time or limit our ability to pursue all available remedies in the event of a loan default. If the borrower under the PPP loan fails to qualify for loan forgiveness, we may be at the heightened risk of holding these loans at unfavorable interest rates as compared to the loans to customers that we would have otherwise extended credit. If we cannot continue originating and selling government-guaranteed loans, we will generate fewer origination fees and our ability to generate gains on the sale of loans will decrease. From time-to-time, the government agencies that guarantee these loans reach their internal budgeted limits and cease to guarantee loans for a stated time period. In addition, these agencies may change their rules for extending loans. Also, Congress may adopt legislation that would have the effect of discontinuing or changing the SBA’s programs. Non-governmental programs could replace government programs for some borrowers, but the terms might not be equally acceptable. If these changes occur, the volume of loans to SMBs and industrial borrowers of the types that now qualify for government-guaranteed loans could decline, as could the profitability of these loans.
Curtailment of our ability to utilize the SBA 7(a) Loan Program by the Federal government would adversely affect our results of operations.
We are dependent upon the federal government to maintain the SBA 7(a) program. There can be no assurance that the SBA 7(a) program will be maintained or that loans will continue to be guaranteed at current levels. From time-to-time the SBA has reached its internal budgeted limits and ceased to guarantee loans for a stated period of time. In addition, the SBA may change its rules regarding loans or Congress may adopt legislation or fail to approve a budget that would have the effect of discontinuing, reducing availability of funds for, or changing loan programs. Non-governmental programs could replace government programs for some borrowers, but the terms might not be equally acceptable. If these changes occur, the volume of loans to small businesses that now qualify for government guaranteed loans could decline, as could the profitability of these loans.
NSBF’s failure to maintain PLP status or maintain its SBA 7(a) license would adversely affect our results of operations.
NSBF has been granted PLP status and originates, sells and services small business loans and is authorized to place SBA guarantees on loans without seeking prior SBA review and approval. Being a national lender, PLP status allows NSBF to expedite loans since NSBF is not required to present applications to the SBA for concurrent review and approval. The loss of PLP status would adversely impact our marketing efforts and ultimately loan origination volume which would negatively impact our results of operations.
There can be no assurance that NSBF will be able to maintain its status as a PLP or that NSBF can maintain its SBA 7(a) license. If NSBF cannot continue originating and selling government guaranteed loans at current levels, we would experience a decrease in future servicing spreads and earned premiums and negatively impact our results of operations.
Our loans under the Section 7(a) Loan Program involve a high risk of default and such default could adversely impact our results of operations.
Loans to small businesses involve a high risk of default. Such loans are generally not rated by any statistical rating organization. Small businesses usually have smaller product lines and market shares than larger companies and therefore may be more vulnerable to competition and general economic conditions. These businesses’ success typically depends on their management talents and efforts of one person or a small group of persons whose death, disability or resignation would adversely affect the business. Because these businesses frequently have highly leveraged capital structures, reduced cash flow resulting from economic downturns can severely impact the businesses’ ability to meet their obligations, which could impact our results of operations. The portions of Section 7(a) loans to be retained by us do not benefit directly from any SBA guarantees; in an event of default, however, we and the SBA typically cooperate in collateral foreclosure or other work-out efforts and share in any resulting collections.
The loans we make under the Section 7(a) Loan Program face competition.
There are several other non-bank lenders as well as a large number of banks that participate in the SBA Section 7(a) Loan Program. All of these participants compete for the business of eligible borrowers. In addition, pursuant to the 1940 Act, the Company is limited as to the amount of indebtedness it may have. Accordingly, we may be at a competitive disadvantage with regard to other lenders or financial institutions that may be able to achieve greater leverage at a lower cost and are not subject to SBA regulations.
A governmental failure to fund the SBA could adversely affect NSBF’s SBA 7(a) loan originations and our results of operations.
We are dependent upon the Federal government to maintain the SBA 7(a) Program. NSBF’s lending business could be materially and adversely affected by circumstances or events limiting the availability of funds for this program. In October 2013, Congress failed to approve a budget, which, in turn, eliminated availability of funds for the SBA 7(a) program. At the time, the government shutdown affected SBA 7(a) lenders’ ability to originate SBA 7(a) loans. More recently, the government shut down in January 2018 due to a lapse in appropriations, and the SBA closed all non-disaster related programs and activities, including the SBA 7(a) program. The government could again fail to fund the SBA which would affect NSBF’s ability to originate government guaranteed loans and to sell the government guaranteed portions of those loans in the secondary market. Any failure to fund the SBA could adversely affect NSBF’s SBA 7(a) loan originations and our results of operations.
A government shutdown could adversely affect NSBF’s SBA 7(a) loan originations and our results of operations.
We are dependent upon the Federal government to maintain the SBA 7(a) program. NSBF’s lending business could be materially and adversely affected by circumstances or events limiting the availability of funds for this program. In October 2013, Congress failed to approve a budget, which, in turn, eliminated availability of funds for the SBA 7(a) program. At the time, the government shutdown affected SBA 7(a) lenders’ ability to originate SBA 7(a) loans. More recently, the partial government shut down in December 2018 until January 2019, the longest standing partial shutdown in history, resulted in a halt to the SBA 7(a) program. The government could again experience a government shutdown which would affect NSBF’s ability to originate government guaranteed loans and to sell the government guaranteed portions of those loans in the secondary market. Any government shutdown could adversely affect NSBF’s SBA 7(a) loan originations and our results of operations.
As a participating lender in the SBA Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), the Company and NSBF are subject to additional credit risks and risks of litigation from NSBF’s customers or other parties regarding NSBF’s processing of loans for the PPP and risks that the SBA may not fund some or all PPP loan guaranties.
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the CARES Act, which included a $349 billion loan program administered through the SBA referred to as the PPP. Under the PPP, small businesses and other entities and individuals can apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. On or about April 16, 2020, the SBA notified lenders that the $349 billion earmarked for the PPP was exhausted. Congress approved additional funding for the PPP of approximately $320 billion on April 24, 2020. NSBF is participating as a lender in the PPP. The PPP opened on April 3, 2020; however, because of the short timeframe between the passing of the CARES Act and the opening of the PPP, there has been some ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP, which may expose the Company and NSBF to risks relating to noncompliance with the PPP. During the duration of the PPP, NSBF funded approximately 10,570 PPP loans totaling $1.19 billion. Since the opening of the PPP, several large banks participating in the PPP have been subject to litigation regarding the process and procedures that such banks have used in processing applications for the PPP. The Company and NSBF may be exposed to the risk of litigation, from both customers and non-customers that approached the Company and NSBF regarding PPP loans, regarding its process and procedures used in processing applications for the PPP. If any such litigation is filed against the Company or NSBF and is not resolved in a manner favorable to the Company or NSBF, it may result in significant financial liability or adversely affect the Company’s or NSBF’s reputation. In addition, litigation can be costly, regardless of outcome. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by PPP related litigation could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
NSBF also has credit risk on PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which a PPP loan was originated, funded, or serviced by NSBF, such as an issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a PPP loan, which may or may not be related to the ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP or additional or new laws, rules, and guidance. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which the PPP loan was originated, funded, or serviced by NSBF, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from the Company.
In addition, in order to facilitate NSBF’s involvement as an authorized lender in the PPP, during the second quarter of 2020, NSBF entered into PPP loan participation agreements where NSBF originated PPP loans and sold participating interests to four banks. See “PPP Loan Participations.” In accordance with the terms of the PPP participation agreements and SBA regulations and guidance, NSBF, as the originating lender, must continue to hold the PPP loan note, the PPP loan documents and service the PPP loan (i.e., retain all servicing rights). Moreover, as the originating lender, NSBF is the party responsible to the SBA with respect to all servicing actions, including requests for advance purchases and loan forgiveness, and will be the party
eligible for the guarantee purchase of the PPP loan. NSBF has agreed that it will repurchase from the Participants on demand the Participants’ Percentage of any outstanding principal and interest under the applicable PPP Loan under certain standard representations and warranties, including in the event of a loss due to fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of NSBF or any failure to recover under the SBA guarantee as a result of any deficiency in documenting or servicing such PPP Loan by NSBF.
We could be adversely affected by weakness in the residential housing and commercial real estate markets.
Weakness in residential home and commercial real estate values could impair our ability to collect on defaulted SBA loans as real estate is pledged in many of our SBA loans as part of the collateral package.
RISKS RELATED TO U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX
We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to maintain our treatment as a RIC or are unable to make the distributions required to maintain RIC tax treatment.
Although we have elected to be treated as a RIC, no assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC in the future. To maintain our tax treatment as a RIC, we must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification, and distribution requirements.
The income source requirement will be satisfied if we obtain at least 90% of our income for each year from dividends, interest, gains from the sale of stock or securities or similar sources.
The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. Failure to meet those requirements may result in our having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of our qualification as a RIC. Because most of our investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses. The Annual Distribution Requirement for a RIC will be satisfied if we distribute to our shareholders on an annual basis at least 90% of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of our net long-term capital losses, if any. Because we use debt financing, we are subject to certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the 1940 Act and financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC.
If we fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment for any reason and remain or become subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions.
We cannot predict how new tax legislation will affect us, our investments, or our stockholders, and any such legislation could adversely affect our business.
Legislative or other actions relating to taxes could have a negative effect on us. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. The current U.S. presidential administration has proposed significant changes to the existing U.S. tax rules, and there are a number of proposals in Congress that would similarly modify the existing U.S. tax rules. The likelihood of any such legislation being enacted is uncertain, but new legislation and any U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting such legislation could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to us and our stockholders of such qualification, or could have other adverse consequences. Stockholders are urged to consult with their tax advisor regarding tax legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our securities.
Because we intend to distribute substantially all of our income to our shareholders to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC, we will continue to need additional capital to finance our growth, and regulations governing our operation as a BDC will affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital and make distributions.
As a RIC, we generally are required to distribute substantially all of our ordinary income to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement and the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement (discussed below), which consequently increases the need to raise additional debt and equity capital. Furthermore, as a result of issuing senior securities, we would also be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss. If we issue preferred stock, the preferred stock would rank “senior” to common stock in our capital structure, preferred shareholders would have separate voting rights on certain matters and might have other rights, preferences, or privileges more favorable than those of our common shareholders, and the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in your best interest.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we are required to include in our taxable income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount, which may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the origination of a loan or possibly in other circumstances, or PIK interest. Such original issue discount or increases in loan balances as a result of contractual PIK arrangements will be included in our taxable income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in our taxable income certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash. Since, in certain cases, we may recognize taxable income before or without receiving corresponding cash payments, we may have difficulty meeting the Annual Distribution Requirement necessary to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC. Accordingly, to satisfy our RIC distribution requirements, we may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
We may in the future choose to pay dividends in our own stock, in which case investors may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash they receive.
We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in part in our stock. In accordance with certain applicable Treasury regulations and published guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service, a publicly offered RIC may treat a distribution of its own stock as fulfilling the RIC distribution requirements if each shareholder may elect to receive his or her entire distribution in either cash or stock of the RIC, subject to a limitation that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed to all shareholders must be at least 20% of the aggregate declared distribution. If too many shareholders elect to receive cash, the cash available for distribution must be allocated among the shareholders electing to receive cash (with the balance of the distribution paid in stock). In no event will any shareholder, electing to receive cash, receive less than the lesser of (a) the portion of the distribution such shareholder has elected to receive in cash or (b) an amount equal to his or her entire distribution times the percentage limitation on cash available for distribution. If these and certain other requirements are met, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of the dividend paid in stock will be equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of stock. Taxable shareholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the amount of the dividends as ordinary income (or as long-term capital gain to the extent such distribution is properly reported as a capital gain dividend) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. shareholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. shareholder sells the stock it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. shareholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a significant number of our shareholders determine to sell shares of our stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our stock.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INVESTMENTS GENERALLY
Our investments are very risky and highly speculative.
We invest primarily in senior secured term loans and select equity investments issued by companies, some of which are highly leveraged. The majority of senior secured loans are SBA 7(a) loans and the majority of equity investments are comprised of controlled affiliate equity investments.
Senior Secured Loans. There is a risk that the collateral securing our loans, in most cases real estate, may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital, and, in some circumstances, our lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the loan should we be forced to enforce our remedies. In some cases we may take second lien position on additional business or personal assets to secure further our first lien positions.
Equity Investments. We occasionally invest directly in the equity securities of portfolio companies. The equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
In addition, investing in SMBs involves a number of significant risks, including:
•these companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment;
•they typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;
•they are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us;
•they generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position;
•they may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity; and
•our executive officers and directors may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in the portfolio companies.
An investment strategy focused primarily on smaller privately held companies involves a high degree of risk and presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies, a dependence on the talents and efforts of only a few key portfolio company personnel and a greater vulnerability to economic downturns.
Our portfolio consists primarily of debt and equity investments in smaller privately-owned companies. Investing in these types of companies involves a number of significant risks. Typically, the debt in which we invest is not initially rated by any rating agency; however, we believe that if such investments were rated, they would be below investment grade. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “high yield” or “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Compared to larger publicly-owned companies, these small companies may be in a weaker financial position and experience wider variations in their operating results, which may make them more vulnerable to economic downturns. Typically, these companies need more capital to compete; however, their access to capital is limited and their cost of capital is often higher than that of their competitors. Our portfolio companies often face intense competition from larger companies with greater financial, technical and marketing resources and their success typically depends on the managerial talents and efforts of an individual or a small group of persons. Therefore, any loss of its key employees could affect a portfolio company’s ability to compete effectively and harm its financial condition. Further, some of these companies conduct business in regulated industries that are susceptible to regulatory changes. These factors could impair the cash flow of our portfolio companies and result in other events, such as bankruptcy. These events could limit a portfolio company’s ability to repay its obligations to us, which may have an adverse effect on the return on, or the recovery of, our investment in these businesses. Deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and prospects may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the loan’s collateral.
Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and we are required to rely on the ability of our Senior Lending Team and our Executive Committee to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments. Also, privately held companies frequently have less diverse product lines and smaller market presence than larger competitors. These factors could adversely affect our investment returns as compared to companies investing primarily in the securities of public companies.
We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.
Because we borrow money to make investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.
A reduction in the interest rates on new investments relative to interest rates on current investments could have an adverse impact on our net investment income. However, an increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn fixed interest rates and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net income. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make an investment in our common stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our common stock. Further, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if such increases cause our borrowing costs to rise at a rate in excess of the rate that our investments yield.
The majority of our debt investments are based on floating rates, primarily the Prime Rate. General interest rate fluctuations can be expected to have a substantial impact on the interest income we receive on our debt investments. For example, a reduction in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn floating interest rates. Alternatively, an increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn fixed interest rates.
General interest rate fluctuations may also have an impact on the value of our stock and our rate of return on invested capital. Because we have borrowed money, our net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate that our investments yield. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. For example, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if such increases cause our borrowing costs to rise at a rate in excess of the rate that our investments yield, thereby decreasing our net income. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make an investment in our common stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our common stock.
If general interest rates rise, there is a risk that the borrowers on our debt investments in floating rate loans will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents with us. Rising interest rates could also cause borrowers to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults. In addition, rising interest rates may increase pressure on us to provide fixed rate loans to our borrowers, which could adversely affect our net investment income in the future as interest rates continue to fluctuate.
Trading prices for debt that pays a fixed rate of return tend to fall as interest rates rise. Trading prices tend to fluctuate more for fixed-rate securities that have longer maturities. Moreover, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make investment in our common stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our common stock. U.S. Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates and the decision to end its quantitative easing policy, may also adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend- and interest-paying securities. Market volatility, rising interest rates and/or a return to unfavorable economic conditions could adversely affect our business.
We may enter into certain hedging transactions, such as interest rate swap agreements, in an effort to mitigate our exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates and we may increase our floating rate investments to position the portfolio for rate increases. However, we cannot assure you that such transactions will be successful in mitigating our exposure to interest rate risk or if we will enter into such interest rate hedges. Hedging transactions may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to our portfolio investments.
We do not have a policy governing the maturities of our investments. This means that we are subject to greater risk (other things being equal) than a fund invested solely in shorter-term securities. A decline in the prices of the debt we own could adversely affect our net asset value. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make an investment in our common stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate.
In periods of rising interest rates, to the extent we borrow money subject to a floating interest rate, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income. Further, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if we hold investments with floating interest rates, subject to specified minimum interest rates (such as a LIBOR floor), while at the same time engaging in borrowings subject to floating interest rates not subject to such minimums. In such a scenario, rising interest rates may increase our interest expense, even though our interest income from investments is not increasing in a corresponding manner as a result of such minimum interest rates.
If general interest rates rise, there is a risk that the portfolio companies in which we hold floating rate securities will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents with us. Rising interest rates could also cause portfolio companies to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults. In addition, rising interest rates may increase pressure on us to provide fixed rate loans to our portfolio companies, which could adversely affect our net investment income, as increases in our cost of borrowed funds would not be accompanied by increased interest income from such fixed-rate investments.
To the extent that we make floating rate debt investments, a rise in the general level of interest rates would lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates may result in an increase in the amount of the Incentive Fee payable to the Adviser.
General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments and investment opportunities and, accordingly, may have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective and the rate of return on invested capital. Because we may borrow money to make investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest these funds. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.
We are subject to risks associated with the discontinuation of LIBOR, which will affect our cost of capital and results of operations.
LIBOR is the basic rate of interest used in lending transactions between banks on the London interbank market and is widely used as a reference for setting the interest rate on loans globally. We typically use LIBOR as a reference rate in term loans we extend to portfolio companies such that the interest due to us pursuant to a term loan extended to a portfolio company is calculated using LIBOR. The terms of our debt investments generally include minimum interest rate floors which are calculated based on LIBOR.
On March 5, 2021, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority (the "FCA"), which regulates LIBOR, announced that the 1-week and 2-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease publication after December 31, 2021 and the overnight 1, 3, 6 and 12 months U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease publication after June 30, 2023. However, the FCA has indicated it will not compel panel banks to continue to contribute to LIBOR after the end of 2021 and the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation have encouraged banks to cease entering into new contracts that use U.S. dollar LIBOR as a reference rate no later than December 31, 2021.
To identify a successor rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC"), a U.S.-based group convened by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, was formed. On July 29, 2021, the ARCC formally recommended the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative replacement rate for LIBOR. SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions Although SOFR appears to be the preferred replacement rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR, at this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any such changes, any establishment of alternative reference rates or other reforms to LIBOR that may be enacted in the United States, United Kingdom or elsewhere. Although there have been a few issuances utilizing SOFR or the Sterling Over Night Index Average, an alternative reference rate that is based on transactions, it is unknown whether these alternative reference rates will attain market acceptance as replacements for LIBOR.
The elimination of LIBOR or any other changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of LIBOR could have an adverse impact on the market value of and/or transferability of any LIBOR-linked securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to us or on our overall financial condition or results of operations. In addition, while the majority of our LIBOR-linked loans contemplate that LIBOR may cease to exist and allow for amendment to a new base rate without the approval of 100% of the lenders, if LIBOR ceases to exist, we will still need to renegotiate the credit agreements extending beyond June 2023 with our portfolio companies that utilize LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate, in order to replace LIBOR with the new standard that is established, which may have an adverse effect on our overall financial condition or results of operations. Following the replacement of LIBOR, some or all of these credit agreements may bear interest at a lower interest rate, which could have an adverse impact on the value and liquidity of our investment in these
portfolio companies and, as a result on our results of operations. Moreover, if LIBOR ceases to exist, we may need to renegotiate certain terms of our credit facilities. If we are unable to do so, amounts drawn under our credit facilities may bear interest at a higher rate, which would increase the cost of our borrowings and, in turn, affect our results of operations.
Inflation may adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of our portfolio companies.
Certain of our portfolio companies may be impacted by inflation. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs along to their customers, it could adversely affect their results and impact their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations.
Our investments in leveraged portfolio companies may be risky, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Investment in leveraged companies involves a number of significant risks. Leveraged companies in which we invest may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their loans and debt securities that we hold. Such developments may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees that we may have obtained in connection with our investment. Smaller leveraged companies also may have less predictable operating results and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance their expansion or maintain their competitive position.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or in some cases senior to, the debt in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may entitle the holders to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution. After repaying such senior creditors, such portfolio company may not have sufficient remaining assets to repay its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
Second priority liens on collateral securing loans that we make to our portfolio companies may be subject to control by senior creditors with first priority liens. If there is a default, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to repay in full both the first priority creditors and us.
Certain loans that we make are secured by a second priority security interest in the same collateral pledged by a portfolio company to secure senior first lien debt owed by the portfolio company to commercial banks or other traditional lenders. Often the senior lender has procured covenants from the portfolio company prohibiting the incurrence of additional secured debt without the senior lender’s consent. Prior to and as a condition of permitting the portfolio company to borrow money from us secured by the same collateral pledged to the senior lender, the senior lender will require assurances that it will control the disposition of any collateral in the event of bankruptcy or other default. In many such cases, the senior lender will require us to enter into an “intercreditor agreement” prior to permitting the portfolio company to borrow from us. Typically the intercreditor agreements we will be requested to expressly subordinate our debt instruments to those held by the senior lender and further provide that the senior lender shall control: (1) the commencement of foreclosure or other proceedings to liquidate and collect on the collateral; (2) the nature, timing and conduct of foreclosure or other collection proceedings; (3) the amendment of any collateral document; (4) the release of the security interests in respect of any collateral; and (5) the waiver of defaults under any security agreement. Because of the control we may cede to senior lenders under intercreditor agreements we may enter, we may be unable to realize the proceeds of any collateral securing some of our loans.
If we make subordinated investments, the obligors or the portfolio companies may not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations to us.
We may make subordinated investments that rank below other obligations of the obligor in right of payment. Subordinated investments are subject to greater risk of default than senior obligations as a result of adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or economic conditions in general. If we make a subordinated investment in a portfolio company, the portfolio company may be highly leveraged, and its relatively high debt-to-equity ratio may create increased risks that its operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service all of its debt obligations.
