EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1739566
Filing Year: 2024
Filename: 1739566_10-K_2024_0001739566-24-000054.json

---

ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or "our” refer to Utz Brands, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our core geographies consist of Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia, and Washington (our “Core Geographies”), with the rest of the U.S. representing our Expansion geographies (our “Expansion Geographies”).
Overview
We are a leading United States manufacturer of branded salty snacks. We produce a broad offering of salty snacks, including potato chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, cheese snacks, pork skins, veggie snacks, pub/party mixes, and other snacks. Our iconic portfolio of authentic, craft, and “better-for-you” (“BFY”) brands, which includes Utz, Zapp’s, On The Border, Golden Flake, and Boulder Canyon, among others, enjoys strong household penetration in the United States, where our products can be found in approximately half of U.S. households as of December 31, 2023. We are the second-largest producer of branded salty snacks in our Core Geographies as of December 31, 2023, based on retail sales and we have historically expanded our geographic/distribution reach and product portfolio organically and through acquisitions. Our company was founded in 1921 in Hanover, Pennsylvania, and benefits from more than 100 years of brand awareness and heritage in the salty snacks industry.
As of December 31, 2023, we operate 14 manufacturing facilities with a broad range of capabilities, and our products are distributed nationally to grocery, mass, club, convenience, drug and other retailers through direct shipments, distributors, and approximately 2,250 DSD routes.
Our business benefits from multiple opportunities to deliver attractive long-term profitable growth. Our value creation strategies are focused on driving productivity to enhance margins, reinvesting in marketing and innovation to accelerate revenue growth and continuing to make strategic acquisitions. We believe we are well-positioned for long-term growth as we (a) gained a significant amount of new buyers during 2020 and have continued to add even more buyers through 2023, (b) have significant opportunity in our Expansion Geographies and under-penetrated channels, (c) continue to execute productivity efforts that will help to fuel incremental marketing and innovation to accelerate growth in sales, (d) continue to make infrastructure improvements to enable us to continue to scale to greater heights, and (e) continue to make strategic acquisitions that deliver strong synergies and that enhance our competitive positioning. We believe each of these growth avenues represents a sizeable opportunity to expand our net sales. In addition, we further anticipate expanding our margins over the long term through supply chain productivity, revenue management, a higher-margin product mix, and higher margins on incremental sales as we leverage our scalable existing platform.
Recent Acquisitions and Dispositions
During fiscal year 2022, the Company focused on increasing manufacturing and streamlining distribution. In April 2022, the Company purchased a brand new, recently completed snack food manufacturing facility in Kings Mountain, North Carolina from Evans Food Group Ltd. d/b/a Benestar Brands and related affiliates. The Company paid the full cash purchase price of $38.4 million at the closing and concurrently with the facility purchase, the Company sold 2.1 million shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for $28.0 million, to affiliates of Benestar in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. During fiscal year 2022, the Company bought out and terminated the contracts of multiple distributors who had previously been providing services to the Company. These transactions were accounted for as contract terminations and asset purchases and resulted in expense of $23.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023.
On February 5, 2024, the Company sold certain assets and brands to affiliates of Our Home™, an operating company of BFY brands (“Our Home”). Under the agreement, Our Home agreed to purchase the Good Health® and R.W. Garcia® brands, the Lincolnton, NC, and Lititz, PA manufacturing facilities and certain related assets, and assume the Company’s Las Vegas, NV facility lease and manufacturing operations (the “Our Home Transaction”).
In addition, the Company and Our Home will operate under a Transition Services Agreement for 12 months. The total consideration for the transactions is $182.5 million, subject to customary adjustments. In addition, post-closing, the parties will operate under reciprocal co-manufacturing agreements under which Our Home will co-manufacture certain of the Company's products and the Company will co-manufacture certain Good Health® products. Certain Good Health® products will continue to be distributed and sold on the Company's DSD network for Our Home.
Recent Developments
During 2023, we introduced our long-term growth strategy focusing on various initiatives. Our portfolio strategy is focused on accelerating investments in marketing and innovation to drive top-line growth and achieve share gains in the attractive Salty Snack category. We plan to further penetrate our Expansion Geographies and untapped channels and customers by further expanding our Power Brands in Expansion Geographies, as well as maintaining our share in our Core Geographies. We plan to transform our supply chain into a more cost-efficient and flexible system. As part of our long-term growth strategy, we intend to enhance our independent operator DSD system to further improve execution and generate higher returns and strengthen other organizational capabilities while driving out costs. Additionally, we intend to improve our balance sheet flexibility by accelerating cash generation and maintaining a disciplined capital allocation approach, which will reduce leverage while opportunistically pursuing acquisitions.
Brands
Our business is managed and reported in one operating segment. However, we strategically manage our portfolio of brands by segregating our sole operating segment into Power Brands and Foundation Brands. Power Brands, in aggregate, enjoy a combination of higher growth and margins, greater potential for value-added innovation, and enhanced responsiveness to consumer marketing as compared to Foundation Brands. As a result, we focus our investment spending and brand-building activities on Power Brands while managing Foundation Brands for cash flow generation to support investment in Power Brands and fund other corporate priorities. We assess the designation of brands as Power Brands or Foundation Brands and reclassify brands based on their alignment with the criteria above.
Our Power Brands are comprised of our flagship Utz brand and iconic On The Border® brand; craft brands such as Zapp’s®, Golden Flake® Pork Skins, TORTIYAHS!, and Hawaiian®; BFY brands such as Boulder Canyon®; strong regional snacking brands such as Bachman®, Tim’s Cascade® Snacks, and "Dirty" Potato Chips®; and selected licensed brands such as TGI Fridays®.
Our flagship Utz brand generated retail sales in excess of $850 million in 2023, representing an approximate 9.4% compound annual growth rate ("CAGR") (during 2020 through 2023) and making it one of the 10 largest salty snack brands in the United States by retail sales as of December 31, 2023. Recognized for its iconic logo featuring the “Little Utz Girl” since the 1920s, the Utz brand currently uses the slogan "Family Crafted Flavor Since 1921”. We sell a variety of salty snacks under the Utz brand, including potato chips, pretzels, cheese snacks, pub/party mixes, and others.
Our On The Border brand ("OTB") is a national brand of tortilla chips, salsa and queso. OTB is the #2 unflavored tortilla chip brand as of December 31, 2023. The acquisition of OTB strengthened the national geographic footprint in our Expansion Geographies and enhanced our presence in the Mass and Club retail channels.
Our Boulder Canyon Power Brand anchors our position in the BFY category of salty snacking, which has been a high-growth category in recent years. Boulder Canyon offers a line of premium BFY potato chips, including those made with olive or avocado oils. In the Natural channel as defined by SPINS, LLC, Boulder Canyon is the #2 potato chip brand, growing 27% within the channel in 2023 and its “Canyon Cut” rippled avocado oil-based chip is the #1 selling salty snack item as of December 31, 2023.
Our Power Brands also include a number of our authentic craft brands including Zapp’s, Hawaiian, and Golden Flake pork skins. For example, Zapp’s offers a line of premium kettle-cooked potato chips with bold, authentic flavors steeped in its New Orleans roots, including “Voodoo,” “Hotter ‘N’ Hot Jalapeño,” “Spicy Cajun Crawtators,” and "Cajun Dill Gator-tators,” among others. Hawaiian is a premium kettle chip brand that evokes the feel of the Pacific islands, with exotic flavors like “Sweet Maui Onion,” "Luau BBQ,” "Mango Habanero,” and "Hulapeño.” Our Golden Flake brand, a part of Southern culture since 1923, has a full line of Southern-style pork skins with flavors like “Louisiana Hot Sauce” and "Sweet Heat Barbecue,” which offer great taste and crunch with low carbohydrates.
In fiscal year 2023, our Foundation Brands included strong regional snacking brands, such as Golden Flake® Chips and Cheese, Snyder of Berlin®, and R.W. Garcia®; and BFY brands such as Good Health®, as well as other partner and private label brands. On February 5, 2024, the Company sold the Good Health and R.W. Garcia Brands to Our Home. We have historically utilized the strong regional positions and relevance of our Foundation Brands to drive increased distribution for our Power Brands.
Products
We produce a broad range of salty snack foods, including potato chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, cheese snacks, veggie snacks, pub/party mixes, pork skins, ready-to-eat popcorn, and other snacks which include salsa and dips. Our products are packaged in a variety of different sizes and configurations, ranging from individual packages to shareable bulk containers. We also sell certain third-party branded products through our distribution network.
We believe our ability to produce a wide range of products differentiates us from some of our competitors whose businesses focus on a particular product type because our broad product assortment enables us to gain greater distribution and shelf space with our customers. Our in-house production capabilities across a range of products also enable us to rapidly respond to evolving consumer needs and preferences and to better create new innovative products to delight consumers. We also believe that our diversified product portfolio results in more predictable and stable financial performance as we are not overly exposed to only one salty snack sub-category.
Product Innovation
New product innovation is critical in the salty snacks category because consumers both enjoy long-time favorites and like to experiment with new forms, flavors, textures, and ingredients. In particular, our brands have strong competitive positions across an assortment of popular salty snacks, including potato chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, cheese snacks, pub/party mixes, veggie snacks, and pork skins. In particular, Zapp’s Sinfully Seasoned Pretzel Stix is proving to be a very successful innovation. Launched with two flavors in October 2022, Voodoo and Jazzy Honey Mustard, Zapp’s Pretzel Stix has reached $20 million in retail sales and become a top 10 pretzel brand in its first year. Voodoo flavored Zapp's Pretzel Stix was named “Best Pretzel Stix” in Self Magazine’s February 2023 Pantry Awards and “Best Pretzel” in People Magazines July 2023 Food Awards Edition, while Zapp’s Pretzel Stix was named “Best New Products” in 2023 Progressive Grocer Editors Picks. Strong repeat rates on the current line and the launch of two new on-trend flavors, Spicy Cajun and Sweet Cinnamon and Sugar in 2024 support continued strong momentum for Zapp’s Pretzel Stix. The Utz brand delivered flavor innovation on its core potato chips line with a very positive partnership with Mike’s Hot Honey. As a Summer Limited Time Offer (“LTO”), Utz Mike’s Hot Honey potato chip dollar sales performed five times higher than the previously best Utz LTO. Hot Honey is a winning combination of sweet/spicy and a go-to-flavor for potato chip consumers. Due to this success, Utz Mike’s Hot Honey Potato Chips were transitioned to an everyday item. Additionally, Mike’s Hot Honey will appear as a variety in a new line of flavored pretzels February 2024 called Utz Mixed Minis. On The Border Chips and Dip launched two successful LTOs with Sam’s Club including Creamy Salsa Verde and Southwest flavors. To capture incremental placement and purchase of On The Border Café, seasonal packaging was launched during key holidays in Summer, Holiday and in Football/Tailgate. We are taking advantage of consumers desire for convenient variety and multipacks with a portfolio of innovation such as the Utz 40 count Classic Snacks Variety Pack, On The Border 30 count Café Variety Pack club LTO, Hawaiian Island 18 count Variety Pack and the new line-up of 10 count multipacks offered in customer favorites such as Utz Original Ripples, Utz Party Mix and Utz Cheese Balls. In the BFY space, we continue to innovate. Boulder Canyon known for BFY oils, such as avocado oil, launched two successful LTOs under the Boulder Batch line, Spicy Green Chili, to take advantage of the hot & spicy trend that has now proven to be the #1 flavor in salty snacks, and a dill flavored kettle chip in partnership with Grillo’s Pickles, the fastest growing pickle brand.
Given our long-standing customer relationships, broad production capabilities, and scalable distribution platform, we plan to continue expanding our presence in certain salty snack sub-categories that we believe are highly synergistic to our existing business. We intend to continue to expand our presence in key salty snack sub-categories through a combination of line extensions of our existing brands, new brand introductions, licensing partnerships with established brands, and/or acquisitions. We believe our expanded presence across key salty snack sub-categories will enhance our competitive position with customers and allow us to leverage our existing manufacturing and distribution infrastructure.
As such, the level of new product innovation and the speed to market with these innovations are critical components of our business. Our innovation process begins with our marketing team, which understands our brands and consumers, and works collaboratively with our research & development and innovation leaders to identify new product opportunities that best suit our brand positions. We develop insights about unsatisfied consumer needs using our market research capabilities, and we track competitive product introductions to ensure appropriate responses. We also collaborate with third-party seasoning and flavor houses to understand the latest trends in consumer flavors and emerging consumer flavor preferences. Going forward, we intend to increase our investments in market research and other resources to generate more consumer insights and new product innovations.
We also utilize our flexible manufacturing and distribution platform to streamline the new product innovation process from idea conception through development and commercialization to market. The strategic location of our primary corporate office adjacent to our largest manufacturing plants facilitates strong coordination between our marketing, sales, research & development, and manufacturing professionals, leveraging the innovation experience of senior management and our in-house innovation leaders. Our broad in-house manufacturing capabilities across different product forms and packaging allow us to develop and commercialize new products quickly, and we have the manufacturing flexibility to handle many types of ingredients, including on-trend BFY oils such as avocado and olive. Our DSD distribution system allows us to efficiently experiment with new products at retail stores driven by the ability to quickly place new items and collect immediate feedback on sell-through trends. Finally, given the importance of in-store presence, we are working with world-class design agency partners to implement new packaging, impactful point-of-sale materials, and retail-ready displays.
Marketing, Advertising, and Consumer Engagement
Our marketing strategy is focused on driving stronger consumer pull for, and building brand equity of, our Power Brands. We conduct marketing efforts through three principal sets of activities: (i) consumer marketing and advertising, including digital and eCommerce, social media, sponsorships, and other consumer promotions; (ii) consumer sales incentives including coupons and rebates; and (iii) trade promotions to support features, displays and other merchandising of our products by our customers. Historically we have relied more heavily on sponsorships, trade promotions, and in-store merchandising for consumer engagement; however, we are making shifts of spending into more consumer awareness and brand-building advertising. In fiscal year 2023, we spent approximately $12.3 million related to consumer marketing and advertising expenses and $29.8 million in cooperative advertising. Consistent with our value creation strategies, we intend to continue to increase our investments in digital and social consumer marketing and advertising focused on our Power Brands as well as continue to allocate our current mix of media spending toward activities with the highest return on investment. We will continue to expand our investments in digital and social media, including as part of our strategy to grow our eCommerce and retailer marketing investments. We believe these marketing strategies will drive long term net sales growth by increasing brand equity, supporting geographic expansion.
Customers
In fiscal year 2023, our top 10 customers, all of which are retailers, represented approximately 40% of our invoiced sales, and one customer provided in excess of 10% of our net invoiced sales in fiscal year 2023. Although orders are processed through purchase orders, as opposed to volume commitments, we have historically benefited from long-term relationships with our key customers, having a sales relationship for more than 20 years on average across our top 15 retail customers.
International
Substantially all of our invoiced sales occurred in the United States in fiscal year 2023, and we are focused on growing our business in the United States. Since substantially all of our business is in the United States, we believe we have more limited exposure to global economic conditions and foreign exchange fluctuations than companies with more substantial international sales and operations.
Competition
Our products primarily compete with other salty snacks but also compete more broadly for certain eating occasions with other snack foods. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the salty snacks industry include taste, convenience, product variety, product quality, price, nutrition, consumer brand awareness, media and promotional activities, in-store merchandising execution, customer service, cost-efficient distribution, and access to retailer shelf space. We believe we compete effectively with respect to each of these factors.
The salty snacking industry is competitive and includes a number of diverse participants. Our identified competitors include PepsiCo (Frito Lay), Campbell’s (Snyder’s-Lance), Kellogg’s (Pringles), General Mills, Grupo Bimbo, Hershey’s, Hain Celestial, and Arca Continental (Wise), among others. Our products also compete with private label or retailer-branded salty snacks. However, private label branded salty snacks represented only approximately 5.1% of US category retail sales for the year ended December 31, 2023, less than its approximately 5.5% share of retail sales since 2018.
Historically, the salty snacks category has benefited from favorable competitive dynamics, including low private label penetration and category leaders who compete primarily via marketing and innovation. Importantly, as of December 31, 2023, we are the #2 brand platform in our Core Geographies, representing over 7% of total salty snacks category retail sales based on Circana data. As of December 31, 2023, in our Core Geographies, we have the #2 position in pork skins and in pretzels with 17% and 15% of sub-category retail sales, respectively. We have the #3 position in potato chips, cheese snacks and tortilla chips with 12%, 7% and 4% of sub-category retail sales, respectively. We believe we have a strong and defensible position in our Core Geographies with a significant opportunity to enhance our national position by expanding sales in Expansion Geographies (where we represent 2.8% of category retail sales). As of December 31, 2023, we are the #3 salty snack brand platform in the US, representing 4.4% of total salty snacks category retail sales.
Notably, in 2023, approximately $2.8 billion of salty snack retail sales were generated by approximately 1,200 smaller competitors, each with retail sales of less than $200 million. We believe this fragmented group of smaller brands provides an attractive opportunity for us to expand our retail sales by either acquiring or displacing smaller regional or product-specific competitors.
Supply Chain
Sourcing. The principal ingredients used to manufacture our products include potatoes, oil, flour, wheat, corn, cheese, spices, and seasonings. Our primary packaging materials include flexible films and rigid containers, such as barrels, lids, cartons, and trays. All of our core ingredients are purchased according to rigorous standards to assure food quality and safety. Our principal ingredients are generally available from multiple suppliers, but became more difficult to source beginning in 2021 and continuing into 2023 due to ongoing supply chain constraints. We do not source any of our top 10 inputs under any single-supplier arrangement. As such, we have been able to make satisfactory alternative arrangements in the event of this interruption of supply from our suppliers. No single category of direct material purchases represented more than 15% of our Cost of Goods Sold in fiscal year 2023. In addition to raw ingredients and packaging, we source energy and liquid fuels for our manufacturing facilities and in-house distribution assets.
We utilize various buying strategies to mitigate the impact of changes in input prices, including fixed-price forward purchases as well as commodity hedging arrangements with third parties (particularly for energy, vegetable oils, wheat, and corn). A number of external factors such as weather, commodity markets, and governmental or agricultural programs can affect the cost of raw materials used in our products. To provide greater visibility and mitigate risks, we typically look to enter into pricing arrangements covering a meaningful portion of our forecasted purchases over the next 3 to 18 months. As of December 31, 2023, we estimate that we have entered into pricing arrangements covering approximately 36% of our budgeted direct material needs in fiscal year 2024.
Manufacturing. As of February 14, 2024, we manufacture our products primarily through 10 company-operated manufacturing facilities across the United States. These include three legacy Utz facilities and seven facilities that were added over the last ten years from acquisition (for more details see Item 2 “Properties” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more details). Our facilities have the capacity to produce approximately 500 million pounds of salty snacks annually, after the effect of the Our Home Transaction, based on management’s estimate of available capacity, excluding weekly sanitation, over a seven-day work schedule, providing us with significant available capacity to accommodate increased sales. We believe this available capacity across our manufacturing footprint will enable us to leverage existing fixed costs to generate higher margins on incremental organic sales or acquired brands as well as generate potential future cost savings through consolidating our manufacturing footprint. Our manufacturing facilities are well-maintained, and we have a program to ensure appropriate maintenance capital expenditures are undertaken. We also utilize several co-manufacturers for certain products, with the most significant being our OTB branded tortilla chips as well as branded salsa and queso. In addition, pursuant to the Our Home Transaction, under reciprocal co-manufacturing agreements Our Home will co-manufacture certain of our products and we will co-manufacture certain Good Health® products. During fiscal 2022, we began investing in talent and process improvements, associated with setting up our Integrated Business Management ("IBM") process, which uses supply and demand planning to optimize manufacturing and other supply chain and logistics processes.
Distribution. We offer national distribution of our products through our flexible, hard-to-replicate distribution system that combines DSD, DTW, direct-to-consumer and distributor capabilities. We believe this hybrid system, which we have built and enhanced over nearly a century, offers us flexibility to cost-effectively distribute our products to a wide range of retail locations where salty snacks are sold. Additionally, we believe our distribution system is highly scalable, resulting in the ability to drive higher margins on incremental revenues and enabling us to realize significant cost savings when integrating acquired brands onto our established platform.
We have historically expanded the geographic reach of our distribution network from our Core Geographies, where we benefit from strong brand awareness and heritage, to our Expansion Geographies, where we have expanded both organically and through acquisitions. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we were able to expand our market share in our Expansion Geographies, led by growth in the grocery channel according to Circana data of U.S. retail sales in the salty snacks category. We plan to continue to expand our distribution and sales of Power Brands in these geographies, supported by our increased brand investments, expansion of our direct-to-customer and DSD distribution capabilities, and potentially through strategic acquisitions.
Direct-to-Warehouse: For a number of our customers, we either ship products directly from our facilities to their distribution centers or allow them to pick-up products directly from our facilities. These customers are then responsible for fulfilling shipments to their own retail stores. The DTW model is often preferred by some of our national mass, club, and grocery customers that have sufficient scale and capabilities to efficiently manage distribution and replenishment for their own retail stores.
Direct-Store-Delivery: We are one of only four scaled U.S. salty snack providers with extensive DSD capabilities. Within our DSD system, our independent operators (“IOs”) pick up products from our manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, storage facilities, or small bins and distribute and sell these products to retail stores within a geographic territory. Our DSD system provides service to both large and small customers, and it provides us a competitive advantage in expanding distribution, increasing shelf space, executing in-store merchandising activities, and ensuring products are fresh and available wherever consumers shop. Our DSD network included approximately 2,250 routes reaching over 83,000 retail stores in 2023. Our DSD routes are comprised of approximately 2,200 IOs, covering substantially all of our routes as of December 31, 2023. Over the last several years, we have converted from a predominately company-owned route sales professionals ("RSP") model toward the use of IOs. We believe this transition benefits us by creating motivated IOs and a more variable cost structure for our company. (See “Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Utz Brands Holdings - Recent Developments and Significant Items Affecting Comparability - Independent Operator Conversions” for more details).
Third Party Distributors: We also use third-party distributors in certain regions where their capabilities enhance the cost effectiveness and reach of our overall distribution system. For third-party distributors, we either ship products directly from our facilities to their distribution centers or allow them to pick up products directly from our facilities. The distributors are then responsible for selling our products to our customers and ensuring optimal retail presence within the stores they serve, utilizing both DTW and DSD capabilities. Our third-party distributors operated an additional approximately 600 DSD-style routes, reaching over 17,000 retail stores.
Direct-to-Consumer: We also distribute our products directly to consumers. Our direct-to-consumer shipments primarily originate from orders received via our company website (www.utzsnacks.com) or select third party retailer sites, including Amazon and Sam’s Club, which extend our reach to virtually every household in America. Our direct-to-consumer shipments are delivered from our central warehouse facility to consumers using FedEx, U.S. Postal Service, or other third-party carriers and is an accelerating part of our business, with the channel having grown significantly since 2019.
Food Safety and Quality. Food safety and quality are top priorities and we dedicate substantial resources to ensure that consumers receive consistently safe and high-quality food products. Our products are manufactured in facilities that have programs and controls in place regarding consistent quality and food safety. These comprehensive programs include Safe Quality Food (SQF) certifications and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) that are designed to produce a safe, wholesome product. Our suppliers are required to have similarly robust processes in place and confirm their compliance for shipments of all ingredients to be used in our products. Finally, in addition to real-time product testing during production, we frequently monitor product attributes including taste, aroma, texture, and appearance, and random samples of finished goods are regularly sent to third-party laboratories for testing and verification.
Human Capital
Each day we demonstrate the family values espoused by our founding family in our workplace culture: inclusivity, well-being and professional growth. These values are celebrated and help to drive our success which relies on our ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel whose skills, experience and industry knowledge benefit our operations and performance. Our Board of Directors (“Company Board”), Company Board committees and management oversee various associate initiatives including compensation and benefits programs, succession planning, leadership development, diversity, equity and inclusion.
We aim to both attract and retain a qualified workforce through an inclusive and accessible recruiting process and online platform, as well as by offering competitive wages, benefits, and training opportunities. We also support and develop our associates through company-wide training and development programs intended to build and strengthen associates’ leadership and professional skills.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We recognize that the diverse perspectives and backgrounds of our associates are vital for our performance, and by embracing it, we ensure that we have a workplace where every associate feels that they are valued and that they can contribute not only to our success, but their success, as well.
To foster a work environment that values all people, Utz partnered with a nationally recognized consulting firm to help develop a comprehensive diversity, equity, and inclusion strategy, which includes various aspects of human capital management, including recruiting, training, and leadership development. Since partnering with a consultant, we have developed a three year strategy that is underway that includes various initiatives, projects and actions that have yielded positive results.
As of our 2022 ESG report published in August 2023, our associate demographics in the U.S. (based on self-reported data from our associates) were:
Health and Safety
We believe that a safe and healthy workplace is essential and that the safety, health and well-being of our associates is one of our most important responsibilities. Our approach to operational health and safety is based on creating a culture of collective learning to build systems that safeguard all of our associates.
Our health and safety approach is the foundation for keeping our associates and workplaces safe and secure, and is aligned with Occupational Safety and Health Association's ("OSHA") 1910 standards and meet all regulatory requirements. We also look to International Organization for Standardization and other respected standards to inform our approach.
The pillars of our health and safety approach are as follows:
•Associate engagement: Leading indicators are used to both encourage and measure regular safety related activities throughout the organization;
•Training: Safety trainings relevant to each work group’s operation are distributed throughout the organization monthly, quarterly and/or annually;
•Compliance: Regular audits in various formats are used to review and ensure compliance with applicable agency regulations; and
•Performance metrics: Traditional OSHA metrics are maintained on a quarterly and annual basis to measure actual performance and help identify continuous improvement opportunities.
Total Rewards
We have a demonstrated history of investing in our workforce by providing competitive wages and benefits. Our benefits package includes:
•Comprehensive health insurance coverage to associates working 30 hours or more each week;
•Parental leave to all new parents for birth, adoption or foster placement;
•Short term disability to provide partial wage protection for up to 13 weeks;
•Participation in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan;
•Wellness and disease management programs, health advocacy partner and associates assistance programs;
•Health & Wellness Center - free to all Hanover-based associates and dependents covered under the health plan; and
•401(k) plan with competitive company match and profit sharing.
Employee Headcount
As of December 31, 2023, we employed approximately 3,400 full-time associates and 254 part-time associates.
Over the last several years, we have meaningfully reduced our number of full-time associates and our selling, distribution and administrative expenses through our business transformation initiatives, particularly our DSD shift from RSPs to IOs and the associated restructuring of our sales management and corporate organization structure (see “- Supply Chain - Distribution” and "Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Utz Brands Holdings - Recent Developments and Significant Items Affecting Comparability -Independent Operator Conversions” for more information). Additionally, we have reduced the number of associates and operating expenses through several network optimization initiatives that reduced our plant footprint by three plants in fiscal year 2023 and consolidated certain of our transportation and warehousing operations. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, we further reduced our number of full-time associates and our selling, distribution and administrative expenses through our business transformation initiatives, including the Our Home Transaction.
Sustainability
We recognize the importance of Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") issues for all stakeholders. We use leading ESG and sustainability frameworks and guiding principles, such as the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board ("SASB"), the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures ("TCFD") and the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals ("SDGs"), as well as stakeholder engagement to inform our ESG program. We recognize our responsibility to uphold the Company’s founding values, which for more than 100 years, have centered on working ethically, responsibly, and with integrity to benefit all of our stakeholders. We consistently look for ways to make a positive difference for our associates, customers and in the communities in which we operate. By collaborating with stakeholders, including associates, consumers, business partners, suppliers, stockholders and customers, we are taking the necessary steps to become a more sustainable company. We believe that it is in our stakeholders’ best interests that we place safety-focused, sustainability-minded, and transparent best practices at the heart of our operations. With this stakeholder framework, in 2020 we formed our ESG Committee, composed of subject matter experts from across our operations, including facilities management, packaging innovation, human resources, corporate governance, legal affairs and communications.
We released our 2022 ESG Report in August 2023, which outlines our strategic priorities for ESG matters and the continued growth of our sustainability program. To learn more about our sustainability goals, progress and initiatives, access the ESG Report by clicking “ESG” on our Investor Relations website at www.investors.utzsnacks.com. See “Available Information” below for additional information regarding our website.
Intellectual Property
We own numerous domestic and foreign trademarks and other proprietary rights that are important to our business. These include the U.S. trademark registrations, which protect certain rights in the following brands: Utz, ON THE BORDER, Zapp’s, Golden Flake, Boulder Canyon, Hawaiian, TORTIYAHS!, Tim’s Cascade, Snyder of Berlin, “Dirty”, Kitchen Cooked, Bachman and Jax, among others. Depending upon the jurisdiction, trademarks are valid as long as they are used in the regular course of trade and/or their registrations are properly maintained.
We also maintain rights to the domain names www.utzsnacks.com and www.getutz.com, among others.
We believe the protection of our intellectual property, particularly our trademarks, trade dress, trade secrets, copyrights and domain names, is important to our success. We aggressively protect our intellectual property rights by, among other methods, relying on a combination of watch services and enforcement under intellectual property laws and/or through the domain name dispute resolution system.
In addition, from time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We take proactive measures in attempts to avoid infringement of third party marks by conducting trademark clearance searches and taking other industry standard measures. However, this does not prevent third parties from asserting claims against us. We have received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. See “Risk Factors - Potential liabilities and costs from litigation, claims, legal or regulatory proceedings, inquiries or investigations can have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.” Moreover, future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves, our partners, and our customers by determining the scope, enforceability, and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish our proprietary rights.
We also license certain third-party brand names for use on our products, including the TGI Friday’s, HeluvaGood, Grillo’s Pickles, and Mike's Hot Honey. We use these trademarks in connection with production and distribution of snack products to be sold under the trademarked labels. Under some of the agreements governing our use of such trademarks, we are required to make guaranteed annual royalty payments. Sales under our trademark licensing agreements represent approximately 2.4% of our 2023 invoice sales.
In addition, we license certain of our owned brands, including Utz, for use by third parties in certain food categories (such as frozen foods), however these arrangements do not materially impact our financial position. Finally, we have historically engaged in certain cross-marketing and/or promotional activities with third parties, thereby increasing the visibility of our brands.
Seasonality
Although the demand for our products is relatively stable throughout the year as compared to other consumer goods, we have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our retail sales as a result of consumer and customer spending patterns. Historically, the months of April to September, as well as December have resulted in higher retail sales than average due to increased consumer demand during the spring and summer months and holiday season, as well as significant retailer merchandising and promotions around those times. Additionally, we have historically generated seasonal cash flow from decreases in working capital levels in the fourth quarter and invested cash flow in working capital increases in the first quarter. We expect these historical trends to continue in the future.
Government Regulation and Compliance
We are subject to various laws and regulations in the United States by federal, state and local government authorities. In the United States, the federal agencies governing the manufacture, distribution and advertising of our products include, among others, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”); the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”); the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”); the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"); and the OSHA and similar state and local agencies. Under various statutes, these agencies, among other things, prescribe the requirements and establish the standards for quality and safety and regulate marketing and advertising to consumers.
We are subject to labor and employment laws, laws governing advertising, privacy laws, safety regulations and other laws, including consumer protection regulations that regulate retailers or govern the promotion and sale of merchandise. Our operations, and those of our distributors and suppliers, also are subject to various laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and worker health and safety matters. We monitor these regulatory requirements and our compliance on a regular basis.
Available Information
Our website is www.utzsnacks.com. The information found on, or that can be accessed from or that is hyperlinked to, our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We file or furnish annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). You may obtain a copy of any of these reports, free of charge, from the Investors Relations section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that also contains these reports at: www.sec.gov. In addition, copies of the Company's annual report will be made available, free of charge, on written request to the Company.

