EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1429764
Filing Year: 2024
Filename: 1429764_10-K_2024_0001493152-24-010214.json

---

ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
Overview
Blink Charging Co., through its consolidated subsidiaries, is a leading manufacturer, owner, operator, and provider of electric vehicle (“EV”) charging equipment and networked EV charging services in the rapidly growing U.S. and international markets for EVs. Blink offers residential and commercial EV charging equipment and services, enabling EV drivers to recharge at various locations. Blink’s principal line of products and services is its Blink EV charging networks (the “Blink Networks”) and Blink EV charging equipment, also known as electric vehicle supply equipment (“EVSE”), and other EV-related services. The Blink Networks are a proprietary, cloud-based system that operates, maintains, and manages Blink charging stations and handles the associated charging data, back-end operations, and payment processing. The Blink Networks provide fleets, property owners, managers, parking companies, and state and municipal entities (“Property Partners”), among other types of commercial customers, with cloud-based services that enable the remote monitoring and management of EV charging stations. The Blink Networks also provide EV drivers with vital station information, including station location, availability, and fees (as applicable).
To capture more revenues derived from providing EV charging equipment to commercial customers and to help differentiate Blink in the EV infrastructure market, Blink offers Property Partners a comprehensive range of solutions for EV charging equipment and services that generally fall into one of the business models below, differentiated by who owns the equipment and who bears the costs of installation, equipment, maintenance, and the percentage of revenue shared.
● In our Blink-owned turnkey business model, we incur the charging equipment and installation costs. We own and operate the EV charging station and provide connectivity of the charging station to the Blink Networks. In this model, which favors recurring revenues, we incur most costs associated with the EV charging stations; thus, we retain substantially all EV charging revenues after deducting network connectivity and processing fees. Our agreement with the Property Partner typically lasts nine years, with extensions that can bring it to 27 years.
● In our Blink-owned hybrid business model, we incur the charging equipment costs while the Property Partner incurs the installation costs. We own and operate the EV charging station and provide connectivity to the Blink Networks. In this model, since the Property Partner incurs the installation costs; we share a more generous portion of the EV charging revenues with the Property Partner after deducting Blink network connectivity and processing fees. Our agreement with the Property Partner typically lasts seven years, with extensions that can bring it to 21 years.
● In our host-owned business model, the Property Partner purchases, owns, and operates the Blink EV charging station and incurs the installation costs. We work with the Property Partner by providing site recommendations, connectivity to the Blink Networks, payment processing, and optional maintenance services. In this model, the Property Partner retains and keeps all the EV charging revenues after deducting Blink network connectivity and processing fees.
● In our Blink-as-a-Service model, we own and operate the EV charging station, while the Property Partner incurs the installation costs. The Property Partner pays us a fixed monthly fee for the service and keeps all the EV charging revenues after deducting Blink network connectivity and processing fees. Our agreement with the Property owner typically lasts five years.
We also own and operate EV car-sharing and ride-sharing programs through our wholly owned subsidiary, Blink Mobility. These programs allow customers to share electric vehicles through subscription services and charge those cars through our charging stations.
In pursuit of our commitment to fostering the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) through the establishment and management of EV charging infrastructure on a global scale, we remain steadfast in our dedication to mitigating climate change. This dedication is evidenced by our efforts to diminish greenhouse gas emissions stemming from gasoline-powered vehicles. With the goal of being a leader in the build-out of EV charging infrastructure and maximizing our share of the EV charging market, we have established strategic commercial, municipal, and retail partnerships across industry verticals and encompassing numerous transit/destination locations, including airports, auto dealers, healthcare/medical, hotels, mixed-use, municipal sites, multifamily residential and condos, parks and recreation areas, parking lots, religious institutions, restaurants, retailers, schools and universities, stadiums, supermarkets, transportation hubs, and workplace locations.
In 2023, we entered into agreements with significant new customers, including the United States Postal Service (USPS), Mack Trucks, McArthurGlen, BluePoint, Mike Albert Fleet Solutions, Royal Farms, John Henry General Store, Moberly Motor Company, Arcos Dorados (McDonald’s Puerto Rico), AAA, Allegiant Stadium (Las Vegas), Village of Tuckahoe (NY), Miami Beach (FL), Metropolitan Government of Nashville-Davidson County, and Salt Lake City International Airport, that expand our potential for unit sales and deployments. Similarly, in 2022, we entered into agreements with significant new customers, including Mitsubishi, Cushman & Wakefield, Triple J, Q-Park, Best Buy, UBS, Bosch Mexico, Porsche Puerto Rico and Guatemala, Veris Residential, Greystar, Cambium, and the cities of Atlanta (GA), Rockford (IL), Newton (IA), Winslow (N.J), and Leeds (UK). Along with these new business relationships, we forged critical strategic relationships with organizations that directly or indirectly influence EV charging stations purchase decisions. Examples include the Florida Sheriff’s Association Cooperative, the State of Utah, Illinois Region 1 Planning Council, AES El Salvador, and Vizient - the largest member-driven healthcare performance improvement company in the United States representing more than $130 billion in annual purchasing volume.
In 2022, we expanded our presence through the acquisitions of SemaConnect and Electric Blue, establishing new offices in Bowie, Maryland, and St. Albans, United Kingdom. Additionally, we opened manufacturing facilities in Bowie, Maryland, and Bangalore, India. These additions enhance our capacity in the U.S. and internationally, enabling us to develop and manufacture hardware and innovate new software capabilities to address the evolving EV charging landscape. They also serve as crucial hubs for operations in the United States, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East. This expansion aligns with our strategic goal of growing our global engineering teams and establishing operational hubs to support our international expansion into new regions.
As of December 31, 2023, we sold or deployed 89,825 chargers, of which 72,418 were in the Blink Networks (244 Level 1 publicly accessible commercial chargers, 44,673 Level 2 publicly accessible commercial chargers, 5,569 Level 2 private commercial chargers, 667 DC Fast Charging EV publicly accessible chargers, 36 DC Fast Charging EV private chargers, and 525 residential Level 2 Blink EV chargers, inclusive of 20,704 chargers pending to be commissioned). Included in the Blink Networks are 5,150 chargers owned by us. The remaining 17,407 were non-networked, on other networks or international sales or deployments (761 Level 2 commercial chargers, 16 DC Fast Charging chargers, 12,224 residential Level 2 Blink EV chargers, 2,938 sold to other U.S. networks and 1,468 sold internationally). The charger units noted above are net of swap-out or replacement units.
As an EV charging station leader, we understand our corporate social responsibility and remain steadfast in our commitment to fostering a cleaner, improved global environment. By prioritizing our environmental, social, and governance initiatives, we consistently enhance our standing within the EV industry as a responsible and value-enhancing service provider within the ecosystem. Upholding sustainable procurement, we intend to persist in aligning with partners who share our vision for societal advancement and uphold ethical business standards. As our technology advances, we are devoted to implementing recycling programs aimed at repurposing older products.
Industry Overview
The plug-in electric vehicle market experienced significant growth in recent years with EV adoption hitting an all-time high of 7.8% in 2023 in the U.S., as reported by BNEF. Anticipating sustained momentum, we foresee continued growth throughout 2024, propelled by the introduction of new EV models into the market as automotive manufacturers continue to scale production of EVs. Sales projections indicate a trajectory of ongoing increase, buoyed by technological advancements, heightened competition, and a trend of declining prices.
In addition, we believe the advancements made in battery technologies will allow EVs to achieve approximate cost parity with internal combustion engine vehicles and will extend driving range and consumer confidence moving the market away from range anxiety toward range confidence, creating further consumer demand.
Moreover, the U.S. Administration and private companies’ increasing focus on climate related initiatives and their large-scale commitment and investment in developing and expanding the EV charging infrastructure are making it easier for drivers to own and use EVs.
The demand for electric vehicles has been further propelled by government incentives and regulations at federal, state, and local levels. It is anticipated that government agencies worldwide will persist in offering incentives to promote EV purchases, while continuing to roll out regulations aimed at reducing emissions and incentivizing the adoption of clean energy vehicles. At the U.S. federal level, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law provides $7.5 billion for EV charging network development across the United States for both DCFC and Level 2 chargers. At the state level, California, Oregon, New York, Maryland, and Massachusetts among other states, have created mandates for EVs to achieve more than 6.8 million EVs on the road by 2030 and many states provide additional EV incentives to consumers. Further, a shift towards EV car-sharing has boosted the transition to EV fleets, leading to increased EV charging station demand.
is expected to be a year of increasing numbers of EV models available and improved infrastructure to support them. In 2023, many auto traditional and new manufacturers such as Mercedes, Ford, General Motors, BMW, Fisker, BYD, Lucid, and Rivian brought new electric vehicle models and ramped up production of existing models.
As pioneers in the EV charging industry, we continue to lead as market demands for a robust charging infrastructure increase. We are the only EV charging company based in the United States to offer complete vertical integration from research and development and manufacturing to EV charger ownership, operations and services. This vertical integration creates significant opportunities to control our supply chain and accelerate our go-to-market speed while reducing operating costs. We believe this opportunistically positions us to meet this demand both domestically and globally.
Industry Overview
The plug-in electric vehicle market experienced significant growth in recent years with EV adoption hitting an all-time high of 7.8% in 2023 in the U.S., as reported by BNEF. Anticipating sustained momentum, we foresee continued growth throughout 2024, propelled by the introduction of new EV models into the market as automotive manufacturers continue to scale production of EVs. Sales projections indicate a trajectory of ongoing increase, buoyed by technological advancements, heightened competition, and a trend of declining prices.
In addition, we believe the advancements made in battery technologies will allow EVs to achieve approximate cost parity with internal combustion engine vehicles and will extend driving range and consumer confidence moving the market away from range anxiety toward range confidence, creating further consumer demand.
Moreover, the U.S. Administration and private companies’ increasing focus on climate related initiatives and their large-scale commitment and investment in developing and expanding the EV charging infrastructure are making it easier for drivers to own and use EVs.
The demand for electric vehicles has been further propelled by government incentives and regulations at federal, state, and local levels. It is anticipated that government agencies worldwide will persist in offering incentives to promote EV purchases, while continuing to roll out regulations aimed at reducing emissions and incentivizing the adoption of clean energy vehicles. At the U.S. federal level, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law provides $7.5 billion for EV charging network development across the United States for both DCFC and Level 2 chargers. At the state level, California, Oregon, New York, Maryland, and Massachusetts among other states, have created mandates for EVs to achieve more than 6.8 million EVs on the road by 2030 and many states provide additional EV incentives to consumers. Further, a shift towards EV car-sharing has boosted the transition to EV fleets, leading to increased EV charging station demand.
is expected to be a year of increasing numbers of EV models available and improved infrastructure to support them. In 2023, many auto traditional and new manufacturers such as Mercedes, Ford, General Motors, BMW, Fisker, BYD, Lucid, and Rivian brought new electric vehicle models and ramped up production of existing models.
As pioneers in the EV charging industry, we continue to lead as market demands for a robust charging infrastructure increase. We are the only EV charging company based in the United States to offer complete vertical integration from research and development and manufacturing to EV charger ownership, operations and services. This vertical integration creates significant opportunities to control our supply chain and accelerate our go-to-market speed while reducing operating costs. We believe this opportunistically positions us to meet this demand both domestically and globally.
Our EV Charging Solutions
We offer a variety of EV charging products and services to Property Partners and EV drivers.
EV Charging Solutions
▪ Level 2. We offer a wide range of Level 2 (AC) EV charging equipment, ideal for commercial and residential use, with the North American standard J1772 connector, the North American Charging Standard (NACS) connector, and the Type 2 connector compatible with electric vehicles in Europe and across Latin America.
▪ Our commercial Level 2 chargers consist of the EQ, HQ, MQ, and IQ 200 families and the Series 4, 6, 7, and 8 families, which are available in pedestal, wall mount, and pole mount configurations. The MQ and IQ 200, along with the Series 6, 7, and 8 chargers offer an optional cable management system. Additionally, we offer three residential Level 2 chargers for the Americas: the wall-mounted HQ 200, Series 4, and a smart charging cable, the PQ 150, designed for European markets. Our commercial and residential chargers (except the non-networked HQ 150) can connect to the Blink Networks or a local network. Level 2 charging stations typically provide a full charge in two to eight hours. Level 2 chargers are ideally suited for low-cost installations and frequently used parking locations, such as workplaces, multifamily residential, retail, hospitality, and mixed-use, parking garages, municipalities, colleges/schools, hospitals and airports.
▪ International Products. We offer Level 2 AC and DC products for the rapidly expanding international markets targeted at the residential, workplace, retail, parking garages, leasing companies, hospitality, and other locations. These products are available with the Type 2, GBT, and CCS 2 connectors and include the PQ 150, Series 3 (an ideal product for the 2/3-wheeled vehicles), and the EQ 200.
▪ Mobile Charger. We offer the HQ 200-M Level 2 charger for the mobile/emergency charging market which requires a portable charger to be used for roadside or other use cases where a connection to the electricity grid is not available.
▪ DCFC. We offer a complete line of DC Fast Charging equipment (“DCFC”) that ranges from 30kW to 360kW, supports the ‘CHAdeMo’, CCS1, and NACS connectors, and typically provide an 80% charge in less than 30 minutes. Installation of DCFC stations and grid requirements are typically greater than Level 2 charging stations and are ideally suited for transportation hubs and locations between travel destinations. These include the Series 9 30kW DC Fast Charger that works ideally for the fleet and auto dealership segments and is available in wall and pedestal mount configurations, the Blink 30kW DC Fast Charger that boasts a small footprint providing up to 100 amps of output, and the Blink 60kW - 360kW DC Fast Charger that provides from 140 to 500 amps of power.
▪ Blink Network. The Blink Network is a cloud-based platform that manages our network of EV chargers around the world for remote monitoring, management, payment processing, customer support, and other features required for operating the Blink Networks of EV charging locations.
▪ Blink Charging Mobile App. We offer Blink Charging Mobile Apps (iOS and Android) that provide EV drivers control by giving them improved search capabilities which allows them to search for nearby amenities, as well as chargers by zip-codes, city, business, category, or address, and expanded keyword search. The app also includes payment functionality, eliminating the need for a credit card.
▪ Fleet Management. We offer Fleet Management applications, targeted at commercial, municipal, and federal fleets for planning, managing, and optimizing their departure schedules and energy costs. Our Fleet Management applications can be used as standalone tools or integrated into existing fleet management solutions, which allows Blink to be a flexible and value-added solution within existing software stacks.
Competitive Advantages/Operational Strengths
Long-Term Contracts with Property Owners. We have strategic and often long-term agreements that include location exclusivity with Property Partners across numerous transit/destination locations, including airports, car dealers, healthcare/medical, hotels, mixed-use, municipal locations, multifamily residential and condo, parks and recreation areas, parking lots, religious institutions, restaurants, retailers, schools and universities, stadiums, supermarkets, transportation hubs, and workplace locations. Property Partners include well-recognized companies, large municipalities and local businesses. Representative examples include the City of Miami Beach, City of Chula Vista, City of Phoenix, City of Portland, City of Knoxville, City of San Antonio, City of Leeds (UK), University of San Diego, Ohlone College, ACE Parking, Q-Park, Icon Parking, SP+ Parking, iPark, LAZ Parking, Reef Parking, Federal Realty, Equity Residential, Related Group, Johnson & Johnson, Kaiser Permanente, Blessing Healthcare, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Starbucks, JBG Associates, Kroger Company, Fred Meyer Stores, Inc., Fry’s Food & Drug, Inc., Raising Cane’s, McDonald’s, Carl’s Jr., Burger King, Walgreens and Ralphs Grocery Company. We continue to generate new contracts with Property Partners that previously secured our services independently or had contracts with the EV service providers that we acquired in the past.
Vertically Integrated Supply Chain, Engineering and Manufacturing. With the acquisition of SemaConnect, we have become a fully vertically integrated charging equipment and software provider, among the few in the world. We believe this strategy provides multiple benefits among which are the bottom-up approach to design and engineering, compliance with “Buy American” hardware requirements, controlling the supply chain timing and costs, ensuring adequate levels of inventory in constrained markets, and ability to capture the manufacturing margin in a high-demand environment.
Differentiated but Flexible Business Models. We own, operate and supply proprietary electric vehicle charging equipment and networked EV charging services. We believe that our ability to provide various business models, including a comprehensive turnkey solution, to Property Partners and leverage our technology to meet both Property Partners’ and EV drivers’ needs provides us a competitive advantage in addition to more compelling long-term growth opportunities than possible through equipment sales only.
Ownership and Control of EV Charging Stations and Services. We own a considerable percentage of our charging stations, which is a significant differentiation between us and some of our primary competitors. This ownership model allows us to control the settings and pricing for our EV charging services, service the equipment as necessary, and have more effective brand management and price uniformity. As for those stations that we do not own, we are using our best efforts to encourage their owners to keep the stations operating in good order and, in some cases, to replace faulty stations with our new charging station equipment.
Our Growth Strategy
Our objective is to continue becoming a vertically integrated and leading provider of EV charging solutions by deploying mass-scale EV charging infrastructure. By doing so, we aim to enable the accelerated growth of EV adoption and the EV industry. Key elements of our growth strategy include:
● Relentless Focus on Customer Satisfaction. Our objective is to increase overall customer satisfaction among new and existing Property Partners and EV drivers. This entails prioritizing charger uptime and availability while expanding and enhancing the EV charging infrastructure within densely populated regions of high demand. Furthermore, we are committed to optimizing the productivity and utilization of existing EV charging stations, as well as enhancing the key features of our EV charging station hardware and Blink Networks.
We are equally focused on analyzing our network uptime and reliability and dedicating resources to improve these areas. We believe that improvement on these metrics is critical for the EV charging industry and its continuous growth as EV owners and considerers need to have confidence in the infrastructure for charging.
● Pursue Strategic Opportunities to Expand Blink-Owned Turnkey and Hybrid Models. We have structured our business to identify and pursue opportunities to develop Blink’s owner and operator business model with locations that have potential of high utilization, where grant or rebate funds are available, and where we can realize long-term benefit for the EV charging location to establish long-term recurring revenue.
● Continue to Invest in Technology Innovations. We will continue to enhance the product offerings available in our EV charging hardware, cloud-based software, and networking capability. In October 2022, we unveiled our all-new Blink Networks and Blink Charging Mobile Apps (Android and iOS), redesigned from the ground-up, with industry-leading architecture, improving reliability, user experience and flexibility capable of iterating as the industry matures. The new Network can serve a wide variety of EV equipment, languages, currencies, and applications, allowing Blink to stay competitive in the fast-moving EV charging landscape. Concurrently, the new mobile app creates a seamless driver charging experience across the globe. Our software implementation allows us to remain technology agnostic to enable the onboarding of OCPP compliant equipment from other manufacturers onto our newly designed network.
● Strengthen and Support our Human Capital. Our experienced employees and management team are our most valuable resources. Attracting, training, and retaining key personnel has been and will remain critical to our success. To achieve our human capital goals, we intend to stay focused on providing our personnel with entrepreneurial opportunities to expand our business within their areas of expertise. We will also continue to provide our personnel with personal and professional growth opportunities, including additional training, performance-based incentives such as opportunities for stock ownership, and other competitive benefits.
● Expand Sales and Marketing Resources. We intend to invest in sales and marketing infrastructure to capitalize on market growth and expand our go-to-market strategy while maintaining a disciplined approach to expenses. Today, we use a direct sales force, as well as resellers and distributors, and will continue expanding through the use of independent sales agents, utilities, contractors, automotive manufacturers, and dealers.
● Seek Strategic Acquisition Opportunities. We seek domestic and international acquisition opportunities which are accretive towards our profitability targets, while allowing us to expeditiously expand our footprint of EV charging station locations, product offerings and enhance our Blink Network.
● Leverage Our Early Mover Advantage. We continue to leverage our extensive and defendable first-mover advantage and the digital customer experience we have created for both EV drivers and Property Partners. We believe that hundreds of thousands of Blink driver registrants appreciate the value of transacting charging sessions on established robust networks. Blink chargers are primarily deployed throughout the United States, Europe, Mexico, and Central America. Users commonly exhibit a preference for remaining with a single, cohesive network.
● Appropriately Capitalize Our Business. We continue to pursue new potential capital sources to deliver critical operational objectives and the necessary resources to execute our overall strategy. The EV charging industry, as a whole, is undercapitalized to deliver the full potential of the expected EV market growth in the near future. We expect to retain our leadership position with new growth capital as required.
● Integration of Four Recent Acquisitions.
On April 18, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Envoy Technologies, Inc. Envoy is a car sharing platform with an iOS/Android app that provides on-demand electric vehicles as an amenity to apartments, office buildings and hotels. The company equips real estate owners and operators with a new and innovative way to enhance the lifestyle of their tenants, members and guests by providing “Mobility as an Amenity™ service,” a platform that offers a technology to reserve and access vehicles, driver insurance, maintenance, electric vehicle chargers, electric fleet, fleet maintenance, full-service mobile app, customer support and robust analytics. Envoy provides the technology, operations and vehicles to implement private and dedicated auto-sharing as an amenity for any community.
On June 15, 2022, we completed the acquisition of SemaConnect, Inc., a leading provider of EV charging infrastructure solutions in North America with manufacturing facilities in both the United States and India. Upon the closing of the acquisition, SemaConnect became a wholly owned subsidiary of our company, allowing Blink to comply with “Buy America” mandates and adding nearly 13,000 active chargers and over 150,000 registered users to the Blink Networks.
On April 22, 2022, pursuant to a Sale and Purchase Agreement dated April 22, 2022, we acquired, through our wholly owned subsidiary in the Netherlands, Blink Holdings B.V., all the outstanding capital stock of Electric Blue Limited, a private company limited by shares and registered in England and Wales (“EB”), from its shareholders. Headquartered in St. Albans, United Kingdom, EB is a leading provider of electric vehicle charging and sustainable energy solutions and technologies.
On May 10, 2021, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary in the Netherlands, Blink Holdings, B.V., closed on the acquisition of the outstanding capital stock of a Belgian company, Blue Corner NV (“Blue Corner”), from its shareholders. Headquartered in Belgium, with sales representative offices in several other European cities, Blue Corner owns and operates an EV charging network across Europe. The acquisition of Blue Corner was made to enter the European market and provide an opportunity to expand our footprint in this region.
Sales