The disposition of our investments may result in contingent liabilities.
We currently expect that substantially all of our investments will involve loans and private securities. In connection with the disposition of an investment in loans and private securities, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of the portfolio company typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations turn out to be inaccurate or with respect to potential liabilities. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities that ultimately result in funding obligations that we must satisfy through our return of distributions previously made to us.
There may be circumstances where our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
Even though we may have structured certain of our investments as secured loans, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, and based upon principles of equitable subordination as defined by existing case law, a bankruptcy court could subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors and transfer any lien securing such subordinated claim to the bankruptcy estate. The principles of equitable subordination defined by case law have generally indicated that a claim may be subordinated only if its holder is guilty of misconduct or where the senior loan is re-characterized as an equity investment and the senior lender has actually provided significant managerial assistance to the bankrupt debtor. We may also be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by us with respect to a borrower’s business or instances where we exercise control over the borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lender’s liability claim, including as a result of actions taken in rendering significant managerial assistance or actions to compel and collect payments from the borrower outside the ordinary course of business.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
We generally invest in companies whose securities are not publicly traded, and whose securities will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. There is no established trading market for the securities in which we invest. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments. As a result, we do not expect to achieve liquidity in our investments in the near-term. Further, we may face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the extent that we have material non-public information regarding such portfolio company.
Our failure to make follow-on investments in our portfolio companies could impair the value of our portfolio.
Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as “follow-on” investments, in order to: (1) increase or maintain in whole or in part our equity ownership percentage; (2) exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or a subsequent financing; or (3) attempt to preserve or enhance the value of our investment. We may elect not to make follow-on investments or otherwise lack sufficient funds to make those investments. We will have the discretion to make any follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. The failure to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, we may elect not to make a follow-on investment because we do not want to increase our concentration of risk, we prefer other opportunities, we are subject to BDC requirements that would prevent such follow-on investments, or the follow-on investment would affect our qualification as a RIC.
Our portfolio may lack diversification among portfolio companies which may subject us to a risk of significant loss if one or more of these companies default on its obligations under any of its debt instruments.
Our portfolio holds a limited number of controlled affiliate portfolio companies. Beyond the asset diversification requirements associated with our qualification as a RIC under the Code, we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and our investments may be concentrated in relatively few companies. As our portfolio is less diversified than the portfolios of some larger funds, we are more susceptible to failure if a single loan fails. Similarly, the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment.
We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we may invest a significant portion of our assets in a relatively small number of issuers, which subjects us to a risk of significant loss if any of these
issuers defaults on its obligations under any of its debt instruments or as a result of a downturn in the particular industry.
We are classified as a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we may invest a significant portion of our assets in a relatively small number of issuers in a limited number of industries. As of December 31, 2021, our three largest investments, NMS, NTS and NBL equaled approximately 11%, 3% and 4%, respectively, of the fair value of our total assets. Beyond the asset diversification requirements associated with our qualification as a RIC, we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and while we are not targeting any specific industries, relatively few industries may become significantly represented among our investments. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, our net asset value may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer, changes in fair value over time or a downturn in any particular industry. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company.
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries, which may subject us to a risk of significant loss if there is a downturn in a particular industry in which a number of our investments are concentrated.
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries. A downturn in any particular industry in which we are invested could significantly impact the aggregate returns we realize. If an industry in which we have significant investments suffers from adverse business or economic conditions, as these industries have to varying degrees, a material portion of our investment portfolio could be affected adversely, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
Because we may not hold controlling equity interests in certain of our portfolio companies, we may not be in a position to exercise control over our portfolio companies or to prevent decisions by management of our portfolio companies that could decrease the value of our investments.
We do not currently hold controlling equity positions in the majority of our portfolio companies where our investments are in the form of debt, particularly SBA loans. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company may make business decisions with which we disagree, and that the management and/or shareholders of a portfolio company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that are adverse to our interests. Due to the lack of liquidity of the debt and equity investments that we typically hold in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event we disagree with the actions of a portfolio company and may therefore suffer a decrease in the value of our investments.
Defaults by our portfolio companies will harm our operating results.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize our portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company. Any extension or restructuring of our loans could adversely affect our cash flows. In addition, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, even though we may have structured our interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize our debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors. If any of these occur, it could materially and adversely affect our operating results and cash flows. For example, the Company closed on its $5.4 million investment in ADR Partners, LLC dba banc-serv Partners, LLC (“BSP”) in June 2016. Subsequently, as previously disclosed, the Company invested $1.7 million in additional capital and recorded $7.1 million in unrealized losses on the BSP investment to write down the fair value of the investment to $0.0 by June 30, 2019. The BSP investment resulted in protracted litigation with Kerri Agee, the former owner and President of BSP, who filed for bankruptcy and was indicted in 2019 for, and convicted in 2021 of, defrauding the SBA. The Agee litigation concluded with Newtek Business Services Holdco 5, Inc. (“Holdco 5”), a Company subsidiary, obtaining a nondischargeable judgment against Agee in the amount of $6.2 million in January 2022. Holdco 5 intends to vigorously pursue all of its rights relating to this matter, though there can be no assurances of the possibility of recovering some or substantially all of the assets referred to in the judgement. HoldCo 5 has not recorded any gain contingency relating to this litigation.
If we and our portfolio companies are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our business and prospects could be harmed, and if we and our portfolio companies are required to devote significant resources to protecting their intellectual property rights, the value of our investment could be reduced.
The proprietary software essential to our business and that of our controlled portfolio companies is owned by us and made available to them for their use. Our future success and competitive position will depend in part upon our ability to maintain and protect proprietary technology used in our products and services. We will rely, in part, on patent, trade secret and trademark law to protect that technology, but competitors may misappropriate our intellectual property, and disputes as to ownership of intellectual property may arise. We may, from time to time, be required to institute litigation to enforce the patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, protect trade secrets, determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or defend against claims of infringement. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
Prepayments of our debt investments by our portfolio companies could adversely impact our results of operations and reduce our return on equity.
We will be subject to the risk that the investments we make in our portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity; most of our SBA loans do not carry prepayment penalties. When this occurs, we will generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments or repay outstanding debt, depending on future investment in new portfolio companies. Temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our portfolio companies elect to prepay amounts owed to us. Additionally, prepayments could negatively impact our return on equity, which could result in a decline in the market price of our securities.
We may not realize gains from our equity investments.
Certain investments that we may make in the future include warrants or other equity securities. Investments in equity securities involve a number of significant risks, including the risk of further dilution as a result of additional issuances, inability to access additional capital and failure to pay current distributions. Investments in preferred securities involve special risks, such as the risk of deferred distributions, credit risk, illiquidity and limited voting rights. In addition, we may from time to time make non-control, equity investments in portfolio companies. Our goal is ultimately to realize gains upon our disposition of such equity interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
We also may be unable to realize any value if a portfolio company does not have a liquidity event, such as a sale of the business, recapitalization or public offering, which would allow us to sell the underlying equity interests. We will often seek puts or similar rights to give us the right to sell our equity securities back to the portfolio company issuer. We may be unable to exercise these puts rights for the consideration provided in our investment documents if the issuer is in financial distress.
An increase in non-accrual assets would reduce our income and increase our expenses.
If our level of non-accrual assets in our SBA lending business rises in the future, it could adversely affect our investment income and earnings. Non-accrual assets are primarily loans on which borrowers are not making their required payments. Non-accrual assets also include loans that have been restructured to permit the borrower to have smaller payments and real estate that has been acquired through foreclosure of unpaid loans. To the extent that our financial assets are non-accrual, we will have less cash available for lending and other activities.
If the assets securing the loans that we make decrease in value, then we may lack sufficient collateral to cover losses.
To attempt to mitigate credit risks, we will typically take a security interest in the available assets of our portfolio companies. There is no assurance that we will obtain or properly perfect our liens. There is a risk that the collateral securing our loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of a portfolio company to raise additional capital. In some circumstances, our lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or that we will be able to collect on the loan should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
In addition, because we may invest in technology-related companies, a substantial portion of the assets securing our investment may be in the form of intellectual property, if any, inventory and equipment and, to a lesser extent, cash and accounts receivable. Intellectual property, if any, that is securing our loan could lose value if, among other things, the company’s rights to the intellectual property are challenged or if the company’s license to the intellectual property is revoked or expires, the technology fails to achieve its intended results or a new technology makes the intellectual property functionally obsolete. Inventory may not be adequate to secure our loan if our valuation of the inventory at the time that we made the loan was not accurate or if there is a reduction in the demand for the inventory.
Similarly, any equipment securing our loan may not provide us with the anticipated security if there are changes in technology or advances in new equipment that render the particular equipment obsolete or of limited value, or if the company fails to adequately maintain or repair the equipment. Any one or more of the preceding factors could materially impair our ability to recover principal in a foreclosure.
The Company is a Guarantor on a number of credit facilities entered into by certain of its subsidiaries and controlled portfolio companies
As discussed further herein, the Company is a guarantor on credit facilities entered into by NSBF, NBL, NMS and NBC with various lenders. If any of these borrowers default on these lines of credit, we would be required to make payments under the guarantees, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may expose ourselves to risks as we engage in hedging transactions.
In the second half of 2021, the Company began using derivatives to hedge interest rate exposure on specific fixed rate loans originated by the Company or its portfolio companies until such fixed rate loans are sold or securitized. We may continue to enter into such hedging transactions in an effort to mitigate our exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates and we may increase our floating rate investments to position the portfolio for rate increases. However, we cannot assure you that such transactions will be successful in mitigating our exposure to interest rate risk or if we will continue to enter into such interest rate hedges. Hedging transactions may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to our portfolio investment. Moreover, as we engage in hedging transactions, we expose ourselves to certain risks associated with such transactions. We may utilize instruments such as forward contracts, currency options and interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of certain of our portfolio positions from changes in market interest rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions does not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline. However, such hedging can establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions increase. It may not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation that is so generally anticipated that we are not able to enter into a hedging transaction at an acceptable price. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against interest rate fluctuations affecting the value of securities in our portfolio.
Our ability to enter into transactions involving derivatives and financial commitment transactions may be limited.
In November 2020, the SEC adopted new rules regarding the ability of a BDC (or a registered investment company) to use derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations. BDCs that use derivatives would be subject to a value-at-risk leverage limit, certain other derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements would apply unless the BDC qualified as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the SEC’s adopted rules. A BDC that enters into reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions would need to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions could either (i) comply with the asset coverage requirements of the Section 18 of the 1940 Act when engaging in reverse repurchase agreements or (ii) choose to treat such agreements as derivative transactions under the adopted rule. Under the adopted rule, a BDC may enter into an unfunded commitment agreement that is not a derivatives transaction, such as an agreement to provide financing to a portfolio company, if the BDC has a reasonable belief, at the time it enters into such an agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as it becomes due. If the BDC cannot meet this test, it is required to treat unfunded commitments as a derivatives transaction subject to the requirements of the rule. Collectively, these requirements may limit our ability to use derivatives and/or enter into certain other financial contracts. In June 2021, the Company adopted a Policy and Procedure for Use of Derivatives which it believes conforms to the new SEC rules.
To the extent we borrow money to finance our investments, changes in interest rates will affect our cost of capital and net
investment income.
To the extent we borrow money to finance investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in the event we borrow money to finance our investments. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income. We expect that our long-term fixed-rate investments will be financed primarily with equity and/or long-term debt. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Such techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If we do not implement these techniques properly, we could experience losses on our hedging positions, which could be material. In addition, depending on the frequency and magnitude of rising interest rates, these interest rate increases could negatively impact premiums received on the sale of guaranteed SBA loans, and further, could increase prepayment speeds on outstanding SBA loans, potentially negatively impacting the Company’s financial results.
We cannot predict how new tax legislation will affect us, our investments, or our stockholders, and any such legislation could adversely affect our business.
Legislative or other actions relating to taxes could have a negative effect on us. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. The Biden Administration has proposed significant changes to the existing U.S. tax rules, and there are a number of proposals in Congress that would similarly modify the existing U.S. tax rules. The likelihood of any such legislation being enacted is uncertain, but new legislation and any U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting such legislation could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to us and our investors of such qualification, or could have other adverse consequences. Investors are urged to consult with their tax advisor regarding tax legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our common stock.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CONTROLLED PORTFOLIO COMPANIES - NEWTEK MERCHANT SOLUTIONS (NMS)
We could be adversely affected if either of NMS’ two bank sponsorships is terminated.
Because NMS is not a bank, it is unable to belong to and directly access the Visa® and MasterCard® bankcard associations. The Visa® and MasterCard® operating regulations require NMS to be sponsored by a bank in order to process bankcard transactions. A bank sponsorship is an agreement under which a financial institution that has a membership with MasterCard®, Visa® or American Express sponsors an independent sales organization, like NMS, that markets credit card processing services to merchants who accept credit cards as a form of payment, gains access to the Visa®, MasterCard®, and American Express networks. NMS is currently sponsored by two banks. If either of the sponsorships is terminated, and NMS is not able to secure or transfer the respective merchant portfolio to a new bank sponsor or sponsors, the business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the electronic payment processing business could be materially adversely affected. If both the sponsorships are terminated and NMS is unable to secure a bank sponsor for the merchant portfolios, it will not be able to process bankcard transactions for the affected portfolios. Consequently, the loss of both of NMS’ sponsorships would have a material adverse effect on our business. Furthermore, NMS’ agreements with sponsoring banks gives the sponsoring banks substantial discretion in approving certain elements of its business practices, including its solicitation, application and qualification procedures for merchants, the terms of their agreements with merchants, the processing fees that they charge, their customer service levels and its use of independent sales organizations and independent sales agents. We cannot guarantee that NMS’ sponsoring banks’ actions under these agreements would not be detrimental to us.
Other service providers, some of whom are NMS’ competitors, are necessary for the conduct of NMS’ business. The termination by service providers of these arrangements with NMS or their failure to perform these services efficiently and effectively may adversely affect NMS’ relationships with the merchants whose accounts it serves and may cause those merchants to terminate their processing agreements with NMS.
If NMS or its processors or bank sponsors fail to adhere to the standards of the Visa® and MasterCard® bankcard associations, its registrations with these associations could be terminated and it could be required to stop providing payment processing services for Visa® and MasterCard®.
Substantially all of the transactions NMS processes involve Visa® or MasterCard®. If NMS, its bank sponsors or its processors fail to comply with the applicable requirements of the Visa® and MasterCard® bankcard associations, Visa® or MasterCard® could suspend or terminate its registration. The termination of NMS’ registration or any changes in the Visa® or MasterCard® rules that would impair its registration could require it to stop providing payment processing services, which would have a material adverse effect on its business and could be detrimental to us.
On occasion, NMS experiences increases in interchange and sponsorship fees. If it cannot pass along these increases to its merchants, its profit margins will be reduced.
NMS pays interchange fees or assessments to bankcard associations for each transaction it processes using their credit, debit and gift cards. From time to time, the bankcard associations increase the interchange fees that they charge processors and the sponsoring banks, which generally pass on such increases to NMS. From time to time, the sponsoring banks increase their fees as well. If NMS is not able to pass these fee increases along to merchants through corresponding increases in its processing fees, its profit margins in this line of business will be reduced.
Unauthorized disclosure of merchant or cardholder data, whether through breach of our computer systems or otherwise, could expose us to liability and business losses.
Through NMS, we collect and store sensitive data about merchants and cardholders, and we maintain a database of cardholder data relating to specific transactions, including payment, card numbers and cardholder addresses, in order to process the transactions and for fraud prevention and other internal processes. If anyone penetrates our network security or otherwise misappropriates sensitive merchant or cardholder data, we could be subject to liability or business interruption. While we subject these systems to periodic independent testing and review, we cannot guarantee that our systems will not be penetrated in the future. If a breach of our system occurs, we may be subject to liability, including claims for unauthorized purchases with misappropriated card information, impersonation or other similar fraud claims. Similar risks exist with regard to the storage and transmission of such data by our processors. In the event of any such a breach, we may also be subject to a class action lawsuit. SMBs are less prepared for the complexities of safeguarding cardholder data than their larger counterparts. In the event of noncompliance by a customer of card industry rules, we could face fines from payment card networks. There can be no assurance that we would be able to recover any such fines from such customer.
NMS is liable if its processing merchants refuse or cannot reimburse charge-backs resolved in favor of their customers.
If a billing dispute between a merchant and a cardholder is not ultimately resolved in favor of the merchant, the disputed transaction is “charged back” to the merchant’s bank and credited to the account of the cardholder. If NMS or its processing banks are unable to collect the charge-back from the merchant’s account, or if the merchant refuses or is financially unable due to bankruptcy or other reasons to reimburse the merchant’s bank for the charge-back, NMS must bear the loss for the amount of the refund paid to the cardholder’s bank. Most of NMS’ merchants deliver products or services when purchased, so a contingent liability for charge-backs is unlikely to arise, and credits are issued on returned items. However, some of its merchants do not provide services until sometime after a purchase, which increases the potential for contingent liability and future charge-backs. NMS and the sponsoring bank can require that merchants maintain cash reserves under its control to cover charge-back liabilities but such reserves may not be sufficient to cover the liability or may not even be available to them in the event of a bankruptcy or other legal action.
NMS has potential liability for customer or merchant fraud.
Credit card fraud occurs when a merchant’s customer uses a stolen card (or a stolen card number in a card-not-present transaction) to purchase merchandise or services. In a traditional card-present transaction, if the merchant swipes the card, receives authorization for the transaction from the card issuing bank and verifies the signature on the back of the card against the paper receipt signed by the customer, the card issuing bank remains liable for any loss. In a fraudulent card-not-present transaction, even if the merchant receives authorization for the transaction, the merchant is liable for any loss arising from the transaction. Many NMS customers are small and transact a substantial percentage of their sales over the Internet or by telephone or mail orders. Because their sales are card-not-present transactions, these merchants are more vulnerable to customer fraud than larger merchants, and NMS could experience charge-backs arising from cardholder fraud more frequently with these merchants.
Merchant fraud occurs when a merchant, rather than a customer, knowingly uses a stolen or counterfeit card or card number to record a false sales transaction or intentionally fails to deliver the merchandise or services sold in an otherwise valid transaction. Anytime a merchant is unable to satisfy a charge-back, NMS is ultimately responsible for that charge-back unless it has required that a cash reserve be established. We cannot assure that the systems and procedures NMS has established to detect and reduce the impact of merchant fraud are or will be effective. Failure to effectively manage risk and prevent fraud could increase NMS charge-back liability and adversely affect its results of operations.
NMS payment processing systems may fail due to factors beyond its control, which could interrupt its business or cause it to lose business and likely increase costs.
NMS depends on the uninterrupted operations of our computer network systems, software and our processors’ data centers. Defects in these systems or damage to them due to factors beyond its control could cause severe disruption to NMS’ business and other material adverse effects on its payment processing businesses.
The electronic payment processing business is undergoing very rapid technological changes which may make it difficult or impossible for NMS to compete effectively.
The introduction of new technologies, primarily mobile payment capabilities, and the entry into the payment processing market of new competitors, Apple, Inc., for example, could dramatically change the competitive environment and require significant changes and costs for NMS to remain competitive. There is no assurance that NMS will have the capability to stay competitive with such changes.
NMS and others in the payment processing industry have come under increasing pressures from various regulatory agencies seeking to use the leverage of the payment processing business to limit or modify the practices of merchants which could lead to increased costs.
Various agencies, particularly the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), have within the past few years attempted to pressure merchants to discontinue or modify various sales or other practices. As a part of the payment processing industry, processors such as NMS could experience pressure and/or litigation aimed at restricting access to credit card sales by such merchants. These efforts could cause an increase in the cost to NMS of doing business or otherwise make its business less profitable and may subject NMS to assess penalties for not taking actions deemed sufficiently aggressive to limit such practices. As a result of a litigation brought by the FTC in October 2012, NMS voluntarily entered into, and is presently operating under, a permanent injunction with respect to certain of its business practices.
Increased regulatory focus on the payments industry may result in costly new compliance burdens on NMS’ clients and on NMS itself, leading to increased costs and decreased payments volume and revenues.
Regulation of the payments industry has increased significantly in recent years. Complying with these and other regulations increases costs and can reduce revenue opportunities. Similarly, the impact of such regulations on clients may reduce the volume of payments processed. Moreover, such regulations can limit the types of products and services that are offered. Any of these occurrences can materially and adversely affect NMS’ business, prospects for future growth, financial condition and results of operations.
Examples include:
•Data Protection and Information Security. Aspects of NMS’ operations and business are subject to privacy and data protection regulation. NMS’ financial institution clients are subject to similar requirements under the guidelines issued by the federal banking agencies. In addition, many individual states have enacted legislation requiring consumer notification in the event of a security breach.
•Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorism Financing. The U.S.A. PATRIOT Act requires NMS to maintain an anti-money laundering program. Sanctions imposed by the U.S. Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, restrict NMS from dealing with certain parties considered to be connected with money laundering, terrorism or narcotics. NMS has controls in place designed to ensure OFAC compliance, but if those controls should fail, it could be subject to penalties, reputational damage and loss of business.
•Money Transfer Regulations. As NMS expands its product offerings, it may become subject to money transfer regulations, increasing regulatory oversight and costs of compliance.
•Formal Investigation. If NMS is suspected of violating government statutes, such as the Federal Trade Commission Act or the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act, governmental agencies may formally investigate NMS. As a result of such a formal investigation, criminal or civil charges could be filed against NMS and it could be required to pay significant fines or penalties in connection with such investigation or other governmental investigations. Any criminal or civil charges by a governmental agency, including any fines or penalties, could materially harm NMS’ business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Currently, NMS is operating under an order for injunctive relief it voluntarily entered into with the Federal Trade Commission.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CONTROLLED PORTFOLIO COMPANIES - NEWTEK TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS (NTS)
NTS operates in a highly competitive industry in which technological change can be rapid.
