EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1487918
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1487918_10-K_2025_0001487918-25-000009.json

---

ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
GENERAL
We are an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company and have elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act, which imposes certain investment restrictions on our portfolio. Our investment objective is to provide our stockholders with both current income and capital appreciation primarily through debt investments and, to a lesser extent, equity investments. Our investment strategy is to maintain a credit investment portfolio focused primarily on middle-market companies in the United States. We use the term “middle-market” to refer to companies that may exhibit one or more of the following characteristics: number of employees between 150 and 2,000; revenues between $15 million and $300 million; annual EBITDA between $5 million and $50 million; generally, private companies owned by private equity firms or owners/operators; and enterprise value between $10 million and $500 million. For additional information about how we define the middle-market, see “-Investment Criteria/Guidelines.”
Our investment strategy focuses primarily on investments in middle-market companies in the United States, including investments in senior secured loans, which are comprised of first lien, second lien and unitranche loans, as well as investments in subordinated loans and, to a lesser extent, common stock, preferred stock and other equity securities. Our investments may be directly originated or may be purchased on a secondary basis in the U.S. leveraged loan market for Broadly Syndicated Loans (as defined below). As a BDC, we must not acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” as specified in the 1940 Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70% of our assets, as defined by the 1940 Act, are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). Qualifying assets include investments in “eligible portfolio companies.” Under the relevant SEC rules, the term “eligible portfolio company” includes all private companies, companies whose securities are not listed on a national securities exchange, and certain public companies that have listed their securities on a national securities exchange and have a market capitalization of less than $250 million, in each case organized in the United States. Conversely, we may invest up to 30% of our portfolio in opportunistic investments not otherwise eligible under BDC regulations. Specifically, as part of this 30% basket, we may consider investments in investment funds that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions to the 1940 Act and in advisers to similar investment funds, as well as in debt or equity of middle-market portfolio companies located outside of the United States, and debt and equity of public companies that do not meet the definition of eligible portfolio companies because their market capitalization of publicly traded equity securities exceeds the levels provided for in the 1940 Act. We have made, and may continue to make, opportunistic investments in Structured Finance Securities and other non-qualifying assets (discussed below), consistent with our investment strategy. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 80% and 81% of our investments were qualifying assets, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of our debt investment portfolio totaled $224.2 million in 36 portfolio companies, of which 85% and 15% were comprised of first lien loans and second lien loans, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of our equity investments totaled $108.6 million in 15 portfolio companies, and the fair value of our 18 Structured Finance Security investments totaled $76.9 million.
We execute on our investment strategy, in part, through OFSCC-FS, which established the BNP Facility on June 20, 2019. The reinvestment period of the BNP Facility ends on June 20, 2025, at which time the ability to access the unused commitment of the facility terminates. The facility is scheduled to mature on June 20, 2027. On a stand-alone basis, OFSCC-FS held approximately $151.0 million and $158.3 million in total assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which accounted for approximately 35% and 34% of our consolidated total assets, respectively.
We also execute our investment strategy, in part, by investing in Structured Finance Securities. We believe OFS Advisor is uniquely positioned, given its expertise in structured credit and managing CLOs, to make opportunistic investments in Structured Finance Securities, through which we aim to target attractive risk-adjusted returns. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we purchased $27.4 million and $7.6 million of Structured Finance Securities, respectively.
We historically have executed our investment strategy, in part, through SBIC I LP, a former licensee under the SBA’s SBIC program. On March 1, 2024, SBIC I LP fully repaid its outstanding SBA debentures totaling $31.9 million, and, on April 17, 2024, surrendered its license to operate as a SBIC.
A BDC is generally not permitted to incur indebtedness unless, immediately after such borrowing, it has an asset coverage ratio for total borrowings of at least 200% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 50% of the value of our assets). However, Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act permits BDCs to be subject to a minimum asset coverage ratio of 150%, if specific conditions are satisfied, when issuing senior securities (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 66 2/3% of the value of our assets).
On May 3, 2018, our Board, including a “required majority” (as such term is defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) thereof, approved the application of the modified asset coverage requirements set forth in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act. As a result, effective May 3, 2019, our minimum required asset coverage ratio decreased from 200% to 150%. See “Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019.”
Consistent with our strategy to maintain a leveraged portfolio of credit investments, our total outstanding debt levels of $248.4 million and $302.4 million resulted in a statutory asset coverage ratio of 169% and 160% as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
We have elected to be treated for tax purposes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. To continue to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC, we must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements. Pursuant to this election, we generally are not required to pay corporate-level taxes on any income we distribute to our stockholders as dividends.
Our investment activities are managed by OFS Advisor and supervised by our Board, a majority of whom are independent of us, OFS Advisor and its affiliates. Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to pay OFS Advisor an annual base management fee based on the average value of our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed funds and including assets owned by any consolidated entity) as well as an incentive fee based on our investment performance. OFS Advisor also serves as the investment adviser to other funds, including HPCI and OCCI. Additionally, OFS Advisor provides advisory and sub-advisory services to various funds, including: (i) CMFT Securities Investments, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CIM Real Estate Finance Trust, Inc., a corporation that qualifies as a real estate investment trust; and (ii) CIM Real Assets & Credit Fund, an externally managed registered investment company under the 1940 Act that operates as an interval fund and invests primarily in a combination of real estate, credit and related investments. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to OFS Advisor and its Affiliates-We have potential conflicts of interest related to obligations that OFS Advisor or its affiliates may have to other clients.”
Also, we have entered into an Administration Agreement with OFS Services. Under our Administration Agreement, we have agreed to reimburse OFS Services for our allocable portion (subject to the review and approval of our Board) of overhead and other expenses incurred by OFS Services in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement. See “-Management and Other Agreements-Administration Agreement.”
About OFS and Our Advisor
OFS is a full-service provider of capital and leveraged finance solutions to U.S. companies. As of December 31, 2024, OFS had 53 full-time employees. OFS is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois and also has offices in New York, New York and Los Angeles, California. Under the Staffing Agreement, OFSC makes experienced investment professionals available to OFS Advisor and provides OFS Advisor with access to the senior investment personnel of OFS and its affiliates. The Staffing Agreement also provides OFS Advisor with access to deal flow generated by OFS and its affiliates in the ordinary course of their businesses and commits the members of OFS Advisor’s investment committees to serve in that capacity.
Our investment activities are managed by OFS Advisor, an investment adviser that is registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act and a wholly owned subsidiary of OFSAM. OFS Advisor is responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting research and diligence on potential investments and equity sponsors, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring our investments, and monitoring our investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. As our investment adviser, OFS Advisor allocates investment opportunities among us and any other clients fairly and equitably over time in accordance with its allocation policy. See “Regulation-Exemptive Relief.”
Our relationship with OFS Advisor is governed by, and dependent on, the Investment Advisory Agreement and may be subject to conflicts of interest; see “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to OFS Advisor and its Affiliates.” OFS Advisor provides us with advisory services in exchange for a base management fee and incentive fee. See “Management and Other Agreements-Investment Advisory Agreement”. Our base management fee includes assets purchased with borrowed funds and assets owned by any consolidated entity; therefore, OFS Advisor will benefit when we incur debt or use leverage. Our Board is charged with protecting stockholders’ interests by monitoring how OFS Advisor addresses these and other conflicts of interest associated with its management services and compensation. While our Board is not expected to review or approve each borrowing or incurrence of leverage, our independent directors periodically review OFS Advisor’s services and fees as well as its portfolio management decisions and portfolio performance.
OFS Advisor capitalizes on the deal origination and sourcing, credit underwriting, due diligence, investment structuring, execution, portfolio management and monitoring experience of OFS’s professionals. The senior management team of OFS, including Bilal Rashid and Jeffrey A. Cerny, provides services to OFS Advisor. These managers have developed a broad network of contacts within the investment community, and possess an average of over 30 years of experience investing in debt and equity securities of middle-market companies. In addition, these managers have extensive experience investing in
assets that constitute our primary focus and have expertise in investing across all levels of the capital structure of middle-market companies. For further details, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Recent Developments.”
Competitive Strengths and Core Competencies
Deep Management Team Experienced in All Phases of Investment Cycle and Across All Levels of the Capital Structure. We are managed by OFS Advisor, which has access to the resources and expertise of OFS’s investment professionals through the Staffing Agreement with OFSC. As of December 31, 2024, OFS’s credit and investment professionals (including all investment committee members) employed by OFSC had an average of over 15 years of investment experience with strong institutional backgrounds.
Investment Capacity. The net proceeds of equity and debt offerings and borrowing capacity under our credit facilities should provide us with a sufficient amount of capital available for deployment into new investment opportunities in our targeted asset class.
Scalable Infrastructure Supporting the Entire Investment Cycle. We believe that our loan acquisition, origination and sourcing, underwriting, administration and management platform is scalable (that is, it can be expanded on a cost-efficient basis within a timeframe that meets the demands of business growth). Our platform extends beyond origination and sourcing and includes a regimented credit monitoring system. We believe that our careful approach, which involves ongoing review and analysis by an experienced team of professionals, should enable us to identify problems early and to assist borrowers before they face difficult liquidity constraints.
Extensive Loan Sourcing Capabilities. OFS Advisor gives us access to the deal flow of OFS. We believe OFS’s 25-year history as a middle-market lending platform, extensive relationships with potential borrowers and other lenders, and its market position make it a leading lender to many sponsors and other deal sources, especially in the currently under-served lending environment.
Structuring with a High Level of Service and Operational Orientation. We provide client-specific and creative financing structures to our portfolio companies. Based on our experience in lending to, and investing in, middle-market companies, we believe that the middle-market companies we target, as well as sponsor groups we may pursue, require a higher level of service, creativity and knowledge than has historically been provided by other service providers more accustomed to participating in commodity-like loan transactions.
Rigorous Credit Analysis and Approval Procedures. OFS Advisor utilizes an established, disciplined investment process of OFS for reviewing lending opportunities, structuring transactions and monitoring investments. Using a disciplined approach to lending, OFS Advisor seeks to minimize credit losses through effective underwriting, comprehensive due diligence investigations, structuring and, where appropriate, the implementation of restrictive debt covenants.
Our Administrator
We do not have any direct employees, and our day-to-day investment operations are managed by OFS Advisor. Currently, we have a chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief compliance officer, chief accounting officer, corporate secretary and, to the extent necessary, our Board may elect to appoint additional officers going forward. Our officers are employees of OFSC, an affiliate of OFS Advisor, and a portion of the compensation paid to our officers is paid by us pursuant to the Administration Agreement.
OFS Services, an affiliate of OFS Advisor, provides the administrative services necessary for us to operate. OFS Services furnishes us with office facilities and equipment, necessary software licenses and subscriptions and clerical, bookkeeping and recordkeeping services at such facilities. OFS Services oversees our financial reporting as well as prepares our reports to stockholders and all other reports and materials required to be filed with the SEC or any other regulatory authority. OFS Services also manages the determination and publication of our NAV, the preparation and filing of our tax returns, and generally monitors the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others. OFS Services may retain third parties to assist in providing administrative services to us. To the extent that OFS Services outsources any of its functions, we will directly pay the fees associated with such services.
Market Opportunity
Our investment strategy is focused primarily on investments in middle-market companies in the United States. We find the middle-market attractive for the following reasons:
Large Target Market. According to the National Center for the Middle Market, as of the fourth quarter of 2024, there were approximately 200,000 companies in the United States with annual revenues between $10.0 million and $1.0 billion. We believe that these middle-market companies represent a significant growth segment of the U.S. economy and often require substantial capital investments to grow. Middle-market companies have historically constituted the bulk of OFS’s portfolio
companies since its inception and constituted 67% of our portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2024. We believe that this market segment will continue to produce significant investment opportunities for us.
Specialized Lending Requirements with High Barriers to Entry. We believe that several factors render many U.S. financial institutions ill-suited to lend to U.S. middle-market companies. For example, based on the experience of our management team, lending to private middle-market companies in the United States: (a) is generally more labor-intensive than lending to larger companies due to the smaller size of each investment and the fragmented nature of information for such companies; (b) requires due diligence and underwriting practices consistent with the demands and economic limitations of the middle-market; and (c) may also require more extensive ongoing monitoring by the lender. As a result, middle-market companies historically have been served by a limited segment of the lending community. Due to the unique challenges facing lenders to middle-market companies, we believe that there are high barriers to entry that a new lender must overcome.
Robust Demand for Debt Capital. We believe that private equity firms have significant committed but uncalled capital, a large portion of which is available for investment in the United States. Subject to market conditions, we expect the large amount of unfunded buyout commitments will drive demand for leveraged buyouts over the next several years, which should, in turn, create leveraged lending opportunities for us.
Competition
Our primary competitors include public and private funds, other BDCs, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical, and marketing resources than we do. Many of these competitors have similar investment objectives to us, which may create additional competition for investment opportunities. Some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us, which may create competitive disadvantages for us with respect to our investment opportunity. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments and investment strategies, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Further, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC, or to the distribution and other requirements we must satisfy to maintain our RIC status.
We expect to continue to use the expertise of the investment professionals of OFS to whom we have access to assess investment risks and determine appropriate pricing for our investments in portfolio companies. In addition, we expect that the relationships of the senior members of OFS and its affiliates will enable us to learn about, and compete effectively for, financing opportunities with attractive middle-market companies in the industries in which we seek to invest. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business and Structure-We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, which could reduce returns and result in losses” for additional information concerning the competitive risks we face.
Investment Criteria/Guidelines
Our investment objective is to provide our stockholders with both current income and capital appreciation primarily through debt investments and, to a lesser extent, equity investments. We focus on investments in senior secured loans, including first lien, second lien, and unitranche loans, as well as subordinated loans and, to a lesser extent, common stock, preferred stock and Structured Finance Securities. In particular, we believe that structured equity with debt investments (i.e., typically senior secured unitranche loans, often with warrant coverage, and, at times, in companies with no financial sponsor) represent a strong relative value opportunity offering the borrower the convenience of dealing with one lender, which may result in a higher blended rate of interest to us than we might expect to receive under a traditional multi-tranche structure. We expect that our investments in the equity securities of portfolio companies, such as warrants, preferred stock, common stock and other equity interests, will principally be made in conjunction with our debt investments in those companies. Generally, we do not expect to make investments in companies or securities that OFS Advisor determines to be distressed investments (such as discounted debt instruments that have either experienced a default or have a significant potential for default), other than follow-on investments in portfolio companies of ours. We intend to continue to generate strong risk-adjusted net returns by assembling a diversified portfolio of investments across a broad range of industries.
We target U.S. middle-market companies through OFS’s access to a network of financial institutions, private equity sponsors, investment banks, consultants and attorneys, and our proprietary database of borrowers developed over OFS’s 25 year history of lending to middle-market companies. A typical targeted borrower will exhibit certain of the following characteristics:
•number of employees between 150 and 2,000;
•revenues between $15 million and $300 million;
•annual EBITDA between $5 million and $50 million;
•private companies owned by private equity firms or owners/operators;
•enterprise value between $10 million and $500 million;
•effective and experienced management teams;
•defensible market share;
•solid historical financial performance, including a steady stream of cash flow;
•high degree of recurring revenue;
•diversity of customers, markets, products and geography; and
•differentiated products or services.
While we believe that the characteristics listed above are important in identifying and investing in prospective portfolio companies, not all of these criteria will be met by each prospective portfolio company.
Due Diligence and Investment Process Overview
We employ a thorough and disciplined underwriting and due diligence process that is conducted in accordance with established credit policies and procedures and focused on investment recovery. Our process involves a comprehensive analysis of a prospective portfolio company’s market, operational, financial, and legal position, as well as its future prospects. In addition to our own analysis, we may use the services of third parties for environmental reviews, quality of earnings reports, industry surveys, background checks on key managers, and insurance reviews.
We seek to invest in companies that have experienced and incentivized management teams, stable and predictable cash flows, and defensible market positions. We underwrite the majority of our investments with the expectation that we will hold them for a number of years, and we structure and document, as applicable, our investments accordingly.
Our due diligence and underwriting process typically addresses the following elements (although certain elements may not be included in every due diligence undertaking):
Prospective Portfolio Company Characteristics - focusing on primary drivers of the company’s revenues and cash flows, including: (i) its key products and services; (ii) customer and supplier concentrations, and contractual relationships; (iii) depth, breadth, and quality of company management, as well as the extent to which the management team is appropriately compensated with equity incentives; and (iv) any regulatory, labor or litigation matters impacting the company.
Industry and Competitive Overview - evaluating: (i) industry size and the company’s position within it; (ii) growth potential and barriers to entry; (iii) governmental, regulatory, or technological issues potentially affecting the industry; and (iv) cyclicality or seasonality risks associated with the industry.
Financial Analysis - analyzing the company’s historical financial results, focusing on: (i) actual operating trends experienced over time, in order to forecast future performance, including in various sensitized performance scenarios; (ii) attention to projected cash flows, debt service coverage, and leverage multiples under such scenarios; and (iii) an assessment of enterprise valuations and debt repayment/investment recovery prospects given such sensitized performance scenarios.
Investment Documentation - focusing on obtaining the best legal protections available to us given our position within the capital structure, including, as appropriate: (i) financial covenants; (ii) collateral liens and stock pledges; (iii) review of loan documents of other of the prospective portfolio company’s creditors; and (iv) negotiation of inter-creditor agreements.
Portfolio Review/Risk Monitoring
We view active portfolio monitoring as a vital part of our investment process, and we benefit from a portfolio management system developed by OFS that includes daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly components, and that involves comprehensive review of the performance of each of our portfolio companies. As part of the portfolio management process, OFS Advisor performs ongoing risk assessments on each of our investments and assigns each debt investment a credit rating based on OFS’s proprietary internal ratings scale.
Our debt investments generally are assigned a rating of 3 at origination or purchase. We categorize debt investments into the following risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt:
1 (Low Risk) - The debt investment has mostly satisfactory asset quality and liquidity, as well as good leverage capacity. It maintains predictable and strong cash flows from operations. The trends and outlook for the portfolio company's operations, balance sheet, and industry are neutral to favorable. Collateral, if appropriate, has maintained value and would be capable of being liquidated on a timely basis. Overall a debt investment with a 1 risk rating is considered to be of investment grade quality.
2 (Below Average Risk) - The debt investment has acceptable asset quality, moderate excess liquidity, and modest leverage capacity. It could have some financial/non-financial weaknesses which are offset by strengths; however, the credit
demonstrates an ample current cash flow from operations. The trends and outlook for the portfolio company's operations, balance sheet, and industry are generally positive or neutral to somewhat negative. Collateral, if appropriate, has maintained value and would be capable of being liquidated successfully on a timely basis.
3 (Average) - The debt investment has acceptable asset quality, somewhat strained liquidity, and minimal leverage capacity. It is at times characterized by acceptable cash flows from operations. Under adverse market conditions, the debt service could pose difficulties for the borrower. The trends and conditions of the portfolio company's operations and balance sheet are neutral to slightly negative.
4 (Special Mention) - The debt investment has not lost, and is not expected to lose, principal or interest but it possesses credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses which deserve management’s close and continued attention. The portfolio company’s operations and/or balance sheet have demonstrated an adverse trend or deterioration which, while serious, has not reached the point where the liquidation of debt is jeopardized. These weaknesses are generally considered correctable by the borrower in the normal course of business but may weaken the asset or inadequately protect our credit position if not checked or corrected.
5 (Substandard) - The debt investment is protected inadequately by the current enterprise value or paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral, if any. The portfolio company has well-defined weaknesses based upon objective evidence, such as recurring or significant decreases in revenues and cash flows. These assets are characterized by the possibility that we may sustain loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The possibility that liquidation would not be timely (e.g., bankruptcy or foreclosure) requires a Substandard classification even if there is little likelihood of loss.
6 (Doubtful) - The debt investment has all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the additional factor that the weaknesses are pronounced to the point that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, is deemed uncertain. The possibility of loss on a Doubtful asset is high but, because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may strengthen the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status can be determined.
7 (Loss) - The debt investment is considered almost fully uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as an asset is not warranted. It is generally a credit that is no longer supported by an operating company, a credit where the majority of our assets have been liquidated or sold and a few assets remain to be sold over many months or even years, or a credit where the remaining collections are expected to be minimal.
See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Risk Monitoring” for the classification of our debt investments by risk category.
Investment Committees
OFS Advisor’s Pre-Allocation Investment Committee, Broadly Syndicated Investment Committee, Structured Credit Investment Committee and Middle-Market Investment Committee (collectively, the “Advisor Investment Committees”) are responsible for the overall asset allocation decisions and the evaluation and approval of investments of OFS Advisor’s advisory clients.
The Middle-Market Investment Committee, comprised of Richard Ressler (Chairman), Jeffrey A. Cerny (through March 31, 2025), Kyde Sharp and Bilal Rashid, is responsible for the evaluation and approval of all debt and equity investments made by us, including ultimate asset allocations to us.
The Broadly Syndicated Investment Committee, comprised of Messrs. Ressler (Chairman), Rashid, Cerny (through March 31, 2025), and Kenneth A. Brown, assists with the review and evaluation of potential investments in Broadly Syndicated Loans made by us.
The Structured Credit Investment Committee, comprised of Messrs. Ressler (Chairman), Rashid, Cerny (through March 31, 2025), Brown, and Glen Ostrander, assists with the review and evaluation of potential investments in Structured Finance Security investments made by us.
The Pre-Allocation Investment Committee, comprised of Messrs. Ressler (Chairman), Rashid, Cerny (through March 31, 2025), Ostrander, Tod K. Reichert and Manish Rajguru, is responsible for determining whether a prospective investment is appropriate for allocation to one or more clients managed by registered investment advisor subsidiaries of OFSAM, including OFS Advisor, and the allocation of such investment among groups of advisory clients.
The Broadly Syndicated Investment Committee, Structured Credit Investment Committee and Pre-Allocation Investment Committee are not responsible for the Middle Market Investment Committee’s investment approval of, or ultimate asset allocation decisions related to, our investments.
The process employed by the Advisor Investment Committees is intended to bring the diverse experience and perspectives of the committees’ members to the investment process. The Middle-Market Investment Committee serves to
provide investment consistency and adherence to our core investment philosophy and policies. The Middle-Market Investment Committee also determines appropriate investment sizing and implements ongoing monitoring requirements of our investments.
In certain instances, management may seek the approval of our Board prior to making an investment. In addition to reviewing investments, the meetings of the Middle-Market Investment Committee, Broadly Syndicated Investment Committee and Structured Credit Investment Committee, where applicable, serve as a forum to discuss credit views and outlooks. Potential transactions and deal flows are also reviewed on a regular basis.
On January 28, 2025, Jeffrey A. Cerny notified our Board of his intention to retire. Mr. Cerny’s resignation as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer is effective on March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, Mr. Cerny will no longer be a member of the Middle-Market Investment Committee, Broadly Syndicated Investment Committee, Structure Credit Investment Committee, or Pre-Allocation Investment Committee. For further details, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Recent Developments.”
Investments
We pursue an investment strategy focused primarily on investments in middle-market companies in the United States. We focus on investments in loans, in which OFS Advisor’s investment professionals have expertise, including investments in first lien, unitranche, second lien, and subordinated loans and, to a lesser extent, equity securities and Structured Finance Securities. We seek to create a diverse portfolio by making investments in the securities of middle-market companies that we expect to range generally from $3.0 million to $25.0 million each, although we expect this investment size will vary proportionately with the size of our capital base.
Structure of Investments
We anticipate that our loan portfolio will continue to contain investments of the following types with the following characteristics:
Senior Secured First Lien Loans. First lien senior secured loans comprise, and are expected to continue to comprise, a significant portion of our investment portfolio. We obtain security interests in the assets of these portfolio companies as collateral in support of the repayment of these loans (in certain cases, subject to a payment waterfall). The collateral takes the form of first-priority liens on specified assets of the portfolio company borrower and, typically, first-priority pledges of the ownership interests in the borrower. Our first lien loans may provide for moderate loan amortization in the early years of the loan, with the majority of the amortization deferred until loan maturity.
Senior Secured First Lien Loans are categorized as First Lien Debt in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Senior Secured Unitranche Loans. Unitranche loans are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt into one loan under which the borrower pays a single blended interest rate that is intended to reflect the relative risk of the secured and unsecured components. We typically structure our unitranche loans as senior secured loans. We obtain security interests in the assets of these portfolio companies as collateral in support of the repayment of these loans. This collateral takes the form of first-priority liens on the assets of a portfolio company and, typically, first-priority pledges of the ownership interests in the company. We believe that unitranche lending represents a significant growth opportunity for us, offering the borrower the convenience of dealing with one lender, which may result in a higher blended rate of interest to us than we might realize in a traditional multi-tranche structure. Unitranche loans typically provide for moderate loan amortization in the initial years of the facility, with the majority of the amortization deferred until loan maturity. Unitranche loans generally allow the borrower to make a large lump sum payment of principal at the end of the loan term, and there is a risk of loss if the borrower is unable to pay the lump sum or refinance the amount owed at maturity. In many cases, we will be the sole lender, or we, together with our affiliates, will be the sole lender, of unitranche loans, which can afford us additional influence with a borrower in terms of monitoring and, if necessary, remediation in the event of under performance.
Senior Secured Unitranche Loans are categorized as First Lien Debt in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Senior Secured Second Lien Loans. Second lien senior secured loans obtain security interests in the assets of these portfolio companies as collateral in support of the repayment of such loans. This collateral typically takes the form of second-priority liens on the assets of a portfolio company, and we may enter into an inter-creditor agreement with the holders of the portfolio company’s first lien senior secured debt. These loans typically provide for no contractual loan amortization in the initial years of the facility, with all amortization deferred until loan maturity.
Senior Secured Second Lien Loans are categorized as Second Lien Debt in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Broadly Syndicated Loans. Broadly Syndicated Loans (whose features are similar to those described under “Senior Secured First Lien Loans” and “Senior Secured Second Lien Loans” above), also commonly referred to as leveraged loans, are typically originated and structured by banks on behalf of large corporate borrowers with employee counts, revenues, EBITDA and enterprise values larger than the middle-market characteristics described above (“Broadly Syndicated Loans”). The proceeds of Broadly Syndicated Loans are often used for leveraged buyout transactions, mergers and acquisitions, recapitalizations, refinancings and financing capital expenditures. Broadly Syndicated Loans are typically distributed by the arranging bank to a diverse group of investors primarily consisting of: CLOs; senior secured loan and high yield bond mutual funds; closed-end funds, hedge funds, banks and insurance companies; and finance companies. A borrower must comply with various covenants contained in a loan agreement or note purchase agreement between the borrower and the holders of the Broadly Syndicated Loan (the “Loan Agreement”). In a typical Broadly Syndicated Loan, an administrative agent (the “Agent”) administers the terms of the Loan Agreement. In such cases, the Agent is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions that are parties to the Loan Agreement. We will generally rely upon the Agent or an intermediate participant to receive and forward to us our portion of the principal and interest payments on the Broadly Syndicated Loan. Additionally, we normally will rely on the Agent and the other loan investors to use appropriate credit remedies against the borrower. The Agent is typically responsible for monitoring compliance with covenants contained in the Loan Agreement based upon reports prepared by the borrower. The Agent may monitor the value of the collateral and, if the value of the collateral declines, may accelerate the Broadly Syndicated Loan, may give the borrower an opportunity to provide additional collateral or may seek other protection for the benefit of the participants in the Broadly Syndicated Loan. The Agent and other loan investors may also pursue a “priming transaction”, where the Loan Agreement can be amended to the detriment of other lenders, in order to move collateral, or in order to facilitate capital outflow to other parties/subsidiaries in a capital structure, any of which may result in the loss of all or a significant part of such investment. The Agent is compensated by the borrower for providing these services under a Loan Agreement, and such compensation may include special fees paid upon structuring and funding the Broadly Syndicated Loan and other fees paid on a continuing basis. The Broadly Syndicated Loans in which we invest may include loans that are considered “covenant-lite” loans, because of their lack of a full set of financial maintenance covenants.
Broadly Syndicated Loans are categorized as First Lien Debt or Second Lien Debt in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Subordinated Loans. These investments are typically structured as unsecured, subordinated loans that typically provide for relatively high, fixed interest rates that provide us with significant current interest income. These loans typically will have interest-only payments (often representing a combination of cash pay and PIK interest) in the early years, with amortization of principal deferred to maturity. Subordinated loans generally allow the borrower to make a large lump sum payment of principal at the end of the loan term, and there is a risk of loss if the borrower is unable to pay the lump sum or refinance the amount owed at maturity. Subordinated investments are generally more volatile than secured loans and may involve a greater risk of loss of principal. Subordinated loans often include a PIK feature (meaning a feature allowing for the payment of interest in the form of additional principal amount of the loan instead of in cash), which effectively operates as negative amortization of loan principal, thereby increasing credit risk exposure over the life of the loan.
Subordinated Loans are categorized as Subordinated Debt in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Equity Securities. Equity securities typically consist of either a direct minority equity investment in common or membership/partnership interests or preferred stock of a portfolio company, and are typically not control-oriented investments. Our preferred equity investments typically contain a fixed dividend yield based on the par value of the equity security. Preferred equity dividends may be paid in cash at a stipulated date, usually quarterly (if applicable), and may be participating and/or cumulative. We may structure such equity investments to include provisions protecting our rights as a minority-interest holder, as well as a “put,” or right to sell such securities back to the issuer, upon the occurrence of specified events. In many cases, we may also seek to obtain registration rights in connection with these equity interests, which may include demand and “piggyback” registration rights, which grants us the right to register our equity interest when either the portfolio company or another investor in the portfolio company files a registration statement with the SEC to issue securities. Our equity investments typically are made in connection with debt investments to the same portfolio companies.
Equity Securities are categorized as Preferred Equity, Common Equity or Equity Participation Rights, which are contractual agreements entitling us to certain payments generally attributable to equity ownership and lack features enabling us to direct the operations of the entity (i.e., voting rights), in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Warrants. In some cases, we may receive nominally priced warrants to buy a minority equity interest in the portfolio company in connection with a loan. As a result, as a portfolio company appreciates in value, we may achieve additional investment return from this equity interest. We may structure such warrants to include provisions protecting our rights as a minority-interest holder, as well as a put to sell such securities back to the issuer, upon the occurrence of specified events. In many cases, we may also seek to obtain registration rights in connection with these equity interests, which may include demand and “piggyback” registration rights.
These securities are categorized as Warrants in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Structured Finance Securities. Structured Finance Securities include the mezzanine and subordinated note securities of a CLO, as well as loan accumulation facilities (colloquially referred to as “CLO warehouses”). Subordinated notes (colloquially referred to as “CLO equity securities”) and mezzanine debt (colloquially referred to as “CLO debt securities”), represent beneficial interests in portfolios consisting primarily of below-investment-grade senior secured loans with a large number of distinct underlying U.S. borrowers across various industry sectors. The subordinated note tranches of CLOs are unrated, represent the first loss position in a CLO structure, and are typically leveraged 9 to 13 times which translates to approximately 8% to 11% of a CLO’s capital structure. The high leverage can magnify our gains and losses on such investments. CLO subordinated note securities are entitled to recurring distributions which are generally equal to the residual cash flow of payments received from underlying securities after contractual payments to more senior CLO mezzanine debt holders and fund expenses. Economically, a CLO subordinated note security is equity-like in that it represents the residual interest in the CLO assets that bears the ultimate risk of loss and receives the benefits of success, but lacks features enabling its holders to direct the operations of the entity typically associated with equity instruments. Mezzanine debt represents the tranches immediately senior to the subordinated note, is usually rated BB to B, and represents approximately 4% to 7% of a CLO’s capital structure. Mezzanine debt tranches represent the second loss position, and can effectively become the residual interest if assets are insufficient to retire the mezzanine tranche at par.
CLO warehouses are short-to medium-term finance vehicles intended to aggregate loans for inclusion in a future CLO portfolio. Loan accumulation facilities are typically financed through income notes, representing the first-loss and residual interests in the vehicle, and senior debt. The senior debt of a loan accumulation facility typically leverages the income notes between three and six times prior to a CLO’s pricing and launch. Income notes of loan accumulation facilities have economic risks similar to those applicable to CLO subordinated notes insomuch as they pay returns equal to the income earned on the underlying portfolio less costs and fees incurred on senior financing, manager and other expenses, and bear losses on a first-dollar basis, but lack many of the contractual protections associated with a CLO indenture. Investing in a CLO warehouse does not create an obligation to participate in the CLO contemplated by the warehouse; however, we have often participated in the CLOs resulting from our CLO warehouse investments. Participation in a CLO warehouse investment may afford us the opportunity to enhance our returns through fee sharing agreements with the CLO collateral managers.
Structured Finance Securities are categorized as Subordinated Notes, Mezzanine Debt or a Loan Accumulation Facility in our consolidated schedules of investments included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
General Structuring Considerations. We tailor the terms of each investment to the facts and circumstances of the transaction and the prospective portfolio company, negotiating a structure that protects our rights and manages our risk while creating incentives for the portfolio company to achieve its business plan and improve its operating results. We seek to limit the downside potential of our investments by:
•selecting investments that we believe have a low probability of loss;
•requiring a total return on our investments (including both interest and potential equity appreciation) that we believe will compensate us appropriately for credit risk; and
•negotiating covenants in connection with our investments that afford our portfolio companies as much flexibility in managing their businesses as possible, consistent with the preservation of our capital. Such restrictions may include affirmative and negative covenants, default penalties, lien protection, change of control provisions and board rights, including either observation or rights to a seat on the board of directors under some circumstances.
We expect to hold most of our middle-market debt investments to maturity or repayment, but we may sell some of our investments earlier for various reasons, including, but not limited to, relative value decisions compared to other investment opportunities, liquidity needs and credit risk. In attractive interest rate environments, portfolio companies may also opportunistically refinance our loans prior to maturity.
MANAGEMENT AND OTHER AGREEMENTS
Investment Advisory Agreement
OFS Advisor is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act and is a wholly owned subsidiary of OFSAM. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with and subject to the overall supervision of our Board and in accordance with the 1940 Act, OFS Advisor provides investment advisory services to us. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, OFS Advisor:
•determines the composition of our portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to our portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes;
•assists us in determining what securities we purchase, retain or sell;
•identifies, evaluates and negotiates the structure of the investments we make (including performing due diligence on our prospective portfolio companies); and
•executes, closes, services and monitors the investments we make.
Management and Incentive Fee
OFS Advisor receives a fee from us consisting of two components-a base management fee and an incentive fee. The base management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1.75% based on the average value of our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity), adjusted for stock issuances and stock purchases, at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. The base management fee is payable quarterly in arrears. Base management fees for any partial quarter are prorated based on the number of days in the quarter.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, OFS Advisor agreed to reduce its base management fee attributable to all of the OFSCC-FS Assets to 0.25% per quarter (1.00% annualized) of the average value of the OFSCC-FS Assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. OFS Advisor’s base management fee reduction is renewable on an annual basis and OFS Advisor is not entitled to recoup the amount of the base management fee reduced with respect to the OFSCC-FS Assets. OFS Advisor most recently renewed the agreement to reduce its base management fee for the 2025 calendar year on January 8, 2025. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, this resulted in a reduction to our base management fee of $1.1 million, $1.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
The incentive fee has two parts. The first part of the incentive fee (the “Income Incentive Fee”) is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter. “Pre-incentive fee net investment income” means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees such as commitment, origination and sourcing, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that we receive from portfolio companies but excluding fees for providing managerial assistance) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, any expenses payable under the Administration Agreement and any interest expense and dividends paid on any outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Pre-incentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest or dividend feature (such as OID, debt instruments with PIK interest, equity investments with accruing or PIK dividend, and zero coupon securities), accrued income that we have not yet received in cash.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized gains, realized losses, unrealized capital appreciation or unrealized capital depreciation. Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that we may pay an incentive fee in a quarter where we incur a loss. For example, if we receive pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the hurdle rate (as defined below) for a quarter, we will pay the applicable incentive fee even if we have incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized capital losses or unrealized investment depreciation.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of our net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness and before taking into account any incentive fees payable during the period) at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, is compared to a fixed “hurdle rate” of 2.0% per quarter (8.0% annualized). If market interest rates rise, we may be able to invest our funds in debt instruments that provide for a higher return, which would increase our pre-incentive fee net investment income and make it easier for OFS Advisor to surpass the fixed hurdle rate and receive an incentive fee based on such net investment income. There is no accumulation of amounts on the hurdle rate from quarter to quarter and, accordingly, there is no clawback of amounts previously paid if subsequent quarters are below the quarterly hurdle rate, and there is no delay of payment if prior quarters are below the quarterly hurdle rate. Pre-incentive fee net investment income fees are prorated for any partial quarter based on the number of days in such quarter.
We pay OFS Advisor an incentive fee with respect to our pre-incentive fee net investment income in each calendar quarter as follows:
•no incentive fee in any calendar quarter in which the pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the hurdle rate;
•100% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.5% in any calendar quarter. We refer to this portion of our pre-incentive fee net investment income (which exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.5%) as the “catch-up” provision. The catch-up is meant to provide OFS Advisor with 20.0% of the pre-incentive fee net investment income as if a hurdle rate did not apply if this pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter; and
•20.0% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter.
The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the income-related portion of the incentive fee:
Quarterly Incentive Fee Based on Net Investment Income
The second part of the incentive fee (the “Capital Gains Fee”) is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement, as of the termination date) and is calculated at the end of each applicable year by subtracting (a) the sum of our cumulative aggregate realized capital losses and our aggregate unrealized capital depreciation from (b) our cumulative aggregate realized capital gains. If such amount is positive at the end of such year, then the Capital Gains Fee for such year is equal to 20.0% of such amount, less the aggregate amount of Capital Gains Fees paid in all prior years. If such amount is negative, then there is no Capital Gains Fee for such year. The Company accrues the Capital Gains Fee if, on a cumulative basis, the sum of net realized capital gains and (losses) plus net unrealized appreciation and (depreciation) is positive.
The cumulative aggregate realized capital gains are calculated as the sum of the differences, if positive, between (a) the net sales price of each investment in our portfolio when sold and (b) the accreted or amortized cost basis of such investment.
The cumulative aggregate realized capital losses are calculated as the sum of the amounts by which (a) the net sales price of each investment in our portfolio when sold is less than (b) the accreted or amortized cost basis of such investment.
The aggregate unrealized capital depreciation is calculated as the sum of the differences, if negative, between (a) the valuation of each investment in our portfolio as of the applicable Capital Gains Fee calculation date and (b) the accreted or amortized cost basis of such investments. Unrealized capital appreciation is accrued, but not paid until said appreciation is realized. We accrue the Capital Gains Fee if, on a cumulative basis, the sum of the net realized capital gains (and losses) plus net unrealized appreciation (and depreciation) is positive. OFS Advisor has excluded from the Capital Gains Fee calculation the realized gain with respect to the step acquisitions resulting from the SBIC Acquisition. The Capital Gains Fee for any partial year is prorated based on the number of days in such year.
Expenses recognized under the Investment Advisory Agreement with OFS Advisor for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, are presented below (dollar amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Base management fees $ 5,993 $ 7,218 $ 7,979
Incentive fees:
Income Incentive Fee 4,178 5,040 2,276
Capital Gains Fee(1)
- - (1,916)
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2022, we reversed the previously accrued $1.9 million Capital Gains Fee due to a reduction in net unrealized appreciation on the investment portfolio.
Examples of Incentive Fee Calculation
Example 1-Income Related Portion of Incentive Fee:
Assumptions
•Hurdle rate(1) = 2.0%
•Base management fee(2) = 0.44%
•Other estimated expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.20%
(1) Represents a quarter of the 8.0% annualized hurdle rate.
(2) Represents a quarter of the 1.75% annualized base management fee, which became effective October 31, 2013.
(3) Excludes offering costs associated with the issuance of equity securities.
Alternative 1
Additional Assumptions
•Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 1.25%
•Pre-incentive fee net investment income (investment income - (base management fee + other expenses)) = 0.61%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the hurdle rate, therefore there is no incentive fee.
Alternative 2
Additional Assumptions
•Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 2.80%
•Pre-incentive fee net investment income (investment income - (base management fee + other expenses)) = 2.16%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds hurdle rate, therefore there is an incentive fee.
Incentive Fee = 100% × “Catch-Up” + the greater of 0% AND (20% × (pre-incentive fee net investment income - 2.5%))
= (100% ×(2.16% - 2.0%)) + 0%
= 100% × 0.16%
= 0.16%
Alternative 3
Additional Assumptions
•Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 3.50%
•Pre-incentive fee net investment income (investment income - (base management fee + other expenses)) = 2.86%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds hurdle rate, therefore there is an incentive fee.
Incentive Fee = 100% × “Catch-Up” + the greater of 0% AND (20% × (pre-incentive fee net investment income - 2.5%))
= (100% × (2.5% - 2.0%)) + (20% × (2.86% - 2.5%))
= 0.5% + (20% × 0.36%)
= 0.5% + 0.07%
= 0.57%
Example 2-Capital Gains Portion of Incentive Fee:
Alternative 1
Assumptions
•Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (“Investment A”), and $30 million investment made in Company B (“Investment B”)
•Year 2: Investment A is sold for $50 million and fair market value (“FMV”) of Investment B determined to be $32 million
•Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million
•Year 4: Investment B sold for $31 million
The capital gains portion of the incentive fee, if any, would be:
•Year 1: None (no sales transactions)
•Year 2: $6 million (20% multiplied by $30 million realized capital gains on sale of Investment A)
•Year 3: None; $5 million (20% multiplied by $30 million cumulative realized capital gains less $5 million cumulative unrealized capital depreciation) less $6 million (Capital Gains Fee paid in Year 2)
•Year 4: $200,000; $6.2 million (20% multiplied by $31 million cumulative realized capital gains) less $6 million (Capital Gains Fee paid in Year 2)
Alternative 2
Assumptions
•Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (“Investment A”), $30 million investment made in Company B (“Investment B”) and $25 million investment made in Company C (“Investment C”)
•Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million, FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million and FMV of Investment C determined to be $25 million
•Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $27 million and Investment C sold for $30 million
•Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $35 million
•Year 5: Investment B sold for $20 million
The capital gains portion of the incentive fee, if any, would be:
•Year 1: None (no sales transactions)
•Year 2: $5 million (20% multiplied by $30 million realized capital gains on Investment A less $5 million unrealized capital depreciation on Investment B)
•Year 3: $1.4 million; $6.4 million (20% multiplied by $32 million ($35 million cumulative realized capital gains on Investment A and Investment C less $3 million cumulative unrealized capital depreciation on Investment B)) less $5 million (Capital Gains Fee paid in Year 2)
•Year 4: $0.6 million; $7 million (20% multiplied by $35 million (cumulative realized capital gains on Investment A and Investment C)) less $6.4 million (cumulative Capital Gains Fee paid in all prior years)
•Year 5: None; $5 million (20% multiplied by $25 million ($35 million cumulative realized capital gains on Investments A and C less $10 million realized capital losses on Investment B)) less $7 million (cumulative Capital Gains Fee paid in all prior years))
Payment of Our Expenses
All investment professionals of OFS Advisor and/or its affiliates, when and to the extent engaged in providing us with investment advisory and management services, and the compensation and routine overhead expenses of such personnel allocable to these services, are provided and paid for by OFS Advisor and not by us. We bear all other out-of-pocket costs and expenses of our operations and transactions including the allocable portion of compensation and overhead of personnel of OFS Services. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations.”
Duration and Termination
Unless terminated earlier as described below, the Investment Advisory Agreement will remain in effect from year to year if approved annually by our Board or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, and, in either case, if also approved by a majority of our directors who are not “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act. The Investment Advisory Agreement automatically terminates in the event of its assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act, by OFS Advisor and may be terminated by either party without penalty upon not less than 60 days’ written notice to the other. The holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities may also terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement without penalty upon not less than 60 days’ written notice. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-We are dependent upon the OFSC senior professionals for our future success and upon their access to the investment professionals and partners of OFSAM and its affiliates.”
Administration Agreement
Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, OFS Services, an affiliate of OFS Advisor, provides the administrative services necessary for us to operate. OFS Services furnishes us with office facilities and equipment, necessary software licenses and subscriptions and clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services at such facilities. Under the Administration Agreement, OFS Services performs, or oversees the performance of, our required administrative services, which includes maintenance of financial records necessary for the production of reports to our stockholders and all other reports and materials required to be filed with the SEC or any other regulatory authority. In addition, OFS Services assists us in determining and publishing our NAV, oversees the preparation and filing of our tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports to our stockholders, general supervision of the payment of our expenses, and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others. Under the Administration Agreement, OFS Services provides managerial assistance on our behalf to certain portfolio companies that accept our offer to provide such assistance. Payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion (subject to the review and approval of our Board) of OFS
Services’ overhead in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, necessary software licenses and subscriptions, and our allocable portion of the cost of our officers, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief compliance officer, chief accounting officer and their respective staffs. The Administration Agreement may be renewed annually with the approval of our Board, including a majority of our directors who are not “interested persons.” The Administration Agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party. To the extent that OFS Services outsources any of its functions, we pay the fees associated with such functions at cost without incremental profit to OFS Services.
Expenses recognized under the Administration Agreement with OFS Services for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, are presented below (dollar amounts in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Administration fees $1,521 $1,680 $1,742
Indemnification
The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement both provide that OFS Advisor, OFS Services and their affiliates’ respective directors, officers, employees, members, managers, partners and stockholders are entitled to indemnification from us from and against any claims or liabilities, including reasonable legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred, arising out of or in connection with our business and operations or any action taken or omitted on our behalf pursuant to authority granted by the Investment Advisory Agreement or the Administration Agreement, except where attributable to willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of such person’s duties or reckless disregard of such person’s obligations and duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement or the Administration Agreement.
Board Approval of the Investment Advisory and Administrative Agreements
Our Board, including our independent directors, approved the continuation of the Investment Advisory Agreement at a meeting held on April 3, 2024. In reaching a decision to approve the continuation of the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Board reviewed a significant amount of information and considered, among other things:
•the nature, quality and extent of the advisory and other services to be provided to us by OFS Advisor;
•the fee structures of comparable externally managed BDCs that engage in similar investing activities;
•our projected operating expenses and expense ratio compared to BDCs with similar investment objectives;
•any existing and potential sources of indirect income to OFS Advisor from its relationship with us and the profitability of that relationship, including through the Investment Advisory Agreement;
•information about the services to be performed and the personnel performing such services under the Investment Advisory Agreement; and
•the organizational capability and financial condition of OFS Advisor and its affiliates.
Based on the information reviewed and the discussion thereof, the Board, including a majority of the non-interested directors, concluded that the investment advisory fee rates were reasonable in relation to the services to be provided and approved the Investment Advisory Agreement as being in the best interests of our stockholders.
Our Board also reviewed services provided under the Administrative Agreement, and approved its continuation at the April 3, 2024 meeting.
License Agreement
We have entered into a license agreement with OFSAM under which OFSAM has agreed to grant us a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “OFS”. Under this agreement, we have a right to use the “OFS” name for so long as OFS Advisor or one of its affiliates remains our investment adviser. Other than with respect to this limited license, we have no legal right to the “OFS” name. This license agreement will remain in effect for so long as the Investment Advisory Agreement with OFS Advisor is in effect.
REGULATION
General
We have elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to transactions between BDCs and their affiliates (including any investment advisers or sub-advisers), principal
underwriters and affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters and requires that a majority of the directors be persons other than “interested persons,” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.
In addition, the 1940 Act provides that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by “a majority of our outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act. A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of such company’s voting securities present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company. We do not anticipate any substantial change in the nature of our business.
We generally cannot issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, issue and sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the then-current NAV of our common stock if: (1) our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders; and (2) our stockholders have approved our policy and practice of making such sales within the preceding 12 months. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price which, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities. On June 26, 2024, our stockholders approved a proposal to authorize us, with approval of our Board, to sell or otherwise issue shares of our common stock (during a twelve-month period) at a price below our then-current NAV per share in one or more offerings, subject to certain limitations (including that the cumulative number of shares sold pursuant to such authority does not exceed 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale).
The 1940 Act generally prohibits BDCs from making certain negotiated co-investments with certain affiliates absent an order from the SEC permitting the BDC to do so. On August 4, 2020, we received our existing Order, which superseded a previous order that we received on October 12, 2016, and provides us with greater flexibility to enter into co-investment transactions with certain Affiliated Funds in a manner consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We are generally permitted to co-invest with Affiliated Funds if, under the terms of the Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors make certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that: (1) the terms of the transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching by us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned; (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our investment objective and strategies; (3) the investment by our affiliates would not disadvantage us, and our participation would not be on a basis different from or less advantageous than that on which our affiliates are investing; and (4) the proposed investment by us would not benefit OFS Advisor, the other Affiliated Funds that are participating in the investment, or any affiliated person of any of them (other than parties to the transaction), except to the extent permitted by the exemptive relief and applicable law, including the limitations set forth in Section 57(k) of the 1940 Act.
In addition, we may file an application for an amendment to our existing Order to permit us to co-invest in our existing portfolio companies with certain affiliates that are private funds even if such other funds had not previously invested in such existing portfolio companies, subject to certain conditions. However, if filed, there is no guarantee that such application will be granted.
We may invest up to 100% of our assets in securities acquired directly from issuers in privately negotiated transactions. With respect to such securities, we may, for the purpose of public resale, be deemed an “underwriter” as that term is defined in the Securities Act. Our intention is to not write (sell) or buy, put or call, options to manage risks associated with the publicly traded securities of our portfolio companies, except that we may enter into hedging transactions to manage the risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. However, we may purchase or otherwise receive warrants to purchase the common stock of our portfolio companies in connection with acquisition financing or other investments. Similarly, in connection with an acquisition, we may acquire rights to require the issuers of acquired securities or their affiliates to repurchase them under certain circumstances. We also do not intend to acquire securities issued by any investment company that exceed the limits imposed by the 1940 Act. Prior to January 19, 2021, except for registered money market funds, we generally were prohibited from acquiring more than 3% of the voting stock of any registered investment company, investing more than 5% of the value of our total assets in the securities of one investment company, or investing more than 10% of the value of our total assets in the securities of more than one investment company without obtaining exemptive relief from the SEC. However, the SEC adopted new rules, which became effective on January 19, 2021, that allow us to acquire the securities of other investment companies in excess of the 3%, 5%, and 10% limitations without obtaining exemptive relief if we comply with certain conditions. With regard to that portion of our portfolio invested in securities issued by investment companies, it should be noted that such investments might subject our stockholders to additional expenses as they will be indirectly responsible for the costs and expenses of such companies. None of our investment policies are fundamental and may be changed without stockholder approval.
Qualifying Assets
Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than those listed in section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as “qualifying assets,” unless, at the time of acquisition, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the company’s total assets, as defined by the 1940 Act. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to our business include:
(a)Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio company, or from any person who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible portfolio company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC. An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer that:
•is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States;
•is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly-owned by the BDC) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and
•satisfies any of the following:
◦does not have any class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or has any class of securities listed on a national securities exchange subject to a $250 million market capitalization maximum; or
◦is controlled by a BDC or a group of companies including a BDC, the BDC actually exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of the eligible portfolio company, and, as a result, the BDC has an affiliated person who is a director of the eligible portfolio company; or
◦is a small and solvent company having total assets of not more than $4 million and capital and surplus of not less than $2 million.
(b)Securities of any eligible portfolio company which we control;
(c)Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident to such a private transaction, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities, was unable to meet its obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements;
(d)Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and we already own 60% of the outstanding equity of the eligible portfolio company;
(e)Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities; and
(f)Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities that mature in one year or less from the date of investment.
Control, as defined by the 1940 Act, is presumed to exist where a BDC beneficially owns more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of the portfolio company.
The regulations defining qualifying assets may change over time. We may adjust our investment focus as needed to comply with and/or take advantage of any regulatory, legislative, administrative or judicial actions in this area.
Managerial Assistance to Portfolio Companies
A BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in (a), (b) or (c) above. However, in order to count portfolio securities as qualifying assets for the purpose of the 70% test, the BDC must either control the issuer of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities (other than small and solvent companies described above) significant managerial assistance. Where the BDC purchases such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, the BDC will satisfy this test if one of the other persons in the group makes available such managerial assistance, although this may not be the sole method by which the BDC satisfies the requirement to make available managerial assistance. Making available managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the BDC, through its directors, officers or employees, offers to provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company.
Temporary Investments
In addition to investing in other types of qualifying assets, as described above, our investments may include cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, repurchase agreements and high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less from the date of investment, which we refer to, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets, as defined by the 1940 Act, are qualifying assets or temporary investments. We may invest in highly rated commercial paper, U.S. Government agency notes, and U.S. Treasury bills or repurchase agreements relating to such securities that are fully collateralized by cash or securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies. A repurchase agreement involves the purchase by an investor, such as us, of a specified security and the simultaneous agreement by the seller to repurchase it at an agreed-upon future date and at a price that is greater than the purchase price by an amount that reflects an agreed-upon interest rate. Consequently, repurchase agreements are functionally similar to loans. There is no percentage restriction on the proportion of our assets that may be invested in such repurchase agreements. However, the 1940 Act and certain diversification tests in order to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes typically require us to limit the amount we invest with any one counterparty. Accordingly, we do not intend to enter into repurchase agreements with a single counterparty in excess of this limit. OFS Advisor monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties with which we enter into repurchase agreement transactions.
Warrants and Options
Under the 1940 Act, a BDC is subject to restrictions on the amount of warrants, options, restricted stock or rights to purchase shares of capital stock that it may have outstanding at any time. Under the 1940 Act, we may generally only offer warrants provided that: (i) the warrants expire by their terms within ten years; (ii) the exercise or conversion price is not less than the current market value at the date of issuance; (iii) our stockholders authorize the proposal to issue such warrants, and our Board approves such issuance on the basis that the issuance is in the best interests of OFS Capital and its stockholders; and (iv) if the warrants are accompanied by other securities, the warrants are not separately transferable unless no class of such warrants and the securities accompanying them has been publicly distributed. The 1940 Act also provides that the amount of our voting securities that would result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants, as well as options and rights, at the time of issuance may not exceed 25% of our outstanding voting securities. In particular, the amount of capital stock that would result from the conversion or exercise of all outstanding warrants, options or rights to purchase capital stock cannot exceed 25% of the BDC’s total outstanding shares of capital stock.
Senior Securities
A BDC generally is not permitted to incur indebtedness unless, immediately after such borrowing, it has an asset coverage ratio for total borrowings of at least 200% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 50% of the value of our assets). However, Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act provides that a BDC may reduce its asset coverage ratio, provided that certain conditions are met. Specifically, Section 61(a)(2) provides that in order for a BDC whose common stock is traded on a national securities exchange to be subject to 150% asset coverage, the BDC must either obtain: (i) approval of the required majority of its non-interested directors who have no financial interest in the proposal, which would become effective one year after the date of such approval; or (ii) obtain stockholder approval (of more than 50% of the votes cast for the proposal at a meeting in which quorum is present), which would become effective on the first day after the date of such stockholder approval.
On May 3, 2018, our Board, including a “required majority” (as such term is defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) thereof, approved the application of the modified asset coverage requirements set forth in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act. As a result, effective May 3, 2019, our minimum required asset coverage ratio decreased from 200% to 150%. See “Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019.”
We may borrow money when the terms and conditions available are favorable to do so and are aligned with our investment strategy and portfolio composition. The use of borrowed funds or the proceeds of preferred stock to make investments would have its own specific benefits and risks, and all of the costs of borrowing funds or issuing preferred stock would be borne by holders of our common stock.
For a discussion of the risks associated with leverage, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to BDCs-Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to and the way in which we raise additional capital. As a BDC, we will need to raise additional capital, which will expose us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage.”
Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Nasdaq Global Select Market Corporate Governance Regulations
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposes a wide variety of regulatory requirements on publicly held companies and their insiders, many of which affect us. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has required us to review our policies and procedures to determine
whether we comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. We will continue to monitor, and take actions necessary to ensure, our compliance with all future regulations that are adopted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
In addition, The Nasdaq Global Select Market has adopted various corporate governance requirements as part of its listing standards. We believe we are in compliance with such corporate governance listing standards. We will continue to monitor, and take actions necessary to ensure, our compliance with all future listing standards.
Exemptive Relief
We are generally prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our Board who are not interested persons and, in some cases, prior approval by the SEC. The SEC has interpreted the BDC prohibition on transactions with affiliates to prohibit all “joint transactions” between entities that share a common investment adviser. Further, the 1940 Act generally prohibits BDCs from making certain negotiated co-investments with certain affiliates absent an order from the SEC permitting the BDC to do so.
On August 4, 2020, we received our existing Order, which superseded a previous order that we received on October 12, 2016, and provides us with greater flexibility to enter into co-investment transactions with certain Affiliated Funds in a manner consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We are generally permitted to co-invest with Affiliated Funds if under the terms of the Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors make certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that: (1) the terms of the transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned; (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our investment objective and strategies; (3) the investment by our affiliates would not disadvantage us, and our participation would not be on a basis different from or less advantageous than that on which our affiliates are investing; and (4) the proposed investment by us would not benefit OFS Advisor, the other Affiliated Funds that are participating in the investment, or any affiliated person of any of them (other than parties to the transaction), except to the extent permitted by the exemptive relief and applicable law, including the limitations set forth in Section 57(k) of the 1940 Act.
In addition, we may file an application for an amendment to our existing Order to co-invest in our existing portfolio companies with certain affiliates that are private funds even if such other funds had not previously invested in such existing portfolio companies, subject to certain conditions. However, if filed, there is no guarantee that such application will be granted. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted, which may limit the scope of investments available to us.”
The staff of the SEC has granted no-action relief permitting purchases of a single class of privately placed securities provided that the adviser negotiates no term other than price and certain other conditions are met. As a result, unless under the Order, we only expect to co-invest on a concurrent basis with certain funds advised by OFS Advisor when each of us will own the same securities of the issuer and when no term is negotiated other than price. Any such investment would be made, subject to compliance with existing regulatory guidance, applicable regulations and OFS Advisor’s allocation policy. If opportunities arise that would otherwise be appropriate for us and for another fund advised by OFS Advisor to invest in different securities of the same issuer, OFS Advisor will need to decide which fund will proceed with the investment. The decision by OFS Advisor to allocate an opportunity to another entity could cause us to forego an investment opportunity that we otherwise would have made. Moreover, except in certain circumstances, we will be unable to invest in any issuer in which another fund advised by OFS Advisor has previously invested.
Small Business Investment Company Regulations
On March 1, 2024, SBIC I LP fully repaid its outstanding SBA debentures totaling $31.9 million, and, on April 17, 2024, surrendered its license to operate as a SBIC.
Prior to surrendering our SBIC license on April 17, 2024, our use of cash held by SBIC I LP was restricted by SBA regulations, including limitations on the amount of cash SBIC I LP could distribute to us.
Other
We are subject to periodic examination by the SEC for compliance with the Exchange Act and the 1940 Act.
We are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect us against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to OFS Capital or our stockholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
We and OFS Advisor each have adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of relevant federal securities laws, will review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation, and have designated a chief compliance officer to be responsible for administering the policies and procedures.
Our internet address is www.ofscapital.com. We make available free of charge on our website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We make our website content available for informational purposes only. It should not be relied upon for investment purposes, nor is it incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Code of Ethics
We and OFS Advisor have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to either code may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. Our code of ethics is available, free of charge, on our website at www.ofscapital.com. The code of ethics is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain copies of the code of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
We have delegated our proxy voting responsibility to OFS Advisor. The proxy voting policies and procedures of OFS Advisor are set out below. The guidelines are reviewed periodically by OFS Advisor and our directors who are not “interested persons,” and, accordingly, are subject to change. For purposes of these proxy voting policies and procedures described below, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to OFS Advisor.
Introduction. As an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act, we have a fiduciary duty to act solely in the best interests of our clients. As part of this duty, we recognize that we must vote client securities in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest and in the best interests of our clients.
These policies and procedures for voting proxies for our investment advisory clients are intended to comply with Section 206 of, and Rule 206(4)-6 under, the Advisers Act.
Proxy Policies. We vote proxies relating to our portfolio securities in what we perceive to be the best interest of our clients. We review on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted to a stockholder vote to determine its effect on the portfolio securities held by our clients. In most cases we will vote in favor of proposals that we believe are likely to increase the economic value of the underlying portfolio securities held by our clients. Although we will generally vote against proposals that may have a negative effect on our clients’ portfolio securities, we may vote for such a proposal if there exist compelling long-term reasons to do so.
Our proxy voting decisions are made by those senior officers who are responsible for monitoring each of our clients’ investments. To ensure that our vote is not the product of a conflict of interest, we require that: (1) anyone involved in the decision-making process disclose to our chief compliance officer any potential conflict that he or she is aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote; and (2) employees involved in the decision-making process or vote administration are prohibited from revealing how we intend to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties. Where conflicts of interest may be present, we will disclose such conflicts to our client, including with respect to OFS Capital, those directors who are not interested persons, and we may request guidance from such persons on how to vote such proxies for their account.
Proxy Voting Records. You may obtain information about how we voted proxies for the Company free of charge, by making a written request for proxy voting information to: OFS Capital Corporation, 10 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 2500, Chicago, Illinois 60606, Attention: Investor Relations, or by calling OFS Capital Corporation at (847) 734-2084. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains such information.
Privacy Principles
We are committed to maintaining the privacy of our stockholders and to safeguarding their nonpublic personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information we collect, how we protect that information and why, in certain cases, we may share information with select other parties.
Generally, we do not receive any nonpublic personal information relating to our stockholders, although certain nonpublic personal information of our stockholders may become available to us. We do not disclose any nonpublic personal
information about our stockholders or former stockholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary in order to service stockholder accounts (for example, to a transfer agent or third-party administrator).
We restrict access to nonpublic personal information about our stockholders to employees of OFS Advisor and its affiliates with a legitimate business need for the information. We maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the nonpublic personal information of our stockholders.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
Election to be Taxed as a RIC. We have elected to be taxed as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, we are not required to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any income that we distribute to our stockholders from our otherwise taxable earnings and profits. To maintain our qualification as a RIC, we must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements, as described below. In addition, to receive RIC tax treatment, we must meet the Annual Distribution Requirement. The excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, if any (“Net Capital Gains”), are not a component of the Annual Distribution Requirement, but impacts taxable income if not distributed as discussed below.
Taxation as a RIC. If we:
•maintain our qualification as a RIC; and
•satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement;
then we will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of our ICTI or Net Capital Gains we distribute to stockholders. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any ICTI or Net Capital Gain not distributed to our stockholders. We may also retain Net Capital Gains for investment through a deemed distribution. If we make a deemed distribution, stockholders will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if they had received an actual distribution of Net Capital Gains, net of taxes.
We are also subject to a 4% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of: (1) 98% of our net ordinary income for each calendar year; (2) 98.2% of our capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending October 31 in that calendar year (or, if we so elect, for that calendar year); and (3) any income and gains recognized, but not distributed, in preceding years and on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax (the “Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement”). We may choose to retain a portion of our ordinary income and/or capital gain net income in any year and pay the 4% U.S. federal excise tax on the retained amounts. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recognized U.S. federal excise tax expense of $(0.1) million, $0.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
In order to maintain our qualification as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must, among other things:
•continue to qualify as a BDC under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year;
•derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to loans of stock and securities, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies and other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to our business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships,” as such term is defined in the Code (the “90% Income Test”); and
•diversify our holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year:
◦at least 50% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of our assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and
◦no more than 25% of the value of our assets is invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that we control (as determined under applicable tax rules) and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Diversification Tests”).
We may invest in partnerships, including qualified publicly traded partnerships, which may result in our being subject to state, local or foreign income taxes, franchise taxes, or withholding liabilities.
We are required to recognize ICTI in circumstances in which we have not received a corresponding payment in cash. For example, we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as issued with OID and debt instruments with PIK interest, and we must include in ICTI each year the portion of the OID and PIK interest that accrues for that year (as it
accrues over the life of the obligation), irrespective of whether the cash representing such income is received by us in that taxable year. The continued recognition of non-cash ICTI may cause difficulty in meeting the Annual Distribution Requirement. We may be required to sell investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital, or forgo new investment opportunities to meet this requirement. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax.
We are authorized to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy distribution requirements. However, under the 1940 Act, we are not permitted to make distributions to our stockholders while our debt obligations and other senior securities are outstanding unless certain “asset coverage” tests are met. Moreover, our ability to dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements may be limited by: (1) the illiquid nature of our portfolio; and/or (2) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC, including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or the Excise Tax Avoidance Requirement, we may make such dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are not advantageous. See “Regulation-Senior Securities.”
Certain of our investment practices may be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things: (1) treat dividends that would otherwise qualify for the dividends received deduction or constitute qualified dividend income as ineligible for such treatment; (2) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions; (3) convert lower-taxed long-term capital gain into higher-taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income; (4) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited); (5) cause us to recognize income or gain without receipt of a corresponding distribution of cash; (6) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur; (7) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions; and (8) produce income that will not be considered “qualifying income” for purposes of the 90% Income Test. We will monitor our transactions and may make certain tax elections to mitigate the potential adverse effect of these provisions, but there can be no assurance that any adverse effects of these provisions will be mitigated.
Our investments in Structured Finance Securities are generally “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) investments, which can subject us to U.S. federal income tax on our allocable share of a portion of any “excess distribution” received on, or any gain from the disposition of, such shares even if our allocable share of such income is distributed as a taxable dividend to our stockholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest generally would also be imposed on us for the deemed delay in our reporting of such excess distribution and the earning of such income by the underlying PFIC. However, we have elected, and expect to continue to elect, to treat our investments in PFICs as “qualified electing funds” under the Code (a “QEF”), and in lieu of the foregoing requirements, we will be required to include in income each year our proportionate share of the ordinary earnings and net capital gain of the QEF, even if such income is not distributed by the QEF. In lieu of a QEF election, we may in the future elect to mark-to-market at the end of each taxable year our shares in a PFIC; in this case, we will recognize as ordinary income our allocable share of any increase in the value of such shares, and as ordinary loss our allocable share of any decrease in such value to the extent that any such decrease does not exceed prior increases included in its income. Under either election, we may be required to recognize in a year income in excess of distributions from PFICs and proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock during that year, and such income will nevertheless be subject to the Annual Distribution Requirement and will be taken into account for purposes of the 4% U.S. federal excise tax.
Some of the income and fees that we recognize may result in income that will not be considered “qualifying income” for the 90% Income Test. In order to ensure that such income and fees do not disqualify us as a RIC for a failure to satisfy the 90% Income Test, we may recognize such income and fees directly or indirectly through one or more entities taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such corporations are required to pay U.S. corporate income tax on their earnings, which ultimately reduces our return on such income and fees. OFSCC-MB, our taxable C-corporation subsidiary, held equity investments with an aggregate fair value of $4.6 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to prevent such non-qualifying income from adversely affecting our RIC status. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, OFSCC-MB incurred $0, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of federal and state income taxes on its earnings and profits.
Failure to Qualify as a RIC. If we are unable to maintain our qualification as a RIC, we will be subject to tax on all of our ICTI and Net Capital Gains at regular corporate rates; we will not receive a dividend deduction for any distributions to our stockholders. Distributions would not be required, and any distributions would be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary dividend income that would, for qualifying non-corporate U.S. stockholders, be eligible for the current 20% maximum rate to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (subject to limitations under the Code). Subject to certain limitations under the Code, corporate distributions would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of the stockholder’s tax basis (reducing that basis accordingly), and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. To qualify again to be taxed as a RIC in a subsequent year, we would be required to distribute to our stockholders our earnings and profits attributable to non-RIC years. In addition, if we failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years,
then we would be required to elect to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if we had been liquidated) or, alternatively, be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years, in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Conflicts of Interests
BDCs are generally prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with their affiliates without the prior approval of their independent directors and, in some cases, of the SEC. Those transactions include purchases and sales, and so-called “joint” transactions, in which a BDC and one or more of its affiliates engage in certain types of profit-making activities. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, five percent or more of a BDC’s outstanding voting securities will be considered an affiliate of the BDC for purposes of the 1940 Act, and a BDC generally is prohibited from engaging in purchases from, sales of assets to, or joint transactions with, such affiliates, absent the prior approval of the BDC’s independent directors. Additionally, without the approval of the SEC, a BDC is prohibited from engaging in purchases from, sales of assets to, or joint transactions with, the BDC’s officers, directors, and employees, and advisor (and its control affiliates).
BDCs may, however, invest alongside certain related parties or their respective other clients in certain circumstances where doing so is consistent with current law and SEC staff interpretations. For example, a BDC may invest alongside such accounts consistent with guidance promulgated by the SEC staff permitting the BDC and such other accounts to purchase interests in a single class of privately placed securities so long as certain conditions are met, including that the BDC’s advisor, acting on the BDC’s behalf and on behalf of other clients, negotiates no term other than price. Co-investment with such other accounts is not permitted or appropriate under this guidance when there is an opportunity to invest in different securities of the same issuer or where the different investments could be expected to result in a conflict between the BDC’s interests and those of other accounts.
Conflicts Related to Portfolio Investments. Conflicts may arise when we make an investment in conjunction with an investment being made by an Affiliated Account, or in a transaction where an Affiliated Account has already made an investment. Investment opportunities are, from time to time, appropriate for more than one account in the same, different or overlapping securities of a portfolio company’s capital structure. Conflicts arise in determining the terms of investments, particularly where these accounts may invest in different types of securities in a single portfolio company. Questions arise as to whether payment obligations and covenants should be enforced, modified or waived, or whether debt should be restructured, modified or refinanced.
We may invest in debt and other securities of companies in which Affiliated Accounts hold those same securities or different securities, including equity securities. In the event that such investments are made by us, our interests will at times conflict with the interests of such Affiliated Accounts, particularly in circumstances where the underlying company is facing financial distress. Decisions about what action should be taken, particularly in troubled situations, raise conflicts of interest, including, among other things, whether or not to enforce claims, whether or not to advocate or initiate a restructuring or liquidation inside or outside of bankruptcy, and the terms of any work-out or restructuring. The involvement of Affiliated Accounts at both the equity and debt levels could inhibit strategic information exchanges among fellow creditors, including among us or Affiliated Accounts. In certain circumstances, we or an Affiliated Account may be prohibited from exercising voting or other rights and may be subject to claims by other creditors with respect to the subordination of their interest.
In the event that we or an Affiliated Account has a controlling or significantly influential position in a portfolio company, that account may have the ability to elect some or all of the board of directors of such a portfolio company, thereby controlling the policies and operations of such portfolio company, including the appointment of management, future issuances of securities, payment of dividends, incurrence of debt and entering into extraordinary transactions. In addition, a controlling account is likely to have the ability to determine, or influence, the outcome of operational matters and to cause, or prevent, a change in control of such a company. Such management and operational decisions may, at times, be in direct conflict with other accounts that have invested in the same portfolio company that do not have the same level of control or influence over the portfolio company.
If additional capital is necessary as a result of financial or other difficulties, or to finance growth or other opportunities, the accounts may or may not provide such additional capital, and if provided, each account will supply such additional capital in such amounts, if any, as determined by OFS Advisor. In addition, a conflict arises in allocating an investment opportunity if the potential investment target could be acquired by us, an Affiliated Account, or a portfolio company of an Affiliated Account. Investments by more than one account of OFS Advisor or its affiliates in a portfolio company also raise the risk of using assets of an account of OFS Advisor or its affiliates to support positions taken by other accounts of OFS Advisor or its affiliates, or that an account may remain passive in a situation in which it is entitled to vote. In addition, there may be differences in timing of entry into, or exit from, a portfolio company for reasons such as differences in strategy, existing portfolio or liquidity needs, different account mandates or fund differences, or different securities being held. These variations in timing may be detrimental to us.
The application of our or an Affiliated Account's governing documents and the policies and procedures of OFS Advisor are expected to vary based on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each investment by two or more accounts, in particular when those accounts are in different classes of an issuer’s capital structure (as well as across multiple issuers or borrowers within the same overall capital structure) and, as such, there may be a degree of variation and potential inconsistencies, in the manner in which potential or actual conflicts are addressed.
Co-Investment with Affiliates. On August 4, 2020, we received our current Order, which superseded a previous order that we received on October 12, 2016, and provides us with greater flexibility to enter into co-investment transactions with certain Affiliated Funds in a manner consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We are generally permitted to co-invest with Affiliated Funds if under the terms of the Order, a "required majority" (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors make certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that: (1) the terms of the transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned; (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our investment objective and strategies; (3) the investment by our affiliates would not disadvantage us, and our participation would not be on a basis different from or less advantageous than that on which our affiliates are investing; and (4) the proposed investment by us would not benefit OFS Advisor, the other Affiliated Funds that are participating in the investment, or any affiliated person of any of them (other than parties to the transaction), except to the extent permitted by the exemptive relief and applicable law, including the limitations set forth in Section 57(k) of the 1940 Act.
In addition, we may file an application for an amendment to our existing Order to permit us to co-invest in our existing portfolio companies with certain affiliates that are private funds even if such other funds had not previously invested in such existing portfolio companies, subject to certain conditions. However, if filed, there is no guarantee that such application will be granted.
When we invest alongside Affiliated Accounts, OFS Advisor will, to the extent consistent with applicable law, regulatory guidance, or the Order, allocate investment opportunities in accordance with its allocation policy. Under this allocation policy, if two or more investment vehicles with similar or overlapping investment strategies are in their investment periods, an available opportunity will be allocated based on the provisions governing allocations of such investment opportunities in the relevant organizational, offering or similar documents, if any, for such investment vehicles. In the absence of any such provisions, OFS Advisor will consider the following factors and the weight that should be given with respect to each of these factors:
•investment guidelines and/or restrictions, if any, set forth in the applicable organizational, offering or similar documents for the investment vehicles;
•the status of tax restrictions and tests and other regulatory restrictions and tests;
•risk and return profile of the investment vehicles;
•suitability/priority of a particular investment for the investment vehicles;
•if applicable, the targeted position size of the investment for the investment vehicles;
•level of available cash for investment with respect to the investment vehicles;
•total amount of funds committed to the investment vehicles; and
•the age of the investment vehicles and the remaining term of their respective investment periods, if any.
When not relying on the Order, priority as to opportunities will generally be given to clients that are in their “ramp-up” period, or the period during which the account has yet to reach sufficient scale such that its investment income covers its operating expenses, over the accounts that are outside their ramp-up period but still within their investment or re-investment periods. However, application of one or more of the factors listed above, or other factors determined to be relevant or appropriate, may result in the allocation of an investment opportunity to a fund no longer in its ramp-up period over a fund that is still within its ramp-up period.
In situations where co-investment with Affiliated Accounts is not permitted or appropriate, OFS Advisor will need to decide which account will proceed with the investment. The decision by OFS Advisor to allocate an opportunity to another entity could cause us to forego an investment opportunity that we otherwise would have made. These restrictions, and similar restrictions that limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates, may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.