Our sales organization builds and maintains long-term business relationships with our customers by utilizing our four core business models. These business models provide a high degree of flexibility to match host location goals and objectives for EV charging with our industry-leading equipment and software solutions. Our team identifies locations that have the potential to create long-term, recurring value for the Property Partner and Blink. Sales personnel are able to pivot to traditional equipment sales or charging-as-a-service models when, and if, a location is not identified as a promising generator of future recurring revenues. The team strives to maintain a balance between equipment sales that grow revenue today, and site locations that have potential to generate strong revenues in the future under our owner-operator business models.
We also engage with strategic distributor and reseller partners across a range of vertical markets both within the U.S. and globally. These organizations typically have unique relationships or capabilities within their respective markets and provide Blink with additional sales opportunities. These partnerships amplify Blink’s sales reach and are authorized to sell our EV charging hardware, software services (connectivity to the Blink Networks), and extended warranty service plans.
We are making further inroads into the residential charging station market where we sell Level 2 chargers through various internet channels, such as Amazon, Walmart.com, BestBuy and other online retailers, to reach the single-family residential charging market in the United States.
In 2023, we entered into agreements with new major customers, including the United States Postal Service (“USPS”), Mack Trucks, McArthurGlen, BluePoint, Mike Albert Fleet Solutions, Royal Farms, John Henry General Store, Moberly Motor Company, Arcos Dorados (McDonald’s Puerto Rico), AAA, Allegiant Stadium (Las Vegas), Village of Tuckahoe (NY), Miami Beach (FL), Metropolitan Government of Nashville-Davidson County, Salt Lake City International Airport, and others that expand our potential for unit sales and deployments. Similarly, in 2022, we entered into agreement with new major customers including Mitsubishi, Cushman & Wakefield, Triple J, Q-Park, Best Buy, UBS, Bosch Mexico, Porsche Puerto Rico and Guatemala, Veris Residential, Greystar, Cambium, and cities of Atlanta (GA), Rockford (IL), Newton (IA), Winslow (NJ), Leeds (U.K.) and others. Along with these new business relationships, we forged critical strategic relationships with organizations that directly or indirectly influence EV charging station purchase decisions. Examples include Sustainable Westchester in New York and Clean Cities Organizations in Virginia, Vermont, and Ohio, Florida Sheriff’s Association Cooperative, Utah State, Illinois Region 1 Planning Council, AES El Salvador and Vizient.
In addition to adding sales personnel within key markets, we solidified our organizational structure through hiring talented business development professionals and establishing a new account management team to onboard customers and maintain long-term relationships.
Our in-house staff performs a variety of marketing activities. Our marketing team works to promote and sell our services to a variety of vertical markets, and directly to EV drivers. We also utilize marketing and communication channels, including press releases, email marketing, website (www.blinkcharging.com), pay-per-click advertising, social media marketing, webinars, sponsorships and partnerships, advertising and conferences. Our websites’ information is not, and will not be deemed, a part of this Annual Report or incorporated into any other filings we make with the SEC.
We continue to invest in improving our company-owned stations’ service and maintenance and those stations with service and maintenance plans and expanding our cloud-based network capabilities. We anticipate continuing to grow our revenues by (i) selling our next generation of EV charging equipment to current as well as to new Property Partners, which includes airports, auto dealers, healthcare/medical, hotels, mixed-use, municipal locations, multifamily residential and condos, parks and recreation areas, parking lots, religious institutions, restaurants, retailers, schools and universities, stadiums, supermarkets, transportation hubs, and workplace locations, (ii) expanding our sales channels to wholesale distributors, utilities, auto original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), solar integrators, and dealers, which will include implementing EV charging station occupancy fees (after charging is completed, fees for remaining connected to the charging station beyond an allotted grace period) and subscription plans for EV drivers on our company-owned public charging locations, (iii) adding additional charging stations in locations with increasing utilization metrics, (iv) offering Blink Care (silver / gold), and (v) offering warranty for our chargers and services.
Our Customers and Partners
We have strategic partnerships across numerous transit/destination locations, including airports, auto dealers, healthcare/medical, hotels, mixed use and municipal locations, multifamily residential and condos, parks and recreation areas, parking lots, religious institutions, restaurants, retailers, schools and universities, stadiums, supermarkets, transportation hubs, and workplace locations. We have hundreds of Property Partners that include well recognized companies, large municipalities, and local businesses. We strive to engage all Blink-owned turnkey and hybrid property partners with exclusive EV charging contracts. This strategy further supports our owner-operator model to generate recurring revenue for both the Property Partner and Blink. Representative examples are McDonald’s, Sony Pictures, Caltrans, Audi of America, Porsche Design Tower, City of Azusa, City of Chula Vista, City of Springfield, City of Tucson, City of Fayetteville, BJ’s Inc., Federal Realty, Fred Meyer Stores, Inc., Fry’s Food & Drug, Inc., Kana Hotel Group, Kroger Company, and Ralphs Grocery Company. We continue to establish new contracts with Property Partners that previously secured our services independently or had contracts with the EV services providers that we acquired.
Our revenues are primarily derived from fees charged to EV drivers for EV charging in public locations, EV charging hardware sales, government grants and sales of equipment warranties. EV charging fees to drivers are based on an hourly rate, by energy dispensed per kilowatt-hour (“kWh”), or by session. Such fees are calculated based on various factors, including associated station costs and local electricity tariffs. EV charging hardware is sold to our Property Partners such as InterEnergy, Green Commuter, Nashville Music Center, Wendy’s and other Property Partners engaged with our host-owned business model. Other income sources from EV charging services are network fees, extended warranty fees, membership fees, and payment processing fees paid by our Property Partners. Blink generates revenues from its EV car-sharing program through Envoy and BlueLA, which allow customers the ability to retain electric vehicles through a subscription service.
We teamed up with Google Maps to make locating EV charging stations straightforward and accessible. Our charging stations are displayed in Google Maps.
We are focused on profitable international expansion and have made significant progress at expanding our business across the globe, focusing primarily on Europe, United Kingdom, and Latin America.
On June 15, 2022, we completed the acquisition of SemaConnect, Inc., a leading provider of EV charging infrastructure solutions in North America with manufacturing facilities in both the United States and India. Upon the closing of the acquisition, SemaConnect became a wholly owned subsidiary of our company, allowing us to comply with “Buy America” mandates and adding nearly 13,000 active chargers and over 150,000 registered users to the Blink Networks.
On April 22, 2022, pursuant to a Sale and Purchase Agreement dated April 22, 2022, we acquired, through our wholly owned subsidiary in the Netherlands, Blink Holdings B.V., all the outstanding capital stock of Electric Blue Limited, a private company limited by shares and registered in England and Wales (“EB”), from its shareholders. Headquartered in St. Albans, United Kingdom, EB is a leading provider of electric vehicle charging and sustainable energy solutions and technologies.
On May 10, 2021, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary in the Netherlands, Blink Holdings, B.V., closed on the acquisition of the outstanding capital stock of a Belgian company, Blue Corner NV (“Blue Corner”), from its shareholders. Headquartered in Belgium, with sales representative offices in several other European cities, Blue Corner owns and operates an EV charging network across Europe. The acquisition of Blue Corner was made to enter the European market and provide an opportunity to expand our footprint in this region. Additionally, we operate through Blink Charging Ltd. for our expansion in Israel and Blink Hellas SA for our expansion in Greece. We are in the process of establishing numerous subsidiaries in Latin America as we further concentrate our international efforts. Finally, we established a new software development team in India, managed by our Indian subsidiary, Blink Charging Software Solutions Ltd.
Our Competition
The EV charging equipment and service market is highly competitive, and we expect the market to become increasingly competitive as new entrants enter this growing market. Our products and services compete on product performance and features, the total cost of ownership, sales capabilities, financial stability, brand recognition, product reliability, and the installed base’s size. Our existing competition in the U.S. currently includes ChargePoint, which manufactures EV charging equipment and operates the ChargePoint Network, and EVgo, which offers home and public charging with pay-as-you-go and subscription models. Other entrants into the connected EV charging station equipment market include Flo, Volta, Clipper Creek, StarCharge, Wallbox, Freewire, Autel, and EV Connect. We believe these additional competitors struggle with gaining the necessary network traction but could gain momentum in the future. While Tesla does offer EV charging services, the connector type currently restricts the chargers to Tesla vehicles only in North America, which we believe will change as a number of OEMs have announced transitioning to the North American Charging Standard (NACS) used by Tesla. Many other EV charging companies offer non-networked or “basic” chargers with limited customer leverage but could provide a low-cost solution for basic charger needs in commercial and home locations.
Our competitive advantage in this market includes vertical integration and our exclusive, long-term contracts with our Property Partners and flexible business models. We offer our EV charging station equipment and provide access to a robust EV charging network.
Government Grants
We have a full-time dedicated team to identify and process federal and state funding opportunities for EV charging infrastructure development. We are committed to pursuing EV charging development grant opportunities in all 50 states. Funding sources in the U.S. include the Department of Energy, Department of Transportation, Department of Agriculture, the VW mitigation settlement trust fund, funding initiatives from utility service providers and various state and local jurisdictions. In Europe, we have a significant presence both in the European Union and the United Kingdom through our acquisitions of Blue Corner and Electric Blue. Our staff in Europe has significant experience in applying and taking advantage of various European jurisdictions incentives and rebate programs.
Disclosure Related to Climate Change
On March 21, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) proposed rules mandating climate-related disclosures in companies’ annual reports and registration statements. The proposed rules contemplate phase-in periods based on SEC filer status, with extended phase-in periods for Scope 3 disclosures and third-party attestation requirements. Under the direction and supervision of senior management and with board oversight, our Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) Committee has initiated a process to implement and maintain compliance with the SEC’s climate disclosure requirements as they are enacted.
Privacy and Data Security Laws
We are currently subject, and/or may in the future be subject, to numerous privacy and data security laws. For example, some U.S. states, members of the European Economic Area, the United Kingdom, and many other jurisdictions in which we operate have adopted some form of privacy and data security laws and regulations which impose significant compliance obligations.
The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which is wide-ranging in scope, imposes several requirements relating to a variety of matters, including the control over personal data by individuals to whom the personal data relates, the information provided to the individuals, the documentation we must maintain, the security and confidentiality of the personal data, data breach notification, and the use of third-party processors in connection with the processing of personal data. The GDPR also imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data outside of the European Union (“EU”), provides an enforcement authority, and authorizes the imposition of large penalties for noncompliance, including the potential for significant fines. The GDPR requirements apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between Blink Charging and its subsidiaries, including employee information. The GDPR has increased our responsibility and potential liability in relation to all types of personal data that we process and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to ensure compliance with the GDPR, which could divert management’s attention and increase its cost of doing business, and despite our ongoing efforts to bring its practices into compliance with the GDPR, it may not be successful.
Additionally, we are governed by a California state privacy law called the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which contains requirements similar to GDPR for the handling of personal information of California residents. The CCPA establishes a privacy framework for covered businesses, including an expansive definition of personal information and data privacy rights for California residents. The CCPA includes a framework with potentially severe statutory damages and private rights of action. The CCPA requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers (as that word is broadly defined in the CCPA), and new ways for such consumers to opt out of certain sales of personal information, and to allow for a new cause of action for data breaches. Further, California voters approved a new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) in November 2020. Effective starting on January 1, 2023, the CPRA will significantly modify the CCPA, including by expanding the consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information. The CPRA also creates a new state agency that will be vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. New legislation proposed or enacted in various other states will continue to shape the data privacy environment nationally. For example, the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act became effective on January 1, 2023, the Colorado Privacy Act becomes effective on July 1, 2023, the Connecticut Act Concerning Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring becomes effective on July 1, 2023, and the Utah Privacy Act becomes effective on December 1, 2023.
The GDPR, CCPA, CPRA, CPA, and CDPA exemplify the vulnerability of our business to the evolving regulatory environment related to personal data. Our compliance costs and potential liability may increase as a result of additional national and international regulatory requirements related to data privacy and data security. We are currently subject, and/or may in the future be subject, to numerous privacy and data security laws. For example, some U.S. states, members of the European Economic Area, the United Kingdom, and many other jurisdictions in which we operate have adopted some form of privacy and data security laws and regulations which impose significant compliance obligations.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)
We are committed to sourcing only responsibly produced materials. We have a zero-tolerance policy when it comes to child or forced labor and human trafficking by our suppliers. We believe that sound corporate governance is critical to helping us achieve our goals, including with respect to ESG. We are focused on further enhancing sustainability of operations and continue to evolve a governance framework that exercises appropriate oversight of responsibilities at all levels throughout the company. Our board-level ESG Committee, with active management participation, will oversee our ESG initiatives and priorities.
Government Regulation and Incentives
State, regional and local regulations for installing EV charging stations vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may include permitting requirements, inspection requirements, licensing of contractors, and certifications. Compliance with such regulations may cause installation delays.
Currently, we apply charging fees by the kWh for our services in most states that permit this policy, while there are a handful of other states that only allow charging fees on hourly and by session for our services (Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Tennessee and Wisconsin).
We intend to continue to vigorously seek additional grants, loans, rebates, subsidies, and incentives as cost-effective means of reducing our capital investment in the promotion, purchase and installation of charging stations where applicable. We expect these incentives, rebates, and tax credits to be critical to our future growth. Additionally, some incentives are currently offered to encourage electric vehicle adoption at the federal, state and local levels. The Federal Government provides a personal income tax credit for qualified buyers and plug-in electric vehicles, with a maximum of $7,500, depending on vehicle weight and battery capacity, income levels, and battery sourcing origin. States such as California, Colorado, Delaware, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island offer various rebates, grants, and tax credits to incentivize EV and EVSE purchases.
CESQG
As a Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (“CESQG”), we generate a limited quantity of hazardous waste, mainly solvent contaminated wipes, which are transported to local solid waste facilities. Scrapped electronic boards are transported to a local recycler. A CESQG of hazardous waste is defined as a generator that:
● produces no more than 100 kg (220 lbs.) of hazardous waste per calendar month;
● produces no more than 1 kg (2.2 lbs.) of acute hazardous waste per calendar month;
● never accumulates more than 1,000 kg (2,204 lbs.) of hazardous waste at any one time; and
● never accumulates more than 1 kg (2.2 lbs.) of acute hazardous waste at any one time.
The use of our machinery and equipment must comply with the following applicable laws and regulations, including safety and environmental regulations:
● General Safety for All Employees - Includes health hazard communication, emergency exit plans, electrical safety-related work practices, office safety, and hand-powered tools.
● Technicians and Engineers - Only authorized persons (technicians and engineers) perform product testing and repair in the facility’s production and engineering areas, including those engineers involved in field service work. Regulations include control of hazardous energy and personal protective equipment.
● Logisticians - Includes forklift operations performed only by certified shipping/receiving personnel and material handling and storage.
We fully comply with the general industry category’s environmental regulations applicable to us as a CESQG.
OSHA
We are subject to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as amended (“OSHA”). OSHA establishes specific employer responsibilities, including maintaining a workplace free of recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious injury, compliance with standards promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and various recordkeeping, disclosure and procedural requirements. Multiple standards, including standards for notices of hazards, safety in excavation and demolition work and the handling of asbestos, may apply to our operations. We are in full compliance with OSHA regulations.
NEMA
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (“NEMA”) is the association of electrical equipment and medical imaging manufacturers. NEMA provides a forum for developing technical standards in the industry and users’ best interests, advocating industry policies on legislative and regulatory matters, and collecting, analyzing, and disseminating industry data. All products distributed within the U.S. adhere to the applicable NEMA standards governing such merchandise.
Waste Handling and Disposal
We are subject to laws and regulations regarding the handling and disposal of hazardous substances and solid wastes, including electronic wastes and batteries. These laws generally regulate the generation, storage, treatment, transportation, and disposal of solid and hazardous waste, and may impose strict, joint, and several liability for the investigation and remediation of areas where hazardous substances may have been released or disposed. For instance, CERCLA, also known as the Superfund law, in the United States and comparable state laws impose liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons that contributed to the release of a hazardous substance into the environment. These persons include current and prior owners or operators of the site where the release occurred as well as companies that disposed of or arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances found at the site. Under CERCLA, these persons may be subject to joint and several strict liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies. CERCLA also authorizes the EPA and, in some instances, third parties to act in response to threats to the public health or the environment and to seek to recover from the responsible classes of persons the costs they incur. We may handle hazardous substances within the meaning of CERCLA, or similar state statutes, in the course of ordinary operations and, as a result, may be jointly and severally liable under CERCLA for all or part of the costs required to clean up sites at which these hazardous substances have been released into the environment.
We also generate solid wastes, which may include hazardous wastes that are subject to the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and comparable state statutes. While RCRA regulates both solid and hazardous wastes, it imposes strict requirements on the generation, storage, treatment, transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes. Certain components of our products are excluded from RCRA’s hazardous waste regulations, provided certain requirements are met. However, if these components do not meet all the established requirements for the exclusion, or if the requirements for the exclusion change, we may be required to treat such products as hazardous waste, which are subject to more rigorous and costly disposal requirements. Any such changes in the laws and regulations, or our ability to qualify the materials it uses for exclusions under such laws and regulations, could adversely affect our operating expenses.
Similar laws exist in other jurisdictions where we operate. Additionally, in the EU, we are subject to the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (“WEEE Directive”). The WEEE Directive provides for the creation of a collection scheme where consumers return waste electrical and electronic equipment to merchants, such as Blink Charging. If we fail to properly manage such waste electrical and electronic equipment, it may be subject to fines, sanctions, or other actions that may adversely affect on our financial operations.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, unfair competition and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish, maintain and protect our proprietary rights. Our success depends partly on our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our products, technology and know-how, to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others, and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights.
As of December 31, 2023, we had four active patents issued in the United States (in the name of our subsidiary Ecotality, Inc.). These patents relate to various EV charging station designs. We intend to regularly assess opportunities for seeking patent protection for those aspects of our technology, designs, and methodologies that we believe provide a meaningful competitive advantage. If we cannot do so, our ability to protect our intellectual property or prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights may be impaired.
Human Capital Resources
Our experienced employees and management team are some of our most valuable resources, and we are committed to attracting, motivating, and retaining top talent. As of December 31, 2023, we had 706 employees, including 684 full-time employees. None of our employees are represented by a union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
Our success is directly related to the satisfaction, growth, and development of our employees. We strive to offer a work environment where employee opinions are valued and allow our employees to use and augment their professional skills. To achieve our human capital goals, we intend to remain focused on providing our personnel with entrepreneurial opportunities to expand our business within their areas of expertise and continue to provide our personnel with personal and professional growth. We emphasize several measures and objectives in managing our human capital assets, including, among others, employee safety and wellness, talent acquisition and retention, employee engagement, development and training, diversity and inclusion, and compensation and pay equity.
Diversity and Inclusion and Ethical Business Practices. We believe that a company culture focused on diversity and inclusion is a crucial driver of creativity and innovation. We also believe that diverse and inclusive teams make better business decisions, ultimately driving better business outcomes. We are committed to recruiting, retaining, and developing high-performing, innovative, and engaged employees with diverse backgrounds and experiences. This commitment includes providing equal access to, and participation in, equal employment opportunities, programs, and services without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, disability, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, stereotypes, or assumptions based thereon. We welcome and celebrate our teams’ differences, experiences, and beliefs, and we are investing in a more engaged, diverse, and inclusive workforce.
We also foster a strong corporate culture that promotes high standards of ethics and compliance for our business, including policies that set forth principles to guide employee, officer, director, and vendor conduct, such as our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We also maintain a whistleblower policy and anonymous hotline for the confidential reporting of any suspected policy violations or unethical business conduct on the part of our businesses, employees, officers, directors, or vendors.
Available Information
We maintain a corporate website at www.blinkcharging.com. Our website’s information is not, and will not be deemed, a part of this Annual Report or incorporated into any other filings we make with the SEC. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are made available, free of charge, on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our corporate governance documents, including our code of conduct and ethics, are also available on our website. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we incorporate by reference as identified herein certain information from parts of our proxy statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the SEC and will be available, free of charge, on our website. Reports of our executive officers, directors, and any other persons required to file securities ownership reports under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act are also available on our website.

