EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1689796
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1689796_10-K_2025_0001558370-25-001099.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
The Company
JBG SMITH, a Maryland real estate investment trust, owns, operates and develops mixed-use properties concentrated in amenity-rich, Metro-served submarkets in and around Washington, D.C., most notably National Landing, that we believe have long-term growth potential and appeal to residential, office and retail tenants. Through an intense focus on placemaking, JBG SMITH cultivates vibrant, highly amenitized, walkable neighborhoods throughout the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Approximately 75.0% of our holdings are in the National Landing submarket in Northern Virginia, which is anchored by four key demand drivers: Amazon's headquarters; Virginia Tech's $1 billion Innovation Campus; proximity to the Pentagon; and our placemaking initiatives and public infrastructure improvements. In addition, our third-party asset management and real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services.
Substantially all our assets are held by, and our operations are conducted through, JBG SMITH LP. As of December 31, 2024, JBG SMITH, as its sole general partner, controlled JBG SMITH LP and owned 86.0% of its OP Units, after giving effect to the conversion of certain vested LTIP Units that are convertible into OP Units. JBG SMITH is referred to herein as "we," "us," "our" or other similar terms.
As of December 31, 2024, our Operating Portfolio consisted of 38 operating assets comprising 16 multifamily assets totaling 6,781 units (6,781 units at our share), 20 commercial assets totaling 6.7 million square feet (6.3 million square feet at our share) and two wholly owned land assets for which we are the ground lessor. Additionally, we have one under-construction multifamily asset with 775 units (775 units at our share) and 19 assets in our development pipeline totaling 11.0 million square feet (8.9 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density. We present combined portfolio operating data that aggregate assets we consolidate in our consolidated financial statements and assets in which we own an interest, but do not consolidate in our financial results. For additional information regarding our assets, see Item 2 "Properties."
Certain terms used throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K are defined under "Definitions" starting on page 3.
Our Strategy
We own and operate urban mixed-use properties concentrated in amenity-rich, Metro-served submarkets in and around Washington, D.C., most notably National Landing, that we believe have long-term growth potential and appeal to residential, office and retail tenants. We have significant expertise with multifamily, office and retail assets. We believe that we are known for our creative deal-making and capital allocation skills and for our development and value creation expertise. Since the Formation Transaction, we have consistently focused our capital allocation strategy on maximizing long-term NAV per share growth, and will continue to do so. We intend to continue to opportunistically sell or recapitalize assets (which may be multifamily, commercial, and/or retail assets) as well as land sites where a ground lease or joint venture execution may represent the most attractive path to maximizing value. As long as we believe our share price does not reflect the underlying, intrinsic value of our business, as we do now, we expect to continue repurchasing shares through our share repurchase plan (which has a capacity of approximately $838 million as of February 14, 2025) and to fund such repurchases through such assets sales or recapitalizations. In a climate where office assets are near cyclical lows with limited liquidity, we intend in the near term to focus on sourcing liquidity from multifamily assets, specifically our multifamily assets in Washington, D.C. where our holdings are less concentrated. Recycling these assets will also further advance our strategy to concentrate our portfolio in National Landing.
One of our approaches to value creation uses a series of complementary disciplines through a process we call "Placemaking." Placemaking involves strategically mixing high-quality multifamily and commercial buildings with anchor, specialty and neighborhood retail in a high density, thoughtfully planned and designed public space. Through this process, we create synergies, and thus value, across those varied uses leading to unique, amenity-rich, walkable neighborhoods that are desirable and enhance tenant and investor demand. We believe our Placemaking approach will increase occupancy and rental rates in our portfolio, in particular with respect to our concentrated and extensive land and
operating asset holdings in National Landing. National Landing, situated in Northern Virginia directly across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., is the interconnected and walkable neighborhood that encompasses Crystal City, the eastern portion of Pentagon City and the northern portion of Potomac Yard. We believe National Landing is one of the region's best-located urban mixed-use communities due to its central location with proximity to the Pentagon, Amazon’s headquarters, Virginia Tech’s Innovation Campus and Reagan National Airport, and its large base of existing offices, apartments and hotels.
We continue to implement our comprehensive plan to reposition our holdings in National Landing by executing a broad array of Placemaking strategies. Our Placemaking includes the delivery of new multifamily assets, the delivery of redeveloped and new office assets subject to demand therefor, amenity retail, and thoughtful improvements to the streetscape, sidewalks, parks and other outdoor gathering spaces. In keeping with our dedication to Placemaking, each new project is intended to contribute to an authentic and distinct neighborhood by creating a vibrant street environment with robust retail offerings and other amenities, including improved public spaces. To that end, we saw the delivery of two placemaking projects, Water Park and Surreal in 2023. In 2024, we delivered The Grace and Reva with 808 multifamily units and approximately 38,000 square feet of retail space, which were 68.6% leased as of December 31, 2024. We expect to deliver 2000/2001 South Bell Street, a 775-unit multifamily asset comprising two towers, Valen and The Zoe with ground floor retail, in 2025. Additionally, in 2024, we started construction on a new office amenity hub at 2011 Crystal Drive that, along with a repositioning of the asset itself, brings a large scale externally managed meeting and conference facility, two elevated food and beverage offerings, and an activated public lobby.
We developed two new office buildings for Amazon on Metropolitan Park in National Landing, totaling 2.1 million square feet, inclusive of approximately 50,000 square feet of street-level retail with new shops and restaurants, and Amazon took occupancy of its new headquarters in 2023. We are the property manager and retail leasing agent for Amazon's headquarters at National Landing. As of December 31, 2024, we have leases with Amazon totaling approximately 357,000 square feet in two office buildings in National Landing.
In connection with Amazon's headquarters in National Landing, the Commonwealth of Virginia agreed to provide tax incentives to Amazon to create a minimum of 25,000 new full-time jobs and potentially 37,850 full-time jobs in National Landing with average annual wage targets for each calendar year, starting with $150,000 in 2019, and escalating 1.5% per year. As of April 2024, Amazon had created approximately 8,000 new full-time jobs in National Landing. We, alongside Amazon, Virginia Tech, and federal, state, and local governments plan to invest over $12.0 billion, including infrastructure investments, that will directly benefit National Landing. The infrastructure investments include: a Metro station (Potomac Yard) that opened in 2023, a new Metro entrance (Crystal Drive) currently under construction, a pedestrian bridge to Reagan National Airport; a new commuter rail station located between two of our Crystal Drive office assets; lowering of elevated sections of U.S. Route 1 that currently divide parts of National Landing to create better multimodal access and walkability; funding for the Virginia Tech Innovation Campus; and Long Bridge, the planned two-track rail connection between Washington, D.C. and National Landing. In addition to these publicly-funded efforts, we have also deployed digital infrastructure enhancements such as a densified, high-capacity fiber grid and 5G small cells as well as provisions for a small “edge” data center should there be demand for one in the future.
We believe Virginia Tech's $1 billion Innovation Campus in National Landing is a powerful demand driver sitting adjacent to 1.3 million square feet of development density we own in National Landing and the Potomac Yard Metro station, all approximately one mile south of Amazon's headquarters. The campus is part of a 20-acre innovation district, of which the first phase encompasses approximately 1.6 million square feet of space, including four office towers and two residential buildings, with ground-level retail. In January 2025, the first building opened. At this campus, Virginia Tech intends to create an innovation ecosystem by co-locating academic and private sector uses to accelerate research and development spending, as well as the commercialization of technology. Virginia Tech plans to annually enroll approximately 750 master students and 200 PhD students in STEM fields at this campus.
The following are key components of our strategy:
Capitalize on Significant Demand Catalysts in National Landing. We believe that demand will continue to materialize at the critical intersection of defense and technology. The tailwinds created by Amazon, the Virginia Tech Innovation Campus, the Pentagon and our National Landing digital infrastructure platform will contribute to substantial growth from
our Operating Portfolio and our 6.8 million square foot development pipeline in National Landing. Approximately 75.0% of our portfolio is located in National Landing where Amazon is incentivized to create a minimum of 25,000 new full-time jobs and potentially 37,850 full-time jobs, and Virginia Tech's $1 billion Innovation Campus is located. As of January 2025, Amazon required their corporate employees to work from the office five days per week which we believe will be a significant boon to National Landing demand and vibrancy.
Given National Landing’s proximity to the Pentagon, recent historic increases in the U.S. defense budget and robust foreign defense spending, we believe National Landing is positioned to capture growing demand from defense-focused tenants. In 2024, 81.9% of leases executed by us in National Landing were with the Department of Defense and defense contractors, including technology companies. Defense and national security remain a priority for the current administration and we believe that there will be an increasing focus on technology’s role in those areas.
Thoughtfully Allocate our Capital and Concentrate our Portfolio in National Landing. A fundamental component of our strategy to maximize long-term NAV per share is thoughtful capital allocation. We evaluate development, dispositions, share repurchases and other investment decisions based on how they may impact long-term NAV per share. We intend to continue to opportunistically sell or recapitalize assets as well as monetize land sites where a ground lease or joint venture execution may represent the most attractive path to maximizing value. Successful execution of our capital allocation strategy enables us to source capital at NAV from the disposition of assets generating low cash yields and repurchase our shares, since we believe our share price currently fails to reflect the underlying, intrinsic value of our business, and invest in development projects with significant yield spreads and profit potential. While recent market conditions have significantly slowed down the pace of asset sales, we believe market conditions may be improving and anticipate redeploying the proceeds from any sales to share repurchases and funding our planned growth in National Landing. In a climate where office assets are near cyclical lows with limited liquidity, we intend in the near term to focus on sourcing liquidity from multifamily assets, specifically our multifamily assets in Washington, D.C. where our holdings are less concentrated. In the meantime, we continue to advance the design and entitlement of our 11.0 million square feet (8.9 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density in our development pipeline and intend to look to source joint venture capital as a means of funding these developments as market conditions permit.
While our Primary Focus is on Continuing to Grow our Investments in National Landing, we Continue to Operate Mixed-Use Assets in Other High-Growth, Metro-Served Submarkets in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area. To the extent it does not conflict with our capital allocation strategy and to the extent we believe doing so will maximize our long-term NAV per share growth, we intend to continue owning and operating urban mixed-use properties concentrated in what we believe are the highest growth, Metro-served submarkets in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area with high barriers to entry and vibrant urban amenities. In addition to National Landing, these submarkets currently include the Ballpark, U Street/Shaw and Union Market/NoMa in the District of Columbia. These submarkets generally feature strong economic and demographic attributes, as well as superior transportation infrastructure that caters to the preferences of multifamily, office and retail tenants. We believe these positive attributes will enable our assets located in these high-growth submarkets to outperform the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area as a whole.
Drive Incremental Growth Through Lease-up and Stabilization of Our Operating Assets, and Deliver Our Under-Construction Asset. Given our leasing capabilities and tenant demand for high-quality space in our submarkets, we believe that we are well positioned to achieve significant internal growth from the lease-up of vacant space in our in-service Operating Portfolio. As of December 31, 2024, we had 16 multifamily assets totaling 6,781 units (6,781 units at our share), which were 92.9% leased at our share. As of December 31, 2024, we had 20 commercial assets totaling 6.7 million square feet (6.3 million square feet at our share), which were 78.6% leased at our share, resulting in 1.4 million square feet available for lease. In addition to portfolio lease-up, we expect increases in NOI from: (i) the commencement of signed but not yet commenced office and retail leases ($5.6 million total annualized estimated rent as of December 31, 2024, of which $1.5 million is expected in 2025) and (ii) contractual rent escalators in our non-GSA office and retail leases, which are based on increases in the Consumer Price Index or a fixed percentage.
As of December 31, 2024, we had 775 multifamily units under construction in National Landing at 2000/2001 South Bell Street (Valen and The Zoe) and started construction on a new amenity hub at 2011 Crystal Drive that, based on our current plans and estimates, require an additional $73.3 million to complete, which we anticipate will be primarily expended over the next year.
Monetize Our Substantial Development Pipeline. We expect our development pipeline will produce favorable risk-adjusted returns on invested capital.
As of December 31, 2024, our development pipeline consisted of 19 assets, and we estimate it can support 11.0 million square feet (8.9 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density: 87.1% of this potential development density comprises multifamily projects located in the high-growth submarkets of National Landing and Union Market/NoMa; and 100.0% of this potential development density is Metro-served. Subject to market conditions, we intend to invest in multifamily development and potentially new office development subject to preleasing. The estimated potential development densities and uses reflect our current business plans as of December 31, 2024 and are subject to change based on market conditions.
In addition to developing select assets in this pipeline, we expect to unlock value through opportunistic asset sales, ground leases and recapitalizations.
Third-Party Services Business
Our third-party asset management and real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services to third parties, including the JBG Legacy Funds. Although a significant portion of the assets and interests in assets formerly owned by certain of the JBG Legacy Funds were contributed to us in the Combination, the JBG Legacy Funds retained certain assets that were not consistent with our long-term business strategy. With respect to the remaining investments of the JBG Legacy Funds, we provide asset management, property management, development, construction management, leasing and other services. We expect to continue to earn fees for the management of the JBG Legacy Funds until their investments are liquidated. Certain individual members of our management team own direct equity co-investment and promote interests in the JBG Legacy Funds and certain of the funds' investments that were not contributed to us. These economic interests will be eliminated as the JBG Legacy Funds are wound down over time. As of December 31, 2024, the JBG Legacy Funds had four remaining assets. Additionally, we often retain management of properties we sell as part of our capital allocation strategy. These assets, while no longer owned by us, continue to generate third-party service fees.
We believe that the fees we earn in connection with providing these third-party services enhance our overall returns, provide additional scale and efficiency in our operating and development businesses and absorb a portion of the overhead and other administrative costs of our platform. This scale provides competitive advantages, including market knowledge, buying power and operating efficiencies across all product types. We also believe that our existing relationships arising out of our third-party asset management and real estate services business will continue to provide potential access to capital and new investment opportunities.
Competition
The commercial real estate markets in which we operate are highly competitive. We compete with numerous acquirers, developers, owners and operators of commercial real estate including other REITs, private equity investors, domestic and foreign financial institutions, life insurance companies, pension trusts, partnerships, and individual investors, many of which own or may seek to acquire or develop assets similar to ours in the same markets in which our assets are located. These competitors may have greater financial resources or access to capital than we do or be willing to acquire assets in transactions which are more highly leveraged or are less attractive from a financial viewpoint than we are willing to pursue, which may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities available to us or increase pricing. Leasing is a major component of our business and is highly competitive. The principal means of competition in leasing are lease terms (including rent charged and tenant improvement allowances), location, services provided, and the nature and condition of the asset to be leased. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates, below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, in better locations within our markets, in higher quality assets or offer better services, we may lose existing and potential tenants, and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those we currently charge to retain tenants when our tenants' leases expire.
Segment Data
We operate in the following business segments: multifamily, commercial and third-party asset management and real estate services. Financial information related to these business segments for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 is set forth in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements.
Tax Status
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856-860 of the Code. Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as dividends to its shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income which is distributed to its shareholders. We currently adhere and intend to continue to adhere to these requirements and to maintain our REIT status in future periods.
Future distributions will be declared and paid at the discretion of our Board of Trustees and will depend upon cash generated by operating activities, our financial condition, capital requirements, annual dividend requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code and such other factors as our Board of Trustees deems relevant.
We also participate in the activities conducted by our subsidiary entities that have elected to be treated as TRSs under the Code. As such, we are subject to federal, state, and local taxes on the income from these activities. For additional information regarding our REIT status, see Item 9B "Other Information."
Significant Tenants
Only commercial leases with the U.S. federal government accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Rental revenue from the U.S. federal government
$
64,958
$
64,439
$
75,516
Percentage of total revenue
11.9
%
10.7
%
12.5
%
For a further discussion of the risks related to the federal government as tenant, including the timing of potential lease renewals or terminations, see Item 1A “Risk Factors” - Risks Related to Our Business and Operations - We derive a significant portion of our revenue from U.S. federal government tenants, and we may face additional risks and costs associated with directly managing assets occupied by government tenants.
Sustainability
Our business values integrate environmental sustainability, social responsibility and strong governance practices throughout our organization. We believe that by understanding the social and environmental impacts of our business, we are better able to protect asset value, reduce risk, and advance initiatives that result in positive outcomes creating shared value. Our business model prioritizes maximizing long-term NAV per share. By investing in urban infill and transit-oriented development and strategically mixing high-quality multifamily and commercial buildings with public areas, retail spaces, and walkable streets, we are working to define neighborhoods that deliver benefits to the environment and our community, as well as long-term value to our shareholders.
We remain committed to transparent reporting of sustainability financial and non-financial indicators. We intend to continue publishing an annual sustainability report with key performance indicators that are aligned with the Global Reporting Initiative reporting framework, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainability Accounting Standards Board Standards, and recommendations set forth by the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures. In 2024, we maintained a carbon neutral operating portfolio for Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. Carbon neutrality was accomplished first through energy and water efficiency, then the purchase of verified carbon offsets for Scope 1 emissions produced by onsite natural gas consumption and fugitive refrigerant emissions, and the purchase of Green-e RECs for Scope 2 emissions produced by consuming onsite electricity procured by us. (We own three company vehicles with
emissions that are less than 0.01% of our carbon footprint and, therefore, are not included in our calculations of carbon neutrality.) Our detailed sustainability information, including our strategy, key performance targets and indicators, annual absolute comparisons, achievements and historical sustainability reports are available on our website at https://www.JBGSMITH.com/About/Sustainability. All energy, water, waste and greenhouse gas emissions data in our sustainability report are third-party, limited assurance verified following ISO 14064-3. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We focus on operating efficiency, responding to evolving environmental and societal trends, and delivering on the needs of our tenants and communities. We have demonstrated the results of this focus by:
● Achieving a 5-star ranking in the GRESB Assessment for both diversified operating assets and future development, and being recognized as a 2024 Global and Regional Sector Leader - Existing Portfolio and Regional Sector Leader - Development - Residential Sector.
● Being named 2024 Nareit Diversified Leader in the Light award winner for sustained sustainability excellence.
● Being named a Nareit Sustainability At Scale award winner.
● Maintaining a Sustainability Committee and oversight of environmental and social matters by the Board of Trustees' Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee.
● Surpassing $114 million in investor commitments to the JBG SMITH-managed WHI Impact Pool, which raises funds from third parties and, through 2024, has closed $78.0 million in financing related to the purchase of residential communities containing 3,018 workforce housing units. We launched the WHI in 2018 in partnership with the Federal City Council to preserve or build between 2,000 and 3,000 units of workforce housing in the Washington, D.C. region.
Our sustainability team works directly with our business units to integrate our sustainability principles throughout our operations and investment processes. Our sustainability team is responsible for leading annual reporting efforts, maintaining building certifications, energy, water and waste benchmarking, sustainability strategy development, and implementation and coordination with industry and community partners.
To ensure that our sustainability principles are fully integrated into our business practices, our sustainability, human resources, legal, accounting and social impact investing teams, as well as members of our management team, provide top-down support for the implementation of our initiatives. Our Sustainability Committee is responsible for improvement initiatives and provides our Board of Trustees' Corporate Governance & Nominating and Audit Committees with periodic updates on sustainability strategy. Accomplishments of this group in 2024 include an update to climate-related risks inclusive of physical and transition risks and the potential financial impacts of those risks, and the creation and adoption of a supply chain code of conduct and a social value statement.
Energy and Water Efficiency and Management
We believe that the efficient use of natural resources will result in sustainable long-term value and mitigate climate-related risks. By 2030, we have committed to reduce: energy consumption 25%, predicted energy consumption 25%, water consumption 20% and greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1 and 2) 25%. Further, by 2030, we have committed to increase waste diversion to 60% and verify all assets using green building and health and well-being certifications across our Operating Portfolio and development pipeline. We achieve this improvement through real time energy use monitoring and capital investments in energy and water saving projects. We report progress on these commitments annually in our sustainability report.
Our long-term strategy to reduce energy and water consumption includes operational and capital improvements that align with our business plan and contribute to attaining our performance targets. Asset teams review historical performance annually, conduct energy audits and regularly assess opportunities to achieve efficiency targets. Capital investment planning considers the useful life of equipment, energy and water efficiency, occupant health impacts and maintenance requirements.
Our development strategy focuses on reducing predicted energy and water consumption and embodied carbon, contributing to attaining our performance targets. Development teams use energy, water, and embodied carbon modeling to inform design decisions that best fit each individual building program, adapt to identified climate change conditions for our region, and promote healthy buildings. Since the establishment of performance targets for our development projects, we are tracking an aggregate 25% reduction in predicted energy consumption, 35% reduction in predicted water use and 20% reduction in embodied carbon as of December 31, 2024.
We use green building and health and well-being certifications as a verification tool across our portfolio. These certifications demonstrate our commitment to green, smart, and healthy buildings and verify predicted operational performance. We seek to benchmark 100% of our assets to help inform capital improvement projects. As of December 31, 2024:
● 93% of all operating assets, based on square footage, have earned at least one green building or health and well-being certification:
o 3.9 million square feet of LEED Certified Multifamily Space (70%)
o 2.2 million square feet of LEED Certified Commercial Space (35%)
o 2.8 million square feet of ENERGY STAR Certified Multifamily Space (50%)
o 3.7 million square feet of ENERGY STAR Certified Commercial Space (59%)
o 6.2 million square feet of BOMA 360 Certified Commercial Space (99%)
o 4.6 million square feet of Fitwel Full Building Certified Commercial and Multifamily Space (38%)
o 6.2 million square feet of Fitwel Viral Response Module Certified Commercial Space (99%)
● 99.6% of our operating assets' energy and water use are benchmarked
Tenant Sustainability Impacts
Customer service is an integral component of real estate management. Our mission includes creating a unique experience at all our properties where our tenants' needs are our highest priority. We believe in sustainability as a service - by integrating efficiency and conservation into standard operating practices, we engage on topics that are most impactful to our tenants and residents. We are committed to providing a healthy living and working environment for building occupants. We accomplish this goal through monitoring and improving indoor air quality, eliminating toxic chemicals, providing access to nature, daylight, fresh foods, fitness amenities, composting and waste reduction programs.
We are a Green Lease Leader established by the Institute for Market Transformation and the U.S. Department of Energy's Better Buildings Alliance. Green Lease Leaders recognizes companies who use the leasing process to achieve better collaboration between landlords and tenants with the goal of reducing building energy consumption and operating costs. Our standard lease contains a cost recovery clause for resource efficiency-related capital improvements and requires tenants to provide data for measuring, managing, and reporting sustainability performance. This language is included in 100% of our new office and retail leases and renewals.
Nearly all our commercial tenants are metered at the whole building level for their grid electricity and water usage. Many of our retail tenants in multifamily buildings are billed directly for electricity and water. As such, the percentage of our directly sub-metered tenants is very low. In most cases, we receive a bill at the whole building level for grid electricity and water usage, and bill tenants based on the percentage of the building's square footage that they occupy. These tenants are not considered to be separately metered or sub-metered.
Climate Change Resilience
We take climate change and the associated risks seriously, and we are committed to managing and avoiding the impacts of climate change using science to inform action. We stand with our communities, tenants and shareholders in supporting meaningful solutions that address this global challenge. To develop a more informed view of future climate conditions and further our understanding of the direct climate-related risks to our properties, we have conducted a new climate-related
risk assessment (both acute and chronic risks across our operating assets and development pipeline) which addresses both physical and transition climate risk factors, and estimates the financial implications of those modeled risks at the asset level.
Climate Change Risk Management Strategy
We have aligned our climate-related disclosures with the recommendations of the TCFD. As defined by the TCFD framework, physical risks associated with climate change include acute risks (extreme weather-related events) and chronic risks (such as extreme heat and coastal flooding), and transition risks associated with climate change include policy and legal risks, market and reputation-related risks and decarbonization technology risks.
Our 2024 assessment of climate change risk relied on S&P Global Inc.'s Climanomics modeling tool. The Climanomics methodology projects portfolio level risk exposure as well as individual asset risk exposure over four reference scenarios, or representative concentration pathways, established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and across a range of time horizons through 2100. Climanomics’ primary output is a risk exposure metric called MAAL. This value is presented as both absolute MAAL ($ in millions) and relative MAAL (% of total asset or portfolio value). We intend to conduct periodic climate-related risk assessments as the composition of our portfolio changes.
The assessment included all in-service assets, and our development pipeline and landholdings, and included climate events such as hurricane, wildfire, temperature extremes, water stress, drought, and pluvial, fluvial and coastal flooding. The assessment of our portfolio identified pluvial (urban flooding) and coastal flooding and temperature extremes (heat stress) as top hazards. We currently have no properties in a Federal Emergency Management Agency hazard designated area.
Asset-Level Risk Management
We are managing transition risks by benchmarking energy and water consumption, carbon emissions and waste performance at the asset level and review this information with asset management and operations teams quarterly. As a leader in green building, we will continue to make capital investments that enhance building performance and tenant comfort, energy and water efficiency, on-site renewable energy and other decarbonization strategies. We work with our insurance team to benchmark resilience features and develop adaptations for short-term horizons. We aim to develop risk mitigation and physical resilience plans for all assets taking into account the outputs from the Climanomics tool.
Carbon-Neutral Operations Strategy
Our strategy to maintain carbon-neutral operations includes the following steps:
● First and foremost, plan for and deploy energy and water efficiency at all assets.
● Plan for and deploy energy, water, and embodied carbon reductions in the design of our buildings.
● Deploy on-site renewable energy where most impactful.
● Develop and deploy off-site renewable procurement strategies.
● To the extent necessary, offset any remaining emissions by purchasing verified renewable energy credits and carbon offsets.
Social Responsibility
We believe the economic strength of our region is central to sustaining the long-term value of our portfolio. We are committed to the economic development of the Washington D.C. metropolitan area through continued investment in our projects and local communities. We recognize, however, that new development can foster challenging growth dynamics. We strive to work alongside community members, leaders, and local and federal governments to appropriately respond to these challenges. In 2024, we combined our impact investing activities, including management of the WHI Impact Pool under the newly formed LEO Impact Capital, our impact investment management platform.
The WHI is a scalable, market-driven model funded by a unique relationship between philanthropy and private investment. As of December 31, 2024, we have invested $8.3 million of our $11.2 million commitment in the WHI Impact Pool. The WHI Impact Pool completed fundraising in 2020 with capital commitments totaling $114.4 million, and has closed $78.0 million in financing related to the purchase of residential communities containing 3,018 units through December 31, 2024.
To learn more about our sustainability initiatives and performance, please visit https://www.JBGSMITH.com/About/Sustainability and download our Sustainability Report. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Equal Employment Opportunity
We are committed to a merit-based human capital management strategy that is aimed at attracting, retaining and developing the best talent in the industry. See "Human Capital" below for further discussion.
Governance
We are engaged in addressing sustainability matters, including climate-related matters, at all levels of our organization. Management’s role in overseeing, assessing, and managing climate-related risks, opportunities and initiatives is integrated throughout our business units. We have a dedicated team of sustainability professionals focused on sustainability matters that coordinate and collaborate across business units and with our Board of Trustees and management, and which advises on environmental sustainability matters and develops and implements related initiatives. In 2022, management established a new Sustainability Committee to help inform strategy and more robustly advise the Board of Trustees on climate-related risks and opportunities. The Sustainability Committee is responsible for ensuring compliance with guidelines from the SEC and other regulatory bodies, and assists in establishing our general strategy as it relates to sustainability matters that may affect our business, operation, performance or reputation. The Sustainability Committee reports to the Chief Legal Officer, with oversight provided by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Co-chairs include our Deputy General Counsel and Senior Vice President of Sustainability, with representation by business leaders from various groups across the organization.
Regulatory Matters
Environmental Matters
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or former owner or operator of real estate may be liable for conducting or paying for the costs of the investigation, removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products on, under or from that real estate. These laws often impose such liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence or release of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products, and the liability may be joint and several. The costs of investigation, remediation or removal of these substances may be substantial and could exceed the value of the property, and the presence of these substances, or the failure to promptly remediate these substances, may adversely affect the owner's ability to sell, operate, or develop the real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. In connection with the ownership and operation of our current and former assets, we may be potentially liable for these costs. The operations of current and former tenants at our assets have involved, or may have involved, the presence or use of hazardous substances or petroleum products or the generation of hazardous wastes, and indemnities in our lease agreements may not fully protect us from liability, if, for example, a tenant responsible for environmental non­compliance or contamination becomes insolvent. The release of these hazardous substances and wastes and petroleum products could result in us incurring liabilities to investigate or remediate any resulting contamination. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties may (i) expose us to third-party liability (e.g., for cleanup costs, natural resource damages, bodily injury or property damage), (ii) subject our properties to liens in favor of the government for damages and costs the government incurs in connection with the contamination, (iii) impose restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used or businesses may be operated, or (iv) materially adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. In addition, our assets are exposed to the risk of contamination originating from other sources. While
a property owner may not be responsible for remediating contamination that has migrated onsite from an identifiable and viable offsite source, the contaminant's presence can have adverse effects on operations and the redevelopment of our assets. To the extent we arrange for contaminated materials to be sent to other locations for treatment or disposal, we may be liable for the cleanup of those sites if they become contaminated, without regard to whether we complied with environmental laws in doing so.
Most of our assets have been subject, at some point, to environmental assessments that are intended to evaluate the environmental condition of the subject and surrounding assets. These environmental assessments generally have included a historical review, a public records review, a visual inspection of the site and surrounding assets, visual or historical evidence of underground storage tanks and other features, and the preparation and issuance of a written report. Soil, soil vapor and/or groundwater subsurface testing is conducted at our assets, when necessary, to further investigate any conditions identified by the initial assessment that could reasonably be expected to pose a material concern to the property or result in us incurring material environmental liabilities as a result of redevelopment. The tests may not, however, have included extensive sampling or subsurface investigations. In each case where the environmental assessments have identified conditions requiring remedial actions required by law, we have initiated appropriate actions. The environmental assessments have not revealed any material environmental contamination that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our overall business, financial condition or results of operations, or that have not been anticipated and remediated during site redevelopment as required by law. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the identification of new areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites or changes in cleanup requirements would not result in significant cost to us.
Our operations and assets, and the operations of our tenants, are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. The cost to comply with such requirements may be significant and if we fail to comply with such requirements, we could be subject to significant fines. Moreover, environmental requirements have and may continue to become increasingly stringent, and our costs or operating restrictions may increase as a result.
Affordable Housing and Tenant Protection Regulations
Certain states and municipalities have adopted laws and regulations imposing restrictions on the timing or amount of rent increases and other tenant protections. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 6% of the multifamily units in our Operating Portfolio were designated as affordable housing. In addition, Washington, D.C. and Montgomery County, Maryland have laws that require, in certain circumstances, an owner of a multifamily rental property to allow tenant organizations the option to purchase the building at a market price if the owner attempts to sell the property. We expect to continue operating and acquiring assets in areas that either are subject to these types of laws or regulations or where such laws or regulations may be enacted in the future. Such laws and regulations limit our ability to charge market rents, increase rents, evict tenants or recover increases in our operating expenses and could make it more difficult for us to dispose of assets in certain circumstances.
The Americans with Disabilities Act and other Federal, State and Local Regulations
The ADA generally requires that public buildings, including our assets, meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants and/or legal fees to their counsel. If, under the ADA, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our assets, including the removal of access barriers, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
Additionally, our assets are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.
Regulation Related to Government Tenants
As discussed above, the U.S. federal government is a significant tenant. Lease agreements with federal government agencies contain provisions required by federal law, which require, among other things, that the lessor of the property agree to comply with certain rules and regulations, including rules and regulations related to anti-kickback procedures, examination of records, audits and records, equal opportunity provisions, prohibition against segregated facilities, certain executive orders, subcontractor cost or pricing data, and certain provisions intending to assist small businesses. We directly manage assets with federal government agency tenants, which subjects us to additional risks associated with compliance with applicable federal rules and regulations. In addition, there are requirements relating to the potential application of equal opportunity provisions and related anti-discrimination requirements, including but not limited to, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Randolph-Sheppard Act. We are also prohibited from implementing any programs promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion that violate any applicable federal anti-discrimination laws. Compliance with these requirements is costly and any increase in regulation could increase our costs, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Human Capital
Our headquarters is located at 4747 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814. As of December 31, 2024, we had 645 employees.
We believe that our talent is our competitive advantage. To that end, we focus on talent development and succession planning and pay-for-performance. We utilize talent management practices in the broadest sense to create an engaging workplace experience for our employees, where they feel valued, respected and supported. We are keenly focused on the employee experience and want every person to feel respected for what makes them unique. At the same time, our core values provide a sound structure for finding common ground and working together as a team to deliver the best possible outcomes.
We offer our employees an environment that enables them to be confident in their in-office experience and demonstrate the energy and excitement that comes from being together and collaborating with coworkers to achieve desirable outcomes. In addition, we are proud to have been recognized a "Top Workplace" several times in past years, and are focused on providing a positive employee experience to ensure that we remain an employer of choice.
We continually invest in our employee population, ensuring our employee experience more broadly continues to help us attract and retain the best talent in the industry. The list below is a sampling of offerings that help create a compelling employee experience:
● Streamlined annual performance reviews
● Executive coaching available
● Employee share purchase plan
● Hybrid / flexible work schedules
● Flexible paid time off
● Regular town halls where senior management updates the entire team on recent progress and other important matters
● Mentorship and coaching programs to develop and retain talent
● Employee referral program
● Generous company subsidy on health-related benefits
● Lunches with Leaders
● Volunteer opportunities
In addition to the above, we have a strong pay-for-performance culture. We want our employees to feel aligned with our company vision and enabled to grow in their careers. To that end, we have a strong track record of promoting from within. Consequently, the opportunities for growth and development also help to keep our population engaged and motivated.
With an ongoing focus on our three strategic pillars - (i) employee development, (ii) engagement and (iii) recruiting - we have made additional progress and have continued to drive cultural and behavioral change. We encourage a wide variety of perspectives, views and ideas in our workforce. We pride ourselves on our strong, collaborative culture, and we strive to create a supportive and healthy work environment for our employees, which helps us continue to attract innovators to our organization. We have maintained our strategic partnerships with external organizations to ensure that we are building a strong pipeline of talent.
Available Information
Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are available free of charge through our website (https://www.JBGSMITH.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Also available on our website are copies of our Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines. In the event of any changes to these charters or the code or guidelines, changed copies will also be made available on our website. Copies of these documents are also available directly from us free of charge. Our website also includes other financial information, including certain financial measures not in compliance with GAAP, none of which is a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Copies of our filings under the Exchange Act are also available free of charge from us, upon request.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risks in evaluating our company and our common shares. If any of the following risks were to occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, and the ability to make distributions to our shareholders could be materially and adversely affected, which we refer to herein collectively as a "material adverse effect on us," the per share trading price of our common shares could decline significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Some statements in this Form 10-K, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Refer to the section entitled "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" for additional information regarding these forward-looking statements.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
A material portion of our portfolio comprises office assets, which have generally experienced lower demand since early 2020 and may experience a further decrease in demand that could have a material adverse effect on us.
A material portion of our portfolio comprises office assets, which, due to the continued prevalence of work-from-home policies and practices, have generally experienced a decrease in demand and may experience a further decrease in demand as some tenants do not renew leases as they expire or renew space with a smaller footprint, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Additionally, in the current climate where office assets are near cyclical lows with limited liquidity, we intend to focus in the near term on sourcing liquidity through the sale of multifamily assets, which would result in our office assets comprising a larger portion of our portfolio. Demand for office space in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and nationwide, including in our portfolio, has remained relatively low and may continue to decline due to increased usage of teleworking arrangements and more flexible work-from-anywhere policies leading to reconsiderations regarding amount of square footage needed (e.g. certain tenants have reduced their leased square footage or advised us of their intention to do so), and cost cutting, which could lead to continued lower office occupancy (as of December 31, 2024, 13.5% of our commercial and retail leases at our share, based on square footage, were scheduled to expire in 2025 or had month-to-month terms, and 4.4% were scheduled to expire in 2026), and new leasing has been slow to recover and may continue to lag due to delayed return-to-office plans and decision-making related to future office utilization.
Our portfolio of assets is geographically concentrated in Washington, D.C. metropolitan area submarkets, and particularly concentrated in National Landing, which makes us susceptible to adverse economic and other conditions such that an economic downturn affecting this area could have a material adverse effect on us.
We are particularly susceptible to adverse economic or other conditions in the Washington D.C. metropolitan market (such as periods of economic slowdown or recession, business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, actual or anticipated federal government shutdowns, uncertainties related to federal elections, relocations of businesses or federal agencies and functions, increases in real estate and other taxes, actual or perceived increases in retail theft and other crime, imposed curfews or states of security, and the cost of complying with governmental regulations or increased regulation), as well as to natural disasters (including earthquakes, floods, storms and hurricanes), utility outages (including electricity and drinking water), potentially adverse effects of climate change and other disruptions that occur in this market (such as terrorist activity or threats of terrorist activity and other events), any of which may have a greater impact on the value of our assets or on our operating results than if we owned a more geographically diverse portfolio.
Additionally, acts of violence, including terrorist attacks in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area could directly or indirectly damage our assets, both physically and financially, or cause losses that materially exceed our insurance coverage. Properties that are occupied by federal government tenants may be more likely to be the target of a future attack. Moreover, the same risks that apply to the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area as a whole also apply to the individual submarkets where our assets are located. National Landing makes up approximately 75% of our portfolio based on square footage at our share, and we expect that percentage to increase in the coming years. Any adverse economic or other conditions in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and our submarkets, especially National Landing, or any decrease in demand for multifamily, office or retail assets could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our assets and the property development market in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area are dependent on an economy that is heavily reliant on federal government spending and use of office assets, and any actual or anticipated curtailment of such spending could have a material adverse effect on us.
Any curtailment of federal government spending, whether due to a change of presidential administration or control of Congress, federal government sequestrations, furloughs or shutdowns, a slowdown of the U.S. and/or global economy, any change in federal government agencies work-from-home policies or uses of office space, relocation of federal agencies and functions, or other factors, could have an adverse impact on real estate values and property development in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, on demand and willingness to enter into long-term contracts for office space by the federal government and companies dependent upon the federal government, as well as on occupancy rates and annualized rents of multifamily and retail assets by occupants or patrons whose employment is by or related to the federal government. For instance, certain of our GSA tenants have reduced their leased square footage. Any such curtailments in federal spending or changes in federal leasing policy could occur in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We have significant exposure to Amazon and the National Landing submarket.
The impact of Amazon's headquarters in National Landing is difficult to forecast and quantify and may differ from what we, financial or industry analysts or investors anticipate and have anticipated since Amazon’s November 2018 announcement that it had selected sites in National Landing as the location of its new headquarters. We have significant exposure to Amazon as a tenant and as a result of fees we expect to receive from them as developer, property manager, and retail leasing agent for the company’s headquarters at National Landing. As of December 31, 2024, we have leases with Amazon in two office buildings in National Landing totaling approximately 357,000 square feet with annualized rent totaling $16.6 million. If Amazon invests less than the announced amounts in National Landing or makes such investment over a longer period than anticipated, if its business prospects decline, if it reduces the size of its workforce in National Landing below initially anticipated levels or further delays hiring or if it leases, releases or develops less square footage than anticipated, our ability to achieve the benefits associated with Amazon's headquarters location in National Landing could be adversely affected. If we, Virginia Tech, Amazon, federal, state and local governments do not make all the anticipated investments, including infrastructure investments, that would directly benefit National Landing, we could be adversely affected. Furthermore, Amazon's headquarters may not have the anticipated collateral financial effect on the National Landing submarket. If we do not achieve the perceived benefits of such location as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by us, financial or industry analysts or investors, we and potentially the market price of our common shares could be adversely affected. Additionally, if the Virginia Tech Innovation Campus reduces its contemplated size or does
not have the anticipated collateral financial effect, or if any of our other key demand drivers in National Landing fail to materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
We derive a significant portion of our revenue from U.S. federal government tenants, and we may face additional risks and costs associated with directly managing assets occupied by government tenants.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, 11.9% of our total revenue was generated by commercial rentals to federal government tenants, and federal government tenants historically have been a significant source of new leasing for us. For the year ended December 31, 2024, GSA was our largest single tenant, with 31 leases comprising 25.2% of total annualized rent at our share. The occurrence of events that have a negative impact on the demand for federal government office space, such as a decrease in federal government payrolls or a change in policy that prevents governmental tenants from renting our office space or relocation of federal agencies and functions away from the Washington, D.C. region, would have a much larger adverse effect on our revenue than a corresponding occurrence affecting other categories of tenants. Additionally, a federal government shutdown could delay or prevent us from collecting rent payments from our federal government tenants. If demand for federal government office space were to decline, it would be more difficult for us to lease our buildings and could reduce overall market demand and corresponding rental rates, all of which could have a material adverse effect on us. For example, we have been notified by a GSA tenant that they are vacating their space totaling approximately 88,000 square feet in 2025. Additionally, the recent change of presidential administration has placed increased focus on reduction of government spending, which could impact U.S. federal government leasing practices and upcoming renewals. During the next four years (2025 to 2029), we have 20 leases, totaling approximately 542,000 square feet at our share, with U.S. federal government tenants that will expire. Lease agreements with these federal government agencies contain provisions required by federal law, which require, among other things, that the lessor of the property agree to comply with certain rules and regulations, including rules and regulations related to audits and records and subcontractor cost or pricing data. In addition, there are requirements relating to the potential application of equal opportunity provisions and related anti-discrimination requirements, including but not limited to, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Randolph-Sheppard Act. We are also prohibited from implementing any programs promoting diversity, equity and inclusion that violate any applicable federal anti-discrimination laws. Compliance with these requirements is costly and any increase or significant change in regulation could increase our costs, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Rent control or rent stabilization legislation and other regulatory restrictions may limit our ability to increase rents and pass through new or increased operating costs to our residents.
