EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 803578
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 803578_10-K_2021_0001437749-21-007829.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Overview of Market
Founded in 1979, Information Analysis Incorporated, which we sometimes refer to as the Company or IAI, is in the business of developing and maintaining information technology (IT) systems, modernizing client information systems, and performing other IT-related professional services to government and commercial organizations. Since IAI's inception, we have performed software development and conversion projects for over 100 commercial and government customers including, but not limited to, the Department of Agriculture, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Homeland Security, Department of the Treasury, U.S. Small Business Administration, U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, Department of Veterans Affairs, and General Dynamics Information Technology (formerly Computer Sciences Corporation, CSRA). At present, we primarily apply our technology, services and experience to legacy software migration and modernization, developing web-based and mobile device solutions, including dynamic electronic forms development and conversion, data analytics, and we are in the process of acquiring talent and expertise in developing cybersecurity and cloud services practices.
Cloud Solutions Marketplace
The cybersecurity and cloud solutions markets continue to be among the fastest growing segments of the information technology professional services business as small and large companies, and state and federal government agencies are rapidly expanding their presence and reach through cloud implementations. The range of products and services involved in this sector is extensive. Complex web applications generally require knowledge of customers’ back-end systems based on mainframe or mid-level computers. Few small companies have the expertise to develop these more sophisticated web applications. We distinguish ourselves among smaller companies by having such expertise, typically associated with larger companies, both internally and through strategic business relationships with leading-edge software firms.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Information Collection and Dissemination
Given executive level directives to improve outreach to its stakeholders, federal and state government agencies are now empowered to find means of facilitating dissemination of information quickly and efficiently. Government requirements are unique in that most government processes are based on forms. Many government agencies rely on thousands of internal and external forms to conduct their business. Forms usage within the federal government is also subject to Section 508 and its related accessibility requirements for information and communications technology. Of particular concern are PDF documents, which need special remediation due to not generally being accessible by screen readers. PDF's are the predominant format for forms in the federal government, and we support several agencies in Section 508 PDF remediation through our solutions partnership with Adobe Systems.
The U.S. federal government has been employing more form data entry and citizen communication using mobile devices such as iPhones, iPads, and mobile devices employing the Android and other operating systems. Working with Adobe’s latest versions of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM), we have been able to build applications for several federal clients employing mobile devices, as well as converting paper-based forms into “dynamic” or “adaptive” forms.
Legacy Migration and Modernization
The migration and modernization market is complex and diverse. Many large legacy systems remain in use because of the enormous cost to re-engineer these systems. Typically, these legacy systems have been patched and modified without adequate documentation for decades and utilize multiple reporting applications and methods used to recall the information contained within the systems. Currently, the options available to modernize these systems are many and include introduction of new hardware systems, employing advanced software languages, and utilization of the Internet or Intranet to achieve desired efficiencies. All of these options are often very expensive and time consuming because they require starting all over in defining requirements, designing structures, programming, and testing.
Opportunities for our modernization expertise continue to exist as government agencies and private companies are being driven to modernize for various reasons. One major reason is the increasing difficulty of finding and retaining staff with technical skills in outdated but in-use programming languages. Many senior programmers who possess these skills are nearing retirement. Another driving factor is the increased funding by federal and state legislatures to address the upgrading of their legacy systems. Hardware platforms such as Unisys are reaching the horizon of their usefulness, and consequently, older programming and data base languages are generally poorly supported by their providers. Maintenance costs are materially increasing as vendors squeeze the most out of clients before the life-cycles of hardware and software expire. The inherent stability of these legacy systems and the costs of modernizing them through traditional methods have been barriers to decision-makers executing on the modernizations, but the increases in resources needed and the decrease in resources available to support these legacy systems will continue to force the issue. In addition, the Internet has added a new level of pressure to compete in the electronic marketplace with sector rivals. Ove the next decade, we expect organizations to be under increasing pressure revamp their older legacy systems.
A segment of mainframe users is interested in simply updating their legacy systems without drastic rewritings to these systems in newer languages or adapting expensive enterprise products (such as SAP or Oracle) to their needs. These potential customers are looking for automated tools that can quickly and cost-effectively move applications onto cheaper computer platforms without the risk of failure. IAI, in conjunction with strategic partners, such as Micro Focus and Software Mining, offers its own conversion tool set and those of our partners in addressing this need and positioning us to uniquely deliver successful results. It is difficult to determine the exact size of this segment, but even a minor share of this market would represent significant prospective customers with meaningful opportunities.
IAI was a major partner in the successful modernization effort of the SBA's 504 loan program through 2017 and 2018, and we are currently working with those same partners on another large effort at the SBA.
Because of IAI’s unique modernization capabilities, IAI has been a preferred small business partner to some key large systems integrators.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Description of Business and Strategy
Our traditional areas of services offerings revolve around legacy system modernization, dynamic and adaptive forms creation and data collections, Section 508 compliance on fillable and savable PDF’s and web-based forms, and development of applications revolving around data collection, including the Department of Homeland Security’s Parking and Transit Subsidy Application Tool and the Department of Veteran’s Affairs’ intelligent adaptive 10-10EZ multi-platform application.
For several years we have been aligned with Micro Focus, an established company in the legacy COBOL environment, to jointly participate in the conversion of large legacy mainframe systems to PC and Unix server platforms. Micro Focus has developed a suite of products that simplify the conversion process and enable the entry screens to be Internet accessible. We use these Micro Focus tools in conjunction with our proprietary ICONS suite of conversion tools to perform legacy platform modernizations with a speed and efficiency that sets us apart from most competitors in the legacy modernization market. The diverse capabilities of our staff in mainframe technology and client-server implementations help to assure that our staff can analyze the original systems properly to conduct accurate and thorough conversions both from a technical and a business perspective. Our modernization methodology has evolved over time through the successful completion of numerous conversion projects.
Our strategy to exploit the conversion and modernization market is also predicated on continuing to form alliances with large information technology consulting firms and systems integrators who currently maintain the legacy systems for large government agencies and Fortune 1000 companies. These strategic alliances have resulted in significant opportunities in the past and are likely to be important in procuring future business.
We are using the experience we have acquired as an Adobe solutions partner and reseller to help secure engagements for web-based applications requiring forms. The Adobe Experience Manager products have evolved over the years into robust tools that can form the backbone of applications, especially those requiring forms and web content management. We have used this expertise to penetrate a number of federal government clients such as the Internal Revenue Service and Veterans Affairs and build sophisticated web applications at the Department of Homeland Security. One such application, a parking and transit subsidy tool, was cited for award recognition by the American Council for Technology - Industry Advisory Council (ACT-IAC) and Federal Computer Week’s Fed 100 Awards. Our knowledge of legacy system languages has been instrumental in connecting these web applications to legacy databases residing on mainframe computers. Our Company has built a core group of professionals that can continue to build this practice over the coming years. In addition, IAI, operating as a prime contractor, has teamed with Adobe Systems to provide AEM Assets govCloud services to DoD’s Defense Security Services and AEM related application consulting to the Defense Finance and Accounting Services.
We recognize the need to enhance our service and product capabilities as a means of expanding our business base and maintaining growth in the future. We are broadening our range of third-party applications and products to include cloud services, artificial intellingence and robotics process automation, and cybersecurity products, for which we offer implementation, design, and customization services. We are strengthening our human capital by acquiring the talent and expertise we need to offer the best and most secure solutions tailored to each client.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Where appropriate, we have entered into teaming arrangements or product reseller agreements with certain of these firms. These products and services are synergistic to our present business strategy and also allow us to expand into new business areas, both within the federal government and commercial sectors, without the expenditure of significant technical development dollars. Our partners benefit by our potential to leverage their new technology developments into our existing client base, as well as utilize our expertise and credibility in developing applications around their inventive products.
We are a small business team member on the Defense Logistics Agency’s (DLA) J6 Enterprise Technical Services (JETS) contract. The DLA JETS contract is a five-year, $6.015B ceiling, base Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract vehicle for a full range of IT services as well as technical and management expertise that supports applications, software, hardware, infrastructure, and systems, across the DLA Enterprise. Additionally, this contract vehicle is available for use by other Department of Defense agencies and organizations.
We offer many of our services as an individual company under a Multiple Award Schedule for information technology through the General Services Administration. We are pursuing several other IDIQ contract vehicles and Governmentwide Acquisition Contracts (GWACs) through partnerships and individually. These types of contract vehicles facilitate the award process for several U.S. federal agencies by establishing a comapny's qualifications and other factors specific to the vehicle, and many requests for proposals are issued under specific contract vehicles.
Backlog
As of December 31, 2020, we estimated our backlog at approximately $31.5 million over the next three years under existing contract relationships, of which $6.0 million was funded. This backlog consists of outstanding contracts and general commitments from current clients. We regularly provide services to certain clients on an as-needed basis without regard to a specific contract. General commitments represent those services which we anticipate providing to such clients during a twelve-month period.
Competition
There are hundreds of firms performing traditional information technology services, business intelligence and cybersecurity, and general consulting for the federal government. A great number of them are much larger than IAI, and are more established in the marketplace, and have more resources to pursue individual prospects.
The competition in the conversion and modernization market is very strong. Many software professional services companies have had some involvement in this area and profess proficiency in performing these projects. We also face competition from other companies that purport to substantially automate the process through software tools including Blue Phoenix Solutions, Fujitsu, and IBM. Software for enterprise resource planning, such as SAP and Oracle, provides an additional source of competition, although to date, the cost and lengthy installation time for enterprise resource planning software has slowed its implementation in the market place. No matter what type of solution is offered, many of our competitors have greater name recognition than our company, a larger, more established customer base, and significantly greater financial and market resources.
In the realm of enterprise-based web content management systems, there are a number of small and large companies offering such software products and related consulting services. We believe that the Adobe Experience Manager product suite will continue to excel against such competition, including offerings such as Microsoft’s SharePoint solution. AEM has performed well in the federal marketplace due to its full offering of powerful capabilities such as cloud integration and intuitive customization. Adobe Experience Manager is a solution that optimizes the authoring, management and delivery of digital media and content across owned channels, including Web, mobile, email, print and social communities. From 2019 to 2020, Gartner named Adobe as a leader in multiple categories of its Magic Quadrant reporting including, but not limited to, Digital Experience Platforms, Personalization Engines, CRM Lead Management, Ad Tech, Digital Commerce, and Multichannel Marketing Hubs.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Government Regulation
We are bound by various rules and regulations promulgated by the federal government and agencies thereunder. We have not experienced undue expense beyond those expenses normally incurred in our ordinary course of business in adhering to such rules and regulations. Since historically most of our business is derived from contracts either directly with the U.S. federal government or as a subcontractor on behalf of U.S. federal government customers, most of our contracts are subject to termination at the election of the government.
Intellectual Property
We depend upon a combination of trade secret and copyright laws, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our proprietary rights in our methodologies, databases and software. We have not filed any patent applications covering our methodologies and software. In addition, we attempt to protect the secrecy of our proprietary databases and other trade secrets and proprietary information through agreements with employees and consultants.
We also seek to protect the source code of our proprietary ICONS legacy code conversion tools suite as trade secrets. The copyright protection accorded to databases, however, is fairly limited. While the arrangement and selection of data can be protected, the actual data is not, and others are free to create software performing the same function. We believe, however, that the creation of competing databases would be very time consuming and costly.