---

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
In addition to other information in this Annual Report and in other filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating our business as they may have a significant impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. If any of the following risks occurs, our business, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition and future business prospects could be materially and adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could decline. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting our operating results, past financial performance should not be considered as a reliable indicator of future performance and stockholders and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have a history of substantial net losses and expect losses to continue in the future; if we do not achieve and sustain profitability, our financial condition could suffer.
We have experienced substantial net losses, and we expect to continue to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future. We incurred net losses of approximately $203.7 million, $91.6 million and $55.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we had net working capital of approximately $152.0 million and an accumulated deficit of approximately $537.7 million. We have not yet achieved profitability.
If our revenue grows slower than we anticipate, or if our operating expenses are higher than we expect, we may not be able to achieve profitability and our financial condition could suffer. We can give no assurance that we will ever achieve profitable operations. Even if we achieve profitability in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. Whether we can achieve cash flow levels sufficient to support our operations cannot be accurately predicted. We may need to borrow additional funds or sell our equity or debt securities, or some combination of both, to provide funding for our operations in the future. Such additional funding may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
Our revenue growth ultimately depends on consumers’ willingness to adopt electric vehicles in a market that is still in its early stages.
Our growth is highly dependent upon the adoption by consumers of EVs, and we are subject to the risk of reduced demand for EVs. If the market for EVs does not gain broader market acceptance or develops slower than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be harmed. The market for alternative fuel vehicles is relatively new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements, long development cycles for EV original equipment manufacturers, and changing consumer demands and behaviors. Factors that may influence the purchase and use of alternative fuel vehicles, specifically EVs, include:
● perceptions about EV quality, safety (in particular with respect to lithium-ion battery packs), design, performance and cost, especially if adverse events or accidents occur that are linked to the quality or safety of EVs;
● the limited range over which EVs may be driven on a single battery charge and concerns about running out of power while in use;
● limitations in the development of battery technology;
● concerns regarding the stability of the electrical grid;
● improvements in the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine;
● the initial cost of purchasing EVs compared to conventional gas-powered automobiles;
● the number, price and variety of EV models available for purchase;
● consumers’ desire and ability to purchase a luxury automobile or one that is perceived as exclusive;
● EV supply chain disruptions including availability of certain components such as semiconductors, microchips and lithium, availability of batteries and battery materials, and geopolitical and trade issues that may disrupt the EV supply chain;
● the environmental consciousness of consumers;
● volatility in the cost of oil and gasoline;
● consumers’ perceptions of the dependency of the United States on oil from unstable or hostile countries and the impact of international conflicts;
● government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy;
● access to charging stations, standardization of EV charging systems and consumers’ perceptions about convenience and cost to charge an EV; and
● the availability of tax and other governmental incentives to purchase and operate EVs or future regulation requiring increased use of zero emission vehicles.
The influence of any of the factors described above may negatively impact the widespread consumer adoption of EVs, which would materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
We received an SEC subpoena and are cooperating with the SEC.
In July 2023, we received a subpoena from the SEC requesting the production of documentation and other information since January 1, 2020, relating to various subjects, including executive departures, related-party transactions, and EV charging station and other discrete disclosure matters. We intend to fully cooperate with the SEC and are in the process of responding to the subpoena. At this point, we are unable to predict what the timing or the outcome of the SEC investigation may be or what, if any, consequences the SEC investigation may have on us. We can provide no assurances as to the outcome of the SEC investigation.
Changes to corporate average fuel economy standards may negatively impact the EV market, which would adversely affect our business.
As regulatory initiatives have required an increase in the consumption of renewable transportation fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, consumer acceptance of electric and other alternative vehicles is increasing. To meet higher fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emission standards for passenger vehicles, automobile manufacturers are increasingly using technologies, such as turbocharging, direct injection and higher compression ratios, which require high octane gasoline. If fuel efficiency of vehicles continues to rise, and affordability of vehicles using renewable transportation fuels increases, the demand for electric and high energy vehicles could diminish. If consumers no longer purchase EVs, it would materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly.
We expect that our operating results may be subject to substantial quarterly fluctuations. If our quarterly operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. We believe that quarterly comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.
We are unable to predict the ultimate impact of continuing equipment order delays and chip shortages on our business and future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
The Covid-19 pandemic impacted global stock markets, economies and businesses. We continue to receive orders for our products, although some shipments of equipment have been temporarily delayed. The global chip shortage and supply chain disruption has caused some delays in equipment orders from our contract manufacturer. As federal, state, local and foreign economies return to pre-pandemic levels, we expect demand for charging station usage to increase; however, we are unable to predict the extent of such recovery due to the uncertainty of the possible recurrence of Covid-19 or its variants. As a result, we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that continuing equipment order delays and chip shortages will have on our business and our future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
War, terrorism, other acts of violence or natural or man-made disasters may affect the markets in which we operate, our customers, our delivery of products and customer service, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Our business may be adversely affected by instability, disruption or destruction in a geographic region in which we operate, regardless of cause, including war, terrorism, riot, civil insurrection or social unrest, and natural or man-made disasters, including famine, flood, fire, earthquake, storm or pandemic events and spread of disease. Such events may cause customers to suspend their decisions on using our services, make it impossible for us to render our services, cause restrictions, and give rise to sudden significant changes in regional and global economic conditions and cycles. These events also pose significant risks to our personnel and to physical facilities and operations, which could materially adversely affect our financial results.
Further, the current Russia-Ukraine and Middle East conflicts have created extreme volatility in the global financial markets and are expected to have further global economic consequences, including disruptions of the global supply chain and energy markets and heightened volatility of commodity and raw material prices. In addition, recently there has been increasing geopolitical tension between China and Taiwan that may affect future shipments from Taiwan based electronics suppliers for certain of our EV chargers. Any such volatility or disruptions may have adverse consequences for us or the third parties on whom we rely. If the equity and credit markets deteriorate, including as a result of political unrest or war, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain in a timely manner or on favorable terms, more costly or more dilutive. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy, capital markets or commodity and raw material prices resulting from the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, the recent geopolitical tensions between China and Taiwan or any other geopolitical tensions.
We rely on a limited number of vendors for our EV charging equipment and related support services. The loss of any of these partners would negatively affect our business.
We rely on a limited number of vendors for design, testing and manufacturing of EV charging equipment which is generally sole-sourced with respect to components as well as aftermarket maintenance and warranty services. The reliance on a limited number of vendors increases our risks, since we do not currently have proven reliable alternative or replacement vendors beyond these key parties. In the event of production interruptions or supply chain disruptions including but not limited to availability of certain key components such as semiconductors, we may not be able to take advantage of increased production from other sources or develop alternate or secondary vendors without incurring material additional costs and substantial delays. Therefore, our business would be adversely affected if one or more of our vendors is impacted by any interruption at a particular location.
As the demand for public charging increases, the EV charging equipment vendors may not be able to dedicate sufficient supply chain, production or sales channel capacity to keep up with the required pace of charging infrastructure expansion. In addition, as the EV market grows, the industry may be exposed to deteriorating design requirements, undetected faults or the erosion of testing standards by charging equipment and component suppliers, which may adversely impact the performance, reliability and lifecycle cost of the chargers. If we or our suppliers experience a significant increase in demand, or if we need to replace an existing supplier, we may not be able to supplement service or replace them on acceptable terms, which may impact our ability to install chargers in a timely manner. Thus, the loss of any significant vendor would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We may be adversely affected by inflationary or market fluctuations, including impact of tariffs, in the cost of products consumed in providing our services or our cost of labor.
The prices we pay for the principal items we consume in performing our services are dependent primarily on current market prices. We have consolidated certain supply purchases with national vendors through agreements containing negotiated prospective pricing. In the event such vendors are not able to comply with their obligations under the agreements and we are required to seek alternative suppliers, we may incur increased costs of supplies.
EV chargers are impacted by commodity pricing factors, including the impact of tariffs, which in many cases are unpredictable and outside of our control. We seek to pass on to customers such increased costs but sometimes we are unable to do so. Even when we can pass on such costs to our customers, from time to time, sporadic unanticipated increases in the costs of certain supply items due to market or economic conditions may result in a timing delay in passing on such increases to our customers. This type of spike and unanticipated increase in EV charger costs could adversely affect our operating performance, and the adverse effect could be greater if we are delayed in passing on such additional costs to our customers (e.g., where we may not be able to pass such increase on to our customers until the time of our next scheduled service billing review). We seek to mitigate the impact of an unanticipated increase in the cost of such supplies through consolidation of vendors, which increases our ability to obtain more favorable pricing.
Our cost of labor may be influenced by factors in certain market areas. Our hourly employees could be affected by wage rate increases in the federal or state minimum wage rates, wage inflation or local job market adjustments. We do not have a contractual right to automatically pass through all wage rate increases resulting from wage rate inflation or local job market adjustments, and we may be delayed in doing so. Our delay in, or inability to pass such wage increases through to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
We may need additional capital to fund our growing operations but cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain sufficient capital from potential sources, and we may have to limit the scope of our operations or take actions that may dilute your financial interest.
We may need additional capital to fund our growing operations in the future. The proceeds from our existing at-the-market (“ATM”) program and funds from other potential sources, along with our cash and cash equivalents, may not be sufficient to fund our operations for the near future and we may not be able to obtain additional financing. If adequate additional financing is not available on reasonable terms or available at all, we may not be able to undertake expansion or continue our marketing efforts and we would have to modify our business plans accordingly. The extent of our capital needs will depend on numerous factors, including: (i) our profitability; (ii) the release of competitive products and/or services by our competition; (iii) the level of our investment in research and product development; (iv) the amount of our capital expenditures, including acquisitions; and (v) our growth. We cannot be certain that additional funding and incremental working capital will be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, or that it will exist in a timely and/or adequate manner to allow for the proper execution of our near and long-term business strategy. If sufficient funds are not available on terms and conditions acceptable to management and stockholders, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate further development of our business operations.
Even if we obtain requisite financing, it may be on terms not favorable to us, it may be costly and it may require us to agree to covenants or other provisions that will favor new investors over existing stockholders or other restrictions that may adversely affect our business. Additional funding, if obtained, may also result in significant dilution to our stockholders.
We have global operations and face risks related to health crises that could negatively impact our financial condition.
Our business, the businesses of our customers and the businesses of our charging equipment suppliers could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to a pandemic or other health crisis like the recent Covid-19 pandemic. A significant component supplier of our Blink IQ 200 charging station is located in Taiwan and it, in turn, sources assembly parts from China, which has been particularly impacted. A significant or prolonged outbreak of contagious diseases like Covid-19 and its variants in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our EV supply equipment and related networked services and likely impact our operating results. Such events could result in the complete or partial closure of our Taiwan supplier’s manufacturing facility, the interruption of our distribution system, temporary or long-term disruption in our supply chains from Asia and other international suppliers, disruptions, or restrictions on our employees to work or travel, delays in the delivery of our charging stations to customers, and potential claims of exposure to diseases through contact with our charging stations. If the impact of an outbreak continues for an extended period, it could materially adversely impact our supply chain, access to capital and the growth of our revenues.
Climate change may have a long-term impact on our business.
While we seek to partner with organizations that mitigate their business risks associated with climate change, we recognize that there are inherent risks wherever business is conducted. Access to clean water and reliable energy in the communities where we conduct our business, whether for our offices or for our vendors, is a priority. Our major sites in Bowie, Maryland, Los Angeles, California, and Tempe, Arizona are vulnerable to climate change effects. Climate-related events, including the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and their impact on critical infrastructure throughout the United States and in other countries where we have operations, have the potential to disrupt our business, our third-party suppliers and/or the business of our customers, and may cause us to experience higher attrition, losses and additional costs to maintain or resume our EV charging operations.
Computer malware, viruses, hacking, cyberattacks, phishing attacks and spamming that could result in security and privacy breaches and interruption in service could harm our business and our customers.
Computer malware, viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions could lead to interruption and delays in our services and operations and loss, misuse or theft of data. Computer malware, viruses, computer hacking, cyberattacks and phishing attacks against online networking platforms have become more prevalent and may occur on our systems in the future. Any attempts by hackers to disrupt our website service or our internal systems, if successful, could harm our business, be expensive to remedy and damage our reputation or brand. Our network security business disruption insurance may not be sufficient to cover significant expenses and losses related to direct attacks on our website or internal systems. Efforts to prevent hackers from entering our computer systems are expensive to implement and may limit the functionality of our services. Though it is difficult to determine what, if any, harm may directly result from any specific interruption or attack, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security and availability of our products and services and technical infrastructure may harm our reputation, brand and our ability to attract customers. Any significant disruption to our website or internal computer systems could result in a loss of customers and could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We have previously experienced, and may in the future experience, service disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, third-party service providers, human or software errors and capacity constraints. If our mobile application is unavailable when customers attempt to access it or it does not load as quickly as they expect, customers may seek other services.
Our platform functions on software that is highly technical and complex and may now or in the future contain undetected errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Some errors in our software code may only be discovered after the code has been deployed. Any errors, bugs or vulnerabilities discovered in our code after deployment, inability to identify the cause or causes of performance problems within an acceptable period of time or difficultly maintaining and improving the performance of our platform, particularly during peak usage times, could result in damage to our reputation or brand, loss of revenues, or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results.
We expect to continue to make significant investments to maintain and improve the availability of our platform and to enable rapid releases of new features and products. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, upgrade our systems and equipment as needed and continually develop our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology, our business and operating results may be harmed. If we do not make the necessary investments or upgrades to maintain a network capable of operating on current and future generations of broadband cellular network technology, namely the 4G and 5G systems, our business and operating results could be adversely impacted.
We have a disaster recovery program to transition our operating platform and data to an alternative location in the event of a catastrophe. However, there are several factors ranging from human error to data corruption that could materially lengthen the time our platform is partially or fully unavailable to our user base as a result of the transition. If our platform is unavailable for a significant period of time as a result of such a transition, especially during peak periods, we could suffer damage to our reputation or brand, or loss of revenues any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Growing our customer base depends upon the effective operation of our mobile applications with mobile operating systems, networks and standards that we do not control.
We are dependent on the interoperability of our mobile applications with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as Google’s Android and iOS, and any changes in such systems that degrade our products’ functionality or give preferential treatment to competitive products could adversely affect the usage of our applications on mobile devices. Additionally, to deliver high quality mobile products, it is important that our products work well with a range of mobile technologies, systems, networks and standards that we do not control. We may not be successful in developing relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in developing products that operate effectively with these technologies, systems, networks or standards.
If we are unable to keep up with advances in EV technology, we may suffer a decline in our competitive position. The EV industry is characterized by rapid technological change. If we are unable to keep up with changes in EV technology, our competitive position may deteriorate which would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. As technologies change, we plan to upgrade or adapt our EV charging stations and Blink Networks’ software in order to continue to provide EV charging services with the latest technology. However, due to our limited cash resources, our efforts to do so may be limited. Any failure of our charging stations to compete effectively with other manufacturers’ charging stations will harm our business, operating results and prospects.
We need to manage growth in operations to realize our growth potential and achieve expected revenues; our failure to manage growth could disrupt our operations and ultimately prevent us from generating the revenues we expect.
To take advantage of the growth that we anticipate in our current and potential markets, we believe that we must expand our marketing operations. This expansion will place a significant strain on our management and our operational, accounting, and information systems. We expect to continue improving our financial controls, operating procedures and management information systems. We will also need to effectively train, motivate and manage our employees. Our failure to manage our growth could disrupt our operations and ultimately prevent us from generating the revenues we expect.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned targets, the general strategies of our company are to maintain and search for hard-working employees who have innovative initiatives, as well as to keep a close eye on expansion opportunities through merger and/or acquisition.
Our recently announced strategic plan emphasizes achieving positive adjusted EBITDA by December 2024, but there is no assurance that we will achieve such target.
Our recently announced strategic plan to achieve positive adjusted EBITDA by December 2024 is subject to many variables. No assurance can be given that we will be able to achieve that target. Factors that may impact our ability to achieve positive adjusted EBITDA by December 2024 include:
● inconsistent and unpredictable net cash flow;
● lack of revenue growth;
● inability to control operating costs;
● a decrease in our stock price;
● inability to raise growth capital; and
● restrictions on our operations due to regulations and other disruptions.
The severity of the factors described above may adversely impact our target to achieve positive adjusted EBITDA by December 2024. In the event that we do not achieve our target, we may become reliant on borrowing additional funds or selling our equity or debt securities, or some combination of both. Such additional funding may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, we may not be able to pursue our current business strategy such as pursuing strategic alliances, expanding into new markets or investing in the development of new technologies.
We may be unable to successfully integrate recent acquisitions in a cost-effective and non-disruptive manner.
Our success depends on our ability to grow our business and enhance and broaden our product offerings in response to changing customer demands, competitive pressures and advances in technologies. We continue to search for viable acquisition candidates or strategic alliances that would expand our market opportunity and/or global presence. Accordingly, we have previously and may in the future pursue the acquisition of, investments in or joint ventures relating to, new businesses, products or technologies as a part of our growth strategy instead of developing them internally. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to manage the expanded business following these transactions, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs and complexity associated with our acquisitions of SemaConnect, Electric Blue and Envoy Technologies, as well as future acquisitions. Other risks involving potential future and completed acquisitions and strategic investments include:
● risks associated with conducting due diligence;
● problems integrating the purchased businesses, products and technologies;
● inability to achieve the anticipated synergies and overpaying for acquisitions or unanticipated costs associated with acquisitions;
● invalid sales assumptions for potential acquisitions;
● issues maintaining uniform standards, procedures, controls and policies;
● diversion of management’s attention from our core business;
● adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers, distributors and customers;
● risks associated with entering new markets in which we have limited or no experience;
● potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses; and
● increased legal, accounting and compliance costs.
We compete with other companies for these opportunities, and we may be unable to consummate such acquisitions or joint ventures on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, acquired businesses may have ongoing or potential liabilities, legal claims (including tort and/or personal injury claims) or adverse operating issues that we fail to discover through due diligence prior to the acquisition.
Even if we are aware of such liabilities, claims or issues, we may not be able to accurately estimate the magnitude of the related liabilities and damages. In particular, to the extent that prior owners of any acquired businesses or properties failed to comply with or otherwise violated applicable laws or regulations, failed to fulfill their contractual obligations to their customers, or failed to satisfy legal obligations to employees or third parties, we, as the successor, may be financially responsible for these violations and failures and may suffer reputational harm or otherwise be adversely affected. Acquisitions also frequently result in the recording of goodwill and other intangible assets which are subject to potential impairment in the future that could harm our financial results. If we were to issue additional equity in connection with such acquisitions, this may dilute our stockholders.
We have limited insurance coverage for various liabilities and damages, including potential injuries, and such insurance coverage may not be adequate in a catastrophic situation.
We hold employer liability insurance generally covering death or work-related injury of employees. We hold product and general liability insurance covering certain incidents involving third parties that occur on or in the premises of our company. We maintain business interruption insurance for key locations. Our insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover any claim for product liability, damage to our fixed assets, inventory or employee injuries. Any liability or damage to, or caused by, our facilities or our personnel beyond our insurance coverage may result in our incurring substantial costs and a diversion of resources.
Our future success depends on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel.
