EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 704415
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 704415_10-K_2022_0001564590-22-007093.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Overview
Tivity Health, Inc. (the “Company”), was founded and incorporated in Delaware in 1981. We are a leading provider of healthy life-changing solutions, including SilverSneakers®, Prime® Fitness, and WholeHealth Living®. We help adults improve their health and support them on life’s journey by providing access to in-person and virtual physical activity, social engagement, and mental enrichment programs. We deliver resources that enable members to live healthier, happier, more connected lives. Our solutions support health plans and employers nationwide as they seek to reduce costs and improve health outcomes.
We offer SilverSneakers to approximately 18 million eligible members of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, and group retiree plans. We also offer Prime Fitness, a fitness facility access program, through commercial health plans, employers, and other sponsoring organizations. Our national network of fitness centers delivers both SilverSneakers and Prime Fitness. At December 31, 2021, our SilverSneakers fitness network encompassed approximately 16,000 locations. In January 2022, we launched a customizable, premium fitness network for SilverSneakers that increased our total SilverSneakers fitness network to approximately 23,000 locations. We also offer virtual fitness experiences, including live instructor-led classes. Through our WholeHealth Living program, which we sell primarily to health plans, we offer a continuum of services related to physical and integrative medicine. Our WholeHealth Living network includes relationships with approximately 29,000 physical and integrative medicine practitioner locations to serve individuals through health plans and employers who seek health services such as chiropractic care, acupuncture, physical therapy, occupational therapy, massage therapy, and more.
The Company is headquartered at 701 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, Tennessee 37067.
COVID-19
COVID-19, the global pandemic first recognized by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) as a national public health emergency in January 2020, continues to spread throughout the United States and other countries. Many federal, state, and local governments recommended and mandated precautions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including ordering closure of certain businesses and imposing stay-at-home orders, social distancing guidelines, mask mandates, and vaccine requirements for individuals. Such measures resulted in reduced demand for many businesses. Although many of these restrictions have been eased across the United States, some restrictions remain in place, and new restrictions may be adopted as the pandemic evolves and new variant strains of COVID-19 emerge.
By March 31, 2020, substantially all of the fitness centers in our national network were temporarily closed, which had an adverse impact on our results of operations for the first quarter of 2020 and beyond because a significant portion of revenues from our SilverSneakers program is based on member visits to a fitness partner location. Some locations began reopening in May 2020 and additional locations reopened in June and throughout the remainder of 2020. SilverSneakers in-person visits totaled 46.0 million and 58.4 million for 2020 and 2021, respectively. In addition, while the number of active subscribers for Prime Fitness declined from April through December 2020, as of December 31, 2021, the number of active subscribers had increased slightly since the beginning of 2021. We are unable to predict with certainty how many of our fitness partner locations will be subject to any operational restrictions in the future and for what duration, or the level of member participation at our fitness partner locations.
As fitness locations closed as a result of the pandemic, we quickly adapted to the changing needs of our members and clients by launching a new and dynamic suite of virtual offerings beginning in March 2020, which we will continue to offer. Virtual visits were 1.7 million and 3.4 million for 2020 and 2021, respectively. We believe these digital offerings not only allow our currently homebound members to stay active and connected with the help
of SilverSneakers but that they will also be a critical contributor to our new digitally-enabled member engagement platform going forward.
Customer and Partner Contracts
Except for Prime Fitness, our customer contracts generally have initial terms of approximately three years. Some contracts allow the customer to terminate early and/or determine on an annual basis to which of their members they will offer our programs. For Prime Fitness, our contracts with commercial health plans, employers, and other sponsoring organizations generally have initial terms of approximately three years, while individuals who purchase the Prime Fitness program through these organizations may cancel at any time (on a monthly basis) after an initial period of one to three months. Our fitness partner location contracts generally have initial terms ranging from one to three years and auto-renew for successive one-year renewal terms.
Business Strategy
Our strategy is to enable healthier, happier and more connected lives as a digital platform engagement company that not only provides in-person and virtual fitness, social engagement and mental enrichment opportunities, but also an insights-driven, personalized experience. Our goal is to increase the number of eligible and enrolled SilverSneakers members and broaden engagement through strong health plan partnerships, a robust national network of approximately 23,000 fitness locations, live-with-instructor and on-demand virtual classes, and non-fitness activities that support social connection and lifelong learning. We will also focus on increasing the number of subscribers to Prime Fitness, targeting adults aged 18-64 who are members of sponsoring organizations, through our national network of approximately 12,500 participating locations and our daily live streaming classes. In addition, we plan to accelerate growth in our WholeHealth Living offering through market share expansion and improved technology.
Disposition of our Nutrition Business
Effective as of December 9, 2020, we completed the sale of Nutrisystem, Inc. (“Nutrisystem”), a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Company that included the Nutrisystem® and South Beach Diet® programs, to KNS Acquisition Corp. (“Kainos”) pursuant to terms of a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), dated October 18, 2020, by and among the Company, Kainos, and Kainos NS Holdings LP. At the closing (the “Closing”) of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement (the “Transactions”), Nutrisystem and its subsidiaries were acquired by, and became wholly owned subsidiaries of, Kainos. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, Kainos paid to the Company an aggregate purchase price, after giving effect to customary indebtedness and cash adjustments, of approximately $559 million, which amount was subject to a customary working capital adjustment post-Closing. Such working capital adjustment was finalized in the second quarter of 2021 and resulted in $2.7 million of additional proceeds. We used the significant majority of the net proceeds from the divestiture to pay down principal on the term loans under our Prior Credit Agreement (as defined below). Results of operations for Nutrisystem have been classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Segment and Major Customer Information
Following the sale of Nutrisystem in December 2020, we have one operating and reportable segment.
During 2021, our top three customers, including Humana, Inc. (“Humana”), together comprised 40% of our revenues from continuing operations. Our primary contract with Humana continues through December 31, 2022. See Note 18 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report relating to revenues from external customers and customer concentration.
Competition
The healthcare and fitness industries are highly competitive, and the manner in which services are provided is subject to continual change. Other entities, whose financial and marketing resources may exceed our resources, may choose to initiate or expand programs in competition with our offerings.
We believe we have certain advantages over our competitors such as:
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the brand recognition of our programs such as SilverSneakers;
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our long-term relationships with health plans;
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our long-term relationships with network partners;
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our proprietary class programming, including our growing digital programming;
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the depth and breadth of our fitness center network relationships, which encompass approximately 23,000 SilverSneakers locations; and
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the trusting connections with our members developed over more than 25 years.
However, we cannot assure you that we can compete effectively with other entities who provide similar services.
Industry Integration and Consolidation
Consolidation remains an important factor in all aspects of the healthcare industry. While we believe the size of our membership base provides us with the economies of scale to compete even in a consolidating market, we cannot assure you that we can effectively compete with companies formed as a result of industry consolidation or that we can retain existing customers if they are acquired by other entities that already have or contract for programs similar to ours or are not interested in our programs.
Governmental Regulation
Governmental regulation impacts us in a number of ways in addition to those regulatory risks presented under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” below.
Health Reform
In recent years, Congress and certain state governments have passed a large number of laws and regulations intended to result in major changes within the healthcare system. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “ACA”), the most prominent of these efforts, changes how healthcare services are covered, delivered, and reimbursed through, among other things, expanded health insurance coverage, reduced growth in Medicare program spending, the establishment of programs that tie reimbursement to care quality and value, and private sector health insurance reforms. For example, the ACA established uniform minimum medical loss ratios (“MLRs”) for health plans, requiring a minimum percentage of health coverage premium revenue to be spent on healthcare medical costs and quality improvement expenses.
The ACA has been subject to legislative and regulatory changes. For example, effective January 2019, Congress eliminated the financial penalty associated with the ACA’s individual mandate. This change resulted in legal challenges to the constitutionality of the individual mandate and validity of the ACA as a whole. However, in June 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the plaintiffs lacked standing, allowing the law to remain in place. Nonetheless, the elimination of the individual mandate penalty may impact the number of individuals that elect to obtain public or private health insurance or the scope of such coverage, if purchased.
The current presidential administration has indicated that it generally intends to protect and strengthen the ACA, but there is uncertainty regarding the ongoing net effect of the ACA due to the potential for changes to the law, its implementation, and its interpretation. There is also uncertainty regarding the potential impact of other health reform efforts at the federal and state levels. For example, beginning in 2020, the Creating High-quality Results and Outcomes Necessary to Improve Chronic (CHRONIC) Care Act of 2018 (“Chronic Care Act”) allows Medicare Advantage plans to cover supplemental benefits that are not primarily health-related, but that have the reasonable expectation of improving or maintaining health. Additionally, some members of Congress have proposed measures that would expand government-sponsored coverage, including single-payor proposals (often referred to as "Medicare for All").
Other Laws
While many of the governmental and regulatory requirements affecting healthcare delivery generally do not directly apply to us, our customers must comply with a variety of regulations including those governing Medicare Advantage plans and their marketing and the licensing and reimbursement requirements of federal, state and local agencies. Certain of our services, including health service utilization management and certain claims payment functions, require licensure by state government agencies. We are subject to a variety of legal requirements in order to obtain and maintain such licenses.
Federal privacy regulations issued pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) extensively restrict the use and disclosure of individually-identifiable health information by health plans, most healthcare providers, and certain other entities (collectively, “covered entities”). Federal security regulations issued pursuant to HIPAA require covered entities to implement and maintain administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic individually-identifiable health information. Because we handle individually-identifiable health information on behalf of covered entities, we are considered a "business associate" and are required to comply with most aspects of the HIPAA privacy and security regulations. Violations of HIPAA and its implementing regulations may result in criminal penalties and in substantial civil penalties for each violation. These penalties are updated annually based on changes to the consumer price index.
In the event of a data breach involving individually-identifiable health information, we are subject to contractual obligations and state and federal requirements that require us to notify our customers. These requirements may also require us or our customers to notify affected individuals, regulatory agencies, and the media of the data breach. Under HIPAA, non-permitted uses and disclosures of unsecured individually identifiable health information are presumed to be breaches for which notice is required, unless it can be demonstrated that there is a low probability the information has been compromised.
In addition, there are numerous other laws and legislative and regulatory initiatives at the federal and state levels addressing the confidentiality and security of confidential personal information that may apply to us directly or contractually. These laws vary, are subject to frequent changes and updates in regulations, and could impose additional penalties and other legal liability. For example, the potential effects of the CCPA and CPRA (as defined under Item 1A “Risk Factors”) are far-reaching and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission uses its consumer protection authority to initiate enforcement actions in response to data use and data breaches. If we fail to comply with these or other applicable laws and regulations, we could be subject to liabilities, including civil penalties, money damages, and criminal penalties.
Federal law contains various prohibitions related to false statements and false claims, some of which apply to private payors as well as federal programs. Our contracts with Medicare Advantage plans may subject us to a number of obligations, including billing and reimbursement requirements, prohibitions on fraudulent and abusive conduct and related training and screening obligations. Actions may be brought under the federal False Claims Act by the government as well as by private individuals, known as “whistleblowers,” who are permitted to share in any settlement or judgment. Liability under the federal False Claims Act arises when an entity knowingly submits a false claim for reimbursement to the federal government. The federal False Claims Act defines the term “knowingly” broadly. There are many other potential bases for liability under the federal False Claims Act, including knowingly and improperly avoiding repayment of an overpayment received from the government and the knowing failure to report and return an overpayment within 60 days of identifying the overpayment. The submission of claims for services or items generated in violation of certain “fraud and abuse” provisions of the Social Security Act, including the anti-kickback provisions, constitutes a false or fraudulent claim under the federal False Claims Act. In some cases, whistleblowers, the federal government, and some courts have taken the position that entities that allegedly have violated other statutes, such as the federal self-referral prohibition commonly known as the Stark Law, have thereby submitted false claims under the federal False Claims Act.
From time to time, participants in the healthcare industry, including the Company and our customers, may be subject to actions under the federal False Claims Act or other fraud and abuse laws, including similar state statutes, and it is not possible to predict the impact of such actions. Violations of applicable laws may result in significant civil and criminal penalties. For example, violations of the federal False Claims Act may result in penalties of three times
the actual damages sustained by the government, plus substantial mandatory civil penalties for each separate false claim. These penalties are updated annually based on changes to the consumer price index.
Because of the international operations previously conducted as part of our total population health services (“TPHS”) business that we sold to Sharecare, Inc. (“Sharecare”) in July 2016, we were subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and similar anti-bribery laws of other countries in which we provided services prior to the sale. The FCPA and similar antibribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials or other third parties for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or gaining any business advantage. Failure to comply with the FCPA and similar legislation prior to the sale of our TPHS business could result in the imposition of civil or criminal fines and penalties.
Intellectual Property
We own numerous trademarks and other proprietary rights that are important to our business. Depending upon the jurisdiction, trademarks are valid as long as they are used in the regular course of trade and/or their registrations are properly maintained. We believe the protection of our trademarks, copyrights, domain names, trade dress, and trade secrets is important to our success. We protect our intellectual property rights by relying on a combination of watch services and trademark, copyright, trade dress and trade secret laws, and through the domain name dispute resolution system.
Human Capital Resources
Employee Profile
As of February 21, 2022, we had approximately 380 employees, comprised of approximately 35% male and 65% female. Of our total employees, approximately 50% were assigned to our office in Chandler, Arizona, 10% were assigned to our office in Franklin, Tennessee, and the remaining 40% were based off-campus within the United States. Throughout 2021, however, the majority of our employees worked primarily from their homes. We believe we have good relationships with our employees, and we encourage open and candid communication to ensure we maintain positive relationships, connectivity, and engagement.
Health and Safety
We are committed to the health and safety of our employees. We have implemented health and safety policies and practices, taking into account CDC guidance and any applicable state or local requirements, to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, including adopting flexible work-from-home arrangements, imposing travel restrictions, promoting social distancing, and cleaning protocols at our two office locations. Employees who choose to be in the office must either provide proof of vaccination or wear a mask, and attendance at in-person meetings requires proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test.
Diversity and Inclusion
We embrace diversity and inclusion and believe in creating an inclusive and equitable environment that represents a broad spectrum of backgrounds and cultures. Our CEO has pledged his commitment to the CEO Action for Diversity & InclusionTM, which outlines a specific set of actions the CEO will take to cultivate a trusting environment where all ideas are welcomed, and employees feel comfortable and empowered to have discussions about diversity and inclusion. To further this effort and in addition to our existing communication vehicles, we have created a diversity and inclusion council, which includes internally- and externally-focused committees; launched a diversity-focused listening series; and conducted unconscious bias training sessions with all employees, including as part of the on-boarding program for new employees. With the assistance of our diversity and inclusion council, we continue to explore additional diversity and inclusion initiatives, and we provide regular updates to our Board of Directors.
Employee Engagement
We regularly conduct anonymous surveys to seek feedback from our employees on a variety of topics, including but not limited to, confidence in Company leadership, competitiveness of our compensation and benefits package, career growth opportunities and improvements on how we could make our Company an employer of
choice. The results are shared with the entire organization and are reviewed by senior leadership, who analyze areas of progress or deterioration and prioritize actions and activities in response to this feedback to drive meaningful improvements in employee engagement. We have also established regular communication between the CEO and employees. Finally, we monitor employee turnover, with a particular emphasis on regretted turnover, and conduct exit interviews with departing employees.
Available Information
Our Internet address is www.tivityhealth.com. We make available free of charge, on or through our Internet website, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and proxy statements, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains periodic reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. A copy of the Tivity Health, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2021 filed with the SEC is also available from the Company (without exhibits) at no charge. These requests should be directed to Jill Meyer, Vice President - Corporate Communications, or Matt Milanovich, Vice President - Investor Relations and FP&A, at the Company's corporate office.
Additionally, we webcast via our website our earnings calls and certain events we participate in or host. We encourage investors and others interested in our company to review the information that we make available on our website.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In the execution of our business strategy, our operations and financial condition are subject to certain risks. A summary of certain material risks is provided below, and you should take such risks into account in evaluating any investment decision involving the Company. This section does not describe all risks applicable to us and is intended only as a summary of certain material factors that could impact our operations in the industry in which we operate. Other sections of this report contain additional information concerning these and other risks.
Risks Relating to Our Business Generally
The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, substantially all of the fitness centers in our national network were temporarily closed for portions of 2020, and the average monthly total participation levels of our members after such locations reopened were significantly below historical levels, thus adversely impacting our revenues during 2020. Participation levels increased during 2021 but remained below pre-pandemic levels. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to spread, the emergence of new variants of COVID-19, the development, availability, distribution and effectiveness of vaccines and treatments, and public confidence in such vaccines and treatments, and the extent and duration of measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business and government shutdowns. Although restrictions have eased in most jurisdictions, rates of COVID-19 infection in regions across the United States and the world have remained high in recent months, and some areas have re-imposed some restrictions due to such high rates of COVID-19 cases. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected, and may continue to affect, overall economic conditions in the United States.
We have faced and may continue to face reclosures and/or long-term closures and other operational restrictions with respect to some or all of our fitness partner locations for prolonged periods of time due to, among other factors, evolving governmental restrictions including public health directives, quarantine policies, or social distancing measures. Additionally, even if fitness partner locations are open, members may avoid public gathering places because of a perceived risk of infection or risk to health, which could reduce overall demand and adversely impact their use of our services. Further, members who were unable to participate in our programs due to COVID-19 restrictions or chose not to participate in our programs due to perceived risks related to COVID-19 may not restart active participation in our programs (even in the absence of COVID-19 restrictions or perceived risks related to COVID-19) because they have replaced our programs with another fitness program or otherwise modified or stopped their fitness routine. Because a significant portion of our revenues from our SilverSneakers program is
based on member visits to a fitness partner location, this decrease in member participation has affected and could further adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The extent to which COVID-19 continues to affect our results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including whether there are additional outbreaks, mutations, variants, or related strains of the virus in locations where we operate, and the availability of, and prevalence of access to, effective medical treatments and vaccines for COVID-19.
Consumer spending generally may also be negatively impacted by adverse general macroeconomic conditions and reduced consumer confidence, including the impacts of any recession resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. This has negatively impacted, and may further negatively impact, the number of paid subscribers in our Prime Fitness program.
We provide our employees with flexibility to work in the office or from home as business and customer needs allow. Most employees work from home the majority of the time, which may negatively impact productivity and cause other disruptions to our business. We have incurred, and may incur in the future, costs related to implementing our work-from-home program as well as additional cleaning fees and supplies related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
We are uncertain of the potential long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, and the severity, duration, and timing of the business and economic impacts from the continuing, unprecedented public health effort to contain and combat the spread of COVID-19, which has previously included, and may in the future include, among other things, significant volatility in financial markets and a sharp decrease in the value of equity securities, including our common stock.
Our business strategy relating to the development and introduction of new products and services exposes us to risks such as limited customer and/or market acceptance and additional expenditures that may not result in additional net revenue.
An important component of our business strategy is to focus on new products and services that enable us to provide immediate value to our customers. We cannot predict whether customers and/or the market will accept these new products and services, and if we fail to execute successfully on this strategy or to adapt this strategy as market conditions evolve, our ability to grow revenue and our results of operations may be adversely affected.
If we fail to successfully implement our business strategy, our financial performance and our growth could be materially and adversely affected.
Our future financial performance and success are dependent in large part upon our ability to implement our business strategy successfully. Implementation of our strategy will require effective management of our operational, financial and human resources and will place significant demands on those resources. See Part I, Item 1. “Business - Business Strategy" in this report for more information regarding our business strategy. There are risks involved in pursuing our strategy, including the ability to hire or retain the personnel necessary to manage our strategy effectively.
In addition to the risks set forth above, implementation of our business strategy could be affected by a number of factors beyond our control, such as epidemics and pandemics, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (including responses of governmental authorities to contain such epidemics and pandemics), increased competition, legal developments, government regulation, general economic conditions (including rates of inflation), increased operating costs or expenses, and changes in industry trends. We may decide to alter or discontinue certain aspects of our business strategy at any time. If we are not able to implement our business strategy successfully, our long-term growth and profitability may be adversely affected. Even if we are able to implement some or all of the initiatives of our business strategy successfully, our operating results may not improve to the extent we anticipate, or at all.
We may experience difficulties associated with the implementation and/or integration of new businesses, services (including outsourced services), technologies, solutions, or products.
We may face difficulties, costs, and delays in effectively implementing and/or integrating acquired businesses, services (including outsourced services), technologies, solutions, or products into our business. Implementing
internally-developed solutions and products, and/or integrating newly acquired businesses, services (including outsourced services), and technologies could be time-consuming and may strain our resources. Consequently, we may not be successful in implementing and/or integrating these new businesses, services, technologies, solutions, or products and may not achieve anticipated revenue and cost benefits.
Changes in macroeconomic conditions and certain market risks may adversely affect our business.