---

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risks as well as the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We operate in a changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our operations. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. However, the selected risks described below are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or those we currently view to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. In such a case, the trading price of our securities could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in us.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our gross profit margins may be impacted by a variety of factors, including but not limited to variations in raw materials pricing, retail customer ordering patterns, requirements and mix, sales velocities and required promotional support.
Our gross profit as a percentage of net sales fluctuate as a result of competition and other factors, including product pricing, the availability and cost of commodities, raw materials pricing (including ingredients and packaging), labor costs and other global health impacts, and energy costs. Further, our gross profit margin may be impacted by shifts in the overall mix of products having a higher or lower profit margin. Should the competitive dynamic change in our industry (which could impact our margins through forces including but not limited to requiring us to alter our pricing strategy, offering a greater percentage of lower profit margin products in our overall product mix, or requiring additional promotional activity), the prices we pay for raw materials, energy or other inputs increase dramatically due to interest rate or market condition changes or other reasons, or any of our customer relationships or relationships with our IOs and third-party distributors change materially, then we may not be able to continue to operate at our current margins. We may be able to pass some or all raw material, energy and other input cost increases to customers, IOs and third-party distributors by increasing the selling prices of our products or decreasing the size of our products; however, higher product prices or decreased product sizes may cause us to be less competitive with our peers and result in a reduction in sales volume or consumption, or increased packaging costs. If we are not able to increase our selling prices or reduce product sizes sufficiently, or in a timely manner, to offset increased raw material, packaging, energy or other input costs, including freight, direct labor, overhead and employee benefits, or if our sales volume decreases significantly, there could be a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Consumers’ loyalty to our brands may change due to factors beyond our control, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Our business currently depends in a large part on repeat purchases by the same consumers, many of whom are based in our Core Geographies where we have acquired strong regional brands and distribution capabilities. We believe this purchasing pattern is indicative of loyalty to our brands. However, these consumers are under no obligation to continue to repeatedly purchase our products and could stop or materially reduce purchasing our products at any time. These consumers could cease purchasing our products for any number of reasons, some of which are beyond our control, including changing consumer trends, increasing household debt, negative publicity regarding our brand, real or perceived quality or health issues with our products, a change in consumers’ perception of BFY brands or other specialty brands, or the availability of premium-branded or lower-priced alternative snack products, or for no reason at all. Loss of consumers’ loyalty to our brands and the resulting decreased sales to consumers could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Demand for our products may be adversely affected by changes in consumer preferences and tastes or if we are unable to innovate or market our products effectively.
We are a consumer products company operating in highly competitive markets and rely on continued demand for our products. To generate revenue and profits, we must sell products that appeal to our customers and consumers. Any significant changes in consumer preferences or any inability on our part to anticipate or react to such changes could result in reduced demand for our products and erosion of our competitive and financial position. Our success depends on our ability to respond to consumer trends, including increasing concerns of consumers regarding health and wellness, obesity, product attributes and ingredients, as demonstrated through the BFY movement in our industry. In addition, changes in product category consumption or consumer demographics could result in reduced demand for our products. Consumer preferences may shift due to a variety of factors, including the changes in social trends and activity patterns. Any of these changes may affect consumers’ willingness to purchase our products and negatively impact our financial results.
Our continued success also is dependent on product innovation, such as new flavors and formats, as well as the introduction of BFY products in response to evolving consumer preference. In order to successfully compete within our industry, we must maintain a robust pipeline of new products, and effective advertising and promotional campaigns, marketing programs and product packaging. Although we devote significant resources to meet this goal, we may not be able to continue to develop and launch successful new products or variants of existing products, or to effectively execute advertising and promotional campaigns and marketing programs.
Price reductions implemented by our competitors may negatively impact our sales and shelf space, and may require us to similarly reduce costs or expend additional resources to remain competitive.
Competitors, many of whom have greater resources than us, vie for the same shelf placement and may offer incentives to retail customers that we cannot match. In addition, unattractive shelf placement and pricing may put us at a disadvantage to our competitors.
Even if we do obtain shelf space or preferable shelf placement for any of our brands, our new and existing products may fail to achieve the sales expectations set by our retail customers, potentially causing these retailers to remove our products from the shelf. Additionally, an increase in the number and quality of private-label products in the product categories in which we compete could reduce available shelf space and hamper the placement for our branded products, which could adversely affect our sales.
To obtain and keep shelf placement for our products, we may need to increase our marketing and advertising spending in order to create consumer awareness, protect and grow our existing market share or to promote new products, which could impact our operating results. Despite our efforts, our marketing and advertising efforts may not be effective, and we may not be able to protect or grow our existing market share nor successfully promote new products. In addition, we consistently evaluate our product lines to determine whether or not to discontinue certain products. Discontinuing product lines may increase our profitability but could reduce our sales and hurt our brand and consumer loyalty, and a reduction in sales of certain of our products could result in a reduction in sales of other of our products. The discontinuation of product lines may have an adverse effect on our business.
Fluctuations in our results of operations from quarter to quarter because of changes in our promotional activities may impact, and may have a disproportionate effect on, our overall financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to quarterly fluctuations due to the timing of, and demand for, consumer-driven promotional activities, which may have a disproportionate effect on our results of operations. Historically, we have offered a variety of sales and promotion incentives to our customers, IOs, and third-party distributors and consumers, such as price discounts, consumer coupons, volume rebates, cooperative marketing programs, slotting fees and in-store displays. In addition, our sales and promotion incentives are typically offered in connection with seasonal social events, holidays and sporting events. Our net sales are periodically influenced by the introduction and discontinuance of sales and promotion incentives. Reductions in overall sales and promotion incentives could impact our net sales and affect our results of operations in any particular fiscal quarter.
Our reputation or brand image might be impacted as a result of issues or concerns relating to the quality and safety of our products, ingredients or packaging, processing techniques, and other environmental, social or governance matters, which in turn could negatively impact our operating results.
In order to sell our branded products, we need to maintain a good reputation with our stakeholders, including our customers, consumers, IOs, third-party distributors, suppliers, vendors, associates and equity holders, among others. Issues related to the quality and safety of our products, ingredients packaging or processing techniques could jeopardize our image and reputation. Negative publicity related to these types of concerns, or related to product contamination or product tampering, whether valid or not and which may not be in our control, could decrease demand for our products or cause production and delivery disruptions. We may need to recall products if any of our products become unfit for consumption, and we could potentially be subject to litigation or government actions, which could result in payments of fines or damages. In addition, negative publicity related to our environmental, social or governance practices could also impact our reputation with customers, consumers, IOs, third-party distributors, suppliers, vendors, associates and equityholders, among others. Costs associated with these potential actions, as well as the potential impact on our ability to sell our products, could negatively affect our operating results.
If our products become adulterated or are mislabeled, we might need to recall those items, and we may experience product liability claims and damage to our reputation.
We have in the past and we may, in the future, need to recall some of our products, including any products that we produce for other parties under a private label, if they become adulterated or if they are mislabeled due to our fault or error, or the fault or error of any of our suppliers. We may also be liable if the consumption of any of our products cause sickness or injury to consumers. A widespread product recall could result in significant expenses due to the costs of a recall, the destruction of product inventory, losses due to the frustration of our contracts with third parties, and lost sales due to the unavailability of product for a period of time. We could also suffer losses from a significant adverse product liability judgment. A significant product recall or product liability claim could also result in adverse publicity, damage to our reputation, and a loss of consumer confidence in the safety or quality of our products, ingredients or packaging and consumer loyalty. We may not be sufficiently indemnified by our suppliers, or successfully recover under any such indemnification rights, in the event sickness or injury to consumers is caused by any of our supplier’s fault or error. In addition, if other companies recall or experience negative publicity related to a product in a category in which we compete, consumers might reduce their overall consumption of products in that category.
Slotting fees and customer charges or charge-backs for promotion allowances, cooperative advertising, and product or packaging damages, as well as undelivered or unsold food products may have a significant impact on our operating results and may disrupt our customer relationships.
Retailers in the grocery industry may charge slotting fees for access to shelf space and often enter into promotional and advertising arrangements with manufacturers that result in the sharing of promotional and advertising costs among the retail customer, distributor or manufacturer. As the retail grocery industry has consolidated and become more competitive, retail customers have sought greater participation by manufacturers in cooperative promotional and advertising arrangements and are more inclined to pass on unanticipated increases in promotional and advertising costs to distributors and manufacturers. Additionally, retailers are exhibiting a greater willingness to take deductions from distributors and manufacturers for damaged products, undelivered and unsold products or to return unsold products to distributors and manufacturers. If we are charged significant and unanticipated promotional allowances or advertising charges directly or indirectly by retail customers, or if we, our IOs, third-party distributors or our direct or indirect customers take substantial charge-backs or return material amounts of our products, the operating results and liquidity of our business could be harmed, perhaps substantially. Moreover, an unresolved disagreement with a retail customer concerning promotional allowances, advertising charges, charge-backs or returns could significantly disrupt or cause the termination of a customer relationship, immediately reducing our sales and liquidity. Because of the limited number of retail customers in the U.S. grocery market, the loss of even a single retail customer, a single stock-keeping unit previously maintained by a retail customer, or a customer of one of our significant IOs or third-party distributors, could have a long-term negative impact on our financial condition and net sales.
We do not have many contracts with our customers that require the purchase of a minimum amount of our products.
Very few of our customers provide us with firm, long-term or short-term volume purchase commitments. As a result of the absence of such contracts, we could have periods during which we have no or limited orders for our products, but we will continue to have certain fixed costs, including those to maintain our work force and other expenses that are subject to contract. We may not be able to find new customers in a timely manner to supplement periods where we experience no or limited purchase orders or recover fixed costs as a result of experiencing reduced purchase orders. Periods of no or limited purchase orders for our products could have a material adverse effect on our net income or cause us to incur losses. Unanticipated fluctuations in product requirements by our customers could result in fluctuations in our results from quarter to quarter.
We operate in the highly competitive snack food industry, which may reduce our ability to sell our products to our customers or consumers if we are unable to compete effectively.
The sales of most of our products are subject to significant competition due to factors including product quality and taste, brand awareness among consumers, access to shelf space at retail customers’ locations, price, advertising and promotion, innovation of on-trend snacks, variety of snacks offered, nutritional content, product packaging and package design. We compete in that market principally on the basis of product taste and quality, but also brand recognition and loyalty, price, marketing, advertising and the ability to satisfy specific consumer dietary needs against numerous multinational, regional and local companies, as well as emerging companies, most markedly in the BFY product segment.
Historically our growth strategy has utilized acquisitions in the salty snack industry and snack distribution channels as a means of our growth, and we believe that acquisitions will continue to be an important component of our intended growth strategy. Additionally, as a general matter, there is continuing consolidation in the snack food industry and in retail outlets for snack foods by other market participants. Although we gain benefits from the execution of our acquisition strategy, the continuing consolidation has increased, and may continue to increase, competition over such factors as promotional discounting and other price cutting techniques. Consolidation within the snack food industry and retail outlets by others may prevent us from effectively competing if others in the industry that have greater resources than us, and retail customers or potential retail customers, enter into long-term purchase contracts or promotional arrangements. Significant consolidation by others increases the possibility that we could lose one or more major customers, lose existing product authorizations at customer locations, lose market share or shelf space, increase expenditures or reduce selling prices, which could have an adverse impact on our business or financial results.
In addition, we compete with emerging companies, primarily in the BFY product segment, some of which may provide innovative or trendier snack foods. In addition, many of these emerging companies receive investment from private equity, venture capital or other investors, who may be willing to accept lower product margins or sustained losses by such competitors, while such competitors gain market share. If such emerging companies are able to attract a loyal consumer base through more innovative or trendier snack foods or offer their snack food products at lower prices than us, our market share and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Substantial advertising and promotional expenditures may also be required to maintain or improve our brands’ market position or to introduce a new product to the market, and participants in our industry have been engaging with new media, including consumer outreach through social media and web-based channels. Advertising and promotional expenditures may be ineffective if consumers prioritize price over other factors and purchase lower-cost alternatives, such as private label, generic or store branded products. Our ability to compete may also be dependent on the availability of product category-appropriate snack aisles at our retail customers’ locations and whether our products are placed in the appropriate snack aisle, such as the BFY snack food aisle or in the traditional snack food aisle. An increasing focus on BFY products and other specialty products in the marketplace will likely increase these competitive pressures within the category in future periods.
Due to the competitive landscape in the snack food industry, price increases for our products that we initiate or failure to effectively advertise and promote our products may negatively impact our financial results if not properly implemented or accepted by our customers, IOs, third-party distributors or consumers. Future price increases, such as those made in order to offset increased input costs or other expenditures, such as advertising and promotion, may reduce our overall sales volume, which could reduce our revenue and operating profit. We may not be able to implement price increases driven by higher input costs on a timely basis or at all, either of which may reduce our operating profit. Additionally, if market prices for certain inputs decline significantly, in some instances we may be required by contract to pay customers the difference or experience customer pressure to reduce the prices for our products which could lower our revenue and operating profit. Further, if our advertising or promotional efforts do not increase brand awareness or sales of our products, our expenses may increase, and our operating profit may be reduced.
We face competition in our business from private label, generic or store branded products which may result in price point pressures, leading to decreased demand for our products.
We are subject to competition from companies, including from some of our customers, that either currently manufacture or are developing products directly in competition with our products. While we manufacture certain store-branded products for our customers under a private label, these private label, generic or store-branded products may be a less expensive option for consumers than our products, making it more difficult to sell our branded products. If our customers cease to purchase our branded products or select another third-party manufacturer for their private label products, our financial results could be adversely affected. Similarly, other large retail customers or potential customers could follow similar private-label strategies. In future years, we may experience pricing pressure from our customers due to such competition, which could have a material and adverse effect on our operating results.
Changes in retail distribution arrangements can result in the loss of retail shelf space and disrupt sales of food products, causing our sales to fall.
From time to time, retailers change distribution centers that supply some of their retail stores. If a new distribution center has not previously distributed our products in that region, it may take time for a retailer’s distribution center to begin distributing new products in its region. Even if a retailer approves the distribution of products in a new region, product sales may decline while the transition in distribution takes place. If we do not get approval to have our products offered in a new distribution region or if getting this approval takes longer than anticipated, our sales and operating results may suffer.
Our DTW delivery network system relies on a significant number of brokers, wholesalers and logistics companies. Such reliance could affect our ability to effectively and profitably distribute and market products, maintain existing markets and expand business into other geographic markets.
Our DTW network system relies on a significant number of brokers, wholesalers and logistics companies to deliver our products to approximately 1,300 retailer distribution centers as of the end of our 2023 fiscal year. The ability to maintain a DTW system depends on a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of these factors include: (i) the level of demand for the brands and products which are available in a particular area surrounding a retailer distribution center; (ii) the ability to price products at levels competitive with those offered by competing producers and at prices that consumers will purchase our products; and (iii) our ability and the ability of third-party logistics companies to deliver products in the quantity and at the time ordered by brokers, wholesalers and retail customers. We may not be able to mitigate the risks related to all or any of these factors in any of our current or prospective geographic areas. To the extent that any of these factors have an adverse effect on our relationships with our brokers, wholesalers or third-party logistics companies, thus limiting maintenance and expansion of the sales market, our revenue and financial results may be adversely impacted.
Identifying new brokers, wholesalers or third-party logistics companies can be time-consuming and any resulting delay may be disruptive and costly to our business. Many of our agreements with our brokers, in particular, are terminable by either us or them after satisfaction of a short notice period. There also is no assurance that we will be able to maintain current distribution relationships or establish and maintain successful relationships with brokers, wholesalers or third-party logistics companies in new geographic distribution areas. We may have to incur significant expenses to attract and maintain brokers, wholesalers or third-party logistics companies in one or more geographic distribution areas. The occurrence of any of these factors could result in increased expense or a significant decrease in sales volume through the DTW system and harm our business and financial results.
Our DSD network system and regional third-party distributor network relies on a significant number of independent operators and third-party distributors, and such reliance could affect our ability to effectively and profitably distribute and market products, maintain existing markets and expand business into other geographic markets.
At the end of fiscal year 2023, our DSD network and regional third-party distributor network relied on approximately 2,200 IOs and third-party distributors covering approximately 600 DSD-style routes, in addition to our RSPs for the distribution and sale of our branded products and some private label products. In order to purchase from us an exclusive right to deliver our products to retail customers in a specific territory, IOs and third-party distributors must make a commitment of capital or obtain financing to purchase such rights and other equipment to conduct their business. Certain financing arrangements, through third-party lending institutions, are made available to IOs and require us to repurchase the rights granted to an IO in the event the IO defaults on its loan; we are then required to collect any shortfall from the IO, to the extent possible. The inability of the IOs to make timely payments on their financing arrangements could require us to make payments on such financing arrangements pursuant to any guarantee agreements we have in place with such IOs’ third-party lenders. If we are required to make payments under such guarantees upon default by our IOs of a significant amount under their financing arrangements, the aggregate amount of such payments, could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
The ability to maintain a DSD network and regional third-party distributor network depends on a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of these factors include: (i) the level of demand for the brands and products which are available in a particular distribution area; (ii) the ability to price products at levels competitive with those offered by competing producers; and (iii) the ability to deliver products in the quantity and at the time ordered by IOs or third-party distributors, and retail customers. There can be no assurance that we will be able to mitigate the risks related to all or any of these factors in any of our current or prospective geographic areas of distribution. To the extent that any of these factors have an adverse effect on our relationships with IOs third-party distributors, thus limiting maintenance and expansion of the sales market, our revenue and financial results may be adversely impacted.
In addition, we rely on third-party distributors to directly or indirectly promote and sell our products within their assigned distribution areas. We may reimburse third-party distributors for a portion of their costs and expenses incurred in connection with such promotional efforts. If third-party distributors do not efficiently promote our products, we may experience an adverse effect on our financial results.
Identifying new IOs and third-party distributors can be time-consuming, and any resulting delay may be disruptive and costly to the business. There also is no assurance that we will be able to maintain current distribution relationships or establish and maintain successful relationships with IOs or third-party distributors in new geographic distribution areas. There is the possibility that we will have to incur significant expenses to attract and maintain IOs and third-party distributors in one or more geographic distribution areas. The occurrence of any of these factors could result in increased expense or a significant decrease in sales volume through the DSD network and regional third-party distributor network and harm our business and financial results.
A disruption in the operation of the DSD network, regional third-party distributor network or DTW system could negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We believe that our development of our DSD network, regional third-party distributor network and DTW system is a significant competitive advantage. A material negative change in our relationship with our IOs, third-party distributors, brokers, wholesalers and logistics companies could materially and negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to operate and conduct our business. In addition, litigation or one or more adverse rulings by courts or regulatory or governmental bodies regarding our DSD network, third-party distributor network or DTW system, including actions or decisions that could affect the independent contractor classifications of the IOs, or an adverse judgment against us for actions taken by the IOs could materially and negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to operate and conduct our business.
The evolution of e-commerce sales channels may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our industry has been affected by changes to the retail landscape through sales over the Internet, including the rapid growth in sales through e-commerce websites, mobile commerce applications and subscription services as well as the integration of physical and digital operations among retailers. If we are unable to develop and maintain successful relationships with existing and new e-commerce retailers or otherwise adapt to the growing e-commerce landscape, while simultaneously maintaining relationships with our key customers, IOs and third-party distributors operating in traditional retail channels, we may be disadvantaged in certain channels and with certain customers, IOs, third-party distributors and consumers, which can adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, the growth in e-commerce may result in consumer price deflation and higher direct-to-consumer costs, which may adversely affect our margins, as well as our relationships with key retail customers and our IOs and third- party distributors. If these e-commerce retailers were to take significant additional market share away from traditional retailers or we fail to adapt to the rapidly changing retail and e-commerce landscapes, including finding ways to create more powerful digital tools and capabilities for our retail customers to enable them to grow their businesses, our ability to maintain and grow our profitability, share of sales or volume, and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
The rapid expansion of hard discounters may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The growth of hard discounters, which are focused on limiting the number of items they sell and selling predominantly private label brands, may continue to reduce our ability to sell our products through such retailers. The rapid expansion of hard discounters may, among other factors, result in consumer price deflation, which may affect our relationships with key retail customers. Failure to appropriately respond to the expansion of hard discounter retailers may reduce our ability to sell our products in retail locations where consumers may be willing to purchase them, thus adversely affecting our ability to maintain or grow our share of sales or volume, and adversely affecting our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, if hard discounters were to take significant additional market share away from traditional retailers or if we fail to adapt to the rapidly changing retail landscape, our ability to maintain and grow our profitability, share of sales or volume and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
Disruption to our manufacturing operations, supply chain or distribution channels could impair our ability to produce or deliver finished products and negatively impact our operating results.
Disruption to our manufacturing operations, our supply chain or our distribution channels, including our DSD network, regional third-party distributor network and DTW system, could result from, among other factors, the following: (i) natural disaster; (ii) pandemic, or epidemic or other outbreak of disease; (iii) adverse developments in crops or other significant ingredient shortfall, due to factors such as famine or climate conditions affecting agricultural materials; (iv) fire or explosion; (v) terrorism or other acts of violence; (vi) labor strikes or other major labor disruptions; (vii) unavailability of raw or packaging materials; (viii) operational or financial instability of key suppliers, and other vendors or service providers, including our IOs, third-party distributors, brokers, wholesalers and logistics companies; (ix) government action or economic or political uncertainties or instability affecting the manufacture, distribution or sale of our products; (x) power, fuel or water shortages; (xi) unanticipated failures to comply with regulatory requirements; and (xii) changes requiring unexpected shifts in production planning which could impact our ability to meet product demand in a cost-effective manner. If we are unable, or find that it is not financially feasible, to effectively plan for or mitigate the potential impacts of such disruptive events on our manufacturing operations or supply chain, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
Our future results of operations may be adversely affected by input cost inflation.
Many aspects of our business have been, and may continue to be, directly affected by volatile commodity costs and other market inflationary pressures. Our input costs increased significantly in fiscal years 2021 and 2022 but have since stabilized in fiscal year 2023.
Commodities and ingredients are subject to price volatility which can be caused by commodity market fluctuations, crop yields, seasonal cycles, weather conditions, temperature extremes and natural disasters (including due to the effects of climate change), pest and disease problems, changes in currency exchange rates, imbalances between supply and demand, and government programs and policies among other factors. Volatile fuel costs translate into unpredictable costs for the products and services we receive from our third-party providers including, but not limited to, distribution costs for our products and packaging costs.
While we seek to offset increased input costs with a combination of price increases to our customers, purchasing strategies, cost savings initiatives and operating efficiencies, we may be unable to fully offset our increased costs or unable to do so in a timely manner. If we are unable to fully offset such cost increases, our financial results could be materially adversely affected.
Our results could be adversely impacted as a result of increased labor and associate-related expenses.
Inflationary pressures and any shortages in the labor market could increase labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated operating results or financial condition. Our labor costs include the cost of providing associate benefits, including health and welfare, and severance benefits. The annual costs of benefits vary with increased costs of health care and the outcome of, in certain locations, collectively-bargained wage and benefit agreements.
Various federal and state labor laws govern our relationships with our associates and affect operating costs. These laws include associate classifications as exempt or non-exempt, minimum wage requirements, unemployment tax rates, workers’ compensation rates, overtime, family leave, safety standards, payroll taxes, citizenship requirements and other wage and benefit requirements for associates classified as non-exempt. Significant additional government regulations could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
A continued shortage of qualified labor could negatively affect our business and materially reduce earnings.
We have experienced shortages of qualified labor across our operations. Participants in our supply chain have also experienced shortages of qualified labor. The future success of our operations, including the achievement of our strategic objectives, depends on our ability, and the ability of third parties on which we rely to supply and to deliver our products, to identify, recruit, develop and retain qualified and talented individuals. As a result, any shortage of qualified labor could significantly and adversely affect our business. Associate recruitment, development and retention efforts that we or such third parties undertake may not be successful, which could result in a shortage of qualified individuals in future periods. Any such shortage could decrease our ability to effectively produce and deliver our products to our customers and consumers, and to achieve our strategic objectives. Such a shortage would also likely lead to higher wages for associates (or higher costs to purchase the services of such third parties) and a corresponding reduction in our results of operations. In the current operating environment, we are experiencing a shortage of qualified labor in certain geographies, particularly hourly workers, resulting in increased costs from certain temporary wage actions, such as hiring and referral and retention bonus program. A continuation of such shortages for a prolonged period of time could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
The loss of, or a significant reduction in sales to, any key customer can adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our customers include wholesale and other distributors, grocery stores, convenience and drug stores, discount stores, mass merchandisers, membership club stores, hard discounters, and specialty and e-commerce retailers, among others. We must maintain mutually beneficial relationships with our key customers to compete effectively. Any inability to resolve a significant dispute with any of our key customers, a change in the business condition (financial or otherwise) of any of our key customers, even if unrelated to us, a significant reduction in sales to any key customer, or the loss of any of our key customers can adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected by increased costs, disruption of supply or shortages of raw materials, energy, water and other supplies.
We and our business partners use various raw materials, energy, water and other supplies in our business. Our supply chain, including our raw materials and other supplies, may be disrupted by unfavorable economic conditions and other disruptions to free and open trade of materials used in our products. In addition, some of our raw materials and other supplies are available from a limited number of suppliers or a sole supplier or are in short supply when seasonal demand is at its peak. We may not be able to maintain favorable arrangements and relationships with our suppliers and our contingency plans, including development of ingredients, materials or supplies to replace ingredients, materials or supplies sourced from such suppliers, may not be effective in preventing disruptions that may arise from shortages or discontinuation of any ingredient that is sourced from such suppliers. In addition, increasing focus on climate change, deforestation, water conservation, animal welfare and human rights concerns and other risks associated with the global food system may lead to increased activism focusing on consumer goods companies, governmental intervention and consumer response, and could adversely affect our or our suppliers’ reputation and business and our ability to procure the materials we need to operate our business.
The raw materials and energy, including electricity, fuel and natural gas, that we use for the manufacturing, production and distribution of our products are largely commodities that are subject to price volatility and fluctuations in availability caused by many factors, including changes in global supply and demand, weather conditions (including any potential effects of climate change), fire, natural disasters, disease or pests, agricultural uncertainty, pandemics, epidemics or other outbreak of disease, governmental incentives and controls (including import/export restrictions, such as new or increased tariffs, sanctions, quotas or trade barriers), limited or sole sources of supply, political uncertainties, acts of terrorism, governmental instability or currency exchange rates.
Shortage of some of these raw materials and other supplies, sustained interruption in their supply or an increase in their costs could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Many of our ingredients, raw materials and commodities are purchased in the open market. The prices we pay for such items are subject to fluctuation, and we manage this risk through the use of fixed-price contracts and purchase orders, pricing agreements and derivative instruments, including options and futures. If commodity price changes result in unexpected or significant increases in raw materials and energy costs, we may be unwilling or unable to increase our product prices or unable to effectively hedge against commodity price increases to offset these increased costs without suffering reduced volume, revenue, margins and operating results. In addition, certain of the derivatives used to hedge price risk do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and, therefore, can result in increased volatility in our net earnings in any given period due to changes in the spot or market prices of the underlying commodities.
Water is a limited resource in many parts of the world. The lack of available water of acceptable quality and increasing pressure to conserve water in areas of scarcity and stress may lead to supply chain disruption; adverse effects on our operations; higher compliance costs; capital expenditures (including additional investments in the development of technologies to enhance water efficiency and reduce water consumption); higher production costs; the cessation of operations at, or relocation of, our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers, contract manufacturers, distributors, joint venture partners or other third parties; or damage to our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We rely on local government and municipal agencies to provide several resources, including water, electricity and natural gas, in such quantities and of such quality to be of use as inputs for our products. These local government and municipal agencies are subject to various regulations and political pressures from numerous stakeholders, which may cause them to conserve resources or fail to protect the quality of these resources, at times when we rely on them to timely deliver our products to our customers. If these agencies are unable or unwilling to deliver resources of a suitable quantity or quality we may not be able to deliver products in the quantity and at the time ordered by our customers, IOs, third-party distributors, brokers, wholesalers and retail customers, which may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations.
Pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks may change or disrupt consumption and trade patterns, supply chains, and production processes, which could materially affect our operations and results of operations.
Pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks could significantly change consumption patterns for our products. These changes could force us to rapidly adapt to those new patterns, and, if we do not, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks, may depress or otherwise impact demand for our products because quarantines may inhibit consumption or as the result of other factors. Restrictions on public gatherings or interactions may also limit the opportunity for our customers and consumers to purchase our products, especially in certain of our sales channels, such as food service. Any economic downturn caused by any pandemic, epidemic or other disease outbreak may also cause substantial changes in consumer behavior, some of which we may not be able to predict with certainty, including:
•A shift in consumer preference toward private label products and changes in consumer behavior to retail outlets that do not sell any, or a significant portion, of our products, such as hard discounters. See “- Disruptions in the worldwide economy may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations."
•Rapid growth in sales through e-commerce websites, mobile commerce applications and subscription services, which is a channel through which we may not be able to effectively compete. See “- The evolution of e-commerce sales channels may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.”
The spread of pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks may also disrupt logistics necessary to distribute products to us or our customers. Ports and other channels of entry may be closed or operate at only a portion of capacity, as workers may be prohibited or otherwise unable to report to work and means of transporting products within regions may be limited for the same reason.
Our operations, or those of suppliers and other members of our supply chain, or IOs, third-party distributors and other participants in our distribution channels may become limited in their ability to procure, distribute, or produce our products because of transport restrictions related to quarantines or travel bans.
Workforce limitations and travel restrictions resulting from pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks and related government actions may impact many aspects of our business. If a significant percentage of our workforce is unable to work, including because of catastrophes, illness, travel or government restrictions in connection with pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks, our operations may be negatively impacted.
We have developed, and periodically update, our contingency plans to address disruptions such as pandemics, epidemics and other disease outbreaks, or similar disruption in our operations. If in the event of such a disruption our contingency plans are partially, or entirely, ineffective our operations and results of operations could be materially and adversely harmed.
Labor costs and logistical costs are increasing in the current economic climate, which has adversely affected our business operations and results of operations. These rising costs, as well as any increase in commodity costs may adversely affect our business operations and results of operations in the future. Our efforts to raise prices may not be successful at offsetting these cost increases and may have other adverse effects.
We have experienced operational challenges to our production facilities and logistics networks, shortage of labor and impacts from increases in prices of packaging materials.
In response to these inflationary costs, we have instituted price increases for our products. We cannot assure you that these price increases will be accepted by our customers without significant loss of sales, and we cannot guarantee that the price increases will sufficiently offset the inflationary pressures. If compressed gross profits continue or if we experience a loss of sales due to price increases, we may not be able to undertake future initiatives to drive growth.
Our financial position may be adversely affected by an unexpected event carrying an insurance obligation for which we have inadequate coverage.
We are primarily self-insured, up to certain limits, for associate group health claims. We purchase stop-loss insurance, which will reimburse us for individual and aggregate claims in excess of certain annual established limits. We are also primarily self-insured through large deductible insurance plans for automobile, general liability and workers’ compensation. We have utilized a number of different insurance vehicles and programs for these insurable risks and recognize expenses and reserves in accordance with the provisions of each insurance vehicle/program. We believe that our insurance coverage is customary for businesses of our size and type. However, there are types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not commercially reasonable to insure. These losses, should they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, the cost of insurance fluctuates based upon our historical trends, market conditions, and availability.
We estimate the liabilities and required reserves associated with the risks we retain. Any such estimate or actuarial projection of losses is subject to a considerable degree of variability. Among the causes of this variability are changes in benefit levels, medical fee schedules, medical utilization guidelines, severity of injuries and accidents, vocation, rehabilitation and apportionment and unpredictable external factors affecting inflation rates, discount rates, rising healthcare costs, litigation trends, legal interpretations, benefit level changes, actual claim settlement patterns, and pandemics, epidemics and other disease outbreaks. If actual losses incurred are greater than those anticipated, our reserves may be insufficient and additional costs could be recorded in our consolidated financial statements. If we suffer a substantial loss that exceeds our self-insurance reserves, and any excess insurance coverage, the loss and attendant expenses could harm our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We have purchased stop-loss coverage from third parties for certain associate healthcare plans, which limits our exposure above the amounts we have self-insured.
In addition, while we currently maintain insurance coverage that is intended to address certain costs associated with aspects of our business, this insurance coverage, to the extent we utilize it, may not, depending on the specific facts and circumstances surrounding an incident, may be insufficient to cover the actual losses or the types of claims that arise from an incident, or the damage to our reputation or brands that may result from an incident.
Changes in the legal and regulatory environment could limit our business activities, increase our operating costs, reduce demand for our products or result in litigation.
The conduct of our businesses, including the procurement, production, storage, distribution, sale, display, advertising, marketing, labeling, health and safety practices, transportation and use of many of our products, are subject to various laws and regulations administered by federal, state and local governmental agencies in the United States, as well as to laws and regulations administered by government entities and agencies outside the United States in markets in which our products or components thereof (such as packaging) may be made, manufactured or sold. These laws and regulations and interpretations thereof may change, sometimes dramatically, as a result of a variety of factors, including political, economic or social events. Such changes may include changes in:
•Food and drug laws (including FDA regulations and other applicable regulations);
•Laws related to product labeling, including but not limited to California’s Proposition 65;
•Advertising and marketing laws and practices;
•Laws and programs restricting the sale and advertising of certain of our products;
•Laws and programs aimed at reducing, restricting or eliminating ingredients present in certain of our products;
•Laws and programs aimed at discouraging the consumption of products or ingredients or altering the package or portion size of certain of our products;
•Increased regulatory scrutiny of, and increased litigation involving, product claims and concerns regarding the effects on consumers’ health from ingredients in, or attributes of, certain of our products;
•Farming and environmental laws;
•Taxation requirements, including the imposition or proposed imposition of new or increased taxes or other limitations on the sale of our products;
•State consumer protection and disclosure laws;
•Anti-corruption laws;
•Laws regulating transportation, including the use of motor vehicles;
•Employment and labor laws, including laws regulating associate or independent contractor classification;
•Privacy laws;
•Export control laws;
•Laws regulating the price we may charge for our products; and
•Competition or antitrust laws.
New laws, regulations or governmental policy and their related interpretations, or changes in any of the foregoing, including taxes or other limitations on the sale of our products, ingredients contained in our products or commodities used in the production of our products, may alter the environment in which we do business and, therefore, may impact our operating results or increase our costs or liabilities.
As a food manufacturing company, all of our products must be compliant with regulations by various governmental authorities, the laws of the various states and localities where we operate and sell products, and a number of our products rely on independent certifications from regulatory agencies to label our products adequately and in compliance with laws and regulations. Any non-compliance with regulations or certification could harm our business.
We must comply with various FDA, FTC and USDA rules and regulations and the various state and localities where we operate and sell products (“Local Laws”), including those regarding product manufacturing, food safety, required testing and appropriate labeling of our products. It is possible that FDA, FTC and USDA regulations thereof may change over time. As such, there is a risk that our products could become non-compliant with the applicable regulations and any such non-compliance could harm our business. In addition, we rely on independent certification of our non-genetically modified organisms (“GMO”), organic, gluten-free and Kosher products and must comply with the requirements of independent organizations or certification authorities in order to label our products as such. Currently, the FDA does not directly regulate the labeling of Kosher or non-GMO products as such. The FDA has defined the term “gluten-free” and we must comply with the FDA’s definition if we include this label on our products. Our products could lose their non-GMO and gluten-free certifications if our raw material suppliers lose their product certifications for those specified claims. We could also lose our Kosher product certification if our production facility or a contract manufacturing plant is found to be in violation of required manufacturing or cleaning processes. The loss of any of these independent certifications, including for reasons outside of our control, could harm our business.
We also must comply with state rules and regulations, including Proposition 65 in California, which requires a specific warning on or relating to any product that contains a substance listed by the State of California as having been found to cause cancer or birth defects or other reproductive harm, unless the level of such substance in the product is below a safe harbor level established by the State of California. Interpretation and application of such rules, including potential differences in application on a state-by-state basis, may give rise to uncertainty as to the appropriate labeling and formulation of our products. In addition, the FDA has adopted labeling guidelines that will affect the labeling of both the front and back of many of our products. We are continually reviewing and revising our labeling activities in advance of new or changed requirements in anticipation of any rules coming into effect and in response to industry litigation trends. The imposition or proposed imposition of additional product labeling or warning requirements may reduce overall consumption of our products, lead to negative publicity (whether based on scientific fact or not) or leave consumers with the perception (whether or not valid) that our products do not meet their health and wellness needs, resulting in adverse effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our future results of operations may be adversely affected by the availability of ingredients.
Our ability to ensure a continuing supply of ingredients at competitive prices depends on many factors beyond our control, such as climate conditions, increased demand for ingredients by our competitors, changes in national and world economic conditions, currency fluctuations and forecasting adequate need of seasonal ingredients.
The ingredients that we use in the production of our products (including, among others, fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains) are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, water scarcity, temperature extremes, frosts, earthquakes and pestilences. Natural disasters and adverse weather conditions can lower crop yields and reduce crop size and crop quality, which in turn could reduce our supplies of ingredients or increase the prices of ingredients. Such natural disasters and adverse weather conditions can be caused or exacerbated by climate change. If our supplies of ingredients are reduced, we may not be able to find enough supplemental supply sources on favorable terms, if at all, which could impact our ability to supply products to our customers and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We also compete with other manufacturers in the procurement of product ingredients, which may be less plentiful in the open market than conventional product ingredients. This competition may increase in the future if consumer demand for products increases. This could cause our expenses to increase or could limit the amount of products that we can manufacture and sell.
Potential liabilities and costs from litigation, claims, legal or regulatory proceedings, inquiries or investigations can have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We and our subsidiaries are party to a variety of litigation, claims, legal or regulatory proceedings, inquiries and investigations, including but not limited to matters related to our advertising, marketing or commercial practices; product labels; the difference between the actual capacity of a container and the volume of product contained in such container (which is referred to as “slack fill”), claims and ingredients; our intellectual property rights; environmental, privacy, employment, tax and insurance matters; and matters relating to our compliance with applicable laws and regulations. We evaluate such matters to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses and establish reserves as we deem appropriate. These matters are inherently uncertain and there is no guarantee that we will be successful in defending ourselves in these matters, or that our assessment of the materiality of these matters and the likely outcome or potential losses and established reserves will be consistent with the ultimate outcome of such matters. In the event that management’s assessment of actual or potential claims and proceedings proves inaccurate or litigation, claims, proceedings, inquiries or investigations that are material arise in the future, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Responding to litigation, claims, proceedings, inquiries, and investigations, even those that are ultimately non-meritorious, requires us to incur significant expense and devote significant resources, including the time and attention of our management, and may generate adverse publicity that damages our reputation or brand image, resulting in an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may be unable to successfully identify and execute or integrate acquisitions.
We have periodically acquired other businesses or business assets and we plan to selectively pursue acquisitions in the future to continue to grow and increase our profitability. Our acquisition strategy is based on identifying and acquiring brands with products that complement our existing products and identifying and acquiring brands in new categories and in new geographies for purposes of expanding our platform of snack foods. Although we regularly evaluate multiple acquisition candidates, we cannot be certain that we will be able to successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, negotiate acquisitions of identified candidates on terms acceptable to us, or integrate acquisitions that we complete.
Our acquisition strategy involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including intense competition for suitable acquisition targets, which could increase valuations or adversely affect our ability to consummate deals on favorable or acceptable terms, the potential unavailability of financial resources necessary to consummate acquisitions in the future, the risk that we improperly value and price a target, the inability to identify all of the risks and liabilities inherent in a target company notwithstanding our due diligence efforts, the diversion of management’s attention from the operations of our business and strain on our existing personnel, increased leverage due to additional debt financing that may be required to complete an acquisition, dilution of our stockholder’s net current book value per share if we issue additional equity securities to finance an acquisition, difficulties in identifying suitable acquisition targets or in completing any transactions identified on sufficiently favorable terms and the need to obtain regulatory or other governmental approvals that may be necessary to complete acquisitions.