Our future success depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Expansion of our business and the management and operation of our company will require additional managers and employees with industry experience, and our success will be highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain skilled management personnel and other employees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain highly qualified personnel. As our industry continues to evolve, competition for skilled personnel with the requisite experience will be significant. This competition may make it more difficult and expensive to attract, hire and retain qualified managers and employees.
We are in a highly competitive EV charging services industry and there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete with many of our competitors which are larger and have greater financial resources.
We face strong competition from competitors in the EV charging services industry, including competitors who could duplicate our model. Many of these competitors may have substantially greater financial, marketing and development resources and other capabilities than us. In addition, there are very few barriers to entry into the market for our services. There can be no assurance, therefore, that any of our current and future competitors, many of whom may have far greater resources, will not independently develop services that are substantially equivalent or superior to our services. Therefore, an investment in our company is very risky and speculative due to the competitive environment in which we may operate.
Our competitors may be able to provide customers with different or greater capabilities or benefits than we can provide in areas such as technical qualifications, past contract performance, geographic presence and driver price. Further, many of our competitors may be able to utilize substantially greater resources and economies of scale to develop competing products and technologies, divert sales away from us by winning broader contracts or hire away our employees by offering more lucrative compensation packages. In the event that the market for EV charging stations expands, we expect that competition will intensify as additional competitors enter the market and current competitors expand their product lines. In order to secure contracts successfully when competing with larger, well-financed companies, we may be forced to agree to contractual terms that provide for lower aggregate payments to us over the life of the contract, which could adversely affect our margins. Our failure to compete effectively with respect to any of these or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results.
If a third party asserts that we are infringing upon its intellectual property rights, whether successful or not, it could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses, and our business may be harmed.
The EV and EV charging industries are characterized by the existence of many patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets. As we face increasing competition, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us grows. Our technologies may not be able to withstand any third-party claims or rights against their use. Additionally, although we have acquired from other companies’ proprietary technology covered by patents, we cannot be certain that any such patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Intellectual property infringement claims against us could harm our relationships with our customers, may deter future customers from subscribing to our services or could expose us to litigation with respect to these claims. Even if we are not a party to any litigation involving a customer and third party, an adverse outcome in any such litigation could make it more difficult for us to defend our intellectual property in any subsequent litigation in which we are a named party. Any of these results could harm our brand and operating results.
Any intellectual property rights claim against us or our customers, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle and could divert management resources and attention. An adverse determination also could prevent us from offering our services to our customers and may require that we procure or develop substitute services that do not infringe.
With respect to any intellectual property rights claim against us or our customers, we may have to pay damages or stop using technology found to be in violation of a third party’s rights. We may have to seek a license for the technology, which may not be available on reasonable terms, may significantly increase our operating expenses or require us to restrict our business activities in one or more respects. The technology also may not be available for license to us at all. As a result, we may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense.
The success of our business depends in large part on our ability to protect our proprietary information and technology and enforce our intellectual property rights against third parties.
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, service mark, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which provide only limited protection. We cannot assure you that any patents will issue with respect to our currently pending patent applications, in a manner that gives us the protection that we seek, if at all, or that any future patents issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Our currently issued patents and any patents that may be issued in the future with respect to pending or future patent applications may not provide sufficiently broad protection, or they may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers. Also, we cannot assure you that any future service mark registrations will be issued with respect to pending or future applications or that any registered service marks will be enforceable or provide adequate protection of our proprietary rights.
We endeavor to enter into agreements with our employees and contractors and agreements with parties with whom we do business to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology or the reverse engineering of our technology. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies that are competitive with ours or infringe our intellectual property. The enforcement of our intellectual property rights also depends on our legal actions against these infringers being successful, but we cannot be sure these actions will be successful, even when our rights have been infringed.
Further, effective patents, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our services are available over the Internet. In addition, the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights in EV-related industries are uncertain and still evolving.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
Filing, prosecuting and defending all current and future patents in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States can be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing on our inventions in all countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and, further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products may compete with our product candidates, and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.
The legal systems of many foreign countries do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights. For example, some foreign countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, some countries limit the enforceability of patents against third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license. If we or any of our licensors is forced to grant a license to third parties with respect to any patents relevant to our business, our competitive position may be impaired, and our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may be adversely affected.
The risk of loss of our intellectual property, trade secrets or other sensitive business or customer confidential information, and disruption of operations due to cyberattacks or data breaches could negatively impact our financial results.
Cyberattacks or data breaches could compromise confidential, business-critical information, cause disruptions in our operations, expose us to potential litigation or harm our reputation. We have important assets, including intellectual property, trade secrets, and other sensitive business-critical and/or confidential information which may be vulnerable to such incidents. While we have a comprehensive cybersecurity program that is continually reviewed, maintained and upgraded, we cannot assure that we are invulnerable to cyberattacks and data breaches which, if significant, could negatively impact our business and financial results.
Risks Related to Legal Matters and Regulations
Changes to existing federal, state or international laws or regulations applicable to us could cause an erosion of our current competitive strengths.
Our business is subject to a variety of federal, state and international laws and regulations, including those with respect to government incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy, electric vehicles and others. These laws and regulations, and the interpretation or application of these laws and regulations, could change. Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes, fiscal tightening or other reasons may result in diminished revenues from government sources and diminished demand for our products. In addition, new laws or regulations affecting our business could be enacted. These laws and regulations are frequently costly to comply with and may divert a significant portion of management’s attention. If we fail to comply with these applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant liabilities which could adversely affect our business.
There are many federal, state and international laws that may affect our business, including measures to regulate EVs and charging systems. If we fail to comply with these applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant liabilities which could adversely affect our business.
There are a number of significant matters under review and discussion with respect to government regulations which may affect our business and/or harm our customers, and thereby adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to government and regulatory agency activity, ESG and privacy advocacy groups, the technology industry, and other industries have established or may establish various new, additional, or different self-regulatory standards that may place additional burdens on technology companies. Customers may expect that we will meet voluntary certifications or adhere to other standards established by them or third parties. If we are unable to maintain these certifications or meet these standards, it could reduce demand for our solutions and adversely affect our business.
Privacy concerns and laws, or other domestic or foreign regulations, may adversely affect our business.
We are currently subject, and/or may in the future be subject, to numerous privacy and data security laws. For example, some U.S. states, members of the European Economic Area, the United Kingdom, and many other jurisdictions in which we operate have adopted some form of privacy and data security laws and regulations which impose significant compliance obligations.
The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), the Colorado Privacy Act (“CPA”), and the Connecticut Act Concerning Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring (“CDPA”) exemplify the vulnerability of our business to the evolving regulatory environment related to personal data. Management’s attention may be diverted, and our compliance costs and potential liability may increase as a result of additional national and international regulatory requirements related to data privacy and data security.
Failure to comply with anticorruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”), and similar laws associated with activities outside of the United States, could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, the Anti-Bribery Act, and possibly other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which it conducts activities. It faces significant risks if it fails to comply with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws that prohibit companies and their employees and third-party intermediaries from promising, authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to foreign government officials, political parties and private-sector recipients for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to any person or securing any advantage. Any violation of the FCPA, other applicable anti-corruption laws, and anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, or severe criminal or civil sanctions, which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results, and prospects. In addition, ensuring compliance may be costly and time-consuming, and responding to any enforcement action may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources, significant defense costs, and other professional fees.
Existing and future environmental health and safety laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating costs or construction costs and restrictions. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in substantial fines or other limitations that may adversely impact our financial results or the results of operation.
We and our operations, as well as those of our contractors, suppliers, and customers, are subject to certain environmental laws and regulations, including laws related to the use, handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes as well as electronic wastes and hardware, whether hazardous or not. These laws may require us or others in our value chain to obtain permits and comply with procedures that impose various restrictions and obligations that may have material effects on our operations. If key permits and approvals cannot be obtained on acceptable terms, or if other operational requirements cannot be met in a manner satisfactory for our operations or on a timeline that meets our commercial obligations, it may adversely impact our business.
Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be complex and may be subject to change, such as through new requirements enacted at the supranational, national, sub-national, and/or local level or new or modified regulations that may be implemented under existing law. The nature and extent of any changes in these laws, rules, regulations, and permits may be unpredictable and may have material effects on our business. Future legislation and regulations or changes in existing legislation and regulations, or interpretations thereof, including those relating to hardware manufacturing, electronic waste, or batteries, could cause additional expenditures, restrictions, and delays in connection with our operations as well as other future projects, the extent of which cannot be predicted.
Further, we currently rely on third parties to ensure compliance with certain environmental laws, including those related to the disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Any failure to properly handle or dispose of such wastes, regardless of whether such failure is ours or our contractors, may result in liability under environmental laws, including, but not limited to, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), under which liability may be imposed without regard to fault or degree of contribution for the investigation and clean-up of contaminated sites, as well as impacts to human health and damages to natural resources. Additionally, we may not be able to secure contracts with third parties to continue their key supply chain and disposal services for our business, which may result in increased costs for compliance with environmental laws and regulations.
The enactment of legislation implementing changes in tax legislation or policies in different geographic jurisdictions including the United States and several European countries could materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We conduct business globally and file income tax returns in multiple jurisdictions. Our consolidated effective income tax rate could be materially adversely affected by several factors, including: changing tax laws, regulations and treaties, or the interpretation thereof (such as the United States Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 which, among other changes, introduced a 15% corporate minimum tax on certain United States corporations and a 1% excise tax on certain stock redemptions by United States corporations); tax policy initiatives and reforms under consideration (such as those related to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, or BEPS, project, the European Commission’s state aid investigations and other initiatives); the practices of tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate; the resolution of issues arising from tax audits or examinations and any related interest or penalties. Such changes may include (but are not limited to) the taxation of operating income, investment income, dividends received or (in the specific context of withholding tax) dividends, royalties and interest paid.
We are unable to predict what tax reforms may be proposed or enacted in the future or what effect such changes would have on our business, but such changes, to the extent they are brought into tax legislation, regulations, policies or practices in jurisdictions in which we operate, could increase the estimated tax liability that we have expensed to date and paid or accrued on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, and otherwise affect our future results of operations, cash flows in a particular period and overall or effective tax rates in the future in countries where we have operations, reduce post-tax returns to our shareholders and increase the complexity, burden and cost of tax compliance.
Our failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis.
As disclosed under Item 9A., Controls and Procedures, management concluded that material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting existed as of December 31, 2023. Management identified information technology deficiencies in the design and implementation of change management and user access controls over financial IT applications and underlying records that: support the Company’s financial reporting processes, impact automated process-level and manual controls, and provide the assurance that the data produced by these systems is complete and accurate. The access issues relate to appropriate segregation of duties that would adequately restrict user and privileged access to the financially relevant applications and underlying records to the appropriate Company personnel. Management has considered the IT deficiencies to be a material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. During 2023, management reported a material weakness related to the operational effectiveness of its internal controls related to review of the impairment and allocation of goodwill and intangible assets.
Our failure to maintain appropriate and effective internal controls over our financial reporting could result in misstatements in our financial statements and potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities and could cause us to delay the filing of required reports with the SEC and our reporting of financial results. Any of these events could result in a decline in the market price of our common stock. Although we have taken steps to maintain our internal control structure as required, we cannot guarantee that a control deficiency will not result in a misstatement in the future. See “Item 9A - Controls and Procedures - Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” for further information on material weaknesses.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as discussed under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included elsewhere in this Annual Report and in our consolidated financial statements included herein. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, impairment of goodwill, indefinite-lived and long-lived assets, pension and other post-retirement benefits, product warranty, valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, valuation of common stock warrants, and share-based compensation. Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
Our common stock price fluctuated significantly in 2023 and is likely to continue to fluctuate from its current level in 2024.
The market price of shares of our common stock fluctuated significantly in 2023 and is likely to continue to fluctuate from its current level in 2024. During 2023 and through March 15, 2024, for example, the closing price of our shares ranged from a low of $2.24 per share to a high of $15.00 per share and, as of March 15, 2024, our stock price was $2.92 per share. Future announcements concerning the introduction of new products, services or technologies or changes in product pricing policies by us or our competitors or changes in earnings estimates by analysts, among other factors, could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially. Also, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume volatility in the last year. This volatility has had a substantial effect on the market prices of securities of many public companies for reasons frequently unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies. These broad market fluctuations may also cause declines in the market price of our common stock. Investors seeking short-term liquidity should be aware that we cannot provide assurance that our stock price will increase to previously higher levels.
A possible “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand of our common stock that largely exceeds supply may lead to further price volatility in our common stock.
Investors may purchase shares of our common stock to hedge existing exposure in our common stock or to speculate on the price of our common stock. Speculation on the price of our common stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of shares of our common stock available for purchase in the open market, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase our common stock for delivery to lenders of our common stock. Those repurchases may, in turn, dramatically increase the price of our common stock until investors with short exposure are able to purchase additional shares of common stock to cover their short position. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.” A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in shares of our common stock that are not directly correlated to the performance or prospects of our company and once investors purchase the shares necessary to cover their short position the price of our common stock may decline. We believe that the recent volatility in our common stock may be due, in part, to short squeezes that may be temporarily increasing the price of our common stock, which could result in a loss of some or all of your investment in our common stock.
We have a number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants and stock options, an ATM common stock program in place and possible issuance of stock from the acquisition of Envoy Technologies by our subsidiary; the issuance of such shares could have a significant dilutive impact on our stockholders.
As of March 12, 2024, we had outstanding warrants to purchase 1,145,914 shares of common stock and stock options to purchase 936,245 shares of common stock. Our Articles of Incorporation authorize us to issue up to 500 million shares of common stock, which would permit us to issue up to an additional approximately 400 million authorized, unissued shares of common stock, after giving effect to the approximate number of shares of common stock currently outstanding and the number of shares reserved for issuance under warrants and stock options.
In connection with the acquisition of Envoy Technologies by our Blink Mobility subsidiary in April 2023, we agreed, in the event Blink Mobility fails to satisfy its deferred payment obligation by April 18, 2025 by issuing its shares (following an initial public offering) or making a cash payment to the former stockholders of Envoy Technologies in an amount of up to $21,000, to issue shares of our common stock (or, at our option, pay in cash or a combination thereof) to such former Envoy Technologies stockholders. The payment of shares of our common stock, if any, would be based on the average of the daily-weighted average prices for such stock on each of the 60 days ending on the day prior to issuance, and such shares would be subject to a leak-out agreement for a period of 120 days following the issuance whereby recipients of such stock may sell no more than up to 1% of such stock held by such recipient on any trading day and up to 20% of such stock during any given month. Accordingly, we may issue a substantial number of additional shares of common stock in the future, which would dilute the percentage ownership held by existing stockholders.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock on the public market could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. If there are more shares of common stock offered for sale than buyers are willing to purchase, then the market price of our common stock may decline to a market price at which buyers are willing to purchase the offered shares of common stock and sellers remain willing to sell the shares.
Our Articles of Incorporation grant our Board the power to issue additional shares of common and preferred stock and to designate series of preferred stock, all without stockholder approval.
We are authorized to issue 540,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which 40,000,000 shares are authorized as preferred stock. Our Board, without any action by our stockholders, may designate and issue shares of preferred stock in such series as it deems appropriate and establish the rights, preferences and privileges of such shares, including dividends, liquidation and voting rights, provided it is consistent with Nevada law.
The rights of holders of our preferred stock that may be issued could be superior to the rights of holders of our shares of common stock. The designation and issuance of shares of capital stock having preferential rights could adversely affect other rights appurtenant to shares of our common stock. Further, any issuances of additional stock (common or preferred) will dilute the percentage of ownership interest of then-current holders of our capital stock and may dilute our book value per share.
Certain provisions of our corporate governing documents and Nevada law could discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition at a premium price.
Certain provisions of our organizational documents and Nevada law could discourage potential acquisition proposals, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, or limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. For example, our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as amended, permit us to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and, with respect to each series, to fix the number of shares constituting the series and the designation of the series, the voting powers (if any) of the shares of the series, and the preferences and relative, participating, optional, and other special rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the shares of the series.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will, to some extent, depend on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us from time to time should downgrade our shares or change their opinion of our business prospects, our share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.
Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist shareholders, and such activism could impact the trading value of our securities.
Shareholders may, from time to time, engage in proxy solicitations or advance shareholder proposals, or otherwise attempt to effect changes and assert influence on our Board and management. Activist campaigns that contest or conflict with our strategic direction or seek changes in the composition of our Board could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. A proxy contest would require us to incur significant legal and advisory fees, proxy solicitation expenses and administrative and associated costs and require significant time and attention by our Board and management, diverting their attention from the pursuit of our business strategy. Any perceived uncertainties as to our future direction and control, our ability to execute on our strategy, or changes to the composition of our Board or senior management team arising from a proxy contest could lead to the perception of a change in the direction of our business or instability which may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, make it more difficult to pursue our strategic initiatives, or limit our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. If individuals are ultimately elected to our Board with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively implement our business strategy and create additional value for our shareholders. We may choose to initiate, or may become subject to, litigation as a result of a proxy contest or matters arising from a proxy contest, which would serve as a further distraction to our Board and management and would require us to incur significant additional costs. In addition, actions such as those described above could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based upon temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.
We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, and you must rely on increases in the market price of our common stock for returns on your investment.
For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock. Accordingly, stockholders must be prepared to rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which may never occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our Board and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors the Board deems relevant.