---

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a number of significant risks. In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should consider carefully the following information before making an investment in our securities. The risks set out below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not presently deemed material by us might also impair our operations and performance. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, our NAV and the trading price of our securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. The risk factors described below are the principal risk factors associated with an investment in our securities as well as those factors generally associated with an investment company with investment objectives, investment policies, capital structure or trading markets similar to ours.
Summary Risk Factors
We are subject to risks related to our business and structure.
•Global economic, political and market conditions may adversely affect our business, our ability to access capital, and our results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability.
•Due to economic disruptions, we may not be able to increase our dividends and may reduce or defer our dividends and choose to incur U.S. federal excise tax in order to preserve cash and maintain flexibility.
•We are dependent upon the OFSC senior professionals for our future success and upon their access to the investment professionals and partners of OFSAM and its affiliates.
•A significant amount of our portfolio investments are recorded at fair value and OFS Advisor, our “valuation designee,” determines the fair value of our investments in good faith pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. As a result, there will be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments and the participation of OFS Advisor’s professionals in our valuation process could result in a conflict of interest.
•We may finance our investments with borrowed money, which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us.
•Insufficient cash flows may increase our risk of default of our debt obligations, including under our Unsecured Notes and our BNP Facility.
•We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at corporate rates if we are unable to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC.
•In the future, we may choose to pay distributions in our own stock and stockholders may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash they receive.
•Because we expect to distribute substantially all of our net ordinary income and net realized capital gains to our stockholders, we may need additional capital to finance our growth and such capital may not be available on favorable terms or at all.
•Changes in the laws or regulations governing our business, or changes in the interpretations thereof, and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our, and our portfolio companies’ business, results of operations or financial condition.
•Our Board may change our investment objectives, operating policies and strategies without prior notice or stockholder approval.
We are subject to risks related to OFS Advisor and its Affiliates.
•We have potential conflicts of interest related to obligations that OFS Advisor or its affiliates may have to other clients.
•We have potential conflicts of interest related to the purchases and sales that OFS Advisor makes on our behalf and/or on behalf of Affiliated Accounts.
•The valuation process for certain of our portfolio holdings may create a conflict of interest.
•Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted, which may limit the scope of investments available to us.
•Our incentive fee structure may create incentives for OFS Advisor that are not fully aligned with the interests of our stockholders.
•OFS Advisor’s liability is limited under the Investment Advisory Agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify OFS Advisor against certain liabilities, which may lead OFS Advisor to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
•OFS Advisor can resign on 60 days’ notice, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
We are subject to risks related to our investments.
•The effects of inflation may adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of our portfolio companies.
•Fluctuations in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business and that of our portfolio companies.
•Any of our portfolio companies operating in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry are subject to extensive government regulation and certain other risks particular to that industry.
•Our investments in private and middle-market portfolio companies are generally considered lower credit quality obligations, are risky, and we could lose all or part of our investment.
•Our investments in Structured Finance Securities carry additional risks to the risks associated with investing in private debt.
•Our investments in Structured Finance Securities are more likely to suffer a loss of all or a portion of their value in the event of a default.
•We are a non-diversified management investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.
•If we make subordinated debt investments, the obligors or the portfolio companies may not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations to us.
•We and our investments are subject to interest rate risk.
We are subject to risks related to our securities and an investment in our common stock.
•There is a risk that stockholders may not receive distributions or that our distributions may not grow over time and a portion of our distributions may be a return of capital.
•The market price of our common stock may fluctuate and decrease significantly.
•Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
•Our common stock may trade below its NAV per share, which limits our ability to raise additional equity capital.
Risks Related to Our Business and Structure
Global economic, political and market conditions may adversely affect our business, our ability to access capital, and our results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability.
The uncertain state of the global economy, as well as various social, economic and political tensions in both the United States and around the world (including war, terrorist attacks and other forms of conflict), may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets, and may cause economic uncertainties or deterioration in the United States and worldwide. For example, there is currently geopolitical, economic and financial market instability in the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and China, and as a result of the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine.
In addition, the impact of trade and immigration policies could add to price and wage pressures and may elevate inflation. Any disruptions in the capital markets, as a result of economic, political and market instability (including as a result of the change in U.S. presidential administrations, a shutdown of U.S. government services, strikes, work stoppages, labor shortages, labor disputes, supply chain disruptions and accidents), may increase the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities and can result in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial sector and re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated market. These and any other unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets and result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us.
Major public health incidents may lead to significant economic disruption in the economy of the United States and the economies of other nations. Any such disruption or future pandemics, as well as the generally negative economic impact of such events, may have adverse impacts on our business and our results of operations and financial condition. While certain markets have shown signs of stabilizing, market conditions remain uncertain and a period of deterioration and volatility could re-emerge.
Negative economic trends would also increase the likelihood that major financial institutions or other entities having a significant impact on the financial and credit markets may suffer a bankruptcy or insolvency. In addition, certain industries may feel the impact of such negative economic trends more than others. There is a material possibility that economic activity will be volatile or will slow significantly, and some obligors may be significantly and negatively impacted by these negative economic trends. Although the leveraged finance and CLO markets have made significant recoveries from the adverse impact of the credit crisis, there can be no assurance that the leveraged finance and CLO markets will not be adversely impacted by future economic downturns or market volatility.
The financial results of middle-market companies, in which we primarily invest, have experienced deterioration because of market volatility, which could ultimately lead to difficulty in meeting debt service requirements and an increase in defaults, and further deterioration will further depress the outlook for middle-market companies. Moreover, adverse economic conditions have decreased, and may in the future decrease, the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Such conditions have required, and may in the future require, us to modify the payment terms of our investments, including changes in PIK interest provisions and/or cash interest rates. The performance of certain of our portfolio companies has been, and in the future may be, negatively impacted by these economic or other conditions, which can result in our receipt of reduced interest income from our portfolio companies and/or realized and unrealized losses related to our investments, and, in turn, may adversely affect distributable income and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Significant disruption or volatility in the capital markets may also have a negative effect on the valuations of our investments. While most of our investments are not publicly traded, applicable accounting standards require us to assume as part of our valuation process that our investments are sold in a principal market to market participants (even if we plan on holding an investment through its maturity). Significant disruption or volatility in the capital markets may also affect the pace of our investment activity and the potential for liquidity events involving our investments. Thus, the illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments to access capital if required, and as a result, we could realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments if we were required to sell them for liquidity purposes. An inability to raise or access capital could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may also be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution may cause a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and may adversely affect financial intermediaries with which we interact in the conduct of our business.
Overall uncertainty in the economic environment globally and in the United States may adversely affect our business, ability to secure debt financing, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability. We continuously monitor developments and seek to manage our investments in a manner consistent with achieving our investment objective, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in doing so.
Due to economic disruptions, we may not be able to increase our dividends and may reduce or defer our dividends and choose to incur U.S. federal excise tax in order to preserve cash and maintain flexibility.
As a BDC, we are not required to make any distributions to stockholders other than in connection with our election to be taxed as a RIC under subchapter M of the Code. In order to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC, we must distribute to stockholders for each taxable year at least 90% of our ICTI. If we qualify for taxation as a RIC, we generally will not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on our ICTI and net capital gains (i.e., realized net long-term capital gains in excess of realized net short-term capital losses) that we timely distribute to stockholders. We will be subject to a 4% U.S. federal excise tax on undistributed earnings of a RIC unless we distribute each calendar year at least the sum of: (i) 98.0% of our ordinary income for the calendar year; (ii) 98.2% of our capital gains in excess of capital losses for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year; and (iii) any ordinary income and net capital gains for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax.
Under the Code, we may satisfy certain of our RIC distributions with dividends paid after the end of the current year. In particular, if we pay a distribution in January of the following year that was declared in October, November, or December of the current year and is payable to stockholders of record in the current year, the dividend will be treated for all U.S. federal tax purposes as if it were paid on December 31 of the current year. In addition, under the Code, we may pay dividends, referred to as “spillover dividends,” that we: (i) declare on or before the later of the 15th day of the 9th month following the close of our taxable year or in the case of an extension of time for filing our return for the taxable year, the due date for filing such return taking into account such extension; and (ii) pay during the following taxable year (but not later than the date of the first dividend payment of the same type of dividend made after such declaration). Such dividends will allow us to maintain our qualification for taxation as a RIC and eliminate our liability for corporate-level U.S. federal income tax. Under these spillover dividend procedures, we may defer distribution of income earned during the current year until December of the following year.
For example, we may defer distributions of income earned during 2024 until as late as December 31, 2025. However, if we choose to pay a spillover dividend, we will still incur the 4% U.S. federal excise tax on some or all of the distribution.
Due to disruptions in the economy, including fluctuating interest rates and high inflation rates, we may take certain actions with respect to the timing and amounts of our distributions in order to preserve cash and maintain flexibility. For example, we may not be able to increase our dividends. In addition, we may reduce our dividends and/or defer our dividends to the following taxable year. If we defer our dividends, we may choose to utilize the spillover dividend rules discussed above and incur the 4% U.S. federal excise tax on such amounts. To further preserve cash, we may combine these reductions or deferrals of dividends with one or more distributions that are payable partially in our stock. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-In the future, we may choose to pay distributions in our own stock and stockholders may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash they receive.”
We are dependent upon the OFSC senior professionals for our future success and upon their access to the investment professionals and partners of OFSAM and its affiliates.
OFS Advisor is a wholly owned subsidiary of OFSAM, has no employees and depends upon access to the investment professionals and other resources of OFSC and its affiliates to fulfill its obligations to us under the Investment Advisory Agreement. OFS Advisor also depends upon OFSC to obtain access to deal flow generated by the professionals of OFSC and its affiliates. Under a staffing agreement between OFSC and OFS Advisor, OFSC has agreed to provide OFS Advisor with the following services to enable OFS Advisor to undertake and perform its business activities as an investment adviser: (i) the provision of staff necessary to meet all staffing requirements, including making available experienced investment professionals and access to the senior investment personnel of OFSC and its affiliates; and (ii) the services of certain named members of the investment committee of OFS Advisor. Experienced investment professionals include investment professionals with reasonable industry experience who are responsible for making investment decisions, conducting research and analysis, and managing risks to achieve their clients’ financial goals. Roles and titles of such individuals include, but are not limited to, directors, associates and analysts who evaluate, structure, monitor and review investments of OFS Advisor and its clients, including the Company. Senior investment personnel include investment professionals that have developed a broad network of contacts within the investment community and that have an average of over 25 years of investing experience, including experience with structuring and investing in CLOs, as well as investing in assets that constitute the underlying assets held by typical CLOs in which the Company will invest. Roles and titles of such individuals include president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, senior managing director and managing director. To manage potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the staffing agreement, OFS Advisor and its clients, including the Company, have jointly adopted a Code of Ethics that is designed to address potential conflicts of interest and establishes applicable policies, guidelines and procedures that promote ethical practices and conduct by all personnel of OFS Advisor and OFSC and prevent violations of applicable laws, including the Advisers Act and the 1940 Act.
The staffing agreement also provides for: (i) the identification of investment opportunities for OFS Advisor and its clients, and its affiliates and structured finance vehicles; (ii) evaluation (investment and credit analysis), structuring, monitoring and review of investments of OFS Advisor and its clients, and its affiliates and structured finance vehicles, and the negotiation and closing of investment transactions on behalf of OFS Advisor and its clients, and its affiliates and structured finance vehicles; (iii) legal, compliance and accounting functions; (iv) all other functions and duties of OFS Advisor and its affiliates that are customarily performed by other companies in similar businesses to OFS Advisor and its affiliates; and (v) such other services as may be agreed to from time to time between OFS Advisor and OFSC. We are not a party to this staffing agreement and cannot assure you that OFSC will fulfill its obligations under the agreement. If OFSC fails to perform, we cannot assure you that OFS Advisor will enforce the staffing agreement or that such agreement will not be terminated by either party or that we will continue to have access to the investment professionals of OFSC and its affiliates or their information and deal flow.
We do not have any internal management capacity or employees. We depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the OFSC senior professionals to achieve our investment objectives. Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on the continued service and coordination of the OFSC senior management team, particularly Bilal Rashid, Jeffrey A. Cerny, Glen Ostrander and Kenneth A. Brown (collectively, the “Senior Investment Team”). Each of these individuals is an employee at will of OFSC, and is not subject to an employment contract. In addition, we rely on the services of Richard Ressler, Chairman of the executive committee of OFSAM Holdings and Chairman of the Middle Market Investment Committee of OFS Advisor, Structured Credit Investment Committee of OFS Advisor and Broadly Syndicated Investment Committee of OFS Advisor pursuant to a consulting agreement with Orchard Capital Corporation. The departure of Mr. Ressler, any of the Senior Investment Team, any of the senior managers of OFSC, or of a significant number of its other investment professionals, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Recent Developments.”
We expect that OFS Advisor will continue to evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor our investments in accordance with the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement. We can offer no assurance, however, that OFSC senior
professionals will continue to provide investment advice to us. If these individuals do not maintain their existing relationships with OFSC and its affiliates and do not develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio or achieve our investment objective. In addition, individuals with whom the OFSC senior professionals have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities. Therefore, we can offer no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
The investment committees that oversee our investment activities are provided by OFS Advisor under the Investment Advisory Agreement. The loss of any member of the Advisor Investment Committees or of other OFSC senior professionals could limit our ability to achieve our investment objective and operate as we anticipate. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.
Our business model depends to a significant extent upon strong referral relationships with financial institutions, sponsors and investment professionals. Any inability of OFS Advisor to maintain or develop these relationships, or the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business.
We depend upon OFS Advisor to maintain relationships with financial institutions, sponsors and investment professionals, and we will continue to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If OFS Advisor fails to maintain such relationships, or to develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities, we will not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the principals of OFS Advisor have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, we can offer no assurance that these relationships will generate investment opportunities for us in the future.
Our financial condition and results of operation will depend on our ability to manage our business effectively.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective and grow will depend on our ability to manage our business. This will depend, in turn, on the ability of the Advisor Investment Committees to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. The achievement of our investment objectives on a cost-effective basis will depend upon the Advisor Investment Committees’ ability to execute our investment process, their ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and, to a lesser extent, our access to financing on acceptable terms. OFS Advisor has substantial responsibilities under the Investment Advisory Agreement. OFS Advisor’s senior professionals and other personnel of OFS Advisor’s affiliates, including OFSC, may be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. These activities may distract them or slow our rate of investment. Any failure to manage our business and our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
To the extent PIK interest and PIK dividends constitute a portion of our income, we will be required to include such income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash representing such income.
Our investments may include contractual PIK interest or PIK dividends, which represents contractual interest or dividends added to a loan balance or equity security and due at the end of such loan’s or equity security’s term. To the extent PIK interest and PIK dividends constitute a portion of our income, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with such income being required to be included in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash. Such risks include:
•The higher interest or dividend rates of PIK instruments reflect the payment deferral and increased risk associated with these instruments, and PIK instruments often represent a significantly higher risk than non-PIK instruments.
•Even if the accounting conditions for income accrual are met, the borrower could still default when our actual collection is supposed to occur at the maturity of the obligation.
•PIK instruments may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. PIK income may also create uncertainty about the source of our cash distributions.
•For accounting purposes, any cash distributions to stockholders representing PIK income are not treated as coming from paid-in capital. As a result, despite the fact that a distribution representing PIK income could be paid out of amounts invested by our stockholders, the 1940 Act does not require that stockholders be given notice of this fact by reporting it as a return of capital.
•PIK interest or dividends have the effect of generating investment income at a compounding rate, thereby further increasing the incentive fees payable to OFS Advisor. Similarly, all things being equal, the deferral associated with PIK interest or dividends also decreases the investment principal-to-value ratio at a compounding rate.
A significant amount of our portfolio investments are recorded at fair value and OFS Advisor, our “valuation designee,” determines the fair value of our investments in good faith pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. As a result, there will be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments and the participation of OFS Advisor’s professionals in our valuation process could result in a conflict of interest.
Many of our portfolio investments take the form of securities that are not publicly traded and their fair value may not be readily determinable. In December 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act (“Rule 2a-5”), which establishes requirements for good faith determinations of fair value, and addresses both the Board’s and the “valuation designee’s” roles and responsibilities relating to fair valuation. On September 7, 2022, pursuant to Rule 2a-5, our Board designated OFS Advisor, as valuation designee, to perform fair value determinations relating to our investments, for which market quotations are not readily available. In order for the Board to maintain oversight, OFS Advisor implemented the requirements as prescribed in Rule 2a-5. The determination of fair value and, consequently, the amount of unrealized gains and losses in our portfolio, are, to a significant degree, subjective and dependent on a valuation process undertaken by OFS Advisor and overseen by our Board. Valuation of certain investments will also be based, in part, upon third party valuation models which take into account various unobservable inputs.
A majority of our investments are classified as Level 3 under ASC Topic 820. This means that our portfolio valuations are based on unobservable inputs and assumptions about how market participants would price the asset or liability in question. Inputs into the determination of fair value of our portfolio investments require significant management judgment and estimation. Even if observable market data is available, such information may be the result of consensus pricing information or broker quotes, which include a disclaimer that the broker would not be held to such a price in an actual transaction. The non-binding nature of consensus pricing and/or quotes accompanied by disclaimers materially reduces the reliability of such information. We presently retain the services of independent service providers to prepare the valuation of the majority of these securities.
Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of our investments include third-party yield benchmarks and comparison to publicly traded securities including such factors as yield, maturity and measures of credit quality, the enterprise value of a portfolio company, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and cash flow, the markets in which the portfolio company does business and other relevant factors. The models, information and/or underlying assumptions utilized by OFS Advisor will not always allow OFS Advisor to correctly capture the fair value of an asset. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of securities that are not publicly traded, like those we hold, are inherently uncertain, they may fluctuate materially over short periods of time and may be based on estimates. OFS Advisor’s determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an active public market for these securities existed. OFS Advisor’s determinations of the fair value of our investments have a material impact on our net earnings through the recording of unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments and may cause our NAV on a given date to understate or overstate, possibly materially, the value that we may ultimately realize on one or more of our investments.
The participation of OFS Advisor’s professionals in our valuation process could also result in a conflict of interest since OFS Advisor’s base management fee is based on the average value of our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity).
We may finance our investments with borrowed money, which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us.
The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in our securities. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets and may grant a security interest in all of our assets, other than assets held in OFSCC-FS and SBIC I LP, under the terms of any debt instruments we may enter into with lenders. In addition, under the terms of any credit facility or other debt instrument we enter into, we are likely to be required by its terms to use the net proceeds of any investments that we sell to repay a portion of the amount borrowed under such facility or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause NAV to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses or eliminating our equity stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our revenue or income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make dividend payments on our common stock or preferred stock, as applicable. Our ability to service our debt will depend largely on our financial performance and will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. Moreover, because the base management fee payable to OFS Advisor is payable based on our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity), OFS Advisor has a financial incentive to cause us to incur leverage which may not be consistent with our stockholders’ interests. In addition, our common stockholders will bear the
burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of our use of leverage, including interest expenses and any increase in the base management fee payable to OFS Advisor.
On May 3, 2018, the Board, including a “required majority” (as such term is defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of the Board, approved the application of a reduced 150% asset coverage ratio to us; therefore, provided certain conditions are met, we became subject to the reduced asset coverage ratio as of May 3, 2019. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019.” As of December 31, 2024, our asset coverage ratio was 169%.
The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our common stock assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below.
Assumed Return on Our Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
Assumed Return on Portfolio (10)% (5)% 0% 5% 10%
Corresponding return to common stockholder(1)
(32.7)% (20.8)% (8.9)% 3.0% 14.9%
(1) Assumes $409.7 million in investments at fair value, $248.4 million in outstanding debt, $172.2 million in net assets, and an average cost of funds of 6.17% as of December 31, 2024. Our investment portfolio must experience an annual return of 3.74% at least to cover interest payments on the outstanding debt.
This example is for illustrative purposes only, and actual interest rates on and the amount of our borrowings are likely to fluctuate. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Borrowings” for additional information.
Insufficient cash flows may increase our risk of default of our debt obligations, including under our Unsecured Notes and our BNP Facility.
Any default under the agreements governing our indebtedness, including under our Unsecured Notes and our BNP Facility, that is not waived and the remedies sought by the holders of such indebtedness could make us unable to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on our other debt obligations. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow and are otherwise unable to obtain funds necessary to meet required payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness, or if we otherwise fail to comply with the various covenants, including financial and operating covenants, in the instruments governing our indebtedness, we could be in default under the terms of the agreements governing such indebtedness. Our ability to generate sufficient cash flows in the future is, to some extent, subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure our stockholders that our business will generate cash flows from operations to meet the payment obligations of our debt obligations under our Unsecured Notes and our BNP Facility.
Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits a BDC from incurring indebtedness unless, immediately after such borrowing, it has an asset coverage for total borrowings of at least 200% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 50% of the value of its assets). However, Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act allows a BDC to increase the maximum amount of leverage it may incur from an asset coverage ratio of 200% to an asset coverage ratio of 150%, if certain requirements are met.
On May 3, 2018, our Board approved the application of the reduced asset coverage ratio to us made available under Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act. As a result, effective May 3, 2019, we were able to increase our leverage up to an amount that reduces our asset coverage ratio from 200% to 150% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 66 2/3% of the value of our assets). Leverage magnifies the potential for loss on investments in our indebtedness and on invested equity capital. As we use leverage to partially finance our investments, our stockholders will experience increased risks of investing in our securities. If the value of our assets increases, then the additional leverage would cause the NAV attributable to our common stock to increase more sharply than it would have had we not increased our leverage. Conversely, if the value of our assets decreases, the additional leverage would cause NAV to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not increased our leverage. Similarly, any increase in our income in excess of interest payable on the borrowed funds would cause our net investment income to increase more than it would without the additional leverage, while any decrease in our income would cause net investment income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not increased our leverage. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to pay common stock dividends, scheduled debt payments or other payments related to our securities. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business and Structure-We may finance our investments with borrowed money, which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us.”
In addition, the ability of BDCs to increase their leverage will increase the capital available to BDCs and thus competition for the investments that we seek to make. This may negatively impact pricing on the investments that we do make and adversely affect our net investment income and results of operations.
Changes in interest rates will affect our cost of capital and net investment income.
To the extent we borrow money or issue preferred stock to make investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds or pay dividends on preferred stock and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in the event we use debt to finance our investments. In periods of elevated interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Such techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
A rise in the general level of interest rates typically leads to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates may result in an increase of the amount of incentive fees payable to OFS Advisor.
We may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, which are another form of leverage.
We may enter into reverse repurchase agreements as part of our management of our temporary investment portfolio. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, we will effectively pledge our assets as collateral to secure a short-term loan. Generally, the other party to the agreement makes the loan in an amount equal to a percentage of the fair value of the pledged collateral. At the maturity of the reverse repurchase agreement, we will be required to repay the loan and correspondingly receive back our collateral. While used as collateral, the assets continue to pay principal and interest which are for our benefit.
Our use of reverse repurchase agreements, if any, involves many of the same risks involved in our use of leverage, as the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements generally will be invested in additional securities. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired in the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities that we have sold but remain obligated to purchase. In addition, there is a risk that the market value of the securities retained by us may decline. If a buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experience insolvency, we may be adversely affected. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, we would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of such agreements at settlement are less than the fair value of the underlying securities being pledged. In addition, due to the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions, our NAV would decline, and, in some cases, we may be worse off than if we had not used such instruments.
Our ability to enter into transactions involving derivatives and financial commitment transactions may be limited.
Under Rule 18f-4, BDCs that use derivatives are subject to a value-at-risk leverage limit, a derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These requirements apply unless the BDC qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the rule. Under the rule, a BDC may enter into an unfunded commitment agreement that is not a derivatives transaction, such as an agreement to provide financing to a portfolio company, if the BDC has, among other things, a reasonable belief, at the time it enters into such an agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as it becomes due. Collectively, these requirements may limit our ability to use derivatives and/or enter into certain other financial contracts.
We may in the future determine to fund a portion of our investments with preferred stock, which would magnify the potential for gain or loss and the risks of investing in us in the same way as our borrowings.
Preferred stock, which is another form of leverage, has the same risks to our common stockholders as borrowings because the dividends on any preferred stock we issue must be cumulative. Payment of such dividends and repayment of the liquidation preference of such preferred stock must take preference over any dividends or other payments to our common stockholders, and preferred stockholders are not subject to any of our expenses or losses and are not entitled to participate in any income or appreciation in excess of their stated preference.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, which could reduce returns and result in losses.
A number of entities compete with us to make the types of investments that we plan to make. We compete with public and private funds, other BDCs, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or the source of income, asset diversification and distribution requirements we must satisfy
to maintain our RIC tax treatment. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of instruments, establish more relationships and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we are able to. The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities or make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives.
With respect to the investments we make, we will not seek to compete based primarily on the interest rates we will offer, and we believe that some of our competitors may make loans with interest rates that will be lower than the rates we offer. In the secondary market for acquiring existing loans, we expect to compete generally on the basis of pricing terms. With respect to all investments, we may lose some investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. However, if we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. We may also compete for investment opportunities with OFSAM Holdings and its affiliates or accounts managed by OFSAM Holdings’ affiliates. Although OFS Advisor will allocate opportunities in accordance with its policies and procedures, allocations to such other accounts will reduce the amount and frequency of opportunities available to us and may not be in the best interests of us and our stockholders. Moreover, the performance of investments will not be known at the time of allocation.
We may suffer credit losses.
Investment in middle-market companies is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk of credit loss, and therefore, our securities may not be suitable for someone with a low risk tolerance. These risks are likely to increase during volatile economic periods, such as the recent economic volatility in the United States, Europe and China.
We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at corporate rates if we are unable to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC.
We have elected to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, but no assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain our RIC status. As a RIC, we are not subject to U.S. federal income tax imposed at corporate rates on our income and capital gains that we timely distribute (or that we are deemed to distribute) to our stockholders. To maintain RIC status under the Code, we must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and distribution requirements. The source-of-income requirement will be satisfied if we obtain at least 90% of our gross income for each year from dividends, interest, gains from the sale of securities or similar sources. The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset composition requirements at the end of each calendar quarter. Failure to meet those requirements may result in our having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because we expect most of our investments to be in illiquid securities, for which there will likely be no active public market, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses.
We must also meet the Annual Distribution Requirement to qualify for RIC tax treatment. We will be subject, to the extent we use debt financing or preferred stock, to certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the 1940 Act and financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to maintain our qualification for the tax benefits available to RICs and, thus, become subject to U.S. federal income tax.
If we fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC for any reason and become subject to U.S. federal income tax, the resulting taxes at corporate rates could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution to stockholders and the amount of our distributions and the amount of funds available for new investments. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on us and our stockholders. See “Item 1. Business-Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations-Taxation as a RIC.”
Our subsidiaries and portfolio companies may be unable to make distributions to us that will enable us to meet RIC requirements, which could result in the imposition of an entity-level tax.
In order for us to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC and to minimize corporate-level taxes, we are required to distribute on an annual basis substantially all of our taxable income, which includes income from our subsidiaries and portfolio companies. Distributions from OFSCC-FS to us are restricted by the terms and conditions of the BNP Facility. If our subsidiaries and portfolio companies are unable to make distributions to us, this may result in loss of RIC tax treatment and a consequent imposition of a corporate-level federal income tax on us.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as OID or market discount, which may arise if we acquire a debt security at a significant discount to par. Such discounts
will be included in income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include certain other amounts in income that we will not receive in cash.
Since, in certain cases, we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the Annual Distribution Requirement necessary to maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. Accordingly, we may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forego new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to U.S. federal income taxes at corporate rates.
In the future, we may choose to pay distributions in our own stock and stockholders may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash they receive.
We distribute taxable distributions that are payable in cash or shares of our common stock at the election of each stockholder. In accordance with guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service, a publicly traded RIC should generally be eligible to treat a distribution of its own stock as fulfilling its RIC distribution requirements if each stockholder is permitted to elect to receive his or her distribution in either cash or stock of the RIC (even where there is a limitation on the percentage of the distribution payable in cash, provided that the limitation is at least 20%), subject to the satisfaction of certain guidelines. If too many stockholders elect to receive their distributions in cash, each such stockholder would receive a pro rata share of the total cash to be distributed and would receive the remainder of their distribution in shares of stock. If this and certain other requirements are met, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of the distribution paid in stock generally will be a taxable distribution in an amount equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of stock. If we decide to make any distributions consistent with this guidance that are payable in part in our stock, stockholders receiving such distribution would be required to include the full amount of the distribution (whether received in cash, our stock, or a combination thereof) as ordinary income (or as long-term capital gain to the extent such distribution is properly designated as a capital gain dividend) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock received as a dividend in order to pay this tax, it may be subject to transaction fees (e.g., broker fees or transfer agent fees) and, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our stock.
Because we expect to distribute substantially all of our net ordinary income and net realized capital gains to our stockholders, we may need additional capital to finance our growth and such capital may not be available on favorable terms or at all.
We have elected to be taxed for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. If we meet certain requirements, including source of income, asset diversification and distribution requirements, and if we continue to qualify as a BDC, we will continue to qualify for tax treatment as RIC under the Code and will not have to pay U.S. federal income taxes at corporate rates on income we distribute to our stockholders as dividends, allowing us to substantially reduce or eliminate our U.S. federal tax liability at corporate rates. Because we received the approval of our Board, we are generally required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which includes all of our borrowings and any preferred stock we may issue in the future, of at least 150% at the time we issue any debt or preferred stock. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019.” This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow. Because we will continue to need capital to grow our investment portfolio, this limitation may prevent us from incurring debt or preferred stock and require us to raise additional equity at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. We cannot assure investors that debt and equity financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, and debt financings may be restricted by the terms of any of our outstanding borrowings. In addition, as a BDC, we are generally not permitted to issue common stock priced below NAV without stockholder approval. If additional funds are not available to us, we could be forced to curtail or cease new lending and investment activities, and our NAV could decline.
Loss of tax treatment as a RIC would reduce our NAV and distributable income.
We have elected to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, we do not have to pay federal income taxes on our income (including realized gains) that we distribute to our stockholders, provided that we satisfy certain distribution and other requirements. Accordingly, we are not permitted under accounting rules to establish reserves for taxes on our unrealized capital gains. If we fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC in any year, to the extent that we had unrealized gains, we would have to establish reserves for taxes, which would reduce our NAV and the amount potentially available for distribution. In addition, if we, as a RIC, were to decide to
make a deemed distribution of net realized capital gains and retain the net realized capital gains, we would have to establish appropriate reserves for taxes that we would have to pay on behalf of stockholders. It is possible that establishing reserves for taxes could have a material adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
Our Banc of California Credit Facility contains various covenants and restrictions which, if not complied with, could accelerate our repayment obligations under the Banc of California Credit Facility or limit its use, thereby materially and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions.
The Banc of California Credit Facility provides us with a senior secured revolving line of credit of up to $25.0 million, with maximum availability equal to 50% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of eligible loans included in the borrowing base and otherwise specified in the Banc of California Credit Facility. The Banc of California Credit Facility is guaranteed by OFSCC-MB and secured by all of our and OFSCC-MB’s current and future assets, excluding assets held by OFSCC-FS and SBIC I LP, and our partnership interest in SBIC I LP. The Banc of California Credit Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting requirements, a minimum tangible NAV, a minimum quarterly net investment income after incentive fees and a maximum ratio of liabilities divided by NAV. The Banc of California Credit Facility also contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, nonpayment, misrepresentation of representations and warranties in a material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default to other indebtedness, bankruptcy, change in investment advisor, and the occurrence of a material adverse change in our financial condition. The Banc of California Credit Facility permits us to fund additional investments as long as we are within the conditions set out in the Banc of California Credit Facility. Our continued compliance with these covenants depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control, and there are no assurances that we will continue to comply with these covenants. Our failure to satisfy these covenants could result in foreclosure by our lender, which would accelerate our repayment obligations under the Banc of California Credit Facility and thereby have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. As of December 31, 2024, the Banc of California Credit Facility had an outstanding balance of $1.0 million and an unused commitment of $24.0 million, subject to a borrowing base and other covenants.
Adverse developments in the credit markets may impair our ability to secure debt financing.
Economic recessions or downturns may result in a prolonged period of market illiquidity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. During the economic downturn in the United States that began in mid-2007, many commercial banks and other financial institutions stopped lending or significantly curtailed their lending activity. In addition, in an effort to stem losses and reduce their exposure to segments of the economy deemed to be high risk, some financial institutions limited routine refinancing and loan modification transactions and even reviewed the terms of existing facilities to identify bases for accelerating the maturity of existing lending facilities. In the event of a market downturn or recession, it may be difficult for us to obtain desired financing to finance the growth of our investments on acceptable economic terms, or at all.
If we are unable to consummate credit facilities on commercially reasonable terms, or if the banks and financial institutions with whom we have credit facilities enter into receivership, undergo consolidation or become insolvent, our liquidity may be reduced significantly. If we are unable to repay amounts outstanding under any facility we may enter into and are declared in default or are unable to renew or refinance any such facility, it would limit our ability to initiate significant originations or to operate our business in the normal course. These situations may arise due to circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as inaccessibility of the credit markets, a severe decline in the value of the U.S. dollar, an economic downturn or an operational problem that affects third parties or us, and could materially damage our business. Moreover, we are unable to predict when economic and market conditions may be favorable or if adverse conditions in particular sectors of the financial markets could adversely impact our business.
Recent developments in the banking sector could materially affect the success of our activities and investments.
Recent insolvency, closure, receivership or other financial distress or difficulty and related events experienced by certain U.S. and non-U.S. banks (each, a “Distress Event”), have generally caused uncertainty and fear of instability in the global financial system. In addition, eroding market sentiment and speculation of potential future Distress Events have caused other financial institutions - in particular smaller and/or regional banks - to experience volatile stock prices and significant losses in their equity value, and there is concern that depositors at these institutions have withdrawn, or may withdraw in the future, significant sums from their accounts at these institutions, potentially triggering the occurrence of additional Distress Events. Notwithstanding intervention by certain U.S. and non-U.S. governmental agencies to protect the uninsured depositors of banks that have recently experienced Distress Events, there is no guarantee that depositors (which depositors could include us and/or our portfolio companies) that have assets in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit on deposit with a financial institution that experiences a Distress Event will be made whole or, even if made whole, that such deposits will become available for withdrawal or other usage on a timely basis. For example, we regularly maintain cash balances at third-party financial institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. If a
depository institution fails to return these deposits or is otherwise subject to adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets, our access to invested cash or cash equivalents could be limited which would adversely impact our results of operations or financial condition.
There is a risk that other banks, other lenders, or other financial institutions (including such financial institutions in their respective capacities as brokers, hedging counterparties, custodians, loan servicers, administrators, intermediary or other service providers) may be similarly impacted, and it is uncertain what steps (if any) government or other regulators may take in such circumstances. As a consequence, for example, we may be delayed or prevented from accessing funds or other assets, making any required payments under debt or other contractual obligations, paying distributions or pursuing key strategic initiatives. In addition, such banks’ or other financial institutions’ Distress Events and/or attendant instability could adversely affect, in certain circumstances, the ability of co-lenders, syndicate lenders or other parties to undertake and/or execute transactions with us, which in turn may result in fewer investment opportunities being made available to us or being consummated by us, result in shortfalls or defaults under existing investments, or impact our ability to provide additional follow-on support to portfolio companies.
In addition, in the event that a financial institution that provides credit facilities and/or other financing to us and/or one or more of our portfolio companies closes or experiences any other Distress Event, there can be no assurance that such financial institution will honor its obligations to provide such financing or that we or such portfolio company will be able to secure replacement financing or credit accommodations at all or on similar terms, or be able to do so without suffering delays or incurring losses or significant additional expenses. Similarly, if a Distress Event leads to a loss of access to a financial institution’s other services (in addition to financing and other credit accommodations), it is also possible that we will incur additional expenses or delays in putting in place alternative arrangements or that such alternative arrangements will be less favorable than those formerly in place (with respect to economic terms, service levels, access to capital, or otherwise). We are subject to similar risks if a financial institution utilized by our investors or by vendors, brokers, dealers, custodians, loan and portfolio servicers, hedging and other service providers or other counterparties becomes subject to a Distress Event, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Uncertainty caused by recent bank failures - and general concern regarding the financial health and outlook for other financial institutions - could have an overall negative effect on banking systems and financial markets generally. These recent developments may also have other implications for broader economic and monetary policy, including interest rate policy. For the foregoing reasons, there can be no assurances that conditions in the banking sector and in global financial markets will not worsen and/or adversely affect us or our financial performance.
Changes in the laws or regulations governing our business, or changes in the interpretations thereof, and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our, and our portfolio companies’ business, results of operations or financial condition.
We and our portfolio companies are subject to regulation by laws at the U.S. federal, state and local levels, including those that govern BDCs, RICs, or non-depository commercial lenders. These laws and regulations, including applicable accounting standards, as well as their interpretation, may change from time to time, including as the result of directives from the U.S. President and others in the executive branch and new laws, regulations, accounting standards and interpretations may also come into effect. As a result of the 2024 U.S. presidential election, one political party currently controls both the executive and legislative branches of government, which increases the likelihood that legislation may be adopted that could significantly affect the regulation of U.S. financial markets. Regulatory changes could result in greater competition from banks and other lenders with which we compete for lending and other investment opportunities. The United States may also potentially withdraw from or renegotiate various trade agreements and take other actions that would change current trade policies of the United States. This could impose greater costs on all sectors and on financial services companies in particular and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are also subject to judicial and administrative decisions that affect our operations, including our loan originations, maximum interest rates, fees and other charges, disclosures to portfolio companies, the terms of secured transactions, collection and foreclosure procedures and other trade practices. If these laws, regulations or decisions change, or if we expand our business into jurisdictions that have adopted more stringent requirements than those in which we currently conduct business, we may have to incur significant expenses in order to comply, or we might have to restrict our operations. If we do not comply with applicable laws, regulations and decisions, we may lose licenses needed for the conduct of our business and may be subject to civil fines and criminal penalties.
In addition, in June 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed its longstanding approach under the Chevron doctrine, which provided for judicial deference to regulatory agencies. As a result of this decision, we cannot be sure whether there will be increased challenges to existing agency regulations or how lower courts will apply the decision in the context of other regulatory schemes without more specific guidance from the U.S. Supreme Court. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision could significantly impact consumer protection, advertising, privacy, artificial intelligence, anti-corruption and anti-
money laundering practices and other regulatory regimes with which we are required to comply. Any such regulatory developments could result in uncertainty about and changes in the ways such regulations apply to us, and may require additional resources to ensure our continued compliance. We cannot predict which, if any, of these actions will be taken or, if taken, their effect on the financial stability of the United States. Such actions could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Over the last several years, there has been an increase in regulatory attention to the extension of credit outside of the traditional banking sector, raising the possibility that some portion of the non-bank financial sector will be subject to new or different regulation. While it cannot be known at this time whether these regulations will be implemented or what form they will take, increased regulation of non-bank credit extension could negatively impact our operations, cash flows or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, intensify the regulatory supervision of us or otherwise adversely affect our business.
We cannot predict how new tax legislation will affect us, our investments, or our stockholders, and any such legislation could adversely affect our business.
Legislative or other actions relating to taxes, including changes in how existing tax laws are interpreted or enforced, could have a negative effect on us. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. The effect of any changes implemented by the new U.S. presidential administration, Congress or taxing authorities could be complex and far-reaching, and these laws and regulations and any future laws or regulations or changes thereto could negatively impact our operations, cash flows or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, intensify the regulatory supervision of us or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also cannot predict with certainty how any future changes in the tax laws might affect us, our investors or our portfolio investments, but new legislation and any U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting such legislation could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to us and our investors of such qualification, or could have other adverse consequences. Investors are urged to consult with their tax advisor regarding tax legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our common stock.
Changes to U.S. tariff and import/export regulations may have a negative effect on our portfolio companies and, in turn, harm us.
The United States has recently enacted and proposed to enact significant new tariffs and U.S. relations with the rest of the world remain uncertain with respect to taxes, trade policies and tariffs, especially in response to the current U.S. presidential administration and Congress. Changes in U.S. administrative policy may lead to significant increases in tariffs for imported goods among other possible changes. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the United States. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our portfolio companies’ access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on their business, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn would negatively impact us.
The effect of global climate change or the legal, regulatory or market responses to such change may impact the operations of our portfolio companies.
There may be evidence of global climate change and the long-term effects of it are difficult to predict. Climate change creates physical and financial risk and some of our portfolio companies may be adversely affected by climate change. For example, the needs of customers of energy companies vary with weather conditions, primarily temperature and humidity. To the extent weather conditions are affected by climate change, energy use could increase or decrease depending on the duration and magnitude of any changes. Increases in the cost of energy could adversely affect the cost of operations of our portfolio companies if the use of energy products or services is material to their business. A decrease in energy use due to weather changes may affect some of our portfolio companies’ financial condition, through decreased revenues. Extreme weather conditions in general require more systems backup, adding to costs, and can contribute to increased system stresses, including service interruptions.
Regulatory and voluntary initiatives launched by international, federal, state, and regional policymakers and regulatory authorities as well as private actors seeking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may expose our portfolio companies to other types of transition risks, such as: (i) political and policy risks (including changing regulatory incentives, and legal requirements, including with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, that could result in increased costs or changes in business operations); (ii) regulatory and litigation risks (including changing legal requirements that could result in increased permitting, tax and compliance costs, changes in business operations, or the discontinuance of certain operations, and litigation seeking monetary or injunctive relief related to impacts related to climate change); (iii) technology and market risks (including declining market for investments in industries seen as greenhouse gas intensive or less effective than alternatives in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions); (iv) business trend risks (including the increased attention to ESG considerations by our investors in their investment decisions); and (v) potential harm to our reputation if our stockholders believe that we are not adequately or appropriately responding to climate change and/or climate risk management, including through the way in which we operate our business, the composition of our portfolio, our new investments or the decisions we make to continue to conduct or change our activities in response to climate change considerations.
Our Board may change our investment objectives, operating policies and strategies without prior notice or stockholder approval.
Our Board has the authority, except as otherwise provided in the 1940 Act, to modify or waive certain of our operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without stockholder approval. However, absent stockholder approval, we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our election as, a BDC. Under Delaware law, we also cannot be dissolved without prior stockholder approval except by judicial action. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies and strategies would have on our business, operating results and the price value of our common stock. Nevertheless, any such changes could adversely affect our business and impair our ability to make distributions.
Efforts to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including a failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance therewith, may adversely affect us and the market price of our securities.
Under current SEC rules, we are required to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules and regulations of the SEC. We are required to review our internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis, and evaluate and disclose changes in our internal control over financial reporting on a quarterly and annual basis.
As a result, we expect to continue to incur additional expenses that may negatively impact our financial performance and our ability to make distributions. This process also results in a diversion of management’s time and attention. In the event that we are unable to maintain compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we and the market price of our securities may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to OFS Advisor and its Affiliates
We have potential conflicts of interest related to obligations that OFS Advisor or its affiliates may have to other clients.
OFS Advisor and its affiliates manage other assets, including those of other BDCs, registered investment companies, separately managed accounts, accounts for which OFS Advisor or its affiliates may serve as a sub-advisor and CLOs, and may manage other entities in the future. These other funds and entities may have similar or overlapping investment strategies. Our executive officers, directors and members of the Advisor Investment Committees serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do, or of investment funds or other investment vehicles managed by OFS Advisor or its affiliates. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in our or our stockholders’ best interests or may require them to devote time to services for other entities, which could interfere with the time available to provide services to us. For example, OFS Advisor currently serves as the investment adviser to HPCI, a non-traded BDC that invests in senior secured loans of middle-market companies in the United States, similar to those we target for investment, including first lien, second lien and unitranche loans as well as subordinated loans and, to a lesser extent, common stock, preferred stock and other equity securities. OFS Advisor also serves as the investment adviser to OCCI, a closed-end management investment company that primarily invests in CLO debt and subordinated securities. Therefore, many investment opportunities will satisfy the investment criteria for both HPCI and us and, in certain instances, investment opportunities may be appropriate for OCCI and us. HPCI operates as a distinct and separate entity and any investment in our common stock will not be an investment in HPCI. In addition, our executive officers serve in substantially similar capacities for HPCI and OCCI and certain of our independent directors serve in a similar capacity for HPCI or OCCI. Similarly, OFS Advisor and/or its affiliates may have other clients with, similar, different or competing investment objectives. In serving in these multiple capacities, our executive officers and directors, OFS Advisor and/or its affiliates, and members of the Advisor Investment Committees may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of us or our stockholders.
OFS Advisor and OFSAM Holdings have procedures and policies in place designed to manage the potential conflicts of interest between OFS Advisor’s fiduciary obligations to us and its fiduciary obligations to other clients. For example, such policies and procedures are designed to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated in a fair and equitable manner among us and other clients of OFS Advisor. An investment opportunity that is suitable for clients of OFS Advisor may not be capable of being shared among some or all of such clients due to the limited scale of the opportunity or other factors, including regulatory restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to participate in all investment opportunities that are suitable to us. OFS Advisor will seek to allocate investment opportunities among eligible accounts in a manner that is fair and equitable over time and consistent with its allocation policy.
We have potential conflicts of interest related to the purchases and sales that OFS Advisor makes on our behalf and/or on behalf of Affiliated Accounts.
Conflicts may arise when we make an investment in conjunction with an investment being made by Affiliated Accounts, or in a transaction where another Affiliated Account has already made an investment. Investment opportunities are, from time to time, appropriate for more than one Affiliated Account in the same, different or overlapping securities of a portfolio company’s capital structure. Conflicts arise in determining the terms of investments, particularly where these Affiliated Accounts may invest in different types of securities in a single portfolio company. Questions arise as to whether payment obligations and covenants should be enforced, modified or waived, or whether debt should be restructured, modified or refinanced.
We may invest in debt and other securities of companies in which other Affiliated Accounts hold those same securities or different securities, including equity securities. In the event that we make such investments, our interests will at times conflict with the interests of such other Affiliated Accounts, particularly in circumstances where the underlying company is facing financial distress. Decisions about what action should be taken, particularly in troubled situations, raises conflicts of interest, including, among other things, whether or not to enforce claims, whether or not to advocate or initiate a restructuring or liquidation inside or outside of bankruptcy, and the terms of any work-out or restructuring. The involvement of multiple Affiliated Accounts at both the equity and debt levels could inhibit strategic information exchanges among fellow creditors, including among us and other Affiliated Accounts. In certain circumstances, we or other Affiliated Accounts may be prohibited from exercising voting or other rights and may be subject to claims by other creditors with respect to the subordination of their interest.
For example, in the event that one Affiliated Account has a controlling or significantly influential position in a portfolio company, that Affiliated Account may have the ability to elect some or all of the board of directors of such a portfolio company, thereby controlling its policies and operations, including the appointment of management, future issuances of securities, payment of dividends, incurrence of debt and entering into extraordinary transactions. In addition, a controlling Affiliated Account is likely to have the ability to determine, or influence, the outcome of operational matters and to cause, or prevent, a change in control of such a portfolio company. Such management and operational decisions may, at times, be in direct conflict with us or other Affiliated Accounts that have invested in the same portfolio company that do not have the same level of control or influence over the portfolio company.
If additional capital is necessary as a result of financial or other difficulties, or to finance growth or other opportunities, we or other Affiliated Accounts may or may not provide such additional capital, and if provided, each Affiliated Account will supply such additional capital in such amounts, if any, as determined by OFS Advisor and/or OFS Advisor’s affiliates. Investments by more than one Affiliated Account in a portfolio company also raises the risk of using assets of an Affiliated Account of OFS Advisor to support positions taken by other Affiliated Accounts, or that a client may remain passive in a situation in which it is entitled to vote. In addition, there may be differences in timing of entry into, or exit from, a portfolio company for reasons such as differences in strategy, existing portfolio or liquidity needs, different Affiliated Account mandates or fund differences, or different securities being held. These variations in timing may be detrimental to us.
The application of our investment mandate as compared to investment mandates of other Affiliated Accounts and the policies and procedures of OFS Advisor and OFS Advisor's affiliates are expected to vary based on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each investment by two or more Affiliated Accounts, in particular when those Affiliated Accounts are in different classes of an issuer’s capital structure (as well as across multiple issuers or borrowers within the same overall capital structure) and, as such, there may be a degree of variation and potential inconsistencies in the manner in which potential or actual conflicts are addressed.
Our independent directors may face conflicts of interest related to their obligations to the Affiliated Funds for which they also serve as independent directors.
All of the independent directors of our Board also serve as independent directors of the board of directors of HPCI or OCCI, Affiliated Funds managed by OFS Advisor. In their capacities as directors for an Affiliated Fund board, the independent directors have a duty to make decisions on behalf of that Affiliated Fund that are in the best interests of that Affiliated Fund and its stockholders. Accordingly, our independent directors may face conflicts of interest when making a decision on behalf of one Affiliated Fund that may not be in the best interest of the other Affiliated Fund(s). For example, the SEC has granted exemptive relief to us, OFS Advisor, HPCI, OCCI, and certain other of our affiliates to co-invest in certain transactions that would otherwise be prohibited by the 1940 Act. In accordance with that relief, the independent directors must make certain findings on behalf of each Affiliated Fund with respect to initial co-investment transactions, including that the terms of the proposed
transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to the Affiliated Fund and its stockholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of the Affiliated Fund or its stockholders on the part of any of the other participants in the proposed transaction. Under such circumstances, the independent directors may face conflicts of interest when making these determinations on behalf of us, HPCI and OCCI.
Members of the Advisor Investment Committees, OFS Advisor or its affiliates may, from time to time, possess material non-public information, limiting our investment discretion.
OFSC senior professionals and members of the Advisor Investment Committees may serve as directors of, or in a similar capacity with, companies in which we invest, the securities of which are purchased or sold on our behalf. In the event that material non-public information is obtained with respect to such companies, or we become subject to trading restrictions under the internal trading policies of those companies or as a result of applicable law or regulations, we could be prohibited for a period of time from purchasing or selling the securities of such companies, and this prohibition may have an adverse effect on us and our stockholders.
The valuation process for certain of our portfolio holdings may create a conflict of interest.
Many of our portfolio investments are made in the form of securities that are not publicly traded. The fair value of securities and other investments that are not publicly traded may not be readily determinable. On September 7, 2022, pursuant to Rule 2a-5, our Board designated OFS Advisor as the valuation designee to perform fair value determinations relating to our investments. As valuation designee, OFS Advisor determines the fair value of our portfolio investments in good faith, and, as a result, there may be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments. In addition, the members of our Board who are not independent directors have a substantial indirect pecuniary interest in OFS Advisor. The participation of OFS Advisor in our valuation process, and the indirect pecuniary interest in OFS Advisor by those members of our Board, could result in a conflict of interest since OFS Advisor’s base management fee is based on our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity).
We may have additional conflicts related to other arrangements with OFS Advisor or its affiliates.
We have entered into a license agreement with OFSAM under which OFSAM has granted us a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “OFS.” See “Item 1. Business-Management and Other Agreements-License Agreement.” In addition, we rent office space from a subsidiary of OFSAM and pay that subsidiary our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, such as rent and our allocable portion of the cost of our officers, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief compliance officer and chief accounting officer. This creates conflicts of interest that our Board must monitor.
The Investment Advisory Agreement with OFS Advisor and the Administration Agreement with OFS Services were not negotiated on an arm’s length basis and may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Administration Agreement were negotiated between related parties. Consequently, their terms, including fees payable to OFS Advisor, may not be as favorable to us as if they had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. In addition, we could choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights and remedies under these agreements because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with OFS Advisor, OFS Services and their respective affiliates. Any such decision, however, would breach our fiduciary obligations to our stockholders.
Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted, which may limit the scope of investments available to us.
BDCs generally are prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with their affiliates without the prior approval of their independent directors and, in some cases, of the SEC. Those transactions include purchases from, sales to, and so-called “joint” transactions, in which a BDC and one or more of its affiliates engage in certain types of profit-making activities, with such affiliates. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, five percent or more of a BDC’s outstanding voting securities will be considered an affiliate of the BDC for purposes of the 1940 Act, and a BDC generally is prohibited from engaging in purchases of assets from or sales of assets to or joint transactions with such affiliates, absent the prior approval of the BDC’s independent directors. Additionally, without the approval of the SEC, a BDC is prohibited from engaging in purchases of assets from, or sales of assets to or joint transactions with, the BDC’s officers, directors, and employees, and advisors (and its affiliates).
BDCs may, however, invest alongside certain related parties or their respective other clients, in certain circumstances where doing so is consistent with current law and SEC staff interpretations. For example, a BDC may invest alongside such accounts consistent with guidance promulgated by the SEC staff permitting the BDC and such other accounts to purchase interests in a single class of privately placed securities so long as certain conditions are met, including that the BDC’s advisor, acting on the BDC’s behalf and on behalf of other clients, negotiates no term other than price. Co-investment with such other
accounts is not permitted or appropriate under this guidance when there is an opportunity to invest in different securities of the same issuer or where the different investments could be expected to result in a conflict between the BDC’s interests and those of other accounts.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits BDCs from making certain negotiated co-investments with certain affiliates absent an order from the SEC permitting the BDC to do so. On August 4, 2020, we received the Order from the SEC to permit us to co-invest in portfolio companies with Affiliated Funds subject to compliance with the Order. The Order superseded a previous order that we received on October 12, 2016 and provides us with greater flexibility to enter into co-investment transactions with Affiliated Funds. Pursuant to the Order, we are generally permitted to co-invest with Affiliated Funds if a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors make certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that: (1) the terms of the transactions, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned; (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our investment objective and strategies; (3) the investment by our affiliates would not disadvantage us, and our participation would not be on a basis different from or less advantageous than that on which our affiliates are investing; and (4) the proposed investment by us would not benefit OFS Adviser, the other Affiliated Funds that are participating in the investment, or any affiliated person of any of them (other than parties to the transaction), except to the extent permitted by the exemptive relief and applicable law, including the limitations set forth in Section 57(k) of the 1940 Act.
In addition, we may file an application for an amendment to our existing Order to permit us to co-invest in our existing portfolio companies with certain affiliates that are private funds even if such other funds had not previously invested in such existing portfolio companies, subject to certain conditions. However, if filed, there is no guarantee that such application will be granted. When we invest alongside clients of OFSAM Holdings and its affiliates or their respective other clients, OFS Advisor will, to the extent consistent with applicable law, regulatory guidance, and/or the Order, allocate investment opportunities in accordance with its allocation policy. Under this allocation policy, if two or more investment vehicles with similar or overlapping investment strategies are in their investment periods, an available opportunity will be allocated based on the provisions governing allocations of such investment opportunities in the relevant organizational, offering or similar documents, if any, for such investment vehicles. In the absence of any such provisions, OFS Advisor will consider the following factors and the weight that should be given with respect to each of these factors:
•investment guidelines and/or restrictions, if any, set forth in the applicable organizational, offering or similar documents for the investment vehicles;
•the status of tax restrictions and tests and other regulatory restrictions and tests;
•risk and return profile of the investment vehicles;
•suitability/priority of a particular investment for the investment vehicles;
•if applicable, the targeted position size of the investment for the investment vehicles;
•level of available cash for investment with respect to the investment vehicles;
•total amount of funds committed to the investment vehicles; and
•the age of the investment vehicles and the remaining term of their respective investment periods, if any.
When not relying on the Order, priority as to opportunities will generally be given to clients that are in their “ramp-up” period, or the period during which the account has yet to reach sufficient scale such that its investment income covers its operating expenses, over the accounts that are outside their ramp-up period but still within their investment or re-investment periods. However, application of one or more of the factors listed above, or other factors determined to be relevant or appropriate, may result in the allocation of an investment opportunity to a fund no longer in its ramp-up period over a fund that is still within its ramp-up period.
In situations where co-investment with other accounts is not permitted or appropriate, OFS Advisor will need to decide which account will proceed with the investment. The decision by OFS Advisor to allocate an opportunity to another entity could cause us to forego an investment opportunity that we otherwise would have made. These restrictions, and similar restrictions that limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates, may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.
Our base management fee may induce OFS Advisor to cause us to incur leverage.
Our base management fee is payable based upon our total assets, other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity. This fee structure may encourage OFS Advisor to cause us to borrow money to finance additional investments. The utilization of higher (or additional) leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor holders of our common stock. Given the subjective nature of the investment decisions made by OFS Advisor on our behalf, our Board may not be able to monitor this potential conflict of interest effectively.
Our incentive fee may induce OFS Advisor to make certain investments, including speculative investments.
The incentive fee payable by us to OFS Advisor may create an incentive for OFS Advisor to make investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive fee payable to OFS Advisor is determined may encourage OFS Advisor to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor our stockholders.
OFS Advisor receives an incentive fee based, in part, upon net capital gains realized on our investments. Unlike that portion of the incentive fee based on income, there is no hurdle rate applicable to the portion of the incentive fee based on net capital gains. As a result, OFS Advisor may have a tendency to invest more capital in investments that are likely to result in capital gains as compared to income producing securities. Such a practice could result in our investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during economic downturns.
We may invest, to the extent permitted by law, in the securities and instruments of other investment companies, including private funds, and, to the extent we so invest, will bear our ratable share of any such investment company’s expenses, including management and performance fees. We remain obligated to pay management and incentive fees to OFS Advisor with respect to the assets invested in the securities and instruments of other investment companies. With respect to each of these investments, each of our stockholders will bear his or her share of the management and incentive fee of OFS Advisor as well as indirectly bearing the management and performance fees and other expenses of any investment companies in which we invest.
Our Board is charged with protecting our interests by monitoring how OFS Advisor addresses these and other conflicts of interest associated with its management services and compensation. While our Board is not expected to review or approve each borrowing or incurrence of leverage, our independent directors will periodically review OFS Advisor’s services and fees. In connection with these reviews, our independent directors will consider whether our fees and expenses (including those related to leverage) remain appropriate.
Our incentive fee structure may create incentives for OFS Advisor that are not fully aligned with the interests of our stockholders.
In the course of our investing activities, we will pay management and incentive fees to OFS Advisor. The base management fee is based on our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents, but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity). As a result, investors in our common stock will invest on a “gross” basis and receive distributions on a “net” basis after expenses, resulting in a lower rate of return than one might achieve through direct investments. Because these fees are based on our total assets, other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including any assets owned by any consolidated entity, OFS Advisor will benefit when we incur debt or use leverage. Our Board is charged with protecting our interests by monitoring how OFS Advisor addresses these and other conflicts of interest associated with its management services and compensation. While our Board is not expected to review or approve each borrowing or incurrence of leverage, our independent directors will periodically review OFS Advisor’s services and fees as well as its portfolio management decisions and portfolio performance. In connection with these reviews, our independent directors will consider whether our fees and expenses (including those related to leverage) remain appropriate. As a result of this arrangement, OFS Advisor or its affiliates may from time to time have interests that differ from those of our stockholders, giving rise to a conflict.
We may pay an incentive fee on income we do not receive in cash.
The part of the incentive fee payable to OFS Advisor that relates to our pre-incentive fee net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest or other income that has been accrued but not yet received in cash. This fee structure may be considered to involve a conflict of interest for OFS Advisor to the extent that it may encourage OFS Advisor to favor debt financings that provide for deferred interest, rather than current cash payments of interest. OFS Advisor may have an incentive to invest in deferred interest securities in circumstances where it would not have done so but for the opportunity to continue to earn the incentive fee even when the issuers of the deferred interest securities would not be able to make actual cash payments to us on such securities. This risk could be increased because OFS Advisor is not obligated to
reimburse us for any incentive fees received even if we subsequently incur losses or never receive previously accrued deferred income in cash.
OFS Advisor’s liability is limited under the Investment Advisory Agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify OFS Advisor against certain liabilities, which may lead OFS Advisor to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, OFS Advisor will not assume any responsibility to us other than to render the services called for under that agreement, and it will not be responsible for any action of our Board in following or declining to follow OFS Advisor’s advice or recommendations. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, OFS Advisor and its affiliates, and its and their respective officers, directors, members, managers, partners, stockholders and employees, will not be liable to us or any subsidiary of ours, or our or their respective officers, directors, members, managers, partners, stockholders or employees, for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, except those resulting from acts constituting gross negligence, willful misfeasance, bad faith or reckless disregard of such person’s duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify OFS Advisor and its affiliates, and its and their respective officers, directors, members, managers, partners, stockholders and employees, from and against any claims or liabilities, including reasonable legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred, arising out of or in connection with our business and operations or any action taken or omitted on our behalf pursuant to authority granted by the Investment Advisory Agreement, except where attributable to gross negligence, willful misfeasance, bad faith or reckless disregard of such person’s duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement. These protections may lead OFS Advisor to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
OFS Advisor can resign on 60 days’ notice, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
OFS Advisor has the right, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, to resign at any time upon not less than 60 days’ written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If OFS Advisor resigns, we may not be able to find a new investment advisor or hire internal management with similar expertise and the ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 60 days, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our operations are likely to experience a disruption, and our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay distributions, are likely to be adversely affected and the value of our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our internal management and investment activities is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by the OFS Advisor and its affiliates. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, the integration of such management and their lack of familiarity with our investment objectives may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
OFS Services can resign from its role as our Administrator under the Administration Agreement, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
OFS Services has the right to resign under the Administration Agreement, whether we have found a replacement or not. If OFS Services resigns, we may not be able to find a new administrator or hire internal management with similar expertise and the ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our operations are likely to experience a disruption, our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay distributions, are likely to be adversely affected and the value of our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our internal management and administrative activities is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a service provider or individuals with the expertise possessed by OFS Services. Even if we are able to retain a comparable service provider or individuals to perform such services, whether internal or external, their integration into our business and lack of familiarity with our investment objectives may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
Risks Related to BDCs
Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to and the way in which we raise additional capital. As a BDC, we will need to raise additional capital, which will expose us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage.
We may issue debt securities or preferred stock and/or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are permitted as a BDC to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage ratio, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% of gross assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, after
each issuance of senior securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous. Also, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness would not be available for distributions to our common stockholders. If we issue senior securities, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss.
On May 3, 2018, the Board, including a "required majority" (as such item is determined in section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of the Board, approved the application of a reduced 150% asset coverage ratio to us and, as a result, the reduced asset coverage ratio applicable to us was decreased from 200% to 150% effective May 3, 2019. See "Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019."
As of December 31, 2024, we had $248.4 million of debt outstanding. Our ability to incur additional debt and remain in compliance with the asset coverage test will be limited. We may seek an additional credit facility to finance investments or for working capital requirements. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms or at all.
If we issue preferred stock, the preferred stock would rank “senior” to common stock in our capital structure, preferred stockholders would have separate voting rights on certain matters and might have other rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those of our common stockholders, and the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interest. Holders of our common stock will directly or indirectly bear all of the costs associated with offering and servicing any preferred stock that we issue. In addition, any interests of preferred stockholders may not necessarily align with the interests of holders of our common stock and the rights of holders of shares of preferred stock to receive dividends would be senior to those of holders of shares of our common stock. We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below NAV per share. We may, however, sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the then-current NAV per share of our common stock if our Board determines that such sale is in the best interests of us and our stockholders, and if our stockholders approve any such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). On June 26, 2024, our stockholders approved a proposal that authorizes us to issue shares of our common stock at a price below our current NAV, subject to certain limitations, for up to 12 months from such approval. If we raise additional funds by issuing common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, then the percentage ownership of our stockholders at that time will decrease, and our stockholders might experience dilution.
Our ability to invest in public companies may be limited in certain circumstances.
To maintain our status as a BDC, we are not permitted to acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” specified in the 1940 Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70% of our assets, as defined by the 1940 Act, are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). Subject to certain exceptions for follow-on investments and distressed companies, an investment in an issuer that has outstanding securities listed on a national securities exchange may be treated as a qualifying asset only if such issuer has a common equity market capitalization that is less than $250 million at the time of such investment and meets the other specified requirements.
If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could fail to continue to qualify as a BDC or be precluded from investing according to our current business strategy.
As a BDC, we may not acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70% of our assets, as defined by the 1940 Act, are qualifying assets.
We believe that most of the investments that we may acquire in the future will constitute qualifying assets. However, we may be precluded from investing in what we believe are attractive investments if such investments are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 1940 Act. For example, investments we make in CLO securities are generally made in non-U.S. entities and thus are deemed to be non-qualifying assets. If a sufficient portion of our assets are not qualifying assets, we could violate the 1940 Act provisions applicable to BDCs. As a result of such violation, specific rules under the 1940 Act could prevent us, for example, from making follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies (which could result in the dilution of our position) or could require us to dispose of investments at inappropriate times in order to come into compliance with the 1940 Act. If we need to dispose of such investments quickly, it could be difficult to dispose of such investments on favorable terms. We may not be able to find a buyer for such investments and, even if we do find a buyer, we may have to sell the investments at a substantial loss. Any such outcomes would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we do not maintain our status as a BDC, we would be subject to regulation as a registered closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act. As a registered closed-end fund, we would be subject to substantially more regulatory restrictions under the 1940 Act which would significantly decrease our operating flexibility.
Risks Related to Our Investments
Economic recessions or downturns could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
Many of our portfolio companies are susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay our loans during these periods. Therefore, our non-performing assets are likely to increase and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could prevent us from increasing our investments and harm our operating results.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize our portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company. In addition, lenders in certain cases can be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by them when they become too involved in the borrower’s business or exercise control over a borrower. It is possible that we could become subject to a lender liability claim, including as a result of actions taken if we render significant managerial assistance to the borrower. Furthermore, if one of our portfolio companies were to file for bankruptcy protection, even though we may have structured our investment as senior secured debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might re-characterize our debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to claims of other creditors.
Our investments in the debt instruments of leveraged portfolio companies may be risky and, due to the significant volatility of such companies, we could lose all or part of our investment in bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise.
Investments in leveraged companies involve a number of significant risks. Leveraged companies in which we invest may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold due to the significant volatility of such companies. Negative developments may be accompanied by deterioration of the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees that we may have obtained in connection with our investment. Such developments may ultimately result in the leveraged companies in which we invest entering into bankruptcy proceedings, which have a number of inherent risks. Many events in a bankruptcy proceeding are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings and are beyond the control of creditors. A bankruptcy filing by an issuer may adversely and permanently affect the issuer. If the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the value of the issuer may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. The duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is also difficult to predict, and a creditor’s return on investment can be adversely affected by delays until the plan of reorganization or liquidation ultimately becomes effective. The administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and would be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. Because the standards for classification of claims under bankruptcy law are vague, our influence with respect to the class of securities or other obligations we own may be lost by increases in the number and amount of claims in the same class or by different classification and treatment. In the early stages of the bankruptcy process, it is difficult to estimate the extent of, or even to identify, any contingent claims that might be made. Certain claims that have priority by law (for example, claims for taxes) may be substantial. In addition, our subordinated loans are generally subordinated to senior loans and are generally unsecured, other creditors may rank senior to us in the event of a bankruptcy proceeding.
Our investments in debt instruments may include “covenant-lite” loans. Covenants are contractual restrictions that lenders place on companies to limit the corporate actions a company may pursue. Generally, the loans in which we expect to invest will have financial maintenance covenants, which are used to proactively address materially adverse changes in a portfolio company’s financial performance. However, we may invest in “covenant-lite” loans. We use the term “covenant-lite” to refer generally to loans that do not have a complete set of financial maintenance covenants. Generally, “covenant-lite” loans provide borrower companies more freedom to negatively impact lenders because their financial covenants are incurrence-based, which means they are only tested and can only be breached following an affirmative action of the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition. Accordingly, to the extent we invest in “covenant-lite” loans, we may have fewer rights against a borrower and may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants.
The effects of inflation may adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of our portfolio companies.
Certain of our portfolio companies may operate in industries that have been, or may be, impacted by the effects of inflation. Although U.S. inflation rates have fluctuated in recent period, they remain above the historic levels over the past several decades. Such inflationary pressures have increased the costs of labor, energy and raw materials and have adversely effected consumer spending, economic growth and our portfolio companies’ operations. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in the costs of their operations along to their customers, it could adversely affect their operating results. Such conditions would increase the risk of default on their obligations as a borrower. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to the effects of inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations.
Fluctuations in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our business and that of our portfolio companies.
Fluctuations in interest rates could have a dampening effect on overall economic activity, the financial condition of our portfolio companies and the financial condition of the end customers who ultimately create demand for the capital we supply, all of which could negatively affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. The Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate twice in 2024. Although the Federal Reserve has signaled the potential for additional federal funds rate cuts, there remains uncertainty around the rate and timing of decreases remain, including as a result of the new U.S. presidential administration. Uncertainty surrounding future Federal Reserve actions may have a material effect on our business making it particularly difficult for us to obtain financing at attractive rates, impacting our ability to execute on our growth strategies or future acquisitions.
Any of our portfolio companies operating in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry are subject to extensive government regulation and certain other risks particular to that industry.
We invest in companies in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry. Our investments in portfolio companies that operate in this sector are subject to significant risks particular to that industry. The laws and rules governing the business of healthcare companies and interpretations of those laws and rules are subject to frequent change. Existing or future laws and rules could force our portfolio companies engaged in healthcare to change how they do business, restrict revenue, increase costs, change reserve levels and change business practices. Healthcare companies often must obtain and maintain regulatory approvals to market many of their products and change prices for certain regulated products. Delays in obtaining or failing to obtain or maintain these approvals could reduce revenue or increase costs. Policy changes on the local, state and federal levels, such as the expansion of the government’s role in the healthcare arena and alternative assessments and tax increases specific to the healthcare industry or healthcare products as part of federal health care reform initiatives, could fundamentally change the dynamics of the healthcare industry. In particular, health insurance reform could have a significant effect on our portfolio companies in this industry, and may force our portfolio companies in this industry to change how they do business. We can give no assurance that our portfolio companies will be able to adapt successfully in response to these changes.
Portfolio companies in the Health Care and Social Assistance industry may also have a limited number of suppliers of necessary components or a limited number of manufacturers for their products, and therefore face a risk of disruption to their manufacturing process if they are unable to find alternative suppliers when needed.
Any of these factors could materially adversely affect the operations of a portfolio company in this industry and, in turn, impair our ability to timely collect principal and interest payments owed to us.
The documents governing our Broadly Syndicated Loans, the loans to our portfolio companies and the loans underlying our CLO investments may allow for “priming transactions.”
The documents governing our Broadly Syndicated Loans, the loans to our portfolio companies and the loans underlying our CLO investments may allow for “priming transactions,” where majority lenders or debtors can amend the documents to the detriment of other lenders, in order to move collateral, or in order to facilitate capital outflow to other parties/subsidiaries in a capital structure, any of which may adversely affect our rights and security priority with respect to such loans or result in the loss of all or a significant part of such investment.
Our investments in private and middle-market portfolio companies are generally considered lower credit quality obligations, are risky, and we could lose all or part of our investment.
Investments in private and middle-market companies involve a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and we rely on the ability of OFS Advisor’s investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make fully informed investment decisions, and we may lose money on our investments. Middle-market companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations
under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment. Such companies typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions, market conditions and general economic downturns.
Middle-market companies are more likely to be considered lower grade investments, commonly called “junk bonds,” which are either rated below investment grade by one or more nationally-recognized statistical rating agencies at the time of investment, or may be unrated but determined by OFS Advisor to be of comparable quality. Lower grade securities or comparable unrated securities are considered predominantly speculative regarding the issuer’s ability to pay interest and principal, and are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to adverse economic and business developments. The market values for lower grade debt tend to be very volatile and are less liquid than investment grade securities. For these reasons, an investment in the Company is subject to the following specific risks: (i) increased price sensitivity due to a deteriorating economic environment; (ii) greater risk of loss due to default or declining credit quality; (iii) the inability to make interest and/or principal payments due to adverse company specific events; and (iv) depression of the price and liquidity of lower grade securities if a negative perception of the lower grade debt market develops. This negative perception could last for a significant period of time.
Additionally, middle-market companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons. Therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio companies and, in turn, on us. Middle-market companies may also be parties to litigation and may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence. In addition, our executive officers, directors and OFS Advisor may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in middle-market companies.
Investments in equity securities involve a substantial degree of risk.
We have purchased, and may purchase in the future, common stock and other equity securities, including warrants, in various portfolio companies. Although equity securities historically have generated higher average total returns than debt securities over the long term, equity securities may experience more volatility in those returns than debt securities. The equity securities we acquire may fail to appreciate, decline in value or lose all value, and our ability to recover our investment will depend on the portfolio company’s success. Investments in equity securities involve a number of significant risks, including the risk of further dilution in the event the portfolio company issues additional securities or the inability to transfer or sell these positions. Investments in preferred securities involve special risks, such as the risk of deferred distributions, illiquidity and limited voting rights.
Our equity ownership in a portfolio company may represent a control investment. Our ability to exit a control investment in a timely manner could result in a realized loss on the investment.
If we obtain a control investment in a portfolio company, our ability to divest ourselves from a debt or equity investment could be restricted due to illiquidity in a private stock, limited trading volume of a public company’s stock, inside information on a company’s performance, insider blackout periods, the governing documents of such an investment or other factors that could prohibit us from disposing of the investment as we would if it were not a control investment. Additionally, we may choose not to take certain actions to protect a debt investment in a control investment portfolio company. As a result, we could experience a decrease in the value of our portfolio company holdings and potentially incur a realized loss on the investment.
Our investments in Structured Finance Securities carry additional risks to the risks associated with investing in private debt.
In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities and structured products discussed herein, CLOs carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in CLOs are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; (iv) the potential of spread compression in the underlying loans of the CLO, which could reduce credit enhancement in the CLOs; and (v) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. CLO equity securities that we may acquire are subordinated to more senior tranches of CLO debt. CLO equity securities are subject to increased risks of default relative to the holders of superior priority interests in the same securities. In addition, at the time of issuance, CLO equity securities are under-collateralized in that the liabilities of a CLO at inception exceed its total assets. When we invest in a CLO, we may be in a first loss or subordinated position with respect to realized losses on the CLO’s assets. In addition, we may recognize phantom taxable income from our investments in the subordinated tranches of CLOs.
Between the closing date and the effective date of a CLO, the CLO collateral manager will generally expect to purchase additional collateral obligations for the CLO. During this period, the price and availability of these collateral
obligations may be adversely affected by a number of market factors, including price volatility and availability of investments suitable for the CLO, which could hamper the ability of the collateral manager to acquire a portfolio of collateral obligations that will satisfy specified concentration limitations and allow the CLO to reach the initial par amount of collateral prior to the effective date. An inability or delay in reaching the target initial par amount of collateral may adversely affect the timing and amount of interest or principal payments received by the holders of the CLO debt securities and distributions of the CLO on equity securities and could result in early redemptions which may cause CLO debt and equity investors to receive less than the face value of their investment.
In addition, the portfolios of certain CLOs in which we may invest may contain “covenant-lite” loans. Accordingly, to the extent we are exposed to “covenant-lite” loans, we may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants. Separately, we may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting CLO or any other investment we may make. If any of these occur, it could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
Our CLO investments will be exposed to leveraged credit risk. If a CLO does not meet certain minimum collateral value ratios and/or interest coverage ratios, primarily due to senior secured loan defaults, then cash flow that otherwise would have been available to pay us distributions may instead be used to redeem any senior notes or to purchase additional senior secured loans, until the ratios again exceed the minimum required levels or senior notes are repaid in full.
Our investments in Structured Finance Securities are more likely to suffer a loss of all or a portion of their value in the event of a default.
We may invest in Structured Finance Securities that comprise the equity tranche of CLOs, which are junior in priority of payment and are subject to certain payment restrictions generally set forth in an indenture governing such investments. In addition, Structured Finance Securities generally do not benefit from any creditors’ rights or ability to exercise remedies under the indenture governing such investments. Structured Finance Securities are not guaranteed by another party and are subject to greater risk than the secured notes issued by the CLO. CLOs are typically highly leveraged, utilizing up to approximately 9-13 times leverage, and therefore Structured Finance Securities are subject to a risk of total loss. There can be no assurance that distributions on the assets held by the CLO will be sufficient to make any distributions or that the yield on the Structured Finance Securities will meet our expectations.
CLOs generally may make payments on Structured Finance Securities only to the extent permitted by the payment priority provisions of an indenture governing the notes issued by the CLO. CLO indentures generally provide that principal payments on Structured Finance Securities may not be made on any payment date unless all amounts owing under secured notes are paid in full.
We will have no influence on the management of underlying investments managed by non-affiliated third-party CLO collateral managers.
We are not responsible for, and have no influence over, the asset management of the portfolios underlying the Structured Finance Securities we hold as those portfolios are managed by non-affiliated third-party CLO collateral managers. Similarly, we are not responsible for, and have no influence over, the day-to-day management, administration or any other aspect of the issuers of the CLOs. As a result, the values of the portfolios underlying our Structured Finance Securities could decrease as a result of decisions made by third-party CLO collateral managers.
We may suffer a loss if a portfolio company defaults on a loan and the underlying collateral is not sufficient.
We will, at times, take a security interest in the available assets of our portfolio companies, including the equity interests of their subsidiaries and, in some cases, the equity interests of our portfolio companies held by their stockholders. In the event of a default by a portfolio company on a secured loan, we will only have recourse to the assets collateralizing the loan. There is a risk that the collateral securing our loans may: (i) decrease in value over time; (ii) be difficult to sell in a timely manner; (iii) be difficult to appraise; and (iv) fluctuate in value based upon the success or deterioration of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of a portfolio company to raise additional capital. Additionally, in the case of certain of our investments, we do not have a first lien position on the collateral and may not receive the full value of the collateral upon liquidation. If the underlying collateral value is less than the loan amount, we will suffer a loss.
In the event of bankruptcy of a portfolio company, we may not have full recourse to its assets in order to satisfy our loan, or our loan may be subject to equitable subordination. In addition, certain of our loans are subordinate to other debt of the portfolio company. If a portfolio company defaults on our loan or on debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a portfolio company bankruptcy, our loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt receives payment. Where debt senior to our loan exists, the presence of inter-creditor arrangements may limit our ability to amend our loan documents, assign our loans, accept prepayments, exercise our remedies (through “standstill” periods) and control decisions made in bankruptcy proceedings
relating to the portfolio company. Bankruptcy and portfolio company litigation can significantly increase collection losses and the time needed for us to acquire the underlying collateral in the event of a default, during which time the collateral may decline in value, causing us to suffer losses.
Borrowers of Broadly Syndicated Loans may be permitted to designate unrestricted subsidiaries under the terms of their financing agreements, which would exclude such unrestricted subsidiaries from restrictive covenants under the financing agreement with the borrower. This would allow the borrower to take various actions with respect to the unrestricted subsidiary including, among other things, incur debt, grant security on its assets, sell assets, pay dividends or distribute shares of the unrestricted subsidiary to the borrower’s stockholders. Any of these actions could increase the amount of leverage that the borrower is able to incur and increase the risk involved in our investments in Broadly Syndicated Loans accordingly.
If the value of collateral underlying our loan declines or interest rates increase during the term of our loan, a portfolio company may not be able to obtain the necessary funds to repay our loan at maturity through refinancing. Decreasing collateral value and/or increasing interest rates may hinder a portfolio company’s ability to refinance our loan because the underlying collateral cannot satisfy the debt service coverage requirements necessary to obtain new financing. If a borrower is unable to repay our loan at maturity, we could suffer a loss which may adversely impact our financial performance.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
Most of our assets are presently invested in illiquid securities, and a substantial portion of our investments in leveraged companies is subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or is otherwise less liquid than more broadly traded public securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if the need arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded these investments. We may also face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the extent that we, OFS Advisor, OFSAM Holdings or any of its other affiliates have material nonpublic information regarding such portfolio company.
Price declines and illiquidity in the corporate debt markets may adversely affect the fair value of our portfolio investments, reducing our NAV through increased net unrealized depreciation.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by OFS Advisor, as our valuation designee. As part of the valuation process, OFS Advisor may take into account the following types of factors, if relevant, in determining the fair value of our investments:
•a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to publicly traded securities;
•the enterprise value of a portfolio company;
•the nature and realizable value of any collateral;
•the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flow;
•the markets in which the portfolio company does business; and
•changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets generally that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made in the future and other relevant factors.
When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, OFS Advisor will use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate the valuation. We will record decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments as unrealized depreciation. Declines in prices and liquidity in the corporate debt markets may result in significant net unrealized depreciation in our portfolio. The effect of all of these factors on our portfolio may reduce our NAV by increasing net unrealized depreciation in our portfolio. Depending on market conditions, we could incur substantial realized losses and may suffer additional unrealized losses in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are a non-diversified management investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.
We are classified as a non-diversified management investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, which means that we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, our NAV may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. Beyond our asset diversification requirements as a RIC under the Code, we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and our investments could be concentrated in relatively few portfolio companies.
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of portfolio companies and industries, which will subject us to a risk of significant loss if any of these companies default on their obligations under any of their debt instruments or if there is a downturn in a particular industry.
Although we believe our portfolio is well-diversified across companies and industries, our portfolio is, and may in the future be, concentrated in a limited number of portfolio companies and industries. As a result, the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment. Additionally, while we are not targeting investments in any specific industries, our investments may be concentrated in relatively few industries. As a result, a downturn in any particular industry in which we are invested could also significantly impact the aggregate returns we realize.
As of December 31, 2024, our common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc., a global manufacturer of high-purity pharmaceutical ingredients, based on its fair value of $89.3 million, $89.1 million of which represents unrealized appreciation, accounted for 22% of our total investment portfolio at fair value, or 52% of total net assets. A deterioration in this portfolio company’s operating performance or other factors underlying the valuation of this investment could have a material impact on our NAV.
Our failure to make follow-on investments in our portfolio companies could impair the value of our portfolio.
Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as “follow-on” investments, in seeking to:
•increase or maintain, in whole or in part, our position as a creditor or equity ownership percentage in a portfolio company;
•exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; or
•preserve or enhance the value of our investment.
We have discretion to make follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. The failure on our part to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, we may elect not to make a follow-on investment because: (i) we may not want to increase our level of risk; (ii) we prefer other opportunities; or (iii) we are inhibited by compliance with BDC requirements or the desire to maintain our RIC status. Our ability to make follow-on investments may also be limited by OFS Advisor’s allocation policy.
Because we generally do not hold controlling equity interests in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to exercise control over our portfolio companies or prevent decisions by management of our portfolio companies that could decrease the value of our investments.
We generally do not hold controlling equity positions in our portfolio companies. For portfolio companies in which we do not hold a controlling equity interest, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company may make business decisions with which we disagree, and that the management and/or stockholders of a portfolio company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that are adverse to our interests. Due to the lack of liquidity of the debt and equity investments that we typically hold in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event we disagree with the actions of a portfolio company and may therefore suffer a decrease in the value of our investments.
Defaults by our portfolio companies will harm our operating results.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its assets. This could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize such portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
We have invested a substantial portion of our capital in senior secured, unitranche, second lien and subordinated loans issued by our portfolio companies. The portfolio companies may be permitted to incur other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt securities in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments in respect of the debt securities in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying senior
creditors, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use to repay its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt securities in which we invest, we would have to share any distributions on an equal and ratable basis with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
Additionally, certain loans that we make to portfolio companies may be secured on a second-priority basis by the same collateral securing first-priority debt of such companies. The senior-secured liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by first-priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the loan obligations secured by the second-priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first-priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the loan obligations secured by the second-priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, would only have an unsecured claim against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.
The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing the loans we make to our portfolio companies with more senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of such senior debt. Under a typical intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first-priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first-priority liens:
•the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral;
•the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings;
•the approval of amendments to collateral documents;
•releases of liens on the collateral; and
•waivers of past defaults under collateral documents.
We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if our rights are adversely affected.
We may also make unsecured loans to portfolio companies, meaning that such loans will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on such portfolio companies’ collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured loan agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy our unsecured loan obligations after payment in full of all secured loan obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured loan obligations, then our unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.
If we make subordinated debt investments, the obligors or the portfolio companies may not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations to us.
We make subordinated investments that rank below other obligations of the obligor in right of payment. Subordinated investments are subject to greater risk of default than senior obligations as a result of adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions. If we make a subordinated investment in a portfolio company, the portfolio company may be highly leveraged, and its relatively high debt-to-equity ratio may create increased risks that its operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service all of its debt obligations.
The disposition of our investments may result in contingent liabilities.
A significant portion of our investments involve private securities. In connection with the disposition of an investment in private securities, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of the portfolio company typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations turn out to be inaccurate, or we may be required to repurchase the
securities, in each case resulting in potential liabilities. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities that ultimately result in funding obligations that we must satisfy through our return of distributions previously made to us.
We may expose ourselves to risks if we engage in hedging transactions.
While we do not currently engage in hedging transactions, if we were to engage in hedging transactions, we would expose ourselves to risks associated with such transactions. We may utilize instruments such as forward contracts, currency options and interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in currency exchange rates and market interest rates.
Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions does not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline. However, such hedging can establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions increase. Moreover, it may not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation at an acceptable price for anticipated fluctuations.
The success of our hedging transactions will depend on our ability to correctly predict movements in currencies and interest rates. Therefore, while we may enter into such transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates may result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged may vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to (or be able to) establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies because the value of those securities is likely to fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations.
Investments in securities of foreign companies, if any, may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments.
The 1940 Act generally requires that 70% of our investments be in issuers each of whom is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands or any other possession of the United States. We expect that these investments would focus on the same debt investments that we make in U.S. middle-market companies and/or Broadly Syndicated Loans and, accordingly, would be complementary to our overall strategy and enhance the diversity of our holdings. However, our investments in CLO securities are generally made in non-U.S. entities.
Investing in non-U.S. portfolio companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies, including changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation and imposition of foreign taxes. In addition, any investments that we make that are denominated in a foreign currency will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Factors such as trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments may affect currency values. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but we cannot assure you that we will, in fact, hedge currency risk, or, that if we do, such strategies will be effective. Further, we may have difficulty enforcing creditor’s rights in non-U.S. jurisdictions.
We may not realize gains from our equity investments.
When we invest in senior secured, unitranche, second lien and subordinated loans, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities of portfolio companies as well. We may also invest in equity securities directly. To the extent we hold equity investments, we will attempt to dispose of them and realize gains upon our disposition of them. However, the equity interests we invest in may not appreciate in value and may decline in value. As a result, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
We and our investments are subject to interest rate risk.
Since we may incur leverage to make investments, our net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds.
In a rising interest rate environment, any leverage that we incur may bear a higher interest rate than may currently be available to us. There may not, however, be a corresponding increase in our investment income. In the event that our interest expense were to increase relative to income, it might reduce our ability to service the interest obligations on, and to repay the
principal of, our indebtedness, and our net investment income could be adversely impacted, as well as our capacity to pay distributions to our stockholders.
The fair value of certain of our investments may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates. Although senior secured loans are generally floating rate instruments, our investments in senior secured loans, including those made indirectly through our investments in CLO securities, are sensitive to interest rate levels and volatility. Although CLOs are generally structured to mitigate the risk of interest rate mismatch, there may be some difference between the timing of interest rate resets on the assets and liabilities of a CLO. Such a mismatch in timing could have a negative effect on the amount of funds distributed to CLO equity investors. In addition, CLOs may not be able to enter into hedge agreements, even if it may otherwise be in the best interests of the CLO to hedge such interest rate risk. Furthermore, in a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, loan defaults may increase, resulting in losses for the loans and CLOs in which we invest and result in credit losses that may adversely affect our cash flow, fair value of our assets and operating results.
In addition, increasing interest rates may lead to higher prepayment rates, as corporate borrowers look to avoid escalating interest payments or refinance floating rate loans. Further, a general rise in interest rates will increase the financing costs of CLOs.
SOFR Floor Risk. Because CLOs generally issue debt on a floating rate basis, an increase in SOFR will increase the financing costs of CLOs. Many of the senior secured loans held by these CLOs have SOFR floors such that, when SOFR is below the stated SOFR floor, the stated SOFR floor (rather than SOFR itself) is used to determine the interest payable under the loans. Therefore, if SOFR increases but stays below the average SOFR floor rate of the senior secured loans held by a CLO, there would not be a corresponding increase in the investment income of such CLOs. The combination of increased financing costs without a corresponding increase in investment income in such a scenario would result in smaller distributions to equity holders of a CLO.
Reference Rate Risk. As of September 30, 2024, no settings of LIBOR continue to be published. On March 15, 2022, the Consolidation Appropriations Act of 2022, which includes the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (“LIBOR Act”), was signed into law in the United States. This legislation established a uniform benchmark replacement process for certain financial contracts that matured after June 30, 2023 that do not contain clearly defined or practicable LIBOR fallback provisions. The Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule in December 2022 implementing the LIBOR Act and specified benchmarks based on SOFR.
Although the transition process away from LIBOR has become increasingly well-defined, the transition process is complex. SOFR appears to be the preferred replacement rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR, but it is unclear if other benchmarks may emerge. These developments and the use of SOFR or other alternative reference rates could have adverse impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that continue to rely on LIBOR or which have been transitioned away from LIBOR to a different rate like SOFR and, in any case, could result in a reduction in the value of certain investments held by us.
Benchmark Rate Mismatch. Many underlying corporate borrowers can elect to pay interest based on 1-month term SOFR, 3-month term SOFR and/or other term SOFR or benchmark rates in respect of the loans held by CLOs in which we are invested, in each case plus an applicable spread, whereas CLOs generally pay interest to holders of the CLO’s debt tranches based on 3-month term SOFR plus a spread. The 3-month term SOFR rate may fluctuate in excess of other potential term SOFR or other benchmark rates, which may result in many underlying corporate borrowers electing to pay interest based on a shorter or different, but in any event, lower term SOFR or other benchmark rate. This mismatch in the rate at which CLOs earn interest and the rate at which they pay interest on their debt tranches negatively impacts the cash flows on a CLO’s equity tranche, which may in turn adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations. Unless spreads are adjusted to account for such increases, these negative impacts may worsen as the amount by which the 3-month term rate exceeds such other chosen term SOFR or other benchmark rate.
Also, given the structure of the incentive fee payable to OFS Advisor, a general increase in interest rates would likely have the effect of making it easier for OFS Advisor to meet the quarterly hurdle rate for payment of income incentive fees under the Investment Advisory Agreement without any additional increase in relative performance on the part of OFS Advisor.
Risks Related to Our Securities and an Investment in our Common Stock
There is a risk that stockholders may not receive distributions or that our distributions may not grow over time and a portion of our distributions may be a return of capital.
We have made distributions on a quarterly basis to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure stockholders that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. Our ability to pay distributions might be adversely affected by the
impact of one or more of the risk factors described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Due to the asset coverage test applicable to us under the 1940 Act as a BDC, we may be limited in our ability to make distributions.
When we make distributions, we will be required to determine the extent to which such distributions are paid out of current or accumulated taxable (or tax-basis) earnings and profits. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of an investor’s basis in our stock and, assuming that an investor holds our stock as a capital asset, thereafter as a capital gain. A return of capital is a return to stockholders of a portion of their original investment in us rather than income or capital gains.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate and decrease significantly.
As with any stock, the market price of our common stock will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. Our common stock is intended for long-term investors and should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of BDCs frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. The market price and liquidity in the market for shares of our common stock may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include:
•significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of BDCs or other companies in our sector, which is not necessarily related to the operating performance of these companies;
•exclusion of our common stock from certain market indices, such as the Russell 2000 Financial Services Index, which could reduce the ability of certain investment funds to own our common stock and put short-term selling pressure on our common stock;
•changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines, particularly with respect to RICs or BDCs;
•loss of RIC or BDC status;
•our origination activity, including the pace of, and competition for, new investment opportunities;
•our ability to incur additional leverage pursuant to Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act and the impact of such leverage on our net investment income and results of operations;
•changes, or perceived changes, in earnings or variations in operating results;
•changes, or perceived changes, in the value of our portfolio of investments, including upon the sale or disposition of any such investments;
•changes in accounting guidelines governing the valuation of our investments;
•any shortfall in revenue or net income or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors or securities analysts;
•the inability to secure additional debt or equity capital or to exit portfolio company investments;
•potential future sales of common stock or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock or the conversion of such securities;
•departure of OFS Advisor’s, OFSC’s or any of their affiliates’ key personnel;
•operating performance of companies comparable to us;
•general economic trends and other external factors; and/or
•loss of a major funding source.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
The shares of our common stock beneficially owned by our principal stockholders, including OFSAM Holdings, are generally available for resale, subject to the provisions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act unless registered for sale under the Securities Act. OFSAM Holdings is entitled to the benefits of a registration rights agreement granting OFSAM Holdings the right to require us to register its shares for resale. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the availability of such common stock for sale, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for our common stock. If this
occurs and continues, it could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities should we desire to do so.
Certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law and our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
The Delaware General Corporation Law, our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us. We have also adopted measures that may make it difficult for a third party to obtain control of us, including provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation dividing our Board into three classes with the term of one class expiring at each annual meeting of stockholders. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change in control in circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price of our common stock.
Our common stock may trade below its NAV per share, which limits our ability to raise additional equity capital.
If our common stock is trading below its NAV per share, we will generally not be able to issue additional shares of our common stock at its market price without first obtaining the approval for such issuance from our stockholders and our independent directors. Shares of BDCs, including shares of our common stock, have historically traded at discounts to their NAVs. As of December 31, 2024, our NAV per share was $12.85 and the closing price of our common shares on The Nasdaq Global Select Market was $8.07. If our common stock trades below NAV, the higher the cost of equity capital may result in it being unattractive to raise new equity, which may limit our ability to grow. The risk of trading below NAV is separate and distinct from the risk that our NAV per share may decline. We cannot predict whether shares of our common stock will trade above, at or below our NAV.
If we issue preferred stock, debt securities or convertible debt securities, the NAV of our common stock may become more volatile.
We cannot assure the holders of our common stock that the issuance of preferred stock and/or debt securities would result in a higher yield or return to the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, debt securities or convertible debt would likely cause the NAV of our common stock to become more volatile. If the dividend rate on the preferred stock, or the interest rate on the debt securities, were to approach the net rate of return on our investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the holders of our common stock would be reduced. If the dividend rate on the preferred stock, or the interest rate on the debt securities, were to exceed the net rate of return on our portfolio, the use of leverage would result in a lower rate of return to the holders of common stock than if we had not issued the preferred stock or debt securities. Any decline in the NAV of our investment would be borne entirely by the holders of our common stock. Therefore, if the market value of our portfolio were to decline, the leverage would result in a greater decrease in NAV to the holders of our common stock than if we were not leveraged through the issuance of preferred stock.
There is also a risk that, in the event of a sharp decline in the value of our net assets, we would be in danger of: (i) failing to maintain the required asset coverage ratios which may be required by the preferred stock, debt securities, convertible debt or units; (ii) a downgrade in the ratings of the preferred stock, debt securities, convertible debt or units; or (iii) our current investment income not being sufficient to meet the dividend requirements on the preferred stock or the interest payments on the debt securities. If we do not maintain our required asset coverage ratios, we may not be permitted to declare dividends. In order to counteract such an event, we might need to liquidate investments in order to fund redemption of some or all of the preferred stock, debt securities or convertible debt. In addition, we would pay (and the holders of our common stock would bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and ongoing maintenance of the preferred stock, debt securities, convertible debt or any combination of these securities. Holders of preferred stock, debt securities or convertible debt may have different interests than holders of common stock and may, at times, have disproportionate influence over our affairs.
Holders of any preferred stock that we may issue will have the right to elect members of our Board and have class voting rights on certain matters.
The 1940 Act requires that holders of shares of preferred stock must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if dividends on such preferred stock are in arrears by two years or more, until such arrearage is eliminated. In addition, certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred stock, including changes in fundamental investment restrictions and conversion to open-end status and, accordingly, preferred stockholders could veto any such changes. Restrictions imposed on the declarations and payment of dividends or other distributions to the holders of our common stock and preferred stock, both by the 1940 Act and by requirements imposed by rating agencies, might impair our ability to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Our Unsecured Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we have currently incurred or may incur in the future and will rank pari passu with, or equal to, all outstanding and future unsecured, unsubordinated indebtedness issued by us and our general liabilities.
Our Unsecured Notes are not secured by any of our assets or any of the assets of any of our subsidiaries. As a result, the Unsecured Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we or our subsidiaries have outstanding (including the Banc of California Credit Facility and the BNP Facility) or that we or our subsidiaries may incur in the future (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured and to which we subsequently grant a security interest) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our secured indebtedness or secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Unsecured Notes.
The Unsecured Notes are structurally subordinated to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.
The Unsecured Notes are obligations exclusively of the Company, and not of any of our subsidiaries. None of our subsidiaries are a guarantor of the Unsecured Notes, and the Unsecured Notes will not be required to be guaranteed by any subsidiary we may acquire or create in the future. Any assets of our subsidiaries will not be directly available to satisfy the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Unsecured Notes. Except to the extent we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, all claims of creditors of our subsidiaries will have priority over our equity interests in such entities (and therefore the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Unsecured Notes) with respect to the assets of such entities. Even if we are recognized as a creditor of one or more of these entities, our claims would still be effectively subordinated to any security interests in the assets of any such entity and to any indebtedness or other liabilities of any such entity senior to our claims. Consequently, the Unsecured Notes will be structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, of any of our existing or future subsidiaries, including SBIC I LP and OFSCC-FS. Certain of these entities currently serve as guarantors under the Banc of California Credit Facility or the BNP Facility, and in the future our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness, all of which is and would be structurally senior to the Unsecured Notes.
The indenture under which the Unsecured Notes were issued contains limited protection for holders of the Unsecured Notes.
The indenture under which the Unsecured Notes were issued offers limited protection to holders of the Unsecured Notes. The terms of the indenture and the Unsecured Notes do not restrict our or any of our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in, or otherwise be a party to, a variety of corporate transactions, circumstances or events that could have a material adverse impact on your investment in the Unsecured Notes. In particular, the terms of the indenture and the Unsecured Notes will not place any restrictions on our or our subsidiaries’ ability to:
• issue securities or otherwise incur additional indebtedness or other obligations, including: (i) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be equal in right of payment to the Unsecured Notes; (ii) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be secured and therefore rank effectively senior in right of payment to the Unsecured Notes to the extent of the values of the assets securing such debt; (iii) our indebtedness that is guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries and which therefore is structurally senior to the Unsecured Notes; and (iv) securities, indebtedness or obligations issued or incurred by our subsidiaries that would be senior to our equity interests in those entities and therefore rank structurally senior to the Unsecured Notes with respect to the assets of our subsidiaries, in each case other than an incurrence of indebtedness or other obligation that would cause a violation of Section 18(a)(1)(A), as modified by the provisions of Section 61(a), of the 1940 Act as may be applicable to us from time to time, or any successor provisions, whether or not we continue to be subject to such provisions of the 1940 Act, but giving effect, in each case, to any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC. Currently, these provisions generally prohibit us from making additional borrowings, including through the issuance of additional debt or the sale of additional debt securities, unless our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% (now 150%, effective since May 3, 2019) after such borrowings. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019”;
• pay dividends on, or purchase or redeem or make any payments in respect of, capital stock or other securities ranking junior in right of payment to the Unsecured Notes, including subordinated indebtedness, in each case, other than dividends, purchases, redemptions or payments that would cause our asset coverage to fall below the threshold specified in Section 18(a)(1)(B), as modified by the provisions of Section 61(a), of the 1940 Act as may be applicable to us from time to time, or any successor provisions, giving effect to: (i) any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC; and (ii) any no-action relief granted by the SEC to another BDC (or to us if we determine to seek such similar no-action or other relief) permitting the BDC to declare any cash dividend or distribution notwithstanding the prohibition contained in Section 18(a)(1)(B), as modified by the provisions of Section 61(a), of the 1940 Act as may be applicable to us from time to time in order to maintain the BDC’s status as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code.
These provisions generally prohibit us from declaring any cash dividend or distribution upon any class of our capital stock, or purchasing any such capital stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is below 200% (now 150%, effective since May 3, 2019) at the time of the declaration of the dividend or distribution or the purchase and after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019”;
• sell assets (other than certain limited restrictions on our ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets);
• enter into transactions with affiliates;
• create liens (including liens on the shares of our subsidiaries) or enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
• make investments; or
• create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our subsidiaries.
In addition, the indenture does not require us to make an offer to purchase the Unsecured Notes in connection with a change of control or any other event.
Furthermore, the terms of the indenture and the Unsecured Notes do not protect holders of the Unsecured Notes in the event that we experience changes (including significant adverse changes) in our financial condition, results of operations or credit ratings, if any, as they do not require that we or our subsidiaries adhere to any financial tests or ratios or specified levels of net worth, revenues, income, cash flow, or liquidity.
Our ability to recapitalize, incur additional debt (including additional debt that matures prior to the maturity of the Unsecured Notes), and take a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the Unsecured Notes may have important consequences for holders of the Unsecured Notes, including making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Unsecured Notes or negatively affecting the trading value of the Unsecured Notes.
Other debt we issue or incur in the future could contain more protections for its holders than the indenture and the Unsecured Notes, including additional covenants and events of default. The issuance or incurrence of any such debt with incremental protections could affect the market for, trading levels, and prices of the Unsecured Notes.
We may choose to redeem the Unsecured Notes when prevailing interest rates are relatively low.
We may choose to redeem the Unsecured Notes Due October 2028 (without a prepayment penalty) or the Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 (subject to a prepayment penalty through November 9, 2025) at any time prior to their respective maturities, especially if prevailing interest rates are lower than the rate borne by the Unsecured Notes. If prevailing rates are lower at the time of redemption, and we redeem the Unsecured Notes, Unsecured Note holders would likely not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as the interest rate on the Unsecured Notes being redeemed. Our redemption right may also adversely impact Unsecured Note holders’ ability to sell the Unsecured Notes.
General Risk Factors
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results.
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including the interest rate payable on the debt securities we acquire, the default rate on such securities, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, variations in the timing and recognition of any non-recurring fee or dividend income, distributions from portfolio companies, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. In light of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.
We incur significant costs as a result of being a publicly traded company.
As a publicly traded company, we incur legal, accounting and other expenses, including costs associated with the periodic reporting requirements applicable to a company whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act, as well as additional corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules implemented by the SEC.
We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility, and compliance with ESG-related regulations may impose additional capital and operational expenditures on our business.
Our business faces increasing public scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) activities, which are perceived to contribute to the long-term sustainability of a company’s performance. A variety of organizations measure the performance of companies on ESG topics, and the results of these assessments are widely publicized.
ESG integration and responsible investing practices as a whole are rapidly evolving. and there are different principles, frameworks, methodologies and tracking tools being implemented. Our adherence to such principles, frameworks, methodologies and tools may vary over time. We risk damage to our brand and reputation if we fail to act (or are perceived to not act) responsibly in a number of areas, such as diversity, equity and inclusion, environmental stewardship, corporate governance, support for local communities and transparency and considering ESG factors in our investment processes. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG activities could impact the value of our brand, the cost of our operations and our relationships with investors, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. At the same time, there are various approaches to responsible investing activities and divergent views on the consideration of ESG topics. These differing views increase the risk that any action or lack thereof with respect to any ESG activities will be perceived negatively. “Anti-ESG” sentiment has gained momentum across the U.S., with several states having enacted or proposed “anti-ESG” policies and legislation or issued related legal opinions. If investors subject to such legislation view any of our ESG activities as being in contradiction of such “anti-ESG” policies, legislation or legal opinions, such investors may not invest in us and it could negatively affect the price of our common stock.
We may be subject to disclosure laws and regulations related to a range of sustainability matters, including greenhouse gas emissions; climate change risks; diversity, equity and inclusion; and human rights matters. For example, in March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules intended to enhance and standardize climate-related disclosures by public companies and in public offerings; these rules are stayed pending the outcome of consolidated legal challenges in the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. In 2023, California passed the Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act and Climate-Related Financial Risk Act, which will impose broad climate-related disclosure obligations on U.S.-organized entities that meet certain revenue thresholds and do business in California, as well as the Voluntary Carbon Market Disclosures Act, which is focused on the voluntary carbon market for carbon credits but also includes disclosure requirements for companies with a required nexus to California making certain climate-related claims. Other jurisdictions have also enacted or are considering enacting mandatory climate and sustainability reporting laws as well as laws requiring reporting of information on other ESG topics, such as human capital. Compliance with such laws, if they survive any legal challenges, may require the implementation of or changes to systems and procedures for the collection and processing of relevant data and related internal and external controls, changes to management and/or operational obligations, and dedication of substantial time and financial resources. The compliance burden and related costs may increase over time. Failure to comply with applicable laws may lead to investigations and audits, fines, other enforcement action or liabilities, or reputational damage.
There are a number of different principles, frameworks, and/or methodologies for integrating sustainability-related incentives, mandates, and/or reporting requirements into financing arrangements. Any principles, frameworks, and/or methodologies which we anticipate referencing and/or utilizing may not align with our peers and/or those preferred by prospective investors. In addition, unless otherwise stated in our regulatory disclosures, no assurance is given that any of our financing arrangements will align with particular market frameworks.
Regulatory initiatives related to ESG, and the scope and timing of these initiatives, could also adversely affect our business. Compliance with any new laws or regulations increases our regulatory burden and could make compliance more difficult and expensive, affect the manner in which we or our investments conduct business and adversely affect our profitability.
Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business or the business of our portfolio companies by causing a disruption to our operations or the operations of our portfolio companies, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information or the confidential information of our portfolio companies and/or damage to our business relationships or the business relationships of our portfolio companies, all of which could negatively impact the business, financial condition and operating results of us or our portfolio companies.
A cybersecurity incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of the information resources of us or our portfolio companies. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems or those of our portfolio companies or third-party vendors for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions, including by computer hackers, nation-state affiliated actors, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Despite careful security and controls design, our information technology systems and the information technology systems of our portfolio
companies and our third-party vendors, may be subject to security breaches and cyber-attacks, the result of which may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen assets or information, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation damage to business relationships and damage to our competitiveness, stock price, and long-term stockholder value. The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. As our, our portfolio companies’ and our third-party vendors’ reliance on technology which may also include embedded artificial intelligence (“AI”) has increased, so have the risks posed to our information systems, both internally and those provided by OFS Services and third-party service providers, and the information systems of our portfolio companies. OFS Advisor has implemented processes, procedures and internal controls to help mitigate cybersecurity risks and cyber intrusions, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of the nature and extent of a risk of a cyber incident, do not guarantee that a cyber incident will not occur and/or that our financial results, operations or confidential information will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.
In addition, cybersecurity has become a top priority for regulators around the world, including the SEC, and some jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases, are designed not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we and our service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us and our service providers to entirely mitigate this risk. Cybersecurity risks require continuous and increasing attention and other resources from us to, among other actions, identify and quantify these risks and upgrade and expand our technologies, systems and processes to adequately address such risks. Such attention diverts time and other resources from other activities and there is no assurance that our efforts will be effective. If we fail to comply with relevant laws and regulations, we could suffer financial losses, a disruption of our businesses, liability to investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. Further, the increased use of mobile and cloud technologies due to the proliferation of remote work resulting from new flexible work arrangements have heightened our and our portfolio companies’ vulnerability to a cybersecurity risk or incident. Reliance on mobile or cloud technology or any failure by mobile technology and cloud service providers to adequately safeguard systems could disrupt our operations, the operations of a portfolio company or the operations of our or their service providers and result in misappropriation, corruption or loss of personal, confidential or proprietary information or the inability to conduct business operations. In addition, remote working, whether by us, our portfolio companies, or our service providers, could strain technology resources, introduce operational risks and otherwise heighten the risks described above.
Increased data protection regulation may result in increased complexities and risk in connection with the operation of our business.
We operate in businesses that are highly dependent on information systems and technology. The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. Cybersecurity has become a priority for regulators in the U.S. and around the world. Many jurisdictions in which we or our portfolio companies may operate have laws and regulations relating to data privacy, cybersecurity and protection of personal information, and many of these laws and regulations can be inconsistent across jurisdictions and are subject to evolving and, at times, conflicting interpretations. Government officials and regulators, privacy advocates and class action attorneys are increasingly scrutinizing how companies collect, process, use, store, share and transmit personal data. This scrutiny can result in new and shifting interpretations of existing laws, thereby further impacting our business. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom continues to be interpreted by European and UK courts in novel ways, leading to shifting requirements, country specific differences in application and uncertain enforcement priorities. More recently, new and emerging state laws in the United States on privacy, data and related technologies, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act and the California Privacy Rights Act, as well as industry self-regulatory codes and regulatory requirements, create new privacy and security compliance obligations and expand the scope of potential liability, either jointly or severally with our customers and suppliers. As a security example, pursuant to the SEC’s Rules on Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure, we are required to make certain disclosures related to material cybersecurity incidents and the reasonably likely impact of such an incident on Form 8-K and will be required to make certain other cybersecurity disclosures, including in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Determining whether a cybersecurity incident is notifiable or reportable may not be straightforward and any such mandatory disclosures could be costly and lead to negative publicity, loss of customer confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, diversion of management’s attention and governmental investigations. Non-compliance with any of the aforementioned laws, rules or regulations or other similar laws, rules and regulations, represents a serious risk to our business. Some jurisdictions have also enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data. Breaches in security could potentially jeopardize our, our employees’ or our investors’ or counterparties’ confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our employees’, our investors’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, which could result in significant losses, increased costs, disruption of
our business, liability to our investors and other counterparties, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. Furthermore, if we fail to comply with the relevant laws and regulations, it could result in regulatory investigations and penalties.
We are subject to risks associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning technology.
Recent technological advances in AI and machine learning technology (“Machine Learning Technology”), including OpenAI’s release of its ChatGPT applications, pose risks to us, OFS Advisor and any third parties that we engage with. We could be exposed to the risks associated with AI and Machine Learning Technology if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to us, use such technologies in their business activities. We and OFS Advisor are not in a position to control the use of AI and Machine Learning Technology in third-party products or services. Use of AI and Machine Learning Technology could include the input of confidential information in contravention of applicable policies, contractual or other obligations or restrictions, resulting in such confidential information becoming improperly disseminated. AI and Machine Learning Technology and their applications, including in the private investment and financial sectors, continue to develop rapidly, and we cannot predict the risks that may arise from such developments.
A failure to effectively adopt or utilize AI to improve productivity or the analytical abilities of our investment professionals may put us at a competitive disadvantage and affect our business and results of operations. AI and Machine Learning Technology are generally highly reliant on the collection and analysis of large amounts of data. Certain data in such models will inevitably contain a degree of inaccuracy and error and could otherwise be inadequate or flawed, which would likely degrade the effectiveness of AI and Machine Learning Technology. To the extent we are exposed to the risks of AI and Machine Learning Technology use, any such inaccuracies or errors could adversely impact us and our business.
We are subject to risks in using custodians, counterparties, administrators and other agents.
We depend on the services of custodians, counterparties, administrators and other agents to carry out certain transactions and other administrative services, including compliance with regulatory requirements in U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions. We are subject to risks of errors and mistakes made by these third parties, which may be attributed to us and subject us or our stockholders to reputational damage, penalties or losses. We depend on third parties to provide primary and backup communications and information systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third-party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in our activities. Our financial, accounting, data processing, portfolio monitoring, backup or other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control. The terms of the contracts with third-party service providers are often customized and complex, and many of these arrangements occur in markets or relate to products that are not subject to regulatory oversight. Accordingly, we may be unsuccessful in seeking reimbursement or indemnification from these third-party service providers. In addition, we rely on a select number of third-party service providers and replacement of any one of our service providers could be difficult and result in disruption and expense.
Increased geopolitical unrest, terrorist attacks, acts of war, global health emergencies or natural disasters may impact the businesses in which we invest and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Terrorist activity and the continued threat of terrorism and acts of civil or international hostility, acts of war, global health emergencies or natural disasters as well as government responses to these types of threats, may disrupt our operations, as well as the operations of the businesses in which we invest. Such acts have created, and continue to create, economic and political uncertainties and have contributed to global economic instability. Future terrorist activities, acts of war, global health emergencies or natural disasters could further affect the domestic and global economies and create additional uncertainties, which may negatively impact the businesses in which we invest directly or indirectly and, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Losses from terrorist attacks, global health emergencies and natural disasters are generally uninsurable.
Further downgrades of the U.S. credit rating, impending automatic spending cuts or a government shutdown could negatively impact our liquidity, financial condition and earnings.
The current global financial market environment, as well as various social and political tensions in the United States and around the world, may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets and may cause economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the United States. Although U.S. lawmakers have passed legislation to raise the federal debt ceiling on multiple occasions, ratings agencies have previously lowered, or threatened to lower, the long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States.
The impact of this or any further downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. These developments
could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time and may lead to additional U.S. federal government shutdowns. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