The information technology business and its related technology involve a broad range of rapidly changing technologies. NTS equipment and the technologies on which it is based may not remain competitive over time, and others may develop superior technologies that render its products non-competitive, without significant additional capital expenditures. Some of NTS’ competitors are significantly larger and have substantially greater market presence as well as greater financial, technical, operational, marketing and other resources and experience than NTS. In the event that such a competitor expends significant sales and marketing resources in one or several markets, NTS may not be able to compete successfully in such markets. We believe that competition will continue to increase, placing downward pressure on prices. Such pressure could adversely affect NTS gross margins if it is not able to reduce its costs commensurate with such price reductions. There can be no assurances that NTS will remain competitive.
NTS’ technology solutions business depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of its computer and communications hardware systems and infrastructure.
Despite precautions taken by NTS against possible failure of its systems, interruptions could result from natural disasters, power loss, the inability to acquire fuel for its backup generators, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks and similar events. NTS also leases telecommunications lines from local, regional and national carriers whose service may be interrupted. NTS’ business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed by any damage or failure that interrupts or delays its operations. There can be no assurance that NTS’ insurance will cover all of the losses or compensate NTS for the possible loss of clients occurring during any period that NTS is unable to provide service.
NTS’ inability to maintain the integrity of its infrastructure and the privacy of confidential information would materially affect its business.
The NTS infrastructure is potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, viruses or similar problems. If its security measures are circumvented, it could jeopardize the security of confidential information stored on NTS’ systems, misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in NTS’ operations. We may be required to make significant additional investments and efforts to protect against or remedy security breaches. Security breaches that result in access to confidential information could damage our reputation and expose us to a risk of loss or liability. The security services that NTS offers in connection with customers’ networks cannot assure complete protection from computer viruses, break-ins and other disruptive problems. The occurrence of these problems may result in claims against NTS or us or liability on our part. These claims, regardless of their ultimate outcome, could result in costly litigation and could harm our business and reputation and impair NTS’ ability to attract and retain customers.
NTS could be adversely affected by information security breaches or cyber security attacks.
NTS’ web and cloud services involve the storage and transmission of our customers’, employees’, and portfolio companies’ proprietary information. NTS’ business relies on its digital technologies, computer and email systems, software, and networks to conduct its operations. NTS’ technologies, systems and networks may become the target of criminal cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of confidential, proprietary and other information of NTS or third parties with whom NTS deals, or otherwise disrupt our or our customers’ or other third parties’ business operations. It is critical to NTS’ business strategy that its facilities and infrastructure remain secure and are perceived by the marketplace to be secure. Although NTS believes it employs appropriate security technologies, NTS cannot guarantee that the security technologies (including data encryption processes, intrusion detection systems) it employs or, the comprehensive risk assessments it conducts, or its other internal control procedures will assure the security of its customers’ data. If NTS’ security measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error or
otherwise, and as a result, its customers’ data becomes available to unauthorized parties, NTS and our other portfolio companies could incur liability and its reputation would be damaged, which could lead to the loss of current and potential customers. In addition, NTS will be required to expend significant capital and other resources to detect, remedy, protect against or alleviate breaches of its network and security, and it may not be able to remedy these problems in a timely manner, or at all. Because techniques used by outsiders to obtain unauthorized network access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, NTS may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. For example, in early 2018 following an unauthorized third party misappropriating three of NTS’ domain names, NTS’ management and forensic investigators determined that attackers compromised a portion of its shared webhosting system, and may have acquired certain customer information limited to its shared webhosting customers, and/or gained access to certain of its shared webhosting servers. In response, NTS took a range of steps designed to further secure its systems, enhance its security protections, enhance access controls, and prevent future unauthorized activity. For more information on risks relating to cybersecurity, see “Risks Related to Cybersecurity.”
NTS’ business depends on Microsoft Corporation and others for the licenses to use software as well as other intellectual property in the managed technology solutions business.
NTS’ managed technology business is built on technological platforms relying on the Microsoft Windows® products and other intellectual property that NTS currently licenses. As a result, if NTS is unable to continue to have the benefit of those licensing arrangements or if the products upon which its platform is built become obsolete, its business could be materially and adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CONTROLLED PORTFOLIO COMPANIES - NEWTEK INSURANCE AGENCY (NIA)
NIA depends on third parties, particularly property and casualty insurance companies, to supply the products marketed by its agents.
NIA contracts with property and casualty insurance companies typically provide that the contracts can be terminated by the supplier without cause. NIA’s inability to enter into satisfactory arrangements with these suppliers or the loss of these relationships for any reason would adversely affect the results of its insurance business. Also, NIA’s inability to obtain these products at competitive prices could make it difficult for it to compete with larger and better capitalized providers of such insurance services.
If NIA fails to comply with government regulations, its insurance agency business would be adversely affected.
NIA insurance agency business is subject to comprehensive regulation in the various states in which it conducts business. NIA’s success will depend in part upon its ability to satisfy these regulations and to obtain and maintain all required licenses and permits. NIA’s failure to comply with any statutes and regulations could have a material adverse effect on it. Furthermore, the adoption of additional statutes and regulations, changes in the interpretation and enforcement of current statutes and regulations could have a material adverse effect on it.
NIA does not have any control over the commissions it earns on the sale of insurance products which are based on premiums and commission rates set by insurers and the conditions prevalent in the insurance market.
NIA earns commissions on the sale of insurance products. Commission rates and premiums can change based on the prevailing economic and competitive factors that affect insurance underwriters. In addition, the insurance industry has been characterized by periods of intense price competition due to excessive underwriting capacity and periods of favorable premium levels due to shortages of capacity. We cannot predict the timing or extent of future changes in commission rates or premiums or the effect any of these changes will have on the operations of NIA.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CONTROLLED PORTFOLIO COMPANIES - NEWTEK PAYROLL AND BENEFIT SOLUTIONS (NPS)
Unauthorized disclosure of employee data, whether through a cyber-security breach of our computer systems or otherwise, could expose NPS to liability and business losses.
NPS collects and stores sensitive data about individuals in order to process the transactions and for other internal processes. If anyone penetrates its network security or the security of the third-party payroll processing platform in utilizes, or otherwise misappropriates sensitive individual data, NPS could be subject to liability or business interruption. NPS is subject to laws and rules issued by different agencies concerning safeguarding and maintaining the confidentiality of this information. Its activities have been, and will continue to be, subject to an increasing risk of cyber-attacks, the nature of which is continually evolving. Cyber-security risks include unauthorized access to privileged and sensitive customer information, including passwords and account information of NPS’ customers. While it subjects its data systems to periodic independent testing and review, NPS cannot guarantee that its systems or the systems of the third-party payroll processing platform in utilizes will not be penetrated in the future. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate NPS’ network security or the security of its third-party payroll processing platform, and misappropriate or compromise our confidential information, create system disruptions, or cause shutdowns. As a result, NPS’ customers’ information may be lost, disclosed, accessed or taken without its customers’ consent. If a breach of these systems occurs, NPS may be subject to liability, including claims for impersonation or other similar fraud claims. In the event of any such breach, NPS may also be subject to a class action lawsuit. Any significant violations of data privacy could result in the loss of business, litigation and regulatory investigations and penalties that could damage NPS’ reputation, and the growth of its business could be adversely affected. For more information on risks relating to cybersecurity, see “Risks Related to Cybersecurity.”
NPS is subject to risks surrounding Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) payments.
Credit risk in ACH payments arises when a party to a contract fails to deposit funds required to settle the contract. This can occur if a client of NPS suffers losses, enters into bankruptcy or defrauds NPS. In such an event, NPS could bear the financial burden of settling the customer’s contract.
NPS’ systems may be subject to disruptions that could adversely affect its business and reputation.
NPS’ payroll business relies heavily on its payroll, financial, accounting and other data processing systems. If any of these systems or any of the vendors which supply them fails to operate properly or becomes disabled even for a brief period of time, NPS could suffer financial loss, a disruption of its business, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or damage to its reputation. NPS has disaster recovery plans in place to protect its businesses against natural disasters, security breaches, military or terrorist actions, power or communication failures or similar events. Despite NPS’ preparations, its disaster recovery plans may not be successful in preventing the loss of client data, service interruptions, and disruptions to its operations or damage to its important facilities.
If NPS fails to adapt its technology to meet client needs and preferences, the demand for its services may diminish.
NPS operates in industries that are subject to rapid technological advances and changing client needs and preferences. In order to remain competitive and responsive to client demands, NPS continually upgrades, enhances and expands its existing solutions and services. If NPS fails to respond successfully to technological challenges, the demand for its services may diminish.
NPS could incur unreimbursed costs or damages due to delays in processing inherent in the banking system.
NPS generally determines the availability of customer (employer) funds prior to making payments to employees or taxing authorities, and such employer funds are generally transferred in to its accounts prior to making payments out. Due to the structure of the banking system however, there are times when NPS may make payroll or tax payments and not immediately receive the funds to do so from the employer. There can be no assurance that the procedures NPS has in place to prevent these occurrences or mitigate the damages will be sufficient to prevent loss to its business. In addition, NPS could incur unreimbursed costs or damages due to delays in processing customer payrolls or payroll taxes in a timely manner.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CONTROLLED PORTFOLIO COMPANIES - NEWTEK BUSINESS CREDIT SOLUTIONS (NBC)
An unexpected level of defaults in NBC’s accounts receivables or inventory portfolios would reduce its income and increase its expenses.
If NBC’s level of non-accrual assets in its receivable financing or inventory financing business rises in the future, it could adversely affect its revenue, earnings and cash flow. Non-accrual assets primarily consist of receivables for which the customer has not made timely payment. In certain situations, NBC may restructure the receivable to permit such a customer to have smaller payments over a longer period of time. Such a restructuring or non-payment by a receivables or inventory customer will result in lower revenue and less cash available for NBC’ operational activities.
NBC’s reserve for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover unexpected losses.
NBC’s business depends on the behavior of its customers. In addition to its credit practices and procedures, NBC maintains a reserve for credit losses on its accounts receivable and inventory portfolios, which it has judged to be adequate given the receivables it purchases. NBC periodically reviews its reserve for adequacy considering current economic conditions and trends, charge-off experience and levels of non-accrual assets, and adjusts its reserve accordingly. However, because of recent unstable economic conditions, its reserves may prove inadequate, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.
NBC depends on outside financing to support its receivables financing and inventory financing business.
NBC’s receivables and inventory financing business depends on outside financing to support its acquisition of receivables. Termination of the credit lines for any reason would have a material adverse effect on its business, including but not limited to, the liquidation of its receivables portfolios to pay down the lines. If funds from such sale were insufficient to completely pay down the line of credit, NBC’s would be responsible for any short fall. We are a guarantor on the Sterling Receivable and Inventory Facility at NBC. Maximum borrowings under the Sterling Receivable and Inventory Facility are $35.0 million. The Sterling Receivable and Inventory Facility matures in August 2022 and automatically renews annually. At December 31, 2021, total principal owed by NBC was $7.6 million.
We have guaranteed NBC’s obligations under this facility. If NBC defaults on this line of credit, we would be required to make payments under the guarantee, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, if NBC loses this line of credit and NBC is unable to renew or replace this line of credit, it would materially impact the business of NBC and have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS - PORTFOLIO COMPANIES
Our portfolio companies may, from time to time, be involved in various legal matters, which may have an adverse effect on their operations and/or financial condition.
From time to time, we may be subject to legal actions as well as various regulatory, governmental and law enforcement inquiries, investigations and subpoenas. In any such claims or actions, demands for substantial monetary damages may be asserted against our portfolio companies and may result in financial liability for us or an adverse effect on our reputation among investors. We may be unable to accurately estimate our portfolio companies’ exposure to litigation risk. In regulatory enforcement matters, claims for disgorgement, the imposition of penalties, and the imposition of other remedial sanctions against our portfolio companies are possible, and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
For example, the Company closed on its $5.4 million investment in ADR Partners, LLC dba banc-serv Partners, LLC (“BSP”) in June 2016. Subsequently, as previously disclosed, the Company invested $1.7 million in additional capital and recorded $7.1 million in unrealized losses on the BSP investment to write down the fair value of the investment to $0.0 by June 30, 2019. The BSP investment resulted in protracted litigation with Kerri Agee, the former owner and President of BSP, who filed for bankruptcy and was indicted in 2019 for, and convicted in 2021 of, defrauding the SBA. The Agee litigation concluded with Newtek Business Services Holdco 5, Inc. (“Holdco 5”), a Company subsidiary, obtaining a nondischargeable judgment against Agee in the amount of $6.2 million in January 2022. Holdco 5 intends to vigorously pursue all of its rights relating to this matter, though there can be no assurances of the possibility of recovering some or substantially all of the assets referred to in the judgement. HoldCo 5 has not recorded any gain contingency relating to this litigation.
Additionally, as a result of a litigation brought by the FTC in October 2012, NMS voluntarily entered into, and is presently operating under, a permanent injunction with respect to certain of its business practices.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CAPCO BUSINESS
The Capco programs and the tax credits they provide are created by state legislation and implemented through regulation, and such laws and rules are subject to possible action to repeal or retroactively revise the programs for political, economic or other reasons. Such an attempted repeal or revision would create substantial difficulty for the Capco programs and could, if ultimately successful, cause us material financial harm.
The tax credits associated with the Capco programs and provided to our Capcos’ investors are to be utilized by the investors over a period of time, which is typically ten years. Much can change during such a period and it is possible that one or more states may revise or eliminate the tax credits. Any such revision or repeal could have a material adverse economic impact on our Capcos, either directly or as a result of the Capco’s insurer’s actions. Any such final state action that jeopardizes the tax credits could result in the provider of our Capco insurance assuming partial or full control of the particular Capco in order to minimize its liability under the Capco insurance policies issued to our investors.
Because our Capcos are subject to requirements under state law, a failure of any of them to meet these requirements could subject the Capco and our shareholders to the loss of one or more Capcos.
Despite the fact that we have met all applicable minimum requirements of the Capco programs in which we still participate, each Capco remains subject to state regulation until it has invested 100% of its funds and otherwise remains in full legal compliance. There can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to do so. A major regulatory violation, while not fatal to our Capco business, would materially increase the cost of operating the Capcos.
We know of no other publicly-held company that sponsors and operates Capcos as a part of its business. As such, there are, to our knowledge, no other companies against which investors may compare our Capco business and its operations, results of operations and financial and accounting structures.
In the absence of any meaningful peer group comparisons for our Capco business, investors may have a difficult time understanding and judging the strength of our business. This, in turn, may have a depressing effect on the value of our stock.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES
As of December 31, 2021, our CEO beneficially owns and has shared voting power over approximately 4.8% of our common stock, and may be able to exercise significant influence over the outcome of most shareholder actions.
Because of his ownership of and shared voting power over our stock, Barry Sloane, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, may be able to exercise significant influence over actions requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors, the adoption of amendments to the certificate of incorporation, approval of stock incentive plans and approval of major transactions such as a merger or sale of assets. This could delay or prevent a change in control of the Company, deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a change in control and have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock.
Our common stock price may be volatile and may decrease substantially.
The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially. The price of our common stock may be higher or lower depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;
•investor demand for our stock;
•significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of BDCs or other companies in our sector, which are not necessarily related to the operating performance of these companies;
•changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines with respect to RICs, BDCs, or SBLCs;
•failure to qualify as a RIC, or the loss of RIC status;
•any shortfall in revenue or net income or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors or securities analysts;
•changes, or perceived changes, in the value of our portfolio investments;
•departures of key Company personnel;
•operating performance of companies comparable to us; or
•general economic conditions and trends and other external factors.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Due to the potential volatility of our stock price once a market for our stock is established, we may become the target of securities litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from our business.
Future issuances of our common stock or other securities, including preferred shares, may dilute the per share book value of our common stock or have other adverse consequences to our common shareholders.
Our Board has the authority, without the action or vote of our shareholders, to issue all or part of the approximately 175,841,306 authorized but unissued shares of our common stock. Our business strategy relies upon investments in and acquisitions of businesses using the resources available to us, including our common stock. Additionally, we anticipate granting additional options or restricted stock awards to our employees and directors in the future. Absent exemptive relief, a BDC generally may not issue restricted stock to its directors, officers and employees. In May 2016, the SEC issued an order granting the Company’s request for exemptive relief to allow us to amend our equity compensation plan and make such grants and awards, subject to shareholder approval. We may also issue additional securities, through public or private offerings, in order to raise capital. Future issuances of our common stock will dilute the percentage of ownership interest of current shareholders and could decrease the per share book value of our common stock. In addition, option holders may exercise their options at a time when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms. In July 2016, our shareholders approved the amendments to our equity compensation plan, and certain restricted stock awards granted thereunder.
We may also issue additional securities, through public or private offerings, in order to raise capital. Future issuances of our common stock will dilute the percentage of ownership interest of current shareholders and could decrease the per share book value of our common stock. In addition, option holders may exercise their options at a time when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms.
Pursuant to our amended and restated charter, our Board is authorized to classify any unissued shares of stock and reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of stock of any class or series from time to time, into one or more classes or series of stock, including preferred stock. If we issue preferred stock, the preferred stock would rank “senior” to common stock in our capital structure, preferred shareholders would have separate voting rights on certain matters and might have other rights, preferences, or privileges more favorable than those of our common shareholders, and the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in your best interest. We will not generally be able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock if our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests and in the best interests of our shareholders, and our shareholders approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). If we raise additional funds by issuing more common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, then the percentage ownership of our shareholders at that time will decrease, and shareholders may experience dilution.
Our shareholders may experience dilution upon the repurchase of common shares.
The Company has instituted in the past, and may institute in the future, programs that may allow the Company to repurchase the Company’s outstanding common shares on the open market. Under such programs, purchases generally may be made at management’s discretion from time to time in open-market transactions, in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, which may have a dilutive effect on current shareholders. Most recently, on December 17, 2018, the Company announced that its Board approved a share repurchase program under which the Company was able to repurchase up to 300,000 of the Company’s outstanding common shares on the open market. The program terminated on June 18, 2019, was extended on June 21, 2019 and terminated on December 18, 2019.
Dilution may occur under repurchase programs if the Company repurchases shares of its common stock at prices that are below the Company’s net asset value per share. This may cause a proportionately smaller increase in our shareholders' interest in our earnings and assets and their voting interest in us than the decrease in our assets resulting from such repurchase. As a result of any such dilution, our market price per share may decline. The actual dilutive effect will depend on the number of shares of common stock that could be so repurchased, the price and the timing of any repurchases under any such program.
The authorization and issuance of “blank check” preferred shares could have an anti-takeover effect detrimental to the interests of our shareholders.
Our certificate of incorporation allows our Board to issue preferred shares with rights and preferences set by the Board without further shareholder approval. The issuance of these “blank check” preferred shares could have an anti-takeover effect detrimental to the interests of our shareholders. For example, in the event of a hostile takeover attempt, it may be possible for management and the Board to impede the attempt by issuing the preferred shares, thereby diluting or impairing the voting power of the other outstanding common shares and increasing the potential costs to acquire control of us. Our Board has the right to issue any new shares, including preferred shares, without first offering them to the holders of common shares, as they have no preemptive rights. The Company does not currently intend to issue preferred shares.
Our business and operation could be negatively affected if we become subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, which could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of investment strategy and impact our stock price.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Stockholder activism, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing in the BDC space recently. While we are currently not subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, due to the potential volatility of our stock price and for a variety of other reasons, we may in the future become the target of securities litigation or shareholder activism. Securities litigation and shareholder activism, including potential proxy contests, could result in substantial costs and divert management’s and our board of directors’ attention and resources from our business. Additionally, such securities litigation and shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with service providers and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant legal fees and other expenses related to any securities litigation and activist shareholder matters. Further, our stock price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any securities litigation and shareholder activism.
Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and of our charter and bylaws could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
The Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws contain provisions that may discourage, delay or make more difficult a change in control of Newtek or the removal of our directors. We are subject to the Maryland Business Combination Act, subject to any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. Our Board has adopted a resolution exempting from the Business Combination Act any business combination between us and any other person, subject to prior approval of such business combination by our Board, including approval by a majority of our independent directors. If the resolution exempting business combinations is repealed or our Board does not approve a business combination, the Business Combination Act may discourage third parties from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating such an offer. Our bylaws exempt from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act acquisitions of our stock by any person. If we amend our Bylaws to repeal the exemption from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act, the Maryland Control Shares Acquisition Act may make it more difficult for a third party to obtain control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating such a transaction.
The SEC staff has rescinded its position that, under the 1940 Act, an investment company may not avail itself of the Maryland Control Share Act. As a result, we may amend our bylaws to be subject to the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act only if our Board determines that it would be in our best interest.
We have also adopted measures that may make it difficult for a third party to obtain control of us, including provisions of our charter classifying our Board in three classes serving staggered three-year terms and authorizing our Board to classify or reclassify shares of our stock in one or more classes or series, to cause the issuance of additional shares of our stock, to amend our charter without shareholder approval and to increase or decrease the number of shares of stock that we have authority to issue. These provisions, as well as other provisions of our charter and bylaws, may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
All of the common stock held by our executive officers and directors, represents approximately 1,367,000 shares, or approximately 6% of our total outstanding shares as of December 31, 2021. Such shares are generally freely tradable in the public market. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the availability of such common stock for sale, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for our common stock. If this occurs and continues, it could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities should we desire to do so.
If we issue preferred stock, the net asset value and market value of our common stock will likely become more volatile.