Certain jurisdictions in which we own property have adopted, or may in the future adopt, laws and regulations imposing restrictions on the timing or amount of rent increases or have imposed regulations relating to low- and moderate-income housing. Such laws and regulations limit our ability to charge market rents, increase rents or evict residents at our multifamily assets and could make it more difficult for us to dispose of properties in certain circumstances. In addition, some U.S. jurisdictions have adopted regulations regarding the use of algorithmic devices or systems when making decisions regarding rents or occupancy. While the Washington D.C. region does not currently have such regulation, it is possible that one or more of the jurisdictions within the Washington D.C. region where we own assets could adopt similar regulations in the future. Similarly, compliance procedures associated with rent control statutes and low- and moderate-income housing regulations could have a negative impact on our operating costs, and any failure to comply with low- and moderate-income housing regulations could result in the loss of certain tax benefits and the forfeiture of rent payments. In addition, such low- and moderate-income housing regulations often require us to rent a certain number of units at below-market rents, which has a negative impact on our ability to increase cash flows from our multifamily assets subject to such regulations. Furthermore, such regulations may negatively impact our ability to attract higher-paying residents to such properties. As of December 31, 2024, all of our multifamily assets located within the Washington, D.C. metro region were subject to such regulations.
We are exposed to risks associated with real estate development and redevelopment, such as unanticipated expenses, delays and other contingencies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Real estate development and redevelopment activities are a critical element of our business strategy, and we expect to engage in such activities with respect to several of our properties and with properties that we may acquire in the future. To the extent that we do so, we will continue to be subject to risks, including, without limitation:
● construction or redevelopment costs of a project may exceed original estimates, possibly making the project less profitable than originally estimated, or unprofitable;
● inflation and domestic tariff policies could increase the costs of construction and development projects, which could decrease the yield on such projects, delaying their commencement or resulting in fewer such pursuits. In 2023, these conditions made new development starts infeasible;
● time required to complete the construction or redevelopment of a project or to lease-up the completed project may be greater than originally anticipated, thereby adversely affecting our cash flow and liquidity;
● contractor, subcontractor and supplier disputes, strikes, labor disputes or shortages, weather conditions or supply disruptions (including those related to the supply chain);
● failure to achieve expected occupancy and/or rent levels within the projected time frame, if at all;
● delays with respect to obtaining, or the inability to obtain, necessary zoning, occupancy, land use and other governmental permits, and changes in zoning and land use laws;
● occupancy rates and rents of a completed project may not be sufficient to make the project profitable;
● incurrence of design, permitting and other development costs for opportunities that we ultimately abandon;
● the ability of prospective real estate venture partners or buyers of our properties to obtain financing; and
● the availability and pricing of financing to fund our development activities on favorable terms or at all.
These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses and, under certain circumstances, could prevent the initiation or the completion of development or redevelopment activities, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. Partnership or real estate venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on partners' or co-venturers' financial condition and disputes between us and our partners or co-venturers, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
As of December 31, 2024, 6.3% of our assets measured by total square feet at our share was held through real estate ventures, and we expect to co-invest in the future with other third parties through partnerships, real estate ventures or other entities, acquiring noncontrolling interests in or sharing responsibility for managing the affairs of a property, partnership, real estate venture or other entity. In particular, we may use real estate ventures as a significant source of equity capital to fund our development strategy. Consequently, with respect to any such third-party arrangement, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property, partnership, real estate venture or other entity, or structure of ownership and may, under certain circumstances, be exposed to risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, and we may be forced to make contributions to maintain the value of the property. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent or in direct conflict with our business interests or goals and may be in a position to take action or withhold consent contrary to our policies or objectives. These investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the partner or co-venturer would have full control over the partnership or real estate venture. We and our respective partners or co-venturers may each have the right to trigger a buy-sell right or forced sale arrangement, which could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partners' or co-venturers' interest, or to sell the underlying asset, either on unfavorable terms or at a time when we otherwise would not have initiated such a transaction. In addition, a sale or transfer by us to a third party of our interests in the partnership or real estate venture may be subject to consent rights or rights of first refusal in favor of our partners or co-venturers, which would in each case restrict our ability to dispose of our interest in the partnership or real estate venture. Where we are a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company, if the entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in that entity, including by contributing our interest to a subsidiary of ours that is subject to corporate level income tax. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or trustees from focusing their time and effort on
our business. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers. Our real estate ventures may be subject to debt, and the refinancing of such debt may require equity capital calls. Furthermore, any cash distributions from real estate ventures will be subject to the operating agreements of the real estate ventures, which may limit distributions, the timing of distributions or specify certain preferential distributions among the respective parties. The occurrence of any of the risks described above could have a material adverse effect on us.
We depend on major tenants in our commercial portfolio, and the bankruptcy, insolvency or inability to pay rent of any of these tenants could have a material adverse effect on us.
As of December 31, 2024, the 20 largest office and retail tenants in our Operating Portfolio represented 58.7% of our share of total annualized office and retail rent. In many cases, through tenant improvement allowances and other concessions, we have made substantial upfront investments in leases with our major tenants that we may not recover if they fail to pay rent through the end of the lease term. The inability or failure of a major tenant to pay rent, or the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant, may adversely affect the income produced by our Operating Portfolio. Additionally, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord due to federal, state and local laws and regulations and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on us.
We derive a significant portion of our revenue from five of our assets.
As of December 31, 2024, five of our assets in the aggregate generated 29.4% of our share of annualized rent. The occurrence of events that have a negative impact on one or more of these assets, such as a natural disaster that damages one or more of these assets, would have a much larger adverse effect on our revenue than a corresponding occurrence affecting a less significant property. A substantial decline in the revenue generated by one or more of these assets could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our Placemaking depends in significant part on a retail component, which frequently involves retail assets embedded in or adjacent to our multifamily assets and/or commercial assets, making us subject to risks that affect the retail environment generally, such as competition from discount and online retailers, weakness in the economy, fluctuations in foot traffic, pandemics, a decline in consumer spending and the financial condition of major retail tenants, any of which could adversely affect market rents for retail space and the willingness or ability of retailers to lease space in our retail assets.
If our retail assets lose tenants, whether to the proliferation of online businesses and discount retailers, a decline in general economic conditions and consumer spending or otherwise, it could have a material adverse effect on us. If we fail to reinvest in and redevelop our assets to maintain their attractiveness to retailers and shoppers, then retailers or shoppers may perceive that shopping at other venues or online is more convenient, cost-effective or otherwise more attractive, which could negatively affect our ability to rent retail space at our assets. In addition, some of our assets depend on anchor or major retail tenants and/or occupancy in surrounding offices to attract shoppers and could be adversely affected by the loss of, or a store closure by, one or more of these tenants or changes to in-office policies of surrounding businesses. Any of the foregoing factors could adversely affect the financial condition of our retail tenants, the willingness of retailers to lease space from us, and the success of our Placemaking, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
The loss of one or more members of our senior management team could adversely affect our ability to manage our business and to implement our growth strategies or could create a negative perception in the capital markets.
Our success and our ability to implement and manage anticipated future growth depend, in large part, upon the efforts of our senior management team. Members of our senior management team have national or regional industry reputations that attract business and investment opportunities and assist us in negotiations with lenders, existing and potential tenants and other industry participants. The loss of services of one or more members of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain similarly qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business, diminish our investment opportunities and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, existing and prospective tenants and industry participants, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
The actual density of our development pipeline and/or any development parcel may not be consistent with our estimated potential development density.
As of December 31, 2024, we estimate that our 19 assets in our development pipeline will total 11.0 million square feet (8.9 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density. The potential development density estimates for our development pipeline and/or any particular development parcel are based solely on our estimates, using data available to us, and our business plans as of December 31, 2024. The actual density of our development pipeline and/or any development parcel may differ substantially from our estimates based on numerous factors, including our inability to obtain necessary zoning, land use and other required entitlements, legal challenges to our plans by activists and others, as well as building, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations, and changes in the entitlement, permitting and authorization processes that restrict or delay our ability to develop, redevelop or use our development pipeline at anticipated density levels. We can provide no assurance that the actual density of our development pipeline and/or any development parcel will be consistent with our estimated potential development density.
The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cybersecurity, or the cybersecurity of our service providers, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, regulatory enforcement and other legal proceedings, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.
A cyber incident is any intentional or unintentional adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information resources and can include unauthorized persons gaining access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupting data or stealing confidential information. The risk of a cyber incident or disruption, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks have increased globally. As our reliance on technology increases, so do the risks posed to our systems - both internal and external. Our primary risks that could directly result from the occurrence of a cyber incident are theft of assets; operational interruption; reputational damage; stolen funds; regulatory enforcement, lawsuits and other legal proceedings; damage to our relationships with our tenants; and private data exposure. A significant and extended disruption could damage our business or reputation, cause a loss of revenue, have an adverse effect on tenant relations, cause an unintended or unauthorized public disclosure, or lead to the misappropriation of proprietary, personally identifying, and confidential information, any of which could result in us incurring significant expenses to resolve these kinds of issues. Although we have implemented processes, procedures and controls to help mitigate the risks associated with a cyber incident, there can be no assurance that these measures will be sufficient for all possible situations. Even security measures that are appropriate, reasonable and/or in accordance with applicable legal requirements may not be sufficient to protect the information we maintain. Unauthorized parties, whether within or outside our company, may disrupt or gain access to our systems, or those of third parties with whom we do business, through human error, misfeasance, fraud, trickery, or other forms of deceit, including break-ins, use of stolen credentials, social engineering, phishing, computer viruses or other malicious codes, and similar means of unauthorized and destructive tampering. We and our third-party providers have been the target of cybersecurity threats and we expect them to continue. As of December 31, 2024, cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. A successful attack on one of our service providers could result in a compromise of our own network, theft of our data, legal obligations or liabilities, deployment of ransomware or a disruption in our supply chain or of services upon which we rely. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted cyber incidents evolve and generally are not recognized until they have been launched against a number of targets. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, making it impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk. If any of the foregoing risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
Pandemics and other health concerns could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Pandemics as well as both future widespread and localized outbreaks of infectious diseases and other health concerns, and the measures taken to prevent the spread or lessen the impact, could cause a material disruption to multifamily and office industry or the economy as a whole. The impacts of such events could be severe and far-reaching, and may impact our operations in several ways. Additionally, pandemic outbreaks could lead governments and other authorities around the
world, including federal, state and local authorities in the United States, to impose new or heightened measures intended to mitigate its spread, including restrictions on freedom of movement and business operations such as issuing guidelines, travel bans, border closings, business closures, quarantine orders, and orders not allowing the collection of rents, rent increases, or eviction of non-paying tenants. In the event of a decline in business activity and demand for real estate transactions, our ability or desire to grow or diversify our portfolio could be affected. Additionally, local and national authorities could extend or re-implement certain measures imposing restrictions on our ability to enforce contractual rental obligations upon our residents and tenants. Unanticipated costs and operating expenses coupled with decreased anticipated and actual revenue as a result of compliance with regulations could negatively impact our business, results of operations, cash flow, and overall financial condition and/or our ability to satisfy certain REIT-related requirements.
The full extent of the impact of a pandemic on our business is largely uncertain and dependent on a number of factors beyond our control, and we are not able to estimate with any degree of certainty the effect a pandemic, or measures intended to curb its spread, could have on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Moreover, many of the other risk factors described herein could be more likely to impact us as a result of a pandemic or measures intended to curb its spread.
Increased focus on our sustainability business values may constrain our business operations, impose additional costs and expose us to new risks that could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our business values integrate environmental sustainability, social responsibility and strong governance practices throughout our organization-these types of matters have become increasingly important to investors and other stakeholders. Some investors may use these factors to determine their investment strategies, while current and potential employees and business partners may consider these factors when considering relationships with us. Certain organizations that provide corporate risk and corporate governance advisory services to investors have developed scores and ratings to evaluate companies based upon these metrics, and investors may consider a company's score as a factor in making an investment decision. There can be no assurance that our focus on our sustainability business values will be well regarded by investors, particularly since the criteria by which companies are rated for their sustainability efforts may change. Additionally, focus and activism related to sustainability matters may constrain our business operations or increase expenses, and we may face reputational damage if our corporate responsibility initiatives do not meet the standards set by various constituencies, including those of third-party providers of corporate responsibility ratings and reports. A low sustainability score could result in a negative perception of us, exclusion of our securities from consideration by certain investors and/or cause investors to reallocate their capital away from us, each of which could have an adverse impact on the price of our securities.
As we continue to integrate environmental sustainability, social responsibility and strong governance practices throughout our organization, we could also be criticized for the scope or nature of our initiatives or goals. We could also encounter reactions from governmental actors (such as anti-environmental, social and governance legislation or retaliatory legislative treatment), tenants and residents, that could have a material adverse effect on us.
We face risks related to multifamily rental antitrust, regulatory scrutiny and related litigation.
Lawsuits, government investigations and proposed legislation relating to antitrust matters in the multifamily rental market are ongoing and may impact us, whether or not we are found directly liable for an antitrust violation. For example, in November 2023, the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia against RealPage, Inc., a provider of revenue management systems, numerous multifamily rental companies, and 14 owners and/or operators of multifamily housing in the District of Columbia, including JBG Associates, L.L.C., one of our subsidiaries, alleging that the defendants violated the District of Columbia Antitrust Act by unlawfully agreeing to use RealPage, Inc. revenue management systems and sharing sensitive data. While we intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit, given the current stage of the District of Columbia’s lawsuit, we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from the lawsuit. We are also aware that governmental investigations regarding antitrust matters in the multifamily industry are ongoing. Individual classes, municipalities other than the District of Columbia or federal agencies may also bring suits against multifamily rental providers. Regardless of whether we remain named in the District of Columbia lawsuit or any other lawsuits or become the focus of any governmental investigation, we may incur substantial costs related to these lawsuits, whether as a defendant or as a third-party witness. Additionally,
settlements by RealPage, Inc. or other defendants in such cases could impact the multifamily industry in ways that have an adverse effect on us. Moreover, if state and/or federal legislation regulating the use of third-party algorithmic revenue management systems by multifamily apartment rental companies is passed, the impact to us is difficult to predict. Lawsuits, government investigations and new legislation related to antitrust matters may, among other things, be costly to comply with, result in negative publicity, require significant management time and attention and subject us to remedies or burdensome requirements that adversely affect our business.
We face risks related to the real estate industry.
We are subject to significant risks related to the real estate industry, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. These include, among other things:
● The value of real estate fluctuates depending on conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. Additionally, adverse changes in these conditions may result in a decline in rental revenue, sales proceeds and occupancy levels at our assets and adversely impact our revenue and cash flows. If rental revenue, sales proceeds and/or occupancy levels decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available to pay indebtedness and for distribution to shareholders. In addition, some of our major expenses, including mortgage loan payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs generally do not decline when the related rents decline.
● The cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads, and our inability or the inability of our tenants to timely refinance maturing liabilities to meet liquidity needs may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, mortgage loan obligations expose us to risk of foreclosure and the loss of properties subject to such obligations.
● It may be difficult to buy and sell real estate quickly, or we or potential buyers of our assets may experience difficulty in obtaining financing, which may limit our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Additionally, we may be unable to identify, negotiate, finance or consummate acquisitions of properties, or acquire properties on favorable terms, or at all.
● The composition of our portfolio by asset type is likely to continue to change over time, which could expose us to different asset class risks than if our portfolio composition remained static or cause certain risks within an asset class to become more or less important as our composition changes, and we may be adversely affected by trends in the asset classes we currently own.
● We may not be able to control the operating expenses associated with our properties, which include real estate taxes, insurance, loan payments, maintenance, and costs of compliance with governmental regulation, or our operating expenses may remain constant or increase, even if our revenue does not increase, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
● Macroeconomic trends, including increases in inflation and interest rates, could have a material adverse effect on us, as well as our tenants, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
● We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space or re-let space as leases expire, or do so on favorable terms, which could have a material adverse effect on us. As of December 31, 2024, leases representing 13.5% of our share of the office and retail square footage in our Operating Portfolio were scheduled to expire in 2025 or have month-to-month terms, 4.4% were scheduled to expire in 2026, and 22.1% of our share of the office and retail square footage in our Operating Portfolio was unoccupied and not generating rent. We may find it necessary to make rent or other concessions and/or significant capital expenditures to improve our assets to retain and attract tenants.
● We may be unable to maintain or increase our occupancy and revenue at certain multifamily, commercial and other assets due to an increase in supply, more favorable terms offered by competitors, and/or deterioration in our markets.
● Increased affordability of residential homes and other competition for tenants of our multifamily properties could affect our ability to retain current residents of our multifamily properties, attract new ones or increase or maintain rents, which could adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition.
● We may from time to time be subject to litigation, which may significantly divert the attention of our officers and/or trustees and result in defense costs, settlements, fines or judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be, covered by insurance, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.
● We own leasehold interests in certain land on which some of our assets are located. If we default under the terms of any of these ground leases, we may be liable for damages and could lose our leasehold interest in the property or our option to purchase the underlying fee interest in such asset. In addition, unless we purchase the underlying fee interests in the land on which a particular property is located, in the future, we will lose our right to operate the property or we will continue to operate it at much lower profitability, which would significantly adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, if we are perceived to have breached the terms of a ground lease, the fee owner may initiate proceedings to terminate the lease.
● Our assets may be subject to impairment losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
● Climate change, including rising sea levels, flooding, prolonged periods of extreme temperature or other extreme weather, and changes in precipitation and temperature, may result in physical damage to, or a total loss of, our assets located in areas affected by these conditions, including those in low-lying areas close to sea level, such as National Landing, and/or decreases in demand, rent from, or the value of those assets. In addition, we may incur material costs to protect these assets, including increases in our insurance premiums as a result of the threat of climate change, or the effects of climate change may not be covered by our insurance policies. Furthermore, changes in federal and state legislation and regulations on climate change could result in increased utility expenses and/or increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions of our properties in order to comply with such regulations or result in fines for non-compliance. Any of the foregoing could have a material and adverse effect on us.
We may incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws, and environmental contamination may impair our ability to lease, develop and/or sell real estate.
Our operations and assets, and the operations of our tenants, are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. The cost to comply with such requirements may be significant and if we fail to comply with such requirements, we could be subject to significant fines. Moreover, environmental requirements have and may continue to become increasingly stringent, and our costs or operating restrictions may increase as a result. Under some environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate, clean up, or remediate hazardous or toxic substances and petroleum products released at or from that property, or to pay for the costs of the same. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, natural resources damages, or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused such release, and the liability may be joint and several. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may (i) expose us to third-party liability (e.g., for cleanup costs, natural resource damages, bodily injury or property damage), (ii) subject our properties to liens in favor of the government for damages and costs the government incurs in connection with the contamination, (iii) result in restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used or businesses may be operated, or (iv) impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. To the extent we arrange for contaminated materials to be sent to other locations for treatment or disposal, we may be liable for cleanup of those sites if they become contaminated, without regard to whether we complied with environmental laws in doing so. Other laws and regulations require proper management and maintenance of any known or presumed asbestos-containing materials, can require their abatement or removal in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling, and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. In addition, the maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. We may be subject to similar liabilities for activities of our predecessor companies conducted in the past. We could incur fines for environmental noncompliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure at or from our assets. Most of our assets have been subjected to varying degrees of environmental assessment at various times. To date, these environmental assessments have not revealed any environmental condition material to our business. However, we cannot give assurance that these environmental assessments have revealed all potential environmental liabilities, and identification of new compliance concerns or undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination,
human exposure to contamination or changes in cleanup or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to us or operating restrictions on our properties. In addition, we may become subject to costs or taxes, or increases therein, associated with natural resource or energy usage (such as a "carbon tax"). These costs or taxes could increase our operating costs and decrease the cash available to pay our obligations or distribute to equity holders.
Risks Related to the Capital Markets and Related Activities
We face risks related to our common shares.
These risks include, among other things, the risk that an economic downturn or a deterioration in the capital markets may materially affect the value of our equity securities; the absence of any guarantee or certainty regarding the timing, amount, or payment of future dividends on our common shares; the risk of dilution of ownership in our company due to certain actions taken by us; the risk that future offerings of debt or preferred equity securities, which would be senior to our common shares upon liquidation, and in the case of preferred equity securities may be senior to our common shares for purposes of dividend distributions or upon liquidation, may adversely affect the per share trading price of our common shares; the risk that our repurchase program may result in our shares being less liquid than they have been in the past; and the risk that the announcement of a material change may result in a rapid and significant decline in the price of our common shares. If any of the foregoing risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, and our debt agreements include restrictive covenants and other requirements, which may limit our financial and operating activities, our future acquisition and development activities, or otherwise affect our financial condition.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $2.6 billion aggregate principal amount of consolidated debt outstanding, and our unconsolidated real estate ventures had $235.0 million aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding ($68.0 million at our share), resulting in a total of $2.7 billion aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding at our share. A portion of our outstanding debt is guaranteed by JBG SMITH LP. Our cash flow from operations may be insufficient to meet our required debt service and payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash resources to operate our assets or to pay the dividends currently contemplated. Additionally, our debt agreements include customary restrictive covenants, that, among other things, restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, to engage in material asset sales, mergers, consolidations and acquisitions, and to make capital expenditures, and some of our debt agreements also include requirements to maintain financial ratios. Our ability to borrow is subject to compliance with these and other covenants, and failure to comply with our covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt instrument, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources or give possession of a property to the lender. Any of the foregoing could affect our ability to obtain additional funds as needed, or on favorable terms, which could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to meet operational needs or to finance our future acquisition and development activities.
We may not be able to obtain capital to make investments and/or obtaining that capital could fundamentally change the composition of our portfolio.
We are primarily dependent on external capital to fund the expected growth of our business. Our access to debt or equity capital depends on the willingness of third parties to lend or make equity investments and on conditions in the capital markets generally. There can be no assurance that new capital will be available or available on acceptable terms.
Our future plans, including share repurchases and development, are capital intensive. We anticipate funding these plans through asset sales, real estate ventures with third parties, recapitalizations of assets, and public or private securities offerings, or a combination thereof. To the extent we dispose of assets to fund our development and investment plans, we may dispose of multifamily, commercial, and/or retail assets as well as land, but expect, in the current environment, to source liquidity from our multifamily assets in Washington, D.C. Depending on the type of assets we sell and extent of these sales, the composition of our portfolio could change significantly such that we may no longer be a mixed-asset real estate company, and depending on the resulting proportion of our office to multifamily assets, our portfolio may be viewed less favorably by investors and the capital markets, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to continue to raise capital to fund our business. Our development and investment plans may also require a significant amount of debt financing which subjects us to additional risks, such as rising interest rates. For information about our available sources of funds, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources" and the notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein.
The liquidity of our common shares may decline as a result of our continued repurchase of our common shares.
Since launching our share repurchase program in 2020 through December 31, 2024, we have repurchased and retired 56.8 million common shares, which is 38% of the common shares and OP units outstanding as of December 31, 2019, for $1.1 billion, a weighted average purchase price per share of $19.87. In February 2025, our Board of Trustees increased our common share repurchase authorization from $1.5 billion to $2.0 billion. As a result of these repurchases, the ability of holders of common shares to buy and sell their common shares may have declined and may continue to decline as a result of future repurchases.
We are subject to interest rate risk, which could increase our interest expense, increase the cost to refinance and increase the cost of issuing new debt.
As of December 31, 2024, $672.3 million of our outstanding consolidated debt was subject to instruments that bear interest at variable rates, and we may continue to incur indebtedness that bears interest at variable interest rates. While some of this debt is protected against interest rate increases above specified rates via interest rate cap agreements, the remainder does not benefit from such arrangements. Further, we may borrow money at variable interest rates in the future without the benefit of associated hedges and caps. With respect to these unhedged amounts, increases in interest rates would increase our interest expense under these instruments, increase the cost of refinancing these instruments or issuing new debt, and adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and make distributions to our shareholders, which could, in turn, adversely affect the market price of our common shares. We may enter into hedging transactions to protect ourselves from the effects of interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt. As of December 31, 2024, our hedging transactions included interest rate cap agreements, which covered $442.0 million of our outstanding consolidated debt, primarily with two counterparties, which also exposes us to counterparty risk. Interest rate hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates, which could reduce the overall returns on our investments. Moreover, there can be no assurance that our hedging arrangements will qualify as highly effective hedges under applicable accounting standards. Furthermore, should we desire to terminate a hedging agreement, there could be significant costs and cash requirements. Additionally, we are required to maintain interest rate cap agreements under certain of our variable rate debt agreements. Renewing, extending or entering into new interest rate cap agreements in a rising and volatile interest rate environment may cause us to incur significant upfront costs. Finally, the REIT provisions of the Code impose certain restrictions on our ability to use hedges, swaps and other types of derivatives to hedge our liabilities. Any of the foregoing could increase our interest expense, increase the cost to refinance and increase the cost of issuing new debt.
Risks and Conflicts of Interest Related to Our Organization and Structure
Tax consequences to holders of OP Units upon a sale of certain of our assets may cause the interests of our senior management to differ from your own.
Some holders of OP Units, including some members of our senior management, may suffer different and more adverse tax consequences than holders of our common shares upon the sale of certain of the assets owned by JBG SMITH LP, and therefore these holders may have different objectives regarding the material terms of any sale or refinancing of certain assets, or whether to sell such assets at all.
Certain of our trustees and executive officers may have actual or potential conflicts of interest, including because of their previous or continuing equity interest in, or positions at JBG, including trustees and members of our senior management, who have an ownership interest in the JBG Legacy Funds and own carried interests in certain JBG Legacy Funds and in certain of our real estate ventures that entitle them to receive additional compensation if certain funds or real estate ventures achieve certain return thresholds.
Some of our trustees and executive officers are persons who were employees of JBG, and they own equity interests in certain JBG Legacy Funds and related entities. Ownership of interests in the JBG Legacy Funds and current or past service as a managing member, at JBG, could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest. Certain of the JBG Legacy Funds own the JBG Excluded Assets, which JBG Legacy Funds are owned in part by members of our senior management and certain trustees. In addition, although the asset management and property management fees associated with the JBG Excluded Assets were assigned to us upon completion of the Formation Transaction, the general partner and managing member interests in the JBG Legacy Funds held by former JBG executives (who became members of our management team) and certain trustees were not transferred to us and remain under the control of these individuals. Our management's
time and efforts may be diverted from the management of our assets to management of the JBG Legacy Funds, which could adversely affect the execution of our business plan and our results of operations and cash flow.
Members of our senior management and certain trustees have an ownership interest in the JBG Legacy Funds and own carried interests in each fund and in certain of our real estate ventures that entitle them to receive additional compensation if the fund or real estate venture achieves certain return thresholds. Additionally, in the future, we may elect to assign to certain employees a percentage of third-party fees, carried interests or other equity interests in certain assets, joint ventures or other real estate ventures. As a result, such employees could be incentivized to spend time and effort maximizing the cash flow from the assets being retained by the JBG Legacy Funds or other relevant real estate ventures in which they have an ownership or other interest, including through sales of assets, which may, for example, accelerate payments of the carried interest but would reduce the asset management and other fees that would otherwise be payable to us with respect to the JBG Excluded Assets. These actions could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flow. Other potential conflicts of interest may arise with the JBG Legacy Funds or other relevant real estate ventures if we engage in direct transactions or compete for tenants. For example, we have entered, and in the future may enter into transactions with the JBG Legacy Funds, such as purchasing assets from them. Any such transaction creates a conflict of interest as a result of our management team's interests on both sides of the transaction because we manage the JBG Legacy Funds and because members of our management and Board of Trustees own interests in the general partner or other managing entities of the JBG Legacy Funds. Any of the above-described conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions, which could result in shareholder dilution and limit our ability to sell or refinance such assets.
In the future, we may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in JBG SMITH LP, which may result in shareholder dilution through the issuance of OP Units that may be exchanged for common shares. This acquisition structure may have the effect of, among other things, reducing the amount of tax depreciation we could deduct (as compared to a transaction where we do not inherit the contributor's tax basis but acquire tax basis equal to the value of the consideration exchanged for the property) until the OP Units issued in such transactions are redeemed for cash or converted into common shares. While no such protection arrangements existed as of December 31, 2024, in the future we may agree to protect the contributors' ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of, or refinance the debt on, the acquired properties for specified periods of time. Similarly, we may be required to incur or maintain debt we would otherwise not incur or maintain so that we can allocate the debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell an asset at a time, or on terms that would be favorable absent such restrictions.
Our declaration of trust and bylaws, the partnership agreement of JBG SMITH LP and MGCL, and the Code contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price for our common shares or that our shareholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest.
Our declaration of trust contains ownership limits with respect to our shares. Generally, to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of beneficial interest may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer "individuals" (including some types of entities) at any time during the last half of our taxable year. To address this requirement and other tax considerations, our declaration of trust prohibits, among other things, the actual, beneficial or constructive ownership by any person of more than 7.5% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series, including our common shares. For these purposes, our declaration of trust includes a "group" as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act in the definition of "person." Our Board of Trustees may exempt a person, prospectively or retroactively, from these ownership limits if certain conditions are satisfied, but is not required to grant any exemption. Our Board of Trustees may determine not to grant an exemption even if no adverse tax or REIT qualification consequences would be caused by ownership in excess of the 7.5% ownership limit.
This ownership limit and the other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our shares contained in our declaration of trust may: (i) discourage a tender offer or other transactions or a change in management or of control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or that our shareholders might otherwise believe to be in their best interest; or (ii) result in the transfer of shares acquired in excess of the restrictions to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and, as a result, the forfeiture by the acquirer of the benefits of owning the additional shares.
Additionally, our declaration of trust authorizes the Board of Trustees, without shareholder approval, to establish a class or series of common or preferred shares whose terms could delay, deter or prevent a change in control or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our shareholders. Our declaration of trust and bylaws contain other provisions that may delay, deter or prevent a change of control or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our shareholders.
Provisions of MGCL could inhibit changes in control, which may discourage third parties from conducting a tender offer or seeking other change of control transactions that might involve a premium price for our common shares or that our shareholders might otherwise believe to be in their best interest. Provisions of the MGCL may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of common shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares, including:
● provisions that prohibit business combinations between us and an "interested shareholder," defined generally as any holder or affiliate of any holder who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares, for five years after the most recent date on which the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, and thereafter impose fair price and/or supermajority shareholder voting requirements on these combinations; and
● provisions that provide that a shareholder's "control shares" acquired in a "control share acquisition," as defined in the MGCL, have no voting rights, except to the extent approved by our shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.
As permitted by the MGCL, we have elected to opt out of the business combination and control share provisions of the MGCL. However, we cannot assure you that our Board of Trustees will not opt to be subject to such provisions of the MGCL in the future, including opting to be subject to such provisions retroactively.
The limited partnership agreement of JBG SMITH LP requires the approval of the limited partners with respect to certain extraordinary transactions involving JBG SMITH, which may reduce the likelihood of such transactions being consummated, even if they are in the best interests of, and have been approved by, our shareholders.
The limited partnership agreement of JBG SMITH LP provides that we may not engage in a merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person, a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or a reclassification, recapitalization or a change in outstanding shares (except for changes in par value, or from par value to no par value, or as a result of a subdivision or combination of our common shares), which we refer to collectively as an extraordinary transaction, unless specified criteria are met. In particular, with respect to any extraordinary transaction, if partners will receive consideration for their limited partnership units and if we seek the approval of our shareholders for the transaction (or if we would have been required to obtain shareholder approval of any such extraordinary transaction but for the fact that a tender offer shall have been accepted with respect to a sufficient number of our common shares to permit consummation of such extraordinary transaction without shareholder approval), then the limited partnership agreement prohibits us from engaging in the extraordinary transaction unless we also obtain "partnership approval." To obtain "partnership approval," we must obtain the consent of our limited partners (including us and any limited partners majority owned, directly or indirectly, by us) representing a percentage interest in JBG SMITH LP that is equal to or greater than the percentage of our outstanding common shares required (or that would have been required in the absence of a tender offer) to approve the extraordinary transaction, provided that we and any limited partners majority owned, directly or indirectly, by us will be deemed to have provided consent for our partnership units solely in proportion to the percentage of our common shares approving the extraordinary transaction (or, if there is no shareholder vote with respect to such extraordinary transaction because a tender offer shall have been accepted with respect to a sufficient number of our common shares to permit consummation of the extraordinary transaction without shareholder approval, the percentage of our common shares with respect to which such tender offer shall have been accepted). The limited partners of JBG SMITH LP may have interests in an extraordinary transaction that differ from those of common shareholders, and there can be no assurance that, if we are required to seek "partnership approval" for such a transaction, we will be able to obtain it. As a result, if a sufficient number of limited partners oppose such an extraordinary transaction, the limited partnership agreement may prohibit us from consummating it, even if it is in the best interests of, and has been approved by, our shareholders.
Substantially all our assets are owned by subsidiaries. We depend on dividends and distributions from these subsidiaries. The creditors of these subsidiaries are entitled to amounts payable to them by the subsidiaries before the subsidiaries may pay any dividends or other distributions to us.
Substantially all of our assets are held through JBG SMITH LP, which holds substantially all of its assets through wholly owned subsidiaries. JBG SMITH LP's cash flow is dependent on cash distributions to it by its subsidiaries, and in turn, substantially all of our cash flow is dependent on cash distributions to us by JBG SMITH LP. The creditors of each of our subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary's obligations to them when due and payable before distributions may be made by that subsidiary to its equity holders. In addition, the operating agreements governing some of our subsidiaries which are parties to real estate joint ventures may have restrictions on distributions which could limit the ability of those subsidiaries to make distributions to JBG SMITH LP. Thus, JBG SMITH LP's ability to make distributions to holders of its units, including us, depends on its subsidiaries' ability first to satisfy their obligations to their creditors, and then to make distributions to holders of its units. Likewise, our ability to pay dividends depends on JBG SMITH LP's ability first to satisfy its obligations, if any, to its creditors and make distributions payable to holders of preferred units (if any), and then to make distributions to us. In addition, our participation in any distribution of the assets of any of our subsidiaries upon the liquidation, reorganization or insolvency of the subsidiary, occurs only after the claims of the creditors, including trade creditors, and preferred security holders, if any, of the applicable direct or indirect subsidiaries are satisfied.
Our rights and the rights of our shareholders to take action against our trustees and officers are limited.
As permitted by MGCL, under our declaration of trust, trustees and officers shall not be liable to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or a final judgment based upon a finding of active and deliberate dishonesty by the trustee or officer that was material to the cause of action adjudicated. In addition, our declaration of trust and indemnification agreements require us to indemnify our trustees and officers (in some cases, without requiring a preliminary determination of the trustee's or officer's ultimate entitlement to indemnification) for actions taken by them in those and certain other capacities to the maximum extent permitted by MGCL. The Maryland REIT law permits a real estate investment trust to indemnify and advance expenses to its trustees, officers, employees and agents to the same extent as permitted by the MGCL for directors and officers of a Maryland corporation. Generally, MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers except in instances where the person seeking indemnification acted in bad faith or with active and deliberate dishonesty, actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her actions were unlawful. Under MGCL, a Maryland corporation also may not indemnify a director or officer in a suit by or in the right of the corporation in which the director or officer was adjudged liable to the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received. A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct; however, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by us or in our right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses. As a result, we and our shareholders may have more limited rights against our trustees and officers than might otherwise exist. Accordingly, if actions taken in good faith by any of our trustees or officers impede the performance of our company, our shareholder’s ability to recover damages from such trustee or officer will be limited.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
We may fail to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT and may be required to pay income taxes at corporate rates.
Although we believe that we are organized and intend to operate to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may fail to remain so qualified. Qualification and taxation as a REIT are governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Code for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations and depend on various facts and circumstances that are not entirely within our control. If, with respect to any taxable year, we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT and do not qualify under the relevant statutory relief provisions, we would have to pay federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, could not deduct our distributions in determining our taxable income subject to tax, and would possibly also be subject to certain taxes enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 that are applicable to non-REIT corporations, including the nondeductible 1% excise tax on certain stock repurchases. If we had to pay federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to shareholders and pay our indebtedness would be reduced for the year or years involved, and we would not be required to make distributions to shareholders in
that taxable year and in future years until we again were able to qualify as a REIT. In addition, we would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless we were entitled to relief under the relevant statutory provisions. Our REIT status is also dependent upon the REIT qualification of any REIT subsidiary in which we invest.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to execute our business plan or require us to make distributions of our shares or other securities.
For us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our shareholders each year at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. We intend to distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income to our shareholders out of assets legally available therefor. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow. If we do not have other funds available, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices, distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt, or make taxable distributions of our shares to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and avoid corporate income tax and a 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Because amounts distributed will not be available to fund investment activities, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our shares. Restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness or make certain distributions could preclude us from meeting the 90% distribution requirement. Consequently, there can be no assurance that we will be able to make distributions at the anticipated distribution rate or any other rate.
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in "prohibited transactions" may limit our ability to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A REIT's net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we and our subsidiary REITs believe that we have held, and intend to continue to hold, our properties for investment and do not intend to hold directly (rather than through taxable corporate subsidiaries) any properties that could be characterized as held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business, such characterization is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the IRS would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available statutory safe harbor. In the case of some of our properties held through partnerships with third parties, our ability to control the disposition of such properties in a manner that avoids the imposition of the prohibited transactions tax depends in part on the action of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence.
To comply with the restrictions imposed on REITs, we may have to conduct certain activities and own certain assets through a TRS, which will be subject to normal corporate income tax, and we could be subject to a 100% penalty tax if our transactions with our TRSs are not conducted on arm's length terms.
A TRS is an entity taxed as a corporation in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock and which has elected with the REIT to be treated as a TRS of the REIT and which is taxable as a regular corporation, at regular corporate income tax rates. As a REIT, we cannot own certain assets or conduct certain activities directly, without risking failing the income or asset tests that apply to REITs. We can, however, hold these assets or undertake these activities through a TRS. For example, we generally cannot provide certain non-customary services to our tenants, and we cannot derive income from a third party that provides such services. If we forego providing such services to our tenants, we may be at a disadvantage to competitors who are not subject to the same restrictions. Accordingly, we provide such non-customary services to our tenants and share in the revenue from such services through our TRSs. As noted, the income earned through our TRSs will be subject to corporate income taxes. In addition, a 100% excise tax will be imposed on certain transactions between us and our TRSs that are not conducted on an arm's length basis.
Changes in tax laws could negatively impact us.