---

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.

---

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
We do not own or lease any real estate or other physical properties material to our operation. Our headquarters are located at 10 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 2500, Chicago, IL, 60606, and are provided by OFS Services pursuant to the Administration Agreement. Additional operations are conducted from offices in New York, New York and Los Angeles, California, which are also provided by OFS Services pursuant to the Administration Agreement. We believe that our office facilities are suitable and adequate for our business as we contemplate continuing to conduct it.

---

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We, OFS Advisor and OFS Services, are not currently subject to any material pending legal proceedings threatened against us as of December 31, 2024. From time to time, we may be a party to certain legal proceedings incidental to the normal course of our business including the enforcement of our rights under contracts with our portfolio companies. Furthermore, third parties may try to seek to impose liability on us in connection with the activities of our portfolio companies. While the outcome of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these proceedings will have a material effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

---

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

---

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
COMMON STOCK AND HOLDERS
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “OFS”. The last reported sale price for our common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on February 27, 2025 was $8.45 per share. As of February 27, 2025, there were three holders of record of the common stock, one of which was OFSAM Holdings. A holder of record does not identify stockholders for whom shares are held beneficially in “nominee” or “street name”.
The following table lists the high and low intraday sale price for our common stock, NAV per share, and the cash distributions per share that we have declared on our common stock for each fiscal quarter during the last two most recently completed fiscal years. The stock quotations are inter-dealer quotations and do not include markups, markdowns or commissions.
NAV Per Share(1)
Price Range Premium (Discount) of High Sales Price to NAV Premium (Discount) of Low Sales Price to NAV Cash Distribution per Share
Period High Low
Fiscal 2024
Fourth Quarter $ 12.85 $ 8.98 $ 7.81 -30.1 % -39.2 % $ 0.34
Third Quarter
$ 11.29 $ 9.35 $ 7.75 -17.2 % -31.4 % $ 0.34
Second Quarter $ 11.51 $ 10.14 $ 8.42 -11.9 % -26.8 % $ 0.34
First Quarter $ 11.08 $ 12.07 $ 9.53 8.9 % -14.0 % $ 0.34
Fiscal 2023
Fourth Quarter $ 12.09 $ 12.41 $ 9.69 2.6 % -19.9 % $ 0.34
Third Quarter
$ 12.74 $ 12.44 $ 9.51 -2.4 % -25.4 % $ 0.34
Second Quarter $ 12.94 $ 11.01 $ 9.10 -14.9 % -29.7 % $ 0.33
First Quarter $ 13.42 $ 10.92 $ 9.60 -18.6 % -28.5 % $ 0.33
(1)NAV per share is determined as of the last day in the relevant quarter and therefore may not reflect the NAV per share on the date of the high and low sales prices. The NAVs shown are based on outstanding shares at the end of each period.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Stock Repurchase Program
On May 22, 2018, the Board authorized the Stock Repurchase Program under which we could acquire up to $10.0 million of our outstanding common stock through the two-year period ending May 22, 2020. On each of May 4, 2020 and May 3, 2022, the Board extended the Stock Repurchase Program for additional two-year periods. On April 30, 2024, the Board extended the Stock Repurchase Program for an additional two-year period through May 22, 2026. Under the extended Stock Repurchase Program, we are authorized to repurchase shares in open-market transactions, including through block purchases, depending on prevailing market conditions and other factors. We expect the Stock Repurchase Program to be in place through May 22, 2026, or until the approved dollar amount has been used to repurchase shares. The Stock Repurchase Program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares, and all repurchases will be made in accordance with SEC Rule 10b-18, which sets certain restrictions on the method, timing, price and volume of stock repurchases. The Stock Repurchase Program may be extended, modified or discontinued at any time for any reason. We have provided our stockholders with notice of our intention to repurchase shares of our common stock in accordance with 1940 Act requirements. We retire all shares of common stock that we purchase in connection with the Stock Repurchase Program. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we did not make any repurchases of our common stock.
The following table summarizes the shares of common stock that we repurchased under the Stock Repurchase Program during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands except shares):
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Program Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 42,254 $ 8.30 42,254 $ 9,642
January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023 - - - 9,642
January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 - - - 9,642
Total 42,254 $ 8.30 42,254 $ 9,642
Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)
During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were $0.3 million of distributions reinvested under the DRIP. For additional information concerning the DRIP, see Note 10 of our consolidated financial statements in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Sales of Unregistered Securities
We did not sell any securities during the period covered by this Annual Report that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Stock Performance Graph
This graph compares the return on our common stock with that of the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Stock Index, the Russell 1000 Index and the S&P BDC Index, for the last 10 fiscal years. The graph assumes that, on December 31, 2014, a person invested $10,000 in our common stock, the S&P 500 Stock Index, the Russell 1000 Index and the S&P BDC Index. The graph measures total stockholder return, which takes into account changes in stock price and assumes reinvestment of all dividends and distributions prior to any tax effect.
Annualized Total Returns
1 Year 5 Year 10 Year 10 Year - Cumulative
OFS Capital Corporation (19.7) % 6.7 % 8.9 % 134.6 %
S&P 500 25.0 % 14.5 % 13.1 % 242.5 %
S&P BDC Index 16.6 % 11.0 % 9.3 % 142.2 %
Russell 1000 24.5 % 14.3 % 12.9 % 235.6 %
The graph and other information under the heading “Stock Performance Graph” in Part II Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is “furnished” and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Exchange Act. The stock price performance included in the above graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. The table does not reflect the deduction of taxes that a stockholder would pay on fund distributions or the sale of fund shares.
Fees and Expenses
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that you will bear directly or indirectly. We caution you that the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “us,” “the Company” or “OFS Capital,” or that “we” will pay fees or expenses, you will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as an investor in OFS Capital.
Stockholder transaction expenses:
Sales load borne by us (as a percentage of offering price) - % (1)
Offering expenses borne by us (as a percentage of offering price) - % (2)
DRIP fees (per sales transaction fee) $15.00 (3)
Total Stockholder transaction expenses (as a percentage of offering price) - %
Estimated annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common stock):(9)
Base management fees payable under the Investment Advisory Agreement 4.14 % (4)
Incentive fees payable under the Investment Advisory Agreement 2.43 % (5)
Interest payments on borrowed funds 9.67 % (6)
Other expenses 2.57 % (7)
Total annual expenses 18.81 % (8)
(1) The amounts set forth in this table do not reflect the impact of any sales load borne by the Company and its stockholders. If applicable, the prospectus supplement relating to an offering of our common stock will disclose the applicable sales load borne by the Company and its common stockholders as a percentage of the offering price and the following “Example” will be updated accordingly.
(2) The related prospectus supplement will also disclose the applicable offering expenses and total stockholder transaction expenses.
(3) The expenses of the DRIP are included in “other expenses.” The plan administrator’s fees will be paid by us. There will be no brokerage charges or other charges to stockholders who participate in the plan except that, if a participant elects by written notice to the plan administrator to have the plan administrator sell part or all of the shares held by the plan administrator in the participant’s account and remit the proceeds to the participant, the plan administrator is authorized to deduct a $15.00 transaction fee plus a $0.10 per share brokerage commission from the proceeds.
(4) Our base management fee is 1.75% of the average value of our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and assets owned by any consolidated entity). This item represents projected base management fees for the next twelve months assuming that the base management fee expense remains consistent with the base management fee incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. The estimated base management fee used for the calculation in the table above excludes the fee reduction on OFSCC-FS Assets agreed to by OFS Advisor for the year ended December 31. 2024. See “Management and Other Agreements-Investment Advisory Agreement.”
(5) The incentive fee assumes that the Income Incentive Fee we will incur during the next twelve months remains consistent with the actual amounts incurred for the Income Incentive Fee for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Capital Gains Fee will be accrued, but not necessarily become payable, if, on a cumulative basis, the sum of net realized capital gains and losses plus net unrealized appreciation and depreciation is positive. The amount set forth in the table assumed the Capital Gains Fee is 0.0%.
The two parts of the incentive fee follows:
•The Income Incentive Fee, payable quarterly in arrears, equals 20.0% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income (including income that is accrued but not yet received in cash), subject to a 2.0% quarterly (8.0% annualized) hurdle rate and a “catch-up” provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under this provision, in any calendar quarter, OFS Advisor receives no incentive fee until our pre-incentive fee net investment income equals the hurdle rate of 2.0% but then receives, as a “catch-up,” 100% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.5%. The effect of this provision is that, if pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter, OFS Advisor will receive 20.0% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income as if a hurdle rate did not apply. There is no accumulation of amounts on the hurdle rate from quarter to quarter and accordingly there is no clawback of amounts previously paid if subsequent quarters are below the quarterly hurdle rate and there is no delay of payment if prior quarters are below the quarterly hurdle rate.
•The Capital Gains Fee, payable annually in arrears, equals 20.0% of our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis, if any (or upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement, as of the termination date), computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. The incentive fee is determined on a consolidated basis. We accrue the Capital Gains Fee if, on a cumulative basis, the sum of net realized capital gains and losses plus net unrealized appreciation and depreciation is positive. See “Management and Other Agreements-Investment Advisory Agreement.”
(6) Interest payments on borrowed funds assumes that the interest expense we will incur during the next twelve months remains consistent with the actual interest expense incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. Borrowing costs also include amortization of deferred debt issuance costs related to the issuance of our outstanding debt. As of December 31, 2024, our asset coverage ratio was 169% as permitted under Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act, and assumes a weighted average interest rate for our assumed average outstanding borrowings of 6.38%, which is equal to the weighted average effective interest rate of our debt during the year ended December 31, 2024.
We may borrow additional funds from time to time to make investments to the extent we determine that the economic situation is conducive to doing so. As of December 31, 2024, availability under the Banc of California Credit Facility was $24.0 million, based on the stated advance rate of 50% under the borrowing base and the $1.0 million outstanding. As of December 31, 2024, availability under the BNP Facility was $82.7 million and $67.4 million remained outstanding. Our stockholders will bear directly or indirectly the costs of borrowings under any debt instruments we may enter into.
(7) “Other expenses” assumes that other expenses we incur during the next twelve months remain consistent with the actual amounts incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024. “Other expenses” includes our overhead expenses, including services under the Administration Agreement based on our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by OFS Services. See “Management and Other Agreements-Administration Agreement.” “Other expenses” also includes ongoing professional expenses to our independent accountants, legal counsel, other professional service providers and compensation of independent directors.
(8) Our stockholders indirectly bear the expenses of underlying funds or other investment vehicles in which we invest that would be investment companies under section 3(a) of the 1940 Act but for the exceptions to that definition provided for in sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act. We do not currently invest in underlying funds or other investment companies and therefore do not expect to incur any acquired fund fees and expenses. The indirect expenses that will be associated with our Structured Finance Securities are not included in the fee table presentation, but if such expenses were included in the fee table presentation then our total annual expenses would have been 19.04%.
(9) Estimated annual expense captions presented in the table above are computed relative to our net asset value of $172.2 million as of December 31, 2024.
Example. The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed we would have no additional leverage and that our annual operating expenses would remain at the levels set forth in the table above, except that the incentive fee has been assumed as 0% as further described below, resulting in an assumed total annual expense ratio of 16.38% of net assets. The expense amounts assume an annual base management fee of 1.75% as described in footnote 4 above, or 4.14% of net assets, for each year. Transaction expenses are not included in the following example.
1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return
$155 $413 $616 $953
While the example assumes a 5.0% annual return, as required by the applicable rules of the SEC, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5.0%. The incentive fee under the Investment Advisory Agreement is subject to an annual rate of return hurdle rate of 8.0% annualized. Therefore, assuming a 5.0% annual return as in the example above, the incentive fee would either not be payable or would have an insignificant impact on the expense amounts shown above, is not included in the above example. The above illustration assumes that we will not realize any capital gains (computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation) in any of the indicated time periods. If we achieve sufficient returns on our investments, including through the realization of capital gains, to trigger an incentive fee of a material amount, our expenses and returns to our investors would be higher. For example, if we assumed that we received our 5.0% annual return completely in the form of net realized capital gains on our investments, computed net of all cumulative unrealized depreciation on our investments, the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses
set forth in the above illustration would be as follows:
1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return resulting entirely from net realized capital gains (all of which is subject to our incentive fee on capital gains) $164 $440 $656 $1,012
While the examples assume reinvestment of all distributions at NAV, participants in our DRIP will receive a number of shares of our common stock determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to a participant by the market price per share of our common stock at the close of trading on the dividend payment date. The market price per share of our common stock may be at, above or below NAV. The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown.
SENIOR SECURITIES
Information about our senior securities (including preferred stock, debt securities and other indebtedness) is shown in the following table for each year in the ten-year period ended December 31, 2024. The senior securities table as of December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was audited by KPMG LLP and the senior securities table as of December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was audited by our former independent registered public accounting firm. The “ - ” indicates information that the SEC expressly does not require to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities. KPMG LLP’s report on the senior securities table as of December 31, 2024 is included within the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per unit data)
Class and Year
Total Amount Outstanding(1)
Asset Coverage Per Unit(2)
Involuntary Liquidating Preference Per Unit(3)
Average Market Value Per Unit(4)
4.75% Notes due 2026
December 31, 2024 $ 125,000 $ 3,365 - N/A
December 31, 2023 $ 125,000 $ 3,460 - N/A
December 31, 2022 $ 125,000 $ 3,721 - N/A
December 31, 2021 $ 125,000 $ 3,870 - N/A
4.95% Notes due 2028
December 31, 2024 $ 55,000 $ 7,647 - $ 22.20
December 31, 2023 $ 55,000 $ 7,864 - $ 21.82
December 31, 2022 $ 55,000 $ 8,457 - $ 23.27
December 31, 2021 $ 55,000 $ 8,795 - $ 25.51
6.25% Notes due 2023
December 31, 2020 $ 25,000 $ 14,754 - $ 24.82
6.375% Notes due 2025
December 31, 2020 $ 50,000 $ 7,377 - $ 22.66
December 31, 2019 $ 50,000 $ 7,519 - $ 25.30
December 31, 2018 $ 50,000 $ 5,645 - $ 24.84
6.50% Notes due 2025
December 31, 2020 $ 48,525 $ 7,601 - $ 22.80
December 31, 2019 $ 48,525 $ 7,747 - $ 25.29
December 31, 2018 $ 48,525 $ 5,817 - $ 24.43
5.95% Notes due 2026
December 31, 2020 $ 54,325 $ 6,790 - $ 21.89
December 31, 2019 $ 54,325 $ 6,920 - $ 24.75
BNP Facility
December 31, 2024 $ 67,350 $ 6,245 - N/A
December 31, 2023 $ 90,500 $ 4,779 - N/A
December 31, 2022 $ 104,700 $ 4,442 - N/A
December 31, 2021 $ 100,000 $ 4,837 - N/A
December 31, 2020 $ 31,450 $ 11,728 - N/A
December 31, 2019 $ 56,450 $ 6,659 - N/A
Banc of California Credit Facility
December 31, 2024 $ 1,000 $ 420,574 - N/A
December 31, 2023 $ - $ - - N/A
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per unit data)
Class and Year
Total Amount Outstanding(1)
Asset Coverage Per Unit(2)
Involuntary Liquidating Preference Per Unit(3)
Average Market Value Per Unit(4)
December 31, 2022 $ - $ - - N/A
December 31, 2021 $ - $ - - N/A
December 31, 2020 $ 600 $ 614,760 - N/A
December 31, 2019 $ - $ - - N/A
December 31, 2018 $ 12,000 $ 23,521 - N/A
December 31, 2017 $ 17,600 $ 11,540 - N/A
December 31, 2016 $ 9,500 $ 15,821 - N/A
December 31, 2015 $ - $ - - N/A
SBA debentures (SBIC I LP)(5)
December 31, 2023 $ 31,920 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2022 $ 50,920 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2021 $ 69,920 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2020 $ 105,270 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2019 $ 149,880 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2018 $ 149,880 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2017 $ 149,880 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2016 $ 149,880 $ - - N/A
December 31, 2015 $ 149,880 $ - - N/A
Total Senior Securities(6)
December 31, 2024 $ 248,350 $ 1,693 - N/A
December 31, 2023 $ 302,420 $ 1,599 - N/A
December 31, 2022 $ 335,620 $ 1,634 - N/A
December 31, 2021 $ 349,920 $ 1,728 - N/A
December 31, 2020 $ 315,170 $ 1,757 - N/A
December 31, 2019 $ 359,180 $ 1,796 - N/A
December 31, 2018 $ 260,405 $ 2,554 - N/A
December 31, 2017 $ 167,480 $ 11,540 - N/A
December 31, 2016 $ 159,380 $ 15,821 - N/A
December 31, 2015 $ 149,880 $ - - N/A
(1) Total amount of each class of senior securities outstanding at the end of the period presented.
(2) The asset coverage ratio for a class of senior securities representing indebtedness is calculated as our consolidated total assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, divided by the class of senior securities representing indebtedness. This asset coverage ratio is multiplied by $1,000 to determine the “Asset Coverage Per Unit.” The calculation presented for individual classes of senior securities does not include the impact of other classes of senior securities outstanding as of a particular date. Refer to the Asset Coverage Per Unit for Total Senior Securities below.
(3) The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon the involuntary liquidation of the issuer in preference to any security junior to it.
(4) Average market value per unit for our unsecured notes represents the average of the daily closing prices as reported on the Nasdaq Market during the period presented. Not applicable to our 4.75% Notes due 2026, the Banc of California Credit Facility, BNP Facility or SBA debentures because these senior securities are not registered for public trading.
(5) The SBA debentures were not subject to the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act as a result of exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC.
(6) The Asset Coverage Per Unit does not include the SBA debentures as described in footnote (5) above.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following is a schedule of financial highlights for each year in the ten-year period ended December 31, 2024. The financial highlights as of December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were audited by KPMG LLP and the financial highlights for each year in the four-year period ended December 31, 2018 are derived from our consolidated financial statements that were audited by our former independent registered public accounting firm. The data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Per share operating performance:
Net asset value per share at beginning of year
$ 12.09 $ 13.47 $ 15.18 $ 11.85 $ 12.46 $ 13.10 $ 14.12 $ 14.82 $ 14.76 $ 14.24
Net investment income(1)
1.25 1.50 1.37 1.00 0.92 1.43 1.38 1.28 1.46 1.39
Net realized gain (loss), net of taxes(1)
(1.28) (0.85) (0.13) (1.54) (0.75) (0.29) (0.36) 0.55 0.25 (0.17)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), net of deferred taxes(1)
2.15 (0.67) (1.79) 5.12 0.25 (0.42) (0.31) (1.19) (0.29) 0.66
Loss on extinguishment of debt(1)
- (0.02) (0.01) (0.34) (0.06) - - - - -
Loss on impairment of goodwill(1)
- - - - (0.08) - - - - -
Total from operations 2.12 (0.04) (0.56) 4.24 0.28 0.72 0.71 0.64 1.42 1.88
Distributions
(1.36) (1.34) (1.16) (0.91) (0.86) (1.36) (1.73) (1.36) (1.36) (1.36)
Issuance/repurchase of common stock(2)
- - 0.01 - (0.03) - - 0.02 - -
Net asset value per share at end of year $ 12.85 $ 12.09 $ 13.47 $ 15.18 $ 11.85 $ 12.46 $ 13.10 $ 14.12 $ 14.82 $ 14.76
Per share market value, end of period
$ 8.07 $ 11.70 $ 10.15 $ 10.90 $ 7.15 $ 11.17 $ 10.60 $ 11.90 $ 13.76 $ 11.48
Total return based on market value(3)
(19.7) % 30.2 % 4.4 % 66.8 % (24.0) % 18.3 % 3.5 % (4.7) % 32.3 % 9.0 %
Total return based on net asset value(4)
23.7 % 1.4 % (0.6) % 40.2 % 13.6 % 6.7 % 7.8 % 5.0 % 10.9 % 16.0 %
Shares outstanding at end of period 13,398,078 13,398,078 13,398,078 13,422,413 13,409,559 13,376,836 13,357,337 13,340,217 9,700,297 9,691,170
Weighted-average shares outstanding 13,398,078 13,398,078 13,417,410 13,413,861 13,394,005 13,364,244 13,348,203 12,403,706 9,693,801 9,670,153
Ratio/Supplemental Data (in thousands except ratios)
Average net asset value(5)
$ 157,621 $ 173,265 $ 194,068 $ 178,628 $ 148,175 $ 171,889 $ 182,468 $ 171,631 $ 142,818 $ 140,002
Net asset value at end of year
$ 172,225 $ 162,004 $ 180,423 $ 203,744 $ 158,956 $ 166,627 $ 175,023 $ 188,336 $ 143,778 $ 143,012
Net investment income
$ 16,712 $ 20,160 $ 18,352 $ 13,450 $ 12,295 $ 19,098 $ 18,385 $ 15,877 $ 14,145 $ 13,411
Ratio of total expenses, net to average net assets(6)
19.8 % 21.2 % 15.7 % 19.2 % 22.4 % 19.4 % 13.4 % 10.2 % 11.9 % 13.5 %
Ratio of total expenses, net and losses on impairment of goodwill and extinguishment of debt to average net assets(7)
19.8 % 21.4 % 15.7 % 21.8 % 23.7 % - % - % - % - % - %
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets(8)
10.6 % 11.6 % 9.5 % 7.5 % 8.3 % 11.1 % 10.5 % 8.4 % 9.8 % 9.6 %
Ratio of goodwill impairment loss to average net assets - % - % - % - % 0.7 % - % - % - % - % - %
Ratio of loss on extinguishment of debt to average net assets - % 0.1 % 0.1 % 2.6 % 0.6 % - % - % - % - % - %
Portfolio turnover(9)
23.1 % 8.8 % 28.0 % 54.9 % 28.1 % 21.2 % 41.9 % 50.4 % 18.1 % 44.6 %
(1)Calculated on the average share method.
(2)The issuance/repurchase of common stock on a per share basis reflects the net asset value change as a result of DRIP issuances, shares repurchased pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program, the follow-on public offering of 3,625,000 shares during 2017, the anti-dilutive (dilutive) impact from changes in weighted-average shares outstanding during the period, and the difference between the per share amount distributed to common stockholders of record and the per share amount distributed based on the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the applicable period.
(3)Calculated as ending market value less beginning market value, adjusted for distributions reinvested at prices based on the Company’s DRIP for the respective distributions.
(4)Calculated as ending net asset value less beginning net asset value, adjusted for distributions reinvested in the Company’s DRIP for the respective distributions.
(5)Based on the average of the net asset value at the beginning of the indicated period and the end of each calendar quarter within the period indicated.
(6)Ratio of total expenses before incentive fee waiver to average net assets was 22.7% and 13.4% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(7)Ratio of total expenses before incentive fee waiver and losses on impairment of goodwill and extinguishment of debt to average net assets was 24.0% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(8)Ratio of net investment income before incentive fee waiver to average net assets was 8.0% and 10.5% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(9)Portfolio turnover rate is calculated using the lesser of year-to-date sales, Structured Finance Security distributions and principal payments or year-to-date purchases over the average of portfolio investments at fair value at the beginning of the indicated period and the end of each calendar quarter within the period indicated.