We cannot assure you that the issuance of preferred stock would result in a higher yield or return to the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock would likely cause the net asset value and market value of the common stock to become more volatile. If the dividend rate on the preferred stock were to approach the net rate of return on our investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the holders of the common stock would be reduced. If the dividend rate on the preferred stock were to exceed the net rate of return on our portfolio, the leverage would result in a lower rate of return to the holders of common stock than if we had not issued preferred stock. Any decline in the net asset value of our investments would be borne entirely by the holders of common stock. Therefore, if the market value of our portfolio were to decline, the leverage would result in a greater decrease in net asset value to the holders of common stock than if we were not leveraged through the issuance of preferred stock. This greater net asset value decrease would also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common stock. We might be in danger of failing to maintain the required asset coverage of the preferred stock or of losing our ratings, if any, on the preferred stock or, in an extreme case, our current investment income might not be sufficient to meet the dividend requirements on the preferred stock. To counteract such an event, we might need to liquidate investments to fund a redemption of some or all of the preferred stock. In addition, we would pay (and the holders of common stock would bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and ongoing maintenance of the preferred stock, including higher advisory fees if our total return exceeds the dividend rate on the preferred stock. Holders of preferred stock may have different interests than holders of common stock and may at times have disproportionate influence over our affairs.
Stockholders may incur dilution if we sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings at prices below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of our common stock.
The 1940 Act prohibits us from selling shares of our common stock at a price below the current net asset value per share of such stock, with certain exceptions. One such exception is prior shareholder approval of issuances below net asset value provided that our Board makes certain determinations. At an August 3, 2021 special meeting of shareholders, our shareholders authorized us to sell shares of our common stock until the earlier of our 2022 annual meeting of shareholders or August 2, 2022, at a price below its then current net asset value per share subject to certain conditions (including that the cumulative number of shares sold does not exceed 20% of its then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale). Any decision to sell shares of our common stock below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock or securities to subscribe to, convert to, or purchase shares of our common stock would be subject to the determination by our Board that such issuance is in our and our shareholders’ best interests.
If we were to sell shares of our common stock below net asset value per share, such sales would result in an immediate dilution to the net asset value per share. This dilution would occur as a result of the sale of shares at a price below the then current net asset value per share of our common stock and a proportionately greater decrease in a shareholder’s interest in our earnings and assets and voting interest in us than the increase in our assets resulting from such issuance. In addition, if we issue securities to subscribe to, convert to or purchase shares of common stock, the exercise or conversion of such securities would increase the number of outstanding shares of our common stock. Any such exercise would be dilutive on the voting power of existing
shareholders, and could be dilutive with regard to dividends and our net asset value, and other economic aspects of the common stock. Because the number of shares of common stock that could be so issued and the timing of any issuance is not currently known, the actual dilutive effect cannot be predicted; however, the example below illustrates the effect of dilution to existing shareholders resulting from the sale of common stock at prices below the net asset value of such shares.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR NOTES
The 2024 Notes, the 2025 Notes and the 2026 Notes, together, the “Notes,” are unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we have outstanding or may incur in the future.
In July 2019, February 2021 and May 2021, we issued $63.25 million, $5.0 million and $10.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes, respectively. In December 2021, we redeemed $40.0 million in aggregate principal of the 2024 Notes. In January 2021, we issued $115.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes. In November 2020, we issued $5.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes and in January 2021 we issued an additional $10.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. The Notes are not secured by any of our assets or any of the assets of our subsidiaries. As a result, the Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we or our subsidiaries have outstanding or may incur in the future (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant security). In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness and the existing or future secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes.
The Notes are structurally subordinated to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.
The Notes are obligations exclusively of the Company and not of any of our subsidiaries. None of our subsidiaries is a guarantor of the Notes and the Notes are not required to be guaranteed by any subsidiaries we may acquire or create in the future. Any assets of our subsidiaries will not be directly available to satisfy the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes.
Except to the extent we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, all claims of creditors (including trade creditors) and holders of preferred stock, if any, of our subsidiaries will have priority over our equity interests in such subsidiaries (and therefore the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes) with respect to the assets of such subsidiaries. Even if we are recognized as a creditor of one or more of our subsidiaries, our claims would still be effectively subordinated to any security interests in the assets of any such subsidiary and to any indebtedness or other liabilities of any such subsidiary senior to our claims. Consequently, the Notes are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of any of our subsidiaries and any subsidiaries that we may in the future acquire or establish as financing vehicles or otherwise.
The indenture under which the Notes were issued contains limited protection for holders of the Notes.
The indentures under which the Notes were issued offers limited protection to holders of the Notes. The terms of the indentures and the Notes do not restrict our or any of our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in, or otherwise be a party to, a variety of corporate transactions, circumstances or events that could have a material adverse impact on your investment in the Notes. In particular, the terms of the indentures and the Notes do not place any restrictions on our or our subsidiaries’ ability to:
•issue securities or otherwise incur additional indebtedness or other obligations, including (1) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be equal in right of payment to the Notes, (2) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be secured and therefore rank effectively senior in right of payment to the Notes, (3) indebtedness of ours that is guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries and which therefore is structurally senior to the Notes and (4) securities, indebtedness or obligations issued or incurred by our subsidiaries that would be senior to our equity interests in our subsidiaries and therefore rank structurally senior to the Notes with respect to the assets of our subsidiaries, in each case other than an incurrence of indebtedness or other obligation that would cause a violation of Section 18(a)(1)(A) as modified by Section 61(a)(1) of the 1940 Act or any successor provisions, but giving effect to any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC. Currently, these provisions generally prohibit us from making additional borrowings, including through the issuance of additional debt or the sale of additional debt securities, unless our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% after such borrowings;
•pay dividends on, or purchase or redeem or make any payments in respect of, capital stock or other securities ranking junior in right of payment to the Notes, including subordinated indebtedness, in each case other than dividends, purchases, redemptions or payments that would cause a violation of Section 18(a)(1)(B) as modified by Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act, or any successor provisions, giving effect to (i) any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC and (ii) no-action relief granted by the SEC to another BDC (or to the Company if it determines to seek such similar no-action or other relief) permitting the BDC to declare any cash dividend or distribution notwithstanding the prohibition contained in Section 18(a)(1)(B) as modified by Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act in order to maintain the BDC’s status as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code (these provisions generally prohibit us from declaring any cash dividend or distribution upon any class of our capital stock, or purchasing any such capital stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is below 150% at the time of the declaration of the dividend or distribution or the purchase and after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase);
•sell assets (other than certain limited restrictions on our ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets);
•enter into transactions with affiliates;
•create liens (including liens on the shares of our subsidiaries) or enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
•make investments; or
•create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our subsidiaries.
In addition, the indentures do not require us to offer to purchase the Notes in connection with a change of control, asset sale or any other event. Furthermore, the terms of the indentures and the Notes do not protect holders of the Notes in the event that we experience changes (including significant adverse changes) in our financial condition, results of operations or credit ratings, as they do not require that we or our subsidiaries adhere to any financial tests or ratios or specified levels of net worth, revenues, income, cash flow or liquidity. Our ability to recapitalize, incur additional debt and take a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the Notes may have important consequences for holders of the Notes, including making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Notes or negatively affecting the trading value of the Notes.
Other debt we issue or incur in the future could contain more protections for its holders than the indentures and the Notes, including additional covenants and events of default. The issuance or incurrence of any such debt with incremental protections could affect the market for and trading levels and prices of the Notes.
If we default on our obligations to pay other indebtedness that we may incur in the future, we may not be able to make payments on the Notes.
In the future, we may enter into agreements to incur additional indebtedness, including a secured credit facility. A default under such agreements to which we may be a party that is not waived by the required lenders or holders, and the remedies sought by the holders of such indebtedness could make us unable to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes and substantially decrease the market value of the Notes. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow and are otherwise unable to obtain funds necessary to meet required payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on such future additional indebtedness, or if we otherwise fail to comply with the various covenants, including financial and operating covenants, in the instruments governing such future additional indebtedness, we could be in default under the terms of the agreements governing such indebtedness. In the event of such default, the holders of such indebtedness could elect to declare all the funds borrowed thereunder to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest, the lenders of other debt we may incur in the future could elect to terminate their commitments, cease making further loans and institute foreclosure proceedings against our assets, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. If we are unable to repay debt, lenders having secured obligations could proceed against the collateral securing the debt. Because any future credit facilities likely will have customary cross-default provisions, if the indebtedness under any future credit facility is accelerated, we may be unable to repay or finance the amounts due.
We may choose to redeem the Notes when prevailing interest rates are relatively low.
We may choose to redeem the remaining 2024 Notes outstanding and 2026 Notes, especially if prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rates on the 2024 Notes or 2026 Notes. In addition, we may choose to redeem the 2025 Notes at any time at our option. If prevailing rates are lower at the time of redemption, holders of the Notes may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as the interest rate on the Notes being redeemed. Our redemption right also may adversely impact your ability to sell the Notes as the optional redemption date or period approaches.
On March 22, 2018, the Company redeemed all $40.25 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2021 Notes on the redemption date at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from December 31, 2017, through, but excluding, the Redemption Date.
On August 29, 2019, the Company redeemed all $8.324 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes on the redemption date at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from July 1, 2019, through, but excluding, the redemption date.
On February 22, 2021, the Company redeemed all $57.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes on the redemption date at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from December 31, 2020 through, but excluding, the redemption date.
On December 29, 2021, the Company partially redeemed $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the $78.25 million of 2024 Notes outstanding at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from November 1, 2021 through, but excluding, the redemption date.
The trading market or market value of our publicly traded debt securities may fluctuate.
The 2024 and 2026 Notes are new issues of debt securities listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbols “NEWTL” and “NEWTZ,” respectively. Although the Notes are listed on Nasdaq, we cannot assure you that a trading market for our publicly issued debt securities will be maintained. In addition to our creditworthiness, many factors may materially adversely affect the trading market for, and market value of, our publicly issued debt securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•the time remaining to the maturity of these debt instruments;
•the outstanding principal amount of debt securities with terms identical to these debt securities;
•the ratings assigned by the national statistical rating agencies;
•the general economic environment;
•the supply of debt securities trading in the secondary market, if any;
•the level, direction and volatility of market interest rates generally; and
•market rates of interest higher or lower than rates borne by the debt securities.
You should be aware that there may be a limited number of buyers should holders of the Notes decide to sell the securities. This too may materially adversely affect the market value of the debt securities of the trading market for the debt securities.
RISKS RELATED TO CYBERSECURITY
We could be adversely affected by information security breaches or cyber security attacks.
Our business operations and our portfolio companies’ business operations rely upon secure information technology systems for data processing, storage and reporting. Despite security and controls design, implementation and updating, such information technology systems could become subject to cyber-attacks. Network, system, application and data breaches could result in operational disruptions or information misappropriation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, our business operations and our portfolio companies’ business operations involve the storage and transmission of Newtek, portfolio company, customer and employee proprietary information. Our businesses rely on our digital technologies, computer and email systems, software, and networks to conduct operations. Our technologies, systems and networks may become the target of criminal cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of confidential, proprietary and other information of us, our portfolio companies, or third parties with whom we and our portfolio companies deal, or otherwise disrupt our or our customers’ or other third parties’ business operations. It is critical to our business strategy that our facilities and infrastructure remain secure and are perceived by the marketplace to be secure. Although we believe we and our IT providers employ appropriate security technologies (including data encryption processes, intrusion detection systems), and conduct comprehensive risk assessments and other internal control procedures to assure the security of our and our customers’ data, we cannot guarantee that these measures will be sufficient for this purpose. If our and our IT provider’s security measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error or otherwise, and as a result our or our customers’ data becomes available to unauthorized parties, we could incur liability and our reputation would be damaged, which could lead to the loss of current and potential customers. If we experience any breaches of our network security or sabotage, we might be required to expend significant capital and other resources to detect, remedy, protect against or alleviate these and related problems, and we may not be able to remedy these problems in a timely manner, or at all. Because techniques used by outsiders to obtain unauthorized network access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. For example, in early 2018, an unauthorized third-party misappropriated three of NTS’ domain names. NTS’ management and forensic investigators determined that attackers compromised a portion of NTS’ shared webhosting system, and may have acquired certain customer information limited to its shared webhosting customers, and/or gained access to certain of its shared webhosting servers. In response, NTS has taken a range of steps designed to further secure its systems, enhance its security protections, enhance access controls, and prevent future unauthorized activity.
As cyber threats continue to evolve, we and our portfolio companies may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. Although we have insurance in place that covers such incidents, the cost of a breach or cyber-attack could well exceed any such insurance coverage.
The failure in cyber-security systems, as well as the occurrence of events unanticipated in our disaster recovery systems and management continuity planning could impair our ability to conduct business effectively.
The occurrence of a disaster, such as a cyber-attack against us or against a third-party that has access to our data or networks, a natural catastrophe, an industrial accident, failure of our disaster recovery systems, or consequential employee error, could have an adverse effect on our ability to communicate or conduct business, negatively impacting our operations and financial condition. This adverse effect can become particularly acute if those events affect our electronic data processing, transmission, storage, and retrieval systems, or impact the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of our data.
We and our portfolio companies depend heavily upon computer systems to perform necessary business functions. Despite our implementation of a variety of security measures, our computer systems, networks, and data, like those of other companies, could be subject to cyber-attacks and unauthorized access, use, alteration, or destruction, such as from physical and electronic break-ins or unauthorized tampering. If one or more of these events occurs, it could potentially jeopardize the confidential, proprietary, and other information processed, stored in, and transmitted through our computer systems and networks. Such an attack could cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations, which could result in financial losses, litigation, regulatory penalties, client dissatisfaction or loss, reputational damage, and increased costs associated with mitigation of damages and remediation. If unauthorized parties gain access to such information and technology systems, they may be able to steal, publish, delete or modify private and sensitive information, including nonpublic personal information related to stockholders (and their beneficial owners) and material nonpublic information. The systems we have implemented to manage risks relating to these types of events could prove to be inadequate and, if compromised, could become inoperable for extended periods of time, cease to function properly or fail to adequately secure private information. Breaches such as those involving covertly introduced malware, impersonation of authorized users and industrial or other espionage may not be identified even with sophisticated prevention and detection systems, potentially resulting in further harm and preventing them from being addressed appropriately. The failure of these systems or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in our and our portfolio companies’ operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to stockholders, material nonpublic information and other sensitive information in our possession.
A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our business, including a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, or directly affecting our headquarters, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Our disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm that may result from such a disaster or disruption. In addition, insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses, if at all.
Third parties with which we do business may also be sources of cybersecurity or other technological risk. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the storage and processing of our information, as well as client, counterparty, employee, and borrower information. While we engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure, destruction, or other cybersecurity incident that affects our data, resulting in increased costs and other consequences as described above.
In addition, cybersecurity has become a top priority for regulators around the world, and some jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data. If we fail to comply with the relevant laws and regulations, we could suffer financial losses, a disruption of our businesses, liability to investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage.
We and our service providers continue to be impacted by government actions in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, which are obstructing the regular functioning of business workforces (including requiring employees to work from external locations and their homes). Policies of extended periods of remote working, whether by us or by our service providers, could strain technology resources, introduce operational risks and otherwise heighten the risks described above. Remote working environments may be less secure and more susceptible to hacking attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts that seek to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the risks described above are heightened under current conditions.
We and our portfolio companies are subject to risks associated with “phishing” and other cyber-attack.
Our business and the business of our portfolio companies relies upon secure information technology systems for data processing, storage and reporting. Despite careful security and controls design, implementation and updating, ours and our portfolio companies’ information technology systems could become subject to cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking”, malicious software coding, social engineering or “phishing” attempts) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Our employees have been and expect to continue to be the target of fraudulent calls, emails and other forms of activities. The result of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen information, misappropriation of assets, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our business relationships, regulatory fines or penalties, or other adverse effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks related to cyber-attacks.
Our and our service providers’ increased use of mobile and cloud technologies could heighten the risk of a cyber-attack as well as other operational risks, as certain aspects of the security of such technologies may be complex, unpredictable or beyond their control. Our and other service providers’ reliance on mobile or cloud technology or any failure by mobile technology and cloud service providers to adequately safeguard their systems and prevent cyber-attacks could disrupt their operations and result in misappropriation, corruption or loss of personal, confidential or proprietary information. In addition, there is a risk that encryption and other protective measures against cyber-attacks may be circumvented, particularly to the extent that new computing technologies increase the speed and computing power available.
Additionally, remote working environments may be less secure and more susceptible to cyber-attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts that seek to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the risks associated with cyber-attacks are heightened under current conditions.
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results.
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly and annual operating results due to a number of factors, including our ability or inability to make investments in companies that meet our investment criteria, the interest rate payable on the debt securities we acquire, the default rate of such securities, the level of portfolio dividend and fee income, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. As a result of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.
Government intervention in the credit markets could adversely affect our business.
The central banks and, in particular, the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken unprecedented steps since the financial crises of 2008-2009 and the COVID-19 global pandemic. It is impossible to predict if, how, and to what extent the United States and other governments would further intervene in the credit markets. Such intervention is often prompted by politically sensitive issues involving family homes, student loans, real estate speculation, credit card receivables, pandemics, etc., and could, as a result, be contrary to what we would predict from an “economically rational” perspective.
On the other hand, recent governmental intervention could mean that the willingness of governmental bodies to take additional extraordinary action is diminished. As a result, in the event of near-term major market disruptions, like those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, there might be only limited additional government intervention, resulting in correspondingly greater market dislocation and materially greater market risk.
Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
We and our portfolio companies are subject to regulation by laws at the local, state, and federal levels. These laws and regulations, as well as their interpretation, could change from time to time, including as the result of interpretive guidance or other directives from the U.S. President and others in the executive branch, and new laws, regulations and interpretations could also come into effect. For example, the current U.S. presidential administration could support an enhanced regulatory agenda that imposes greater costs on all sectors and on financial services companies in particular. Any such new or changed laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, and political uncertainty could increase regulatory uncertainty in the near term.
Changes to the laws and regulations governing our permitted investments may require a change to our investment strategy. Such changes could differ materially from our strategies and plans as set forth in this report and may shift our investment focus from the areas of expertise of our Adviser. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment in us.
Terrorist attacks, acts of war, global health emergencies, or natural disasters may affect any market for our securities, impact the businesses in which we invest and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Terrorist acts, acts of war, global health emergencies or natural disasters may disrupt our operations, as well as the operations of the businesses in which we invest. Such acts have created, and continue to create, economic and political uncertainties and have contributed to global economic instability. Future terrorist activities, military or security operations, global health emergencies or natural disasters could further weaken the domestic/global economies and create additional uncertainties, which may negatively impact the businesses in which we invest directly or indirectly and, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Losses from terrorist attacks, global health emergencies and natural disasters are generally uninsurable.
We are highly dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect the market price of our securities and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Our business is highly dependent on our communications and information systems. Certain of these systems are provided to us by third-party service providers. Any failure or interruption of such systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any such third party service provider, could cause delays or other problems in our activities. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and negatively affect the market price of our securities and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility.
Our business faces increasing public scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) activities. We risk damage to our brand and reputation if we fail to act responsibly in a number of areas, such as environmental stewardship, corporate governance and transparency and considering ESG factors in our investment processes. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG activities could impact the value of our brand, the cost of our operations and relationships with investors, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, new regulatory initiatives related to ESG could adversely affect our business.
The effect of global climate change may impact the operations of our portfolio companies.
There may be evidence of global climate change. Climate change creates physical and financial risk and some of our portfolio companies may be adversely affected by climate change. For example, the needs of customers of energy companies vary with weather conditions, primarily temperature and humidity. To the extent weather conditions are affected by climate change, energy use could increase or decrease depending on the duration and magnitude of any changes. Increases in the cost of energy could adversely affect the cost of operations of our portfolio companies if the use of energy products or services is material to their business. A decrease in energy use due to weather changes may affect some of our portfolio companies’ financial condition, through decreased revenues. Extreme weather conditions in general require more system backup, adding to costs, and can contribute to increased system stresses, including service interruptions.
In December 2015 the United Nations, of which the U.S. is a member, adopted a climate accord (the "Paris Agreement") with the long-term goal of limiting global warming and the short-term goal of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. On November 4, 2016, the past administration announced that the U.S. would cease participation in the Paris Agreement with the withdrawal taking effect on November 4, 2020. However, on January 20, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden signed an executive order to rejoin the Paris Agreement. As a result, some of our portfolio companies may become subject to new or strengthened regulations or legislation, which could increase their operating costs and/or decrease their revenues.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
We conduct our principal business activities in facilities leased from unrelated parties at market rates. Our headquarters are located in Boca Raton, Florida. Our operating subsidiaries have properties which are material to the conduct of their business as noted below. In addition, our Capcos maintain offices in each of the states in which they operate.
Below is a list of our leased offices and space as of December 31, 2021 which are material to the conduct of our business:
Location Lease expiration Purpose Approximate square feet
4800 T Rex Avenue
Boca Raton, FL 33431 April 2026 Corporate headquarters and NSBF lending operations 7,800
1981 Marcus Avenue
Lake Success, NY 11042 April 2027 Lending operations, corporate operations, NY Capco offices and certain controlled portfolio companies’ offices 44,800
1985 Marcus Avenue
Lake Success, NY 11042 April 2027 Lending operations and certain controlled portfolio companies’ offices 7,300
14 East Washington Street
Orlando, FL 32801 August 2022 NSBF lending operations and certain controlled portfolio companies’ offices 1,700

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its wholly-owned portfolio companies may from time to time be party to lawsuits and claims. The Company evaluates such matters on a case by case basis and its policy is to contest vigorously any claims it believes are without compelling merit. The Company is not currently involved in any litigation matters that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition. For legal proceedings involving controlled portfolio companies, refer to Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
For example, the Company closed on its $5.4 million investment in BSP in June 2016. Subsequently, as previously disclosed, the Company invested $1.7 million in additional capital and recorded $7.1 million in unrealized losses on the BSP investment to write down the fair value of the investment to $0.0 by June 30, 2019. The BSP investment resulted in protracted litigation with Kerri Agee, the former owner and President of BSP, who filed for bankruptcy and was indicted in 2019 for, and convicted in 2021 of, defrauding the SBA. The Agee litigation concluded with Holdco 5 obtaining a nondischargeable judgment against Agee in the amount of $6.2 million in January 2022. Holdco 5 intends to vigorously pursue all of its rights relating to this matter, though there can be no assurances of the possibility of recovering some or substantially all of the assets referred to in the judgement. HoldCo 5 has not recorded any gain contingency relating to this litigation.