Economic difficulties and other macroeconomic conditions (including rates of inflation or any downturn or recession) could reduce the demand and/or the timing of purchases for certain of our services from customers and potential customers. In addition, changes in economic conditions could create liquidity and credit constraints. We cannot assure you that we would be able to secure additional financing if needed and, if such funds were available, that the terms and conditions would be acceptable to us.
Legislative, regulatory, and legal developments involving taxes could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We are subject to U.S. federal and state income, payroll, property, sales and use, and other types of taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our provisions for income taxes. Changes in tax rates, enactments of new tax laws, revisions of tax regulations, and claims or litigation with taxing authorities could result in substantially higher taxes. For example, governmental tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies, and the Biden administration has proposed several corporate tax increases, including raising the U.S. corporate income tax rate, which, if enacted, could adversely affect our tax provision, cash tax liability, and effective tax rate.
Certain of our interest rate swap agreements do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, which may result in volatility in our U.S. GAAP earnings.
We maintain five interest rate swap agreements that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment (“de-designated swaps”). At December 31, 2021, the de-designated swaps had current notional amounts totaling $266.7 million. The de-designated swaps are recorded at their estimated fair value in the consolidated balance sheet, with changes in fair value recognized each period in current earnings. Such changes may result in volatility in our U.S. GAAP earnings and may adversely affect the price of our common stock.
The Sharecare Equity Security is subject to certain risks and could experience volatility or losses.
As described in Note 12 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements, in July 2021, we received 11,079,331 shares of Sharecare Common Stock as a result of the Sharecare Transaction. The Sharecare Equity Security is subject to restrictions on resale, including a customary lockup period, and is subject to certain economic and financial market risks. The timing and amount of cash proceeds from any potential disposition of all or a portion of the Sharecare Equity Security following the expiration of the lockup period is uncertain. The risk of volatility or loss associated with the Sharecare Equity Security could be increased during periods of instability in financial markets and economic conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since July 2021, we carry the Sharecare Equity Security on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value, and we recognize any changes in fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security in net income as unrealized gains or losses, as required under ASC 321. Changes in the fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.
We cannot guarantee that our stock repurchase program will be fully implemented or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value.
In September 2021, our board of directors approved a new stock repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $100 million of our common stock. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and we are not obligated to repurchase a specified number or dollar value of shares, on any particular timetable or at all. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase stock at favorable prices. The stock repurchase program may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time and, even if fully implemented, may not enhance long-term stockholder value.
We have a significant amount of goodwill and intangible assets, the value of which could become further impaired.
We have recorded significant portions of the purchase price of certain acquisitions as goodwill and/or intangible assets. We review goodwill and intangible assets not subject to amortization for impairment on an annual basis (during the fourth quarter) or more frequently whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The COVID-19 pandemic has had and is having an adverse impact on the overall economy, resulting in rapidly changing market and economic conditions that have impacted the Company. In March 2020, we experienced a significant decline in the Company’s market capitalization and in our actual and forecasted operating results, in addition to the unfavorable change in market conditions. As a result, management concluded that there were triggering events during the first quarter of 2020 necessitating an impairment evaluation of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets (which consist of the Nutrisystem tradename and the SilverSneakers tradename). Following these evaluations, we recorded a total impairment loss of $199.5 million related to the Nutrisystem goodwill and tradename during the first quarter of 2020, which amount is reflected in loss from discontinued operations. We determined there was no impairment related to the SilverSneakers tradename or the carrying value of goodwill related to continuing operations. During the third and fourth quarters of 2020, we recorded additional impairment losses of $66.2 million and $24.0 million related to the Nutrition business, each of which is reflected in loss from discontinued operations. At December 31, 2021, we had approximately $334.7 million and $29.0 million of goodwill and intangible assets, respectively, remaining. If we determine that the carrying values of our goodwill and/or intangible assets related to continuing operations should be impaired, we may incur non-cash charges to earnings, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of continuing operations for the period in which the impairment occurs.
In order to be successful, we must attract, engage, retain and integrate key employees and have adequate succession plans in place, and failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract, engage, retain and integrate qualified executives and other key employees throughout all areas of our business. Identifying, developing internally or hiring externally, training and retaining highly skilled managerial and other personnel are critical to our future, and competition for experienced employees can be intense. Failure to successfully recruit executives and key employees or the loss of any executives and key employees could have a significant impact on our operations. The loss of services of any key personnel, the inability to retain and attract qualified personnel in the future, or delays in hiring may harm our business and results of operations. Further, changes in our management team may be disruptive to our business, and any failure to successfully integrate key newly hired employees could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We face competition for staffing, which may increase our labor costs and reduce profitability.
We compete with other healthcare and services providers in recruiting qualified management, including executives with the required skills and experience to operate and grow our business, and staff personnel for the day-to-day operations of our business. These challenges may require us to enhance wages and benefits to recruit and retain qualified management and other professionals. A shortage of qualified personnel or changes in the labor market could also require higher wages that would increase our labor costs. Difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified management and other professionals, or in controlling labor costs, could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.
We are or may become a party to litigation that could potentially force us to pay significant damages and/or harm our reputation.
We are subject to certain legal proceedings, which potentially involve large claims and significant defense costs (see Note 11 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report). These legal proceedings and any other claims that we may face in the future, whether with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, and divert the time, attention, and resources of our management. The coverage limits of our insurance policies may not be adequate to cover all such claims and some claims may not be covered by insurance. Additionally, insurance coverage with respect to some claims against us or our directors and officers may not be available on terms that would be favorable to us. The cost of such coverage has increased in recent years and could further increase in the future. Further, although we believe that we have conducted our operations in compliance with applicable
statutory and contractual requirements and that we have meritorious defenses to outstanding claims, it is possible that resolution of these legal matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, legal expenses associated with the defense of these matters may be material to our results of operations in a particular financial reporting period.
Damage to our reputation could harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects.
Our ability to attract and retain customers, members and employees is impacted by our reputation. Harm to our reputation can arise from various sources, including employee misconduct, cyber security breaches, unethical behavior, litigation or regulatory outcomes, which could, among other consequences, increase the size and number of litigation claims and damages asserted or subject us to enforcement actions, fines and penalties and cause us to incur related costs and expenses.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected by severe or unexpected weather, epidemics, pandemics or outbreaks of disease, hostilities, violent crime, or social unrest.
Adverse weather conditions or other extreme changes in the weather may cause people to refrain, or prevent people, from visiting fitness partner locations and using our services. Additionally, widespread health epidemics or outbreaks of disease, such as influenza or COVID-19, may cause members to avoid public gathering places and negatively impact their use of our services. Further, real or perceived safety issues related to hostilities, violent crime or social unrest may cause people to refrain from visiting fitness partner locations. As some of the fees that we charge our customers are based on member participation, a decrease in member participation could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
If our customers or fitness center partners experience financial distress, or seek to change or delay payment terms, it could negatively affect our financial position and results.
At any given time, one or more of our customers or fitness center partners may experience financial difficulty, file for bankruptcy protection or go out of business. Unfavorable economic and financial conditions, such as the current events surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in an increase in our customers’ or fitness center partners’ financial difficulties that then affect us. The direct impact on us could include reduced revenues and write-offs of accounts receivable and could negatively impact our operating cash flow. While we currently cannot estimate what those effects will be, if they are severe, the indirect impact could include impairments of intangible assets and reduced liquidity, among others.
If our efforts to attract and retain paying subscribers for our Prime Fitness program are not successful, our business will be adversely affected.
Our ability to continue to attract paying subscribers for our Prime Fitness program will depend in part on our ability to offer convenience and value to our Prime Fitness subscribers and our partners’ ability to effectively market the program. Our ability to attract and retain paying subscribers may be adversely affected by our competitors' relative offerings, pricing, and other factors, as well as other fitness programs (including digital offerings) in the marketplace. If our Prime Fitness subscribers do not perceive our products to be of value, we may not be able to attract and retain Prime Fitness subscribers. Additionally, COVID-19 has adversely impacted and may continue to adversely impact our ability to attract and retain subscribers for our Prime Fitness program. We must continually add new Prime Fitness paying subscribers both to replace canceled subscriptions and to grow our Prime Fitness program beyond our current subscriber base. Further, if excessive numbers of our Prime Fitness subscribers cancel their subscriptions, in connection with COVID-19 or otherwise, our results of operations will be adversely affected.
Increased focus from investors and other stakeholders regarding environmental, social or governance practices could result in additional costs, regulation or risks and adversely impact our reputation, employee recruiting and retention, and willingness of consumers and merchants to do business with us.
Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds, other market participants, stockholders, regulators and customers have focused increasingly on the environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices of companies. These parties have placed increased importance on the implications of the social
cost of their investments. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors oversees our ESG practices, initiatives, and reporting, including those related to environmental sustainability, social and ethical issues, human capital management, responsible sourcing, and community engagement, as well as the Company’s commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion. In addition, our internal ESG committee, comprised of executives and subject matter experts from across the Company, meets quarterly to provide leadership and accountability for the Company’s ESG policy, strategies, and efforts to integrate such initiatives into our business.
If our ESG practices do not meet (or are viewed as not meeting) investor or other industry or regulatory stakeholder expectations and standards, which continue to evolve, our brand, reputation and employee retention may be negatively impacted, including based on an assessment of our ESG oversight and practices. It is possible that stakeholders may not be satisfied with our ESG practices or the speed of their adoption. We could also incur additional costs and require additional resources to monitor, report, implement, enhance and comply with various ESG practices and standards. Also, our failure, or perceived failure, to meet the standards included in any ESG disclosure could negatively impact our reputation, employee recruiting and retention, and the willingness of our customers and suppliers to do business with us.
We could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws of other countries in which we provided services prior to the sale of our TPHS business.
Because of the international operations that we previously conducted as part of our TPHS business that we sold to Sharecare, Inc. in July 2016, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws of other countries in which we provided services prior to the sale. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials or other third parties for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or gaining any business advantage. While our policies mandated compliance with these anti-bribery laws, we cannot provide assurance that our internal control policies and procedures always protected us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees, contractors or agents. Failure to comply with the FCPA and similar legislation prior to the sale of our TPHS business could result in the imposition of civil or criminal fines and penalties and could disrupt our business and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Risks Relating to the Healthcare Industry
A significant percentage of our revenues is derived from health plan customers.
A significant percentage of our revenues is derived from health plan customers. The health plan industry may continue to consolidate, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to retain health plan customers, or continue to provide our products and services to such health plan customers on terms at least as favorable to us as currently provided, particularly if they are acquired by other health plans that already participate in competing programs or are not interested in our programs. Increasing vertical integration efforts involving health plans and healthcare providers or entities that provide wellness services may increase these challenges. Our health plan customers that are part of larger healthcare enterprises may have greater bargaining power, which may lead to further pressure on the prices for our products and services. In addition, a reduction in the number of covered lives enrolled with our health plan customers or in the payments we receive could adversely affect our results of operations. Our health plan customers are subject to continuing competition and reduced reimbursement rates from governmental and private sources, which could lead current or prospective customers to seek reduced fees or choose to reduce or delay the purchase of our services. Finally, health plan customers could offer (and in some cases are offering) services themselves that compete directly with our offerings, stop providing our offerings to certain or all of their members (as one of our customers, United Healthcare, has done), or offer fitness benefits in addition to SilverSneakers and Prime Fitness, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We currently derive a significant percentage of our revenues from three customers.
During 2021, our top three customers, including Humana, together comprised 40% of our revenues from continuing operations. Our primary contract with Humana continues through December 31, 2022 and does not allow the customer to terminate for convenience prior to the expiration of the contract. The loss or restructuring of a contract with any of our top three customers or any of our other significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our inability to renew and/or maintain contracts with our customers and/or fitness partner locations under existing terms or restructure these contracts under favorable terms could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
If our customers and/or fitness partner locations choose not to renew their contracts with us (which occurs from time to time), our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Loss of a significant fitness partner or health plan customer or a reduction in a health plan customer's enrolled lives (including as a result of increased unemployment and the resulting loss of or change in health insurance coverage) could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, a restructuring of a contract with a health plan customer and/or fitness partner on terms that aren’t favorable to us could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Moreover, the businesses of our fitness partner locations have been and will likely continue to be adversely affected by the closure of locations, any public health directives, or social distancing measures applicable upon reopening of locations and reduced overall consumer demand for fitness center use as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. If a significant portion of our fitness partner network is unable to return to normal operations within a reasonable period of time as a result of financial or operational stresses brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, we may be unable to make alternative arrangements with substitute fitness partners on favorable terms or at all.
Reductions in Medicare Advantage health plan reimbursement rates or changes in plan designs may negatively impact our business and results of operations.
A significant portion of our revenue is indirectly derived from the monthly premium payments paid by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to our health plan customers for services they provide to Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. As a result, our results of operations are, in part, dependent on government funding levels for Medicare Advantage programs. Any changes that limit or reduce Medicare Advantage reimbursement levels, such as reductions in or limitations of reimbursement amounts or rates under these programs, reductions in funding of these programs, expansion of benefits without adequate funding, elimination of coverage for certain benefits, or elimination of coverage affecting the services that we provide, could have a material adverse effect on our health plan customers, and as a result, on our business and results of operations.
Compliance with existing or newly adopted federal and state laws and regulations or new or revised interpretations of such requirements could adversely affect our results of operations or may require us to spend substantial amounts, and the failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject us to penalties or negatively impact our ability to provide services.
Our customers are subject to considerable state and federal government regulation, and a substantial majority of our business involves providing services to Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. As a result, we are subject directly to various federal laws and regulations, including the federal False Claims Act, billing and reimbursement requirements and other provisions related to fraud and abuse. In addition, our contracts with Medicare Advantage plans require us to comply with a number of regulatory provisions and to permit these health plan customers to perform compliance audits of our processes and programs. Many of these regulations are vaguely written and subject to differing interpretations that may, in certain cases, result in unintended consequences that could impact our ability to effectively deliver services. Further, we are required to comply with most requirements of the HIPAA privacy and security laws and regulations and may be subject to criminal or civil penalties for violations of these regulations. Certain of our services, including health utilization management and certain claims payment functions, require licensure and may be regulated by government agencies. We are subject to a variety of legal requirements in order to obtain and maintain such licenses, but little guidance is available to determine the scope of some of these requirements.
We continually monitor the extent to which federal and state legislation and regulations govern our operations. New federal or state laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing requirements that affect our operations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. If we are found to have violated applicable laws, to have caused any of our customers to submit false claims or make false statements, or to have failed to comply with our contractual compliance obligations, we could be required to restructure our operations, be subject to contractual penalties, including termination of our customer agreements, and be subject to significant civil and criminal penalties.
Healthcare reform efforts may result in a reduction to our revenues from government health programs and private insurance companies or otherwise directly or indirectly impact our business.
The healthcare industry is subject to various political, regulatory, scientific, and technological influences. Efforts at federal and state levels of government have resulted in laws and regulations intended to effect significant change within the healthcare system. The ACA, the most prominent of these efforts, affects coverage, delivery, and reimbursement of healthcare services. Among other effects, several of its provisions may increase the costs and/or reduce the revenues of our customers or prospective customers. For example, the ACA eliminates pre-existing condition exclusions by commercial health plans, bans annual benefit limits, and mandates minimum medical loss ratios for health plans.
The ACA has been subject to legislative and regulatory changes. For example, effective January 2019, Congress eliminated the penalty associated with the ACA’s individual mandate. This change resulted in legal challenges to the constitutionality of the individual mandate and validity of the ACA as a whole. However, in June 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the plaintiffs lacked standing, allowing the law to remain in place. Nonetheless, the elimination of the individual mandate penalty may impact the number of individuals that elect to obtain public or private health insurance or the scope of such coverage. There is uncertainty regarding whether, when and how the ACA will be further changed and how the law will be interpreted and implemented, but the current presidential administration has indicated that it generally intends to protect and strengthen the ACA. There is also uncertainty regarding the potential impact of other legislative and regulatory health reform efforts at the federal and state levels. For example, the Chronic Care Act of 2018 allows Medicare Advantage plans, starting in 2020, to cover supplemental benefits that are not primarily health-related, but that have the reasonable expectation of improving or maintaining health. Additionally, some members of Congress have proposed measures that would expand government-sponsored coverage, including single-payor proposals (often referred to as "Medicare for All"). It is possible that the reforms imposed by the ACA, in its current form or through future changes or interpretations, or other health reform initiatives will adversely affect the profitability of our customers and cause our customers or prospective customers to reduce or delay the purchase of our services or to demand reduced fees. Because of this uncertainty and many other variables, including the difficulty of predicting the impact of various health reform initiatives on other healthcare industry participants, we are unable to predict all of the ways in which the ACA and other health reform efforts could impact us.
Risks Relating to Information Technology, Data Privacy and Intellectual Property
A failure of our information technology or systems could adversely affect our business.
Our ability to deliver our products and services depends on effectively using information technology. We rely upon our information technology and systems, employees, and third parties for operating and monitoring all major aspects of our business. These technologies and systems and, therefore, our operations could be damaged or interrupted by natural disasters, power loss, network failure, improper operation by our employees, challenges maintaining and facilitating the interface of various systems with one another, failures to adequately manage implementations of new technology, updates or enhancements of such platforms or interfaces, data privacy or security breaches, computer viruses, computer hacking, network penetration or other illegal intrusions, epidemics or pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), or other unexpected events. Any disruption in the operation of our information technology or systems, regardless of the cause, could adversely impact our operations, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
A cybersecurity incident could result in the loss of confidential data, give rise to remediation and other expenses, expose us to liability under HIPAA, consumer protection laws, common law theories or other laws, subject us to litigation and federal and state governmental inquiries, damage our reputation, and otherwise be disruptive to our business.
The nature of our business involves the receipt, storage and use of personal data about the participants in our programs, including individually identifiable health information, as well as employees and customers. Additionally, we rely upon third parties that are not directly under our control to store and use portions of that personal data as well. The secure maintenance of this and other confidential information or other proprietary information is critical to our business operations. To protect our information systems from attack, damage and unauthorized use or disclosure and combat these risks, we have implemented multiple layers of security, including technical safeguards, processes and policies, and training for our people. We have also purchased cyber liability insurance. Our defenses are monitored and routinely tested internally and by external parties. In addition, we are Health
Information Trust Alliance (“HITRUST”) certified, which enables us to demonstrate compliance with industry-defined risk management and data protection requirements based on a standardized framework. Despite these efforts, threats from malicious persons and groups, ransomware incidents, new vulnerabilities, technology failures, and advanced attacks against information systems create risk of cybersecurity incidents, which are rapidly evolving and increasingly sophisticated. The preventive actions we take to reduce the risk of cybersecurity incidents and protect our systems and data may not be sufficient in the future. Personnel error or malfeasance, faulty password management, social engineering or other vulnerabilities and irregularities may also result in a defeat of our or our third-party service providers' security measures and a breach of our or their information systems. Hardware, software, cloud services, or applications we use may have inherent vulnerabilities or defects of design, manufacture or operations or could be inadvertently or intentionally implemented or used in a manner that could compromise information security. In addition, our vulnerability to security incidents or attacks may be heightened as an increased number of employees work from home or remotely. Therefore, we cannot provide assurance that we or our third-party vendors or other service providers will not be subject to cybersecurity incidents or occurrences, which may result in unauthorized access by third parties, loss, modification, misappropriation, disclosure or corruption of customer, employee, or our information; member protected health information; or other data subject to privacy laws, or that otherwise disable or degrade our systems, disrupt our customers’ experience and our ability to efficiently operate our business. In addition, COVID-19 may have an adverse impact on our information technology systems and our ability to securely preserve confidential information as well as our ability to protect against attacks and detect and respond to them quickly, including as a result of telecommuting issues associated with our employees working remotely. The rapid adoption of some third-party services designed to enable the transition to a remote workforce also may introduce security risk that is not fully mitigated prior to the use of these services. Moreover, because the techniques used in cyber-attacks change frequently and may not be immediately recognized, we may experience security breaches that remain undetected for an extended time. Cybersecurity incidents or delays in responding to or remedying damage caused by such incidents may lead to a disruption in our systems or business, costs to modify, enhance, or remediate our cybersecurity measures, liability under privacy, security and consumer protection laws or litigation under these or other laws, including common law theories, and subject us to enforcement actions, fines, regulatory proceedings or litigation against us, damage to our business reputation, a reduction in participation and sales of our products and services, and legal obligations to notify customers or other affected individuals about an incident, which could cause us to incur substantial costs and negative publicity, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and harm our business reputation.
Cybersecurity and the continued development and enhancement of our controls, processes and practices remain a priority for us. We may be required to expend significant additional resources in our efforts to modify or enhance our protective measures against evolving threats or to investigate and remediate any cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
Our business is subject to new and changing federal and state privacy and security laws, rules, and regulations, which impact our operating costs and for which failure to adhere could negatively impact our business.