In addition, any future acquisitions may pose risks associated with entry into new geographic markets, including outside the United States, distribution channels, lines of business or product categories, where we may not have significant or any prior experience and where we may not be as successful or profitable as we are in businesses and geographic regions where we have greater familiarity and brand recognition. Potential acquisitions may also entail significant transaction costs and require a significant amount of management time, even where we are unable to consummate or decide not to pursue a particular transaction.
In addition, even when acquisitions are completed, integration of acquired entities and business lines can involve significant difficulties, such as failure to achieve financial or operating objectives with respect to an acquisition; strain on our personnel, systems and operational and managerial controls and procedures; the need to modify systems or to add management resources; difficulties in the integration and retention of customers or personnel and the integration and effective deployment of operations or technologies; amortization of acquired assets (which would reduce future reported earnings); possible adverse short-term effects on cash flows or operating results; diversion of management’s attention from the operations of our business; integrating personnel with diverse backgrounds and organizational cultures; coordinating sales and marketing functions; and failure to retain key personnel of an acquired business. Failure to manage these acquisition growth risks could have an adverse effect on us.
The geographic concentration of our markets may adversely impact us if we are unable to effectively diversify the markets in which we participate.
Our legacy business has been heavily concentrated in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. In recent years, however, through a series of acquisitions, we have expanded our geographic footprint to include locations across the United States. This expansion, however, is relatively recent and we remain subject to the risks associated with entry into new geographic markets, including failure to achieve financial or operating objectives with respect to the newly expanded regions. See “- We may be unable to successfully identify and execute or integrate acquisitions” for a summary of risks associated with our geographic expansion and acquisition strategy. Further, it is possible that the failure to effectively integrate acquired companies based in new geographic markets may frustrate our goal of diversifying our geographic presence, following which we may remain vulnerable to the financial risks associated with the lack of diversity.
We may not be able to attract and retain the highly skilled people we need to support our business.
We depend on the skills and continued service of key personnel, including our experienced management team. In addition, our ability to achieve our strategic and operating goals depends on our ability to identify, hire, train and retain qualified individuals. We also compete with other companies both within and outside of our industry for talented personnel, and we may lose key personnel or fail to attract, train and retain other talented personnel. Any such loss or failure may adversely affect our business or financial results. We may also lose the service of key personnel and significant portions of our workforce for extended periods of time due to pandemics, epidemics or other disease outbreaks.
Our ability to be successful is also dependent upon the efforts of the Company Board and key personnel to oversee and operate a public company. We cannot assure you that the Company Board and our key personnel will be effective or successful or remain with us. In addition to the other challenges they will face, such individuals may be unfamiliar with certain requirements of operating a public company, which could cause our management to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such requirements.
Activities related to identifying, recruiting, hiring and integrating qualified individuals may require significant time and expense. We may not be able to locate suitable replacements for any members of the Company Board or key personnel who leave or suffer extended illness or disability, or offer employment to potential replacements on reasonable terms, each of which may adversely affect our business and financial results.
A portion of our workforce is represented by unions. Failure to successfully negotiate collective bargaining agreements, or strikes or work stoppages, could cause our business to suffer.
Some of our associates are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and other associates may seek to be covered by collective bargaining agreements. Strikes or work stoppages or other business interruptions could occur if we are unable to renew these agreements on satisfactory terms or enter into new agreements on satisfactory terms or if we are unable to otherwise manage changes in, or that affect, our workforce, which could impair manufacturing and distribution of our products or result in a loss of sales, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations. The terms and conditions of existing, renegotiated or new collective bargaining agreements could also increase our costs or otherwise affect our ability to fully implement future operational changes to enhance our efficiency or to adapt to changing business needs or strategy.
We may not be successful in implementing our growth strategy, including without limitation, increasing distribution of our products, attracting new consumers to our brands, driving repeat purchase of our products, enhancing our brand recognition, and introducing new products and product extensions, in each case in a cost-effective manner, on a timely basis, or at all.
Our future success depends in large part on our ability to implement our growth strategy, including without limitation, increasing distribution of our products, attracting new consumers to our brands, driving repeat purchase of our products, enhancing our brand recognition and introducing new products and product extensions. Our ability to implement our growth strategy depends, among other things, on our ability to develop new products, identify and acquire additional product lines and businesses, secure shelf space from retail customers, increase customer and consumer awareness of our brands, enter into distribution and other strategic arrangements with third-party retailers and other potential distributors of our products and compete with numerous other companies and products. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully implement our growth strategy and continue to maintain growth in our sales. If we fail to implement our growth strategy, our sales and profitability may be adversely affected.
Our continued success depends, to a large extent, on our ability to successfully and cost-effectively develop and innovate our product offerings in response to changing consumer preferences and trends with respect to forms, flavors, textures and ingredients. As such, the level of new product innovation and the speed to market with these innovations are critical components of our business. The development and introduction of new products requires substantial research and development and marketing expenditures, which we may be unable to recover if the new products do not achieve commercial success and gain widespread market acceptance. Such failures may arise if our new products do not reach the market in a timely manner or fail to align with consumer tastes, which may occur for many reasons, including our non-exclusive collaboration with third-party seasoning and flavor houses. Product innovation may also result in increased costs resulting from the use of new manufacturing techniques, capital equipment expenditures, new raw materials and ingredients, new product formulas and possibly new manufacturers. There may also be regulatory restrictions on the production and advertising of our new products, and our new products may cannibalize sales of our existing products. In addition, under-performance of new product launches may damage overall brand credibility with customers and consumers. Further, new products may not achieve success in the marketplace, due to lack of demand, failure to meet consumer tastes or otherwise. If we are unsuccessful in our product innovation efforts and demand for our products declines, our business would be negatively affected.
Impairment in the carrying value of goodwill or other intangible assets could have an adverse impact on our financial results.
The net carrying value of goodwill represents the fair value of acquired businesses in excess of identifiable assets and liabilities, and the net carrying value of other intangibles represents the fair value of trademarks, customer relationships, route intangibles and other acquired intangibles. Pursuant to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we are required to perform impairment tests on our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually, or at any time when events occur, which could impact the value of our reporting unit or our indefinite-lived intangibles. These values depend on a variety of factors, including the success of our business, market conditions, earnings growth and expected cash flows. Impairments to goodwill and other intangible assets may be caused by factors outside our control, such as increasing competitive pricing pressures, changes in discount rates based on changes in cost of capital or lower than expected sales and profit growth rates. In addition, if we see the need to consolidate certain brands, we could experience impairment of our trademark intangible assets. There were no adjustments for impairments recorded in fiscal years 2023, 2022 or 2021, apart from an impairment related to our termination of a master distribution right of approximately $2.0 million in fiscal 2022. Significant and unanticipated changes in our business could require additional non-cash charges for impairment in a future period which may significantly affect our financial results in the period of such charge.
Disruptions in the worldwide economy may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Adverse and uncertain economic conditions may affect distributor, retailer and consumer demand for our products. In addition, our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our suppliers, contract manufacturers, distributors, retailers, consumers and creditors may suffer. Consumers may shift purchases to lower-priced or other perceived value offerings during economic downturns, making it more difficult to sell our premium products. Due to the relative costs of our products, during economic downturns, it may be more difficult to convince consumers to switch to or continue to use our brands or convince new users to choose our brands without expensive sampling programs and price promotions. In particular, consumers may reduce their purchases of products without GMOs, gluten or preservatives when there are conventional offerings of similar products, which generally have lower retail prices. In addition, consumers may choose to purchase private-label products rather than branded products because they are generally less expensive. Shifts in consumer spending could result in increased pressure from competitors or customers that may require us to increase promotional spending or reduce the prices of some of our products, or limit our ability to increase or maintain prices, which could lower our revenue and profitability. Distributors and retailers may become more conservative in their ordering in response to these conditions and seek to reduce their inventories. Our results of operations depend on, among other things, our ability to maintain and increase sales volume with our existing distributors and retailers, to attract new consumers and to provide products that appeal to consumers at prices they are willing and able to pay. Prolonged unfavorable economic conditions may have an adverse effect on our sales and profitability.
Instability in financial markets may also impact our ability, or increase the cost, to enter into new credit agreements in the future. Additionally, it may weaken the ability of our customers, suppliers, IOs, third- party distributors, banks, insurance companies and other business partners to perform their obligations in the normal course of business, which could expose us to losses or disrupt the supply of inputs we rely upon to conduct our business. If one or more of our key business partners fail to perform as expected or are contracted for any reason, our business could be negatively impacted.
Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products and brands. However, if consumers do not identify with our trademarks or other intellectual property rights, our brand may be significantly and adversely impaired.
We consider our intellectual property rights, particularly our trademarks, to be a significant and valuable aspect of our business. We protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of trademark, trade dress, patent, copyright and trade secret protection, contractual agreements and policing of third-party misuses of our intellectual property. Our failure to obtain or adequately protect our intellectual property or any change in law that lessens or removes the current legal protections of our intellectual property may diminish our competitiveness and adversely affect our business and financial results.
Competing intellectual property claims that impact our brands or products may arise unexpectedly. Any litigation or disputes regarding intellectual property may be costly and time-consuming and may divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. We also may be subject to significant damages or injunctions against development, launch and sale of certain products. Any of these occurrences may harm our business and financial results.
While we believe that our trademarks and other intellectual property rights provide our business with significant value, we cannot make any assurances that consumers adequately identify with, or will continue to identify with, our trademarks and other intellectual property rights. If consumers do not identify with our trademarks and other intellectual property rights, our brand may be significantly and adversely impaired.
Disruptions, failures or security breaches of our information technology infrastructure could have a negative impact on our operations.
Information technology is critically important to our business operations. We use information technology to manage all business processes including manufacturing, financial, logistics, sales, marketing and administrative functions. These processes collect, interpret and distribute business data and facilitate communication internally and externally with associates, suppliers, customers and others.
We are, or may become, the target of attempted cyber and other security threats. Therefore, we continuously monitor and update our information technology networks and infrastructure to prevent, detect, address and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses and other events that could have a security impact. We invest in industry standard security technology to protect our data and business processes against risk of data security breach and cyber-attack. Our data security management program includes identity, trust, vulnerability and threat management business processes as well as adoption of standard data protection policies. We measure our data security effectiveness through industry accepted methods and remediate significant findings. We maintain and routinely test backup systems and disaster recovery, along with external network security penetration testing by an independent third party as part of our business continuity preparedness. We also have processes in place to prevent disruptions resulting from the implementation of new software and systems of the latest technology.
While we have previously been subject to cyber-attacks and other security breaches, these incidents did not have a significant impact on our business operations. We believe our security technology tools and processes provide adequate measures of protection against security breaches and reduce cybersecurity risks. Nevertheless, despite continued vigilance in these areas, disruptions in or failures of information technology systems are possible and could have a negative impact on our operations or business reputation. Failure of our systems, including failures due to cyber-attacks that would prevent the ability of systems to function as intended, could cause transaction errors, loss of customers and sales, and could have negative consequences to our company, our associates and those with whom we do business. This in turn could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the cost to remediate any damages to our information technology systems suffered as a result of a cyber-attack could be significant.
Improper use or misuse of social media may have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.
In recent years we have expanded our consumer outreach and communications through use of various social media platforms. However, misuse of social media platforms by individuals, customers, consumers, competitors, or associates may result in unfavorable media attention which could negatively affect our business. Further, our competitors are increasingly using social media platforms to market and advertise products. If we are unable to adequately develop and deploy social media accounts on such platforms it could adversely affect our financial results.
Climate change or legal, regulatory or market measures to address climate change may negatively affect our business and operations or damage our reputation.
There is concern that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have an adverse impact on global temperatures, weather patterns and the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters. In the event that such climate change has a negative effect on agricultural productivity, we may be subject to decreased availability or less favorable pricing for certain commodities that are necessary for our products, such as potatoes, oil, flour, wheat, corn, cheese, spices, seasonings and packaging materials. Natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, such as a severe drought, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, wildfire or flooding, may disrupt the productivity of our facilities or the operation of our supply chain and unfavorably impact the demand for, or our consumers’ ability to purchase, our products.
Concern over climate change may result in new or increased regional, federal or global legal and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases. In the event that such regulation is more stringent than current regulatory obligations or the measures that we are currently undertaking to monitor and improve our energy efficiency, we may experience disruptions in, or significant increases in our costs of, operation and delivery and be required to make additional investments in facilities and equipment or relocate our facilities. In particular, increasing regulation of fuel emissions can substantially increase the cost of energy, including fuel, required to operate our facilities’ production lines, or transport and distribute our products, thereby substantially increasing the distribution and supply chain costs associated with our products. As a result, the effects of climate change can negatively affect our business and operations.
In addition, any failure to achieve our goals with respect to reducing our impact on the environment or perception (whether or not valid) of our failure to act responsibly with respect to the environment or to effectively respond to new, or changes in, legal or regulatory requirements concerning climate change can lead to adverse publicity, resulting in an adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition or results of operations.
There is also increased focus, including by governmental and non-governmental organizations, investors, customers and consumers on these and other environmental sustainability matters, including deforestation, land use, climate impact and recyclability or recoverability of packaging, including plastic. Our reputation can be damaged if we or others in our industry do not act, or are perceived not to act, responsibly with respect to our impact on the environment.
Liabilities, claims or new laws or regulations with respect to environmental matters could have a significant negative impact on our business.
As with other companies engaged in similar businesses, the nature of our operations exposes us to the risk of liabilities and claims with respect to environmental matters, including those relating to the disposal and release of hazardous substances. Furthermore, our operations are governed by laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and worker health, which, among other things, regulate associate exposure to hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Any material costs incurred in connection with such liabilities or claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The increasing global focus on climate change and the need for corporate change may lead to new environmental laws and regulations that impact our business. Any such laws or regulations enacted in the future, or any changes in how existing laws or regulations will be enforced, administered or interpreted, may lead to an increase in compliance costs, cause us to change the way we operate or expose us to additional risk of liabilities and claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to increasing focus on ESG issues, including those related to climate change, and any perceived failure by us to meet ESG initiatives may negatively impact our business.
As climate change, land use, water use, deforestation, recyclability or recoverability of packaging, plastic waste, ingredients and other ESG and sustainability concerns become more prevalent, federal, state and local governments, non-governmental organizations and our customers, consumers and investors are increasingly sensitive to these issues. This increased focus on sustainability may result in new laws, regulations and requirements that could cause disruptions in or increased costs associated with developing, manufacturing and distributing our products. We could also lose revenue if our consumers change brands, our customers refuse to buy our products, or investors choose not to invest in our common stock if we do not meet their ESG and sustainability expectations. For example, during 2021, some of our major customers requested we respond to various questionnaires to evaluate our ESG efforts. Efforts to meet these standards could impact our costs, and failure to meet our customers’ expectations could impact our sales and business reputation. While we strive to minimize the environmental impact of our global operations, we may experience reduced demand for our products and loss of customers if we do not meet their ESG expectations, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our debt instruments contain covenants that impose restrictions on our operations that may adversely affect our ability to operate our business if we fail to meet those covenants or otherwise suffer a default thereunder.
Our debt instruments require us to comply with certain covenants before engaging in certain activities and terms which may limit our ability to enter into new acquisitions, licenses, mergers, and to take on new debt and sell assets. The terms of our debt instruments could adversely affect our operations and limit our ability to plan for or respond to changes in our business. These and other terms in the debt instruments have to be monitored closely for compliance and could restrict our ability to grow our business or enter into transactions that we believe will be beneficial to our business. If we are unable to comply with covenants in the agreements, commitments by the lenders thereunder may be terminated and the repayment of our indebtedness may be accelerated.
In addition, certain of our debt instruments are secured by a portfolio of 15 of our real estate assets, representing a majority of our real estate assets, including manufacturing plants, warehouses, and offices. In the event the secured party exercises its remedies with respect to our real estate assets, we could suffer material and adverse effects on our business, assets and results of operations.
Changes in interest rates may adversely affect our earnings and/or cash flows.
As of December 31, 2023, we had borrowed an aggregate of $851.5 million subject to variable interest rate terms. In the future, we may have additional debt outstanding with exposure to interest rate risk. As a result, we may be adversely impacted by rising interest rates. Also, at December 31, 2023, we held derivative instruments whose market values are subject to changes in the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) rate. These derivative instruments have resulted, and may continue to result, in volatility in our financial results due to interest rate fluctuations.
The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), discontinued certain tenors of LIBOR in 2021 and intend to phased out the remaining tenors of LIBOR in 2023. The transition from LIBOR to other benchmarks has been the subject of private sector and governmental activity. During fiscal year 2022, we amended our credit agreement to change the reference interest rate applicable to revolving loan borrowings in U.S. dollars from LIBOR to a rate based on the adjusted term SOFR rate (as defined in each of our loan agreements).
It is unclear if alternative rates or benchmarks, such as SOFR, will be widely adopted, and this uncertainty may impact the liquidity of the SOFR loan markets. In addition, the transition from LIBOR could have a significant impact on the overall interest rate environment and on our borrowing costs. While we do not expect the transition from LIBOR and the risks related thereto to have a material adverse effect on us, it remains uncertain at this time.
Increases in income tax rates, changes in income tax laws or disagreements with tax authorities can adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Increases in income tax rates or other changes in income tax laws in the United States or any particular jurisdiction in which we operate can reduce our after-tax income from such jurisdiction and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. An increase in tax rates would also cause a corresponding increase in the Company’s TRA liability as the Company is obligated to share 85% of the cash tax savings that are attributable to its increased tax basis in the UBH partnership assets per the Business Combination, future exchanges of UBH units for shares of the Company's stock by the Continuing Members, and annual TRA Payments, as well as the tax basis step-up that occurred in connection with the acquisition of Kennedy Endeavors, LLC (“Kennedy”), the DSD snacks business of Conagra Brands, Inc. (the “Kennedy Acquisition”). Existing tax laws in the United States have been and could in the future be subject to significant change. For example, in December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJ Act”), was signed into law in the United States. While our accounting for the recorded impact of the TCJ Act is deemed to be complete, these amounts are based on prevailing regulations and currently available information, and additional guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), may continue to impact our recorded amounts in future periods. Additional changes in the United States tax regime, including changes in how existing tax laws are interpreted or enforced, can adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are also subject to regular reviews, examinations and audits by the IRS and other taxing authorities with respect to income and non-income-based taxes. Economic and political pressures to increase tax revenues in jurisdictions in which we operate, or the adoption of new or reformed tax legislation or regulation, may make resolving tax disputes more difficult and the final resolution of tax audits and any related litigation can differ from our historical provisions and accruals, resulting in an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The imposition or proposed imposition of new or increased taxes aimed at our products can adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Certain jurisdictions in which our products are made, manufactured, distributed or sold have either imposed, or are considering imposing, new or increased taxes on the manufacture, distribution or sale of our products, ingredients or substances contained in, or attributes of, our products or commodities used in the production of our products. These tax measures, whatever their scope or form, could increase the cost of certain of our products, reduce consumer demand and overall consumption of our products, lead to negative publicity (whether based on scientific fact or not) or leave consumers with the perception (whether or not valid) that our products do not meet their health and wellness needs, resulting in adverse effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to the Ownership of our Securities
Resales of shares of our Class A Common Stock could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
We had 81,187,977 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2023, many of which may be freely resold by the holder of such shares or which have been registered by us for resale on a registration statement.
We have also registered up to 9,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock that we may issue under the Utz Brands, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2020 Plan”), 1,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock that we may issue under the Utz Brands, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and 1,557,941 shares of Class A Common Stock that we may issue under the Utz Quality Foods, LLC 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan. To the extent such shares have vested or vest in the future (and settle into shares, in the case of restricted stock units), they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates.
In addition, we have granted certain registration rights in respect of shares of Class A Common Stock that are obtainable in exchange for common units of UBH held by the Continuing Members.
Potential sales of shares of Class A Common Stock described above or the perception of such sales may depress the market price of our Class A Common Stock. A market for our Class A Common Stock may not continue, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.
The price of our Class A Common Stock can vary due to general economic conditions and forecasts, our general business condition and the release of our financial reports. Additionally, if our Class A Common Stock is not listed on, or becomes delisted from, the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) for any reason, and is quoted on an over-the-counter market, the liquidity and price of such securities may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on NYSE or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your Class A Common Stock unless a market is sustained. Furthermore, the exercise of up to 7,200,000 warrants that were initially issued to Collier Creek partners LLC, the sponsor of CCH (the “Sponsor”) simultaneously with the closing of its initially public offering (the “Private Placement Warrants”), will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares and may reduce the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
We are a holding company and our only material asset is our interest in UBH, and we are accordingly dependent upon distributions made by our subsidiaries to pay taxes, make payments under the TRA and pay dividends.
We are a holding company with no material assets other than our ownership of the Common Company Units and our managing member interest in UBH. As a result, we have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow. Our ability to pay taxes, make payments under the TRA and pay dividends will depend on the financial results and cash flows of UBH and its subsidiaries and the distributions we receive from UBH. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings or cash flow of UBH and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair UBH’s ability to pay such distributions. Additionally, to the extent that we need funds and UBH and/or any of its subsidiaries are restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of any financing arrangements, or UBH is otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.
UBH is intended to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, taxable income will be allocated to holders of Common Company Units. Accordingly, we will be required to pay income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of UBH. Under the terms of the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of UBH (the “Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement”), UBH is obligated to make tax distributions to holders of Common Company Units (including us) calculated at certain assumed tax rates. In addition to income taxes, we will also incur expenses related to our operations, including payment obligations under the TRA, which could be significant, and some of which will be reimbursed by UBH (excluding payment obligations under the TRA). We intend to cause UBH to make ordinary distributions and tax distributions to holders of Common Company Units on a pro rata basis in amounts sufficient to cover all applicable taxes, relevant operating expenses, payments under the TRA and dividends, if any, declared by us. However, as discussed below, UBH’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions including, but not limited to, retention of amounts necessary to satisfy the obligations of UBH and its subsidiaries and restrictions on distributions that would violate any applicable restrictions contained in UBH’s debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering UBH insolvent. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the TRA for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the TRA and therefore accelerate payments under the TRA, which could be substantial.
Additionally, although UBH generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax, it may be liable under recent federal tax legislation for adjustments to its tax return, absent an election to the contrary. In the event UBH’s calculations of taxable income are incorrect, UBH and/or its members, including us, in later years may be subject to material liabilities pursuant to this federal legislation and its related guidance.
We anticipate that the distributions it will receive from UBH may, in certain periods, exceed our actual tax liabilities and obligations to make payments under the TRA. The Company Board, in its sole discretion, will make any determination from time to time with respect to the use of any such excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, to pay dividends on our Class A Common Stock. We will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash other than any declared dividend) to our stockholders.
Dividends on our Class A Common Stock, if any, will be paid at the discretion of the Company Board, which will consider, among other things, our available cash, available borrowings and other funds legally available therefor, taking into account the retention of any amounts necessary to satisfy our obligations that will not be reimbursed by UBH, including taxes and amounts payable under the TRA and any restrictions in then applicable bank financing agreements. Financing arrangements may include restrictive covenants that restrict our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to its stockholders. In addition, UBH is generally prohibited under Delaware law from making a distribution to a member to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, liabilities of UBH (with certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets. UBH’s subsidiaries are generally subject to similar legal limitations on their ability to make distributions to UBH. If UBH does not have sufficient funds to make distributions, our ability to declare and pay cash dividends may also be restricted or impaired.
Pursuant to the TRA, we are required to pay to Continuing Members and/or the exchanging holders of Common Company Units, as applicable, 85% of the tax savings that we realized as a result of increases in tax basis in UBH’s assets as a result of the sale of Common Company Units for the cash consideration in the Business Combination, the purchase and redemption of the common units and preferred units in the Continuing Members and the future exchange of the Common Company Units for shares of Class A Common Stock (or cash) pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement and certain other tax attributes of UBH and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA, and those payments may be substantial.
At the closing of the Business Combination, the Continuing Members sold Common Company Units for the cash consideration in the Business Combination and may in the future exchange their Common Company Units, together with the surrender and cancellation of an equal number of shares of Class V Common Stock, for shares of our Class A Common Stock (or cash) pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, subject to certain conditions and transfer restrictions as set forth therein and in the Investor Rights Agreement dated August 28, 2020 (the “Investor Rights Agreement”), entered into between the Company, the Sponsor, the Founder Holders, Collier Creek's independent directors (together with the Sponsor and the Founder Holders, the “Sponsor Parties”) and the representative of the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Representative”) in connection with the Closing of the Business Combination. In addition, we purchased common units and preferred units in the Continuing Members from third-party members, and the Continuing Members redeemed such units from us. These sales, purchases, redemptions and exchanges resulted in increases in our allocable share of the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of UBH. These increases in tax basis may increase (for income tax purposes) depreciation and amortization deductions and therefore reduce the amount of income or franchise tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future had such sales and exchanges never occurred.
In connection with the Business Combination, we entered into the TRA, which generally provides for the payment of 85% of certain tax benefits, if any, that we realize (or in certain cases is deemed to realize) as a result of these increases in tax basis and certain other tax attributes of UBH and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. These payments are our obligations and not of UBH. The actual increase in our allocable share of UBH’s tax basis in its assets, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the market price of the Class A Common Stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of the recognition of our income. While many of the factors that will determine the amount of payments that we will make under the TRA are outside of our control, we expect that the payments it will make under the TRA will be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Any payments made by us under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. To the extent that we are unable to make timely payments under the TRA for any reason, the unpaid amounts will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; however, nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the TRA and therefore accelerate payments due under the TRA, as further described below. Furthermore, our future obligation to make payments under the TRA could make it a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the tax benefits that may be deemed realized under the TRA.
In certain cases, payments under the TRA may exceed the actual tax benefits we realize or be accelerated.
Payments under the TRA will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine, and the IRS or another taxing authority may challenge all or any part of the tax basis increases, as well as other tax positions that we take, and a court may sustain such a challenge. In the event that any tax benefits initially claimed by us are disallowed, the Continuing Members and the exchanging holders will not be required to reimburse us for any excess payments that may previously have been made under the TRA, for example, due to adjustments resulting from examinations by taxing authorities. Rather, excess payments made to such holders will be netted against any future cash payments otherwise required to be made by us, if any, after the determination of such excess. However, a challenge to any tax benefits initially claimed by us may not arise for a number of years following the initial time of such payment or, even if challenged early, such excess cash payment may be greater than the amount of future cash payments that we might otherwise be required to make under the terms of the TRA and, as a result, there might not be future cash payments against which to net. As a result, in certain circumstances we could make payments under the TRA in excess of our actual income or franchise tax savings, which could materially impair our financial condition.
Moreover, the TRA provides that, in the event that (i) we exercise our early termination rights under the TRA, (ii) certain changes of control of the Company or UBH occur (as described in the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement), (iii) we, in certain circumstances, fail to make a payment required to be made pursuant to the TRA by its final payment date, which non-payment continues until the later of 30 days following receipt by us of written notice thereof and 60 days following such final payment date or (iv) we materially breach any of our material obligations under the TRA other than as described in the foregoing clause (iii), which breach continues without cure for 30 days following receipt by us of written notice thereof and written notice of acceleration is received by us thereafter (except that in the case that the TRA is rejected in a case commenced under bankruptcy laws, no written notice of acceleration is required), in the case of clauses (iii) and (iv), unless certain liquidity exceptions apply, our obligations under the TRA will accelerate and we will be required to make a lump-sum cash payment to the Continuing Members and/or other applicable parties to the TRA equal to the present value of all forecasted future payments that would have otherwise been made under the TRA, which lump-sum payment would be based on certain assumptions, including those relating to our future taxable income. The lump-sum payment could be substantial and could exceed the actual tax benefits that we realize subsequent to such payment because such payment would be calculated assuming, among other things, that we would have certain tax benefits available to us and that we would be able to use the potential tax benefits in future years.
There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if the payments under the TRA exceed the actual income or franchise tax savings that we realize. Furthermore, our obligations to make payments under the TRA could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control.
The NYSE may delist our Class A Common Stock from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in shares of our Class A Common Stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
Our Class A Common Stock is currently listed on the NYSE. However, we cannot assure you that shares of our Class A Common Stock will continue to be listed on the NYSE in the future. In order to continue listing our Class A Common Stock on the NYSE, we must maintain certain financial, share price and distribution levels. It is possible that our Class A Common Stock will cease to meet the NYSE listing requirements.
If NYSE delists our Class A Common Stock from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our Class A Common Stock on another national securities exchange, our Class A Common Stock could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
•A limited availability of market quotations for our Class A Common Stock;
•Reduced liquidity for our Class A Common Stock;
•A determination that our Class A Common Stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in the Class A Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;
•A limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
•A decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our Class A Common Stock is listed on the NYSE, our Class A Common Stock qualifies as a covered security under the statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our Class A Common Stock, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. Further, if our Class A Common Stock were no longer listed on the NYSE, our Class A Common Stock would not qualify as covered securities under the statute and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our Class A Common Stock and certain senior securities.
Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from our actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading volume of our Class A Common Stock.
Securities research analysts may establish and publish their own periodic projections for us. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, our share price or trading volume could decline. While we expect research analyst coverage, if no analysts cover us, or cease coverage of us, the market price and volume for our Class A Common Stock could be adversely affected.
Delaware law, the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
Our Certificate of Incorporation and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by the Company Board and therefore depress the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of the Company Board or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in management. Among other things, the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws include provisions regarding:
•A classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of the Company Board;
•The ability of the Company Board to issue shares of preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;
•The limitation of the liability of, and the indemnification of, our directors and officers;
•The right of the Company Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the Company Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on the Company Board;
•The requirement that directors may only be removed from the Company Board for cause;
•The requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the Company Board, the chairman of the Company Board or our chief executive officer, which could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
•Controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of the Company Board and stockholder meetings;
•The requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of (i) (a) at least 66 2∕3% or 80%, in case of certain provisions, or (b) a majority, in case of other provisions, of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend, alter, change or repeal certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, and (ii) (a) at least 66 2∕3%, in case of certain provisions, or (b) a majority, in case of other provisions, of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend, alter, change or repeal certain provisions of our Bylaws, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the Company Board and also may inhibit the ability of an acquirer to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt;
•The ability of the Company Board to amend the Bylaws, which may allow the Company Board to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the Bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and
•Advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to the Company Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the Company Board and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in the Company Board or management.
In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we will generally be subject to provisions of Delaware law, including the DGCL. Although we will elect not to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL, certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation will, in a manner substantially similar to Section 203 of the DGCL, prohibit certain of our stockholders (other than certain stockholders who are specified in the Investor Rights Agreement) who hold 15% or more of our outstanding capital stock from engaging in certain business combination transactions with us for a specified period of time unless certain conditions are met.
Any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control could limit the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our capital stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for the our Class A Common Stock or Class V Common Stock (collectively, without duplication, “Common Stock”).
In addition, the provisions of the Investor Rights Agreement provide the stockholders party thereto with certain board rights which could also have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control.
The Certificate of Incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other associates.
The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, other associates, agents or stockholders to us or our stockholders, or any claim for aiding and abetting such alleged breach, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, other associates, agents or stockholders (a) arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation (as it may be amended or restated) or the Bylaws or (b) as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Delaware Court of Chancery or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, other associates, agents or stockholders governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware shall, as to any action in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iv), to the fullest extent permitted by law, be solely and exclusively brought in the Delaware Court of Chancery; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to any claim (a) as to which the Delaware Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Delaware Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (b) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Delaware Court of Chancery, or (c) arising under federal securities laws, including the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) as to which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of Article XII of the Certificate of Incorporation will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in the Certificate of Incorporation. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of the forum provisions is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “foreign action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the forum provisions (an “enforcement action”); and (y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such enforcement action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the foreign action as agent for such stockholder.
This choice-of-forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, stockholders, agents or other associates, which may discourage such lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of the Certificate of Incorporation inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and the Company Board.
Certain of our significant stockholders and Utz Brands Holdings members whose interests may differ from those of our other stockholders will have the ability to significantly influence our business and management.
Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement that we entered into with the Sponsor (as amended, the “Investor Rights Agreement”), certain founder members of the Sponsor and their family members (the “Founder Holders”), the Sponsor Representative, the Continuing Members and the independent directors of CCH at the closing of the Business Combination in connection with the Business Combination, we agreed to nominate five designees by each of the Sponsor and the Continuing Members, respectively, to serve on the Company Board for so long as each of them and their respective affiliates and specified family members beneficially own certain specified percentages of certain economic interests in us and UBH held as of the closing of the Business Combination, without duplication. Further, under the Investor Rights Agreement, since the Company Board increased the number of directors above ten, so long as the Founders Holders or Continuing Members own at least 75% of the economic interest in us that were held by such party immediately following the Business Combination (a “Qualified Party”), at least one representative of such Qualified Party serving on the Company Board must approve each action of the Company Board. Accordingly, the Continuing Members and the successors to the Sponsor will be able to significantly influence the approval of actions requiring Company Board approval through their voting power. Such stockholders will retain significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies, including the appointment and removal of our officers. In particular, the Continuing Members and the successors to the Sponsor could influence whether acquisitions, dispositions and other change of control transactions are approved. Additionally, for so long as the Continuing Members hold at least 50% of the economic interests held in us and UBH as of Closing (without duplication) they will have consent rights over certain material transactions with respect to us and our subsidiaries, including UBH.
The Certificate of Incorporation does not limit the ability of the successors to the Sponsor to compete with us, and any competitive behavior by the Sponsor could negatively impact our business.
The successors to the Sponsor, or its successors, and each of their respective affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities, including investments in the financial services and technology industries. In the ordinary course of their business activities, the successors to the Sponsor, and each of their respective affiliates may engage in activities where their interests conflict with our interests or those of our stockholders. The Certificate of Incorporation provides that none of the successors to the Sponsor, any of their respective affiliates or any director who is not employed by us (including any non-employee director who serves as one of its officers in both his director and officer capacities) or his or her affiliates will have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. The successors to the Sponsor, any of their respective affiliates also may pursue, in their capacities other than as members of the Company Board, acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In addition, the successors to the Sponsor may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you.
Our business and operations could be negatively affected if it becomes subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, which could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of business and growth strategy and impact our stock price.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Shareholder activism, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing recently. Volatility in the stock price of our Class A Common Stock or other reasons may in the future cause it to become the target of securities litigation or shareholder activism. Securities litigation and shareholder activism, including potential proxy contests, could result in substantial costs and divert management’s and the Company Board's attention and resources from our business. Additionally, such securities litigation and shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with service providers and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant legal fees and other expenses related to any securities litigation and activist shareholder matters. Further, our stock price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any securities litigation and shareholder activism.
We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of our directors and executive officers.
We agreed to indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. Our obligation to indemnify our officers and directors may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
The valuation of our Private Placement Warrants could increase the volatility in our net income (loss) in our consolidated statements of earnings (loss).
The remeasurement of our Private Placement Warrants is the result of changes in stock price and Private Placement Warrants outstanding at each reporting period. The remeasurement of warrant liabilities represents the mark-to market fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Placement Warrants issued in connection with the IPO of CCH. Significant changes in our stock price or number of Private Placement Warrants outstanding may adversely affect our net income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Our Private Placement Warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
We issued in a private placement an aggregate of 7,200,000 Private Placement Warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A Common Stock at $11.50 per share. Such Private Placement Warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding Class A Common Stock and may reduce the value of the Class A Common Stock.
Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act require substantial financial and management resources.
As a privately held company, UBH was not subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The standards required for a public company under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls. Because we are no longer deemed to be an emerging growth company, we are required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. Further, we are required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. The development of the internal control system to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may impose obligations on us. In fiscal year 2021, we identified and subsequently remediated a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting; however, in the future if we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, and the market price of our common stock may be seriously harmed.
The restatement of our financial statements in May 2021 has subjected us to additional risks and uncertainties, including increased professional costs and the increased possibility of legal proceedings.
As a result of the restatement of our financial statements, we have become subject to additional risks and uncertainties, including, among others, increased professional fees and expenses and time commitment that may be required to address matters related to the restatements, and scrutiny of the SEC and other regulatory bodies which could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and could subject us to civil or criminal penalties or shareholder litigation. We could face monetary judgments, penalties or other sanctions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause our stock price to decline.
Following the restatement of our historical financial statements, we account for our Warrants as a warrant liability recorded at fair value upon issuance with any changes in fair value each period reported in earnings based upon a valuation report obtained from its independent third-party valuation firm. The impact of changes in fair value on earnings may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