Employees
As of December 31, 2020, we employed thirty-three full-time and four part-time individuals. In addition, we maintained subcontractor relationships with companies and individuals that add six individuals for professional information technology services. All of our billable professional employees have at least four years of related experience. For computer related services, we believe that the diverse professional opportunities and interaction among our employees contribute to maintaining a stable professional staff with limited turnover.
We have no collective bargaining agreements or other such labor contracts with our employees and believe that our employee relationships are satisfactory. In the long-term, management will likely hire additional staff to meet its anticipated growth requirements. We do not anticipate encountering material problems in our ability to hire individuals with the requisite employee skill sets, despite a competitive market for our requisite technical skill sets and government clearances, when required. We utilize fee-based recruiting firms when it is necessary to speed up the process of locating and hiring employees with specialized skill sets and clearances.
Available Information
We make available free of charge on or through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Our website address is www.infoa.com.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control. This discussion highlights some of the risks which may affect future operating results. These are the risks and uncertainties we believe are most important for you to consider. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us which we currently deem immaterial or which are similar to those faced by other companies in our industry or business in general, may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition and operating results would likely suffer.
Changes in the funding priorities of the U.S. federal government, and changes in the way the U.S. federal government contracts with businesses, may materially and adversely affect our revenue and earnings.
Since the U.S. federal government is our largest customer, both directly and with us as a subcontractor, changes in the funding priorities of the U.S. federal government may materially and adversely affect us if funding is cut or shifted away from the information technology services that we are equipped to provide. Additionally, changes in the way the government awards contracts may create a disadvantage for us to compete in certain markets.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Temporary or extended budget-related shutdowns of parts of the U.S. federal government may materially and adversely affect our revenue and earnings.
Since the U.S. federal government is our largest customer, both directly and with us as a subcontractor, budget impasses that lead to temporary or extended shutdowns of agencies of the U.S. federal government with which we contract or for which we provide services may adversely affect cash flow and earnings as we carry key personnel during periods in which they are unable to perform work which can be invoiced to the customers.
U.S. federal government contracts are generally subject to terms more favorable to the customer than commercial contracts.
U.S. federal government contracts generally contain provisions and are subject to laws and regulations that give the federal government rights and remedies not typically found in commercial contracts, including provisions permitting the federal government to:
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terminate our existing contracts;
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reduce potential future income from our existing contracts;
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modify some of the terms and conditions in our existing contracts;
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suspend or permanently prohibit us from doing business with the federal government or with any specific government agency;
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impose fines and penalties;
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subject the award of some contracts to protest or challenge by competitors, which may require the contracting federal agency or department to suspend our performance pending the outcome of the protest or challenge and which may also require the government to solicit new proposals for the contract or result in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract;
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suspend work under existing multiple year contracts and related task orders if the necessary funds are not appropriated by Congress;
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decline to exercise an option to extend an existing multiple year contract; and
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claim rights in technologies and systems invented, developed or produced by us.
The U.S. federal government may terminate a contract either “for convenience” (for instance, due to a change in its perceived needs or its desire to consolidate work under another contract) or if a default occurs by failing to perform under the contract. If the federal government terminates a contract for convenience, we generally would be entitled to recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and profit on the work completed prior to termination. If the federal government terminates a contract based upon a default, we generally would be denied any recovery for undelivered work, and instead may be liable for excess costs incurred by the federal government in procuring undelivered items from an alternative source and other damages as authorized by law.
The failure to generate a sufficient level of professional fees will cause us to sustain losses.
Although software sales constitute a significant part of our overall revenue, the gross profit we derive from such sales is very modest, generally less than three percent. Consequently, we are reliant on professional fee revenue to maintain and operate our business. Our number of professional fee engagements are limited and we have relied upon several key engagements to provide us with the level of revenue we require to breakeven or gain a modest degree of profitability. Any loss of a key contract will have a detrimental effect on the Company.
The opportunities among our existing customers for forms modernization is nearing maturity.
Over the last several years, we have modernized nearly all of the forms for which modernization was needed to meet compliance standards within agencies that have been our key electronic forms customers. While we continue to assist these customers with incremental changes on their internal and external forms, we must position ourselves to find forms business within some new agencies. While we do not anticipate a material effect on our overall results of operations, we may experience a material decline in revenue.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Failure to keep pace with a changing technological environment could negatively impact our business.
The IT industry in general, and the market for our application software offerings and services, is characterized by rapidly changing technology, frequent new technology introductions, and significant competition. In order to keep pace with this rapidly changing market environment, we must continually develop and incorporate into our services new technological advances and features desired by the marketplace at acceptable prices. If we are unsuccessful in identifying, developing and marketing our services and technology or adapting our business to rapid technological change, it will have a material negative impact on our results of operations.
Gaining entry into new markets for services offerings such as cybersecurity, cloud services, and artificial intelligence may prove to be unsuccessful.
Although we currently intend to expand into cybersecurity, cloud services, and the artificial intelligence markets, we do not have significant prior experience in these markets. There are no assurances that we will be successful in developing the required expertise or succeeding in these new markets.
Investments we are making in developing infrastructure and gaining expertise in new services offerings such as cybersecurity, cloud services, and artificial intelligence may take time to recover.
The successful development and commercialization of new services and technology involves many risks, including the identification of new opportunities, timely completion of the development process, the control and recovery of development and production costs and acceptance by customers of our products and services. If we are unsuccessful in developing and marketing our new services and technology, it is likely to have a material negative impact on our results of operations.
We are subject to intense competition from other companies engaged in software development, cloud services, and other computer-related services.
The market for our products and services is competitive, rapidly evolving, and can be affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. Some of these companies have longer operating histories, greater financial, marketing and other resources, greater name recognition in other markets and a larger base of customers than IAI. In addition, some companies have well-established relationships with our current and prospective customers. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products and services than we can. Should we not be able to maintain our competitive advantages in light of these factors, it could have a material negative impact on our results of operations.
If we are unable to accurately estimate the cost of services and the timeline for completion of contracts, the profitability of our contracts may be materially and adversely affected.
Our commercial and federal government contracts are typically awarded on a competitive basis. Our bids are based upon, among other items, the cost to provide the services. To generate an acceptable return on our investment in these contracts we must be able to accurately estimate our costs to provide the services required by the contract and be able to complete the contracts in a timely manner. If we fail to accurately estimate our costs or the time required to complete a contract the profitability of our contracts may be materially and adversely affected.
Contracts on which we utilize subcontractors or suppliers may be adversely affected if our subcontractors or suppliers fail to perform required obligations under the contract.
We frequently utilize subcontract labor on contracts where we lack specific functional expertise or where the subcontractor has brought the opportunity to us. If our subcontractors or suppliers fail to perform as specified, it may adversely affect our contracts and subject us to loss of the contracts, unintended expenses, and/or the inability to secure future contracts due to our nonperformance.
Our federal government contracts typically have terms of one or more base years and one or more option years. Federal governmental agencies generally have the right not to exercise options to extend a contract. A decision to terminate or not to exercise options to extend our existing contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
We are dependent on key personnel to maintain our profitability and grow our business.
Our future success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued services of our key personnel. A loss of certain key personnel, both managerial and technical, would most likely have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, competition for qualified technical personnel throughout the industry is significant and we may be unable to retain our current personnel or attract, integrate or retain other highly qualified personnel in the future. If we do not succeed in retaining our current personnel or in attracting and motivating new personnel, our business could be adversely affected.
Our continued success is dependent upon our ability to hire, retain and utilize qualified personnel.
The success of our business and our ability to operate profitably is dependent upon our ability to hire, retain and utilize qualified personnel, including personnel with expertise in very old computing languages, for which there is a limited supply, and personnel with expertise in cutting-edge immature technologies. We also must be able to hire and retain corporate management professionals who have the required experience and expertise at a reasonable cost. The market for these and other personnel is competitive. From time to time, it may be difficult to attract and retain qualified individuals with the expertise, and in the timeframe, demanded by our clients, or to replace such personnel when needed in a timely manner. In certain geographic areas, for example, we may not be able to satisfy the demand for our services because of our inability to successfully hire and retain a sufficient amount of qualified personnel. Furthermore, some of our personnel may be required to obtain or hold government-granted clearances to obtain government projects. Loss of the services of, or failure to recruit, qualified technical and management personnel could limit our ability to successfully complete existing projects and compete for new projects.
We may acquire other businesses, products or technologies; if we do, we may be unable to integrate them with our business effectively or at all, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
If we find appropriate opportunities and have adequate funding, we may acquire other businesses, product lines or technologies. However, if we acquire a business, product line or technology, the process of integration may produce unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and may absorb significant attention of our management that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development of our business. Further, the acquisition of a business may result in the assumption of unknown liabilities or create risks with respect to our existing relationships with suppliers and customers. If we make acquisitions, we may issue shares of stock that dilute other stockholders, expend cash, incur debt, assume contingent liabilities or create additional expenses related to amortizing intangible assets, any of which may adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.
If we are unable to raise additional capital when needed, we may not be able to execute the acquisition of other businesses.
We may require additional capital to fund operations, capital expenditures and or the acquisition of other businesses. We may finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, or corporate collaborations. Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our acquisition opportunities. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. We may seek to access the public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Our software sales are subject to increasing price competition, fluctuation in demand, and our relationships with third-party software and software maintenance suppliers.
Federal government customers are increasingly utilizing systems to accept software bids that make it easier for a larger number of sellers to participate in the bid process, which puts downward pressure on prices. At the same time, we obtain software licenses and related software maintenance contracts for resale from third-party suppliers. Increases in costs from these suppliers may affect our ability to bid winning prices to potential customers, which could have a material effect on software sales revenue. Also, any delay in our suppliers’ fulfillment of our orders could impair our ability to deliver products and maintenance to customers and, accordingly, could have a material adverse effect on business, results of operations, financial condition, and reputation.
We are dependent on information technology, and disruptions, failures or security breaches of our information technology infrastructure could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, increased information technology security threats and more sophisticated computer crime pose a risk to our systems, networks, products and services.
We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet and cloud services, many of which are managed by third parties, to securely process, transmit and store electronic information of financial, marketing, legal and regulatory nature to manage our business processes and activities. Although we have implemented enhanced controls around our information technology systems, these systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, user errors, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other catastrophic events. If any of our significant information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption or shutdown, and our disaster recovery and business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our product and services sales, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we could experience delays in reporting our financial results, or our operations may be disrupted, exposing us to performance failures with customers. In addition, cybersecurity threats, such as computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers or other cybersecurity threats pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data. There can be no assurance that our security controls and safeguard measures taken to improve our cybersecurity protection will be sufficient to mitigate all potential risks to our systems, networks and data. Potential consequences of a cybersecurity attack include disruption to systems, corruption of data, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, reputational damage, and litigation with third parties. The amount of insurance coverage we maintain may be inadequate to cover claims or liabilities related to a cybersecurity attack.
Health epidemics, pandemics, and other natural disasters and national emergencies may have material adverse effects on our business.
We face various risks related to widespread health emergencies and natural disasters, including the global outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus). If significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures or other reasons in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations will likely be impacted. Effects experienced by our customers may affect the quantity of billable work we can perform, and effects experienced by our suppliers may impact our ability to deliver on our sales contracts. Opportunities to seek new business may be delayed indefinitely.
We are working with our employees, customers, suppliers, and community to monitor and assess the developing situation, and will continue to work to mitigate the effects on all parties. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact our business, cash flows, results of operations, and financial condition is uncertain.