Our business is subject to various federal and state privacy and data security laws, rules, and regulations. Some state laws and regulations may be inconsistent across jurisdictions and subject to evolving and differing (sometimes conflicting) interpretations and applications. While we are using internal and external resources to monitor compliance with and to continue to modify our data practices and policies in order to comply with evolving privacy laws, relevant regulatory authorities could determine that our data practices fail to address all the requirements of certain new or changing laws, which could subject us to penalties and/or litigation. Government regulators, privacy advocates and class action attorneys are increasingly scrutinizing how companies collect, process, use, store, share and transmit personal data. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), went into effect on January 1, 2020, and it applies broadly to information that identifies or is associated with any California household or individual, and compliance with the new law requires that we implement several operational changes, including processes to respond to individuals’ requests. Moreover, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which significantly modifies the CCPA, will take effect January 1, 2023. Moreover, Virginia and Colorado also passed comprehensive privacy legislation, and several other states, as well as federal lawmakers, have proposed additional legislation. Failure to comply with these laws may result in governmental enforcement actions, private claims, including class action lawsuits, and damage to our reputation. In addition, the CPRA creates a new enforcement agency charged with enforcing the CPRA and imposes additional requirements
including privacy risk assessments and audits as well as vendor contractual requirements for data sharing, license and access arrangements. The CCPA and CPRA also provide for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. We may also be exposed to litigation, regulatory fines, penalties or other sanctions if the personal, confidential or proprietary information of our customers is mishandled or misused by any of our suppliers, counterparties or other third parties, or if such third parties do not have appropriate controls in place to protect such personal, confidential or proprietary information. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The obligations imposed by the CCPA, CPRA, the Virginia Consumer Privacy Act, and the Colorado Privacy Act and other similar laws that may be enacted at the federal and state level may require us to modify our business practices and policies and to incur substantial expenditures in order to comply.
Further, our marketing and member engagement activities may be subject to communications privacy laws such as the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, CAN-SPAM Act and FTC and Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) rules and regulations. While we strive to adhere to strict policies and procedures that comply with such laws and regulations, we may be subjected to class action lawsuit settlements or penalties, and regulators and courts may disagree with our interpretation of these laws and regulations and subject us to penalties and other consequences for noncompliance. Determination by a court or regulatory agency that our marketing practices violate communications privacy laws could subject us to civil penalties and could require us to change some portions of our business. Even an unsuccessful challenge by consumers or regulatory authorities of our activities could result in adverse publicity and could require a costly response from and defense or settlement by us.
It is difficult to predict the impact of new laws, regulations, and policies and the related interpretations, as well as changes in enforcement practices or regulatory scrutiny. Changes in applicable laws, regulations, and policies and the related interpretations and enforcement practices may require extensive system and operational changes, be difficult to implement, increase our operating costs, require significant capital expenditures, or adversely impact the cost or attractiveness of the products or services we offer, or result in adverse publicity and harm our reputation.
Third parties may infringe on our brands, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights, which may have an adverse impact on our business.
We currently rely on a combination of trademark and other intellectual property laws and confidentiality procedures to establish and protect our proprietary rights, including our brands. If we fail to successfully enforce our intellectual property rights, the value of our brands, services and products could be diminished and our business may suffer. Our precautions may not prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property. Any legal action that we may bring to protect our brands and other intellectual property could be unsuccessful and expensive and could divert management’s attention from other business concerns. In addition, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property, especially in Internet-related businesses, are uncertain and evolving. We cannot assure you that these evolving legal standards will sufficiently protect our intellectual property rights in the future.
We may be subject to intellectual property rights claims.
Third parties may make claims against us alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights. Any intellectual property claims, regardless of merit, could be time-consuming and expensive to litigate or settle and could significantly divert management’s attention from other business concerns. In addition, if we were unable to successfully defend against such claims, we may have to pay damages, stop selling the service or product or stop using the software, technology or content found to be in violation of a third party’s rights, seek a license for the infringing service, product, software, technology, or content or develop alternative non-infringing services, products, software, technology, or content. If we cannot license on reasonable terms, develop alternatives, or stop using the service, product, software, technology, or content for any infringing aspects of our business, we may be forced to limit our service and product offerings. Any of these results could reduce our revenue and our ability to compete effectively, increase our costs or harm our business.
Risks Relating to our Credit Facility
The performance of our business (as it could further be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic) and the level of our indebtedness could prevent us from meeting the obligations under our Credit Agreement or have an adverse effect on our future financial condition, our ability to raise additional capital, or our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry.
On June 30, 2021, we entered into a new Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a group of lenders, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as general administrative agent, term loan facility administrative agent and collateral agent (“Morgan Stanley”), and Truist Bank, as revolving facility agent and swingline lender (“Truist”). The Credit Agreement replaced our prior Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated March 8, 2019 (the “Prior Credit Agreement”), with a group of lenders, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as general administrative agent, term facility agent and collateral agent, and Truist, as revolving facility agent and swingline lender. The Credit Agreement provides us with, among other things, a $400.0 million term loan B facility (the “Term Loan B”) and a $100.0 million revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2021, outstanding debt under the Credit Agreement was $380.5 million, which represented $394.0 million of principal on the term loan under the Credit Agreement less deferred loan costs and original issue discount.
Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness or to fund other liquidity needs. If there are prolonged or worsening effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as long-term closures of our fitness partner locations, we could be unable to generate revenues and cash flows sufficient to conduct our business, service our outstanding debt, and comply with the covenants under the Credit Agreement. This could, among other things, exhaust our available liquidity (and ability to access liquidity sources) and/or result in an acceleration of the maturity of a significant portion or all of our then-outstanding debt obligations, which we may be unable to repay or refinance.
The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type that, subject to certain exceptions, impose restrictions and limitations on the Company and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries with respect to, among other things, liens; indebtedness; changes in the nature of business; mergers and other fundamental changes; sales and other dispositions of assets (including equity interests in subsidiaries); loans, advances, guarantees, acquisitions and other investments; restricted payments (including dividends, distributions, buybacks, redemptions and repurchases with respect to equity interests); change in fiscal year; prepayments, redemptions or acquisitions for value with respect to junior lien, subordinated or unsecured debt; changes in organizational documents and junior debt agreements; negative pledges; restrictions on subsidiary distributions; transfers of material assets to subsidiaries that are not guarantors; and transactions with affiliates.
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our future financial condition or our ability to react to changes in the economy or industry by, among other things:
•
increasing our vulnerability to a downturn in general economic conditions (including any downturn or recession), loss of revenue and/or profit margins in our business, or to increases in interest rates, particularly with respect to the portion of our outstanding debt that is subject to variable interest rates;
•
potentially limiting our ability to obtain additional financing or to obtain such financing on favorable terms;
•
causing us to dedicate a portion of future cash flow from operations to service or pay down our debt, which reduces the cash available for other purposes, such as operations, capital expenditures, and future business opportunities; and
•
possibly limiting our ability to adjust to changing market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors who may be less leveraged.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly, and changes in LIBOR reporting practices could lead to an increase in
the cost of our indebtedness and adversely affect our results of operations.
Borrowings under our Credit Agreement are at variable rates of interest, generally using LIBOR as the benchmark, and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations with respect to our variable rate indebtedness would increase even if the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows would correspondingly decrease.
To mitigate our exposure to future interest rate volatility with respect to our variable rate indebtedness, we have entered into interest rate swaps and may in the future enter into additional interest rate swaps, which involve the exchange of floating for fixed rate interest payments. Considering hedging gains and losses and cash settlement costs, we may not elect to maintain such interest rate swaps, and any swaps may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk.
A transition away from LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the applicable interest rate may adversely affect our variable rate debt and interest rate swaps. The Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom has announced that it will no longer require LIBOR submissions, resulting in the possible unavailability or lack of suitability of LIBOR as a benchmark rate. The Alternate Reference Rate Committee, convened by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the New York Federal Reserve Bank, has endorsed the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred replacement benchmark for U.S. dollar LIBOR. While our borrowing arrangements provide for alternative base rates as well as a method for selecting a benchmark replacement for LIBOR, the consequences of LIBOR becoming unavailable or not suitable at some point cannot be predicted with confidence at this time. Use of an alternative base rate or a benchmark replacement for LIBOR as a basis for calculating interest with respect to our outstanding variable rate indebtedness or interest rate swap agreements could lead to an increase in the interest we pay and a corresponding increase in the cost of our indebtedness, and could affect our ability to refinance some or all of our existing indebtedness or otherwise have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2021, we leased the following facilities:
Description of Use
Leased Square Footage
Square Footage Subleased to Other Tenants
Location
Office space
263,598
218,769
Franklin, Tennessee
Office space
45,085
-
Chandler, Arizona
Total
308,683
218,769

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
For a description of material pending legal proceedings, see Note 11 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Information about our Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers as of February 25, 2022. Executive officers of the Company serve at the pleasure of our Board of Directors.
Officer
Age
Position
Richard M. Ashworth
Chief Executive Officer of the Company since June 2020. President of Walgreen Co. (“Walgreens”) from February 2020 to June 2020. President of Operations of Walgreens from November 2017 to February 2020 and President of Pharmacy and Retail Operations of Walgreens from 2014 to 2017.
J. Raymond Bilbao
Chief Legal Officer & Corporate Secretary of the Company since December 2020. Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel of the Company from March 2020 to December 2020. Deputy General Counsel of the Company from June 2018 to March 2020. Associate General Counsel for Gibson Brands, Inc. from November 2017 to June 2018. Director & Senior Counsel - Marketing, Intellectual Property and Contracts of ServiceMaster Global Holdings, Inc. from July 2013 to November 2017.
Adam C. Holland
Chief Financial Officer of the Company since June 2017. Chief Financial Officer of Kirkland’s, Inc. (“Kirkland’s”) from February 2015 to June 2017, Chief Accounting Officer of Kirkland’s from August 2014 to February 2015 and Vice President of Finance of Kirkland’s from August 2008 to February 2015.
Thomas E. Lewis
Chief Operating Officer of the Company since December 2019. President of Nutrisystem, Inc. from February 2020 to December 2020. Chief Transformation Officer and Chief of Staff to the CEO of the Company from October 2018 to December 2019. Senior Vice President of Strategic Initiatives at Change Healthcare from April 2016 through August 2018.
Ryan M. Wagers
Chief Accounting Officer of the Company since October 2018. SVP, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer of Sitel Worldwide Corporation (“Sitel”) from November 2016 to October 2018. SVP, Shared Services of Sitel, from February 2016 until November 2016 and Chief Accounting Officer of Sitel from 2011 to February 2016.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol "TVTY".
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the total stockholder return of $100 invested on December 31, 2016 in (a) the Company, (b) the Nasdaq U.S. Stocks Benchmark index and (c) the Nasdaq Health Care index, assuming the reinvestment of all dividends.
The stock price performance shown on this graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.
Holders of Common Stock
At February 17, 2022, there were approximately 11,300 holders of our common stock, including 273 stockholders of record.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid a cash dividend on our common stock. We do not expect to declare or pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy from time to time and may declare dividends at its discretion; however, our Credit Agreement places restrictions on the payment of dividends. For further discussion of the Credit Agreement, see Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation - Liquidity and Capital Resources."
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
See Part III, Item 12. "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters," for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The stock repurchase activity for the fourth quarter of 2021 was as follows:
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
10/1/2021 - 10/31/2021
-
$
-
-
$
100,000,000
11/1/2021 - 11/30/2021
12,058
$
24.79
12,058
$
99,701,132
12/1/2021 - 12/31/2021
18,137
$
24.95
18,137
$
99,248,662
Total
30,195
$
24.88
30,195
On September 27, 2021, we announced that our board of directors authorized a $100 million share repurchase program. The program authorizes repurchases from time to time using a variety of methods, including pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan, open market purchases, block trades and privately negotiated transactions, all in compliance with the rules of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and other applicable legal requirements. The timing and number of shares repurchased is determined by our Board of Directors based on an ongoing assessment of the capital needs of the business, the market price of the Company’s stock, general business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program may be modified or terminated by the Company’s board of directors at any time and does not have an expiration date.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Reserved

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this report.
Overview
Tivity Health, Inc. (the “Company”), was founded and incorporated in Delaware in 1981. We are a leading provider of healthy life-changing solutions, including SilverSneakers®, Prime® Fitness, and WholeHealth Living®. We help adults improve their health and support them on life’s journey by providing access to in-person and virtual physical activity, social engagement, and mental enrichment programs. We deliver resources that enable members to live healthier, happier, more connected lives. Our solutions support health plans and employers nationwide as they seek to reduce costs and improve health outcomes.
We offer SilverSneakers to approximately 18 million eligible members of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, and group retiree plans. We also offer Prime Fitness, a fitness facility access program, through commercial health plans, employers, and other sponsoring organizations. Our national network of fitness centers delivers both SilverSneakers and Prime Fitness. At December 31, 2021, our SilverSneakers fitness network encompassed approximately 16,000 locations. In January 2022, we launched a customizable, premium fitness network for SilverSneakers that increased our total SilverSneakers fitness network to approximately 23,000 locations. We also offer virtual fitness experiences, including live instructor-led classes. Through our WholeHealth Living program, which we sell primarily to health plans, we offer a continuum of services related to physical and integrative medicine. Our WholeHealth Living network includes relationships with approximately 29,000 physical and integrative medicine practitioner locations to serve individuals through health plans and employers who seek health services such as chiropractic care, acupuncture, physical therapy, occupational therapy, massage therapy, and more.
The Company is headquartered at 701 Cool Springs Boulevard, Franklin, Tennessee 37067.
COVID-19
COVID-19, the global pandemic first recognized by HHS as a national public health emergency in January 2020, continues to spread throughout the United States and other countries. Substantially all of the fitness centers in our national network were temporarily closed for portions of 2020, and the average monthly total participation levels of our members after such locations reopened were significantly below historical levels, thus adversely impacting our revenues during 2020 because a significant portion of revenues from our SilverSneakers program is based on member visits to a fitness partner location. Participation levels increased during 2021 but remained below pre-pandemic levels. SilverSneakers in-person visits totaled 58.4 million for 2021, compared to 46.0 million and 104.0 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, while the number of active subscribers for Prime Fitness declined from April through December 2020, as of December 31, 2021, the number of active subscribers had increased slightly since the beginning of 2021.
Disposition of our Nutrition Business
Effective as of December 9, 2020, we completed the sale of Nutrisystem. Results of operations for Nutrisystem have been classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements, which are based upon current expectations, involve a number of risks and uncertainties, and are subject to the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical statements of fact and those regarding the intent, belief, or expectations of the Company, including, without limitation, all statements regarding the Company's future earnings, revenues, financial condition, business strategies, and results of operations. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve significant risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may vary from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to:
•
impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic (including the response of governmental authorities to combat and contain the pandemic; the development, availability, distribution, and effectiveness of vaccines and treatments, and public confidence in such vaccines and treatments; the closure of fitness centers in our national network (or operational restrictions imposed on such fitness centers), reclosures, and potential additional reclosures or restrictions as a result of surges in positive COVID-19 cases) on our business, operations or liquidity;
•
the risks associated with changes in macroeconomic conditions (including the impacts of any recession or changes in consumer spending resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic), widespread epidemics, pandemics (such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, including variant strains of COVID-19) or other outbreaks of disease, geopolitical turmoil, and the continuing threat of domestic or international terrorism;
•
our ability to collect accounts receivable from our customers and amounts due under our sublease agreements;
•
the market’s acceptance of our new products and services;
•
our ability to develop and implement effective strategies and to anticipate and respond to strategic changes, opportunities, and emerging trends in our industry and/or business, as well as to accurately forecast the related impact on our revenues and earnings;
•
the impact of any impairment of our goodwill, intangible assets, or other long-term assets;
•
changes in fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security and the expected timing and amount of cash proceeds from any potential disposition of this security;
•
the expected timing, amount, and impact of any share repurchases made by the Company;
•
our ability to attract, hire, or retain key personnel or other qualified employees and to control labor costs;
•
our ability to effectively compete against other entities, whose financial, research, staff, and marketing resources may exceed our resources;
•
the impact of legal proceedings involving us and/or our subsidiaries, products, or services, including any claims related to intellectual property rights, as well as our ability to maintain insurance coverage with respect to such legal proceedings and claims on terms that would be favorable to us;
•
the impact of severe or adverse weather conditions, the current COVID-19 pandemic (including variant strains of COVID-19), and the potential emergence of additional health pandemics or infectious disease outbreaks on member participation in our programs;
•
the risks associated with deriving a significant concentration of our revenues from a limited number of our customers, many of whom are health plans;
•
our ability and/or the ability of our customers to enroll participants and to accurately forecast their level of enrollment and participation in our programs in a manner and within the timeframe we anticipate;
•
our ability to sign, renew and/or maintain contracts with our customers and/or our fitness partner locations under existing terms or to restructure these contracts on terms that would not have a material negative impact on our results of operations;
•
the ability of our health plan customers to maintain the number of covered lives enrolled in those health plans during the terms of our agreements;
•
our ability to add and/or retain active subscribers in our Prime Fitness program;
•
the impact of any changes in tax rates, enactment of new tax laws, revisions of tax regulations, or any claims or litigation with taxing authorities;
•
the impact of a reduction in Medicare Advantage health plan reimbursement rates or changes in plan design;
•
the impact of any new or proposed legislation, regulations and interpretations relating to Medicare, Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement and privacy and security laws;
•
the impact of healthcare reform on our business;
•
the risks associated with increased focus from investors and other stakeholders regarding ESG practices, which could result in additional costs, regulation, or risks and adversely impact our reputation, employee recruiting and retention, and willingness of customers and suppliers to do business with us;
•
the risks associated with potential failures of our information systems or those of our third-party vendors, including as a result of telecommuting issues associated with personnel working remotely, which may include a failure to execute on policies and processes in a work-from-home or remote model;
•
the risks associated with data privacy or security breaches, computer hacking, network penetration and other illegal intrusions of our information systems or those of third-party vendors or other service providers, including those risks that result from the increase in personnel working remotely, which may result in unauthorized access by third parties, loss, misappropriation, disclosure or corruption of customer, employee or our information, or other data subject to privacy laws and may lead to a disruption in our business, costs to modify, enhance, or remediate our cybersecurity measures, enforcement actions, fines or litigation against us, or damage to our business reputation;
•
the risks associated with changes to traditional office-centered business processes and/or conducting operations out of the office in a work-from-home or remote model by us or our third-party vendors during adverse situations (e.g., during a crisis, disaster, or pandemic), which may result in additional costs and/or may negatively impact productivity and cause other disruptions to our business;
•
our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights;
•
the risk that our indebtedness may limit our ability to adapt to changes in the economy or market conditions, expose us to interest rate risk for the variable rate indebtedness and require a substantial portion of cash flows from operations to be dedicated to the payment of indebtedness;
•
our ability to service our debt, make principal and interest payments as those payments become due, and remain in compliance with our debt covenants;
•
our ability to obtain adequate financing to provide the capital that may be necessary to support our current or future operations;
•
counterparty risk associated with our interest rate swap agreements and changes in fair value of certain interest rate swap agreements that no longer qualify for hedge accounting treatment (“de-designated swaps”); and
•
other risks detailed in this report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
We describe our significant accounting policies in Note 1 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. We prepare the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical in understanding the estimates and judgments that are involved in preparing our financial statements and the uncertainties that could impact our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Revenue Recognition
We account for revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC Topic 606”). The unit of account in ASC Topic 606 is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract to transfer to a customer either a distinct good or service (or bundle of goods or services) or a series of distinct goods or services provided over a period of time. ASC Topic 606 requires that a contract’s transaction price, which is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, is to be allocated to each performance obligation in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices and recognized as revenue when or as the performance obligation is satisfied.
We earn revenue from continuing operations primarily from three programs: SilverSneakers senior fitness, Prime Fitness and WholeHealth Living. We provide the SilverSneakers senior fitness program to members of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, and group retiree plans through our contracts with those plans. We offer Prime Fitness, a fitness facility access program, through contracts with commercial health plans, employers, and other sponsoring organizations that allow their members to individually purchase the program. We sell our WholeHealth Living program primarily to health plans.
The significant majority of our customer contracts contain one performance obligation - to stand ready to provide access to our network of fitness locations and fitness programming - which is satisfied over time as services are rendered each month over the contract term. Unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of a particular month primarily relate to certain monthly memberships for our Prime Fitness program, which are recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet and recognized as revenue during the immediately subsequent month. There was $0.1 million of revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021 from performance obligations satisfied in a prior period.
Our fees are variable month to month and are generally billed per member per month (“PMPM”) or billed based on a combination of PMPM and member visits to a network location. We bill PMPM fees by multiplying the contractually negotiated PMPM rate by the number of members eligible for or receiving our services during the month. We bill for member visits approximately one month in arrears once actual member visits are known. Payments from customers are typically due within 30 days of invoice date. When material, we capitalize costs to obtain contracts with customers and amortize them over the expected recovery period.