---

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
We have received no written comments regarding our periodic or current reports from the staff of the SEC that were issued 180 days or more preceding the end of our 2023 fiscal year and that remain unresolved.

---

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters is located at 900 High Street, Hanover, Pennsylvania 17331. We own the property for this corporate office, which includes approximately 44,000 square feet of corporate office space adjacent to one of our manufacturing facilities. In addition, we own other corporate office spaces in Hanover, Pennsylvania, including 1040 High Street with 16,000 square feet of office space, 240 Kindig Lane with 8,000 square feet of office space, and 350 Kindig Lane with 6,000 square feet of office space.
At February 14, 2024, we operated 10 principal manufacturing sites located in Algona, Washington; Goodyear, Arizona; Fitchburg, Massachusetts; Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; Hanover, Pennsylvania; Berlin, Pennsylvania; Grand Rapids, Michigan; and Kings Mountain, North Carolina.
At February 14, 2024, we also operated 24 owned warehousing and distribution centers across the United States. These facilities supplement the warehousing and distribution capabilities co-located at our manufacturing facilities to ensure cost efficient delivery and timely access to products by our customers and DSD distributors. In total, we own approximately 38 properties in the United States that include manufacturing locations, warehouses, and office locations.
At February 14, 2024, we leased approximately 180 properties in the United States, which include warehouse locations, offices and small storage bins. We believe that our properties, taken as a whole, are generally well maintained and are adequate for our current and foreseeable business needs. Though we believe that our facilities are sufficient to meet our current needs, we believe that suitable additional space will be available as and when needed to maintain and support our ongoing business needs.

---

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we are named as a defendant in legal actions arising from our normal business activities. Although we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate resolution of lawsuits, investigations and claims asserted against us, we do not believe that we are party to any currently pending material legal proceeding.

---

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

---

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our Class A Common Stock is traded on NYSE under the symbol “UTZ”. As of February 27, 2023, the closing price for our Class A Common Stock was $18.48.
Market price information regarding our Class V Common Stock and Common Company Units is not provided because there is no public market for our Class V Common Stock or our Common Company Units. Subject to certain timing restrictions, a Common Company Unit can be exchanged, together with the forfeiture of a share of Class V Common Stock, for a share of Class A Common Stock.
Holders
As of February 14, 2024, there were 29 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock and two holders of record of our Class V Common Stock. The number of record holders does not include beneficial owners of our securities whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies.
Dividends
Our Company Board has adopted a dividend policy, pursuant to which we will make quarterly dividends on the Class A Common Stock, to the extent our Company Board determines that we have available cash, available borrowings and other funds legally available therefor, taking into account the retention of any amounts necessary to satisfy our obligations that will not be reimbursed by UBH, taxes and obligations under the TRA, and any restrictions contained in any applicable bank financing agreement by which we or our subsidiaries are bound. We declared $18.5 million, $17.6 million and $15.7 million in cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The annual dividend rate on our Common Stock in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $0.228 per share, $0.219 per share and $0.204 per share, respectively.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash other than any declared dividend) to our stockholders. We are a holding company without any direct operations and have no significant assets other than our ownership interest in UBH. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends depends upon the financial condition, liquidity and results of operations of, and our receipt of dividends, loans or other funds from, our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to make funds available to us. In addition, there are various statutory, regulatory and contractual limitations and business considerations which impact the extent, if any, to which our subsidiaries may pay dividends, make loans or otherwise provide funds to us. For example, the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions, loans and other payments to us for the purposes described above and for any other purpose may be limited by the terms of the agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness. The declaration and payment of dividends is also at the discretion of our Company Board and depends on various factors including our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our Company Board.
In addition, under Delaware law, our Company Board may declare dividends only to the extent of our surplus (which is defined as total assets at fair market value minus total liabilities, minus statutory capital) or, if there is no surplus, out of our net profits for the then-current and/or immediately preceding fiscal year.
Performance
The following graph compares the total shareholder return from December 31, 2018 through December 31, 2023, of (i) our Class A Common Stock, (ii) the Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500 Index”) and (iii) the Standard and Poor’s ("S&P") 1500 Packaged Foods & Meats Index. The stock performance graph and table assume an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2018, and that all dividends of the S&P 500 Index and S&P 1500 Packaged Food & Meats Index, were reinvested. The performance graph and table are not intended to be indicative of future performance. The performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
*Assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2018, trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol CCH. Prior to our domestication to a Delaware corporation in connection with the Business Combination on August 28, 2020, these shares were referred to as Class A Ordinary Shares. Subsequent to the Business Combination, our Class A Common Stock was traded under the ticker symbol UTZ on the NYSE.

