EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1064728
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1064728_10-K_2023_0001064728-23-000013.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
Overview
Peabody is a leading producer of metallurgical and thermal coal. At December 31, 2022, the Company owned interests in 17 active coal mining operations located in the United States (U.S.) and Australia, including a 50% equity interest in Middlemount Coal Pty Ltd. (Middlemount). In addition to its mining operations, the Company markets and brokers coal from other coal producers, trades coal and freight-related contracts, and, during 2022, partnered in a joint venture with the intent of developing various sites, including certain reclaimed mining land held by the Company in the U.S., for utility-scale photovoltaic solar generation and battery storage.
Segment and Geographic Information
As of December 31, 2022, Peabody reports its results of operations primarily through the following reportable segments: Seaborne Thermal Mining, Seaborne Metallurgical Mining, Powder River Basin Mining, Other U.S. Thermal Mining and Corporate and Other. Refer to Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information regarding the Company’s segments. Note 22. “Segment and Geographic Information” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements is incorporated herein by reference and also contains segment and geographic financial information.
Mining Locations
The maps that follow display Peabody’s active mine locations as of December 31, 2022. Also shown are the primary ports that the Company uses for its coal exports and the Company’s corporate headquarters in St. Louis, Missouri.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
U.S. Locations
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Australian Locations
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The table below summarizes information regarding the operating characteristics of each of the Company’s mines in the U.S. and Australia. The mines are listed within their respective reporting segment in descending order, as determined by tons produced in 2022.
Production
Segment/Mining Complex Location Mine Type Mining Method Coal Type Primary Transport Method Processing
Plants Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Seaborne Thermal Mining (Tons in millions)
Wilpinjong New South Wales S D, T/S T R, EV Yes 12.1 13.2 14.2
Wambo Open-Cut (1)
New South Wales S T/S T, C R, EV Yes 2.0 2.4 4.0
Wambo Underground (2)
New South Wales U LW T, C R, EV Yes 1.1 1.4 1.5
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining
Coppabella (3)
Queensland S DL, D, T/S P R, EV Yes 2.4 2.1 2.2
Metropolitan (4)
New South Wales U LW C, P, T R, EV Yes 1.8 1.0 1.0
Moorvale (3)
Queensland S D, T/S C, P, T R, EV Yes 1.5 1.3 1.2
Shoal Creek (5)
Alabama U LW C B, EV Yes 0.8 0.1 0.6
Millennium (6)
Queensland S HW C, P R, EV No - - 0.1
Middlemount (7)
Queensland S D, T/S C, P R, EV Yes - - -
Powder River Basin Mining
North Antelope Rochelle Wyoming S DL, D, T/S T R No 60.4 62.8 66.1
Caballo Wyoming S D, T/S T R No 12.1 13.9 11.6
Rawhide Wyoming S D, T/S T R No 10.3 11.6 9.5
Other U.S. Thermal Mining
Bear Run Indiana S DL, D, T/S T Tr, R, EV Yes 6.7 6.0 5.2
El Segundo/Lee Ranch New Mexico S DL, D, T/S T R No 3.7 3.7 4.6
Gateway North Illinois U CM T Tr, R, R/B, T/B, EV Yes 2.4 1.8 1.8
Wild Boar Indiana S HW, DL, D, T/S T Tr, R, R/B, T/B Yes 2.3 2.4 2.0
Francisco Underground Indiana U CM T R Yes 1.8 1.5 1.6
Twentymile Colorado U LW T R, Tr, EV Yes 1.5 1.7 1.2
Somerville Central (6)
Indiana S DL, D, T/S T R, R/B, T/B, T/R No - - 0.4
Legend:
S Surface Mine B Barge
U Underground Mine Tr Truck
HW Highwall Miner R/B Rail to Barge
DL Dragline T/B Truck to Barge
D Dozer/Casting T/R Truck to Rail
T/S Truck and Shovel EV Export Vessel
LW Longwall T Thermal/Steam
CM Continuous Miner C Coking
R Rail P Pulverized Coal Injection
(1)In December 2020, the United Wambo Joint Venture, an unincorporated joint venture between Peabody and Glencore plc, began joint production. The tons shown reflect Peabody’s proportionate share throughout the years. The Company’s 50% joint venture interest is subject to an outside non-controlling ownership interest.
(2)Majority-owned mine in which there is an outside non-controlling ownership interest.
(3)Peabody owns a 73.3% undivided interest in an unincorporated joint venture that owns the Coppabella and Moorvale mines. The tons shown reflect its share.
(4)The mine was idled in the fourth quarter of 2020. The mine restarted production in the second quarter of 2021.
(5)The mine was idled in the fourth quarter of 2020. The mine restarted production in November 2021.
(6)The mine ceased production during 2020.
(7)Peabody owns a 50% equity interest in Middlemount, which owns the Middlemount Mine. Because Middlemount is accounted for as an unconsolidated equity affiliate, the table above excludes tons produced from that mine, which totaled 1.4 million, 2.0 million and 1.6 million tons, respectively (on a 50% basis).
Refer to the Reserves and Resources tables within Item 2. “Properties,” which is incorporated by reference herein, for additional information regarding coal reserves and resources, and product characteristics associated with each mine.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Coal Supply Agreements
Customers. Peabody’s coal supply agreements are primarily with electricity generators, industrial facilities and steel manufacturers. Most of the Company’s sales from its mining operations are made under long-term coal supply agreements (those with initial terms of one year or longer and which often include price reopener and/or extension provisions). A smaller portion of the Company’s sales from its mining operations are made under contracts with terms of less than one year, including sales made on a spot basis. Sales under long-term coal supply agreements comprised approximately 85%, 84% and 89% of the Company’s worldwide sales from its mining operations (by volume) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, Peabody derived 28% of its revenue from coal supply agreements from its five largest customers. Those five customers were supplied primarily from 16 coal supply agreements (excluding trading and brokerage transactions) expiring at various times from 2023 to 2025. Peabody’s largest customer in 2022 contributed revenue of approximately $358 million, or approximately 7% of Peabody’s total revenue from coal supply agreements, and has contracts expiring at various times from 2023 to 2024.
Backlog. Peabody’s sales backlog, which includes coal supply agreements subject to price reopener and/or extension provisions, was approximately 314 million and 283 million tons of coal as of January 1, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Contracts in backlog have remaining terms ranging from one to ten years and represent approximately three years of production based on the Company’s 2022 production volume of 122.9 million tons. Approximately 62% of its backlog is expected to be filled beyond 2023.
Seaborne Mining Operations. Revenue from Peabody’s Seaborne Thermal Mining and Seaborne Metallurgical Mining segments represented approximately 59%, 50% and 42% of the Company’s total revenue from coal supply agreements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, during which periods the coal mining activities of those segments contributed respective amounts of 18%, 18% and 19% of the Company’s sales volumes from mining operations. Production from these segments is primarily sold into the seaborne thermal and metallurgical markets, with a majority of those sales executed through annual and multi-year international coal supply agreements that contain provisions requiring both parties to renegotiate pricing periodically, with spot, index and quarterly sales arrangements also utilized. Industry commercial practice, and Peabody’s typical practice, is to negotiate pricing for seaborne thermal coal contracts on an annual, spot or index basis and seaborne metallurgical coal contracts on a quarterly, spot or index basis. For its seaborne mining operations, the portion of sales volume under contracts with a duration of less than one year represented 41% in 2022.
U.S. Thermal Mining Operations. Revenue from Peabody’s Powder River Basin Mining and Other U.S. Thermal Mining segments, in aggregate, represented approximately 41%, 50% and 58% of the Company’s revenue from coal supply agreements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, during which periods the coal mining activities of those segments contributed respective aggregate amounts of approximately 82%, 82% and 81% of the Company’s sales volumes from mining operations. The Company expects to continue selling a significant portion of coal production from its U.S. thermal operating segments under existing long-term supply agreements. Certain customers utilize long-term sales agreements in recognition of the importance of reliability, service and predictable coal prices to their operations. The terms of coal supply agreements result from competitive bidding and extensive negotiations with customers. Consequently, the terms of those agreements may vary significantly in many respects, including price adjustment features, price reopener terms, coal quality requirements, quantity parameters, permitted sources of supply, treatment of environmental constraints, extension options, force majeure and termination and assignment provisions. Peabody’s approach is to selectively renew, or enter into new, long-term supply agreements when it can do so at prices and terms and conditions it believes are favorable. Over the last few years, Peabody’s customers have shifted to long-term supply agreements with shorter durations, driven by the reduced utilization of plants and plant retirements, fluidity of natural gas pricing and the increased use of renewable energy sources.
Transportation
Methods of Distribution. Coal consumed in the U.S. is usually sold at the mine with transportation costs borne by the purchaser. Peabody’s U.S. mine sites are typically adjacent to a rail loop; however, in limited circumstances coal may be trucked to a barge site or directly to customers. Title predominately passes to the purchaser at the rail or barge, as applicable. Peabody’s U.S. and Australian export coal is usually sold at the loading port, with purchasers paying ocean freight. In each case, the Company usually pays transportation costs from the mine to the port, including any demurrage costs (fees paid to third-party shipping companies for loading time that exceeded the stipulated time).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company believes it has good relationships with U.S. and Australian rail carriers and port and barge companies due, in part, to its modern coal-loading facilities and the experience of its transportation coordinators. During the year ended December 31, 2022, rail service constraints due, in part, to labor shortages and weather conditions experienced by Peabody’s rail service providers, have negatively impacted U.S. thermal shipment volumes. Refer to the table in the foregoing “Mining Locations” section for a summary of transportation methods by mine.
Export Facilities. Peabody has generally secured its ability to transport coal in Australia through rail and port contracts and access to five east coast coal export terminals that are primarily funded through take-or-pay arrangements (refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information on its take-or-pay obligations). In Queensland, seaborne thermal and metallurgical coal from the Company’s mines is exported through the Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal, in addition to the Abbot Point Coal Terminal used by its joint venture Middlemount Mine. In New South Wales, the Company’s primary ports for exporting thermal and metallurgical coal are at Port Kembla and Newcastle, which includes both the Port Waratah Coal Services terminal and the terminal operated by Newcastle Coal Infrastructure Group. Peabody has secured its ability to transport coal from its Shoal Creek Mine under barge and port contracts; the primary port is the McDuffie Terminal in Mobile, Alabama, which the Company utilizes without a take-or-pay arrangement.
Peabody’s U.S. thermal mining operations exported less than 1% of their annual tons sold during both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. No tons were exported during the year ended December 31, 2020. The primary ports used for U.S. thermal exports are the United Bulk Terminal near New Orleans, Louisiana, the St. James Stevedoring Anchorages terminal in Convent, Louisiana and the Kinder Morgan terminal near Houston, Texas.
Suppliers
Mining Supplies and Equipment. The principal goods Peabody purchases in support of its mining activities are mining equipment and replacement parts, diesel fuel, ammonium-nitrate and emulsion-based explosives, off-the-road tires, steel-related products (including roof control materials), lubricants and electricity. Peabody has many well-established, strategic relationships with its key suppliers of goods and does not believe that it is overly dependent on any of its individual suppliers.
In situations where Peabody has elected to concentrate a large portion of its purchases with one supplier, it has been to take advantage of cost savings from larger volumes of purchases, benefit from long-term pricing for parts and ensure security of supply. Supplier concentration related to the Company’s mining equipment also allows it to benefit from fleet standardization, which in turn improves asset utilization by facilitating the development of common maintenance practices across its global platform, enhancing its flexibility to move equipment between mines and reduce working capital through inventory optimization.
Surface and underground mining equipment demand and lead times for parts and components have increased in recent periods. Peabody consistently uses its global leverage with major suppliers and comprehensive planning processes to ensure security of supply to meet the requirements of its active mines.
Services. Peabody also purchases services at its mine sites, including services related to maintenance for mining equipment, construction, temporary labor, use of explosives and various other requirements. Peabody does not believe that it has undue operational or financial risk associated with its dependence on any individual service providers.
Throughout 2022, inflationary pressures and supply chain constraints have contributed to rising costs for mining equipment, supplies and services. This trend may continue to impact future periods.
Competition
Demand for coal and the prices that the Company will be able to obtain for its coal are highly competitive and influenced by factors beyond the Company’s control, including but not limited to global economic conditions; the demand for electricity and steel; the cost of alternative sources; the impact of weather on heating and cooling demand; the capacity and cost of transportation; geopolitical risks; and taxes and environmental regulations imposed by the U.S. and foreign governments.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Thermal Coal. Demand for Peabody’s thermal coal products is impacted by economic conditions; demand for electricity, which is impacted by energy efficient products; and the cost of electricity generation from coal and alternative forms of generation. Regulatory policies and environmental, social and governance considerations can also have an impact on generation choices and coal consumption. The Company’s products compete with producers of other forms of electricity generation, including natural gas, oil, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar and biomass, that provide an alternative to coal use. The use and price of thermal coal is heavily influenced by the availability and relative cost of alternative fuel sources and the generation of electricity utilizing alternative fuels, with customers focused on securing the lowest cost fuel supply in order to coordinate the most efficient utilization of generating resources in the economic dispatch of the power grid at the most competitive price.
In the U.S., natural gas is highly competitive (along with other alternative fuel sources) with thermal coal for electricity generation. The competitiveness of natural gas has been strengthened by accelerated growth in domestic natural gas production and new natural gas combined cycle generation capacity. The Henry Hub Natural Gas Prompt Price averaged $6.54 per mmBtu in 2022, versus $3.72 and $2.13 per mmBtu in 2021 and 2020, respectively. In addition, the competitiveness of other alternative fuel sources for electricity generation has been strengthened by the growth of renewable energy generation. These pressures, coupled with increasing regulatory burdens, have contributed to a significant number of coal plant retirements. During 2022, approximately 12 gigawatts of U.S. coal power capacity was retired, and since 2010, U.S. coal power capacity has fallen by approximately thirty-six percent.
Internationally, thermal coal also competes with alternative forms of electricity generation. The competitiveness and availability of natural gas, liquefied natural gas, oil, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar and biomass varies by country and region. Seaborne thermal coal consumption is also impacted by the competitiveness of delivered seaborne thermal coal supply from key exporting countries such as Indonesia, Australia, Colombia, the U.S., Russia and South Africa, among others. In addition, seaborne thermal coal import demand can be significantly impacted by the availability of domestic coal production, particularly in the two leading coal import countries, China and India, among others. China’s unofficial ban on Australian coal in recent years continued until January 2023 and impeded traditional trade flows. Global thermal coal markets have been turbulent during 2022, due in part to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the subsequent ban of Russian coal by European countries.