U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs and the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended at any time, potentially with retroactive effect. Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws, including the possibility of major tax legislation, could have a material and adverse effect on us or our shareholders. We cannot predict whether, when, to
what extent or with what effective dates new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be issued. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the U.S. federal tax laws on an investment in our shares.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They represent our intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our future results, financial condition and business may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as "approximates," "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "plans," "would," "may" or other similar expressions in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In particular, information included under "Business," "Risk Factors," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contains forward-looking statements. Many of the factors that will determine the outcome of these and our other forward-looking statements are beyond our ability to control or predict. Such factors include:
● the economic health and public safety climate of the greater Washington Metro region and our geographic concentration therein, particularly our concentration in National Landing;
● decreases in demand for office space in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, particularly with respect to our two largest tenants, Amazon and the federal government;
● the amount and timing of Amazon’s investments in National Landing and revenue we receive from them currently and may receive in the future;
● whether any or all of the other three demand drivers discussed above will fail to materialize;
● reductions in or actual or threatened changes to the timing of federal government spending;
● changes in general political, regulatory, economic, public safety and competitive conditions and specific market conditions;
● the risks associated with real estate development and redevelopment, including unanticipated expenses, delays and other contingencies;
● the risks associated with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate in general and our real estate assets in particular;
● the ability to control our operating expenses;
● the risks related to co-investments in real estate ventures and partnerships, including the ability to source joint venture capital for our development pipeline;
● the ability to renew leases, lease vacant space, re-let space as leases expire, or strategically take buildings out of service, and to do so on favorable terms;
● the economic health of our tenants;
● fluctuations in interest rates;
● the liquidity of our common shares;
● the supply of competing properties and competition in the real estate industry generally;
● the availability and terms of financing and capital and the general volatility of securities markets;
● the risks associated with mortgage loans and other indebtedness;
● compliance with applicable laws, including those concerning the environment and access by persons with disabilities;
● the ability to meet certain environmental targets;
● increased investor and government focus and activism (both positive and negative) related to sustainability and social responsibility matters;
● terrorist attacks, acts of violence and the occurrence of cyber incidents or system failures;
● the ability to maintain key personnel;
● failure to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT and the risks of changes in laws affecting REITs; and
● other factors discussed under the caption "Risk Factors."
For a further discussion of factors that could materially affect the outcome of our forward-looking statements, see "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For these forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the date of any document incorporated by reference. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
There are no unresolved comments from the staff of the SEC as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Note on presentation of "at share" information. We present certain financial information and metrics "at JBG SMITH Share," which is calculated on an entity-by-entity basis, but exclude our 10.0% subordinated interest in one commercial building and our 33.5% subordinated interest in four commercial buildings, as well as the associated non-recourse mortgage loans, held through unconsolidated real estate ventures; these interests and debt are excluded because our investment in each real estate venture is zero, we do not anticipate receiving any near-term cash flow distributions from the real estate ventures, and we have not guaranteed their obligations or otherwise committed to providing financial support. "At JBG SMITH Share" information, which we also refer to as being "at share," "our pro rata share" or "our share," is not, and is not intended to be, a presentation in accordance with GAAP. Because as of December 31, 2024, 6.3% of our assets, as measured by total square feet, was held through real estate ventures in which we own less than 100% of the ownership interest, we believe this form of presentation, which includes our economic interests in the unconsolidated real estate ventures, provides investors important information regarding a significant component of our portfolio, its composition, performance and capitalization. We classify our portfolio as "operating," "under-construction," or "development pipeline."
The following tables provide information about our multifamily, commercial and development pipeline portfolios as of December 31, 2024. Many of our assets in the development pipeline are adjacent to or an integrated component of operating multifamily or commercial assets in our portfolio. A number of our assets included in the following tables are held through real estate ventures with third parties or are subject to ground leases. In addition to other information, the following tables indicate our percentage ownership, whether the asset is consolidated or unconsolidated, and whether the asset is subject to a ground lease.
Multifamily Assets
Number
Total
Multifamily
%
Same Store (2):
of
Square
%
%
Retail %
Multifamily Assets
Ownership
C/U (1)
YTD 2023-2024
Units
Feet
Leased
Occupied
Occupied
National Landing
RiverHouse Apartments
100.0
%
C
Y
1,676
1,326,219
96.9%
95.9%
100.0%
The Bartlett
100.0
%
C
Y
619,372
96.8%
94.7%
100.0%
220 20th Street
100.0
%
C
Y
271,476
97.0%
95.8%
100.0%
2221 S. Clark Street - Residential
100.0
%
C
Y
96,948
61.1%
53.6%
-
D.C.
West Half
100.0
%
C
Y
385,372
94.4%
92.3%
90.7%
The Wren
100.0
%
C
Y
332,682
95.4%
93.5%
100.0%
The Batley
100.0
%
C
Y
300,388
97.0%
96.1%
-
WestEnd25
100.0
%
C
Y
273,264
97.2%
95.8%
-
RST Residences
100.0
%
C
Y
270,928
94.9%
93.5%
100.0%
Atlantic Plumbing
100.0
%
C
Y
245,228
96.8%
94.5%
97.3%
1221 Van Street
100.0
%
C
Y
225,592
96.3%
93.8%
100.0%
901 W Street
100.0
%
C
Y
154,379
94.7%
95.0%
74.5%
900 W Street
100.0
%
C
Y
71,050
82.1%
33.7%
-
MD
8001 Woodmont (4)
100.0
%
C
Y
363,947
94.1%
93.2%
100.0%
Total / Weighted Average (3)
5,973
4,936,845
96.2%
94.8%
96.0%
Recently Delivered
National Landing
Reva
100.0
%
C
N
324,188
65.5%
62.6%
27.9%
The Grace
100.0
%
C
N
311,903
71.8%
66.2%
66.8%
Total / Weighted Average
636,091
68.6%
64.1%
52.9%
Operating - Total / Weighted Average (3)
6,781
5,572,936
92.9%
91.0%
90.0%
Under-Construction
National Landing
2000/2001 South Bell Street
100.0
%
C
580,966
Total
7,556
6,153,902
Totals at JBG SMITH Share (3)
National Landing
2,856
2,314,015
96.9%
95.6%
100.0%
D.C.
2,795
2,258,883
95.8%
94.2%
94.5%
MD
363,947
94.1%
93.2%
100.0%
In-service assets
5,973
4,936,845
96.2%
94.8%
96.0%
Recently delivered assets
636,091
68.6%
64.1%
52.9%
Operating - Total / Weighted Average
6,781
5,572,936
92.9%
91.0%
90.0%
Under-construction assets
580,966
Note: At 100% share, unless otherwise noted.
(1) "C" denotes a consolidated interest and "U" denotes an unconsolidated interest.
(2) "Y" denotes an asset as same store and "N" denotes an asset as non-same store.
(3) 2221 S. Clark Street - Residential and 900 W Street are excluded from percent leased and percent occupied metrics as they are operated as short-term rental properties.
(4) Classified as held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024.
Commercial Assets
Total
%
Same Store (2):
Square
%
Office %
Retail %
Commercial Assets
Ownership
C/U (1)
YTD 2023-2024
Feet
Leased
Occupied
Occupied
National Landing
1550 Crystal Drive (3)
100.0
%
C
Y
554,888
89.2%
86.7%
99.7%
2121 Crystal Drive
100.0
%
C
Y
509,869
68.6%
68.3%
100.0%
2345 Crystal Drive
100.0
%
C
Y
499,635
47.3%
46.7%
74.3%
2231 Crystal Drive
100.0
%
C
Y
468,371
75.2%
72.5%
97.4%
2011 Crystal Drive
100.0
%
C
Y
441,057
68.0%
57.0%
-
2451 Crystal Drive
100.0
%
C
Y
402,375
84.0%
83.8%
92.6%
241 18th Street S. (3)
100.0
%
C
Y
334,091
89.9%
89.9%
-
201 12th Street S.
100.0
%
C
Y
329,687
97.0%
96.8%
100.0%
251 18th Street S. (3)
100.0
%
C
Y
300,319
99.0%
90.9%
53.2%
1901 South Bell Street
100.0
%
C
Y
274,912
32.2%
32.2%
-
1770 Crystal Drive
100.0
%
C
Y
273,787
98.3%
100.0%
67.8%
200 12th Street S.
100.0
%
C
Y
202,761
52.8%
52.8%
-
Crystal Drive Retail (3)
100.0
%
C
Y
42,938
90.1%
-
90.1%
1235 S. Clark Street
100.0
%
C
Y
384,674
73.4%
69.9%
97.8%
1215 S. Clark Street
100.0
%
C
Y
336,159
99.6%
100.0%
44.5%
1225 S. Clark Street
100.0
%
C
Y
276,223
98.4%
99.2%
80.9%
Other
800 North Glebe Road
100.0
%
C
Y
305,006
83.0%
82.1%
92.4%
One Democracy Plaza (4) (5)
100.0
%
C
Y
213,171
87.0%
86.9%
100.0%
4747 Bethesda Avenue (6)
20.0
%
U
Y
300,535
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1101 17th Street
55.0
%
U
Y
210,134
80.8%
80.0%
82.8%
Operating - Total / Weighted Average
6,660,592
79.4%
77.4%
91.5%
Operating - Total / Weighted Average at JBG SMITH Share
6,325,604
78.6%
76.5%
91.4%
Note: At 100% share, unless otherwise noted.
(1) "C" denotes a consolidated interest and "U" denotes an unconsolidated interest.
(2) "Y" denotes an asset as same store and "N" denotes an asset as non-same store.
(3) The following assets contain space that is held for development or not otherwise available for lease. This out-of-service square footage is excluded from square feet, leased and occupancy metrics in the above table.
Not Available
Commercial Asset
In-Service
for Lease
1550 Crystal Drive
554,888
4,281
241 18th Street S.
334,091
28,308
251 18th Street S.
300,319
39,211
Crystal Drive Retail *
42,938
86,242
2221 S. Clark Street - Office
-
35,182
* Includes 72,215 SF of not available to lease space from the asset formerly known as Crystal City Shops at 2100.
(4) Asset is subject to a ground lease through 2084, where we are the lessee.
(5) Not Metro-served.
(6) Includes our corporate office lease for approximately 84,400 square feet.
Development Pipeline
Estimated
%
Estimated Potential Development Density (SF)
Number of
Asset
Ownership
Total
Multifamily
Office
Retail
Units
National Landing
1415 S. Eads Street
100.0%
538,000
533,800
-
4,200
3330 Exchange Avenue
50.0%
239,800
216,400
-
23,400
3331 Exchange Avenue
50.0%
180,600
164,300
-
16,300
RiverHouse Land
100.0%
2,046,900
2,020,500
-
26,400
1,515
Potomac Yard Landbay F/G/H
50.0% / 100.0%
1,846,000
944,000
844,000
58,000
2250 Crystal Drive
100.0%
696,200
681,300
-
14,900
2100/2200 Crystal Drive Land
100.0%
565,000
565,000
-
-
223 23rd Street
100.0%
492,100
484,100
-
8,000
2525 Crystal Drive
100.0%
373,000
370,000
-
3,000
1901 South Bell Street Land (1)
100.0%
265,000
265,000
-
-
101 12th Street S.
100.0%
239,600
-
234,400
5,200
-
1800 South Bell Street
100.0%
311,000
-
307,000
4,000
-
D.C.
Gallaudet Parcel 2-3 (2)
100.0%
819,100
758,200
-
60,900
Gallaudet Parcel 4 (2)
100.0%
644,200
605,200
-
39,000
Capitol Point - North
100.0%
451,400
434,100
-
17,300
Other Development Parcels (3)
1,248,100
142,200
1,105,900
-
-
Total
10,956,000
8,184,100
2,491,300
280,600
7,700
Totals at JBG SMITH Share
National Landing
6,807,100
5,729,100
963,400
114,600
5,235
D.C.
2,107,000
1,840,200
149,600
117,200
1,935
8,914,100
7,569,300
1,113,000
231,800
7,170
Note: At 100% share, unless otherwise noted.
(1) Currently encumbered by an operating commercial asset.
(2) Controlled through an option to acquire a leasehold interest.
(3) Comprises four assets in which we have a minority interest.
Major Tenants
The following table sets forth information for our 10 largest tenants by annualized rent for the year ended December 31, 2024:
At JBG SMITH Share
Annualized
% of Total
Number of
Square
% of Total
Rent
Annualized
Tenant
Leases
Feet
Square Feet
(In thousands)
Rent
GSA
1,479,379
28.8
%
$
57,696
25.2
%
Amazon
357,339
7.0
%
16,622
7.2
%
Lockheed Martin Corporation
207,095
4.0
%
10,276
4.5
%
Accenture Federal Services LLC
123,706
2.4
%
5,635
2.5
%
Public Broadcasting Service
120,328
2.3
%
5,099
2.2
%
Whole Foods Market Group Inc
98,625
1.9
%
3,857
1.7
%
American Diabetes Association
80,998
1.6
%
3,818
1.7
%
Booz Allen Hamilton Inc
69,328
1.3
%
3,427
1.5
%
National Consumer Cooperative
65,736
1.3
%
3,310
1.4
%
SAIC
62,963
1.2
%
3,147
1.4
%
Total
2,665,497
51.8
%
$
112,887
49.3
%
Note: Includes all leases as of December 31, 2024 for which a tenant has taken occupancy for office and retail space within our Operating Portfolio.
Lease Expirations
The following table sets forth as of December 31, 2024 the scheduled expirations of tenant leases in our Operating Portfolio for each year from 2025 through 2033 and thereafter:
At JBG SMITH Share
% of
% of
Annualized
Total
Annualized
Number of
Square
Total
Rent (1)
Annualized
Rent Per
Year of Lease Expiration
Leases
Feet
Square Feet
(In thousands)
Rent
Square Foot (1)
Month-to-Month
209,018
4.1
%
$
8,556
3.7
%
$
40.93
482,812
9.4
%
21,807
9.5
%
45.17
227,098
4.4
%
11,385
5.0
%
50.13
534,998
10.4
%
25,776
11.2
%
48.18
386,841
7.5
%
18,004
7.8
%
46.54
242,552
4.7
%
11,370
5.0
%
46.87
603,032
11.7
%
29,194
12.7
%
48.41
561,912
10.9
%
21,661
9.4
%
38.55
651,033
12.7
%
26,138
11.4
%
40.15
344,046
6.7
%
14,964
6.5
%
49.07
Thereafter
896,786
17.5
%
40,533
17.8
%
45.20
Total / Weighted Average
5,140,128
100.0
%
$
229,388
100.0
%
$
44.97
Note: Includes all leases as of December 31, 2024 for which a tenant has taken occupancy for office and retail space within our Operating Portfolio and assuming no exercise of renewal options or early termination rights. The weighted average remaining lease term for the entire portfolio is 5.8 years.
(1) Annualized rent and annualized rent per square foot exclude percentage rent and the square footage of tenants that only pay percentage rent.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In November 2023, the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia against RealPage, Inc., a provider of revenue management systems, numerous multifamily rental companies, and 14 owners and/or operators of multifamily housing in the District of Columbia, including JBG Associates, L.L.C., one of our subsidiaries, alleging that the defendants violated the District of Columbia Antitrust Act by unlawfully agreeing to use RealPage, Inc. revenue management systems and sharing sensitive data. While we intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit, given the current stage of the District of Columbia’s lawsuit, we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from the lawsuit. While we do not believe that these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, we cannot give assurance that the proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the event of a negative outcome.
There are various other legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information and Dividends
Our common shares trade under the symbol "JBGS." On February 14, 2025, there were 763 holders of record of our common shares. This number does not reflect individuals or other entities who hold their shares in "street name."
Dividends declared for the year ended December 31, 2024, totaled $0.875 per common share (five distributions of $0.175 per common share). Dividends declared for the year ended December 31, 2023, totaled $0.675 per common share (quarterly dividends of $0.225 per common share for the first three quarters of 2023). Dividends declared for the year ended December 31, 2022, totaled $0.90 per common share (quarterly dividends of $0.225 per common share). Future dividends will be declared at the discretion of our Board of Trustees and will depend upon cash generated by our operating activities, our financial condition, capital requirements, annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code and such other factors as our Board of Trustees deems relevant. To qualify for the beneficial tax treatment accorded to REITs under the Code, we are currently required to make distributions to holders of our shares in an amount equal to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income as defined in Section 857 of the Code.
The annual distribution amounts are different from dividends as calculated for federal income tax purposes. Distributions to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for federal income tax purposes generally will be taxable to a shareholder as ordinary dividend income. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a nontaxable reduction of the shareholder's basis in the shareholder's shares, to the extent thereof, and thereafter as taxable capital gain. Distributions that are treated as a reduction of the shareholder's basis in its shares will have the effect of increasing the amount of gain, or reducing the amount of loss, recognized upon the sale of the shareholder's shares. No assurances can be given regarding what portion, if any, of distributions in 2025 or subsequent years will constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes. During a year in which a REIT earns a net long-term capital gain, the REIT can elect under Section 857(b)(3) of the Code to designate a portion of dividends paid to shareholders as capital gain dividends. If this election is made, the capital gain dividends are generally taxable to the shareholder as long-term capital gains.
Performance Graph
This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
The graph below compares the cumulative total return of our common shares, the S&P MidCap 400 Index and the FTSE Nareit Equity Office Index, from December 31, 2019, through December 31, 2024. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2019 in our common shares and in each of the foregoing indexes and assumes reinvestment of dividends, as applicable. We have included the FTSE Nareit Equity Office Index because we believe that it is representative of the industry in which we compete and is relevant to an assessment of our performance. There can be no assurance that the performance of our shares will continue in line with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below.
12/31/2019
12/31/2020
12/31/2021
12/31/2022
12/31/2023
12/31/2024
JBG SMITH Properties
100.00
80.78
76.41
52.69
49.46
47.23
S&P MidCap 400 Index
100.00
113.66
141.80
123.28
143.54
163.54
FTSE Nareit Equity Office Index
100.00
81.56
99.51
62.07
63.34
76.95
Sales of Unregistered Shares
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we did not sell any unregistered securities.
Repurchases of Equity Securities
The following is a summary of common shares repurchased:
Period
Total Number Of Common Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid Per Common Share
Total Number Of Common Shares Purchased As Part Of Publicly Announced Plans Or Programs
Approximate Dollar Value Of Common Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan Or Programs
October 1, 2024 - October 31, 2024
-
$
-
-
$
372,862,091
November 1, 2024 - November 30, 2024
153,843
15.58
153,843
370,462,409
December 1, 2024 - December 31, 2024
-
-
-
370,462,409
Total for the three months ended December 31, 2024
153,843
15.58
153,843
Total for the year ended December 31, 2024
10,927,343
15.60
10,927,343
Program total since inception in March 2020 (1)
56,801,346
19.87
56,801,346
(1) During the first quarter of 2025, through February 14, 2025, we repurchased and retired 2.1 million common shares for $32.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.15, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
In June 2022, our Board of Trustees authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of our outstanding common shares, and in May 2023, increased the authorized repurchase amount to $1.5 billion. In February 2025, our Board of Trustees increased our common share repurchase authorization to $2.0 billion. Purchases under the program are made either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined by us at our discretion and will be subject to economic and market conditions, share price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at our discretion without prior notice.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Information regarding equity compensation plans is presented in Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion is intended to provide material information relevant to our financial condition and results of operations, including cash flows, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Organization and Basis of Presentation
JBG SMITH, a Maryland real estate investment trust, owns, operates and develops mixed-use properties concentrated in amenity-rich, Metro-served submarkets in and around Washington, D.C., most notably National Landing, that we believe have long-term growth potential and appeal to residential, office and retail tenants. Through an intense focus on placemaking, JBG SMITH cultivates vibrant, highly amenitized, walkable neighborhoods throughout the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Approximately 75.0% of our holdings are in the National Landing submarket in Northern Virginia, which is anchored by four key demand drivers: Amazon's headquarters; Virginia Tech's $1 billion Innovation Campus; proximity to the Pentagon; and our placemaking initiatives and public infrastructure improvements. In addition, our third-
party real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services. Substantially all our assets are held by, and our operations are conducted through, JBG SMITH LP.
We were organized for the purpose of receiving, via the spin-off on July 17, 2017, substantially all the assets and liabilities of Vornado's Washington, D.C. segment. On July 18, 2017, we acquired the management business and certain assets and liabilities of JBG.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under sections 856-860 of the Code. Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as dividends to its shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income which is distributed to its shareholders. We currently adhere and intend to continue to adhere to these requirements and to maintain our REIT status in future periods.
As a REIT, we can reduce our taxable income by distributing all or a portion of such taxable income to shareholders. Future distributions will be declared and paid at the discretion of the Board of Trustees and will depend upon cash generated by operating activities, our financial condition, capital requirements, annual dividend requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code, and such other factors as our Board of Trustees deems relevant.
We also participate in the activities conducted by our subsidiary entities that have elected to be treated as TRSs under the Code. As such, we are subject to federal, state, and local taxes on the income from these activities. Income taxes attributable to our TRSs are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future.
Our three operating and reportable segments are multifamily, commercial and third-party real estate services.
We compete with many property owners and developers. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends affecting national and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants, the availability and cost of capital, interest rates, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations and legislation, population trends, zoning laws, and our ability to lease, sublease or sell our assets at profitable levels. Our success is also subject to our ability to refinance existing debt on acceptable terms as it comes due.
Overview
As of December 31, 2024, our Operating Portfolio consisted of 38 operating assets comprising 16 multifamily assets totaling 6,781 units (6,781 units at our share), 20 commercial assets totaling 6.7 million square feet (6.3 million square feet at our share) and two wholly owned land assets for which we are the ground lessor. Additionally, we have one under-construction multifamily asset with 775 units (775 units at our share) and 19 assets in our development pipeline totaling 11.0 million square feet (8.9 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density.
We continue to implement our comprehensive plan to reposition our holdings in National Landing by executing a broad array of Placemaking strategies. Our Placemaking includes the delivery of new multifamily assets, the delivery of redeveloped and new office assets subject to demand therefor, amenity retail, and thoughtful improvements to the streetscape, sidewalks, parks and other outdoor gathering spaces. In keeping with our dedication to Placemaking, each new project is intended to contribute to an authentic and distinct neighborhood by creating a vibrant street environment with robust retail offerings and other amenities, including improved public spaces. To that end, we saw the delivery of two placemaking projects, Water Park and Surreal in 2023. In 2024, we delivered The Grace and Reva with 808 multifamily units and approximately 38,000 square feet of retail space. We expect to deliver 2000/2001 South Bell Street, a 775-unit multifamily asset comprising two towers, Valen and The Zoe with ground floor retail, in 2025. Additionally, in 2024, we started construction on a new office amenity hub at 2011 Crystal Drive that, along with a repositioning of the asset itself, brings a large scale externally managed meeting and conference facility, two elevated food and beverage offerings, and an activated public lobby.
Outlook
A fundamental component of our strategy to maximize long-term NAV per share is thoughtful capital allocation. We evaluate development, disposition, share repurchases and other investment decisions based on how they may impact long-term NAV per share. We intend to continue to opportunistically sell or recapitalize assets (which may be multifamily, commercial and/or retail assets) as well as land sites where a ground lease or joint venture execution may represent the most attractive path to maximizing value. As long as we believe our share price does not reflect the underlying, intrinsic value of our business, as we do now, we expect to continue repurchasing shares through our share repurchase plan (which has a capacity of approximately $838 million as of February 14, 2025) and to fund such repurchases through such asset sales or recapitalizations. In a climate where office assets are near cyclical lows with limited liquidity, we intend in the near term to focus on sourcing liquidity from multifamily assets, specifically our multifamily assets in Washington, D.C. where our holdings are less concentrated. Recycling these assets will also further advance our strategy to concentrate our portfolio in National Landing.
Our in-service multifamily portfolio, which refers to operating assets that are at or above 90% leased or have been operating and collecting rent for more than 12 months as of December 31, 2024, was 94.8% occupied as of December 31, 2024, an increase of 10 basis points as compared to December 31, 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2024, we increased effective rents, which represent the average change in rental rates versus expiring rental rates net of concessions, by 0.8% for new leases and 4.6% upon renewal while achieving a 60.0% renewal rate across our portfolio. Our recently delivered assets, The Grace and Reva, began leasing in January 2024 with move-ins commencing in February 2024 and delivery of all remaining units in the second quarter of 2024, were 68.6% leased as of December 31, 2024. We expect that interest expense will increase as we deliver 2000/2001 South Bell Street and cease capitalizing the related interest.
Our office portfolio occupancy as of December 31, 2024 of 76.5% decreased by 840 basis points as compared to December 31, 2023. Although the office market continues to experience headwinds, we have seen some favorable trends in leasing activity with businesses and the federal government asking employees to return to the office. We anticipate approximately 259,000 square feet (approximately $11.0 million of annualized rent) will be vacated in National Landing in the first half of 2025. Our efforts to re-lease certain spaces will be targeted toward buildings with long-term viability where we can concentrate occupancy. We have taken approximately 618,000 office square feet out of service this year at 1800 South Bell Street, 2100 Crystal Drive and 2200 Crystal Drive. Additionally, we plan to take 1901 South Bell Street, a commercial asset with 274,912 square feet, out of service. With the objective of ultimately reducing our competitive office inventory in National Landing, we expect to help foster a healthier long-term office market while repurposing older, underutilized buildings for redevelopment or conversion to multifamily housing, hospitality or other complimentary uses that will support a vibrant mixed-use environment.
We continue to advance the design and entitlement of our 11.0 million square feet (8.9 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density in our development pipeline and intend to look to source joint venture capital as a means of funding these developments as market conditions permit.
Operating Results
Highlights of operating results for the year ended December 31, 2024 included:
● net loss attributable to common shareholders of $143.5 million, or $1.65 per diluted common share, compared to $80.0 million, or $0.78 per diluted common share, for 2023;
● third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements, of $69.5 million compared to $92.1 million for 2023;
● in-service operating multifamily portfolio leased and occupied percentages (1) at our share of 96.2% and 94.8% compared to 96.0% and 94.7% as of December 31, 2023;
● operating commercial portfolio leased and occupied percentages at our share of 78.6% and 76.5% compared to 86.3% and 84.9% as of December 31, 2023;
● the leasing of 614,000 square feet at our share, at an initial rent (2) of $46.79 per square foot and a GAAP-basis weighted average rent per square foot (3) of $47.53; and
● an increase in same store (4) NOI of 1.3% to $267.7 million compared to $264.2 million for 2023.
(1) 2221 S. Clark Street - Residential and 900 W Street are excluded from leased and occupied percentages as they are operated as short-term rental properties.
(2) Represents the cash basis weighted average starting rent per square foot, which excludes free rent, fixed escalations and percentage rent.
(3) Represents the weighted average rent per square foot recognized over the term of the respective leases, including the effect of free rent and fixed escalations, but excluding the effect of percentage rent.
(4) Includes the results of the properties that are owned, operated and in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared except for properties for which significant redevelopment, renovation or repositioning occurred during either of the periods being compared.
Additionally, investing and financing activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 included:
● the sale of North End Retail, Fort Totten Square and 2101 L Street. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information;
● the sale of Central Place Tower by one of our unconsolidated real estate ventures. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information;
● net borrowings of $23.0 million under our revolving credit facility;
● the refinancing of the mortgage loan collateralized by The Grace and Reva. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information;
● the repayment of mortgage loans totaling $204.2 million. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information;
● the one-year extension of the maturity date of the Tranche A-1 Term Loan to January 2026;
● the payment of dividends totaling $62.0 million and distributions to our noncontrolling interests of $11.6 million;
● the purchase of the ground lessees’ interests in 1900 Crystal Drive and 2000/2001 South Bell Street for $49.4 million;
● the repurchase and retirement of 10.9 million of our common shares for $170.7 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.60; and
● the investment of $218.0 million in development costs, construction in progress and real estate additions.
Activity subsequent to December 31, 2024 included:
● the increase by our Board of Trustees of our common share repurchase authorization to $2.0 billion; and
● the repurchase and retirement of 2.1 million common shares for $32.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.15, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that in certain circumstances may significantly impact our financial results. These estimates are prepared using management's best judgment, after considering past and current events and economic conditions. In addition, certain information relied upon by management in preparing such estimates includes internally generated financial and operating information, external market information, when available, and when necessary, information obtained from consultations with third-party experts. Actual results could differ from these estimates. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if changes in the estimate could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Our significant accounting policies are fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements; however, the most critical accounting estimates, which involve the use of judgments as to future uncertainties and, therefore, may result in actual amounts that differ from estimates, are as follows:
Asset Acquisitions
Description: We account for asset acquisitions, which includes the consolidation of previously unconsolidated real estate ventures, at cost, including transaction costs, plus the fair value of any assumed debt. We estimate the fair values of acquired assets and liabilities assumed based on our evaluation of information and estimates available at the date of acquisition. Based on these estimates, we allocate the purchase price, including all transaction costs related to the acquisition and any contingent consideration, to the identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair value.
Judgments and Uncertainties: Asset acquisitions primarily consist of buildings and land. The fair values of buildings are determined using the "as-if vacant" approach whereby we use discounted cash flow models with inputs and assumptions that we believe are consistent with current market conditions for similar assets. The most significant assumptions in determining the allocation of the purchase price to buildings are the exit capitalization rate, discount rate, estimated market rents and hypothetical expected lease-up periods, when applicable. We assess the fair value of land based on market comparisons and development projects using an income approach of cost plus a margin.
Sensitivity of Estimate to Change: While our methodology did not change in 2024, to the extent the estimates and assumptions in our discounted cash flow models used to value our buildings or our projections of land value change due to market conditions or other factors, our estimated fair values may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Real Estate
Description: Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. As real estate is undergoing redevelopment activities, all property operating expenses directly associated with and attributable to the redevelopment, including interest expense, are capitalized to the extent that we believe such costs are recoverable through the value of the property.
Judgments and Uncertainties: Our real estate and related intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever there are changes in circumstances or indicators that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. These indicators may include declining operating performance, below average occupancy, shortened anticipated holding periods, costs in excess of budgets for under-construction assets and other adverse changes. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Estimates of future cash flows are based on our current plans, anticipated holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of the property's carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Estimated fair values are calculated based on the following information in order of preference, dependent upon availability: (i) pending or executed agreements, (ii) market prices for comparable properties or (iii) the sum of discounted cash flows.
Sensitivity of Estimate to Change: While our methodology did not change in 2024, if our estimates of future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, asset strategy or fair values change, based on market conditions, anticipated selling prices or other factors, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimates of future cash flows are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates, capitalization and discount rates, and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. Longer anticipated holding periods for real estate assets directly reduce the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If there is a change in the strategy for an asset or if market conditions dictate a shorter holding period, an impairment loss may be recognized, and such loss could be material.
Investments in Real Estate Ventures
Description: We use the equity method of accounting for investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures when we have significant influence, but do not have a controlling financial interest.
Judgments and Uncertainties: On a periodic basis, we evaluate our investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures for impairment. An investment in a real estate venture is considered impaired if we determine that its fair value is less than the net carrying value of the investment in that real estate venture on an other-than-temporary basis. Cash flow projections for the investments consider property level factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, anticipated holding periods, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. We consider various qualitative factors to determine if a decrease in the value of our investment is other-than-temporary. These factors include the age of the venture, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the real estate venture, financial condition and long-term prospects of the real estate venture and relationships with our partners and banks. If we believe that the decline in the fair value of the investment is temporary, no impairment loss is recorded. If our analysis indicates that there is an other-than temporary impairment related to the investment in a particular real estate venture, the carrying value of the venture will be adjusted to an amount that reflects the estimated fair value of the investment. In the event our investment in a real estate venture is reduced to zero, and we are not obligated to provide for additional losses, have not guaranteed its obligations or otherwise committed to providing financial support, we will discontinue the equity method of accounting until such point that our share of net income equals the share of net losses not recognized during the period the equity method was suspended.
Sensitivity of Estimate to Change: While our methodology did not change in 2024, if our cash flow projections or our evaluation of qualitative factors change, based on market conditions or other factors, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Cash flow projections are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding expected future operating income, trends and prospects, anticipated holding periods, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors that could differ materially from actual results. If our assessment that an impairment is other-than-temporary changes, it could result in an impairment loss that could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Description: We have leases with various tenants across our portfolio of properties, which generate rental income and operating cash flows for our benefit. Property rental revenue includes base rent each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease and is reported on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease, which includes the effects of periodic step-ups in rent and rent abatements under the lease.
Judgments and Uncertainties: We periodically evaluate the collectability of amounts due from tenants and recognize an adjustment to property rental revenue for accounts receivable and deferred rent receivable if we conclude it is not probable, we will collect the remaining lease payments under the lease agreements. We exercise judgment in assessing the probability of collection and consider payment history, current credit status and economic outlook in making this determination.
Sensitivity of Estimate to Change: If the probability of collection changes, due to tenant creditworthiness, changes to tenant payment patterns or economic trends, our evaluation of collectability may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements.
Results of Operations
The following section discusses certain line items from our consolidated statements of operations and the year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023. Discussions of the year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022 can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2024.
In 2024, we sold North End Retail, Fort Totten Square and 2101 L Street. In 2023, we sold an 80.0% interest in 4747 Bethesda Avenue to an unconsolidated real estate venture, and we sold Falkland Chase, 5 M Street Southwest, Crystal City Marriott and Capital Point-North-75 New York Avenue. We collectively refer to these assets as the "Disposed Properties" in the discussion below. Additionally, during 2024, we began leasing The Grace and Reva, and we took 1800 South Bell Street, 2100 Crystal Drive and 2200 Crystal Drive out of service.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2024 to 2023
The following summarizes certain line items from our consolidated statements of operations that we believe are important in understanding our operations and/or those items which significantly changed in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
% Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Property rental revenue
$
456,950
$
483,159
(5.4)
%
Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements
69,465
92,051
(24.5)
%
Depreciation and amortization expense
208,180
210,195
(1.0)
%
Property operating expense
146,609
144,049
1.8
%
Real estate taxes expense
52,606
57,668
(8.8)
%
General and administrative expense:
Corporate and other
58,790
54,838
7.2
%
Third-party real estate services
74,264
88,948
(16.5)
%
Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net
7,122
26,999
(73.6)
%
Interest and other income, net
11,598
15,781
(26.5)
%
Interest expense
134,068
108,660
23.4
%
Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net
(2,753)
79,335
(103.5)
%
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt
9,235
(450)
*
Impairment loss
55,427
90,226
(38.6)
%
* Not meaningful.
Property rental revenue decreased by $26.2 million, or 5.4%, to $457.0 million in 2024 from $483.2 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $35.7 million decrease in revenue from our commercial assets, partially offset by a $10.2 million increase in revenue from our multifamily assets. The decrease in revenue from our commercial assets was primarily due to a $17.9 million decrease related to assets taken out of service during 2024, an $8.1 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties and lower occupancy across the portfolio. The increase in revenue from our multifamily assets was primarily due to a $9.9 million increase related to The Grace and Reva, and higher rents and lower concessions across the portfolio, partially offset by an $11.7 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties.
Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements, decreased by $22.6 million, or 24.5%, to $69.5 million in 2024 from $92.1 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to (i) an $8.7 million decrease in reimbursement revenue, (ii) a $7.7 million decrease in development fees related to the timing of development projects, (iii) a $3.3 million decrease in property management fees and (iv) a $1.8 million decrease in leasing fees.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $2.0 million, or 1.0%, to $208.2 million in 2024 from $210.2 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to (i) an $8.7 million decrease related to 1800 South Bell Street, which was taken out of service during 2024, (ii) an $8.2 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties, (iii) a $3.5 million decrease related to 2451 Crystal Drive, 241 18th Street S. and 800 North Glebe Road due to the disposal of assets as a result of tenant terminations in 2023 and (iv) a $3.3 million decrease related to 8001 Woodmont due to the amortization of acquired
in-place lease intangibles in 2023. The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense was partially offset by (v) a $15.8 million increase related to The Grace and Reva, (vi) a $3.2 million increase related to various National Landing assets primarily due to placing Water Park and Surreal into service, (vii) a $1.6 million increase related to write-offs of certain digital infrastructure assets and (viii) a $1.2 million increase related to 2200 Crystal Drive due to the acceleration of depreciation of certain assets as the building was taken out of service in 2024.
Property operating expense increased by $2.6 million, or 1.8%, to $146.6 million in 2024 from $144.0 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $4.0 million increase in property operating expense from our multifamily assets and a $1.7 million increase in other property operating expense, partially offset by a $3.1 million decrease in property operating expense from our commercial assets. The increase in property operating expense from our multifamily assets was primarily due to a $5.4 million increase related to The Grace and Reva, and higher operating expenses due to higher repairs and maintenance expenses across the portfolio, partially offset by a $3.5 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties and a $2.7 million decrease related to 8001 Woodmont primarily due to legal expenses incurred in 2023. The increase in other property operating expense was primarily due to an increase in insurance claims covered by our captive insurance subsidiary. The decrease in property operating expense from our commercial assets was primarily due to a $3.1 million decrease related to assets taken out of service during 2024, a $1.4 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties, and lower operating expenses primarily due to lower marketing expenses across the portfolio, partially offset by a $2.5 million increase in expenses related to 1550 Crystal Drive due to the phasing in of Water Park.
Real estate taxes expense decreased by $5.1 million, or 8.8%, to $52.6 million in 2024 from $57.7 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $5.3 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties and lower assessments across the portfolio, partially offset by a $2.7 million increase related to The Grace and Reva.
General and administrative expense: corporate and other increased by $4.0 million, or 7.2%, to $58.8 million in 2024 from $54.8 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation expenses and a decrease in capitalized payroll.
General and administrative expense: third-party real estate services decreased by $14.7 million, or 16.5%, to $74.3 million in 2024 from $88.9 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower compensation expenses and lower third-party reimbursable expenses.
Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures decreased by $19.9 million, or 73.6%, to $7.1 million for 2024 from $27.0 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $21.9 million decrease in impairment losses.
Interest and other income decreased by approximately $4.2 million, or 26.5%, to $11.6 million in 2024 from $15.8 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $6.0 million gain from the settlement of litigation in 2023 and a $1.3 million increase in realized losses from investments, partially offset by a $3.6 million increase in unrealized gains from investments.
Interest expense increased by $25.4 million, or 23.4%, to $134.1 million in 2024 from $108.7 million in 2023. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to (i) a $23.2 million net increase due to higher outstanding debt, (ii) an $11.4 million decrease in capitalized interest as we placed The Grace and Reva into service and (iii) a $6.4 million increase related to higher interest rates on variable rate mortgage loans. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by (iv) a $7.7 million decrease related to the mark-to-market associated with our non-designated derivatives primarily due to their maturity, (v) a $6.5 million decrease related to mortgage loans collateralized by 800 North Glebe Road, 2121 Crystal Drive, Falkland Chase, 201 12th Street S., 200 12th Street S. and 251 18th Street S., which were repaid during 2023 and 2024, and (vi) a $2.4 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties, excluding Falkland Chase.
Loss on the sale of real estate of $2.8 million in 2024 was primarily due to the sale of North End Retail and Fort Totten Square, partially offset by the recognition of previously recorded contingent liabilities relieved in connection with the sale of Central Place Tower by one of our unconsolidated joint ventures. Gain on the sale of real estate of $79.3 million in 2023 was primarily due to the sale of 4747 Bethesda Avenue and Crystal City Marriott.
Gain on extinguishment of debt of $9.2 million in 2024 was primarily due to the extinguishment of the 2101 L Street mortgage loan repaid in connection with the sale of the asset.
Impairment loss of $55.4 million in 2024 was related to 1901 South Bell Street, 2101 L Street, 8001 Woodmont and two development parcels, which were written down to their estimated fair value. Impairment loss of $90.2 million in 2023 was related to 2101 L Street, 2100 Crystal Drive, 2200 Crystal Drive and a development parcel, which were written down to their estimated fair value.
FFO
FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure computed in accordance with the definition established by Nareit in the Nareit FFO White Paper - 2018 Restatement. Nareit defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding depreciation and amortization expense related to real estate, gains (losses) from the sale of certain real estate assets, gains (losses) from change in control and impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity, including our share of such adjustments for unconsolidated real estate ventures.
We believe FFO is a meaningful non-GAAP financial measure useful in comparing our levered operating performance from period-to-period and compared to similar real estate companies because FFO excludes real estate depreciation and amortization expense, which implicitly assumes that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time rather than fluctuating based on market conditions, and other non-comparable income and expenses. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), as a performance measure or cash flow as a liquidity measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
The following is the reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to FFO:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
$
(143,526)
$
(79,978)
$
85,371
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(22,202)
(10,596)
13,244
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
(12,025)
(1,135)
Net income (loss)
(177,753)
(91,709)
98,986
(Gain) loss on the sale of real estate, net of tax
1,541
(79,335)
(158,769)
Gain on the sale of unconsolidated real estate assets
(480)
(411)
(6,797)
Real estate depreciation and amortization
201,510
203,269
204,752
Real estate impairment loss
37,191
90,226
-
Impairment related to unconsolidated real estate ventures (1)
-
28,598
19,286
Pro rata share of real estate depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated real estate ventures
3,978
11,545
21,169
FFO attributable to noncontrolling interests
-
1,024
(735)
FFO attributable to OP Units
65,987
163,207
177,892
FFO attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(10,361)
(22,820)
(21,846)
FFO attributable to common shareholders
$
55,626
$
140,387
$
156,046
(1) Related to decreases in the value of the underlying real estate assets.