---

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

---

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our fiscal year end is the Sunday closest to December 31. Our fiscal year 2021 ended January 2, 2022 and was a fifty-two-week fiscal year, our fiscal year 2022 ended January 1, 2023 and was a fifty-two-week fiscal year, and our fiscal year 2023 ended December 31, 2023 and was a fifty-two-week fiscal year. Our fiscal quarters are comprised of thirteen weeks each, except for fifty-three-week fiscal periods for which the fourth quarter is comprised of fourteen weeks, and end on the thirteenth Sunday of each quarter (fourteenth Sunday of the fourth quarter, when applicable).
Overview
Our Company was founded in 1921 in Hanover, Pennsylvania and benefits from over 100 years of brand awareness and heritage in the salty snack industry. We are a leading United States manufacturer of branded salty snacks, producing a broad offering of salty snacks, including potato chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, cheese snacks, veggie snacks, pork skins, pub/party mixes, and other snacks. Our iconic portfolio of authentic, craft, and BFY brands, includes Utz®, ON THE BORDER®, Zapp’s®, Golden Flake®, Boulder Canyon®, Hawaiian® Brand, and TORTIYAHS!®, among others, and enjoys strong household penetration in the United States, where our products can be found in approximately 49% of U.S. households as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, we operate 14 manufacturing facilities across the United States with a broad range of capabilities. As of December 31, 2023, our products are distributed nationally to grocery, mass merchant, club, convenience, drug and other retailers through direct shipments, distributors, and approximately 2,250 direct-store-delivery (“DSD”) routes. We have historically expanded our geographic reach and product portfolio organically and through acquisitions. Based on 2023 retail sales, we are the second-largest producer of branded salty snacks in our core geographies where we have acquired strong regional brands and distribution capabilities in recent years.
Key Developments and Trends
Our management team monitors a number of developments and trends that could impact our revenue and profitability objectives.
Long-Term Demographics, Consumer Trends, and Demand - We participate in the attractive and growing $38 billion U.S. salty snacks category, within the broader approximately $129 billion market for U.S. snack foods as of December 31, 2023. The salty snacks category has grown retail sales at an approximate 10.1% compound annual growth rate ("CAGR") during 2019 through 2023 with a major spike in 2020 driven by consumption following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") and again from 2022 through 2023 driven by inflation. In the last few years snacking occasions have been on the rise as consumers increasingly seek out convenient, delicious snacks for both on-the-go and at-home lifestyles. A 2023 study from Circana cites that 54% of consumers eat snacks to add excitement to their daily diet, up two points versus two years ago and that 49% of consumers snack three or more times per day, up four points versus two years ago. Additionally, the salty snacks category has historically benefited from favorable competitive dynamics, including low private label penetration and category leaders competing primarily through marketing and innovation. We expect these consumer trends to continue to drive consistent retail sales growth for salty snacks for the foreseeable future.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, U.S. retail sales for salty snacks based on Circana data increased by 8.7% versus the comparable prior year period while our retail sales increased 6.3%. The 2 year CAGR during 2022 and 2023 was 12.2% for U.S. retail sales of salty snacks, during which time our retail sales increased by 11.3%.
Competition - The salty snack industry is highly competitive and includes many diverse participants. Our products primarily compete with other salty snacks but also compete more broadly for certain eating occasions with other snack foods. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the salty snack industry include taste, convenience, product variety, product quality, price, nutrition, consumer brand awareness, media and promotional activities, in-store merchandising execution, customer service, cost-efficient distribution, and access to retailer shelf space. We believe we compete effectively with respect to each of these factors.
Operating Costs - Our operating costs include raw materials, labor, manufacturing overhead, selling, distribution, and administrative expenses. We manage these expenses through annual cost saving and productivity initiatives, sourcing and hedging programs, pricing actions, refinancing and tax optimization. Additionally, we maintain ongoing efforts led by our transformation office, to expand our profitability, including implementing significant reductions to our operating cost structure in both supply chain and overhead costs.
Taxes - On March 27, 2020, The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted which includes various tax provisions with retroactive effect. The CARES Act is an approximately $2 trillion emergency economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, which among other things contains numerous income tax provisions. Some of these tax provisions are effective retroactively for years ending before the date of enactment. We deferred $7.8 million of payroll tax deposits per the CARES Act. The deferred payroll taxes must be deposited in two installments, with the first installment of $3.9 million paid as of December 31, 2021, and the remaining $3.9 million was paid shortly after fiscal year 2022.
On August 16, 2022, the U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“Inflation Reduction Act”), which, among other things, implemented a 15% minimum tax on book income of certain large corporations, a 1% excise tax on net stock repurchases and several tax incentives to promote clean energy. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act; however, we believe it is unlikely to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flow.
Financing Costs and Exposure to Interest Rate Changes - As of December 31, 2023, we had $851.5 million in variable rate indebtedness, down from $867.4 million as of January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, our variable rate indebtedness was benchmarked to the Term SOFR Screen Rate (‘SOFR”). As of December 31, 2023, we have entered into interest rate hedges covering $584.6 million of debt, of which, $500.0 million is covered through September 30, 2026 and a hedge that covers the outstanding principal balance of the loan by City National Bank which is secured by a majority of the real estate assets of the our subsidiaries (the “Real Estate Term Loan”) (Refer to Note 8. “Long-Term Debt.”) to our audited consolidated financial statements included under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (our “Audited Financial Statements”)) through September 2032. Our interest rate hedge strategy has limited some of our exposure to changes in interest rates. We regularly evaluate our variable and fixed-rate debt. We continue to use low-cost, short- and long-term debt to finance our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures and other investments and dividends. Our weighted average interest rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was 6.3%, up from 4.7% during the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. We have used interest rate swaps to help manage some of our exposure to interest rate changes, which can drive cash flow variability related to our debt. Refer to Note 8. "Long-Term Debt" and Note 9. "Derivative Financial Instruments and Purchase Commitments" to our Audited Financial Statements for additional information on debt, derivative and purchase commitment activity. The Company has experienced the effect of increased interest rates on the portion of its debt that is not hedged and continued rising interest rates could negatively impact our net income.
Recent Developments and Significant Items Affecting Comparability
Acquisitions and Dispositions
During fiscal year 2022, the Company focused on increasing manufacturing and streamlining distribution. In April 2022, the Company purchased a brand new, recently completed snack food manufacturing facility in Kings Mountain, North Carolina from Evans Food Group Ltd. d/b/a Benestar Brands and related affiliates. The Company paid the full cash purchase price of $38.4 million at the closing and concurrently with the facility purchase, the Company sold 2.1 million shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for $28.0 million, to affiliates of Benestar in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. During fiscal year 2023 and 2022, the Company bought out and terminated the contracts of multiple distributors who had previously been providing services to the Company. These transactions were accounted for as contract terminations and asset purchases and resulted in expense of $1.5 million and $23.0 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Commodity Trends
We regularly monitor worldwide supply and commodity costs so that we can cost-effectively secure ingredients, packaging and fuel required for production. A number of external factors such as weather, which may be impacted in unanticipated ways due to climate change, commodity market conditions, and the effects of governmental, agricultural or other programs, may affect the cost and availability of raw materials and agricultural materials used in our products. We address commodity costs primarily through the use of buying-forward, which locks in pricing for key materials between three and 18 months in advance. Other methods include hedging, net pricing adjustments to cover longer term cost inflation, and manufacturing and overhead cost control. Our hedging techniques, such as forward contracts, limit the impact of fluctuations in the cost of our principal raw materials; however, we may not be able to fully hedge against commodity cost changes, where there is a limited ability to hedge, and our hedging strategies may not protect us from increases in specific raw material costs. We experienced an increase in pricing in certain commodity trends that continued to rise throughout fiscal year 2022 and have since stabilized during fiscal year 2023. Commodity cost increases in commodity trends may adversely impact our net income. Additionally, the Company has experienced rising costs related to fuel and freight rates as well as rising labor costs which have negatively impacted profitability. Transportation costs have been on the rise since early in 2021 and may continue to rise which may also adversely impact net income. The Company looks to offset rising costs through increasing manufacturing and distribution efficiencies as well as through price increases to our customers, although it is unclear whether historic customer sales levels will be maintained at these higher prices. Due to competitive market conditions, planned trade or promotional incentives, or other factors, our pricing actions may also lag commodity cost changes.
While the costs of our principal raw materials fluctuate, we believe there will continue to be an adequate supply of the raw materials we use and that they will generally remain available from numerous sources. Market factors including supply and demand may result in higher costs of sourcing those materials.
Independent Operator Conversions
Our DSD distribution is executed via company-owned routes operated by RSPs, and third-party routes managed by IOs. We have used the IO and RSP models for more than a decade. In fiscal year 2017, we embarked on a multi-year strategy to convert all company-owned RSP routes to the IO model. As of December 31, 2023, substantially all of our DSD routes are managed by IOs. As of January 1, 2023, the mix between IOs and RSPs was approximately 93% and 7%, respectively. The conversion process involves selling distribution rights to a defined route to an IO. As we converted a large number of routes in a year, there is a meaningful decrease in the selling, distribution and administrative costs that we previously incurred on RSPs and a corresponding increase in discounts paid to IOs to cover their costs to distribute our product. The net impact is a reduction in selling expenses and a decrease in net sales and gross profit. Conversions also impact our consolidated balance sheet resulting in cash proceeds to us as a result of selling the route to an IO, or by creating notes receivable related to the sale of the routes.
Controls and Procedures
Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, we were not required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and were therefore not required in connection with periods ended prior to the consummation of the Business Combination to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. Since the consummation of the Business Combination, we are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require our management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports. We were required to provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ended January 3, 2021. Beginning with the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022, our independent registered public accounting firm was required to assess and attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
Results of Operations
Overview
The following tables present selected financial data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and fiscal year ended January 1, 2023.
We have prepared our discussion of the results of operations by comparing the results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 to the results of operations for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. Refer to Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, for discussion of the results of operations for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, compared to the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022, which is incorporated by reference herein.
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023
Net sales $ 1,438,237 $ 1,408,401
Cost of goods sold 981,751 959,344
Gross profit 456,486 449,057
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses
Selling and distribution 273,923 294,061
Administrative 159,196 150,343
Total selling, distribution, and administrative expenses 433,119 444,404
(Loss) gain on sale of assets, net (7,350) 691
Income from operations 16,017 5,344
Other (expense) income
Interest expense (60,590) (44,424)
Other income 3,066 400
Gain on remeasurement of warrant liability 2,232 720
Other expense, net
(55,292) (43,304)
Loss before income taxes
(39,275) (37,960)
Income tax expense (benefit)
757 (23,919)
Net loss
(40,032) (14,041)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 15,095 13,649
Net loss attributable to controlling interest
$ (24,937) $ (392)
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 versus Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023
Net sales
Net sales were $1,438.2 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and $1,408.4 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. Net sales for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 increased $29.8 million or 2.1% over the fiscal year 2022. The increase in net sales for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily related to the flow-through of pricing actions that were taken in 2022 in response to inflationary pressures which accounted for a 4.6% increase in net sales, partially offset by a volume/mix decline of 1.8% due to SKU rationalization as well as 0.7% decline in net sales related to continued IO conversions.
IO discounts increased from $156.8 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023 to $179.3 million for the corresponding fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Excluding the impacts of increased IO discounts related to IO conversions, organic net sales increased 2.8% for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 versus the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023.
Net sales are evaluated based on classification as Power and Foundation brands. Our Power Brands are comprised of our iconic heritage Utz brand and iconic On The Border® brand; craft brands such as Zapp’s®, Golden Flake® Pork Skins, TORTIYAHS!, and Hawaiian®; BFY brands such as Boulder Canyon®; strong regional snacking brands such as Bachman®, Tim’s Cascade® Snacks, and "Dirty" Potato Chips®; and selected licensed brands such as TGI Fridays®. Our Foundation Brands include strong regional snacking brands, such as Golden Flake® Chips and Cheese, Snyder of Berlin®, and R.W. Garcia®; and BFY brands such as Good Health®, as well as other partner and private label brands. On February 5, 2024, the Company sold the Good Health and R.W. Garcia brands the to affiliates of Our Home™.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, Power brand invoiced sales increased by approximately 8.6%, while Foundation brand invoiced sales decreased approximately 5.4% from fiscal year 2022. The increase in Power brand invoiced sales was due primarily to favorable pricing actions and increased volumes, partially offset by the impact of continued IO conversions. Foundation brand invoiced sales decrease was primarily driven by volume decline and the impact of continued IO conversion, offset by certain pricing initiatives. The Company's volume for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was impacted by significant SKU rationalization focused on a reduction in private label, co-manufactured and partner branded products, which fall in Foundation Brands, as well as by weight outs and changes to price pack architecture.
Cost of goods sold and Gross profit
Gross profit was $456.5 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and $449.1 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. Gross profit for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 increased $7.4 million or 1.7% over the comparable period in fiscal year 2022. The increase in gross profit for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was driven by productivity and pricing initiatives which were put in place to help reduce the impact of inflation on commodity costs, and wages which hindered gross profit, partially offset by volume decline. During the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, gross profit was benefited by $6.0 million recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold related to proceeds received from a settlement of business interruption insurance, which reimbursed certain expenses as we shifted production to other facilities, including co-manufacturers, due to a natural disaster that affected one of our smaller manufacturing facilities.
Our gross profit margin was 31.7% for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 versus 31.9% for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The decline in gross profit margin was primarily driven by commodity and wage inflation, transitory higher inbound freight costs, offset by the impact of productivity initiatives. Additionally, IO discounts increased to $179.3 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 from $156.8 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. IO conversions contributed to a gross profit decline of $9.2 million, or a gross profit margin impact of 0.7%, and the remaining IO discount growth was driven by pricing actions.
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses were $433.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and $444.4 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, a decrease of $11.3 million or 2.5%. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower acquisition and integration costs due to $23.0 million in the prior year period related to the buyout of multiple distributors and reductions of selling costs related to the continued conversion out of Company owned RSP to IO routes, offset by impairments of $12.6 million primarily related to the closing of the Company's manufacturing facility in Birmingham, Alabama and $4.7 million related to a contract termination with a co-manufacturer which both occurred in the current year period, and rising labor and higher stock-based compensation costs.
(Loss) Gain on sale of assets
(Loss) gain on sale of assets was $(7.4) million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and $0.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The Company has continued to convert company-owned routes to IO routes during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which was substantially complete as of December 31, 2023, offsetting the sales price by the respective route intangible asset. The loss during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily related to the sale of the Company's manufacturing facility in Bluffton, Indiana which generated a loss of $13.4 million, partially offset by gain on sale of land for $4.0 million and the sale of IO routes and other fixed assets.
Other expense, net
Other expense, net was $55.3 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and $43.3 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The increase in expense was driven by interest expense of $60.6 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $44.4 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The increase in interest expense is primarily attributable to higher interest rates, which impacted the portion of debt that the Company has not hedged.
Income taxes
Income taxes were an expense of $0.8 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and a benefit of $23.9 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The income tax benefit recognized for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023 is largely driven by the removal of a portion of a valuation allowance, which partially offsets a deferred tax asset, which resulted in a $17.2 million income tax benefit. Please see Note 15. "Income Taxes" of our Audited Financial Statements for addition information.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use non-GAAP financial information and believe it is useful to investors as it provides additional information to facilitate comparisons of historical operating results, identify trends in our underlying operating results and provides additional insight and transparency on how we evaluate the business. We use non-GAAP financial measures to budget, make operating and strategic decisions, and evaluate our performance. We have detailed the non-GAAP adjustments that we make in our non-GAAP definitions below. The adjustments generally fall within the categories of non-cash items, acquisition and integration costs, business transformation initiatives, and financing-related costs. We believe the non-GAAP measures should always be considered along with the related U.S. GAAP financial measures. We have provided the reconciliations between the U.S. GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures below, and we also discuss our underlying U.S. GAAP results throughout this discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations.
Our primary non-GAAP financial measures are listed below and reflect how we evaluate our current and prior-year operating results. As new events or circumstances arise, these definitions could change. When the definitions change, we will provide the updated definitions and present the related non-GAAP historical results on a comparable basis.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
We define EBITDA as Net Income before Interest, Income Taxes, and Depreciation and Amortization.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA further adjusted to exclude certain non-cash items, such as accruals for long-term incentive programs; hedging and purchase commitments adjustments; remeasurement of warrant liabilities and asset impairments; acquisition and integration costs; business transformation initiatives; and financing-related costs.
Adjusted EBITDA is one of the key performance indicators we use in evaluating our operating performance and in making financial, operating, and planning decisions. We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful to investors in the evaluation of Utz’s operating performance compared to other companies in the salty snack industry, as similar measures are commonly used by companies in this industry, however we caution that other companies may use different definitions from us and such figures may not be directly comparable to our figures. We also report Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales as an additional measure for investors to evaluate our Adjusted EBITDA margins on net sales.
The following table provides a reconciliation from Net Income (Loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023:
(dollars in millions) For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023
Net loss
$ (40.0) $ (14.0)
Plus non-GAAP adjustments:
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
0.8 (23.9)
Depreciation and Amortization 79.5 86.8
Interest Expense, Net 60.6 44.4
Interest Income (IO loans)(1)
(2.0) (1.6)
EBITDA 98.9 91.7
Certain Non-Cash Adjustments(2)
50.7 11.3
Acquisition and Integration(3)
8.6 45.8
Business Transformation Initiatives(4)
31.0 22.1
Financing-Related Costs(5)
0.2 0.3
Gain on remeasurement of warrant liability(6)
(2.2) (0.7)
Adjusted EBITDA 187.2 170.5
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of Net Sales 13.0 % 12.1 %
(1)Interest Income from IO Loans refers to Interest Income that we earn from IO notes receivable that have resulted from our initiatives to transition from RSP distribution to IO distribution. (“Business Transformation Initiatives”). There is a Notes Payable recorded that mirrors most IO notes receivable, and the interest expense associated with the Notes Payable is part of the Interest Expense, Net adjustment.
(2)Certain Non-Cash Adjustments are comprised primarily of the following:
Incentive programs - The Company incurred $15.5 million and $8.8 million of share-based compensation that was awarded to associates and directors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, respectively.
Asset Impairments and Write-Offs - For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an adjustment for a non-cash loss on sale of $13.7 million related to fixed assets for the sale of the Bluffton, Indiana plant, along with $4.7 million related to the termination of the contract that was settled with the sale, and impairments of $12.6 million related to the closure of the Company's manufacturing facility in Birmingham, Alabama and Gramercy, Louisiana. For the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an adjustment for an impairment of $2.0 million related to the termination of distribution agreements.
Purchase Commitments and Other Adjustments - We have purchase commitments for specific quantities at fixed prices for certain of our products’ key ingredients. To facilitate comparisons of our underlying operating results, this adjustment was made to remove the volatility of purchase commitment related unrealized gains and losses. The adjustment related to Purchase Commitment and Other non-cash adjustments were $3.0 million and $0.5 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, respectively. In addition, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded $1.2 million for the amortization of cloud based computing assets.
(3)Adjustment for Acquisition and Integration Costs - This is comprised of consulting, transaction services, and legal fees incurred for acquisitions and certain potential acquisitions, in addition to expenses associated with integrating recent acquisitions. Such expenses were $9.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as well as $1.1 million of income for the change of liability associated with the Tax Receivable Agreement for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. In fiscal year 2022, the majority of charges are related to the buyout of multiple distributors, which were accounted for as contract terminations resulting in expense of $23.0 million as well as other integration costs. During the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, we incurred incremental costs of $21.8 million, for the integration of Truco Holdco Inc., R.W. Garcia Co., Inc., Kings Mountain, distributor buyouts, and costs to evaluate other potential acquisitions, as well as $1.0 million for the incremental liability associated with the Tax Receivable Agreement included in the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023.
(4)Business Transformation Initiatives Adjustment - This adjustment is related to consultancy, professional, and legal fees incurred for specific initiatives and structural changes to the business that do not reflect the cost of normal business operations. In addition, gains and losses realized from the sale of distribution rights to IOs and the subsequent disposal of trucks, severance costs associated with the elimination of RSP positions, and ERP transition costs, fall into this category. The Company incurred such costs of $31.0 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and $22.1 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, which included the closure of our Gramercy, Louisiana and Birmingham, Alabama plants along with various other supply chain, commercial and administrative initiatives. During fiscal year 2023, we completed the closure of our Gramercy, Louisiana and Birmingham, Alabama manufacturing plants along with the sale of our Bluffton, Indiana manufacturing plant.
(5)Financing-Related Costs - These costs include adjustments for various items related to raising debt and equity capital or debt extinguishment costs.
(6)Gains and losses related to the changes in the remeasurement of warrant liabilities are not expected to be settled in cash, and when exercised would result in a cash inflow to the Company with the Warrants converting to Class A Common Stock with the liability being extinguished and the fair value of the Warrants at the time of exercise being recorded as an increase to equity.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and Uses of Cash
We believe that the cash provided by operating activities, our revolving credit facility, our term loans, and derivative financial instruments will continue to provide sufficient liquidity for our working capital needs, planned capital expenditures and future payments of our contractual, and tax obligations. We continually evaluate our financing strategy to meet our short- and longer-term capital needs. From time-to-time, we may dispose of assets or enter into other cash generating transactions, such as through a sale-leaseback, when we deem beneficial. To date, we have been successful in generating cash and raising financing as needed. However, if a serious economic or credit market crisis ensues or other adverse developments arise, it could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition.
ABL Facility
On July 20, 2023, the asset based revolving credit facility (as amended, the "ABL facility") with an initial aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million was amended to increase the credit limit to $225.0 million and extend the maturity through the earlier of July 20, 2028, or 91 days prior to the maturity of the $795.0 million in aggregate principal of Term Loan B (as amended, "Term Loan B"). The Company incurred fees of $0.7 million in connection with the amendment to the ABL facility. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, $0.4 million and $0.0 million, respectively, was outstanding under this facility. Availability under the ABL facility is based on a monthly accounts receivable and inventory borrowing base certification, which is net of outstanding letters of credit and amounts borrowed. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, $158.4 million and $163.0 million, respectively, was available for borrowing, net of letters of credit. Standby letters of credit in the amount of $12.2 million and $12.0 million have been issued as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. The standby letters of credit are primarily issued for insurance purposes. Refer to Note 8. “Long-Term Debt” to our Audited Financial Statements for more information.
Cash Requirements
Our expected future payments at December 31, 2023 primarily consist of:
•Short-term cash requirements related primarily to funding operations (including expenditures for raw materials, labor, manufacturing and distribution, trade and promotions, advertising and marketing, benefit plan obligations and lease expenses) as well as periodic expenditures for acquisitions, shareholder returns (such as dividend payments), property, plant and equipment and any significant one-time non-operating items.
•Cash requirements related to Other Notes Payable and Capital Leases (Refer to Note 8. “Long-Term Debt to our Audited Financial Statements).
•Long-term cash requirements primarily relate to funding long-term debt repayments and related interest payment on long-term debt (Refer to Note 8. "Long-Term Debt" to our Audited Financial Statements):
•Long-term cash requirements related to our deferred taxes (Refer to Note 15. “Income Taxes” to our Audited Financial Statements).
•Operating lease liabilities (Refer to Note 16. “Leases” to our Audited Financial Statements).
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Purchase Commitments
The Company has outstanding purchase commitments for specific quantities at fixed prices for certain key ingredients to economically hedge commodity input prices. Refer to Note 9. “Derivative Financial Instruments and Purchase Commitments” to our Audited Financial Statements.
IO Guarantees Off Balance Sheet
The Company partially guarantees loans made to IOs by Cadence Bank, Bank of America and M&T Bank for the purchase of routes, all of which was recorded by the Company as off-balance sheet arrangements. These loans are collateralized by the routes for which the loans are made. Accordingly, the Company has the ability to recover substantially all of the outstanding loan value upon default. Refer to Note 12. “Contingencies” to our Audited Financial Statements.
Cash Flow
The following table presents net cash provided by operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and fiscal year ended January 1, 2023:
(in thousands) For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 76,640 $ 48,193
Net cash used in investing activities (48,492) (76,067)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(49,055) 58,906
At December 31, 2023, our consolidated cash balance, including cash equivalents, was $52.0 million or $20.9 million lower than at January 1, 2023. Net cash provided by operating activities for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was $76.6 million an increase of $28.4 million from the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The increase is largely driven by a decrease in inventory levels, an increase in cash net income, and faster cash collections on accounts receivable, partially offset by a decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to more favorable supplier terms as well as timing. Cash used in investing activities for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 was $48.5 million a decrease of $27.6 million from the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The decrease is largely driven by the decrease in purchases of property and equipment of $32.2 million. Fiscal year 2022 capital expenditures included $38.4 million related to a facilities purchase described further in Note 4. "Property. Plant. and Equipment" to our Audited Financial Statements. Net cash used in financing activities was $49.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 an increase of $108.0 million from the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower net cash borrowings of $83.3 million.
Debt Covenants
The Term Loan B and the ABL facility are collateralized by substantially all of the assets and liabilities of UBH and its subsidiaries excluding the real estate assets secured by the Real Estate Term Loan, including equity interests in certain of UBH’s subsidiaries. The credit agreements contain certain affirmative and negative covenants as to operations and the financial condition of UBH and its subsidiaries. UBH and its subsidiaries were in compliance with its financial covenants as of December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 8. “Long-Term Debt” to our Audited Financial Statements for more information.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1. "Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to our Audited Financial Statements.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
General
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. While the majority of our revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities are not based on estimates, there are certain accounting principles that require management to make estimates regarding matters that are uncertain and susceptible to change. Critical accounting policies are defined as those policies that are reflective of significant judgments, estimates and uncertainties, which could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Management regularly reviews the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements for reasonableness and adequacy. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 1. "Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", of our Audited Financial Statements; however, the following discussion pertains to accounting policies we believe are most critical to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require significant, difficult, subjective or complex judgments. Other companies in similar businesses may use different estimation policies and methodologies, which may affect the comparability of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows to those of other companies.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenues primarily consist of the sale of salty snack items that are sold through DSD and direct-to-warehouse distribution methods, either directly to retailers or via distributors. We sell to supermarkets, mass merchandisers, club warehouses, convenience stores and other large-scale retailers, merchants, distributors, brokers, wholesalers, and IOs (which are third party businesses). These revenue contracts generally have a single performance obligation. Revenue, which includes shipping and handling charges billed to the customer, is reported net of variable consideration and consideration payable to customers, including applicable discounts, returns, allowances, trade promotion, consumer coupon redemption, unsaleable product, and other costs. Amounts billed and due from customers are classified as receivables and require payment on a short-term basis and, therefore, we do not have any significant financing components.
We recognize revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the goods to customers. Control is transferred upon delivery of the goods to the customer. Shipping and/or handling costs that occur before the customer obtains control of the goods are deemed to be fulfillment activities and are accounted for as fulfillment costs. Applicable shipping and handling are included in customer billing and are recorded as revenue as products’ control is transferred to customers. We assess the goods promised in customers’ purchase orders and identify a performance obligation for each promise to transfer a good that is distinct.
We offer various forms of trade promotions and the methodologies for determining these provisions are dependent on local customer pricing and promotional practices, which range from contractually fixed percentage price reductions to provisions based on actual occurrence or performance. Our promotional activities are conducted either through the retail trade or directly with consumers and include activities such as in store displays and events, feature price discounts, consumer coupons, and loyalty programs. The costs of these activities are recognized at the time the related revenue is recorded, which normally precedes the actual cash expenditure. The recognition of these costs therefore requires management judgment regarding the volume of promotional offers that will be redeemed by either the retail trade customer or consumer. These estimates are made using various techniques including historical data on performance of similar promotional programs. Differences between estimated expense and actual redemptions are recognized as a change in management estimate as the actual redemption is incurred.
Distribution Route Purchase and Sale Transactions
We purchase and sell distribution routes as a part of our maintenance of our DSD network. As new IOs are identified, we either sell our existing routes to the IOs or sell routes that were previously purchased by us to the IOs. Gain/loss from the sale of a distribution route is recorded upon the completion of the sale transaction and signing of the relevant documents and is calculated based on the difference between the sale price of the distribution route and the asset carrying value of the distribution route as of the date of sale. We record the distribution routes that we purchase based on the payment that we make to acquire the route as intangible assets and record the purchased distribution routes as indefinite-lived intangible assets under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. The indefinite lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment testing.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles
We allocate the cost of acquired companies to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the remaining amount classified as goodwill. The identification and valuation of these intangible assets and the determination of the estimated useful lives at the time of acquisition, as well as the completion of impairment tests, require significant management judgments and estimates. These estimates are made based on, among other factors, review of projected future operating results and business plans, economic projections, anticipated highest and best use of future cash flows and the cost of capital. The use of alternative estimates and assumptions could increase or decrease the estimated fair value of goodwill and other intangible assets, and potentially result in a different impact to our results of operations. Further, changes in business strategy and/or market conditions may significantly impact these judgments and thereby impact the fair value of these assets, which could result in an impairment of the goodwill or intangible assets.
Finite-lived intangible assets consist of distribution/customer relationships, technology, trademarks, trade names and non-compete agreements. These assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment only when management has determined that potential impairment indicators are present.
Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets (including trade names, trademarks, master distribution rights and Company owned routes) are not amortized but are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances change that indicate impairment may have occurred. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level.
As we have adopted Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, we will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over our fair value.
ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets also permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform quantitative impairment tests for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. If an entity believes, as a result of each qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that goodwill or an indefinite-lived intangible asset is not impaired, a quantitative impairment test is not required.
For the qualitative impairment analysis performed, which took place on the first day of the fourth quarter, we have taken into consideration all the events and circumstances listed in FASB ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, in addition to other entity-specific factors that have taken place from the period of the Business Combination, which assessed goodwill, on August 28, 2020. Our fiscal year 2023 qualitative analysis concluded that Goodwill and our intangible assets were not impaired.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method of ASC 740, Income Taxes, which require us to recognize current tax liabilities or receivables for the amount of taxes we estimate are payable or refundable for the current year, and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases of assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period enacted. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income and the reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the period in which related temporary differences become deductible.
Under the terms of the TRA as part of the Business Combination Agreement, the Company generally will be required to pay to the Continuing Members 85% of the applicable cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal and state income tax based on its ownership in UBH that the Company is deemed to realize in certain circumstances as a result of the increases in tax basis and certain tax attributes resulting from the Business Combination. This is accounted for in conjunction with the methods used to record income tax described above.
We follow the provisions of ASC 740-10 related to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740-10 prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns.
The benefit of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in our income tax returns is recognized in the financial statements if such positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Differences between tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefit recognized and measured pursuant to the interpretation are referred to as “unrecognized benefits”. A liability is recognized (or amount of net operating loss carryover or amount of tax refundable is reduced) for an unrecognized tax benefit because it represents an enterprise’s potential future obligation to the taxing authority for a tax position that was not recognized as a result of applying the provisions of ASC 740-10. Interest costs and related penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are required to be calculated, if applicable. Our policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as selling, distribution and administrative expenses. As of each of December 31, 2023, and January 1, 2023, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required to be reported. We do not expect any significant changes in our unrecognized tax benefits in the next year.
Business Combinations
We evaluate acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether or not the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen is met, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If the screen is not met, further determination is required as to whether or not we have acquired inputs and processes that have the ability to create outputs which would meet the definition of a business. Significant judgment is required in the application of the screen test to determine whether an acquisition is a business combination or an acquisition of assets.
We use the acquisition method in accounting for acquired businesses. Under the acquisition method, our financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business starting from the completion of the acquisition. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

---

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to certain commodity, interest rate, and credit risks as part of our ongoing business operations. We may use derivative financial instruments, where appropriate, to manage some of these risks related to interest rates. We do not use derivatives for trading purposes.
Commodity Risk
We purchase certain raw materials that are subject to price volatility caused by weather, market conditions, growing and harvesting conditions, governmental actions and other factors beyond our control. Our most significant raw material requirements include potatoes, oil, flour, wheat, corn, cheese, spices, and seasonings. We also purchase packaging materials that are subject to price volatility. In the normal course of business, in order to mitigate the risks of volatility in commodity markets to which we are exposed, we enter into forward purchase agreements with certain suppliers based on market prices, forward price projections and expected usage levels. Amounts committed under these forward purchase agreements are discussed in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the section “Derivative Financial Instruments” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A 1% increase in the price of the commodities used within our products and packaging would result in a reduction of our gross profit of approximately $6.0 million.
Interest Rate Risk
Our variable-rate debt obligations incur interest at floating rates based on changes in the SOFR rate. To manage exposure to changing interest rates, we selectively enter into interest rate swap agreements to maintain a desired proportion of fixed to variable-rate debt. See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the section “Derivative Financial Instruments” for further information related to our interest rate swap agreements. These interest rate swap agreements fixed a portion of the interest rate at a predictable level. Interest expense would have been $19.9 million higher without these swaps during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Including the effect of the interest rate swap agreements, the weighted average interest rate was 6.7% and 5.5%, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023. A 1% increase in the SOFR rate would have resulted in an additional $3.3 million of interest expense during the fiscal year 2023 based on the unhedged portion of debt.
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risks related to our accounts and notes receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers to minimize the potential exposure. We experienced no material credit losses during the fiscal years of 2023 or 2022. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, net bad debt expense was $1.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Our reserve for potential future bad debt was $2.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and $1.8 million as of January 1, 2023.