In addition to its alternative fuel source competitors, Peabody’s principal U.S. direct coal supply competitors (listed alphabetically) are other large coal producers, including Alliance Resource Partners; American Consolidated Natural Resources, Inc.; Arch Resources, Inc.; CONSOL Energy; Eagle Specialty Materials LLC; Foresight Energy; Hallador Energy; Kiewit; and Navajo Transitional Energy Company LLC, among others. Major international direct coal supply competitors (listed alphabetically) include Adaro Energy; Anglo American plc; BHP; Bumi Resources; China Shenhua Energy; Coal India Limited; Drummond Company; Glencore; South32; SUEK; Whitehaven Coal Limited; and Yancoal Australia Ltd, among others.
Metallurgical Coal. Demand for Peabody’s metallurgical coal products is impacted by economic conditions; government policies; demand for steel; and competing technologies used to make steel, some of which do not use coal as a manufacturing input, such as electric arc furnaces. The Company competes on the basis of coal quality and characteristics, delivered energy cost (including transportation costs), customer service and support and reliability of supply.
Seaborne metallurgical coal import demand can be significantly impacted by the availability of domestic coal production, particularly in leading metallurgical coal import countries such as China, among others, and the competitiveness of seaborne metallurgical coal supply from leading metallurgical coal exporting countries of Australia, the U.S., Russia, Canada, Mongolia and Mozambique, among others. Trade flow disruptions have occurred during 2022 related to China’s unofficial ban on Australian coal and sanctions imposed on Russian coal imports.
Major international direct competitors (listed alphabetically) include Anglo American; Arch Resources, Inc.; BHP; Foxleigh; Glencore; Jellinbah; KRU; Stanmore; Teck Resources; Warrior Met Coal; Whitehaven Coal Limited; and Yancoal Australia Ltd, among others.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Cybersecurity Risk Management
Peabody uses digital technology to conduct its business operations and engage with its customers, vendors and partners. As the Company implements newer technologies such as cloud, analytics, automation and “internet of things,” the threats to its business operations from cyber intrusions, denial of service attacks, manipulation and other cyber misconduct affecting both the Company and its partners’ technologies increase. To address the risk, the Company continues to evolve its risk management approach in an effort to continually assess and improve its cybersecurity risk detection, deterrence and recovery capabilities, under oversight from Peabody’s Board of Directors. Peabody’s cybersecurity strategy emphasizes reduction of cyber risk exposure and continuous improvement of its cyber defense and resilience capabilities. These include: (i) proactive management of cyber risk to ensure compliance with contractual, legal and regulatory requirements, (ii) performing due diligence on third parties to ensure they have sound cybersecurity practices in place, (iii) ensuring essential business services remain available during a business disruption, (iv) implementing data policies and standards to protect sensitive company information and (v) exercising cyber incident response plans and risk mitigation strategies to address potential incidents should they occur.
Human Capital
Peabody had approximately 5,500 employees as of December 31, 2022, including approximately 4,300 hourly employees. Additional information on its employees and related labor relations matters is contained in Note 19. “Management - Labor Relations” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, which information is incorporated herein by reference. Peabody endeavors to engage with its organized workforce and foster strong relationships with those organizations built on trust and communication.
As of December 31, 2022, approximately 3,600 of Peabody’s employees are located in the U.S., with the remainder primarily located in Australia. About 94% of its team members work for mine operations in the U.S. and Australia, while the remaining are based out of its global headquarters in St. Louis or its business offices in Brisbane and Beijing.
Peabody strives to create a strong, united workforce with a commitment to safety as a way of life. In 2022, the Company achieved a global safety incidence rate of 1.13 incidents per 200,000 hours worked, which was 59% better than the 2022 U.S. industry average incidence rate of 2.77 incidents per 200,000 hours worked per the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).
Peabody strives to offer an inclusive work environment and engages, recognizes and develops employees. Peabody seeks a workforce that is comprised of diverse backgrounds, thoughts and experiences as a means to drive innovation and excellence within its business, and has formalized inclusion programs and training in policy and practice. Such diversity may also serve to mitigate risks to the business in the current tight labor market. The Company strives to attract and retain the best people, develop their potential and align their skills to important initiatives and activities. Peabody believes in fostering an inclusive work environment built on mutual trust, respect and engagement. Peabody invests in its employees through health and wellness programs, competitive total rewards and development opportunities. Peabody actively seeks employees' feedback, including through surveys and focus groups on its employee value proposition.
The typical Peabody employee has approximately seven years of experience with the company, and more than 47% of all Peabody employees remain employed with the company for more than five years. The Company offers a variety of learning events, including mentoring and development programs to aid its employees in their career growth. During the past five years, approximately 27% of open positions and 64% of director and above positions have been filled by internal candidates through promotions and lateral career development opportunities.
Information About Our Executive Officers
Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of Peabody’s executive officers. Executive officers are appointed by, and hold office at the discretion of, Peabody’s Board of Directors, subject to the terms of any employment agreements.
Name Age (1)
Position (1)
James C. Grech 61 President and Chief Executive Officer
Mark A. Spurbeck 49 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Darren R. Yeates 62 Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Scott T. Jarboe 49 Chief Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary
Marc E. Hathhorn 52 President - U.S. Operations
Jamie Frankcombe 62 President - Australian Operations
Patrick J. Forkin III 64 Chief Development Officer
(1) As of February 17, 2023.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
James C. Grech was named Peabody’s President and Chief Executive Officer in June 2021. He has over 30 years of experience in the natural resources industry. Mr. Grech served as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of Wolverine Fuels, LLC, a thermal coal producer and marketer based in Sandy, Utah, from July 2018 until May 2021. Prior to joining Wolverine Fuels, LLC, Mr. Grech served as President of Nexus Gas Transmission from October 2016 to July 2018, and previously held the position of Chief Commercial Officer and Executive Vice President of Consol Energy. Mr. Grech brings a strong operational, commercial and financial background in both mining and other energy business operations and has extensive utilities and capital markets experience. He serves as a director of Blue Danube. Mr. Grech holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Lawrence Technological University and an MBA from the University of Michigan.
Mark A. Spurbeck was named Peabody’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in June 2020, after serving in an interim capacity from January 2020 through June 2020. He oversees finance, treasury, tax, internal audit, financial reporting, financial planning, risk and mine finance, corporate accounting functions, investor relations and corporate communications, information technology and shared services. Mr. Spurbeck has more than 25 years of accounting and financial experience, most recently serving as the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer from early 2018 to January 2020. Prior to joining Peabody, Mr. Spurbeck served as Vice President of Finance and Chief Accounting Officer at Coeur Mining, Inc., a diversified precious metals producer, from March 2013 to January 2018. He also previously held multiple financial positions at Newmont Mining Corporation, a leading gold and copper producer, First Data Corporation, a financial services company, and Deloitte LLP, an international accounting, tax and advisory firm. Mr. Spurbeck is a Certified Public Accountant and holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting from Hillsdale College.
Darren R. Yeates was named Peabody’s Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in October 2020. He has executive responsibility for operations, sales and marketing and technical services. Mr. Yeates has over 35 years of mining industry experience. From May 2018 to December 2019, Mr. Yeates served as Chief Operating Officer of MACH Energy Australia, a developer and supplier of thermal coal to both the Australian domestic and Asian export markets. From January 2014 until June 2016, Mr. Yeates served as the Chief Executive Officer of GVK Hancock Coal, a joint venture developing the vast potential of the Galilee Basin in Central Queensland. Prior to that, he spent over 22 years with Rio Tinto, a global mining group, including as Acting Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer for Coal Australia, General Manager Ports and Infrastructure for Pilbara Iron and General Manager Tarong Coal. Prior to joining Rio Tinto, Mr. Yeates worked for six years for BHP, a mining, metals and petroleum company, in coal operations and metalliferous exploration. Mr. Yeates holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Mining) from the University of Queensland, a Graduate Diploma in Management from the University of Central Queensland and a Graduate Diploma of Applied Finance and Investment from the Securities Institute of Australia. He holds an Executive MBA from the Monash Mt Eliza Business School and is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Scott T. Jarboe was named Peabody’s Chief Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary in November 2021 after serving as Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary since March 2020. He leads the Company’s global human resources, legal, government affairs, and ethics and compliance functions. Mr. Jarboe joined Peabody in 2010 and has served in a variety of legal roles. Previously, Mr. Jarboe practiced law with Husch Blackwell LLP and Bryan Cave LLP. Mr. Jarboe holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree from the University of Kansas, a Master’s Degree from the University of Missouri - Kansas City and a Juris Doctor degree from Washington University School of Law.
Marc E. Hathhorn was named Peabody’s President - U.S. Operations in November 2021. He has executive responsibility for the Company’s U.S. operating platform, which includes leadership of health, safety and environment, people, operational performance and product delivery. Mr. Hathhorn has more than 30 years of experience in mining engineering and operations in North and South America and in Australia. Mr. Hathhorn joined Peabody in 2011 as Senior Vice President - Midwest Operations, and subsequently served as Group Executive - Americas Operations Support from 2013 to 2016, Group Executive - Americas Operations from 2016 to 2019 and President - Australian Operations until assuming his current role. Previously, Mr. Hathhorn held various leadership positions with Drummond LTD in South America, including Mine Operations Superintendent, Port Manager, and Vice President - Mining Operations. Prior to joining Drummond LTD, Mr. Hathhorn held various engineering and supervisory positions with Newmont Gold Corporation. Mr. Hathhorn holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mining Engineering from the University of Idaho, College of Mines.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Jamie Frankcombe was named Peabody’s President - Australian Operations in November 2021. He has executive responsibility for the Company’s Australian operating platform, which includes leadership of health, safety and environment, people, operational performance and product delivery. He is a senior mining executive with 30 years of experience in developing and managing large-scale open cut and underground coal, iron ore, copper and gold mines in Australia, Indonesia, Asia and the Americas. Prior to joining Peabody, Mr. Frankcombe served as Deputy Managing Director for Phu Bia Mining in Laos managing the Phu Kham (copper & gold) and Ban Houayxai (gold & silver) operating assets from June 2021 to November 2021. Prior to that, Mr. Frankcombe served as Integration Team Lead with Aurelia Metals Ltd from November 2020 to April 2021 with the responsibility of integrating the Dargues Gold Mine project and operations into the Aurelia Metals Ltd portfolio. Prior to that, he spent seven years as Chief Operating Officer for Whitehaven Coal Mining Ltd., overseeing operational and safety leadership of four open cut coal mines and one underground mine. In addition, he served as a director of Coal Services Pty Ltd. from September 2017 to July 2021. Mr. Frankcombe holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Mining) from University of Wollongong and a Master of Business Administration (Technology) from Deakin University.
Patrick J. Forkin III was named Chief Development Officer in July 2022 after serving as Senior Vice President - Corporate Development and Strategy since November 2017. He leads global strategy, mergers and acquisitions, portfolio management, U.S. thermal coal sales and renewable energy development. Mr. Forkin joined Peabody in 2010 and has served in a variety of roles. He has an extensive background in corporate finance, the energy industry, mergers and acquisitions and equity market research. Prior to joining Peabody, Mr. Forkin was in senior leadership roles at a U.S. solar development company and investment banking firms specializing in renewable and conventional energy. He spent the first nine years of his career at Deloitte LLP. Mr. Forkin holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accountancy from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).
Regulatory Matters - U.S.
Federal, state and local authorities regulate the U.S. coal mining industry with respect to matters such as employee health and safety, permitting and licensing requirements, air quality standards, water pollution, plant and wildlife protection, the reclamation and restoration of mining properties after mining has been completed, the discharge of materials into the environment, surface subsidence from underground mining and the effects of mining on groundwater quality and availability. In addition, the industry is affected by significant requirements mandating certain benefits for current and retired coal miners. Numerous federal, state and local governmental permits and approvals are required for mining operations. Peabody believes that it has obtained all permits currently required to conduct its present mining operations.
The Company endeavors to conduct its mining operations in compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. However, because of extensive and comprehensive regulatory requirements, violations during mining operations occur from time to time in the industry.
Mine Safety and Health
Peabody is subject to health and safety standards both at the federal and state level. The regulations are comprehensive and affect numerous aspects of mining operations, including training of mine personnel, mining procedures, blasting, the equipment used in mining operations and other matters.
MSHA is the entity responsible for monitoring compliance with the federal mine health and safety standards. MSHA employs various enforcement measures for noncompliance, including the issuance of monetary penalties and orders of withdrawal from a mine or part of a mine.
In Part I, Item 4. “Mine Safety Disclosures” and in Exhibit 95 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company provides additional details on MSHA compliance.
Black Lung (Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis)
Black Lung Benefits. Under the U.S. Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1977 and the Black Lung Benefits Reform Act of 1977, as amended in 1981, each U.S. coal mine operator who was the last to employ a claimant for a cumulative year of employment, with the last day worked for the operator after July 1, 1973, must pay federal black lung benefits and medical expenses to claimants whose claims for benefits are allowed. Coal mine operators must also make payments to a trust fund for the payment of benefits and medical expenses to claimants who last worked in the coal industry prior to July 1, 1973. Historically, very few of the miners who sought federal black lung benefits were awarded these benefits; however, the approval rate has increased following implementation of black lung provisions contained in the Affordable Care Act. The Affordable Care Act included significant changes to the federal black lung program including an automatic survivor benefit paid upon the death of a miner with an awarded black lung claim and establishes a rebuttable presumption with regard to pneumoconiosis among miners with 15 or more years of coal mine employment that are totally disabled by a respiratory condition.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The trust fund has been funded by an excise tax on U.S. production. As a result of legislation enacted in December 2020, the excise tax rates were set at 4.4% of the gross sales price not to exceed $1.10 per ton of underground coal and $0.55 per ton of surface coal for the year ending December 31, 2021. This enacted legislation expired on December 31, 2021 and the excise tax rates reverted back to 2% of the gross sales price not to exceed $0.50 per ton of underground coal and $0.25 per ton of surface coal. Effective October 1, 2022, the excise tax rates reverted back to 4.4% of the gross sales price not to exceed $1.10 per ton of underground coal and $0.55 per ton of surface coal due to the enactment of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
Peabody recognized expense related to the tax of $32.4 million, $51.5 million and $53.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Peabody recognized additional expense of approximately $8 million as a result of the higher excise tax rates.