NOI and Same Store NOI
NOI and same store NOI are non-GAAP financial measures management uses to assess an asset's performance. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe NOI and same store NOI provide useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only property related revenue (which includes base rent, tenant reimbursements and other operating revenue, net of free rent and payments associated with assumed lease liabilities)
less operating expenses and ground rent for operating leases, if applicable. NOI and same store NOI exclude deferred rent, commercial lease termination revenue, related party management fees, interest expense, and certain other non-cash adjustments, including the accretion of acquired below-market leases and the amortization of acquired above-market leases and below-market ground lease intangibles. Management uses NOI, which includes our proportionate share of revenue and expenses attributable to real estate ventures, as a supplemental performance measure and believes it provides useful information to investors because it reflects only those revenue and expense items that are incurred at the asset level, excluding non-cash items. In addition, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful starting point for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of assets. However, because NOI excludes depreciation and amortization expense and captures neither the changes in the value of our assets that result from use or market conditions, nor the level of capital expenditures and capitalized leasing commissions necessary to maintain the operating performance of our assets, all of which have real economic effect and could materially impact the financial performance of our assets, the utility of NOI as a measure of the operating performance of our assets is limited. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs that define these measures differently. We believe to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders as presented in our consolidated financial statements. NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of liquidity or our ability to make distributions.
Information provided on a same store basis includes the results of properties that are owned, operated and in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared, which excludes disposed properties or properties for which significant redevelopment, renovation or repositioning occurred during either of the periods being compared. During the year ended December 31, 2024, our same store pool decreased to 36 properties from 42 properties due to (i) the sale of North End Retail, Fort Totten Square, 2101 L Street and Central Place Tower, (ii) the exclusion of 1800 South Bell Street, 2100 Crystal Drive, 2200 Crystal Drive and Crystal City Shops at 2100, which were taken out of service, and (iii) the inclusion of 8001 Woodmont and 1831/1861 Wiehle Avenue as they were in service for the entirety of the comparable periods. While there is judgment surrounding changes in designations, a property is removed from the same store pool when the property is considered to be under-construction because it is undergoing significant redevelopment or renovation pursuant to a formal plan or is being repositioned in the market and such renovation or repositioning is expected to have a significant impact on property NOI. A development property or under-construction property is moved to the same store pool once a substantial portion of the growth expected from the development or redevelopment is reflected in both the current and comparable prior year period. Acquisitions are moved into the same store pool once we have owned the property for the entirety of the comparable periods and the property is not under significant development or redevelopment.
Same store NOI increased by $3.5 million, or 1.3%, to $267.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $264.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was substantially attributable to (i) higher rents and lower concessions, partially offset by higher repairs and maintenance expenses in our multifamily portfolio; and (ii) lower occupancy and tenant reimbursement revenue in our commercial portfolio, partially offset by lower real estate taxes.
The following is the reconciliation of net loss attributable to common shareholders to NOI at our share and same store NOI at our share. To conform to the current period presentation, we have included certain other property revenue in the calculation of NOI to align with our internal reporting.
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(143,526)
$
(79,978)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(22,202)
(10,596)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(12,025)
(1,135)
Net loss
(177,753)
(91,709)
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense
208,180
210,195
General and administrative expense:
Corporate and other
58,790
54,838
Third-party real estate services
74,264
88,948
Share-based compensation related to Formation Transaction and special equity awards
-
Transaction and other costs
5,317
8,737
Interest expense
134,068
108,660
(Gain) loss on the extinguishment of debt
(9,235)
Impairment loss
55,427
90,226
Income tax expense (benefit)
(296)
Less:
Third-party real estate services, including reimbursements revenue
69,465
92,051
Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net
(7,122)
(26,999)
Interest and other income, net
11,598
15,781
Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net
(2,753)
79,335
Adjustments:
NOI attributable to unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share
6,808
19,452
Non-cash rent adjustments (1)
(9,482)
(23,482)
Other adjustments (2)
1,321
12,092
Total adjustments
(1,353)
8,062
NOI at our share
277,279
318,492
Less: out-of-service NOI loss (3) (4)
(9,922)
(3,512)
Operating Portfolio NOI (4)
287,201
322,004
Non-same store NOI (4) (5)
19,537
57,799
Same store NOI (4) (6)
$
267,664
$
264,205
Change in same store NOI
1.3%
Number of properties in same store pool
(1) Adjustment to exclude deferred rent, above/below market lease amortization and lease incentive amortization.
(2) Adjustment to exclude commercial lease termination revenue, related party management fees, corporate entity activity and inter-segment activity.
(3) Includes the results of our under-construction asset and assets in the development pipeline.
(4) Represents amounts at our share.
(5) Includes the results of properties that were not in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared, including disposed properties, and properties for which significant redevelopment, renovation or repositioning occurred during either of the periods being compared.
(6) Includes the results of the properties that are owned, operated and in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared.
Reportable Segments
Our three operating and reportable segments are multifamily, commercial, and third-party real estate services. We measure and evaluate the performance of our operating segments, with the exception of the third-party real estate services business, based on NOI at our share, which includes our proportionate share of revenue and expenses attributable to real estate ventures.
The following is a summary of NOI at our share for our multifamily and commercial segments:
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Multifamily
Commercial
Multifamily
Commercial
(In thousands, at our share)
Property rental revenue
$
214,431
$
230,039
$
205,061
$
285,652
Other property revenue
3,677
17,517
8,068
19,106
Total property revenue
218,108
247,556
213,129
304,758
Property expense:
Real estate taxes
22,197
27,103
21,924
37,698
Payroll
16,347
13,293
19,060
15,245
Utilities
15,337
14,311
14,905
16,949
Repairs and maintenance
22,396
22,088
15,978
24,043
Other property operating
11,612
17,733
11,862
20,616
Total property expense
87,889
94,528
83,729
114,551
NOI from reportable segments
$
130,219
$
153,028
$
129,400
$
190,207
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2024 to 2023
Multifamily: Property revenue at our share increased by $5.0 million, or 2.3%, to $218.1 million in 2024 from $213.1 million in 2023. NOI at our share increased by $0.8 million, or 0.6%, to $130.2 million in 2024 from $129.4 million in 2023. The increases in property revenue at our share and NOI at our share were primarily due to The Grace and Reva, which we began leasing during the first quarter of 2024, and higher rents and lower concessions across the portfolio, partially offset by a decrease related to the Disposed Properties.
Commercial: Property revenue at our share decreased by $57.2 million, or 18.8%, to $247.6 million in 2024 from $304.8 million in 2023. NOI at our share decreased by $37.2 million, or 19.5%, to $153.0 million in 2024 from $190.2 million in 2023. The decreases in property revenue at our share and NOI at our share were primarily due to the Disposed Properties, 1800 South Bell Street, 2100 Crystal Drive and 2200 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service during 2024, and lower occupancy across the portfolio.
With respect to the third-party real estate services business, we review revenue streams generated by this segment, excluding reimbursement revenue, as well as the expenses attributable to this segment at our proportionate share, calculated by excluding real estate services revenue from our interests in such real estate ventures. The following is a summary of our third-party real estate services business at our share:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands, at our share)
Property management fees
$
16,138
$
18,983
Asset management fees
4,088
4,925
Development fees
2,573
10,253
Leasing fees
3,757
5,538
Construction management fees
1,210
1,383
Other service revenue
5,038
4,840
Third-party real estate services revenue, excluding reimbursements
32,804
45,922
Third-party real estate services expenses, excluding reimbursements
36,836
42,403
Net third-party real estate services, excluding reimbursements
$
(4,032)
$
3,519
Third-party real estate services revenue, excluding reimbursements, decreased by $13.1 million, or 28.6%, to $32.8 million in 2024 from $45.9 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $7.7 million decrease in development fees related to the timing of development projects, a $2.8 million decrease in property management fees and a $1.8 million decrease in leasing fees. Third-party real estate services expenses, excluding reimbursements, decreased by $5.6 million, or 13.1%, to $36.8 million in 2024 from $42.4 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower compensation expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Property rental revenue is our primary source of operating cash flow and depends on many factors including occupancy levels and rental rates, as well as our tenants' ability to pay rent. In addition, our third-party real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services. Our assets provide cash flow that enables us to pay operating expenses, debt service, recurring capital expenditures, dividends to shareholders and distributions to holders of OP Units and LTIP Units. Other sources of liquidity to fund cash requirements include proceeds from financings, recapitalizations, asset sales, and the issuance and sale of securities. We anticipate that cash flows from continuing operations and proceeds from financings, asset sales and recapitalizations, together with existing cash balances, will be adequate to fund our business operations, debt amortization, capital expenditures, any dividends to shareholders, and distributions to holders of OP Units and LTIP Units.
Mortgage Loans
The following is a summary of mortgage loans:
Weighted Average
Effective
December 31,
Interest Rate (1)
(In thousands)
Variable rate (2)
5.58%
$
587,254
$
608,582
Fixed rate (3)
4.79%
1,196,479
1,189,643
Mortgage loans
1,783,733
1,798,225
Unamortized deferred financing costs and premium/discount, net
(16,560)
(15,211)
Mortgage loans, net
$
1,767,173
$
1,783,014
(1) Weighted average effective interest rate as of December 31, 2024.
(2) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rate cap agreements. For mortgage loans with interest rate caps, the weighted average interest rate cap strike was 3.36%, and the weighted average maturity date of the interest rate caps is the first quarter of 2026. The interest rate cap strike is exclusive of the credit spreads associated with the mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2024, one-month term SOFR was 4.33% and the 30-day average SOFR was 4.53%.
(3) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rates fixed by interest rate swap agreements.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net carrying value of real estate collateralizing our mortgage loans totaled $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion. Our mortgage loans contain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness on these properties and, in certain circumstances, require lender approval of tenant leases and/or yield maintenance upon repayment prior to maturity.
In November 2024, the mortgage loan collateralized by The Grace and Reva was refinanced with a five-year interest-only $273.6 million mortgage loan with a fixed interest rate of 5.19%.
In January 2023, we entered into a $187.6 million loan facility, collateralized by The Wren andRST Residences. The loan has a seven-year term and a fixed interest rate of 5.13%. Proceeds from the loan were used, in part, to repay the $131.5 million mortgage loan collateralized by 2121 Crystal Drive, which had a fixed interest rate of 5.51%.
In December 2024, in connection with the sale of 2101 L Street, the lender of the related $120.9 million mortgage loan accepted the proceeds from the sale and $6.7 million of cash as repayment of the mortgage loan. In September 2024, we repaid the $83.3 million mortgage loan collateralized by 201 12th Street S., 200 12th Street S., and 251 18th Street S. In June 2023, we repaid $142.4 million in mortgage loans collateralized by Falkland Chase-South & West and 800 North Glebe Road.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had various interest rate swap and cap agreements on certain of our mortgage loans with an aggregate notional value of $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans
As of December 31, 2024, our unsecured revolving credit facility and term loans totaling $1.5 billion consisted of a $750.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in June 2027, a $200.0 million Tranche A-1 Term Loan maturing in January 2026, as extended in September 2024, a $400.0 million Tranche A-2 Term Loan maturing in January 2028 and a $120.0 million 2023 Term Loan maturing in June 2028. We have the option to increase the $750.0 million revolving credit facility or add term loans up to $500.0 million. The revolving credit facility has two six-month extension options, and the Tranche A-1 Term Loan has one remaining one-year extension option.
Based on the terms as of December 31, 2024, the interest rate for the credit facility varies based on a ratio of our total outstanding indebtedness to a valuation of certain real property and assets, and ranges (i) in the case of the revolving credit facility, from daily SOFR plus 1.40% to daily SOFR plus 1.85%, (ii) in the case of the Tranche A-1 Term Loan, from one-month term SOFR plus 1.15% to one-month term SOFR plus 1.75%, (iii) in the case of the Tranche A-2 Term Loan, from one-month term SOFR plus 1.25% to one-month term SOFR plus 1.80% and (iv) in the case of the 2023 Term Loan, from one-month term SOFR plus 1.25% to one-month term SOFR plus 1.80%.
The following is a summary of amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and term loans:
Effective
December 31,
Interest Rate (1)
(In thousands)
Revolving credit facility (2) (3)
5.98%
$
85,000
$
62,000
Tranche A-1 Term Loan (4)
5.34%
$
200,000
$
200,000
Tranche A-2 Term Loan (5)
4.20%
400,000
400,000
2023 Term Loan (6)
5.41%
120,000
120,000
Term loans
720,000
720,000
Unamortized deferred financing costs, net
(2,147)
(2,828)
Term loans, net
$
717,853
$
717,172
(1) Effective interest rate as of December 31, 2024. The interest rate for the revolving credit facility excludes a 0.20% and 0.15% facility fee as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2) As of December 31, 2024, daily SOFR was 4.49%. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, letters of credit with an aggregate face amount of $15.2 million and $467,000 were outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
(3) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, excludes $7.3 million and $10.2 million of net deferred financing costs related to our revolving credit facility that were included in "Other assets, net" in our consolidated balance sheets.
(4) As of December 31, 2024, the interest rate swaps fixed SOFR at a weighted average interest rate of 4.00% through the extended maturity date of January 2027.
(5) As of December 31, 2024, the interest rate swaps fixed SOFR at a weighted average interest rate of 2.81% through the maturity date.
(6) As of December 31, 2024, the interest rate swap fixed SOFR at an interest rate of 4.01% through the maturity date.
Common Shares Repurchased
Our Board of Trustees previously authorized the repurchase of up to $1.5 billion of our outstanding common shares. In February 2025, our Board of Trustees increased our common share repurchase authorization to $2.0 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased and retired 10.9 million common shares for $170.7 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.60. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased and retired 22.6 million common shares for $335.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $14.83. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased and retired 14.2 million common shares for $361.0 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $25.49. Since we began the share repurchase program through December 31, 2024, we have repurchased and retired 56.8 million common shares for $1.1 billion, a weighted average purchase price per share of $19.87.
During the first quarter of 2025, through February 14, 2025, we repurchased and retired 2.1 million common shares for $32.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.15, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Purchases under the program are made either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined by us at our discretion and will be subject to economic and market conditions, share price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at our discretion without prior notice.
Material Cash Requirements
Our material cash requirements for the next 12 months and beyond are to fund:
● normal recurring expenses;
● debt service and principal repayment obligations, including balloon payments on maturing mortgage debt - As of December 31, 2024, we had maturities totaling $340.7 million ($307.7 million related to our consolidated entities and $33.0 million related to an unconsolidated real estate venture at our share) scheduled to mature in 2025;
● capital expenditures, including major renovations, tenant improvements and leasing costs - As of December 31, 2024, we had committed tenant-related obligations totaling $43.8 million ($43.5 million related to our consolidated entities and $309,000 related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share);
● development expenditures - As of December 31, 2024, we had one asset under construction and started construction on a new amenity hub at 2011 Crystal Drive that, based on our current plans and estimates, require an additional $73.3 million to complete, which we anticipate will be primarily expended over the next year;
● dividends to shareholders and distributions to holders of OP Units and LTIP Units - On December 16, 2024, our Board of Trustees declared a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per common share that was paid on January 14, 2025;
● possible common share repurchases - During the first quarter of 2025, through February 14, 2025, we repurchased and retired 2.1 million common shares for $32.3 million; and
● possible acquisitions of properties, either directly or indirectly through the acquisition of equity interests.
We expect to satisfy these requirements using one or more of the following:
● cash and cash equivalents - As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $145.8 million;
● cash flows from operations;
● distributions from real estate ventures;
● borrowing capacity under our current revolving credit facility - As of December 31, 2024, we had $649.8 million of availability under our revolving credit facility;
● proceeds from financings, joint venture capital, asset sales and recapitalizations; and
● proceeds from the issuance of securities.
The following is a summary of our material cash requirements as of December 31, 2024:
Total
Thereafter
(In thousands)
Material cash requirements (principal and interest):
Debt obligations (1) (2)
$
3,052,391
$
435,695
$
426,791
$
515,649
$
671,814
$
429,783
$
572,659
Operating leases (3)
67,112
6,617
5,487
5,662
4,405
4,515
40,426
Other
3,046
-
-
Total material cash requirements (4)
$
3,122,549
$
443,170
$
433,132
$
522,145
$
676,719
$
434,298
$
613,085
(1) Interest was computed giving effect to interest rate hedges. One-month term SOFR of 4.33% and daily SOFR of 4.49% was applied to loans, as applicable, which are variable (no hedge) or variable with an interest rate cap. Additionally, we assumed no additional borrowings on construction loans.
(2) Excludes our proportionate share of unconsolidated real estate venture indebtedness. See additional information in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures section below.
(3) We have operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities associated with our corporate office lease and a ground lease for which we are the lessee in our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(4) Excludes obligations related to construction or development contracts totaling $73.3 million since payments are only due upon satisfactory performance under the contracts. Also excludes committed tenant-related obligations totaling $43.8 million ($43.5 million related to our consolidated entities and $309,000 related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share) as timing and amounts of payments are uncertain and may only be due upon satisfactory performance of certain conditions. See Commitments and Contingencies section below for additional information.
Summary of Cash Flows
The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on our consolidated statements of cash flows and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
129,393
$
183,372
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
144,155
(98,179)
Net cash used in financing activities
(290,797)
(158,825)
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash decreased $17.2 million to $183.2 million as of December 31, 2024, compared to $200.4 million as of December 31, 2023. This decrease resulted from $290.8 million of net cash used in financing activities, partially offset by $144.2 million of net cash provided by investing activities and $129.4 million of net cash provided by operating activities. Our outstanding debt was $2.6 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $129.4 million primarily comprised: (i) $118.1 million of net income (before $293.1 million of non-cash items and $2.8 million of loss on the sale of real estate), (ii) $1.9 million of return on capital from unconsolidated real estate ventures and (iii) $9.4 million of net change in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash income adjustments of $293.1 million primarily include depreciation and amortization expense, impairment loss, share-based compensation expense, deferred rent and gain on extinguishment of debt.
Net cash provided by investing activities of $144.2 million primarily comprised: (i) $202.0 million of proceeds from the sale of real estate and (ii) $164.6 million of distributions of capital from unconsolidated real estate ventures and other investments primarily related to the sale of Central Place Tower by one of our unconsolidated real estate ventures, partially offset by (iii) $218.0 million of development costs, construction in progress and real estate additions.
Net cash used in financing activities of $290.8 million primarily comprised: (i) $295.0 million of repayments of the revolving credit facility, (ii) $198.0 million of repayments of mortgage loans, (iii) $170.8 million of common shares repurchased, (iv) $62.0 million of dividends paid to common shareholders, (v) $49.4 million paid for the acquisition of noncontrolling interests and (vi) $11.6 million of distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests, partially offset by (vii) $318.0 million of proceeds from borrowings under the revolving credit facility and (viii) $187.9 million of borrowings under mortgage loans.
Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures
We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling interest or are the primary beneficiary in a variable interest entity. From time to time, we may have off-balance-sheet unconsolidated real estate ventures and other unconsolidated arrangements with varying structures.
As of December 31, 2024, we have investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures totaling $93.7 million. For these investments, we exercise significant influence over but do not control these entities and, therefore, account for these investments using the equity method of accounting. For a more complete description of our real estate ventures, see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.
From time to time, we (or ventures in which we have an ownership interest) have agreed, and may in the future agree with respect to unconsolidated real estate ventures, to (i) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts in connection with borrowings, (ii) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) in connection with borrowings or (iii) provide guarantees to lenders and other third parties for the completion and stabilization of development projects. We customarily have agreements with our outside venture partners whereby the partners agree to reimburse the real estate venture or us for their share of any payments made under certain of these guarantees. At times, we also have agreements with certain of our outside venture partners whereby we agree to either indemnify the partners and/or the associated ventures with respect to certain contingent liabilities associated with operating assets or to reimburse our partner for its share of any payments made by them under certain guarantees. Guarantees (excluding environmental) customarily terminate either upon the satisfaction of specified circumstances or repayment of the underlying debt. Amounts that we may be required to pay in future periods in relation to guarantees associated with budget overruns or operating losses are not estimable. As of December 31, 2024, we had no principal payment guarantees related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures.
As of December 31, 2024, we had additional capital commitments totaling $9.6 million related to our investments in real estate-focused technology companies.
Commitments and Contingencies
Insurance
We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $150.0 million per occurrence and in the aggregate, and property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties. We also maintain coverage, through our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary, for a portion of the first loss on the above limits and for both conventional terrorist acts and for nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism events with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence. These policies are partially reinsured by third-party insurance providers.
We will continue to monitor the state of the insurance market, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism. We cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for deductibles and losses in excess of the insurance coverage, which could be material.
Our debt, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties, a revolving credit facility and term loans, contains customary covenants requiring adequate insurance coverage. Although we believe that we currently have adequate insurance coverage, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at a reasonable cost in the future. If lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties.
Construction Commitments
As of December 31, 2024, we had one asset under construction and started construction on a new amenity hub at 2011 Crystal Drive that, based on our current plans and estimates, require an additional $73.3 million to complete, which we anticipate will be primarily expended over the next year. These capital expenditures are generally due as the work is performed, and we expect to finance them primarily with debt proceeds.
Legal Proceedings
In November 2023, the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia against RealPage, Inc., a provider of revenue management systems, numerous multifamily rental companies, and 14 owners and/or operators of multifamily housing in the District of Columbia, including JBG Associates, L.L.C., one of our
subsidiaries, alleging that the defendants violated the District of Columbia Antitrust Act by unlawfully agreeing to use RealPage, Inc. revenue management systems and sharing sensitive data. While we intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit, given the current stage of the District of Columbia’s lawsuit, we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from the lawsuit. While we do not believe that these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, we cannot give assurance that the proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the event of a negative outcome.
There are various other legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Other
As of December 31, 2024, we had committed tenant-related obligations totaling $43.8 million ($43.5 million related to our consolidated entities and $309,000 related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share). The timing and amounts of payments for tenant-related obligations are uncertain and may only be due upon satisfactory performance of certain conditions.
With respect to borrowings of our consolidated entities, we may agree to (i) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts, (ii) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) or (iii) provide guarantees to lenders, tenants and other third parties for the completion and stabilization of development projects. As of December 31, 2024, we had no debt principal payment guarantees related to our consolidated real estate assets.
Environmental Matters
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or former owner or operator of real estate may be liable for conducting or paying for the costs of the investigation, removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products on, under or from that real estate. These laws often impose such liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence or release of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products, and the liability may be joint and several. The costs of investigation, remediation or removal of these substances may be substantial and could exceed the value of the property, and the presence of these substances, or the failure to promptly remediate these substances, may adversely affect the owner's ability to sell, operate, or develop the real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. In connection with the ownership and operation of our current and former assets, we may be potentially liable for these costs. The operations of current and former tenants at our assets have involved, or may have involved, the presence or use of hazardous substances or petroleum products or the generation of hazardous wastes, and indemnities in our lease agreements may not fully protect us from liability, if, for example, a tenant responsible for environmental non­compliance or contamination becomes insolvent. The release of these hazardous substances and wastes and petroleum products could result in us incurring liabilities to investigate or remediate any resulting contamination. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties may (i) expose us to third-party liability (e.g., for cleanup costs, natural resource damages, bodily injury or property damage), (ii) subject our properties to liens in favor of the government for damages and costs the government incurs in connection with the contamination, (iii) impose restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used or businesses may be operated, or (iv) materially adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. In addition, our assets are exposed to the risk of contamination originating from other sources. While a property owner may not be responsible for remediating contamination that has migrated onsite from an identifiable and viable offsite source, the contaminant's presence can have adverse effects on operations and the redevelopment of our assets. To the extent we arrange for contaminated materials to be sent to other locations for treatment or disposal, we may be liable for the cleanup of those sites if they become contaminated, without regard to whether we complied with environmental laws in doing so.
Most of our assets have been subject, at some point, to environmental assessments that are intended to evaluate the environmental condition of the subject and surrounding assets. These environmental assessments generally have included a historical review, a public records review, a visual inspection of the site and surrounding assets, visual or historical evidence of underground storage tanks and other features, and the preparation and issuance of a written report. Soil, soil vapor and/or groundwater subsurface testing is conducted at our assets, when necessary, to further investigate any
conditions identified by the initial assessment that could reasonably be expected to pose a material concern to the property or result in us incurring material environmental liabilities as a result of redevelopment. The tests may not, however, have included extensive sampling or subsurface investigations. In each case where the environmental assessments have identified conditions requiring remedial actions required by law, we have initiated appropriate actions. The environmental assessments have not revealed any material environmental contamination that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our overall business, financial condition or results of operations, or that have not been anticipated and remediated during site redevelopment as required by law. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the identification of new areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites or changes in cleanup requirements would not result in significant cost to us. As disclosed in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements, environmental liabilities totaled $17.5 million and $17.6 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and are included in "Other liabilities, net" in our consolidated balance sheets.
Our operations and assets, and the operations of our tenants, are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. The cost to comply with such requirements may be significant and if we fail to comply with such requirements, we could be subject to significant fines. Moreover, environmental requirements have and may continue to become increasingly stringent, and our costs or operating restrictions may increase as a result.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
We have exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, which are sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control. The following is a summary of our exposure to a change in interest rates:
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Weighted
Weighted
Average
Annual
Average
Effective
Effect of 1%
Effective
Interest
Change in
Interest
Balance
Rate
Base Rates
Balance
Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
Debt (contractual balances):
Mortgage loans:
Variable rate (1)
$
587,254
5.58%
$
3,749
$
608,582
6.25%
Fixed rate (2)
1,196,479
4.79%
-
1,189,643
4.78%
$
1,783,733
$
3,749
$
1,798,225
Revolving credit facility and term loans:
Revolving credit facility (3)
$
85,000
5.98%
$
$
62,000
6.83%
Tranche A-1 Term Loan (4)
200,000
5.34%
-
200,000
2.70%
Tranche A-2 Term Loan (4)
400,000
4.20%
-
400,000
3.58%
2023 Term Loan (4)
120,000
5.41%
-
120,000
5.31%
$
805,000
$
$
782,000
Pro rata share of debt of unconsolidated real estate ventures (contractual balances):
Variable rate (1)
$
35,000
5.68%
$
$
35,000
5.00%
Fixed rate (2)
33,000
4.13%
-
33,000
4.13%
$
68,000
$
$
68,000
(1) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rate cap agreements. For mortgage loans with interest rate caps, the weighted average interest rate cap strike was 3.36%, and the weighted average maturity date of the interest rate caps is the first quarter of 2026. The interest rate cap strike is exclusive of the credit spreads associated with the mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2024, one-month term SOFR was 4.33% and the 30-day average SOFR was 4.53%. The impact of these interest rate caps is reflected in our calculation of the annual effect of a 1% change in base rates, as applicable.
(2) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rates fixed by interest rate swap agreements.
(3) As of December 31, 2024, daily SOFR was 4.49%. The interest rate for the revolving credit facility excludes a 0.20% and 0.15% facility fee as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(4) As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance was fixed by interest rate swap agreements. As of December 31, 2024, the interest rate swaps fix SOFR at a weighted average interest rate of 4.00% for the Tranche A-1 Term Loan, 2.81% for the Tranche A-2 Term Loan and 4.01% for the 2023 Term Loan. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
The fair value of our mortgage loans is estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows of these instruments using current risk-adjusted rates available to borrowers with similar credit profiles based on market sources. The fair value of our revolving credit facility and term loans is calculated based on the net present value of payments over the term of the facilities using estimated market rates for similar notes and remaining terms. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the estimated fair value of our consolidated debt was $2.6 billion and $2.5 billion. These estimates of fair value, which are made at the end of the reporting period, may be different from the amounts that may ultimately be realized upon the disposition of our financial instruments.
Hedging Activities
To manage, or hedge, our exposure to interest rate risk, we follow established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of a variety of derivative financial instruments.
Derivative Financial Instruments Designated as Effective Hedges
Certain derivative financial instruments, consisting of interest rate swap and cap agreements, are cash flow hedges that are designated as effective hedges, and are carried at their estimated fair value on a recurring basis. We assess the effectiveness of our hedges both at inception and on an ongoing basis. If the hedges are deemed to be effective, the fair value is recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive income" in our consolidated balance sheets and is subsequently reclassified into "Interest expense" in our consolidated statements of operations in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. Our hedges become less than perfectly effective if the critical terms of the hedging instrument and the forecasted transactions do not perfectly match such as notional amounts, settlement dates, reset dates, calculation period and interest rates. In addition, we evaluate the default risk of the counterparty by monitoring the creditworthiness of the counterparty. While management believes its judgments are reasonable, a change in a derivative's effectiveness as a hedge could materially affect expenses, net income (loss) and equity.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had interest rate swap and cap agreements with an aggregate notional value of $2.0 billion and $2.2 billion, which were designated as effective hedges. The fair value of our interest rate swaps and caps designated as effective hedges consisted of assets totaling $23.4 million and $35.6 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 included in "Other assets, net" in our consolidated balance sheets, and liabilities totaling $90,000 and $7.9 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 included in "Other liabilities, net" in our consolidated balance sheets.
Non-Designated Derivatives
Certain derivative financial instruments, consisting of interest rate cap agreements, do not meet the accounting requirements to be classified as hedging instruments. These derivatives are carried at their estimated fair value on a recurring basis with realized and unrealized gains (losses) recorded in "Interest expense" in our consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had various interest rate cap agreements with an aggregate notional value of $167.5 million and $642.7 million, which were non-designated derivatives. The fair value of our interest rate cap agreements which were non-designated derivatives consisted of assets totaling $2.3 million and $6.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, included in "Other assets, net" in our consolidated balance sheets, and liabilities totaling $2.3 million and $6.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, included in "Other liabilities, net" in our consolidated balance sheets.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees of JBG SMITH Properties
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of JBG SMITH Properties and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 18, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Real Estate - Impairment Indicators and Impairment- Refer to Notes 2 and 19 to the consolidated financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company evaluates real estate assets for impairment whenever there are changes in circumstances or indicators that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. These indicators may include declining operating performance, below average occupancy, shortened anticipated holding periods, and other adverse changes. An impairment exists when
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset.
For those real estate assets where an indicator of impairment has been identified, estimates of future cash flows are based on the Company’s current plans, anticipated holding periods and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of a property's carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Estimated fair values are calculated based on the following information in order of preference, dependent upon availability: (i) pending or executed agreements, (ii) market prices for comparable properties or (iii) the sum of discounted cash flows. The Company’s estimates of fair value are determined using either a discounted cash flow model which requires judgements related to the anticipated holding periods, current market conditions and unobservable quantitative inputs, including appropriate capitalization and discount rates, or a market approach.
Given (1) the Company's evaluation of possible indicators of impairment of real estate assets requires management to make significant judgments, including anticipated holding periods, when determining whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of real estate assets may not be recoverable and (2) for those real estate assets where indicators of impairment have been identified, the Company’s evaluation of the recoverability and fair value of such assets requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, our audit procedures to evaluate (a) whether management appropriately identified impairment indicators (b) the reasonableness of management’s undiscounted future cash flows analysis and (c) when required, the reasonableness of the estimated fair values of real estate assets required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the assessment of real estate assets for possible indicators of impairment, the estimate of future operating cash flows, and the determination of fair value for those assets where impairment has been identified included the following, among others:
● We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s identification of possible circumstances that may indicate that the carrying amounts of real estate assets may not be recoverable. We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s cash flow recoverability and fair value analyses, including controls over management’s estimates of future occupancy, rental rates, capital requirements and, as applicable, capitalization and discount rates and management’s selection of comparable properties used in the market approach, when applicable.
● We evaluated the Company’s assessment of impairment indicators by:
- Testing real estate assets for possible indicators of impairment, including searching for adverse asset-specific and/or market conditions.
- Inquiring of management and reading business performance reports and board minutes to identify properties that should be evaluated for shortened anticipated holding periods.
- Developing an expectation of assets for which impairment indicators are identified in management's analysis.
● We evaluated the Company’s future cash flows prepared when an indicator of impairment has been identified by performing the following:
- Discussing with management the assumptions used in the Company’s undiscounted cash flow models and evaluating the consistency of the assumptions used with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.
- Testing the recoverability assessments by developing independent estimates, based in part on applicable third-party market data, and compared our estimates to those used by management.
● We evaluated the Company’s determination of fair value for those assets where impairment had been identified by performing the following:
- With the assistance of our fair value specialists for certain properties, we evaluated the reasonableness of the valuation methodology and the market prices for comparable properties, and we developed a range of independent estimates of fair value and compared our estimates to those used by management.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
McLean, Virginia
February 18, 2025
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except par value amounts)
December 31,
ASSETS
Real estate, at cost:
Land and improvements
$
1,109,172
$
1,194,737
Buildings and improvements
4,083,937
4,021,322
Construction in progress, including land
338,333
659,103
5,531,442
5,875,162
Less: accumulated depreciation
(1,419,983)
(1,338,403)
Real estate, net
4,111,459
4,536,759
Cash and cash equivalents
145,804
164,773
Restricted cash
37,388
35,668
Tenant and other receivables
23,478
44,231
Deferred rent receivable
170,153
171,229
Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures
93,654
264,281
Deferred leasing costs, net
69,821
81,477
Intangible assets, net
47,000
56,616
Other assets, net
131,318
163,481
Assets held for sale
190,465
-
TOTAL ASSETS
$
5,020,540
$
5,518,515
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgage loans, net
$
1,767,173
$
1,783,014
Revolving credit facility
85,000
62,000
Term loans, net
717,853
717,172
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
101,096
124,874
Other liabilities, net
115,827
138,869
Liabilities related to assets held for sale
-
Total liabilities
2,787,850
2,825,929
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
423,632
440,737
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value - 200,000 shares authorized; none issued
-
-
Common shares, $0.01 par value - 500,000 shares authorized; 84,500 and 94,309 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Additional paid-in capital
2,790,403
2,978,852
Accumulated deficit
(997,283)
(776,962)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
15,092
20,042
Total shareholders' equity of JBG SMITH Properties
1,809,058
2,222,876
Noncontrolling interests
-
28,973
Total equity
1,809,058
2,251,849
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY
$
5,020,540
$
5,518,515
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
REVENUE
Property rental
$
456,950
$
483,159
$
491,738
Third-party real estate services, including reimbursements
69,465
92,051
89,022
Other revenue
20,897
28,988
25,064
Total revenue
547,312
604,198
605,824
EXPENSES
Depreciation and amortization
208,180
210,195
213,771
Property operating
146,609
144,049
150,004
Real estate taxes
52,606
57,668
62,167
General and administrative:
Corporate and other
58,790
54,838
58,280
Third-party real estate services
74,264
88,948
94,529
Share-based compensation related to Formation Transaction and special equity awards
-
5,391
Transaction and other costs
5,317
8,737
5,511
Total expenses
545,766
564,984
589,653
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net
(7,122)
(26,999)
(17,429)
Interest and other income, net
11,598
15,781
18,617
Interest expense
(134,068)
(108,660)
(75,930)
Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net
(2,753)
79,335
161,894
Gain (loss) on the extinguishment of debt
9,235
(450)
(3,073)
Impairment loss
(55,427)
(90,226)
-
Total other income (expense)
(178,537)
(131,219)
84,079
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT
(176,991)
(92,005)
100,250
Income tax (expense) benefit
(762)
(1,264)
NET INCOME (LOSS)
(177,753)
(91,709)
98,986
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
22,202
10,596
(13,244)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
12,025
1,135
(371)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
$
(143,526)
$
(79,978)
$
85,371
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED
$
(1.65)
$
(0.78)
$
0.70
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING - BASIC AND DILUTED
88,330
105,095
119,005
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
NET INCOME (LOSS)
$
(177,753)
$
(91,709)
$
98,986
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS):
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments
30,879
2,603
67,576
Reclassification of net (income) loss on derivative financial instruments from accumulated other comprehensive income into interest expense
(34,707)
(34,776)
2,574
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
(3,828)
(32,173)
70,150
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(181,581)
(123,882)
169,136
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
22,202
10,596
(13,244)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
12,025
1,135
(371)
Other comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
4,486
(8,411)
Other comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(1,939)
2,085
(145)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
$
(148,476)
$
(105,580)
$
146,965
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(In thousands)
Accumulated
Other
Additional
Comprehensive
Common Shares
Paid-In
Accumulated
Income
Noncontrolling
Total
Shares
Amount
Capital
Deficit
(Loss)
Interests
Equity
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2021
127,378
$
1,275
$
3,539,916
$
(609,331)
$
(15,950)
$
22,507
$
2,938,417
Net income attributable to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
85,371
-
85,742
Redemption of OP Units for common shares
16,697
-
-
-
16,704
Common shares repurchased
(14,151)
(142)
(360,900)
-
-
-
(361,042)
Common shares issued pursuant to employee incentive compensation plan and ESPP
2,661
-
-
-
2,662
Dividends declared on common shares ($0.90 per common share)
-
-
-
(104,676)
-
-
(104,676)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests, net
-
-
-
-
-
9,202
9,202
Redeemable noncontrolling interests redemption value adjustment and total other comprehensive income allocation
-
-
65,364
-
(8,411)
-
56,953
Total other comprehensive income
-
-
-
-
70,150
-
70,150
Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
-
(145)
-
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022
114,013
1,141
3,263,738
(628,636)
45,644
32,225
2,714,112
Net loss attributable to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
(79,978)
-
(1,135)
(81,113)
Redemption of OP Units for common shares
2,758
44,592
-
-
-
44,620
Common shares repurchased
(22,576)
(225)
(335,088)
-
-
-
(335,313)
Common shares issued pursuant to employee incentive compensation plan and ESPP
-
2,506
-
-
-
2,506
Dividends declared on common shares ($0.675 per common share)
-
-
-
(68,348)
-
-
(68,348)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net
-
-
-
-
-
(32)
(32)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests redemption value adjustment and total other comprehensive loss allocation
-
-
3,104
-
4,486
-
7,590
Total other comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
(32,173)
-
(32,173)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
-
2,085
(2,085)
-
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023
94,309
2,978,852
(776,962)
20,042
28,973
2,251,849
Net loss attributable to common shareholders and noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
(143,526)
-
(12,025)
(155,551)
Redemption of OP Units for common shares
1,025
17,060
-
-
-
17,071
Common shares repurchased
(10,929)
(109)
(170,661)
-
-
-
(170,770)
Common shares issued pursuant to employee incentive compensation plan and ESPP
-
2,187
-
-
-
2,187
Dividends declared on common shares ($0.875 per common share)
-
-
-
(76,795)
-
-
(76,795)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests
-
-
(30,475)
-
-
(18,972)
(49,447)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests, net
-
-
-
-
-
Redeemable noncontrolling interests redemption value adjustment and total other comprehensive loss allocation
-
-
(6,560)
-
-
(5,743)
Total other comprehensive loss
-
-
-
-
(3,828)
-
(3,828)
Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
-
-
-
-
(1,939)
1,939
-
Other
-
-
-
-
-
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024
84,500
$
$
2,790,403
$
(997,283)
$
15,092
$
-
$
1,809,058
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)
$
(177,753)
$
(91,709)
$
98,986
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense
29,524
32,100
41,272
Depreciation and amortization expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs
214,992
215,628
217,841
Deferred rent
(15,531)
(20,664)
(23,602)
Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net
7,122
26,999
17,429
Amortization of market lease intangibles, net
(960)
(1,127)
Amortization of lease incentives
5,631
1,711
7,734
(Gain) loss on the extinguishment of debt
(9,235)
3,073
Impairment loss
55,427
90,226
-
(Gain) loss on the sale of real estate, net
2,753
(79,335)
(161,894)
Loss on operating lease and other receivables
2,595
2,160
Income from investments, net
(3,358)
(972)
(14,488)
Return on capital from unconsolidated real estate ventures
1,894
20,701
11,407
Other non-cash items
5,806
10,818
(5,517)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Tenant and other receivables
18,212
11,123
(13,154)
Other assets, net
(2,089)
(8,959)
(10,737)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
(11,255)
(1,282)
Other liabilities, net
(7,364)
(13,412)
9,936
Net cash provided by operating activities
129,393
183,372
178,037
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Development costs, construction in progress and real estate additions
(218,029)
(333,744)
(326,741)
Acquisition of real estate
-
(19,551)
(65,302)
Proceeds from the sale of real estate
202,024
281,525
928,908
Proceeds from the sale of investments
-
-
19,030
Proceeds from derivative financial instruments
8,230
1,922
-
Payments on derivative financial instruments
(6,468)
(9,830)
-
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated real estate ventures and other investments
164,562
10,503
59,717
Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures and other investments
(6,164)
(29,004)
(91,591)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
144,155
(98,179)
524,021
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings under mortgage loans
187,895
345,140
179,744
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
318,000
371,750
100,000
Borrowings under term loans
-
170,000
150,000
Repayments of mortgage loans
(197,954)
(281,854)
(270,676)
Repayments of revolving credit facility
(295,000)
(309,750)
(400,000)
Proceeds from derivative financial instruments
-
9,600
-
Payments on derivative financial instruments
(5,796)
(1,922)
-
Debt issuance and modification costs
(5,096)
(17,579)
(5,137)
Acquisition/redemption of noncontrolling interests
(49,409)
(647)
(9,531)
Proceeds from common shares issued pursuant to ESPP
1,102
1,458
Common shares repurchased
(170,770)
(335,313)
(361,042)
Dividends paid to common shareholders
(62,007)
(94,002)
(107,688)
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(11,564)
(15,318)
(16,409)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(41)
(32)
(182)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
-
-
9,383
Net cash used in financing activities
(290,797)
(158,825)
(730,080)
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
(17,249)
$
(73,632)
$
(28,022)
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period
200,441
274,073
302,095
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period
$
183,192
$
200,441
$
274,073
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
145,804
$
164,773
$
241,098
Restricted cash
37,388
35,668
32,975
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
183,192
$
200,441
$
274,073
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW AND NON-CASH INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest (net of capitalized interest of $10,383, $17,357 and $10,888 in 2024, 2023 and 2022)
$
116,342
$
88,755
$
71,861
Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses
38,610
63,136
73,612
Write-off of fully depreciated assets
31,809
6,281
19,794
Cash paid for income taxes
1,916
1,205
Accrued dividends to common shareholders
14,788
-
25,653
Accrued distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
2,823
-
3,968
Redemption of OP Units for common shares
17,071
44,620
16,704
Recognition (derecognition) of operating lease right-of-use asset
(13,724)
61,443
-
Recognition (derecognition) of liabilities related to operating lease right-of-use asset
(13,724)
61,443
-
Derecognition of finance lease right-of-use assets
-
-
(179,668)
Derecognition of liabilities related to finance lease right-of-use assets
-
-
(163,586)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for operating leases
9,639
5,178
1,906
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Organization
JBG SMITH Properties ("JBG SMITH"), a Maryland real estate investment trust, owns, operates and develops mixed-use properties concentrated in amenity-rich, Metro-served submarkets in and around Washington, D.C., most notably National Landing, that we believe have long-term growth potential and appeal to residential, office and retail tenants. Through an intense focus on placemaking, JBG SMITH cultivates vibrant, highly amenitized, walkable neighborhoods throughout the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Approximately 75.0% of our holdings are in the National Landing submarket in Northern Virginia, which is anchored by four key demand drivers: Amazon.com, Inc.'s ("Amazon") headquarters; Virginia Tech's $1 billion Innovation Campus; proximity to the Pentagon; and our placemaking initiatives and public infrastructure improvements. In addition, our third-party real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services to third parties, including the legacy funds formerly organized by The JBG Companies ("JBG") (the "JBG Legacy Funds").