---

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to the Financial Statements Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Grant Thornton LLP, Philadelphia, PA, PCAOB ID Number 248)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (Grant Thornton LLP, Philadelphia, PA, PCAOB ID Number 248)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations And Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Utz Brands, Inc.
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Utz Brands, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical audit matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Customer trade promotions
As described further in Note 1 (Revenue Recognition) to the financial statements, the Company has recorded a reserve for customer trade allowances, consisting primarily of pricing allowances and programs associated with uncollected sales to customers. The costs of these activities are recognized at the time the related revenue is recorded, which normally precedes the actual cash settlement. The reserve recorded requires management judgment regarding the volume of promotional offers that will be redeemed by either the retail trade customer or consumer. These estimates are made using various techniques including historical data on performance of similar promotional programs. We identified the Company’s reserve for customer trade allowances associated with uncollected sales totaling $11.2 million as a critical audit matter.
The principal consideration for our determination that customer trade promotions associated with uncollected sales to customers is a critical audit matter is due to uncertainty around the amount and timing of settlements, which typically occur in a period subsequent to the related sales transactions.
Our audit procedures related to the customer trade promotions included the following, among others:
•We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls related to the recording of the Company’s trade spending and calculations of trade reserves.
•We analyzed the reserve by trade promotion type to identify unusual trends.
•We re-performed management’s process for calculating the reserves and assessed the Company’s historical ability to accurately estimate its customer trade allowances by comparing historical estimates to final settlements.
•We compared a selection of settlements subsequent to period end, which involved inspecting relevant source documents submitted by customers.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 29, 2024
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Utz Brands, Inc.
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Utz Brands, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the period ended December 31, 2023, and our report dated February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 29, 2024
Utz Brands, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023
(In thousands, except share information)
As of
December 31, 2023 As of
January 1, 2023
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 52,023 $ 72,930
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $2,933 and $1,815, respectively
135,130 136,985
Inventories 104,666 118,006
Prepaid expenses and other assets 30,997 34,991
Current portion of notes receivable 5,237 9,274
Total current assets 328,053 372,186
Non-current Assets
Assets held for sale 7,559 -
Property, plant and equipment, net 318,881 345,198
Goodwill 915,295 915,295
Intangible assets, net 1,063,413 1,099,565
Non-current portion of notes receivable 12,413 12,794
Other assets 101,122 95,328
Total non-current assets 2,418,683 2,468,180
Total assets $ 2,746,736 $ 2,840,366
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Current portion of term debt $ 21,086 $ 18,472
Current portion of other notes payable 7,649 12,589
Accounts payable 124,361 114,360
Accrued expenses and other 77,590 92,012
Total current liabilities 230,686 237,433
Non-current portion of term debt 878,511 893,335
Non-current portion of other notes payable 19,174 20,339
Non-current accrued expenses and other 76,720 67,269
Non-current warrant liability 43,272 45,504
Deferred tax liability 114,690 124,802
Total non-current liabilities 1,132,367 1,151,249
Total liabilities 1,363,053 1,388,682
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 81,187,977 and 80,882,334 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.
8 8
Shares of Class V Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 61,249,000 shares authorized; 59,349,000 and 59,349,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.
6 6
Additional paid-in capital 944,573 926,919
Accumulated deficit (298,049) (254,564)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 22,958 30,777
Total stockholders’ equity 669,496 703,146
Noncontrolling interest 714,187 748,538
Total equity 1,383,683 1,451,684
Total liabilities and equity $ 2,746,736 $ 2,840,366
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Utz Brands, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
(In thousands, except share information)
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Net sales $ 1,438,237 $ 1,408,401 $ 1,180,713
Cost of goods sold 981,751 959,344 796,804
Gross profit 456,486 449,057 383,909
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses
Selling and distribution 273,923 294,061 249,352
Administrative 159,196 150,343 125,855
Total selling, distribution, and administrative expenses 433,119 444,404 375,207
(Loss) gain on sale of assets, net (7,350) 691 1,864
Income from operations 16,017 5,344 10,566
Other (expense) income
Interest expense (60,590) (44,424) (34,708)
Other income 3,066 400 3,551
Gain on remeasurement of warrant liability 2,232 720 36,675
Other (expense) income, net (55,292) (43,304) 5,518
(Loss) income before income taxes (39,275) (37,960) 16,084
Income tax expense (benefit) 757 (23,919) 8,086
Net (loss) income (40,032) (14,041) 7,998
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 15,095 13,649 12,557
Net (loss) income attributable to controlling interest $ (24,937) $ (392) $ 20,555
(Loss) earnings per share of Class A Common Stock:
(in dollars)
Basic $ (0.31) $ - $ 0.26
Diluted $ (0.31) $ - $ 0.25
Weighted-average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding
Basic 81,081,458 80,093,094 76,677,981
Diluted 81,081,458 80,093,094 81,090,229
Net (loss) income $ (40,032) $ (14,041) $ 7,998
Other comprehensive (loss) gain:
Change in fair value of interest rate swap (13,543) 47,279 2,791
Comprehensive (loss) income (53,575) 33,238 10,789
Net comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest 20,819 (6,568) 12,557
Net comprehensive (loss) income attributable to controlling interest $ (32,756) $ 26,670 $ 23,346
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Utz Brands, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (DEFICIT)
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
(In thousands, except share information)
Class A Common Stock Class V Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Total Stockholders’ Equity Non-controlling Interest Total Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at January 3, 2021 71,094,714 $ 7 60,349,000 $ 6 $ 793,461 $ (241,490) $ 924 $ 552,908 $ 831,994 $ 1,384,902
Conversion of warrants 4,976,717 - - 144,659 - - 144,659 (32,714) 111,945
Tax impact arising from exchanges and exercises of warrants - - (51,455) - - (51,455) - (51,455)
Share-based compensation 573,214 1 - 12,960 - - 12,961 - 12,961
Exchange 1,000,000 - (1,000,000) - 12,949 - - 12,949 (12,949) -
Net income - - - 20,555 - 20,555 (12,557) 7,998
Other comprehensive income - - - - 2,791 2,791 - 2,791
Dividends declared ($0.204 per share of Class A Common Stock)
- - - (15,663) - (15,663) - (15,663)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest - - - - - - (18,806) (18,806)
Balance at January 2, 2022 77,644,645 $ 8 59,349,000 $ 6 $ 912,574 $ (236,598) $ 3,715 $ 679,705 $ 754,968 $ 1,434,673
Payments of tax withholding requirements for employee stock awards - - (6,217) - - (6,217) - (6,217)
Share-based compensation 1,132,316 - - 10,632 - - 10,632 - 10,632
Issuance of common stock in connection with private placement sale 2,105,373 - - 28,000 - - 28,000 - 28,000
Tax impact arising from capital transactions - - (18,070) - - (18,070) - (18,070)
Net loss - - - (392) - (392) (13,649) (14,041)
Other comprehensive income - - - - 27,062 27,062 20,217 47,279
Cash dividends declared ($0.219 per
share of Class A Common Stock)
- - - (17,574) - (17,574) - (17,574)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest - - - - - - (12,998) (12,998)
Balance at January 1, 2023 80,882,334 $ 8 59,349,000 $ 6 $ 926,919 $ (254,564) $ 30,777 $ 703,146 $ 748,538 $ 1,451,684
Class A Common Stock Class V Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Total Stockholders’ Equity
Non-controlling Interest Total Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at January 1, 2023 80,882,334 $ 8 59,349,000 $ 6 $ 926,919 $ (254,564) $ 30,777 $ 703,146 $ 748,538 $ 1,451,684
Payments of tax withholding requirements for employee stock awards - - (589) - - (589) - (589)
Share-based compensation 305,643 - - 17,069 - - 17,069 - 17,069
Tax impact arising from capital transactions - - 1,174 - - 1,174 - 1,174
Net loss - - (24,937) - (24,937) (15,095) (40,032)
Other comprehensive loss - - - - (7,819) (7,819) (5,724) (13,543)
Cash dividends declared ($0.228 per
share of Class A Common Stock)
- - - (18,548) - (18,548) - (18,548)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest - - - - - - (13,532) (13,532)
Balance at December 31, 2023 81,187,977 $ 8 59,349,000 $ 6 $ 944,573 $ (298,049) $ 22,958 $ 669,496 $ 714,187 $ 1,383,683
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Utz Brands, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
(In thousands)
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023
For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss) income $ (40,032) $ (14,041) $ 7,998
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Impairment and other charges 12,575 4,678 -
Depreciation and amortization 79,488 86,801 80,725
Gain on remeasurement of warrant liability (2,232) (720) (36,675)
Loss (gain) on sale of assets 7,350 (691) (1,864)
Stock based compensation 17,069 10,632 12,961
Deferred income taxes (8,938) (29,359) 4,828
Amortization of deferred financing costs 1,556 1,933 3,919
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net 1,855 (5,597) (4,528)
Inventories 12,652 (38,490) (10,595)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (14,433) (18,379) (2,931)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other 9,730 51,426 (5,451)
Net cash provided by operating activities 76,640 48,193 48,387
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired - (75) (117,585)
Purchases of property and equipment (55,724) (87,965) (31,739)
Purchases of intangibles - - (1,757)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 9,539 4,333 3,033
Proceeds from sale of routes 28,665 23,399 14,186
Proceeds from the sale of IO notes 5,405 5,017 11,762
Proceeds from insurance claims for capital investments 1,700 3,935 -
Notes receivable, net (38,077) (24,711) (13,998)
Net cash used in investing activities (48,492) (76,067) (136,098)
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings on line of credit 71,000 79,000 121,135
Repayments on line of credit (70,632) (115,000) (85,135)
Borrowings on term debt and notes payable 13,113 124,592 825,139
Repayments on term debt and notes payable (29,211) (21,037) (795,488)
Payment of debt issuance cost (656) (3,660) (9,210)
Payments of tax withholding requirements for employee stock awards (589) (6,217) -
Exercised warrants - - 57,232
Proceeds from issuance of shares - 28,000 -
Dividends paid (18,548) (17,157) (11,908)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest (13,532) (9,615) (18,987)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (49,055) 58,906 82,778
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (20,907) 31,032 (4,933)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 72,930 41,898 46,831
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 52,023 $ 72,930 $ 41,898
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Utz Brands, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of Utz Brands, Inc. ("UBI", the "Company", or "Successor", formerly Collier Creek Holdings ("CCH")) and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for financial statements and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").
CCH was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 30, 2018 as a blank check company. CCH was incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses that the Company had not then identified. CCH’s sponsor was Collier Creek Partners LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "Sponsor").
On August 28, 2020, CCH domesticated into a Delaware corporation and changed its name to "Utz Brands, Inc." (the “Domestication”) and consummated the acquisition of certain limited liability company units of Utz Brands Holdings, LLC ("UBH"), the parent of Utz Quality Foods, LLC (“UQF”), as a result of a new issuance by UBH and purchases from UBH’s existing equity holders pursuant to a Business Combination Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2020 (the “Business Combination Agreement”) among CCH, UBH and Series U of UM Partners, LLC (“Series U”) and Series R of UM Partners, LLC (“Series R” and together with Series U, the “Continuing Members”) (the Domestication and the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, collectively, the “Business Combination”), following the approval at the extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders of CCH held on August 27, 2020. The Noncontrolling interest represents the common limited liability company units of UBH held by the Continuing Members.
All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in combination/consolidation.
Loss of Emerging Growth Company Status - As of January 2, 2022, the Company no longer qualified as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the "JOBS Act”), and we previously took advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"), reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company had elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard was issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, when it was as an emerging growth company, could adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Reclassification - Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. In our Consolidated Statements of Operation and Comprehensive Income and our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2022, the Company began combining Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net and Gain on sale of routes, net, into a single line item as (Loss) gain on sale of assets to simplify our reporting presentation. The reclassification had no impact on total operating costs, earnings from operations, net earnings, earnings per share or total equity.
Prior Period Revision - Statement of Cash Flows - For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company disclosed the borrowings of lines of credit and repayments of lines of credit as separate line items within the financing activities section of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The Company has corrected these line items for the fiscal years ended January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022 for comparability purposes and deems the change to those periods to be immaterial.
Operations - The Company has been a premier producer, marketer and distributor of snack food products since 1921. The Company has steadily expanded its distribution channels to where it now sells products to supermarkets, mass merchants, club stores, dollar and discount stores, convenience stores, independent grocery stores, drug stores, food service, vending, military, and other channels in most regions of the United States through routes to market, that include direct-store-delivery (“DSD”), direct to warehouse, and third-party distributors. The Company manufactures and distributes a full line of high-quality salty snack items, such as potato chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, cheese balls, pork skins, party mixes, and popcorn. The Company also sells dips, crackers, dried meat products and other snack food items packaged by other manufacturers.
Segment Reporting - The Company operates in one reportable segment: the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of snack food products. The Company defines reporting segments as components of an organization for which discrete financial information is available and operating results are evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM”) in order to assess performance and allocate resources. The CODM is the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Characteristics of the organization which were relied upon in making the determination that the Company operates in one reportable segment include the similar nature of all of the products that the Company sells, the functional alignment of the Company’s organizational structure, and the reports that are regularly reviewed by the CODM for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all highly-liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The majority of the Company’s cash is held in financial institutions with insurance provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC”) of $250,000 per depositor. At various times, account balances may exceed federally insured limits.
Accounts Receivables - Accounts receivable are reported at net realizable value. The net realizable value is based on Company management’s estimate of the amount of receivables that will be collected based on analysis of historical data and trends, as well as review of significant customer accounts. Accounts receivable are considered to be past due when payments are not received within the customer’s credit terms. The Company's methodology to measure the provision for credit losses requires an estimation of loss rates based upon historical loss experience adjusted for factors that are relevant to determining the expected collectability of accounts receivable. Some of these factors include current market conditions, delinquency trends, aging behavior of receivables, and customer classes or individual customers as well as expectations of future credit losses and the customers ability to pay.
The Company's estimates are reviewed and revised periodically based on the ongoing evaluation of credit quality indicators. Historically, actual write-offs for uncollectible accounts have not significantly differed from prior estimates. The Company's bad debt expense was $1.2 million and $0.9 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (based on a method that approximates first-in, first-out or weighted average) or net realizable value. Inventory write-downs are recorded for shrinkage, damaged, stale and slow-moving items.
Property, Plant and Equipment - Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Major additions and betterments are recorded to the asset accounts, while maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the assets, are charged to expense accounts as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the disposal period. Depreciation is determined utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various assets, which generally range from 2 to 20 years for machinery and equipment, 3 to 10 years for transportation equipment and 8 to 40 years for buildings. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. The Company assesses for impairment on property, plant and equipment upon the occurrence of a triggering event.
Hosting arrangements - Certain of our service contracts have been deemed to be hosting arrangements. Certain costs incurred for the implementation of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective contract. Amortization begins for each component of the hosting arrangement when the component becomes ready for its intended use. Capitalized implementation costs are presented in Other assets of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization expense of the capitalized implementation costs is presented in Administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes - The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes, which requires it to recognize current tax liabilities or receivables for the amount of taxes it estimates are payable or refundable for the current year, and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases of assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period enacted. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income and the reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the period in which related temporary differences become deductible.
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10 related to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740-10 prescribes a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns.
The benefit of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s income tax returns is recognized in the financial statements if such positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Differences between tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefit recognized and measured pursuant to the interpretation are referred to as "unrecognized benefits.” A liability is recognized (or amount of net operating loss carryover or amount of tax refundable is reduced) for an unrecognized tax benefit because it represents an enterprise’s potential future obligation to the taxing authority for a tax position that was not recognized as a result of applying the provisions of ASC 740-10. Interest costs and related penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are required to be calculated, if applicable. The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as selling, distribution, general and administrative expenses ("SD&A"). As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required to be reported. The Company does not expect any significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits in the next fiscal year.
Distribution Route Acquisition and Sale Transactions - The Company acquires and sells distribution routes as a part of the Company’s maintenance of its DSD network. As new independent operators ("IOs”) are identified, the Company either sells its newly-created or existing Company-managed routes to IOs or sells routes that were previously acquired by the Company to IOs. Gain/loss from the sale of a distribution route is recorded upon the completion of the sale transaction, and is calculated based on the difference between the sale price of the distribution route and the asset carrying value of the distribution route as of the date of sale. The Company records intangible assets for distribution routes that it purchases based on the payment that the Company makes to acquire the route, and records the purchased distribution routes as indefinite-lived intangible assets under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. The indefinite lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment testing.
Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets - The Company allocates the cost of acquired companies to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the remaining amount classified as goodwill. The identification and valuation of these intangible assets and the determination of the estimated useful lives at the time of acquisition, as well as the completion of impairment tests, require significant management judgments and estimates. These estimates are made based on, among other factors, review of projected future operating results and business plans, economic projections, anticipated highest and best use of future cash flows and the cost of capital. The use of alternative estimates and assumptions could increase or decrease the estimated fair value of goodwill and other intangible assets, and potentially result in a different impact to the Company’s results of operations. Further, changes in business strategy and/or market conditions may significantly impact these judgments and thereby impact the fair value of these assets, which could result in an impairment of the goodwill or intangible assets.
Finite-lived intangible assets consist of distribution/customer relationships, technology, certain master distribution rights and certain trademarks. These assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment only when management has determined that potential impairment indicators are present.
Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets (including certain trademarks, trade names, certain master distribution rights and Company-owned sales routes) are not amortized but are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances change that indicate impairment may have occurred. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. The Company has identified the existing snack food operations as its sole reporting unit.
In accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Update ("ASU”) No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("Topic 350”): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, the Company is required to record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value.
Topic 350, also permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform quantitative impairment tests for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. If an entity believes, as a result of each qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill or an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying value then a quantitative impairment test is not required.
For the latest qualitative analysis performed, which took place on the first day of the fourth quarter of 2023, we had taken into consideration all the events and circumstances listed in Topic 350, in addition to other entity-specific factors that have taken place. Our fiscal year 2023 qualitative analysis concluded that Goodwill and our intangible assets were not impaired.
Share-Based Compensation - Share-based compensation is rewarded to associates and directors of the Company and accounted for in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation ("ASC 718”). Share-based compensation expense is recognized for equity awards over the vesting period based on their grant-date fair value. The Company uses various forms of long-term incentives including, but not limited to, stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs”) and performance share units ("PSUs”). The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The exercise price of each stock option equals or exceeds the estimated fair value of the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. Stock options can generally be exercised over a maximum term of ten years. The grant date fair value of the PSUs is determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The grant date fair value of the RSUs is determined using the Company’s closing trading price on the grant date. Share-based compensation expense is included within the same financial statement caption where the recipient’s other compensation is reported. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Financial instruments held by the Company include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, hedging instruments, warrants, purchase commitments on commodities, accounts payable and debt. The carrying value of all cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the debt is also estimated to approximate its fair value based upon current market conditions and interest rates. The fair value of the hedging instruments is revalued at each reporting period. The related gains and losses of the hedging instruments are reported in Prepaid expense and other assets and Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow.
Self-Insurance - The Company is primarily self-insured, up to certain limits, for employee group health claims. The Company purchases stop-loss insurance, which will reimburse the Company for individual and aggregate claims in excess of certain annual established limits. Operations are charged with the cost of claims reported and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported. Total health care expense under the program was $22.2 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and $18.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $18.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022 The reserve for unpaid claims, which includes an estimate of claims incurred but not reported, was $2.0 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.
The Company is primarily self-insured through large deductible insurance plans for automobile, general liability and workers’ compensation. The Company has utilized a number of different insurance vehicles and programs for these insurable risks and recognizes expenses and reserves in accordance with the provisions of each insurance vehicle/program. The expense associated with automobile, general liability and workers’ compensation insurance programs totaled $11.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $8.5 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $8.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022. The Company also records reserves for unpaid claims and an estimate for claims incurred but not yet reported, including an estimate for the development of any such claim. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company had reserves totaling $4.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively, for these insurance programs.
Shipping and Handling - The Company records shipping and handling expenses within selling expenses. Shipping and handling expenses for products shipped to customers totaled $45.0 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $59.5 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $57.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022.
Advertising Costs - Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred. The Company had no significant direct response advertising. Advertising expenses totaled $12.3 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $9.9 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $11.8 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022. Cooperative advertising, primarily consisting of in-print advertising, point-of-sale displays, and in-store demos, totaled $29.8 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $21.6 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $17.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022.
Employee Benefits - The Company maintains several contributory 401(k) retirement plans (the "Plans”) for its associates. Profit sharing contributions are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and expenses recognized related to the profit sharing contribution was $5.5 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $6.3 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $3.9 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022. The Plans provide associates with matching contributions primarily at 20% of their contributions as defined in the Plans. The expense related to the matching contributions was $1.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $1.4 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $1.9 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022.
Revenue Recognition - The Company’s revenues primarily consist of the sale of salty snack items to customers, including supermarkets, mass merchants, club stores, dollar and discount stores, convenience stores, independent grocery stores, drug stores, food service, vending, military, and other channels. The Company sells its products in most regions of the United States primarily through its DSD network, direct to warehouse shipments, and third-party distributors. These revenue contracts generally have a single performance obligation. Revenue, which includes shipping and handling charges billed to the customer, is reported net of variable consideration and consideration payable to customers, including applicable discounts, returns, allowances, trade promotion, consumer coupon redemption, unsaleable product, and other costs, some of which are recorded in Selling and distribution. Amounts billed and due from customers are classified as accounts receivables and require payment on a short-term basis and, therefore, the Company does not have any significant financing components.
The Company recognizes revenue when (or as) performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the goods to customers. Control is transferred upon delivery of the goods to the customer. Shipping and/or handling costs that occur before the customer obtains control of the goods are deemed to be fulfillment activities and are accounted for as fulfillment costs. Applicable shipping and handling are included in customer billing and are recorded as revenue as the products’ control is transferred to customers. The Company assesses the goods promised in customer purchase orders and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer a good that is distinct.
The Company offers various forms of trade promotions and the methodologies for determining these provisions are dependent on local customer pricing and promotional practices, which range from contractually fixed percentage price reductions to provisions based on actual occurrence or performance. The Company’s promotional activities are conducted either through the retail trade or directly with consumers and include activities such as in store displays and events, feature price discounts, consumer coupons, and loyalty programs. The costs of these activities are recognized at the time the related revenue is recorded, which normally precedes the actual cash expenditure. The recognition of these costs therefore requires management judgment regarding the volume of promotional offers that will be redeemed by either the retail trade customer or consumer. These estimates are made using various techniques including historical data on performance of similar promotional programs. The Company has reserves in place of $17.4 million as of December 31, 2023, which include adjustments taken by customers of $6.2 million that are awaiting final processing and reserves of $46.3 million as of January 1, 2023, which include adjustments taken by customers of $32.8 million that are awaiting final processing. Differences between estimated expense and actual redemptions are recognized as a change in management estimate as actual redemptions are incurred.
Customer Concentrations - One customer provided in excess of 10% of the Company's net sales during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022 in the amount of 13%, 12% and 15%, respectively. In addition, one customer provided in excess of 10% of the Company's accounts receivable at January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022 in the amount of 11% and 10%, respectively. No customer provided greater than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable at December 31, 2023.
Business Combinations - The Company evaluates acquisitions of assets and other similar transactions to assess whether or not the transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If the screen is met, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If the screen is not met, further determination is required as to whether or not the Company has acquired inputs and processes that have the ability to create outputs which would meet the definition of a business. Significant judgment is required in the application of the screen test to determine whether an acquisition is accounted for as business combination or an acquisition of assets.
The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for acquired businesses. Under the acquisition method, the Company’s financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business starting from the completion of the acquisition. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.
Distributor Buyouts - During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 2022, the Company bought out and terminated the contracts of multiple third-party distributors who had previously been providing services to the Company. These transactions, which were accounted for as contract terminations and asset purchases, resulted in expense of $1.5 million and $23.0 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively and are included within selling and distribution expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for such period.
Use of Estimates - Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Those estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Some examples, but not a comprehensive list, include sales and promotional allowances, customer returns, allowances for doubtful accounts, inventory valuations, useful lives of fixed assets and related impairment, long-term investments, hedge transactions, goodwill and intangible asset valuations and impairments, incentive compensation, income taxes, self-insurance, contingencies, litigation, and inputs used to calculate deferred tax liabilities, tax valuation allowances, and tax receivable agreements. Actual results could vary materially from the estimates that were used.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards - In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("Topic 326"). Topic 326 requires entities to measure the impairment of certain financial instruments, including accounts receivables, notes receivables and off balance sheet notes receivables, based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Topic 326 was effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2023. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to amend existing income tax disclosure guidance, primarily requiring more detailed disclosures for income taxes paid and the effective tax rate reconciliation. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted and can be applied on either a prospective or retroactive basis. The Company is currently evaluating the ASU to determine its impact on the Company's income tax disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. Among other changes, the amendments will require disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and should be applied on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.
2.ACQUISITIONS
Vitner's
On January 11, 2021, the Company announced that its subsidiary, UQF, entered into a definitive agreement with Snak-King Corp. to acquire certain assets of the C.J. Vitner business ("Vitner's acquisition" or the "acquisition of Vitner's"), a leading brand of salty snacks in the Chicago, Illinois area. The Company closed this transaction on February 8, 2021 and the purchase price of approximately $25.2 million was funded from current cash-on-hand. The fair values to which the purchase price was allocated were $2.9 million to trademarks, $0.8 million to customer relationships, $1.7 million to DSD routes, $1.9 million of other net assets, and $17.9 million to goodwill. The trademarks and customer relationships are being amortized over a period of 15 years. As of February 8, 2022, the purchase price allocation had been finalized.
Festida Foods
On May 11, 2021, the Company announced that its subsidiary, UQF, entered into a definitive agreement with Great Lakes Festida Holdings, Inc. to acquire all assets including real estate located in Grand Rapids, Michigan related to the operations of Festida Foods ("Festida Foods acquisition" or the "acquisition of Festida Foods"), a manufacturer of tortilla chips, corn chips, and pellet snacks, and the largest manufacturer of tortilla chips for the Company's ON THE BORDER® brand. The Company closed this transaction on June 7, 2021 and the purchase price of approximately $40.3 million was funded in part from incremental financing on an existing term loan. The customer relationships are being amortized over a period of 10 years. As of June 7, 2022, the purchase price allocation had been finalized.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by the Company for the acquisition of Festida Foods at the date of the acquisition:
(in thousands)
Purchase consideration $ 40,324
Assets acquired:
Accounts receivable 2,776
Inventory 2,704
Prepaid expenses and other assets 182
Property, plant and equipment 24,650
Customer relationships 1,270
Total assets acquired: 31,582
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable 2,017
Accrued expenses 844
Total liabilities assumed: 2,861
Net identifiable assets acquired 28,721
Goodwill $ 11,603
The customer relationships are being amortized over a period of 10 years.
RW Garcia
On November 2, 2021, the Company announced that certain of its subsidiaries, entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the equity of R.W. Garcia Holdings, LLC and its wholly-owned subsidiary, R.W. Garcia Co., Inc. (together "RW Garcia"), an artisan maker of high-quality organic tortilla chips, crackers, and corn chips ("RW Garcia acquisition" or the “acquisition of RW Garcia”). The Company closed on this transaction on December 6, 2021, and the cash purchase price of approximately $57.9 million funded in part from a draw on the Company's line of credit and cash on hand. In addition to this acquisition on December 6, 2021, the Company closed on an acquisition of a manufacturing facility of which RW Garcia was a tenant. The cost of the manufacturing facility was approximately $6.0 million. Please see "Note 20. Subsequent Events" for the discussion of the disposition of RW Garcia by the Company in February 2024.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by the Company for the RW Garcia acquisition at the date of the acquisition:
(in thousands)
Purchase consideration $ 56,430
Tax consideration 1,458
Total consideration 57,888
Assets acquired:
Cash 5,401
Accounts receivable 4,660
Inventory 5,674
Prepaid expenses and other assets 2,102
Property, plant and equipment 20,210
Trade name 3,100
Customer relationships 4,720
Total assets acquired: 45,867
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable 6,017
Accrued expenses 1,838
Deferred tax liability 5,898
Total liabilities assumed: 13,753
Net identifiable assets acquired 32,114
Goodwill $ 25,774
The trade name and customer relationships are being amortized over a period of 15 years. The purchase price allocation was finalized prior to December 6, 2022.
3.INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following:
(in thousands) As of
December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
Finished goods $ 65,673 $ 67,386
Raw materials 29,757 42,204
Maintenance parts 9,236 8,416
Total inventories $ 104,666 $ 118,006
4.PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property, plant and equipment, net, consisted of the following:
(in thousands) As of
December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
Land $ 28,561 $ 30,582
Buildings 123,603 129,824
Machinery and equipment 248,886 255,505
Land improvements 3,887 3,756
Building improvements 5,163 3,709
Construction-in-progress 35,533 21,934
445,633 445,310
Less: accumulated depreciation (126,752) (100,112)
Property, plant and equipment, net $ 318,881 $ 345,198
On April 28, 2022, certain of the Company's subsidiaries purchased a brand new, recently completed snack food manufacturing facility in Kings Mountain, North Carolina from Evans Food Group Ltd. d/b/a Benestar Brands and related affiliates. The total purchase price of the facility was approximately $38.4 million, plus assumed liabilities of $1.3 million. The Company paid the full cash purchase price of $38.4 million at the closing and concurrently with the facility purchase, the Company sold 2.1 million shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for $28.0 million, to affiliates of Benestar in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.
During the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, the Company recorded impairments totaling $2.7 million related to property and equipment damaged in one of the Company's smaller manufacturing facilities by a natural disaster. During the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, the Company received $3.9 million in insurance proceeds related to a partial settlement of damaged property and equipment, resulting in a gain during fiscal the year ended January 1, 2023 of $1.2 million. As a result of the damage to the facility the Company has had to shift production to other facilities as well as utilize a co-manufacturer which has resulted in additional production and distribution costs. In addition, during the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, the Company received $6.0 million in proceeds related to a partial settlement of a business interruption insurance claim. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received an additional $1.7 million in insurance proceeds related to the settlement of damaged property and equipment and additional $1.3 million related to the settlement of the business interruption insurance claim. The Company has recognized receipts of the business interruption insurance as a reduction of the cost of goods sold and the receipts related to the damage to property plant and equipment within the (loss) gain on sale of assets, net in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company recognizes gains from insurance proceeds, at the earliest, after receipt of insurance proceeds. The Company intends to sell this facility and expects to dispose of the property within the next twelve months. As a result, the Company recorded additional impairments for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 totaling $1.9 million recorded to Administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and has reclassified this facility on its consolidated balance sheet to Assets held for sale in the amount of $1.6 million. The fair value of this facility was based upon prices of similar assets.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded expenses of $8.9 million in connection with the closure of the Company's manufacturing facility in Birmingham, Alabama, which included $1.3 million in severance and related costs and $10.6 million of asset impairments related to fixed assets. The severance and related expenses are recorded in the cost of goods sold line on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The fixed asset impairments are recorded in the administrative expenses line on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company has identified a potential buyer for this property and has reclassified this property to Assets held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 in the amount of $6.0 million.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed the sale of the Company's manufacturing facility in Bluffton, Indiana, which resulted in a loss on sale of the assets of $13.4 million. Also, in connection with the sale the Company recorded $4.7 million of expense related to the termination of a contract that was settled with the sale. Additionally, the Company entered into a supply agreement with the buyer pursuant to which the buyer is obligated to co-manufacture certain products at below market rates for up to one year. The Company recorded a tolling asset of $0.6 million for the difference between the rate charged and the market rate for these services. If the buyer defaults on its obligations to manufacture any of the committed products, a financial penalty will be assessed based on the contractual terms required in the supply agreement. In a separate transaction, the Company completed the sale of land in Hanover, Pennsylvania to a separate third-party for a gain of $4.0 million.
Depreciation expense was $40.5 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $47.8 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $43.1 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022. Depreciation expense is classified in cost of goods sold, selling, distribution, and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (loss).
5.GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
A roll forward of goodwill is as follows:
(in thousands)
Balance as of January 2, 2022
$ 915,438
RW Garcia acquisition adjustment (143)
Balance as of January 1, 2023
915,295
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$ 915,295
Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following:
(in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
Subject to amortization:
Distributor/customer relationships $ 677,930 $ 677,930
Trademarks 63,850 63,850
Amortizable assets, gross 741,780 741,780
Accumulated amortization (120,405) (82,738)
Amortizable assets, net 621,375 659,042
Not subject to amortization
Trade names 434,513 434,513
IO routes 7,525 6,010
Intangible assets, net $ 1,063,413 $ 1,099,565
Previously, the Company was granted certain exclusive distribution rights for certain products manufactured by another manufacturer. During the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, the Company shifted the relationship with that manufacturer and converted that shelf space to Company-branded products. As a result, the Company recorded impairment expense of $2.0 million and the amortizable master distribution rights decreased by $2.2 million. There were no other significant changes to intangible assets during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, other than those which arise from the ordinary course of business related to the purchase and sale of Company-owned route assets and amortization.
Amortization of the distributor/customer relationships, technology, and trademarks amounted to $37.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $37.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $37.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022. The expense related to the amortization of intangibles is classified in administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Amortization expense is classified in administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Estimated future amortization expense is as follows:
(in thousands) As of December 31, 2023
2024 $ 37,668
2025 37,668
2026 37,668
2027 37,668
2028 37,668
Thereafter 433,035
Total $ 621,375
6.NOTES RECEIVABLE
The Company has undertaken a program in recent years to sell Company-managed DSD distribution routes to IOs. Contracts are executed between the Company and the IOs for the sale of the product distribution route, including a note in favor of the Company, in certain cases. The notes bear interest at rates ranging from 0.00% to 10.40% with terms ranging generally from one to ten years. The notes receivable balances due from IOs at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 totaled $17.6 million and $22.0 million, respectively, and are collateralized by the routes for which the loans are made. The Company has a corresponding notes payable liability, related to the IOs notes receivables, of $16.5 million and $21.1 million at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. The related notes payable liability is discussed in further detail within Note 8. "Long-Term Debt."
Other notes receivable totaled $0.1 million as of each of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023.
7.ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER
Current accrued expenses and other consisted of the following:
(in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
Accrued compensation and benefits $ 21,466 $ 38,974
Operating right of use liability 14,992 12,389
Insurance liabilities 6,811 6,701
Accrued freight and manufacturing related costs 4,424 10,817
Accrued dividends and distributions 7,972 7,989
Accrued interest 13,280 1,151
Other accrued expenses 8,645 13,991
Total accrued expenses and other $ 77,590 $ 92,012
Non-current accrued expenses and other consisted of the following:
(in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
Operating right of use liability $ 43,928 $ 35,331
Tax Receivable Agreement liability 24,297 25,426
Supplemental retirement and salary continuation plans 6,559 6,512
Long-term portion of an interest rate hedge liability 1,936 -
Total accrued expenses and other $ 76,720 $ 67,269
8.LONG-TERM DEBT
Revolving Credit Facility
On November 21, 2017, UBH entered into an asset based revolving credit facility (as amended, the "ABL facility") in an initial aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million. The ABL facility was set to expire on the fifth anniversary of closing, or November 21, 2022. On April 1, 2020, the ABL facility was amended to increase the credit limit up to $116.0 million and to extend the maturity through August 22, 2024. On December 18, 2020, the ABL facility was amended to further increase the credit limit up to $161.0 million. On September 22, 2022, the ABL facility was amended to further increase the credit limit up to $175.0 million, and replaced the interest rate benchmark from London Inter-Bank Rate ("LIBOR") to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, $0.4 million and $0.0 million, respectively, were outstanding under this facility. Availability under the ABL facility is based on a monthly accounts receivable and inventory borrowing base certification, which is net of outstanding letters of credit and amounts borrowed. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, $158.4 million and $163.0 million, respectively, was available for borrowing, net of letters of credit. The ABL facility is also subject to unused line fees (0.5% at both December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023) and other fees and expenses. On July 20, 2023, the ABL facility was further amended to increase the credit limit to $225.0 million and extend the maturity through the earlier of July 20, 2028, or 91 days prior to the maturity of the Term Loan B (as defined below). The Company incurred fees of $0.7 million in connection with the amendment to the ABL facility.
Standby letters of credit in the amount of $12.2 million and $12.0 million have been issued as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. The standby letters of credit are primarily issued for insurance purposes.
Term Loans
On December 14, 2020, the Company entered into a Bridge Credit Agreement with a syndicate of banks, led by Bank of America, N.A. (the "Bridge Credit Agreement”). The proceeds of the Bridge Credit Agreement were used to fund the Company’s acquisition of Truco Holdco Inc. (“Truco”) and the IP Purchase (as defined below) from OTB Acquisition, LLC, in which the Company withdrew $490.0 million to finance the acquisition of Truco (such acquisition, the "Truco Acquisition") and certain intellectual property from OTB Acquisition, LLC (the "IP Purchase"). The Bridge Credit Agreement bore interest at an annual rate based on 4.25% plus 1-month LIBOR with scheduled incremental increases to the base rate, as defined in the Bridge Credit Agreement. The loan converts into an Extended Term Loan if the loan remains open 365 days after the closing date. As of January 3, 2021, the outstanding balance of the Bridge Credit Agreement was $370.0 million, with $120.0 million being repaid from the exercise of the Company's warrants. Commitment fees and deferred financing costs on the Bridge Credit Agreement totaled $7.2 million, of which $2.6 million remained on the books as of January 3, 2021. On January 20, 2021, the Bridge Credit Agreement was repaid in full by the refinancing of term debt. In connection with Amendment No. 2 (as defined below), and a $12.0 million repayment in the first quarter of 2021, the outstanding balance of $370.0 million was repaid in full and the Bridge Credit Agreement was terminated.
On January 20, 2021, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Bridge Credit Agreement ("Amendment No. 2") which provided additional operating flexibility and revisions to certain restrictive covenants. Pursuant to the terms of Amendment No. 2, the Company raised $720.0 million in aggregate principal of Term Loan B ("Term Loan B") which bore interest at LIBOR plus 3.00%, and extended the maturity of the Bridge Credit Agreement to January 20, 2028. The proceeds were used, together with cash on hand and proceeds from our exercised warrants, to redeem the outstanding principal amount of existing Term Loan B and Bridge Credit Agreement of $410.0 million and $358.0 million, respectively. The refinancing was accounted for as an extinguishment. The Company incurred debt issuance costs and original issuance discounts of $8.4 million.