---

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
Not applicable.

---

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
We maintain our principal executive offices and international headquarters at 5081 Howerton Way, Suite A, Bowie, Maryland 20715.
In addition, we lease office spaces in Tempe, Arizona; Bowie, Maryland; Los Angeles, California; Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Antwerp, Belgium; St Albans, England; Israel; and India (Delhi and Bangalore), from which we operate our current business.

---

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We have been party to certain legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have been incidental to our business. Certain of the claims that have been made against us allege, among other things, breach of contract or breach of express and implied warranties with regard to our products. Although litigation is inherently uncertain, and we believe we are insured against many such instances, based on past experience and the information currently available, management does not believe that any currently pending and threatened litigation or claims will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations. However, future events or circumstances, currently unknown to management, will determine whether the resolution of pending or threatened litigation or claims will ultimately have a material effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations in any future reporting periods.
On August 24, 2020, a purported securities class action lawsuit, captioned Bush v. Blink Charging Co. et al., Case No. 20-cv-23527, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida against the Company, Michael Farkas (Blink’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer), and Michael Rama (Blink’s Chief Financial Officer) (the “Bush Lawsuit”). On September 1, 2020, another purported securities class action lawsuit, captioned Vittoria v. Blink Charging Co. et al., Case No. 20-cv-23643, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida against the same defendants and seeking to recover the same alleged damages (the “Vittoria Lawsuit”). On October 1, 2020, the court consolidated the Vittoria Lawsuit with the Bush Lawsuit and on December 21, 2020 the court appointed Tianyou Wu, Alexander Yu and H. Marc Joseph to serve as the Co-Lead Plaintiffs. The Co-Lead Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint on February 19, 2021. The Amended Complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants made false or misleading statements about the size and functionality of the Blink Network and asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Amended Complaint does not quantify damages but seeks to recover damages on behalf of investors who purchased or otherwise acquired Blink’s common stock between March 6, 2020 and August 19, 2020. On April 20, 2021, Blink and the other defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint. On November 27, 2023, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss. The court dismissed Co-Lead Plaintiffs’ claims relating to the size of Blink’s charging network and denied the remainder of the motion to dismiss. On December 15, 2023, the court entered a scheduling order, setting the case for trial starting on February 24, 2025, among other things. Defendants answered the Amended Complaint on December 18, 2023. The parties are engaged in discovery and have scheduled a mediation for April 3, 2024. The Company wholly and completely disputes the allegations therein. The Company has retained legal counsel to defend the action vigorously. The Company has not recorded an accrual related to this matter as of December 31, 2023 as it determined that any such loss contingency was either not probable or estimable.
On September 15, 2020, a shareholder derivative lawsuit, captioned Klein (derivatively on behalf of Blink Charging Co.) v. Farkas et al., Case No. 20- 19815CA01, was filed in Miami-Dade County Circuit Court seeking to pursue claims belonging to the Company against Blink’s Board of Directors and Michael Rama (the “Klein Lawsuit”). Blink is named as a nominal defendant. The Klein Lawsuit asserts that the Director defendants caused Blink to make the statements that are at issue in the securities class action and, as a result, the Company will incur costs defending against the consolidated Bush Lawsuit and other unidentified investigations. The Klein Lawsuit asserts claims against the Director defendants for breach of fiduciary duties and corporate waste and against all of the defendants for unjust enrichment. Klein did not quantify the alleged damages in his complaint, but he seeks damages sustained by the Company as a result of the defendants’ breaches of fiduciary duties, corporate governance changes, restitution, and disgorgement of profits from the defendants and attorneys’ fees and other litigation expenses.
On December 23, 2020, another shareholder derivative action, captioned Bhatia (derivatively on behalf of Blink Charging Co.) v. Farkas et al., Case No. 20-27632CA01, was filed in Miami-Dade County Circuit Court against the same defendants sued in the Klein Lawsuit and asserting similar claims, as well as additional claims relating to the Company’s nomination, appointment and hiring of minorities and women and the Company’s decision to retain its outside auditor (the “Bhatia Lawsuit”). On April 11, 2023, the court consolidated the Bhatia action with the Klein action and dismissed the Bhatia action with prejudice. At the parties’ request, the court has stayed all proceedings until the completion of fact discovery in the Bush Lawsuit or any of the parties gives a 10-day notice that they no longer consent to the voluntary stay. The Company wholly and completely disputes the allegations therein. The Company has retained legal counsel to defend the action vigorously. The Company has not recorded an accrual related to this matter as of December 31, 2023 as it determined that any such loss contingency was either not probable or estimable.
On February 7, 2022, another shareholder derivative lawsuit, captioned McCauley (derivatively on behalf of Blink Charging Co.) v. Farkas et al., Case No. A-22-847894-C, was filed in the Eighth Judicial District Court in Clark County, Nevada, seeking to pursue claims belonging to the Company against six of Blink’s directors and Michael Rama (the “McCauley Lawsuit”). Blink is named as a nominal defendant. The complaint filed in the McCauley Lawsuit asserts similar allegations to the Klein Lawsuit relating to the statements at issue in the securities class action and asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment. The McCauley Lawsuit seeks both injunctive and monetary relief from the individual defendants, as well as an award of attorneys’ fees and costs. On March 29, 2022, the Nevada court approved the parties’ stipulation to temporarily stay the McCauley Lawsuit, which expired automatically upon the ruling on the motion to dismiss in the Bush Lawsuit. On December 13, 2023, the Nevada court approved the parties’ stipulation to continue the stay until the close of fact discovery in the Bush Lawsuit or any of the parties gives a 10-day notice that they no longer consent to the voluntary stay. The Company has not recorded an accrual related to this matter as of December 31, 2023 as it determined that any such loss contingency was either not probable or estimable.

---

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
PART II

---

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information
Our shares of common stock are traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BLNK.”
Security Holders
As of March 15, 2024, we had approximately 388 stockholders of record and a greater number of beneficial holders for whom shares are held in a “nominee” or “street” name.
The closing price of our common stock on March 15, 2024 was $2.92 per share, as reported by The Nasdaq Capital Market.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, contractual limitations and other factors that our Board may deem relevant.
Stock Performance Graph
The following shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any of the Company’s other public filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.
The following stock performance graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return of the Company’s common stock with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 index and the Russell 2000 index for the last five fiscal years. The graph assumes the investment of $100 in our common stock and each of such indices on December 31, 2018 and the reinvestment of dividends, as applicable.
Company/Index December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023
Blink Charging Co. $ 100 $ 108 $ 2,485 $ 1,541 $ 638 $ 197
S&P 500 $ 100 $ 131 $ 156 $ 200 $ 164 $ 207
Russell 2000 $ 100 $ 126 $ 151 $ 173 $ 138 $ 161