Black Lung Benefits Act Self-Insurance Requirements. The Black Lung Benefits Act requires each coal mine operator to secure the payment of its potential benefits liability by either qualifying as a self-insurer or by purchasing and maintaining a commercial insurance contract. The Department of Labor’s (DOL) Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP) is responsible for authorizing coal mine operators to self-insure and for setting the security amounts. As part of its ongoing efforts to reform the self-insurance program to ensure that operators are adequately securing their liabilities, the OWCP proposed a rule in January 2023 to update its regulations for authorizing operators to self-insure and for determining appropriate security amounts. The public comment period for the proposed rule ends March 20, 2023.
A change in requirements for security posted to self-insure black lung liabilities could result in the Company being required to post additional security for its obligations. At the request of OWCP, the Company recently refiled its application for self-insurance.
Environmental Laws and Regulations
Peabody is subject to various federal, state, local and tribal environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations place substantial requirements on its coal mining operations, and require regular inspection and monitoring of its mines and other facilities to ensure compliance. The Company is also affected by various other federal, state, local and tribal environmental laws and regulations that impact its customers.
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. In the U.S., the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), which is administered by the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), established mining, environmental protection and reclamation standards for surface mining and underground mining. Mine operators must obtain SMCRA permits and permit renewals for mining operations from the OSMRE or from the respective state regulatory authority. Where state regulatory agencies have adopted federal mining programs under SMCRA, the state becomes the primary regulatory authority, with oversight from OSMRE. States in which Peabody has active mining operations have achieved primacy control of enforcement through federal authorization. In Arizona, where Peabody performs reclamation work on tribal lands, the Company is regulated by the OSMRE because the tribes do not have SMCRA authorization.
SMCRA provides for three categories of bonds: surety bonds, collateral bonds and self-bonds. A surety bond is an indemnity agreement in a sum certain payable to the regulatory authority, executed by the permittee as principal and which is supported by the performance guarantee of a surety corporation. A collateral bond can take several forms, including cash, letters of credit, first lien security interest in property or other qualifying investment securities. A self-bond is an indemnity agreement in a sum certain executed by the permittee or by the permittee and any corporate guarantor made payable to the regulatory authority.
The Company’s total reclamation bonding requirements in the U.S. were $1,035.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The bond requirements for a mine represent the calculated cost to reclaim the current operations of a mine if it ceased to operate in the current period. The cost calculation for each bond must be completed according to the regulatory authority of each state or OSMRE. The Company’s asset retirement obligations calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for its active and inactive U.S. operations were $533.3 million as of December 31, 2022. The bond requirement amount for the Company’s U.S. operations significantly exceeds the financial liability for final mine reclamation because the asset retirement obligation liability is discounted from the end of the mine’s economic life to the balance sheet date in recognition that the final reclamation cash outlay is projected to be a number of years away. The bond amount, in contrast with the asset retirement obligation, presumes reclamation begins immediately, as well as different assumptions related to the cost of equipment and services utilized in the reclamation process.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
After a permit application is prepared and submitted to the regulatory agency, it goes through a completeness and technical review. Public notice of the proposed permit is given for a comment period before a permit can be issued. Regulatory authorities have considerable discretion in the timing of the permit issuance and the public has the right to comment on and otherwise engage in the permitting process, including public hearings and through intervention in the courts. Before a SMCRA permit is issued, a mine operator must submit a bond or other form of financial security to guarantee the performance of reclamation bonding requirements.
In situations where the Company’s coal resources are federally owned, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management oversees a substantive exploration and leasing process. If surface land is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, that agency serves as the cooperating agency during the federal coal leasing process. Federal coal leases also require an approved federal mining permit under the signature of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior.
The SMCRA Abandoned Mine Land Fund requires a fee on all coal produced in the U.S. The proceeds are used to rehabilitate lands mined and left unreclaimed prior to August 3, 1977 and to pay health care benefit costs of orphan beneficiaries of the Combined Fund created by the Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit Act of 1992. The fee amount can change periodically based on changes in federal legislation. Pursuant to the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, from October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2021, the fee was $0.28 and $0.12 per ton of surface-mined and underground-mined coal, respectively. As a result of the Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation Amendments of 2021, which Congress enacted on November 15, 2021 as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2034, the fee is $0.224 and $0.096 per ton of surface-mined and underground-mine coal, respectively. The Company recognized expense related to the fees of $21.7 million, $27.0 million and $28.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Clean Air Act (CAA). The CAA, enacted in 1970, and comparable state and tribal laws that regulate air emissions affect the Company’s U.S. coal mining operations both directly and indirectly.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The CAA requires the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to review national ambient air quality standards every five years to determine whether revision to current standards are appropriate. As part of this recurring review process, the EPA in 2020 proposed to retain the ozone NAAQS promulgated in 2015, including both the primary (public health) and secondary (public welfare) standards. The EPA subsequently promulgated final standards to this effect. In 2021, fifteen states and other petitioners filed a petition for review of the rule in the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (D.C. Circuit). The litigation is currently in abeyance following a motion filed by the EPA to allow for review of the standards.
The EPA also proposed in 2020 to retain the particulate matter (PM) NAAQS last revised in 2012. On December 18, 2020, the EPA issued a final rule to retain both the primary annual and 24-hour PM standards for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the primary 24-hour standard for coarse particulate matter (PM10) and secondary PM10 standards. This rule has also been challenged in the D.C. Circuit by several states and environmental organizations. The case is currently in abeyance following a motion filed by the EPA to allow for review of the standards. On January 6, 2023, the EPA proposed to lower the level of the annual PM2.5 NAAQS from 12.0 ug/m3 to within the range of 9.0 to 10.0 ug/m3.
More stringent PM or ozone standards would require new state implementation plans to be developed and filed with the EPA and may trigger additional control technology for mining equipment or result in additional challenges to permitting and expansion efforts. This could also be the case with respect to other NAAQS for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), although these standards are not subject to a statutorily-required review until 2023 for NO2 and 2024 for SO2.
Final New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for Fossil Fuel-Fired Electricity Utility Generating Units (EGUs). The EPA promulgated a final rule to limit carbon dioxide (CO2) from new, modified and reconstructed fossil fuel-fired EGUs under Section 111(b) of the CAA on August 3, 2015, and published it in the Federal Register on October 23, 2015.
This rule requires that newly-constructed fossil fuel-fired steam generating units achieve an emission standard for carbon dioxide of 1,400 lb carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour gross output (CO2/MWh-gross). The standard (known as the Best System of Emission Reduction (BSER)) is based on the performance of a supercritical pulverized coal boiler implementing partial carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). Modified and reconstructed fossil fuel-fired steam generating units must implement the most efficient generation achievable through a combination of best operating practices and equipment upgrades, to meet an emission standard consistent with best historical performance. Reconstructed units must implement the most efficient generating technology based on the size of the unit (supercritical steam conditions for larger units, to meet a standard of 1,800 lb CO2/MWh-gross, and subcritical conditions for smaller units to meet a standard of 2,000 lb CO2/MWh-gross).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Numerous legal challenges to the final rule were filed in the D.C. Circuit. Sixteen separate petitions for review were filed, and the challengers include 25 states, utilities, mining companies (including Peabody), labor unions, trade organizations and other groups. The cases were consolidated under the case filed by North Dakota (D.C. Cir. No. 15-1381). Four additional cases were filed seeking review of the EPA’s denial of reconsideration petitions in a final action published in the May 6, 2016 Federal Register entitled “Reconsideration of Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From New, Modified, and Reconstructed Stationary Sources: Electric Generating Units; Notice of final action denying petitions for reconsideration.” Pursuant to an order of the court, these cases remain in abeyance, subject to requirements for the EPA to file 90-day status reports.
On December 20, 2018, the EPA proposed to revise the 2015 NSPS to modify the minimum requirements for newly constructed coal-fired units from partial carbon capture and storage to efficiency-based standards. (83 Fed. Reg. 65,424 (Dec. 20, 2018)). In contrast to the 2015 rule, the proposed rule defined BSER as the most efficient demonstrated steam cycle in combination with the best operating practices. The EPA indicated that the primary reason for revising BSER was the high cost and limited geographic availability of carbon capture and storage technology. Status reports filed with the D.C. Circuit in North Dakota v. EPA indicate that litigation on the 2015 rule should remain in abeyance pending the EPA’s action on the 2018 proposed rule.
EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Existing Fossil Fuel-Fired EGUs. On October 23, 2015, the EPA published a final rule in the Federal Register regulating greenhouse gas emissions from existing fossil fuel-fired EGUs under Section 111(d) of the CAA (80 Fed. Reg. 64,662 (Oct. 23, 2015)). The rule (known as the Clean Power Plan or CPP) established emission guidelines for states to follow in developing plans to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing fossil fuel-fired EGUs. The CPP required that the states individually or collectively create systems that would reduce carbon emissions from any EGU located within their borders by 28% in 2025 and 32% in 2030 (compared with a 2005 baseline).
The EPA subsequently proposed to repeal the CPP and in August 2018 issued a proposed rule to replace the CPP, with the Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) Rule. In June 2019, the EPA issued a combined package that finalized the CPP repeal rule as well as the replacement rule, ACE. The ACE rule sets emissions guidelines for GHG emissions from existing EGUs based on a determination that efficiency heat rate improvements constitute the BSER. Numerous petitions for review challenging the ACE Rule were filed in the D.C. Circuit and subsequently consolidated. In January 2021, a 3-judge panel of the D.C. Circuit vacated and remanded the ACE Rule to the EPA, including its repeal of the CPP and amendments to the implementing regulations that extended the compliance timeline.
On October 29, 2021, the Supreme Court of the United States (Supreme Court) granted certiorari in four consolidated matters seeking review of the D.C. Circuit’s opinion vacating the ACE rule and invalidating the repeal of the CPP. On June 30, 2022, the Supreme Court issued its opinion in West Virginia v. EPA, No. 20-1530. The Supreme Court ruled that the EPA does not have Congressional authority under Section 111(d) of the CAA to limit emissions at existing power plants through generation shifting to other fuels and/or renewable energy, but still can regulate emissions at plants by emissions reductions technologies as the EPA has done in the past. The D.C. Circuit’s opinion was reversed and remanded, leaving neither the CPP or the ACE Rule in effect. Thus, it will be necessary for the EPA to initiate new rulemaking in order to control GHG emissions from EGUs using section 111(d) of the CAA. The EPA tentatively plans to propose emission guidelines for EGUs in 2023. The Company will continue to monitor EPA rulemaking in this regard.
EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Permitting Regulations for Major Emission Sources. In May 2010, the EPA published final rules requiring permitting and control technology requirements for greenhouse gases under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Title V permitting programs that apply to stationary sources of air pollution. The EPA determined that these requirements were “triggered” by the EPA’s prior regulation of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles. These rules were subsequently upheld by the D.C. Circuit on June 26, 2012. On June 23, 2014, however, the Supreme Court ruled that the EPA could not require PSD and Title V permitting for greenhouse gases emitted from stationary sources if those sources were not otherwise considered to be “major sources” of conventional pollutants for purposes of PSD and Title V (known as Step 2 sources). In accordance with that decision, the D.C. Circuit vacated the federal regulations that implemented Step 2 of the Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule in 2015. Subsequently, the EPA removed the vacated elements from its rules to ensure that neither the PSD nor Title V rules require a source to obtain a permit solely because the source emits or has the potential to emit greenhouse gases above the applicable thresholds. The EPA therefore no longer has the authority to conduct PSD permitting for Step 2 sources, nor can the EPA approve provisions submitted by a state for inclusion in its state implementation plan providing this authority.
Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) and CSAPR Update Rule. In 2011, the EPA finalized the CSAPR, which requires the District of Columbia and 27 states from Texas eastward (not including the New England states or Delaware) to reduce power plant emissions that cross state lines and significantly contribute to ozone and/or fine particle pollution in other states. In 2016, the EPA published the final CSAPR Update Rule which imposed additional reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOx) beginning in 2017 in 22 states subject to CSAPR. This rule was subsequently remanded back to the EPA. Wisconsin v. EPA, 938 F.3d 303.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
In April 2021, the EPA published a final rule in the Federal Register to address the D.C. Circuit remand. This rule imposed further reductions of NOx emissions in 12 states that were subject to the original 2016 rule, which was based on the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
In the same rule, the EPA determined that 9 states did not significantly contribute to downwind nonattainment and/or maintenance issues and therefore did not require additional emission reductions. The EPA subsequently issued Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) to lower state ozone season NOx budgets in 2021 to 2024 in the affected states. A petition for review challenging the 2021 rule was filed in the D.C. Circuit. Briefing is completed and oral arguments were held September 28, 2022, but this does not stay the effectiveness of the rule.
On April 6, 2022, the EPA proposed FIPs to address regional ozone transport for the 2015 ozone NAAQS. The proposed rule would result in new ozone season emission budgets for NOx in 25 states, including four Western states, and additionally contains provisions that would require daily “backstop” emission limits for coal-fired power plants over 100 megawatts. The proposed rule would also set first-time limits on certain industrial sources. The EPA estimates that by 2026 the compliance cost will be $1.1 billion. These emission limitations would apply in addition to requirements contained in State Implementation Plans to control ozone precursors in affected states, although states have the option to replace these limits with equally strict or more stringent limitations.
Mercury and Air Toxic Standards (MATS). The EPA published the final MATS rule in the Federal Register in 2012. The MATS rule revised the NSPS for NOx, SO2 and PM for new and modified coal-fueled electricity generating plants, and imposed maximum achievable control technology (MACT) emission limits on hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from new and existing coal-fueled and oil-fueled electric generating plants. MACT standards limit emissions of mercury, acid gas HAPs, non-mercury HAP metals and organic HAPs.
In 2020, the EPA issued a final rule reversing a prior finding and determined that it is not “appropriate and necessary” under the CAA to regulate HAP emissions from coal- and oil-fired power plants. This rule also finalized residual risk and technology review standards for the coal- and oil-fired electricity utility generating units source category. Both actions were challenged in the D.C. Circuit but this litigation was placed in abeyance. On February 9, 2022 the EPA proposed a rule to revoke the 2020 finding and to reaffirm the agency’s 2016 finding that it remains “appropriate and necessary” to regulate HAP emissions from coal- and oil-fired power plants under Section 112 of the CAA. In the same proposal, the EPA solicited comments on the performance and cost of new or improved technologies to control HAPs from these power plants as part of the agency’s review of related residual risk and technology review standards.