Fluctuations in our results of operations from period to period may cause fluctuations in our stock price.
Our financial results vary from quarter to quarter based on certain factors such as the timing of significant orders, contract funding approvals and contract completions, some of which are beyond our control. As a consequence, our quarterly and annual revenue and operating results may fluctuate from period to period, and period comparisons may therefore not be meaningful. Such fluctuations in the future could contribute to corresponding fluctuations in our stock price and in certain cases cause the trading price of our stock to decline.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
The exercise of outstanding options to purchase our common stock could substantially dilute shareholders’ investments.
Under the terms of outstanding options to acquire our common stock issued to employees and others, the holders thereof are given an opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of our common stock that, upon the exercise of such options, could result in dilution in the interests of our other shareholders.
There is a limited public market for our common stock.
Our common stock is presently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “IAIC”, and traded through broker-dealers. Because our stock trades on OTCQB rather than on a national securities exchange, a shareholder may find it difficult to either dispose of or obtain quotations as to the price of our common stock. There has historically been a low trading volume of our shares which may have an adverse impact on a shareholder’s ability to execute transactions of our shares.
The extent to which we can reach and encourage the participation of enough of our investors to secure minimum thresholds for shareholder approval for matters subject to shareholder approval is uncertain.
Given the limited amount trading our shares have experienced over the last several years, we have relied on relationships with investors owning material amounts of shares to reach minimum thresholds needed for shareholder approval of matters that were subject to a shareholder vote. The voting control over some of those shares have changed, and there is some question as to whether we can garner enough votes to decide shareholder matters by simple proxy solicitation. We may need to engage a third-party proxy solicitor if we obtain too little response to a proxy solicitation.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
Our offices are located at 11240 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, VA 22030. We hold a lease for 4,434 square feet. This lease expires on June 30, 2021. We believe that our current facility is suitable and adequate to meet our current needs, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate expansion of our operations.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
There are presently no pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or to which any of our property is subject and, to the best of our knowledge, no such actions against us are contemplated or threatened.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our Common Stock started trading on the OTCQB market on January 15, 2021,under the symbol IAIC. Prior thereto, our shares traded on the OTC Pink Market and the OTC Bulletin Board. The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, the high and low bid prices of the Common Stock:
2020 Quarter Ended:
2019 Quarter Ended:
03/31/20
06/30/20
09/30/20
12/31/20
03/31/19
06/30/19
09/30/19
12/31/19
High
$ 0.25
$ 0.24
$ 0.87
$ 1.63
$ 0.26
$ 0.23
$ 0.20
$ 0.17
Low
$ 0.09
$ 0.10
$ 0.13
$ 0.59
$ 0.20
$ 0.18
$ 0.17
$ 0.08
The quotations on which the above data are based reflect inter-dealer prices without adjustment for retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
Because our stock trades on OTCQB rather than on a national securities exchange, a shareholder may find it difficult to either dispose of or obtain quotations as to the price of our common stock. There has historically been a low trading volume of our shares which may have an adverse impact on a shareholder’s ability to execute transactions of our shares.
Holders
As of December 31, 2020, we had 105 holders of record of our Common Stock.
Dividends
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends within the foreseeable future. Our management anticipates that all earnings, if any, will be retained for development of our business. Any future dividends will be subject to the discretion of the board of directors and will depend on, among other things, future earnings, our operating and financial condition, our capital requirements and general business conditions.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
We had no sales of unregistered securities during 2020.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during 2020.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the attached financial statements and notes thereto. Reference is made to “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1 hereof, which describes important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations and non-historical information contained herein.
Overview
In 2020, the key factor to our return to profitability was the 70% increase in our revenue from professional fees, almost all of which was related to our modernization services. When our largest subcontract award emerged from protest proceedings and commenced in June 2020, a year after the contract was originally awarded, it immediately eased our cash flow burdens, took some of the concern over COVID-19 uncertainty away, and allowed us to shift our focus from short-term cash management to strategic planning and growth.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
2020 was not without its challenges. In the first half of the year, we had been carrying several employees that are key to our modernization services at least partially on overhead in anticipation of the commencement of projects delayed by protest, causing strain on cash flows. And of course, like every other business, large and small, we had to adapt to the new environment surrounding COVID-19. Fortunately, we had most of the infrastructure in place for employees to work remotely, but the ways in which we interact with customers, potential customers, peers, as a management team, as a sales team, internal and external technical support, and recruiting and human resources management were affected.
As 2020 came to a close, we had fully reversed the losses incurred early in the year, cash balances were building back up to over $1.8 million, we invested in internal technological infrastructure improvements, including more robust, higher capacity, better protected server systems with improved firewall protections, we mapped out a plan to expand our services and software offerings into cybersecurity, Cloud services, and artificial intelligence, we began the process to upgrade our stock listing from the pink sheets to OTCQB to make it easier for our shareholders to trade, and we began to rebuild our sales teams.
Cash and cash equivalents increased $819,000 in 2020, due mostly to a combination of profitable operations and borrowings of $450,000 under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”).
The nature of our business is a mixture of fees earned for specialized professional information technology services, including modernization services and electronic forms services, and sales of third-party software. Our profit margins on our professional fees materially exceed our profit margins on software sales. We continue to devote attention to software sales despite the low margins because certain software manufacturers require minimum software sales levels for us to be a certified as a partner to perform the professional services supporting or using the software. We require a certain level of professional fee revenue to generate enough profit margin to cover our general and administrative expenses.
Our management will continue to explore ways to expand our current market spaces and develop new ones that may offer more opportunity. This may take the shape of organic growth or through acquisitions of other companies. In 2020, IAI evaluated certain merger and acquisition opportunities that would expand our company offerings. Although these particular opportunities did not result in any transactions in 2020, IAI is more aggressively pursuing its search to find potential acquisition opportunities.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, selected information from our Statements of Operations, expressed as a percentage of revenue:
Years ended December 31,
Revenues
Professional fees
39.8 %
31.9 %
Software sales
60.2 %
68.1 %
Total revenues
100.0 %
100.0 %
Cost of revenues
Cost of professional fees
25.6 %
19.5 %
Cost of software sales
58.5 %
66.7 %
Total cost of revenues
84.1 %
86.2 %
Gross profit
15.9 %
13.8 %
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
10.8 %
18.5 %
Commissions expense
2.1 %
2.5 %
Income (loss) from operations
3.0 %
(7.2% )
Other income
0.0 %
0.1 %
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
3.0 %
(7.1% )
Provision for income taxes
0.0 %
0.0 %
Net income (loss)
3.0 %
(7.1% )
2020 Compared to 2019
Revenue. Total revenue for 2020 increased $3.7 million, or 36.8%, to $13.9 million from $10.2 million in 2019. Revenue from professional services fees increased $2.3 million, or 70.4%, to $5.5 million in 2020 from $3.2 million in 2019. Revenue from professional fees increased primarily from the addition of professional fee modernization services subcontracts, some of which had been awarded but delayed due to protest of the prime contract awards in 2019. Revenue from software sales increased $1.5 million, or 21.0%, to $8.4 million in 2020 from $6.9 million in 2019. The increase in our software sales revenue in 2020 versus 2019 is from the non-recurring nature of many of our software sales transactions, as well as the timing of recurring orders. In addition, sales of robotics process automation (RPA) software have increased as a percentage of total software sales. Software product and maintenance sales and commissions on registered sales are subject to considerable fluctuation from period to period, based on the product mix sold and customer demand. Revenue from software sales comprised 60.2% of total sales in 2020, compared to 68.1% of total sales in 2019.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased $809,000, or 57.8%, in 2020 versus 2019. Gross profit on professional fees revenue is substantially higher than gross profit on software sales, as gross profit on software sales is more dependent on the costs from third-party suppliers, and revenue is generally based on increasingly-competitive bidding in which identical products are offered by all bidders at very low profit margins. Overall gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased to 15.9% of revenue in 2020 from 13.8% of revenue in 2019 due to the increase in professional fees as a percentage of total revenues. Gross profit from professional fees for 2020 was $2.0 million, or 35.5% of professional fees revenue, while gross profit for 2019 from professional fees was $1.3 million, or 38.9% of professional fees revenue. Gross profit from professional fees increased primarily due to the material increase in professional fees revenue. For software sales, gross profit percentage increased to 3.0% in 2020 from 2.0% in 2019. The primary reason for the increase in gross profit percentage on software sales is an increase in incentive payments earned, Software product sales and associated margins are subject to considerable fluctuation from period to period, based on the product mix sold and incentive payments earned. Increases and decreases in our software sales, excluding incentive payments, generally do not have a material effect on our gross profit, as the gross profit percentage on software sales averages less than 3.0%.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased in 2020 by $371,000 to $1.5 million, or 10.8% of revenue, from $1.9 million, or 18.5% of revenue, in 2019. These decreases are primarily due to decreases in the cost of non-billable labor and the associated cost of fringe benefits, as we had hired and carried employees in 2019 who were not fully billable in anticipation of the commencement of services on a subcontract award under prime contract that had been protested. Additionally, the decrease is due to costs incurred in 2019 associated with a potential merger that did not proceed to settlement. These decreases offset increases in stock compensation expenses and executive bonuses.
Commission Expense. Commission expense in 2020 was $293,000, or 2.1% of revenue, versus $253,000, or 2.5%, in 2019. Commissions are driven by varying factors and are earned at varying rates for each salesperson. The increase in commission expense is primarily related to increases in incentive payments received to $132,000 in 2020 versus $27,000 in 2019.
Net income (loss). Net income for 2020 was $413,000, or 3.0% of revenues, versus net loss of $717,000, or (7.1%) of revenue, for 2019, a positive change of $1.1 million. The largest contributing factors to the change are the commencement (following prolonged delays due to protest) of professional fee modernization subcontracts and increases in incentive payments received.
We had previously reported losses in each of the last eight first calendar quarters. In 2021, we believe we have reversed that trend. We had also previously reported that we require a certain level of professional fee revenue to generate enough profit margin to cover our general and administrative expenses. With the commencement of previously delayed subcontracts, and the addition of additional contracts, we have surpassed that minimum requirement and are in a period of sustainable profitability. We are working to expand both the services and the products we offer into the areas of cybersecurity, cloud services, and artificial intelligence, and have made investments in sales and business development, as well as in our IT infrastructure.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date.
If there had been accounting standards recently adopted or pending adoption and such accounting changes were expected to affect our results of operations, financial position or liquidity, the notes to the financial statements would have included a discussion of those accounting standards.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our beginning cash and cash equivalents balance, when combined with our cash flow from operations and a forgivable term loan under the Paycheck Protection Program of $450,000, were sufficient to provide financing for our operations. We expect to apply for forgiveness as soon as our lender again begins accepting forgiveness applications following its implementation of the most recent legislative changes that impact the program. For 2020, net cash provided by operating activities was $423,000. When combined with the proceeds of our PPP loan and employee option exercises, and reduced by investments in fixed assets, we increased cash balances by $819,000 to bring our cash and cash equivalents balance to $1.9 million at December 31, 2020.