On June 22, 2021, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Bridge Credit Agreement ("Amendment No. 3"). Pursuant to the terms of Amendment No. 3, the Company increased the principal balance of Term Loan B by $75.0 million to bring the aggregated balance of Term Loan B proceeds to $795.0 million. The Company incurred additional debt issuance costs and original issuance discounts of $0.7 million related to the incremental funding.
On September 22, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 4 to the Bridge Credit Agreement ("Amendment No. 4"), which replaced the interest rate benchmark from LIBOR to SOFR. The weighted average interest rate on the Term Loan B debt for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023 was 5.74% and 4.93%, respectively.
On October 12, 2022, the Company, through its subsidiaries UQF, Kennedy and Condor Snack Foods, LLC (together with UQF and Kennedy, the “Real Estate Financing Borrowers”), entered into a loan agreement (the “Real Estate Term Loan”) with City National Bank which was secured by a majority of the Real Estate Financing Borrowers’ real estate assets. The Real Estate Term Loan holds a principal balance of $88.1 million, with net proceeds of approximately $85.0 million after transaction fees and expenses. The Real Estate Term Loan has a ten-year maturity and amortizes approximately $3.5 million in principal annually, with a balloon payment due at maturity. The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the Real Estate Term Loan to pay off the ABL facility. The Real Estate Term Loan contains a single financial maintenance covenant consisting of a fixed charge coverage ratio that is tested quarterly only during a covenant trigger period consistent with the existing ABL facility. Concurrent with the closing of the Real Estate Term Loan, UQF entered into an interest rate swap transaction to fix the effective interest rate at approximately 5.93%, as discussed in further detail within "Note 9. Derivative Financial Instruments and Purchase Commitments”. In September 2023, the Company made an additional $4.4 million paydown of the Real Estate Term Loan using net proceeds from the sale of land to a third-party, as discussed within Note 4. “Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net”, as well as cash on hand. Following such paydown, the Real Estate Term Loan will amortize approximately $3.3 million in principal annually through maturity, subject to any additional advanced paydowns.
The Term Loan B and the ABL facility are collateralized by substantially all of the assets and liabilities of UBH and its subsidiaries excluding the real estate assets secured by the Real Estate Term Loan, including equity interests in certain of UBH’s subsidiaries. The credit agreements contain certain affirmative and negative covenants as to operations and the financial condition of UBH and its subsidiaries. UBH and its subsidiaries were in compliance with its financial covenants as of December 31, 2023.
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
Debt (in thousands)
Issue Date Principal Balance Maturity Date December 31, 2023 January 1, 2023
Term loan B(1)
June-21 $ 795,000 January-28 $ 771,335 $ 779,286
Real Estate Loan October-22 88,140 October-32 80,184 88,140
Equipment loans(2)
56,482 54,053
ABL facility(3)
October-27 368 -
Net impact of debt issuance costs and original issue discounts (8,772) (9,672)
Total long-term debt 899,597 911,807
Less: current portion (21,086) (18,472)
Long term portion of term debt and financing obligations $ 878,511 $ 893,335
(1) On September 22, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 4.
(2) In July 2021, the Company entered into two separate finance lease obligations with Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC, which have been treated as secured borrowing. The Company has made the following draws upon these agreements: $26.5 million in fiscal year 2021, $32.4 million in fiscal year 2022, and $13.1 million in fiscal year 2023. These draws bear interest ranging from 3.26% through 7.25% and have varying maturities up through 2028.
(3) The facility bore interest at an annual rate based on LIBOR, or SOFR plus a 0.10% credit spread adjustment after the amendment on September 22, 2022, plus an applicable margin of 1.50% (ranging from 1.50% to 2.00% based on availability) or the prime rate plus an applicable margin of 0.50% (ranging from 0.50% to 1.00%). The Company generally utilizes the prime rate for amounts that the Company expects to pay down within 30 days, the interest rate on the facility as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, was 9.25% and 8.25%, respectively, under the prime rate. The Company elected to use the LIBOR, prior to the amendment on September 22, 2022 which changed the reference rate to SOFR as described above, for balances that are expected to be carried longer than 30 days, the interest rate on the ABL facility as of December 31, 2023 was 7.19%.
As of December 31, 2023, the minimum debt repayments under term debt and financing obligations consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
2024 $ 21,086
2025 21,401
2026 20,555
2027 18,018
2028 746,187
Thereafter 81,122
Total $ 908,369
Term loan B, the Revolving Credit Facility, and the equipment loans are debt of UBH and its’ subsidiaries. There are no material differences between the financial statements of UBI and its consolidated subsidiaries and the financial statements of UBH and its consolidated subsidiaries, except for the warrant liability and associated gain (loss) on remeasurement of warrant liability as described in "Note 17. "Warrants,” the Tax Receivable Agreement described in "Note 15. Income Taxes” and accrued dividends to shareholders which flow out of UBH.
Other Notes Payable and Capital Leases
During the first fiscal quarter of 2022, the Company bought out and terminated the contracts of multiple distributors who had previously been providing services to the Company. These transactions were accounted for as contract terminations and asset purchases and resulted in expense of $23.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023. The outstanding payable balance of these transactions was $0.5 million as of January 1, 2023.
During the first fiscal quarter of 2020, the Company purchased intellectual property that included a deferred purchase price of $0.5 million, of which $0.2 million and $0.3 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Amounts outstanding under notes payable consisted of the following:
(in thousands) As of
December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
Note payable - IO notes $ 16,478 $ 21,098
Finance lease obligations(1)
10,145 10,995
Other 200 835
Total notes payable 26,823 32,928
Less: current portion (7,649) (12,589)
Long term portion of notes payable $ 19,174 $ 20,339
(1) See “Note 16. Leases” for further discussion on our finance lease obligations.
During fiscal year 2021, the Company sold $12.5 million of notes receivable from IOs for proceeds of $11.8 million in a series of transactions to a financial institution. During fiscal year 2022, the Company sold an additional $5.0 million of notes receivable from IOs for proceeds of $5.0 million to a financial institution. During fiscal year 2023, the Company sold an additional $5.2 million of notes receivable from IOs for proceeds of $5.4 million to a financial institution. Due to the structure of these transactions, they did not qualify for sale accounting treatment and the Company has recorded the notes payable obligation owed by the IOs to the financial institution on its books; the corresponding notes receivable also remained on the Company’s books. The Company services the loans for the financial institution by collecting principal and interest from the IOs and passing it through to the institution. The underlying notes have various maturity dates through June 2032. The Company partially guarantees the outstanding loans, as discussed in further detail within "Note 12. Contingencies”. These loans are collateralized by the routes for which the loans are made. Accordingly, the Company has the ability to recover substantially all of the outstanding loan value upon default.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consisted of the following:
(in thousands) For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Company’s ABL facility and other long-term debt $ 57,881 $ 41,231 $ 29,270
Amortization of deferred financing fees 1,556 1,933 3,847
IO loans 1,153 1,260 1,591
Total interest $ 60,590 $ 44,424 $ 34,708
9.DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND PURCHASE COMMITMENTS
Derivative Financial Instruments
To reduce the effect of interest rate fluctuations, on December 21, 2021, with an effective date of December 31, 2021, the Company entered into an accreting interest rate swap contract with a counter-party to make a series of payments based on a fixed interest rate of 1.39% and receive a series of payments based on the greater of LIBOR or 0.00%. Both the fixed and floating payment streams were based on a notional amount of $250 million and have accreted to $500 million and are maturing on September 30, 2026. Effective on September 30, 2022 the Company amended the swap contract to reference the 1-month SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment (“CSA”) of 11.448 basis points, as well as setting the new fixed rate to 1.41%; under this amended swap agreement the Company will receive a series of payments based on the greater of SOFR plus CSA, or 0.00%.
On October 12, 2022, the Company entered into a 10-year swap contract, with an effective date of November 1, 2022, with a counter-party to make a series of payments based on a fixed interest rate of 3.83% and receive a series of payments based on the greater of the 1-month SOFR or 0.00%. The agreement covers $84.6 million as of December 31, 2023. This swap effectively fixes the rate of the Real Estate Term Loan to 5.93%. The balance that the hedge covers is designed to abate as principal payments on the Real Estate Term Loan are made. The Company entered into these transactions to reduce its exposure to changes in cash flows associated with the Real Estate Term Loan and has designated this derivative as a cash flow hedge. The Company assesses hedge effectiveness both at the onset of the hedge and at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative instrument. If it is probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, the derivative instrument's gain or loss reported in accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings.
As of December 31, 2023, the effective fixed interest rate on the long-term debt hedged by these contracts was 5.88%. For further treatment of the Company’s interest rate swap, refer to "Note 10. Fair Value Measurements” and "Note 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.”
Warrant Liabilities
The Company has outstanding warrants which are accounted for as derivative liabilities pursuant to ASC 815-40. See Note 17. "Warrants" for additional information on our warrant liabilities. A reconciliation of the changes in the warrant liability during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:
(in thousands)
Fair value of warrant liabilities as of January 1, 2023 $ 45,504
Gain on remeasurement of warrant liability (2,232)
Fair value of warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2023 $ 43,272
Purchase Commitments
The Company has outstanding purchase commitments for specific quantities at fixed prices for certain key ingredients to economically hedge commodity input prices. These purchase commitments totaled $66.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and $54.0 million as of January 1, 2023. The Company accrues for losses on firm purchase commitments in a loss position at the end of each reporting period to the extent that there is an active observable market. The Company has recorded purchase commitment (losses) gains totaling $(3.3) million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $0.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $1.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022, respectively.
10.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company follows the guidance relating to fair value measurements and disclosures with respect to financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reported at fair value each reporting period, and with respect to non-financial assets and liabilities that are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I) and the lowest priority to unobservable pricing inputs (Level III). A financial asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level I - Valuations are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level II - Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active. Financial asset or liabilities which are included in this category are securities where all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and
Level III - Prices or valuations that are unobservable and where there is little, if any, market activity for these financial assets or liabilities. The inputs into the determination of fair value inputs for these investments require significant management judgment or estimation. The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial asset or liability and is affected by a wide variety of factors. To the extent that valuation is based on inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment.
The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 derivative instruments were determined using valuation models that use market observable inputs including interest rate curves and both forward and spot prices for commodities. Derivative assets and liabilities included in Level 2 primarily represent commodity and interest rate swap contracts.
The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based upon the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall, as of December 31, 2023:
(in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 52,023 $ - $ - $ 52,023
Commodity contracts - 211 - 211
Interest rate swaps - 33,332 - 33,332
Total assets $ 52,023 $ 33,543 $ - $ 85,566
Liabilities:
Commodity contracts $ - $ 2,094 $ - $ 2,094
Interest rate swaps - 1,936 - 1,936
Private placement warrants - 43,272 - 43,272
Debt - 899,597 - 899,597
Total liabilities $ - $ 946,899 $ - $ 946,899
The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based upon the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall, as of January 1, 2023:
(in thousands) Level I Level II Level III Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 72,930 $ - $ - $ 72,930
Commodity contracts - 1,586 - 1,586
Interest rate swaps - 45,088 - 45,088
Total assets $ 72,930 $ 46,674 $ - $ 119,604
Liabilities:
Private placement warrants - 45,504 - 45,504
Debt - 911,807 - 911,807
Total liabilities $ - $ 957,311 $ - $ 957,311
11.SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
For the periods presented, compensation expense included primarily in selling, distribution, and administrative expense for all types of stock-based compensation programs and the related income tax benefit recognized were as follows:
(in thousands) Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
RSUs $ 9,705 $ 5,136 $ 8,574
PSUs 4,279 2,253 1,228
Stock Options 1,281 1,056 493
Pre-tax compensation expense $ 15,265 8,445 $ 10,295
Related income tax benefit (3,452)
Impact to net income $ 4,993
The tax benefit recognized from the share-based compensation expense is nominal for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and January 2, 2022 due to a valuation allowance.
Unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share-based compensation grants was as follows:
(in thousands) As of December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
RSUs $ 7,372 $ 8,710
PSUs 6,800 7,791
Stock Options 819 1,945
Total $ 14,991 $ 18,446
Restricted and Performance Share Units
2020 Long-term Incentive Plan ("LTIP") RSUs
In connection with the Business Combination, the Phantom Units issued under the Utz Quality Foods, LLC 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2018 LTIP”) were converted into restricted stock units (the “2020 LTIP RSUs”) issued under Utz Quality Foods, LLC 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2020 LTIP”), with each 2020 LTIP RSU vesting on December 31, 2021. Holders of 2020 LTIP RSUs were subject to substantially similar terms to the holders of phantom unit awards issued under the 2018 LTIP (the “2018 LTIP Phantom Units”), including requisite service period and vesting conditions. The conversion of the 2018 LTIP Phantom Units was accounted for as a modification under ASC 718. The 2020 LTIP RSUs are equity-classified due to settlement being in shares.
As a result of the Business Combination, the Company converted the Phantom Units under the 2018 LTIP into 2020 LTIP RSUs, which settled into 1,479,445 shares of Class A Common Stock. The fair value of the Phantom Units being replaced was approximately $11.2 million at the Closing, which was attributable to the pre-combination service period and was included in the purchase price of the Business Combination. The fair value of the 2020 LTIP RSUs at the Closing of the Business Combination in excess of the fair value of the replaced Phantom Units attributable to the pre-combination period was approximately $13.9 million and is attributable to the post-combination requisite service period. All 2020 LTIP RSUs settled January 3, 2022.
2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company adopted, with stockholder approval, the Utz Brands, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2020 Plan”), which provides our executive officers and other participating associates with equity-based, long-term incentives, including RSUs, PSUs and Stock Options.
Restricted Share Units
Under the 2020 Plan, the Company grants RSUs representing the right to receive one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock upon vesting, provided that the recipient remains employed with the Company through the vesting and subject to certain forfeiture conditions and restrictions. The RSUs vest according to specific vesting conditions set forth in the RSU award agreements. RSUs that become vested also generally entitle the holder to be credited with dividend equivalent payments in cash, with such dividend equivalents payable when, and to the extent, the RSUs are settled (or such accrued dividend equivalents will be forfeited to the extent the RSUs are forfeited).
Performance Share Units
The Company issues PSUs under the 2020 Plan, which provide the participant with the opportunity to earn shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock if the Company achieves certain performance goals determined by the administrator of the 2020 Plan. All PSUs granted since the adoption of the 2020 Plan contain vesting based on the Company’s performance with respect to relative total stockholder return. The number of shares subject to the PSUs that vest and are settled at the end of each performance period is based on the Company’s cumulative total stockholder return relative to the total stockholder returns of members of a peer group, which is typically consistent with the peer group used for compensation disclosures.
At the end of the performance period, the Company’s total stockholder return position is ranked relative to the total stockholder returns of each member of the performance peer group that remains within the performance peer group for the entire performance period. The total number of PSUs that vest is based on the ranking of the Company’s total stockholder return relative to the total stockholder return of each of the Company’s peer companies, and ranges from a 200% payout for ranking in the 90th percentile or above to 0% payout for ranking below the 30th percentile with percentiles interpolated between these payouts.
PSUs that become vested also generally entitle the holder to be credited with dividend equivalent payments in cash, with such dividend equivalents payable when, and to the extent, the PSUs are settled (or such accrued dividend equivalents will be forfeited to the extent the PSUs are forfeited).
Because the PSUs vest based on market conditions, Monte Carlo simulation models were used to determine the grant-date fair value of the PSUs. The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation models included weighted average expected terms ranging from 2.8 years to 3.0 years, weighted average expected volatility ranging from 40.0% to 53.6%, and weighted average risk-free rates ranging from 0.2% to 3.9%.
PSUs and RSUs Number of Units Weighted-average grant date fair value for equity awards (per unit) Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding at beginning of fiscal year 2023 1,288,342 $ 18.27 1.8 Years
Granted 746,200 17.44
Vested (477,577) 17.66
Forfeited (95,199) 17.50
Outstanding at end of fiscal year 2023 1,461,766 $ 18.28 1.5 Years
Stock Options
The Company granted its Executive Leadership Team non-qualified stock options exercisable for Class A Common Stock of the Company, provided that the exercise of such stock options was contingent upon the Company filing a registration statement on Form S-8 with the SEC, which occurred on November 2, 2020. For non-cash, stock-based awards exchanged for employee services, the Company measures stock-based compensation on the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognizes expense over the requisite service period, which for the Company is generally the vesting period. To estimate the fair value of an award, the Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model. This model requires inputs such as expected term, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. For all grants during fiscal year 2022, the Company calculated the expected term based on the simplified method as allowable under ASC 718 due to a lack of sufficient trading history for the Company’s Class A Common Stock. The use of this method effectively assumes that exercise occurs evenly over the period from vesting until expiration, and therefore the expected term is the midpoint between the service period and the contractual term of the award. The Company estimates the volatility of its Class A Common Stock by analyzing its historical volatility and considering volatility data of its peer group and their implied volatility. The Company recognizes forfeitures when they occur.
Options issued under the 2020 Plan generally have a maximum contractual life of 10 years from the grant date and must be issued with an exercise price equal to or greater than the fair market value of the shares of Class A Common Stock on the date of grant, as determined by the administrator of the 2020 Plan. Options issued under the 2020 Plan are subject to time-based vesting, continued employment, and other conditions outlined in the 2020 Plan with the fair value determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.
On January 31, 2022, the Company granted its Executive Leadership Team stock options exercisable for Class A Common Stock of the Company pursuant to the terms set forth above, and 100% of these options will vest and become exercisable on December 31, 2024. The Company granted stock options with an aggregate of 377,550 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying such options, on January 31, 2022 and the exercise price of these options is the Company’s closing share price of $15.51 on January 31, 2022. The fair value of each stock option granted was determined to be $6.06 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model based on an expected volatility of 40.0%, expected option term of approximately 6.4 years, and risk-free rate of return of 1.4%. The risk-free rates are based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term. In May 2022, an additional 16,923 stock option awards were granted.
Stock Options Number of Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value for Equity Awards (per unit) Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1)
Outstanding at beginning of fiscal year 2023 522,203 $ 5.60 1.8 Years
Granted - -
Vested (127,730) -
Forfeited - -
Outstanding and exercisable at end of fiscal year 2023 394,473 $ 6.01 1.0 Year 0.00
(1) The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table represents the total pre-tax amount that a participant would receive if the option had been exercised on the last day of the respective fiscal period. Options with a market value less than its exercise value are not included in the intrinsic value amount.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On December 10, 2020, the Board of Directors approved the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP”), subject to stockholder approval. The ESPP was effective January 1, 2021, and any purchase rights that were granted under the ESPP prior to stockholder approval could not be exercised unless and until stockholder approval was obtained.
Under the ESPP, associates are offered the option to purchase discounted shares of Class A Common Stock during offering periods designated by the administrator. Each offering period will be one year, consisting of two six-month purchase periods, commencing on each January 1 and July 1 following the effective date of the ESPP. Shares are purchased on the applicable exercise dates, which is the last trading day of each purchase period. The ESPP permits participants to purchase the Company’s Class A Common Stock at a purchase price of not less than 85% of the lesser of (i) the “fair market value” of a share on the first day of a purchase period, rounded up to the nearest whole cent per share and (ii) the “fair market value” of a share on the purchase date of such purchase period, rounded up to the nearest whole cent per share, subject to limits set by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the ESPP. The purchase price used was 90% in 2021, 92.5% in 2022 and 95% in 2023.
The maximum number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock available for sale under the ESPP shall not exceed in the aggregate 1,500,000 shares, and may be unissued shares or treasury shares or shares bought on the market for purposes of the ESPP. As of December 31, 2023, 1,133,522 shares of Class A common stock remain available for issuance under the ESPP. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Company granted 99,788 shares with a fair value of $1.5 million, and the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.3 million. For the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, the Company granted 138,096 shares with a fair value of $2.0 million, and the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.4 million. For the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022, the Company granted 128,642 shares with a fair value of $2.7 million, and the Company recognized compensation expense of $0.5 million.
12.CONTINGENCIES
Litigation Matters
The Company is involved in litigation and other matters incidental to the conduct of its business, the results of which, in the opinion of management, are not likely to be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Tax Matters
The Company received an assessment from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania pursuant to a sales and use tax audit for the period from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2016. As of January 2, 2022, the Company had a reserve of $1.3 million to cover the assessment. On January 7, 2022, the Company settled the audit with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for $0.9 million.
Guarantees
The Company partially guarantees loans made to IOs by Cadence Bank for the purchase of routes. The outstanding balance of loans guaranteed was $0.7 million and $1.5 million at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, all of which was recorded by the Company as off balance sheet arrangements. The maximum amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under the guarantees equates to 25% of the outstanding loan balance up to $2.0 million. These loans are collateralized by the routes for which the loans are made. Accordingly, the Company has the ability to recover substantially all of the outstanding loan value upon default.
The Company partially guarantees loans made to IOs by Bank of America for the purchase of routes. The outstanding balance of loans guaranteed that were issued by Bank of America was $52.8 million and $36.0 million at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, which are accounted for as an off balance sheet arrangement. As discussed in "Note 8. Long-Term Debt”, the Company also sold notes receivable on its books to Bank of America during fiscal year 2021, fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2023, which the Company partially guarantees. The outstanding balance of notes purchased by Bank of America at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 was $14.8 million and $17.9 million, respectively. Due to the structure of the transactions, the sale did not qualify for sale accounting treatment, and as such the Company records the notes payable obligation owed by the IOs to the financial institution on its Consolidated Balance Sheets; the corresponding note receivable also remained on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The maximum amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these guarantees equates to 25% of the outstanding loan balance on the first day of each calendar year plus 25% of the amount of any new loans issued during such calendar year. These loans are collateralized by the routes for which the loans are made. Accordingly, the Company has the ability to recover substantially all of the outstanding loan value upon default.
The Company guarantees loans made to IOs by M&T Bank for the purchase of routes. The agreement with M&T Bank was amended in January 2020 so that the Company guaranteed up to 25% of the greater of the aggregate principal amount of loans outstanding on the payment date or January 1st of the subject year. The outstanding balance of loans guaranteed was $2.2 million and $3.4 million at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, all of which were included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. These loans are collateralized by the routes for which the loans are made. Accordingly, the Company has the ability to recover substantially all of the outstanding loan value upon default.
Unclaimed Property
The Company was notified in September 2016 that several states requested an audit of the Company’s unclaimed property practices. The states initiating the audit include Connecticut, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, South Dakota, and Tennessee but was later expanded to include a total of 22 states. The audit is limited to UQF and does not include any other legal entities. The audit consists of three components including accounts payable, payroll, and accounts receivable customer over-payments. As of early fiscal year 2023, the Company settled the audit with the various jurisdictions for $0.1 million.
13.ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Total accumulated other comprehensive income was $37.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and $51.0 million as of January 1, 2023. Total accumulated other comprehensive income consists solely of unrealized gains (losses) from the Company’s derivative financial instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges.
Changes to the balance in accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows:
(in thousands) Gains (Losses) on
Cash Flow Hedges
Balance as of January 3, 2021 $ 924
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges 2,791
Balance as of January 2, 2022 3,715
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges 47,279
Balance as of January 1, 2023 50,994
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges (13,543)
Balance as of December 31, 2023 37,451
Less balance attributable to noncontrolling interest as of December 31, 2023 (14,493)
Balance attributable to controlling interest as of December 31, 2023 $ 22,958
14.SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION
(in thousands) For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Cash paid for interest $ 46,905 $ 41,711 $ 31,638
Refunds related to income taxes $ 1,686 $ 4,663 $ 726
Payments for income taxes $ 8,820 $ 6,988 $ 3,653
15.INCOME TAXES
The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes with respect to our allocable share of any taxable income or loss of UBH, as well as any standalone income or loss the Company generates. UBH is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and for most applicable state and local income tax purposes, and generally does not pay income taxes in most jurisdictions. Instead, UBH taxable income or loss is passed through to its members, including the Company. Despite its partnership treatment, UBH is liable for income taxes in those states not recognizing its pass-through status and for certain of its subsidiaries not taxed as pass-through entities. The Company has acquired various domestic entities taxed as corporations, which are now wholly-owned by us or our subsidiaries. Where required or allowed, these subsidiaries also file and pay tax as a consolidated group for federal and state income tax purposes. The Company anticipates this structure to remain in existence for the foreseeable future.
The provision (benefit) for income taxes was as follows:
(in thousands)
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Current:
Federal $ 7,816 $ 4,038 $ 1,553
State 1,879 1,403 2,010
Total current 9,695 5,441 3,563
Deferred:
Federal (7,591) (20,986) (1,949)
State (1,347) (8,374) 6,472
Total deferred (8,938) (29,360) 4,523
Total $ 757 $ (23,919) $ 8,086
A reconciliation of the expected statutory federal tax and the total income tax (benefit) expense was as follows:
(in thousands) For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Federal statutory rate (21%) $ (8,248) $ (7,972) $ 3,378
State income taxes, net of federal benefit (528) (2,435) 6,440
Investment in UBH 177 31 (31)
Noncontrolling interest in UBH 2,610 2,792 2,448
Valuation allowance 5,878 (17,177) 5,195
Remeasurement of warrant liability (469) (151) (7,702)
Return to provision 2 (79) (771)
Permanent book to tax differences - - (593)
Credits (41) (201) (239)
IRC §162(m) 1,401 875 191
Nondeductible expenses 88 12 12
Other (113) 386 (242)
$ 757 $ (23,919) $ 8,086
The tax effect of temporary differences that gave rise to significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023:
(in thousands)
As of December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
Deferred Tax Assets:
Accrued expenses $ 427 $ 390
Pension, retirement and other benefits 419 449
Inventories, including uniform capitalization 145 320
Investment in UBH, operations 20,943 25,237
Acquisition costs 592 708
Net operating losses 23,596 22,291
IRC §163(j) 12,753 7,480
Credits 713 422
Charitable contributions 149 98
Other deferred tax assets 172 215
Total gross deferred tax assets 59,909 57,610
Valuation allowance (36,947) (27,339)
Net deferred tax assets 22,962 30,271
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Plant and equipment, accelerated depreciation (6,957) (13,984)
Intangibles (66,556) (71,883)
Investment in UBH, nonreversing (63,900) (68,957)
Other deferred tax liabilities (239) (249)
Total deferred tax liabilities (137,652) (155,073)
Net deferred tax liabilities $ (114,690) $ (124,802)
The U.S. federal government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act) on March 27, 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 on December 27, 2020, and the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 on August 16, 2022, none of which had a material impact on our provision for income taxes.
Net Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward
As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company and certain subsidiaries had federal net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards of $102.2 million and $93.6 million, respectively. Of these, $30.7 million will expire, if not utilized, by 2037.
As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company and certain subsidiaries also had state NOL carryforwards in the amount of $48.1 million and $45.9 million, respectively. The state NOL carryforwards continue to expire in 2023, however, some state NOL's are able to be carried forward indefinitely.
As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Company and certain subsidiaries had federal tax credit carryforwards in the amount of $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, certain subsidiaries had nominal state tax credit carryforwards.
Utilization of some of the federal and state net operating loss and credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to the "change in ownership” provisions of the Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitations may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization.
Valuation Allowance
The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $36.9 million and $27.3 million at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, the Company assessed the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether future taxable income would be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets ("DTA's”). As of December 31, 2023, a significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the three-year cumulative loss before taxes. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as projections for future growth. The Company determined that there is uncertainty regarding the utilization of certain DTA's such as some of the investment in UBH, federal operating losses subject to annual limitations due to "change in ownership” provisions, and state net operating losses where the Company does not expect to continue to have nexus. Therefore, a valuation allowance has been recorded against the DTA's for which it is more-likely-than-not they will not be realized. The Company has DTA’s related to its investment in the partnership that are expected to be realized in the ordinary course of operations or generate future net operating losses for which a portion will have an indefinite carryforward period. Additionally, the Company has deferred tax liabilities ("DTL’s”) related to its investment in the partnership that will not reverse in the ordinary course of business and will only reverse when the partnership is sold or liquidated. The Company has no intention of disposing of or liquidating the partnership and therefore has not considered the indefinite lived DTL as a source of income to offset other DTA’s. In weighing positive and negative evidence, both objective and subjective, including its three-year cumulative loss and the ability to offset DTA’s with definite lived DTL’s, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against its DTA’s related to net operating losses and deductible book/tax differences and recorded a DTL primarily related to the book over tax basis in the investment in the partnership that will not reverse in the ordinary course of operations. The Company considered that an indefinite lived DTL may be considered as a source of taxable income for an indefinite lived DTA; however, given our indefinite lived DTL will only reverse upon sale or liquidation, the Company determined that it was more appropriate to record a valuation allowance against a portion of its DTA’s. The amount of DTA considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as projections for growth.
The net change in valuation allowance of $9.6 million was recorded as an increase to income tax expense for $6.4 million and an adjustment to equity for $3.2 million.
As of December 31, 2023, tax years 2020 through 2023 remain open and subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the majority of the states where the Company has nexus, and tax years 2019 through 2023 remain open and subject to examination in selected states that have a four year statute of limitations.
Upon audit, tax authorities may challenge all or part of a tax position. A tax position successfully challenged by a taxing authority could result in an adjustment to our provision for income taxes in the period in which a final determination is made. The Company did not maintain any unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023.
Tax receivable agreement liability
Pursuant to an election under section 754 of the Code, the Company obtained an increase in its share of the tax basis in the net assets of UBH when it was deemed to purchase UBH units from a third party then holding common and preferred interests of the Continuing Members and purchased UBH units from the Continuing Members per the Business Combination Agreement. The Continuing Members have the option to exchange UBH units along with the forfeiture of a corresponding number of Class V Common Stock of the Company for UBI common stock post-Business Combination. The Company intends to treat any such exchanges as direct purchases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which is expected to further increase its share of the tax basis in the net assets of UBH. The increases in tax basis may reduce the amounts the Company would otherwise pay in the future to various tax authorities. They may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, the Company entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement in connection with the Business Combination (the “Tax Receivable Agreement” or “TRA”), which provides for the payment by the Company of 85% of the amount of any tax benefits realized as a result of (i) increases in the share of the tax basis in the net assets of UBH resulting from the Business Combination and any future exchanges by the Continuing Members of UBH units for UBI common stock; (ii) tax basis increases attributable to payments made under the TRA; and (iii) tax amortization deductions attributable to the acquisition of Kennedy and the election to treat the transaction as an asset deal for tax purposes (the "TRA Payments"). The rights of each party under the TRA other than the Company are assignable, subject to certain restrictions. The timing and amount of aggregate payments due under the TRA may vary based on a number of factors, including the timing and amount of taxable income generated by the Company each year, as well as the tax rate then applicable, among other factors.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a TRA liability of $24.3 million, but it has a total liability of $38.5 million related to its projected obligations under the TRA. The total TRA liability includes $24.3 million that relates to payments that originated with the Business Combination and the acquisition of Kennedy and $14.2 million that relates to equity transactions that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2020 and third quarter of 2021. The Company recorded a partial valuation allowance on its DTA, that fully covers the tax basis that originated with the equity transactions that occured during the fourth quarter of 2020 and third quarter of 2021 as they are not more likely than not to be realized based on the positive and negative evidence that the Company considered. The Company has not recorded the $14.2 million of TRA liability that relates to the equity transactions that occured during the fourth quarter of 2020 and third quarter of 2021 as the liability is not probable under ASC 450 since the related DTA is not more likely than not to be realized as evidenced by the valuation allowance. The Company will continue to monitor positive and negative evidence to analyze its valuation allowance and it believes that sufficient positive evidence may arise to permit the release of a significant portion of its valuation allowance. If that were to occur, it would result in the need to record $14.2 million of additional TRA liability for the equity transactions that occured during the fourth quarter of 2020 and third quarter of 2021, which would result in a non-cash charge to pretax results.
16.LEASES
We determine if a contractual arrangement is a lease at inception. Our lease arrangements provide the Company the right to utilize certain specified tangible assets for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Our leases primarily relate to building space, vehicles, and equipment. Our leases generally have remaining terms ranging from one month to twelve years.
We separate lease components from vehicles leases and do not separate non-lease components from our building leases for the purposes of measuring our lease liabilities and assets. Our leases consist of operating leases which are presented within current accrued expenses and other, non-current accrued expenses and other, and finance leases are presented within current portion of other notes payable, and non-current portion of other notes payable on our consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or lease are not recorded on the balance sheet.
We recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term discounted using our incremental borrowing rate. As many of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.
We recognize operating lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease within operating expenses. Expenses associated with our finance leases consists of two components, including interest on our outstanding finance lease obligations and amortization of the related right-of-use assets. The interest component is recorded in interest expense and depreciation of the finance lease asset is recognized over a straight-line basis over the term of the lease within cost of goods sold, selling expenses, and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Our leases do not contain material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Some of our leases include optional renewal periods or termination provisions which we assess at inception to determine the term of the lease, subject to reassessment in certain circumstances.
The following table presents lease expense we have recorded on our consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022:
(in thousands)
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance ROU asset $ 2,973 $ 2,585 $ 2,553
Interest of finance ROU asset 550 318 254
Total finance lease expense 3,523 2,903 2,807
Operating lease expense (1)
22,437 16,679 9,118
Total lease expense $ 25,960 $ 19,582 $ 11,925
(1) Included variable and short-term lease expense of $4.6 million and $5.3 million, respectively, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $3.2 million and $3.8 million, respectively, for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023 and $2.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively, for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022.
Finance leases, net, are included in Property, Plant and Equipment, net as follows:
(in thousands)
As of
December 31, 2023 As of
January 1, 2023
Leases $ 17,956 $ 16,340
Less: accumulated depreciation 8,007 5,571
Leases, net $ 9,949 $ 10,769
Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:
(in thousands)
Operating Leases Finance Leases Total
2024 $ 17,630 $ 3,314 $ 20,944
2025 15,500 2,761 18,261
2026 12,940 2,465 15,405
2027 9,061 1,937 10,998
2028 5,008 752 5,760
2029 and thereafter
5,690 167 5,857
Total undiscounted obligations
65,829 11,396 77,225
Less imputed interest (6,909) (1,251) (8,160)
Present value of lease obligations
$ 58,920 $ 10,145 $ 69,065
The following table summarizes supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023:
As of December 31, 2023 As of January 1, 2023
(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate) Operating Leases Finance Leases Operating Leases Finance Leases
ROU asset, non-current(1)
$ 56,705 $ 9,949 $ 46,075 $ 10,769
Lease liability, current $ 14,992 $ 2,808 $ 12,389 $ 2,839
Lease liability, non-current 43,928 7,337 35,331 8,156
Total lease liabilities $ 58,920 $ 10,145 $ 47,720 $ 10,995
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) 4.4 3.9 4.8 4.4
Weighted average discount rate 4.04 % 5.80 % 3.22 % 4.43 %
(1) Finance ROU assets are reflected within property, plant, and equipment, net on our consolidated balance sheets and operating leases ROU assets are reflected within other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents other information related to leases for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022 (in thousands):
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 16,717 $ 12,531 $ 8,755
Operating cash flows from finance leases $ 550 $ 318 $ 254
Financing cash flows from finance leases $ 2,973 $ 2,585 $ 2,741
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Operating leases
$ 26,315 $ 24,958 $ 11,412
Finance leases
$ 2,761 $ 6,379 $ 2,157
17.WARRANTS
As a result of the Business Combination, the Company assumed 7,200,000 Private Placement Warrants that were initially issued to the Sponsor simultaneously with the closing of its initially public offering that are exercisable for shares of UBI Class A Common Stock. The Private Placement Warrants have a term of five years and expire in August 2025. As of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, there were 7,200,000 Private Placement Warrants outstanding.
The Private Placement Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and are non-redeemable by the Company so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders as set forth in the warrant agreement with respect to such warrants.
The Warrants are accounted for as derivative liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity ("ASC 815-40”), due to certain settlement provisions in the corresponding warrant agreement that do not meet the criteria to be classified in stockholders’ equity. Pursuant to ASC 815-40, the Warrants are classified as a liability at fair value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the change in the fair value of such liability in each period is recognized as a non-cash gain or loss in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (loss). The Warrants are deemed equity instruments for income tax purposes, and accordingly, there is no tax accounting relating to changes in the fair value of the Warrants recognized.
The remeasurement of the warrant liability resulted in a gain of $2.2 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and $0.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and $36.7 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022. Such gains are not attributable to the noncontrolling interest.
18.EQUITY
Class A Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 81,187,977 and 80,882,334 shares of UBI were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.
Class V Common Stock
The Company is also authorized to issue 61,249,000 shares of Class V Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 all of which were issued to the Continuing Members in connection with the closing of the Business Combination. Each of the Continuing Members' common limited liability company units of UBH along with a share of Class V Common Stock may be exchanged for one share of Class A Common Stock of the Company upon certain restrictions being satisfied. As of both December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 there was 59,349,000 shares of Class V Common Stock outstanding. On September 21, 2021, the Continuing Members exchanged 1,000,000 Common Company Units together with the surrender and cancellation of the same number of Class V Common Stock for an equal number of shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company did not receive any proceeds as a result of this exchange.
19.EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding and the effect of all dilutive common stock equivalents and potentially dilutive share-based awards outstanding. There is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company's net loss position. The potentially dilutive securities that would be anti-dilutive due to the Company's net loss are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to controlling interest. The anti-dilutive securities are included in the table below. Refer to Note 11. "Share-Based Compensation" for further information on the share-based awards considered in the diluted EPS computation.
The following tables reconcile the numerators and denominators used in the computations of both basic and diluted earnings per
share:
(in thousands, except share data) For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest $ (24,937) $ (392) $ 20,555
Denominator:
Weighted average Class A Common Stock shares, basic 81,081,458 80,093,094 76,677,981
Dilutive securities included in diluted earnings per share calculation
Warrants - - 3,316,122
RSUs - - 1,055,003
PSUs - - 32,256
Stock options - - 8,867
Total dilutive weighted average shares 81,081,458 80,093,094 81,090,229
Basic earnings per share $ (0.31) $ - $ 0.26
Diluted earnings per share $ (0.31) $ - $ 0.25
Weighted average Class V Common Stock not subject to earnings per share calculation 59,349,000 59,349,000 60,063,286
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest $ 15,095 $ 13,649 12,557
The diluted earnings per share computation excludes the effect of certain RSUs and Options granted to directors and management which convert into, or are exercisable for, shares of Class A Common Stock upon vesting as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share calculation:
(in thousands)
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 For the Fiscal Year Ended January 2, 2022
Warrants 1,882,627 1,888,256 -
RSUs 271,330 83,261 -
PSUs 125,958 62,408 -
Shares of the Company’s Class V Common Stock do not participate in earnings or losses of the Company and, therefore, are not participating securities. The PSUs, RSUs granted to our directors and certain employees in fiscal year 2020, and 2020 LTIP RSUs were not considered participating securities despite the holders of these stock-based compensation awards being entitled to participate in dividends declared on Class A Common Stock, if and when declared, on a one-to-one per-share basis, because the dividends are only payable upon full vesting of the awards, and as such, the dividend is forfeitable. At both December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, the Continuing Members held all 59,349,000 shares of Class V Common Stock issued and outstanding and also held an equal number of common limited liability company units of UBH, which comprise the noncontrolling interest. The net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest was $15.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, $13.6 million for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2023, and net loss attributable to non-controlling interest of $12.6 million for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022, respectively.
20.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On February 5, 2024, the Company sold certain assets and brands to affiliates of Our Home™, an operating company of Better-for-You brands (“Our Home”). Under the agreement, affiliates of Our Home agreed to purchase the Good Health® and R.W. Garcia® brands, the Lincolnton, NC, and Lititz, PA manufacturing facilities and certain related assets, and assume the Company’s Las Vegas, NV facility lease and manufacturing operations.
In addition, the Company and Our Home will operate under a Transition Services Agreement for 12 months. The total consideration for the transactions is $182.5 million, subject to customary adjustments. In addition, post-closing, the parties will operate under reciprocal co-manufacturing agreements under which Our Home will co-manufacture certain of the Company's products and the Company will co-manufacture certain Good Health® products. Certain Good Health® products will continue to be distributed and sold on the Company's DSD network for Our Home. At this time, the Company cannot estimate the impact of this transaction on its consolidated financial statements.