Our customer contracts include variable consideration, which is allocated to each distinct month over the contract term based on eligible members and/or member visits each month. The allocated consideration corresponds directly with the value to our customers of our services completed for the month. Under the majority of our contracts, we recognize revenue each month using the practical expedient available under ASC 606-10-55-18, which provides that revenue is recognized in the amount for which we have the right to invoice. ASC 606-10-50-
14(b) provides an optional exemption, which we have elected to apply, from disclosing remaining performance obligations when revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of the performance obligation in accordance with the “right to invoice” practical expedient.
Although we evaluate our financial performance and make resource allocation decisions based upon the results of our single operating and reportable segment, we believe the following information depicts how our revenues and cash flows from continuing operations are affected by economic factors. For the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue from our SilverSneakers program, which is predominantly contracted with Medicare Advantage and Medicare Supplement plans, comprised 75% of revenues from continuing operations, while revenue from our Prime Fitness and WholeHealth Living programs comprised 20% and 5%, respectively, of revenues from continuing operations.
Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.
Impairment of Intangible Assets and Goodwill
We review goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis (during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year) or more frequently whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Following the sale of Nutrisystem in December 2020, we have a single reporting unit.
As part of the annual impairment test, we may elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If we elect not to perform a qualitative assessment or we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative review. During the quantitative review, if the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, no impairment is indicated. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, impairment of goodwill is measured as the excess of the carrying amount over fair value.
We review indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis (during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year) or more frequently whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We estimate the fair value of our indefinite-lived tradename using the relief-from-royalty method, which requires us to estimate significant assumptions such as the long-term growth rates of future revenues associated with the tradename, the royalty rate for such revenue, the terminal growth rate of revenue, the tax rate, and a discount rate. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the estimates of fair value for the tradename.
Key Performance Indicators
In managing our business, we regularly review and analyze a number of key performance indicators (“KPIs”), including revenues, adjusted EBITDA (both in dollars and as a percentage of revenues), and free cash flow. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are not calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“non-GAAP”). These KPIs help us monitor our performance, identify trends affecting our business, determine the allocation of resources, and assess the quality and potential variability of our cash flows and earnings. We believe they are useful to investors in evaluating and understanding our business.
During 2021, we updated our definition of adjusted EBITDA as follows: (i) during the first quarter of 2021 to exclude other (income) expense related to de-designated swaps; (ii) during the second quarter of 2021 to exclude loss on extinguishment and modification of debt; and (iii) during the third quarter of 2021 to exclude other (income) expense related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on our Sharecare Equity Security, as further described in Note 12 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report. We consider such items to be outside the performance of our ongoing core business operations and believe that presenting Adjusted EBITDA excluding these items provides increased transparency as to the operating costs of our current business performance. We revised Adjusted EBITDA for 2020 to exclude other (income) expense incurred during the fourth quarter of 2020 related to de-designated swaps; except for this revision, we did not revise prior periods’ Adjusted EBITDA amounts because there were no other costs in the prior periods similar in nature to the items that were newly excluded from Adjusted EBITDA during 2021.
Additionally, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, we revised the definition of free cash flow to exclude settlement on derivatives not designated as hedges, a new item for 2020 that did not exist in prior periods. Settlement on derivatives not designated as hedges arose in 2020 due to the de-designation of certain interest rate swaps in the fourth quarter of 2020 in connection with the repayment of a portion of the principal on the term loans under our Prior Credit Agreement, as further described in Note 14 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report. We believe it is appropriate to exclude settlement on derivatives not designated as hedges from free cash flow because these payments are similar to interest payments (which are reflected in cash flow from operating activities) and they reduce our cash available to repay debt or make other investments. Beginning in the third quarter of 2021, we further revised the definition of free cash flow such that it includes proceeds from the sale of equity securities, a new item for 2021 related to our Sharecare Equity Security that did not exist in prior periods. We believe it is appropriate to include such proceeds in free cash flow because they are available to be used to support our business.
Year Ended December 31,
(In $000s)
Revenues from continuing operations
$
481,252
$
437,714
$
633,066
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations
158,077
148,081
142,561
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of
revenues from continuing operations
32.8
%
33.8
%
22.5
%
•
Revenues - we review year-over-year changes in revenue from continuing operations as a key measure of our success in growing our business. In addition to measuring revenue in total, we also measure and report revenue by program type or source of revenue, as detailed in Note 4 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report, i.e., SilverSneakers, Prime Fitness, WholeHealth Living, and Other. Evaluating revenue by program type or source helps us identify and address changes in product mix, broad market factors that may affect our revenues, and opportunities for future growth.
•
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure and is defined by the Company as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, acquisition, integration, project and CEO transition costs, restructuring charges, loss on extinguishment and modification of debt, and other (income) expense. We believe adjusted EBITDA provides investors a helpful measure for comparing our operating performance with our historical operating results as well as the performance of other companies that may have different financing and capital structures or tax rates. We believe it is a useful indicator of the operational strength and performance of our business. Because adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, the financial measure presented herein may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to income from continuing operations (the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure) is set forth below.
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Income from continuing operations, GAAP basis
$
107,376
$
56,869
$
45,217
Income tax expense
26,345
17,530
20,293
Interest expense
34,762
43,477
41,803
Depreciation expense
11,298
9,930
7,137
EBITDA from continuing operations, non-GAAP basis (1)
$
179,781
$
127,806
$
114,450
Acquisition, integration, project and CEO transition costs (2)
3,597
15,691
26,230
Restructuring charges (3)
-
4,358
1,881
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt (4)
19,027
-
-
Other (income) expense (5)
(44,328
)
-
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, non-GAAP basis (6)
$
158,077
$
148,081
$
142,561
(1)
EBITDA from continuing operations is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe it is useful to investors to provide disclosures of our operating results on the same basis as that used by management. You should not consider EBITDA from continuing operations in isolation or as a substitute for income from continuing operations determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
(2)
Acquisition, integration, project and CEO transition costs consist of pre-tax charges of $3,597, 15,691, and $26,230 for fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, incurred in connection with the acquisition and integration of Nutrisystem and other strategic projects and with the termination of our former CEO in February 2020 and the hiring of our new CEO in June 2020.
(3)
Restructuring charges in 2020 consist of pre-tax charges of $4,358 primarily related to optimizing for growth and executing on our new strategy and eliminating certain compensation costs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Restructuring charges for 2019 consist of pre-tax charges of $1,881 related to integrating the Nutrisystem business and streamlining our corporate and operations support.
(4)
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt consists of pre-tax charges of $19,027 in 2021 related to our entering into the new Credit Agreement on June 30, 2021, as further described in Note 10 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report.
(5)
Other (income) expense consists of pre-tax income of ($44,328) and expense of $226 in 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to (i) realized and unrealized gains on our Sharecare Equity Security (applicable to 2021 only), as further described in Note 12 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report, and (ii) certain interest rate swap agreements that no longer qualify for hedge accounting treatment (“de-designated swaps”) and require changes in fair value to be recognized each period in current earnings, as further described in Note 14 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report.
(6)
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations is a non-GAAP financial measure. We exclude acquisition, integration, project and CEO transition costs, restructuring charges, loss on extinguishment and modification of debt, and other (income) expense from this measure because of its comparability to our historical operating results. We believe it is useful to investors to provide disclosures of our operating results on the same basis as that used by management. You should not consider Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations in isolation or as a substitute for income from continuing operations determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Additionally, because Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations may be defined differently by other companies in the Company’s industry, the non-GAAP financial measure presented here may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
•
Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure and is defined by the Company as net cash flows provided by operating activities less (i) acquisition of property and equipment and (ii) settlement on derivatives not designated as hedges, plus proceeds from sale of equity securities. We believe free cash flow is useful to management and investors to measure (i) our performance, (ii) the strength of the Company and its ability to generate cash, and (iii) the amount of cash that is available to repay debt or make other investments. A reconciliation of free cash flow to cash flows from operating activities (the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure) is set forth below. The amounts shown below represent consolidated figures that include the effects of owning Nutrisystem.
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Net cash flows provided by operating activities
$
87,123
$
169,447
$
82,305
Acquisition of property and equipment
(14,750
)
(15,525
)
(24,713
)
Settlement on derivatives not designated as hedges
(6,697
)
(1,499
)
-
Proceeds from sale of equity securities
2,728
-
-
Free cash flow
$
68,404
$
152,423
$
57,592
Outlook
Although there is significant uncertainty relating to the potential impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our business going forward, including the impact on member participation in our SilverSneakers programs, our ability to continue to attract paying subscribers for our Prime Fitness program, and the ultimate medium- and long-
term impact of the pandemic on the global economy, we expect our results from continuing operations for the short term to continue to be adversely impacted by COVID-19.
Executive Overview of Results
The key financial results for 2021 are:
•
Revenues from continuing operations of $481.3 million compared to $437.7 million for 2020; and
•
Pre-tax income from continuing operations of $133.7 million compared to $74.4 million for 2020. Pre-tax income from continuing operations for 2021 includes:
o
$39.2 million of unrealized gains and $2.5 million of realized gains related to our equity ownership in Sharecare, compared to $0 for the same period in 2020;
o
$34.8 million of interest expense compared to $43.5 million for 2020;
o
$6.5 million of marketing expenses, compared to $12.2 million for 2020;
o
$3.6 million of acquisition, integration, project, and CEO transition costs compared to $15.7 million for 2020;
o
$2.6 million of unrealized gains related to de-designated swaps, compared to unrealized losses of $0.2 million for 2020; and
o
$0 million of restructuring and related charges compared to $4.4 million for 2020;
•
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax benefit, of $2.5 million compared to $280.5 million for 2020.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the components of the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 expressed as a percentage of revenues from continuing operations.
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues
100.0
%
100.0
%
100.0
%
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation included below)
57.8
%
57.2
%
70.4
%
Marketing
1.4
%
2.8
%
2.8
%
Selling, general and administrative expenses
8.7
%
9.8
%
8.4
%
Depreciation expense
2.3
%
2.3
%
1.1
%
Restructuring and related charges
-
1.0
%
0.3
%
Operating income (1)
29.8
%
27.0
%
17.0
%
Interest expense
7.2
%
9.9
%
6.6
%
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt
4.0
%
-
-
Other (income) expense, net
(9.2
)%
0.1
%
-
Income before income taxes (1)
27.8
%
17.0
%
10.3
%
Income tax expense
5.5
%
4.0
%
3.2
%
Income from continuing operations (1)
22.3
%
13.0
%
7.1
%
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax
(0.5
)%
(64.1
)%
(52.4
)%
Net income (loss) (1)
21.8
%
(51.1
)%
(45.3
)%
(1)
Figures may not add due to rounding.
Following is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition, which should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part II, Item 8 of this
report. Discussions of 2019 results and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019 are not included in this Form 10-K, and can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Revenues
Revenues from continuing operations were $481.3 million for 2021 compared to $437.7 million for 2020, an increase of $43.5 million, primarily as a result of a net increase in SilverSneakers revenue of $49.2 million driven by an increase in revenue-generating visits as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lessened compared to the prior year period. Beginning in March 2020, substantially all of our fitness partner locations temporarily closed, with some locations reopening in May and June and throughout the remainder of 2020. For 2020, the average monthly total participation levels of our SilverSneakers members were significantly below historical levels. As a result, revenues from PMPM fees represented 54% of SilverSneakers revenue for 2020, compared to 47% for the same period in 2021. This increase was partially offset by a net decrease of $6.8 million due to other revenue earned during the second quarter of 2020 (that did not recur in 2021) from a program with a large employer seeking to improve its employees’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue from continuing operations (excluding depreciation) as a percentage of revenues increased from 2020 (57.2%) to 2021 (57.8%), primarily due to (i) an increase in participation levels, which led to higher visit costs as a percentage of revenues, particularly revenues from PMPM fees and (ii) an increase in the level of short-term incentive compensation based on the Company’s financial performance against pre-established targets. This increase was slightly offset by decreases due to (i) a decrease in acquisition, integration, and project costs, and (ii) the fixed nature of certain costs that do not increase proportionately with increases in revenue. These costs represented a lower percentage of revenue during 2021 due to the increase in revenue compared to 2020.
Marketing Expenses
Marketing expenses from continuing operations as a percentage of revenues decreased from 2020 (2.8%) to 2021 (1.4%), primarily due to decreased spending in 2021 on SilverSneakers television advertising, due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as a shift in our media mix towards more targeted digital marketing.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses from continuing operations as a percentage of revenues decreased from 2020 (9.8%) to 2021 (8.7%) primarily due to decreases in (i) acquisition, integration, and project costs and (ii) CEO transition-related expenses associated with the termination of our former CEO in February 2020 and the hiring of a new CEO in June 2020. These decreases were partially offset by increases in (i) costs to advance our strategy, such as our new omnichannel marketing platform, and (ii) an increase in the level of short-term incentive compensation based on the Company’s financial performance against pre-established targets.
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense from continuing operations did not change materially from 2020 to 2021.
Restructuring and Related Charges
2019 Restructuring Plan
During the first quarter of 2019, we began a reorganization primarily related to integrating the Nutrisystem business and streamlining our corporate and operations support (the "2019 Restructuring Plan"). The 2019 Restructuring Plan concluded during the first quarter of 2020.
2020 COVID Restructuring Plan
During the second quarter of 2020, we began a reorganization plan primarily related to eliminating certain compensation costs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in order to preserve our liquidity and manage our cash flows (“2020 COVID Restructuring Plan”). The 2020 COVID Restructuring Plan was completed during the third quarter of 2020.
2020 Restructuring Plan
During the third quarter of 2020, we began a reorganization plan primarily related to optimizing our business for growth and executing on our new strategy (“2020 Restructuring Plan”). The 2020 Restructuring Plan was completed during the fourth quarter of 2020.
We incurred restructuring charges under each of the 2019 Restructuring Plan, the 2020 COVID Restructuring Plan, and the 2020 Restructuring Plan as set forth below. These expenses consist entirely of severance and other employee-related costs.
(In millions)
Year
Ended December 31,
Cumulative To Date
2019 Restructuring Plan
$
0.5
$
2.4
2020 COVID Restructuring Plan
0.8
0.8
2020 Restructuring Plan
3.1
3.1
$
4.4
$
6.3
Interest Expense
Interest expense from continuing operations decreased by $8.7 million for 2021 compared to 2020, primarily driven by a decrease in cash interest due to (i) a lower average level of outstanding borrowings in 2021 compared to 2020 and (ii) a reduction in the LIBOR margin for Term B Loans under the Credit Agreement compared to the Prior Credit Agreement.
Loss on Extinguishment and Modification of Debt
Upon execution of the Credit Agreement on June 30, 2021, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $18.2 million. In addition, we incurred third-party costs of $0.8 million, which were recorded as loss on modification of debt. See Note 10 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report for further information.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net was ($44.3) million for 2021 compared to $0.2 million for 2020 due to (i) realized and unrealized gains on our Sharecare Equity Security totaling $41.7 million in 2021, as further described in Note 12 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report, and (ii) changes in fair value of certain interest rate swap agreements that, effective in the fourth quarter of 2020, no longer qualify for hedge accounting treatment (“de-designated swaps”). The combined unrealized and realized gains on our Sharecare Equity Security of $41.7 million increased earnings per diluted share by $0.83 during 2021.
Income Tax Expense
See Note 8 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in this report for a discussion of income tax expense for 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. For the fourth quarter of 2021, we had income tax expense of $9.6 million on a pre-tax loss of $15.4 million, primarily due to the income tax implications of an unrealized loss of $41.4 million related to the change in fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security (as defined in Note 12 in the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report). The income tax benefit that would have otherwise resulted from such unrealized loss was fully offset by income tax expense due to an increase in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to capital loss carryforwards.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
As of December 31, 2021, outstanding debt under the Credit Agreement was $380.5 million, which represented $394.0 million of principal on the Term Loan B less deferred loan costs and original issue discount, and we had $60.1 million of cash and cash equivalents. In addition, we had working capital of $108.5 million, including the Sharecare Equity Security of $49.7 million, which is subject to restrictions on resale as further described in Note 12 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Sources of Liquidity
Our sources of liquidity primarily include cash on hand, cash flows from operations, and available credit under the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2021, availability under the Revolving Credit Facility totaled $99.5 million as calculated under the most restrictive covenant. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to fund our operations and meet our short-term and long-term obligations.
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
Operating activities during 2021 provided cash of $87.1 million compared to $169.4 million during 2020. The decrease is primarily due to (i) reduced cash flows from operating activities from Nutrisystem, which we sold in December 2020, and (ii) reduced cash collections on accounts receivable, primarily due to the fact that collections during the first several months of 2020 were related to billable visits that occurred prior to the negative impacts on our business from the COVID-19 pandemic and were therefore significantly higher than the same period in 2021. These reductions were partially offset by decreased payments related to interest and income taxes.
Cash Flows Provided by/Used in Investing Activities
Investing activities during 2021 used cash of $16.0 million, compared to cash provided of $541.0 million in 2020. This change is primarily due to proceeds from the sale of Nutrisystem in December 2020.
Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities
Financing activities during 2021 used cash of $111.4 million, compared to $612.6 million for 2020. This change is primarily due to a lower amount of net payments under the Prior Credit Agreement and the Credit Agreement during 2021 compared to 2020.
Material Cash Requirements
Our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations primarily relate to our debt and lease obligations. We generally do not have binding and enforceable purchase orders beyond the short term. In September 2021, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100 million of our common stock, with no expiration date. We are not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares, and the timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including our stock price, general economic, business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program may be modified or terminated by the Company’s board of directors at any time.
We are required to repay the outstanding principal of $394.0 million under our Term Loan B in quarterly installments of $1.0 million, payable on the last day of each quarter until maturity on June 30, 2028, at which time the entire outstanding principal balance is due and payable in full. As a result of prepayments made in 2021, our next quarterly installment of $1.0 million is due in March 2023. We maintain eight amortizing interest rate swap agreements maturing in May 2024, of which three qualify for hedge accounting treatment and five are not considered effective hedges (“de-designated swaps”). Based on our outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement and the applicable interest rates as of December 31, 2021, we estimate that our total interest commitments are $125.6 million, with $24.9 million expected within the next twelve months. In addition, based on the applicable interest rates as of December 31, 2021, we estimate that our total cash settlement obligations for the de-designated swaps are $10.6 million, with $5.7 million expected during 2022. Actual future payments may differ
from estimates. Refer to Notes 10 and 14 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further details on debt and interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenant requirements of the Credit Agreement.
Additionally, we have operating and financing leases for office space, equipment, and a network server. Our two operating leases have remaining lease terms of 14 months and 33 months, and our two financing leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year. We maintain two sublease agreements with respect to one of our office locations, each of which continues through the initial term of our master agreement. At December 31, 2021, total future operating and finance lease payments are expected to be $11.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively. During 2022, operating and finance lease payments are expected to be $8.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The majority of future operating lease payments, including those due within the next twelve months, are expected to be offset by cash receipts from sublease contracts. Refer to Note 9 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further details. Finally, during 2022 we are required to pay $6.0 million to a vendor as a deposit to be applied against our actual fees incurred during 2022 and beyond. Any unused portion of the deposit will be refunded at the end of the contract term.
While the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant uncertainty as to general economic and market conditions for 2022 and beyond, as of the date of issuance of this report, we believe our cash on hand, expected cash flows from operations, and anticipated available credit under the Credit Agreement will be sufficient to fund our operations, principal and interest payments, and capital expenditures for the next 12 months. We cannot assure you that we will be able to secure additional financing if needed and, if such funds are available, whether the terms or conditions will be favorable to us. With the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, our ability to engage in financing transactions may be constrained by (i) volatile or tight economic, capital, credit and/or financial market conditions, (ii) moderated investor and/or lender interest or capacity, (iii) restrictions under our Credit Agreement, and/or (iv) our liquidity, leverage and net worth, and we can provide no assurance as to successfully completing, the costs of, or the operational limitations arising from, any one or series of such transactions.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2021.
Recent Relevant Accounting Standards
See Note 3 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report for discussion of recent relevant accounting standards.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to market risk related to interest rate changes, primarily as a result of the Prior Credit Agreement, the Credit Agreement, and certain interest rate swap agreements that, effective October 2020, no longer qualify for hedge accounting treatment (see further discussion below).
Based on the Company’s elections, borrowings under the Prior Credit Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the six months ended June 30, 2021 bore interest at variable rates based on a margin or spread in excess of one-month LIBOR, which could not be less than zero. The LIBOR margin for Term Loan A loans was 4.25%, the LIBOR margin for Term Loan B loans was 5.25%, and the LIBOR margin for revolving loans varied between 3.75% and 4.25%, depending on our total Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement.