We have a revolving line of credit with a bank providing for demand or short-term borrowings of up to $1 million. The line became effective December 20, 2005, and expires on July 31, 2021. The credit agreement includes an interest rate indexed to 3.50% above the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration Ltd. London Interbank Offered Rate with a floor of 4.0%. The total amount allowed to be drawn against the line is limited by varying percentages of our eligible accounts receivable. At December 31, 2020, the limit was $1 million. The bank is granted a security interest in all of the Company’s assets if there are borrowings under the line of credit. Interest on outstanding balances is payable monthly. The effective rate at December 31, 2020 was 4.0%. Under the line of credit agreement, the Company is bound by certain covenants, including maintaining a minimum tangible net worth and producing a number of periodic financial reports for the benefit of the bank. At December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with its covenants with its lender. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, no amounts were outstanding under this line of credit. We did not borrow against this line of credit in 2020.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Based on our current cash position and operating plan, we anticipate that we will be able to meet our cash requirements for at least one year from the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We presently lease our corporate offices on a contractual basis with certain timeframe commitments and obligations. We believe that our existing offices will be sufficient to meet our foreseeable facility requirement. Should we need additional space to accommodate increased activities, management believes we can secure such additional space on reasonable terms.
We have no material commitments for capital expenditures.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements that have or are likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, or changes in financial condition, liquidity or capital resources or expenditures.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to our accompanying financial statements. We consider the accounting policies related to revenue recognition to be critical to the understanding of our results of operations. Our critical accounting policies also include the areas where we have made what we consider to be particularly difficult, subjective or complex judgments in making estimates, and where these estimates can significantly impact our financial results under different assumptions and conditions. We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could be different from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenue from the sales of information technology professional services, sales of third-party software licenses and implementation and training services, sales of third-party support and maintenance contracts based on those software products, and incentive payments received from third-party software suppliers for facilitating sales directly between that supplier and a customer introduced by us. We sell through our direct relationships with end customers and under subcontractor arrangements.
Revenue is recognized when all of the following steps have been taken and criteria met for each contract:
•
Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer - A contract with a customer exists when (i) we enter into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and the parties are committed to perform and, (iii) we determine that collection of substantially all consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for goods or services that will be transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.
•
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract - Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, we apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
•
Determination of the transaction price - The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer adjusted for estimated variable consideration, if any. We typically estimate the transaction price impact of discounts offered to the customers for early payments on receivables or rebates based on sales target achievements. Constraints are applied when estimating variable considerations based on historical experience where applicable.
•
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract - If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis. We determine standalone selling price by taking into account available information such as historical selling prices of the performance obligation, geographic location, overall strategic pricing objective, market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.
•
Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations - We satisfy performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. Revenue is recognized at or over the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.
Effects of Inflation
In the opinion of management, inflation has not had a material effect on our operations.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Notes to Financial Statements
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Information Analysis Incorporated
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Information Analysis Incorporated (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgements. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Revenue recognition - Gross Versus Net Recognition of Sales of Third-Party Software (Note 2 to the Financial Statements)
The Company is typically the principal in sales of third-party software. Sales are recognized on a gross basis with the selling price to the customer recorded as sales and the acquisition cost of the product recognized as cost of sales. The Company recognizes revenue from these sales at the point in time that control passes to the customer, which is typically after the software licenses have been implemented and the customer gains access to the software. In instances where the Company is not required to provide implementation services, the Company is the agent and recognizes sales on a net basis at the point that their customer and vendor accept the terms and conditions of the arrangement.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition - gross versus net considerations is a critical audit matter are (1) that there was judgment applied by management in assessing the indicators that the Company controls the promised service before it was transferred to the customer, including assessing whether the Company was primarily responsible for fulfilling the promised service and whether the Company had full discretion in establishing the prices for the promised service, and (2) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing audit procedures and evaluating the results of those procedures.
Our audit procedures related to management’s gross versus net revenue recognition included the following, among others:
●
Obtained documentation prepared by management to understand the Company’s process to evaluate gross versus net
●
Evaluated the reasonableness of management’s judgments on whether the Company is acting as a principal or agent, after considering whether the Company is the primary obligation provider, its exposures to inventory risks and the discretion in establishing the prices by reviewing agreements with software provider and understanding the business substance
●
Evaluated whether the Company’s conclusion is consistent with relevant accounting standards
For a selection of contracts, we performed the following procedures:
●
Inspected the customer contract to determine whether the sale represented a valid transaction
●
Evaluated whether management’s conclusion of gross versus net revenue recognition was reasonable in the circumstance
●
Agreed the amount of revenue recognized to source documents such as invoices, form of payments, and executed contract and related modifications, if any
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.
/s/ CohnReznick LLP
Tysons, Virginia
March 31, 2021
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 1,858,160
$ 1,039,442
Accounts receivable
1,442,231
668,712
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
142,770
500,163
Total current assets
3,443,161
2,208,317
Contract assets
210,688
-
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $312,320 and $300,258
62,166
9,681
Right-of-use operating lease asset
51,405
149,762
Other assets
6,281
6,281
Total assets
$ 3,773,701
$ 2,374,041
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$ 103,646
$ 216,227
Contract liabilities
946,884
464,223
Accrued payroll and related liabilities
375,168
219,350
Commissions payable
181,626
108,058
Note payable - current portion
93,009
-
Other accrued liabilities
57,399
54,257
Operating lease liability current portion
45,595
103,955
Total current liabilities
1,803,327
1,166,070
Note payable - non-current portion
356,991
-
Operating lease liability non-current portion
-
45,595
Total liabilities
2,160,318
1,211,665
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 12,904,376 and 12,854,376 shares issued, 11,261,760 and 11,211,760 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
129,043
128,543
Additional paid-in capital
14,720,065
14,682,937
Accumulated deficit
(12,305,514 )
(12,718,893 )
Treasury stock, 1,642,616 shares at cost at December 31, 2020 and 2019
(930,211 )
(930,211 )
Total stockholders' equity
1,613,383
1,162,376
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$ 3,773,701
$ 2,374,041
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
For the years ended December 31,
Revenues
Professional fees
$ 5,527,139
$ 3,243,790
Software sales
8,375,932
6,921,191
Total revenues
13,903,071
10,164,981
Cost of revenues
Cost of professional fees
3,566,229
1,981,231
Cost of software sales
8,127,509
6,783,771
Total cost of revenues
11,693,738
8,765,002
Gross profit
2,209,333
1,399,979
Selling, general and administrative expenses
1,504,077
1,875,255
Commission expense
293,408
252,511
Income (loss) from operations
411,848
(727,787 )
Other income
1,531
10,541
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
413,379
(717,246 )
Provision for income taxes
-
-
Net income (loss)
$ 413,379
$ (717,246 )
Comprehensive income (loss)
$ 413,379
$ (717,246 )
Net income (loss) per commion share - basic
$ 0.04
$ (0.06 )
Net income (loss) per commion share - diluted
$ 0.03
$ (0.06 )
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic
11,222,826
11,208,308
Diluted
12,049,322
11,208,308
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Shares of
Common
Additional
Stock
Common
Paid-In
Accumulated
Treasury
Issued
Stock
Capital
Deficit
Stock
Total
Balances, December 31, 2018
12,844,376
$ 128,443
$ 14,676,006
$ (12,001,647 )
$ (930,211 )
$ 1,872,591
Net loss
(717,246 )
(717,246 )
Stock option compensation
6,031
6,031
Issuance of stock from exercise of options
10,000
1,000
Balances, December 31, 2019
12,854,376
128,543
14,682,937
(12,718,893 )
(930,211 )
1,162,376
Net loss
413,379
413,379
Stock option compensation
27,628
27,628
Issuance of stock from exercise of options
50,000
9,500
10,000
Balances, December 31, 2020
12,904,376
$ 129,043
$ 14,720,065
$ (12,305,514 )
$ (930,211 )
$ 1,613,383
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)
$ 413,379
$ (717,246 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation and amortization
12,062
5,834
Stock-based compensation
27,628
6,031
Bad debt expense
-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable
(773,519 )
(15,963 )
Contract assets
(210,688 )
-
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
357,393
(115,383 )
Accounts payable
(112,581 )
190,933
Contract liabilties
482,661
145,671
Accrued payroll and related liabilities, and other accrued liabilities
153,362
(17,088 )
Commissions payable
73,568
(400,025 )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
423,265
(917,146 )
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment
(64,547 )
(8,368 )
Net cash used in investing activities
(64,547 )
(8,368 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from note payable
450,000
-
Issuance of stock from exercise of options
10,000
1,000
Net cash provided by financing activities
460,000
1,000
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
818,718
(924,514 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year
1,039,442
1,963,956
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year
$ 1,858,160
$ 1,039,442
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Operations
Information Analysis Incorporated (“the Company”) was incorporated under the corporate laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1979 to develop and market computer applications software systems, programming services, and related software products and automation systems. The Company provides services to customers throughout the United States, with a concentration in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results can, and in many cases will, differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
See Note 2 for a detailed description of revenue recognition under Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”).
Segment Reporting
The Company has concluded that it operates in one business segment, providing products and services to modernize client information systems.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of ninety days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Deposits are maintained with a federally insured bank. Balances at times exceed federally insured limits, but management does not consider this to be a significant concentration of credit risk.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist of trade accounts receivable and do not bear interest. The Company typically does not require collateral from its customers. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Accounts with receivable balances past due over 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. No allowance for doubtful accounts has been recorded at December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life or five years, off-the-shelf software is depreciated over the lesser of three years or the term of the license, custom software is depreciated over the least of five years, the useful life, or the term of the license, and computer equipment is depreciated over three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions are recorded in operations.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Stock-Based Compensation
At December 31, 2020, the Company had the stock-based compensation plans described in Note 11 below. Total compensation expense related to these plans was $27,628 and $6,031 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of options granted using a Black-Scholes valuation model to establish the expense. When stock-based compensation is awarded to employees, the expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period. When stock-based compensation is awarded to non-employees, the expense is recognized over the period of performance.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws for the taxable years in which those differences are expected to reverse. In addition, a valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is believed more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be fully realized. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those positions to be recognized in the financial statements. The Company continually reviews tax laws, regulations and related guidance in order to properly record any uncertain tax liabilities.
Income (Loss) Per Share
The Company’s income (loss) per share calculations are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other equity instruments are included for purposes of calculating diluted income per share, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss, in which case the inclusion of such equity instruments would be antidilutive. See Note 12 for more details.
Concentration of Credit Risk
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 58.3% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 40.6% of revenue, and 1.1% of revenue came from commercial contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, one individual contract represented 13.9% of revenue. Three subcontracts under federal procurements represented 17.9%, 10.3% and 8.7% of revenue, respectively. One prime contractor under which the Company has multiple subcontracts represented 28.7% of revenue in aggregate.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 76.8% of revenue, subcontracts under federal procurements represented 23.0% of revenue, and 0.2% of revenue came from commercial contracts. The terms of these contracts and subcontracts vary from single transactions to five years. Within this group of prime contracts with U.S. government agencies, one individual contract represented 19.0% of revenue. One subcontract under a federal procurement represented 17.2% of revenue.
The Company sold third-party software and maintenance contracts under agreements with one major supplier in 2020 and 2019, accounting for 58.4% and 67.1% of total revenue, respectively.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At December 31, 2020, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with one U.S. government agency that represented 16.4% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, and receivables from two subcontracts under federal procurements that represented 56.8% and 14.4% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively. Receivables from one prime contractor under which the Company has multiple subcontracts represented 71.2% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable in aggregate.