Substantially all our assets are held by, and our operations are conducted through, JBG SMITH Properties LP ("JBG SMITH LP"), our operating partnership. As of December 31, 2024, JBG SMITH, as its sole general partner, controlled JBG SMITH LP and owned 86.0% of its OP Units, after giving effect to the conversion of certain vested long-term incentive partnership units ("LTIP Units") that are convertible into OP Units. JBG SMITH is referred to herein as "we," "us," "our" or other similar terms. References to "our share" refer to our ownership percentage of consolidated and unconsolidated assets in real estate ventures, but exclude our 10.0% subordinated interest in one commercial building and our 33.5% subordinated interest in four commercial buildings (the "Fortress Assets"), as well as the associated non-recourse mortgage loans, held through unconsolidated real estate ventures; these interests and debt are excluded because our investment in each real estate venture is zero, we do not anticipate receiving any near-term cash flow distributions from the real estate ventures, and we have not guaranteed their obligations or otherwise committed to providing financial support.
We were organized for the purpose of receiving, via the spin-off on July 17, 2017 (the "Separation"), substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Vornado Realty Trust's ("Vornado") Washington, D.C. segment. On July 18, 2017, we acquired the management business and certain assets and liabilities of JBG (the "Combination"). The Separation and the Combination are collectively referred to as the "Formation Transaction."
As of December 31, 2024, our Operating Portfolio consisted of 38 operating assets comprising 16 multifamily assets totaling 6,781 units (6,781 units at our share), 20 commercial assets totaling 6.7 million square feet (6.3 million square feet at our share) and two wholly owned land assets for which we are the ground lessor. Additionally, we have one under-construction multifamily asset with 775 units (775 units at our share) and 19 assets in our development pipeline totaling 11.0 million square feet (8.9 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density.
We derive our revenue primarily from leases with multifamily and commercial tenants. Revenue under our multifamily leases is generally due on a monthly basis with terms of approximately one year or less, and may include income from utility recoveries, parking and other miscellaneous items. Our commercial leases include fixed and percentage rents, and reimbursements from tenants for certain expenses such as real estate taxes, property operating expenses, and repairs and maintenance. In addition, our third-party real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services.
Only commercial leases with the U.S. federal government accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Rental revenue from the U.S. federal government
$
64,958
$
64,439
$
75,516
Percentage of total revenue
11.9
%
10.7
%
12.5
%
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs"), including JBG SMITH LP. See Note 6 for additional information. The portions of the equity and net income (loss) of consolidated entities that are not attributable to us are presented separately as amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Asset Acquisitions
We account for asset acquisitions, which includes the consolidation of previously unconsolidated real estate ventures, at cost, including transaction costs, plus the fair value of any assumed debt. We estimate the fair values of acquired tangible assets (consisting of real estate, tenant and other receivables, and other assets, as applicable), identified intangible assets and liabilities (consisting of in-place leases and above- and below-market leases, as applicable), assumed debt and other liabilities, and noncontrolling interests, as applicable, based on our evaluation of information and estimates available at the date of acquisition. Based on these estimates, we allocate the purchase price, including all transaction costs related to the acquisition and any contingent consideration, to the identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair value. The results of operations of acquisitions are prospectively included in our consolidated financial statements beginning with the date of the acquisition.
The fair values of buildings are determined using the "as-if vacant" approach whereby we use discounted cash flow models with inputs and assumptions that we believe are consistent with current market conditions for similar assets. The most significant assumptions in determining the allocation of the purchase price to buildings are the exit capitalization rate, discount rate, estimated market rents and hypothetical expected lease-up periods, when applicable. We assess the fair value of land based on market comparisons and development projects using an income approach of cost plus a margin.
The fair values of identified intangible assets and liabilities are determined based on the following:
● The value allocable to the above- or below-market component of an acquired in-place lease is determined based upon the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the acquired lease) of the difference between: (i) the contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the lease over its remaining term and (ii) management's estimate of the amounts that would be received using market rates over the remaining term of the lease. Amounts allocated to above-market leases are recorded as lease intangible assets in "Intangible assets, net" in our consolidated balance sheets, and amounts allocated to below-market leases are recorded as lease intangible liabilities in "Other liabilities, net" in our consolidated balance sheets. These intangibles are amortized to "Property rental revenue" in our consolidated statements of operations over the remaining terms of the respective leases.
● Factors considered in determining the value allocable to in-place leases during hypothetical lease-up periods related to space that is leased at the time of acquisition include: (i) lost rent and operating cost recoveries during the hypothetical lease-up period and (ii) theoretical leasing commissions required to execute similar leases. These intangible assets are recorded as lease intangible assets in "Intangible assets, net" in our consolidated balance
sheets and are amortized to "Depreciation and amortization expense" in our consolidated statements of operations over the remaining term of the existing lease.
Real Estate
Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and are included in "Property operating expenses" in our consolidated statements of operations.
Construction in progress, including land, is carried at cost, and no depreciation is recorded. All direct and indirect costs related to development activities, including redevelopment activities, are capitalized to the extent that we believe such costs are recoverable through the value of the property into "Construction in progress, including land" in our consolidated balance sheets, except for certain demolition costs, which are expensed as incurred. Direct development costs incurred include: pre-development expenditures directly related to a specific project, development and construction costs, interest, insurance and real estate taxes. Indirect development costs include: employee salaries and benefits, travel and other related costs that are directly associated with the development. Our method of calculating capitalized interest expense is based upon applying our weighted average borrowing rate to the actual accumulated expenditures if the property does not have property specific debt. If the property is encumbered by specific debt, we will capitalize both the interest incurred applicable to that debt and additional interest expense using our weighted average borrowing rate for any accumulated expenditures in excess of the principal balance of the debt encumbering the property. The capitalization of such expenses ceases when the real estate is ready for its intended use, but no later than one-year from substantial completion of major construction activities at which point the costs associated with a property are allocated to its various components.
Depreciation and amortization expense require an estimate of the useful life of each property and improvement. Depreciation and amortization expense are recognized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives, which range from three to 40 years. Tenant improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases, which approximate the useful lives of the tenant improvements. When assets are sold or retired, their costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts with the resulting gains (losses) reflected in net income (loss) for the period.
Our real estate and related intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever there are changes in circumstances or indicators that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. These indicators may include declining operating performance, below average occupancy, shortened anticipated holding periods, costs in excess of budgets for under-construction assets and other adverse changes. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Estimates of future cash flows are based on our current plans, anticipated holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. Longer anticipated holding periods for real estate assets directly reduce the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of the property's carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Estimated fair values are calculated based on the following information in order of preference, dependent upon availability: (i) pending or executed agreements, (ii) market prices for comparable properties or (iii) the sum of discounted cash flows.
If our estimates of future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, asset strategy or fair values change, based on market conditions, anticipated selling prices or other factors, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimates of future cash flows are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates, capitalization and discount rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with a purchase date life to maturity of three months or less and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term maturities.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of proceeds from property dispositions held in escrow, security deposits held on behalf of our tenants and cash escrowed under loan agreements for debt service, real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements.
Investments in Real Estate Ventures
We analyze each real estate venture at acquisition, formation, after a change in the ownership agreement, after a change in the entity's economics or after any other reconsideration event to determine whether the entity is a VIE. An entity is a VIE because it is in the development stage and/or does not hold sufficient equity at risk, or conducts substantially all its operations on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights. If it is determined that an entity is a VIE in which we have a variable interest, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE to determine whether it should be consolidated. We will consolidate a VIE if we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE, which entails having the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance. We are not the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we do not have voting control, lack the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance, or the limited partners (or non-managing members) have substantive participatory rights. If it is determined that the real estate venture is not a VIE, then the determination as to whether we consolidate is based on whether we have a controlling financial interest in the real estate venture, which is based on our voting interests and the degree of influence we have over the real estate venture. Management uses judgment when determining if we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE or have a controlling financial interest in a real estate venture determined not to be a VIE. Factors considered in determining whether we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance include voting rights, involvement in day-to-day capital and operating decisions, and the extent of our involvement in the entity.
We use the equity method of accounting for investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures when we have significant influence but are not the primary beneficiary of a VIE or do not have a controlling financial interest in a real estate venture determined not to be a VIE. Significant influence is typically indicated through ownership of 20% or more of the voting interests. Under the equity method, we record our investments in these entities in "Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures" in our consolidated balance sheets, and our proportionate share of earnings (losses) earned by the real estate venture is recognized in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
We earn revenue from the management services we provide to unconsolidated real estate ventures. These fees are determined in accordance with the terms specific to each arrangement and may include property and asset management fees, or transactional fees for leasing, acquisition, development and construction, financing and legal services provided. We account for this revenue gross of our ownership interest in each respective real estate venture and recognize such revenue in "Third-party real estate services, including reimbursements" in our consolidated statements of operations when earned. Our proportionate share of related expenses is recognized in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statements of operations.
We may also earn incremental promote distributions if certain financial return benchmarks are achieved upon ultimate disposition of the underlying properties. Promote revenue is recognized when certain earnings events have occurred, and the amount of revenue is determinable and collectible. Any promote revenue is reflected in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statements of operations. In the event our investment in a real estate venture is reduced to zero, and we are not obligated to provide for additional losses, have not guaranteed its obligations or otherwise committed to providing financial support, we will discontinue the equity method of accounting until such point that our share of net income equals the share of net losses not recognized during the period the equity method was suspended.
With regard to distributions from unconsolidated real estate ventures, we use the information that is available to us to determine the nature of the underlying activity that generated the distributions. Using the nature of distribution approach, cash flows generated from the operations of an unconsolidated real estate venture are classified as a return on investment (cash inflow from operating activities) and cash flows from property sales, debt refinancing or sales of our investments are classified as a return of investment (cash inflow from investing activities).
On a periodic basis, we evaluate our investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures for impairment. An investment in a real estate venture is considered impaired if we determine that its fair value is less than the net carrying value of the investment in that real estate venture on an other-than-temporary basis. Cash flow projections for the investments consider property level factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, anticipated holding periods, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. We consider various qualitative factors to determine if a decrease in the value of our investment is other-than-temporary. These factors include the age of the venture, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the real estate venture, financial condition and long-term prospects of the real estate venture and relationships with our partners and banks. If we believe that the decline in the fair value of the investment is temporary, no impairment loss is recorded. If our analysis indicates that there is an other-than temporary impairment related to the investment in a particular real estate venture, the carrying value of the venture will be adjusted to an amount that reflects the estimated fair value of the investment.
We evaluate reconsideration events as we become aware of them. Reconsideration events include, among other criteria, amendments to real estate venture agreements or changes in the capital requirements of the real estate venture. A reconsideration event could cause us to consolidate an unconsolidated real estate venture or deconsolidate a consolidated entity.
Intangibles
Intangible assets primarily consist of: (i) in-place leases, below-market ground rent obligations, and above-market real estate leases that were recorded in connection with the acquisition of properties and (ii) management and leasing contracts and options to enter into ground leases that were acquired in the Combination. Intangible liabilities consist of above-market ground rent obligations and below-market real estate leases that are also recorded in connection with the acquisition of properties. Both intangible assets and liabilities are amortized and accreted using the straight-line method over their applicable remaining useful life. When a lease or contract is terminated early, any remaining unamortized or unaccreted balances are charged to earnings. The useful lives of intangible assets are evaluated each reporting period with any changes in estimated useful lives being accounted for over the revised remaining useful life.
Intangible assets also include the wireless spectrum licenses we acquired. While the licenses are issued for ten years, as long as we act within the requirements and constraints of the regulatory authorities, the renewal and extension of these licenses is reasonably certain at minimal cost, which would be capitalized as part of the asset. Accordingly, we have concluded that the licenses are indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Investments
Investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost. Investments in investment funds without readily determinable fair values that qualify for the net asset value ("NAV") practical expedient are carried at fair value based on their reported NAV. Investments in equity securities and investment funds are included in "Other assets, net" in our consolidated balance sheets. Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are included in "Interest and other income, net" in our consolidated statements of operations.
Assets Held for Sale
Assets, primarily consisting of real estate, are classified as held for sale when all the necessary criteria are met. The criteria include: (i) management, having the authority to approve action, commits to a plan to sell the property in its present condition, (ii) the sale of the property is at a price reasonable in relation to its current fair value and (iii) the sale is probable and expected to be completed within one year. Real estate held for sale is carried at the lower of carrying amounts or estimated fair value less disposal costs. Depreciation and amortization expense is not recognized on real estate classified as held for sale.
Deferred Costs
Deferred leasing costs include direct and incremental costs incurred in the successful negotiation of leases, including leasing commissions and other costs, which are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the corresponding lease term. Unamortized leasing costs are charged to expense upon the early termination of the lease.
Deferred financing costs consist of loan issuance costs directly related to financing transactions that are deferred and amortized over the term of the related loan as a component of interest expense. Unamortized deferred financing costs related to our mortgage loans and term loans are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amounts of the related debt instruments, while such costs related to our revolving credit facility are included in other assets.
Noncontrolling Interests
We identify our noncontrolling interests separately in our consolidated balance sheets. Amounts of consolidated net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and to the noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries are presented separately in our consolidated statements of operations.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests - Redeemable noncontrolling interests primarily consists of OP Units issued in conjunction with the Formation Transaction and LTIP Units issued to employees. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are generally redeemable at the option of the holder for our common shares, or cash at our election, subject to certain limitations, and are presented in the mezzanine section between total liabilities and shareholders' equity in our consolidated balance sheets. The carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests is adjusted to its redemption value at the end of each reporting period, but no less than its initial carrying value, with such adjustments recognized in "Additional paid-in capital." See Note 13 for additional information.
Noncontrolling Interests - Noncontrolling interests represents the portion of equity that we do not own in entities we consolidate, including interests in consolidated real estate ventures.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting
Derivative financial instruments are used at times to manage exposure to variable interest rate risk. Derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and are measured at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. Cash flows and related gains (losses) associated with derivative financial instruments are classified as operating cash flows in our consolidated statements of cash flows, unless the derivative financial instrument contains an other-than-insignificant financing element at inception, in which case the related cash flows are reported as either cash flows from investing or financing activities depending on the derivative's off-market nature at inception.
Derivative Financial Instruments Designated as Effective Hedges - Certain derivative financial instruments, consisting of interest rate swap and cap agreements, are cash flow hedges that are designated as effective hedges, and are carried at their estimated fair value on a recurring basis. We assess the effectiveness of our hedges both at inception and on an ongoing basis. If the hedges are deemed to be effective, the fair value is recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive income" in our consolidated balance sheets and is subsequently reclassified into "Interest expense" in our consolidated statements of operations in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. Our hedges become less than perfectly effective if the critical terms of the hedging instrument and the forecasted transactions do not perfectly match such as notional amounts, settlement dates, reset dates, calculation period and interest rates. In addition, we evaluate the default risk of the counterparty by monitoring the creditworthiness of the counterparty.
Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities require management to make judgments on the nature of its derivatives and their effectiveness as hedges. These judgments determine if the changes in fair value of the derivative instruments are reported in our consolidated statements of operations, or in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
Non-Designated Derivatives - Certain derivative financial instruments, consisting of interest rate cap agreements, are used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements, but do not meet the accounting requirements to be classified as hedging instruments. These derivatives are carried at their estimated fair value on a recurring basis with realized and unrealized gains (losses) recorded in "Interest expense" in our consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820 ("Topic 820"), Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures, defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. The objective of fair value is to determine the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three levels:
Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities;
Level 2 - observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets, but corroborated by market data; and
Level 3 - unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available.
The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as consider counterparty credit risk in our assessment of fair value. Investments that are valued using NAV as a practical expedient are excluded from the fair value hierarchy disclosures.
Revenue Recognition
We have leases with various tenants across our portfolio of properties, which generate rental income and operating cash flows for our benefit. Through these leases, we provide tenants with the right to control the use of our real estate, which tenants agree to use and control. The right to control our real estate conveys to our tenants substantially all of the economic benefits and the right to direct how and for what purpose the real estate is used throughout the period of use, thereby meeting the definition of a lease. Leases will be classified as either operating, sales-type or direct finance leases based on whether the lease is structured in effect as a financed purchase.
Property rental revenue includes base rent each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease and is reported on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease, which includes the effects of periodic step-ups in rent and rent abatements under the lease. When a renewal option is included within the lease, we assess whether the option is reasonably certain of being exercised against relevant economic factors to determine whether the option period should be included as part of the lease term. Further, property rental revenue includes tenant reimbursement revenue from the recovery of all or a portion of the operating expenses and real estate taxes of the respective assets. Tenant reimbursements, which vary each period, are non-lease components that are not the predominant activity within the contract. We have elected the practical expedient that allows us to combine certain lease and non-lease components of our operating leases. Non-lease components are recognized together with fixed base rent in "Property rental revenue," as variable lease income in the same periods as the related expenses are incurred. Certain commercial leases may also provide for the payment by the lessee of additional rents based on a percentage of sales, which are recorded as variable lease income in the period the additional rents are earned.
We commence rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space or controls the physical use of the leased space and when the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. In circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of property rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease commencing when the tenant takes possession of the space. Differences between rental revenue recognized and amounts due under the respective lease agreements are recorded as an increase or decrease to "Deferred rent receivable" in our consolidated balance sheets. Property rental revenue also includes the amortization or accretion of acquired above- and below-market leases. We periodically evaluate the collectability of amounts due from tenants and recognize an adjustment to property rental revenue for accounts receivable and deferred rent receivable if we conclude it is not probable, we will collect substantially all of
the remaining lease payments under the lease agreements. Any changes to the provision for lease revenue determined to be not probable of collection are included in "Property rental revenue" in our consolidated statements of operations. We exercise judgment in assessing the probability of collection and consider payment history, current credit status and economic outlook in making this determination.
Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements, includes property and asset management fees, and transactional fees for leasing, acquisition, development and construction, financing, and legal services. These fees are determined in accordance with the terms specific to each arrangement and are recognized as the related services are performed. Development fees are earned from providing services to third-party property owners and our unconsolidated real estate ventures. The performance obligations associated with our development services contracts are satisfied over time and we recognize our development fee revenue using a time-based measure of progress over the course of the development project due to the stand-ready nature of the promised services. The transaction prices for our performance obligations are variable based on the costs ultimately incurred to develop the underlying assets and are estimated based on their expected value. Our transaction prices, and the corresponding recognition of revenue, are constrained such that a significant reversal of revenue is not probable when the variability is subsequently resolved. Judgments impacting the timing and amount of revenue recognized from our development services contracts include the determination of the nature and number of performance obligations within a contract, estimates of total development project costs, from which the fees are typically derived, the application of a constraint to our transaction price and estimates of the period of time over which the development services are expected to be performed, which is the period over which the revenue is recognized. We recognize development fees earned from unconsolidated real estate venture projects to the extent of our venture partners' ownership interest.
Third-Party Real Estate Services Expenses
Third-party real estate services expenses include the costs associated with the management services provided to our unconsolidated real estate ventures and other third parties, including amounts paid to third-party contractors for construction projects that we manage. We allocate personnel and other overhead costs using estimates of the time spent performing services for our third-party real estate services and other allocation methodologies.
Lessee Accounting
We have, or have entered in the past, operating and finance leases, including ground leases on certain of our properties. When a renewal option is included within a lease, we assess whether the option is reasonably certain of being exercised against relevant economic factors to determine whether the option period should be included as part of the lease term. Lease payments associated with renewal periods that we are reasonably certain will be exercised are included in the measurement of the corresponding lease liability and right-of-use asset. Lease expense for our operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term and is included in our consolidated statements of operations in "Property operating expenses." Amortization of the right-of-use asset associated with a finance lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term and is included in our consolidated statements of operations in "Depreciation and amortization expense" with the related interest on our outstanding lease liability included in "Interest expense."
Certain lease agreements include variable lease payments that, in the future, will vary based on changes in inflationary measures, market rates or our share of expenditures of the leased premises. Such variable payments are recognized in lease expense in the period in which the variability is determined. Certain lease agreements may also include various non-lease components that primarily relate to property operating expenses associated with our office leases, which also vary each period. We have elected the practical expedient which allows us to combine lease and non-lease components for our ground and office leases and recognize variable non-lease components in lease expense when incurred.
We discount our future lease payments for each lease to calculate the related lease liability using an estimated incremental borrowing rate computed based on observable corporate borrowing rates reflective of the general economic environment, taking into consideration our creditworthiness and various financing and asset specific considerations, adjusted to approximate a secured borrowing for the lease term. We made a policy election to forgo recording right-of-use assets and the related lease liabilities for leases with initial terms of 12 months or less.
Income Taxes
We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under sections 856-860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as dividends to its shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income which is distributed to its shareholders. We currently adhere and intend to continue to adhere to these requirements and to maintain our REIT status in future periods.
As a REIT, we can reduce our taxable income by distributing all or a portion of such taxable income to shareholders. Future distributions will be declared and paid at the discretion of the Board of Trustees and will depend upon cash generated by operating activities, our financial condition, capital requirements, annual dividend requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code and such other factors as our Board of Trustees deems relevant.
We also participate in the activities conducted by our subsidiary entities that have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRS") under the Code. As such, we are subject to federal, state, and local taxes on the income from these activities. Income taxes attributable to our TRSs are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in our consolidated financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. We provide for a valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets if we believe all or some portion of the deferred tax asset may not be realized. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance that results from a change in circumstances that causes a change in the estimated ability to realize the related deferred tax asset is included in deferred tax benefit (expense).
ASC 740 ("Topic 740"), Income Taxes, provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented and disclosed in our consolidated financial statements. Topic 740 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are "more-likely-than-not" of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recorded as a tax expense in the current year.
Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Unvested share-based compensation awards that entitle holders to receive non-forfeitable distributions are considered participating securities. Consequently, we are required to apply the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings (loss) that would otherwise have been available to common shareholders. Under the two-class method, earnings for the period are allocated between common shareholders and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. During periods of net loss, losses are allocated only to the extent the participating securities are required to absorb their share of such losses. Distributions to participating securities in excess of their allocated income (loss) are shown as a reduction to net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share reflects the potential dilution of the assumed exchange of various unit and share-based compensation awards into common shares to the extent they are dilutive.
Share-Based Compensation
The fair value of share-based compensation awards granted to our trustees, management or employees is determined, depending on the type of award, using the Monte Carlo or Black-Scholes methods, which is intended to estimate the fair value of the awards at the grant date using dividend yields, expected volatilities that are primarily based on available implied data and peer group companies' historical data and post-vesting restriction periods. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The shortcut method is used for determining the expected life used in the valuation method.
Compensation expense is based on the fair value of our common shares at the date of the grant and is recognized ratably over the vesting period using a graded vesting attribution model. Compensation expense for share-based compensation
awards made to retirement eligible employees is recognized over a six-month period after the grant date or over the remaining period until they become retirement eligible. We account for forfeitures as they occur. Distributions paid on unvested OP Units and LTIP Units are recorded to "Redeemable noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated balance sheets. Distributions paid on unvested Restricted Share Units ("RSUs") are recorded to "Additional paid-in capital" in our consolidated balance sheets.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Standard Adopted
Segment Reporting
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segments Disclosures." ASU 2023-07 enhances disclosures of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and extends certain annual disclosures to interim periods. Retrospective adoption to all periods presented is required. ASU 2023-07 does not change the existing guidance on how a public entity identifies and determines its reportable segments. In 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-07, which did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements, but resulted in incremental segment disclosures. See Note 20 for additional information.
Standards Not Yet Adopted
Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." ASU 2024-03 requires expanded interim and annual disclosures of certain expense information in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The guidance can be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.
Climate-Related Disclosures
In March 2024, the SEC issued final rules on the enhancement and standardization of climate-related disclosures. The rules require disclosure of, among other things, (i) actual and potential material impacts of climate-related risks on our strategy, business model and outlook, (ii) climate-related targets and goals that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition, (iii) governance and management of climate-related risks and (iv) material Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the rules require disclosures in the notes to the financial statements regarding the effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions, subject to certain materiality thresholds, and certain carbon offsets and renewable energy certificates. The rules are effective on a phased-in timeline beginning in the annual reports for the year ended December 31, 2025. In April 2024, the SEC announced a stay of these climate disclosure rules pending judicial review. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting these new rules on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.
Income Taxes
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("Topic 740"). Topic 740 modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (i) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (ii) the income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (iii) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). Topic 740 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This guidance should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application
is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
3. Acquisitions, Dispositions and Assets Held for Sale
Acquisitions
During 2023, we paid the deferred purchase price of $19.6 million related to the 2020 acquisition of a development parcel, formerly the Americana hotel.
In October 2022, we acquired the remaining 50.0% ownership interest in 8001 Woodmont, a 322-unit multifamily asset in Bethesda, Maryland previously owned by an unconsolidated real estate venture, for a purchase price of $115.0 million, including the assumption of the $51.9 million mortgage loan at our share. The asset was encumbered by a $103.8 million mortgage loan and was consolidated as of the date of acquisition. We recorded our investment in the asset at the carryover basis for our previously held equity investment plus the incremental cash consideration paid to acquire our partner's interest.
In August 2022, we acquired the remaining 36.0% ownership interest in Atlantic Plumbing, a 310-unit multifamily asset in Washington, D.C. previously owned by an unconsolidated real estate venture, which was encumbered by a $100.0 million mortgage loan, for a purchase price of $19.7 million and our partner’s share of the working capital. The mortgage loan was repaid in August 2022. Atlantic Plumbing was consolidated as of the date of acquisition. We recorded our investment in the asset at the carryover basis for our previously held equity investment plus the incremental cash consideration paid to acquire our partner's interest.
Dispositions
The following is a summary of disposition activity:
Gain (Loss)
Gross
Cash
on the Sale
Sales
Proceeds
of Real
Date Disposed
Assets
Segment
Price
from Sale
Estate
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2024
January 22, 2024
North End Retail
Multifamily
$
14,250
$
12,410
$
(1,200)
September 17, 2024
Fort Totten Square
Multifamily
86,800
84,600
(5,352)
December 19, 2024
2101 L Street (1)
Commercial
110,101
105,014
-
Other (2)
3,799
$
(2,753)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
March 17, 2023
Development Parcel
Other
$
5,500
$
4,954
$
(53)
March 23, 2023
4747 Bethesda Avenue (3)
Commercial
40,053
September 20, 2023
Falkland Chase-South & West and Falkland Chase-North
Multifamily
95,000
93,094
1,208
October 4, 2023
5 M Street Southwest
Other
29,500
28,585
November 30, 2023
Crystal City Marriott
Commercial
80,000
79,563
37,051
December 5, 2023
Capitol Point-North-75 New York Avenue
Other
11,516
11,285
(23)
Other (4)
$
79,335
Year Ended December 31, 2022
March 28, 2022
Development Parcel
Other
$
3,250
$
3,149
$
(136)
April 1, 2022
Universal Buildings (5)
Commercial
228,000
194,737
41,245
April 13, 2022
7200 Wisconsin Avenue,
1730 M Street,
RTC-West and
Courthouse Plaza 1 and 2 (6)
Commercial/
Other
580,000
527,694
(4,047)
May 25, 2022
Pen Place
Other
198,000
197,528
121,502
December 23, 2022
Land Option
Other
6,150
5,800
3,330
$
161,894
(1) In connection with the sale of 2101 L Street, the lender of the related $120.9 million mortgage loan accepted the proceeds from the sale and $6.7 million of cash as repayment of the mortgage loan, resulting in a $9.2 million gain on the extinguishment of debt, which was included in "Gain (loss) on the extinguishment of debt" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(2) Primarily related to the reversal of certain previously recorded contingent liabilities which were relieved in connection with the sale of Central Place Tower by one of our unconsolidated real estate ventures. See Note 5 for additional information.
(3) We sold an 80.0% interest in the asset for a gross sales price of $196.0 million, representing a gross valuation of $245.0 million. See Note 5 for additional information.
(4) Related to prior period dispositions.
(5) Cash proceeds from sale excludes a lease termination fee of $24.3 million received during the first quarter of 2022.
(6) Assets were sold to an unconsolidated real estate venture. See Note 5 for additional information. "RTC-West" refers to RTC-West, RTC-West Trophy Office and RTC-West Land. In April 2022, $164.8 million of mortgage loans related to 1730 M Street and RTC-West were repaid.
Assets Held for Sale
The following is a summary of assets held for sale as of December 31, 2024. There were no assets held for sale as of December 31, 2023.
Liabilities Related
Number of
Assets Held
to Assets Held
Assets
Segment
Location
Units
for Sale
for Sale
(In thousands)
8001 Woodmont
Multifamily
Bethesda, Maryland
$
190,465
$
4. Tenant and Other Receivables
The following is a summary of tenant and other receivables:
December 31,
(In thousands)
Tenants
$
13,483
$
30,895
Third-party real estate services
6,246
8,959
Other
3,749
4,377
Total tenant and other receivables
$
23,478
$
44,231
5. Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures
The following is a summary of the composition of our investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures:
Effective
Ownership
December 31,
Real Estate Venture
Interest (1)
(In thousands)
J.P. Morgan Global Alternatives ("J.P. Morgan") (2)
50.0%
$
74,188
$
72,742
4747 Bethesda Venture
20.0%
10,813
13,118
Brandywine Realty Trust (3)
30.0%
6,954
13,681
Prudential Global Investment Management ("PGIM") (4)
50.0%
163,375
Landmark Partners ("Landmark") (5)
18.0%
CBREI Venture (6)
10.0%
Other
Total investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures (7) (8)
$
93,654
$
264,281
(1) Reflects our effective ownership interests in the underlying real estate as of December 31, 2024. We have multiple investments with certain venture partners in the underlying real estate.
(2) J.P. Morgan is the advisor for an institutional investor.
(3) Impairment losses of $6.7 million related to development parcels were included in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(4) An impairment loss of $25.3 million related to Central Place Tower was included in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. In February 2024, the venture sold its interest in Central Place Tower.
(5) In November 2023, the venture sold its interest in Rosslyn Gateway-North, Rosslyn Gateway-South, Rosslyn Gateway-South Land and Rosslyn Gateway-North Land ("Rosslyn Gateway"). Impairment losses totaling $19.3 million related to the L'Enfant Plaza assets and the Rosslyn Gateway assets were included in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. Excludes the L'Enfant Plaza assets for which we had a zero-investment balance and discontinued applying the equity method of accounting after September 30, 2022. In October 2024, the lender foreclosed on the mortgage loan secured by the L’Enfant Plaza assets and took possession of the properties.
(6) In August 2023, the venture sold its interest in Stonebridge at Potomac Town Center. An impairment loss of $3.3 million related to The Foundry was included in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. Excludes The Foundry for which we had a zero-investment balance and discontinued applying the equity method of accounting after September 30, 2023. In April 2024, the lender foreclosed on the mortgage loan secured by The Foundry and took possession of the property. In August 2022, we acquired the remaining 36.0% ownership interest in Atlantic Plumbing, an asset previously owned by the venture. See Note 3 for additional information.
(7) Excludes (i) 10.0% subordinated interest in one commercial building, (ii) the Fortress Assets, (iii) the L'Enfant Plaza assets and (iv) The Foundry. Also, excludes our interest in an investment in the real estate venture that owns 1101 17th Street for which we have discontinued applying the equity method of accounting since June 30, 2018 because we received distributions in excess of our contributions and share of earnings, which reduced our investment to zero; further, we are not obligated to provide for losses, have not guaranteed its obligations or otherwise committed to provide financial support.
(8) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our total investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures were greater than our share of the net book value of the underlying assets by $10.6 million and $8.7 million, resulting principally from our zero-investment balance in certain real estate ventures and capitalized interest.
We provide leasing, property management and other real estate services to our unconsolidated real estate ventures. We recognized revenue, including expense reimbursements, of $16.3 million, $21.7 million and $24.0 million for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, for such services.
The following is a summary of disposition activity by our unconsolidated real estate ventures:
Mortgage
Proportionate
Real Estate
Gross
Loans
Share of
Venture
Ownership
Sales
Repaid by
Aggregate
Date Disposed
Partner
Assets
Percentage
Price
Venture
Gain (Loss) (1)
(Dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2024
February 13, 2024
PGIM
Central Place Tower
50.0%
$
325,000
$
-
$
Year Ended December 31, 2023
August 24, 2023
CBREI Venture
Stonebridge at Potomac Town Center
10.0%
$
172,500
$
79,600
$
November 14, 2023
Landmark
Rosslyn Gateway
18.0%
52,000
44,844
(230)
$
Year Ended December 31, 2022
January 27, 2022
Landmark
The Alaire, The Terano and 12511 Parklawn Drive
1.8% - 18.0%
$
137,500
$
79,829
$
5,243
May 10, 2022
Landmark
Galvan
1.8%
152,500
89,500
June 1, 2022
Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board
1900 N Street
55.0%
265,000
151,709
December 15, 2022
CBREI Venture
The Gale Eckington
5.0%
215,550
110,813
$
6,797
(1) Included in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, we recognized $3.8 million related to certain previously recorded contingent liabilities, which were relieved in connection with the sale of Central Place Tower and included in "Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.
4747 Bethesda Venture
In March 2023, we sold an 80.0% interest in 4747 Bethesda Avenue to 4747 Bethesda Venture for a gross sales price of $196.0 million, representing a gross valuation of $245.0 million. In connection with the transaction, the real estate venture assumed the related $175.0 million mortgage loan.
Fortress Investment Group LLC ("Fortress")
In April 2022, we formed an unconsolidated real estate venture with affiliates of Fortress to recapitalize a 1.6 million square foot office portfolio and land parcels for a gross sales price of $580.0 million comprising four wholly owned commercial assets (7200 Wisconsin Avenue, 1730 M Street, RTC-West and Courthouse Plaza 1 and 2). Additionally, we contributed $66.1 million in cash for a 33.5% interest in the venture, while Fortress contributed $131.0 million in cash for a 66.5% interest in the venture. In connection with the transaction, the venture obtained mortgage loans totaling $458.0 million secured by the properties, of which $402.0 million was drawn at closing. We provide asset management, property management and leasing services to the venture. Because our interest in the venture is subordinated to a 15% preferred return to Fortress, we do not anticipate receiving any near-term cash flow distributions from it. Per the terms of the venture agreement, we determined the venture was not a VIE and we do not have a controlling financial interest in the venture. As of the transaction date, our investment in the venture was zero, and we have discontinued applying the equity method of accounting as we have not guaranteed its obligations or otherwise committed to providing financial support.
The following is a summary of the debt of our unconsolidated real estate ventures:
Weighted
Average Effective
December 31,
Interest Rate (1)
(In thousands)
Variable rate (2)
5.68%
$
175,000
$
175,000
Fixed rate (3)
4.13%
60,000
60,000
Mortgage loans (4)
235,000
235,000
Unamortized deferred financing costs and premium / discount, net
(5,795)
(8,531)
Mortgage loans, net (4) (5)
$
229,205
$
226,469
(1) Weighted average effective interest rate as of December 31, 2024.
(2) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rate cap agreements.
(3) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rates fixed by interest rate swap agreements.
(4) Excludes mortgage loans related to the Fortress Assets, the L'Enfant Plaza assets and The Foundry. In April 2024, the lender foreclosed on the mortgage loan secured by The Foundry and took possession of the property. In October 2024, the lender foreclosed on the mortgage loan secured by the L’Enfant Plaza assets and took possession of the properties.
(5) See Note 21 for additional information on guarantees related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures.
The following is a summary of the financial information for our unconsolidated real estate ventures:
December 31,
(In thousands)
Combined balance sheet information: (1)
Real estate, net
$
424,170
$
729,791
Other assets, net
64,478
137,771
Total assets
$
488,648
$
867,562
Mortgage loans, net
$
229,205
$
226,469
Other liabilities, net
27,019
47,251
Total liabilities
256,224
273,720
Total equity
232,424
593,842
Total liabilities and equity
$
488,648
$
867,562
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Combined income statement information: (1)
Total revenue
$
37,219
$
85,280
$
143,665
Operating income (loss) (2)
(14,195)
(62,668)
91,473
Net income (loss) (2)
(30,041)
(85,551)
59,215
(1) Excludes amounts related to the Fortress Assets. Excludes combined balance sheet information for both periods presented and combined income statement information for 2024, 2023 and the fourth quarter of 2022 related to the L'Enfant Plaza assets as we discontinued applying the equity method of accounting after September 30, 2022. Excludes combined balance sheet information for both periods presented and combined income statement information for 2024 and the fourth quarter of 2023 related to The Foundry as we discontinued applying the equity method of accounting after September 30, 2023.
(2) Includes the gain from the sale of various assets totaling $894,000, $3.0 million and $114.9 million for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024. Includes impairment losses of $22.5 million, $80.7 million and $37.7 million for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024.
6. Variable Interest Entities
Unconsolidated VIEs
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had interests in entities deemed to be VIEs. Although we may be responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of these investees, we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs, as we do not hold unilateral power over activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the respective VIE's economic performance. We account for our investment in these entities under the equity method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net carrying amounts of our investment in these entities were $82.0 million and $87.3 million, which were included in "Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures" in our consolidated balance sheets. Our equity in the income of unconsolidated VIEs was included in "Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net" in our consolidated statements of operations. Our maximum loss exposure in these entities is limited to our investments, construction commitments and debt guarantees. See Note 21 for additional information.