Regional Haze. The Clean Air Act contains a national visibility goal for the “prevention of any future, and the remedying of any existing, impairment of visibility in Class I areas which impairment results from manmade air pollution.” The EPA promulgated comprehensive regulations in 1999 requiring all states to submit plans to address regional haze that could affect 156 national parks and wilderness areas, including requirements for certain sources to install the best available retrofit technology and for states to demonstrate “reasonable progress” towards meeting the national visibility goal. States are required to revise plans every 10 years.
New Source Review (NSR). The Clean Air Act imposes permitting requirements when a new source undergoes construction or when an existing source is reconstructed or undergoes a major modification. These requirements are contained in the CAA’s PSD and Nonattainment New Source Review (NNSR) programs, generally referred to as NSR. On August 4, 2020, the EPA released a guidance memorandum concerning implementation of plantwide applicability limitations (PALs) (Guidance on Plantwide Applicability Limitation Provisions Under the New Source Review Regulations). PALs allow sources to make physical and operational changes under a plantwide emission limit without “triggering” NSR.
The EPA has also taken action on a number of different rules and guidance affecting the interpretation and application of NSR. In a final rule (83 Fed. Reg. 57,324 (Nov. 15, 2018)), the EPA completed reconsideration of a 2009 petition to clarify when certain actions must be “aggregated” for purposes of determining whether these actions are part of a single project to which NSR applies. The EPA has additionally published guidance on the definition of “ambient air” (Revised Policy on Exclusions from “Ambient Air,” Dec. 2, 2019) and guidance concerning when multiple air pollution-emitting activities may be considered to be “adjacent” so that they should be considered to be a single source (Interpreting “Adjacent” for New Source Review and Title V Source Determinations in All Industries Other Than Oil and Gas, Nov. 26, 2019). Additional memorandum and applicability determinations have also been made that address other NSR issues and the EPA has also taken steps to review and potentially revise previously issued rules and guidance, including those related to project emissions accounting and fugitive emissions. PSD rules, guidance and memorandum may affect the construction, reconstruction and modification of sources and the level of pollution control requirements that will be necessary on a case-by-case basis.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Federal Coal Leasing Moratorium. The Executive Order on Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth (EI Order), signed on March 28, 2017, lifted the Department of Interior’s federal coal leasing moratorium and rescinded guidance on the inclusion of social cost of carbon in federal rulemaking. Following the EI Order, the Interior Secretary issued Order 3349 ending the federal coal leasing moratorium. Environmental groups took the issue to court (District of Montana) and in April 2019, the court held the lifting of the moratorium triggered National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review. On May 22, 2020, the court held that the Department of the Interior’s issuance of an Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) remedied the prior NEPA violations. Thereafter, environmental groups amended their complaint to challenge the Environmental Assessment and FONSI. On August 12, 2022, the court invalidated the Environmental Assessment and FONSI and reinstated the moratorium until completion of a sufficient NEPA analysis. The August 2022 decision is currently on appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Clean Water Act (CWA). The CWA of 1972 directly impacts U.S. coal mining operations by requiring effluent limitations and treatment standards for wastewater discharge from mines through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Regular monitoring, reporting and performance standards are requirements of NPDES permits that govern the discharge of water from mine-related point sources into receiving waters.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regulates certain activities affecting navigable waters and waters of the U.S., including wetlands. Section 404 of the CWA requires mining companies to obtain permits from the Corps to place material in or mine through jurisdictional waters of the U.S.
States are empowered to develop and apply water quality standards. These standards are subject to change and must be approved by the EPA. Discharges must either meet state water quality standards or be authorized through available regulatory processes such as alternate standards or variances. Standards vary from state to state. Additionally, through the CWA Section 401 certification program, state and tribal regulators have approval authority over federal permits or licenses that might result in a discharge to their waters. State and tribal regulators consider whether the activity will comply with their water quality standards and other applicable requirements in deciding whether or not to certify the activity. The EPA issued a final rule in 2020 that could limit state and tribal regulators’ authority by allowing the EPA to certify projects over state or tribal regulator objections in some circumstances. That rule was temporarily vacated by a district court, but a Supreme Court order on April 7, 2022, effectively reinstated the rule. The EPA issued another proposal in June 2022 that would supersede the 2020 rule and expand state and tribal regulators’ authority to review activities that require federal permits or licenses and to impose conditions they believe are necessary to ensure compliance with water quality requirements. Comments for this rule were due August 8, 2022 and final rule is expected in early 2023.
CWA Definition of “Waters of the United States”. In January 2020 the EPA and the Corps finalized the Navigable Waters Protection Rule to revise the definition of “Waters of the United States” and thereby establish the scope of federal regulatory authority under the CWA. On August 30, 2021, a federal court in Arizona vacated the Navigable Waters Protection Rule, and on September 3, 2021, the EPA and the Corps announced that they had “halted implementation” of the rule nationwide and that they are interpreting “Waters of the United States” consistent with the pre-2015 regulatory framework. On December 30, 2022, the agencies released the pre-publication version of a final rule that formally repeals the Navigable Waters Protection Rule and codifies a revised definition of “Waters of the United States” that is generally consistent with the pre-2015 regulatory framework that they are currently implementing. The final rule was published in the Federal Register on January 18, 2023 and takes effect on March 20, 2023. In addition, the Supreme Court is currently considering Sackett v. EPA, No. 21-454, a case involving the scope of federal regulatory authority over wetlands. The Court heard oral arguments on October 3, 2022, and the opinion is forthcoming. Depending on the outcome of that case, the agencies may need to revisit the most recent rulemaking.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines for the Steam Electric Power Generating Industry. On September 30, 2015, the EPA published a final rule setting new or additional requirements for various wastewater discharges from steam electric power plants. The rule set zero discharge requirements for some waste streams, as well as new, more stringent limits for arsenic, mercury, selenium and nitrogen applicable to certain other waste streams. On October 13, 2020, the EPA issued a final rule revising the technology-based effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the steam electric power generating point source category applicable to flue gas desulfurization wastewater and bottom ash transport water. However, on August 3, 2021, the EPA announced it is undertaking a supplemental rulemaking to “strengthen certain discharge limits” applicable to steam electric power plants. The EPA expects to issue that proposal in early 2023. As finalized, the revised effluent limitations guidelines could significantly increase costs for many coal-fired steam electric power plants.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
National Environmental Policy Act. NEPA, signed into law in 1970, requires federal agencies to review the environmental impacts of their decisions and issue either an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement. Peabody must provide information to agencies when it proposes actions that will be under the authority of the federal government. The NEPA process involves public participation and can involve lengthy timeframes. The White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) issued a final rule comprehensively updating and modernizing its longstanding NEPA regulations on July 16, 2020. That final rule sought to reduce unnecessary paperwork, burdens and delays, promote better coordination among agency decision makers, and clarify scope of NEPA reviews, among other things. States and environmental groups have filed several lawsuits challenging the final rule. On April 20, 2022, however, the CEQ published the final Phase 1 rule that partially amended the 2020 rule by restoring key provisions of the pre-2020 NEPA regulations. The CEQ plans to propose a Phase 2 rule in the near future that makes broader changes to the 2020 rule. Separately, the CEQ published NEPA Guidance on Consideration of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change on January 9, 2023. The interim guidance was effective immediately, though the agency is accepting comments on the guidance.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). RCRA, which was enacted in 1976, affects U.S. coal mining operations by establishing “cradle to grave” requirements for the treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes. Typically, the only hazardous wastes generated at a mine site are those from products used in vehicles and for machinery maintenance. Coal mine wastes, such as overburden and coal cleaning wastes, are not considered hazardous wastes under RCRA.
Subtitle C of RCRA exempted fossil fuel combustion wastes from hazardous waste regulation until the EPA completed a report to Congress and made a determination on whether the wastes should be regulated as hazardous. On December 19, 2014, the EPA announced the final rule on coal combustion residuals (CCR or coal ash). As finalized, the rule continues the exemption of CCR from regulation as a hazardous waste, but does impose new requirements at existing CCR surface impoundments and landfills that will need to be implemented over a number of different time-frames in the coming months and years, as well as at new surface impoundments and landfills. Generally, EPA-imposed requirements will increase the cost of CCR management, but not as much as if the rule had regulated CCR as hazardous.
Proposed Rule for Disposal of CCR from Electric Utilities; Federal CCR Permit Program and Revisions to Closure Requirements. On February 20, 2020, as required by the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, the EPA proposed a federal permitting program for the disposal of CCR in surface impoundments and landfills. Under the proposal, the EPA would directly implement the permit program in Indian Country, and at CCR units located in states that have not submitted their own CCR permit program for approval. The proposal includes requirements for federal CCR permit applications, content and modification, as well as procedural requirements. The comment period for the EPA’s proposal ended on April 20, 2020. Although EPA had planned to finalize this rule in 2021, the EPA now expects to issue a final rule around July 2023. Separately, on August 28, 2020 and November 12, 2020, the EPA finalized two sets of amendments to its 2015 CCR rule to partially address the D.C. Circuit’s 2018 decision holding that certain provisions of that rule were not sufficiently protective. The EPA is still deciding how to further revise the 2015 rule to address the remainder of the court decision. The EPA expects to finalize additional revisions in August 2023.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Although generally not a prominent environmental law in the coal mining sector, CERCLA, which was enacted in 1980, nonetheless may affect U.S. coal mining operations by creating liability for investigation and remediation in response to releases of hazardous substances into the environment and for damages to natural resources. Under CERCLA, joint and several liabilities may be imposed on waste generators, site owners or operators and others, regardless of fault.
Toxic Release Inventory. Arising out of the passage of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act in 1986 and the Pollution Prevention Act passed in 1990, the EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory program requires companies to report the use, manufacture or processing of listed toxic materials that exceed established thresholds, including chemicals used in equipment maintenance, reclamation, water treatment and ash received for mine placement from power generation customers.
Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA of 1973 and counterpart state legislation is intended to protect species whose populations allow for categorization as either endangered or threatened. Changes in listings or requirements under these regulations could have a material adverse effect on Peabody’s costs or its ability to mine some of its properties in accordance with its current mining plans. During the Trump Administration, the Departments of the Interior and Commerce issued finalized five rules aiming to streamline and update the ESA. But in June 2021, agencies announced their plan to revise, rescind, or reinstate the rules that were finalized (or withdrawn) during the Trump Administration that conflict with the Biden Administration’s objectives. The agencies plan to begin issuing proposed rules in mid-2023.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Use of Explosives. Peabody’s surface mining operations are subject to numerous regulations relating to blasting activities. Pursuant to these regulations, it incurs costs to design and implement blast schedules and to conduct pre-blast surveys and blast monitoring. The storage of explosives is subject to strict federal regulatory requirements. The U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) regulates the use of explosive blasting materials. In addition to ATF regulation, the Department of Homeland Security is expected to finalize an ammonium nitrate security program rule. On July 30, 2019, the OSMRE officially withdrew its decision to initiate rulemaking related to emissions generated from blasting at coal mining operations. The decision cited its lack of statutory authority and the sufficiency of the existing regulatory framework.
Federal Report on Climate Change. On November 23, 2018, the U.S. Global Change Research Program, a working group comprised of 13 U.S. governmental departments and agencies, issued the Fourth National Climate Assessment. The report lists the observed effects of “increasing greenhouse gas concentrations on Earth’s climate” and enumerates the impacts of those observed effects. The report also discusses the alternatives for reducing the impacts of climate-related risks, including through mitigation and adaptation. While there are no explicit regulatory actions that flow from the issuance of the report, both the legislative and executive branches of government may rely on its conclusions to shape and justify policies and actions going forward. A Fifth National Climate Assessment is currently in development with an anticipated publication date in 2023.
SEC Climate-Related Disclosures. On March 21, 2022, the SEC proposed rules that would require public companies to disclose extensive climate-related information in certain SEC filings. Specifically, the proposed rules would add new Subpart 1500 to Regulation S-K and new Article 14 to Regulation S-X to require disclosure of climate-related risks that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on a public company’s business, results of operations, or financial condition; GHG emissions associated with a public company that includes, in many cases, an attestation report by a GHG emissions attestation provider; and climate-related financial metrics to be included in a company’s audited financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of the proposed rules. The public comment period on the proposed rules has concluded and final rules are expected in 2023.
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was signed into law on August 16, 2022. Among its many provisions are programs that provide grants and other forms of direct and indirect financial assistance for the deployment of zero emission technologies as well as other actions that could affect energy markets and the future use of coal. The Company is currently assessing the potential environmental impacts of the legislation.
Regulatory Matters - Australia
The Australian mining industry is regulated by Australian federal, state and local governments with respect to environmental issues such as land reclamation, water quality, air quality, dust control, noise, planning issues (such as approvals to expand existing mines or to develop new mines) and health and safety issues. The Australian federal government retains control over the level of foreign investment and export approvals. Industrial relations are regulated under both federal and state laws. Australian state governments also require coal companies to post deposits or give other security against land which is being used for mining, with those deposits being returned or security released after satisfactory reclamation is completed.
Fair Work Act. In December 2022, the federal government passed The Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Act 2022, which amends the Fair Work Act. The legislation introduces several changes to workplace laws in Australia including changes to enterprise agreement making and termination, to when industrial action can be taken and to access to multi-employer bargaining. In addition, employers will no longer be able to employ individuals on a fixed-term contract for more than two years, and access to flexible working arrangements for employees has been expanded. A number of measures aimed at addressing the gender pay gap have also been introduced.