At December 31, 2019, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from prime contracts with two U.S. government agencies that represented 13.0% and 10.7% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively, and receivables from one subcontract under a federal procurement that represented 43.2% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable.
Related Party Transactions
The Company’s Director of Human Resources is the spouse of Stan Reese, who served as the Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company through December 31, 2020, and now serves as Chief Executive Officer and President. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Director of Human Resources received wages and paid leave distributions totaling $140,400 and $131,552, respectively, as an employee of the Company.
COVID-19
The COVID-19 (coronavirus) outbreak has had a notable impact on general economic conditions, including, but not limited to, the temporary closures of many businesses, “shelter in place” and other governmental regulations, and “work from home” directives. There are many unknowns, and many regional inconsistencies. Notable potential effects on the Company include U.S. government procurements may be delayed or cancelled, work on new or existing contracts that require personal interactions may be suspended, payment processing for customer invoices may be delayed, employees and customers or their families may become infected, and personal business development meetings may not be able to take place. The Company continues to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak closely.
To date, the COVID-19 impact on the Company’s existing business has been minimal. The Company had previously implemented the necessary infrastructure for its employees to work remotely, so it did not experience material issues supporting its customers. The Company rapidly adapted to the challenges presented to its administration, including challenges to management, accounting, and information technology infrastructure. The extent to which business development efforts have been hampered by the inability to meet with potential customers in person is indeterminable. The full extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows over time is uncertain.
2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Revenue is recognized when all of the following steps have been taken and criteria met for each contract:
•
Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer - A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and the parties are committed to perform and, (iii) it determines that collection of substantially all consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for goods or services that will be transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
•
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract - Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company applies judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.
•
Determination of the transaction price - The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer adjusted for estimated variable consideration, if any. The Company typically estimates the transaction price impact of discounts offered to the customers for early payments on receivables or rebates based on sales target achievements. Constraints are applied when estimating variable considerations based on historical experience where applicable.
•
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract - If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company determines standalone selling price by taking into account available information such as historical selling prices of the performance obligation, geographic location, overall strategic pricing objective, market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.
•
Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies performance obligations - The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at or over the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.
Nature of Products and Services
The Company generates revenue from the sales of information technology professional services, sales of third-party software licenses and implementation and training services, sales of third-party support and maintenance contracts based on those software products, and incentive payments received from third-party software suppliers for facilitating sales directly between that supplier and a customer introduced by the Company. The Company sells through its direct relationships with end customers and under subcontractor arrangements.
Professional services are offered through several arrangements - through time and materials arrangements, fixed-price-per-unit arrangements, fixed-price arrangements, or combinations of these arrangements within individual contracts. Revenue under time and materials arrangements is recognized over time in the period the hours are worked or the expenses are incurred, as control of the benefits of the work is deemed to have passed to the customer as the work is performed. Revenue under fixed-price-per-unit arrangements is recognized at a point in time when delivery of units have occurred and units are accepted by the customer or are reasonably expected to be accepted. Generally, revenue under fixed-price arrangements and mixed arrangements is recognized either over time or at a point in time based on the allocation of transaction pricing to each identified performance obligation as control of each is transferred to the customer. For fixed-price arrangements for which the Company is paid a fixed fee to make itself available to support a customer, with no predetermined deliverables to which transaction prices can be estimated or allocated, revenue is recognized ratably over time.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Third-party software licenses are classified as enterprise server-based software licenses or desktop software licenses, and desktop licenses are further classified by the type of customer and whether the licenses are bulk licenses or individual licenses. The Company’s obligations as the seller for each class differ based on its reseller agreements and whether its customers are government or non-government customers. Revenue from enterprise server-based sales to either government or non-government customers is usually recognized in full at a point in time based on when the customer gains use of the full benefit of the licenses, after the licenses are implemented. If the transaction prices of the performance obligations related to implementation and customer support for the individual contract is material, these obligations are recognized separately over time, as performed. Revenue for desktop software licenses for government customers is usually recognized on a gross basis at a point in time, based on when the customer’s administrative contact gains training in and beneficial use of the administrative portal. If the transaction prices of the performance obligations related to implementing the government administrator’s use of the administrative portal and administrator support for the individual contract are material (rare), these obligations are recognized separately over time, as performed. Revenue for bulk desktop software licenses for non-government customers is usually recognized on a gross basis at a point in time, based on when the customer’s administrative contact gains training in and beneficial use of the administrative portal. For desktop software licenses sold on an individual license basis to non-government customers, where the Company has no obligation to the customer after the third-party makes delivery of the licenses, the Company has determined it is acting as an agent, and the Company recognizes revenue upon delivery of the licenses only for the net of the selling price and its contract costs.
Third-party support and maintenance contracts for enterprise server-based software include a performance obligation under the Company’s reseller agreements for it to be the first line of support (direct support) and second line of support (intermediary between customer and manufacturer) to the customer. Because of the support performance obligations, and because the amount of support is not estimable, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over time as it makes itself available to provide the support.
Incentive payments are received under reseller agreements with software manufacturers and suppliers where the Company introduces and courts a customer, but the sale occurs directly between the customer and the supplier or between the customer and the manufacturer. Since the transfer of control of the licenses cannot be measured from outside of these transactions, revenue is recognized when payment from the manufacturer or supplier is received.
Disaggregation of Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Contract
Year ended 12/31/2020
Year ended 12/31/2019
Type
Amount
Percentage
Amount
Percentage
Services Time & Materials
$ 4,627,252
33.3 %
$ 2,446,439
24.1 %
Services Fixed Price
194,505
1.4 %
434,058
4.3 %
Services Combination
476,629
3.4 %
231,122
2.3 %
Services Fixed Price per Unit
228,754
1.6 %
132,171
1.3 %
Third-Party Software
7,697,940
55.4 %
6,233,703
61.3 %
Software Support & Maintenance
545,991
3.9 %
660,926
6.5 %
Incentive Payments
132,000
1.0 %
26,562
0.2 %
Total Revenue
$ 13,903,071
$ 10,164,981
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Contract Balances
Accounts Receivable
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the billable amount where the Company has the unconditional right to bill, net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of accounts. Management regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts by considering the age of each outstanding invoice, each customer's expected ability to pay and collection history, when applicable, to determine whether a specific allowance is appropriate. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when identified. There were no such allowances recognized at December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. The accounts receivable balance does not include the amount invoiced but withheld from payment as a financing component under one contract with a customer. The present value of the withheld amount is classified as a contract asset.
Contract Assets
Contract assets consist of assets resulting when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed or billable to the customer due to allocation of transaction price, and of amounts withheld from payment of invoices as a financing component of a contract. Changes in contract assets balances in 2020 and 2019 are as follows:.
Contract Assets
Balance at December 31, 2019
$ -
Contract assets added
210,688
Balance at December 31, 2020
$ 210,688
There was no balance of contract assets at December 31, 2018.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities consist of amounts that have been invoiced and for which the Company has the right to bill, but that have not been recognized as revenue because the related goods or services have not been transferred. Changes in contract liabilities balances in 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Contract Liabilities
Balance at December 31, 2018
$ 318,552
Contract liabilities added
861,637
Revenue recognized
(715,966 )
Balance at December 31, 2019
$ 464,223
Contract liabilities added
1,465,299
Revenue recognized
(982,638 )
Balance at December 31, 2020
$ 946,884
Revenue recognized during 2020 from the balance at December 31, 2019 was $464,223, and revenue recognized during 2019 from the balance at December 31, 2018, was $318,552.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract
When applicable, the Company recognizes an asset related to the costs incurred to obtain a contract only if it expects to recover those costs and it would not have incurred those costs if the contract had not been obtained. The Company recognizes an asset from the costs incurred to fulfill a contract if the costs (i) are specifically identifiable to a contract, (ii) enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in future and (iii) are expected to be recovered. There were no such assets at December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. When incurred, these costs are amortized ratably over the periods of the contracts to which those costs apply.
Financing Components
In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined that one of its subcontracts to a prime contractor includes a significant financing component. The subcontract is invoiced on a time and materials basis, under which 90% of each invoice amount is paid under regular terms, and the 10% payment balance of each invoice is deferred until the prime contractor meets a specific deliverable under its prime contract, which is expected to occur approximately June 2022. The primary purpose of this arrangement is to assist the prime contractor in meeting all of its financial obligations until it can realize the financial benefit of meeting the deliverable. The Company has estimated its interest rate of 4.5% based on a small premium over the rate of its revolving line of credit as of the measurement date. The financing component cumulative balance is reflected in contract assets above.
Deferred Costs of Revenue
Deferred costs of revenue consist of the costs of third-party support and maintenance contracts for enterprise server-based software, as well direct costs associated with contract deliverables for which control of the work product has not passed to the customer and contract revenue has not been recognized. These costs are reported under the prepaid expenses and other current assets caption on the Company’s balance sheets. The Company recognizes these direct costs ratably over time as it makes itself available to provide its performance obligation for software support, commensurate with its recognition of revenue. Changes in deferred costs of revenue balances in 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Deferred Costs of Revenue
Balance at December 31, 2018
$ 294,115
Deferred costs added - maintenance
799,742
Deferred costs expensed
(640,250 )
Balance at December 31, 2019
$ 453,607
Deferred costs added - maintenance
66,624
Deferred costs added - deliverables
41,161
Deferred costs expensed
(472,324 )
Balance at December 31, 2020
$ 89,068
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. Leases
The Company has an operating lease which is a real estate lease for its headquarters in Fairfax, Virginia. This lease has a fixed lease term of 49 months. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities in the Company’s balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company does not have any sales-type or direct financing leases.
The Company’s operating lease asset represents its right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since the lease does not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreement includes rental payments escalating annually for inflation at a fixed rate. These payments are included in the initial measurement of the operating lease liability and operating lease asset. The Company does not have any rental payments which are based on a change in an index or a rate that can be considered variable lease payments, which would be expensed as incurred.
The Company’s lease agreement does not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictions or covenants.
The Company does not sublease any real estate to third parties.
The following table provides supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating lease:
Balance Sheet
As of
As of
Classification
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Assets:
Right-to-use operating lease asset
$ 51,405
$ 149,762
Liabilities:
Operating lease liability - current
$ 45,595
$ 103,955
Operating lease liability - non-current
-
45,595
Total lease liabilities
$ 45,595
$ 149,550
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities recorded in the Company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2020.
December 31, 2020
Payments in 2021
$ 46,433
Total lease payments
46,433
Less: discount
(838 )
Present value of lease liabilities
$ 45,595
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s sole operating lease had a lease term of six months remaining. The discount rate of the lease is equal to IAI’s incremental borrowing rate at the measurement date of the lease agreement. The weighted average discount rate of the Company’s operating lease is approximately 5.5%. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred $104,487 of expense related to its operating leases.
4. Receivables
Accounts receivable at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consist of the following:
Billed federal government
$ 1,425,217
$ 668,712
Unbilled receivables
17,014
-
Accounts receivable
$ 1,442,231
$ 668,712
Billed receivables from the federal government include amounts due from both prime contracts and subcontracts where the federal government is the end customer. Unbilled receivables include short-term contract assets where billing cycles differ from calendar months or a monthly fixed billing amount does not reflect the revenue earned in a given month. The accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2018, was $652,839.