On June 30, 2021, we entered into the Credit Agreement and repaid all of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates based on a margin or spread in excess of either (1) one-month, three-month or six-month LIBOR (or, if available to all lenders holding the particular class of loans, 12-month LIBOR), which may not be less than 0.00%, or (2) the greatest of (a) the prime lending rate of the agent bank for the particular facility, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and (c) one-month LIBOR plus 1.00% (the “Base Rate”), as selected by the Company. The Base Rate may not be less than 1.00%. The LIBOR margin for Term Loan B loans is 4.25% and the LIBOR margin for revolving loans varies
between 4.25% and 3.75% depending on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Base Rate margin for Term Loan B loans is 3.25%, and the Base Rate margin for revolving loans varies between 3.25% and 2.75%, depending on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio.
Effective May 31, 2019, we maintain eight amortizing interest rate swap agreements, the notional amount of which was: (i) $800.0 million from January 1, 2020 through December 30, 2020; (ii) $700.0 million from December 31, 2020 through December 30, 2021; and (iii) $600.0 million as of December 31, 2021. Under these interest rate swap agreements, we receive a variable rate of interest based on LIBOR, and we pay a fixed rate of interest equal to approximately 2.2%. All of these interest rate swap agreements were designated as cash flow hedges from their inception through October 18, 2020. Upon entering into the Purchase Agreement with Kainos on October 18, 2020, we determined that some of our hedged transactions would not materially occur in the initially identified time period since we expected to use the majority of the net proceeds from the sale to pay down a significant portion of outstanding debt. As a result, we concluded that five of the eight interest rate swaps no longer qualified for hedge accounting treatment, and we discontinued the related hedging designation (“de-designated swaps”).
The Prior Credit Agreement, the Credit Agreement, and each of the interest rate swap agreements contain a zero percent “floor” with respect to LIBOR (i.e., if the LIBOR rate is negative it will be deemed to be zero). Our exposure to interest rate risk is capped by such floor. During 2021, the actual LIBOR rates under these agreements ranged between 0.08% and 0.15%. For the year ended December 31, 2021, a hypothetical 100-basis point decrease in LIBOR, subject to a zero percent floor, would have decreased our net cash flows by $0.3 million, which reflects increased payments on our interest rate swaps (for which we pay a fixed interest rate of approximately 2.2% and receive a variable interest rate based on LIBOR), partially offset by lower interest payments on variable rate debt outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement and the Credit Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we estimate that a 100-basis point increase in LIBOR would have reduced our net cash flow by $2.4 million, which reflects increased payments on variable rate debt outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement, partially offset by decreased payments related to the de-designated swaps.
Market Price Risk
We are exposed to equity price risk on our Sharecare Equity Security. Beginning in July 2021, changes in the fair value of our Sharecare Equity Security are included in other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded $39.2 million of net unrealized gains on equity securities in other (income) expense, net. A hypothetical one-dollar change in the closing stock price of Sharecare’s common stock on December 31, 2021 would have impacted other (income) expense, net by $11.1 million.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Tivity Health, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tivity Health, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Asset Impairment Assessment - SilverSneakers Tradename
As described in Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s SilverSneakers tradename indefinite-lived intangible asset balance was $29.0 million as of December 31, 2021. Management reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment during the fourth quarter of each year or more frequently whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets may not be recoverable. Fair value of the SilverSneakers indefinite-lived tradename was estimated by management using the relief-from-royalty method. Estimating the fair value of the SilverSneakers indefinite-lived tradename required the use of significant assumptions related to the long-term growth rates of future revenues associated with the tradename, the terminal growth rate of revenue, the royalty rate for such revenue, the tax rate, and the discount rate.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment assessment of the SilverSneakers tradename is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value of the SilverSneakers tradename; (ii) significant auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumption related to the royalty rate for revenue associated with the SilverSneakers tradename; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment assessment, including controls over the development of the significant assumption related to the royalty rate for revenue associated with the SilverSneakers tradename. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value of the SilverSneakers tradename; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation method; (iii) testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in estimating the fair value of the SilverSneakers tradename; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumption used by management related to the royalty rate for revenue associated with the SilverSneakers tradename. Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assumption related to the royalty rate for revenue associated with the SilverSneakers tradename involved considering (i) the current and past financial performance and (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to
assist in evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation method and evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumption related to the royalty rate for revenue associated with the SilverSneakers tradename.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Nashville, Tennessee
February 25, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
TIVITY HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
December 31,
December 31,
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
60,132
$
100,385
Accounts receivable, net
62,730
25,981
Prepaid expenses
6,465
5,556
Income taxes receivable
3,095
10,996
Investment in equity securities
49,746
-
Other current assets
13,733
11,336
Total current assets
195,901
154,254
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of
$44,229 and $38,188 respectively
25,247
20,959
Right-of-use assets
10,695
18,139
Long-term deferred tax asset
-
3,601
Intangible assets, net
29,049
29,049
Goodwill, net
334,680
334,680
Investment in equity securities, long-term
-
10,773
Other assets
2,969
7,528
Total assets
$
598,541
$
578,983
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
$
25,325
$
19,741
Accrued salaries and benefits
11,825
8,949
Accrued liabilities
28,270
18,424
Deferred revenue
3,371
4,460
Current portion of long-term debt
-
7,456
Current portion of lease liabilities
8,007
8,052
Current portion of other long-term liabilities
10,625
14,753
Total current liabilities
87,423
81,835
Long-term debt
380,504
459,250
Long-term lease liabilities
3,487
11,494
Long-term deferred tax liability
3,183
-
Other long-term liabilities
5,037
22,748
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock $.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none
outstanding
-
-
Common Stock $.001 par value, 120,000,000 shares authorized,
49,800,756 and 48,983,735 shares outstanding, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
514,461
513,263
Accumulated deficit
(359,171
)
(464,085
)
Treasury stock, at cost, 2,254,953 shares in treasury
(28,182
)
(28,182
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(8,251
)
(17,389
)
Total stockholders' equity
118,907
3,656
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
598,541
$
578,983
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
TIVITY HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except earnings per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues
$
481,252
$
437,714
$
633,066
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation of $10,662, $9,209,
and $5,920, respectively, included below)
278,252
250,362
445,817
Marketing expense
6,529
12,197
17,720
Selling, general and administrative expenses
41,991
42,765
53,198
Depreciation expense
11,298
9,930
7,137
Restructuring and related charges
-
4,358
1,881
Operating income
143,182
118,102
107,313
Interest expense
34,762
43,477
41,803
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt
19,027
-
-
Other (income) expense, net
(44,328
)
-
Total non-operating expense, net
9,461
43,703
41,803
Income before income taxes
133,721
74,399
65,510
Income tax expense
26,345
17,530
20,293
Income from continuing operations
$
107,376
$
56,869
$
45,217
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax
benefit of $844, $46,851, and $59,881, respectively
(2,462
)
(280,500
)
(332,038
)
Net income (loss)
$
104,914
$
(223,631
)
$
(286,821
)
Earnings (loss) per share - basic:
Continuing operations
$
2.17
$
1.17
$
0.97
Discontinued operations
$
(0.05
)
$
(5.75
)
$
(7.14
)
Net income (loss) (1)
$
2.12
$
(4.59
)
$
(6.17
)
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted:
Continuing operations
$
2.13
$
1.16
$
0.96
Discontinued operations
$
(0.05
)
$
(5.70
)
$
(7.05
)
Net income (loss)
$
2.08
$
(4.54
)
$
(6.09
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
114,052
$
(228,929
)
$
(298,912
)
Weighted average common shares and equivalents:
Basic
49,573
48,746
46,509
Diluted
50,424
49,217
47,103
(1)
Figures may not add due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
TIVITY HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
Net income (loss)
$
104,914
$
(223,631
)
$
(286,821
)
Net change in fair value of effective portion of interest rate swaps
designated as cash flow hedges, net of tax (expense) benefit of
($2,981), $5,540, and $4,147, respectively
8,691
(16,151
)
(12,091
)
Reclassification adjustment for loss from interest rate swaps de-
designated as cash flow hedges included in "Loss from
discontinued operations, net," net of tax of $3,661
-
10,675
-
Reclassification adjustment for previously deferred loss from
interest rate swaps included in "Interest expense," net of
tax of $153 and $61, respectively
-
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
$
9,138
$
(5,298
)
$
(12,091
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
114,052
$
(228,929
)
$
(298,912
)
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
TIVITY HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands)
Preferred
Stock
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)
Treasury
Stock
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
-
$
$
347,487
$
46,445
$
(28,182
)
$
-
$
365,791
Comprehensive income (loss)
-
-
-
(286,821
)
-
(12,091
)
(298,912
)
Issuance of Common Stock in connection with Merger
-
132,832
-
-
-
132,838
Share-based compensation replacement awards related to merger and attributable to pre-combination services
-
-
9,107
-
-
-
9,107
Exercise and vesting of share-based compensation awards
-
-
-
-
Tax withholding for share-based compensation
-
-
(4,733
)
-
-
-
(4,733
)
Share-based employee compensation expense
-
-
18,832
-
-
-
18,832
Other
-
-
(94
)
(118
)
-
-
(212
)
Balance, December 31, 2019
$
-
$
$
504,419
$
(240,494
)
$
(28,182
)
$
(12,091
)
$
223,700
Comprehensive income (loss)
-
-
-
(223,631
)
-
(5,298
)
(228,929
)
Exercise and vesting of share-based compensation awards
-
1,024
-
-
-
1,025
Tax withholding for share-based compensation
-
-
(6,257
)
-
-
-
(6,257
)
Share-based employee compensation expense
-
-
14,077
-
-
-
14,077
Other
-
-
-
-
-
Balance, December 31, 2020
$
-
$
$
513,263
$
(464,085
)
$
(28,182
)
$
(17,389
)
$
3,656
Comprehensive income
-
-
-
104,914
-
9,138
114,052
Exercise and vesting of share-based compensation awards
-
-
-
-
Tax withholding for share-based compensation
-
-
(8,796
)
-
-
-
(8,796
)
Share-based employee compensation expense
-
-
10,060
-
-
-
10,060
Repurchases of common stock
-
-
(751
)
(751
)
Balance, December 31, 2021
$
-
$
$
514,461
$
(359,171
)
$
(28,182
)
$
(8,251
)
$
118,907
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
TIVITY HEALTH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities:
Income from continuing operations
$
107,376
$
56,869
$
45,217
Loss from discontinued operations
(2,462
)
(280,500
)
(332,038
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Loss on extinguishment of debt
18,237
-
-
Depreciation and amortization
11,298
45,887
50,775
Amortization and write-off of deferred loan costs
2,973
9,190
4,487
Amortization and write-off of debt discount
1,861
8,604
3,711
Share-based employee compensation expense
10,060
14,077
18,832
(Gain) loss on derivatives
(2,627
)
14,562
-
Unrealized gain on investments in equity securities
(39,232
)
-
-
Realized gain on investments in equity securities
(2,469
)
-
-
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets of discontinued operation
-
199,500
377,100
Loss on sale of Nutrition business
-
90,163
-
Deferred income taxes
3,649
(38,438
)
(52,076
)
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable, net
(36,749
)
63,239
(8,283
)
Changes in income taxes receivable and payable
7,901
(11,401
)
1,125
(Increase) decrease in other current assets
(1,549
)
12,125
Decrease in accounts payable
(951
)
(3,182
)
(10,052
)
Increase in accrued salaries and benefits
2,876
3,608
Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities
5,342
(18,765
)
(21,900
)
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue
(1,089
)
(1,198
)
Other
2,678
6,703
2,056
Net cash flows provided by operating activities
$
87,123
$
169,447
$
82,305
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment
$
(14,750
)
$
(15,525
)
$
(24,713
)
Proceeds from sale of Nutrition business, net of cash transferred
2,747
558,067
-
Proceeds from sale of equity securities
2,728
-
-
Settlement on derivatives not designated as hedges
(6,697
)
(1,499
)
-
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
-
-
(1,062,818
)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
$
(15,972
)
$
541,043
$
(1,087,531
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
$
398,000
$
196,525
$
1,611,970
Payments of long-term debt
(502,275
)
(795,100
)
(574,329
)
Deferred loan costs
(3,953
)
-
(30,189
)
Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation
(8,796
)
(6,257
)
(4,733
)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
1,025
Repurchases of common stock
(751
)
-
-
Change in cash overdraft and other
5,685
(8,784
)
2,083
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
$
(111,404
)
$
(612,591
)
$
1,005,791
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
$
-
$
-
$
(12
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
$
(40,253
)
$
97,899
$
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
100,385
2,486
1,933
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
60,132
$
100,385
$
2,486
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest
$
29,465
$
71,439
$
67,717
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds
$
13,951
$
20,433
$
8,370
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019
1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Tivity Health, Inc. (the “Company”) was founded and incorporated in Delaware in 1981. We are a leading provider of healthy life-changing solutions, including SilverSneakers®, Prime® Fitness, and WholeHealth LivingTM. We help adults improve their health and support them on life’s journey by providing access to in-person and virtual physical activity, social engagement, and mental enrichment programs. We deliver resources that enable members to live healthier, happier, more connected lives. Our solutions support health plans and employers nationwide as they seek to reduce costs and improve health outcomes.
Effective as of December 9, 2020, we completed the sale of Nutrisystem. Results of operations for Nutrisystem have been classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Tivity Health, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Tivity Health,” the “Company,” or such terms as “we,” “us,” or “our”) reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement. We have reclassified certain items in prior periods to conform to current classifications.
a.
Principles of Consolidation - See discussion above regarding Nutrisystem. We have eliminated all intercompany profits, transactions, and balances.
b.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents primarily include cash on deposit. Book cash overdrafts issued, but not yet presented to the bank for payment, are reclassified to accounts payable.
c.
Accounts Receivable, net - Accounts receivable includes billed and unbilled amounts. Billed receivables represent fees that are contractually due for services performed or products sold, net of allowances for doubtful accounts (reflected as selling, general and administrative expenses). Allowances for doubtful accounts were $0 at December 31, 2021 and 2020. Historically, we have experienced minimal instances of customer non-payment and therefore consider our accounts receivable to be collectible; however, we provide reserves, when appropriate, for doubtful accounts on a specific identification basis. Unbilled receivables were $16.2 million and $5.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and primarily represent fees recognized for monthly member utilization of fitness facilities under our SilverSneakers fitness solution, billed one month in arrears.
d.
Investment in equity securities - At December 31, 2021, investment in equity securities consists of 11,079,331 shares of common stock of Sharecare, Inc. As required under Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 321, beginning in July 2021, we carry the investment at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income as unrealized gains or losses. See Note 12 for further information on investment in equity securities.
e.
Property and Equipment - Property and equipment is carried at cost and includes expenditures that increase value or extend useful lives. We recognize depreciation using the straight-line method over useful lives of three to seven years for computer software and hardware and four to seven years for furniture and office equipment, and three to five years for equipment. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated life of the asset or the life of the lease, which ranges from two to fifteen years. Depreciation expense, including depreciation of assets recorded under finance leases, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $11.3 million, $9.9 million, and $7.1 million, respectively.
f.
Leases - We recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with contractual terms longer than twelve months, and we categorize such leases as either operating or finance. Finance leases are generally those leases that allow us to substantially utilize or pay for the entire asset over its estimated life. All other leases are categorized as operating leases. Our leases generally have remaining lease terms of seven to 33 months, some of which include options to extend the lease for additional periods. Such extension options were not considered in the value of the asset or liability since it is not probable that we will exercise the options to extend. If applicable, allocations among lease and non-lease components would be achieved using relative fair values.
Lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the fixed lease payments, reduced by landlord incentives using a discount rate based on similarly secured borrowings available to us. Lease assets are recognized based on the initial present value of the fixed lease payments, reduced by landlord incentives, plus any direct costs from executing the leases. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the lesser of their expected useful life or the lease term.
Costs associated with right-of-use assets are recognized on a straight-line basis within operating expenses over the term of the lease. Finance lease assets are amortized within operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term. The interest component of a finance lease is included in interest expense and recognized using the effective interest method over the lease term. See Note 9 for further information on leases.
g.
Intangible Assets - Intangible assets subject to amortization include acquired technology and distributor and provider networks, which we amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from three to ten years. All intangible assets related to continuing operations and subject to amortization were fully amortized at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Intangible assets related to continuing operations and not subject to amortization at December 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of a trade name of $29.0 million.
In accordance with ASC 350, we review indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis (during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year) or more frequently whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We estimate the fair value of our indefinite-lived tradename using the relief-from-royalty method, which requires us to estimate significant assumptions such as the long-term growth rates of future revenues associated with the tradename, the royalty rate for such revenue, the terminal growth rate of revenue, the tax rate, and a discount rate. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the estimate of fair value for the tradename. See Note 6 for further information on intangible assets.
h.
Goodwill - We recognize goodwill for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets of businesses that we acquire.
In accordance with ASC 350, we review goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis (during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year) or more frequently whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Following the sale of our Nutrition business in December 2020, we have a single reporting unit.
As part of the annual impairment test, we may elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If we elect not to perform a qualitative assessment or we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative review. During the quantitative review, if the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, no impairment is indicated. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, impairment of goodwill is measured as the excess of the carrying amount over fair value. See Note 6 for further information on goodwill.
i.
Accounts Payable - Accounts payable consists of short-term trade obligations and includes cash overdrafts attributable to disbursements not yet cleared by the bank.
j.
Accrued Liabilities - Accrued liabilities primarily include amounts owed for estimated member visits to fitness network locations (which actual visit data is typically received approximately one month in arrears). Estimated amounts accrued for member visits at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $19.3 million and $10.5 million, respectively.
k.
Income Taxes - We file a consolidated federal income tax return that includes all of our wholly owned subsidiaries. U.S. GAAP generally requires that we record deferred income taxes for the tax effect of differences between the book and tax bases of our assets and liabilities. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial
statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are expected to be realized. When we determine that it is more likely than not that we will be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset is made and reflected in income.
l.
Revenue Recognition - See Note 4 for a further discussion of revenue recognition.
m.
Marketing Expense - Marketing expense includes media, advertising production, marketing, and promotional expenses and payroll-related expenses, including share-based payment arrangements, for personnel engaged in these activities. Media expense from continuing operations was $4.0 million, $7.2 million, and $7.1 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Internet advertising expense is recorded based on either the rate of delivery of a guaranteed number of impressions over the advertising contract term or on a cost per customer acquired, depending upon the terms. All other advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred or, in the case of production costs, the first time the advertising takes place. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, $1.8 million and $0 million, respectively, of costs have been prepaid for future advertisements and promotions.
n.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share - We calculate basic earnings (loss) per share using weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. We calculate diluted earnings (loss) per share using weighted average common shares outstanding during the period plus the effect of all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period unless the impact would be anti-dilutive. During 2019 and 2020, we used the two-class method to calculate earnings per share (“EPS”) as the unvested restricted stock awards outstanding under our equity incentive plan were participating shares with nonforfeitable rights to dividends. Under the two-class method, we computed earnings per share of common stock by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common stockholders (not applicable as we do not pay dividends) and undistributed earnings allocated to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock for the period. In applying the two-class method, we allocated undistributed earnings to both shares of common stock and participating securities based on the number of weighted average shares outstanding during the period. During periods of net loss, no effect was given to the participating securities because they did not share in the losses of the Company. There were no participating securities during 2021; as such, we did not calculate EPS using the two-class method during 2021. See Note 15 for a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.
o.
Share-Based Compensation - We recognize all share-based payments to employees in the consolidated statements of operations over the required vesting period based on estimated fair values at the date of grant. See Note 7 for a further discussion of share-based compensation.
p.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - We generally use derivative instruments to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. We account for derivatives in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 815, which establishes accounting and reporting standards requiring that certain derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Additionally, changes in the derivative’s fair value will be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For derivatives that are designated and qualify as effective cash flow hedges, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings as interest expense when the hedged transaction affects earnings. If a derivative instrument ceases to be a highly effective hedge, we will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively for the affected derivative instrument. The application of the authoritative guidance could impact the volatility of earnings. See Note 14 for further information on derivative instruments and hedging activities.
q.
Management Estimates - In preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect: (1) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and (2) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2.
Discontinued Operations
Effective as of December 9, 2020, we completed the sale of Nutrisystem, Inc. (“Nutrisystem”) to KNS Acquisition Corp. (“Kainos”) for an aggregate purchase price, after giving effect to customary indebtedness and cash adjustments, of approximately $558.9 million, which amount was subject to a customary working capital adjustment post-closing. Such working capital adjustment was finalized in the second quarter of 2021 and resulted in additional proceeds of $2.7 million. Additionally, we incurred $11.2 million of transaction costs in 2020 directly related to the disposition of Nutrisystem, resulting in net proceeds, after post-closing adjustment, of $550.4 million.