---

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Reserved.

---

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about us, our current and prospective portfolio investments, our industry, our beliefs, and our assumptions. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “would,” “should,” “targets,” “projects,” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements, including without limitation:
•our ability and experience operating a BDC, or maintaining our tax treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code;
•our dependence on key personnel;
•our ability to maintain or develop referral relationships;
•our ability to replicate historical results;
•the ability of OFS Advisor to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria;
•the belief that the carrying amounts of our financial instruments, such as cash, cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximate the fair value of such items due to the short maturity of such instruments and that such financial instruments are held with high credit quality institutions to mitigate the risk of loss due to credit risk;
•actual and potential conflicts of interest with OFS Advisor and other affiliates of OFSAM Holdings;
•constraint on investment due to access to material nonpublic information;
•restrictions on our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates;
•the use of borrowed money to finance a portion of our investments;
•the creation of leveraged lending opportunities as a result of the large amount of unfunded buyout commitments driving demand for leveraged buyouts over the next several years;
•our ability to incur additional leverage pursuant to Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act and the impact of such leverage on our net investment income and results of operations;
•competition for investment opportunities;
•the belief that the seniority of our debt investments in a borrower’s capital structure may provide greater downside protection against adverse economic changes, including those caused by the impacts of interest rate and inflation rate changes, the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, instability in the U.S. and international banking systems, the agenda of the new U.S. presidential administration, including the potential impact of tariff enactment and tax reductions, the risk of recession or a shutdown of U.S. government services, and related market volatility on our business, our portfolio companies, our industry and the global economy;
•the percentage of investments that will bear interest on a floating rate or fixed rate basis;
•the holding period of our investments;
•the impact of alternative reference rates on our business, including potential additional interest rate reductions approved by the U.S. Federal Reserve, which may impact our investment income, cost of funding and the valuation of our investments;
•our ability to raise debt or equity capital as a BDC;
•the timing, form and amount of any distributions from our portfolio companies;
•the impact of a protracted decline in the liquidity of credit markets on our business;
•the impact of current political, economic and industry conditions, including changes in the interest rate environment, inflation, significant market volatility, supply chain and labor market disruptions, including those as a result of strikes, work stoppages or accidents, resource shortages and other conditions affecting the financial and capital markets, which, in turn, impacts our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;
•the impact of the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, and general uncertainty surrounding the financial and political stability of the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and China;
•the general economy and its impact on the industries in which we invest;
•the belief that we have sufficient levels of liquidity to support our existing portfolio companies;
•our ability to consummate credit facilities in the future on commercially reasonable terms, if at all;
•the effect of laws or regulations, including accounting pronouncements and rule issuances, governing our operations;
•the ability to continue generating strong risk-adjusted net returns by assembling a diversified portfolio of investments across a broad range of industries;
•the impact of information technology system failures, data security breaches, data privacy compliance, network disruptions, cybersecurity attacks and the increasing use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technology;
•the need and availability of additional capital on favorable terms to finance growth given our expectation to distribute substantially all of our net ordinary income and net realized capital gains to our stockholders;
•the fluctuation of the fair value of our investments due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value;
•the belief that the deployment of capital into Structured Finance Securities will improve our performing income yield; and
•the ability to secure financial maintenance covenants in the loans we invest.
Although we believe that the assumptions on which these forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could be inaccurate. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a projection or forward-looking statement in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved. These risks and uncertainties include, among others, those described or identified in “Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We have based the forward-looking statements on information available to us on the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we in the future may file with the SEC, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. The forward-looking statements and projections contained in this annual report on Form 10-K are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act.
The following analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
Key performance metrics per common share are presented below:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Net asset value $ 12.85 $ 12.09
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net investment income $ 1.25 $ 1.50 $ 1.37
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations 2.12 (0.04) (0.57)
Distributions declared 1.36 1.34 1.16
Our NAV per common share increased from $12.09 at December 31, 2023 to $12.85 at December 31, 2024, primarily due to net gains on our investment portfolio of $11.7 million, or $0.87 per common share. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our aggregate distributions of $1.36 per common share exceeded our net investment income of $1.25 per common share.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, net investment income decreased $3.4 million compared to the prior year. The decrease in net investment income was primarily due to a decrease in total investment income of $9.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in total expenses of $5.5 million. See “-Results of Operations” for additional details.
Our weighted-average performing income yield on interest-bearing investments decreased from 13.9% during the year ended December 31, 2023 to 13.4% during the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in our income yield was primarily due to a decrease in the effective yield of our Structured Finance Security portfolio related to the aging of subordinated note securities. See “-Portfolio Composition and Investment Activity’ for additional details.
Our total outstanding debt decreased from $302.4 million at December 31, 2023 to $248.4 million at December 31, 2024. Our weighted-average debt interest costs increased from 6.0% during the year ended December 31, 2023 to 6.4% for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to the full repayment of our SBA debentures on March 1, 2024, which carried a low effective interest rate of 3.26%, and an increase in the cost of debt on our BNP Facility. As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding debt of $126.0 million contractually maturing in February 2026, which comprised 51% of our total outstanding debt. See “-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” for additional details.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our portfolio experienced net gains of $11.7 million, comprised of net unrealized appreciation of $28.9 million, partially offset by net realized losses of $17.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2024, our net gain of $11.7 million was primarily driven by net unrealized appreciation of $18.4 million in our common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc., partially offset by net unrealized depreciation of $6.6 million on our current non-accrual loans. As of December 31, 2024, our portfolio had non-accrual loans with an aggregate fair value of $20.8 million, or 9.3% of our total loan portfolio at fair value, compared to non-accrual loans with an aggregate fair value of $12.1 million, or 4.8% of our total loan portfolio at fair value, at December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2024, our common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc., a global manufacturer of high-purity pharmaceutical ingredients, accounted for 21.8% of our portfolio at fair value and 51.8% of our total net assets, respectively. Primarily due to an improvement in financial operating performance during the year ended December 31, 2024, the fair value of our investment in the common equity of Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. increased by $18.4 million, or $1.37 per common share, to $89.3 million. The value of this investment is substantially comprised of unrealized appreciation of $89.1 million. The valuation of this investment is based on significant unobservable inputs. A deterioration or improvement in the operating performance of the company or other factors underlying the valuation of this investment could have a material impact on our NAV.
At December 31, 2024, our asset coverage ratio of 169% exceeded the minimum asset coverage requirement of 150% under the 1940 Act, and we remained in compliance with all applicable covenants under our outstanding debt facilities. As of December 31, 2024, we had unused commitments of $24.0 million under our Banc of California Credit Facility and $82.7 million under our BNP Facility, each of which are subject to a borrowing base and other covenants. As of December 31, 2024, we had unfunded investment commitments of $18.8 million to 10 issuers.
On February 26, 2025, the Board declared a distribution of $0.34 per share for the first quarter of 2025, payable on March 31, 2025, to stockholders of record as of March 21, 2025.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Critical accounting policies are those that require management to make subjective or complex judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Changes that may be required in the underlying assumptions or estimates in these areas could have a material impact on our current and future financial condition and results of operations.
Our critical accounting policies and estimates are those relating to revenue recognition and fair value estimates. Management has discussed the development and selection of each critical accounting policy and estimate with the Audit Committee of the Board. For a description of our revenue recognition and fair value policies, see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 2” of this report.
Revenue recognition. Interest Income: Our recognition of interest income from our loan and CLO debt investments is recognized on an accrual basis based upon the outstanding principal amount and contractual interest terms of the debt investment. Net Loan Fees are amortized or accreted into interest income over the life, or estimated life in the case of CLO debt securities, of the respective debt investment. Upon the prepayment of a debt investment, we accelerate the remaining Net Loan Fees into interest income.
PIK Income: Our recognition of PIK interest and dividends includes ongoing assessment of collectibility. We discontinue accrual of PIK income when there is reasonable doubt that the income will ultimately be collected. This includes assessments of the fair value of the investment relative to par or cost and other judgments of management. PIK income is included in our ICTI and, therefore, affects the amount we are required to pay to our stockholders in the form of distributions in order to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC, even though we may have not yet collected the cash.
CLO Subordinated Notes and Loan Accumulation Facilities: Interest income on our CLO subordinated note securities is recognized in accordance with ASC Subtopic 325-40, Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets (“ASC 325-40”), which contemplates estimating an effective yield to expected redemption utilizing estimated future cash flows from the investment. The expected cash flows of the underlying portfolio and to our security are developed utilizing a number of assumptions, including, among others, estimates of default rates, prepayment rates, redemption timing, reinvestment prices, and liquidation-redemption price. These assumptions, and correspondingly the estimated cash flows and accretable yields, are reviewed and updated at each payment date, generally quarterly. These assumed cash flows represent significant estimates and are subject to a reasonable possibility of near-term changes due to economic and credit market conditions, and the effect of these changes could be material. The Company ultimately may not realize income accreted on CLO subordinated note securities. The valuation of our Structured Finance Securities makes use of similar assumptions, plus a discount rate assumption, to develop estimated cash flows that are discounted to estimated net present value.
Interest income from our investments in Loan Accumulation Facilities is recognized on an accrual basis based on an estimated yield. Income notes associated with our Loan Accumulation Facility investments generally earn returns equal to the actual income earned on facility assets less costs of senior financing and manager costs. We periodically evaluate the realizability of such amounts and, if necessary, subsequently adjust the estimated yield.
An optional redemption feature of a CLO allows a majority of the holders of the CLO subordinated notes issued by the CLO issuer, after the end of a specified non-call period, to cause the redemption of the CLO subordinated notes issued by the CLO with proceeds paid through either the liquidation of the CLO’s assets or a refinancing with new debt. The optional redemption is effectively a voluntary prepayment of the CLO subordinated notes issued by the CLO prior to the stated maturity of such securities. When the optional redemption feature has been exercised on a CLO subordinated note, distributions received are first recorded as a return of capital until its cost basis is reduced to zero and thereafter recorded as realized gains. The principal amount of the CLO subordinated notes is not reduced for distributions received until the security is fully redeemed. Commencing on the optional redemption date, we cease accruing income on our CLO subordinated notes that will be redeemed.
Non-accrual Loans: We review, for placement on non-accrual status, all loans and CLO mezzanine debt investments when they become past due on principal and interest, and/or when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, accrued and unpaid cash interest is reversed. Interest income and Net Loan Fees are no longer recognized as of the date the loan is placed on non-accrual status. Depending upon management’s judgment, interest payments subsequently received on non-accrual investments may be recognized as interest income or applied as a reduction to amortized cost. Interest accruals and Net Loan Fee amortization are resumed on non-accrual investments only when they are brought current with respect to principal and interest payments and, in management’s judgment, it is probable that we will collect all principal and interest from the investment.
Acquisition Cost of Investments: Our middle-market lending activities may involve the acquisition of multiple financial instruments or rights either in an initial transaction, or in subsequent or “follow-on” transactions, including amendments to existing securities. These financial instruments can include loans, preferred and common stock, warrants, or membership interests in limited liability companies. Acquired rights can include fixed or variable fees that can be either guaranteed or contingent upon operating performance of the underlying portfolio companies. Moreover, these fees may be payable in cash or additional securities. The revenue recognized on these instruments is a function of the fee or other consideration allocated to them, including amounts allocated to loan syndication fees at the time of acquisition.
These allocations are generally based on the relative fair value of the instruments at the time of the transaction, a process involving fair value estimates which is also a critical accounting policy and significant estimate. Once determined, these allocations directly affect the discount/premium and yield on debt securities, the cost and net gains/losses on equity securities, and ICTI. These allocations require an understanding of the terms and conditions of the underlying agreements and requires significant management judgment.
Fair value estimates. As of December 31, 2024, total investments of $409.7 million, representing approximately 96% of our total assets, were carried at fair value on the consolidated statement of assets and liabilities. As discussed more fully in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 2”, GAAP requires us to categorize fair value measurements according to a three-level valuation hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted, active market prices for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to valuation techniques that require significant management judgment because one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable in the market place (Level 3). All of our investments carried at fair value are classified as Level 2 and Level 3, with 95% of our investments classified as Level 3 as of December 31,
2024. In accordance with our investment strategy, we typically do not hold equity securities or other instruments that are actively traded on an exchange (Level 1).
On September 7, 2022, pursuant to Rule 2a-5, our Board designated OFS Advisor as the valuation designee to perform fair value determinations relating to our investments for which market quotations are not readily available, and, as prescribed in Rule 2a-5, the Board maintains oversight of OFS Advisor in its capacity as valuation designee. We have engaged third-party valuation firms to provide assistance to OFS Advisor in determining the fair value of the majority of our investments.
As described in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 5”, under the oversight of the Board, we follow a process to determine these unobservable inputs used in the fair value estimates of our investments. The most significant unobservable inputs in the Level 3 fair value measurements are the discount rates (discounted cash flows approach) and EBITDA or revenue multiples (market approach). Investments classified as Level 2 are measured on the basis of Indicative Prices provided by pricing services.
Our discounted cash flow valuations involve a determination of discount rate commensurate with the risk inherent in each investment. OFS Advisor, with the assistance of independent third-party valuation firms, uses two primary methods to estimate discount rates on Portfolio Company Investments, as applicable: a method based upon a hypothetical recapitalization of the entity given its current operating performance and current market conditions; and a synthetic debt rating method, which assigns a surrogate debt rating to the entity based on known industry standards for assigning such ratings and then estimates the discount rate based on observed market yields for actual rated debt. OFS Advisor may also use a relative value method to estimate yields, which involves estimating the discount rate of non-traded subject debt investments based on an expected or assumed relationship between Indicative Prices on traded debt and the subject debt for a portfolio company. All methods for estimating the discount rate generally involve calibration of unobservable inputs utilized in estimating the discount rate on the subject investment to its internal rate of return at close or purchase date. These methods generally produce a range of discount rates, and we generally select the midpoint of the range for use in fair value measures, subject to considerations of any prepayment fees associated with the debt.
Our market approach valuations, generally applied to equity investments and investments in impaired debt, involve a determination of an enterprise value multiple to a financial performance metric of the portfolio company, generally trailing historical EBITDA or revenue. These determinations are based on identification of a comparable set of publicly traded companies and determination of a public-to-private liquidity adjustment factor, generally through calibration to transaction prices in the subject investment instrument. We may also utilize other portfolio-company earnings metrics to determine enterprise value, such as forecast EBITDA or revenue, or a weighting of multiple factors. At times, we may also use a discounted cash flow technique in valuing our equity securities or a combination of multiple valuation approaches. These methods generally produce a range of multiplier values and we generally select the midpoint of the range for fair value measures.
The following table illustrates the impact of our fair value measures if we selected the low or high end of the range for all investments at December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Fair Value at December 31, 2024 Range of Fair Value
Investment Type
Low-end High-end
Debt investments:
First lien $ 189,874 $ 184,658 $ 194,377
Second lien 34,331 33,044 36,386
Structured Finance Securities:
Subordinated notes 64,301 60,425 68,177
Mezzanine debt 12,574 12,335 12,812
Equity investments:
Preferred equity 12,248 10,572 12,248
Common equity, warrants and other 96,337 91,967 100,698
$ 409,665 $ 393,001 $ 424,698
Related Party Transactions
We have entered into a number of business relationships with affiliated or related parties, including the following:
•The Investment Advisory Agreement with OFS Advisor to manage our operating and investment activities. Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to pay OFS Advisor an annual base management fee based on the average value of our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity) as well as an incentive fee based on our investment performance. See “Part 1, Item 1 - Management and Other Agreements” and “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 3.”
•The Administration Agreement with OFS Services, an affiliate of OFS Advisor, to provide us with the office facilities and administrative services necessary to conduct our operations. See “Part 1, Item 1 - Management and Other Agreements” and “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 3.”
•A license agreement with OFSAM, the parent company of OFS Advisor, under which OFSAM has agreed to grant us a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “OFS.” Under this agreement, we have a right to use the “OFS” name for so long as OFS Advisor or one of its affiliates remains our investment adviser. Other than with respect to this limited license, we have no legal right to the “OFS” name. This license agreement will remain in effect for so long as the Investment Advisory Agreement with OFS Advisor is in effect.
For the years ending December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, OFS Advisor agreed to reduce its base management fee attributable to all of the OFSCC-FS Assets to 0.25% per quarter (1.00% annualized) of the average value of the OFSCC-FS Assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. OFS Advisor’s base management fee reduction is renewable on an annual basis and OFS Advisor is not entitled to recoup the amount of the base management fee reduced with respect to the OFSCC-FS Assets. OFS Advisor most recently renewed the agreement to reduce its base management fee for the 2025 calendar year on January 8, 2025.
OFS Advisor’s services under the Investment Advisory Agreement are not exclusive to us and OFS Advisor is free to furnish similar services to other entities, including other funds advised or sub-advised by OFS Advisor, so long as its services to us are not impaired. OFS Advisor also serves as the investment adviser to other funds, including HPCI and OCCI. Additionally, OFS Advisor provides sub-advisory services to: (i) CMFT Securities Investments, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CIM Real Estate Finance Trust, Inc., a corporation that qualifies as a real estate investment trust; and (ii) CIM Real Assets & Credit Fund, an externally managed registered investment company that operates as an interval fund that invests primarily in a combination of real estate, credit and related investments.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits BDCs from knowingly participating in certain transactions with their affiliates without the prior approval of their independent directors and, in some cases, of the SEC. Those transactions include purchases and sales, and so-called “joint” transactions, in which a BDC and one or more of its affiliates engage in certain types of profit-making activities. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, five percent or more of a BDC’s outstanding voting securities will be considered an affiliate of the BDC for purposes of the 1940 Act, and a BDC generally is prohibited from engaging in purchases from, sales of assets to, or joint transactions with, such affiliates, absent the prior approval of the BDC’s independent directors. Additionally, without the approval of the SEC, a BDC is prohibited from engaging in purchases from, sales of assets to, or joint transactions with, the BDC’s officers, directors, and employees, and advisor (and its control affiliates).
BDCs may, however, invest alongside certain related parties or their respective other clients in certain circumstances where doing so is consistent with current law and SEC staff interpretations. For example, a BDC may invest alongside such accounts consistent with guidance promulgated by the SEC staff permitting the BDC and such other accounts to purchase interests in a single class of privately placed securities so long as certain conditions are met, including that the BDC’s advisor, acting on the BDC’s behalf and on behalf of other clients, negotiates no term other than price. Co-investment with such other accounts is not permitted or appropriate under this guidance when there is an opportunity to invest in different securities of the same issuer or where the different investments could be expected to result in a conflict between the BDC’s interests and those of other accounts.
The 1940 Act generally prohibits BDCs from making certain negotiated co-investments with certain affiliates absent an order from the SEC permitting the BDC to do so. On August 4, 2020, we received our existing Order, which superseded a previous order that we received on October 12, 2016, and provides us with greater flexibility to enter into co-investment transactions with certain Affiliated Funds in a manner consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We are generally permitted to co-invest with Affiliated Funds if, under the terms of the Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors make certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that: (1) the terms of the transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned;
(2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our investment objective and strategies; (3) the investment by our affiliates would not disadvantage us, and our participation would not be on a basis different from or less advantageous than that on which our affiliates are investing; and (4) the proposed investment by us would not benefit OFS Advisor, the other Affiliated Funds that are participating in the investment, or any affiliated person of any of them (other than parties to the transaction), except to the extent permitted by the exemptive relief and applicable law, including the limitations set forth in Section 57(k) of the 1940 Act.
In addition, we may file an application for an amendment to our existing Order to permit us to co-invest in our existing portfolio companies with certain affiliates that are private funds even if such other funds had not previously invested in such existing portfolio companies, subject to certain conditions. However, if filed, there is no guarantee that such application will be granted.
Conflicts may arise when we make an investment in conjunction with an investment being made by an Affiliated Account, or in a transaction where an Affiliated Account has already made an investment. Investment opportunities are, from time to time, appropriate for more than one account in the same, different or overlapping securities of a portfolio company’s capital structure. Conflicts arise in determining the terms of investments, particularly where these accounts may invest in different types of securities in a single portfolio company. Potential conflicts arise when addressing, among other things, questions as to whether payment obligations and covenants should be enforced, modified or waived, or whether debt should be restructured, modified or refinanced. See “Item 1. Business-Regulations-Conflicts of Interest” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to OFS Advisor and its Affiliates-We have potential conflicts of interest related to the purchases and sales that OFS Advisor makes on our behalf and/or on behalf of Affiliated Accounts.”
Portfolio Composition and Investment Activity
Our portfolio consists of debt and equity investments, as well as indirect investments in such securities through investment in other investment companies including Structured Finance Securities.
Portfolio Composition. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of our debt investment portfolio totaled $224.2 million in 36 portfolio companies, of which 85% and 15% were first lien and second lien loans, respectively. We also held equity investments in 15 portfolio companies with a fair value of $108.6 million and 18 investments in Structured Finance Securities with a fair value of $76.9 million.
Portfolio Yields. The following table presents weighted-average yield metrics for our portfolio:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Weighted-average performing income yield(1):
Debt investments 13.2 % 13.2 %
Structured Finance Securities 13.9 % 16.1 %
Interest-bearing investments 13.4 % 13.9 %
Weighted-average realized yield:
Interest-bearing investments(2)
11.8 % 12.7 %
(1) Performing income yield is calculated as (a) the actual amount earned on performing interest-bearing investments, including interest, prepayment fees and amortization of Net Loan Fees, divided by (b) the weighted-average of total performing interest-bearing investments at amortized cost.
(2) Realized yield is calculated as (a) the actual amount earned on interest-bearing investments, including interest, prepayment fees and amortization of Net Loan Fees, divided by (b) the weighted-average of total interest-bearing investments at amortized cost, in each case, including debt investments on non-accrual status and non-performing Structured Finance Securities.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the decrease in our weighted-average performing income yield was primarily due to a decrease in the effective yield of our Structured Finance Security portfolio. During the third and fourth quarter of 2024, we began rotating our Structured Finance Security portfolio, by deploying net capital of $0.6 million into higher-yielding positions with longer average reinvestment periods remaining, which we believe will improve our performing income yield.
The weighted-average yield of our investments is not the same as a return on investment for our stockholders, but rather the gross investment income from our investment portfolio before the payment of all of our fees and expenses. There can be no assurance that the weighted-average yield will remain at its current level. As of December 31, 2024, 91% of our total loan
portfolio, at fair value, consisted of variable rate investments, generally indexed to SOFR. See additional information under “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Debt and Equity Investments. The following table summarizes the composition of our debt and equity investments by type as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
First lien debt investments(1)
$ 209,696 $ 189,874 $ 220,941 $ 202,792
Second lien debt investments 42,313 34,331 57,848 48,521
Subordinated debt investments - - 4,680 -
Preferred equity 10,190 12,248 11,403 13,240
Common equity, warrants and other 12,365 96,337 11,537 76,689
Total debt and equity investments $ 274,564 $ 332,790 $ 306,409 $ 341,242
Number of portfolio companies 46 46 55 55
(1) Includes unitranche investments (which are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, in a first lien position), as of December 31, 2024, with an amortized cost and fair value of $128.1 million and $119.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the amortized cost and fair value of unitranche investments was $141.3 million and $131.3 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, 100% of our loan portfolio and 55% of our total portfolio consisted of first lien and second lien loans, based on fair value.
As of December 31, 2024, the three largest industries of our debt and equity investments by fair value, were (1) Manufacturing (36.7%), (2) Health Care and Social Assistance (20.1%) and (3) Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services (6.5%) totaling approximately 63.3% of our debt and equity investment portfolio. For a full summary of our investment portfolio by industry, see “Note 4, Investments” to the consolidated financial statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.
The following table presents our ten largest investments by issuer based on fair value as of December 31, 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Issuer Name Type Amortized Cost Fair Value % of Total Portfolio, at Fair Value
Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. Equity $ 217 $ 89,298 21.8 %
Inergex Holdings, LLC Debt 17,002 17,128 4.2 %
SS Acquisition, LLC Debt 16,871 16,871 4.1 %
Kreg LLC Debt 17,529 16,654 4.1 %
Tolemar Acquisition, Inc. Debt 16,272 15,405 3.8 %
Honor HN Buyer Inc Debt 14,879 15,046 3.7 %
Contract Datascan Holdings, Inc. Equity 8,511 12,331 3.0 %
One GI LLC Debt 12,614 12,309 3.0 %
Boca Home Care Holdings, Inc. Debt and Equity 11,196 10,588 2.6 %
Canyon CLO 2019-1, Ltd. Structured Finance Security 9,492 10,296 2.5 %
Total $ 124,583 $ 215,926 52.8 %
As of December 31, 2024, approximately 4.7% and 11.2% of our total portfolio at fair value and net assets, respectively, were comprised of Structured Finance Securities managed by a single adviser.
A deterioration or improvement in the operating performance of these portfolio investments, or other factors underlying the valuation of these investments, could have a material impact on our NAV.
Structured Finance Securities. The following table summarizes our Structured Finance Securities as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
Subordinated notes $ 76,122 $ 64,301 $ 66,774 $ 49,982
Mezzanine debt 12,861 12,574 30,347 29,062
Total Structured Finance Securities $ 88,983 $ 76,875 $ 97,121 $ 79,045
Number of Structured Finance Securities 18 18 21 21
Non-performing Structured Finance Securities are securities that have not been optionally redeemed and have an effective yield of 0.0%, as remaining residual distributions are anticipated to be recognized as a return of capital. As of December 31, 2024, the amortized cost and fair value of non-performing Structured Finance Securities were $9.4 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, we had no Structured Finance Securities that have been optionally redeemed.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold Structure Finance Securities for aggregate net proceeds of $20.1 million and recognized a realized loss of $3.5 million.
Investment Activity. The following is a summary of our cash investment activity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollar amounts in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Investments in debt and equity securities $ 66.0 $ 34.1
Investments in Structured Finance Securities 27.4 7.6
Total investment purchases and originations $ 93.4 $ 41.7
Proceeds from principal payments on portfolio investments $ 67.1 $ 83.0
Proceeds from sales or redemptions of portfolio investments 46.1 18.9
Proceeds from distributions received from portfolio investments 15.6 14.5
Total proceeds from principal payments, sales or redemptions, and distributions received from portfolio investments $ 128.8 $ 116.4
Non-cash Investment Activity
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we wrote off our preferred and common equity investments in Master Cutlery, LLC, resulting in a net realized loss of $3.5 million. The net realized loss of $3.5 million was fully recognized in prior fiscal years and did not impact our NAV during the current year.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our first lien debt investment in GoTo Group underwent a restructuring, whereby our first lien debt investment was exchanged at a price equal to 77% of par for new first lien debt investments in the company. We recognized a realized loss of $0.7 million on the debt restructure corresponding to the amount forgiven upon the exchange.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we restructured our first lien debt investments in Avison Young Inc. to, among other things, exchange our first lien debt investments for new first lien debt investments, preferred equity and common equity. The cost of the existing first lien debt investments was ascribed to the new investments received in the exchange, and no realized loss was recognized. We also invested an incremental $0.8 million in new-issue first lien debt.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our first lien debt investment in Wellful Inc. underwent a restructuring, under which our investment was restructured at an effective price equal to approximately 83.5% of par for a combination of cash consideration and a new first lien debt investment in the company. We recognized a realized loss of $1.1 million on the debt restructure corresponding to the amount forgiven upon the restructuring.
See “Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Investments-The documents governing our Broadly Syndicated Loans, the loans to our portfolio companies and the loans underlying our CLO investments may allow for “priming transactions.”
Risk Monitoring
We categorize debt investments into seven risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt. For additional information regarding our risk categories, see “Part 1, Item 1. Business-Portfolio Review/Risk Monitoring.” The following table shows the classification of our debt investments portfolio by risk category as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Debt Investments as of December 31,
2024 2023
Risk Category Amortized Cost Fair Value % of Debt Investments, at Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value % of Debt Investments, at Fair Value
1 (Low Risk) $ - $ - - % $ - $ - - %
2 (Below Average Risk) - - - - - -
3 (Average) 160,017 157,941 70.5 230,338 223,394 88.9
4 (Special Mention) 73,388 57,003 25.4 25,147 19,581 7.8
5 (Substandard) 14,113 7,159 3.2 18,772 8,136 3.2
6 (Doubtful) 4,491 2,102 0.9 9,212 202 0.1
7 (Loss) - - - - - -
$ 252,009 $ 224,205 100.0 % $ 283,469 $ 251,313 100.0 %
Non-Accrual Loans
As of December 31, 2024
The following table shows the classification of our debt investments on non-accrual status (dollar amounts in thousands):
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost Fair Value
First lien debt $ 32,540 $ 18,785
Second lien debt 6,584 2,018
Total $ 39,124 $ 20,803
As of December 31, 2023
The following table shows the classification of our debt investments on non-accrual status (dollar amounts in thousands):
December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost Fair Value
First lien debt $ 18,772 $ 8,136
Second lien debt 11,116 4,003
Subordinated debt 4,680 -
Total $ 34,568 $ 12,139
Results of Operations
Key Financial Measures. The following is a discussion of the key financial measures that management employs in reviewing the performance of our operations.
Net Investment Income. NII is a key performance metric in obtaining part of our investment objective of providing current income to stockholders. NII can be a general indicator of ICTI and the amount of distributions that will be required to be made due to RIC requirements. One of our main objectives is to increase NII, and, in turn, increase distributions to stockholders.
Net Gain (Loss) on Investments. Net gain (loss) on investments consists of the sum of: (a) realized gains and losses from the sale, redemption or write-off of portfolio investments, net of taxes; and (b) net unrealized appreciation or depreciation on portfolio investments, net of deferred taxes. In the period in which a realized gain or loss is recognized, such gain or loss will be offset by the reversal of previously recognized unrealized appreciation or depreciation, and the net gain (loss) recognized in
that period will generally be smaller. The net unrealized appreciation or depreciation on debt securities is also reversed when those investments are redeemed or paid off prior to maturity.
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting From Operations: Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations is a key metric in assessing our performance and the overall profit or loss of our operations.
Net Asset Value: NAV is a key performance metric related to our investment objective to provide our stockholders with both current income and capital appreciation primarily through debt investments and, to a lesser extent, equity investments. NAV per share is increased (decreased) by our net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations, decreased by distributions paid to common stockholders, and increased (decreased) by any capital share transactions depending on if the price transacted is accretive or dilutive to NAV, as applicable. As a result, annual comparisons of net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations may not be meaningful.
Portfolio Yield: Portfolio yield is a key financial metric of our investment portfolio in order to achieve our investment objective of providing current income to stockholders. Portfolio yield is a gross figure and does not contemplate changes in our costs, including on our debt and other expenses. See “Portfolio Composition and Investment Activity-Portfolio Yields” for additional information.
We do not believe that our historical operating performance is necessarily indicative of our future results of operations that we expect to report in future periods. Our investment strategy is to maintain a leveraged credit investment portfolio, primarily focused on investments in middle-market companies in the United States, including debt investments and, to a lesser extent, equity investments, including warrants and other minority equity securities. Moreover, as a BDC and a RIC, we are also subject to certain constraints on our operations, including, but not limited to, limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the Code. For the reasons described above, the results of operations described below may not necessarily be indicative of the results we expect to report in future periods.
Comparison of years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Consolidated operating results for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Investment income
Interest income:
Cash interest income $ 30,454 $ 39,915 $ 33,270
PIK interest income 1,635 1,461 523
Net Loan Fee amortization 1,626 1,730 1,726
Accretion of interest income on CLO subordinated notes 8,731 10,857 10,656
Other interest income 888 706 83
Total interest income 43,334 54,669 46,258
Dividend income:
Cash dividends 3,027 659 947
PIK dividends 1,098 1,136 466
Total dividend income 4,125 1,795 1,413
Fee income:
Prepayment and other fees 136 383 680
Syndication fees 369 96 393
Total fee income 505 479 1,073
Total investment income 47,964 56,943 48,744
Total expenses 31,252 36,783 30,392
Net investment income 16,712 20,160 18,352
Net gain (loss) on investments 11,730 (20,412) (25,794)
Loss on extinguishment of debt - (213) (144)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations $ 28,442 $ (465) $ (7,586)
Comparison of investment income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Total interest income decreased $11.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in cash interest income of $9.5 million. The decrease in cash interest income was primarily due a smaller average investment portfolio, at cost.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, dividend income increased $2.3 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase of $2.4 million in cash dividends. The increase in cash dividends was primarily due to non-recurring dividends of $1.9 million from TRS Services, LLC million recognized upon the sale of our preferred equity investment as well as a $0.5 million increase in dividends from our common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized total PIK income of $2.7 million, which represented 5.7% of total investment income. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized total PIK income of $2.6 million, which represented 4.6% of total investment income. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized $1.0 million of PIK interest on a second lien debt investment that has a loan contract comprised of only PIK interest.
Fee income is primarily comprised of unused loan commitment fees, prepayment fees and syndication fees that generally result from periodic transactions rather than from holding portfolio investments, and are considered non-recurring. We may receive syndication fees on investments where OFS Advisor sources, structures and arranges the lending group. During the year ended December 31, 2024, total fee income remained stable compared to the prior year.
Comparison of investment income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Total interest income increased $8.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in cash interest income of $6.6 million. The increase in cash interest income was primarily due to elevated reference interest rates as our loan portfolio predominately consisted of floating rate loans throughout the year.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, total PIK interest income increased $0.9 million compared to the prior year. The increase in PIK interest income primarily related to two credit agreement amendments that increased the contractual PIK interest or converted cash interest to PIK interest.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, dividend income increased $0.4 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase of $0.7 million in preferred equity PIK dividends.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized total PIK income of $2.6 million, which represented 4.6% of total investment income. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized total PIK income of $1.0 million, which represented 2.0% of total investment income.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, total fee income decreased $0.6 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in syndication and prepayment fees.
Expenses. Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, are presented below (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Interest expense $ 16,648 $ 19,482 $ 17,025
Base management fees 5,993 7,218 7,979
Income Incentive Fee 4,178 5,040 2,276
Capital Gains Fee - - (1,916)
Professional fees 1,630 1,681 1,608
Administration fees 1,521 1,680 1,742
Other expenses 1,282 1,682 1,678
Total expenses $ 31,252 $ 36,783 $ 30,392
Comparison of expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $2.8 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease of $63.6 million in our average outstanding debt balances compared to the prior year. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we fully repaid our outstanding SBA debentures totaling $31.9 million and reduced the total amount outstanding under the BNP Facility by $23.2 million.
Base management fee expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $1.2 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to our average investment portfolio at fair value decreasing from $474.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 to $404.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024.
The Income Incentive Fee for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $0.9 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in our average interest-bearing investment portfolio, at cost, which reduced our net investment income during the current year.
Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $0.4 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to the reduction in intangible asset amortization of $0.3 million related to the full repayment of our outstanding SBA debentures in March 2024.
Comparison of expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Interest expense increased by $2.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in our weighted-average debt interest costs from 4.8% to 6.0%. The increase in our debt interest costs was primarily due to an increase in the cost of debt on our BNP Facility resulting from variable SOFR rate increases. The BNP Facility’s effective interest rate increased to 8.3% during the year ended December 31, 2023, from 4.4% during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Base management fee expense decreased by $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, due to a decrease in our average total assets, primarily due to our average investment portfolio at fair value decreasing to $474.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 from $525.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in the average investment portfolio at fair value during the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily related to net repayments on portfolio investments of $63.8 million and net losses on portfolio investments of $20.4 million, respectively.
The Income Incentive Fee increased by $2.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in our net interest margin of $6.0 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we did not incur a Capital Gains Fee as compared to 2022, when we fully reversed the Capital Gains Fee of $1.9 million that was accrued in 2021. The Capital Gains Fee previously accrued during the year ended December 31, 2021 was neither contractually due nor payable under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, professional fees, administration fees and other expenses remained stable compared to the prior year at $5.0 million.
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments. Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, by investment type, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, are presented below (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Debt investments $ (7,340) $ (5,174) $ (24,954)
Equity investments 17,118 (9,744) 13,187
Structured Finance Securities 2,471 (5,374) (14,209)
Current/deferred income tax (expense) benefit (519) (120) 182
Net gain (loss) on investments $ 11,730 $ (20,412) $ (25,794)
Year ended December 31, 2024
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our portfolio experienced net gains of $11.7 million, comprised of net unrealized appreciation of $28.9 million, net of taxes, partially offset by net realized losses of $17.1 million, net of taxes.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our net unrealized appreciation of $28.9 million, net of taxes, primarily related to net unrealized appreciation of $18.4 million in the common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. as well as the reversal of previously recognized unrealized depreciation on exited investments.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized net realized losses of $17.1 million, primarily due to a $7.8 million loss upon the write-off of our debt and equity investments in Master Cutlery, LLC, an aggregate net realized loss of $7.3 million upon the sale or restructure of debt investments, as well as an aggregate $3.5 million realized loss on the sale of Structured Finance Securities.
Year ended December 31, 2023
During the year ended December 31, 2023, our portfolio experienced net losses of $20.4 million, comprised of net realized losses of $11.4 million and net unrealized depreciation of $9.0 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, our net loss of $20.4 million primarily related to net unrealized depreciation of $14.5 million in the common equity of Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. During the year ended December 31, 2023, our loan portfolio experienced net losses of $5.2 million, primarily related to net unrealized depreciation of $4.3 million on our non-accrual loans.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized net realized losses of $11.4 million, primarily due to the write-off our non-accrual loan and equity investment in Eblens Holdings, Inc., resulting in a realized loss of $10.5 million, of which $9.0 million was recognized in prior fiscal years.
Year ended December 31, 2022
During the year ended December 31, 2022, our portfolio experienced net losses of $25.8 million, primarily related to unrealized depreciation of $23.0 million and $14.2 million on our debt investments and Structured Finance Securities, respectively, offset by unrealized appreciation of $13.1 million on our equity investments. The unrealized depreciation on our debt investments and Structured Finance Securities was primarily due to the widening of liquid credit market spreads. Company specific performance factors on a few non-accrual investments also contributed to the unrealized depreciation on our debt investments. Our common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. experienced unrealized gains of $19.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Losses on Extinguishment of Debt
Year ended December 31, 2024
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we did not recognize a loss on extinguishment of debt.
Year ended December 31, 2023
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we redeemed $19.0 million of SBA debentures and, as a result, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.2 million related to the acceleration of unamortized deferred borrowing costs and prepaid (or breakage) interest on the redeemed debentures.
Year ended December 31, 2022
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we redeemed $19.0 million of SBA debentures and, as a result, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million related to the acceleration of unamortized deferred borrowing costs and prepaid (or breakage) interest on the redeemed debentures.
Non-GAAP Financial Measure - Adjusted Net Investment Income
On a supplemental basis, we disclose Adjusted NII (including on a per share basis), which is a financial measure calculated and presented on basis other than in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted NII represents net investment income, excluding the capital gains incentive fee, in periods in which such expense occurs. GAAP requires recognition of a capital gains incentive fee in our financial statements when aggregate net realized and unrealized capital gains, if any, on a cumulative basis is positive from the date of the election to be a BDC through the reporting date. Such fees are subject to further conditions specified in the Investment Advisory Agreement, principally related to the realization of such net gains, before OFS Advisor is entitled to payment, and such recognized fees are subject to the risk of reversal should unrealized gains diminish to become losses. Management believes that Adjusted NII is a useful indicator of operations exclusive of any net capital gains incentive fee, as net investment income does not include the net gains, realized or unrealized, associated with the capital gains incentive fee.
Management believes Adjusted NII facilitates the analysis of our results of operations and provides greater transparency into the determination of incentive fees. Adjusted NII is not meant as a substitute for net investment income determined in accordance with GAAP and should be considered in the context of the entirety of our reported results of operations, financial position and cash flows determined in accordance with GAAP.
The following table provides a reconciliation from net investment income (the most comparable GAAP measure) to Adjusted NII for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(000's) Per Share (000's) Per Share (000's) Per Share
Net investment income
$ 16,712 $ 1.25 $ 20,160 $ 1.50 $ 18,352 $ 1.37
Capital Gains Fee
- - - - (1,916) (0.14)
Adjusted NII
$ 16,712 $ 1.25 $ 20,160 $ 1.50 $ 16,436 $ 1.23
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we reversed the previously accrued Capital Gains Fees of $1.9 million due to a reduction in net unrealized appreciation on the investment portfolio. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are intended to enhance investors’ understanding of our business and performance, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered an alternative to GAAP.
Comparison of the three months ended December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024. Consolidated operating results for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
December 31, 2024 September 30, 2024
Investment income
Interest income:
Cash interest income $ 6,771 $ 7,535
PIK interest income 452 349
Net Loan Fee amortization 330 436
Accretion of interest income on CLO subordinated notes 2,691 2,163
Other interest income 230 130
Total interest income 10,474 10,613
Dividend income:
PIK dividends 286 279
Cash dividends 557 11
Total dividend income 843 290
Fee income:
Syndication fees 263 -
Prepayment and other fees 68 15
Total fee income 331 15
Total investment income 11,648 10,918
Total expenses 7,572 7,315
Net investment income 4,076 3,603
Net gain (loss) on investments 21,399 (1,915)
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations $ 25,475 $ 1,688
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, cash interest income decreased $0.8 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a smaller average investment portfolio, at cost, and a reduction in reference interest rates as our loan portfolio predominately consisted of floating rate loans.
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, dividend income increased $0.6 million, primarily due to a non-recurring cash dividend of $0.5 million from our common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc.
Expenses. Operating expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024 are presented below (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
December 31, 2024 September 30, 2024
Interest expense $ 3,937 $ 4,022
Base management fees 1,520 1,472
Income Incentive Fee 1,019 901
Professional fees 411 391
Administration fees 337 337
Other expenses 348 192
Total expenses $ 7,572 $ 7,315
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, total expenses increased $0.3 million compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to an aggregate increase in base management fees and the Income Incentive Fee of $0.2 million.
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments. Net gain (loss) by investment type for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
December 31, 2024 September 30, 2024
Debt investments $ 1,310 $ (4,327)
Equity investments 18,538 3,916
Structured Finance Securities 1,638 (1,272)
Current/deferred income tax expense (87) (232)
Net gain (loss) on investments $ 21,399 $ (1,915)
Net gain (loss) on investments for the three months ended December 31, 2024
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, our portfolio experienced net gains of $21.4 million, primarily due to net unrealized appreciation of $15.6 million on our common equity investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc.
Net gain (loss) on investments for the three months ended September 30, 2024
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized a net loss on investments of $1.9 million, primarily comprised of aggregate net losses of $5.6 million on our loans and Structured Finance Securities, and partially offset by net gains of $3.7 million on our equity securities.
Portfolio Yields. The following table presents weighted-average yield metrics for our portfolio:
Three Months Ended
December 31, 2024 September 30, 2024
Weighted-average performing income yield(1):
Debt investments 12.9 % 13.3 %
Structured Finance Securities 16.3 % 14.2 %
Interest-bearing investments 13.8 % 13.6 %
Weighted-average realized yield:
Interest-bearing investments(2)
11.9 % 11.8 %
(1) Performing income yield is calculated as (a) the actual amount earned on performing interest-bearing investments, including interest, prepayment fees and amortization of Net Loan Fees, divided by (b) the weighted-average of total performing interest-bearing investments at amortized cost.
(2) Realized yield is calculated as (a) the actual amount earned on interest-bearing investments, including interest, prepayment fees and amortization of Net Loan Fees, divided by (b) the weighted-average of total interest-bearing investments at amortized cost, in each case, including debt investments on non-accrual status and non-performing Structured Finance Securities.
For the three months ended December 31, 2024, the weighted average performing income yield on interest-bearing investments increased primarily due to the rotation of our Structured Finance Security portfolio into higher-yielding positions with longer average reinvestment periods remaining during the current and prior quarter.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2024, we held cash of $6.1 million, which includes $4.8 million held by OFSCC-FS. Distributions from OFSCC-FS to the Parent are restricted by the terms and conditions of the BNP Facility. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Parent received $11.4 million in cash distributions from OFSCC-FS.
Prior to surrendering our SBIC license on April 17, 2024, our use of cash held by SBIC I LP was restricted by SBA regulation, including limitations on the amount of cash SBIC I LP could distribute to the Parent.
At December 31, 2024, we had an unused commitment of $24.0 million under our Banc of California Credit Facility, as well as an unused commitment of $82.7 million under the BNP Facility, both of which are subject to borrowing base requirements and other covenants.
As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate amount outstanding of the senior securities issued by us was $248.4 million, for which our asset coverage was 169%, exceeding our minimum assert coverage requirement of 150% under the 1940 Act. The
asset coverage ratio for a class of senior securities representing indebtedness is calculated as our consolidated total assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, divided by total senior securities representing indebtedness.
Sources and Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents. We generate cash through operations from net investment income and the net proceeds from liquidation of portfolio investments, and use cash in our operations in the net purchase of portfolio investments. Significant variations may exist between net investment income and cash from net investment income, primarily due to the recognition of non-cash investment income, including Net Loan Fee amortization, PIK interest, and PIK dividends, which generally will not be fully realized in cash until we exit the investment, as well as accreted interest income on Structured Finance Securities, which may not coincide with cash distributions from these investments. As discussed in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 3”, we pay OFS Advisor a quarterly incentive fee with respect to our pre-incentive fee net investment income, which includes investment income that has not been received in cash. In addition, we must distribute substantially all our taxable income, which approximates, but will not always equal, the cash we generate from net investment income to maintain our RIC tax treatment. We also obtain cash to fund investments or general corporate activities from the issuance of securities and our revolving lines of credit. These principal sources and uses of cash and liquidity are presented below (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Cash from net investment income(1)
$ 13,707 $ 17,742 $ 14,201
Net (purchases and originations) repayments of portfolio investments(1)
19,303 63,824 (11,255)
Net cash provided by operating activities 33,010 81,566 2,946
Distributions paid to stockholders (18,221) (17,954) (15,385)
Net borrowings (repayments) under revolving line of credits (22,150) (14,200) 4,700
Repayments of SBA debentures (31,920) (19,000) (19,000)
Payment of deferred debt issuance costs - - (1,372)
Net cash used by financing activities (72,291) (51,154) (31,057)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ (39,281) $ 30,412 $ (28,111)
(1) Cash from net investment income includes all other cash flows from operating activities reported in our statements of cash flows. Net purchases and originations/repayments and sales of portfolio investments includes the purchase and origination of portfolio investments, proceeds from principal payments on portfolio investments, proceeds from sale or redemption of portfolio investments, changes in receivable for investments sold, payable from investments purchased as reported in our statements of cash flows, as well as differences in proceeds from distributions received from Structured Finance Securities relative to accretion of interest income on Structured Finance Securities.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents decreased $39.3 million, primarily due to aggregate net repayments on our outstanding debt of $54.1 million, partially offset by $19.3 million of net repayments on portfolio investments.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents increased $30.4 million, primarily due to $63.8 million of net repayments on portfolio investments, partially offset by aggregate net repayments on our outstanding debt of $33.2 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents decreased $28.1 million, primarily due to the use of $31.1 million in financing activities. Our net cash used by financing activities primarily related to the redemption of $19.0 million in SBA debentures and $15.4 million of distributions paid to stockholders, respectively.
Borrowings
SBA Debentures. On March 1, 2024, SBIC I LP fully repaid its outstanding SBA debentures totaling $31.9 million, and, on April 17, 2024, surrendered its license to operate as a SBIC.
Banc of California Credit Facility. We are party to the BLA with Banc of California, as lender, to provide us with a senior secured revolving credit facility, or the Banc of California Credit Facility. The Banc of California Credit Facility is available for general corporate purposes including investment funding. The maximum availability of the Banc of California Credit Facility is equal to 50% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of eligible loans included in the borrowing base, which typically excludes Structured Finance Securities and as otherwise specified in the BLA. The Banc of California Credit Facility is guaranteed by OFSCC-MB and secured by all of our and OFSCC-MB’s current and future assets, excluding assets held by OFSCC-FS and SBIC I LP, and our partnership interests in SBIC I LP. As of December 31, 2024, OFSCC-MB and us held aggregate total assets of $179.4 million.
The BLA contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting requirements, a minimum tangible NAV, a minimum quarterly net investment income after incentive fees, and a maximum ratio of total liabilities divided by NAV. The BLA also contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, nonpayment, misrepresentation of representations and warranties in a material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default to other indebtedness, bankruptcy, change in investment advisor, and the occurrence of a material adverse change in our financial condition. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance in all material respects with the applicable covenants.
As of December 31, 2024, the terms of the Banc of California Credit Facility were as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):
Principal Outstanding Unused Commitment Floor Rate Interest Rate Stated Coupon Annual Commitment Fee Maturity Date
Banc of California Credit Facility
$1,000 $24,000 5.00% Prime + 0.25% 7.75% 0.50% February 28, 2026
On December 15, 2023, we amended the Banc of California Credit Facility to: (i) extend the maturity date from February 28, 2024 to February 28, 2026; (ii) increase the interest rate floor from 4.00% to 5.00%; and (iii) eliminate the 0.50% unused line fee and replace it with an annual commitment fee of 0.50%.
On December 15, 2022, we amended the Banc of California Credit Facility to: (i) reduce the maximum amount available under the Banc of California Credit Facility from $35.0 million to $25.0 million; and (ii) eliminate the No Net Losses covenant, which restricted net losses (defined as income after adjustments to the investment portfolio for gains and losses, realized and unrealized, also shown as net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations) in more than two quarters during the prior four quarters then ended.
On April 22, 2022, we amended the Banc of California Credit Facility to: (i) increase the maximum amount available under the Banc of California Credit Facility from $25.0 million to $35.0 million; and (ii) extend the maturity date of the Banc of California Credit Facility from February 28, 2023 to February 28, 2024.
BNP Facility. On June 20, 2019, we entered into the a revolving credit and security agreement by and among OFSCC-FS, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, BNP Paribas, as administrative agent, OFSCC-FS Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, as equityholder, the Company, as servicer, Citibank, N.A., as collateral agent and Virtus Group, LP, as collateral administrator, which provides for borrowings in an aggregate principal amount up to $150.0 million.
Borrowings under the BNP Facility bear interest at a variable rate of SOFR plus a variable margin (2.65% floor), which is determined on the basis of industry-recognized portfolio company metrics at the time of funding. The BNP Facility will mature on the earlier of June 20, 2027 or upon certain other events defined in the credit agreement which result in accelerated maturity. The reinvestment period of the BNP Facility ends on June 20, 2025, upon which the ability to access the unused commitment of the facility terminates.
The BNP Facility also contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, nonpayment, failure to maintain valid ownership interest in all of the collateral and bankruptcy. Borrowings under the BNP Facility are secured by substantially all of the assets held by OFSCC-FS. As of December 31, 2024, total assets held by OFSCC-FS were $151.0 million.
On June 24, 2022, OFSCC-FS amended the BNP Facility to, among other things: (i) extend the reinvestment period under the BNP Facility for three years from June 20, 2022 to June 20, 2025; (ii) extend the maturity date under the BNP Facility from June 20, 2024 to June 20, 2027; (iii) convert the benchmark interest rate from LIBOR to SOFR; (iv) increase the applicable margin by 0.40% on all classes of loans; and (v) increase the applicable margin floor from 1.925% to 2.65%.
As of December 31, 2024, the BNP Facility had the following terms and balances (dollar amounts in thousands):
Principal Outstanding Unused Commitment Interest Rate Margin Floor Stated Coupon Maturity
BNP Facility $67,350 $82,650 SOFR + 2.65% 2.65% 7.16% June 20, 2027
Unsecured Notes. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Unsecured Notes totaled $180.0 million in aggregate principal debt. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not issue, redeem or repurchase any Unsecured Notes.
The Unsecured Notes are direct unsecured obligations and rank equal in right of payment with all of our current and future unsecured indebtedness. Because the Unsecured Notes are not secured by any of our assets, they are effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured unsubordinated indebtedness (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured as to which we subsequently grant a security interest), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, including, without limitation, borrowings under the Banc of California Credit Facility.
In order to, among other things, reduce future cash interest payments, as well as future amounts due at maturity or upon redemption, we may, from time to time, purchase the Unsecured Notes for cash in open market purchases and/or privately negotiated transactions. We will evaluate any such transactions in light of then-existing market conditions, taking into account our current liquidity, prospects for future access to capital, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved in any such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material.
As of December 31, 2024, the Unsecured Notes had the following terms and balances (dollar amounts in thousands):
Unsecured Notes Principal Stated Interest Rate(1)
Effective Interest Rate(2)
Maturity(3)
Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 $ 125,000 4.75 % 5.39 % February 10, 2026
Unsecured Notes Due October 2028 55,000 4.95 5.32 October 31, 2028
Total $ 180,000
(1) The weighted-average fixed cash interest rate on the Unsecured Notes as of December 31, 2024 was 4.81%.
(2) The effective interest rate on the Unsecured Notes includes deferred debt issuance cost amortization.
(3) We may redeem the Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 in whole or in part at any time, or from time to time. We are required to pay a “make-whole” premium if the redemption date is prior to November 10, 2025. We may redeem the Unsecured Notes Due October 2028 in whole or in part at any time, or from time to time.
The average dollar borrowings and average interest rate related to our debt for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):
Year Ended Average Dollar Borrowings Weighted-Average Interest Rate
December 31, 2024 $ 260,792 6.38 %
December 31, 2023 324,357 6.01
December 31, 2022 358,337 4.75
The following table shows the scheduled maturities of the principal balances of our outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2024:
Principal Due by Year
Debt liabilities Total 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Banc of California Credit Facility
$ 1,000 $ - $ 1,000 $ - $ - $ -
BNP Facility 67,350 - - 67,350 - -
Unsecured Notes 180,000 - 125,000 - 55,000 -
Total $ 248,350 $ - $ 126,000 $ 67,350 $ 55,000 $ -
As of December 31, 2024, we had $248.4 million of outstanding debt with a weighted-average effective interest rate of 6.2%. Our Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 and the Banc of California Facility, which represents 51% of our outstanding debt, mature in February 2026.
Other Liquidity Matters. We expect to fund the growth of our investment portfolio utilizing future equity offerings, and issuances of senior securities or future borrowings to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. On June 26, 2024, our stockholders approved a proposal to authorize us, with approval of our Board, to sell or otherwise issue shares of our common stock (during a twelve-month period) at a price below our then-current NAV per share in one or more offerings, subject to certain limitations (including that the cumulative number of shares sold pursuant to such authority does not exceed 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale). We cannot assure stockholders that our plans to raise capital will be successful. In addition, we intend to distribute to our stockholders substantially all of our taxable income in order to satisfy the requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code. Consequently, we may not have the funds or the ability to fund new investments or make additional investments in our portfolio companies. The illiquidity of certain portfolio investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired and, if we are required to sell these investments, we may realize significantly less than their recorded value and incur a capital loss.
A BDC generally is not permitted to incur indebtedness unless, immediately after such borrowing, it has an asset coverage ratio for total borrowings of at least 200% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 50% of the value of our assets). However, Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act provides that a BDC may reduce its asset coverage ratio, provided that certain conditions are met. Specifically, Section 61(a)(2) provides that in order for a BDC whose common stock is traded on a national securities exchange to be subject to 150% asset coverage, the BDC must either obtain: (i) approval of the required majority of its non-interested directors who have no financial interest in the proposal, which would become effective one year after the date of such approval; or (ii) obtain stockholder approval (of more than 50% of the votes cast for the proposal at a meeting in which quorum is present), which would become effective on the first day after the date of such stockholder approval.
On May 3, 2018, our Board, including a “required majority” (as such term is defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) thereof, approved the application of the modified asset coverage requirements set forth in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act. As a result, effective May 3, 2019, our minimum required asset coverage ratio decreased from 200% to 150%. See “Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Structure-Because we received the approval of our Board, we became subject to 150% asset coverage effective May 3, 2019.”
This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow. To fund growth in our investment portfolio in the future, we anticipate needing to raise additional capital from various sources, including the equity markets and the securitization or other debt-related markets, which may or may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.
We continue to monitor the current banking environment. If the banks and financial institutions with whom we have credit facilities enter into receivership, undergo consolidation or become insolvent in the future, our liquidity may be reduced significantly. Our cash balances at third-party financial institutions generally exceed the federally insured limit. Our cash and cash equivalent balances are retained in custodian accounts with U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association and Citibank N.A., and we do not believe they are exposed to any significant credit risk.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2024, we had $6.1 million of cash, as well as access to $24.0 million under our Banc of California Credit Facility and $82.7 million under our BNP Facility, to meet our short-term contractual obligations. At December 31, 2024, we had $18.8 million of outstanding commitments to fund portfolio investments that can be funded with our current cash or credit facilities.
The reinvestment period of the BNP Facility ends on June 20, 2025, upon which the ability to access the unused commitment of the facility terminates. If we are unable to amend the BNP Facility to extend the reinvestment period or enter into a new credit facility, our short-term liquidity will be significantly reduced.
Long-term contractual obligations, such as our BNP Facility that matures in 2027 and has $67.4 million outstanding at December 31, 2024, can be repaid by selling OFSCC-FS portfolio investments that have a fair value of $143.0 million at December 31, 2024. A portion of the OFSCC-FS portfolio includes Broadly Syndicated Loans in larger portfolio companies that generally can be sold over a relatively short period to generate cash. We cannot, however, be certain that this source of funds will be available and upon terms acceptable to us in sufficient amounts in the future. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we could realize significantly less than its current fair value and incur significant realized losses on our invested capital.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $180.0 million of outstanding Unsecured Notes, of which $125.0 million matures on February 10, 2026. The Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 can be repaid by issuing additional senior securities to refinance the debt. If we refinance the Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 by issuing additional senior securities, current market rates for similar debt are higher than the stated rate of 4.75% on the Unsecured Notes Due February 2026.
We have entered into contracts with affiliates under which we will incur material future commitments: (i) the Investment Advisory Agreement, pursuant to which OFS Advisor has agreed to serve as our investment adviser; and (ii) the Administration Agreement, pursuant to which OFS Services has agreed to furnish us with the facilities and administrative services necessary to conduct our day-to-day operations.
We may become a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of our portfolio companies. These instruments may include commitments to extend credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of liquidity and credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the balance sheet. There is no guarantee that these amounts will be funded to the borrowing party now or in the future. We continue to believe that we have sufficient levels of liquidity to support our existing portfolio companies and will meet these unfunded commitments by using our cash on hand or utilizing our available borrowings under the Banc of California Credit Facility and BNP Facility.
We are taxed as a RIC under the Code. Generally, a RIC is entitled to deduct dividends it pays to its stockholders from its income to determine “taxable income.” Taxable income includes our taxable interest, dividend and fee income, and taxable net capital gains. Taxable income generally differs from net income for financial reporting purposes due to temporary and permanent differences in the recognition of income and expenses, and generally excludes net unrealized appreciation or depreciation, as gains or losses are not included in taxable income until they are realized. Taxable income includes non-cash income, such as changes in accrued and reinvested interest and dividends, which includes contractual PIK interest, and the amortization of discounts and fees. Cash collections of income resulting from contractual PIK interest and dividends or the amortization of discounts and fees generally occur upon the repayment of the loans or debt securities that include such items. Non-cash taxable income is reduced by non-cash expenses, such as realized losses and depreciation, and amortization expense.
Our Board maintains a variable dividend policy with the objective of distributing quarterly distributions in an amount not less than 90% of our taxable quarterly income or potential annual income for a particular year. In addition, during the year, we may pay a special dividend, such that we may make additional, non-recurring, distributions of accumulated taxable income, while maintaining the option to spill over our excess taxable income to a following year. We may choose to retain a portion of our taxable income in any year and pay the 4% U.S. federal excise tax on the retained amounts. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recognized U.S. federal excise tax expense (benefit) of $(0.1) million, $0 and $0.1 million, respectively. Each year, a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the source of our distributions is provided to our stockholders, as required.
For a detailed description of our distributions paid for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 10.”
Recent Developments
On January 28, 2025, Jeffrey A. Cerny notified our Board of his intention to retire. Mr. Cerny’s resignation as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer is effective on March 31, 2025. The resignation was not in any way related to a disagreement with us on any matter relating to our operations, policies, practices or otherwise. Mr. Cerny will remain on the Board as a Class III Director.
On January 28, 2025, our Board voted to appoint Kyle Spina as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, effective as of March 31, 2025, to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Mr. Cerny.
On February 26, 2025, our Board declared a distribution of $0.34 per share for the first quarter of 2025, payable on March 31, 2025 to stockholders of record as of March 21, 2025.