5. Fair Value Measurements
The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:
•
Level 1-Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•
Level 2-Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
•
Level 3-Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets (cash equivalents) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
December 31, 2020
Money market funds
$ 1,343,370
$ -
$ -
Total
$ 1,343,370
$ -
$ -
December 31, 2019
Money market funds
$ 940,773
$ -
$ -
Total
$ 940,773
$ -
$ -
Money market funds are highly liquid investments. The pricing information on these investment instruments are readily available and can be independently validated as of the measurement date. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
The carrying amount of financial instruments such as accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate the related fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
6. Property and Equipment
A summary of property and equipment at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consist of the following:
Furniture and equipment
$ 75,747
$ 75,747
Computer equipment and software
291,925
227,378
Leasehold improvements
6,814
6,814
Subtotal
374,486
309,939
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
(312,320 )
(300,258 )
Total
$ 62,166
$ 9,681
Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, was $12,062 and $5,834, respectively.
7. Revolving Line of Credit
On December 20, 2005, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement with TD Bank providing for demand or short-term borrowings up to $1 million. The credit agreement includes an interest rate indexed to 3.50% above the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration Ltd. London Interbank Offered Rate with a floor of 4.0%. The line of credit expires on July 31, 2021. The total amount allowed to be drawn against the line is limited by varying percentages of the Company’s eligible accounts receivable. At December 31, 2020, the limit was $1 million. The bank is granted a security interest in all of the Company’s assets if there are borrowings under the line of credit. Interest on outstanding balances is payable monthly. The effective rate at December 31, 2020 was 4.0%. Under the line of credit agreement, the Company is bound by certain covenants, including maintaining a minimum tangible net worth and producing a number of periodic financial reports for the benefit of the bank. At December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with its covenants with its lender.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
There was no outstanding balance on the line of credit at December 31, 2020 or 2019.
8. Note Payable
Due to the coronavirus uncertainty, and pending staffing and payroll cuts due to liquidity constraints, the Company applied for a Paycheck Protection Program loan, guaranteed by the SBA. The Company was funded by its lender on April 20, 2020, in the amount of $450,000. The loan accrues interest at a fixed rate of 1% and has a term of two years. The first payment is deferred until the date the SBA remits the Company’s loan forgiveness amount to the lender, or, if the Company does not apply for forgiveness, for ten months after the end of the Company’s twenty-four week loan forgiveness covered period, though interest accrues during the deferral period. The loan has been used exclusively to support maintaining employee payroll and benefits. The amount of forgiveness for which IAI may be approved is uncertain. The Company plans to apply for forgiveness of the full amount of the loan. The lender has temporarily suspended accepting forgiveness applications for loans greater than $150,000 pending further guidance from the SBA. The following table represents note payable balances at December 31, 2020:
PPP loan
$ 450,000
Total
450,000
Less current portion
(93,009 )
Non-current portion
$ 356,991
9. Income Taxes
The tax effects of significant temporary differences representing deferred tax assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
Deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Net operating loss carryforwards
$ 691,000
$ 916,200
Accrued commissions
39,600
9,000
Accrued vacation
37,600
21,200
Property and equipment
(24,500 )
(23,500 )
Other
2,400
3,700
Subtotal
746,100
926,600
Valuation allowance
(746,100 )
(926,600 )
Total
$ -
$ -
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The provision for income taxes is at an effective rate different from the federal statutory rate due principally to the following:
December 31,
Income (loss) before taxes
$ 413,379
$ (717,246 )
Income tax expense (benefit) on above amount at federal statutory rate
$ 86,800
$ (150,600 )
State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit
20,700
(35,900 )
Permanent differences
7,400
2,900
Other
(1,000 )
(1,300 )
NOL Expirations
66,600
1,302,000
Change in valuation allowance
(180,500 )
(1,117,100 )
Provision for income taxes
$ -
$ -
Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 consists of the following:
December 31,
Current income taxes
Federal
$ 128,200
$ -
State
30,500
-
Benefit from utilization of net operating losses
(158,700 )
-
Subtotal
-
-
Deferred taxes
-
-
Provision for income taxes
$ -
$ -
The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to the full extent of its currently available net deferred tax assets which the Company determined to be not more-likely-than-not realizable. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $2.7 million, of which $1.3 million will expire, if unused, between the years 2021 and 2036.
The Company may have been deemed to have experienced changes in ownership which may impose limitations on its ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. However, as the deferred tax asset is fully offset by a valuation allowance, the Company has not yet conducted a Section 382 study to determine the extent of any such limitations.
The Company has analyzed its income tax positions using the criteria required by U.S. GAAP and concluded that as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, it has no material uncertain tax positions and no interest or penalties have been accrued. The Company has elected to recognize any estimated penalties and interest on its income tax liabilities as a component of its provision for income taxes.
The income tax returns of the Company are subject to examination by income taxing authorities in all jurisdictions for which the Company files tax returns, generally for three years after each was filed, but extending to years from which net operating loss carryforwards are utilized to reduce current year taxes. The Company is not currently under audit in any jurisdiction.
10. Retirement Plans
The Company has a Cash or Deferred Arrangement Agreement, which satisfies the requirements of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This defined contribution retirement plan covers substantially all employees. Participants can elect to have up to the maximum percentage allowable of their salaries reduced and contributed to the plan. The Company may make matching contributions equal to a discretionary percentage of the participants’ elective deferrals. In 2020 and 2019, the Company matched 25% of the first 6% of the participants’ elective deferrals. The balance of funds forfeited by former employees from unvested employer matching contribution accounts may be used to offset current and future employer matching contributions. The Company may also make additional contributions to all eligible employees at its discretion. The Company did not make additional contributions during 2020 or 2019. Expenses for matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $40,741 and $32,162, respectively.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. Stock Options and Warrants
The Company has two stock-based compensation plans. The 2006 Stock Incentive Plan was adopted in 2006 (“2006 Plan”) and had options granted under it through April 12, 2016. On June 1, 2016, the shareholders ratified the IAI 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”), which was approved by the Board of Directors on April 4, 2016.
The Company recognizes compensation costs for those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. Generally such options vest over periods of six months to two years. The fair values of option awards granted in 2020 and 2019 were estimated using the Black-Sholes option pricing model under the following assumptions:
Risk-free interest rate
0.26% - 0.39%
2.31 %
Dividend yield
0%
%
Expected term (in years)
Expected volatility
65.8% - 90.3%
57.9 %
2016 Stock Incentive Plan
The 2016 Plan became effective June 1, 2016, and expires April 4, 2026. The 2016 Plan provided for the granting of equity awards to key employees, including officers and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan is 1,000,000. Options under the 2016 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or when employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors. The minimum exercise price of each option is the quoted market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 606,000 and 371,000 options, respectively, issued under the 2016 Plan, of which 371,000 and 347,500 were exercisable, respectively.
2006 Stock Incentive Plan
The 2006 Plan became effective May 18, 2006, and expired April 12, 2016. The 2006 Plan provides for the granting of equity awards to key employees, including officers and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards could be granted under the 2006 Plan was 1,950,000. Options under the 2006 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or when employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vested over periods determined by the Board of Directors. There were 789,000 and 978,000 unexpired exercisable options remaining from the 2006 Plan at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The status of the options issued under the foregoing option plans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:
Options outstanding
Weighted average
Weighted average
Aggregate
exercise price
remaining
intrinsic
Incentive options
Shares
per share
contractual term
value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
1,376,500
$ 0.23
Options granted
3,000
0.21
Options exercised
(10,000 )
0.10
Options expired
(15,500 )
0.10
Options forfeited
(5,000 )
0.46
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
1,349,000
$ 0.23
3 years, 11 months
$ -
Options granted
235,000
0.64
Options exercised
(50,000 )
0.20
Options expired
(99,000 )
0.18
Options forfeited
(40,000 )
0.16
Outstanding at December 31, 2020
1,395,000
$ 0.31
4 years, 5 months
$ 1,591,223
Exercisable at December 31, 2019
1,325,500
$ 0.23
3 years, 10 months
$ -
Exercisable at December 31, 2020
1,160,000
$ 0.24
3 years, 4 months
$ 1,400,423
Nonvested stock option awards as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and changes during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:
Nonvested
Weighted average
grant date
Shares
fair value
Nonvested at December 31, 2018
148,500
$ 0.20
Granted
3,000
0.11
Vested
(123,000 )
0.20
Forfeited
(5,000 )
0.21
Nonvested at December 31, 2019
23,500
$ 0.17
Granted
235,000
0.36
Vested
(23,500 )
0.17
Forfeited
-
-
Nonvested at December 31, 2020
235,000
$ 0.36
As of December 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation cost associated with non-vested share-based employee and non-employee compensation totaled $58,553, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 5 months.
12. Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic income (loss) per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss, because the inclusion of such items would be antidilutive. No shares were excluded from diluted shares for the year ended December 31, 2020. The antidilutive effect of 67,312 from stock options were excluded from diluted shares for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following is a reconciliation of the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share.
Per share
Net income (loss)
Shares
amount
Basic net income per common share for the year ended December 31, 2020:
Income available to common shareholders
$ 413,379
11,222,826
$ 0.04
Effect of dilutive stock options
-
826,496
(0.01 )
Diluted net income per common share for the year ended December 31, 2020:
$ 413,379
12,049,322
$ 0.03
Basic net loss per common share for the year ended December 31, 2019:
Loss available to common shareholders
$ (717,246 )
11,208,308
$ (0.06 )
Effect of dilutive stock options
-
-
-
Diluted net loss per common share for the year ended December 31, 2019:
$ (717,246 )
11,208,308
$ (0.06 )
13. Financial Statement Captions
The following table summarizes the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Deferred costs of software sales
$ 47,907
$ 453,607
Deferred direct cost of pending deliverables
41,161
-
Licenses and subscriptions
22,840
22,645
Prepaid insurance
26,072
20,791
Other
4,790
3,120
Total
$ 142,770
$ 500,163
The following table summarizes the Company’s other current liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
Accrued costs of software sales
$ 46,078
$ -
Accrued accounting and auditing expense
-
47,000
Other
8,196
7,257
Interest payable
3,125
-
Total
$ 57,399
$ 54,257
14. Subsequent Events
In order to raise additional funds for working capital and anticipated expansion efforts, on March 29, 2021, the Company raised $495,999 through a private placement of shares of ots common stock. 330,666 shares were issued in this placement.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
During the last two years, for which financial statements are presented herein, there have been no changes in or disagreements with our independent registered accountants on accounting and financial disclosures.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer, and people performing similar functions, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period reported in this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information required to be disclosed was accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Adaptations to preserve the separation of duties following the promotion of existing personnel within the organization to the roles of the principal executive and principal financial officers have been made wherever feasible.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the Evaluation Date, based on the criteria for effective internal control described in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on its assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the Evaluation Date.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm.
This report shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, and is not incorporated by reference into any filing of Information Analysis Incorporated, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Directors
The following table sets forth the name, age (as of March 30, 2021) and position of each of our directors.
Name of director
Age
Director since
Position with the
Company
Jack L. Johnson, Jr.
Director
Mark T. Krial
Chairman of the Board
Charles A. May, Jr.
Director
William H. Pickle
Director
Stanley A. Reese
Director, CEO & President
Bonnie K. Wachtel
Director
Jack L. Johnson, Jr., 64, is the CEO and Managing Partner for Jack Johnson and Associates, a strategic consulting firm located in McLean, VA. The firm specializes in providing business and risk consulting to clients domestically and internationally, particularly in the areas of business risk, pre and post-sale merger and acquisition support, business integration as well as in-depth security assessments.