In addition, as a result of a litigation brought by the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) in October 2012, NMS voluntarily entered into, and is presently operating under, a permanent injunction with respect to certain of its business practices.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
None.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Price Range of Common Stock
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NEWT.” High and low prices for the common stock over the previous two years are set forth below, based on the highest and lowest intraday sales price per share during that period.
Price Range NAV1
Premium of High Sales Price to NAV2
Premium of Low Sales Price to NAV2
High Low
First Quarter $23.09 $7.59 $15.00 54% (49)%
Second Quarter $18.84 $9.03 $15.66 20% (42)%
Third Quarter $20.50 $16.73 $15.13 35% 11%
Fourth Quarter $19.82 $16.24 $15.45 28% 5%
First Quarter $28.63 $18.77 $16.28 76% 15%
Second Quarter $38.78 $26.41 $16.38 137% 61%
Third Quarter $36.41 $24.07 $16.23 124% 48%
Fourth Quarter $32.38 $25.63 $16.72 94% 53%
(1) Net asset value per share is determined as of the last day in the relevant quarter and therefore may not reflect the net asset value per share on the date of the high and low sales prices. The values reflect net asset value per share and are based on outstanding shares at the end of each period.
(2) Calculated as the respective high or low sales price divided by net asset value and subtracting 1.
The last reported price for our common stock on February 28, 2022 was $27.29 per share.
Shares of BDCs may trade at a market price that is less than the value of the net assets attributable to those shares. The possibility that our shares of common stock will trade at a discount from net asset value or at premiums that are unsustainable over the long term are separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value will decrease. It is not possible to predict whether our shares will trade at, above, or below net asset value. Since our conversion to a BDC, our shares of common stock have traded at prices both less than and exceeding our NAV per share.
Holders
As of February 28, 2022, there were approximately 91 holders of record of our common stock.
Fees and Expenses
The following table is intended to assist stockholders in understanding the costs and expenses that stockholders will bear directly or indirectly. We caution you that many of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this Annual Report contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “you,” “us” or “Newtek,” or that “we” will pay fees or expenses, the Company will pay such fees and expenses out of its net assets and, consequently, stockholders will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as an investor in Newtek Business Services Corp. However stockholders will not be required to deliver any money or otherwise bear personal liability or responsibility for such fees or expenses.
Stockholder transaction expenses:
Sales load (as a percentage of offering price)1
- %
Offering expenses borne by the Company (as a percentage of offering price)2
- %
Dividend reinvestment plan fees3
$ 15.00
Total stockholder transaction expenses (as a percentage of offering price)4
- %
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common stock)5:
Operating expenses6
15.40 %
Interest payments on borrowed funds7
5.08 %
Other expenses8
0.02 %
Acquired funds fees and expenses9
- %
Total annual expenses10
20.50 %
(1) In the event that the securities applicable to a prospectus relates to shares that are sold to or through underwriters, a corresponding prospectus supplement will disclose the applicable sales load and the example will be updated accordingly.
(2) A prospectus supplement corresponding to each offering will disclose the applicable estimated amounts of offering expenses of the offering and offering expenses borne by the Company as a percentage of the offering price.
(3) The expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan are included in “other expenses.” The plan administrator’s fees will be paid by the Company. There will be no brokerage charges or other charges to stockholders who participate in the plan except that, if a participant elects by written notice to the plan administrator to have the plan administrator sell part or all of the shares held by the plan administrator in the participant’s account and remit the proceeds to the participant, the plan administrator is authorized to deduct a $15.00 transaction fee plus a $0.10 per share brokerage commission from the proceeds.
(4) Total stockholder transaction expenses may include sales load and will be disclosed in a future prospectus supplement, if any.
(5) The annualized expenses are based on the Company’s expenses and net asset value for the year ended December 31, 2021 and as of December 31, 2021.
(6) “Operating expenses” represents an estimate of the Company’s annual operating expense. The Company does not have an investment advisor. We are internally managed by our executive officers under the supervision of our Board. As a result, we do not pay investment advisory fees. Instead we pay the operating costs associated with employing investment management professionals.
(7) The Company may borrow funds from time to time to make investments to the extent that the economic situation is conducive to doing so. “Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds” represents estimated interest and fee payments on borrowed funds by estimating our annualized interest, fees and other debt-related expenses incurred for the year ended December 31, 2021, including our bank notes payable, 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, Notes payable - related party and securitization notes payable.
(8) “Other expenses” consist of estimated transfer agent expenses related to our dividend reinvestment plan.
(9) We have no current intention to invest in the securities of other investment companies. However, we are permitted to make such investments in limited circumstances under the 1940 Act. If we were to make such investments, we would incur fees and our stockholders would pay two levels of fees. As we have no current expectation of making any such investments, any estimate of the amount of such fees would be highly speculative.
(10) The holders of shares of our common stock indirectly bear the cost associated with our annual expenses.
Example
The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that our annual operating expenses would remain at the levels set forth in the table above.
1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
A stockholder would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return $ 215 $ 679 $ 1,190 $ 2,708
The example and the expenses in the tables above should not be considered a representation of our future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. While the example assumes, as required by the SEC, a 5% annual return, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5%. Further, while the example assumes reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value, participants in our dividend reinvestment plan will receive a number of shares of our common stock, generally determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to a participant by the market price per share of our common stock at the close of trading on the dividend payment date, which may be at, above or below net asset value.
Sales of Unregistered Securities
We issue shares of common stock that are not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act in connection with the DRIP. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 we issued 72,200 and 50,900 shares of common stock, respectively, valued at $1.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively to shareholders in connection with the DRIP.
We also issue shares of common stock that are not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act in connection with dividends on unvested restricted stock awards. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 we issued an additional 19,200 and 12,400 shares, respectively, valued at $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, related to dividends on unvested restricted stock awards.
Distributions
In order to be subject to tax as a RIC, we must timely distribute to our shareholders, in respect of each taxable year, dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes of an amount generally at least equal to the Annual Distribution Requirement. Upon satisfying this requirement in respect of a taxable year, we generally will not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any income we distribute to our shareholders as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
However, as a RIC we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income and gains unless we make distributions treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a timely manner to our shareholders in respect of each calendar year of an amount at least equal to the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement. We will not be subject to this excise tax on any amount on which we incurred U.S. federal corporate income tax (such as the tax imposed on a RIC’s retained net capital gains).
Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a taxable year, we may choose to carry over taxable income in excess of current taxable year distributions treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes from such taxable income into the next taxable year and incur a 4% U.S. federal excise tax on such taxable income, as required. The maximum amount of excess taxable income that may be carried over for distribution in the next taxable year under the Code is the total amount of distributions treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes paid in the following taxable year, subject to certain declaration and payment guidelines. To the extent we choose to carry over taxable income into the next taxable year, distributions declared and paid by us in a taxable year may differ from our taxable income for that taxable year as such distributions may include the distribution of current taxable year taxable income, the distribution of prior taxable year taxable income carried over into and distributed in the current taxable year, or returns of capital.
We can offer no assurance that we will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions and, if we issue senior securities, we will be prohibited from making distributions if doing so causes us to fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios stipulated by the 1940 Act or if distributions are limited by the terms of any of our borrowings. Our ability to make distributions will be limited by the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act. See “Item 1. Business- Regulation.”
The following table summarizes our dividend declarations and distributions through December 31, 2021:
Record Date Payment Date Distribution Declared
March 30, 2015 April 13, 2015 $ 0.39
June 29, 2015 July 15, 2015 $ 0.47
October 22, 2015 November 3, 2015 $ 0.50
November 18, 2015(1)
December 31, 2015 $ 2.69
January 7, 2016 January 19, 2016 $ 0.40
March 22, 2016 March 31, 2016 $ 0.35
June 20, 2016 June 30, 2016 $ 0.35
September 20, 2016 September 30, 2016 $ 0.43
December 15, 2016 December 30, 2016 $ 0.40
March 20, 2017 March 31, 2017 $ 0.36
May 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 $ 0.40
September 22, 2017 September 29, 2017 $ 0.44
December 18, 2017 December 28, 2017 $ 0.44
March 20, 2018 March 30, 2018 $ 0.40
June 15, 2018 June 29, 2018 $ 0.42
September 17, 2018 September 28, 2018 $ 0.48
December 18, 2018 December 28, 2018 $ 0.50
March 15, 2019 March 29, 2019 $ 0.40
June 14, 2019 June 28, 2019 $ 0.46
September 20, 2019 September 30, 2019 $ 0.58
December 16, 2019 December 30, 2019 $ 0.71
March 18, 2020 March 31, 2020 $ 0.44
July 15, 2020 July 31, 2020 $ 0.56
September 21, 2020 September 30, 2020 $ 0.58
December 18, 2020 December 30, 2020 $ 0.47
March 22, 2021 March 31, 2021 $ 0.50
June 15, 2021 June 30, 2021 $ 0.70
September 20, 2021 September 30, 2021 $ 0.90
December 20, 2021 December 30, 2021 $ 1.05
$ 16.77
(1) The Special dividend was declared as a result of the Company’s RIC election for tax year 2015 and represents the distribution of 100% of the Company’s accumulated earnings and profits through December 31, 2014. Pursuant to applicable Treasury Regulation and IRS guidance, 27% of the dividend was paid in cash and 73% was paid in newly issued shares of our common stock.
Our Board maintains a variable distribution policy with the objective of distributing four quarterly distributions in an amount that approximates 90 - 100% of our estimated annual taxable income for a particular taxable year. In addition, at the end of our taxable year, our Board may choose to pay an additional special distribution, or fifth distribution, so that we may distribute approximately all of our annual taxable income in the taxable year in which it was earned, or may elect to maintain the option to spill over our excess taxable income into the following taxable year as part of any future distribution payments.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would generally be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in our shares, and any distributions paid in excess of a shareholder’s tax basis in our shares would generally be treated as a capital gain. The determination of the tax attributes of our distributions is made annually as of the end of our taxable year and is generally based upon our taxable income for the full taxable year and distributions paid for the full taxable year. Of the distributions declared during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, 100% were distributions derived from our current and accumulated earnings and profits and capital gains, see NOTE 18-INCOME TAXES. There can be no certainty to shareholders that this determination is representative of the tax attributes of the 2022 distributions that we anticipate would be made to shareholders.
We maintain an “opt-out” dividend reinvestment plan for our common shareholders. As a result, if we declare a distribution, cash distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock unless the shareholder specifically “opts out” of the dividend reinvestment plan and chooses to receive cash distributions. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we issued 72,200 and 50,900 shares, respectively, of common stock to shareholders in connection with the DRIP.
The Company has a stock-based compensation plan as discussed in NOTE 12-STOCK BASED COMPENSATION. Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2021:
Plan Category (a)
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b)
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (c)
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders None None 2,562,218 shares
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders None None None
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares the return on our common stock with that of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index, the NASDAQ Composite Index, the Russell 2000, and S&P Small Cap 600 for the period from December 31, 2016 through December 31, 2021. The graph assumes that, on January 1, 2017, a person invested $100 in each of our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite, S&P 500 Index, Russell 2000 and S&P Small Cap 600. The graph measures total shareholder return, which takes into account both changes in stock price and dividends. It assumes that dividends paid are invested in like securities.
Senior Securities
Information about our senior securities is shown in the following table as of the end of each fiscal year for the past ten years. The information as of December 31, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, and 2012 has been derived from Newtek Business Services Corp. and Subsidiaries’, and Newtek Business Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries’, consolidated financial statements, which have been audited by independent registered public accounting firms. Information as of December 31, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, and 2013 was audited by RSM US LLP and information as of December 31, 2012 was audited by our previous independent registered public accounting firm. RSM US LLP’s report on the senior securities table as of December 31, 2021 is attached as an exhibit to this Annual Report.
Class and Year Total Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Treasury Securities (1)
(in thousands)
Asset Coverage Ratio Per Unit (2)
Involuntary Liquidation Preference Per Unit (3)
Average Market Value Per Unit (4)
Securitization Trust
December 31, 2021 $ 249,750 $ 3,537 $ - $ N/A
2020 221,752 3,595 - N/A
2019 276,637 2,754 - N/A
2018 220,137 2,839 - N/A
2017 165,432 3,018 - N/A
2016 120,945 3,184 - N/A
2015 91,745 3,692 - N/A
2014 79,520 3,634 - N/A
2013 60,140 2,966 - N/A
2012 22,039 5,933 - N/A
Bank Notes Payable
December 31, 2021 50,000 17,667 - N/A
2020 86,339 9,234 - N/A
2019 30,000 25,392 - N/A
2018 34,700 18,010 - N/A
2017 - - - N/A
2016 5,100 75,512 - N/A
2015 29,100 11,641 - N/A
2014 43,023 6,716 - N/A
2013 41,218 4,327 - N/A
2012 39,823 3,284 - N/A
Notes Payable Related Parties
December 31, 2021 11,450 77,147 - N/A
2020 24,090 33,096 - N/A
2019 12,163 62,633 - N/A
2018 16,840 37,111 - N/A
2017 7,001 71,324 - N/A
2016 1,400 275,081 - N/A
2015 5,647 59,990 - N/A
2014 - - - N/A
2013 - - - N/A
2012 - - - N/A
Notes due 2026
December 31, 2021 115,000 7,681 - 1,035
2020 - - - -
2019 - - - -
2018 - - - -
2017 - - - -
2016 - - - -
2015 - - - -
2014 - - - -
2013 - - - -
2012 - - - -
Notes due 2025
December 31, 2021 15,000 58,889 - N/A
2020 5,000 159,457 - N/A
2019 - - - N/A
2018 - - - N/A
2017 - - - N/A
2016 - - - N/A
2015 - - - N/A
2014 - - - N/A
2013 - - - N/A
2012 - - - N/A
Notes due 2024 (5)
December 31, 2021 38,250 23,094 - 1,014
2020 63,250 12,605 - 963
2019 63,250 12,044 - 1,009
2018 - - - N/A
2017 - - - N/A
2016 - - - N/A
2015 - - - N/A
2014 - - - N/A
2013 - - - N/A
2012 - - - N/A
Notes due 2023 (6)
December 31, 2021 - - - -
2020 57,500 13,866 - 983
2019 57,500 13,248 - 1,027
2018 57,500 10,869 - 1,023
2017 - - - N/A
2016 - - - N/A
2015 - - - N/A
2014 - - - N/A
2013 - - - N/A
2012 - - - N/A
Notes due 2022 (7)
December 31, 2021 - - - N/A
2020 - - - N/A
2019 - - - N/A
2018 8,324 75,078 - 968
2017 8,324 59,988 - 1,018
2016 8,324 46,265 - 969
2015 8,324 40,697 - 1,025
2014 - - - N/A
2013 - - - N/A
2012 - - - N/A
Notes due 2021 (8)
December 31, 2021 - - - N/A
2020 - - - N/A
2019 - - - N/A
2018 - - - N/A
2017 40,250 12,406 - 1,019
2016 40,250 9,568 - 972
2015 - - - N/A
2014 - - - N/A
2013 - - - N/A
2012 - - - N/A
(1) Total amount of each class of senior securities outstanding at the end of the period presented.
(2) Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the carrying value of our total consolidated assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness.
(3) The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon the involuntary liquidation of the issuer in preference to any security junior to it. The “-” indicates information that the SEC expressly does not require to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities.
(4) Not applicable for senior securities that are not registered for public trading. The average market values per unit for our 2026 Notes, 2024 Notes, 2023 Notes, 2022 Notes, and for our 2021 Notes are based on the average daily prices of such notes and are expressed per $1,000 of indebtedness.
(5) On February 16, 2021 and May 20, 2021, the Company issued an additional $5.0 million and $10.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 2024 Notes, respectively. The Company partially redeemed $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes on December 29, 2021.
(6) The Company redeemed all $57.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes on February 22, 2021.
(7) The Company redeemed all $8.324 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes on August 29, 2019.
(8) The Company redeemed all $40.25 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2021 Notes on March 23, 2018.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED].

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Introduction and Certain Cautionary Statements
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist in the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to the results of operations and financial position of the Company together with its subsidiaries. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
The statements in this Annual Report may contain forward-looking statements relating to such matters as anticipated future financial performance, business prospects, legislative developments and similar matters. We note that a variety of factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results expressed in the forward-looking statements such as intensified competition and/or operating problems in our operating business projects and their impact on revenues and profit margins or additional factors as described under “Risk Factors” above.
Executive Overview
We are a leading national non-bank lender and own and control certain portfolio companies under the Newtek® brand (our “controlled portfolio companies,” as defined below) that provide a wide range of business and financial solutions to SMBs. Newtek's and its portfolio companies’ business and financial solutions include: Business Lending, including origination of SBA 7(a), SBA 504, and non-conforming (non SBA) conventional loans, as well as PPP loans in the second and third quarters of 2020, as well as the first quarter of 2021, Electronic Payment Processing, Managed Technology Solutions (Cloud Computing), Technology Consulting, eCommerce, Accounts Receivable and Inventory Financing, personal and commercial Insurance Services, Web Services, Data Backup, Storage and Retrieval, and Payroll and Benefits Solutions to SMB accounts nationwide across all industries. We have an established and reliable platform that is not limited by client size, industry type, or location. As a result, we believe we have a strong and diversified client base across every state in the United States. and across a variety of different industries. In addition, we have developed a financial and technology based business model that enables us and our controlled portfolio companies to acquire and process our SMB clients in a very cost effective manner. This capability is supported in large part by NewTracker®, our patented prospect management technology software, which is similar to, but we believe better suited for our needs than, the system popularized by Salesforce.com. We believe that this technology and business model distinguishes us from our competitors.
On August 2, 2021, the Company entered into the Stock Purchase Agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of NBNYC. This acquisition is part of a plan to reposition the Company as a bank holding company that intends to elect financial holding company status, and is subject to Regulatory Approvals and the approval of the Company’s shareholders to withdraw the Company’s election as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The transaction is currently expected to close during the third quarter of 2022. The consideration payable by the Company at closing will be $20.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments. In addition, the Stock Purchase Agreement contemplates that, as of the closing and subject to Regulatory Approvals, NBNYC will dividend to the NBNYC selling shareholders (“Sellers”) both NBNYC’s owned property in Flushing, New York and cash in the amount equal to the excess, if any, of NBNYC’s tangible common equity as of the closing date over $20.0 million. The Stock Purchase Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties made by each party. The Company and the Sellers have the right to terminate the Stock Purchase Agreement under certain circumstances, including if the purchase has not occurred on or prior to November 2, 2022 or if the requisite applications and Regulatory Approvals have been denied. If the Stock Purchase Agreement is terminated in certain circumstances specified therein, the Company may be required to pay NBNYC a fee of $0.2 million.
Following the closing of the transaction, the Company intends to operate as a bank holding company. Specifically, subject to certain Regulatory Approvals and the approval of the Company’s shareholders to withdraw the Company’s election as a BDC under the 1940 Act, the Company intends to contribute certain of its wholly-owned lending portfolio companies to NBNYC, and to provide a centralized lending operations through NBNYC. The Company intends to further develop the Company’s current patented technology, which the Company intends to complement its proposed banking offerings, subject to Regulatory Approvals. The Company also intends to retain its current board of directors and management, as supplemental by additional personnel with banking experience. However, there can be no assurances that the Company will close the transaction, receive the required Regulatory Approvals, receive the approval of the Company’s shareholders to withdraw the Company’s election as a BDC under the 1940 Act, or that the Company will be able to successfully operate as a bank holding company.
If the Company obtains the required Regulatory Approvals, obtains the approval of its shareholders to withdraw its election to be treated as a BDC, and converts to a bank holding company, the Company will no longer be subject to the 1940 Act, and the Company would lose its ability to be taxed on a pass-through basis as a RIC. Additionally, as a bank holding company, the Company would be subject to regulation and supervision that may be different from its current regulation and supervision, and would be required to comply with accounting and financial reporting requirements that may be different from its current reporting requirements. Moreover, converting to a bank holding company may make it more difficult for the Company to be acquired. For information on the risks of converting to a bank holding company, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors - Risk Related to Converting to a Bank Holding Company.”
We consolidate the following wholly-owned subsidiaries:
Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC
Newtek Asset Backed Securities, LLC
CCC Real Estate Holdings, LLC
The Whitestone Group, LLC
Wilshire DC Partners, LLC
Wilshire Holdings I, Inc.
Wilshire Louisiana BIDCO, LLC
Wilshire Louisiana Partners II, LLC
Wilshire Louisiana Partners III, LLC
Wilshire Louisiana Partners IV, LLC
Wilshire New York Advisers II, LLC
Wilshire New York Partners III, LLC
Wilshire Partners, LLC
Exponential Business Development Co., Inc.
Newtek Commercial Lending, Inc.
Newtek LSP Holdco, LLC
Newtek Business Services Holdco 1, Inc. (surviving entity of January 2021 merger with Newtek Business Services Holdco 2, Inc.)
Newtek Business Services Holdco 2, Inc.
Newtek Business Services Holdco 3, Inc.
Newtek Business Services Holdco 4, Inc.
Newtek Business Services Holdco 5, Inc. (formerly Banc-Serv Acquisition, Inc.)
Newtek Business Services Holdco 6, Inc.
We are an internally-managed, closed-end, non-diversified investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. In addition, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we have elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code beginning with our 2015 tax year. As a BDC and a RIC, we are also subject to certain constraints, including limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the Code. As a result, previously consolidated subsidiaries are now recorded as investments in controlled portfolio companies at fair value. NSBF is a consolidated subsidiary and originates loans under the SBA's 7(a) loan program.
However, as part of our plan to reposition ourself as a bank holding company that intends to elect financial holding company status, and if we receive the required Regulatory Approvals, and our shareholders' approval to withdraw the Company's election as a business development company as required under the 1940 Act, we will no longer be subject to the investment restrictions under the 1940 Act, and no longer qualify as a RIC under the Code. See "Risk Factors - Risks of Converting to a Bank Holding Company."