Consolidated VIEs
JBG SMITH LP is our most significant consolidated VIE. We hold 86.0% of the limited partnership interest in JBG SMITH LP, act as the general partner and exercise full responsibility, discretion and control over its day-to-day management. The noncontrolling interests of JBG SMITH LP do not have substantive liquidation rights, substantive kick-out rights without cause or substantive participating rights that could be exercised by a simple majority of noncontrolling interest limited partners (including by such a limited partner unilaterally). Because the noncontrolling interest holders do not have these rights, JBG SMITH LP is a VIE. As general partner, we have the power to direct the activities of JBG SMITH LP that most significantly affect its economic performance, and through our majority interest, we have both the right to receive benefits from and the obligation to absorb losses of JBG SMITH LP. Accordingly, we are the primary beneficiary of JBG SMITH LP and consolidate it in our financial statements. Because we conduct our business through JBG SMITH LP, its total assets and liabilities comprise substantially all of our consolidated assets and liabilities.
In March 2021, we leased the land underlying 1900 Crystal Drive located in National Landing to a lessee, which constructed an 808-unit multifamily asset comprising two towers, The Grace and Reva, with ground floor retail. The ground lessee engaged us to be the development manager for the construction of 1900 Crystal Drive, and separately, we were the lessee in a master lease of the asset. In June 2024, we acquired the ground lessee's interest in 1900 Crystal Drive for $26.6 million of which $4.7 million was a reduction of "Noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated balance sheet.
In December 2021, we leased the land underlying 2000 South Bell Street and 2001 South Bell Street ("2000/2001 South Bell Street") located in National Landing to a lessee, which is constructing a 775-unit multifamily asset comprising two towers, Valen and The Zoe, with ground floor retail. The ground lessee engaged us to be the development manager for the construction of 2000/2001 South Bell Street, and separately, we were the lessee in a master lease of the asset. In December
2024, we acquired the ground lessee's interest in 2000/2001 South Bell Street for $22.8 million of which $14.3 million was a reduction of "Noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2023, we determined that 1900 Crystal Drive and 2000/2001 South Bell Street were VIEs and that we were the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. Accordingly, we consolidated the VIEs with the lessee's ownership interest shown as "Noncontrolling interests" in our consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023, we consolidated 1900 Crystal Drive and 2000/2001 South Bell Street with total assets of $503.2 million, and liabilities of $293.3 million. VIE assets primarily consisted of construction in progress and VIE liabilities primarily consisted of mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2024, as a result of the above transactions, 1900 Crystal Drive and 2000/2001 South Bell Street were no longer VIEs.
7. Deferred Leasing Costs, Net
The following is a summary of the deferred leasing costs, net:
December 31,
(In thousands)
Deferred leasing costs
$
161,406
$
173,019
Accumulated amortization
(91,585)
(91,542)
Deferred leasing costs, net
$
69,821
$
81,477
8. Intangible Assets, Net
The following is a summary of the intangible assets, net:
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Gross
Accumulated Amortization
Net
Gross
Accumulated Amortization
Net
(In thousands)
Lease intangible assets:
In-place leases
$
7,799
$
(6,330)
$
1,469
$
14,767
$
(9,874)
$
4,893
Above-market real estate leases
(481)
5,321
(4,580)
8,327
(6,811)
1,516
20,088
(14,454)
5,634
Other identified intangible assets:
Wireless spectrum licenses
25,780
-
25,780
25,780
-
25,780
Option to enter into ground lease
17,090
-
17,090
17,090
-
17,090
Management and leasing contracts
43,600
(40,986)
2,614
43,600
(35,488)
8,112
86,470
(40,986)
45,484
86,470
(35,488)
50,982
Total intangible assets, net
$
94,797
$
(47,797)
$
47,000
$
106,558
$
(49,942)
$
56,616
The following is a summary of amortization expense related to lease and other identified intangible assets:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
In-place lease amortization (1)
$
1,350
$
4,972
$
8,594
Above-market real estate lease amortization (2)
Management and leasing contract amortization (1)
5,499
5,590
5,905
Total amortization expense related to lease and other identified intangible assets
$
7,418
$
11,282
$
15,237
(1) Amounts are included in "Depreciation and amortization expense" in our consolidated statements of operations.
(2) Amounts are included in "Property rental revenue" in our consolidated statements of operations.
The following is a summary of the estimated amortization related to lease and other identified intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2024:
Year ending December 31,
Amount
(In thousands)
$
2,738
Thereafter
Total (1)
$
4,130
(1) Estimated amortization related to the option to enter into ground lease is excluded from the amortization table above as the ground lease does not have a definite start date. Additionally, the wireless spectrum licenses are excluded from the amortization table as they are indefinite-lived intangible assets.
9. Other Assets, Net
The following is a summary of other assets, net:
December 31,
(In thousands)
Prepaid expenses
$
10,834
$
13,215
Derivative financial instruments, at fair value
25,682
42,341
Deferred financing costs, net
7,280
10,199
Operating lease right-of-use assets
44,034
60,329
Investments in funds (1)
27,665
21,785
Other investments (2)
3,237
3,487
Other
12,586
12,125
Total other assets, net
$
131,318
$
163,481
(1) Consists of investments in real estate-focused technology companies which are recorded at their fair value based on their reported net asset value. For each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, unrealized gains were $4.8 million, $1.3 million and $2.1 million related to these investments. For each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, realized losses related to these investments were $1.3 million, $758,000 and $1.2 million. Unrealized and realized gains (losses) were included in "Interest and other income, net" in our consolidated statements of operations.
(2) Primarily consists of equity investments that are carried at cost. For each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, realized gains (losses) were ($250,000), $436,000 and $13.5 million related to these investments, which were included in "Interest and other income, net" in our consolidated statements of operations.
10. Debt
Mortgage Loans
The following is a summary of mortgage loans:
Weighted Average
Effective
December 31,
Interest Rate (1)
(In thousands)
Variable rate (2)
5.58%
$
587,254
$
608,582
Fixed rate (3)
4.79%
1,196,479
1,189,643
Mortgage loans
1,783,733
1,798,225
Unamortized deferred financing costs and premium / discount, net
(16,560)
(15,211)
Mortgage loans, net
$
1,767,173
$
1,783,014
(1) Weighted average effective interest rate as of December 31, 2024.
(2) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rate cap agreements. For mortgage loans with interest rate caps, the weighted average interest rate cap strike was 3.36%, and the weighted average maturity date of the interest rate caps is the first quarter of 2026. The interest rate cap strike is exclusive of the credit spreads associated with the mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2024, one-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") was 4.33% and the 30-day average SOFR was 4.53%.
(3) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rates fixed by interest rate swap agreements.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net carrying value of real estate collateralizing our mortgage loans totaled $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion. Our mortgage loans contain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness on these properties and, in certain circumstances, require lender approval of tenant leases and/or yield maintenance upon repayment prior to maturity.
In November 2024, the mortgage loan collateralized by The Grace and Reva was refinanced with a five-year interest-only $273.6 million mortgage loan with a fixed interest rate of 5.19%.
In January 2023, we entered into a $187.6 million loan facility, collateralized by The Wren andRST Residences. The loan has a seven-year term and a fixed interest rate of 5.13%. Proceeds from the loan were used, in part, to repay the $131.5 million mortgage loan collateralized by 2121 Crystal Drive, which had a fixed interest rate of 5.51%.
In December 2024, in connection with the sale of 2101 L Street, the lender of the related $120.9 million mortgage loan accepted the proceeds from the sale and $6.7 million of cash as repayment of the mortgage loan, resulting in a $9.2 million gain on the extinguishment of debt, which was included in "Gain (loss) on the extinguishment of debt" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. In September 2024, we repaid the $83.3 million mortgage loan collateralized by 201 12th Street S., 200 12th Street S., and 251 18th Street S. In June 2023, we repaid $142.4 million in mortgage loans collateralized by Falkland Chase-South & West and 800 North Glebe Road.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had various interest rate swap and cap agreements on certain of our mortgage loans with an aggregate notional value of $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion. See Note 19 for additional information.
Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans
As of December 31, 2024, our unsecured revolving credit facility and term loans totaling $1.5 billion consisted of a $750.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in June 2027, a $200.0 million term loan ("Tranche A-1 Term Loan") maturing in January 2026, as extended in September 2024, a $400.0 million term loan ("Tranche A-2 Term Loan") maturing in January 2028 and a $120.0 million term loan ("2023 Term Loan") maturing in June 2028. We have the option to increase the $750.0 million revolving credit facility or add term loans up to $500.0 million. The revolving credit facility has two six-month extension options, and the Tranche A-1 Term Loan has one remaining one-year extension option.
Based on the terms as of December 31, 2024, the interest rate for the credit facility varies based on a ratio of our total outstanding indebtedness to a valuation of certain real property and assets, and ranges (i) in the case of the revolving credit facility, from daily SOFR plus 1.40% to daily SOFR plus 1.85%, (ii) in the case of the Tranche A-1 Term Loan, from one-month term SOFR plus 1.15% to one-month term SOFR plus 1.75%, (iii) in the case of the Tranche A-2 Term Loan, from one-month term SOFR plus 1.25% to one-month term SOFR plus 1.80% and (iv) in the case of the 2023 Term Loan, from one-month term SOFR plus 1.25% to one-month term SOFR plus 1.80%.
The following is a summary of amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and term loans:
Effective
December 31,
Interest Rate (1)
(In thousands)
Revolving credit facility (2) (3)
5.98%
$
85,000
$
62,000
Tranche A-1 Term Loan (4)
5.34%
$
200,000
$
200,000
Tranche A-2 Term Loan (5)
4.20%
400,000
400,000
2023 Term Loan (6)
5.41%
120,000
120,000
Term loans
720,000
720,000
Unamortized deferred financing costs, net
(2,147)
(2,828)
Term loans, net
$
717,853
$
717,172
(1) Effective interest rate as of December 31, 2024. The interest rate for the revolving credit facility excludes a 0.20% and 0.15% facility fee as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2) As of December 31, 2024, daily SOFR was 4.49%. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, letters of credit with an aggregate face amount of $15.2 million and $467,000 were outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
(3) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, excludes $7.3 million and $10.2 million of net of deferred financing costs related to our revolving credit facility that were included in "Other assets, net" in our consolidated balance sheets.
(4) As of December 31, 2024, the interest rate swaps fixed SOFR at a weighted average interest rate of 4.00% through the extended maturity date of January 2027.
(5) As of December 31, 2024, the interest rate swaps fixed SOFR at a weighted average interest rate of 2.81% through the maturity date.
(6) As of December 31, 2024, the interest rate swap fixed SOFR at an interest rate of 4.01% through the maturity date.
Principal Maturities
The following is a summary of principal maturities of debt outstanding, including mortgage loans, the revolving credit facility and the term loans, as of December 31, 2024:
Year ending December 31,
Amount
(In thousands)
$
312,370
312,483
424,814
609,566
376,087
Thereafter
553,413
Total
$
2,588,733
11. Other Liabilities, Net
The following is a summary of other liabilities, net:
December 31,
(In thousands)
Lease intangible liabilities
$
2,996
$
5,978
Accumulated amortization
(1,713)
(2,482)
Lease intangible liabilities, net
$
1,283
$
3,496
Lease incentive liabilities
2,590
7,546
Liabilities related to operating lease right-of-use assets
44,430
64,501
Prepaid rent
12,978
10,946
Security deposits
11,167
12,133
Environmental liabilities
17,468
17,568
Deferred tax liability, net
3,917
3,326
Dividends payable
17,611
-
Derivative financial instruments, at fair value
2,395
14,444
Other
1,988
4,909
Total other liabilities, net
$
115,827
$
138,869
Amortization revenue included in "Property rental revenue" in our consolidated statements of operations related to lease intangible liabilities for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 was $408,000, $1.7 million and $1.9 million.
The following is a summary of the estimated amortization of lease intangible liabilities for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2024:
Year ending December 31,
Amount
(In thousands)
$
Thereafter
Total
$
1,283
12. Income Taxes
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT, and accordingly, we have incurred no federal income tax expense related to our REIT subsidiaries except for our TRSs.
Our consolidated financial statements include the operations of our TRSs, which are subject to federal, state and local income taxes on their taxable income. As a REIT, we may also be subject to federal excise taxes if we engage in certain types of transactions. Continued qualification as a REIT depends on our ability to satisfy the REIT distribution tests, stock ownership requirements and various other qualification tests. The net basis of our assets and liabilities for tax reporting purposes is approximately $657.3 million higher than the amounts reported in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024.
The following is a summary of our income tax (expense) benefit:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Current tax expense
$
(171)
$
(1,282)
$
(1,701)
Deferred tax (expense) benefit
(591)
1,578
Income tax (expense) benefit
$
(762)
$
$
(1,264)
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we have a net deferred tax liability of $3.9 million and $3.3 million primarily related to basis differences in management and leasing contracts and other investments, partially offset by deferred tax assets associated with tax versus book differences and related general and administrative expenses. We are subject to federal, state and local income tax examinations by taxing authorities for the tax years ending in 2020 through 2023.
December 31,
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued bonus
$
-
$
Deferred revenue
Capital loss
-
Charitable contributions
1,344
Basis difference - real estate
-
Other
Total deferred tax assets
2,396
1,896
Valuation allowance
(1,531)
(748)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
1,148
Deferred tax liabilities:
Basis difference - intangible assets
(2,090)
(2,739)
Basis difference - real estate
-
(344)
Basis difference - investments
(2,660)
(1,348)
Other
(32)
(43)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(4,782)
(4,474)
Net deferred tax liability
$
(3,917)
$
(3,326)
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our Board of Trustees declared cash dividends totaling $0.875 of which $0.540 was taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes (which includes $0.168 of qualified dividends), $0.160 were non-dividend distributions and the remaining $0.175 will be determined in 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2023, our Board of Trustees declared cash dividends totaling $0.675 of which $0.135 was taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes and $0.540 were capital gain distributions. During the year ended December 31, 2022, our Board of Trustees declared cash dividends totaling $0.90 of which $0.025 was taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes and $0.875 were capital gain distributions.
13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
OP Units held by persons other than JBG SMITH are redeemable for cash or, at our election, our common shares, subject to certain limitations. Vested LTIP Units are redeemable into OP Units. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, unitholders redeemed 1.0 million and 2.8 million OP Units, which we elected to redeem for an equivalent number of our common shares. As of December 31, 2024, outstanding OP Units and redeemable LTIP Units totaled 13.8 million, representing a 14.0% ownership interest in JBG SMITH LP. Our OP Units and certain vested LTIP Units are presented at the higher of their redemption value or their carrying value, with adjustments to the redemption value recognized in "Additional paid-in capital" in our consolidated balance sheets. Redemption value per OP Unit is equivalent to the market value of one of our common shares at the end of the period.
The following is a summary of the activity of redeemable noncontrolling interests:
Year Ended December 31,
Consolidated
JBG
JBG
Real Estate
SMITH LP
SMITH LP
Venture (2)
Total
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period
$
440,737
$
480,663
$
$
481,310
Redemptions
(17,071)
(44,620)
(647)
(45,267)
LTIP Units issued in lieu of cash compensation (1)
3,835
5,213
-
5,213
Net loss
(22,202)
(10,596)
-
(10,596)
Other comprehensive loss
(817)
(4,486)
-
(4,486)
Distributions
(14,386)
(11,351)
-
(11,351)
Share-based compensation expense
26,976
29,018
-
29,018
Adjustment to redemption value
6,560
(3,104)
-
(3,104)
Balance, end of period
$
423,632
$
440,737
$
-
$
440,737
(1) See Note 15 for additional information.
(2) As of December 31, 2022, we held a 99.7% ownership interest in a real estate venture that owned The Wren, a multifamily asset. In February 2023, the partner redeemed its 0.3% interest, increasing our ownership interest to 100.0%.
14. Property Rental Revenue
The following is a summary of property rental revenue from our non-cancellable leases:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Fixed
$
422,784
$
436,933
$
447,007
Variable
34,166
46,226
44,731
Property rental revenue
$
456,950
$
483,159
$
491,738
As of December 31, 2024, the amounts that are contractually due from lease payments under our operating leases on an annual basis for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
Year ending December 31,
Amount
(In thousands)
$
283,230
178,445
169,687
151,042
133,170
Thereafter
1,733,151
$
2,648,725
15. Share-Based Payments and Employee Benefits
OP UNITS
Certain OP Units issued in the Combination to the former owners of JBG/Operating Partners, L.P. vested over a period of 60 months based on continued employment. Compensation expense for these OP Units was recognized over the graded vesting period through July 2022. The total-grant date fair value of the OP Units that vested for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $14.7 million.
JBG SMITH 2017 Omnibus Share Plan
On June 23, 2017, our Board of Trustees adopted the JBG SMITH 2017 Omnibus Share Plan (the "Plan"), effective as of July 17, 2017, and authorized the reservation of 10.3 million common shares pursuant to the Plan. In April 2021, our shareholders approved an amendment to the Plan to increase the common shares reserved for issuance under the Plan by 8.0 million common shares, and in April 2024, our shareholders approved an amendment to the Plan to increase the common shares reserved for issuance under the Plan by 7.5 million common shares to 25.8 million total common shares. As of December 31, 2024, there were 10.2 million common shares available for issuance under the Plan.
Formation Awards
The formation awards issued in the Combination ("Formation Awards") were structured in the form of profits interests in JBG SMITH LP that provided for a share of appreciation determined by the increase in the value of a common share at the time of conversion over the volume-weighted average price of a common share at the time the formation unit was granted. The Formation Awards, subject to certain conditions, generally vested 25% on each of the third and fourth anniversaries and 50% on the fifth anniversary of the date granted, subject to continued employment. Compensation expense for these awards was recognized over a five-year period through July 2022.
The value of vested Formation Awards is realized through conversion of the award into a number of LTIP Units, and subsequent conversion into a number of OP Units determined based on the difference between the volume-weighted average price of a common share at the time the Formation Award was granted and the value of a common share on the conversion date. The conversion ratio between Formation Awards and LTIP Units, which starts at zero, is the quotient of: (i) the excess of the value of a common share on the conversion date above the per share value at the time the Formation Award was granted over (ii) the value of a common share as of the date of conversion. Formation Awards have a finite 10-year term over which their value is allowed to increase and during which they may be converted into LTIP Units (and in turn, OP Units). Holders of Formation Awards will not receive distributions or allocations of net income (net loss) prior to conversion to LTIP Units.
The total-grant date fair value of the Formation Awards that vested for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $8.9 million.
Time-Based LTIP Units and LTIP Units
During each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, we granted to certain employees 974,140, 979,138 and 644,995 LTIP Units with time-based vesting requirements ("Time-Based LTIP Units") and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $15.93, $17.56 and $27.39 per unit that primarily vest ratably over four years subject to continued employment. Compensation expense for these units is primarily being recognized over a four-year period.
During each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, we granted 209,047, 280,342 and 252,206 fully vested LTIP Units to certain employees, who elected to receive all or a portion of their cash bonuses related to prior service as LTIP Units. The LTIP Units had a grant-date fair value of $14.27, $15.90 and $22.19 per unit.
During each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, as part of their annual compensation, we granted to non-employee trustees a total of 141,422, 155,523 and 95,084 fully vested LTIP Units with a grant-date fair value of $12.40, $11.30 and $20.90 per unit. The LTIP Units may not be sold while a trustee is serving on the Board of Trustees.
The aggregate grant-date fair value of the Time-Based LTIP Units and LTIP Units granted (collectively "Granted LTIPs") for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 was $20.3 million, $23.4 million and $25.7 million. Holders of the Granted LTIPs have the right to convert vested units into OP Units, which are then subsequently exchangeable for our common shares. Granted LTIPs do not have redemption rights, but any OP Units into which units are converted are entitled to redemption rights. Granted LTIPs, generally, vote with the OP Units and do not have any separate voting rights except in connection with actions that would materially and adversely affect the rights of the Granted LTIPs. The Granted LTIPs were valued based on the closing common share price on the date of grant, less a discount for post-grant restrictions. The discount was determined using Monte Carlo simulations based on the following significant assumptions:
Year Ended December 31,
Expected volatility
33.0 % to 35.0%
26.0% to 31.0%
30.0% to 41.0%
Risk-free interest rate
4.4% to 4.8%
3.4% to 4.9%
0.4% to 2.9%
Post-grant restriction periods
2 to 6 years
2 to 6 years
2 to 6 years
The following is a summary of the Granted LTIPs activity:
Weighted
Unvested
Average Grant-
Shares
Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023
1,865,712
$
24.62
Granted
1,324,609
15.29
Vested
(796,398)
20.16
Forfeited
(136,447)
20.29
Unvested as of December 31, 2024
2,257,476
20.99
The total-grant date fair value of the Granted LTIPs that vested for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 was $16.1 million, $28.0 million and $27.2 million.
Appreciation-Only LTIP Units ("AO LTIP Units")
During each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, we granted to certain employees 1.9 million, 1.7 million and 1.5 million performance-based AO LTIP Units with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $3.79, $3.73 and $4.44 per unit. The AO LTIP Units are structured in the form of profits interests that provide for a share of appreciation determined by the increase in the value of a common share at the time of conversion over the participation threshold of $18.93, $20.83 and $32.30 for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024. The AO LTIP Units are subject to a total shareholder return ("TSR") modifier whereby the number of AO LTIP Units that will ultimately be earned will be increased or reduced by as much as 25%. The AO LTIP Units have a three-year performance period with 50% of the AO LTIP Units earned vesting at the end of the three-year performance period and the remaining 50% vesting on the fourth anniversary of the grant date, subject to continued employment. The AO LTIP Units expire on the tenth anniversary of their grant date.
The aggregate grant-date fair value of the AO LTIP Units granted for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 was $7.1 million, $6.4 million and $6.6 million, valued using Monte Carlo simulations based on the following significant assumptions:
Year Ended December 31,
Expected volatility
32.0%
30.0%
27.0%
Dividend yield
3.2%
3.2%
2.7%
Risk-free interest rate
4.1%
4.1%
1.6%
The following is a summary of the AO LTIP Units activity:
Weighted
Unvested
Average Grant-
Shares
Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023
3,099,950
$
4.07
Granted
1,876,312
3.79
Forfeited
(6,615)
4.44
Unvested as of December 31, 2024
4,969,647
3.96
Performance-Based LTIP Units
LTIP Units with performance-based vesting requirements ("Performance-Based LTIP Units") are performance-based equity compensation pursuant to which participants have the opportunity to earn LTIP Units based on the relative performance of the TSR of our common shares compared to the companies in the FTSE Nareit Equity Office Index, over the defined performance period beginning on the grant date, inclusive of dividends and stock price appreciation.
Our Performance-Based LTIP Units granted in January 2020 had a three-year performance period. 50% of the Performance-Based LTIP Units would have vested at the end of the three-year performance period and the remaining 50% would have vested on the fourth anniversary of the date of grant, subject to continued employment. However, the Performance-Based LTIP Units did not achieve a positive absolute TSR at the end of the three-year performance period, but achieved at least the threshold level of the relative performance criteria. Therefore, 50% of the units were forfeited, and the remaining units will vest if and when we achieve a positive TSR during the succeeding seven years, measured at the end of each quarter. Compensation expense for these units was recognized over a four-year period through January 2024.
Our Performance-Based LTIP Units granted in July 2021 have a six-year performance period. 50% vest on the fifth anniversary of the grant date and 25% on each of the sixth and seventh anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment, based on our achievement of four share price targets during the performance period commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date and ending on the sixth anniversary of the grant date. Additionally, in January 2022, we granted to certain employees 21,705 Performance-Based LTIP Units with a grant-date fair value of $17.68 per unit that vest over the same time period. Compensation expense for these units is being recognized over a seven-year period.
The aggregate grant-date fair value of the Performance-Based LTIP Units for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $384,000, valued using Monte Carlo simulations based on the following significant assumptions:
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Expected volatility
28.0%
Dividend yield
2.7%
Risk-free interest rate
1.5%
The following is a summary of the Performance-Based LTIP Units activity:
Weighted
Unvested
Average Grant-
Shares
Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023
765,830
$
22.58
Forfeited
(60,076)
23.07
Unvested as of December 31, 2024
705,754
22.54
RSUs
During each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, we granted to certain non-executive employees
74,842, 78,681 and 39,536 RSUs with time-based vesting requirements ("Time-Based RSUs") and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $17.21, $18.94 and $29.36 per unit. Vesting requirements and compensation expense recognition for the Time-Based RSUs are primarily consistent to those of the Time-Based LTIP Units granted during each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024.
The aggregate grant-date fair value of the RSUs granted during each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 was $1.3 million, $1.5 million and $1.2 million. The Time-Based RSUs were valued based on the closing common share price on the date of grant.
The following is a summary of the Time-Based RSUs activity:
Weighted
Unvested
Average Grant-
Shares
Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2023
70,750
$
22.46
Granted
74,842
17.21
Vested
(37,484)
21.25
Forfeited
(2,905)
17.21
Unvested as of December 31, 2024
105,203
19.30
The aggregate total-grant date fair value of the RSUs that vested for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 was $796,000, $1.1 million and $271,000.
ESPP
The ESPP authorized the issuance of up to 2.1 million common shares. The ESPP provides eligible employees an option to contribute up to $25,000 in any calendar year, through payroll deductions, toward the purchase of our common shares at a discount of 15.0% of the closing price of a common share on relevant determination dates. As of December 31, 2024, there were 1.6 million common shares available for issuance under the ESPP.
Pursuant to the ESPP, employees purchased 71,221, 84,673 and 79,040 common shares for $945,000, $1.1 million and $1.5 million during each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, valued using the Black Scholes model based on the following significant assumptions:
Year Ended December 31,
Expected volatility
26.0% to 48.0%
30.0% to 37.0%
23.0% to 30.0%
Dividend yield
4.2% to 4.6%
2.4% to 6.3%
1.6% to 4.1%
Risk-free interest rate
5.3% to 5.6%
4.7% to 5.4%
0.2% to 2.4%
Expected life
3 months
6 months
6 months
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following is a summary of share-based compensation expense:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Time-Based LTIP Units
$
16,826
$
16,822
$
19,378
AO LTIP Units and Performance-Based LTIP Units
8,598
10,647
12,615
LTIP Units
1,552
1,000
1,000
Other equity awards (1)
4,475
5,394
6,610
Share-based compensation expense - other
31,451
33,863
39,603
Share-based compensation related to Formation Transaction and special equity awards (2)
-
5,391
Total share-based compensation expense
31,451
34,412
44,994
Less: amount capitalized
(1,927)
(2,312)
(3,722)
Share-based compensation expense
$
29,524
$
32,100
$
41,272
(1) Primarily comprising compensation expense for: (i) fully vested LTIP Units issued to certain employees in lieu of all or a portion of any cash bonuses earned, (ii) RSUs and (iii) shares issued under our ESPP.
(2) Included in "General and administrative expense: Share-based compensation related to Formation Transaction and special equity awards" in our consolidated statements of operations. Includes share-based compensation expense for awards issued in connection with the Formation Transaction and with our successful pursuit of Amazon's headquarters in National Landing all of which were fully expensed as of December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $22.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share-based payment arrangements, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.
Employee Benefits
We have a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all of our officers and employees which permits participants to defer compensation up to the maximum amount permitted by law. We provide a discretionary matching contribution. Employer contributions vest after one year of service. Our contributions for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 were $1.9 million, $2.3 million and $2.4 million.
2025 Grants
In January 2025, we granted (i) 549,292 AO LTIP Units with a participation threshold of $16.98 and expiration on the fifth anniversary of their grant date, (ii) 735,682 Time-Based LTIP Units, which require a three-year post vesting hold for certain executives, (iii) 98,029 Time-Based RSUs and (iv) 957,000 LTIP Units with performance-based vesting requirements to certain employees. Additionally, we granted 162,301 fully vested LTIP Units to certain employees who elected to receive all or a portion of their cash bonus earned, related to 2024 service, as LTIP Units.
16. Transaction and Other Costs
The following is a summary of transaction and other costs:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Completed, potential and pursued transaction expenses (1)
$
2,340
$
1,625
$
2,660
Severance and other costs
2,333
4,491
2,038
Demolition costs
2,621
Transaction and other costs
$
5,317
$
8,737
$
5,511
(1) Includes legal and other costs related to pursued transactions and dead deal costs.
17. Interest Expense
The following is a summary of interest expense:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Interest expense before capitalized interest
$
131,924
$
117,811
$
87,246
Amortization of deferred financing costs
17,405
9,779
4,532
Interest expense related to finance lease right-of-use assets
-
-
2,091
Net (gain) loss on non-designated derivatives:
Net unrealized (gain) loss
7,822
(7,355)
Net realized loss
-
-
Capitalized interest
(15,344)
(26,752)
(10,888)
Interest expense
$
134,068
$
108,660
$
75,930
18. Shareholders' Equity and Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
Common Shares Repurchased
Our Board of Trustees previously authorized the repurchase of up to $1.5 billion of our outstanding common shares. In February 2025, our Board of Trustees increased our common share repurchase authorization to $2.0 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased and retired 10.9 million common shares for $170.7 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.60. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased and retired 22.6 million common shares for $335.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $14.83. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased and retired 14.2 million common shares for $361.0 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $25.49. Since we began the share repurchase program through December 31, 2024, we have repurchased and retired 56.8 million common shares for $1.1 billion, a weighted average purchase price per share of $19.87.
During the first quarter of 2025, through February 14, 2025, we repurchased and retired 2.1 million common shares for $32.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.15, pursuant to a repurchase plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
The following is a summary of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share and a reconciliation of net income (loss) to the amounts of net income (loss) available to common shareholders used in calculating basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income (loss)
$
(177,753)
$
(91,709)
$
98,986
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
22,202
10,596
(13,244)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
12,025
1,135
(371)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
(143,526)
(79,978)
85,371
Distributions to participating securities
(2,463)
(2,054)
(1,860)
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders - basic and diluted
$
(145,989)
$
(82,032)
$
83,511
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
88,330
105,095
119,005
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic and diluted
$
(1.65)
$
(0.78)
$
0.70
The effect of the redemption of OP Units, Time-Based LTIP Units, fully vested LTIP Units and special equity awards that were outstanding as of the end of each period is excluded in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share as the assumed exchange of such units for common shares on a one-for-one basis was antidilutive (the assumed redemption of these units would have no impact on the determination of diluted earnings (loss) per share). Since OP Units, Time-Based LTIP Units, LTIP Units and special equity awards, which are held by noncontrolling interests, are attributed gains at an identical proportion to the common shareholders, the gains attributable and their equivalent weighted average impact are excluded from net income (loss) available to common shareholders and from the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in calculating diluted earnings (loss) per common share. AO LTIP Units, Performance-Based LTIP Units, Formation Awards and RSUs, which totaled 7.9 million, 6.8 million and 5.9 million for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share as they were antidilutive, but potentially could be dilutive in the future.
19. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
To manage or hedge our exposure to interest rate risk, we follow established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of a variety of derivative financial instruments.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had various derivative financial instruments consisting of interest rate swap and cap agreements that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The net unrealized gain on our derivative financial instruments designated as effective hedges was $17.2 million and $22.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and was recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive income" in our consolidated balance sheets, of which a portion was reclassified to "Redeemable noncontrolling interests." Within the next 12 months, we expect to reclassify $5.6 million of the net unrealized gain as a decrease to interest expense.
The fair values of the derivative financial instruments are based on the estimated amounts we would receive or pay to terminate the contracts at the reporting date and are determined using interest rate pricing models and observable inputs. The derivative financial instruments are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
The following is a summary of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair Value Measurements
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
(In thousands)
December 31, 2024
Derivative financial instruments designated as effective hedges:
Classified as assets in "Other assets, net"
$
23,367
-
$
23,367
-
Classified as liabilities in "Other liabilities, net"
-
-
Non-designated derivatives:
Classified as assets in "Other assets, net"
2,315
-
2,315
-
Classified as liabilities in "Other liabilities, net"
2,305
-
2,305
-
December 31, 2023
Derivative financial instruments designated as effective hedges:
Classified as assets in "Other assets, net"
$
35,632
-
$
35,632
-
Classified as liabilities in "Other liabilities, net"
7,936
-
7,936
-
Non-designated derivatives:
Classified as assets in "Other assets, net"
6,709
-
6,709
-
Classified as liabilities in "Other liabilities, net"
6,508
-
6,508
-
The fair values of our derivative financial instruments were determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of the derivative financial instrument. This analysis reflected the contractual terms of the derivative, including the period to maturity, and used observable market-based inputs, including interest rate market data and implied volatilities in such interest rates. While it was determined that the majority of the inputs used to value the derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with the derivatives also utilized Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default. However, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of the derivative financial instruments was assessed, and it was determined that these adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of the derivative financial instruments. As a result, it was determined that the derivative financial instruments in their entirety should be classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The net unrealized gains (losses) included in "Other comprehensive income (loss)" in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 were attributable to the net change in unrealized gains (losses) related to effective derivative financial instruments that were outstanding during those periods, none of which were reported in our consolidated statements of operations as the derivative financial instruments were documented and qualified as hedging instruments. Realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to non-designated derivatives are included in "Interest expense" in our consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis
Our real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever there are changes in circumstances or indicators that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, this assessment resulted in the impairment of 1901 South Bell Street, 2101 L Street, 8001 Woodmont and two development parcels, which had an estimated fair value totaling $332.5 million based on a market approach and were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. 2101 L Street was sold in December 2024. The impairment loss totaled $55.4 million, which was included in "Impairment loss" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, this assessment resulted in the impairment of three commercial assets and one development parcel. Our estimate of the fair value of 2101 L Street of $121.3 million was determined using a discounted cash flow model and was classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, which considers, among other things, the anticipated holding period, current market conditions and utilizes unobservable quantitative inputs, including capitalization and discount rates. Our estimate of the fair value of 2100 Crystal Drive, 2200 Crystal Drive and a development parcel
totaling $56.4 million was based on a market approach and were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The development parcel was sold in December 2023. The impairment loss totaled $90.2 million, which was included in "Impairment loss" in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.
There were no assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2022.
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all financial instruments and liabilities were reflected in our consolidated balance sheets at amounts which, in our estimation, reasonably approximated their fair values, except for the following:
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Carrying
Carrying
Amount (1)
Fair Value
Amount (1)
Fair Value
(In thousands)
Financial liabilities:
Mortgage loans
$
1,783,733
$
1,749,904
$
1,798,225
$
1,753,251
Revolving credit facility
85,000
84,886
62,000
62,000
Term loans
720,000
715,929
720,000
715,950
(1) The carrying amount consists of principal only.
The fair values of the mortgage loans, revolving credit facility and term loans were determined using Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our mortgage loans is estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows of these instruments using current risk-adjusted rates available to borrowers with similar credit profiles based on market sources. The fair value of our revolving credit facility and term loans is calculated based on the net present value of payments over the term of the facilities using estimated market rates for similar notes and remaining terms.
20. Segment Information
We own, operate and develop mixed-use properties concentrated in and around Washington, D.C. We derive our revenue primarily from leases with multifamily and commercial tenants. In addition, our third-party real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services. Our operating segments are aligned with our method of internal reporting and the way our Chief Executive Officer, who is also our CODM, makes key operating decisions, evaluates financial results, allocates resources and manages our business. Accordingly, our three operating and reportable segments are multifamily, commercial, and third-party real estate services.
The CODM measures and evaluates the performance of our operating segments based on only the following measures at our share pertaining to each of our segments:
● Net operating income ("NOI") (multifamily and commercial) - which includes our proportionate share of revenue and expenses attributable to real estate ventures. NOI includes property rental revenue and other property revenue, and deducts property expenses. NOI excludes deferred rent, commercial lease termination revenue, related party management fees, interest expense, and certain other non-cash adjustments, including the accretion of acquired below-market leases and the amortization of acquired above-market leases and below-market ground lease intangibles.
● Net third-party real estate services, excluding reimbursements - which includes revenue streams generated by this segment, excluding reimbursement revenue, as well as the expenses attributable to this segment at our proportionate share, calculated by excluding real estate services revenue from our interests in such real estate ventures.
The CODM uses these measures predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process as well as in his review of our quarterly financial results when making decisions about the allocation of operating and capital resources to each segment.
We have included disclosure of NOI and the results of our third-party real estate services business at our share to align with our internal reporting given the repositioning of our portfolio and the information used by our CODM.
The following is a summary of NOI at our share for our multifamily and commercial segments, including a reconciliation to our total NOI at share:
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Multifamily
Commercial
Total
(In thousands, at our share)
Property rental revenue
$
214,431
$
230,039
$
444,470
Other property revenue
3,677
17,517
21,194
Total property revenue
218,108
247,556
465,664
Property expense:
Real estate taxes
22,197
27,103
49,300
Payroll
16,347
13,293
29,640
Utilities
15,337
14,311
29,648
Repairs and maintenance
22,396
22,088
44,484
Other property operating
11,612
17,733
29,345
Total property expense
87,889
94,528
182,417
NOI from reportable segments
$
130,219
$
153,028
283,247
Other NOI (1)
(5,968)
NOI
$
277,279
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Multifamily
Commercial
Total
(In thousands, at our share)
Property rental revenue
$
205,061
$
285,652
$
490,713
Other property revenue
8,068
19,106
27,174
Total property revenue
213,129
304,758
517,887
Property expense:
Real estate taxes
21,924
37,698
59,622
Payroll
19,060
15,245
34,305
Utilities
14,905
16,949
31,854
Repairs and maintenance
15,978
24,043
40,021
Other property operating
11,862
20,616
32,478
Total property expense
83,729
114,551
198,280
NOI from reportable segments
$
129,400
$
190,207
319,607
Other NOI (1)
(1,115)
NOI
$
318,492
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Multifamily
Commercial
Total
(In thousands, at our share)
Property rental revenue
$
185,727
$
340,207
$
525,934
Other property revenue
6,070
19,381
25,451
Total property revenue
191,797
359,588
551,385
Property expense:
Real estate taxes
21,582
44,654
66,236
Payroll
17,710
17,823
35,533
Utilities
14,305
20,181
34,486
Repairs and maintenance
14,395
30,842
45,237
Other property operating
10,692
22,286
32,978
Total property expense
78,684
135,786
214,470
NOI from reportable segments
$
113,113
$
223,802
336,915
Other NOI (1)
(2,547)
NOI
$
334,368
(1) Includes activity related to development assets and land assets for which we are the ground lessor.
The following is a summary of our third-party real estate services business at our share:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands, at our share)
Property management fees
$
16,138
$
18,983
$
18,001
Asset management fees
4,088
4,925
5,994
Development fees
2,573
10,253
8,325
Leasing fees
3,757
5,538
6,001
Construction management fees
1,210
1,383
Other service revenue
5,038
4,840
4,862
Third-party real estate services revenue, excluding reimbursements
32,804
45,922
43,704
Third-party real estate services expenses, excluding reimbursements
36,836
42,403
47,334
Net third-party real estate services, excluding reimbursements
$
(4,032)
$
3,519
$
(3,630)
The following is a reconciliation of revenue at our share to total revenue per the consolidated statements of operations:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Total property revenue at our share
$
465,664
$
517,887
$
551,385
Third-party real estate services revenue, excluding reimbursements, at our share
32,804
45,922
43,704
Reimbursement revenue (1)
35,332
43,520
39,638
Our share of revenue attributable to unconsolidated real estate ventures
(10,807)
(27,893)
(43,613)
Other property revenue
4,889
(835)
(3,193)
Other adjustments (2)
19,430
25,597
17,903
Total revenue per consolidated statements of operations
$
547,312
$
604,198
$
605,824
(1) Represents reimbursements of expenses incurred by us on behalf of third parties, including allocated payroll costs and amounts paid to third-party contractors for construction management projects
(2) Adjustment to include deferred rent, above/below market lease amortization, commercial lease termination revenue, and lease incentive amortization.
The following is the reconciliation of NOI at our share to net income (loss) before income tax (expense) benefit:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
NOI at our share
$
277,279
$
318,492
$
334,368
Net third-party real estate services, excluding reimbursements, at our share
(4,032)
3,519
(3,630)
Add:
Loss from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net
(7,122)
(26,999)
(17,429)
Interest and other income, net
11,598
15,781
18,617
Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net
(2,753)
79,335
161,894
Less:
Depreciation and amortization expense
208,180
210,195
213,771
General and administrative expense:
Corporate and other
58,790
54,838
58,280
Share-based compensation related to Formation Transaction and special equity awards
-
5,391
Transaction and other costs
5,317
8,737
5,511
Interest expense
134,068
108,660
75,930
(Gain) loss on the extinguishment of debt
(9,235)
3,073
Impairment loss
55,427
90,226
-
Adjustments:
Our share of net third-party real estate services attributable to unconsolidated real estate ventures
(767)
(416)
(1,877)
NOI attributable to unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share
(6,808)
(19,452)
(26,861)
Non-cash rent adjustments (1)
9,482
23,482
17,442
Other adjustments (2)
(1,321)
(12,092)
(20,318)
Total adjustments
(8,478)
(31,614)
Income (loss) before income tax (expense) benefit
$
(176,991)
$
(92,005)
$
100,250
(1) Adjustment to include deferred rent, above/below market lease amortization and lease incentive amortization.