In accordance with ASC Topic 205, “Presentation of Financial Statements”, the Nutrition business met the criteria for discontinued operations, as it was a component of the Company and the sale represented a strategic shift in the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Nutrition business have been classified as discontinued operations for 2019, 2020, and 2021.
The following table presents financial results of the Nutrition business included in “loss from discontinued operations" for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Year Ended December 31
(In thousands)
2020 (1)
2019 (2)
Revenues
$
-
$
617,191
$
498,091
Cost of revenues
-
291,097
232,240
Marketing expenses
-
196,952
140,286
Selling, general and administrative expenses (3)
3,210
59,093
56,840
Depreciation and amortization
-
35,957
43,638
Impairment loss
-
199,500
377,100
Restructuring and related charges
-
5,143
Interest expense (4)
-
36,798
34,763
Pretax loss from discontinued operations
(3,210
)
(202,678
)
(391,919
)
Loss on de-designation of cash flow hedges (5)
-
(14,336
)
-
Write-off of deferred loan costs and debt discount (4)
-
(8,946
)
-
Loss on sale of Nutrition business (6)
(96
)
(101,391
)
-
Total pretax loss from discontinued operations
$
(3,306
)
$
(327,351
)
$
(391,919
)
Income tax benefit
(844
)
(46,851
)
(59,881
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax benefit
$
(2,462
)
$
(280,500
)
$
(332,038
)
(1)
Results include the period from January 1, 2020 through December 8, 2020.
(2)
Results include the period from March 8, 2019 (the date of acquisition) through December 31, 2019.
(3)
For the year ended December 31, 2021, expenses from discontinued operations primarily relate to legal and other professional fees.
(4)
The term loans under our Prior Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 10) were originated with the purchase of Nutrisystem on March 8, 2019. Following the disposition of Nutrisystem, we repaid $519.0 million of principal on the Term Loans under the terms of the Prior Credit Agreement. In conjunction with the partial debt prepayment, we wrote off a portion of the related deferred loan costs and original issue discount. We allocated interest expense to discontinued operations based on the interest expense incurred from March 8, 2019 through December 8, 2020 related to $519.0 million of term loan debt, using our historical interest rates.
(5)
Represents loss recognized in the fourth quarter of 2020 in connection with the de-designation of cash flow hedging on interest rate swaps (see Note 14).
(6)
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the loss on sale of business consists of impairment losses of $90.2 million related to Nutrisystem goodwill (see Note 13), which includes post-closing adjustments related to final
settlement, and $11.2 million of transaction costs directly related to the disposition of Nutrisystem. During the year ended December 31, 2021, an additional loss of $0.1 million was recognized upon final settlement of the post-closing working capital adjustment.
The depreciation, amortization and significant operating and investing non-cash items of the discontinued operations were as follows:
Year Ended December 31
(In thousands)
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
$
-
$
199,500
$
377,100
Loss on sale of business
-
90,163
-
Depreciation and amortization
-
35,957
43,638
Loss on de-designation of cash flow hedges
-
14,336
-
Write-off of deferred loan costs and debt discount (1)
-
8,946
-
Capital expenditures on discontinued operations
-
6,794
10,168
Share-based compensation on discontinued operations
-
4,351
13,230
Deferred income taxes
(844
)
(54,561
)
(68,488
)
(1)
Reflected on the consolidated statement of cash flows in the line items “Amortization and write-off of deferred loan costs” and “Amortization and write-off of debt discount”.
3.
Recent Relevant Accounting Standards
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes" (“ASU 2018-16”), which adds the OIS rate based on SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate to facilitate the LIBOR to SOFR transition and provide lead time for entities to prepare for changes to interest rate risk hedging strategies. ASU 2018-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. As of December 31, 2021, the benchmark interest rate in our existing interest rate swap agreements is LIBOR. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (“ASC 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform: Scope”, which refines the scope of ASC 848 and clarifies the application of its guidance. ASC 848 contains temporary optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, such as a transition away from the use of LIBOR. ASC 848 was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2020. The provisions of ASC 848 are available through December 31, 2022, at which time the reference rate replacement activity is expected to have been completed. The provisions of ASC 848 must be applied at a Topic, Subtopic or Industry Subtopic level for all transactions other than derivatives, which may be applied at a hedging relationship level. The accounting relief provided by ASC 848 is applicable only to legacy contracts if the amendments made to the agreements are solely for reference rate reform activities. Modifications that are unrelated to reference rate reform will scope out a given contract. ASC 848 allows for different elections to be made at different points in time, and the timing of those elections will be documented as applicable. For the avoidance of doubt, we intend to reassess the elections of optional expedients and exceptions included within ASC 848 related to our hedging activities and will document the election of these items on a quarterly basis. In March 2020, we elected the expedient that allows us to assume that our hedged interest payments are probable of occurring regardless of any expected modification in their terms related to reference rate reform. In addition, we have the option to change the method of assessing effectiveness upon a change in the critical terms of the derivative or the hedged transactions and upon the end of relief under ASC 848. In June 2020, we elected to (i) continue the method of assessing effectiveness as documented in the original hedge documentation and (ii) apply the expedient wherein the reference rate on the hypothetical derivative matches the reference rate on the hedging instrument. We will also apply the aforementioned elections to any future designated cash flow hedging relationship.
4. Revenue Recognition
We account for revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASC Topic 606. The unit of account in ASC Topic 606 is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract to transfer to a customer either a distinct good or service (or bundle of goods or services) or a series of distinct goods or services provided over a period of time. ASC Topic 606 requires that a contract's transaction price, which is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, is to be allocated to each performance obligation in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices and recognized as revenue when or as the performance obligation is satisfied.
We earn revenue from continuing operations primarily from three programs: SilverSneakers senior fitness, Prime Fitness, and WholeHealth Living. We provide the SilverSneakers senior fitness program to members of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, and group retiree plans through our contracts with such plans. We offer Prime Fitness, a fitness facility access program, through contracts with commercial health plans, employers, and other sponsoring organizations that allow their members to individually purchase the program. We sell our WholeHealth Living program primarily to health plans.
Except for Prime Fitness, our customer contracts generally have initial terms of approximately three years. Some contracts allow the customer to terminate early and/or determine on an annual basis to which of their members they will offer our programs. For Prime Fitness, our contracts with commercial health plans, employers, and other sponsoring organizations generally have initial terms of approximately three years, while individuals who purchase the Prime Fitness program through these organizations may cancel at any time (on a monthly basis) after an initial period of one to three months. The significant majority of our customer contracts contain one performance obligation - to stand ready to provide access to our network of fitness locations and fitness programming - which is satisfied over time as services are rendered each month over the contract term. Unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of a particular month primarily relate to certain monthly memberships for our Prime Fitness program, which are recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet and recognized as revenue during the immediately subsequent month. There was $0.1 million of revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021 from performance obligations satisfied in a prior period. Deferred revenue was $3.4 million and $4.5 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During 2021, we recognized $4.4 million of revenue that was included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2020 and increased deferred revenue by $3.3 million, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during 2021.
Our fees are variable month to month and are generally billed per member per month (“PMPM”) or billed based on a combination of PMPM and member visits to a network location. We bill PMPM fees by multiplying the contractually negotiated PMPM rate by the number of members eligible for or receiving our services during the month. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the average monthly total participation levels of our members have fluctuated significantly since March 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2021, total SilverSneakers visits and revenues were higher than the same period in 2020 as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lessened compared to the prior year period. As a result, revenues from PMPM fees (which are not derived from visits) represented 47% of SilverSneakers revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 54% for the year ended December 31, 2020. We bill for member visits approximately one month in arrears once actual member visits are known. Payments from customers are typically due within 30 days of invoice date. When material, we capitalize costs to obtain contracts with customers and amortize them over the expected recovery period. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of such costs were capitalized. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, amortization expense related to such capitalized costs was $0.7 million, $0.4 million, and $0.1 million, respectively.
Our customer contracts include variable consideration, which is allocated to each distinct month over the contract term based on eligible members and/or member visits each month. The allocated consideration corresponds directly with the value to our customers of our services completed for the month. Under the majority of our contracts, we recognize revenue each month using the practical expedient available under ASC 606-10-55-18, which provides that revenue is recognized in the amount for which we have the right to invoice. ASC 606-10-50-14(b) provides an optional exemption, which we have elected to apply, from disclosing remaining performance obligations when revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of the performance obligation in accordance with the “right to invoice” practical expedient.
Although we evaluate our financial performance and make resource allocation decisions based upon the results of our single operating and reportable segment, we believe the following information depicts how our revenues and cash flows from continuing operations are affected by economic factors.
The following table sets forth revenue from continuing operations disaggregated by program. Revenue from our SilverSneakers program is predominantly contracted with Medicare Advantage and Medicare Supplement plans.
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31
SilverSneakers
$
362,767
$
313,575
$
492,778
Prime Fitness
94,254
95,015
120,949
WholeHealth Living
23,777
19,776
18,511
Other (1)
9,348
$
481,252
$
437,714
$
633,066
(1)
For the year ended December 31, 2020, other revenue in the table above includes $6.8 million from a well-being program with a large employer (which we do not expect to recur at this level) and $2.2 million of revenue from home-delivered meals.
Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.
5.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment at December 31, 2021 and 2020 consisted of the following:
(In thousands)
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Leasehold improvements
$
7,627
$
7,963
Computer equipment and related software
57,095
45,504
Furniture and office equipment
2,683
4,418
Capital projects in process
2,071
1,262
Total property and equipment at cost
$
69,476
$
59,147
Less: accumulated depreciation
(44,229
)
(38,188
)
Total property and equipment, net
$
25,247
$
20,959
6.
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
There was no change in the carrying amount of goodwill of continuing operations during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020. At each of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the gross amount of goodwill of continuing operations totaled $517.0 million, and we had accumulated impairment losses of $182.4 million.
Intangible assets subject to amortization at December 31, 2021 and 2020 consisted of the following:
(In thousands)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Acquired technology
$
1,483
$
(1,483
)
-
Distributor and provider networks
8,709
(8,709
)
-
Total
$
10,192
$
(10,192
)
$
-
As all intangible assets subject to amortization were fully amortized as of December 31, 2016, no amortization was incurred during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, and no amortization expense is expected over the next five years and thereafter.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, intangible assets not subject to amortization consisted of a tradename of $29.0 million.
7.
Share-Based Compensation
During 2021 we had four types of share-based awards outstanding to our employees and directors: stock options, restricted stock units, performance-based stock units, and market stock units. All performance-based stock units were vested as of December 31, 2021. We believe that our share-based awards align the interests of our employees and directors with those of our stockholders.
We grant options under our stock incentive plan at fair value on the date of grant. The options generally vest over or at the end of three years based on service conditions and expire seven or ten years from the date of grant. Restricted stock units generally vest over three or four years. Performance-based stock units had a multi-year performance period and vested approximately two or three years from the grant date. Market stock units granted during 2020 have a three-year performance period and will vest at the end of such period based on total shareholder return.
We recognize share-based compensation expense for options, restricted stock units, and performance-based stock units on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. We account for forfeitures as they occur. We recognize share-based compensation expense for market stock units if the requisite service period is rendered, even if the market condition is never satisfied. All awards generally provide for accelerated vesting upon a change in control or normal or early retirement (as defined in the applicable equity award agreement or stock incentive plan). At December 31, 2021, we had reserved approximately 1.1 million shares for future equity grants under our stock incentive plans.
Following are certain amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for share-based compensation arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. We did not capitalize any share-based compensation costs during these periods.
Year Ended
December 31,
December 31,
December 31,
(In millions)
Share-based compensation included in cost of revenue
$
2.5
$
2.7
$
2.2
Share-based compensation included in selling, general and
administrative expenses
7.6
6.2
3.4
Share-based compensation included in restructuring and related
charges
-
0.8
-
Share-based compensation included in continuing operations
$
10.1
$
9.7
$
5.6
Share-based compensation included in discontinued operations
-
4.4
13.2
Total share-based compensation
$
10.1
$
14.1
$
18.8
Total income tax benefit recognized in continuing operations
2.6
2.5
1.4
As of December 31, 2021, there was $10.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under our stock incentive plan. That total cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
Stock Options
We use a lattice-based binomial option valuation model ("lattice binomial model") to estimate the fair values of stock options. We base expected volatility on historical volatility due to the low volume of traded options on our stock. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the lattice binomial model and represents
the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. We used historical data to estimate expected option exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior within the lattice binomial model.
The following table sets forth the weighted average grant-date fair values of options and the weighted average assumptions we used to develop the fair value estimates for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. There were no stock options granted during fiscal 2019.
Year Ended
December 31,
Year Ended
December 31,
Year Ended
December 31,
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options per share
$
13.31
$
8.20
$
-
Expected term (in years)
6.3
6.2
-
Assumptions:
Expected volatility
63.1
%
63.2
%
-
Expected dividends
-
-
-
Risk-free rate
1.4
%
0.7
%
-
A summary of options as of December 31, 2021 and the activity during the year then ended is presented below:
Options
Shares
(In thousands)
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Per Share
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(In years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021
$
17.83
Granted
26.48
Exercised
(81
)
12.47
Forfeited
(24
)
17.64
Expired
(2
)
35.82
Outstanding at December 31, 2021
$
21.75
5.4
$
2,805
Exercisable at December 31, 2021
$
22.82
3.4
$
The total intrinsic value, which represents the difference between the market price of the underlying common stock and the option's exercise price, of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $0.9 million, $0.6 million, and $0.6 million, respectively.
Cash received from option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements during 2021 was $0.7 million. The actual tax benefit realized during 2021 for the tax deductions from option exercises totaled $0.2 million. We issue new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, performance-based stock units, and market stock units.
Nonvested Shares
The fair value of restricted stock units and performance-based stock units is determined based on the closing bid price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. The weighted average grant-date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $24.15, $11.17, and $19.68, respectively. The weighted average grant-date fair value of performance-based stock units granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $21.49 and $20.20, respectively. No performance-based stock units were granted during 2021. The Monte Carlo simulation valuation model is used to determine the fair value of market stock units. The weighted average grant-date fair value of all market stock units granted during 2020 was $18.84. No market stock units were granted during 2021 or 2019.
The three tables below set forth a summary of our nonvested shares as of December 31, 2021, as well as activity during the year then ended. The total grant-date fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $10.9 million, $13.6 million, and $23.5 million, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units
Shares
(In thousands)
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2021
1,241
$
11.58
Granted
24.15
Vested
(803
)
11.43
Forfeited
(21
)
15.48
Nonvested at December 31, 2021
$
15.20
Performance Stock Units
Shares
(In thousands)
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2021
$
20.30
Vested
(84
)
20.31
Forfeited
(2
)
19.71
Nonvested at December 31, 2021
-
$
-
Market Stock Units
Shares
(In thousands)
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2021
$
18.84
Nonvested at December 31, 2021
$
18.84
8.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense is comprised of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Current taxes:
Federal
$
16,421
$
$
3,051
State
5,431
Deferred taxes:
Federal
5,658
14,114
11,853
State
(1,165
)
2,009
4,559
Total
$
26,345
$
17,530
$
20,293
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The following table sets forth the significant components of our net deferred tax liability and asset as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands)
December 31,
December 31,
Deferred tax asset:
Accruals and reserves
$
$
1,137
Deferred compensation
Share-based payments
1,279
2,909
Lease liability
2,936
4,993
Section 163(j) interest limitation
2,902
Interest rate swap
2,830
5,964
Unrealized losses
-
3,720
Net operating loss carryforwards
19,962
10,608
Capital loss carryforwards
145,330
149,608
175,875
179,913
Valuation allowance
(148,754
)
(152,295
)
$
27,121
$
27,618
Deferred tax liability:
Property and equipment
$
(5,614
)
$
(4,516
)
Intangible assets
(14,986
)
(14,868
)
Unrealized gains
(6,972
)
-
Right-of-use assets
(2,732
)
(4,633
)
(30,304
)
(24,017
)
Net long-term deferred tax (liability) asset
$
(3,183
)
$
3,601
In 2019, upon closing of the acquisition of Nutrisystem, we evaluated the realizability of beginning-of-the-year deferred tax assets and increased the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to state net operating loss carryforwards by $1.8 million. We also recorded a $0.9 million reduction in deferred tax assets related to state income tax credits. These two adjustments increased our income tax expense for 2019 by approximately $2.7 million. In 2020, upon closing of the Nutrisystem divestiture, we evaluated the realizability of beginning-of-the-year deferred tax assets and decreased the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to state net operating loss carryforwards by $2.7 million.
At December 31, 2021, we provided a total valuation allowance of $148.8 million, which consisted of (i) $2.4 million of deferred tax assets associated with our international net operating loss carryforwards, (ii) $11.0 million of deferred tax assets associated with our state net operating loss carryforwards, and (iii) $135.4 million for deferred tax assets related to capital loss carryforwards generated in the 2020 sale of Nutrisystem. Capital loss carryforwards can only be used to offset future capital gains and cannot be used to offset any future operating losses the Company may incur. We reduced our valuation allowance at December 31, 2021 by $9.9 million based on the positive evidence provided by the $39.2 million unrecognized capital gain in our equity ownership in Sharecare. We recorded a total decrease in our valuation allowance of $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our valuation allowance at December 31, 2020 totaled $152.3 million.
At December 31, 2021, we had international net operating loss carryforwards totaling approximately $8.3 million, $8.0 million of which have an indefinite carryforward period, approximately $344.1 million of state net operating loss carryforwards expiring between 2026 and 2040, and approximately $573.4 million of capital loss carryforwards expiring in 2025.
We recorded a tax effect of $2.8 million in 2021 related to our interest rate swap agreements to stockholder’s equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
The difference between income tax expense computed using the statutory federal income tax rate and the effective rate is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Statutory federal income tax
$
28,081
$
15,624
$
13,757
State income taxes, less federal income tax benefit
6,675
3,607
3,048
Executive compensation
2,172
1,062
Change in valuation allowance
(14,275
)
(2,659
)
2,509
Share-based compensation
(2,644
)
State income tax credits
-
-
Capital loss expiration
7,139
-
-
Prior year tax adjustments
(970
)
(592
)
(464
)
Net impact of foreign operations
(9
)
Other
Income tax expense
$
26,345
$
17,530
$
20,293
Uncertain Tax Positions
As of December 31, 2021, we had no unrecognized tax benefits that would affect our effective tax rate. During 2020, we recorded a $1.1 million decrease to unrecognized tax benefits primarily related to the unrecognized tax benefits divested in the sale of Nutrisystem. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
The aggregate changes in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest, were as follows. There were no changes in unrecognized tax benefits during 2021.
(In thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019
$
1,061
Increases related to prior year tax positions
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations
(20
)
Decreases related to Nutrisystem divestiture
(1,125
)
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2020
$
-
We file income tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. Tax years remaining subject to examination in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction include 2018 to present.
9.
Leases
We account for leases under ASC 842. We maintain lease agreements principally for our office spaces and certain equipment. We maintain two sublease agreements with respect to one of our office locations, each of which continues through the initial term of our master lease agreement. Such sublease income and payments, while they reduce our rent expense, are not considered in the value of the right-of-use asset or lease liability. With the exception of two finance leases related to a network server and office equipment, all of our leases are classified as operating leases. In the aggregate, our leases generally have remaining lease terms of seven to 33 months, some of which include options to extend the lease for additional periods. Such extension options were not considered in the value of the right-of-use asset or lease liability because it is not probable that we will exercise the options to extend. If applicable, allocations among lease and non-lease components would be achieved using relative standalone selling prices.
Upon adoption of ASC 842, we determined our estimated discount rate for existing leases as of January 1, 2019 based on the incremental borrowing rate that most closely aligned with the remaining lease term and payment schedule, as provided by our financial institution. The discount rates for leases entered into after January 1, 2019 were determined based on similarly secured borrowings available to us as of lease inception.
The following table shows the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recorded on the balance sheet:
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
(In thousands)
Right-of-use assets:
Operating
$
10,327
$
17,145
Finance
Total leased assets
$
10,695
$
18,139
Lease liabilities:
Current
Operating
$
7,610
$
7,408
Finance
Non-current
Operating
$
3,487
$
11,097
Finance
-
Total lease liabilities
$
11,494
$
19,546
The following table shows the components of lease expense:
Year Ended December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased assets
$
$
Interest of lease liabilities
Operating lease cost
7,578
7,872
Total lease cost before subleases
$
8,246
$
8,644
Sublease income
(5,377
)
(5,452
)
Total lease cost, net
$
2,869
$
3,192
The following provides information related to the lease term and discount rate as of December 31, 2021:
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years)
Operating leases
1.7
Finance leases
0.6
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases
4.9
%
Finance leases
5.9
%
As of December 31, 2021, maturities of lease liabilities for each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:
Operating Leases
Financing
(In thousands)
Lease Payments
Sublease Receipts
Net
Leases
7,957
(5,732
)
2,225
2,518
(957
)
1,561
-
1,083
-
1,083
-
Total lease payments
11,558
$
(6,689
)
$
4,869
Less: interest
(461
)
(6
)
Present value of lease liabilities
$
11,097
$
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flow attributable to operating leases
$
(3,921
)
$
(3,492
)
Operating cash flow attributable to finance leases
(42
)
(86
)
Financing cash flow attributable to finance leases
(642
)
(622
)
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no noncash transactions related to leases.