Our common shares are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NEWT”.
NSBF, a nationally licensed SBA lender under the federal Section 7(a) loan program, has been granted PLP status and originates, sells and services SBA 7(a) loans and is authorized to place SBA guarantees on loans without seeking prior SBA review and approval. Being a national lender with PLP status allows NSBF to expedite the origination of loans since NSBF is not required to present applications to the SBA for concurrent review and approval. The loss of PLP status would adversely impact our marketing efforts and ultimately our loan origination volume, which would negatively impact our results of operations.
As a BDC, our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation primarily through loans originated by our business finance ecosystem and our equity investments in certain portfolio companies that we control.
We target our debt investments, which are principally made through our business finance ecosystem under the SBA 7(a) program, to produce a coupon rate of prime plus 2.25% to 2.75% which enables us to generate rapid sales of guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market. We typically structure our debt investments with the maximum seniority and collateral along with personal guarantees from portfolio company owners, in many cases collateralized by other assets including real estate. In most cases, our debt investment will be collateralized by a first lien on the assets of the portfolio company and a first or second lien on assets of guarantors, in both cases primarily real estate. All SBA loans are made with personal guarantees from any owner(s) of 20% or more of the portfolio company’s equity. The amount of new debt investments, particularly SBA 7(a) loans that we originate, will directly impact future investment income. In addition, future amounts of unrealized appreciation or depreciation on our investments, as well as the amount of realized gains or losses, will also fluctuate depending upon economic conditions and the performance of our investment portfolio. The changes in realized gains and losses and unrealized appreciation or depreciation could have a material impact on our operating results.
We typically structure our debt investments to include non-financial covenants that seek to minimize our risk of capital loss such as lien protection and prohibitions against change of control. Our debt investments have what we believe are strong protections, including default penalties, information rights and, in some cases, board observation rights and affirmative, negative and financial covenants. Debt investments in portfolio companies, including the controlled portfolio companies, have historically and are expected to continue to comprise the majority of our overall investments in number and dollar volume.
While the vast majority of our investments have been structured as debt, we have in the past and expect in the future to make selective equity investments primarily as either strategic investments to enhance the integrated operating platform or, to a lesser degree, under the Capco programs. For investments in our controlled portfolio companies, we focus more on tailoring them to the long term growth needs of the companies than to return. Our objectives with these companies is to foster the development of the businesses as a part of the integrated operational platform of serving the SMB market, so we may reduce the burden on these companies to enable them to grow faster than they would otherwise and as another means of supporting their development.
We regularly engage in discussions with third parties with respect to various potential transactions. We may acquire an investment or a portfolio of investments or an entire company or sell a portion of our portfolio on an opportunistic basis. We, our subsidiaries, or our affiliates may also agree to manage certain other funds that invest in debt, equity or provide other financing or services to companies in a variety of industries for which we may earn management or other fees for our services. We may also invest in the equity of these funds, along with other third parties, from which we would seek to earn a return and/or future incentive allocations. We may enter into new joint venture partnerships to create additional third-party capital to originate loans. Some of these transactions could be material to our business. Consummation of any such transaction will be subject to completion of due diligence, finalization of key business and financial terms (including price) and negotiation of final definitive documentation as well as a number of other factors and conditions including, without limitation, the approval of our board of directors and required regulatory or third-party consents and, in certain cases, the approval of our shareholders. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that any such transaction would be consummated. Any of these transactions or funds may require significant management resources either during the transaction phase or on an ongoing basis depending on the terms of the transaction.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and established the PPP. NSBF participated in the PPP and funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021. NSBF has redeployed resources used to originate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans. Income earned in connection with the PPP should not be viewed as recurring.
COVID-19 Developments
In March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization and in response to the outbreak, management instituted a work from home policy until it is deemed safe to return to the office.
We have and continue to assess the impact of COVID-19 on our portfolio companies. We cannot predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its duration in the United States and worldwide, the effectiveness of governmental responses designed to mitigate strain to businesses and the economy and the magnitude of the economic impact of the outbreak. The COVID-19 pandemic and preventative measures taken to contain or mitigate its spread have caused, and are continuing to cause, business shutdowns, cancellations of events and travel. In addition, while economic activity remains healthy and well improved from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to observe supply chain interruptions, labor difficulties,
commodity inflation and elements of economic and financial market instability both globally and in the United States.
We continue to closely monitor our portfolio companies; however, we are unable to predict the duration of any business and supply-chain disruptions, the extent to which COVID-19 will negatively affect our portfolio companies’ operating results or the impact that such disruptions may have on our results of operations and financial condition.
Revenues
We generate revenue in the form of interest, dividend, servicing and other fee income on debt and equity investments. Our debt investments typically have terms of 10 to 25 years and bear interest at prime plus a margin. In some instances, we receive payments on our debt investments based on scheduled amortization of the outstanding balances. In addition, we receive repayments of some of our debt investments prior to their scheduled maturity date. The frequency or volume of these repayments fluctuates significantly from period to period. Our portfolio activity also reflects the proceeds of sales of securities. We receive servicing income related to the guaranteed portions of SBA investments which we originate and sell into the secondary market. These recurring fees are earned daily and recorded when earned. In addition, we may generate revenue in the form of packaging, prepayment, legal and late fees. We record such fees related to loans as other income. Dividends are recorded as dividend income on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Dividend income is recorded at the time dividends are declared. Distributions of earnings from portfolio companies are evaluated to determine if the distribution is income, return of capital or realized gain. In addition, under the PPP that began in the second quarter of 2020 and concluded during the third quarter of 2021, the SBA reimbursed the Company for originating loans and such SBA reimbursements are included as interest income on PPP loans. Income earned in connection with the PPP should not be viewed as recurring. NSBF funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021. NSBF has redeployed resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans.
We recognize realized gains or losses on investments based on the difference between the net proceeds from the disposition and the cost basis of the investment without regard to unrealized gains or losses previously recognized. We record current period changes in fair value of investments and assets that are measured at fair value as a component of the net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments or servicing assets, as appropriate, in the consolidated statements of operations.
Expenses
Our primary operating expenses are salaries and benefits, interest expense, origination and servicing and other general and administrative costs, such as professional fees, marketing, referral fees, servicing costs and rent. Since we are an internally-managed BDC with no outside adviser or management company, the BDC incurs all the related costs to operate the Company.
Guarantees
The Company is a guarantor on the Sterling Receivable and Inventory Facility at NBC. Maximum borrowings under the Sterling Receivable and Inventory Facility are $35.0 million. The Sterling Receivable and Inventory Facility matures in August 2022 and automatically renews annually. At December 31, 2021, total principal owed by NBC was $7.6 million. In addition, the Company deposited $0.75 million to collateralize the guarantee. At December 31, 2021, the Company determined that it is not probable that payments would be required to be made under the guarantee.
The Company is a guarantor on the NBL Capital One Facility, NBL Deutsche Bank Facility and NBL One Florida Bank Facility. Maximum borrowings under the NBL Capital One Facility are $75.0 million with an accordion feature to increase maximum borrowings to $150.0 million. The lenders’ commitments terminate in November 2022, with all amounts due under the NBL Capital One Facility maturing in November 2023. Maximum borrowings under the NBL Deutsche Bank facility $100.0 million with a maturity date in March 2023. Maximum borrowings under the NBL One Florida Bank facility are $20.0 million with a maturity date in September 2023. At December 31, 2021, total principal owed by NBL under these facilities was $35.2 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company determined that it is not probable that payments would be required to be made under these guarantees.
The Company is a guarantor on the Webster Facility, a term loan facility between NMS with Webster Bank with an aggregate principal amount up to $50.0 million. The Webster Facility matures in November 2023. At December 31, 2021, total principal outstanding was $25.4 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company determined that it is not probable that payments would be required to be made under the guarantee.
Newtek Conventional Lending, LLC (NCL)
We established a 50/50 joint venture, NCL, between Newtek Commercial Lending, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Newtek, and Conventional Lending TCP Holding, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of BlackRock TCP Capital Corp. (Nasdaq:TCPC). NCL provided non-conforming conventional commercial and industrial term loans to U.S. middle-market companies and small businesses. NCL ceased funding new loans during 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On January 28, 2022, NCL closed a conventional commercial loan securitization with the sale of $56.3 million Class A Notes , NCL Business Loan Trust 2022-1, Business Loan-Backed Notes, Series 2022-1, secured by a segregated asset pool consisting primarily of conventional commercial business loans, including loans secured by liens on commercial or residential mortgaged properties, originated by NCL and NBL. The Notes were rated “A” (sf) by DBRS Morningstar. The Notes were priced at a yield of 3.209%. The proceeds of the securitization were used, in part, to repay the Deutsche Bank credit facility and return capital to the JV partners. Refer to NOTE 3-INVESTMENTS for selected financial information and a schedule of investments of NCL as of December 31, 2021. The Company anticipates relaunching its non-conforming conventional commercial loan program through new joint venture partnerships.
Unfunded Commitments
At December 31, 2021, the Company had $17.4 million of unfunded commitments in connection with its SBA 7(a) non-affiliate investments related to portions of loans originated which are partially funded. The Company will fund these commitments from the same sources it uses to fund its other investment commitments.
Loan Portfolio Asset Quality and Composition
The following tables set forth distributions of the cost basis of the Company’s SBA 7(a) loan portfolio at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, in thousands. The tables include loans in which NSBF owns 100% as a result of NSBF originating the loan and subsequently repurchasing the guaranteed portion from the SBA. The total of 100% NSBF-owned loans at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is $18.5 million and $16.9 million, respectively.
Distribution by Business Type
As of December 31, 2021
Business Type # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
Existing Business 2,162 $ 349,999 $ 162 81.1 %
Business Acquisition 333 59,794 207 13.8 %
Start-Up Business 266 22,176 96 5.1 %
Total 2,761 $ 431,970 $ 156 100.0 %
As of December 31, 2020
Business Type # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
Existing Business 1,850 $ 342,636 $ 185 81.5 %
Business Acquisition 275 56,797 207 13.5 %
Start-Up Business 222 20,965 96 5.0 %
Total 2,347 $ 420,398 $ 179 100.0 %
Distribution by Borrower Credit Score
December 31, 2021
Credit Score # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
500 to 550 15 $ 3,562 $ 237 0.8 %
551 to 600 59 15,322 260 3.5 %
601 to 650 299 59,139 198 13.7 %
651 to 700 754 118,150 157 27.4 %
701 to 750 914 140,720 154 32.6 %
751 to 800 632 85,479 135 19.8 %
801 to 850 86 9,548 111 2.2 %
Not available 2 49 25 0.0 %
Total 2,761 $ 431,970 $ 156 100.0 %
December 31, 2020
Credit Score # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
500 to 550 19 $ 4,038 $ 213 1.0 %
551 to 600 61 16,435 269 3.9 %
601 to 650 316 64,564 204 15.4 %
651 to 700 704 119,077 169 28.3 %
701 to 750 717 125,217 175 29.8 %
751 to 800 462 82,507 179 19.6 %
801 to 850 65 8,451 130 2.0 %
Not available 3 109 36 0.0 %
Total 2,347 $ 420,398 $ 179 100.0 %
Distribution by Primary Collateral Type
December 31, 2021
Collateral Type # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
Commercial Real Estate 1,016 $ 228,381 $ 225 53.0 %
Machinery and Equipment 430 73,433 171 17.0 %
Accts Receivable and Inventory 312 50,692 162 11.7 %
Residential Real Estate 707 47,240 67 10.9 %
Other 93 26,509 285 6.1 %
Unsecured 161 2,984 19 0.7 %
Furniture and Fixtures 28 1,797 64 0.4 %
Liquid Assets 14 936 67 0.2 %
Total 2,761 $ 431,970 $ 156 100.0 %
December 31, 2020
Collateral Type # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
Commercial Real Estate 933 $ 218,958 $ 235 52.1 %
Machinery and Equipment 403 78,356 194 18.6 %
Accounts Receivable and Inventory 259 44,270 171 10.5 %
Residential Real Estate 500 39,406 79 9.4 %
Other 89 30,653 344 7.3 %
Unsecured 124 5,421 44 1.3 %
Furniture and Fixtures 25 1,695 68 0.4 %
Liquid Assets 14 1,639 117 0.4 %
Total 2,347 $ 420,398 $ 179 100.0 %
Distribution by Days Delinquent
December 31, 2021
Delinquency Status # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
Accrual
Current 2,512 $ 365,198 $ 145 84.6 %
31 to 60 days 59 12,646 214 2.9 %
61 to 90 days - - - - %
91 days or greater - - - - %
Non-accrual 190 54,126 285 12.5 %
Total 2,761 $ 431,970 $ 156 100.0 %
December 31, 2020
Delinquency Status # of Loans Balance Average Balance % of Balance
Accrual
Current 2,071 $ 340,756 $ 165 81.1 %
31 to 60 days 62 12,679 205 3.0 %
61 to 90 days - - - - %
91 days or greater 32 11,520 360 2.7 %
Non-accrual 182 55,443 305 13.2 %
Total 2,347 $ 420,398 $ 179 100.0 %
Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Set forth below is a comparison of the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. For a comparison of the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, see the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on March 29, 2021.
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Investment Income
(in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Change
Investment income:
Interest income - PPP loans $ 49,989 $ 37,743 $ 12,246
Interest income - SBA 7(a) loans 28,549 26,652 1,897
Interest income - non-control investments 428 403 25
Dividend income 9,896 13,556 (3,660)
Servicing income 11,307 11,154 153
Other income 8,325 2,693 5,632
Total investment income $ 108,494 $ 92,201 $ 16,293
Interest Income
The Company began earning interest income from PPP loans in the second quarter of 2020 under the CARES Act. Under the PPP, SBA 7(a) lenders were automatically approved to extend 100% federally guaranteed PPP loans to certain small businesses. During the year ended December 31, 2021, NSBF originated $729.0 million of PPP loans resulting in $50.0 million of fees generated. Pursuant to the PPP, the interest rate on PPP loans is capped at 1.0%. For PPP loans made on or after December 27, 2020, SBA will pay lenders fees based on the balance of the financing outstanding at the time of disbursement of the loan, for processing PPP loans in the following amounts: (i) for loans of not more than $50,000, an amount equal to the lesser of fifty (50) percent or $2,500; (ii) five (5) percent for loans of more than $50,000 and not more than $350,000; (iii) three (3) percent for loans of more than $350,000 and less than $2.0 million; and (iv) one (1) percent for loans of at least $2.0 million. Such SBA reimbursements are included in Interest Income - PPP loans. Income earned in connection with the PPP should not be viewed as recurring. NSBF funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021. NSBF has redeployed the resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans.
The increase in interest income on PPP loans was attributable to the higher volume of PPP loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020, which included only a partial period in 2020 as the Company began earning PPP income in April 2020. The increase in interest income from SBA 7(a) loans was attributable to the average outstanding accrual portfolio of SBA non-affiliate investments increasing to $406.2 million from $363.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in the average Prime Rate in effect on our portfolio from 3.63% to 3.25% over the twelve month period. The increase in the average outstanding accrual portfolio resulted from the origination of new SBA non-affiliate investments period over period.
Dividend Income
Dividend income was earned from the following portfolio companies for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Change
Newtek Merchant Solutions, LLC (NMS) $ 6,000 $ 9,450 $ (3,450)
Newtek Technology Solutions, Inc.1
250 - 250
International Professional Marketing, Inc. (IPM)1
- 350 (350)
SIDCO, LLC1
- 825 (825)
Newtek Conventional Lending, LLC 51 1,227 (1,176)
Newtek Business Lending, LLC 3,500 1,600 1,900
EMCAP Loan Holdings, LLC 95 104 (9)
Total dividend income $ 9,896 $ 13,556 $ (3,660)
(1) On January 1, 2021, IPM and SIDCO became subsidiaries of NTS. In July 2021, IPM merged with and into NTS, with NTS as the surviving entity.
Dividend income is dependent on portfolio company earnings and portfolio company capital investment objectives and opportunities. Current year and historical dividend income may not be indicative of future period dividend income, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. See “COVID-19 Developments.”
NSBF Servicing Portfolio and Related Servicing Income
The following table represents the NSBF originated servicing portfolio and servicing income earned for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Change
Total NSBF originated servicing portfolio $ 1,839,239 $ 1,704,160 $ 135,079
Total average NSBF originated portfolio earning servicing income
$ 1,151,891 $ 1,109,155 $ 42,736
Total servicing income earned $ 11,307 $ 11,154 $ 153
The slight increase in servicing income related to an increase in the total portfolio investments for which we earn servicing income period over period. Additional factors driving the increase include the transfer of loans from non-accrual to accrual status in the first half of 2021, as well as higher SBA 7(a) guarantee percentage being serviced.
Other Income
Other income relates primarily to legal, packaging, prepayment, and late fees earned from SBA 7(a) loans. The increase was
related to an increase in legal, prepayment and packaging fees earned as a result of the higher volume of SBA 7(a) loans originated of $560.6 million compared to $196.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As a result of the uncertain economic impact to U.S. small businesses created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company temporarily shifted the focus of NSBF from originating SBA 7(a) loans to originating PPP loans in March 2020. NSBF funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021 and has redeployed the resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans.
Expenses:
(in thousands) Year Ended
December 31, 2021 Year Ended
December 31, 2020 Change
Salaries and benefits $ 17,866 $ 14,211 $ 3,655
Interest 20,515 17,877 2,638
Depreciation and amortization 304 402 (98)
Professional fees 5,610 3,718 1,892
Origination and loan processing 10,234 8,431 1,803
Origination and loan processing - related party 19,272 9,855 9,417
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities - 54 (54)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 1,552 - 1,552
Other general and administrative costs 7,454 5,668 1,786
Total expenses $ 82,807 $ 60,216 $ 22,591
Salaries and Benefits
The increase in salaries and benefits was attributable to an increase in staffing for the PPP and SBA 7(a) programs, which resulted in an increase in salaries and bonuses and related accruals during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Interest Expense
The following is a summary of interest expense by facility for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Change
Notes payable - Securitization Trusts $ 5,520 $ 7,853 $ (2,333)
Bank notes payable 1,536 1,436 100
Notes due 20231
549 4,064 (3,515)
Notes due 20242
4,714 4,057 657
Notes due 2025 1,134 37 1,097
Notes due 2026 6,675 - 6,675
Notes payable - related parties 387 430 (43)
Total interest expense $ 20,515 $ 17,877 $ 2,638
(1) On February 22, 2021, the Company redeemed all $57.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes on the redemption date at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from December 31, 2020 through, but excluding, the redemption date.
(2) On December 29, 2021, the Company partially redeemed $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the $78.25 million principal amount of 2024 Notes outstanding at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from November 1, 2021 through, but excluding, the redemption date.
The increase in interest expense period over period is primarily from additional interest on the Notes due 2026 of $6.7 million. In addition, there was additional interest expense on the 2025 and 2024 Notes of $1.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The increase was partially offset by the redemption of the 2023 Notes on February 22, 2021 which resulted in a reduction of $3.5 million of interest expense, and a decrease of $2.3 million in interest on Notes payable - Securitization Trusts related to a decrease in the average outstanding balance and interest rates period over period.
Professional Fees
The increase in professional fees period over period is attributable to fees related to the implementation of a new general ledger system as well as fees related to the Company's plan to reposition itself as a bank holding company.
Origination and Loan Processing
The increase in Origination and Loan Processing expenses was attributed to an increase in SBA 7(a) loan fundings.
Origination and Loan Processing - Related Party
The increase in related party origination and loan processing expenses was attributed to an increase in underwriting, origination, closing and compliance fees related to the increase in SBA 7(a) loan fundings period over period.
Loss on extinguishment of debt
On February 22, 2021, the Company redeemed all $57.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes on the redemption date of February 22, 2021, at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from December 1, 2020, through, but excluding, the redemption date. As a result of the redemption of the 2023 Notes, the Company recorded a $1.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2021, equivalent to the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs as of the redemption date.
On December 29, 2021, the Company redeemed $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the $78.25 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes on the redemption date of December 29, 2021 at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from November 1, 2021, through, but excluding, the redemption date. As a
result of the partial redemption of the 2024 Notes, the Company recorded a $0.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2021, equivalent to the redeemed portion of the remaining balance of unamortized deferred financing costs as of the redemption date.
Net Realized Gains and Net Unrealized Appreciation and Depreciation
Net realized gains from SBA non-affiliate investments for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $53.1 million and $11.4 million, respectively, which included realized losses of $10.4 million and $8.4 million, respectively.
Net Realized Gains on SBA Non-Affiliate Investments
Year Ended
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
# of Debt Investments $ Amount
(in thousands) # of Debt Investments $ Amount
(in thousands)
SBA non-affiliate investments originated 781 $ 560,571 239 $ 196,752
SBA guaranteed non-affiliate investments sold 678 $ 419,735 225 $ 153,662
Realized gains recognized on sale of SBA guaranteed non-affiliate investments - $ 63,484 - $ 19,735
Average sale price as a percent of principal balance1
- 113.05 % - 110.78 %
(1) Realized gains greater than 110.00% must be split 50/50 with the SBA in accordance with SBA regulations. The realized gains recognized above reflects amounts net of split with the SBA.
As a result of the uncertain economic impact to U.S. small businesses created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company’s Executive Committee and Lending Team temporarily shifted the focus of NSBF from originating SBA 7(a) loans to originating PPP loans in March 2020 through July 2021, resulting in a higher volume of SBA 7(a) loans for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020. NSBF redeployed the resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans in 2021.
Net Realized Losses on Controlled Investments
(in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Change
Advanced Cyber Security Systems, LLC (ACS) $ (381) $ - $ (381)
banc-serv Partners, LLC (BSP) (885) - (885)
Total net realized losses on controlled investments $ (1,266) $ - $ (1,266)
During the year ended December 31, 2021, realized losses on controlled investments were $1.3 million. Realized losses on ACS were $0.4 million relating to the dissolution of the entity during 2021 and associated write down of the cost basis of the investment to zero. Realized losses on BSP were $0.9 million. In January 2022, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court of the Southern District of Indiana Indianapolis Division entered a non-dischargable judgment in favor of Newtek Business Services Holdco 5, Inc. in the amount of $6.2 million. The realized loss represents the associated write down of the cost basis of the investment in BSP to the amount of the judgment.
Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) on Investments
(in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Change
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on SBA guaranteed non-affiliate investments $ 6,380 $ (795) $ 7,175
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on SBA unguaranteed non-affiliate investments 5,097 (176) 5,273
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on controlled investments 2,829 (8,237) 11,066
Net unrealized depreciation on derivative transactions (183) - (183)
Change in deferred taxes (1,327) 999 (2,326)
Total net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments $ 12,796 $ (8,209) $ 21,005
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on SBA guaranteed non-affiliate investments relates to guaranteed portions of SBA debt investments made which the Company sells into a secondary market. Unrealized appreciation of SBA guaranteed investments represents the fair value adjustment of guaranteed portions of loans which have not yet been sold. Unrealized depreciation represents the reversal of unrealized appreciation when the guaranteed portions of the SBA 7(a) loans are sold.
The net unrealized depreciation on derivative instruments is attributable to interest rate movement on interest rate futures contracts.
Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) on Controlled Investments
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) was derived from the following portfolio companies for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Change
Newtek Merchant Solutions, LLC (NMS) $ 3,000 $ (9,750) $ 12,750
Newtek Technology Solutions, Inc. (NTS)1
6,000 10,200 (4,200)
CDS Business Services, Inc. (9,040) (6,660) (2,380)
PMTWorks Payroll, LLC (1,250) (150) (1,100)
banc-serv Partners, LLC (BSP)2
885 - 885
Small Business Lending, LLC (5,650) - (5,650)
Newtek Insurance Agency, LLC (1,750) (65) (1,685)
Newtek Business Lending, LLC 7,370 - 7,370
Newtek Conventional Lending, LLC 1,535 (827) 2,362
Titanium Asset Management LLC (52) 265 (317)
Advanced Cyber Security Systems, LLC3
381 - 381
Mobil Money, LLC 1,400 (1,250) 2,650
Total net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on controlled investments $ 2,829 $ (8,237) $ 11,066
(1) On January 1, 2021, IPM and SIDCO became subsidiaries of NTS and as a result, the year ended December 31, 2020 valuation of NTS and related unrealized appreciation represents that of the combined entity. In July 2021, IPM merged with and into NTS, with NTS as the surviving entity.
(2) Unrealized gains on BSP were $0.9 million. In January 2022, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court of the Southern District of Indianapolis Division entered a non-dischargable judgment in favor of the Newtek Business Services Holdco 5, Inc. in the amount of $6.2 million. The realized loss and offsetting unrealized gain represent the associated write down of the cost basis of the investment in BSP to the amount of the judgment.
(3) Unrealized gains on ACS were $0.4 million. The realized loss and offsetting unrealized gain relate to the dissolution of the entity during 2021 and associated write down of the cost basis of the investment to zero.
Provision for Deferred Taxes on Unrealized Appreciation of Investments
Certain consolidated subsidiaries of ours are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. These taxable subsidiaries are not consolidated with the Company for income tax purposes, but are consolidated for GAAP purposes, and may generate income tax liabilities or assets from temporary differences in the recognition of items for financial reporting and income tax purposes at the subsidiaries. During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized a provision for deferred taxes of $1.3 million and $1.0 million related to the net unrealized appreciation of controlled portfolio company investments, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our liquidity and capital resources are derived from our Capital One Facility, Notes payable - related parties, 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, securitization transactions and cash flows from operations, including investment sales and repayments, and income earned. Our primary use of funds from operations includes investments in portfolio companies and payments of fees and other operating expenses we incur. We have used, and expect to continue to use, our borrowings and the proceeds from the turnover of our portfolio and from public and private offerings of securities to finance our investment objectives. We may raise additional equity or debt capital through both registered offerings off a shelf registration, including “at-the-market”, or ATM, and private offerings of securities. On July 26, 2018, our shareholders approved the application of the modified asset coverage requirement as set forth in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act. As a result, our minimum required asset coverage ratio decreased from 200% to 150%, effective July 27, 2018. As of December 31, 2021, our asset coverage was 184% based on $479.5 million of aggregate principal amount of senior securities outstanding.
Public Offerings
ATM Program
On July 10, 2019, the Company entered into the 2019 ATM Equity Distribution Agreement, as amended on February 28, 2020. The Amended 2019 ATM Equity Distribution Agreement provided that the Company may offer and sell up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock from time to time through the placement agents. From inception through June 24, 2020, we sold 1,716,517 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $21.88 per share. Proceeds, net of offering costs and expenses were $37.6 million. On June 24, 2020, the Company terminated the Amended 2019 ATM Equity Distribution Agreement. The Company paid the ATM placement agents $0.8 million in compensation.
We used the net proceeds for funding investments in debt and equity securities in accordance with our investment objective and strategies and for general corporate purposes including funding investments, repaying outstanding indebtedness and other general corporate purposes.
On June 25, 2020, the Company entered into the 2020 ATM Equity Distribution Agreement. The 2020 ATM Equity Distribution Agreement provides that the Company may offer and sell up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock from time to time through the placement agents. From inception through December 31, 2021, we sold 1,939,760 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $25.91 per share. Proceeds, net of offering costs and expenses were $50.3 million. The company paid the placement agents $1.0 million in compensation during the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, there were 37,661 shares of common stock available for sale under the 2020 ATM Equity Distribution Agreement.
Debt Offerings
In January 2021, the Company and the Trustee entered into the Seventh Supplemental Indenture to the Base Indenture between the Company and the Trustee, relating to the Company’s issuance, offer and sale of $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.50% Notes due 2026, including $15.0 million in aggregate principal amount sold pursuant to a fully-exercised overallotment option. The sale of the 2026 Notes generated proceeds of approximately $111.3 million, net of underwriter's fees and expenses. The 2026 Notes are the Company’s direct unsecured obligations and rank: (i) pari passu with the Company’s other outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior to any of the Company’s future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the 2026 Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to all the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which the Company subsequently grants security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The 2026 Notes will mature on February 1, 2026 and may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at the Company’s option on or after February 1, 2022, upon not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days written notice by mail prior to the date fixed for redemption thereof, at a redemption price equal to the following amounts, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date: (1) 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed plus (2) the sum of the present value of the scheduled payments of interest (exclusive of accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption) on the 2026 Notes to be redeemed from the redemption date until February 1, 2023, discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) using the applicable Treasury Rate plus 50 basis points; provided, however, that if the Company redeems any 2026 Notes on or after February 1, 2023 (the date falling three years prior to the maturity date of the 2026 Notes), the redemption price for the 2026 Notes will be equal to 100%
of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of redemption. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.50% per year payable quarterly on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing on May 1, 2021, and trade on the Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “NEWTZ.” At December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the 2026 Notes.
On November 27, 2020, the Company and Trustee entered into the Fifth Supplemental Indenture to the Base Indenture between the Company and the Trustee, relating to the issuance, offer and sale of $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 2025 Notes. The offering was consummated pursuant to the terms of a purchase agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") among the Company and an accredited investor. The Purchase Agreement provided for the 2025 Notes to be issued to the purchaser in a private placement in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the sale of the Notes were approximately $4.8 million, after deducting structuring fees and estimated offering expenses, each payable by the Company. The 2025 Notes are the Company’s direct unsecured obligations and rank: (i) pari passu with the Company’s other outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior to any of the Company’s future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the 2025 Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to all the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which the Company subsequently grants security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of the Company’s subsidiaries. The Company exercised its option to issue up to $10 million of additional 2025 Notes to the purchaser, and issued $10 million in additional 2025 Notes to the purchaser in an exempt offering in January 2021.
In July 2019, the Company and the Trustee entered into the Fourth Supplemental Indenture to the Base Indenture between the Company and the Trustee, relating to the Company’s issuance, offer and sale of $55.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% Notes due 2024. The Company granted an overallotment option of up to $8.25 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes. The sale of the 2024 Notes generated proceeds of approximately $53.2 million, net of underwriter's fees and expenses. In July 2019 the underwriters exercised their option to purchase $8.25 million in aggregate principal amount of 2024 Notes for an additional $8.0 million in net proceeds. The 2024 Notes are the Company’s direct unsecured obligations and rank: (i) pari passu with the Company’s other outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior to any of the Company’s future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the 2024 Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to all the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which the Company subsequently grants security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The 2024 Notes will mature on August 1, 2024 and may be redeemed in whole or in part at the Company’s option at any time or from time to time on or after August 1, 2021, at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest payments otherwise payable for the then-current quarterly interest period accrued to but not including the date fixed for redemption. The 2024 Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year payable quarterly on February 1, May 1, August 1, and November 1 of each year, commencing on November 1, 2019, and trade on the Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “NEWTL.” At December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the 2024 Notes.
On February 16, 2021 and May 20, 2021, the Company issued an additional $5.0 million and $10.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 2024 Notes, respectively. The new 2024 Notes are treated as a single series with the prior 2024 Notes and have the same terms as the prior 2024 Notes. The existing 2024 Notes have the same CUSIP number and are fungible and rank equally with the prior 2024 Notes.
On December 29, 2021, the Company redeemed $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the $78.25 million of principal amount of 2024 Notes outstanding at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from November 1, 2021 through, but excluding, the redemption date. As of December 31, 2021, the outstanding principal balance of the 2024 Notes was $78.25 million.
In February 2018, the Company and the Trustee entered into the Third Supplemental Indenture to the Base Indenture between the Company and the Trustee, relating to the Company’s issuance, offer and sale of $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.25% Notes due 2023. The Company granted an overallotment option of up to $7.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes. The sale of the Notes generated proceeds of approximately $47.9 million, net of underwriter's fees and expenses. In February 2018, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase $7.5 million in aggregate principal amount of notes for an additional $7.3 million in net proceeds. The 2023 Notes were the Company’s direct unsecured obligations and ranked: (i) pari passu with the Company’s other outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior to any of the Company’s future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the 2023 Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to all the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which the
Company subsequently grants security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of the Company’s subsidiaries.
The 2023 Notes were scheduled to mature on March 1, 2023 and could be redeemed in whole or in part at the Company’s option at any time or from time to time on or after March 1, 2020, at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest payments otherwise payable for the then-current quarterly interest period accrued to but not including the date fixed for redemption. The 2023 Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.25% per year payable quarterly on March 1, June 1, September 1, and December 1 of each year, commencing on June 1, 2018, and trade on the Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “NEWTI.” On February 22, 2021, the Company used the proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes to redeem all $57.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from December 1, 2020, through, but excluding, the redemption date.
In September 2015, the Company and the Trustee entered into the Base Indenture and the First Supplemental Indenture relating to the Company's issuance, offer, and sale of $8.3 million, including the underwriter's partial exercise of their over-allotment option, in aggregate principal amount of the 7.5% Notes due 2022. The 2022 Notes are the Company’s direct unsecured obligations and rank: (i) pari passu with the Company’s other outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior to any of the Company’s future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the 2022 Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to all the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which the Company subsequently grants security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of the Company’s subsidiaries.
On August 29, 2019, the Company redeemed all $8.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes on the redemption date of August 29, 2019 at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from July 1, 2019, through, but excluding, the redemption date.
The Base Indenture, and each supplemental indenture thereto, contains certain covenants. The Base Indenture provides for customary events of default and further provides that the Trustee or the holders of 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes may declare such Notes immediately due and payable upon the occurrence of any event of default after expiration of any applicable grace period. Each supplemental indenture includes covenants requiring the Company to comply with (regardless of whether it is subject to) the asset coverage requirements set forth in Section 18(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act as modified by Section 61(a) of the 1940 Act (or any successor provisions), to comply with (regardless of whether it is subject to) the restrictions on dividends, distributions and purchase of capital stock set forth in Section 18(a)(1)(B) of the 1940 Act as modified by Section 61(a) of the 1940 Act and to provide financial information to the holders of the Notes and the Trustee if the Company should no longer be subject to the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act. These covenants are subject to important limitations and exceptions that are described in the Base Indenture, as supplemented by each supplemental indenture thereto. At December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Notes.
Capital One Facilities
In May 2017, NSBF amended its Capital One facility to increase the facility from $50.0 million to $100.0 million and reduce the interest rate. The facility was amended again in June 2018 and the portion of the facility collateralized by the government guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans, was reduced to Prime minus 0.75% (previously Prime minus 0.25%). The interest rate on the portion of the facility, collateralized by the non-guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans, was reduced to Prime plus 0.25% (previously Prime plus 0.75%). The facility provides for a 55% advance rate on the non-guaranteed portions of the SBA 7(a) loans NSBF originates, and a 90% advance rate on the guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans NSBF originates. In addition, the amendment extended the date on which the facility will convert to a term loan from May 16, 2017 to May 11, 2020 and extended the maturity date of the facility to May 11, 2022. In June 2019, the facility was increased from $100.0 million to $150.0 million. On May 7, 2020, NSBF amended its existing line of credit with Capital One to, among other things, extend the maturity date on which the credit facility will convert into a term loan for a period of three years to May 7, 2023, with the term loan maturing on May 7, 2025.
At December 31, 2021, there was $50.0 million and no balance outstanding under the guaranteed and unguaranteed lines of credit, respectively. At December 31, 2021, we were in full compliance with all applicable loan covenants.
Notes Payable - Related Parties
In June 2015, the Company entered into the Related Party RLOC with certain controlled portfolio companies. Maximum borrowings under the Related Party RLOC were $38.0 million. In June 2017, the Related Party RLOC was amended to increase maximum borrowings to $50.0 million. The outstanding balance had an interest rate equal to 1 month LIBOR (with a floor of 0.50%) plus 6.0% or at a rate equal to the greater of the Prime Rate or 3.5% plus 5.0%. In November 2018, the Related Party RLOC was amended to reduce the interest rate to the lesser of 1 month LIBOR plus 2.5% or the Prime Rate plus 1.5%.
At December 31, 2021, the Related Party RLOC interest rate was 2.60%. The Related Party RLOC has a maturity date of November 8, 2023. Outstanding borrowings due to NMS at December 31, 2021 were $11.5 million.
Securitization Transactions
Since 2010, NSBF has engaged in securitizations of the unguaranteed portions of its SBA 7(a) loans. In the securitization, it uses a special purpose entity (the “Trust”) which is considered a variable interest entity. Applying the consolidation requirements for VIEs under the accounting rules in ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, and ASC Topic 810, Consolidation, which became effective January 1, 2010, the Company determined that as the primary beneficiary of the securitization vehicle, based on its power to direct activities through its role as servicer for the Trust and its obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits, it needed to consolidate the Trusts. NSBF therefore consolidated the entity using the carrying amounts of the Trust’s assets and liabilities. NSBF reflects the assets in SBA Unguaranteed Non-Affiliate Investments and reflects the associated financing in Notes Payable - Securitization trusts on the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities.
In December 2021, NSBF completed its eleventh securitization which resulted in the transfer of $103.4 million of unguaranteed portions of SBA loans to the 2021-1 Trust, The 2021-1 Trust in turn issued securitization notes for the par amount of $103.4 million, consisting of $79.7 million of Class A notes and $23.8 million Class B notes, against the 2021-1 Trust assets in a private placement. The Class A and Class B notes received an “A” and “BBB-” rating by S&P, respectively, and the final maturity date of the notes is December 2048. The Class A and Class B notes bear interest at an average rate of LIBOR plus 1.92% across both classes. Generally, in the event that the one-month LIBOR or Prime Rate becomes unavailable or otherwise unpublished, NSBF will select as a replacement a comparable alternative in accordance with the terms of the 2021-1 securitization transaction documents.
In October 2019, NSBF completed its tenth securitization which resulted in the transfer of $118.9 million of unguaranteed portions of SBA loans to the 2019-1 Trust, The 2019-1 Trust in turn issued securitization notes for the par amount of $118.9 million, consisting of $93.5 million of Class A notes and $25.4 million Class B notes, against the 2019-1 Trust assets in a private placement. The Class A and Class B notes received an “A” and “BBB-” rating by S&P, respectively, and the final maturity date of the notes is December 2044. The Class A and Class B notes bear interest at an average rate of LIBOR plus 1.83% across both classes. Generally, in the event that the one-month LIBOR or Prime Rate becomes unavailable or otherwise unpublished, NSBF will select as a replacement a comparable alternative in accordance with the terms of the 2019-1 securitization transaction documents.
In November 2018, NSBF completed its ninth securitization which resulted in the transfer of $108.6 million of unguaranteed portions of SBA loans to the 2018-1 Trust. The 2018-1 Trust in turn issued securitization notes for the par amount of $108.6 million, consisting of $82.9 million Class A notes and $25.7 million of Class B notes, against the assets in a private placement. The Class A and Class B notes received an “A” and “BBB-” rating by S&P, respectively, and the final maturity date of the notes is February 2044. Generally, in the event that the one-month LIBOR or Prime Rate becomes unavailable or otherwise unpublished, NSBF will select as a replacement a comparable alternative index over which it has no direct control and which is readily verifiable, in accordance with the terms of the 2018-1 securitization transaction documents.
In December 2017, NSBF completed its eighth securitization which resulted in the transfer of $76.2 million of unguaranteed portions of SBA loans to the 2017-1 Trust. The 2017-1 Trust in turn issued securitization notes for the par amount of $75.4 million, consisting of $58.1 million Class A notes and $17.3 million of Class B notes, against the assets in a private placement. The Class A and Class B notes received an “A” and “BBB-” rating by S&P, respectively, and the final maturity date of the notes is February 2043. The Class A and Class B notes bear interest at a rate of 1 month LIBOR plus 2.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Generally, in the event that the one-month LIBOR or Prime Rate becomes unavailable or otherwise unpublished, NSBF will select as a replacement a comparable alternative index over which it has no direct control and which is readily verifiable, in accordance with the terms of the 2017-1 securitization transaction documents.
In November 2016, NSBF completed its seventh securitization which resulted in the transfer of $56.1 million of unguaranteed portions of SBA loans to the 2016-1 Trust. The 2016-1 Trust in turn issued securitization notes for the par amount of $53.4 million, consisting of $43.6 million Class A notes and $9.8 million of Class B notes, against the assets in a private placement. The Class A and Class B notes received an “A” and “BBB+” rating by S&P, respectively, and the final maturity date of the notes is February 2042. The Class A and Class B notes bear interest at an average rate of 1 month LIBOR plus 3.0% and 4.25%, respectively. Generally, in the event that the one-month LIBOR or Prime Rate becomes unavailable or otherwise unpublished, NSBF will select as a replacement a comparable alternative index over which it has no direct control and which is readily verifiable, in accordance with the terms of the 2016-1 securitization transaction documents.
PPP Loan Participations
Beginning in April 2020, NSBF engaged in the origination of PPP loans. To facilitate NSBF’s involvement as a lender in the PPP, during the second quarter of 2020, NSBF entered into PPP loan participation agreements where NSBF originated PPP loans and sold 90% participating interests to the Participants. The participations were sold at par due to the short term maturity of the loans. NSBF and the Participants share proportionally in all interest and principal payments made on the loans. Subsequently, UBS, Stifel and Amalgamated amended their participation agreements with NSBF to allow the banks purchase up to 100% participation interests in certain of the PPP loans originated by NSBF. In connection with the amendments, UBS, Stifel, and Amalgamated purchased the remaining 10% participation interests in their participation loans, bringing their participation interests to 100%, while Morgan Stanley continues to hold 90% participation interests as of December 31, 2021. In total, during the year ended December 31, 2021, NSBF sold participations in $729.0 million of PPP loans and continues to hold the PPP loan notes and the PPP loan documents in order to service the loans and facilitate the PPP loan forgiveness process. The servicing liability in connection with the PPP loans was deemed immaterial. PPP loan origination fees are recognized as interest income on sale of PPP loan participations.
A transfer of financial assets must meet the sale criteria under the accounting rules in ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, in order to be considered a sale instead of a secured borrowing. The Company determined that the sale criteria are met and the Participants’ interests in the PPP loans are not held on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As stated in the PPP loan participation agreements, the intention of the parties is for the participation agreements to be absolute and true sales and not secured borrowings. In accordance with the terms of the PPP loan participation agreements and SBA regulations and guidance, NSBF, as the originating lender, retains all servicing rights and is the party responsible to the SBA with respect to all servicing actions, including requests for advance purchases and loan forgiveness, and will be the party eligible for the guarantee purchase of the PPP loan. For the 100% participations, the entire financial asset is considered to have been sold since a 100% ownership interest in the underlying asset’s cash flows has been sold to a third party and only the servicing rights remain with NSBF. For the 90% participations, the transfers met all the conditions of a participating interest as defined by ASC 860 to potentially qualify for sale accounting including (i) there is a proportionate ownership interest in an entire financial asset, (ii) all cash flows are divided proportionately among the participants, (iii) the parties’ rights are parri passu, and (iv) no party has the right to pledge or exchange the entire PPP loan unless all participating interest holders agree. The Company obtained true sale opinions and concluded that legal isolation is met under ASC 860-10-45-5a. As required under ASC 860 for sale accounting, the Company does not have an option or obligation to reacquire the assets, except for standard representations and warranties, such as in the event of fraud, gross negligence, or willful misconduct on the part of the Company, or failure to meet the ongoing contractual obligations to service the PPP loans. Owners of participations in PPP loans also have credit protection in the form of a 100% irrevocable government guarantee.
Congress enacted the Economic Aid Act on December 27, 2020, which, among other things, provided funding for PPP loans. On March 25, 2021, Congress passed the PPP Extension Act of 2021, which extended the PPP through May 31, 2021. During the duration of the PPP through December 31, 2020, NSBF funded approximately 10,570 PPP loans totaling $1.2 billion, with an additional $729.0 million funded during year ended ended December 31, 2021. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations - Executive Summary.” NSBF funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021. NSBF has redeployed the resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans. Income earned in connection with the PPP should not be viewed as recurring.