New South Wales Coal Directions. The State of New South Wales (NSW) enacted the Energy and Utilities Administration Amendment Act 2022 granting the State Premier and Minister for Energy the ability to issue directions in the event of a coal market price emergency (among other powers). On December 22, 2022, the State Premier declared a coal market price emergency on the basis that the declaration was necessary to reduce the risk that increases in coal prices could contribute to an increase in electricity prices. On December 23, 2022, Peabody and a number of other coal producers in NSW were issued with directions that require those coal producers to reserve and sell a portion of the coal produced to NSW power generators at a capped price until June 30, 2024. On January 31, 2023, amended directions were issued. The directions, as they currently stand, apply to the Wilpinjong Mine and also impose a number of additional reporting obligations with respect to coal produced from the Wilpinjong Mine. However, the NSW government is in ongoing discussions with coal producers and power generators regarding issuing additional directions. It is anticipated that these directions will not impact Wilpinjong Mine, but may require the reservation of coal at the Wambo Mines; however, the nature and extent of those obligations and associated reporting requirements are still evolving and require further clarification from the NSW government.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Metropolitan Mine Stormwater Discharge. Over the past two years, there has been significantly high rainfall in New South Wales, including unprecedented rain totals at the Metropolitan Mine site. While stormwater collected at the mine site is managed through two sedimentation dams, at times the heavy rainfall has presented challenges with managing the significant volumes of stormwater, as the surface water management infrastructure has not had sufficient capacity. As a result, on multiple occasions throughout 2021 and 2022 stormwater has been discharged from the mine site. Metropolitan Collieries Pty Ltd (MCPL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Peabody, removed accumulated material from the sedimentation dams to restore full site stormwater capacity by December 31, 2022 and has identified and is implementing additional controls for the management of sediment moving forward. Despite the measures undertaken by MCPL to manage and improve the situation, the Environment Protection Authority is currently undertaking an investigation in relation to the discharges of sediment laden water from the mine site and a review process of the Metropolitan Mine’s environmental protection license. The Environment Protection Authority is investigating potential offenses against the environmental protection legislation arising from the discharges.
Mining Tenements and Environmental. In Queensland and New South Wales, the development of a mine requires both the grant of a right to extract the resource and an approval which authorizes the environmental impact. These approvals are obtained under separate legislation from separate government authorities. However, the application processes run concurrently and are also concurrent with any native title or cultural heritage process that is required. The environmental impacts of mining projects are regulated by state and federal governments. Federal regulation will only apply if the particular project will significantly impact a matter of national environmental significance (for example, a water resource, an endangered species or particular protected places). Environmental approvals processes involve complex issues that, on occasion, require lengthy studies and documentation.
In February 2019, the New South Wales Land and Environment Court (LEC) upheld the government’s denial of a planning approval for a non-Peabody coal mining project (Gloucester Resources Limited v. Minister for Planning). Although the approval was refused for other reasons, the judge in that case discussed ‘Scope 3’ greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the consumption of coal to be mined under the proposed project. Such emissions are often raised as a ground of objection to Australian mining projects, including Peabody’s mining projects. For example, in a subsequent LEC decision (Australian Coal Alliance Incorporated v. Wyong Coal Pty Ltd), the approval of a coal mining project was confirmed after such emissions had been considered by the relevant authority. In August 2019, Peabody and Glencore received approval from the NSW Independent Planning Commission (IPC) for the United Wambo project, subject to conditions (Export Conditions) requiring the joint venture to prepare an Export Management Plan setting out protocols for using all reasonable and feasible measures to ensure that any coal extracted from the mine that is to be exported from Australia is only exported to countries that are parties to the Paris Agreement (as defined below) or countries that the NSW Planning Secretary considers to have similar policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The IPC subsequently approved another non-Peabody coal mining project (Rix’s Creek) without any Export Conditions. In October 2019, the NSW government introduced into Parliament proposed amendments to legislation and policy that would, if passed, have the effect of invalidating Export Conditions imposed on future NSW planning approvals, as well as no longer requiring consent authorities to consider ‘downstream emissions’ when assessing developments for the purposes of mining, petroleum production or extractive industry. The NSW government has announced changes to the IPC and planning system process which aims to improve timeframes and efficiencies for project approvals and providing more clarity on the IPC’s role in determining applications including seeking guidance on government policy. In June 2020, the NSW Government released its Strategic Statement on Coal Exploration and Mining in NSW which provides a high level framework for the government's policy approach to the future of the coal sector, as well as details of a streamlined strategic release process. The strategy identifies some potential areas for possible new coal exploration, areas that are ruled out for coal mining and areas where new coal exploration can only occur adjacent to an existing coal title via the Operational Allocation process. In December 2020, the NSW Government finalized and published the Guideline for the Competitive Allocation of Coal, which details the process for considering areas for coal exploration and allocating them by public tender.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
In Queensland, laws and regulations related to mining include, but are not limited to, the Mineral Resources Act 1989, Environmental Protection Act 1994 (EP Act), Environmental Protection Regulation 2008, Planning Act 2016, Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999, Minerals and Energy Resources (Common Provisions) Act 2014, Explosives Act 1999, Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003, Water Act 2000, State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971, Queensland Heritage Act 1992, Transport Infrastructure Act 1994, Nature Conservation Act 1992, Vegetation Management Act 1999, Biosecurity Act 2014, Land Act 1994, Regional Planning Interests Act 2014, Fisheries Act 1994 and Forestry Act 1959. Under the EP Act, policies have been developed to achieve the objectives of the law and provide guidance on specific areas of the environment, including air, noise, water and waste management. State planning policies address matters of Queensland state interest, and must be adhered to during mining project approvals. The Mineral Resources Act 1989 was amended effective September 27, 2016 to include significant changes to the management of overlapping coal and coal seam gas tenements, and the coordination of activities and access to private and public land. In November 2016, amendments to the EP Act and the Water Act 2000 became effective that facilitate regulatory scrutiny of the environmental impacts of underground water extraction during the operational phase of resource projects for all tenements yet to commence mineral extraction. The ‘chain of responsibility’ provisions of the EP Act, which became effective in April 2016, allow the regulator to issue an environmental protection order (EPO) to a related person of a company in two circumstances: (a) if an EPO has been issued to the company, an EPO can also be issued to a related person of the company (at the same time or later); or (b) if the company is a high risk company (as defined in the EP Act), an EPO can be issued to a related person of the company (whether or not an EPO has also been issued to the company). A guideline has been issued that provides more certainty to the industry on the circumstances in which an EPO may be issued.
In New South Wales, laws and regulations related to mining include, but are not limited to, the Mining Act 1992, Work Health and Safety (Mines) Act 2013, Coal Mine Subsidence Compensation Act 2017, Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPA Act), Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulations 2000, Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997, Contaminated Land Management Act 1997, Explosives Act 2003, Water Management Act 2000, Water Act 1912, Radiation Control Act 1990, Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act), Heritage Act 1977, Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983, Crown Land Management Act 2016, Dangerous Goods (Road and Rail Transport) Act 2008, Fisheries Management Act 1994, Forestry Act 2012, Native Title (New South Wales) Act 1994, Biosecurity Act 2015, Roads Act 1993 and National Parks & Wildlife Act 1974.
Under the EPA Act, environmental planning instruments must be considered when approving a mining project development application. Decision makers review the significance of a resource and the state and regional economic benefits of a proposed coal mine when considering a development application on the basis that it is an element of the “public interest” consideration contained in the relevant legislation. Effective from March 1, 2018, the EPA Act was amended to introduce a number of changes to planning laws in New South Wales. The EPA Act was further amended in June 2018 to revoke a process for modifying development approvals under the former Section 75W of the EPA Act. As a result, new development approvals will need to be obtained unless the proposed project will be substantially the same development as it was when the development approval was last modified under Section 75W, in which case the existing development approval can be modified. If a new development approval is required then this could take additional time to achieve.
On August 25, 2017, the BC Act commenced in New South Wales and imposes a revised framework for the assessment of potential impacts on biodiversity that may be caused by a development, such as a proposed mining project. The BC Act requires these potential impacts on biodiversity to be offset in perpetuity, by one or more of the following means: securing land based offsets and retiring biodiversity credits, making a payment into a biodiversity conservation fund or in some cases through mine site ecological rehabilitation. The data collected from the biodiversity impact assessment process is inputted into a new offsets payment calculator in order to determine the amount payable by the proponent to offset the impacts. The proposed development can only proceed once the biodiversity offset obligations have been satisfied.
Sharma v Minister for the Environment. On March 15, 2022, the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia overturned the decision in Sharma v Minister for the Environment [2021] FCA 560 (Sharma), a case which found in 2021 that the Federal Minister for the Environment had a duty to avoid causing personal injury or death to children in Australia as a result of carbon emissions when deciding an application to approve a coal mine expansion. In light of this decision, the Minister for the Environment no longer must consider the effects of carbon emissions when assessing referrals under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. However, an application by Sharma for special leave to appeal to the High Court of Australia remains probable, and the duty could be reinstated.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Mining Rehabilitation (Reclamation). Mine reclamation is regulated by state-specific legislation. As a condition of approval for mining operations, companies are required to progressively reclaim mined land and provide appropriate bonding, or, in certain circumstances (see below in relation to the Mineral and Energy Resources (Financial Provisioning) Act 2018), make alternative financial contributions to the relevant state government as a safeguard to cover the costs of reclamation in circumstances where mine operators are unable to do so. Self-bonding is not permitted. Peabody’s mines provide financial assurance to the relevant authorities which is calculated in accordance with current regulatory requirements. This financial assurance is in the form of cash, surety bonds or bank guarantees which are supported by a combination of cash collateral, deeds of indemnity and guarantee and letters of credit issued under the Company’s credit facility, collateralized letter of credit program and accounts receivable securitization program. The Company operates in both the Queensland and New South Wales state jurisdictions.
Peabody’s reclamation bonding requirements in Australia were $215.1 million as of December 31, 2022. The bond requirements represent the states’ calculated cost to reclaim the current operations of a mine if it ceases to operate in the current period less any discounts agreed with the state. The cost calculation for each bond must be completed according to the regulatory authority of each state. The Company’s asset retirement obligations calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for its active and inactive Australian operations were $216.7 million as of December 31, 2022. The total bonding requirements for the Company’s Australian operations differ from the calculated costs associated with the asset retirement obligations because the costs associated with asset retirement obligations are discounted from the end of the mine’s economic life to the balance sheet date in recognition of the economic reality that reclamation is conducted progressively and final reclamation is projected to be a number of years away, whereas the bonding amount represents the states’ calculated cost of reclamation if a mine ceases to operate immediately as well as different costs assumptions.
New South Wales Reclamation. The Mining Act 1992 (Mining Act) is administered by the Department of Planning and Environment and the New South Wales Resources Regulator and authorizes the holder of a mining tenement to extract a mineral subject to obtaining consent under the EPA Act and other auxiliary approvals and licenses.
Through the Mining Act, environmental protection and reclamation are regulated by conditions in all mining leases including requirements for the submission of a mining operations plan (MOP) prior to the commencement of operations. All mining operations must be carried out in accordance with the MOP which describes site activities and the progress toward environmental and reclamation outcomes and are updated on a regular basis or if mine plans change. The mines publicly report their reclamation performance on an annual basis.
In support of the MOP process, a reclamation cost estimate is calculated periodically to determine the amount of bond support required to cover the cost of reclamation based on the extent of disturbance during the MOP period.
Queensland Reclamation. The EP Act is administered by the Department of Environment and Science, which authorizes environmentally relevant activities such as mining activities relating to a mining lease through an Environmental Authority (EA). Environmental protection and reclamation activities are regulated by conditions in the EA. All mining operations must be carried out in a manner so as to ensure compliance with the conditions in the EA. The mines submit an annual return reporting on their EA compliance.
In November 2018, the Queensland government passed the Mineral and Energy Resources (Financial Provisioning) Act 2018 providing for a new financial assurance (FA) framework and new progressive rehabilitation requirements. The new FA framework creates a pooled fund covering most mines and most of the total industry liability, plus other options for providing FA if not part of the pooled fund (for example, allowing insurance bonds or cash). The percentage rate of the total rehabilitation cost payable into the pooled fund will take into account the financial strength of the holder of the EA for the mine and the project strength of the mine. The total rehabilitation cost is determined using an updated rehabilitation cost calculator, which no longer provides for discounting. The commencement date for the new FA framework was April 1, 2019 and there is a transitional period during which Peabody will move each of its mines in Queensland into the new FA framework.
The new progressive rehabilitation requirements commenced on November 1, 2019 and require each mine, within a three-year transitional period, to establish a schedule of rehabilitation milestones covering the life of the mine, and any significant changes to the timing of rehabilitation will require regulatory approval. If there is to remain an area within the mine that does not have a post-mining land use (referred to as a non-use management area or NUMA) then each such NUMA will need to pass a public interest evaluation test as part of the approval process. An example of a NUMA is the void that remains after open-cut mining activities have been completed. Under the legislation, each current mine is exempt from the requirement to justify its NUMAs to the extent that its current approvals provide for such areas. The Company is of the view that there will not be a need to seek any further regulatory approvals for any of the NUMAs at any of its Queensland mines.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Residual Risks. On August 20, 2020, the Environmental Protection and Other Legislation Amendment Act (Queensland) 2020 (EPOLA Act) became law, amending the residual risk framework that aims to ensure that any remaining risks on former resource sites are appropriately identified, costed and managed. On completion of all mining activities, the holder of the EA for the mine can apply to surrender the EA once all conditions, requirements and rehabilitation obligations have been met. When approving the surrender, the government can request a residual risk payment from the holder of the EA for the mine to cover potential rehabilitation or maintenance costs incurred after the surrender has been accepted. It contemplates two approaches for determining residual risk payments. Depending on the level of risk of a particular site, a cost calculator tool might be used or a panel of appropriately qualified experts might undertake a qualitative and quantitative risk assessment.
Native Title and Cultural Heritage. Since 1992, the Australian courts have recognized that native title to lands and water, as recognized under the laws and customs of the Aboriginal inhabitants of Australia, may have survived the process of European settlement. These developments are supported by the federal Native Title Act which recognizes and protects native title, and under which a national register of native title claims has been established. Native title rights do not extend to minerals; however, native title rights can be affected by mining activities unless those rights have previously been extinguished, thereby requiring negotiation with the traditional owners (and potentially the payment of compensation) prior to the grant of certain mining tenements. There is also federal and state legislation to prevent damage to Aboriginal cultural heritage and archaeological sites.