10.
Debt
The Company’s debt, net of unamortized deferred loan costs and original issue discount, consisted of the following at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:
(In thousands)
December 31,
December 31,
Term Loan A
$
-
$
124,035
Term Loan B
394,000
372,240
394,000
496,275
Less: deferred loan costs and original issue discount
(13,496
)
(29,569
)
Total debt
380,504
466,706
Less: current portion
-
(7,456
)
Total long-term debt
$
380,504
$
459,250
Credit Facility
On June 30, 2021, we entered into a new Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a group of lenders, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as general administrative agent, term loan facility administrative agent and collateral agent (“Morgan Stanley”), and Truist Bank, as revolving facility agent and swingline lender (“Truist”). The Credit Agreement replaced our prior Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated March 8, 2019 (the “Prior Credit Agreement”), with a group of lenders, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as general administrative agent, term facility agent and collateral agent, and Truist, as revolving facility agent and swingline lender. The Credit Agreement provides us with (i) a $400.0 million term loan B facility (the “Term Loan B”), (ii) a $100.0 million revolving credit facility that includes a $30.0 million sublimit for swingline loans and a $40.0 million sublimit for letters of credit (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), and (iii) uncommitted incremental accordion facilities in an aggregate amount at any date equal to the greater of $167.5 million or 100% of our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the then-preceding four fiscal quarters, plus additional amounts based on, among other things, satisfaction of certain financial ratio requirements. As of December 31, 2021, outstanding debt under the Credit Agreement was $380.5 million, and availability under the revolving credit facility totaled $99.5 million as calculated under the most restrictive covenant.
Upon execution of the Credit Agreement, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $18.2 million, which related to the write-off of certain unamortized original issue discount and deferred loan costs associated with the Prior Credit Agreement. Additionally, we incurred third-party costs of $0.8 million related to the execution of the Credit Agreement and the transactions that are the subject thereof, which were recorded as loss on modification of debt.
We used the proceeds of the Term Loan B and cash on hand to repay all of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Credit Agreement, and to pay transaction costs and expenses. Proceeds of the Revolving Credit Facility also may be used for general corporate purposes of the Company and its subsidiaries.
We are required to repay Term Loan B loans in consecutive quarterly installments, each in the amount of 0.25% of the aggregate initial amount of such loans, payable on September 30, 2021 and on the last day of each succeeding quarter thereafter until maturity on June 30, 2028, at which time the entire outstanding principal balance of such loans is due and payable in full. We are permitted to make voluntary prepayments of borrowings under the Term Loan B at any time without penalty, except for a 1% premium with respect to the principal of Term Loan B loans prepaid within six months after the date of the Credit Agreement using proceeds from certain specified repricing transactions. In October 2021, we made voluntary prepayments of $5.0 million on the Term Loan B, which prepaid all scheduled quarterly installments due through December 31, 2022.
We are required to repay in full any outstanding swingline loans and revolving loans, and to terminate or cash collateralize any outstanding letters of credit, under the Revolving Credit Facility on June 30, 2026. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains provisions that, beginning with fiscal year 2022, may require annual excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement and generally designed to equal cash generated by our business in excess of cash used in the business) to be applied towards the prepayment of the Term Loan B or the reduction of the Revolving Credit Facility, as determined by the Company in our discretion (“Excess Cash Flow Payment”). An Excess Cash Flow Payment is only required in the amount, if any, by which the Excess Cash Flow Amount exceeds $10.0 million for the applicable fiscal year. “Excess Cash Flow Amount” is equal to our excess cash flow for a given fiscal year multiplied by the following excess cash flow percentages based on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) on the last day of such fiscal year: (a) 50% if the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio is greater than 3.25:1, (b) 25% if the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25:1 but greater than 2.75:1, and (c) 0% if the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 2.75:1. Any potential mandatory Excess Cash Flow Payments are reduced by among other things, prepayments of the Term Loan B, any reductions of the Revolving Credit Facility, and prepayments of certain other indebtedness made during the applicable fiscal year. We were not required to make an Excess Cash Flow Payment for fiscal 2021.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates based on a margin or spread in excess of either (1) one-month, three-month or six-month LIBOR (or, if available to all lenders holding the particular class of loans, 12-month LIBOR), which may not be less than 0.00%, or (2) the greatest of (a) the prime lending rate of the agent bank for the particular facility, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and (c) one-month LIBOR plus 1.00% (the “Base Rate”), as selected by the Company. The Base Rate may not be less than 1.00%. The LIBOR margin for Term Loan B loans is 4.25%, and the LIBOR margin for revolving loans varies between 4.25% and 3.75% depending on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Base Rate margin for Term Loan B loans is 3.25%, and the Base Rate margin for revolving loans varies between 3.25% and 2.75%, depending on our First Lien Net Leverage Ratio.
Based on the Company’s elections, borrowings under the Prior Credit Agreement bore interest at variable rates based on a margin or spread in excess of one-month LIBOR, which could not be less than zero. The LIBOR margin for Term Loan A loans was 4.25%, the LIBOR margin for Term Loan B loans was 5.25%, and the LIBOR margin for revolving loans varied between 3.75% and 4.25%, depending on our total Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement.
In May 2019, we entered into eight amortizing interest rate swap agreements, each of which matures in May 2024. Under these interest rate swap agreements, we receive a variable rate of interest based on LIBOR, and we pay a fixed rate of interest equal to approximately 2.2%. As further explained in Note 14, during the fourth quarter of 2020 we concluded that five of the eight interest rate swaps no longer qualified for hedge accounting treatment, and we de-designated these derivatives. As of December 31, 2021, the eight interest rate swap agreements had current notional amounts totaling $600.0 million, of which $333.3 million related to effective hedges.
The following table shows the effective interest rates related to continuing operations for Term Loan A and Term Loan B (exclusive of payments related to de-designated interest rate swaps, which we do not classify as interest expense) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
For the Year Ended December 31,
Effective interest rate per annum
Term Loan A under the Prior Credit Agreement
6.58
%
6.64
%
Term Loan B under the Prior Credit Agreement
7.22
%
7.08
%
Term Loan B under the Credit Agreement
6.52
%
-
The Credit Agreement also provides for annual commitment fees ranging between 0.250% and 0.375% of the unused commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility, depending on our Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), and annual letter of credit fees on the daily maximum amount available under outstanding letters of credit at the LIBOR margin for the Revolving Credit Facility. The Prior Credit Agreement provided for annual commitment fees ranging between 0.250% and 0.500% of the unused commitments under the prior revolving credit facility, depending on our total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement), and annual letter of credit fees on the daily outstanding availability under outstanding letters of credit at the applicable LIBOR margin for the prior revolving credit facility, depending on our total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement). We incurred total such commitment fees of $0.4 million, $0.5 million, and $0.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement are secured by guarantees from substantially all of the Company’s active material domestic subsidiaries and by security interests in substantially all of the Company’s and such subsidiaries’ assets, subject to certain specified exceptions.
With respect to the Revolving Credit Facility, the Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant that requires us to comply with a specified maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio if utilization of the Revolving Credit Facility exceeds a specified level as of the last day of any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters. The Credit Agreement also contains various other affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type that, subject to certain exceptions, impose restrictions and limitations on the Company and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries with respect to, among other things, liens; indebtedness; changes in the nature of business; mergers and other fundamental changes; sales and other dispositions of assets (including equity interests in subsidiaries); loans, advances, guarantees, acquisitions and other investments; restricted payments (including dividends, distributions, buybacks, redemptions and repurchases with respect to equity interests); change in fiscal year; prepayments, redemptions or acquisitions for value with respect to junior lien, subordinated or unsecured debt; changes in organizational documents and junior debt agreements; negative pledges; restrictions on subsidiary distributions; transfers of material assets to subsidiaries that are not guarantors; and transactions with affiliates.
Based on our current assumptions with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, including, among other things, the outstanding principal on the term loan under our Credit Agreement and the anticipated average monthly total participation levels of our members at our fitness partner locations, we currently believe we will be in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement over the next 12 months.
The following table summarizes the minimum annual principal payments and repayments of the revolving advances under the Credit Agreement for each of the next five years and thereafter:
(In thousands)
Year ending December 31,
-
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
2027 and thereafter
378,000
Total
$
394,000
11.
Commitments and Contingencies
Weiner Lawsuit
On November 6, 2017, United Healthcare issued a press release announcing expansion of its fitness benefits (“United Press Release”), and the market price of the Company's shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) dropped on that same day.
On November 20, 2017, Eric Weiner, claiming to be a stockholder of the Company, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (“Weiner Lawsuit”). The Weiner Lawsuit names as defendants the Company, the Company's former chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and a former executive who served as both chief accounting officer and interim chief financial officer. The complaint alleges that the defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated under the Exchange Act in making false and misleading statements and omissions related to the United Press Release. On April 3, 2018, the Court appointed the Oklahoma Firefighters Pension and Retirement System as lead plaintiff, and on January 29, 2020, the Court entered an order certifying the class of stockholders who purchased Company Common Stock between March 6, 2017 and November 6, 2017. On April 23, 2021, the parties reached a settlement in principle of the Weiner Lawsuit pursuant to which defendants’ insurers will pay the entire settlement amount in exchange for a release of claims. On June 10, 2021, the parties filed a joint stipulation and agreement of settlement with the Court, and plaintiffs filed a motion for preliminary approval of the settlement. On June 15, 2021, the Court issued an order preliminarily approving the settlement, and following a settlement approval hearing held on October 4, 2021, the Court entered a final judgment approving the proposed settlement on October 7, 2021.
Shareholder Lawsuits: Strougo, Cobb, and Delaware Lawsuits
On February 25, 2020, Robert Strougo, claiming to be a stockholder of the Company, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (the "Strougo Lawsuit"). On August 18, 2020, the Court appointed Sheet Metal Workers Local No. 33, Cleveland District, Pension Fund as lead plaintiff. Plaintiff filed its amended complaint on November 13, 2020. The amended complaint is on behalf of a putative class of stockholders who purchased Company Common Stock between March 8, 2019 and February 19, 2020 and names as defendants the Company, the Company's chief financial officer, former chief executive officer, and former president and chief operating officer. The amended complaint alleges that the defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated under the Exchange Act in making false and misleading statements and omissions related to the performance of and accounting for the Nutrisystem business that the Company acquired on March 8, 2019. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on December 4, 2020. On July 29, 2021, the Court issued an order denying the defendants’ motion to dismiss. On October 26, 2021, Plaintiff filed a motion for class certification, which Defendants have opposed. The parties are currently engaged in discovery, and a trial date has been set for September 12, 2023.
On April 9, 2020, John Cobb, claiming to be a stockholder of the Company, filed a derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee naming the Company as a nominal defendant and certain current and former directors and officers as defendants (the “Cobb Lawsuit”). The complaint asserts claims for breach of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and waste of corporate assets, largely tracking the factual allegations in the Strougo Lawsuit. The plaintiff seeks monetary damages on behalf of the Company, restitution, and certain corporate governance and internal procedural reforms. On June 9, 2020, the United States Magistrate Judge approved the parties’ stipulation to stay the case pending the resolution of defendants’ motion to dismiss in the Strougo Lawsuit. On August 23, 2021, the parties submitted another joint stipulation proposing to further extend the stay.
In July 2020, three putative derivative complaints were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware by the following individuals claiming to be stockholders of the Company: Patrick Yerby, Thomas R. Conte, Melvyn Klein, and Mark Ridendour (the “Delaware Derivative Lawsuits”). The complaints largely track the allegations, named defendants, asserted claims, and requested relief of the Cobb Lawsuit. The three Delaware Derivative Lawsuits have been consolidated. On August 24, 2021, the court entered an order staying the case.
Given the uncertainty of litigation and the preliminary stage of the Strougo Lawsuit, Cobb Lawsuit, and Delaware Derivative Lawsuits, we are not currently able to predict the probable outcome of the matter or to reasonably estimate a range of potential loss, if any. We intend to vigorously defend ourselves against these lawsuits.
Trademark Lawsuit: Pacific Packaging Lawsuit
On May 31, 2019, Pacific Packaging Concepts, Inc. (“Pacific Packaging”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, Western Division, naming as defendants two former subsidiaries of the Company; Nutrisystem, Inc. and Nutri/System IPHC, Inc (“Pacific Packaging Lawsuit”). In its complaint, Pacific Packaging alleged that the defendants’ use of Pacific Packaging’s federally registered trademark, Fresh Start, in advertisements for its weight management program and shakes constitutes federal trademark infringement, counterfeit trademark infringement, false designation of origin, federal trademark dilution, unfair competition, false advertising, common law unfair competition, and common law trademark infringement. The complaint seeks injunctive relief and monetary damages in an unspecified amount. On August 29, 2019, the defendants filed their Answer to Complaint. On July 23, 2021, the Court granted the defendant’s motion for summary judgment dismissing certain of plaintiff’s damages claims, namely any claim for royalty damages and claims related to profits based on reverse confusion. The case was set for trial on March 1, 2022. In connection with the sale of Nutrisystem, the Company agreed to indemnify Kainos for losses arising out of this matter and retained the right to control the defense thereof. On January 11, 2022, the parties reached a settlement in principle of the Pacific Packaging Lawsuit pursuant to which defendants’ insurers will pay the entire settlement amount except for the amount of $25,000 representing the deductible on the policy, which will be paid by the Company pursuant to its indemnification agreement with Kainos. The settlement is subject to the negotiation and execution of a definitive written settlement agreement.
Other
Additionally, from time to time, we are subject to contractual disputes, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Some of the legal proceedings pending against us as of the date of this report are expected to be covered by insurance policies. As these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, our view of these matters may change in the future. We expense legal costs as incurred.
12.
Investment in Equity Securities
At December 31, 2020 and during the first two quarters of 2021, we owned 159,309 shares of common stock of a predecessor (“Legacy Sharecare”) of Sharecare, Inc. (“Sharecare”) that we acquired in connection with the sale of our total population health services business to Legacy Sharecare in July 2016. These shares did not have a readily determinable fair value through June 30, 2021. As permitted under ASC 321, “Investments - Equity Securities” (“ASC 321”), we elected to measure such shares at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer (of which there were none). The carrying value of the shares at December 31, 2020 of $10.8 million was
reported in “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheet in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Form 10-K”) but has been reclassified in this report to a new line item, “Investment in equity securities, long-term.”
On February 12, 2021, Legacy Sharecare announced that it had entered into a merger agreement with Falcon Capital Acquisition Corp. (“FCAC”) and FCAC Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”) pursuant to which Legacy Sharecare would merge with and into Merger Sub with Sharecare surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of FCAC (the “Sharecare Transaction”). The Sharecare Transaction was consummated effective July 1, 2021. As a result, our shares of common stock of Legacy Sharecare were converted into shares of common stock of Sharecare (“Sharecare Common Stock”), with 2.4% of such shares being converted into and paid to us in cash. Consequently, in July 2021, we received $2.7 million in cash as well as 11,079,331 shares of Sharecare Common Stock (“Sharecare Equity Security”). Our cost basis in the Sharecare Equity Security is $10.5 million or $0.95 average cost per share. Sharecare Common Stock began trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on July 2, 2021 under the trading symbol “SHCR”.
The Sharecare Equity Security is subject to restrictions on resale, including a customary lockup period. The lockup period continues until the earlier of one year after the effective time of the Sharecare Transaction or such other time at which the Sharecare Common Stock trades at a certain minimum price for 20 trading days in any 30-day trading period beginning on or after November 28, 2021. In addition, between December 28, 2021 and March 27, 2022 (the “First Sale Window”), we are permitted to sell up to 750,000 shares. Between March 28, 2022 and July 1, 2022, we may sell up to 750,000 shares plus any portion of the 750,000 shares we were permitted to, but did not, sell during the First Sale Window.
Subsequent to the consummation of the Sharecare Transaction in July 2021, the fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security became readily determinable. Accordingly, beginning in July 2021, we carry the Sharecare Equity Security on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value, and we recognize any changes in fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security in net income as unrealized gains or losses, as required under ASC 321. At December 31, 2021, the Sharecare Equity Security is reported as a current asset on our consolidated balance sheet in “Investment in equity securities”. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a realized gain of $2.5 million based on the $2.7 million cash proceeds received from the Sharecare Transaction, and we recorded an unrealized gain of $39.2 million based on the change in fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security. The realized and unrealized gain were each recorded to other (income) expense, net (see Note 17).
During 2021, based on the positive evidence provided by the capital gains realized in the current year and anticipated to be realized from a future disposal of the Sharecare Equity Security that would allow a portion of these capital loss carryforwards to reduce taxable income, we reversed $10.6 million of a valuation allowance of deferred tax assets related to capital loss carryforwards. Such reversal resulted in an income tax benefit that fully offset the income tax expense that would have otherwise resulted from the combined realized and unrealized gains of $41.7 million. Therefore, there was no net income tax expense associated with the realized and unrealized gains related to the Sharecare Equity Security during the year ended December 31, 2021. The capital loss carryforwards expire on December 31, 2025, if unused. We currently expect to dispose of the Sharecare Equity Security prior to the expiration of the capital loss carryforwards.
13.
Fair Value Measurements
We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, assuming the transaction occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability.
Fair Value Hierarchy
The hierarchy below lists three levels of fair value based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. We categorize each of our fair value measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:
Level 1:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2:
Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-based valuation techniques in which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
Level 3:
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and typically reflect management's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
We measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the fourth quarter of each year, including the following:
•
reporting units measured at fair value as part of a goodwill impairment test; and
•
indefinite-lived intangible assets measured at fair value for impairment assessment.
Each of these assets above is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of a reporting unit is the price that would be received upon a sale of the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Following the sale of Nutrisystem effective December 9, 2020, we have a single reporting unit.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had and is having an adverse impact on the overall economy, resulting in rapidly changing market and economic conditions that have impacted the Company. In March 2020, we experienced a significant decline in our market capitalization and in our actual and forecasted operating results, in addition to the unfavorable change in market conditions. As a result, management concluded that there were triggering events during the first quarter of 2020 necessitating an impairment evaluation of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets (which consisted of the Nutrisystem tradename and the SilverSneakers tradename). Following these evaluations, we recorded a total impairment loss of $199.5 million related to the Nutrisystem goodwill and tradename during the first quarter of 2020, which amount is reflected in loss from discontinued operations. We determined there was no impairment related to the SilverSneakers tradename or the carrying value of goodwill related to continuing operations. During the third and fourth quarters of 2020, we recorded additional impairment losses of $66.2 million and $24.0 million, respectively, related to the Nutrition business, each of which is reflected in loss from discontinued operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we reviewed goodwill for impairment related to our single reporting unit. We estimated the fair value of the reporting unit based on our market capitalization and compared such fair value to the carrying value of the reporting unit. Because the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount, we determined that the carrying value of goodwill was not impaired. Also during the fourth quarter of 2021, we estimated the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible asset, the SilverSneakers tradename, using the relief-from-royalty method, which required significant assumptions such as the long-term growth rate of future revenues, the royalty rate for such revenue, and a discount rate. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the estimate of fair value for the tradename. We determined that the carrying value of the tradename was not impaired based upon the impairment review.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types
Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types
(In thousands)
Level 1
Level 2
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Total
Assets:
Investment in equity securities (1)
$
49,746
$
-
$
49,746
$
-
$
-
$
-
Total assets
$
49,746
$
-
$
49,746
$
-
$
-
$
-
Liabilities:
Derivatives designated as effective hedging instruments
Interest rate swap agreements
$
-
$
8,705
$
8,705
$
-
$
20,377
$
20,377
Non-designated derivatives
Interest rate swap agreements
$
-
$
6,938
$
6,938
$
-
$
16,260
$
16,260
Total liabilities
$
-
$
15,643
$
15,643
$
-
$
36,637
$
36,637
(1)
Reflects ownership of Sharecare Common Stock, as described in Note 12. At December 31, 2021, we held 11,079,331 shares of Sharecare Common Stock.
The fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security is determined based on the closing price of Sharecare’s common stock on the last trading day of the reporting period.
The fair values of interest rate swap agreements are primarily determined based on the present value of future cash flows using third-party pricing services with observable inputs, including interest rates, yield curves and applicable credit spreads.
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
The estimated fair value of each class of financial instruments at December 31, 2021 was as follows:
Cash and cash equivalents - The carrying amount of $60.1 million approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments (less than three months).