---

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and the valuations of our investment portfolio. The economic effects of the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, interest rate and inflation rate changes, ongoing supply chain and labor market disruptions, including those as a result of strikes, work stoppages or accidents, the agenda of the new U.S. presidential administration, including the potential impact of tariff enactment and tax reductions, instability in the U.S. and international banking systems and the risk of recession or a shutdown of U.S. government services has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets, and the effects of this volatility has impacted and could continue to impact our market risks. For additional information concerning risks and their potential impact on our business and our operating results, see “Part I-1A. Risk Factors.”
Investment Valuation Risk
Because there is not a readily available market value for most of the investments in our portfolio, we value a significant portion of our portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith by OFS Advisor, as valuation designee, based, in part, on independent third-party valuation firms that have been engaged at the direction of OFS Advisor to assist in the valuation of most portfolio investments without a readily available market quotation. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may fluctuate from period to period. Additionally, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize. Further, some investments may be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or otherwise are less liquid than publicly traded securities. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we could realize significantly less than its current fair value. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates” as well as Notes 2 and 5 to “Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements” for the year ended December 31, 2024 for more information relating to our investment valuation.
Interest Rate Risk
As of December 31, 2024, we held loans and mezzanine debt investments with an aggregate fair value of $215.6 million that bore interest at floating interest rates and contained interest rate reset provisions that adjust applicable interest rates to current rates on a periodic basis. The aggregate 100 basis point reduction in the U.S. Federal Reserve target federal funds rate effected from September 2024 through December 2024 influences SOFR-based rates, to which our variable rate debt investments are generally indexed. These rate decreases will likely result in our variable rate debt investments generating less interest income. Changes in interest rates, including potential additional interest rate reductions approved by the U.S. Federal Reserve, may impact our investment income, cost of funding and the valuation of our investments. Additional reductions in interest rates would reduce our interest income, which could in turn decrease our net investment income if such decreases in base interest rates are not offset by other factors, such as increases in the spread over such base interest rates or decreases in our operating expenses.
Our Unsecured Notes bear interest at fixed rates, which may result in net interest margin compression in a period of falling rates. As of December 31, 2024, our Banc of California Credit Facility and BNP Facility had floating interest rate provisions based on the applicable reference rates.
Interest rate sensitivity refers to the change in interest income and interest expense that may result from changes in the level of interest rates. As of December 31, 2024, 1-month and 3-month SOFR were 4.33% and 4.31%, respectively. Assuming that the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 were to remain constant and that we took no actions to alter our existing interest rate sensitivity, the following tables show the annualized impact of hypothetical changes in reference rates (in thousands):
Basis point increase Interest income Interest expense Net change
25 $ 79 $ (34) $ 45
50 652 (205) 447
75 1,224 (376) 848
100 1,797 (546) 1,251
125 2,369 (717) 1,652
Basis point decrease Interest income Interest expense Net change
25 $ (1,066) $ 308 $ (758)
50 (1,638) 479 (1,159)
75 (2,210) 650 (1,560)
100 (2,783) 821 (1,962)
125 (3,355) 991 (2,364)
Although we believe that the foregoing analysis is illustrative of our sensitivity to interest rate changes as of December 31, 2024, it does not adjust for potential changes in the credit market, credit quality, size and composition of the assets in our portfolio, and other business developments, including borrowings under our credit facilities, that could affect net increase in net assets resulting from operations, or net income. Accordingly, no assurances can be given that actual results would not differ materially from the statement above.