Cash Flows and Liquidity
As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s unused sources of liquidity consisted of $74.0 million available through the Capital One facility; $15.5 million available through notes payable with related parties; and $2.4 million in unrestricted cash.
Restricted cash of $184.5 million as of December 31, 2021 is primarily held by NSBF. The majority, or $182.8 million of restricted cash includes reserves in the event payments are insufficient to cover interest and/or principal with respect to securitizations and loan principal and interest collected which are due to loan participants.
The Company generated and used cash as follows:
(in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 140,923 $ 17,763
Net cash used in investing activities - (10)
Net cash used in financing activities (5,488) 465
Net increase in cash and restricted cash 135,435 18,218
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period 51,425 33,207
Cash and restricted cash, end of period $ 186,860 $ 51,425
During the year ended December 31, 2021, operating activities provided cash of $140.9 million, consisting primarily of (i) $1.2 billion of proceeds from the sale of SBA 7(a) guaranteed loan investments, (ii) $77.1 million of principal payments received from SBA non-affiliate investments and (iii) a $8.2 million decrease in broker receivables which arise from the
guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans that were traded in the period but did not settled during the current period end and the
cash was not received from the purchasing broker during the current period; the amount varies depending on loan origination
volume and timing of sales at quarter end.
These increases were offset by (i) $1.3 billion of SBA 7(a) and PPP loan investments funded and (ii) $55.3 million of investments in controlled portfolio companies.
Net cash used in financing activities was $5.5 million consisting primarily of (i) a redemption of $57.5 million and $40.0 million of the 2023 and 2024 Notes, respectively; (ii) $75.4 million of principal payments related to securitization notes payable (iii) $36.3 million of net repayments under our bank notes payable, (iv) net repayments under the Related Party RLOC of $12.6 million and (v) $70.1 million of dividend payments.
These uses were offset by (i) $115.0 million, $10.0 million and $15.0 million of issuances of the 2026 Notes, 2025 Notes, and 2024 Notes, respectively, and (ii) $50.0 million of net proceeds from the sale of common shares under the 2020 ATM Equity Distribution Agreement.
Contractual Obligations
The following table represents the Company’s obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2021:
(in thousands) Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations Total 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter
Bank notes payable $ 50,000 $ - $ 50,000 $ - $ - $ -
Securitization notes payable1
249,750 - - - - - 249,750
Notes due 20241
38,250 - - 38,250 - -
Notes due 20251
15,000 - - - 15,000 -
Notes due 20261
115,000 - - - - 115,000 -
Employment agreements 763 763 - - - - -
Operating leases 10,175 1,876 1,928 1,981 2,035 1,915 440
Totals $ 490,388 $ 2,639 $ 63,378 $ 40,231 $ 17,035 $ 116,915 $ 250,190
(1) Amounts represent principal only and are not shown net of unamortized debt issuance costs. See NOTE 8-BORROWINGS.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have identified the following items as critical accounting policies.
Fair Value Measurements
We value investments for which market quotations are readily available at their market quotations. However, a readily available market value is not expected to exist for many of the investments in our portfolio, and we value these portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board under our valuation policy and process. We may seek pricing information with respect to certain of our investments from pricing services or brokers or dealers in order to value such investments. We also employ independent third party valuation firms for certain of our investments for which there is not a readily available market value.
The application of our valuation methods may include comparisons of the portfolio companies to peer companies that are public, the enterprise value of a portfolio company, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings, discounted cash flow, the markets in which the portfolio company does business and other relevant factors. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, we will consider the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate the private equity valuation. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments and may differ materially from values that may ultimately be received or settled.
Our Board is ultimately and solely responsible for determining, in good faith, the fair value of investments that are not publicly traded, whose market prices are not readily available on a quarterly basis or any other situation where portfolio investments require a fair value determination.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels for disclosure purposes. The Company carries all investments at fair value. Additionally, the Company carries its servicing assets at fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority (Level 1) to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and gives the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of the significant input to its valuation. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain U.S. Treasury, other U.S. Government and agency mortgage-backed debt securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.
Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes certain U.S. Government and agency mortgage-backed debt securities, corporate debt securities, derivative contracts and residential mortgage loans held-for-sale.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. This category generally includes certain private equity investments, retained residual interests in securitizations, residential mortgage servicing rights, and highly structured or long-term derivative contracts.
In December 2020, Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act was adopted by the SEC and establishes requirements for determining fair value in good faith for purposes of the 1940 Act. We are evaluating the impact of adopting Rule 2a-5 on the consolidated financial statements and intend to comply with the new rule's requirements on or before the compliance date in September 2022.
Valuation of Investments
Level 1 investments are valued using quoted market prices. Level 2 investments are valued using market consensus prices that
are corroborated by observable market data and quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities. Level 3 investments are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board, based on input of management, the audit committee and independent valuation firms that have been engaged at the direction of the Board to assist in the valuation of certain portfolio investments without a readily available market quotation at least once during a trailing twelve-month period under a valuation policy and a consistently applied valuation process.
When determining fair value of Level 3 debt and equity investments, the Company may take into account the following factors, where relevant: the enterprise value of a portfolio company, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparisons to publicly traded securities, and changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets generally that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made and other relevant factors. The primary methods for determining enterprise value include a discounted cash flow analysis and a multiple analysis whereby appropriate multiples are applied to the portfolio company’s EBITDA or revenue. The enterprise value analysis is performed to determine the value of equity investments and to determine if debt investments are credit impaired. If debt investments are credit impaired, the Company will use the enterprise value analysis or a liquidation basis analysis to determine fair value. For debt investments that are not determined to be credit impaired, the Company uses a market interest rate yield analysis to determine fair value.
In addition, for certain debt investments, the Company may base its valuation on quotes provided by an independent third party broker.
For certain investments, the Company generally calculates the fair value of the investment primarily based on the NAV of the entity and adjusts the fair value for other factors that would affect the fair value of the investment. The Company uses this valuation approach for its investment in NCL.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of Level 3 investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that may ultimately be received or settled. Further, such investments are generally subject to legal and other restrictions or otherwise are less liquid than publicly traded instruments. If the Company were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, the Company may realize significantly less than the value at which such investment had previously been recorded.
The Company’s investments are subject to market risk. Market risk is the potential for changes in the value due to market changes. Market risk is directly impacted by the volatility and liquidity in the markets in which the investments are traded.
Changes in the market environment, portfolio company performance and other events that may occur over the lives of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be materially different than the valuations currently assigned. We determine the fair value of each individual investment and record changes in fair value as unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Our investment portfolio is carried on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities at fair value with any adjustments to fair value recognized as "Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation)" on the consolidated statements of operations until the investment is realized, usually upon exit, resulting in any gain or loss being recognized as a "Net realized gains (losses)."
Our Board has the final responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and approving, in good faith, our determination of the fair value for our investment portfolio and our valuation procedures, consistent with 1940 Act requirements. We believe our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 approximates fair value as of those dates based on the markets in which we operate and other conditions in existence on those reporting dates.
Valuation of Servicing Assets
The Company accounts for servicing assets in accordance with ASC 860-50 - Transfers and Servicing - Servicing Assets and Liabilities. Servicing assets are measured at fair value at each reporting date and the Company reports changes in the fair value of servicing assets in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. The valuation model for servicing assets incorporates assumptions including, but not limited to, servicing costs, discount rate, prepayment rate, and default rate. Considerable judgement is required to estimate the fair value of servicing assets and as such these assets are classified as Level 3 in our fair value hierarchy.
Income Recognition
Management reviews all loans that become 90 days or more past due on principal or interest or when there is reasonable doubt
that principal or interest will be collected for possible placement on management’s designation of non-accrual status. Interest receivable is analyzed regularly and may be reserved against when deemed uncollectible. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment regarding collectability. Non-accrual loans are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and, in management’s judgment, are likely to remain current, although we may make exceptions to this general rule if the loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection.
In addition, under the PPP that began in the second quarter of 2020, the SBA reimbursed the Company for originating loans. Such SBA reimbursements are included as interest income on PPP loans. Such fees are accounted for under ASC-310 Receivables and deferred until the loan was sold to one of our Participants. Income earned in connection with the PPP should not be viewed as recurring. NSBF funded the balance of its PPP loans by the end of July 2021. NSBF has redeployed the resources used to generate PPP loans to the origination of SBA 7(a) loans.
We receive servicing income related to the guaranteed portions of SBA loan investments which we sell into the secondary market. These recurring fees are earned and recorded daily. Servicing income is earned for the full term of the loan or until the loan is repaid.
We receive a variety of fees from borrowers in the ordinary course of conducting our business, including packaging fees, legal fees, late fees and prepayment fees. All other income is recorded when earned.
Dividends are recorded as dividend income on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Dividend income is recorded at the time dividends are declared. Distributions of earnings from a portfolio companies are evaluated to determine if the distribution is income, return of capital or realized gain.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
The Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns prior to fiscal year 2018 are generally closed, and management continually evaluates expiring statutes of limitations, audits, proposed settlements, changes in tax law and new authoritative rulings.
The Company has elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code beginning with the 2015 tax year and operates in a manner so as to continue to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to RICs. The RIC tax return includes Newtek Business Services Corp. and NSBF, a single member LLC disregarded for tax purposes. None of the Company’s other subsidiaries are included in the RIC tax return. The Company will evaluate and record any deferred tax assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries that are not included in the RIC tax return. In order to maintain its RIC tax treatment, among other things, the Company is required to meet certain source of income and asset diversification requirements and timely distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code, for each tax year. The Company intends to make the requisite distributions to its stockholders, which will generally relieve the Company from U.S. federal income taxes with respect to any income that is distributed to its stockholders as dividends.
Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, the Company may choose to retain taxable income in excess of current year dividend distributions and would distribute such taxable income in the next tax year. The Company would then pay a 4% excise tax on such income, as required. To the extent that the Company determines that its estimated current year annual taxable income, determined on a calendar year basis, could exceed estimated current calendar year dividend distributions, the Company accrues excise tax, if any, on estimated excess taxable income as taxable income is earned. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, no U.S. federal excise taxes were due.
The Company’s Taxable Subsidiaries accrue income taxes payable based on the applicable corporate rates on the net unrealized appreciation generated by the controlled investments held by the Taxable Subsidiaries. Such deferred tax liabilities amounted to $12.7 million and $11.4 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and are recorded as deferred tax liabilities on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. The change in deferred tax liabilities is included as a component of net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,(“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts and transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848),” which expanded the scope of Topic 848 to include derivative instruments impacted by discounting transition. ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. ASU No. 2021-01 provides increased clarity as the Company continues to evaluate the transition of reference rates and is currently evaluating the impact of adopting 2021-01 on the consolidated financial statements, however, the impact of the adoption is not expected to be material.The adoption of ASU 2020-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In May 2020, the SEC adopted amendments to the financial disclosure requirements in Regulation S-X including the significance tests in the “significant subsidiary” definition in Rule 1-02(w), Securities Act Rule 405, and Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 to improve their application and to assist registrants in making more meaningful determinations of whether a subsidiary or an acquired or disposed business is significant. In addition, to address the unique attributes of investment companies and business development companies, the SEC updated the significance tests in Rule 1-02(w), Securities Act Rule 405, and Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 by (i) revising the investment test to compare the registrant’s investments in and advances to the acquired or disposed business to the registrant’s aggregate worldwide market value if available; (ii) revising the income test by adding a revenue component; (iii) expanding the use of pro forma financial information in measuring significance; and (iv) conforming, to the extent applicable, the significance threshold and tests for disposed businesses to those used for acquired businesses. The amendment became effective January 1, 2021.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-08, Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, (“ASU 2020-08”). This ASU clarifies that an entity should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is within the scope of ASC paragraph 310-20-35-33 for each reporting period. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2020-08 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements since the Company does not have any convertible debt.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 815), (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. ASU 2019-12 also improves the consistent application of, and simplifies, GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Standards
In November 2020, the SEC published Release No. IC-34084 Use of Derivatives by Registered Investment Companies and Business Development Companies and adopted rules amending Rule 18f-4 and Rule 6c-11. Under the newly adopted rules, BDCs that use derivatives will be subject to a value-at-risk leverage limit, a derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements will apply unless the BDC qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined under the adopted rules. Under the new rule, a BDC may enter into an unfunded commitment agreement that is not a derivatives transaction, such as an agreement to provide financing to a portfolio company, if the BDC has, among other things, a reasonable belief, at the time it enters into such an agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as it becomes due. Compliance is required by August 19, 2022. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
There were no off balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2021.
Recent Developments
NCL
On January 28, 2022, NCL closed its conventional commercial loan securitization with the sale of $56.3 million Class A Notes, NCL Business Loan Trust 2022-1, Business Loan-Backed Notes, Series 2022-1, secured by a segregated asset pool consisting primarily of conventional commercial business loans, originated by NCL and NBL. The Class A Notes were rated “A” (sf) by DBRS Morningstar, had a 65.0% advance rate, and were priced at a yield of 3.209%.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets, and the effect of the volatility could materially impact our market risks, including those listed below.
We consider the principal types of risk in our investing activities to be fluctuations in interest rates and loan portfolio valuations and the availability of the secondary market for our SBA loans. Risk management systems and procedures are designed to identify and analyze our risks, to set appropriate policies and limits and to continually monitor these risks and limits by means of reliable administrative and information systems and other policies and programs.
NSBF primarily lends at an interest rate of prime, which resets on a quarterly basis, plus a fixed margin. The Capital One revolver lines are on a prime plus or minus a fixed factor basis and the securitization notes are at prime or 1 month LIBOR, plus a fixed margin, whichever is less. As a result, the Company believes it has matched its cost of funds to its interest income in its financing activities. However, because of the differential between the amount lent and the smaller amount financed a significant change in market interest rates will have a material effect on our income. In periods of sharply rising interest rates, our cost of funds will increase at a slower rate than the interest income earned on the loans we have originated; this should improve our net investment income, holding all other factors constant. However, a reduction in interest rates will result in the Company experiencing a reduction in investment income; that is, its interest income will decline more quickly than interest expense resulting in a net reduction of benefit to investment income.
NSBF depends on the availability of secondary market purchasers for the guaranteed portions of SBA loans and the premium received on such sales to support its lending operations. Sale prices for guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans could be negatively impacted by market conditions, in particular a higher interest rate environment, which typically lead to higher prepayments during the period, resulting in lower sale prices in the secondary market. A reduction in the price of guaranteed SBA 7(a) loans could negatively impact our business.
We do not have significant exposure to changing interest rates on invested cash (includes cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash) which was approximately $186.9 million at December 31, 2021. We do not purchase or hold derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. All of our transactions are conducted in U.S. dollars and we do not have any foreign currency or foreign exchange risk. We do not trade commodities or have any commodity price risk.
We believe that we have placed our demand deposits, cash investments and their equivalents with high credit-quality financial institutions. As of December 31, 2021, cash deposits in excess of insured amounts totaled approximately $41.0 million.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
Our consolidated financial statements and related notes begin on Page, which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. .
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:
As of December 31, 2021 (the end of the period covered by this report), we, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and provided reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our periodic SEC filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, in evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
There has not been any change in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 based upon criteria in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on our assessment, management determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021 based on the criteria in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm.
RSM US LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, as stated in its report, which is included under “ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA” of this annual report on Form 10-K.
(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
The information required by Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days following the end of our fiscal year.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a)(1) Financial Statements.
(a)(2) The following financial statement schedule is filed herewith:
Schedule of Investments In and Advances to Affiliates as of December 31, 2021
No other financial statement schedules are filed herewith because (1) such schedules are not required or (2) the information has been presented in the aforementioned financial statements.
(a)(3) Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed herewith or are incorporated by reference to exhibits previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Number Description
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Newtek Business Services Corp. (Previously filed in connection with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-191499) filed on November 3, 2014, and incorporated by reference herein).
3.2
Bylaws of Newtek Business Services Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 (File No. 333-195998), filed September 24, 2014).
3.3
Newtek Conventional Lending II, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Newtek’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 (File No. 814-01035), filed May 13, 2021.
4.1
Form of Common Stock Certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 (File No. 333-195998), filed September 24, 2014).
4.2
Description of Securities filed herewith.
4.3
Base Indenture, dated as of September 23, 2015, between Newtek, as issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit d.2 to Newtek’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to its Registration Statement on Form N-2, No. 333-204915, filed September 23, 2015).
4.4
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 29, 2019, between Newtek, as issuer, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit d.8 to Newtek’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to its Registration Statement on Form N-2, No. 333-224976, filed July 29, 2019).
4.5
Form of Global Note with respect to the 5.75% Notes due 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit d.8 to Newtek’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to its Registration Statement on Form N-2, No. 333-224976, filed July 29, 2019).
4.6
Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 27, 2020, relating to the 6.85% Notes due 2025, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 27, 2020).
4.7
Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 6, 2021, relating to the 6.85% Notes due 2025, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 6, 2021).
4.8
Seventh Supplemental Indenture dated of January 22, 2021 between Newtek Business Services Corp. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 22, 2021).
4.9
Form of 5.50 % Notes due 2026 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 22, 2021).
4.10
Eighth Supplement Indenture dated of February 16, 2021 between Newtek Business Services Corp. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 16, 2021).
4.11
Form of 5.75 % Notes due 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 16, 2021).
10.1
Form of Dividend Reinvestment Plan (Previously filed in connection with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-191499) filed on November 3, 2014, and incorporated by reference herein).
10.2
Newtek Business Services Corp. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 8.6 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 (File No. 333-195998), filed September 24, 2014).
10.3
Guaranty, dated as of February 28, 2011, by and between Newtek Business Services, Inc. and Sterling National Bank (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10.2 to Newtek Business Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-16123), filed March 3, 2011).
10.4
Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2017, by and among Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC, Capital One, National Association and UBS Bank USA as Lenders, and Capital One, National Association as Administrative Agent, Sole Bookrunner and Sole Lead Arranger (Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 16, 2017).
10.5
Second Amended and Restated Guaranty of Payment and Performance, dated as of May 11, 2017, delivered by Newtek Business Services Corp. in favor of Capital One, National Association, in its capacity as administrative agent, and the Lenders under the Fourth Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 10.2 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 16, 2017).
10.6
Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2018, by and among Newtek Business Lending, LLC and Capital One, National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit k.4 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Newtek’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, No. 333-224976, filed August 31, 2018).
10.7
Guaranty of Payment and Performance, dated as of July 31, 2018, by and among Newtek and Capital One, National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit k.5 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Newtek’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, No. 333-224976, filed August 31, 2018).
10.8
Omnibus Amendment No. 3 to Loan Documents, dated as of September 13, 2019, by and among Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC, Capital One, National Association and UBS Bank USA as Lenders, and Capital One, National Association as Administrative Agent filed herewith.
10.9
Amended and Restated Form of Custody Agreement dated as of October 30, 2015 by and between Newtek Business Services Corp. and U.S. Bank National Association (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Newtek Business Services Corp.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015 (File No. 814-01035) filed on November 5, 2015.
10.10
Membership Purchase Agreement, dated July 23, 2015, by and among Newtek Business Services Corp., Newtek Business Services Holdco1, Inc., Premier Payments LLC and Jeffrey Rubin (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 814-01035), filed on July 29, 2015).
10.11
Omnibus Amendment No. 2 to Loan Documents, dated as of June 24, 2019, by and among Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC, and UBS Bank USA, as lender, and Capital One, National Association as Administrative Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 24, 2019).
10.17
Credit Agreement dated November 8, 2018, by and among Universal Processing Services of Wisconsin LLC and Premier Payments LLC, and the several banks and other parties from time to time parties thereto as lenders and Webster Bank, National Association. (Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit k.6 to Newtek’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to its Registration Statement on Form N-2, No. 333-224976, filed December 14, 2018).
10.18
Parent Guaranty Agreement, dated November 8, 2018, by and among the Company and Webster Bank, National Association. (Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit k.7 to Newtek’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to its Registration Statement on Form N-2, No. 333-224976, filed December 14, 2018).
10.19
Limited Liability Agreement, dated as of November 27, 2018, by and between Newtek Commercial Lending, Inc. and Conventional Lending TCP Holdings LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 29, 2018).
10.21
Omnibus Amendment No. 4 to Loan Documents, dated as of May 7, 2020, by and among Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC, Capital One, National Association and UBS Bank USA as Lenders and Capital One, National Association as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 11, 2020).
10.22
Stock Purchase Agreement by and among Newtek Business Services Corp. and the Sellers named in Schedule A thereto (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 2, 2021).
10.23
Employment Agreement by and between Newtek Business Services Corp. and Nicolas Young dated as of August 2, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 (File No. 814-01035), filed on August 13, 2021).
10.24
Mortgage Warehouse Loan and Security Agreement, by and between NBL SPV III, LLC and One Florida Bank, dated September 21, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
10.25
Master Repurchase Agreement, by and between NBL SPV II, LLC and Deutsche Bank AG, dated March 18, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
10.26
Form of Indemnification Agreement - Peter Downs (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
10.27
Form of Indemnification Agreement - Salvatore Mulia (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
10.28
Form of Indemnification Agreement - Richard Salute (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
10.29
Form of Indemnification Agreement - Barry Sloane (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
10.30
Form of Indemnification Agreement - Gregory Zink (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
10.31
Form of Indemnification Agreement - Halli Razon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Newtek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 (File No. 814-010305), filed November 12, 2021).
14.1
Code of Ethics (Previously filed in connection with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-191499) filed on November 3, 2014, and incorporated by reference herein).
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant filed herewith.
23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1
Certification by Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, furnished herewith.
31.2
Certification by Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, furnished herewith.
32.1
Certification by Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 filed herewith.
32.2
Certification by Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 filed herewith.
99.1
Financial Statements of Newtek Merchant Solutions, LLC and Subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 (audited) filed herewith.
99.2
Financial Statements of Newtek Merchant Solutions, LLC and Subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 (audited) filed herewith.
99.3
Financial Statements of Newtek Merchant Solutions, LLC and Subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 (audited) filed herewith.
99.4
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Supplemental Information filed herewith.