Following the May 2020 destruction of caves at the Juukan Gorge in the Pilbara region of Western Australia by an iron ore mining operation, the Federal Government established a Senate Inquiry. The Senate Inquiry’s terms of reference included reviewing the effectiveness and adequacy of state and federal laws in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural heritage in each of the Australian jurisdictions; and how these cultural heritage laws might be improved to guarantee the protection of culturally and historically significant sites. Following an interim report released on December 9, 2020, the Joint Standing Committee on Northern Australia released its final report on October 18, 2021. The final report sets out three key findings and eight recommendations, including that a new framework for cultural heritage protection be implemented at a national level by way of new legislated national minimum standards for State and Territory laws. The recommendations also include that a review of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) be undertaken to address inequalities in the negotiating position of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the future act regime, including the ‘right to negotiate’ process which is associated with the grant of certain mining tenements. On November 24, 2022, the Environment Minister announced the Australian government’s support for all but one of the recommendations from the Senate Inquiry (whether final responsibility for heritage protection should sit with the Indigenous Affairs Minister or the Environment Minister is still being assessed) and indicated laws to protect Aboriginal cultural heritage would be strengthened following a further review of mining standards. Any legislation passed as a result of the recommendations in the final report could potentially impact the Company’s current and future mining tenements and operations.
Occupational Health and Safety. State legislation requires Peabody to provide and maintain a safe workplace by providing safe systems of work, safety equipment and appropriate information, instruction, training and supervision. In recognition of the specialized nature of mining and mining activities, specific occupational health and safety obligations have been mandated under state legislation specific to the coal mining industry. There are some differences in the application and detail of the laws, and mining operators, directors, officers and certain other employees are all subject to the obligations under this legislation.
In September 2020, Safe Work Australia (SWA) published its revised Workplace Exposure Standards (WES) for coal dust and silica based on toxicological information and other monitoring data. SWA have recommended exposure limits of 1.5 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) for coal dust (to apply from October 2022) and 0.05 mg/m3 for silica (to apply as soon as possible). In Queensland, a new workplace exposure standard for respirable crystalline silica (eight hour time-weighted average airborne concentration of 0.05mg/m3) took effect from July 1, 2020. In New South Wales, the new respirable crystalline silica workplace exposure standard of 0.05 mg/m3 commenced on July 1, 2020. The respirable coal dust workplace exposure standard of 2.5 mg/m3 was reduced to 1.5 mg/m3 on February 1, 2021 and mines need to report exceedances of the new exposure standard to the NSW Resources Regulator from this date. NSW is the first mining jurisdiction in Australia to implement an exposure standard for diesel particulate matter with the exposure standard of 0.1 mg/m3 which became enforceable on February 1, 2021.
In addition, as part of a broader review of workplace exposure standards, SWA is currently considering a proposal to reduce the time weighted average (TWA) WES for CO2 in Australian coal mines from 12,500 ppm to 5,000 ppm. Currently there is a separate TWA for CO2 in coal mines, however SWA proposes to remove this to align with a general industry standard. If implemented, the change has the potential to affect underground mines operating in CO2 rich coal seams, including the primary coal seam of the Company’s Metropolitan Mine. Importantly, a minimum three-year transition period applies for any change to standards. SWA expects to make recommendations to the Work Health and Safety Ministers on the proposed workplace exposure standards in the first quarter of 2023.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
On July 1, 2020, the Resources Safety and Health Queensland Act 2020 became effective. It establishes Resources Safety and Health Queensland (RSHQ) as a statutory body designed to ensure independence of the mining safety and health regulator. RSHQ includes inspectorates for coal mines, mineral mines and quarries, explosives and petroleum and gas. The new law seeks to enhance the role of advisory committees to identify, quantify and prioritize safety and health issues in the mining and quarrying industries. It also provides for an independent Work Health and Safety Prosecutor to prosecute serious offenses under resources safety legislation.
On May 20, 2020, the Queensland Parliament passed a bill into law that introduces the criminal offense of ‘industrial manslaughter’ for executive officers, individuals who are “senior officers” and companies in the mining industry. Individuals now face a maximum prison sentence of 20 years and companies could be fined up to approximately $13 million Australian dollars. This new law became effective July 1, 2020. The bill also introduced the requirement for statutory role holders to be employees of the coal mine operator entity with an 18-month transition period ending November 25, 2022.
Industrial Relations. A national industrial relations system, the Fair Work Act and National Employment Standards, administered by the federal government applies to all employers and employees. The matters regulated under the national system include general employment conditions, unfair dismissal, enterprise bargaining, bullying claims, industrial action and resolution of workplace disputes. Most of the hourly workers employed in the Company’s mines are also covered by the Black Coal Mining Industry Award and company specific enterprise agreements approved under the national system.
National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (NGER Act). The NGER Act imposes requirements for corporations meeting a certain threshold to register and report greenhouse gas emissions and abatement actions, as well as energy production and consumption as part of a single, national reporting system. The Clean Energy Regulator administers the NGER Act. The federal Department of Environment and Energy is responsible for NGER Act-related policy developments and review.
On July 1, 2016, amendments to the NGER Act implemented the Emissions Reduction Fund Safeguard Mechanism. From that date, large designated facilities such as coal mines were issued with a baseline for their covered emissions and must take steps to keep their emissions at or below the baseline or face penalties.
The National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Safeguard Mechanism) Rule 2015 outlines key elements of a responsible emitter’s duty to avoid an excess emissions situation and provides detail on how it can meet that requirement. The rule was amended between 2019 and 2021 to transition responsible emitters to new baseline setting arrangements. From the start of the 2020-21 compliance year, baselines must use prescribed production variables (an example being run of mine coal) and default emissions intensity values (being values set by the government to represent the industry average emissions intensity of production over five years) unless specific exemptions apply (such as a facility having site-specific values set).
On January 10, 2023, the Australian federal government released its Safeguard Mechanism Reforms Position Paper setting out the proposed changes to the emissions reduction regime. The reforms will commence on July 1, 2023 utilizing site specific baseline emissions as benchmarks for year-on-year improvement (proposed to be 4.9% each year to 2030) before transitioning to industry average emissions benchmarks by 2030. Proponents will earn tradeable credits (Safeguard Mechanism Credits) when emissions are below their baselines or can purchase credits to offset emissions. Access to existing Australian Carbon Credit Units will continue unchanged albeit with a price ceiling of $75 Australian dollars per tonne of CO2 in 2023-24, increasing with the Consumer Price Index plus 2% each year. After further consultation, the Australian government aims to finalize the legislative amendments to implement the Safeguard Mechanism reforms by April 2023. The potential impact of these reforms to Peabody’s Australian operations is under review.
Queensland Royalty. As part of the Queensland government’s 2019-20 budget, the government committed to freeze royalty rates on coal and minerals for three years, provided companies voluntarily contributed to a Resource Community Infrastructure Fund (the Fund) over this three-year period. The government contributed $30 million Australian dollars towards the Fund, with companies voluntarily contributing $70 million Australian dollars. Peabody’s contribution to the Fund was approximately $457,000 Australian dollars for the 2021-22 financial year, $522,000 Australian dollars for the 2020-21 financial year and $713,000 Australian dollars for the 2019-20 financial year.
On and from July 1, 2022, the Queensland government introduced three new royalty tiers for coal produced and sold from the state. The new tier rates are 20% for the portion of prices above $175 Australian dollars per tonne; 30% for the portion of prices above $225 Australian dollars per tonne; and a 40% tier for the portion of prices above $300 Australian dollars per tonne. Previously, the maximum royalty rate was 15% of the value of the coal sold above $150 Australian dollars per tonne. The change follows a three-year freeze on royalty rates for coal in the state. Through December 31, 2022, the Company paid additional royalties of $69.9 million Australian dollars as a result of the new rates. The increased rate structure may impact the Company’s future decisions about its Queensland operations.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
New South Wales Royalty. In New South Wales, the royalty applicable to coal is charged as a percentage of the value of production (total revenue less allowable deductions). This is equal to 6.2% for deep underground mines (coal extracted at depths greater than 400 meters below ground surface), 7.2% for underground mines and 8.2% for open-cut mines.
Sydney Water Catchment Areas. In November 2017, the New South Wales government established an independent expert panel (Panel) to advise the Department of Planning and Environment (DPE) on the impact of underground mining activities in Sydney’s water catchment areas, including at the Company’s Metropolitan Mine. The Panel issued its final report in October 2019, which made findings and recommendations concerning mining activities and effects across the catchment as a whole.
In response to the Panel’s recommendations, in 2020 the DPE established an interagency taskforce to implement a detailed action plan which includes: ensuring there is a net gain for the metropolitan water supply by requiring more offsetting from mining companies; establishing a new independent expert panel (Independent Advisory Panel) to advise on future mining applications in the catchment; strengthening surface and groundwater monitoring; improving access to and transparency of environmental data; adopting a more stringent approach to the assessment and conditioning of future mining proposals to minimize subsidence impacts; reviewing and updating current and potential future water losses from mining in line with the best available science; introducing a licensing regime to properly account for any water losses; and undertaking further research into mine closure planning to reduce potential long-term impacts.
When requested by the DPE, the Independent Advisory Panel is available to provide informed technical advice to the DPE or the Independent Planning Commission in relation to development applications and post-approval matters relating to the assessment and management of subsidence impacts associated with underground mining across NSW, with a particular focus on risks to the quantity of water in the catchment. The Independent Advisory Panel is comprised of an independent chair and experts in the fields of mining engineering and subsidence, surface water, groundwater and swamp hydrology and ecology. Advice that may be provided by the Independent Advisory Panel may include, but is not confined to, risks to the total water quantity and holding capacity of surface and groundwater systems, including swamps and reservoirs, and the types and reliability of methodologies used to predict, monitor, assess and report on mining effects, impacts and consequences.
Risks Related to Global Climate Change
Peabody recognizes that climate change is occurring and that human activity, including the use of fossil fuels, contributes to GHG emissions. The Company’s largest contribution to GHG emissions occurs indirectly, through the coal used by its customers in the generation of electricity and the production of steel (Scope 3). To a lesser extent, the Company directly and indirectly contributes to GHG emissions from various aspects of its mining operations, including from the use of electrical power and combustible fuels, as well as from the fugitive methane emissions associated with coal mines and stockpiles (Scopes 1 and 2).
Peabody’s board of directors and management believe that coal is essential to affordable, reliable energy and will continue to play a significant role in the global energy mix for the foreseeable future. Peabody views technology as vital to advancing global climate change solutions, and the Company supports advanced coal technologies to drive continuous improvement toward the ultimate goal of net-zero emissions from coal.
The board of directors has ultimate oversight for climate-related risk and opportunity assessments, and has delegated certain aspects of these assessments to subject matter committees of the board. In addition, the board and its committees are provided regular updates on major risks and changes, including climate-related matters. The senior management team champions the strategic objectives set forth by the board of directors and Peabody’s global workforce turns those objectives into meaningful actions.
Management believes that the Company’s external communications, including environmental regulatory filings and public notices, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filings, its annual Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Report, its website and various other stakeholder-focused publications provide a comprehensive picture of the Company’s material risks and progress. All such communications are subject to oversight and review protocols established by Peabody’s board of directors and executive leadership team.
The Company faces risks from both the global transition to a net-zero emissions economy and the potential physical impacts of climate change. Such risks may involve financial, policy, legal, technological, reputational and other impacts as the Company meets various mitigation and adaptation requirements.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The transition to a net-zero emissions economy is driven by many factors, including, but not limited to, legislative and regulatory rulemaking processes, campaigns undertaken by non-governmental organizations to minimize or eliminate the use of coal as a source of electricity generation, and the ESG-related policies of financial institutions and other private companies. The Company has experienced, or may in the future experience, negative effects on its results of operations due to the following specific risks as a result of such factors:
•Reduced utilization or closure of existing coal-fired electricity generating plants;
•Electricity generators switching from coal to alternative fuels, when feasible;
•Increased costs associated with regulatory compliance;
•Unfavorable impact of regulatory compliance on supply and demand fundamentals, such as limitations on financing or construction of new coal-fueled power stations;
•Uncertainty and inconsistency in rulemaking processes related to periodic governmental administrative and policy changes;
•Unfavorable costs of capital and access to financial markets and products due to the policies of financial institutions;
•Disruption to operations or markets due to anti-coal activism and litigation; and
•Reputational damage associated with involvement in GHG emissions.
With respect to the potential or actual physical impacts of climate change, the Company has identified the following specific risks:
•Disruption to water supplies vital to mining operations;
•Disruption to transportation and other supply chain activities;
•Damage to the Company’s, customers’ or suppliers’ plant and equipment, or third-party infrastructure, resulting from weather events or changes in environmental trends and conditions; and
•Electrical grid failures and power outages.
While the Company faces numerous risks associated with the transition to a net-zero emissions economy and the physical impacts of climate change, certain opportunities may also emerge, such as:
•Heightened emphasis among multiple stakeholders to develop high-efficiency, low-emissions (HELE) technologies and CCUS technologies;
•Increased steel demand related to construction and other infrastructure projects related to climate change concerns; and
•The relative expense and reliability of renewable energy sources compared to coal may encourage support for balanced-source energy policies and regulations.
Global climate issues continue to attract public and scientific attention. Numerous reports, such as the Fourth and the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, have also engendered concern about the impacts of human activity, especially fossil fuel combustion, on global climate issues. In turn, increasing government attention is being paid to global climate issues and to GHG emissions, including emissions of carbon dioxide from coal combustion by power plants. There have been significant developments in federal and state legislation and regulation and international accords regarding climate change. Such developments are described below in the section “Regulations Related to Global Climate Change” within this Item 1.