(2) Adjustment to include payments associated with assumed lease liabilities related to operating properties and to exclude commercial lease termination revenue, related party management fees, corporate entity activity and inter-segment activity.
21. Commitments and Contingencies
Insurance
We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $150.0 million per occurrence and in the aggregate, and property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties. We also maintain coverage, through our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary, for a portion of the first loss on the above limits and for both conventional terrorist acts and for nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism events with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence. These policies are partially reinsured by third-party insurance providers.
We will continue to monitor the state of the insurance market, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism. We cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for deductibles and losses in excess of the insurance coverage, which could be material.
Our debt, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties, a revolving credit facility and term loans, contains customary covenants requiring adequate insurance coverage. Although we believe that we currently have adequate insurance coverage, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at a reasonable cost in the future. If lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties.
Construction Commitments
As of December 31, 2024, we had one asset under construction and started construction on a new amenity hub at 2011 Crystal Drive that, based on our current plans and estimates, require an additional $73.3 million to complete, which we anticipate will be primarily expended over the next year. These capital expenditures are generally due as the work is performed, and we expect to finance them primarily with debt proceeds.
Environmental Matters
Most of our assets have been subject, at some point, to environmental assessments that are intended to evaluate the environmental condition of the subject and surrounding assets. These environmental assessments generally have included a historical review, a public records review, a visual inspection of the site and surrounding assets, visual or historical evidence of underground storage tanks and other features, and the preparation and issuance of a written report. Soil, soil vapor and/or groundwater subsurface testing is conducted at our assets, when necessary, to further investigate any conditions identified by the initial assessment that could reasonably be expected to pose a material concern to the property or result in us incurring material environmental liabilities as a result of redevelopment. The tests may not, however, have included extensive sampling or subsurface investigations. In each case where the environmental assessments have identified conditions requiring remedial actions required by law, we have initiated appropriate actions. The environmental assessments have not revealed any material environmental contamination that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our overall business, financial condition or results of operations, or that have not been anticipated and remediated during site redevelopment as required by law. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the identification of new areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites or changes in cleanup requirements would not result in significant cost to us. Environmental liabilities totaled $17.5 million and $17.6 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and are included in "Other liabilities, net" in our consolidated balance sheets.
Legal Proceedings
In November 2023, the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia against RealPage, Inc., a provider of revenue management systems, numerous multifamily rental companies, and 14 owners and/or operators of multifamily housing in the District of Columbia, including JBG Associates, L.L.C., one of our subsidiaries, alleging that the defendants violated the District of Columbia Antitrust Act by unlawfully agreeing to use RealPage, Inc. revenue management systems and sharing sensitive data. While we intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit, given the current stage of the District of Columbia’s lawsuit, we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate
the amount of loss, if any, that may result from the lawsuit. While we do not believe that these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, we cannot give assurance that the proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the event of a negative outcome.
There are various other legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Operating and Finance Leases
As of December 31, 2024, we are obligated under non-cancellable operating leases, including our corporate office lease and a ground lease on a property, with terms extending through the year 2037. As of December 31, 2024, our operating lease liabilities were calculated based on the weighted average discount rates of 6.9% and had a weighted average remaining lease term of 12.4 years.
As of December 31, 2024, future minimum lease payments under our non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
Year ending December 31,
Amount
(In thousands)
$
6,617
5,487
5,662
4,405
4,515
Thereafter
40,426
Total future minimum lease payments
67,112
Imputed interest
(22,682)
Total liabilities related to lease right-of-use assets
$
44,430
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred $5.9 million of fixed operating lease expenses, and $118,000 of variable operating lease expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred $5.4 million of fixed operating lease expenses, and $180,000 of variable operating lease expenses. In April 2022, we sold the finance ground leases at 1730 M Street and Courthouse Plaza 1 and 2 to an unconsolidated real estate venture. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we incurred $601,000 and $2.6 million of fixed operating and finance lease expenses, and $97,000 of variable operating lease expenses.
Other
As of December 31, 2024, we had committed tenant-related obligations totaling $43.8 million ($43.5 million related to our consolidated entities and $309,000 related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share). The timing and amounts of payments for tenant-related obligations are uncertain and may only be due upon satisfactory performance of certain conditions.
From time to time, we (or ventures in which we have an ownership interest) have agreed, and may in the future agree with respect to unconsolidated real estate ventures, to (i) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts in connection with borrowings, (ii) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) in connection with borrowings, or (iii) provide guarantees to lenders and other third parties for the completion and stabilization of development projects. We customarily have agreements with our outside venture partners whereby the partners agree to reimburse the real estate venture or us for their share of any payments made under certain of these guarantees. At times, we also have agreements with certain of our outside venture partners whereby we agree to either indemnify the partners and/or the associated ventures with respect to certain contingent liabilities associated with operating assets or to reimburse our partner for its share of any payments made by them under certain guarantees. Guarantees (excluding environmental) customarily terminate either upon the satisfaction of specified circumstances or repayment of the underlying debt. Amounts that we may be required to pay in
future periods in relation to guarantees associated with budget overruns or operating losses are not estimable. As of December 31, 2024, we had no principal payment guarantees related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures.
As of December 31, 2024, we had additional capital commitments totaling $9.6 million related to our investments in real estate-focused technology companies.
Additionally, with respect to borrowings of our consolidated entities, we may agree to (i) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts, (ii) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) or (iii) provide guarantees to lenders, tenants and other third parties for the completion and stabilization of development projects. As of December 31, 2024, we had no debt principal payment guarantees related to our consolidated real estate assets.
22. Transactions with Related Parties
Our third-party real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services to third parties, including the JBG Legacy Funds. In connection with the contribution to us of certain assets formerly owned by the JBG Legacy Funds as part of the Formation Transaction, the general partner and managing member interests in the JBG Legacy Funds that were held by certain former JBG executives (and who became members of our management team and/or Board of Trustees) were not transferred to us and remain under the control of these individuals. In addition, certain members of our senior management team and Board of Trustees have ownership interests in the JBG Legacy Funds, and own carried interests in each fund and in certain of our real estate ventures that entitle them to receive cash payments if the fund or real estate venture achieves certain return thresholds.
During 2024, we combined our impact investing activities, including management of the Washington Housing Initiative ("WHI") Impact Pool, with the newly formed LEO Impact Capital, our impact investment management platform. The WHI Impact Pool completed fundraising in 2020 with capital commitments totaling $114.4 million, which included a commitment from us of $11.2 million. As of December 31, 2024, our remaining commitment was $2.9 million.
The third-party real estate services revenue, including expense reimbursements, from the JBG Legacy Funds and the WHI Impact Pool and its affiliates was $13.0 million, $21.3 million and $20.0 million for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had receivables from the JBG Legacy Funds and the WHI Impact Pool and its affiliates totaling $2.1 million and $3.5 million for such services.
Commencing in March 2023, in connection with the sale of an 80.0% interest in 4747 Bethesda Avenue in 2023, we leased our corporate offices from an unconsolidated real estate venture and incurred $5.4 million and $5.0 million of rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, which was included in "General and administrative expense" in our consolidated statements of operations.
We rented our former corporate offices from an unconsolidated real estate venture and made payments totaling $922,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022.
We have agreements with Building Maintenance Services ("BMS"), an entity in which we have a minor preferred interest, to supervise cleaning, engineering and security services at our properties. We paid BMS $9.5 million, $9.3 million and $10.7 million for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, which was included in "Property operating expenses" in our consolidated statements of operations.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of our assets, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisitions, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2024, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements and has issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees of JBG SMITH Properties
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of JBG SMITH Properties and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, of the Company and our report dated February 18, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
McLean, Virginia
February 18, 2025

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
TRADING ARRANGEMENTS
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of our officers or trustees adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following discussion summarizes our taxation and the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of our common shares, preferred shares and depositary shares (together with common shares and preferred shares, the "shares") as well as our warrants and rights (together with the shares, the "securities") and is provided for general information only. This is not tax advice. The tax treatment of our shareholders will vary depending upon the holder's particular situation, and this discussion does not deal with all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular shareholders in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances. This section also does not deal with all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to certain types of shareholders to which special provisions of the U.S. federal income tax laws apply, including:
● dealers in securities or currencies;
● traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings;
● banks;
● life insurance companies;
● tax-exempt organizations;
● certain insurance companies;
● persons liable for the alternative minimum tax;
● persons that hold shares that are a hedge, that are hedged against interest rate or currency risks or that are part of a straddle or conversion transaction;
● persons that purchase or sell shares as part of a wash sale for tax purposes;
● persons who do not hold our shares as capital assets; and
● U.S. shareholders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.
This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code"), its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations under the Code, published rulings and court decisions. This summary describes the provisions of these sources of law only as they are currently in effect. All of these sources of law may change at any time, and any change in the law may apply retroactively.
If a partnership holds our shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally depends on the status of the partner and the tax treatment of the partnership. A partner in a partnership holding our shares should consult its tax advisor with regard to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in our shares.
We urge you to consult with your tax advisors regarding the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning and selling our shares, in light of your particular circumstances.
Taxation of JBG SMITH as a REIT
We elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, commencing with our taxable year that ended December 31, 2017 (our first taxable year). We believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to
qualify for taxation as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Code. We conduct our business as an umbrella partnership REIT, pursuant to which substantially all of our assets are held by our operating partnership, JBG SMITH LP. We are the sole general partner of JBG SMITH LP and we own 86.0% of its outstanding OP Units. JBG SMITH LP owns, directly or indirectly, majority interests in several subsidiary REITs and minority interests in certain other subsidiary REITs through its interests in certain joint ventures. Our subsidiary REITs are subject to the same REIT qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that apply to us (and in certain cases, are subject to more stringent REIT qualification requirements).
When we offer our shares, we will request an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP, our REIT tax counsel, to the effect that we have been organized and have operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT, effective for each of our taxable years ended December 31, 2017, through and including our immediately preceding calendar year, and that our current organization and current and intended method of operation will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for the taxable year in which the offering occurs and thereafter.
It must be emphasized that the opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP, described in the preceding paragraph, regarding our status as a REIT, will rely, without independent investigation or verification, on various assumptions relating to our organization and operation and on prior opinions provided by Sullivan & Cromwell LLP and Hogan Lovells US LLP, as described below under "Failure to Qualify as a REIT," as to the qualification and taxation of Vornado, each REIT that was contributed by VRLP to JBG SMITH LP and each REIT that was contributed to JBG SMITH LP by JBG, as a REIT, and will be conditioned upon fact-based representations and covenants made by our management regarding our organization, assets and income, and the present and future conduct of our business operations. While we intend to continue to operate so that we continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given by Hogan Lovells US LLP or by us that we will qualify to be taxed as a REIT for any particular year. Any such opinion will be expressed as of the date issued. In connection with such opinion, Hogan Lovells US LLP will have no obligation to advise us or our shareholders of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. You should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS, and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions set forth in any such opinion. Hogan Lovells US LLP's opinion would not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more of the REIT savings provisions discussed below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to maintain our REIT qualification.
Our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend on our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of share ownership, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Code, the compliance with which will not be monitored by Hogan Lovells US LLP. Our ability to qualify to be taxed as a REIT also requires that we satisfy certain tests, some of which depend upon the fair market values of assets that we own directly or indirectly. Such values may not be susceptible to a precise determination. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations for any taxable year will satisfy such requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
As noted above, we have elected, and believe we have been organized and have operated in such a manner as to qualify, to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, from and after our taxable year that ended December 31, 2017 (our first taxable year). The material qualification requirements are summarized below under "-Requirements for Qualification." While we believe that we operate so that we qualify to be taxed as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification, or that we will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future. Please refer to "-Failure to Qualify as a REIT." The discussion in this section "-Taxation of JBG SMITH as a REIT" assumes that we will qualify as a REIT.
As a REIT, we generally do not have to pay federal corporate income taxes on our net income that we currently distribute to our shareholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation" at the corporate and shareholder levels that generally results from investment in a regular corporation. Our dividends, however, typically are not eligible for (i) the reduced rates of tax applicable to dividends received by noncorporate shareholders, except in limited circumstances, and (ii) the corporate dividends received deduction. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, however, U.S.
shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates may deduct 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary dividends distributed by us, subject to certain limitations. Our capital gain dividends and qualified dividend income generally are subject to a maximum 23.8% rate (which rate takes into account the maximum capital gain rate of 20% and the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income, described below under "-Net Investment Income Tax"). See "-Taxation of U.S. Shareholders-Taxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders-Taxation of Dividends."
Any net operating losses, foreign tax credits and other tax attributes generated or incurred by us generally do not pass through to our shareholders, subject to special rules for certain items such as the capital gain that we recognize. See "-Taxation of U.S. Shareholders-Taxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders-Taxation of Dividends."
Although we generally do not pay federal corporate income tax on our net income that we currently distribute to our shareholders, we will have to pay U.S. federal income tax as follows:
● First, we will have to pay tax at regular corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains.
● Second, if we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with certain leasehold terminations or a foreclosure of a mortgage loan as "foreclosure property," we may thereby avoid (i) the 100% prohibited transactions tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale otherwise would constitute a prohibited transaction); and (ii) the inclusion of any income from such property as non-qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests discussed below. Income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate (currently 21%).
● Third, if we have net income from "prohibited transactions," as defined in the Code, we will have to pay a 100% tax on that income. Prohibited transactions are, in general, certain sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.
● Fourth, if we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as discussed below under "-Requirements for Qualification-Income Tests," but have nonetheless maintained our qualification as a REIT because we have satisfied some other requirements, we will have to pay a 100% tax on an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of (i) 75% of our gross income over the amount of gross income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% test, and (ii) 95% of our gross income over the amount of gross income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% test, multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
● Fifth, if we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for that year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for that year and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would have to pay a 4% excise tax on the excess of that required distribution over the sum of the amounts actually distributed and retained amounts on which income tax is paid at the corporate level.
● Sixth, if we acquire any asset from a C corporation in certain transactions in which we succeed to the basis of the asset or any other property in the hands of the C corporation as the basis of the asset in our hands, and we recognize gain on the disposition of that asset during the five-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired that asset, then we will have to pay tax on the built-in gain at the highest regular corporate rate. A C corporation means generally a corporation that has to pay full corporate-level tax.
● Seventh, if we derive "excess inclusion income" from a residual interest in a REMIC or certain interests in a TMP we could be subject to corporate level federal income tax at a 21% rate to the extent that such income is allocable to certain types of tax-exempt shareholders that are not subject to unrelated business income tax, such as government entities.
● Eighth, if we receive non-arm's-length income from a TRS, or as a result of services provided by a TRS to our tenants or to us, we will be subject to a 100% tax on the amount of our non-arm's-length income.
● Ninth, if we fail to satisfy a REIT asset test, as described below, due to reasonable cause and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions, we will generally be required to pay a tax
equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets that caused us to fail such test.
● Tenth, if we fail to satisfy any provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT (other than a violation of the REIT gross income tests or a violation of the asset tests described below) and the violation is due to reasonable cause, we may retain our REIT qualification but will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.
● Eleventh, we have a number of TRSs, the net income of which will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax at normal rates.
Notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we and our subsidiaries also may be subject to a variety of other taxes, including payroll taxes, property and other taxes on our assets, operations and net worth. We also could be subject to tax in other situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
● which is managed by one or more directors or trustees;
● the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;
● that would otherwise be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 859 of the Code;
● that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company to which certain provisions of the Code apply;
● the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons (except with respect to the first taxable year for which an election to be taxed as a REIT is made);
● during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares of which is owned, directly or constructively, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code to include certain entities (the "not closely held requirement") (except with respect to the first taxable year for which an election to be taxed as a REIT is made); and
● that meets certain other tests, including tests described below regarding the nature of its income and assets.
The Code provides that the conditions described in the first through fourth bullet points above must be met during the entire taxable year and that the condition described in the fifth bullet point above must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. We satisfy the conditions described in the first through sixth bullet points of the preceding paragraph. Our declaration of trust provides for restrictions regarding the ownership and transfer of our shares of beneficial interest, which restrictions are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in the fifth and sixth bullet points of the preceding paragraph. The ownership and transfer restrictions pertaining to our common shares are described in this prospectus under the heading "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest-Common Shares-Restrictions on Ownership of Common Shares."
Ownership of Subsidiary Entities
Ownership of Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries
If we are a partner in an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations under Section 856 of the Code provide that for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs that are described below, we will be deemed to own our proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and will be deemed to be entitled to the income of the partnership attributable to that share. In addition, the character of the assets and gross income of the partnership will retain the same character in our hands for purposes of Section 856 of the Code, including
for purposes of satisfying the gross income tests and the asset tests. As the sole general partner of our operating partnership, JBG SMITH LP, we have direct control over it and indirect control over the subsidiaries in which JBG SMITH LP or a subsidiary has a controlling interest. We currently intend to operate these entities in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. If we are or become a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company and such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity (including possibly by transferring the interest to one of our TRSs). In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action that could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time for us to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief as described below in "-Failure to Qualify as a REIT." In addition, actions taken by partnerships in which we own an interest can affect the determination of whether we have net income from prohibited transactions. See the fourth bullet in the list under "-Taxation of JBG SMITH as a REIT" for a brief description of prohibited transactions.
Under the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, liability is imposed on a partnership (rather than its partners) for adjustments to reported partnership taxable income resulting from audits or other tax proceedings. The liability can include an imputed underpayment of tax, calculated by using the highest marginal U.S. federal income tax rate, as well as interest and penalties on such imputed underpayment of tax. Using certain rules, partnerships may be able to transfer these liabilities to their partners. In the event any adjustments are imposed by the IRS on the taxable income reported by JBG SMITH LP or any of our other subsidiary partnerships, we intend to use the audit rules to the extent possible to allow us to transfer any liability with respect to such adjustments to the partners of JBG SMITH LP (which would include us) or the partners of any other subsidiary partnership who should properly bear such liability. However, there is no assurance that we will qualify under those rules or that we will have the authority to use those rules under the operating agreements for certain of our subsidiary partnerships.
If we own a corporate subsidiary that is a QRS, the QRS generally is disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and its assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of ours, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests that apply to us as a REIT. A QRS is any corporation other than a TRS that is wholly owned by us. Other entities that are wholly owned by us, including single member limited liability companies that have not elected to be taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, also generally are disregarded as separate entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. Disregarded subsidiaries, along with any partnerships in which we hold an equity interest, are sometimes referred to herein as "pass-through subsidiaries."
If a disregarded subsidiary ceases to be wholly owned by us (for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary of ours), the subsidiary's separate existence no longer would be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, the subsidiary would have multiple owners and would be treated either as a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation unless it is a TRS, a QRS or another REIT. See "-Income Tests" and "-Asset Tests."
Ownership of Subsidiary REITs
JBG SMITH LP owns, directly or indirectly, majority interests in several subsidiary REITs and minority interests in certain other subsidiary REITs through our interests in certain joint ventures. We believe that these subsidiary REITs are organized and operate in a manner that permits them to qualify for taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, if any of these subsidiary REITs were to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) the subsidiary REIT would become subject to regular U.S. corporate income tax, as described herein, see "-Failure to Qualify as a REIT" below, and (ii) our equity interest in such subsidiary REIT would cease to be a qualifying real estate asset for purposes of the 75% asset test and could become subject to the 5% asset test, the 10% voting share asset test, and the 10% value asset test generally applicable to our ownership in corporations other than REITs, QRSs and TRSs. See "-Asset Tests" below. If a subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT and if we were not able to treat the subsidiary REIT as a TRS of ours pursuant to certain prophylactic elections we have made, it is possible that we would not meet the 10% voting share test and the 10% value
test with respect to our indirect interest in such entity, in which event we would fail to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves of certain relief provisions.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
JBG SMITH LP owns a number of TRSs. A TRS is any corporation in which a REIT directly or indirectly owns stock, provided that the REIT and that corporation make a joint election to treat that corporation as a TRS. The election can be revoked at any time as long as the REIT and the TRS revoke such election jointly. In addition, if a TRS holds, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of the securities of any other corporation other than a REIT (by vote or by value), then that other corporation is also treated as a TRS. A corporation can be a TRS with respect to more than one REIT.
A TRS is subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates (currently a maximum rate of 21%), and may also be subject to state and local taxation. Any dividends paid or deemed paid by any one of our TRSs will also be taxable, either (1) to us to the extent the dividend is retained by us, or (2) to our shareholders to the extent the dividends received from the TRS are paid to our shareholders. We may hold more than 10% of the stock of a TRS without jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT notwithstanding the rule described below under "-Asset Tests" that generally precludes ownership of more than 10% of any issuer's securities. However, as noted below, for us to qualify as a REIT, the securities of all the TRSs in which we have invested either directly or indirectly may not represent more than 20% of the total value of our assets. Other than certain activities related to operating or managing a lodging or health care facility, a TRS may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or non-customary services to tenants of the parent REIT.
Income Tests
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we annually must satisfy two gross income requirements.
● First, we must derive at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, for each taxable year directly or indirectly from investments relating to real property, mortgage loans on real property or investments in REIT equity securities, including "rents from real property," as defined in the Code, or from certain types of temporary investments. Rents from real property generally include our expenses that are paid or reimbursed by tenants.
● Second, at least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, for each taxable year must be derived from real property investments as described in the preceding bullet point, dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or from any combination of these types of sources.
Rents that we receive will qualify as rents from real property in satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if the rents satisfy several conditions.
● First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from rents from real property solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
● Second, the Code provides that rents received from a tenant will not qualify as rents from real property in satisfying the gross income tests if the REIT, directly or under the applicable attribution rules, owns a 10% or greater interest in that tenant; except that rents received from a TRS under certain circumstances qualify as rents from real property even if we own more than a 10% interest in the subsidiary. We refer to a tenant in which we own a 10% or greater interest as a "related party tenant."
● Third, if rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to the personal property will not qualify as rents from real property.
● Finally, for rents received to qualify as rents from real property, the REIT generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to the tenants of the property, other than through an independent
contractor from whom the REIT derives no revenue or through a TRS. However, we may directly perform certain services that landlords usually or customarily render when renting space for occupancy only or that are not considered rendered to the occupant of the property.
We expect that we will not derive material rents from related party tenants. We also expect that we will not derive material rental income attributable to personal property, except where the personal property is leased in connection with the lease of real property and the amount of which is less than 15% of the total rent received under the lease.
We directly perform services for some of our tenants. We do not believe that the provision of these services will cause our gross income attributable to these tenants to fail to be treated as rents from real property. If we were to directly provide services to a tenant that are other than those that landlords usually or customarily provide when renting space for occupancy only, amounts received or accrued by us for any of these services will not be treated as rents from real property for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. However, the amounts received or accrued for these services will not cause other amounts received with respect to the property to fail to be treated as rents from real property unless the amounts treated as received in respect of the services, together with amounts received for certain management services, exceed 1% of all amounts received or accrued by us during the taxable year with respect to the property. If the sum of the amounts received in respect of the services to tenants and management services described in the preceding sentence exceeds the 1% threshold, then all amounts received or accrued by us with respect to the property will not qualify as rents from real property, even if we only provide the impermissible services to some, but not all, of the tenants of the property.
The term "interest" generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of that amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term "interest" solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Except to the extent provided by Treasury regulations, any income we derive from a hedging transaction that is clearly identified as such as specified in the Code, including gain from the sale or disposition of such a transaction, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests, and therefore will be excluded for purposes of these tests, but only to the extent that the transaction hedges indebtedness incurred or to be incurred by us to acquire or carry real estate. The term "hedging transaction," as used above, generally means any transaction we enter into in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate or price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, by us. "Hedging transaction" also includes any transaction entered into primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income test (or any property which generates such income or gain), including gain from the termination of such a transaction. Gross income also excludes income from clearly identified hedging transactions that are entered into with respect to previously acquired hedging transactions that a REIT entered into to manage interest rate or currency fluctuation risks when the previously hedged indebtedness is extinguished or property is disposed of. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Interest income and gain from the sale of a debt instrument not secured by real property or an interest in real property, including "nonqualified" debt instruments issued by a "publicly offered REIT," are not treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test (even though such instruments are treated as "real estate assets," as discussed below) but are treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. A "publicly offered REIT" means a REIT that is required to file annual and periodic reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act.
As a general matter, certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests, as follows.
"Real estate foreign exchange gain" will be excluded from gross income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income test. Real estate foreign exchange gain generally includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, foreign currency gain attributable to the
acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations secured by mortgage loans on real property or on interests in real property and certain foreign currency gain attributable to certain qualified business units of a REIT.
"Passive foreign exchange gain" will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Passive foreign exchange gain generally includes real estate foreign exchange gain as described above, and also includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations that would not fall within the scope of the definition of real estate foreign exchange gain.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for that year if we satisfy the requirements of other provisions of the Code that allow relief from disqualification as a REIT. These relief provisions will generally be available if:
● Our failure to meet the income tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect; and
● We file a schedule of each item of income in excess of the limitations described above in accordance with regulations to be prescribed by the IRS.
We might not be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions, however, and, even if these relief provisions apply, we would have to pay a tax on the excess income. The tax will be a 100% tax on an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of (i) 75% of our gross income over the amount of gross income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% test, and (ii) 95% of our gross income over the amount of gross income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% test, multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must also satisfy four tests relating to the nature of our assets.
● First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, including (a) real estate assets held by our QRSs, our allocable share of real estate assets held by partnerships in which we own an interest and stock issued by another REIT, (b) for a period of one year from the date of our receipt of proceeds of an offering of our shares of beneficial interest or publicly offered debt with a term of at least five years, stock or debt instruments purchased with these proceeds, (c) cash, cash items and government securities, and (d) certain debt instruments of "publicly offered REITs" (as defined above), interests in real property or interests in mortgage loans on real property (including a mortgage secured by both real property and personal property, provided that the fair market value of the personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all property securing such mortgage), and personal property to the extent that rents attributable to the property are treated as rents from real property under the applicable Code section.
● Second, not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities other than those in the 75% asset class (except that not more than 25% of the REIT's total assets may be represented by "nonqualified" debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs). For this purpose, a "nonqualified" debt instrument issued by a publicly offered REIT is any real estate asset that would cease to be a real estate asset if the definition of a real estate asset was applied without regard to the reference to debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs.
● Third, not more than 20% of our total assets may constitute securities issued by TRSs and, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, the value of any one issuer's securities, other than equity securities issued by another REIT or securities issued by a TRS, owned by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.
● Fourth, we may not own more than 10% of the vote or value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, except for issuers that are REITs, QRSs or TRSs, or certain securities that qualify under a safe harbor provision of the Code (such as so-called "straight-debt" securities).
Solely for the purposes of the 10% value test described above, the determination of our interest in the assets of any partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest will be based on our capital interest in any securities issued by the partnership or limited liability company, excluding for this purpose certain securities described in the Code.
If the IRS successfully challenges the partnership status of any of the partnerships in which we maintain a more than 10% vote or value interest, and the partnership is reclassified as a corporation or a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, we could lose our REIT status. In addition, in the case of such a successful challenge, we could lose our REIT status if such recharacterization results in us otherwise failing one of the asset tests described above.
Certain relief provisions may be available to us if we fail to satisfy the asset tests described above after a 30-day cure period. Under these provisions, we will be deemed to have met the 5% and 10% REIT asset tests if the value of our nonqualifying assets (i) does not exceed the lesser of (a) 1% of the total value of our assets at the end of the applicable quarter and (b) $10,000,000, and (ii) we dispose of the nonqualifying assets within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the period of time prescribed by Treasury regulations to be issued. For violations due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect that are not described in the preceding sentence, we may avoid disqualification as a REIT under any of the asset tests, after the 30-day cure period, by taking steps including (i) the disposition of the nonqualifying assets to meet the asset test within (a) six months after the last day of the quarter in which the failure to satisfy the asset tests is discovered or (b) the period of time prescribed by Treasury regulations to be issued, (ii) paying a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 or (b) the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets, and (iii) disclosing certain information to the IRS.
Annual Distribution Requirements.
To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute, on an annual basis, dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our shareholders in an amount at least equal to (1) the sum of (a) 90% of our " REIT taxable income," computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain, and (b) 90% of the net after-tax income, if any, from foreclosure property minus (2) the sum of certain items of non-cash income.
In addition, if we acquire an asset from a C corporation in a carryover basis transaction and dispose of such asset during the five-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired that asset, we may be required to distribute at least 90% of the after-tax built-in gain, if any, recognized on the disposition of the asset.
These distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate or may be paid in the following taxable year if the distributions are declared before we timely file our tax return for the year to which they relate and are paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after the declaration. A special rule applies that permits distributions that are declared in October, November or December as of a record date in such month and actually paid in January of the following year to be treated as if they were paid on December 31 of the year declared.
To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will have to pay tax on the undistributed amounts at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income for that year, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income for that year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will have to pay a 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of the amounts actually distributed and retained amounts on which income tax is paid at the corporate level.
In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirement for REITs, and to provide REITs with a REIT-level dividends paid deduction, the distributions must not be "preferential dividends." A distribution is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (1) pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class and (2) in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in the REIT's organizational documents. This requirement does not apply to publicly offered REITs, including us, but continues to apply to our subsidiary REITs.
We intend to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.
The calculation of REIT taxable income includes deductions for noncash charges, such as depreciation. Accordingly, we anticipate that we generally will have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the distribution requirements described above. However, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and the actual payment of deductible expenses, and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses for purposes of determining our annual taxable income. Further, under Section 451 of the Code, subject to certain exceptions, we must accrue income for U.S. federal income tax purposes no later than the time at which such income is taken into account in our consolidated financial statements, which could create additional differences between REIT taxable income and the receipt of cash attributable to such income. In addition, we may decide to retain our cash, rather than distribute it, to repay debt, acquire assets, or for other reasons. If these timing differences occur, we may borrow funds to pay dividends or we may pay dividends through the distribution of other property (including our shares) in order to meet the distribution requirements, while preserving our cash. Alternatively, subject to certain conditions and limitations, we may declare a taxable dividend payable in cash or shares at the election of each shareholder, where the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed with respect to such dividend may be subject to limitation. In such case, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, shareholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount (both the cash and share component) of the dividend as ordinary taxable income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to shareholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends; however, we will be required to pay interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Interest Deduction Limitation
Section 163(j) of the Code limits the deductibility of net interest expense paid or accrued on debt properly allocable to a trade or business to 30% of "adjusted taxable income," subject to certain exceptions. Any amount paid or accrued in excess of the limitation is carried forward and may be deducted in a subsequent year, again subject to the 30% limitation. Adjusted taxable income is determined without regard to certain deductions, including those for net interest expense, and net operating loss carryforwards. Beginning with our federal income tax return for the taxable year ended December 31, 2018, we made a timely election (which is irrevocable), such that the 30% limitation does not apply. This election is available for a trade or business involving real property development, redevelopment, construction, reconstruction, rental, operation, acquisition, conversion, disposition, management, leasing or brokerage, within the meaning of Section 469(c)(7)(C) of the Code. As a result of this election, depreciable real property (including certain improvements) held by the relevant trade or business must be depreciated under the alternative depreciation system under the Code, which generally is less favorable than the generally applicable system of depreciation under the Code. If it was subsequently determined that this election was not in fact available with respect to all or certain of our business activities, the new interest deduction limitation could result in us having more REIT taxable income and, thus, increase the amount of distributions we must make in order to comply with the REIT requirements and avoid incurring corporate level income tax.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT
If we would otherwise fail to qualify as a REIT because of a violation of one of the requirements described above, our qualification as a REIT will not be terminated if the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and we pay a penalty tax of $50,000 for the violation. The immediately preceding sentence does not apply to a violation of the income tests described above or a violation of the asset tests described above, each of which has a specific relief provision that is described above.
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions described above do not apply, we would be subject to tax on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. We cannot deduct distributions to holders of our shares in any year in which we are not a REIT, nor would we be required to make distributions in such a year. We would possibly also be subject to certain taxes enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 that are applicable to non-REIT corporations, including the nondeductible 1% excise tax on certain stock repurchases. As a result, we anticipate that our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the funds available for distribution by us to our shareholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to our shareholders will be taxable as regular corporate dividends to such
shareholders to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). Such dividends paid to U.S. holders of our shares that are individuals, trusts and estates may be taxable at the preferential income tax rates (i.e., the 23.8% maximum U.S. federal rate for capital gain, which rate takes into account the maximum capital gain rate of 20% and the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income, described below under "-Net Investment Income Tax") for qualified dividends. Such dividends, however, would not be eligible for the 20% deduction on "qualified" REIT dividends allowed by Section 199A of the Code generally available to U.S. holders of our shares that are individuals, trusts or estates for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. In addition, in a case where we did not qualify to be taxed as a REIT, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction, subject to the limitations of the Code. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we also will be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lose our qualification. It is not possible to state whether, in all circumstances, we will be entitled to this statutory relief.
In connection with the distribution of JBG SMITH by Vornado and the combination, we received an opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP and an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP to the effect that we were organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and that our proposed method of operation enabled us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, we received an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP with respect to each REIT that was contributed to JBG SMITH LP by JBG in the combination, and we and JBG received an opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP with respect to each REIT that was contributed by VRLP to JBG SMITH LP, in each case to the effect that each such REIT had been organized and had operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and that its actual method of operation enabled such REIT to meet up to the date of the distribution, and its proposed method of operation would enable such REIT to continue to meet following the date of the distribution, the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders
As used in this section, the term "U.S. shareholder" means a holder of our shares who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:
● a citizen or resident of the United States;
● a domestic corporation;
● an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
● a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust's administration and one or more United States persons have authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
Taxation of Dividends.
As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions made by us out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, and not designated by us as capital gain dividends, will constitute dividends that are taxable to our taxable U.S. shareholders as ordinary income.
Noncorporate U.S. shareholders will generally not be entitled to the preferential tax rate (currently 23.8%, inclusive of the 3.8% net investment income tax) applicable to certain types of dividends that give rise to "qualified dividend income," except with respect to the portion of any distribution (a) that represents income from dividends we received from a corporation in which we own shares to the extent that such dividends would be eligible for the lower rate on dividends if paid by the corporation to its individual shareholders, (b) that is equal to the sum of our REIT taxable income (taking into account the dividends paid deduction available to us) and certain net built-in gain with respect to property acquired from a C corporation in certain transactions in which we must adopt the basis of the asset in the hands of the C corporation for our previous taxable year and less any taxes paid by us during our previous taxable year, or (c) that represents earnings and profits that were accumulated by us in a prior non-REIT taxable year, in each case, provided that certain holding period
and other requirements are satisfied at both the REIT and individual shareholder level. For taxable years prior to January 1, 2026, our U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts or estates may deduct 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary dividends distributed by us, subject to certain limitations, pursuant to the temporary 20% deduction allowed by Section 199A of the Code. Such noncorporate U.S. shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the impact of tax rates on dividends received from us.
Our distributions will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction in the case of U.S. shareholders that are corporations. Our distributions that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be taxable to U.S. shareholders as gain from the sale of a capital asset held for more than one year, to the extent that they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which a U.S. shareholder has held its shares. Thus, with certain limitations, capital gain dividends received by an individual U.S. shareholder may be eligible for preferential rates of taxation. U.S. shareholders that are corporations may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. The maximum amount of dividends that may be designated by us as capital gain dividends and as "qualified dividend income" with respect to any taxable year may not exceed the dividends paid by us with respect to such year, including dividends paid by us in the succeeding taxable year that relate back to the prior taxable year for purposes of determining our dividends paid deduction. Capital gains attributable to the sale of depreciable real property held for more than twelve months are subject to a 25% maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for taxpayers who are taxed as individuals, to the extent of previously claimed depreciation deductions. In addition, the IRS has been granted authority to prescribe regulations or other guidance requiring the proportionality of the designation for particular types of dividends (for example, capital gain dividends) among REIT shares.
To the extent that we make ordinary distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, these distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to each U.S. shareholder. Thus, these distributions will reduce the adjusted basis which the U.S. shareholder has in its shares for tax purposes by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of a U.S. shareholder's adjusted basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gain, provided that the shares have been held as a capital asset. For purposes of determining the portion of distributions on separate classes of shares that will be treated as dividends for federal income tax purposes, current and accumulated earnings and profits will be allocated first to distributions attributable to the priority rights of preferred shares before being allocated to other distributions.
Dividends authorized by us in October, November or December of any year and payable to a shareholder of record on a specified date in any of those months will be treated as both paid by us and received by the shareholder on December 31 of that year, provided that we actually pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following calendar year but only to the extent of earnings and profits in that year. Shareholders may not include in their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
We may make distributions to our shareholders that are paid in shares. These distributions would be intended to be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and a U.S. shareholder would, therefore, generally have taxable income with respect to such distributions of shares and may have a tax liability on account of such distribution in excess of the cash (if any) that is received.
U.S. shareholders holding shares at the close of our taxable year will be required to include, in computing their long-term capital gains for the taxable year in which the last day of our taxable year falls, the amount of our undistributed net capital gain that we designate in a written notice distributed to our shareholders. We may not designate amounts in excess of our undistributed net capital gain for the taxable year. Each U.S. shareholder required to include the designated amount in determining the shareholder's long-term capital gains will be deemed to have paid, in the taxable year of the inclusion, the tax paid by us in respect of the undistributed net capital gains. U.S. shareholders to whom these rules apply will be allowed a credit or a refund, as the case may be, for the tax they are deemed to have paid. U.S. shareholders will increase their basis in their shares by the difference between the amount of the includible gains and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder in respect of these gains.
Distributions made by us and gain arising from a U.S. shareholder's sale or exchange of shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. shareholders generally will not be able to apply any passive losses against that income or gain.
Distributions to Holders of Depositary Shares. Owners of depositary shares will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if they were owners of the underlying preferred shares represented by such depositary shares. Accordingly, such owners will be entitled to take into account, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, income and deductions to which they would be entitled if they were direct holders of underlying preferred shares. In addition, (i) no gain or loss will be recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the withdrawal of certificates evidencing the underlying preferred shares in exchange for depositary receipts, (ii) the tax basis of each share of the underlying preferred shares to an exchanging owner of depositary shares will, upon such exchange, be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the depositary shares exchanged therefor, and (iii) the holding period for the underlying preferred shares in the hands of an exchanging owner of depositary shares will include the period during which such person owned such depositary shares.
Sale or Exchange of Shares
When a U.S. shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of shares, the shareholder will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between (a) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale or other disposition, and (b) the holder's adjusted basis in the shares for tax purposes. This gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the U.S. shareholder has held the shares as a capital asset. The gain or loss will be long-term gain or loss if the U.S. shareholder has held the shares for more than one year. Long-term capital gain of an individual U.S. shareholder is generally taxed at preferential rates. In general, any loss recognized by a U.S. shareholder when the shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of our shares that the shareholder has held for nine months or less, after applying certain holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to the extent of distributions received by the shareholder from us which were required to be treated as long-term capital gains.
The IRS has the authority to prescribe, but has not yet prescribed, Treasury Regulations that would apply a capital gain tax rate of 25% (which is higher than the long-term capital gain tax rate for noncorporate U.S. shareholders) to all or a portion of capital gain realized by a noncorporate U.S. shareholder on the sale of shares of our shares that would correspond to the U.S. shareholder's share of our "unrecaptured Section 1250 gain." U.S. shareholders should consult with their tax advisors with respect to their capital gain tax liability.
Redemption of Preferred Shares and Depositary Shares.
We do not currently have any preferred shares outstanding, but if we were to issue preferred shares in the future, the following would apply to a redemption of those preferred shares.
Whenever we redeem any preferred shares held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of depositary shares representing the preferred shares so redeemed. The treatment accorded to any redemption by us for cash (as distinguished from a sale, exchange or other disposition) of our preferred shares to a holder of such preferred shares can only be determined on the basis of the particular facts as to each holder at the time of redemption. In general, a holder of our preferred shares will recognize capital gain or loss measured by the difference between the amount received by the holder of such shares upon the redemption and such holder's adjusted tax basis in the preferred shares redeemed (provided the preferred shares are held as a capital asset) if such redemption (i) is "not essentially equivalent to a dividend" with respect to the holder of the preferred shares under Section 302(b)(1) of the Code, (ii) is a "substantially disproportionate" redemption with respect to the shareholder under Section 302(b)(2) of the Code, or (iii) results in a "complete termination" of the holder's interest in all classes of our shares under Section 302(b)(3) of the Code. In applying these tests, there must be taken into account not only any series or class of the preferred shares being redeemed, but also such holder's ownership of other classes of our shares and any options (including stock purchase rights) to acquire any of the foregoing. The holder of our preferred shares also must take into account any such securities (including options) which are considered to be owned by such holder by reason of the constructive ownership rules set forth in Sections 318 and 302(c) of the Code.