Previously he was a Partner and Sector Leader with Guidehouse Consulting, and its legacy firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). In this capacity, he led the firm’s Defense Sector Practice, and his portfolio of responsibility includes all service components within the U.S. Department of Defense; Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps; the Office of the Secretary of Defense; all Other Defense Organizations and Other Defense Agencies; as well as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, along with Commercial Aerospace and Defense. Prior to assuming this role in 2014, he served as the sector leader for the Homeland Security and Law Enforcement sector, overseeing the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice and the Intelligence Community.
Before joining PwC in 2005, Mr. Johnson served as the first Chief Security Officer (CSO) for the newly formed Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In this capacity, he was directly involved in the establishment of DHS after 9/11 and integrating the 22 agencies that now comprise the Department. He directed all security-related activities for DHS organizations and its over 200,000 employees, including physical, personnel, and information security, as well as counterintelligence and internal investigations. He was designated as the Cognizant Security Authority (CSA) for the Department, having responsibility and authority over all classified programs and information, was the senior representative to the Intelligence Community, and served as the first DHS representative to the National Security Council.
His previous government service before his appointment at DHS consisted of over 20 years with the United States Secret Service, rising to the position of Deputy Assistant Director, and serving in a wide range of managerial and executive assignments of increasing responsibility and complexity. His career included the full range of investigative, protective, and intelligence-related duties, both domestically and internationally, as well as assignments with various Presidents, Vice Presidents, Presidential candidates, and foreign heads of state.
Prior to being commissioned as a Secret Service Agent in 1983, he was a Police Officer and Detective for Fairfax County, Virginia Police Department, and also is a veteran of the United States Army.
Mr. Johnson received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Maryland, a Masters in Forensic Science degree from George Washington University and has completed additional post-graduate study at the University of Virginia and Johns Hopkins School of Management. He has previously testified on multiple occasions before Congress on homeland security and national security-related issues and is a frequent speaker at many national and international conferences, seminars, and symposiums. Additionally, he has also been featured on the CBS Morning Show, 60 Minutes, Forensic Files and The Today Show.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Mark T. Krial, 63, has been serving as president of Marathon TS, Inc., an information technology and professional services company which serves the federal government and commercial markets, since 2009. Prior to that, he served as president of Cornell Technical Services, an information technology firm, for 15 years. He holds a B.S. degree from Oklahoma A&M State University. Mr. Krial has been a board member of IAI since 2016.
Mr. Krial offers over 30 years of achievement within information technology and computer-based disciplines. His management approach emphasizes innovative techniques to achieve high performance, cost effective and profit enhancing solutions. High level experience includes sales, marketing, business development and strategic planning capabilities.
Charles A. May, Jr., 83, has been serving as a national security and strategic business planning consultant for several years. In 1992, he retired as a Lt. General from the Air Force where he last served as Assistant Vice Chief of Staff, Headquarters US Air Force, Washington, D.C. He is a graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy, where he once served as an Associate Professor of Political Science. General May has also graduated from the NATO Defense College, has a Master’s degree in International Relations from Columbia University, and has completed the course work toward a Ph.D., and has completed the University of Pittsburgh’s Management Program for Executives.
General May brings a world of experience relating to strategic planning, the government as a customer, assessment of trends in national security, accountability, and stability to our Board.
William H. Pickle, 71, is a government affairs/business development consultant with over 30 years of experience at senior levels within the federal government.
Since 2007, Mr. Pickle has served as President of The Pickle Group, LLC, a Washington DC-based business development company.
Mr. Pickle served as the 37th Sergeant at Arms (SAA) of the United States Senate. Mr. Pickle was nominated for this senior position by Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist and elected by the Senate in March 2003. He was re-elected in January 2005. In this position, Mr. Pickle served as the Senate's Chief Operating Officer, Chief of Protocol, Chief of Security; and managed over 950 Senate employees and an annual budget exceeding $200 million. As SAA, Mr. Pickle worked closely with Senators, Committees and senior Senate staff on a daily basis. In addition, as the SAA, he served as Chairman of the U.S. Capitol Police Board with direct oversight for a 2200 person police department with a budget of $300 million.
Prior to his Senate service, Mr. Pickle served in several Senior Executive Service (SES) positions within the Executive Branch, which included being the first SES Director of the Transportation Security Administration and a Deputy Inspector General of the Department of Labor.
The bulk of Mr. Pickle's career was spent with the United States Secret Service where he rose steadily through the ranks from Special Agent to Senior Executive. Mr. Pickle served as Executive Assistant Director responsible for the Congressional and Legislative Affairs program of the Secret Service from 1991 to 1998.
Mr. Pickle is a decorated Vietnam Veteran who served with the 1st Cavalry Division in 1968-69. Among his awards are the Bronze Star, Purple Heart, 7 Air Medals (2 for valor), 3 Army Commendation Medals, Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, and the Combat Infantry Badge.
Mr. Pickle served on the President's Medal of Valor Award Committee and currently serves on numerous not-for-profit and corporate boards. He was a member of the 2004 Presidential Election Advisory Committee.
Stanley A. Reese, 64, joined the Company in 1993. Mr. Reese has been director since March 11, 2021, and Chief Executive Officer and President since February 17, 2021, after serving in interim capacities for those officer positions from January 1, 2021. He previously served as Senior Vice President beginning in 1997 and Chief Operating Officer beginning in 1999. From 1992 to 1993, he served as Vice President, Technical Services at Tomco Systems, Inc. Prior to Tomco Systems, he served as Senior Program manager at ICF Information Technology, Inc. Mr. Reese has over 35 years of experience managing and marketing large scale mainframe and PC-based applications. Mr. Reese holds a B.A. in History from George Mason University.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Bonnie K. Wachtel, 65, is a principal of Wachtel & Co., Inc., a boutique investment firm based in Washington, D.C. Ms. Wachtel has been a director of several local companies since joining her firm in 1984, and currently serves on the Board of VSE Corporation, a provider of engineering services to federal government clients, and ExOne Co., a global provider of 3D printing machines, products, and services to industrial clients. Industry experience includes ten years (2006-2016) on the Hearing Panel for Nasdaq Listing Qualifications. Ms Wachtel holds B.A. and M.B.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and a J.D. from the University of Virginia. She is a Certified Financial Analyst.
Ms. Wachtel is a trusted resource with regard to business strategy, public markets, merger and acquisition opportunities, corporate governance, regulatory compliance, and risk management. Given her background and occupation, she is qualified to be the audit committee’s financial expert.
Executive Officers
The following table sets forth the name, age (as of March 29, 2019) and position of each of our executive officers.
Name of executive officer
Age
Position with the Company
Stanley A. Reese
Chief Executive Officer and President
Matthew T. Sands
Chief Financial Officer
Stanley A. Reese, 64, joined the Company in 1993. See description under directors above.
Matthew T. Sands, 50, joined the Company in 2002 as Controller. Mr. Sands has been Chief Financial Officer since February 4, 2021, after serving in that position in an interim capacity beginning in April 2020. Prior to joining the Company, he was director of finance at an international internet telephony development company. Mr. Sands also has experience in the banking industry and in investment company accounting. Mr. Sands is a graduate of University of Delaware with a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting and a second major in Finance.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than 10% stockholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.
To the Company’s knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to the Company, there were no officers, directors and 10% beneficial owners who failed to file on a timely basis the forms required under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act during our 2020 fiscal year.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Office and all senior financial officers, including our Chief Financial Officer and Controller. The code of ethics is available on our website at www.infoa.com on the Investors page under the Investor Relations heading. Any amendments to the code, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Procedures for Stockholder Nominations to the Board of Directors
There were no material changes to the procedures for nominating directors by our stockholders made in the year ended December 31, 2020.
Audit Committee
We have a separately-designated standing audit committee. This committee currently has two members, Bonnie K. Wachtel (Chairman) and Charles A. May, Jr. Our Audit Committee has the authority to retain and terminate the services of our independent registered public accountants, reviews annual financial statements, considers matters relating to accounting policy and internal controls, and reviews the scope of annual audits. All members of the Audit Committee satisfy the current independence standards promulgated by the SEC and by the NASDAQ Stock Market; as such standards apply specifically to members of audit committees. The Board has determined that Ms. Wachtel is our “audit committee financial expert,” as the SEC has defined that term in Item 407 of Regulation S-K. The current audit committee charter is available for viewing on our Web site at www.infoa.com on the Investors page under the Investor Relations heading.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The Summary Compensation Table below sets forth individual compensation information for the Chief Executive Officer and the other executive officers serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2020 (collectively “Named Executive Officers”):
Summary Compensation Table
Name and principal
position
(a)
Year
(b)
Salary
($)
(c)
Bonus
($)
(d)
Option
awards1
($)
(f)
All other
Compensation2
($)
(i)
Total
($)
(j)
Sandor Rosenberg
142,000
--
--
32,654
174,654
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer through 12/31/2020
142,000
--
--
15,335
157,335
Stanley A. Reese
161,875
10,000
37,000
21,977
230,852
Chief Operating Officer
154,000
--
--
9,662
163,662
Richard S. DeRose
20,417
--
--
21,267
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer through 04/19/2020
70,000
--
--
8,921
78,921
Matthew T. Sands
Acting Chief Financial Officer from 04/20/2020
141,500
5,000
37,000
7,351
190,851
1 Assumptions used to determine the fair value of option awards can be found in Note 11 to our financial statements.
2References to All Other Compensation include employer matching contributions to each individual’s 401(k) defined contribution account under our company-wide 401(k) Pension and Profit Sharing Plan, routine payouts of excess vacation accruals, and employer payments for long-term care insurance under an executive carve-out.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
The following table sets forth the outstanding equity awards for the named executive officers of the Company as of December 31, 2020:
OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END
OPTION AWARDS
Name
(a)
Number of
securities
underlying
unexercised
options (#)
exercisable
(b)
Number of
securities
underlying
unexercised
options (#)
unexercisable
(c)
Option
exercise
price
($)
(e)
Option
expiration
date
(f)
Stanley A. Reese
50,000
0.15
03/20/2022
Stanley A. Reese
100,000
0.35
07/17/2022
Stanley A. Reese
100,000
0.16
02/12/2023
Stanley A. Reese
50,000
0.145
10/07/2023
Stanley A. Reese
25,000
0.25
04/11/2026
Stanley A. Reese
100,000
0.47
02/22/2028
Stanley A. Reese
100,000
0.66
09/02/2030
Matthew T. Sands
8,000
0.16
05/26/2021
Matthew T. Sands
20,000
0.15
06/12/2022
Matthew T. Sands
32,000
0.156
08/08/2023
Matthew T. Sands
20,000
0.17
09/23/2024
Matthew T. Sands
20,000
0.37
06/19/2028
Matthew T. Sands
100,000
0.66
09/02/2030
Each Named Executive Officer is a salaried employee, without any guaranteed incentives. Bonuses and stock option awards are at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Executive officers are eligible to participate in the Information Analysis Incorporated 401(k) Pension and Profit Sharing Plan under the same terms and matching percentages as other salaried employees. Vacation accruals in excess of defined limits are automatically paid out to all salaried employees annually, and may be paid other times upon request. Executive officers receive a perquisite benefit of no-cash-value long-term care insurance paid by the Company.
The Company has no outstanding stock awards to any executive officer.