The enactment of future laws or the passage of regulations regarding emissions from the use of coal by the U.S., some of its states or other countries, or other actions to limit such emissions, could result in electricity generators switching from coal to other fuel sources. Further, policies limiting available financing for the development of new coal-fueled power stations could adversely impact the global demand for coal in the future. The potential financial impact on Peabody of such future laws, regulations or other policies will depend upon the degree to which any such laws or regulations force electricity generators to diminish their reliance on coal as a fuel source. That, in turn, will depend on a number of factors, including the specific requirements imposed by any such laws, regulations or other policies, the time periods over which those laws, regulations or other policies would be phased in, the state of development and deployment of CCUS technologies as well as acceptance of CCUS technologies to meet regulations and the alternative uses for coal. Higher-efficiency coal-fired power plants may also be an option for meeting laws or regulations related to emissions from coal use. Several countries, including major coal users such as China, India and Japan, included using higher-efficiency coal-fueled power plants in their plans under the Paris Agreement. The Company believes HELE and CCUS technologies should be part of the solution to achieve substantial reductions in GHG emissions and should be broadly supported and encouraged, including through eligibility for public funding from national and international sources. In addition, CCUS merits targeted deployment incentives, like those provided to other low-emission sources of energy.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
From time to time, the Company’s board of directors and management attempt to analyze the potential impact on the Company of as-yet-unadopted, potential laws, regulations and policies. Such analyses require significant assumptions as to the specific provisions of such potential laws, regulations and policies which sometimes show that if implemented in the manner assumed by the analyses, the potential laws, regulations and policies could result in material adverse impacts on the Company’s operations, financial condition or cash flows. Such analyses cannot be relied upon to reasonably predict the quantitative impact that future laws, regulations or other policies may have on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Regulations Related to Global Climate Change
In the U.S., Congress has considered legislation addressing global climate issues and GHG emissions, but to date, no new comprehensive, regulatory legislation has been signed into law. The U.S. Congress, however, has approved legislation, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, that will provide substantial tax incentives, grants and loan guarantees for energy infrastructure, solar panels, wind turbines, nuclear and geothermal energy, hydrogen projects and carbon capture and storage. While it is possible that the U.S. will adopt additional climate legislation in the future, the timing and specific requirements of any such legislation are uncertain.
The EPA has also undertaken several steps to regulate GHG emissions under existing law, primarily the CAA. In response to the 2007 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA, the EPA commenced several rulemaking projects as described under “Regulatory Matters - U.S.” The EPA has indicated that it will continue these efforts and proceed with new regulations affecting GHG emissions from fossil fuel-fired electric generation, methane emissions from oil and gas production and carbon emissions from light and heavy-duty vehicles.
At the same time, a number of states in the U.S. have adopted programs to regulate GHG emissions. For example, 10 northeastern states (Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont) entered into the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in 2005, and Pennsylvania joined in 2022. RGGI is a mandatory cap-and-trade program to cap regional carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. Six mid-western states (Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin) and one Canadian province have entered into the Midwestern Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord (MGGRA) to establish voluntary regional greenhouse gas reduction targets and develop a voluntary multi-sector cap-and-trade system to help meet the targets. It has been reported that, while the MGGRA has not been formally suspended, the participating states are no longer pursuing it. Seven western states (Arizona, California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington) and four Canadian provinces entered into the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) in 2008 to establish a voluntary regional greenhouse gas reduction goal and develop market-based strategies to achieve emissions reductions. However, in November 2011, the WCI announced that six states had withdrawn from the WCI, leaving California and four Canadian provinces as the remaining members. Of those five jurisdictions, only California and Quebec have adopted greenhouse gas cap-and-trade regulations to date and both programs have begun operating. Many of the states and provinces that left WCI, RGGI and MGGRA, along with many that continue to participate, have joined the new North America 2050 initiative, which seeks to reduce GHG emissions and create economic opportunities in ways not limited to cap-and-trade programs.
Several other U.S. states have enacted legislation establishing GHG emissions reduction goals or requirements. In addition, several states have enacted legislation or have in effect regulations requiring electricity suppliers to use renewable energy sources to generate a certain percentage of power or that provide financial incentives to electricity suppliers for using renewable energy sources. Some states have initiated public utility proceedings that may establish values for carbon emissions.
Increasingly, both foreign and domestic banks, insurance companies and large investors are curtailing or ending their financial relationships with fossil fuel-related companies. This has had adverse impacts on the liquidity and operations of coal producers.
Peabody participated in the Department of Energy’s Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program until its suspension in May 2011, and the Company regularly discloses information regarding its production-related emissions in its annual ESG Report. The vast majority of the Company’s emissions are generated by the operation of heavy machinery to extract and transport material at its mines and fugitive emissions from the extraction of coal.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in December 1997 by the signatories to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), established a binding set of GHG emission targets for developed nations. The U.S. signed the Kyoto Protocol but it has never been ratified by the U.S. Senate. Australia ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2007 and became a full member in March 2008. There were discussions to develop a treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol after the expiration of its commitment period in 2012, including at the UNFCCC conferences in Cancun (2010), Durban (2011), Doha (2012) and Paris (2015). At the Durban conference, an ad hoc working group was established to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the UNFCCC, applicable to all parties. At the Doha meeting, an amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, which included new commitments for certain parties in a second commitment period, from 2013 to 2020. In December 2012, Australia signed on to the second commitment period. During the UNFCCC conference in Paris, France in late 2015, an agreement was adopted calling for voluntary emissions reductions contributions after the second commitment period ends in 2020 (the Paris Agreement). The agreement was entered into force on November 4, 2016 after ratification and execution by more than 55 countries, including Australia, that account for at least 55% of global GHG emissions. On January 20, 2021, the U.S. reentered the Paris Agreement by accepting the agreement and all of its articles and clauses, after having announced its withdrawal from the agreement in November 2019.
In June 2022, the new Australian federal government announced plans to legislate for a 43% reduction in Australia’s GHG emissions by 2030 and to introduce changes by mid-2023 that will require heavy emitting companies producing more than 100,000 tonnes of carbon emissions annually to accelerate their emissions reduction activities. On September 13, 2022, the Australian government passed the Climate Change Act 2022 to set the GHG emissions reduction targets into law.
On January 10, 2023, the Australian federal government released its Safeguard Mechanism Reforms Position Paper setting out the proposed changes to the emissions reduction regime (legislated through the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth)). Refer to the section “Regulatory Matters - Australia” within this Item 1 for discussion of the proposed reform.
Available Information
Peabody files or furnishes annual, quarterly and current reports (including any exhibits or amendments to those reports), proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These materials are available free of charge through the Company’s website (www.peabodyenergy.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information included on the Company’s website does not constitute part of this document. These materials may also be accessed through the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov).
In addition, copies of the Company’s filings will be made available, free of charge, upon request by telephone at (314) 342-7900 or by mail at: Peabody Energy Corporation, Peabody Plaza, 701 Market Street, St. Louis, Missouri 63101-1826, attention: Investor Relations.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The Company operates in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks. The following discussion highlights some of these risks and others are discussed elsewhere in this report. These and other risks could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, prospects, operating results or cash flows. The following risk factors are not an exhaustive list of the risks associated with the Company’s business. New factors may emerge or changes to these risks could occur that could materially affect its business.
Risks Associated with Peabody’s Operations
The Company’s profitability depends upon the prices it receives for its coal.
The Company operates in a competitive and highly regulated industry that has at times experienced strong headwinds. Current pricing levels of both seaborne and domestic coal products may not be sustainable in the future. Declines in coal prices could materially and adversely affect the Company’s operating results and profitability and the value of its coal reserves and resources.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Coal prices are dependent upon factors beyond the Company’s control, including:
•the demand for electricity and capacity utilization of electricity generating units (whether coal or non-coal);
•changes in the fuel consumption and dispatch patterns of electric power generators, whether based on economic or non-economic factors;
•the proximity, capacity and cost of transportation and terminal facilities;
•competition with and the availability, quality and price of coal and alternative fuels, including natural gas, fuel oil, nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, biomass and solar power;
•governmental regulations and taxes, including tariffs or other trade restrictions as well as those establishing air emission standards for coal-fueled power plants or mandating or subsidizing increased use of electricity from renewable energy sources;
•the strength of the global economy;
•the global supply and production costs of thermal and metallurgical coal;
•the demand for steel, which may lead to price fluctuations in the monthly and quarterly repricing of the Company’s metallurgical coal contracts;
•weather patterns, severe weather and natural disasters;
•regulatory, administrative and judicial decisions, including those affecting future mining permits and leases;
•competing technologies used to make steel, some of which do not use coal as a manufacturing input, such as electric arc furnaces; and
•technological developments, including those related to alternative energy sources, those intended to convert coal-to-liquids or gas and those aimed at capturing, using and storing carbon dioxide.
Thermal coal accounted for the majority of the Company’s coal sales by volume during 2022 and 2021, with the vast majority of these sales to electric power generators. The demand for coal consumed for electric power generation is affected by many of the factors described above, but primarily by (i) the overall demand for electricity; (ii) the availability, quality and price of competing fuels, such as natural gas, nuclear, fuel oil and alternative energy sources; (iii) utilization of all electricity generating units (whether using coal or not), including the relative cost of producing electricity from multiple fuels, including coal; (iv) stringent environmental and other governmental regulations; (v) other sociopolitical views on coal; and (vi) the coal inventories of utilities. Gas-fueled generation has displaced and could continue to displace coal-fueled generation (particularly from older, less efficient coal-fueled generation units) as current and potentially increasing regulatory costs and other factors impact the operating decisions of electric power generators. In addition, some electric power generators have made decisions to close coal-fueled generation units given ongoing pressure to shift away from coal generation. Many of the new power plants in the U.S. may be fueled by natural gas because gas-fired plants have been less expensive to construct, permits to construct these plants are easier to obtain based on emissions profiles and electric power generators may face public and governmental pressure to generate a larger portion of their electricity from natural gas-fueled units and alternative energy sources. Increasingly stringent regulations along with stagnant electricity demand in recent years have also reduced the number of new power plants being built. In recent years, these trends have reduced demand for the Company’s coal and the related prices. Lower demand for coal consumed by electric power generators could reduce the volume of thermal coal that the Company sells and the prices that it receives for the thermal coal, thereby reducing its revenue and adversely impacting its earnings and the value of its coal reserves and resources.
The Company produces metallurgical coal that is used in the global steel industry. Metallurgical coal accounted for approximately 32% and 22% of its revenue in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Changes in governmental policies and regulations and changes in the steel industry, including the demand for steel, could reduce the demand for the Company’s metallurgical coal. Lower demand for metallurgical coal in international markets could reduce the amount of metallurgical coal that the Company sells and the prices that it receives for the metallurgical coal, thereby reducing its revenue and adversely impacting its earnings and the value of its coal reserves and resources.
The balance between coal demand and supply, factoring in demand and supply of closely related and competing fuel sources, both domestically and internationally, could materially reduce coal prices and therefore materially reduce the Company’s revenue and profitability. The Company competes with other fuel sources used for electricity generation, such as natural gas, nuclear and renewables. The Company’s seaborne products compete with other producers as well as other fuel sources. Declines in the price of natural gas could cause demand for coal to decrease and adversely affect the price of coal. Sustained periods of low natural gas prices or low prices for other fuels may also cause utilities to phase out or close existing coal-fueled power plants or reduce construction of new coal-fueled power plants. In the U.S., no new coal-fueled power plants are being constructed or reopened after closure. These closures could have a material adverse effect on demand and prices for the Company’s coal, thereby reducing its revenue and materially and adversely affecting its business and results of operations.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
If a substantial number of the Company’s long-term coal supply agreements, including those with its largest customers, terminate, or if the pricing, volumes or other elements of those agreements materially adjust, its revenue and operating profits could suffer if the Company is unable to find alternate buyers willing to purchase its coal on comparable terms to those in its contracts.
Most of the Company’s sales are made under coal supply agreements, which are important to the stability and profitability of its operations. The execution of a satisfactory coal supply agreement is frequently the basis on which the Company undertakes the development of coal reserves and resources required to be supplied under the contract, particularly in the U.S. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company derived 28% of its revenue from coal supply agreements from its five largest customers. Those five customers were supplied primarily from 16 coal supply agreements (excluding trading and brokerage transactions) expiring at various times from 2023 to 2025.
Many of the Company’s coal supply agreements contain provisions that permit the parties to adjust the contract price upward or downward at specified times. The Company may adjust these contract prices based on inflation or deflation, price indices and/or changes in the factors affecting the cost of producing coal, such as taxes, fees, royalties and changes in the laws regulating the mining, production, sale or use of coal. In a limited number of contracts, failure of the parties to agree on a price under those provisions may allow either party to terminate the contract. The Company may experience reductions in coal prices in new long-term coal supply agreements replacing some of its expiring contracts. Coal supply agreements also typically contain force majeure provisions allowing temporary suspension of performance by the Company or the customer during the duration of specified events beyond the control of the affected party. Some coal supply agreements allow customers to vary the volumes of coal that they are required to purchase during a particular period, and where coal supply agreements do not explicitly allow such variation, customers sometimes request that the Company amend the agreements to allow for such variation. Most of its coal supply agreements contain provisions requiring the Company to deliver coal meeting quality thresholds for certain characteristics such as Btu, sulfur content, ash content, volatile matter, coking properties, grindability and ash fusion temperature. Failure to meet these specifications could result in economic penalties, including price adjustments, the rejection of deliveries or termination of the contracts. Moreover, some of these agreements allow the Company’s customers to terminate their contracts in the event of changes in regulations affecting the coal industry that restrict the use or type of coal permissible at the customer’s plant or increase the price of coal beyond specified limits.
On an ongoing basis, the Company discusses the extension of existing agreements or entering into new long-term agreements with various customers, but these negotiations may not be successful and these customers may not continue to purchase coal from the Company under long-term supply agreements.
The operating profits the Company realizes from coal sold under supply agreements depend on a variety of factors. In addition, price adjustment and other contract provisions may increase its exposure to short-term coal price volatility. If a substantial portion of the Company’s coal supply agreements were modified or terminated, it could be materially adversely affected to the extent that it is unable to find alternate buyers for its coal at the same level of profitability. Prices for coal vary by mining region and country. As a result, the Company cannot predict the future strength of the coal industry overall or by mining region and cannot provide assurance that it will be able to replace existing long-term coal supply agreements at the same prices or with similar profit margins when they expire. In addition, the Company’s revenue could be adversely affected by a decline in customer purchases (including contractually obligated purchases) due to lack of demand and oversupply, cost of competing fuels and environmental and other governmental regulations.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Risks inherent to mining could increase the cost of operating the Company’s business, and events and conditions that could occur during the course of its mining operations could have a material adverse impact on the Company.
The Company’s mining operations are subject to conditions that can impact the safety of its workforce, delay coal deliveries or increase the cost of mining at particular mines for varying lengths of time. These conditions include:
•elevated gas levels;
•fires and explosions, including from methane gas or coal dust;
•accidental mine water discharges;
•weather, flooding and natural disasters;
•hazardous events such as roof falls and high wall or tailings dam failures;
•seismic activities, ground failures, rock bursts or structural cave-ins or slides;
•key equipment failures;
•supply chain constraints or unavailability of equipment or parts;
•variations in coal seam thickness, coal quality, the amount of rock and soil overlying coal deposits and geologic conditions impacting mine sequencing;
•delays in moving its longwall equipment;
•unexpected maintenance problems; and
•unforeseen delays in implementation of mining technologies that are new to its operations.