---

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Firm ID 185)
Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Schedules of Investments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
OFS Capital Corporation:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of assets and liabilities of OFS Capital Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company), including the consolidated schedules of investments, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Such procedures also included confirmation of investments owned as of December 31, 2024 by correspondence with the custodians, agent banks, portfolio companies, or by other appropriate auditing procedures where replies were not received. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Accompanying Supplemental Information
We have also previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities of the Company, including the consolidated schedules of investments, as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (none of which is presented herein), and we expressed unqualified opinions on those consolidated financial statements. The senior securities information included in Part II, Item 5 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company as of December 31, 2024, under the caption “Senior Securities” (the Senior Securities Table), has been subjected to audit procedures performed in conjunction with the audits of the Company’s respective consolidated financial statements. The Senior Securities Table is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our audit procedures included determining whether the Senior Securities Table reconciles to the respective consolidated financial statements or the underlying accounting and other records, as applicable, and performing procedures to test the completeness and accuracy of the information presented in the Senior Securities Table. In forming our opinion on the Senior Securities Table, we evaluated whether the Senior Securities Table, including its form and content, is presented in conformity with the instructions to Form N-2. In our opinion, the Senior Securities Table is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the respective consolidated financial statements as a whole.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of the fair value of Portfolio Company Investments using unobservable inputs
As discussed in Notes 2 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company measures its investments at fair value. For those investments where the valuation is based on less observable or unobservable inputs, the Company’s determination of fair value requires more judgment. The majority of the Company’s investments are debt or equity investments in a portfolio company, excluding Structured Finance Securities, (collectively, Portfolio Company Investments), valued using unobservable inputs which the Company measures using either the income approach or market approach, or combining multiple valuation approaches. As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of such investments was $311.0 million.
We identified the evaluation of the fair value of Portfolio Company Investments valued using unobservable inputs as a critical audit matter. In particular, assessing the discount rates used in the discounted cash flows valuation technique and the earnings metric multiples used in the market approach valuation technique required a high degree of subjective auditor judgment and the involvement of valuation professionals.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design of certain internal controls related to the fair value of Portfolio Company Investments using unobservable inputs. This included controls related to the development of the discount rates and earnings metric multiples used in the discounted cash flows and market approach valuation techniques, respectively. For a selection of Portfolio Company Investments, we compared relevant data elements used by the Company to derive the discount rates and earnings metric multiples to underlying documentation. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in evaluating a selection of Portfolio Company Investments by developing:
•a market yield analysis that assessed publicly available market information such as observable market yields of comparable companies of similar credit quality for selected Portfolio Company Investments fair valued by the Company using the income approach
•a set of guideline public companies that assessed market information from publicly available sources, including earnings metric multiples of publicly traded comparable companies for selected Portfolio Company Investments fair valued by the Company using the market approach
•a fair value range for the selected Portfolio Company Investments, based upon the independent market research performed and compared the results to the Company’s fair value estimates.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
Chicago, Illinois
March 4, 2025
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
December 31,
2024 2023
Assets
Investments, at fair value
Non-control/non-affiliate investments (amortized cost of $352,089 and $384,339, respectively)
$ 305,242 $ 333,456
Affiliate investments (amortized cost of $11,458 and $19,191, respectively)
104,423 86,831
Total investments, at fair value (amortized cost of $363,547 and $403,530, respectively)
409,665 420,287
Cash and cash equivalents 6,068 45,349
Receivable for investments sold 9,247 -
Interest and dividend receivable 1,774 2,217
Prepaid expenses and other assets 1,369 1,965
Total assets 428,123 469,818
Liabilities
Revolving lines of credit 68,350 90,500
SBA debentures (net of deferred debt issuance costs of $0 and $20, respectively)
- 31,900
Unsecured Notes (net of discounts and deferred debt issuance costs of $1,688 and $2,667, respectively)
178,312 177,333
Interest payable 3,195 3,712
Payable to investment adviser and affiliates (Note 3) 3,145 3,556
Payable for investments purchased 1,802 -
Other liabilities 1,094 813
Total liabilities 255,898 307,814
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Net Assets
Preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per share, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
- -
Common stock, par value of $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 13,398,078 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
134 134
Paid-in capital in excess of par 184,912 184,841
Total distributable earnings (accumulated losses) (12,821) (22,971)
Total net assets 172,225 162,004
Total liabilities and net assets $ 428,123 $ 469,818
Number of common shares outstanding 13,398,078 13,398,078
Net asset value per share $ 12.85 $ 12.09
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Investment income
Interest income:
Non-control/non-affiliate investments $ 41,699 $ 53,208 $ 45,636
Control investments - - 98
Total interest income 41,699 53,208 45,734
Payment-in-kind interest and dividend income:
Non-control/non-affiliate investments 1,635 1,461 480
Affiliate investments 1,098 1,136 466
Control investments - - 43
Total payment-in-kind interest and dividend income: 2,733 2,597 989
Dividend income:
Non-control/non-affiliate investments 43 29 800
Affiliate investments 2,984 630 103
Control investments - - 45
Total dividend income 3,027 659 948
Fee income:
Non-control/non-affiliate investments 505 479 1,067
Control investments - - 6
Total fee income 505 479 1,073
Total investment income 47,964 56,943 48,744
Expenses
Interest expense 16,648 19,482 17,025
Base management fees 5,993 7,218 7,979
Income Incentive Fee 4,178 5,040 2,276
Capital Gains Fee - - (1,916)
Professional fees 1,630 1,681 1,608
Administration fees 1,521 1,680 1,742
Other expenses 1,282 1,682 1,678
Total expenses 31,252 36,783 30,392
Net investment income 16,712 20,160 18,352
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Net realized loss on non-control/non-affiliate investments (10,606) (838) (2,163)
Net realized loss on affiliate investments (6,506) - -
Net realized gain (loss) on control investments - (10,516) 278
Income tax (expense) benefit on net realized gains on investments (9) (51) 155
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on non-control/non-affiliate investments 4,035 (7,033) (42,110)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on affiliate investments 25,326 (10,961) 23,667
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on control investments - 9,056 (5,648)
Deferred tax (expense) benefit on net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) (510) (69) 27
Net gain (loss) on investments 11,730 (20,412) (25,794)
Loss on extinguishment of debt - (213) (144)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations $ 28,442 $ (465) $ (7,586)
Net investment income per common share - basic and diluted $ 1.25 $ 1.50 $ 1.37
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations per common share - basic and diluted $ 2.12 $ (0.04) $ (0.57)
Distributions declared per common share $ 1.36 $ 1.34 $ 1.16
Basic and diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding 13,398,078 13,398,078 13,417,410
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Preferred Stock Common Stock
Number of shares Par value Number of shares Par value Paid-in capital in excess of par Total distributable earnings (accumulated losses) Total net assets
Balances at December 31, 2021 - $ - 13,422,413 $ 134 $ 185,113 $ 18,497 $ 203,744
Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations:
Net investment income - - - - - 18,352 18,352
Net realized losses on investments, net of taxes - - - - - (1,730) (1,730)
Net unrealized depreciation on investments, net of deferred taxes - - - - - (24,064) (24,064)
Loss on extinguishment of debt - - - - - (144) (144)
Tax reclassifications of permanent differences - - - - (101) 101 -
Distributions to stockholders:
Common stock issued from reinvestment of stockholder distributions - - 17,919 - 179 - 179
Dividends declared - - - - - (15,564) (15,564)
Repurchase of common stock - - (42,254) - (350) - (350)
Net decrease for the year ended December 31, 2022 - - (24,335) - (272) (23,049) (23,321)
Balances at December 31, 2022 - $ - 13,398,078 $ 134 $ 184,841 $ (4,552) $ 180,423
Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations:
Net investment income - - - - - 20,160 20,160
Net realized losses on investments, net of taxes - - - - - (11,405) (11,405)
Net unrealized depreciation on investments, net of deferred taxes - - - - - (9,007) (9,007)
Loss on extinguishment of debt - - - - - (213) (213)
Dividends declared - - - - - (17,954) (17,954)
Net decrease for the year ended December 31, 2023 - - - - - (18,419) (18,419)
Balances at December 31, 2023 - $ - 13,398,078 $ 134 $ 184,841 $ (22,971) $ 162,004
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations:
Net investment income - - - - - 16,712 16,712
Net realized losses on investments, net of taxes - - - - - (17,121) (17,121)
Net unrealized appreciation on investments, net of deferred taxes - - - - - 28,851 28,851
Tax reclassifications of permanent differences - - - - 71 (71) -
Dividends declared - - - - - (18,221) (18,221)
Net increase for the year ended December 31, 2024 - - - - 71 10,150 10,221
Balances at December 31, 2024 - $ - 13,398,078 $ 134 $ 184,912 $ (12,821) $ 172,225
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations $ 28,442 $ (465) $ (7,586)
Adjustments to reconcile net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net realized loss on investments 17,112 11,354 1,885
Net unrealized (appreciation) depreciation on investments, net of deferred taxes (28,851) 9,007 24,064
Income tax expense (benefit) from net realized gains on investments 9 51 (155)
Loss on extinguishment of debt - 213 144
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs 1,505 1,528 1,549
Write-off of deferred offering costs 99 - -
Amortization of intangible asset 69 408 409
Amortization of Net Loan Fees (1,649) (1,836) (1,738)
Amendment fees received 281 250 206
Payment-in-kind interest and dividend income (2,733) (2,597) (976)
Accretion of interest income on Structured Finance Securities (8,731) (10,857) (10,656)
Purchase and origination of portfolio investments (93,370) (41,736) (154,167)
Proceeds from principal payments on portfolio investments 67,144 83,004 88,673
Proceeds from sale or redemption of portfolio investments 46,110 18,930 46,617
Distributions received from portfolio investments 15,595 14,483 12,173
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest and dividend receivable 443 (15) (727)
Receivable for investments sold (9,247) - 14,893
Interest payable (517) (235) 262
Payable to investment adviser and affiliates (411) (353) (2,308)
Payable for investments purchased 1,802 - (8,788)
Other assets and liabilities (92) 432 (828)
Net cash provided by operating activities 33,010 81,566 2,946
Cash flows from financing activities
Distributions paid to common stockholders (18,221) (17,954) (15,385)
Borrowings under revolving lines of credit 17,500 26,550 59,450
Repayments under revolving lines of credit (39,650) (40,750) (54,750)
Repayments of SBA debentures (31,920) (19,000) (19,000)
Payments of deferred debt issuance costs - - (1,372)
Net cash used in financing activities (72,291) (51,154) (31,057)
Net increase (decrease) in cash (39,281) 30,412 (28,111)
Cash - beginning of year 45,349 14,937 43,048
Cash - end of year $ 6,068 $ 45,349 $ 14,937
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for interest $ 15,660 $ 18,189 $ 15,214
Reinvestment of stockholder distributions - - 179
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Non-control/Non-affiliate Investments
24 Seven Holdco, LLC (15) Temporary Help Services
First Lien Debt 10.50% SOFR+ 6.00% 1/28/2022 11/16/2027 $ 8,730 $ 8,698 $ 8,730 5.1 %
AIDC Intermediateco 2, LLC (15) Computer Systems Design Services
First Lien Debt 9.59% SOFR+ 5.25% 7/22/2022 7/22/2027 1,960 1,935 1,960 1.1
First Lien Debt 9.61% SOFR+ 5.25% 7/31/2023 7/22/2027 46 45 46 -
2,006 1,980 2,006 1.1
Allen Media, LLC (15) Cable and Other Subscription Programming
First Lien Debt 9.98% SOFR+ 5.50% 3/2/2021 2/10/2027 3,691 3,688 2,596 1.5
Associated Spring, LLC (15) Spring Manufacturing
First Lien Debt 10.33% SOFR+ 5.75% 12/10/2024 4/4/2030 2,276 2,231 2,231 1.3
First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 5.75% 12/10/2024 4/4/2030 - (9) (9) -
2,276 2,222 2,222 1.3
Avison Young Inc. (8) (15) Nonresidential Property Managers
First Lien Debt (11) 6.15% cash / 6.50% PIK
SOFR+ 8.00% 11/25/2021 3/12/2029 1,564 1,564 1,405 0.8
First Lien Debt (6) (10) (11) 6.15% cash / 6.50% PIK
SOFR+ 8.00% 11/25/2021 3/12/2029 527 474 197 0.1
Common Equity (1,185 Class B units) (10) (13)
3/12/2024 1,400 - -
Preferred Equity (1,715 Class A units) 12.5% PIK (10) (13)
3/12/2024 1,269 - -
2,091 4,707 1,602 0.9
BayMark Health Services, Inc. (15) Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers
Second Lien Debt 13.09% SOFR+ 8.50% 6/10/2021 6/11/2028 4,962 4,925 4,645 2.7
Second Lien Debt 13.12% SOFR+ 8.50% 6/10/2021 6/11/2028 3,988 3,957 3,733 2.2
8,950 8,882 8,378 4.9
BCPE North Star US Holdco 2, Inc. (F/K/A Dessert Holdings) Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing
Second Lien Debt 11.72% SOFR+ 7.25% 2/2/2022 6/8/2029 3,667 3,407 3,546 2.1
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Boca Home Care Holdings, Inc. (19) Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities
First Lien Debt (15) 10.96% SOFR+ 6.50% 2/25/2022 2/25/2027 $ 9,627 $ 9,568 $ 9,560 5.6 %
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.50% 2/25/2022 2/25/2027 - (7) (9) -
Common Equity (1,290 Class A units) (10)
2/25/2022 1,290 679 0.4
Preferred Equity (3,446 Class A Units), 12.0% cash / 2.0% PIK
3/3/2023 345 358 0.2
9,627 11,196 10,588 6.2
Clevertech Bidco, LLC Commodity Contracts Dealing
First Lien Debt (15) 11.23% SOFR+ 6.75% 11/3/2023 12/30/2027 3,166 3,097 3,124 1.8
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.75% 11/3/2023 12/30/2027 - (6) (4) -
3,166 3,091 3,120 1.8
Constellis Holdings, LLC (10) Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities
Common Equity (20,628 common shares)
3/27/2020 703 61 -
Convergint Technologies Holdings, LLC Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths)
Second Lien Debt 11.22% SOFR+ 6.75% 9/28/2018 3/30/2029 5,938 5,878 5,938 3.4
Creation Technologies Inc. (8) (15) Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing
First Lien Debt 10.35% SOFR+ 5.50% 9/24/2021 10/5/2028 1,950 1,942 1,915 1.1
East West Manufacturing LLC (15) Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing
First Lien Debt 10.11% SOFR+ 5.75% 2/11/2022 12/22/2028 1,910 1,899 1,910 1.1
Envocore Holding, LLC (F/K/A LRI Holding, LLC) (17) Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors
First Lien Debt 7.50% N/A 6/30/2017 12/31/2025 6,231 6,231 6,231 3.6
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) 7.50% N/A 11/29/2021 12/31/2025 899 899 899 0.5
Second Lien Debt (6) (10) 10.00% PIK
N/A 6/30/2017 12/31/2026 8,677 6,584 2,018 1.2
Equity Participation Rights (7) (10) 12/31/2021 4,722 - -
15,807 18,436 9,148 5.3
Excelin Home Health, LLC Home Health Care Services
Second Lien Debt 18.00% PIK
N/A 10/25/2018 10/1/2026 5,955 5,891 4,913 2.9
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
First Brands Group, LLC (14) (15) Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing
First Lien Debt 9.85% SOFR+ 5.00% 8/23/2024 3/30/2027 $ 3,343 $ 3,300 $ 3,148 1.8 %
First Lien Debt 9.85% SOFR+ 5.00% 8/26/2024 3/30/2027 1,632 1,614 1,533 0.9
4,975 4,914 4,681 2.7
GGC Aerospace Topco L.P. (10) Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing
Common Equity (368,852 Class A units)
12/29/2017 450 - -
Common Equity (40,984 Class B units)
12/29/2017 50 - -
500 - -
GoTo Group (F/K/A LogMeIn, Inc.) (14) (15) Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services
First Lien Debt 9.30% SOFR+ 4.75% 3/26/2021 4/28/2028 936 936 855 0.5
First Lien Debt 9.30% SOFR+ 4.75% 3/26/2021 4/28/2028 1,293 1,292 594 0.3
2,229 2,228 1,449 0.9
Heritage Grocers Group, LLC. (F/K/A Tony's Fresh Market / Cardenas Markets) (14) (15) Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores
First Lien Debt 11.18% SOFR+ 6.75% 7/20/2022 8/1/2029 9,000 8,813 8,591 5.0
Honor HN Buyer Inc Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities
First Lien Debt (15) 10.23% SOFR+ 5.75% 10/15/2021 10/15/2027 6,400 6,341 6,400 3.7
First Lien Debt (15) 10.23% SOFR+ 5.75% 10/15/2021 10/15/2027 4,047 4,004 4,047 2.4
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) 12.25% Prime+ 4.75% 10/15/2021 10/15/2027 95 88 95 0.1
First Lien Debt (15) 10.23% SOFR+ 5.75% 3/31/2023 10/15/2027 4,503 4,469 4,503 2.6
First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) (5) (15) n/m (18) SOFR+ 5.75% 10/15/2024 10/15/2026 - (22) - -
15,045 14,880 15,045 8.8
Idera Inc. Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers
Second Lien Debt 11.47% SOFR+ 6.75% 1/27/2022 3/2/2029 2,683 2,683 2,683 1.6
Inergex Holdings, LLC (11) Other Computer Related Services
First Lien Debt 11.47% cash / 2.00% PIK
SOFR+ 7.00% 10/1/2018 10/1/2026 14,784 14,658 14,784 8.6
First Lien Debt (Revolver) 11.74% cash / 2.00% PIK
SOFR+ 7.00% 10/1/2018 10/1/2026 2,344 2,344 2,344 1.4
17,128 17,002 17,128 10.0
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Ivanti Software, Inc. (14) (15) Software Publishers
First Lien Debt 9.12% SOFR+ 4.25% 3/26/2021 12/1/2027 $ 2,903 $ 2,908 $ 2,014 1.2 %
JP Intermediate B, LLC (6) (15) Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers
First Lien Debt 14.00% Prime+ 6.50% 1/14/2021 11/20/2027 4,638 4,491 2,102 1.2
Kreg LLC Other Ambulatory Health Care Services
First Lien Debt (11) (15) 8.73% cash / 2.50% PIK
SOFR+ 4.25% 12/20/2021 12/20/2026 17,582 17,533 16,720 9.7
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.25% 12/20/2021 12/20/2026 - (4) (66) -
17,582 17,529 16,654 9.7
Medrina LLC All Other Outpatient Care Centers
First Lien Debt (15) 10.44% SOFR+ 6.00% 10/20/2023 10/20/2029 2,212 2,167 2,234 1.3
First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) (5) (15) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.00% 10/20/2023 10/20/2029 - (1) 4 -
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.00% 10/20/2023 10/20/2029 - (6) - -
2,212 2,160 2,238 1.3
Metasource, LLC (15) All Other Business Support Services
First Lien Debt 10.84% cash / 0.50% PIK
SOFR+ 6.25% 5/17/2022 5/17/2027 2,741 2,708 2,593 1.5
One GI LLC Offices of Other Holding Companies
First Lien Debt (15) 11.21% SOFR+ 6.75% 12/13/2021 12/22/2025 7,356 7,320 7,143 4.1
First Lien Debt (15) 11.21% SOFR+ 6.75% 12/13/2021 12/22/2025 3,877 3,857 3,764 2.2
First Lien Debt (Revolver) 11.25% SOFR+ 6.75% 12/13/2021 12/22/2025 1,444 1,437 1,403 0.8
12,677 12,614 12,310 7.1
Planet Bingo, LLC (F/K/A 3rd Rock Gaming Holdings, LLC) (6) Software Publishers
First Lien Debt 6.50% N/A 3/13/2018 12/31/2026 16,648 14,113 7,159 4.2
PM Acquisition LLC All Other General Merchandise Stores
Common Equity (499 units) (10)
9/30/2017 499 1,196 0.7
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Redstone Holdco 2 LP (F/K/A RSA Security) (15) Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers
First Lien Debt (14) 9.60% SOFR+ 4.75% 4/16/2021 4/27/2028 $ 1,715 $ 1,710 $ 1,039 0.6 %
Second Lien Debt 12.60% SOFR+ 7.75% 4/16/2021 4/27/2029 4,450 4,415 2,563 1.5
6,165 6,125 3,602 2.1
RPLF Holdings, LLC (10) (13) Software Publishers
Common Equity (345,339 Class A units)
1/17/2018 - 1,834 1.1
RumbleOn, Inc. (8) (15) Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing
First Lien Debt (11) 12.10% Cash / 1.50% PIK
SOFR+ 8.75% 8/31/2021 8/31/2026 2,609 2,549 2,476 1.4
First Lien Debt (11) 12.10% Cash / 1.50% PIK
SOFR+ 8.75% 8/31/2021 8/31/2026 787 778 747 0.4
Warrants (warrants to purchase up to $218,000 in common stock) (10)
8/31/2021 8/14/2028 (12) 200 34 -
3,396 3,527 3,257 1.8
Sentry Centers Holdings, LLC (10) (13) Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Preferred Equity (1,603 Series B units)
9/4/2020 160 1 -
Signal Parent, Inc. (14) (15) New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders)
First Lien Debt 7.96% SOFR+ 3.50% 3/25/2021 4/3/2028 1,785 1,776 1,605 0.9
SS Acquisition, LLC Sports and Recreation Instruction
First Lien Debt 10.35% SOFR+ 6.00% 12/20/2024 12/20/2029 12,464 12,402 12,402 7.2
First Lien Debt (15) 10.35% SOFR+ 6.00% 12/20/2024 12/20/2029 4,500 4,478 4,478 2.6
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.00% 12/20/2024 12/20/2029 - (9) (9) -
16,964 16,871 16,871 9.8
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
SSJA Bariatric Management LLC (10) (15) (19) Offices of Physicians, Mental Health Specialists
First Lien Debt (6) 9.73% SOFR+ 5.25% 8/26/2019 4/30/2025 $ 10,649 $ 9,563 $ 6,624 3.8 %
First Lien Debt (6) 9.73% SOFR+ 5.25% 12/31/2020 4/30/2025 1,151 1,033 716 0.4
First Lien Debt (6) 9.73% SOFR+ 5.25% 12/8/2021 4/30/2025 2,899 2,600 1,803 1.0
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (6) 9.73% SOFR+ 5.25% 8/26/2019 4/30/2025 297 266 185 0.1
Common Equity (867,591 Class F units) (13)
4/10/2024 - - -
14,996 13,462 9,328 5.3
Staples, Inc. (14) (15) Business to Business Electronic Markets
First Lien Debt 10.18% SOFR+ 5.75% 5/23/2024 9/4/2029 2,565 2,473 2,458 1.4
Tolemar Acquisition, Inc. Motorcycle, Bicycle, and Parts Manufacturing
First Lien Debt (15) 10.46% Cash / 1.00% PIK
SOFR+ 6.00% 10/14/2021 10/14/2026 15,302 15,248 14,460 8.4
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) 10.55% SOFR+ 6.00% 10/14/2021 10/14/2026 1,029 1,024 944 0.5
16,331 16,272 15,405 8.9
TruGreen Limited Partnership Landscaping Services
Second Lien Debt 13.35% SOFR+ 8.50% 5/13/2021 11/2/2028 4,500 4,573 4,293 2.5
United Biologics Holdings, LLC (10) (13) Medical Laboratories
Preferred Equity (4,701 units)
4/16/2013 9 - -
Wellful Inc. (F/K/A KNS Acquisition Corp.) (15) Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses
First Lien Debt 9.48% SOFR+ 5.00% 12/19/2024 4/19/2030 2,844 2,844 2,844 1.7
First Lien Debt 10.72% SOFR+ 6.25% 4/16/2021 10/19/2030 4,354 4,354 4,354 2.5
7,198 7,198 7,198 4.2
Total Debt and Equity Investments $ 260,122 $ 263,106 $ 228,367 132.6 %
Structured Finance Securities (8)
Apex Credit CLO 2020 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 18.21% N/A 11/16/2020 4/20/2035 $ 11,080 $ 9,388 $ 7,717 4.5 %
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Apex Credit CLO 2021 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 18.66% N/A 5/28/2021 7/18/2034 $ 8,630 $ 6,400 $ 5,282 3.1 %
Apex Credit CLO 2022-1 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 13.26% N/A 4/28/2022 4/22/2033 10,726 8,598 6,213 3.6
Battalion CLO XI Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 11.75% SOFR+ 6.85% 4/24/2022 4/24/2034 6,000 5,981 5,659 3.3
BlueMountain CLO XXXV Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 15.30% N/A 10/30/2024 10/22/2037 5,800 4,270 4,217 2.4
Brightwood Capital MM CLO 2023-1, Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 15.02% SOFR+ 10.36% 9/28/2023 10/15/2035 2,133 1,965 2,177 1.3
Subordinated Notes (9) (16) 11.91% N/A 9/28/2023 10/15/2035 5,494 4,960 4,461 2.6
7,627 6,924 6,638 3.9
Canyon CLO 2019-1, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 23.97% N/A 8/22/2024 7/15/2037 18,453 9,492 10,296 6.0
Dryden 76 CLO, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 10.31% N/A 9/27/2019 10/15/2037 5,352 3,131 2,210 1.3
ICG US CLO 2021-3, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 30.03% N/A 8/8/2024 10/20/2034 16,750 8,082 9,734 5.7
LCM 42 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 16.91% N/A 12/19/2024 1/15/2038 3,500 2,993 2,993 1.7
Madison Park Funding XXIII, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 12.68% N/A 1/8/2020 7/27/2047 10,000 4,559 4,140 2.4
Madison Park Funding XXIX, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 6.34% N/A 12/22/2020 10/18/2047 9,500 4,866 3,604 2.1
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Monroe Capital MML CLO X, Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class E-R 13.27% SOFR+ 8.75% 4/22/2022 5/20/2034 $ 1,000 $ 978 $ 1,000 0.6 %
Octagon Investment Partners 39, Ltd. (4) (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 0.00% N/A 1/23/2020 10/20/2030 7,000 2,997 1,234 0.7
Park Avenue Institutional Advisers CLO Ltd 2021-1
Mezzanine Debt - Class D 12.18% SOFR+ 7.30% 1/26/2021 1/20/2034 1,000 986 998 0.6
THL Credit Wind River 2019-3 CLO Ltd. (4) (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 0.00% N/A 4/5/2019 4/15/2031 7,000 3,923 1,618 0.9
Trinitas CLO VIII, Ltd. (4) (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 0.00% N/A 3/4/2021 7/20/2117 5,200 2,464 582 0.3
Venture 45 CLO, Limited
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 12.32% SOFR+ 7.70% 4/18/2022 7/20/2035 3,000 2,952 2,739 1.6
Total Structured Finance Securities $ 137,618 $ 88,983 $ 76,875 44.6 %
Total Non-control/Non-affiliate Investments $ 397,740 $ 352,089 $ 305,242 177.2 %
Affiliate Investments
Contract Datascan Holdings, Inc. (19) Office Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing
Preferred Equity (3,061 Series A shares) 10% PIK
8/5/2015 $ 8,407 $ 11,890 6.9 %
Common Equity (11,273 shares) (10)
6/28/2016 104 441 0.3
8,511 12,331 7.2
DRS Imaging Services, LLC (10) (13) (19) Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services
Common Equity (1,135 units)
3/8/2018 1,135 1,190 0.7
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. (19) (20) Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing
Common Equity (400 Class A shares)
1/1/2014 $ 217 $ 89,298 51.8 %
TalentSmart Holdings, LLC (10) (13) (19) Professional and Management Development Training
Common Equity (1,595,238 Class A shares)
10/11/2019 1,595 1,604 0.9
Total Affiliate Investments $ 11,458 $ 104,423 60.6 %
Total Investments $ 397,740 $ 363,547 $ 409,665 237.9 %
(1)Equity ownership may be held in shares or units of companies affiliated with the portfolio company. The Company’s investments are generally classified as “restricted securities” as such term is defined under Regulation S-X Rule 6-03(f) or Securities Act Rule 144.
(2)As of December 31, 2024, the Company held loans and mezzanine debt investments with an aggregate fair value of $215,559 that bore interest at a variable rate indexed to SOFR or Prime, and reset monthly, quarterly, or semi-annually. For each variable-rate investment, the Company has provided the spread over the reference rate and current interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2024. Unless otherwise noted, all investments with a stated PIK rate require interest payments with the issuance of additional securities as payment of the entire PIK provision.
(3)Unless otherwise noted with footnote 14, fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs for all of the Company’s investments and are considered Level 3 under GAAP. See Note 5 for further details.
(4)As of December 31, 2024, the effective accretable yield was estimated to be 0%, as the aggregate amount of projected distributions, including projected distributions related to liquidation of the underlying portfolio upon the security's anticipated optional redemption, was less than current amortized cost. Projected distributions are periodically monitored and re-evaluated. All actual distributions were recognized as reductions to amortized cost until such time, if and when occurring, a future aggregate amount of then-projected distributions exceeds the security's then-current amortized cost.
(5)Subject to unfunded commitments. The Company considers undrawn amounts in the determination of fair value on revolving lines of credit and delayed draw term loans. See Note 6.
(6)Investment was on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2024, meaning the Company suspended recognition of all or a portion of income on the investment. See Note 4 for further details.
(7)Equity participation rights issued by unaffiliated third party fully covered with underlying positions in the portfolio company.
(8)Non-qualifying assets under Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act. Qualifying assets as defined in Section 55 of the 1940 Act must represent at least 70% of the Company's assets immediately following the acquisition of any additional non-qualifying assets. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 80% of the Company's assets were qualifying assets.
(9)The rate disclosed on subordinated note investments is the estimated effective yield, generally established at purchase, and reevaluated upon the receipt of the initial distribution and each subsequent quarter thereafter. The estimated effective yield is based upon projected amounts and timing of future distributions and the projected amounts and timing of terminal principal payments at the time of estimation. The estimated effective yield and investment cost may ultimately not be realized. Projected cash flows, including the amounts and timing of terminal principal payments, which generally are projected to occur prior to the contractual maturity date, were utilized in deriving the effective yield of the investments.
(10)Non-income producing.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2024
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
(11)The interest rate on these investments contains a PIK provision, whereby the issuer has the option to make interest payments in cash or with the issuance of additional securities as payment of the entire PIK provision. The interest rate in the schedule represents the current interest rate in effect for these investments. The following table provides additional details on these PIK investments, including the maximum PIK interest rate allowed as of December 31, 2024:
Portfolio Company Investment Type Maximum PIK
Rate Allowed Range of PIK
Option Range of Cash
Option
Avison Young Inc. First Lien Debt 6.50% 0% to 6.50%
6.15% to 12.65%
Avison Young Inc. First Lien Debt 6.50% 0% to 6.50%
6.15% to 12.65%
Inergex Holdings, LLC First Lien Debt 2.00% 0% to 2.00%
11.47% to 13.47%
Inergex Holdings, LLC First Lien Debt (Revolver) 2.00% 0% to 2.00%
11.74% to 13.74%
Kreg LLC First Lien Debt 2.50% 0% to 2.00%
8.73% to 10.73%
RumbleOn, Inc. First Lien Debt 1.50% 0% to 1.50%
12.10% to 13.60%
RumbleOn, Inc. First Lien Debt 1.50% 0% to 1.50%
12.10% to 13.60%
(12)Represents expiration date of the warrants.
(13)All or portion of investment held by a wholly owned subsidiary subject to income tax.
(14)Fair value was determined by reference to observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets and are considered Level 2 under GAAP. See Note 5 for further details.
(15)Investments (or portion thereof) held by OFSCC-FS. These assets are pledged as collateral of the BNP Facility and cannot be pledged under any other debt obligation of the Company.
(16)Amortized cost reflects accretion of effective yield less any cash distributions received or entitled to be received from CLO subordinated note investments. CLO subordinated note positions are entitled to recurring distributions, which are generally equal to the residual cash flow of payments received on underlying securities less contractual payments to debt holders and fund expenses.
(17)The Company holds at least one seat on the portfolio company’s board of directors.
(18)Not meaningful as there is no outstanding balance on the revolver or delayed draw loan. The Company generally earns unfunded commitment fees on undrawn revolving lines of credit balances, which are reported in fee income.
(19)The Company has an observer seat on the portfolio company’s board of directors.
(20)Portfolio company at fair value represents greater than 5% of total assets at December 31, 2024.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Non-control/Non-affiliate Investments
24 Seven Holdco, LLC (15) Temporary Help Services
First Lien Debt 11.45% SOFR+ 6.00% 1/28/2022 11/16/2027 $ 8,820 $ 8,776 $ 8,483 5.2 %
Advantage Sales & Marketing Inc. (F/K/A Karman Buyer Corp) (14) (15) Advertising Agencies
First Lien Debt 10.18% SOFR+ 4.50% 3/2/2022 10/28/2027 2,260 2,238 2,249 1.4
AIDC Intermediateco 2, LLC (15) Computer Systems Design Services
First Lien Debt 11.80% SOFR+ 6.25% 7/22/2022 7/22/2027 1,980 1,948 1,974 1.2
First Lien Debt 11.78% SOFR+ 6.25% 7/31/2023 7/22/2027 46 45 46 -
2,026 1,993 2,020 1.2
Allen Media, LLC (14) (15) Cable and Other Subscription Programming
First Lien Debt 11.00% SOFR+ 5.50% 3/2/2021 2/10/2027 3,729 3,726 3,325 2.1
All Star Auto Lights, Inc. (4) (15) (20) Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers
First Lien Debt 10.97% SOFR+ 5.50% 12/19/2019 8/20/2025 22,861 22,719 22,853 14.1
First Lien Debt 10.96% SOFR+ 5.50% 8/4/2022 8/20/2025 4,925 4,872 4,923 3.0
27,786 27,591 27,776 17.1
Astro One Acquisition Corporation (6) Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers
Second Lien Debt 14.11% SOFR+ 8.50% 1/31/2022 9/14/2029 3,000 2,596 110 0.1
Avison Young Inc. (6) (21) Nonresidential Property Managers
First Lien Debt (15) 12.11% SOFR+ 6.50% 11/25/2021 1/31/2026 3,925 3,903 1,063 0.7
First Lien Debt 12.64% SOFR+ 7.00% 8/19/2022 1/31/2026 794 757 215 0.1
4,719 4,660 1,278 0.8
BayMark Health Services, Inc. (15) Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers
Second Lien Debt 14.11% SOFR+ 8.50% 6/10/2021 6/11/2028 4,962 4,915 4,962 3.1
Second Lien Debt 14.12% SOFR+ 8.50% 6/10/2021 6/11/2028 3,988 3,948 3,988 2.5
8,950 8,863 8,950 5.6
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
BCPE North Star US Holdco 2, Inc. (F/K/A Dessert Holdings) Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing
Second Lien Debt 12.72% SOFR+ 7.25% 2/2/2022 6/8/2029 $ 1,667 $ 1,645 $ 1,474 0.9 %
Boca Home Care Holdings, Inc. (19) Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities
First Lien Debt (15) 11.96% SOFR+ 6.50% 2/25/2022 2/25/2027 10,972 10,874 10,597 6.5
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.50% 2/25/2022 2/25/2027 - (10) (44) -
Common Equity (1,290 Class A units) (10) (13)
2/25/2022 1,290 827 0.5
Preferred Equity (3,446 Class A Units), 12.0% cash / 2.0% PIK
3/3/2023 345 344 0.2
10,972 12,499 11,724 7.2
Clevertech Bidco, LLC Commodity Contracts Dealing
First Lien Debt (15) 12.25% SOFR+ 6.75% 11/3/2023 12/30/2027 3,198 3,106 3,106 1.9
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.75% 11/3/2023 12/30/2027 - (9) (9) -
3,198 3,097 3,097 1.9
Constellis Holdings, LLC (10) Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities
Common Equity (20,628 common shares)
3/27/2020 703 45 -
Convergint Technologies Holdings, LLC Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths)
Second Lien Debt 12.22% SOFR+ 6.75% 9/28/2018 3/30/2029 5,938 5,863 5,877 3.6
Creation Technologies Inc. (15) (21) Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing
First Lien Debt 11.18% SOFR+ 5.50% 9/24/2021 10/5/2028 1,970 1,959 1,851 1.1
Diamond Sports Group, LLC (6) (14) (15) Television Broadcasting
Second Lien Debt 10.71% SOFR+ 5.25% 11/19/2019 8/24/2026 1,935 1,935 92 0.1
East West Manufacturing LLC (15) Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing
First Lien Debt 11.13% SOFR+ 5.75% 2/11/2022 12/22/2028 1,930 1,916 1,855 1.1
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Electrical Components International, Inc. Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing
Second Lien Debt 13.96% SOFR+ 8.50% 4/8/2021 6/26/2026 $ 3,679 $ 3,452 $ 3,561 2.2 %
Envocore Holding, LLC (F/K/A LRI Holding, LLC) (4) (17) Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors
First Lien Debt 7.50% N/A 6/30/2017 12/31/2025 6,295 6,295 6,295 3.9 %
Second Lien Debt (6) (10) 10.00% PIK
N/A 6/30/2017 12/31/2026 7,844 6,584 3,801 2.3
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) N/A 11/29/2021 12/31/2025 - - - -
Equity Participation Rights (7) (10) 12/31/2021 4,722 - -
14,139 17,601 10,096 6.2
Excelin Home Health, LLC (4) Home Health Care Services
Second Lien Debt 18.00% PIK
N/A 10/25/2018 12/31/2025 4,932 4,839 4,173 2.6
GGC Aerospace Topco L.P. (10) Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing
Common Equity (368,852 Class A units)
12/29/2017 450 - -
Common Equity (40,984 Class B units)
12/29/2017 50 - -
500 - -
GoTo Group (F/K/A LogMeIn, Inc.) (14) (15) Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services
First Lien Debt 10.28% SOFR+ 4.75% 3/26/2021 8/31/2027 2,916 2,915 1,943 1.2
Heritage Grocers Group, LLC. (F/K/A Tony's Fresh Market / Cardenas Markets) (15) Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores
First Lien Debt 12.20% SOFR+ 6.75% 7/20/2022 8/1/2029 5,925 5,641 5,925 3.7
Honor HN Buyer Inc Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities
First Lien Debt (15) 11.25% SOFR+ 5.75% 10/15/2021 10/15/2027 6,466 6,385 6,466 4.0
First Lien Debt (15) 11.25% SOFR+ 5.75% 10/15/2021 10/15/2027 4,089 4,029 4,089 2.5
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) 13.25% Prime+ 4.75% 10/15/2021 10/15/2027 95 85 95 0.1
First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) (5) (15) 11.50% SOFR+ 6.00% 3/31/2023 10/15/2027 2,706 2,682 2,706 1.7
13,356 13,181 13,356 8.3
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Idera Inc. Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers
Second Lien Debt 12.28% SOFR+ 6.75% 1/27/2022 3/2/2029 $ 4,000 $ 4,000 $ 3,850 2.4 %
Inergex Holdings, LLC (11) Other Computer Related Services
First Lien Debt 12.58% cash / 1.00% PIK
SOFR+ 7.00% 10/1/2018 10/1/2024 14,868 14,783 14,868 9.2
First Lien Debt (Revolver) 12.58% cash / 1.00% PIK
SOFR+ 7.00% 10/1/2018 10/1/2024 2,344 2,312 2,344 1.4
17,212 17,095 17,212 10.6
Ivanti Software, Inc. (14) (15) Software Publishers
First Lien Debt 9.91% SOFR+ 4.25% 3/26/2021 12/1/2027 2,933 2,940 2,792 1.7
JP Intermediate B, LLC (15) Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers
First Lien Debt 11.14% SOFR+ 5.50% 1/14/2021 11/20/2027 4,697 4,513 3,368 2.1
Kreg LLC Other Ambulatory Health Care Services
First Lien Debt (11) (15) 9.75% cash / 2.50% PIK
SOFR+ 4.25% 12/20/2021 12/20/2026 17,139 17,066 15,989 9.9
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.25% 12/20/2021 12/20/2026 - (6) (90) (0.1)
17,139 17,060 15,899 9.8
Medrina LLC All Other Outpatient Care Centers
First Lien Debt (15) 11.74% SOFR+ 6.25% 10/20/2023 10/20/2029 2,234 2,180 2,180 1.3
First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) (5) (15) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.25% 10/20/2023 10/20/2029 - (5) (5) -
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.25% 10/20/2023 10/20/2029 - (8) (8) -
2,234 2,167 2,167 1.3
Metasource, LLC (15) All Other Business Support Services
First Lien Debt 11.72% cash / 0.50% PIK
SOFR+ 6.25% 5/17/2022 5/17/2027 2,755 2,733 2,597 1.6
First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.25% 5/17/2022 5/17/2027 - (4) (69) -
2,755 2,729 2,528 1.6
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
One GI LLC Offices of Other Holding Companies
First Lien Debt (15) 12.21% SOFR+ 6.75% 12/13/2021 12/22/2025 $ 7,432 $ 7,358 $ 7,066 4.4 %
First Lien Debt (15) 12.21% SOFR+ 6.75% 12/13/2021 12/22/2025 3,916 3,876 3,723 2.3
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) n/m (18) SOFR+ 6.75% 12/13/2021 12/22/2025 - (14) (71) -
11,348 11,220 10,718 6.7
Planet Bingo, LLC (F/K/A 3rd Rock Gaming Holdings, LLC) (6) Software Publishers
First Lien Debt 6.50% N/A 3/13/2018 12/31/2025 16,648 14,113 6,858 4.2
PM Acquisition LLC All Other General Merchandise Stores
Common Equity (499 units) (10)
9/30/2017 499 551 0.3
Reception Purchaser LLC (15) Transportation and Warehousing
First Lien Debt 11.50% SOFR+ 6.00% 4/28/2022 3/24/2028 2,523 2,495 2,257 1.4
Redstone Holdco 2 LP (F/K/A RSA Security) (15) Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers
First Lien Debt (14) 10.22% SOFR+ 4.75% 4/16/2021 4/27/2028 1,715 1,708 1,307 0.8
Second Lien Debt 13.22% SOFR+ 7.75% 4/16/2021 4/27/2029 4,450 4,407 3,272 2.0
6,165 6,115 4,579 2.8
RPLF Holdings, LLC (10) (13) Software Publishers
Common Equity (345,339 Class A units)
1/17/2018 - 1,182 0.7
RumbleOn, Inc. (15) (21) Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing
First Lien Debt (11) 14.36% Cash / 0.50% PIK
SOFR+ 8.75% 8/31/2021 8/31/2026 2,858 2,769 2,633 1.6
First Lien Debt (11) 14.36% Cash / 0.50% PIK
SOFR+ 8.75% 8/31/2021 8/31/2026 862 854 795 0.5
Warrants (warrants to purchase up $218,000 in common stock) (10)
8/31/2021 8/14/2028 (12) 200 72 -
3,720 3,823 3,500 2.1
Sentry Centers Holdings, LLC (10) (13) Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Preferred Equity (1,603 Series B units)
9/4/2020 160 77 -
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Signal Parent, Inc. (14) (15) New Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders)
First Lien Debt 8.96% SOFR+ 3.50% 3/25/2021 4/3/2028 $ 1,803 $ 1,791 $ 1,616 1.0 %
Spear Education Holdings, LLC (15)
First Lien Debt Professional and Management Development Training 13.00% SOFR+ 7.50% 2/10/2023 12/15/2027 1,485 1,455 1,484 0.9
SSJA Bariatric Management LLC (15) Offices of Physicians, Mental Health Specialists
First Lien Debt 10.75% SOFR+ 5.25% 8/26/2019 8/26/2024 9,575 9,563 9,186 5.7
First Lien Debt 10.75% SOFR+ 5.25% 12/31/2020 8/26/2024 1,035 1,033 993 0.6
First Lien Debt 10.75% SOFR+ 5.25% 12/8/2021 8/26/2024 2,607 2,600 2,501 1.5
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) 10.75% SOFR+ 5.25% 8/26/2019 8/26/2024 200 199 173 0.1
13,417 13,395 12,853 7.9
SS Acquisition, LLC (8) (15) Sports and Recreation Instruction
First Lien Debt 12.41% SOFR+ 6.75% 12/30/2021 12/30/2026 3,042 3,023 3,042 1.9
First Lien Debt 13.10% SOFR+ 7.45% 12/30/2021 12/30/2026 1,460 1,449 1,460 0.9
4,502 4,472 4,502 2.8
Staples, Inc. (14) (15) (21) Business to Business Electronic Markets
First Lien Debt 10.46% L+ 5.00% 6/24/2019 4/16/2026 2,870 2,841 2,728 1.7
STS Operating, Inc. Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers
Second Lien Debt 13.46% SOFR+ 8.00% 5/15/2018 4/30/2026 9,073 9,072 9,073 5.6
Tolemar Acquisition, Inc. Motorcycle, Bicycle, and Parts Manufacturing
First Lien Debt (15) 11.75% SOFR+ 6.00% 10/14/2021 10/14/2026 15,347 15,304 14,334 8.8
First Lien Debt (Revolver) (5) 11.75% SOFR+ 6.00% 10/14/2021 10/14/2026 592 585 422 0.3
15,939 15,889 14,756 9.1
TruGreen Limited Partnership Landscaping Services
Second Lien Debt 14.14% SOFR+ 8.50% 5/13/2021 11/2/2028 4,500 4,592 4,287 2.6
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
United Biologics Holdings, LLC (4) (10) Medical Laboratories
Preferred Equity (4,701 units)
4/16/2013 $ 9 $ - - %
Wellful Inc. (F/K/A KNS Acquisition Corp.) (15) Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses
First Lien Debt 11.72% SOFR+ 6.25% 4/16/2021 4/21/2027 6,606 6,581 6,313 3.9
Total Debt and Equity Investments $ 285,417 $ 287,218 $ 254,411 157.0 %
Structured Finance Securities (21)
Apex Credit CLO 2020 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 14.89% N/A 11/16/2020 10/20/2031 $ 11,080 $ 10,191 $ 7,031 4.3 %
Apex Credit CLO 2021 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 21.61% N/A 5/28/2021 7/18/2034 8,630 6,977 5,711 3.5
Apex Credit CLO 2022-1 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 17.30% N/A 4/28/2022 4/22/2033 10,726 8,858 6,961 4.3
Ares L CLO Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 11.31% SOFR+ 5.65% 2/17/2022 1/15/2032 6,000 5,832 5,474 3.4
Barings CLO 2019-I Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 12.52% SOFR+ 6.86% 2/23/2022 4/15/2035 8,000 7,918 7,725 4.8
Battalion CLO XI Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 12.51% SOFR+ 6.85% 4/24/2022 4/24/2034 6,000 5,918 5,511 3.4
Brightwood Capital MM CLO 2023-1, Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class D 11.85% SOFR+ 6.46% 9/28/2023 10/15/2035 915 888 888 0.5
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 15.75% SOFR+ 10.36% 9/28/2023 10/15/2035 2,133 1,929 1,929 1.2
Subordinated Notes (9) (16) 14.56% N/A 9/28/2023 10/15/2035 5,494 5,018 5,018 3.1
8,542 7,835 7,835 4.8
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Dryden 53 CLO, LTD. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes - Income 8.04% N/A 10/26/2020 1/15/2031 $ 2,700 $ 1,280 $ 622 0.3 %
Subordinated Notes 7.00% N/A 10/26/2020 1/15/2031 2,159 1,046 497 0.3
4,859 2,326 1,119 0.7
Dryden 76 CLO, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 16.12% N/A 9/27/2019 10/20/2032 2,750 2,332 1,779 1.1
Flatiron CLO 18, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 7.62% N/A 1/2/2019 4/17/2031 9,680 6,314 4,989 3.1
Madison Park Funding XXIII, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 16.45% N/A 1/8/2020 7/27/2047 10,000 5,558 4,744 2.9
Madison Park Funding XXIX, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 13.78% N/A 12/22/2020 10/18/2047 9,500 5,927 5,355 3.3
Monroe Capital MML CLO X, Ltd.
Mezzanine Debt - Class E-R 14.12% SOFR+ 8.75% 4/22/2022 5/20/2034 1,000 961 967 0.6
Octagon Investment Partners 39, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 4.98% N/A 1/23/2020 10/20/2030 7,000 3,962 2,171 1.3
Park Avenue Institutional Advisers CLO Ltd 2021-1
Mezzanine Debt - Class D 12.98% SOFR+ 7.30% 1/26/2021 1/20/2034 1,000 982 982 0.6
Redding Ridge 4 Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 7.46% N/A 3/4/2021 4/15/2030 1,300 910 544 0.3
Regatta XXII Funding Ltd
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 12.61% SOFR+ 7.19% 5/6/2022 7/20/2035 3,000 2,977 3,007 1.9
THL Credit Wind River 2019-3 CLO Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 10.59% N/A 4/5/2019 4/15/2031 7,000 4,883 2,941 1.8
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
Trinitas CLO VIII, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 3.95% N/A 3/4/2021 7/20/2117 $ 5,200 $ 2,891 $ 1,352 0.8 %
Venture 45 CLO, Limited
Mezzanine Debt - Class E 13.12% SOFR+ 7.70% 4/18/2022 7/20/2035 3,000 2,942 2,579 1.6
Wellfleet CLO 2018-2, Ltd. (9) (16)
Subordinated Notes 9.99% N/A 3/4/2021 10/20/2031 1,000 627 270 0.2
Total Structured Finance Securities $ 125,267 $ 97,121 $ 79,045 48.8 %
Total Non-control/Non-affiliate Investments $ 410,684 $ 384,339 $ 333,456 205.8 %
Affiliate Investments
Contract Datascan Holdings, Inc. (4) (19) Office Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing
Preferred Equity (3,061 Series A shares) 10% PIK
8/5/2015 $ 7,309 $ 10,312 6.4 %
Common Equity (11,273 shares) (10)
6/28/2016 104 271 0.2
7,412 10,583 6.6
DRS Imaging Services, LLC (13) (19) Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services
Common Equity (1,135 units)
3/8/2018 1,135 393 0.2
Master Cutlery, LLC (4) (10) (19) Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers
Subordinated Debt (6) (11) 13.00% PIK
N/A 4/17/2015 5/25/2024 9,749 4,680 - -
Preferred Equity (3,723 Series A units), 8% PIK
4/17/2015 3,483 - -
Common Equity (15,564 units)
4/17/2015 - - -
9,749 8,163 - -
Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. (4) (19) (20) Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing
Common Equity (400 Class A shares)
1/1/2014 217 70,927 43.8
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Portfolio Company (1)
Investment Type Industry Interest Rate (2) Spread Above
Index (2) Initial Acquisition Date Maturity Principal
Amount Amortized Cost Fair Value (3) Percent of
Net Assets
TalentSmart Holdings, LLC (10) (13) (19) Professional and Management Development Training
Common Equity (1,595,238 Class A shares)
10/11/2019 $ 1,595 $ 1,136 0.7 %
TRS Services, LLC (4) (19) Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance
Preferred Equity (1,937,191 Class A units), 11% PIK
12/10/2014 97 2,507 1.5
Common Equity (3,000,000 units) (10)
12/10/2014 572 1,285 0.8
669 3,792 2.3
Total Affiliate Investments $ 9,749 $ 19,191 $ 86,831 53.6 %
Total Investments $ 420,432 $ 403,530 $ 420,287 259.4 %
(1)Equity ownership may be held in shares or units of companies affiliated with the portfolio company. The Company’s investments are generally classified as “restricted securities” as such term is defined under Regulation S-X Rule 6-03(f) or Securities Act Rule 144.
(2)As of December 31, 2023, the Company held loans with an aggregate fair value of $230,185, or 92% of the total loan portfolio, that bore interest at a variable rate indexed to LIBOR (L), Prime or SOFR, and reset monthly, quarterly, or semi-annually. For each variable-rate investment, the Company has provided the spread over the reference rate and current interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2023. Unless otherwise noted, all investments with a stated PIK rate require interest payments with the issuance of additional securities as payment of the entire PIK provision.
(3)Unless otherwise noted with footnote 14, fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs for all of the Company’s investments and are considered Level 3 under GAAP. See Note 5 for further details.
(4)Investments (or portion thereof) held by SBIC I LP. These assets were pledged as collateral of the SBA debentures and could not be pledged under any debt obligation of the Company.
(5)Subject to unfunded commitments. See Note 6.
(6)Investment was on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2023, meaning the Company suspended recognition of all or a portion of income on the investment. See Note 4 for further details.
(7)Equity participation rights issued by unaffiliated third party fully covered with underlying positions in the portfolio company.
(8)The Company entered into a contractual arrangement with co-lenders whereby, subject to certain conditions, it agreed to receive its payment after the repayment of certain co-lenders pursuant to a payment waterfall. The table below provides additional details as of December 31, 2023:
Portfolio Company Reported Interest Rate Interest Rate per Credit Agreement Additional Interest per Annum
SS Acquisition, LLC 12.41% 11.89% 0.51%
SS Acquisition, LLC 13.10% 11.89% 1.21%
(9)The rate disclosed on subordinated note investments is the estimated effective yield, generally established at purchase, and reevaluated upon the receipt of the initial distribution and each subsequent quarter thereafter. The estimated effective yield is based upon projected amounts and timing of future distributions and the projected amounts and timing of terminal principal payments at the time of estimation. The estimated effective yield and investment cost may ultimately not be realized. Projected cash flows, including the amounts and timing of terminal principal payments, which generally are projected to occur prior to the contractual maturity date, were utilized in deriving the effective yield of the investments.
(10)Non-income producing.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
(11)The interest rate on these investments contains a PIK provision, whereby the issuer has the option to make interest payments in cash or with the issuance of additional securities as payment of the entire PIK provision. The interest rate in the schedule represents the current interest rate in effect for these investments. The following table provides additional details on these PIK investments, including the maximum annual PIK interest rate allowed as of December 31, 2023:
Portfolio Company Investment Type Maximum PIK
Rate Allowed Range of PIK
Option Range of Cash
Option
Inergex Holdings, LLC First Lien Debt 1.00% 0% to 1.00%
12.58% to 13.58%
Inergex Holdings, LLC First Lien Debt (Revolver) 1.00% 0% to 1.00%
12.58% to 13.58%
Kreg LLC First Lien Debt 2.50% 0% to 2.00%
9.75% to 11.75%
Master Cutlery, LLC Subordinated Debt 13.00% 0% to 13.00%
0% to 13.00%
RumbleOn, Inc. First Lien Debt 0.50% 0% to 0.50%
14.36% to 14.86%
(12)Represents expiration date of the warrants.
(13)All or portion of investment held by a wholly owned subsidiary subject to income tax.
(14)Fair value was determined by reference to observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets and are considered Level 2 under GAAP. See Note 5 for further details.
(15)Investments (or portion thereof) held by OFSCC-FS. These assets are pledged as collateral of the BNP Facility and cannot be pledged under any other debt obligation of the Company.
(16)Amortized cost reflects accretion of effective yield less any cash distributions received or entitled to be received from CLO subordinated note investments. CLO subordinated note positions are entitled to recurring distributions, which are generally equal to the residual cash flow of payments received on underlying securities less contractual payments to debt holders and fund expenses.
(17)The Company holds at least one seat on the portfolio company’s board of directors.
(18)Not meaningful as there is no outstanding balance on the revolver or delayed draw loan. The Company earns unfunded commitment fees on undrawn revolving lines of credit balances, which are reported in fee income.
(19)The Company has an observer seat on the portfolio company’s board of directors.
(20)Portfolio company at fair value represents greater than 5% of total assets at December 31, 2023.
(21)Non-qualifying assets under Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act. Qualifying assets as defined in Section 55 of the 1940 Act must represent at least 70% of the Company's assets immediately following the acquisition of any additional non-qualifying assets. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 81% of the Company's assets were qualifying assets.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 1. Organization
OFS Capital Corporation (and collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. The Company has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). In addition, for income tax purposes, the Company has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
The Company’s investment objective is to provide stockholders with both current income and capital appreciation through its strategic investment focus primarily on debt investments and, to a lesser extent, equity investments primarily in middle-market companies principally in the United States. In addition, the Company may invest in collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) mezzanine debt, subordinated (i.e., residual or equity) notes and loan accumulation facility securities (collectively referred to as “Structured Finance Securities”). OFS Capital Management, LLC (“OFS Advisor”), a registered investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Orchard First Source Asset Management, LLC (“OFSAM”), a full-service provider of capital and leveraged finance solutions to U.S. corporations, manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory services to, the Company.
OFS Advisor also serves as the investment adviser for Hancock Park Corporate Income, Inc. (“HPCI”), a Maryland corporation and a BDC. HPCI’s investment objective is similar to that of the Company. OFS Advisor also serves as the investment adviser for OFS Credit Company, Inc. (“OCCI”), a non-diversified, externally managed, closed-end management investment company that is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act and that primarily invests in Structured Finance Securities. Additionally, OFS Advisor serves as the investment adviser to separately-managed accounts and as the sub-advisor to investment companies managed by an affiliate.
The Company may make investments through OFSCC-FS, LLC (“OFSCC-FS”), a wholly owned and consolidated special-purpose vehicle formed in April 2019 for the purpose of acquiring senior secured loan investments; and through OFSCC-MB, Inc. (“OFSCC-MB”), a wholly owned and consolidated subsidiary taxed under subchapter C of the Code, that generally holds the equity investments of the Company that are taxed as pass-through entities.
OFS SBIC I, LP (“SBIC I LP”), a wholly owned and consolidated subsidiary, was previously licensed under the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) small business investment company program (“SBIC Program”). On April 17, 2024, SBIC I LP surrendered its license to operate under the SBIC Program and no longer is subject to SBA regulatory requirements under the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, as amended.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation: The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), including Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946, Financial Services-Investment Companies, and the reporting requirements for Form 10-K, the 1940 Act, and Articles 6 and 12 of Regulation S-X. The consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring accruals and adjustments, necessary for fair presentation in accordance with GAAP.
Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts may have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. Reclassifications did not impact net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations, total assets, total liabilities or total net assets, or consolidated statements of changes in net assets and consolidated statements of cash flows classifications.
Principles of consolidation: The Company consolidates majority-owned investment company subsidiaries. The Company does not own any controlled operating company whose business consists of providing services to the Company, which would also require consolidation. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation.
Fair value of financial instruments: The Company applies fair value accounting to all of its financial instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC Topic 820”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework to measure fair value, and requires disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is determined through the use of models and other valuation techniques, valuation inputs, and assumptions market participants would use to value the financial instrument. Highest priority is given to prices for identical financial instruments quoted in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority is given to fair value estimates based on unobservable inputs (Level 3). The availability of observable inputs can vary significantly and is affected by many factors, including the type of product, whether
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
the product is new to the market, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, and current market conditions. To the extent that the valuation is based on less observable or unobservable inputs, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by OFS Advisor in determining fair value is greatest for financial instruments classified as Level 3 (i.e., those instruments valued using unobservable inputs), which comprise the majority of the Company’s investments. See Note 5 for details.
Material changes to OFS Advisor’s valuation policy are reviewed and approved by management and the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). As the Company’s investments change, markets change, new products develop, and valuation inputs become more or less observable, OFS Advisor, as valuation designee, will continue evaluating its valuation methodologies.
See Note 5 for more detailed disclosures of the Company’s fair value measurements of its financial instruments.
Investment classification: The Company classifies its investments in accordance with the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, “Control Investments” are defined as investments in those companies in which the Company owns more than 25% of the voting securities or has rights to maintain greater than 50% of board representation, “Affiliate Investments” are defined as investments in those companies in which the Company owns between 5% and 25% of the voting securities, and “Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments” are those that neither qualify as Control Investments nor Affiliate Investments.
Significant Subsidiaries: The Company evaluates the issuers of its Control Investments for significance in accordance with Rules 3-09 and 4-08(g) of Regulation S-X. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any investments classified as Control Investments, and as of December 31, 2022, no issuers of Control Investments were considered a significant subsidiary under these rules.
Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of investment income, expenses, gains and losses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Reportable segments: In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 enhances the disclosures required for reportable segments on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective on a retrospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 as of December 31, 2024. The Company determined it operates through a single operating and reporting segment with a single investment objective to provide its stockholders with both current income and capital appreciation primarily through debt investments and, to a lesser extent, equity investments. Pursuant to ASU 2023-07, the Company identified its Chief Executive Officer as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM assesses the performance and makes operating decisions of the Company on a consolidated basis primarily based on the Company’s net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations. As the Company’s operations comprise of a single reporting segment, the segment assets are reflected on the accompanying consolidated statements of assets and liabilities and the significant segment expenses are listed on the consolidated statements of operations.
Cash and cash equivalents: The Company’s cash balances are maintained with member banks of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), and, such balances generally exceed the FDIC insurance limits. The Company does not believe its cash balances are exposed to any significant credit risk. Cash and cash equivalent balances are held in US Bank Trust Company, National Association and Citibank N.A. money market deposit accounts. In addition, the Company’s use of cash and cash equivalents held by OFSCC-FS is limited by the terms and conditions of the BNP Facility, including but not limited to, the payment of interest expense and principal on the outstanding borrowings.
Revenue recognition:
Interest income: Interest income from the Company’s loan and CLO mezzanine debt investments is recognized on an accrual basis and reported as interest receivables until collected. Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount on the consolidated schedule of investments and the contractual terms of the debt investment. Certain of the Company’s investments contain a payment-in-kind interest income provision (“PIK interest”). The PIK interest, computed at the contractual rate specified in the applicable investment agreement, is added to the principal balance of the investment, rather than being paid in cash. PIK interest on such investments is generally due at the maturity of the investment. Recognition of cash and PIK interest includes assessments of collectability. The Company discontinues the accrual of interest income, including PIK interest, when there is reasonable doubt that the interest income will be collected. See Non-Accrual Loans section.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Loan origination fees, original issue discount (“OID”), market discount or premium, and loan amendment fees (collectively, “Net Loan Fees”) are recorded as an adjustment to the amortized cost of the investment, and accreted or amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the life of the respective debt investment using a method that approximates the effective interest method. When the Company receives a loan principal payment, the unamortized Net Loan Fees related to the paid principal is accelerated and recognized in interest income.
The Company may also acquire or receive equity, warrants or other equity-related securities in connection with the Company’s acquisition of, subsequent amendment or restructuring to, debt investments. The Company determines the cost basis of the equity investment based on its relative fair value to the fair value of debt investments and other securities or consideration received. Any resulting difference between the face amount of the debt and its recorded cost resulting from the assignment of value to the equity investment is treated as OID, and accreted into interest income as described above.
Interest income - Structured Finance Securities: Structured Finance Securities include CLO mezzanine debt, CLO subordinated notes and loan accumulation facility positions. Interest income from investments in CLO subordinated notes is recognized on the basis of the estimated effective yield to expected redemption utilizing assumed cash flows in accordance with ASC Subtopic 325-40, Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets. The Company monitors the estimated cash flows from its CLO subordinated notes, and the accretable yields are generally established at purchase, and re-evaluated upon the receipt of the initial distribution and each subsequent quarter thereafter. Expected cash flows inherent in the Company’s estimates of accretable yields are based on expectations of defaults and loss-on-default severity, as well as other loan-performance assumptions, impacting the loans in the underlying CLO portfolios, as well as the estimated timing of redemption and the associated liquidation price of the terminal principal payment upon redemption. These assumed cash flows represent significant estimates and are subject to a reasonable possibility of near-term change due to economic and credit market conditions, and the effect of these changes could be material. The Company ultimately may not realize income accreted on CLO subordinated note securities.
Interest income from investments in loan accumulation facilities is recognized on an accrual basis based on an estimated yield. Income notes associated with loan accumulation facilities generally earn returns equal to the actual income earned on facility assets less costs of senior financing and manager costs. Interest income is generally received upon the earlier of the closing of the CLO securitization or liquidation of the underlying portfolio. The Company periodically evaluates the realizability of such amounts and, if necessary, subsequently adjusts the estimated yield.
Dividend income: Dividend income on common equity securities in limited liability companies, partnerships, and other private entities, generally payable in cash, is accrued at the time dividends are declared (in the absence of a formal ex-dividend or record date). Declared dividends payable in cash are reported as dividends receivable until collected. Distributions in excess of current or accumulated net income of the underlying portfolio company are recorded as return of capital and, correspondingly, as a reduction in the cost of the investment. Dividend income on preferred equity investments is accrued based on the contractual terms of the preferred equity investment, subject to assessments of collectability (including fair value coverage). Dividends on preferred equity securities may be payable in cash or in additional preferred securities. Non-cash dividends payable in additional preferred securities (“PIK dividends”) are recorded as an adjustment (i.e., increase) to the cost basis of the investment. The Company discontinues accrual of PIK dividends when there is reasonable doubt that the income will ultimately be collected.
Fee income: The Company generates fee revenue in the form of syndication, prepayment, and other contractual fees, that are recognized as the related services are rendered, which, when received from portfolio companies are non-recurring in nature. Prepayment fees are received on certain loans when repaid prior to their scheduled due date, which are recognized as earned when received. Syndication fees are received for capital structuring, loan syndication or advisory services from certain portfolio companies, which are recognized as earned upon closing of the investment. The Company also earns unfunded commitment fees on undrawn revolving lines of credit and delayed draw facility commitments.
Investment transactions and net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments: Investment transactions are reported on a trade-date basis. Unsettled trades as of the statement of assets and liabilities date are included in receivable for investments sold and payable for investments purchased, as applicable. Primary market new issue trades are recorded on the closing and issuance of the security. Realized gains or losses on investments are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the disposition and the amortized cost basis of the investment on the trade date. Investments are reported at fair value in accordance with ASC 820 as determined in good faith by OFS Advisor, as the valuation designee, under the active supervision of the Board. The Company reports changes in the fair value of investments, relative to the amortized cost of investments, as net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Non-accrual loans: Management reviews, for placement on non-accrual status, all loans and CLO mezzanine debt investments that become past due on principal and interest, and/or when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, accrued and unpaid cash interest is reversed. Additionally, Net Loan Fees are no longer recognized as of the date the loan is placed on non-accrual status. Depending upon management’s judgment, interest payments subsequently received on non-accrual investments may be recognized as interest income or applied as a reduction to amortized cost. Interest accruals and Net Loan Fee amortization are resumed on non-accrual investments only when they are brought current with respect to principal and interest payments and, in the judgment of management, it is probable that the Company will collect all principal and interest from the investment. See Note 4 for further information on loans on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Income taxes: The Company has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. To qualify for tax treatment as a RIC, the Company must, among other things, meet certain source of income and asset diversification requirements, and timely distribute at least 90% of its annual investment company taxable income (“ICTI”) to its stockholders. The Company has made, and intends to continue to make, the requisite distributions to its stockholders, which generally relieves the Company from U.S. federal income taxes.
Depending on the level of ICTI earned in a tax year, the Company may choose to retain ICTI in an amount less than that which would trigger U.S. federal income tax liability under Subchapter M of the Code. However, the Company would be liable for a 4% excise tax on such undistributed income. Such spillover income increases the Company’s RIC distribution requirement in the following year. An excise tax liability is recognized when the Company determines its estimated current year annual ICTI, capital gain net income, and any undistributed ICTI and capital gain net income from the prior year, as defined in the Code, exceeds distributions paid during the calendar year. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized U.S. federal excise taxes (refunds) of $(71), $0 and $100, respectively.
The Company may utilize OFSCC-MB when making equity investments in portfolio companies taxed as pass-through entities to meet its source-of-income requirements as a RIC. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, OFSCC-MB is not consolidated with the RIC and is taxed as a C-Corporation. See Note 8 for further information.
The Company evaluates tax positions taken in the course of preparing its tax returns to determine whether they are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold could result in greater and undistributed ICTI, income and excise tax expense, and, if involving multiple years, a re-assessment of the Company’s RIC status. GAAP requires recognition of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no uncertain income tax positions as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The current and prior three tax years remain subject to examination by U.S. federal and most state tax authorities.
Distributions: Distributions to common stockholders are recognized on the record date. The amount, timing and form of distributions is determined by the Board each quarter. Distributions from net investment income and net realized gains are determined in accordance with the Code. Net realized capital gains, if any, are distributed at least annually, although the Company may decide to retain such capital gains for investment. Distributions paid in excess of current and accumulated ICTI, and not capital gains, are considered returns of capital to stockholders.
Net investment income determined in accordance with tax regulations may differ from net investment income for financial reporting purposes. Differences may be temporary or permanent. Permanent differences result in a reclassification between capital accounts. Additionally, certain short-term capital gains may be reported as ordinary income for tax purposes. Distributions paid by the Company in accordance with RIC requirements are subject to re-characterization for tax purposes. The determination of the tax attributes of the Company’s distributions is made annually as of the end of its fiscal year based upon its estimated ICTI and distributions paid for the full year.
The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) that provides for reinvestment of any distributions the Company declares in cash on behalf of its stockholders, unless a stockholder elects to receive cash. As a result, if the Board authorizes and the Company declares a cash distribution, then stockholders who have not “opted out” of the DRIP will have their cash distribution automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock, rather than receiving the cash distribution.
The Company may use newly issued shares under the guidelines of the DRIP, or the Company may purchase shares in the open market in connection with its obligations under the plan.
Deferred debt issuance costs: Deferred debt issuance costs represent underwriting discounts, fees and other direct incremental costs incurred in connection with the Company’s borrowings. Deferred debt issuance costs are presented as a direct reduction of the related debt liability on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities, except for deferred debt issuance costs
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
associated with the Company’s revolving line of credit arrangements, which are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities. Unamortized deferred debt issuance costs included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, were $681 and $1,062, respectively. Deferred debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term or expected term of the related debt.
Deferred offering costs: Offering costs include legal, accounting and other expenses pertaining to the registration of securities. Offering costs are deferred and, as the registration statement capacity is utilized and securities are sold, a portion of the costs are charged as a reduction to capital when a common stock offering occurs, or allocated to deferred debt issuance costs when a debt offering occurs. Deferred costs are periodically reviewed and charged to expenses if the related registration statement is withdrawn or if an offering is unsuccessful.
Interest expense: Contractual interest expense on the Company’s borrowings is recognized as interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations. Interest expense is recorded on an accrual basis as incurred.