---

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15e) of the Exchange Act, that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that information relating to the Company is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our current disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a level of reasonable assurance.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) by the Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included herein.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no other change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during its most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

---

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a ‘Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement’ or ‘non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,’ as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K

---

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item with respect to our executive officers and directors is provided below. Other information required by this item will be set forth in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (our “2024 Proxy Statement”) under the captions “Executive Officers of Utz Brands, Inc.” “Corporate Governance” and "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is incorporated herein by reference to our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information regarding executive officers of the Company required by Item 401 of SEC Regulation S-K will be located in our 2024 Proxy Statement in the section entitled “Executive Officers of Utz Brands, Inc.” which information is incorporated herein by reference
The information required by Item 401 of SEC Regulation S-K concerning the directors and nominees for director of the Company, together with a discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that led the Board to conclude that the director or nominee should serve as a director at this time, will be located in our 2024 Proxy Statement in the section entitled “Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding the identification of the Audit Committee as a separately-designated standing committee of the Board and information regarding the status of one or more members of the Audit Committee as an “audit committee financial expert” will be located in our 2024 Proxy Statement in the section entitled "Committees and Meetings of the Board - Board Committees,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding our Business Code of Conduct and Ethics applicable to our directors, officers and associates will be located in our 2024 Proxy Statement in the Section entitled “Corporate Governance-Corporate Governance Policies-Code of Ethics,”) which information is incorporated herein by reference.

---

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information concerning executive compensation will be located in our 2024 Proxy Statement in the section entitled, “Executive and Director Compensation,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.

---

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information concerning ownership of our voting securities by certain beneficial owners, individual nominees for director, the named executive officers, including persons serving as our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and directors and executive officers as a group, will be located in our 2024 Proxy Statement in the section entitled "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding all of the Company’s equity compensation plans will be located in our 2024 Proxy Statement in the section entitled “Executive and Director Compensation - Equity Compensation Plan Information,” which information is incorporated herein by reference to our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information required by this Item 13 will be included under the heading "Related Party Transactions - Transactions with Related Persons” and "Corporate Governance - Director Independence" in our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Information required by this Item 14 will be included under the heading "Audit, Audit-Related, Tax and All Other Fees” in our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This information is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Part IV

---

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents filed as part of the report
1.Financial Statements
The following Consolidated Financial Statements of Utz Brands, Inc. and the Reports of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Index to the Financial Statements Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Grant Thornton LLP, Philadelphia, PA, PCAOB ID Number 248)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (Grant Thornton LLP, Philadelphia, PA, PCAOB ID Number 248)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations And Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023, and January 2, 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted as the information is not required under the related instruction or is not applicable or because the information required is already included in the financial statements or the notes to those financial statements.
3. Exhibits
The exhibits to this report are listed in the exhibit index below.
(b) Exhibits
The following exhibits are being filed herewith:
Exhibit
Number Exhibit Description
2.1†
Business Combination Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2020, by and among Collier Creek Holdings, Series U of UM Partners, LLC, Series R of UM Partners, LLC and Utz Brands Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of Collier Creek’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on June 5, 2020.
3.1
Certificate of Domestication of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 28, 2020 (File No: 001-38686), filed with the Commission September 3, 2020).
3.2
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 28, 2020 (File No: 001-38686), filed with the Commission September 3, 2020).
3.3
Bylaws of the Company, as Amended and Restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Utz Brands, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on May 11, 2023).
4.1
Specimen Warrant Certificate of Collier Creek (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Collier Creek’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-227295), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2018.
4.2
Warrant Agreement, dated October 4, 2018, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and Collier Creek (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Collier Creek’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on October 10, 2018).
4.3
Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated February 22, 2022 by and among the Company, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, and Equinity Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Utz Brands, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on March 3, 2022.
4.4*
Description of Securities
4.5
Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated April 28, 2022, by and among Utz Brands, Inc. and the purchasers of the shares party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Utz Brand, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on April 28, 2022.
10.1
Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Utz Brands Holdings, LLC, dated as of August 28, 2020, by and among Utz Brands Holdings, LLC, Utz Brands, Inc., Series U of UM Partners, LLC, Series R of UM Partners, LLC and each other person who is or at any time becomes a member of Utz Brands Holdings, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.2†
Tax Receivable Agreement, dated August 28, 2020, by and among Utz Brands, Inc., Utz Brands Holdings, LLC, Series U of UM Partners, LLC, Series R of UM Partners, LLC and the TRA Party Representative, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.3
Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2020, by and among Utz Brands, Inc., Series U of UM Partners, LLC, Series R of UM Partners, LLC, the Sponsor Parties and the Sponsor Representative, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.4
Amendment to Investor Rights Agreement dated October 21, 2021.
10.5
Standstill Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2020, by and among Utz Brands, Inc., Series U of UM Partners, LLC, Series R of UM Partners, LLC, Collier Creek Partners LLC, certain founder holders and certain beneficial owners and related parties of Series U of UM Partners, LLC and Series R of UM Partners, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.6†
Amendment No. 4, dated September 22, 2022, to the First Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2017 (as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2020, that certain Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated as of January 20, 2021, that certain Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 22, 2021) among Utz Quality Foods, LLC, Utz Brands Holdings, LLC, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent and each lender from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on November 10, 2022).
10.7†
Eighth Amendment to ABL Facility, dated July 20, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686) dated July 20, 2023 and filed with the Commission on July 21, 2023).
10.8+
Offer Letter dated August 28, 2020 by and between the Company and Dylan Lissette (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.9+
Offer Letter, dated June 27, 2017, entered into by and between Utz Quality Foods, LLC and Ajay Kataria (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Collier Creek’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-239151), filed with the Commission on August 3, 2020).
10.10+
Utz Brands, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, and the forms of award agreements thereunder.
10.11+
Utz Brands, Inc. Executive Severance Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.12+
Utz Brands, Inc. Change in Control Severance Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.13+
Utz Quality Foods, Inc. Non-qualified deferred Compensation Plan, adopted April 15, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020).
10.14
Bridge Credit Agreement, entered into as of December 14, 2020, among Utz Quality Foods, LLC, Utz Brands Holdings, LLC, Bank of America, N.A., and each lender from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686) dated December 14, 2020 filed with the Commission on December 14, 2020.
10.15
Bridge Security Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2020, among Utz Quality Foods, LLC, Utz Brands Holdings, LLC, the other guarantors party thereto and Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686) dated December 14, 2020 filed with the Commission on December 14, 2020.
10.16+
Offer Letter, dated April 11, 2017, entered into by and between Utz Quality Foods, LLC and Mark Schreiber (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Utz Brands, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on March 18, 2021.
10.17+
Loan Agreement dated as of October 12, 2022 by and among Utz Quality Foods, LLC, Kennedy Endeavors, LLC, Condor Snack Foods, LLC, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and City National Bank, a national banking association, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on October 12, 2022).
10.18+
Offer Letter dated September 30, 2022, issued by Utz Brands, Inc. to Howard A. Friedman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2022 (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on October 3, 2022).
10.19+
Amendment No. 1 to Howard Friedman Offer Letter, dated November 8, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Utz Brands, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on November 9, 2023).
10.20+
Offer Letter dated May 10, 2021 by and between the Company and Theresa R. Shea (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Utz Brands, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-38686), filed with the Commission on March 3, 2022.
Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to Utz Brands, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38686) dated August 28, 2020 and filed with the Commission on September 3, 2020)
19*
Utz Brands, Inc. Insider Trading Policy
21.1*
List of Subsidiaries
23.1*
Consent of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered accounting firm
31.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1**
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
97.1*
Utz Brands, Inc. Amended and Restated Clawback and Forfeiture Policy
101.INS* XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
+ Indicates a management or compensatory plan.
† Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Registration S-K. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted schedules to the SEC upon request.