Debt - The estimated fair value of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement, which includes a term loan facility and a revolving credit facility (see Note 10), are determined based on the fair value hierarchy as discussed above.
The Term Loan B is actively traded and therefore is classified as a Level 1 valuation. The estimated fair value is based on an average of quotes as of December 31, 2021 from dealers who stand ready and willing to transact at those prices. We use a mid-market pricing convention (i.e., the mid-point of average bid and ask prices). The Revolving Credit Facility is not actively traded and therefore is classified as a Level 2 valuation based on the market for similar instruments. The fair value of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan B at December 31, 2021 was estimated to equal the carrying value (excluding original issue discount and deferred loan costs) of $394.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2021.
14.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We use derivative instruments to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of our known or expected cash payments related to our outstanding debt (i.e., interest rate risk). Some of these derivatives are designated and qualify as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows and are therefore
considered cash flow hedges. We account for derivatives in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, which establishes accounting and reporting standards requiring that derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value as either an asset or liability. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Changes in the derivative’s fair value will be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. We classify cash flows from settlement of our effective cash flow hedges in the same category as the cash flows from the related hedged items, generally within the operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. We classify cash flows from settlement of our non-designated derivatives within the investing section of the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk and Non-Designated Derivatives
Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, we primarily use interest rate swaps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. The counterparties to the interest rate swap agreements expose us to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by such counterparties. However, at December 31, 2021, we do not anticipate nonperformance by these counterparties. Our interest rate swap agreements with each of the counterparties contain a provision whereby if we either default or are capable of being declared in default on any of our indebtedness, whether or not such default results in repayment of the indebtedness being accelerated by the lender, then we could also be declared in default on our derivative obligations.
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for our making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges must be de-designated as hedges when it is probable the forecasted hedged transaction will not occur in the initially identified time period or within a subsequent two-month time period. Deferred gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss ("accumulated OCI") associated with such derivative instruments are reclassified into earnings in the period of de-designation.
In May 2019, we entered into eight amortizing interest rate swap agreements, each of which matures in May 2024. Under these agreements, we receive a variable rate of interest based on LIBOR, and we pay a fixed rate of interest equal to approximately 2.2%. Upon entering into the Purchase Agreement with Kainos on October 18, 2020, we determined that some of our hedged transactions would not materially occur in the initially identified time period since we expected to use the majority of the net proceeds from the sale to pay down a significant portion of outstanding debt. As a result, we concluded that five of our eight interest rate swaps no longer qualified for hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, in the fourth quarter of 2020 we de-designated these five derivatives (“de-designated swaps”) and accelerated the reclassification of deferred gains and losses in accumulated OCI to income (loss) from discontinued operations as a result of the hedged forecasted transactions becoming probable not to occur. Upon de-designation in the fourth quarter of 2020, we recognized a pre-tax loss of $14.3 million in income (loss) from discontinued operations.
Additionally, upon de-designation in October 2020, we froze $3.2 million of previously deferred losses in accumulated OCI related to forecasted payments that are probable of occurring. We reclassify such deferred losses from accumulated OCI into earnings as an adjustment to interest expense during periods in which the forecasted transactions impact earnings, consistent with hedge accounting treatment. In the event that the related forecasted payments are probable of not occurring, the related loss in accumulated OCI will be recognized in earnings immediately.
We continue to maintain the effective hedging relationship between three interest rate swap agreements and the portion of our forecasted payments that is expected to remain highly probable of occurring. Our entering into the Credit Agreement on June 30, 2021 had no effect on the hedging designation of our interest rate swaps as the hedges are not tied to a specific debt instrument and the economic characteristics of the Credit Agreement are similar to those of the Prior Credit Agreement.
During the fourth quarter of 2020 we evaluated the likelihood and extent of potential future losses from the de-designated swaps. Such potential future losses are capped since the variable interest rate of our swaps is subject to a floor of 0%. Based on the LIBOR rates in effect at the time of de-designation, we decided to hold the de-designated
swaps as derivative instruments requiring mark-to-market accounting treatment, with any change in fair value recognized each period in current earnings.
At December 31, 2021, our interest rate swap agreements designated as effective cash flow hedges had current notional amounts totaling $333.3 million, and our de-designated interest rate swap agreements had current notional amounts totaling $266.7 million.
We record all derivatives at estimated fair value in the consolidated balance sheet. Gains and losses on derivatives designated as effective cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated OCI and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated OCI related to cash flow hedge derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as we make interest payments on our variable-rate debt. As of December 31, 2021, we expect to reclassify $6.6 million, pre-tax, from accumulated OCI as an increase to interest expense within the next 12 months due to the scheduled payment of interest associated with our debt. Gains and losses on derivatives de-designated as effective cash flow hedges are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as other (income) expense, net.
The estimated gross fair values of derivative instruments and their classification on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
(In thousands)
December 31,
December 31,
Liabilities:
Derivatives designated as effective hedging
instruments:
Current portion of long-term liabilities
$
5,911
$
8,205
Other long-term liabilities
2,794
12,172
$
8,705
$
20,377
Non-designated derivatives:
Current portion of long-term liabilities
$
4,714
$
6,548
Other long-term liabilities
2,224
9,712
$
6,938
$
16,260
The following table presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated OCI as of December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
(In thousands)
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2021
December 31,
December 31,
Derivatives designated as effective hedging instruments:
(Gain) loss related to effective portion of derivatives
recognized in accumulated OCI, gross of tax effect
(3,284
)
33,247
16,930
Loss related to effective portion of derivatives reclassified
from accumulated OCI to interest expense, gross of tax
effect
(8,388
)
(11,556
)
(692
)
Non-designated derivatives:
Loss related to de-designation of ineffective portion of
derivatives, gross of tax effect
-
(14,336
)
-
Previously deferred loss reclassified from accumulated
OCI to interest expense, gross of tax effect
(600
)
(239
)
-
Total other comprehensive (income) loss, gross of tax
(12,272
)
7,116
16,238
The following table presents the impact that non-designated derivatives had on our consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands)
Statement of
Operations
Classification
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Loss related to de-designation of
ineffective portion of
derivatives, gross of tax effect
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax
$
-
$
14,336
Net (gain) loss related to
ineffective portion of
derivatives, gross of tax effect
Other (income) expense, net
(2,627
)
(1)
Previously deferred loss related
to de-designated swaps
reclassified from accumulated
OCI, gross of tax effect
Interest expense
$
(2,027
)
$
14,801
(1)
This amount was reported in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our consolidated statement of operations in our 2020 Form 10-K. We have reclassified it in this report to a new line item, “Other (income) expense, net”, to conform to current classifications.
15.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
(In thousands except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations attributable to Tivity
Health, Inc. - numerator for earnings (loss) per share
$
107,376
$
56,869
$
45,217
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to
Tivity Health, Inc. - numerator for earnings (loss) per share
(2,462
)
(280,500
)
(332,038
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Tivity Health, Inc. - numerator for
earnings (loss) per share
$
104,914
$
(223,631
)
$
(286,821
)
Denominator:
Shares used for basic income (loss) per share
49,573
48,746
46,509
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units
outstanding:
Non-qualified stock options
Restricted stock units
Performance-based stock units
Market stock units
-
Shares used for diluted income (loss) per share
50,424
49,217
47,103
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Tivity Health, Inc. - basic:
Continuing operations
$
2.17
$
1.17
$
0.97
Discontinued operations
$
(0.05
)
$
(5.75
)
$
(7.14
)
Net income (loss) (1)
$
2.12
$
(4.59
)
$
(6.17
)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Tivity Health, Inc. -
diluted:
Continuing operations
$
2.13
$
1.16
$
0.96
Discontinued operations
$
(0.05
)
$
(5.70
)
$
(7.05
)
Net income (loss)
$
2.08
$
(4.54
)
$
(6.09
)
Dilutive securities outstanding not included in the computation of
earnings (loss) per share because their effect is anti-dilutive:
Non-qualified stock options
Restricted stock units
Performance-based stock units
-
-
Restricted stock awards
-
(1)
Figures may not add due to rounding.
Market stock units and performance-based stock units outstanding are considered contingently issuable shares, and certain of these stock units were excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share for all periods presented because the performance criteria had not been met as of the end of the applicable reporting period.
16.
Accumulated OCI
The following tables summarize the changes in accumulated OCI, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021.
(In thousands)
Interest
Rate Swaps
Accumulated OCI, net of tax, as of January 1, 2020
$
(12,091
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax of
$8,491
(24,756
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI, net of tax of $6,674
19,458
Accumulated OCI, net of tax, as of December 31, 2020
$
(17,389
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax of
$838
2,446
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI, net of tax of $2,296
6,692
Accumulated OCI, net of tax, as of December 31, 2021
$
(8,251
)
The following table presents details about reclassifications out of accumulated OCI for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
(In thousands)
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
Statement of
Operations
Classification
Interest rate swaps
$
8,988
$
11,795
Interest expense
(2,296
)
(3,012
)
Income tax
-
10,675
Income from discontinued
operations, net of income tax
Total amounts reclassified from
accumulated OCI
$
6,692
$
19,458
Net of tax
17. Other (Income) Expense, Net
The following table shows the detail of Other (income) expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
(In thousands)
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
Unrealized gain on investment in equity securities (Note 12)
$
(39,232
)
$
-
Realized gain on investment in equity securities (Note 12)
(2,469
)
-
Unrealized (gain) loss related to ineffective portion of derivatives
(Note 14)
(2,627
)
Other (income) expense, net
$
(44,328
)
$
18.
Segment Disclosures and Concentrations of Risk
Following the sale of Nutrisystem in December 2020, the results of which have been classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented, we have one operating and reportable segment. Therefore, all required segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements. Our determination that we operate as a single segment is consistent with the financial information regularly viewed by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of evaluating performance, allocating resources, setting incentive compensation targets, and planning and forecasting for future periods.
Geographic Information
Long-lived assets and revenue from external customers attributable to our operations in the United States accounted for 100% of our consolidated long-lived assets and revenues as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Major Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk
During 2021 and 2020, our top three customers together accounted for 40% and 39%, respectively, of our revenues from continuing operations. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk primarily include cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments, and accounts receivable. Our cash and cash equivalents are placed with, and our derivative instruments are transacted with, major financial institutions. At December 31, 2021, we had two customers that each accounted for 10% or more of our accounts receivable, net and individually comprised approximately 22% and 35% of our consolidated accounts receivable, net at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2020, we had two customers that each accounted for 10% or more of our accounts receivable, net and individually comprised approximately 26% and 33% of our consolidated accounts receivable, net at December 31, 2020.
19.
Subsequent Event
As discussed in Note 11, on January 11, 2022, we reached a settlement in principle of the Pacific Packaging Lawsuit pursuant to which our insurers will pay the entire settlement amount except for the amount of $25,000 (twenty-five thousand dollars) representing the deductible on the policy, which will be paid by the Company. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2021, we have recorded a current liability (in “Accrued liabilities”) equal to the entire settlement amount and a current asset (in “Other current assets”) equal to the settlement amount less $25,000.
20.
Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)
The following tables contain selected unaudited statements of operations for each quarter of 2021 and 2020. As further discussed in Note 1, our results from continuing operations do not include the results of Nutrisystem, which we sold effective December 9, 2020.
(In thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2021
First
Second
Third
Fourth (1)
Revenues
$
108,085
$
120,071
$
126,289
$
126,808
Gross margin
48,269
48,837
49,178
46,056
Income (loss) before income taxes
27,564
8,958
112,624
(15,424
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
19,944
8,771
103,699
(25,038
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations,
net of income tax
(808
)
(414
)
(932
)
(308
)
Net income (loss)
19,136
8,357
102,767
(25,346
)
Earnings (loss) per share - basic:
Continuing operations (2)
$
0.41
$
0.18
$
2.09
$
(0.50
)
Discontinued operations (2)
$
(0.02
)
$
(0.01
)
$
(0.02
)
$
(0.01
)
Net income (2)(3)
$
0.39
$
0.17
$
2.07
$
(0.51
)
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted:
Continuing operations (2)
$
0.40
$
0.17
$
2.06
$
(0.50
)
Discontinued operations (2)
$
(0.02
)
$
(0.01
)
$
(0.02
)
$
(0.01
)
Net income (2)(3)
$
0.38
$
0.17
$
2.04
$
(0.50
)
(In thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2020
First
Second
Third
Fourth (4)
Revenues
$
159,692
$
81,923
$
95,481
$
100,617
Gross margin
42,713
45,879
45,382
44,168
Income before income taxes
11,411
23,959
23,236
15,793
Income from continuing operations
8,275
17,202
16,750
14,642
Income (loss) from discontinued operations,
net of income tax
(206,381
)
11,309
(59,168
)
(26,260
)
Net income (loss)
(198,106
)
28,511
(42,418
)
(11,618
)
Earnings (loss) per share - basic:
Continuing operations (2)
$
0.17
$
0.35
$
0.34
$
0.30
Discontinued operations (2)
$
(4.25
)
$
0.23
$
(1.21
)
$
(0.54
)
Net income (loss) (2)(3)
$
(4.08
)
$
0.59
$
(0.87
)
$
(0.24
)
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted:
Continuing operations (2)
$
0.17
$
0.35
$
0.34
$
0.29
Discontinued operations (2)
$
(4.22
)
$
0.23
$
(1.20
)
$
(0.53
)
Net income (loss) (2)(3)
$
(4.05
)
$
0.58
$
(0.86
)
$
(0.23
)
(1)
Loss from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of 2021 includes an unrealized loss of $41.4 million related to the change in fair value of the Sharecare Equity Security and an unrealized gain of $1.9 million related to the de-designated swaps, each of which was recorded to other (income) expense, net. The income tax benefit that would have otherwise resulted from the unrealized loss of $41.4 million was fully offset by income tax expense due to an increase in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to capital loss carryforwards; therefore, there was no net income tax benefit associated with this loss. In addition, loss from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of 2021 includes a total of $0.5 million related to CEO transition costs, acquisition and integration costs, and project costs, which was primarily recorded to selling, general, and administrative expenses. Finally, the impact of potentially dilutive securities for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was not considered because the impact would be anti-dilutive.
(2)
We calculated earnings per share for each of the quarters based on the weighted average number of shares and dilutive securities outstanding for each period. Accordingly, the sum of the quarters may not necessarily be equal to the full year income per share.
(3)
Figures may not add due to rounding.
(4)
Income from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of 2020 includes strategic project costs, CEO transition costs, and acquisition and integration costs of $2.3 million, $1.0 million, and $0.6 million, respectively, each of which were primarily recorded to selling, general, and administrative expenses.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2021. Based on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of December 31, 2021. They are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the
Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
Management has performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "COSO framework"), and believes that the COSO framework is a suitable framework for such an evaluation. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company's consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, has audited the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information concerning our directors, director nomination procedures, audit committee, audit committee financial experts, code of ethics, and compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act will be included under the headings "Election of Directors," "Code of Conduct," "Corporate Governance," and "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" in our Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days following the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (“2022 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference.
Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, information concerning our executive officers is included in Part I of this report, under the caption "Information about our Executive Officers."

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required by this item will be included under the headings "Executive Compensation" and "Director Compensation" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information required by this item will be included under the heading "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2021, certain information concerning the Company's equity compensation plans under which equity securities of the Company are currently authorized for issuance.
Plan Category
Number of Shares
to be Issued Upon
Exercise of Outstanding
Options, Warrants
and Rights,
in thousands (1)
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and
Rights (2)
Number of Shares
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation Plans
(Excluding Shares Reflected
in First Column),
in thousands
Equity compensation plans approved by
stockholders
1,224
$
21.75
1,086
Equity compensation plans not approved
by stockholders
-
-
-
Total
1,224
$
21.75
1,086
(1)
Represents 493,000 stock options, 581,000 restricted stock units, and 150,000 market stock units outstanding under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan.
(2)
The weighted average exercise price does not take into account the shares issuable upon vesting of outstanding unvested restricted stock units and market stock units, which have no exercise price. The weighted average remaining contractual term of the outstanding stock options is 5.4 years.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information required by this item will be included under the heading "Corporate Governance" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Information required by this item will be included under the heading "Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
1.
The financial statements filed as part of this report are included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
2.
We have omitted all Financial Statement Schedules because they are not required under the instructions to the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC or the information to be set forth therein is included in the financial statements or in the notes thereto.
3.
Exhibits
2.1
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated July 27, 2016 by and among Sharecare, Inc., Healthways SC, LLC and Healthways, Inc. [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 2, 2016, File No. 000-19364]
2.2
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 9, 2018, by and among the Company, Nutrisystem, Inc. and Sweet Acquisition, Inc. [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 10, 2018, File No. 000-19364]
2.3
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2020, by and among Tivity Health, Inc., Kainos NS Holdings LP, and KNS Acquisition Corp. [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 19, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company's fiscal quarter ended February 29, 2008, File No. 000-19364]
3.2
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, dated as of October 10, 2013 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company's fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2013, File No. 000-19364]
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, dated as of January 4, 2017 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 10, 2017, File No. 000-19364]
3.4
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Form 10-K of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, File No. 000-19364]
3.5
Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 25, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
3.6
Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 20, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
4.1
Article IV of the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation (included in Exhibit 3.1)
4.2
Description of Securities [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 10-K of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, File No. 000-19364]
10.1
Office Lease dated as of May 4, 2006 between the Company and Highwoods/Tennessee Holdings, L.P. [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 5, 2006, File No. 000-19364]
10.2
Credit Agreement, dated June 30, 2021, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors, the lenders party thereto, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as general administrative agent, term loan facility administrative agent and collateral agent, and Truist Bank, as revolving facility agent and swingline lender [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 30, 2021, File No. 000-19364]
Management Contracts and Compensatory Plans
10.3
2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 dated June 25, 2014, Registration No. 333-197025]
10.4
Tivity Health, Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 dated May 19, 2015, Registration No. 333-204313]
10.5
Tivity Health, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company's Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed April 12, 2019, File No. 000-19364]
10.6
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for Executive Officers) under the Company's 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q of the Company's fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2014, File No. 000-19364]
10.7
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (for Directors) under the Company's 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Form 10-Q of the Company's fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2014, File No. 000-19364]
10.8
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (for Executive Officers) under the Company's 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018, File No. 000-19364]
10.9
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for Directors) under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018, File No. 000-19364]
10.10
Form of 2019 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q of the Company's fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019, File No. 000-19364]
10.11
Form of Director Indemnification Agreement [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 2, 2016, File No. 000-19364]
10.12
Employment Agreement, dated May 22, 2017, between Tivity Health, Inc. and Adam C. Holland [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 25, 2017, File No. 000-19364]
10.13
Offer of Employment Letter between the Company and Ryan Wagers dated as of September 14, 2018 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018, File No. 000-19364]
10.14
Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Richard M. Ashworth, dated May 20, 2020 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
10.15
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Richard M. Ashworth (Inducement Award), dated June 1, 2020 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
10.16
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Richard M. Ashworth, dated June 1, 2020 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
10.17
Form of Market Stock Unit Award Agreement for Richard M. Ashworth, dated June 1, 2020 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
10.18
Offer of Employment Letter between the Company and Thomas Lewis dated as of October 4, 2018 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, File No. 000-19364]
10.19
Amendment No. 1 to Offer of Employment Letter between the Company and Thomas Lewis dated as of April 1, 2019 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, File No. 000-19364]
10.20
Amendment No. 2 to Offer of Employment Letter between the Company and Thomas Lewis dated as of October 30, 2020 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, File No. 000-19364]
10.21
Amended and Restated Offer of Employment Letter between the Company and Raymond Bilbao dated as of October 30, 2020 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, File No. 000-19364]
10.22
Change of Control Agreement between the Company and Raymond Bilbao dated as of July 3, 2018 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q of the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, File No. 000-19364]
10.23
Tivity Health, Inc. Director Deferred Compensation Program, dated December 14, 2020 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to Form 10-K of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
10.24
Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award Agreement (for Directors) under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to Form 10-K of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, File No. 000-19364]
10.25
Separation Benefits Program for Section 16 Officers, dated September 22, 2021 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 27, 2021, File No. 000-19364]
10.26
Special Incentive Bonus Award Agreement by and between Tivity Health, Inc. and Richard Ashworth, dated February 11, 2022 [incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 11, 2022, File No. 000-19364]
10.27*
Form of 2020 Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (for Executive Officers) under the Company's Second Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan
10.28*
Form of 2021 Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (for Executive Officers) under the Company's Second Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Incentive Plan
21*
Subsidiary List
23*
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
31.1*
Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 made by Richard M. Ashworth, Chief Executive Officer
31.2*
Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 made by Adam Holland, Chief Financial Officer
32*
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 made by Richard M. Ashworth, Chief Executive Officer, and Adam Holland, Chief Financial Officer
The following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101 hereto).
(b)
Exhibits
Refer to Item 15(a)(3) above.
(c)
Not applicable
* Filed herewith