---

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

---

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This section generally discusses the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the SEC on March 14, 2023. Our discussion includes forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”
Any one or more of these uncertainties, risks and other influences, could materially affect our results of operations and whether forward-looking statements made by us ultimately prove to be accurate. Our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. Except as required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events or otherwise.
U.S. dollars are reported in thousands, except for share and per share amounts.
Overview
We are a leading manufacturer, owner, operator and provider of electric vehicle (“EV”) charging equipment and networked EV charging services in the continuously growing U.S. and international markets for EVs. Blink offers residential and commercial EV charging equipment and services, enabling EV drivers to recharge at various location types. Blink’s principal line of products and services is its Blink EV charging network (the “Blink Networks”) and Blink EV charging equipment, also known as electric vehicle supply equipment (“EVSE”) and other EV-related services. The Blink Networks are a proprietary, cloud-based system that operates, maintains, and manages Blink charging stations and handles the associated charging data, back-end operations, and payment processing. The Blink Networks provide property owners, managers, parking companies, state and municipal entities, and other types of commercial customers, (“Property Partners”) with cloud-based services that enable the remote monitoring and management of EV charging stations. The Blink Networks also provide EV drivers with vital station information, including station location, availability and fees.
To capture more revenues derived from providing EV charging equipment to commercial customers and to help differentiate Blink in the EV infrastructure market, Blink offers Property Partners a comprehensive range of solutions for EV charging equipment and services that generally fall into one of the business models below, differentiated by who own the equipment and who bears the costs of installation, equipment, and maintenance, and the percentage of revenue shared.
● In our Blink-owned turnkey business model, we incur the charging equipment and installation costs. We own and operate the EV charging station and provide connectivity of the charging station to the Blink Networks. In this model, which favors recurring revenues, we incur most costs associated with the EV charging stations; thus, we retain substantially all EV charging revenues after deducting network connectivity and processing fees. Our agreement with the Property Partner typically lasts seven years with extensions that can bring to 21 years.
● In our Blink-owned hybrid business model, we incur the charging equipment costs while the Property Partner incurs the installation costs. We own and operate the EV charging station and provide connectivity to the Blink Networks. In this model, since the Property Partner incurs the installation, we share a more generous portion of the EV charging revenues with the Property Partner after deducting Blink network connectivity and processing fees. Our agreement with the Property Partner lasts five years with extensions that can bring the term to 15 years.
● In our host-owned business model, the Property Partner purchases, owns and operates the Blink EV charging station and incurs the installation costs. We work with the Property Partner by providing site recommendations, connectivity to the Blink Networks, payment processing, and optional maintenance services. In this model, the Property Partner retains and keeps all the EV charging revenues after deducting Blink network connectivity and processing fees.
● In our Blink-as-a-Service model, we own and operate the EV charging station, while the Property Partner incurs the installation costs. The Property Partner pays us a fixed monthly fee for the service and keeps all the EV charging revenues after deducting Blink network connectivity and processing fees. Typically, our agreement with the Property owner typically lasts five years.
We also own and operate EV car-sharing and ride-sharing programs through our wholly owned subsidiary, Blink Mobility. These programs allow customers to share electric vehicles through subscription services and charge those cars through our charging stations.
In pursuit of our commitment to fostering the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) through the establishment and management of EV charging infrastructure on a global scale, we remain steadfast in our dedication to mitigating climate change. This dedication is evidenced by our efforts to diminish greenhouse gas emissions stemming from gasoline-powered vehicles With the goal of being a leader in the build-out of EV charging infrastructure and maximizing our share of the EV charging market, we have established strategic commercial, municipal, and retail partnerships across industry verticals and encompassing numerous transit/destination locations, including airports, auto dealers, healthcare/medical, hotels, mixed-use, municipal sites, multifamily residential and condos, parks and recreation areas, parking lots, religious institutions, restaurants, retailers, schools and universities, stadiums, supermarkets, transportation hubs, and workplace locations.
In 2023, we entered into agreements with significant new customers, including the United States Postal Service (USPS), Mack Trucks, McArthurGlen, BluePoint, Mike Albert Fleet Solutions, Royal Farms, John Henry General Store, Moberly Motor Company, Arcos Dorados (McDonald’s Puerto Rico), AAA, Allegiant Stadium (Las Vegas), Village of Tuckahoe (NY), Miami Beach (FL), Metropolitan Government of Nashville-Davidson County, and Salt Lake City International Airport, that expand our potential for unit sales and deployments. Similarly, in 2022, we entered into agreements with several new significant customers, including Mitsubishi, Cushman & Wakefield, Triple J, Q-Park, Best Buy, UBS, Bosch Mexico, Porsche Puerto Rico and Guatemala, Veris Residential, Greystar, Cambium, and the cities of Atlanta (GA), Rockford (IL), Newton (IA), and Winslow (NJ), Leeds (UK).
As of December 31, 2023, we sold or deployed 89,825 chargers, of which 72,418 were in the Blink Networks (244 Level 1 publicly accessible commercial chargers, 44,673 Level 2 publicly accessible commercial chargers, 5,569 Level 2 private commercial chargers, 667 DC Fast Charging EV publicly accessible chargers, 36 DC Fast Charging EV private chargers, and 525 residential Level 2 Blink EV chargers, inclusive of 20,704 chargers pending to be commissioned). Included in the Blink Networks are 5,150 chargers owned by us. The remaining 17,407 were non-networked, on other networks or international sales or deployments (761 Level 2 commercial chargers, 16 DC Fast Charging chargers, 12,224 residential Level 2 Blink EV chargers, 2,938 sold to other U.S. networks and 1,468 sold internationally). The charger units noted above are net of swap-out or replacement units.
As reflected in our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $121,691, working capital of $152,033 and an accumulated deficit of $537,723. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of $203,693, $91,560 and $55,119, respectively. We have not yet achieved profitability.
Recent Developments
February 2023 Underwritten Public Offering
In February 2023, we completed an underwritten registered public offering of 8,333,333 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $12.00 per share. We received approximately $100,000 in gross proceeds from the public offering, and approximately $95,000 in net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses paid by us. In addition, the underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,249,999 shares of common stock from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The public offering was made pursuant to our automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 ASR filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021, and prospectus supplement dated February 8, 2023. Barclays acted as the sole book-running manager for the offering. H.C. Wainwright & Co., Roth Capital Partners and ThinkEquity acted as co-managers for the offering.
Acquisition
On April 18, 2023, the Company, Mobility and Mobility Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Mobility (“Merger Sub”), entered into and, after all parties met the closing conditions, consummated the transactions contemplated under an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2023 (the “Acquisition Agreement”), with Envoy Technologies. Pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Envoy Technologies, whereupon the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub ceased, and Envoy Technologies was the surviving corporation of the merger and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mobility (the “Acquisition”).
Under the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, the acquisition consideration was up to $35,500, paid as follows: (i) $6,000 in cash paid upon the closing of the Acquisition Agreement (the “Closing”); (ii) a promissory note of Blink Mobility in the principal amount of $5,000 which bears interest at a rate of 6% per annum and becomes due 12 months from Closing; (iii) a promissory note of Blink Mobility in the principal amount of $2,000 which bears interest at a rate of 6% per annum and becomes due 18 months from Closing; and (iv)(a) in the event of an initial public offering or direct listing of Mobility or Mobility’s successor within 24 months after the Closing (and shares of common stock of the Company are not issued in lieu thereof), $18,500, $21,000 or $22,500 worth of shares of common stock of Mobility or Mobility’s successor, depending on the timing of such offering or listing, (b) in the event there is no initial public offering or direct listing of Mobility or Mobility’s successor within 24 months after the Closing, $21,000 worth of shares of common stock of the Company, or (c) at the Company’s option, a combination of cash and common stock of the Company with an aggregate value of $21,000.
The aggregate purchase price was $30,900 as well as the assumption of working capital deficit of $1,595 (which included closing date cash of $19). The fair value of the consideration paid in the acquisition consisted of: (a) $6,000 in cash ($4,679 was paid at Closing and $1,321 was paid prior to Closing in the form of a note receivable); (b) $6,782 in aggregate promissory notes; and (c) $18,118 in common stock of Mobility subject to the conditions described above.
The payment of shares of common stock of Mobility or Mobility’s successor, if any, will be based on the public offering price per share of such stock in the initial public offering. The payment of shares of common stock of the Company, if any, will be based on the average of the daily-weighted average prices for such stock on each of the 60 days ending on the day prior to issuance thereof.
At-the-Market Offering
On September 2, 2022, we entered into a Sales Agreement (“Sales Agreement”) with Barclays Capital Inc., BofA Securities, Inc., HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., ThinkEquity LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Agents”) to conduct an “ATM” equity offering program pursuant to which we may issue and sell from time to time shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $250,000 through the Agents, as our sales agents. We currently anticipate using the net proceeds from the sale of its shares of common stock under the ATM program to supplement our operating cash flows to fund EV charging station deployment and growth plans. We also plan to use any remaining proceeds we receive for working capital and other corporate purposes. The amounts and timing of our use of the net proceeds will depend on a number of factors, such as the timing and progress of our EV charging station deployment efforts, the timing and progress of any partnering and collaboration efforts and technological advances.
On November 16, 2023, we entered into an Amendment to Sales Agreement, effective as of November 2, 2023 (the “Amendment”), with the Agents amending the Sales Agreement entered into between us and the Agents. We have provided the Agents with customary indemnification rights, and the Agents will be entitled to an aggregate fixed commission of up to 3% of the gross proceeds from shares sold.
The Amendment revised the term “Registration Statement” as used in the Sales Agreement to our new shelf registration statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-275123), and revised the term “Prospectus Supplement” as used in the Sales Agreement to our prospectus supplement dated November 2, 2023, relating to the “at-the-market” offering program contemplated by the Sales Agreement.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold 30,914,695 shares of its common stock pursuant to the ATM program for gross proceeds of approximately $116,651 and net proceeds of approximately $114,317 after deducting offering expenses. As of December 31, 2023, 31,473,416 shares have been sold pursuant to the ATM program, representing gross proceeds of approximately $124,348. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company sold an aggregate of 8,177,472 shares of common stock aggregate gross proceeds of $25,651 and net proceeds of $25,136.
Product and Service Offerings
We offer a variety of EV charging products and services to Property Partners and EV drivers.
EV Charging Solutions
● Level 2. We offer a wide range of Level 2 (AC) EV charging equipment, ideal for commercial and residential use, with the North American standard J1772 connector, the North American Charging Standard (NACS) connector, and the Type 2 connector compatible with electric vehicles in Europe and across Latin America.
● Our commercial Level 2 chargers consist of the EQ, HQ, MQ, and IQ 200 families and the Series 4, 6, 7, and 8 families, which are available in pedestal, wall mount, and pole mount configurations. The MQ and IQ 200, along with the Series 6, 7, and 8 chargers offer an optional cable management system. Additionally, we offer three residential Level 2 chargers for the Americas: the wall-mounted HQ 200, Series 4, and a smart charging cable, the PQ 150, designed for European markets. Our commercial and residential chargers (except the non-networked HQ 150) can connect to the Blink Networks or a local network. Level 2 charging stations typically provide a full charge in two to eight hours. Level 2 chargers are ideally suited for low-cost installations and frequently used parking locations, such as workplaces, multifamily residential, retail, hospitality, and mixed-use, parking garages, municipalities, colleges/schools, hospitals and airports.
● International Products. We offer Level 2 AC and DC products for the rapidly expanding international markets targeted at the residential, workplace, retail, parking garages, leasing companies, hospitality, and other locations. These products are available with the Type 2, GBT, and CCS 2 connectors and include the PQ 150, Series 3 (an ideal product for the 2/3-wheeled vehicles), and the EQ 200.
● Mobile Charger. We offer the HQ 200-M Level 2 charger for the mobile/emergency charging market which requires a portable charger to be used for roadside or other use cases where a connection to the electricity grid is not available.
● DCFC. We offer a complete line of DC Fast Charging equipment (“DCFC”) that ranges from 30kW to 360kW, supports the ‘CHAdeMo’, CCS1, and NACS connectors, and typically provide an 80% charge in less than 30 minutes. Installation of DCFC stations and grid requirements are typically greater than Level 2 charging stations and are ideally suited for transportation hubs and locations between travel destinations. These include the Series 9 30kW DC Fast Charger that works ideally for the fleet and auto dealership segments and is available in wall and pedestal mount configurations, the Blink 30kW DC Fast Charger that boasts a small footprint providing up to 100 amps of output, and the Blink 60kW - 360kW DC Fast Charger that provides from 140 to 500 amps of power.
● Blink Network. The Blink Network is a cloud-based platform that manages our network of EV chargers around the world for remote monitoring, management, payment processing, customer support, and other features required for operating the Blink Networks of EV charging locations.
● Blink Charging Mobile App. We offer Blink Charging Mobile Apps (iOS and Android) that provide EV drivers control by giving them improved search capabilities which allows them to search for nearby amenities, as well as chargers by zip-codes, city, business, category, or address, and expanded keyword search. The app also includes payment functionality, eliminating the need for a credit card.
● Fleet Management. We offer Fleet Management applications, targeted at commercial, municipal, and federal fleets for planning, managing, and optimizing their departure schedules and energy costs. Our Fleet Management applications can be used as standalone tools or integrated into existing fleet management solutions, which allows Blink to be a flexible and value-added solution within existing software stacks.
Key Factors Affecting Operating Results
We believe our performance and future success depend on several factors, including those discussed below:
Competition - The EV charging equipment and service market is highly competitive, and we expect the market to become increasingly competitive as new entrants enter this growing market. Our products and services compete on product performance and features, the total cost of ownership, origin of manufacturing, sales capabilities, financial stability, brand recognition, product reliability, and the installed base’s size. Existing competitors may expand their product offerings and sales strategies, and new competitors may enter the market. If our market share decreases due to increased competition, its revenue and ability to generate profits in the future may be impacted.
Growth - Our growth is highly dependent upon the adoption by consumers of EVs, and we are subject to a risk of any reduced demand for EVs. The market for alternative fuel vehicles is still relatively new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements, long development cycles for EV original equipment manufacturers, and changing consumer demands and behaviors. Factors that may influence the purchase and use of alternative fuel vehicles, and specifically EVs, include perceptions about EV quality, safety (in particular with respect to battery chemistries), design, performance and cost; the limited range over which EVs may be driven on a single battery charge and concerns about running out of power while in use; improvements in the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine; consumers’ desire and ability to purchase a luxury automobile or one that is perceived as exclusive; the environmental consciousness of consumers; volatility in the cost of oil and gasoline; consumers’ perceptions of the dependency of the United States on oil from unstable or hostile countries and the impact of international conflicts; government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy; access to charging stations, standardization of EV charging systems and consumers’ perceptions about convenience and cost to charge an EV; and the availability of tax and other governmental incentives to purchase and operate EVs or future regulation requiring increased use of nonpolluting vehicles. If the market for EVs does not gain broad market acceptance or develops slower than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
Regulations - Our business is subject to a variety of federal, state and international laws and regulations, including those with respect to government incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy, electric vehicles and others. These laws and regulations, and the interpretation or application of these laws and regulations, could change. Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes, fiscal tightening or other reasons may result in diminished revenues from government sources and diminished demand for our products. In addition, new laws or regulations affecting our business could be enacted. These laws and regulations are frequently costly to comply with and may divert a significant portion of management’s attention. Changes to these applicable laws or regulations could affect business and/or harm our customers, thereby adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Expansion through Acquisitions - We may pursue strategic domestic and international acquisitions to expand our operations. Risks in acquisition transactions include difficulties in the integration of acquired businesses into our operations and control environment, difficulties in assimilating and retaining employees and intermediaries, difficulties in retaining the existing clients of the acquired entities, assumed or unforeseen liabilities that arise in connection with the acquired businesses, the failure of counterparties to satisfy any obligations to indemnify us against liabilities arising from the acquired businesses, and unfavorable market conditions that could negatively impact our growth expectations for the acquired businesses. Fully integrating an acquired company or business into our operations may take a significant amount of time. If we are unable to integrate or pursue strategic acquisitions, our financial condition and results of operations would be negatively impacted.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared Year Ended December 31, 2022
For The Years Ended
December 31,
Difference $ Difference %
Revenues:
Product sales $ 109,416 $ 46,018 $ 63,398 138 %
Charging service revenue - company-owned charging stations 15,646 6,866 8,780 128 %
Network fees 7,481 4,370 3,111 71 %
Warranty 3,258 2,330 251 %
Grant and fees rebate 58 %
Car-sharing services 3,302 1,268 2,034 160 %
Other 1,026 1,393 (367 ) -26 %
Total Revenues 140,598 61,139 79,459 130 %
Cost of Revenues:
Cost of product sales 72,532 31,428 41,104 131 %
Cost of charging services - company-owned charging stations 3,540 1,466 2,074 141 %
Host provider fees 9,140 3,935 5,205 132 %
Network costs 1,969 1,463 35 %
Warranty and repairs and maintenance 4,605 2,795 1,810 65 %
Car-sharing services 4,356 2,137 2,219 104 %
Depreciation and amortization 4,250 3,113 1,137 37 %
Total Cost of Revenues 100,392 46,337 54,055 117 %
Gross Profit 40,206 14,802 25,404 172 %
Operating Expenses:
Compensation 92,669 60,602 32,067 53 %
General and administrative expenses 35,170 27,826 7,344 26 %
Other operating expenses 17,825 15,645 2,180 14 %
Impairment of goodwill 89,087 - 89,087 N/A
Impairment of intangible assets 5,143 - 5,143 N/A
Total Operating Expenses 239,894 104,073 135,821 131 %
Loss From Operations (199,688 ) (89,271 ) (110,417 ) 124 %
Other (Expense) Income:
Interest expense (3,546 ) (1,529 ) (2,017 ) 132 %
Dividend income 1,909 1,455 320 %
Gain (loss) on foreign exchange (600 ) -123 %
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable (1,000 ) - (1,000 ) 100 %
Change in fair value of derivative and other accrued liabilities (58 ) -88 %
Other expense (22 ) (372 ) -94 %
Total Other Expense (2,511 ) (1,981 ) (530 ) 27 %
Loss Before Income Taxes $ (202,199 ) $ (91,252 ) $ (110,947 ) 122 %
Provision for income taxes (1,494 ) (308 ) (1,186 ) 385 %
Net Loss $ (203,693 ) $ (91,560 ) $ (112,133 ) 122 %
Revenues
Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $140,598, compared to $61,139 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $79,459, or 130%.
Revenue from product sales was $109,416 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $46,018 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $63,398, or 138%. This increase was attributable to increased sales of commercial chargers, DC fast chargers and residential chargers when compared to the same period in 2022.
Charging service revenue for company-owned and operated charging stations was $15,646 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $6,866 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $8,780, or 128%. The increase is due to the increase in utilization of chargers and an increased number of chargers on the Blink Networks.
Network fee revenue was $7,481 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $4,370 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $3,111, or 71%. The increase was attributable to increases in host owned units as well as billings and invoicing to Property Partners during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
Warranty revenue was $3,258 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $928 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $2,330, or 251%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in warranty contracts sold for the year December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