Employment Contracts, Termination of Employment and Change-in-Control Arrangements
On September 30, 1997, the Company agreed in writing to provide to Stanley A. Reese, Chief Executive Officer and President as of February 17, 2021, and formerly Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, three months’ severance pay of his full-time base salary, payable in normal payroll increments, in the event of the termination of his employment other than for cause. In the event of a change of control or the sale or transfer of substantially all of the Company’s assets, the Company agreed that in the event of Mr. Reese’s termination or substantial reduction of duties, he will receive a six-month severance payment of base salary, payable in lump sum or monthly, at the Company’s discretion. Had the event of termination or change-in-control occurred on December 31, 2020, Mr. Reese’s compensation under the agreement would have been $43,750 or $87,500, respectively.
On September 2, 2020, the Company agreed in writing to provide to Matthew T. Sands, Chief Financial Officer as of February 17, 2021, and formerly Controller and acting Chief Financial Officer, three months’ severance pay of his full-time base salary, payable in normal payroll increments, in the event of the termination of his employment other than for cause. In the event of a change of control or the sale or transfer of substantially all of the Company’s assets, the Company agreed that in the event of Mr. Reese’s termination or substantial reduction of duties, he will receive a three-month severance payment of base salary, payable in lump sum or monthly, at the Company’s discretion. Had the event of termination or change-in-control occurred on December 31, 2020, Mr. Sands’ compensation under the agreement would have been $35,375.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Retirement Plans
The Company has a Cash or Deferred Arrangement Agreement (CODA), which satisfies the requirements of section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This defined contribution retirement plan covers substantially all employees. Participants can elect to have up to the maximum percentage allowable of their salaries reduced and contributed to the plan. The Company may make matching contributions equal to a discretionary percentage of the participants’ elective deferrals. In 2020, the Company matched 25% of the first 6% of the participants’ elective deferrals. The Company may also make additional contributions to all eligible employees at its discretion. The Company did not make additional contributions during 2020.
Compensation of Directors
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company paid each non-employee director an annual fee of $2,000 to serve on the Board, payable quarterly. Options to purchase shares of common stock may be issued in addition to the director’s annual fee. Expenses incurred in attending Board of Director meetings and committee meetings may be reimbursed. The following Table describes all compensation for each director for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Director Compensation
Name
(a)
Fees
earned
or paid
in cash
($)
(b)
Stock
Awards
($)
(c)
Option
Awards
($)
(d)
Non-equity
incentive plan compensation
($)
(e)
Nonqualified
deferred
compensation
($)
(f)
All Other Compensation ($)
(g)
Total
($)
(h)
Mark T. Krial1
2,000
-
-
-
-
-
2,000
Charles A. May, Jr.2
2,000
-
-
-
-
-
2,000
William H. Pickle3
2,000
-
-
-
-
-
2,000
Bonnie K. Wachtel2
2,000
-
-
-
-
-
2,000
James D. Wester2,4
2,000
-
-
-
-
-
2,000
1Had option awards for an aggregate amount of 10,000 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020.
2Had option awards for an aggregate amount of 30,000 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020.
3Had option awards for an aggregate amount of 20,000 shares outstanding at December 31, 2020.
4Retired as a director effective March 10, 2021.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table contains information regarding securities authorized and available for issuance under our equity compensation plans for certain employees, directors, and consultants, as of March 15, 2021.
Plan Category
Number of securities to
be issued upon
exercise of outstanding
options, warrants, and
rights
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options, warrants,
and rights
Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future issuance
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders1,2
1,395,000
$ 0.34
369,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
--
--
--
Total
1,395,000
$ 0.34
369,000
1 The Company has a stock incentive plan, which became effective June 1, 2016, and expires April 4, 2026 (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan provides for the granting of equity awards to employees and directors. The maximum number of shares for which equity awards may be granted under the 2016 Plan is 1,000,000. Options granted under the 2016 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or 90 days after employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors.
2 The Company had a stock incentive plan, which became effective May 18, 2006, and expired April 12, 2016 (the “2006 Plan”). The 2006 Plan provided for the granting of equity awards to employees and directors. Options granted under the 2006 Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant or 90 days after employment ceases, whichever comes first, and vest over periods determined by the Board of Directors.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of our common stock held as of March 25, 2021, by each person who is known by us based on Schedule 13G, Schedule 13D, and Section 16(a) filings to beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, and as of March 25, 2021, by each current director and; (2) each of the named executive officers listed in the Summary Compensation Table included in Part III Item 10 above; and (3) by all current directors and executive officers as a group:
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
TITLE OF CLASS: INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED COMMON STOCK
Name and Address of
Beneficial Owner
Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership
Percent
Of Class
Joseph P. Daly
1,670,500 (1)
14.8
Palm Management (US) LLC
1,050,000 (2)
9.3
Traditions LP
1,000,000 (3)
8.9
Alan Gelband
934,397 (4)
8.3
Estate of Barry T. Brooks
735,043 (5)
6.5
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT
TITLE OF CLASS: INFORMATION ANALYSIS INCORPORATED COMMON STOCK
Name of
Beneficial Owner (6)
Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership
Percent
Of Class
Stanley A. Reese, Chief Executive Officer and President
525,000
(7)
4.4
Matthew T. Sands, Chief Financial Officer
210,000
(8)
1.8
Jack L. Johnson, Jr., Director
-
*
Mark T. Krial, Chairman of the Board
30,000
(9)
*
Charles A. May, Jr., Director
70,000
(9)
*
William H. Pickle, Director
25,000
(10)
*
Bonnie K. Wachtel, Director
248,800
(9)
2.2
All directors and executive officers as a group
1,108,800
(11)
9.1
*
Beneficial Ownership represents less than 1% of the class of shares.
(1)
The address of Joseph P. Daly is 497 Circle Freeway, Cincinnati, OH 45246. This information was obtained solely from a Form 4 filed by Mr. Daly on July 25, 2019. Mr. Daly owns 450,000 shares directly and 1,183,500 through EssigPR Inc.
(2)
This information was obtained solely from a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC jointly by Palm Management (US) LLC, Palm Global Small Cap Master Fund LP, Bradley C. Palmer, and Joshua Horowitz on February 17, 2021. The address of Palm Management (US) LLC is 19 West Elm Street, Greenwich, CT 06830. Total shares beneficially owned include 1,050,000 with shared voting power and 1,050,000 with shared dispositive power.
(3)
The address of record of Traditions LP is 924 Ridge Drive, McLean, VA 22101.
(4)
This information was obtained solely from a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 2, 2021. The address of the filers is 62 Longwoods Lane, East Hampton, NY 11937. Shares beneficially owned include 378,847 shares with sole voting and sole dispositive power by Alan Gelband, 105,000 shares with sole voting and sole dispositive power by The Alan Gelband Company Defined Contribution Pension Plan and Trust, 440,550 shares with sole voting and sole dispositive power by Alan Gelband Roth IRA, and 10,000 shares with sole voting and sole dispositive power by The Alden Foundation.
(5)
This information was obtained solely from a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on March 21, 2011. The address of the filers as recorded was 3843 Jamestown Road, Springfield, OH 45502. Current ownership status of the shares of Barry T. Brooks is unknown following his death in 2014. There has been no subsequent Schedule 13G reporting.
(6)
The address of all beneficial holders who are directors or management is in care of the Company.
(7)
Includes 525,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase common stock.
(8)
Includes 200,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase common stock.
(9)
Includes 30,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase common stock.
(10)
Includes 25,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase common stock.
(11)
Includes 840,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase common stock.
*
Less than 1% ownership of class.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Transactions with Related Persons
A "Related Party Transaction" is any transaction directly or indirectly involving any related party that would need to be disclosed under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. The Company has determined as a policy that any Related Party Transaction requires the approval by the Board of Directors.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company determined that it had not engaged in related party transactions subject to reporting herein.
Independence
Our Board has determined that the following members of the Board qualify as independent under the definition promulgated by the NASDAQ Stock Market:
Mark T. Krial
Jack L. Johnson, Jr.
Charles A. May, Jr.
William H. Pickle
Bonnie K. Wachtel
There are no family relationships between any directors or executive officers of the Company.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The following table presents fees for professional audit services rendered by CohnReznick LLP for the audits of the Company's annual financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and fees billed for other services rendered by our principal accountants during those periods.
Fee Category
2020 Fees
2019 Fees
Audit Fees
$ 95,145
$ 92,284
Audit-Related Fees
--
--
Tax Fees
4,632
4,632
All Other Fees
--
--
Total Fees and Services
$ 99,777
$ 96,916
The Audit Committee directly engages the Independent Registered Public Accountants as it relates to the audit of the Company’s fiscal year and the reviews of its fiscal quarters and the associated fees. In accordance with its written charter, our Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and permissible non-audit services, including the scope of contemplated services and the related fees, that are to be performed by CohnReznick LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, subject to the de minimis exceptions described in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Exchange Act, which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the completion of the audit. The Audit Committee's pre-approval of non-audit services involves consideration of the impact of providing such services on CohnReznick LLP's independence. All 2020 and 2019 non-audit services were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
(1)
Financial Statements
(as presented in Item 8 of this Annual Report) Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
Notes to Financial Statements
Exhibit Index
Exhibit No.
Description
Location
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation effective March 18, 1997
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1996 and filed on July 3, 1997
3.2
Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1997 and filed on March 31, 1998
3.3
Amended By-Laws of the Company
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form S-18 dated November 20, 1986
(Commission File No. 33-9390).
4.1
Copy of Stock Certificate
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1997 and filed on March 31, 1998
10.1
Office Lease for 18,280 square feet at 11240 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, Virginia 22030.
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1996 and filed on July 3, 1997
10.2
Company’s 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan through Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company (now VOYA).
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1996 and filed on July 3, 1997
10.3
Second Modification of Lease, dated February 10, 2004, to 4,434 square feet at 11240 Waples Mill Road, Fairfax, Virginia 22030
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the period ended December 31, 2003, and filed on March 30, 2004
10.4
Termination and/or change in control arrangement for Richard S. DeRose dated June 18, 1997
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2004, and filed on March 30, 2005
10.5
Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A. (formerly Commerce Bank, N.A.)
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2005, and filed on March 31, 2006
10.6
Information Analysis Incorporated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 19, 2006
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Exhibit No.
Description
Location
10.7
Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated July 18, 2008.
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2008, and filed on March 31, 2009
10.8
Information Analysis Incorporated 2016 Stock Incentive Plan
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 11, 2016
10.9
Sixth Modification of Lease, dated December 9, 2016, to extend term of lease four years.
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and filed on March 31, 2017
10.10
Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated May 28, 2017.
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2017, and filed on August 14, 2017
10.11
Modification Agreement regarding Line of Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., successor to Commerce Bank, N.A., dated August 13,2020.
Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2020, and filed on August 14, 2020
23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, CohnReznick LLP
Filed with this Form 10-K
31.1
Rule 13a-14(a) / 15a-14(a) Certification by Chief Executive Officer
Filed with this Form 10-K
31.2
Rule 13a-14(a) / 15a-14(a) Certification by Chief Financial Officer
Filed with this Form 10-K
32.1
Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Filed with this Form 10-K
32.2
Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Filed with this Form 10-K
101.INS**
101.SCH**
101.CAL**
101.DEF**
101.LAB**
101.PRE**
XBRL Instance
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
Filed with this Form 10-K
**XBRL information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.
Information Analysis Incorporated 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K