If the holder of preferred shares owns (actually or constructively) none of our voting shares, or owns an insubstantial amount of our voting shares, based upon current law, it is probable that the redemption of preferred shares from such a holder would be considered to be "not essentially equivalent to a dividend." However, whether a distribution is "not essentially equivalent to a dividend" depends on all of the facts and circumstances, and a holder of our preferred shares
intending to rely on any of these tests at the time of redemption should consult its tax advisor to determine their application to its particular situation.
Satisfaction of the "substantially disproportionate" and "complete termination" exceptions is dependent upon compliance with the respective objective tests set forth in Section 302(b)(2) and Section 302(b)(3) of the Code. A distribution to a holder of preferred shares will be "substantially disproportionate" if the percentage of our outstanding voting shares actually and constructively owned by the shareholder immediately following the redemption of preferred shares (treating preferred shares redeemed as not outstanding) is less than 80% of the percentage of our outstanding voting shares actually and constructively owned by the shareholder immediately before the redemption, and immediately following the redemption the shareholder actually and constructively owns less than 50% of the total combined voting power of the Company. Because the Company's preferred shares are nonvoting shares, a shareholder would have to reduce such holder's holdings (if any) in our classes of voting shares to satisfy this test.
If the redemption does not meet any of the tests under Section 302 of the Code, then the redemption proceeds received from our preferred shares will be treated as a distribution on our shares as described under "-Taxation of U.S. Shareholders-Taxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders-Taxation of Dividends.," and "-Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders." If the redemption of a holder's preferred shares is taxed as a dividend, the adjusted basis of such holder's redeemed preferred shares will be transferred to any other shares held by the holder. If the holder owns no other shares, under certain circumstances, such basis may be transferred to a related person, or it may be lost entirely.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, information reporting requirements will apply to payments of dividends on and payments of the proceeds of the sale of our shares held by U.S. shareholders, unless an exception applies. The applicable withholding agent is required to withhold tax on such payments if (i) the payee fails to furnish a TIN to the payor or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, or (ii) the IRS notifies the payor that the TIN furnished by the payee is incorrect. In addition, the applicable withholding agent with respect to the dividends on our shares is required to withhold tax if (i) there has been a notified payee under-reporting with respect to interest, dividends or original issue discount described in Section 3406(c) of the Code, or (ii) there has been a failure of the payee to certify under the penalty of perjury that the payee is not subject to backup withholding under the Code. A U.S. shareholder that does not provide the applicable withholding agent with a correct TIN may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any U.S. shareholders who fail to certify their U.S. status to us.
Some U.S. shareholders, including corporations, may be exempt from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a U.S. shareholder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. shareholder's U.S. federal income tax and may entitle the shareholder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. The applicable withholding agent will be required to furnish annually to the IRS and to U.S. shareholders of our shares information relating to the amount of dividends paid on our shares, and that information reporting may also apply to payments of proceeds from the sale of our shares. Some U.S. shareholders, including corporations, financial institutions and certain tax-exempt organizations, are generally not subject to information reporting.
Net Investment Income Tax
A U.S. shareholder that is an individual or estate, or a trust that does not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt from such tax, is subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. shareholder's "net investment income" (or "undistributed net investment income" in the case of an estate or trust) for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the U.S. shareholder's modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (which in the case of individuals is between $125,000 and $250,000, depending on the individual's circumstances). A holder's net investment income generally includes its dividend income and its net gains from the disposition of REIT shares, unless such dividends or net gains are derived in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that consists of certain passive or trading activities). The temporary 20% deduction allowed by Section 199A of the Code with respect to ordinary REIT dividends received by noncorporate taxpayers is allowed only for purposes of Chapter 1 of the Code and, thus, apparently is not allowed as a deduction allocable to such dividends for purposes of determining the amount of net investment income subject to the 3.8% Medicare tax, which is imposed under Chapter 2A of the Code. If you are a U.S.
shareholder that is an individual, estate or trust, you are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of the Medicare tax to your income and gains in respect of your investment in our shares.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Shareholders
The IRS has ruled that amounts distributed as dividends by a REIT generally do not constitute unrelated business taxable income when received by a tax-exempt entity. Based on that ruling, provided that a tax-exempt shareholder is not one of the types of entity described below and has not held its shares as "debt financed property" within the meaning of the Code, the dividend income from shares will not be unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt shareholder. Similarly, income from the sale of shares will not constitute unrelated business taxable income unless the tax-exempt shareholder has held the shares as "debt financed property" within the meaning of the Code or has used the shares in a trade or business.
Notwithstanding the above paragraph, tax-exempt shareholders will be required to treat as unrelated business taxable income any dividends paid by us that are allocable to our "excess inclusion" income, if any.
Income from an investment in our shares will constitute unrelated business taxable income for tax-exempt shareholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under the applicable subsections of Section 501(c) of the Code, unless the organization is able to properly deduct amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset the income generated by its shares. Prospective investors of the types described in the preceding sentence should consult their tax advisors concerning these "set aside" and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a "pension-held REIT" will be treated as unrelated business taxable income to any trust which:
● is described in Section 401(a) of the Code;
● is tax-exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code; and
● holds more than 10% (by value) of the equity interests in the REIT.
Tax-exempt pension, profit-sharing and stock bonus funds that are described in Section 401(a) of the Code are referred to below as "qualified trusts." A REIT is a "pension-held REIT" if:
● it would not have qualified as a REIT but for the fact that Section 856(h)(3) of the Code provides that stock owned by qualified trusts will be treated, for purposes of the "not closely held" requirement, as owned by the beneficiaries of the trust (rather than by the trust itself); and
● either (a) at least one qualified trust holds more than 25% by value of the interests in the REIT or (b) one or more qualified trusts, each of which owns more than 10% by value of the interests in the REIT, hold in the aggregate more than 50% by value of the interests in the REIT.
The percentage of any REIT dividend treated as unrelated business taxable income to a qualifying trust is equal to the ratio of (a) the gross income of the REIT from unrelated trades or businesses, determined as though the REIT were a qualified trust, less direct expenses related to this gross income, to (b) the total gross income of the REIT, less direct expenses related to the total gross income. A de minimis exception applies where this percentage is less than 5% for any year. We are not and do not expect to be classified as a pension-held REIT.
The rules described above under the heading "U.S. Shareholders" concerning the inclusion of our designated undistributed net capital gains in the income of its shareholders will apply to tax-exempt entities. Thus, tax-exempt entities will be allowed a credit or refund of the tax deemed paid by these entities in respect of the includible gains.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships and estates or trusts that in either case are not subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis who own shares, which we call "non-U.S. shareholders," are complex. The following discussion is only a limited summary of these rules. Prospective non-U.S. shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the impact of U.S. federal, state and local income tax laws with regard to an investment in our shares, including any reporting requirements.
Ordinary Dividends
Distributions, other than distributions that are treated as attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests, as discussed below, and other than distributions designated by us as capital gain dividends, will be treated as ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution will ordinarily apply to distributions of this kind to non-U.S. shareholders, unless an applicable tax treaty reduces that tax. However, if income from the investment in the shares is (i) treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder's conduct of a U.S. trade or business or is (ii) attributable to a permanent establishment that the non-U.S. shareholder maintains in the United States if that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a condition for subjecting the non-U.S. shareholder to U.S. taxation on a net income basis, tax at graduated rates will generally apply to the non-U.S. shareholder in the same manner as U.S. shareholders are taxed with respect to dividends, and the 30% branch profits tax may also apply if the shareholder is a foreign corporation. We expect to withhold U.S. tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any dividends, other than dividends treated as attributable to gain from sales or exchanges of U.S. real property interests and capital gain dividends, paid to a non-U.S. shareholder, unless (a) a lower treaty rate applies and the required form evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate is filed with us or the appropriate withholding agent or (b) the non-U.S. shareholder files an IRS Form W-8 ECI or a successor form with us or the appropriate withholding agent claiming that the distributions are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder's conduct of a U.S. trade or business and in either case other applicable requirements were met.
Distributions to a non-U.S. shareholder that are designated by us at the time of distribution as capital gain dividends that are not attributable to, or treated as not attributable to, the disposition by us of a U.S. real property interest generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, except as described below.
If a non-U.S. shareholder receives an allocation of "excess inclusion income" with respect to a REMIC residual interest or an interest in a TMP owned by us, the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate of 30% with respect to such allocation, without reduction pursuant to any otherwise applicable income tax treaty.
Return of Capital
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits that are not treated as attributable to the gain from our disposition of a U.S. real property interest, will not be taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder to the extent that they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. shareholder's shares. Distributions of this kind will instead reduce the adjusted basis of the shares. To the extent that distributions of this kind exceed the adjusted basis of a non-U.S. shareholder's shares, they will give rise to tax liability if the non-U.S. shareholder otherwise would have to pay tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of its shares, as described below. If it cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made whether the distribution will be in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, withholding will apply to the distribution at the rate applicable to dividends. However, the non-U.S. shareholder may seek a refund of these amounts from the IRS if it is subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current accumulated earnings and profits.
Also, we could potentially be required to withhold at least 15% of any distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, even if the non-U.S. shareholder is not liable for U.S. tax on the receipt of that distribution. However, a non-U.S. shareholder may seek a refund of these amounts from the IRS if the non-U.S. shareholder's tax liability with respect to the distribution is less than the amount withheld. Such withholding should generally not be required if a non-
U.S. shareholder would not be taxed under the FIRPTA, upon a sale or exchange of shares. See the discussion below under "-Sales of Shares."
Capital Gain Dividends
Distributions that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests that are paid with respect to any class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and held by a non-U.S. shareholder who does not own more than 10% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of distribution will be treated as a normal distribution by us, and such distributions will be taxed as described above in "-Ordinary Dividends."
Distributions that are not described in the preceding paragraph and are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests will be taxed to a non-U.S. shareholder under the provisions of FIRPTA. Under this statute, these distributions are taxed to a non-U.S. shareholder as if the gain were effectively connected with a U.S. business. Thus, non-U.S. shareholders will be taxed on the distributions at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. shareholders, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax. We are required by applicable Treasury regulations under this statute to withhold 21% of any distribution that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. However, if we designate as a capital gain dividend a distribution made before the day we actually effect the designation, then, although the distribution may be taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder, withholding does not apply to the distribution under this statute. Rather, we must effectuate the 21% withholding from distributions made on and after the date of the designation, until the distributions so withheld equal the amount of the prior distribution designated as a capital gain dividend. The non-U.S. shareholder may credit the amount withheld against its U.S. tax liability.
Share Distributions
We may make distributions to our shareholders that are paid in shares. These distributions will be intended to be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, accordingly, will be treated in a manner consistent with the discussion above in "-Ordinary Dividends" and "Capital Gain Dividends." If we are required to withhold an amount in excess of any cash distributed along with the shares, we will retain and sell some of the shares that would otherwise be distributed in order to satisfy our withholding obligations.
Sales of Shares
Gain recognized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon a sale or exchange of our shares generally will not be taxed under FIRPTA if we are a "domestically controlled REIT," defined generally as a REIT less than 50% in value of whose stock is and was held directly or indirectly by foreign persons at all times during a specified testing period (for this purpose, if any class of a REIT's stock is regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States, a person holding less than 5% of such class during the testing period is presumed not to be a foreign person, unless we have actual knowledge otherwise). We believe that we are a domestically controlled REIT, but because our common shares are publicly traded, there can be no assurance that we in fact will qualify as a domestically-controlled REIT. Assuming that we continue to be a domestically controlled REIT, taxation under FIRPTA generally will not apply to the sale of shares. However, gain to which the FIRPTA rules do not apply still will be taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder if investment in the shares is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder's U.S. trade or business or is attributable to a permanent establishment that the non-U.S. shareholder maintains in the United States if that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a condition for subjecting the non-U.S. shareholder to U.S. taxation on a net income basis. In this case, the same treatment will apply to the non-U.S. shareholder as to U.S. shareholders with respect to the gain. In addition, gain to which FIRPTA does not apply will be taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder if the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a "tax home" in the United States, or maintains an office or a fixed place of business in the United States to which the gain is attributable. In this case, a 30% tax will apply to the nonresident alien individual's capital gains. A similar rule will apply to capital gain dividends to which FIRPTA does not apply.
If we do not qualify as a domestically controlled REIT, the tax consequences of a sale of shares by a non-U.S. shareholder will depend upon whether such shares are regularly traded on an established securities market and the amount of such
shares that are held by the non-U.S. shareholder. Specifically, a non-U.S. shareholder that holds a class of shares that is traded on an established securities market will only be subject to FIRPTA in respect of a sale of such shares if the shareholder owned more than 10% of the shares of such class at any time during a specified period. A non-U.S. shareholder that holds a class of our shares that is not traded on an established securities market will only be subject to FIRPTA in respect of a sale of such shares if, on the date the shares were acquired by the shareholder, the shares had a fair market value greater than the fair market value on that date of 5% of the regularly traded class of our outstanding shares with the lowest fair market value. If a non-U.S. shareholder holds a class of our shares that is not regularly traded on an established securities market, and subsequently acquires additional interests of the same class, then all such interests must be aggregated and valued as of the date of the subsequent acquisition for purposes of the 5% test that is described in the preceding sentence. If tax under FIRPTA applies to the gain on the sale of shares, the same treatment would apply to the non-U.S. shareholder as to U.S. shareholders with respect to the gain, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax. For purposes of determining the amount of shares owned by a shareholder, complex constructive ownership rules apply. You should consult your tax advisors regarding such rules in order to determine your ownership in the relevant period.
Qualified Shareholders and Qualified Foreign Pension Funds
Stock of a REIT will not be treated as a U.S. real property interest subject to FIRPTA if the stock is held directly (or indirectly through one or more partnerships) by a "qualified shareholder" or "qualified foreign pension fund." Similarly, any distribution made to a "qualified shareholder" or "qualified foreign pension fund" with respect to REIT stock will not be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest to the extent the stock of the REIT held by such qualified shareholder or qualified foreign pension fund is not treated as a U.S. real property interest.
A "qualified shareholder" generally means a foreign person which (i) (x) is eligible for certain income tax treaty benefits and the principal class of interests of which is listed and regularly traded on at least one recognized stock exchange or (y) a foreign limited partnership that has an agreement with the United States for the exchange of information with respect to taxes, has a class of limited partnership units that is regularly traded on the NYSE or the Nasdaq Stock Market, and such units' value is greater than 50% of the value of all the partnership's units; (ii) is a "qualified collective investment vehicle;" and (iii) maintains certain records with respect to certain of its owners. A "qualified collective investment vehicle" is a foreign person which (i) is entitled, under a comprehensive income tax treaty, to certain reduced withholding rates with respect to ordinary dividends paid by a REIT even if such person holds more than 10% of the stock of the REIT; (ii) (x) is a publicly traded partnership that is not treated as a corporation, (y) is a withholding foreign partnership for purposes of chapters 3, 4 and 61 of the Code, and (z) if the foreign partnership were a United States corporation, it would be a United States real property holding corporation, at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of disposition of, or distribution with respect to, such partnership's interest in a REIT; or (iii) is designated as a qualified collective investment vehicle by the Secretary of the Treasury and is either fiscally transparent within the meaning of Section 894 of the Code or is required to include dividends in its gross income, but is entitled to a deduction for distribution to a person holding interests (other than interests solely as a creditor) in such foreign person.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a foreign investor in a qualified shareholder directly or indirectly, whether or not by reason of such investor's ownership interest in the qualified shareholder, holds more than 10% of the stock of the REIT, then a portion of the REIT stock held by the qualified shareholder (based on the foreign investor's percentage ownership of the qualified shareholder) will be treated as a U.S. real property interest in the hands of the qualified shareholder and will be subject to FIRPTA.
A "qualified foreign pension fund" is any trust, corporation, or other organization or arrangement (A) which is created or organized under the law of a country other than the United States, (B) which is established (i) by such country (or one or more political subdivisions thereof) to provide retirement or pension benefits to participants or beneficiaries that are current or former employees (including self-employed individuals) or persons designated by such employees, as a result of services rendered by such employees to their employers or (ii) by one or more employers to provide retirement or pension benefits to participants or beneficiaries that are current or former employees (including self-employed individuals) or persons designated by such employees in consideration for services rendered by such employees to such employers, (C) which does not have a single participant or beneficiary with a right to more than 5% of its assets or income, (D) which is subject to government regulation and with respect to which annual information about its beneficiaries is provided, or is otherwise available, to the relevant tax authorities in the country in which it is established or operates, and (E) with respect to which,
under the laws of the country in which it is established or operates, (i) contributions to such organization or arrangement that would otherwise be subject to tax under such laws are deductible or excluded from the gross income of such entity or arrangement or taxed at a reduced rate, or (ii) taxation of any investment income of such organization or arrangement is deferred or such income is excluded from the gross income of such entity or arrangement or is taxed at a reduced rate.
Federal Estate Taxes
Shares held by a non-U.S. shareholder at the time of death will be included in the shareholder's gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Generally, information reporting will apply to payments of interest and dividends on our shares, and backup withholding described above for a U.S. shareholder will apply, unless the payee certifies that it is not a U.S. person or otherwise establishes an exemption.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our shares to or through the U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting and backup withholding as described above for U.S. shareholders unless the non-U.S. shareholder satisfies the requirements necessary to be an exempt non-U.S. shareholder or otherwise qualifies for an exemption. The proceeds of a disposition by a non-U.S. shareholder of our shares to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a U.S. person, a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, a foreign partnership if partners who hold more than 50% of the interest in the partnership are U.S. persons, or a foreign partnership that is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the U.S., then information reporting generally will apply as though the payment was made through a U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker.
Taxation of Holders of Our Warrants and Rights
We do not currently have any warrants or rights outstanding, but if we were in the future, the follow treatment would apply to the holders of those warrants or rights.
Warrants. Holders of our warrants will not generally recognize gain or loss upon the exercise of a warrant. A holder's basis in the common shares, preferred shares, or depositary shares representing preferred shares, as the case may be, received upon the exercise of the warrant will be equal to the sum of the holder's adjusted tax basis in the warrant and the exercise price paid. A holder's holding period in the common shares, preferred shares, or depositary shares representing preferred shares, as the case may be, received upon the exercise of the warrant will not include the period during which the warrant was held by the holder. Upon the expiration of a warrant, the holder will recognize a capital loss in an amount equal to the holder's adjusted tax basis in the warrant. Upon the sale or exchange of a warrant to a person other than us, a holder will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or exchange and the holder's adjusted tax basis in the warrant. Such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the warrant was held for more than one year. Upon the sale of the warrant to us, the IRS may argue that the holder should recognize ordinary income on the sale. Prospective holders of our warrants should consult their own tax advisors as to the consequences of a sale of a warrant to us.
Rights. In the event of a rights offering, the tax consequences of the receipt, expiration, and exercise of the rights we issue will be addressed in detail in a prospectus supplement. Prospective holders of our rights should review the applicable prospectus supplement in connection with the ownership of any rights, and consult their own tax advisors as to the consequences of investing in the rights.
Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan
General
We offer shareholders and prospective shareholders the opportunity to participate in our Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan, which is referred to herein as the "DRIP."
Although we do not currently offer any discount in connection with the DRIP, nor do we plan to offer such a discount at present, we reserve the right to offer in the future a discount on shares purchased, not to exceed 5%, with reinvested dividends or cash distributions and shares purchased through the optional cash investment feature. This discussion assumes that we do not offer a discount in connection with the DRIP. If we were to offer a discount in connection with the DRIP the tax considerations described below would materially differ. In the event that we offer a discount in connection with the DRIP, shareholders are urged to consult with their tax advisors regarding the tax treatment to them of receiving a discount.
Amounts Treated as a Distribution
Generally, a DRIP participant will be treated as having received a distribution with respect to our shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount determined as described below.
● A shareholder who participates in the dividend reinvestment feature of the DRIP and whose dividends are reinvested in our shares purchased from us will generally be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received the gross amount of any cash distributions which would have been paid by us to such a shareholder had they not elected to participate. The amount of the distribution deemed received will be reported on the Form 1099-DIV received by the shareholder.
● A shareholder who participates in the dividend reinvestment feature of the DRIP and whose dividends are reinvested in our shares purchased in the open market, will generally be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received (and will receive a Form 1099-DIV reporting) the gross amount of any cash distributions which would have been paid by us to such a shareholder had they not elected to participate (plus any brokerage fees and any other expenses deducted from the amount of the distribution reinvested) on the date the dividends are reinvested.
We will pay the annual maintenance cost for each shareholder's DRIP account. Consistent with the conclusion reached by the IRS in a private letter ruling issued to another REIT, we intend to take the position that the administrative costs do not constitute a distribution which is either taxable to a shareholder or which would reduce the shareholder's basis in their common shares. However, because the private letter ruling was not issued to us, we have no legal right to rely on its conclusions. Thus, it is possible that the IRS might view the shareholder's share of the administrative costs as constituting a taxable distribution to them and/or a distribution which reduces the basis in their shares. For this and other reasons, we may in the future take a different position with respect to these costs.
In the situations described above, a shareholder will be treated as receiving a distribution from us even though no cash distribution is actually received. These distributions will be taxable in the same manner as all other distributions paid by us, as described above under "-Taxation of U.S. Shareholders-Taxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders," "-Taxation of U.S. Shareholders -Taxation of Tax-Exempt Shareholders," or "-Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders," as applicable.
Basis and Holding Period in Shares Acquired Pursuant to the DRIP. The tax basis for our shares acquired by reinvesting cash distributions through the DRIP generally will equal the fair market value of our shares on the date of distribution (plus the amount of any brokerage fees paid by the shareholder). The holding period for our shares acquired by reinvesting cash distributions will begin on the day following the date of distribution.
The tax basis in our shares acquired through an optional cash investment generally will equal the cost paid by the participant in acquiring our shares, including any brokerage fees paid by the shareholder. The holding period for our shares
purchased through the optional cash investment feature of the DRIP generally will begin on the day our shares are purchased for the participant's account.
Withdrawal of Shares from the DRIP. When a participant withdraws stock from the DRIP and receives whole shares, the participant will not realize any taxable income. However, if the participant receives cash for a fractional share, the participant will be required to recognize gain or loss with respect to that fractional share.
Effect of Withholding Requirements. Withholding requirements generally applicable to distributions from us will apply to all amounts treated as distributions pursuant to the DRIP. See "-Backup Withholding and Information Reporting" for discussion of the withholding requirements that apply to other distributions that we pay. All withholding amounts will be withheld from distributions before the distributions are reinvested under the DRIP. Therefore, if a U.S. shareholder is subject to withholding, distributions which would otherwise be available for reinvestment under the DRIP will be reduced by the withholding amount.
Withholdable Payments to Foreign Financial Entities and Other Foreign Entities
Pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, commonly known as FATCA, a 30% FATCA withholding may be imposed on U.S.-source dividends paid to you or to certain foreign financial institutions, investment funds and other non-U.S. persons receiving payments on your behalf if you or such persons fail to comply with information reporting requirements. Payments of dividends that you receive in respect of our shares could be affected by this withholding if you are subject to the FATCA information reporting requirements and fail to comply with them or if you hold shares through a non-U.S. person (e.g., a foreign bank or broker) that fails to comply with these requirements (even if payments to you would not otherwise have been subject to FATCA withholding). An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable non-U.S. government may modify these rules. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the relevant U.S. law and other official guidance on FATCA withholding.
Other Tax Consequences
State and Local Taxes
State or local taxation may apply to us and our shareholders in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we or they transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment of us and our shareholders may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in us.
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. We cannot assure you that a change in law, including the possibility of major tax legislation, possibly with retroactive application, will not significantly alter the tax considerations (including applicable tax rates) on REITs or their shareholders that we describe herein, which could adversely affect an investment in our shares. Taxpayers should consult with their tax advisors regarding the effect of any future legislation on their particular circumstances.
Tax Consequences of Exercising the OP Unit Redemption Right
If you are a holder of OP Units, other than a holder to which special provisions of the U.S. federal income tax laws apply, as enumerated above, and you exercise your redemption right under the JBG SMITH LP partnership agreement, we may elect to exercise our right to acquire some or all of such OP Units in exchange for cash or our common shares (rather than having JBG SMITH LP satisfy your redemption right). However, we are under no obligation to exercise this right. If we do elect to acquire your OP Units in exchange for cash or our common shares, the transaction will be treated as a fully taxable sale of your OP Units to us. Your amount realized, taxable gain and the tax consequences of that gain are described under "- Disposition of OP Units" below. If we do not elect to acquire some or all of your OP Units in exchange for our common shares, JBG SMITH LP is required to redeem those OP Units for cash. Your amount realized, taxable gain and
the tax consequences of that gain are described under "- Redemption of OP Units" below. In addition, you will need to take into account the state and local tax consequences that would apply to you on exercise of your redemption right.
Redemption of OP Units
If JBG SMITH LP redeems OP Units for cash contributed by us in order to effect the redemption, the redemption likely will be treated as a sale of the OP Units to us in a fully taxable transaction, with your taxable gain and the tax consequences of that gain determined as described under "- Disposition of OP Units" below.
If your OP Units are redeemed for cash that is not contributed by us to effect the redemption, your tax treatment will depend upon whether or not the redemption results in a disposition of all of your OP Units. If all of your OP Units are redeemed, your taxable gain and the tax consequences of that gain will be determined as described under "- Disposition of OP Units" below. However, if less than all of your OP Units are redeemed, you will recognize taxable gain only if and to the extent that your amount realized, calculated as described below, on the redemption exceeds your adjusted tax basis in all of your OP Units immediately before the redemption (rather than just your adjusted tax basis in the OP Units redeemed), and you will not be allowed to recognize loss on the redemption.
Disposition of OP Units
If you sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of OP Units (including through the exercise of the OP Unit redemption right where the disposition is treated as a sale, as discussed above in "-Redemption of OP Units"), gain or loss from the disposition will be based on the difference between the amount realized on the disposition and the adjusted tax basis of the OP Units. The amount realized on the disposition of OP Units generally will equal the sum of: any cash received, the fair market value of any other property received (including the fair market value of any of our common shares received pursuant to the redemption) received, and the amount of liabilities of JBGS SMITH LP allocated to the OP Units.
You will recognize gain on the disposition of OP Units to the extent that this amount realized exceeds your adjusted tax basis in the OP Units. Because the amount realized includes any amount attributable to the relief from liabilities of JBG SMITH LP attributable to the OP Units, you could have taxable income, or perhaps even a tax liability, in excess of the amount of cash and value of the property received upon the disposition of the OP Units.
Generally, gain recognized on the disposition of OP Units will be capital gain. However, any portion of your amount realized that is attributable to "unrealized receivables" of JBG SMITH LP (as defined in Section 751 of the Code) will give rise to ordinary income. The amount of ordinary income recognized would be equal to the amount by which your share of "unrealized receivables" of JBG SMITH LP exceeds the portion of your adjusted tax basis that is attributable to those assets. Unrealized receivables include, to the extent not previously included in JBG SMITH LP's income, your allocable share of any rights held by JBG SMITH LP to payment for services rendered or to be rendered. Unrealized receivables also include amounts that would be subject to recapture as ordinary income if JBG SMITH LP were to sell its assets at their fair market value at the time of the sale of OP Units. In addition, a portion of the capital gain recognized on a sale or other disposition of OP Units may be subject to tax at a maximum rate of 25% to the extent attributable to accumulated depreciation on our "section 1250 property," or depreciable real property.
If you are considering disposing of your OP Units (including through exercise of your redemption right), you should consult with your personal tax advisor regarding the tax consequences to you of the disposition in light of your particular circumstances, particularly if any of your OP Units were converted from LTIP Units. If you are a holder of OP Units and you exercise your redemption right under the JBG SMITH LP partnership agreement, you will be required to reimburse the JBG SMITH LP for certain quarterly nonresident partner state income tax payments made on your behalf.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 24, 2025 (the "2025 Proxy Statement"). The 2025 Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference from our 2025 Proxy Statement. The 2025 Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference from our 2025 Proxy Statement. The 2025 Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference from our 2025 Proxy Statement. The 2025 Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference from our 2025 Proxy Statement. The 2025 Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following consolidated information is included in this Form 10-K:
(1) Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
These consolidated financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of this report and are hereby incorporated by reference.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Page
Schedule III - Real Estate Investments and Accumulated Depreciation
Schedules other than the one listed above are omitted because they are not applicable or the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
SCHEDULE III
JBG SMITH PROPERTIES
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Costs
Capitalized
Gross Amounts at Which Carried
Accumulated
Initial Cost to Company
Subsequent
at Close of Period
Depreciation
Land and
Buildings and
to
Land and
Buildings and
and
Date of
Date
Description
Encumbrances(1)
Improvements
Improvements
Acquisition(2)
Improvements (3)
Improvements
Total
Amortization
Construction(4)
Acquired
Multifamily Operating Assets
WestEnd25
$
97,500
$
67,049
$
5,039
$
116,329
$
69,232
$
119,185
$
188,417
$
47,525
RST Residences
77,512
31,064
133,256
2,108
31,091
135,337
166,428
25,961
1221 Van Street
87,253
27,386
63,775
28,998
28,300
91,859
120,159
28,210
RiverHouse Apartments
307,710
118,421
125,078
105,270
139,440
209,329
348,769
106,580
The Bartlett
217,453
41,687
-
229,600
42,018
229,269
271,287
52,462
220 20th Street
80,240
8,434
19,340
104,456
9,044
123,186
132,230
52,846
West Half
-
45,668
17,902
166,379
49,130
180,819
229,949
53,498
The Wren
110,045
14,306
-
141,480
17,780
138,006
155,786
29,850
900 W Street
-
21,685
5,162
39,256
22,182
43,921
66,103
10,932
901 W Street
-
25,992
8,790
66,244
26,956
74,070
101,026
17,317
The Batley
-
44,315
158,408
44,421
159,136
203,557
17,979
2221 S. Clark-Residential
-
6,185
16,981
37,288
6,545
53,909
60,454
18,848
Atlantic Plumbing
-
50,287
105,483
50,345
106,363
156,708
11,328
The Grace
136,536
7,989
25,276
180,976
11,823
202,418
214,241
8,253
Reva
137,084
8,822
27,911
177,762
13,053
201,442
214,495
7,461
Commercial Operating Assets
2121 Crystal Drive
-
21,503
87,329
67,691
24,697
151,826
176,523
70,046
2345 Crystal Drive
-
23,126
93,918
62,235
24,287
154,992
179,279
87,768
2231 Crystal Drive
-
20,611
83,705
35,060
22,062
117,314
139,376
67,476
1550 Crystal Drive
-
22,182
70,525
190,420
42,796
240,331
283,127
78,387
1980, 2020
2011 Crystal Drive
-
18,940
76,921
63,490
19,976
139,375
159,351
71,716
2451 Crystal Drive
-
11,669
68,047
53,547
12,594
120,669
133,263
64,550
1235 S. Clark Street
75,140
15,826
56,090
31,131
16,753
86,294
103,047
50,889
241 18th Street S.
-
13,867
54,169
66,124
24,076
110,084
134,160
62,564
251 18th Street S.
-
12,305
49,360
63,663
15,589
109,739
125,328
62,899
1215 S. Clark Street
105,000
13,636
48,380
56,057
14,419
103,654
118,073
59,848
201 12th Street S.
-
8,432
52,750
31,370
9,126
83,426
92,552
50,136
800 North Glebe Road
-
28,168
140,983
6,538
28,168
147,521
175,689
37,432
1225 S. Clark Street
85,000
11,176
43,495
39,790
11,825
82,636
94,461
43,984
1901 South Bell Street
-
-
36,918
(30,382)
6,451
6,536
200 12th Street S.
-
8,016
30,552
15,911
8,483
45,996
54,479
28,648
Crystal Drive Retail
-
9,300
29,774
(7,300)
8,325
23,449
31,774
16,579
One Democracy Plaza
-
-
33,628
(27,064)
6,493
6,564
3,138
1770 Crystal Drive
-
10,771
44,276
72,945
14,416
113,576
127,992
19,183
1980, 2020
Ground Leases
1700 M Street
-
34,178
46,938
(26,130)
54,986
-
54,986
-
2002, 2006
1831/1861 Wiehle Avenue
-
39,529
-
3,677
43,206
-
43,206
-
Under-Construction Assets
2000/2001 South Bell Street (5)
167,301
7,300
8,805
301,810
4,716
313,199
317,915
Development Pipeline
-
183,303
97,533
46,277
147,156
179,957
327,113
48,400
various
Corporate
Corporate
805,000
-
-
17,039
-
17,039
17,039
5,847
2,488,774
1,033,128
1,966,497
2,531,817
1,109,172
4,422,270
5,531,442
1,419,983
Held for sale
8001 Woodmont
99,959
28,621
180,775
(18,833)
28,158
162,405
190,563
$
2,588,733
$
1,061,749
$
2,147,272
$
2,512,984
$
1,137,330
$
4,584,675
$
5,722,005
$
1,420,748
Note: Depreciation of the buildings and improvements is calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to 40 years. The net basis of our assets and liabilities for tax reporting purposes is approximately $657.3 million higher than the amounts reported in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024.
(1) Represents the contractual debt obligations.
(2) Includes asset impairments recognized, amounts written off in connection with redevelopment activities and partial sale of assets.
(3) Land associated with buildings under construction was included in construction in progress which is reflected in the Building and Improvements column.
(4) Date of original construction, many assets have had substantial renovation or additional construction. See "Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition" column.
(5) In November 2024, a portion of 2000/2001 South Bell Street was placed into service.
The following is a reconciliation of real estate and accumulated depreciation:
Year Ended December 31,
Real Estate: (1)
Balance at beginning of the year
$
5,875,162
$
6,158,082
$
6,310,361
Acquisitions
-
-
365,166
Additions
202,602
347,757
352,034
Assets sold or written-off
(249,016)
(444,480)
(869,479)
Real estate impaired (2)
(106,743)
(186,197)
-
Balance at end of the year
$
5,722,005
$
5,875,162
$
6,158,082
Accumulated Depreciation:
Balance at beginning of the year
$
1,338,403
$
1,335,000
$
1,368,012
Depreciation expense
191,020
187,988
184,678
Accumulated depreciation on assets sold or written-off
(57,359)
(88,614)
(217,690)
Accumulated depreciation on real estate impaired (2)
(51,316)
(95,971)
-
Balance at end of the year
$
1,420,748
$
1,338,403
$
1,335,000
(1) Includes assets held for sale.
(2) In 2024, we determined that 1901 South Bell Street, 2101 L Street, 8001 Woodmont and two development parcels were impaired and recorded an impairment loss totaling $55.4 million. In 2023, we determined that 2101 L Street, 2100 Crystal Drive, 2200 Crystal Drive and a development parcel were impaired and recorded an impairment loss totaling $90.2 million. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. 2100 Crystal Drive and 2200 Crystal were taken out of service and subsequently reported in the development pipeline in 2024.
(3) Exhibit Index
Exhibits
Description
3.1
Declaration of Trust of JBG SMITH Properties, as amended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 21, 2017).
3.2
Articles Supplementary to Declaration of Trust of JBG SMITH Properties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 6, 2018).
3.3
Articles of Amendment to Declaration of Trust of JBG SMITH Properties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our current report on Form 8-K, filed on May 3, 2018).
3.4
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of JBG SMITH Properties, effective August 3, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 8, 2023).
4.1
Description of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.1
Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of JBG SMITH Properties LP, dated as of December 17, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 17, 2020).
10.2
Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of JBG SMITH Properties LP, dated as of April 29, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed on June 30, 2021).
10.3
Credit Agreement, dated as of January 14, 2022 by and among JBG SMITH Properties LP, as Borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 14, 2022).
10.4
First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2022, by and among JBG SMITH Properties LP, as Borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 2, 2022).
10.5
Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2023, by and among JBG SMITH Properties LP, as Borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 28, 2023).
10.6
Credit Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2022, by and among JBG SMITH Properties LP, as Borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 2, 2022).
10.7
First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2023, by and among JBG SMITH Properties LP, as Borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form - K, filed on July 28, 2023).
Exhibits
Description
10.8
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2023, by and among JBG SMITH Properties LP, as Borrower, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 29, 2023).
10.9†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Unit Issuance Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 21, 2017).
10.10†
JBG SMITH Properties Non-Employee Trustee Unit Issuance Agreement, dated July 18, 2017, by and among, JBG SMITH Properties, JBG SMITH Properties LP, Michael J. Glosserman and Glosserman Family JBG Operating, L.L.C. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 21, 2017).
10.11†
Separation Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2020, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Robert A. Stewart (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 3, 2020).
10.12†
Form of Indemnification Agreement between JBG SMITH Properties and each of its trustees and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 21, 2017).
10.13†
JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Employee Share Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 21, 2017).
10.14†
Amendment No. 1 to the JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Employee Share Purchase Plan, effective January 1, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 12, 2018).
10.15†
JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Omnibus Share Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to our Form S-8, filed on April 30, 2024).
10.16†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Formation Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on June 12, 2017).
10.17†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Formation Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on June 12, 2017).
10.18†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on June 12, 2017).
10.19†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on June 12, 2017).
10.20†
Form of Second Amended and Restated 2017 JBG SMITH Properties Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 4, 2020).
10.21†
Form of 2018 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 12, 2018).
10.22†
Form of July 2021 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 3, 2021).
Exhibits
Description
10.23†
Amended Form of July 2021 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 2, 2021).
10.24†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Non-Employee Trustee Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on June 21, 2017).
10.25†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Non-Employee Trustee Restricted Stock Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on June 21, 2017).
10.26†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Non-Employee Trustee Unit Issuance Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed on June 21, 2017).
10.27†
Amendment No. 1 to the JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Omnibus Share Plan, effective February 18, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to our Form S-8, filed on April 30, 2024).
10.28†
Amendment No. 2 to the JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Employee Share Purchase Plan, effective May 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 5, 2020).
10.29†
Amendment No. 3 to the 2017 Employee Share Purchase Plan, effective July 20, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 3, 2020).
10.30†
Amendment No. 4 to the 2017 Employee Share Purchase Plan, effective October 30, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.31†
Form of 2020 JBG SMITH Properties Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 5, 2020).
10.32†
Form of 2020 JBG SMITH Properties Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 5, 2020).
10.33†
Form of Amended and Restated 2018 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 5, 2020).
10.34†
Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2021, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and W. Matthew Kelly (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.35†
Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2021, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Kevin P. Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.36†
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2021, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Madhumita Moina Banerjee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.37†
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2021, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Steven A. Museles (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
Exhibits
Description
10.38†
Employment Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2021, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and George Xanders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.39†
Amendment No. 2 to the JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Omnibus Share Plan, effective December 1, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to our Form S-8, filed on April 30, 2024).
10.40†
Amendment No. 3 to the JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Omnibus Share Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to our Form S-8, filed on April 30, 2024).
10.41†
Amendment No. 4 to the JBG SMITH Properties 2017 Omnibus Share Plan, effective April 25, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to our Form S-8, filed on April 30, 2024).
10.42†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.43†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement for Consultants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.44†
Form of July 2021 Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 3, 2021).
10.45†
Form of July 2021 Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement (Special Termination & Vesting Provisions) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 3, 2021).
10.46†
Form of JBG SMITH Properties Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.47†
Form of 2021 JBG SMITH Properties Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 23, 2021).
10.48†
Form of AO LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 5, 2022).
10.49†
Form of 2024 AO LTIP Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.50†
Form of Agreement Equity Award in Lieu of Annual Cash Bonus (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.51†
First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2024, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Kevin P. Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.52†
Employment Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2024, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Evan Regan-Levine (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.53†
Employment Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2024, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and David Ritchey (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
Exhibits
Description
10.54†
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2024, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Madhumita Moina Banerjee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.55†
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2024, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Steven A. Museles (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.58 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.56†
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2024, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and George Xanders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
10.57†
Retirement and Consulting Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2024, by and between JBG SMITH Properties and Kevin Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in our Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed on October 29, 2024).
19.1**
Policy on Inside Information and Insider Trading.
21.1**
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1**
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1**
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2**
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and 18 U.S.C 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.
97.1†
JBG SMITH Properties Incentive Compensation Recovery Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 20, 2024).
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Extension Labels Linkbase
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
** Filed herewith.
† Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.