Grant and fees rebate revenues were $469 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $296 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $173, or 58%. Grant and rebates relating to equipment and the related installation are deferred and amortized in a manner consistent with the depreciation expense of the related assets over their useful lives. The decrease in revenue was primarily related to the timing of the amortization of previous years’ state grants/rebates associated with the installation of chargers during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Car-sharing services revenues were $3,302 during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,268 during the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $2,034, or 160%. These revenues are derived from ride-sharing subscription services through a program with the City of Los Angeles, which was associated with the acquisition of BlueLA in September 2020. Also contributing to the increase in revenues is revenues of $2,743 from Envoy, which was acquired in April 2023.
Other revenue decreased by $367, or 26% to $1,026 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,393 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to higher Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) credits generated during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. We generate these credits from the electricity utilized by our electric car charging stations as a byproduct from our charging services in the states of California and Oregon.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues primarily consists of electricity reimbursements, revenue share payments to our Property Partner hosts, the cost of charging stations sold, connectivity charges provided by telco and other networks, warranty, repairs and maintenance services, and depreciation of our installed charging stations. Cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $100,392 as compared to $46,337 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $54,055, or 117%.
There is a degree of variability in our costs in relation to our revenues from period to period, primarily due to:
● electricity reimbursements that are unique to those Property Partner host agreements which provide for such reimbursements;
● revenue share payments are predicated on the contractual obligation under the property partner agreement and the revenue generated by the applicable chargers;
● cost of charging stations sold is predicated on the mix of types of charging stations and parts sold during the period;
● network costs are fixed in nature based on the number of chargers connected to the telco network regardless of whether the charger generates revenue;
● provisions for excess and obsolete inventory; and
● warranty and repairs and maintenance expenses are based on both the number of service cases completed during the period.
Cost of product sales increased by $41,104, or 131%, to $72,532 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $31,428 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to the increase in product sales of commercial chargers, DC fast chargers and home residential chargers during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
Cost of charging services for company-owned charging stations (electricity reimbursements) increased by $2,074, or 141%, to $3,540 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,466 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in 2023 was attributable to the mix of charging stations generating charging service revenues subject to electricity reimbursement.
Host provider fees increased by $5,205, or 132%, to $9,140 during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $3,935 during the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was a result of the mix of chargers generating revenue and their corresponding revenue share percentage payments to Property Partner hosts pursuant to their agreements.
Network costs increased by $506, or 35%, to $1,969 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,463 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was a result of the increase in charging stations on our network and costs incurred related to the upgrading of our network system compared to the same period in 2022.
Warranty and repairs and maintenance costs increased by $1,810, or 65%, to $4,605 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2,795 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in 2023 was attributable to significant efforts expended to reduce the backlog in warranty and repairs and maintenance cases. As of December 31, 2023, we recorded a liability of $503 which represents the estimated cost of existing backlog of known warranty cases.
Cost of car-sharing services was $4,356 during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2,137 during the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $2,219, or 104%. These costs are from car-sharing subscription services through a program with the City of Los Angeles, which was associated with the acquisition of BlueLA in September 2020. Also contributing to the increase in costs for these services is $2,221 from Envoy, which was acquired in April 2023.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $1,137, or 37%, to $4,250 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $3,113 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in depreciation expense was attributable to an increase in the number of EV charging stations and vehicles associated with the car-share services.
Operating Expenses
Compensation expense increased by $32,067, or 53%, to $92,669 (consisting of approximately $70,630 of cash compensation and approximately $22,039 of non-cash compensation) for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $60,602 (consisting of approximately $44,689 of cash compensation and approximately $15,913 of non-cash compensation) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily related to increases in personnel and compensation in executive, marketing, sales and operations departments as a result of the anticipated domestic and international growth of our company. In addition, compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 increased due to additional personnel in conjunction with the acquisition of Envoy in April 2023. Also contributing to the increase in compensation expense is (1) non-cash stock-based compensation of approximately $5,500 related to the accelerated vesting of equity award grants and additional stock-based compensation associated with the resignation of our former Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the terms of the Former CEO Employment Agreement, as set forth in the Separation and General Release Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2023, between our company and the former Chief Executive Officer; and (2) non-recurring expense of approximately $11,500, consisting of the non-recurring payment of approximately $6,000 to our former Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the Former CEO Employment Agreement and a non-recurring bonus expense of $5,500 related to the achievement by our Chief Technology Officer of systems, product and IT-related key performance indicators under his employment agreement, dated April 12, 2021. In addition, compensation expense during the December 31, 2023 period compared to the same period in 2022 increased due to additional personnel in conjunction with the acquisition of Envoy in April 2023.
General and administrative expenses increased by $7,344, or 26%, from $27,826 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $35,170, for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in accounting, legal, investor/public relations, consulting, software licensing and other professional service expenditures of $6,890. Further, general and administrative expenses increased due to increases in amortization expense of $1,448 primarily related to the acquisition of Envoy in 2023.
Other operating expenses increased by $2,180, or 14%, from $15,645 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $17,825 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in insurance, software licensing, annual shareholder meeting, rent, and hardware and software expenses of $5,196. Further, increases in travel and vehicle expenses of $480, contributed to the increase in other operating expenses for year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Also contributing to the increase in other operating expenses were operating expenditures related to the acquisition of Envoy in 2023. The increase in other operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was partially offset by a decrease of $4,257 in expenses related to the 4G network upgrade which was substantially performed during 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we observed certain triggering events, including a decline in our stock price and, as a result, we conducted a quantitative impairment analysis of our goodwill and intangible assets and determined that the fair value of our reporting units were less than the carrying amount and, as a result, recorded an impairment charge of $89,087 related to goodwill and $5,143 related to intangible assets during the 2023 period.
Other Expense
Other expense increased by $530 from $1,981 for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $2,511 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in other expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in interest expense of $2,017 associated with the deferred payment from the SemaConnect acquisition as well as an increase in the loss on extinguishment of notes payable of $1,000, partially offset by an increase in dividend and interest income of $1,455.
Provision For Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes was $1,494 during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $308 during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company’s statutory federal income tax rate for 2023 and 2022 was 21.0%. The Company’s effective tax rate for 2023 and 2022 was 0.7% and 0.3%, respectively. The increase in the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rate was related to certain subsidiaries which generated net income during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Net Loss
Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $112,133, or 122%, to $203,693 as compared to $91,560 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in compensation expense and general and administrative expenses in conjunction with current and anticipated growth of our company.
Total Comprehensive Loss
Our total comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $203,183 whereas our total comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $92,822, an increase of $110,361 for the same reasons as noted above related to the increase in our net loss.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including the following:
December 31,
Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 121,691 $ 36,562
Working Capital $ 152,033 $ 48,962
Debt $ 38,108 $ 40,618
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we financed our activities from proceeds derived from debt and equity financings which were raised in prior periods. A significant portion of the funds raised from the sale of capital stock has been used to cover working capital needs and personnel, office expenses and various consulting and professional fees.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we used cash of $97,570 and $82,365, respectively, in operations. Our cash used for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $203,693, reduced by net non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $133,566, and by $27,443 of net cash used in changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities. Our cash used for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $91,560, reduced by net non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $26,551, and by $17,356 of net cash used in changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $13,240, of which, $4,660 was used as cash consideration for Envoy (net of cash acquired), $7,552 was used to purchase charging stations and other fixed assets, and $1,028 was related to the payment of engineering costs that were capitalized. During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $57,441, of which, $38,338 was used as cash consideration for SemaConnect (net of cash acquired), $11,360 was used as cash consideration for EB (net of cash acquired), $5,249 was used to purchase charging stations and other fixed assets, $2,200 was used as a note receivable to a target, and $294 was related to the payment of engineering costs that were capitalized.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $197,315, of which, $208,865 was attributable to the net proceeds from the sale of common stock from the public offering, $835 was provided by the exercise of warrants and options, offset by $9,292 was used to pay down notes payable, $2,837 was used to pay down our finance lease liability and $256 used to pay down our liability in connection with internal use software.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities was $6,393, of which, $7,386 was attributable to the net proceeds from the sale of common stock from the public offering, $220 was provided by the exercise of warrants and options, offset by $681 was used to pay down notes payable, $315 used to pay down our liability in connection with internal use software, and $217 was used to pay down our finance lease liability.
As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents, working capital and an accumulated deficit of $121,691, $152,033 and $537,723, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we generated a net loss of $203,693.
In February 2023, we completed an underwritten registered public offering of 8,333,333 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $12.00 per share. We received approximately $100,000 in gross proceeds from the public offering, and approximately $95,000 in net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses paid by us. In addition, the underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,249,999 shares of common stock from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The public offering was made pursuant to our automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 ASR filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021, and prospectus supplement dated February 8, 2023. Barclays acted as the sole book-running manager for the offering. H.C. Wainwright & Co., Roth Capital Partners and ThinkEquity acted as co-managers for the offering.
In January 2021, we completed an underwritten registered public offering of 5,660,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $41.00 per share. We received approximately $232,100 in gross proceeds from the public offering, and approximately $221,500 in net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses paid by us. The public offering was made pursuant to our automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 ASR filed with the SEC on January 6, 2021 and prospectus supplement dated January 7, 2021. We used the net proceeds from the public offering to supplement our operating cash flows to fund EV charging station deployment and, when needed, to finance the costs of acquiring competitive and complementary businesses, products and technologies as a part of our growth strategy, and for working capital and general corporate purposes.
We have not yet achieved profitability and expect to continue to incur cash outflows from operations. It is expected that our operating expenses will continue to increase and, as a result, we will eventually need to generate significant product revenues to achieve profitability. Historically, we have been able to raise funds to support our business operations, although there can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising significant additional funds in the future. We expect that our cash on hand will fund our operations for at least 12 months after the issuance date of the financial statements included in this Annual Report.
Since inception, our operations have primarily been funded through proceeds received in equity and debt financings. We believe we have access to capital resources and continue to evaluate additional financing opportunities. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain funds on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. There is also no assurance that the amount of funds we might raise will enable us to complete our EV development initiatives or attain profitable operations.
On September 2, 2022, we entered into a Sales Agreement (“Sales Agreement”) with Barclays Capital Inc., BofA Securities, Inc., HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., ThinkEquity LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Agents”) to conduct an “ATM” equity offering program pursuant to which we may issue and sell from time to time shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $250,000 through the Agents, as our sales agents. We currently anticipate using the net proceeds from the sale of our shares of common stock under the ATM program to supplement our operating cash flows to fund EV charging station deployment and our acquisition growth plan. We also plan to use any remaining proceeds we receive for working capital and other corporate purposes. The amounts and timing of our use of the net proceeds will depend on a number of factors, such as the timing and progress of our EV charging station deployment efforts, the timing and progress of any partnering and collaboration efforts and technological advances. As of December 31, 2023, 30,914,695 shares have been sold pursuant to the ATM program representing gross proceeds of approximately $116,651. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company sold an aggregate of 8,177,472 shares of common stock aggregate gross proceeds of $25,651 and net proceeds of $25,136.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
We entered into purchase commitments that include purchase orders and agreements in the normal course of business with contract manufacturers, parts manufacturers, vendors for research and development services and outsourced services. As of December 31, 2023, we had purchase commitments of approximately $21,672, which will become payable upon the suppliers’ delivery of the charging stations, services and other related items. The purchase commitments were made primarily for future sales, deployments of charging stations, inventory management planning and other related items, all of which are expected to be received during the next 12-24 months.
Further, we have operating and finance lease obligations over the next five years of approximately $11,418. These operating lease obligations are primarily related to corporate office space, warehousing, and parking spaces related to our ride-sharing services.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures must be in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the periods presented. We believe that the estimates and judgments upon which it relies are reasonably based upon information available to us at the time that it makes these estimates and judgments. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial results will be affected. The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates and judgments and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are described below.
The following is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies or estimates. Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our Consolidated Financial Statements included at the end of this Annual Report.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue primarily from four different types of contracts:
● Product sales - Revenue is recognized at the point where the customer obtains control of the goods and the company satisfies its performance obligation, which generally is at the time it ships the product to the customer or installation of the product.
● Charging service revenue - company-owned charging stations - Revenue is recognized at the point when a particular charging session is completed.
● Network fees and other - Represents a stand-ready obligation whereby the company is obligated to perform over a period of time and, as a result, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Network fees are billed annually.
● Other - Other revenues primarily comprises of revenues generated from alternative fuel credits.
The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by its customers. A receivable is recorded when revenue is recognized prior to payment and the company has an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, the company records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.
Grants, rebates and alternative fuel credits, which are not within the scope of ASC 606, pertaining to revenues and periodic expenses are recognized as income when the related revenue and/or periodic expense are recorded. Grants and rebates related to EV charging stations and their installation are deferred and amortized in a manner consistent with the related depreciation expense of the related asset over their useful lives over the useful life of the charging station.
Car-sharing services, is accounted for under ASC Topic 842, Leases and pertains to revenues and expenses related to a car-sharing services agreement with the City of Los Angeles which allows customers the ability to rent electric vehicles through a subscription service. The Company accounts for such rentals as operating leases. The lease terms are included in the Company’s contracts, and the determination of whether the Company’s contracts contain leases generally does not require significant assumptions or judgments. The Company’s lease revenues do not include material amounts of variable payments. The Company does not provide an option for the lessee to purchase the rented equipment at the end of the lease.
The Company is unsure of when the customer will return rented equipment. As such, the Company does not know how much the customer will owe it upon return of the equipment and, therefore, cannot provide a maturity analysis of future lease payments. The Company’s equipment is generally rented for short periods of time (generally a few minutes to a few hours). Lessees do not provide residual value guarantees on rented equipment.
The Company expects to derive significant future benefits from its equipment following the end of the rental term. The Company’s equipment is typically rented for the majority of the time that the Company owns it. The Company recognizes revenue over the contractual period of performance of the subscription which are short term in nature.
Stock-Based Compensation
We measure the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value amount of the shares expected to ultimately vest is then recognized over the period for which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The estimation of stock-based awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from original estimates, such amounts are recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. We assess the recoverability of our long-lived assets by monitoring current selling prices of EV charging units in the open market, the adoption rate of various auto manufacturers in the EV market and projected EV charging utilization at various public EV charging stations throughout our network in determining fair value. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes pursuant to FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences and operating loss carry forwards. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Operating Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of consideration paid for an acquired entity over the fair value of the amounts assigned to assets acquired, including other identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed in a business combination. To determine the amount of goodwill resulting from a business combination, the company performs an assessment to determine the acquisition date fair value of the acquired company’s tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities.
Goodwill is required to be evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset may be impaired. An entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. These qualitative factors include: macroeconomic and industry conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance and other relevant entity-specific events. If the entity determines that this threshold is met, then the company may apply a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The company determines fair value through multiple valuation techniques and weights the results accordingly. The company is required to make certain subjective and complex judgments in assessing whether an event of impairment of goodwill has occurred, including assumptions and estimates used to determine the fair value of its reporting units. The company has elected to perform its annual goodwill impairment review on November 1 of each year.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
For a description of our recently issued accounting standards, see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.