Concentration of credit risk: Aside from the Company’s investments, financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits at financial institutions. At various times during the year, the Company exceeds the federally insured limits. The Company places cash deposits only with high credit quality institutions which OFS Advisor believes will mitigate the risk of loss due to credit risk. If borrowers completely fail to perform according to the terms of the contracts, the amount of loss due to credit risk from the Company’s investments is equal to the sum of the Company’s recorded investment and the unfunded commitments disclosed in Note 6.
New Accounting Pronouncements and Rule Issuances
In December 2023, the FASB issued Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 amend Topic 740 to, among other things, require on an annual basis, the disclosure of additional income tax information related to the Company’s effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. ASU 2023-09 amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, ASU 2023-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 3. Related Party Transactions
Investment Advisory and Management Agreement: OFS Advisor manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory services to, the Company pursuant to an agreement dated November 7, 2012 (“Investment Advisory Agreement”). The Investment Advisory Agreement was most recently re-approved on April 3, 2024. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, which are in accordance with the 1940 Act and subject to the overall supervision of the Board, OFS Advisor is responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting research and diligence on potential investments and equity sponsors, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring investments, and monitoring investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. OFS Advisor is a wholly owned subsidiary of OFSAM and a registered investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
OFS Advisor’s services under the Investment Advisory Agreement are not exclusive to the Company and OFS Advisor is free to furnish similar services to other entities, including other BDCs affiliated with OFS Advisor, so long as its services to the Company are not impaired. OFS Advisor also serves as the investment adviser or sub-adviser to various clients, including HPCI and OCCI.
OFS Advisor receives fees for providing services, consisting of two components: a base management fee and an incentive fee. The base management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1.75% and based on the average value of the Company’s total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts and including assets owned by any consolidated entity) at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters, adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the quarter.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, OFS Advisor agreed to reduce its base management fee attributable to all assets held through OFSCC-FS (“OFSCC-FS Assets”) to 0.25% per quarter (1.00% annualized) of the average value of the OFSCC-FS Assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed amounts) at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. OFS Advisor’s base management fee reduction is renewable on an annual basis and OFS Advisor is not entitled to recoup the amount of the base management fee reduced with respect to the OFSCC-FS Assets. OFS Advisor most recently renewed the agreement to reduce its base management fee for the 2025 calendar year on January 8, 2025.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The incentive fee has two parts. The first part of the incentive fee (“Income Incentive Fee”) is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter. For this purpose, pre-incentive fee net investment income means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees such as commitment, origination and sourcing, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that the Company receives from portfolio companies but excluding fees for providing managerial assistance) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, any expenses payable under the Administration Agreement (as defined below) and any interest expense and dividends paid on any outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Pre-incentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest or dividend feature (such as OID, debt instruments with PIK interest, equity investments with accruing or PIK dividend and zero coupon securities), accrued income that the Company has not yet received in cash.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income is expressed as a rate of return on the value of the Company’s net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness and before taking into account any incentive fees payable during the period) at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter and adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during such quarter. The incentive fee with respect to pre-incentive fee net income is 20.0% of the amount, if any, by which the pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds a 2.0% hurdle rate (which is 8.0% annualized) and a “catch-up” provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under this provision, in any calendar quarter, OFS Advisor receives no incentive fee until the net investment income equals the hurdle rate of 2.0%, but then receives, as a “catch-up,” 100.0% of the pre-incentive fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.5%. The effect of this provision is that, if pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.5% in any calendar quarter, OFS Advisor will receive 20.0% of the pre-incentive fee net investment income.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation. Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that the Company may pay an incentive fee in a quarter in which the Company incurs a loss. For example, if the Company receives pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the quarterly minimum hurdle rate, the Company will pay the applicable incentive fee even if the Company has incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and unrealized capital losses. The Company’s net investment income used to calculate this part of the incentive fee is also included in the amount of the Company’s gross assets used to calculate the base management fee. These calculations are appropriately prorated for any period of less than three months.
The second part of the incentive fee (the “Capital Gains Fee”) is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement, as of the termination date), commencing on December 31, 2012, and equals 20.0% of the Company’s aggregate realized capital gains, if any, on a cumulative basis from the date of the election to be a BDC through the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses, losses on extinguishment of debt, income taxes from realized capital gains and unrealized capital depreciation through the end of such year, less all previous amounts paid in respect of the Capital Gains Fee; provided that the incentive fee determined as of December 31, 2012, was calculated for a period of shorter than twelve calendar months to take into account any realized capital gains computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation for the period beginning on the date of the Company’s election to be a BDC and ending December 31, 2012.
The Company accrues the Capital Gains Fee if, on a cumulative basis, the sum of net realized capital gains (losses) plus net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is positive. An accrued Capital Gains Fee relating to net unrealized appreciation is deferred, and not due to OFS Advisor, until the close of the year in which such gains are realized. If, on a cumulative basis, the sum of net realized capital gains (losses) plus net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) decreases during a period, the Company will reverse any excess Capital Gains Fee previously accrued such that the amount of Capital Gains Fee accrued is no more than 20% of the sum of net realized capital gains (losses) plus net unrealized appreciation (depreciation).
License Agreement: The Company entered into a license agreement with OFSAM under which OFSAM has agreed to grant the Company a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “OFS.”
Administration Agreement: OFS Services furnishes the Company with office facilities and equipment, necessary software licenses and subscriptions, and clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services at such facilities pursuant to an Administration Agreement. The Administration Agreement was most recently re-approved by the Board on April 3, 2024. Under the Administration Agreement, OFS Services performs, or oversees the performance of, the Company’s required administrative services, which include being responsible for the financial records that the Company is required to maintain and preparing reports to its stockholders and all other reports and materials required to be filed with the SEC or any other regulatory authority. In addition, OFS Services assists the Company in determining and publishing its net asset value, oversees the preparation and filing of its tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports to its stockholders, and generally oversees
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
the payment of the Company’s expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Company by others. Under the Administration Agreement, OFS Services also provides managerial assistance on the Company’s behalf to those portfolio companies that have accepted the Company’s offer to provide such assistance. Payment under the Administration Agreement is equal to an amount based upon the Company’s allocable portion of OFS Services’s overhead in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including, but not limited to, rent, information technology services and the Company’s allocable portion of the cost of its officers, including its chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief compliance officer, chief accounting officer, and their respective staffs. To the extent that OFS Services outsources any of its functions, the Company will pay the fees associated with such functions on a direct basis without profit to OFS Services.
Equity Ownership: As of December 31, 2024, affiliates of OFS Advisor held 3,024,829 shares of common stock, which is approximately 23% of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock.
Expenses recognized under agreements with OFS Advisor and OFS Services and distributions paid to affiliates for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are presented below:
December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Base management fees(1)
$ 5,993 $ 7,218 $ 7,979
Incentive fees:
Income Incentive Fee 4,178 5,040 2,276
Capital Gains Fee(2)
- - (1,916)
Administration fees 1,521 1,680 1,742
Distributions paid to affiliates 4,112 4,049 3,503
(1) For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s base management fee on OFSCC-FS Assets was reduced by $1,130, $1,221 and $1,436, respectively, pursuant to the fee reduction agreed to by OFS Advisor on such assets.
(2) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company reversed previously accrued Capital Gains Fees of $1,916 due to a reduction in net unrealized appreciation on the investment portfolio.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 4. Investments
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had loans to 36 portfolio companies, of which 85% were first lien debt investments and 15% were second lien debt investments, at fair value. The Company also held equity investments in 15 portfolio companies and 18 investments in Structured Finance Securities. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s investments consisted of the following:
Percentage of Total Percentage of Total
Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Net Assets Fair Value Fair Value Net Assets
First lien debt investments(1)
$ 209,696 57.7 % 121.8 % $ 189,874 46.3 % 110.3 %
Second lien debt investments 42,313 11.6 24.6 34,331 8.4 19.9
Preferred equity 10,190 2.8 5.9 12,248 3.0 7.1
Common equity, warrants and other(2)
12,365 3.4 7.2 96,337 23.5 56.0
Total debt and equity investments $ 274,564 75.5 % 159.5 % $ 332,790 81.2 % 193.3 %
Structured Finance Securities 88,983 24.5 51.7 76,875 18.8 44.6
Total $ 363,547 100.0 % 211.2 % $ 409,665 100.0 % 237.9 %
(1) Includes unitranche investments (which are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, in a first lien position) with an amortized cost and fair value of $128,147 and $119,169, respectively.
(2) Includes the Company’s investment in Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. See “Note 4-Portfolio Concentration” for additional information.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had loans on non-accrual status with an aggregate amortized cost and fair value of $39,124 and $20,803, respectively.
Geographic composition is determined by the location of the corporate headquarters of the portfolio company. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company's investment portfolio was domiciled as follows:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
United States of America $ 269,856 $ 331,188 $ 301,749 $ 339,964
Canada(1)
4,708 1,602 4,660 1,278
Cayman Islands(1)(2)
82,059 70,237 89,286 71,210
Jersey(1)(2)
6,924 6,638 7,835 7,835
Total investments $ 363,547 $ 409,665 $ 403,530 $ 420,287
(1) Represents non-qualifying assets under Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act.
(2) Investments domiciled in the Cayman Islands and Jersey represent certain Structured Finance Securities held by the Company. These investments generally represent beneficial interests in underlying portfolios of debt investments in companies domiciled in the United States.
As of December 31, 2024, the industry compositions of the Company’s debt and equity investments were as follows:
Percentage of Total Percentage of Total
Industry Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Net Assets Fair Value Fair Value Net Assets
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services $ 22,016 6.1 % 12.8 % $ 21,555 5.2 % 12.5 %
Construction 20,213 5.6 11.7 10,753 2.6 6.2
Education Services 18,466 5.0 10.7 18,475 4.5 10.7
Finance and Insurance 3,091 0.9 1.8 3,121 0.8 1.8
Health Care and Social Assistance 74,008 20.4 43.0 67,144 16.4 39.1
Information 24,071 6.6 14.1 16,242 4.0 9.5
Management of Companies and Enterprises 12,614 3.5 7.3 12,309 3.0 7.1
Manufacturing 34,899 9.6 20.4 122,234 29.8 71.1
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Percentage of Total Percentage of Total
Industry Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Net Assets Fair Value Fair Value Net Assets
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services $ 18,982 5.2 % 11.0 % $ 19,134 4.7 % 11.1 %
Public Administration 703 0.2 0.4 61 - -
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 13,218 3.6 7.6 13,932 3.4 8.1
Retail Trade 16,511 4.5 9.6 16,985 4.1 9.9
Wholesale Trade 15,773 4.3 9.1 10,845 2.7 6.2
Total debt and equity investments $ 274,564 75.5 % 159.5 % $ 332,790 81.2 % 193.3 %
Structured Finance Securities 88,983 24.5 51.7 76,875 18.8 44.6
Total investments $ 363,547 100.0 % 211.2 % $ 409,665 100.0 % 237.9 %
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had loans to 44 portfolio companies, of which 81% were first lien debt investments and 19% were second lien debt investments, at fair value. The Company also held equity investments in 15 portfolio companies and 21 investments in Structured Finance Securities. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s investments consisted of the following:
Percentage of Total Percentage of Total
Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Net Assets Fair Value Fair Value Net Assets
First lien debt investments(1)
$ 220,941 54.7 % 136.4 % $ 202,792 48.3 % 125.1 %
Second lien debt investments 57,848 14.3 35.7 48,521 11.5 30.0
Subordinated debt investments 4,680 1.2 2.9 - - -
Preferred equity 11,403 2.8 7.0 13,240 3.2 8.2
Common equity, warrants and other 11,537 2.9 7.1 76,689 18.2 47.3
Total debt and equity investments $ 306,409 75.9 % 189.1 % $ 341,242 81.2 % 210.6 %
Structured Finance Securities 97,121 24.1 59.9 79,045 18.8 48.8
Total $ 403,530 100.0 % 249.0 % $ 420,287 100.0 % 259.4 %
(1) Includes unitranche investments (which are loans that combine both senior and subordinated debt, in a first lien position) with an amortized cost and fair value of $141,291 and $131,271, respectively.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had loans on non-accrual status with an aggregate amortized cost and fair value of $34,568 and $12,140, respectively.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
As of December 31, 2023, the industry compositions of the Company’s debt and equity investments were as follows:
Percentage of Total Percentage of Total
Industry Amortized Cost Amortized Cost Net Assets Fair Value Fair Value Net Assets
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services $ 22,119 5.5 % 13.6 % $ 21,252 5.2 % 13.0 %
Construction 19,393 4.8 12.0 11,712 2.8 7.2
Education Services 7,523 1.9 4.7 7,122 1.7 4.4
Finance and Insurance 3,097 0.8 1.9 3,097 0.7 1.9
Health Care and Social Assistance 72,013 17.8 44.5 69,122 16.5 42.6
Information 26,763 6.6 16.5 16,586 4.0 10.4
Management of Companies and Enterprises 11,219 2.8 6.9 10,718 2.6 6.6
Manufacturing 29,402 7.3 18.1 97,924 23.2 60.5
Other Services (except Public Administration) 670 0.2 0.4 3,792 0.9 2.3
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 21,327 5.3 13.2 21,481 5.1 13.2
Public Administration 703 0.2 0.4 45 - -
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 12,072 3.0 7.5 11,861 2.8 7.3
Retail Trade 12,721 3.1 7.9 12,789 3.0 7.8
Transportation and Warehousing 2,495 0.7 1.5 2,257 0.5 1.6
Wholesale Trade 64,892 15.9 40.0 51,484 12.2 31.8
Total debt and equity investments $ 306,409 75.9 % 189.1 % $ 341,242 81.2 % 210.6 %
Structured Finance Securities 97,121 24.1 59.9 79,045 18.8 48.8
Total investments $ 403,530 100.0 % 249.0 % $ 420,287 100.0 % 259.4 %
Portfolio Concentration: The following table presents the Company’s portfolio companies based on fair value that comprise greater than 10% of the Company’s total net assets as of December 31, 2024:
Percentage of Total
Portfolio Company Investment Type Industry Amortized Cost Fair Value Fair Value Net Assets
Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. Common Equity Manufacturing $ 217 $ 89,298 21.8 % 51.8 %
Inergex Holdings, LLC First Lien Debt Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 17,002 17,128 4.2 10.0
As of December 31, 2024, approximately 4.7% and 11.2% of the Company’s total portfolio at fair value and net assets, respectively, were comprised of Structured Finance Securities managed by a single adviser.
Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Investments
The Company’s investments are carried at fair value and determined in accordance with ASC 820 and a documented valuation policy that is applied in a consistent manner. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act (“Rule 2a-5”), the Board designated OFS Advisor as the valuation designee to perform fair value determinations relating to the Company’s investments, and the Board maintains oversight of OFS Advisor in its capacity as valuation designee, as prescribed in Rule 2a-5. The Company engages third-party valuation firms to provide assistance to OFS Advisor in determining the fair value for a majority of its investments.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair values are determined with models or other valuation techniques, valuation inputs, and assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Valuation inputs are organized in a hierarchy that gives the highest priority to prices for identical assets or liabilities quoted in active markets (Level 1) and the lowest priority to fair values based on unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of inputs in the fair value hierarchy are described below:
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.
The inputs into the determination of fair value are based upon the best information under the circumstances and may require management to exercise significant judgment or estimation. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the investment. The Company generally categorizes its investment portfolio into Level 3, and to a lesser extent Level 2, of the hierarchy.
The Company assesses the levels of the investments at each measurement date, and transfers between levels are recognized on the measurement date. The following table presents the Company’s transfers of Level 2 and Level 3 debt investments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 $ 2,596 $ -
Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 8,591 1,616
Certain of the Company’s investments are exchanged in the non-public market among banks, CLOs and other institutional investors for loans to large U.S. corporations. The Company classifies these loan investments as Level 2 when a sufficient number of market quotations or indicative prices from pricing services or broker/dealers (collectively, “Indicative Prices”) are available, and the depth of the market is sufficient, in management's judgment, to transact at those prices in amounts approximating the Company’s investment position at the measurement date. Investments for which sufficient Indicative Prices exist are generally valued consistent with such Indicative Prices.
In addition, each quarter, the Company assesses whether an arm’s length transaction occurred in the same security, including the Company’s new investments during the quarter, the cost of which (“Transaction Prices”), may be considered a reasonable indication of fair value for a period of time, generally up to three months after the transaction date or until the initial payment date, in the case of new issue Structured Finance Securities. Portfolio investments with a fair value of $22,086 and $22,874, respectively, were valued at their Transaction Prices at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Investments that are not valued using Indicative Prices or Transaction Prices are typically valued using two different valuation techniques. The Company typically estimates the fair value of debt investments by a discounted cash flows technique in which a current price is imputed for the investment based upon an assessment of the expected market yield (or discount rate) for similarly structured investments with a similar level of risk. The Company considers the current contractual interest rate, the maturity and other terms of the investment relative to risk of the portfolio company and various market indices. A key determinant of portfolio-company risk is the leverage through the investment relative to earnings metrics of the portfolio company.
The fair value of Structured Finance Securities are also estimated primarily by discounted cash flow techniques. In valuing such investments, the Company considers CLO performance metrics, including prepayment rates, default rates, loss-on-default and recovery rates, and estimated market yields as a primary source for discounted cash flow fair value estimates, supplemented by actual trades executed in the market at or around period-end, as well as the Indicative Prices provided by broker-dealers in its estimate of the fair value of such investments. The Company also considers operating metrics, typically included in the governing documents of CLO vehicles, including collateralization tests, concentration limits, defaults, restructuring activity and prepayment rates on the underlying loans, if applicable.
The fair value of the Company’s equity investments, as well as certain of its impaired debt investments, are generally estimated through analysis of the portfolio company's enterprise value under a market approach. Enterprise value means the entire value of the portfolio company to a market participant, including the sum of the values of debt and equity securities used to capitalize the enterprise at a point in time. The primary method for determining enterprise value under the market approach involves an analysis, whereby appropriate multiples are applied to an earnings metric of the portfolio company, typically earnings before net
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) or revenue. EBITDA and revenue multiples are typically determined based upon review of market comparable transactions and publicly traded comparable companies, if any. The Company may also utilize other portfolio-company earnings metrics to determine enterprise value, such as forecast EBITDA or revenue, or a weighting of multiple factors. At times, the Company may also use a discounted cash flow technique to value its equity securities. Application of these valuation methodologies involves a significant degree of judgment by management.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of Level 3 investments, the fair value of the investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market or observable inputs existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that may ultimately be received or settled. Further, such investments are generally subject to legal and other restrictions, or otherwise are less liquid than publicly traded instruments. If the Company were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, the Company might realize significantly less than the value at which such investment had previously been recorded and incur a realized capital loss. The Company’s investments are subject to market risk as a result of economic and political developments, including impacts from interest rate and inflation rate changes, the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, instability in the U.S. and international banking systems, the agenda of the new U.S. presidential administration, including the potential impact of tariff enactment and tax reductions, the risk of recession or a shutdown of U.S. government services, and related market volatility. Market risk is directly impacted by the volatility and liquidity in the markets in which certain investments are traded and can affect the fair value of the Company’s investments. The Company’s investments are also subject to interest rate risk. Changes in interest rates, including any potential interest rate reductions approved by the U.S. Federal Reserve, may impact both its cost of funding and the valuation of its investment portfolio.
The following tables present the Company’s investment portfolio measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Security Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value at December 31, 2024
Debt investments $ - $ 21,837 $ 202,368 $ 224,205
Equity investments - - 108,585 108,585
Structured Finance Securities - - 76,875 76,875
$ - $ 21,837 $ 387,828 $ 409,665
Security Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair Value at December 31, 2023
Debt investments $ - $ 16,053 $ 235,260 $ 251,313
Equity investments - - 89,929 89,929
Structured Finance Securities - - 79,045 79,045
$ - $ 16,053 $ 404,234 $ 420,287
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables provide the primary quantitative information about valuation techniques and the Company’s unobservable inputs to its Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company may make changes to the valuation techniques, among techniques otherwise commonly utilized in accordance with its valuation policies, and/or the weighting of techniques used for particular investments based on changes in facts-and-circumstances and depending on the availability of, or changes in, information in order to produce the best estimate of fair value as of the measurement date. In addition to the techniques and unobservable inputs noted in the tables below and in accordance with OFS Advisor’s valuation policy, OFS Advisor, as valuation designee, may also use other valuation techniques and methodologies when determining the fair value measurements of the Company’s investment assets. The tables are not intended to be all-inclusive and only present the most significant unobservable input(s) relevant to the valuation designee’s determination of fair value.
Fair Value at December 31, 2024 Valuation technique Unobservable inputs Range
(Weighted average)
Debt investments:
First lien $ 123,028 Discounted cash flow Discount rates 9.01% - 32.50% (13.07%)
16,684 Market approach EBITDA multiples 3.00x - 7.27x (5.43x)
9,232 Market approach Revenue multiples 0.40x - 0.40x (0.40x)
19,093 Market approach Transaction Price
Second lien 27,400 Discounted cash flow Discount rates 10.84% - 33.45% (15.31%)
4,913 Market approach EBITDA multiples 8.43x - 8.43x (8.43x)
2,018 Market approach Revenue multiples 0.40x - 0.40x (0.40x)
Structured Finance Securities:
Subordinated notes(1)
61,308 Discounted cash flow Discount rates 15.00% - 40.00% (22.25%)
Constant default rate 2.00% - 3.00% (2.07%)
Recovery rate 65.00% - 65.00% (65.00%)
2,993 Market approach Transaction Price
Mezzanine debt(1)
12,574 Discounted cash flow Discount margin 7.60% - 9.90% (8.89%)
Constant default rate 2.00% - 3.00% (2.25%)
Recovery rate 65.00% - 65.00% (65.00%)
Equity investments:
Preferred equity 12,248 Market approach EBITDA multiples 7.00x - 8.50x (8.46x)
Common equity, warrants and other 96,337 Market approach EBITDA multiples 5.85x - 15.75x (13.66x)
Common equity, warrants and other - Market approach Revenue multiples 0.00x - 0.40x (0.40x)
$ 387,828
(1) The cash flows utilized in the discounted cash flow calculations assume: (i) liquidation of (a) certain distressed investments and (b) all investments currently in default held by the issuing CLO at their current market prices; and (ii) redeployment of proceeds at the issuing CLO’s assumed reinvestment rate.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Fair Value at December 31, 2023 Valuation technique Unobservable inputs Range
(Weighted average)
Debt investments:
First lien $ 161,211 Discounted cash flow Discount rates 9.55% - 24.40% (12.61%)
8,136 Market approach EBITDA multiples 3.14x - 6.00x (3.59x)
6,295 Market approach Revenue multiples 0.40x - 0.40x (0.40x)
11,189 Market approach Transaction Price
Second lien 36,495 Discounted cash flow Discount rates 10.45% - 21.68% (13.29%)
8,084 Market approach Revenue multiples 0.40x - 1.20x (0.67x)
3,850 Market approach Transaction Price
Subordinated - Market approach NAV liquidation(2)
Structured Finance Securities:
Subordinated notes(1)
44,965 Discounted cash flow Discount rates 16.00% - 50.00% (28.64%)
Constant default rate 2.00% - 2.00% (2.00%)
Recovery rate 65.00% - 65.00% (65.00%)
Mezzanine debt(1)
26,245 Discounted cash flow Discount margin 7.15% - 10.60% (8.36%)
Constant default rate 2.00% - 3.00% (2.04%)
Recovery rate 65.00% - 65.00% (65.00%)
Subordinated notes 5,018 Market Approach Transaction Price
Mezzanine debt 2,817 Market Approach Transaction Price
Equity investments:
Preferred equity 13,163 Market approach EBITDA multiples 7.50x - 8.00x (7.60x)
Preferred equity 77 Market approach Revenue multiples 0.13x - 3.25x (3.25x)
Common equity, warrants and other(3)
70,927 Discounted cash flow Discount rates 11.50% - 11.50% (11.50%)
Market approach EBITDA multiples 12.00x - 13.25x (12.63x)
Common equity, warrants and other 5,369 Market approach EBITDA multiples 5.75x - 16.50x (9.57x)
Common equity, warrants and other 393 Market approach Revenue multiples 0.40x - 0.70x (0.70x)
$ 404,234
(1) The cash flows utilized in the discounted cash flow calculations assume: (i) liquidation of (a) certain distressed investments and (b) all investments currently in default held by the issuing CLO at their current market prices; and (ii) redeployment of proceeds at the issuing CLO’s assumed reinvestment rate.
(2) NAV liquidation represents the fair value, or estimated expected residual value, of the investment.
(3) Two valuation techniques were weighted to determinate the fair value.
Averages in the preceding two tables were weighted by the fair value of the related instruments.
Changes in market credit spreads or events impacting the credit quality of the underlying portfolio company (both of which could impact the discount rate), as well as changes in enterprise value and/or EBITDA multiples, among other things, could have a significant impact on fair values, with the fair value of a particular debt investment susceptible to change in inverse relation to the changes in the discount rate. Changes in enterprise value and/or EBITDA multiples, as well as changes in the discount rate, could have a significant impact on fair values, with the fair value of an equity investment susceptible to change in tandem with the changes in enterprise value and/or EBITDA multiples, and in inverse relation to changes in the discount rate. Due to the wide
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
range of approaches in developing input assumptions to these valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.
The following tables present changes in investments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31, 2024
First Lien Debt
Investments Second Lien Debt Investments Subordinated
Debt
Investments Preferred Equity Common Equity and Warrants Structured Finance Securities Total
Level 3 assets, December 31, 2023 $ 186,831 $ 48,429 $ - $ 13,240 $ 76,689 $ 79,045 $ 404,234
Net realized gain (loss) on investments (2,663) (2,136) (4,376) (2,911) 807 (3,518) (14,797)
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments (18) (498) 4,680 221 18,820 5,967 29,172
Amortization of Net Loan Fees 937 413 - - - 243 1,593
Accretion of interest income on Structured Finance Securities - - - - - 8,731 8,731
Capitalized PIK interest and dividends 669 966 - 1,098 - - 2,733
Amendment fees received (281) - - - - - (281)
Purchase and origination of portfolio investments 49,662 8,291 - - - 27,369 85,322
Proceeds from principal payments on portfolio investments (44,511) (14,069) (304) - - (5,250) (64,134)
Sale and redemption of portfolio investments (13,925) (7,065) - (669) (1,379) (20,117) (43,155)
Distributions received from portfolio investments - - - - - (15,595) (15,595)
Conversion from debt investments to equity investments (2,669) - - 1,269 1,400 - -
Transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 2,596 - - - - - 2,596
Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 (8,591) - - - - - (8,591)
Level 3 assets, December 31, 2024 $ 168,037 $ 34,331 $ - $ 12,248 $ 96,337 $ 76,875 $ 387,828
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
First Lien Debt
Investments Second Lien Debt Investments Subordinated
Debt
Investments Preferred Equity Common Equity and Warrants Structured Finance Securities Total
Level 3 assets, December 31, 2022 $ 224,614 $ 56,199 $ 1,226 $ 8,196 $ 91,000 $ 88,518 $ 469,753
Net realized loss on investments (68) (185) (9,210) - (844) (1,257) (11,564)
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments (4,378) (1,031) 7,984 3,608 (12,861) (4,117) (10,795)
Amortization of Net Loan Fees 1,095 427 - - - 233 1,755
Accretion of interest income on Structured Finance Securities - - - - - 10,857 10,857
Capitalized PIK interest and dividends 806 655 - 1,136 - - 2,597
Amendment fees received (134) (116) - - - - (250)
Purchase and origination of portfolio investments 33,393 - - 345 356 7,642 41,736
Proceeds from principal payments on portfolio investments (65,184) (6,507) - - - (9,355) (81,046)
Sale and redemption of portfolio investments (1,697) (1,013) - - - - (2,710)
Distributions received from portfolio investments - - - (45) (962) (13,476) (14,483)
Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 (1,616) - - - - - (1,616)
Level 3 assets, December 31, 2023 $ 186,831 $ 48,429 $ - $ 13,240 $ 76,689 $ 79,045 $ 404,234
The net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, attributable to the Company’s Level 3 assets still held at those respective year ends was as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Debt investments $ (6,518) $ (5,765)
Equity investments 18,680 (10,186)
Structured Finance Securities 2,190 (5,553)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments held $ 14,352 $ (21,504)
Other Financial Assets and Liabilities
GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments not reported at fair value on a recurring basis for which it is practical to estimate such values. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its other financial instruments such as cash, cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximate the fair value of such items due to the short maturity of such financial instruments. The senior secured revolving credit facility between the Company and Banc of California (formally known as Pacific Western Bank), as lender (“Banc of California Credit Facility”) and the secured revolving credit facility that provides for borrowings in an aggregate principal amount up to $150,000 issued pursuant to a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement by and among OFSCC-FS, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, BNP Paribas, as administrative agent, OFSCC-FS Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, as equity holder, the Company, as servicer, Citibank, N.A., as collateral agent and Virtus Group, LP, as collateral administrator (“BNP Facility”) are variable rate instruments and fair value is approximately book value.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables present the fair value measurements of the Company’s debt and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the significant unobservable inputs used to determine such fair values as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024
Description Level 1(1)
Level 2 Level 3(2)
Total
Banc of California Credit Facility
$ - $ - $ 1,000 $ 1,000
BNP Facility - - 67,350 67,350
OFS Capital Corporation 4.75% Notes due 2026
- - 121,326 121,326
OFS Capital Corporation 4.95% Notes due 2028
49,698 - - 49,698
Total debt $ 49,698 $ - $ 189,676 $ 239,374
December 31, 2023
Description Level 1(1)
Level 2 Level 3(2)
Total
Banc of California Credit Facility
$ - $ - $ - $ -
BNP Facility - - 90,500 90,500
OFS Capital Corporation 4.75% Notes due 2026
- - 116,688 116,688
OFS Capital Corporation 4.95% Notes due 2028
48,565 - - 48,565
SBA-guaranteed debentures
- - 30,904 30,904
Total debt $ 48,565 $ - $ 238,092 $ 286,657
(1) For Level 1 measurements, fair value is estimated by using the closing price of the security on The Nasdaq Global Select Market.
(2) For Level 3 measurements, fair value is estimated through discounting remaining payments using current market rates for similar instruments at the measurement date through the legal maturity date.
The following are the carrying values and fair values of the Company’s debt as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Description Carrying Value(1)
Fair Value Carrying Value(1)
Fair Value
Banc of California Credit Facility
$ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ - $ -
BNP Facility 67,350 67,350 90,500 90,500
OFS Capital Corporation 4.75% Notes due 2026
124,097 121,326 123,322 116,688
OFS Capital Corporation 4.95% Notes due 2028
54,215 49,698 54,011 48,565
SBA-guaranteed debentures - - 31,900 30,904
Total debt $ 246,662 $ 239,374 $ 299,733 $ 286,657
(1) Carrying value is calculated as the outstanding principal amount less unamortized deferred debt issuance costs. See Note 2 for details.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies
The following table shows the Company’s outstanding commitments to fund investments in portfolio companies as of December 31, 2024:
Portfolio Company Investment Type Commitment
Associated Spring, LLC First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) $ 1,724
Boca Home Care Holdings, Inc. First Lien Debt (Revolver) 1,290
Clevertech Bidco, LLC First Lien Debt (Revolver) 294
Envocore Holding, LLC (F/K/A LRI Holding, LLC) First Lien Debt (Revolver) 1,670
Honor HN Buyer Inc. First Lien Debt (Revolver) 664
Honor HN Buyer Inc. First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) 5,000
Kreg LLC First Lien Debt (Revolver) 1,337
Medrina LLC First Lien Debt (Revolver) 319
Medrina LLC First Lien Debt (Delayed Draw) 447
SS Acquisition, LLC First Lien Debt (Revolver) 1,786
Tolemar Acquisition, Inc. First Lien Debt (Revolver) 515
Voya CLO 2024-7, Ltd.(1)
Subordinated Notes 3,704
$ 18,750
(1) Represents a primary market new issue trade that was recorded in January 2025 upon the closing and issuance of the security.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $6,068 and unused commitments of $24,000 under its Banc of California Credit Facility and $82,650 under its BNP Facility, each of which is subject to a borrowing base and other covenants, to fund these outstanding commitments to portfolio companies.
Legal and regulatory proceedings: From time to time, the Company is involved in legal proceedings in the normal course of its business. Although the outcome of such litigation cannot be predicted with any certainty, management is of the opinion, based on the advice of legal counsel, that final disposition of any litigation should not have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024.
Additionally, the Company is subject to periodic inspection by regulators to assess compliance with applicable BDC regulations.
Indemnifications: In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties that provide general indemnifications. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. The Company believes the risk of any material obligation under these indemnifications to be low.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 7. Borrowings
SBA Debentures: The SBIC Program enabled SBIC I LP to obtain leverage by issuing SBA-guaranteed debentures, subject to issuance of a capital commitment by the SBA and customary procedures. These debentures were non-recourse to the Company, had a ten-year maturity and a fixed interest rate at a market-driven spread over ten-year U.S. Treasury Notes.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, SBIC I LP had outstanding SBA debentures of $0 and $31,920, respectively.
Redemptions during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
On March 1, 2024, SBIC I LP fully repaid its outstanding SBA debentures totaling $31,920 that were contractually due March 1, 2025, and, on April 17, 2024, surrendered its license to operate as a SBIC.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, SBIC I LP redeemed $19,000 of SBA debentures that were contractually due March 1, 2025. The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $213 related to the acceleration of unamortized deferred borrowing costs and prepaid (or breakage) interest on the redeemed debentures.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, SBIC I LP redeemed $19,000 of SBA debentures that were contractually due March 1, 2025 and September 1, 2025. The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $144 related to the acceleration of unamortized deferred borrowing costs and prepaid (or breakage) interest on the redeemed debentures.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the components of interest expense, cash paid for interest, effective interest rates and average outstanding balances for the SBA debentures were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Stated interest expense $ 151 $ 1,236 $ 1,552
Amortization of debt issuance costs 20 162 188
Total interest and debt financing costs $ 171 $ 1,398 $ 1,740
Cash paid for interest expense $ 457 $ 1,418 $ 1,739
Effective interest rate 3.26 % 3.25 % 3.22 %
Average outstanding balance $ 5,233 $ 43,046 $ 53,991
Unsecured Notes: The Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 and the Unsecured Notes Due October 2028 (together, the “Unsecured Notes”), totaled $180,000 and $180,000 in aggregate principal debt at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not issue, redeem or repurchase any Unsecured Notes.
As of December 31, 2024, the Unsecured Notes had the following terms and balances:
Unsecured Notes Principal Unamortized Discount and Issuance Costs Stated Interest Rate(1)
Effective Interest Rate(2)
Maturity(3)
Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 $ 125,000 $ 903 4.75 % 5.39 % February 10, 2026
Unsecured Notes Due October 2028 55,000 785 4.95 % 5.32 % October 31, 2028
Total $ 180,000 $ 1,688
(1) The weighted-average fixed cash interest rate on the Unsecured Notes as of December 31, 2024 was 4.81%.
(2) The effective interest rate on the Unsecured Notes includes deferred debt issuance cost amortization.
(3) The Company may redeem the Unsecured Notes Due February 2026 in whole or in part at any time, or from time to time. The Company is required to pay a “make-whole” premium if the redemption date is prior to November 10, 2025. The Company may redeem the Unsecured Notes Due October 2028 in whole or in part at any time, or from time to time.
The Unsecured Notes are direct unsecured obligations and rank equal in right of payment with all current and future unsecured indebtedness of the Company. Because the Unsecured Notes are not secured by any of the Company’s assets, they are effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured unsubordinated indebtedness (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured as to which the Company subsequently grants a security interest), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, including, without limitation, borrowings under the Banc of California Credit Facility.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
The indenture governing the Unsecured Notes contains certain covenants, including: (i) prohibiting additional borrowings, including through the issuance of additional debt securities, unless the Company's asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, after giving effect to any exemptive relief granted to the Company by the SEC, equals at least 150% after such borrowings; and (ii) prohibiting (a) the declaration of any cash dividend or distribution upon any class of the Company’s capital stock (except to the extent necessary for the Company to maintain its treatment as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code), or (b) the purchase of any capital stock unless the Company’s asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least 150% at the time of such capital transaction and after deducting the amount of such transaction.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the components of interest expense, cash paid for interest, effective interest rates and average outstanding balances for the Unsecured Notes were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Stated interest expense $ 8,660 $ 8,660 $ 8,663
Amortization of debt issuance costs 979 981 1,029
Total interest and debt financing costs $ 9,639 $ 9,641 $ 9,692
Cash paid for interest expense $ 8,660 $ 8,660 $ 8,683
Effective interest rate 5.35 % 5.36 % 5.38 %
Average outstanding balance $ 180,000 $ 180,000 $ 180,000
Banc of California Credit Facility: The Company is party to a business loan agreement (“BLA”) with Banc of California, as lender, to provide the Company with a $25,000 senior secured revolving credit facility. The Banc of California Credit Facility is available for general corporate purposes including investment funding and is scheduled to mature on February 28, 2026. The maximum availability of the Banc of California Credit Facility is equal to 50% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of eligible loans included in the borrowing base, which typically excludes Structured Finance Securities and as otherwise specified in the BLA. The Banc of California Credit Facility is guaranteed by OFSCC-MB and secured by all of our and OFSCC-MB’s current and future assets, excluding assets held by OFSCC-FS and SBIC I LP, and the Company’s partnership interests in SBIC I LP.
The Banc of California Credit Facility bears interest at a variable rate of the Prime Rate plus a 0.25% margin, with a 5.00% floor, and includes an annual commitment fee of $125. As of December 31, 2024, the stated interest rate of the Banc of California Credit Facility was 7.75%. As of December 31, 2024, the Banc of California Credit Facility’s effective interest rate, including deferred financing cost amortization and commitment fees, was 8.25%.
Unamortized debt issuance costs included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, were $121 and $122, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $1,000 and $0 outstanding debt under the Banc of California Credit Facility, respectively, and $24,000 and $25,000 of unused commitments, respectively, subject to a borrowing base and other covenants.
Amendments during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
On December 15, 2023, the Company amended the Banc of California Credit Facility to: (i) extend the maturity date from February 28, 2024 to February 28, 2026; (ii) increase the interest rate floor from 4.00% to 5.00%; and (iii) eliminate the 0.50% unused line fee and replace it with an annual commitment fee of 0.50%.
On December 15, 2022, the Company amended the Banc of California Credit Facility to: (i) reduce the maximum amount available under the Banc of California Credit Facility from $35,000 to $25,000; and (ii) eliminate the No Net Losses covenant, which restricted net losses (defined as income after adjustments to the investment portfolio for gains and losses, realized and unrealized, also shown as net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations) in more than two quarters during the prior four quarters then ended.
On April 22, 2022, the Company amended the Banc of California Credit Facility to: (i) increase the maximum amount available under the Banc of California Credit Facility from $25,000 to $35,000; and (ii) extend the maturity date of the Banc of California Credit Facility from February 28, 2023 to February 28, 2024.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Fees and legal costs incurred in connection with the Banc of California Credit Facility are deferred and amortized over the life of the facility.
The BLA contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting requirements, a minimum tangible net asset value, a minimum quarterly net investment income after incentive fees, and a ratio of total liabilities divided by NAV. The BLA also contains customary events of default, including, without limitation, nonpayment, misrepresentation of representations and warranties in a material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default to other indebtedness, bankruptcy, change in investment advisor, and the occurrence of a material adverse change in our financial condition.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the components of interest expense, cash paid for interest, effective interest rates and average outstanding balances for the Banc of California Credit Facility were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Stated interest expense(1)
$ 3 $ 147 $ 128
Amortization of debt issuance costs(1)
125 5 5
Total interest and debt financing costs $ 128 $ 152 $ 133
Cash paid for interest expense $ - $ 145 $ 131
Effective interest rate(2)
n/m n/m n/m
Average outstanding balance $ 39 $ 1,249 $ 714
(1) For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, stated interest expense includes unused fees. Effective December 15, 2023, the 0.50% unused line fee was replaced with an annual commitment fee of 0.50%, which is included in amortization of debt issuance costs for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(2) Not meaningful due to a minimal average outstanding balance relative to the size of the total commitment and the amount of unused or commitment fees incurred during the periods.
BNP Facility: OFSCC-FS is party to the BNP Facility, which provides for borrowings in an aggregate principal amount up to $150,000. Borrowings under the BNP Facility bear interest at a variable rate of SOFR plus a variable margin (2.65% floor), which is determined on the basis of industry-recognized portfolio company metrics at the time of funding. The BNP Facility will mature on the earlier of June 20, 2027 or upon certain other events defined in the credit agreement which result in accelerated maturity. The reinvestment period of the BNP Facility ends on June 20, 2025, upon which the ability to access the unused commitment of the facility terminates.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $67,350 and $90,500, respectively, outstanding debt under the BNP Facility, and $82,650 and $59,500, respectively, of availability, subject to the terms of the borrowing base. OFSCC-FS also pays an unused fee up to 0.75% depending on the size of the unused portion of the BNP Facility.
Borrowings under the BNP Facility are secured by substantially all of the assets held by OFSCC-FS, which were $151,039 and $158,308, or 35% and 34% of the Company’s total consolidated assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. OFSCC-FS and the Company have each made customary representations and warranties and are required to comply with various covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities.
At December 31, 2024, the stated interest rate on the BNP Facility was 7.16%.
OFSCC-FS incurred fees to the lenders as well as legal costs to establish and amend the BNP Facility, which are deferred and amortized over the expected life of the facility. Unamortized debt issuance costs included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $560 and $941, respectively.
Amendments during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
On June 24, 2022, OFSCC-FS amended the BNP Facility to, among other things: (i) extend the reinvestment period under the BNP Facility for three years from June 20, 2022 to June 20, 2025; (ii) extend the maturity date under the BNP Facility from
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
June 20, 2024 to June 20, 2027; (iii) convert the benchmark interest rate from LIBOR to SOFR; (iv) increase the applicable margin by 0.40% on all classes of loans; and (v) increase the applicable margin floor from 1.925% to 2.65%.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the components of interest expense, cash paid for interest, effective interest rates and average outstanding balances for the BNP Facility were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Stated interest expense(1)
$ 6,329 $ 7,911 $ 5,133
Amortization of debt issuance costs 381 380 327
Total interest and debt financing costs $ 6,710 $ 8,291 $ 5,460
Cash paid for interest expense $ 6,543 $ 7,966 $ 4,661
Effective interest rate 8.88 % 8.29 % 4.42 %
Average outstanding balance $ 75,520 $ 100,062 $ 123,632
(1) Stated interest expense includes unused fees.
The average dollar borrowings and average interest rate for all Company debt during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, were as follows:
Year ended Average Dollar Borrowings Weighted-Average Effective Interest Rate
December 31, 2024 $ 260,792 6.38 %
December 31, 2023 324,357 6.01
December 31, 2022 358,337 4.75
The following table shows the scheduled maturities of the principal balances of the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2024:
Principal Due by Year
Debt liabilities Total 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Banc of California Credit Facility
$ 1,000 $ - $ 1,000 $ - $ - $ -
BNP Facility 67,350 - - 67,350 - -
Unsecured Notes 180,000 - 125,000 - 55,000 -
Total $ 248,350 $ - $ 126,000 $ 67,350 $ 55,000 $ -
Note 8. Federal Income Tax
Filing status: The Company has elected to be taxed as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to maintain its status as a RIC, the Company is required to distribute annually to its stockholders at least 90% of its ICTI, as defined by the Code. Additionally, to avoid a 4% U.S. federal excise tax on undistributed earnings the Company is required to distribute each calendar year the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for such calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of its net capital gains for the one-year period ending October 31 of that calendar year, and (iii) any income recognized, but not distributed, in preceding years and on which the Company paid no U.S. federal income tax. Maintenance of the Company's RIC status also requires adherence to certain source of income and asset diversification requirements.
OFSCC-MB, an entity taxed as a corporation under Subchapter C of the Code, is consolidated in the Company’s GAAP financial statements but is not included in the determination of ICTI or the RIC compliance requirements of the Company. The income of OFSCC-MB, net of applicable income taxes, is not included in the Company’s ICTI until distributed by OFSCC-MB, which may result in timing and character differences between the Company’s GAAP and tax-basis net investment income and realized gains and losses.
Taxable income and distributions: As of December 31, 2024, the Company met the source of income and asset diversification requirements, and intends to continue to meet these requirements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has accrued refunds of $121 related to tax-year 2022 and 2023 excise tax overpayments. The Company’s ICTI differs from the net increase
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations primarily due to differences in income recognition on the unrealized appreciation/depreciation of investments, income recognition for CLO subordinated note investments, income from Company’s equity investments in pass-through entities, capital gains and losses and the net creation or utilization of capital loss carryforwards.
The distributions paid to stockholders are reported as ordinary income, long-term capital gains and returns of capital. The tax character of distributions paid(1) were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2024(1)
2023 2022
Ordinary taxable income $ 18,221 $ 17,954 $ 15,564
Long-term capital gain - - -
Return of capital - - -
Total distributions to common stockholders $ 18,221 $ 17,954 $ 15,564
(1) The calculation of 2024 U.S. federal taxable income is based on certain estimated amounts, including information received from third parties and, as a result, actual 2024 U.S. federal taxable income will not be finally determined until the Company’s 2024 U.S. federal tax return is filed in 2025 (and, therefore, such estimate is subject to change).
Tax-basis components of distributable earnings (accumulated losses) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:
December 31,
2024 2023
Ordinary income (RIC) $ 267 $ 3,468
Undistributed earnings and profits (OFSCC-MB; C-Corporation) 2,498 2,075
Net operating loss carryforward (OFSCC-MB; C-Corporation) 79 140
Capital loss carryforwards:
RIC - short-term, non-expiring
(5,087) (5,109)
RIC - long-term, non-expiring
(63,080) (44,664)
The Company records reclassifications to its capital accounts related to permanent differences between GAAP and tax treatment of excise taxes and other permanent differences. The Company recorded reclassifications to (increase) decrease additional paid-in capital against total distributable earnings (accumulated loss) of $(71), $0 and $101 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These reclassifications have no effect on total net assets or net asset value per common share.
The estimated tax-basis cost of investments and associated tax-basis gross unrealized appreciation (depreciation) inherent in the fair value of investments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:
December 31,
2024 2023
Tax-basis amortized cost of investments $ 358,210 $ 399,056
Tax-basis gross unrealized appreciation on investments 103,808 83,007
Tax-basis gross unrealized depreciation on investments (52,353) (61,776)
Tax-basis net unrealized appreciation on investments 51,455 21,231
Fair value of investments $ 409,665 $ 420,287
Deferred taxes: The Company recognizes deferred taxes on the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of securities held through OFSCC-MB and other basis differences, including available loss carry forwards and suspended interest expense deductions reported by portfolio companies. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted corporate federal tax rates and estimated state tax burdens expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those unrealized gains and losses are realized. The recoverability of deferred tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recorded to the extent that it is
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
more likely than not that any portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized on the basis of the projected taxable income or other taxable events in OFSCC-MB.
The tax-basis unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments by tax entity inherent in the fair value of investments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:
December 31,
2024 2023
Total net unrealized appreciation on investments held by RIC entities $ 49,423 $ 21,453
OFSCC-MB (C-Corp):
Gross unrealized appreciation on investments 2,041 1,180
Gross unrealized depreciation on investments (9) (1,402)
Total net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments on investments held by OFSCC-MB 2,032 (222)
Total tax-basis net unrealized appreciation on investments $ 51,455 $ 21,231
Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:
December 31,
2024 2023
Total deferred tax assets $ 3 $ 328
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets - -
Total deferred tax liabilities (582) (397)
Deferred tax liabilities and assets with tax basis unrealized gain and losses differs from the amount that would have resulted from applying the federal rate of 21% to unrealized gains and losses because of state income taxes, net of the associated federal tax benefit.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 9. Financial Highlights
The following is a schedule of financial highlights for each year in the five-year period ended December 31, 2024:
Year Ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020
Per share operating performance:
Net asset value per share at beginning of year
$ 12.09 $ 13.47 $ 15.18 $ 11.85 $ 12.46
Net investment income(1)
1.25 1.50 1.37 1.00 0.92
Net realized loss on investments, net of taxes(1)
(1.28) (0.85) (0.13) (1.54) (0.75)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments, net of deferred taxes(1)
2.15 (0.67) (1.79) 5.12 0.25
Loss on extinguishment of debt(1)
- (0.02) (0.01) (0.34) (0.06)
Loss on impairment of goodwill(1)
- - - - (0.08)
Total from operations 2.12 (0.04) (0.56) 4.24 0.28
Distributions declared (1.36) (1.34) (1.16) (0.91) (0.86)
Issuance/repurchase of common stock(2)
- - 0.01 - (0.03)
Net asset value per share at end of year $ 12.85 $ 12.09 $ 13.47 $ 15.18 $ 11.85
Per share market value, end of period
$ 8.07 $ 11.70 $ 10.15 $ 10.90 $ 7.15
Total return based on market value(3)
(19.7) % 30.2 % 4.4 % 66.8 % (24.0) %
Total return based on net asset value(4)
23.7 % 1.4 % (0.6) % 40.2 % 13.6 %
Shares outstanding at end of period 13,398,078 13,398,078 13,398,078 13,422,413 13,409,559
Weighted-average shares outstanding 13,398,078 13,398,078 13,417,410 13,413,861 13,394,005
Ratio/Supplemental Data (in thousands except ratios)
Average net asset value(5)
$ 157,621 $ 173,265 $ 194,068 $ 178,628 $ 148,175
Net asset value at end of year
$ 172,225 $ 162,004 $ 180,423 $ 203,744 $ 158,956
Net investment income
$ 16,712 $ 20,160 $ 18,352 $ 13,450 $ 12,295
Ratio of total expenses, net to average net assets(6)
19.8 % 21.2 % 15.7 % 19.2 % 22.4 %
Ratio of total expenses, net and losses on impairment of goodwill and extinguishment of debt to average net assets(7)
19.8 % 21.4 % 15.7 % 21.8 % 23.7 %
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets(8)
10.6 % 11.6 % 9.5 % 7.5 % 8.3 %
Ratio of goodwill impairment loss to average net assets - % - % - % - % 0.7 %
Ratio of loss on extinguishment of debt to average net assets - % 0.1 % 0.1 % 2.6 % 0.6 %
Portfolio turnover(9)
23.1 % 8.8 % 28.0 % 54.9 % 28.1 %
(1)Calculated on the average share method.
(2)The issuance/repurchase of common stock on a per share basis reflects the net asset value change as a result of DRIP share issuances, shares repurchased pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program, the anti-dilutive (dilutive) impact from changes in weighted-average shares outstanding during the period, and the difference between the per share amount distributed to common stockholders of record and the per share amount distributed based on the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the applicable period.
(3)Calculated as ending market value less beginning market value, adjusted for distributions reinvested at prices based on the Company’s DRIP for the respective distributions.
(4)Calculated as ending net asset value less beginning net asset value, adjusted for distributions reinvested at the Company’s DRIP for the respective distributions.
(5)Based on the average of the net asset value at the beginning of the indicated period and the end of each calendar quarter within the period indicated.
(6)Ratio of total expenses before incentive fee waiver to average net assets was 22.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(7)Ratio of total expenses before incentive fee waiver and losses on impairment of goodwill and extinguishment of debt to average net assets was 24.0% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(8)Ratio of net investment income before incentive fee waiver to average net assets was 8.0% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(9)Portfolio turnover rate is calculated using the lesser of year-to-date sales, Structured Finance Security distributions and principal payments or year-to-date purchases over the average of portfolio investments at fair value at the beginning of the indicated period and the end of each calendar quarter within the period indicated.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 10. Capital Transactions
Distributions: The Company intends to make quarterly distributions to stockholders that represent, over time, substantially all of its net investment income. In addition, although the Company may distribute at least annually net realized capital gains, net of taxes if any, out of assets legally available for such distribution, the Company may also retain such capital gains for investment through a deemed distribution. If the Company makes a deemed distribution, stockholders will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if they had received an actual distribution of the capital gains, net of taxes.
The Company may be limited in its ability to make distributions to stockholders due to the BDC asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act. In addition, distributions from OFSCC-FS to the Company are restricted by the terms and conditions of the BNP Facility. At December 31, 2024, OFSCC-FS had cash of $4,762, of which $0 was available for distribution to the Company.
The following table summarizes distributions declared and paid for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Date Declared Record Date Payment Date Amount
Per Share Cash
Distribution DRIP Shares
Issued DRIP Shares
Value
Year ended December 31, 2024
February 28, 2024 March 18, 2024 March 28, 2024 $ 0.34 $ 4,555 - $ - (1)
April 30, 2024 June 18, 2024 June 28, 2024 0.34 4,556 - - (1)
July 30, 2024 September 20, 2024 September 30, 2024 0.34 4,555 - - (1)
October 29, 2024 December 20, 2024 December 31, 2024 0.34 4,555 - - (1)
$ 1.36 $ 18,221 - $ -
Year ended December 31, 2023
February 28, 2023 March 24, 2023 March 31, 2023 $ 0.33 $ 4,421 - $ - (1)
May 2, 2023 June 23, 2023 June 30, 2023 0.33 4,422 - - (1)
August 1, 2023 September 22, 2023 September 29, 2023 0.34 4,555 - - (1)
October 31, 2023 December 22, 2023 December 29, 2023 0.34 4,556 - - (1)
$ 1.34 $ 17,954 - $ -
Year ended December 31, 2022
March 1, 2022 March 24, 2022 March 31, 2022 $ 0.28 $ 3,719 3,016 $ 39
May 3, 2022 June 23, 2022 June 30, 2022 0.29 3,850 4,348 43
August 2, 2022 September 23, 2022 September 30, 2022 0.29 3,849 5,529 46
November 1, 2022 December 23, 2022 December 30, 2022 0.30 3,967 5,026 51
$ 1.16 $ 15,385 17,919 $ 179
(1) During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company directed the DRIP plan administrator to purchase shares on the open market in order to satisfy the DRIP obligation to deliver shares of common stock.
The following table represents DRIP participation for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively:
For the Year Ended Total DRIP Participation DRIP Shares Issued Number of Shares Purchased Average Value Per Share
December 31, 2024 $ 330 - 37,499 $ 8.81
December 31, 2023 281 - 25,690 10.94
December 31, 2022 179 17,919 - 9.98
Since the Company’s initial public offering in 2012 and through December 31, 2024, distributions to stockholders total $184,502, or $15.35 per share on a cumulative basis.
Distributions of current year or accumulated prior years ICTI will be characterized as distributions of ordinary income. Distributions in excess of the Company’s current and accumulated ICTI would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of a stockholder’s tax basis, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain. The determination of the tax attributes of the Company’s distributions is made annually as of the end of its fiscal year based upon its estimated ICTI and distributions paid for the full year. Each year, if required, a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the source of the distribution is mailed to the Company’s stockholders.
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Stock repurchase program: The Company has an open market stock repurchase program to acquire up to $10,000 of its outstanding common stock under Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act (the “Stock Repurchase Program”). On April 30, 2024, the Board extended the Stock Repurchase Program for an additional two-year period ending May 22, 2026. Under the Stock Repurchase Program, the Company may repurchase shares in open-market transactions, including through block purchases, depending on prevailing market conditions and other factors. The Company expects the Stock Repurchase Program to be in place through May 22, 2026, or until the approved dollar amount has been used to repurchase shares. The Stock Repurchase Program may be extended, modified or discontinued at any time for any reason.
The following table summarizes the shares of common stock the Company repurchased under the Stock Repurchase Program during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (amount in thousands except shares):
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Program Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program Weighted Average Discount to NAV Prior to Repurchase
January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 42,254 $ 8.30 42,254 $ 9,642 41.6 %
January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023 - - - 9,642 -
January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 - - - 9,642 -
Total 42,254 $ 8.30 42,254
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 11. Consolidated Schedule of Investments In and Advances To Affiliates
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Name of Portfolio Company Investment Type(1)
Net Realized Gain (Loss) Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation/ (Depreciation) Interest Dividends Fees Total Income(2)
December 31, 2023, Fair Value(5)
Gross
Additions(3)
Gross
Reductions(4)
December 31, 2024, Fair Value(5)
Affiliate Investments
Contract Datascan Holdings, Inc. Preferred Equity(7)
$ - $ 480 $ - $ 1,098 $ - $ 1,098 $ 10,312 $ 1,578 $ - $ 11,890
Common Equity(6)
- 170 - - - - 271 170 - 441
- 650 - 1,098 - 1,098 10,583 1,748 - 12,331
DRS Imaging Services, LLC Common Equity(6)
- 797 - - - - 393 797 - 1,190
Master Cutlery, LLC Subordinated Debt(6)
(4,352) 4,680 - - - - - 4,680 (4,680) -
Preferred Equity(6)
(3,483) 3,483 - - - - - 3,483 (3,483) -
Common Equity(6)
- - - - - - - - - -
(7,835) 8,163 - - - - - 8,163 (8,163) -
Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. Common Equity - 18,371 - 1,093 - 1,093 70,927 18,371 - 89,298
TalentSmart Holdings, LLC Common Equity(6)
- 468 - - - - 1,136 468 - 1,604
TRS Services, Inc. Preferred Equity 572 (2,410) - 1,891 - 1,891 2,507 - (2,507) -
Common Equity(6)
757 (713) - - - - 1,285 - (1,285) -
1,329 (3,123) - 1,891 - 1,891 3,792 - (3,792) -
Total Affiliate Investments $ (6,506) $ 25,326 $ - $ 4,082 $ - $ 4,082 $ 86,831 $ 29,547 $ (11,955) $ 104,423
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(1)Principal balance of debt investments and ownership detail for equity investments are shown in the consolidated schedule of investments. The Company’s investments are generally classified as “restricted securities” as such term is defined under Regulation S-X Rule 6-03(f) or Securities Act Rule 144.
(2)Represents the total amount of interest, fees or dividends included in 2024 income for the portion of the year ended December 31, 2024, that an investment was included in Control or Affiliate Investment categories, respectively.
(3)Gross additions include increases in cost basis resulting from a new portfolio investment, PIK interest, fees and dividends, accretion of OID, and net increases in unrealized net appreciation or decreases in net unrealized depreciation.
(4)Gross reductions include decreases in the cost basis of investments resulting from principal repayments and sales, and net decreases in net unrealized appreciation or net increases in net unrealized depreciation.
(5)Fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs. See Note 5 for further details.
(6)Non-income producing.
(7)Dividends credited to income include dividends contractually earned but not declared (i.e., PIK dividends).
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Name of Portfolio Company Investment Type(1)
Net Realized Gain (Loss) Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation/ (Depreciation) Interest Dividends Fees Total Income(2)
December 31, 2022, Fair Value(5)
Gross
Additions(3)
Gross
Reductions(4)
December 31, 2023, Fair Value(5)
Control Investment
Eblens Holdings, Inc. Subordinated Debt(6)
$ (4,605) $ 3,501 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,104 $ - $ (1,104) $ -
Subordinated Debt(6)
(4,605) 4,605 - - - - - - - -
Common Equity(6)
(1,306) 950 - - - - - 356 (356) -
(10,516) 9,056 - - - - 1,104 356 (1,460) -
Total Control Investment (10,516) 9,056 - - - - 1,104 356 (1,460) -
Affiliate Investments
Contract Datascan Holdings, Inc. Preferred Equity(7)
$ - $ 3,116 $ - $ 994 $ - $ 994 $ 6,202 $ 4,110 $ - $ 10,312
Common Equity(6)
- (240) - - - - 510 - (239) 271
- 2,876 - 994 - 994 6,712 4,110 (239) 10,583
DRS Imaging Services, LLC Common Equity - (1,175) - 35 - 35 1,568 - (1,175) 393
Master Cutlery, LLC Subordinated Debt(6)
- (122) - - - - 122 - (122) -
Preferred Equity(6)
- - - - - - - - - -
Common Equity(6)
- - - - - - - - - -
- (122) - - - - 122 - (122) -
Pfanstiehl Holdings, Inc. Common Equity - (14,529) - 546 - 546 85,456 - (14,529) 70,927
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Name of Portfolio Company Investment Type(1)
Net Realized Gain (Loss) Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation/ (Depreciation) Interest Dividends Fees Total Income(2)
December 31, 2022, Fair Value(5)
Gross
Additions(3)
Gross
Reductions(4)
December 31, 2023, Fair Value(5)
TalentSmart Holdings, LLC Common Equity(6)
$ - $ 184 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 953 $ 183 $ - $ 1,136
TRS Services, Inc. Preferred Equity(7)
- 520 - 191 - 191 1,890 662 (45) 2,507
Common Equity(6)
- 1,285 - - - - - 1,285 - 1,285
- 1,805 - 191 - 191 1,890 1,947 (45) 3,792
Total Affiliate Investments - (10,961) - 1,766 - 1,766 96,701 6,240 (16,110) 86,831
Total Control and Affiliate Investments $ (10,516) $ (1,905) $ - $ 1,766 $ - $ 1,766 $ 97,805 $ 6,596 $ (17,570) $ 86,831
(1)Principal balance of debt investments and ownership detail for equity investments are shown in the consolidated schedule of investments. The Company’s investments are generally classified as “restricted securities” as such term is defined under Regulation S-X Rule 6-03(f) or Securities Act Rule 144.
(2)Represents the total amount of interest, fees or dividends included in 2023 income for the portion of the year ended December 31, 2023, that an investment was included in Control or Affiliate Investment categories, respectively.
(3)Gross additions include increases in cost basis resulting from a new portfolio investment, PIK interest, fees and dividends, accretion of OID, and net increases in unrealized net appreciation or decreases in net unrealized depreciation.
(4)Gross reductions include decreases in the cost basis of investments resulting from principal repayments and sales, and net decreases in net unrealized appreciation or net increases in net unrealized depreciation.
(5)Fair value was determined using significant unobservable inputs. See Note 5 for further details.
(6)Non-income producing.
(7)Dividends credited to income include (or portion thereof) dividends contractually earned but not declared (i.e, PIK dividends).
OFS Capital Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Note 12. Subsequent Events Not Disclosed Elsewhere
On February 26, 2025, the Company’s Board declared a distribution of $0.34 per share for the first quarter of 2025, payable on March 31, 2025 to stockholders of record as of March 21, 2025.