---

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Foreign Currency Risk
We have foreign currency risks related to its revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro, causing both its revenue and its operating results to be impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rates. Gains or losses from the revaluation of certain cash balances, accounts receivable balances and intercompany balances that are denominated in these currencies impact our net loss. A hypothetical decrease in all foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar of 1% would not result in a material foreign currency loss on foreign-denominated balances, as of December 31, 2023. As our foreign operations expand, its results may be more materially impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies in which it does business. At this time, we do not enter into financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency exchange risk.

---

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The financial statements required by this Item 8 are included in this Annual Report beginning on page.

---

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost- benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Management has designed disclosure controls and procedures that reasonably enable the management to deliberate and take timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by the SEC Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b), we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2023, due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below.
However, after giving full consideration to the material weaknesses described below, and the additional analyses and other procedures the Company performed to ensure that its consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, Blink’s management has concluded that its consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, its financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods disclosed in conformity with U.S. GAAP.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system was designed to, in general, provide reasonable assurance to our company’s management and board regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements, but because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As permitted by SEC guidance for newly acquired businesses, because it was not possible to complete an effective assessment of the acquired company’s controls by year-end, management has excluded Envoy Technologies Inc., from its evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting and changes therein from the date of such acquisition through December 31, 2023. Envoy’s total assets and total revenues represent approximately 1% and 2% respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts of Blink Charging Co. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. The framework used by management in making that assessment was the criteria set forth in the document entitled “2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, during the period covered by this report, such internal controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2023, because of the material weaknesses reported below.
● Management identified information technology deficiencies in the design and implementation of change management and user access controls over financial IT applications and underlying records that: support the Company’s financial reporting processes, impact automated process-level and manual controls, and provide the assurance that the data produced by these systems is complete and accurate. The access issues relate to appropriate segregation of duties that would adequately restrict user and privileged access to the financially relevant applications and underlying records to the appropriate Company personnel. Management has considered the IT deficiencies to be a material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023.
● During 2023, management reported a material weakness related to the operational effectiveness of its internal controls related to review of the impairment and allocation of goodwill and intangible assets.
Remediation efforts have begun; the material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. The Company expects that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed during 2024.
Remediation in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting During 2023
In 2022, the Company identified certain design deficiency which resulted in a failure to detect a miscalculation of a certain non-cash share-based compensation transaction on a timely basis. As a result of the internal controls initiatives referenced above, the 2022 reported material weakness has been remediated in 2023 and is operating effectively.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During 2023, management continued to implement improvements to the Company’s internal control system including expanding our internal control assessments to the Company’s 2022 acquisitions Throughout the year, from executive management down, a strong commitment was made to the importance of internal control and to create and maintain an infrastructure to support the Company’s compliance program. The Audit Committee was actively engaged and exercised continuous oversight throughout the process. Further, management and the Audit Committee fostered open and regular dialogue with the Company’s external auditors. Internal control, particularly those relating to subjective judgements, were strengthened and, when possible automated and centralized.
Except as described above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over the financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2023 that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
Blink Charging Co.
Adverse Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Blink Charging Co. and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weaknesses described in the following paragraph on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses have been identified and included in “Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting”:
● The Company's change management and access controls were not designed and implemented effectively to ensure: 1) IT program and data changes affecting the Company’s financial IT applications and underlying records are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately to validate that data produced by these IT applications were complete and accurate, and 2) appropriate segregation of duties that would adequately restrict user and privileged access to the financially relevant applications and underlying records to the appropriate Company personnel.
Due to the pervasive nature of these deficiencies other IT general controls, automated process-level, and manual controls that are dependent upon the information derived from such financially relevant applications were also determined to be ineffective.
● Ineffective operation of management review controls over allocation of proceeds to intangible assets and goodwill and the evaluation of potential impairment for goodwill and other intangible assets.
These deficiencies, combined with inadequate review controls, created a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement, either individually or in the aggregate, of the consolidated financial statements might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis and represent material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
These material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the fiscal 2023 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated March 18, 2024 on those financial statements.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 and our report thereon dated March 18, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Explanatory Paragraph - Excluded Subsidiary
As described in “Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting”, management has excluded its wholly owned subsidiary, Envoy Technologies, Inc., from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 because the entity was acquired by the Company as the result of a business combination during 2023. We have also excluded Envoy Technologies, Inc. from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. The subsidiary’s combined total assets and total revenues represent approximately 1% and 2%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Marcum llp
New York, NY
March 18, 2024

---

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, in each case as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

---

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days of our fiscal 2023 year-end.

---

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days of our fiscal 2023 year-end.

---

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days of our fiscal 2023 year-end.

---

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days of our fiscal 2023 year-end.

---

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days of our fiscal 2023 year-end.
PART IV

---

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a)(3) EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Incorporated by Reference
Filed or Furnished
Number
Exhibit Description
Form Exhibit
Filing Date
Herewith
2.1
Share Purchase Agreement, dated April 21, 2021, between the Shareholders of Blue Corner NV and Blink Holdings B.V.
8-K 2.1
05/13/2021
2.2
Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated April 22, 2022, between the shareholders of Electric Blue Limited, and Blink Holdings B.V. and Blink Charging Co.
8-K 2.1
04/26/2022
2.3
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 13, 2022, by and among Blink Charging Co., Blink Sub I Corp., Blink Sub II LLC, SemaConnect, Inc. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC (solely in its capacity as the stockholders’ representative)
8-K 2.1
06/14/2022
2.4
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2023, by and among Blink Charging Co., Blink Mobility, LLC, Mobility Merger Sub Inc., Envoy Technologies, Inc., and Fortis Advisors LLC (as Equityholders’ Agent)
8-K 2.1
04/24/2023
2.5
Amendment No. 2, dated as of August 4, 2023, to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 13, 2022, by and among Blink Charging Co., SemaConnect LLC and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, as Stockholders’ Representative.
10-Q 2.2
08/09/2023
3.1
Articles of Incorporation, as amended most recently on August 17, 2017
10-K 3.1
04/17/2018
3.2
Bylaws, as amended most recently on January 29, 2018
10-K 3.2
04/17/2018
3.4
Certificate of Withdrawal for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
3.1
04/07/2022
3.5
Certificate of Withdrawal for Series B Preferred Stock
3.2
04/07/2022
3.6
Certificate of Withdrawal for Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
3.3
04/07/2022
3.7
Certificate of Withdrawal for Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
3.4
04/07/2022
4.2
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated April 9, 2018
8-K 4.1
04/19/2018
4.3
Description of the Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
10-K 4.3
04/02/2020
10.14*
Incentive Compensation Plan
Proxy -
08/14/2018
10.18*
Employment Offer Letter, dated February 7, 2020, between Blink Charging Co. and Michael P. Rama
8-K 10.1
02/11/2020
10.20*
Employment Offer Letter, dated as of March 29, 2020, between Blink Charging Co. and Brendan S. Jones
8-K 10.1
04/20/2020
10.22*
Employment Agreement, dated December 27, 2021, between Blink Charging Co. and Brendan S. Jones
8-K 10.1
12/29/2021
10.23*
Employment Agreement, dated April 20, 2021, between Blink Charging Co. and Harjinder Bhade
10-K/A 10.20
04/29/2022
10.24*
Employment Agreement, dated May 19, 2022, between Blink Charging Co. and Michael P. Rama
8-K 10.1
05/24/2022
10.25*
Employment Agreement, dated May 19, 2022, between Blink Charging Co. and Aviv Hillo
8-K 10.2
05/24/2022
10.26
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2022, by and among Blink Charging Co., the equityholders of SemaConnect, Inc. and each equityholder of SemaConnect, Inc. to which Blink shares were issued
8-K 10.1
06/21/2022
10.29
Sales Agreement, dated September 2, 2022, between Blink Charging Co. and the Sales Agents
8-K 10.1
09/02/2022
10.31*
Employment Agreement, dated May 1, 2023, between Blink Charging Co. and Brendan S. Jones
8-K
10.1
05/05/2023
10.32*
Amendment to Blink Charging Co. 2018 Incentive Compensation Plan
14A A
06/14/2023
10.33*
Separation and General Release Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2023, between Blink Charging Co. and Michael D. Farkas
8-K 10.1
06/23/2023
10.34*
Employment Offer Letter, dated October 30, 2023, between Blink Charging Co. and Harjinder Bhade
8-K 10.1
11/03/2023
10.35
Amendment to Sales Agreement, dated as of November 2, 2023, between Blink Charging Co. and the Agents
8-K 10.1
11/22/2023
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
X
23.1
Consent of Marcum LLP
X
31.1
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer
X
31.2
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer
X
32.1**
Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officer
X
32.2**
Section 1350 Certification of Principal Financial Officer
X
97.1*
Blink Charging Co. Policy for Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance.
X
101.XSD
Inline XBRL Schema.
X
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Presentation.
X
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Calculation.
X
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Definition.
X
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Label.
X
Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
X
* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
** In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act.