---

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. The term “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that the transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that the receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with polices or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management (with the supervision and participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Based on our assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

---

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
(a) Not applicable.
(b) During the three months ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

---

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year.

---

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by Item 11 is hereby incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year.

---

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters
The information required by Item 12 is hereby incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year.

---

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by Item 13 is hereby incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year.

---

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by Item 14 is hereby incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year.
PART IV

---

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
a. Documents Filed as Part of this Report
1. Financial Statements: See “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report for a list of financial statements.
2. Financial Statement Schedules: Schedule 12-14 Investments in and Advances to Affiliates-See “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Note 11.” of this report.
3. Exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K: See Item 15b. below.
b. Exhibits
The following table lists exhibits filed as part of this report, according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K. All exhibits listed in the following table are incorporated by reference except for those exhibits denoted in the last column. Please note that the agreements included as exhibits to this Form 10-K are included to provide information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about us or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement that have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number Description Form and SEC File No. Filing Date with SEC Filed with this 10-K
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of OFS Capital Corporation
N-2 (333-166363) March 18, 2011
3.2 Certificate of Correction to Certificate of Incorporation of OFS Capital Corporation
10-K (814-00813) March 26, 2013
3.3 Bylaws of OFS Capital Corporation
N-2/A (333-166363) March 18, 2011
4.1 Form of Stock Certificate of OFS Capital Corporation
N-2/A (333-166363) March 18, 2011
4.2 Base Indenture
N-2 (333-200376) November 19, 2014
4.3 Warrant Agreement
N-2/A (333-200376) December 16, 2014
4.4 Subscription Agent Agreement
N-2/A (333-200376) December 16, 2014
4.5 Subscription Certificate
N-2/A (333-200376) December 16, 2014
4.6 Certificate of Designation
N-2/A (333-200376) December 16, 2014
4.7 Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 10, 2021 between OFS Capital Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee
Form 8-K
(814-00813) February 10, 2021
4.8 Form of 4.75% Note due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 thereto and Exhibit A therein)
Form 8-K
(814-00813) February 10, 2021
4.9 Sixth Supplemental Indenture dated of October 28, 2021 between OFS Capital Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee
Form 8-K
(814-00813) October 28, 2021
4.10 Form of 4.95% Notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 thereto and Exhibit A therein)
Form 8-K
(814-00813) October 28, 2021
4.11 Description of Securities
*
10.1 Form of Dividend Reinvestment Plan
N-2/A (333-166363) March 18, 2011
10.2 Investment Advisory and Management Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and OFS Capital Management, LLC
10-Q (814-00813) November 7, 2014
10.3 Custody Agreement
10-K (814-00813) March 4, 2022
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number Description Form and SEC File No. Filing Date with SEC Filed with this 10-K
10.4 Administration Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and OFS Capital Services, LLC
N-2 (333-278170) March 22, 2024
10.5 Trademark License Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Orchard First Source Asset Management, LLC
N-2 (333-278170) March 22, 2024
10.6 Form of Indemnification Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and each of its directors and executive officers
N-2/A (333-166363) March 18, 2011
10.7 Registration Rights Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Orchard First Source Asset Management, LLC
N-2/A (333-278170) May 17, 2024
10.8 Assignment and Assumption Agreement by and among Orchard First Source Asset Management, LLC, Orchard First Source Asset Management Holdings, LLC and OFS Capital Corporation, dated January 10, 2023
10-K (814-00813) March 3, 2023
10.9 Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated March 7, 2018
10-K (814-00813) March 12, 2018
10.10 Promissory Note between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated November 5, 2015
10-Q (814-00813) November 6, 2015
10.11 Change in terms to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated March 7, 2018
10-K (814-00813) March 12, 2018
10.12 Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California, dated April 10, 2019
Form 8-K
(814-00813) April 15, 2019
10.13 Change in terms to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated April 10, 2019
Form 8-K
(814-00813) April 15, 2019
10.14 Commercial Guaranty Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated April 10, 2019
Form 8-K
(814-00813) April 15, 2019
10.15 Amendment One to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated June 26, 2020
Form 8-K
(814-00813) July 2, 2020
10.16 Amendment Two to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated July 29, 2020
Form 8-K
(814-00813) July 31, 2020
10.17 Amendment Three to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated October 7, 2020
Form 8-K
(814-00813) October 9, 2020
10.18 Amendment Four to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated February 17, 2021
Form 8-K
(814-00813) February 19, 2021
10.19 Change in Terms to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated February 17, 2021
Form 8-K
(814-00813) February 19, 2021
10.20 Change in Terms to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated November 15, 2021
Form 8-K
(814-00813) November 18, 2021
10.21 Amendment Five to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated April 22, 2022
Form 8-K
(814-00813) April 25, 2022
10.22 Change in Terms to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated April 22, 2022
Form 8-K
(814-00813) April 25, 2022
10.23 Amendment Six to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated December 15, 2022
Form 8-K
(814-00813) December 15, 2022
10.24 Amendment Seven to the Business Loan Agreement between OFS Capital Corporation and Banc of California dated December 15, 2023
Form 8-K
(814-00813) December 15, 2023
10.25 Commercial Guaranty Agreement between among OFS Capital Corporation, OFSCC-MB, Inc., and Banc of California, dated April 10, 2019
Form 8-K
(814-00813) April 15, 2019
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number Description Form and SEC File No. Filing Date with SEC Filed with this 10-K
10.26 Revolving Credit and Security Agreement by and among OFSCC-FS, LLC, as borrower, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, BNP Paribas, as administrative agent, OFSCC-FS Holdings LLC, as equityholder, OFS Capital Corporation, as servicer, Virtus Group LP, as collateral administrator, and Citibank, N.A., as collateral agent, dated June 20, 2019.
Form 8-K
(814-00813) June 24, 2019
10.27 First Amendment to the Revolving Credit and Security Agreement by and among OFSCC-FS, LLC, as borrower, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, BNP Paribas, as administrative agent, OFSCC-FS Holdings LLC, as equityholder, OFS Capital Corporation, as servicer, and Virtus Group LP, as collateral administrator, dated June 24, 2022
Form 8-K
(814-00813) June 27, 2022
10.28 Second Amendment to the Revolving Credit and Security Agreement by and among OFSCC-FS, LLC, as borrower, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, BNP Paribas, as administrative agent, OFSCC-FS Holdings LLC, as equityholder, OFS Capital Corporation, as servicer, and Virtus Group, LP, as collateral administrator, dated February 2, 2023
10-K (814-00813) March 3, 2023
10.29 Securities Account Control Agreement by and among OFSCC-FS, LLC, as pledgor, BNP Paribas, as administrative agent, and Citibank, N.A., as secured party and securities intermediary, dated June 20, 2019.
Form 8-K
(814-00813) June 24, 2019
10.30 Custodian and Loan Administration Agreement by and among OFSCC-FS, LLC, Citibank, N.A., as custodian, and Virtus Group, LP, as collateral administrator, dated June 20, 2019.
Form 8-K
(814-00813) June 24, 2019
10.31 Loan Sale and Contribution Agreement by and between OFSCC-FS, LLC, as the buyer, and OFSCC-FS Holdings, LLC, as the seller, dated June 20, 2019.
Form 8-K
(814-00813) June 24, 2019
11.1 Computation of Per Share Earnings +
14.1 Joint Code of Ethics of OFS Capital Corporation and OFS Advisor
Form 10-Q
(814-00813) November 1, 2024
19.1 OFS Capital Corporation Insider Trading Policy and Procedures
10-K (814-00813) March 5, 2024
21.1 List of Subsidiaries
*
23.1 Consent from KPMG LLP
*
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
*
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
*
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
†
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
†
97.1 Dodd-Frank Compensation Recoupment Policy
10-K (814-00813) March 5, 2024
* Filed herewith.
+ Included in the notes to the financial statements contained in this report
† Furnished herewith