The Company maintains insurance policies that provide limited coverage for some of the risks referenced above, which may lessen the impact associated with these risks. However, there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of recovery under its insurance policies in connection with losses associated with these risks.
The Company’s take-or-pay arrangements could unfavorably affect its profitability.
The Company has substantial take-or-pay arrangements with its port access and rail transportation providers, predominately in Australia, totaling $1.4 billion, with terms ranging up to 20 years, that commit the Company to pay a minimum amount for the delivery of coal even if those commitments go unused. The take-or-pay provisions in these contracts sometimes allow the Company to apply amounts paid for subsequent deliveries, but these provisions have limitations and the Company may not be able to apply all such amounts so paid in all cases. Also, the Company may not be able to utilize the amount of capacity for which it has previously paid. Additionally, the Company may continue to deliver coal during times when it might otherwise be optimal to suspend operations because these take-or-pay provisions effectively convert a variable cost of selling coal to a fixed operating cost.
The Company may not recover its investments in its mining, exploration and other assets, which may require the Company to recognize impairment charges related to those assets.
The value of the Company’s assets have from time to time been adversely affected by numerous uncertain factors, some of which are beyond its control, including unfavorable changes in the economic environments in which it operates; declining coal-fired electricity generation; lower-than-expected coal pricing; technical and geological operating difficulties; an inability to economically extract its coal reserves and resources; and unanticipated increases in operating costs. These factors may trigger the recognition of additional impairment charges in the future, which could have a substantial impact on the Company’s results of operations.
Because of the volatile and cyclical nature of coal markets, it is reasonably possible that the Company’s current estimates of projected future cash flows from its mining assets may change in the near term, which may result in the need for adjustments to the carrying value of its assets.
The Company’s ability to operate effectively could be impaired if it loses key personnel or fails to attract qualified personnel.
Peabody manages its business with a number of key personnel, the loss of whom could have a material adverse effect on the Company, absent the completion of an orderly transition. In addition, the Company believes that its future success will depend greatly on its continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified personnel in tight labor markets, particularly personnel with mining experience. Peabody cannot provide assurance that key personnel will continue to be employed by the Company or that it will be able to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future. Failure to retain or attract key personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company could be negatively affected if it fails to maintain satisfactory labor relations.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately 5,500 employees (excluding employees that were employed at operations classified as discontinued), which included approximately 4,300 hourly employees. The Company is party to labor agreements with various labor unions that represent certain of its employees. Such labor agreements are negotiated periodically, and, therefore, the Company is subject to the risk that these agreements may not be able to be renewed on reasonably satisfactory terms. Approximately 34% of its hourly employees were represented by organized labor unions and generated approximately 16% of its coal production for the year ended December 31, 2022. Relations with its employees and, where applicable, organized labor are important to the Company’s success. If some or all of its current non-union operations were to become unionized, the Company could incur an increased risk of work stoppages, reduced productivity and higher labor costs. Also, if the Company fails to maintain good relations or successfully negotiate contracts with its employees who are represented by unions, the Company could potentially experience labor disputes, strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns or other disruptions in production that could negatively impact its profitability.
The Company could be adversely affected if it fails to appropriately provide financial assurances for its obligations.
U.S. federal and state laws and Australian laws require the Company to provide financial assurances related to requirements to reclaim lands used for mining; to pay federal and state workers’ compensation, such as black lung liabilities; to provide financial assurances for coal lease obligations; and to satisfy other miscellaneous obligations. The primary methods the Company uses to meet those obligations are to provide a third-party surety bond or a letter of credit. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $1,376.8 million of outstanding surety bonds and $569.6 million of letters of credit with third parties in order to provide required financial assurances for post-mining reclamation, workers’ compensation and other insurance obligations, coal lease-related and other obligations and performance guarantees, in addition to collateral for sureties.
The Company’s financial assurance obligations may increase or become more costly due to a number of factors, and surety bonds and letters of credit may not be available to the Company, particularly in light of some banks and insurance companies’ announced unwillingness to support thermal coal producers and other fossil fuel companies. Alternative forms of financial assurance such as self-bonding have been severely restricted or terminated in most of the regions where its mines reside. The Company’s failure to retain, or inability to obtain, surety bonds, bank guarantees or letters of credit, or to provide a suitable alternative, could have a material adverse effect on it. That failure could result from a variety of factors including:
•lack of availability, higher expense or unfavorable market terms of new surety bonds, bank guarantees or letters of credit;
•inability to provide or fund collateral for current and future third-party issuers of surety bonds, bank guarantees or letters of credit; and
•lack of available fronting banks in certain countries where the Company must provide financial assurances but its primary surety providers are not licensed or admitted.
As further described in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in November 2020, the Company entered into a surety transaction support agreement with the providers of its surety bond portfolio. The Company’s failure to provide adequate collateral, or abide by other terms in the agreement, could invalidate the agreement and materially and adversely affect its business and results of operations.
The Company’s failure to maintain adequate bonding would invalidate its mining permits and prevent mining operations from continuing, which could result in its inability to continue as a going concern.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company’s mining operations are extensively regulated, which imposes significant costs on it, and future regulations and developments could increase those costs or limit its ability to produce coal.
The coal mining industry is subject to regulation by federal, state and local authorities with respect to matters such as:
•workplace health and safety;
•limitations on land use;
•mine permitting and licensing requirements;
•reclamation and restoration of mining properties after mining is completed;
•the storage, treatment and disposal of wastes;
•remediation of contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater;
•air quality standards;
•water pollution;
•protection of human health, plant-life and wildlife, including endangered or threatened species and habitats;
•protection of wetlands;
•the discharge of materials into the environment; and
•the effects of mining on surface water and groundwater quality and availability.
Regulatory agencies have the authority under certain circumstances following significant health and safety incidents to order a mine to be temporarily or permanently closed. In the event that such agencies ordered the closing of one of the Company’s mines, its production and sale of coal would be disrupted and it may be required to incur cash outlays to re-open the mine. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
New legislation, regulations or orders related to the environment or employee health and safety may be adopted and may materially adversely affect the Company’s mining operations, its cost structure or its customers’ ability to use coal. New legislation or administrative regulations (or new interpretations by the relevant government of existing laws, regulations and approvals), including proposals related to the protection of the environment or the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that would further regulate and tax the coal industry, may also require the Company or its customers to change operations significantly or incur increased costs. Some of the Company’s coal supply agreements contain provisions that allow a purchaser to terminate its contract if legislation is passed that either restricts the use or type of coal permissible at the purchaser’s plant or results in specified increases in the cost of coal or its use. These factors and legislation, if enacted, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
For additional information about the various regulations affecting the Company, see the sections entitled “Regulatory Matters -U.S.” and “Regulatory Matters - Australia.”
The Company’s operations may impact the environment or cause exposure to hazardous substances, and its properties may have environmental contamination, which could result in material liabilities to the Company.
The Company’s operations currently use hazardous materials and generate limited quantities of hazardous wastes from time to time. A number of laws, including CERCLA and RCRA in the U.S. and similar laws in other countries where the Company operates, impose liability relating to contamination by hazardous substances. Such liability may involve the costs of investigating or remediating contamination and damages to natural resources, as well as claims seeking to recover for property damage or personal injury caused by hazardous substances. Such liability may arise from conditions at formerly, as well as currently, owned or operated properties, and at properties to which hazardous substances have been sent for treatment, disposal or other handling. Liability under RCRA, CERCLA and similar state statutes is without regard to fault, and typically is joint and several, meaning that a person may be held responsible for more than its share, or even all, of the liability involved.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company may be unable to obtain, renew or maintain permits necessary for its operations, or the Company may be unable to obtain, renew or maintain such permits without conditions on the manner in which it runs its operations, which would reduce its production, cash flows and profitability.
Numerous governmental permits and approvals are required for mining operations. The permitting rules, and the interpretations of these rules, are complex, change frequently and are often subject to discretionary interpretations by regulators, all of which may make compliance more difficult or impractical. As part of this permitting process, when the Company applies for permits and approvals, it is required to prepare and present to governmental authorities data pertaining to the potential impact or effect that any proposed exploration for or production of coal may have upon the environment. The public, including non-governmental organizations, opposition groups and individuals, have statutory rights to comment upon and submit objections to requested permits and approvals (including modifications and renewals of certain permits and approvals) and otherwise engage in the permitting process, including bringing citizens’ lawsuits to challenge the issuance of permits, the validity of environmental impact statements or the performance of mining activities. In recent years, the permitting required for coal mining has been the subject of increasingly stringent regulatory and administrative requirements and extensive litigation by environmental groups.
Additionally, the Company’s operations may be affected by sites within or near mining areas that have cultural heritage significance to indigenous peoples, and its mining permits may be rescinded or modified, or its mining plans may be voluntarily adjusted, to mitigate against adverse impacts to such sites.
The costs, liabilities and requirements associated with these permitting requirements and any related opposition may be extensive and time-consuming and may delay commencement or continuation of exploration or production which would adversely affect the Company’s coal production, cash flows and profitability. Further, required permits may not be issued or renewed in a timely fashion or at all, or permits issued or renewed may be conditioned in a manner that may restrict the Company’s ability to efficiently and economically conduct its mining activities, any of which would materially reduce its production, cash flows and profitability.
Concerns about the impacts of coal combustion on global climate are increasingly leading to conditions that have affected and could continue to affect demand for the Company’s products or its securities and its ability to produce, including increased governmental regulation of coal combustion and unfavorable investment decisions by electricity generators.
Global climate issues continue to attract public and scientific attention. Numerous reports, including the Fourth and the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, have also engendered concern about the impacts of human activity, especially fossil fuel combustion, on global climate issues. In turn, increasing government attention is being paid to global climate issues and to emissions of greenhouse gases, including emissions of carbon dioxide from coal combustion by power plants.
The enactment of future laws or the passage of regulations regarding emissions from the use of coal by the U.S., some of its states or other countries, or other actions to limit such emissions, could result in electricity generators switching from coal to other fuel sources. Further, policies limiting available financing for the development of new coal-fueled power stations could adversely impact the global demand for coal in the future. The potential financial impact on Peabody of such future laws, regulations or other policies will depend upon the degree to which any such laws or regulations force electricity generators to diminish their reliance on coal as a fuel source. That, in turn, will depend on a number of factors, including the specific requirements imposed by any such laws, regulations or other policies, the time periods over which those laws, regulations or other policies would be phased in, the state of development and deployment of CCUS technologies as well as acceptance of CCUS technologies to meet regulations and the alternative uses for coal. Higher-efficiency coal-fired power plants may also be an option for meeting laws or regulations related to emissions from coal use. Several countries, including major coal users such as China, India and Japan, included using higher-efficiency coal-fueled power plants in their plans under the Paris Agreement.
From time to time, the Company’s board of directors and management attempt to analyze the potential impact on the Company of as-yet-unadopted, potential laws, regulations and policies. Such analyses require significant assumptions as to the specific provisions of such potential laws, regulations and policies which sometimes show that if implemented in the manner assumed by the analyses, the potential laws, regulations and policies could result in material adverse impacts on the Company’s operations, financial condition or cash flows. Such analyses cannot be relied upon to reasonably predict the quantitative impact that future laws, regulations or other policies may have on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Numerous activist groups are devoting substantial resources to anti-coal activities to minimize or eliminate the use of coal as a source of electricity generation, domestically and internationally, thereby further reducing the demand and pricing for coal, and potentially materially and adversely impacting the Company’s future financial results, liquidity and growth prospects.
Several non-governmental organizations have undertaken campaigns to minimize or eliminate the use of coal as a source of electricity generation in the U.S. and across the globe. In an effort to stop or delay coal mining activities, activist groups have brought lawsuits challenging the issuance of individual coal leases and challenging the federal coal leasing program more broadly. Other lawsuits challenge historical and pending regulatory approvals, permits and processes that are necessary to conduct coal mining operations or to operate coal-fueled power plants, including so-called “sue and settle” lawsuits where regulatory authorities in the past have reached private agreements with environmental activists that often involve additional regulatory restrictions or processes being implemented without formal rulemaking.
The effect of these and other similar developments has made it more costly and difficult to maintain the Company’s business. These cost increases and/or substantial or extended declines in the prices the Company receives for its coal due to these or other factors could reduce its revenue and profitability, cash flows, liquidity, and value of its coal reserves and resources, and could result in material losses.
The Company’s trading and hedging activities do not cover certain risks and may expose it to earnings volatility and other risks.
In addition to coal price volatility, the Company is currently subject to price volatility on diesel fuel utilized in its mining operations and the Australian dollar. The Company has entered into certain hedging arrangements to address these risks, and may continue in the future to enter into hedging arrangements, including economic hedging arrangements, to manage these risks or other exposures. Since the Company’s existing hedging arrangements do not receive cash flow hedge accounting treatment, all changes in fair value are reflected in current earnings.
Some of these hedging arrangements may require the Company to post margin based on the value of the related instruments and other credit factors. If the fair value of its hedge portfolio moves significantly, or if laws, regulations or exchange rules are passed requiring all hedge arrangements to be exchange-traded or exchange-cleared, the Company could be required to post additional margin, which could negatively impact its liquidity.
If the assumptions underlying the Company’s asset retirement obligations for reclamation and mine closures are materially inaccurate, its costs could be significantly greater than anticipated.
The Company’s asset retirement obligations primarily consist of spending estimates for surface land reclamation and support facilities at both surface and underground mines in accordance with federal and state reclamation laws in the U.S. and Australia as defined by each mining permit. These obligations are determined for each mine using various estimates and assumptions including, among other items, estimates of disturbed acreage as determined from engineering data, estimates of future costs to reclaim the disturbed acreage and the timing of these cash flows, which is driven by the estimated economic life of the mine and the applicable reclamation laws. These cash flows are discounted using a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate. The Company’s management and engineers periodically review these estimates. If its assumptions do not materialize as expected, actual cash expenditures and costs that the Company incurs could be materially different than currently estimated. Moreover, regulatory changes could increase the Company’s obligation to perform reclamation, mine closing and post-closure activities. The resulting estimated asset retirement obligation could change significantly if actual amounts change significantly from its assumptions, which could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations and financial condition.
The Company’s future success depends upon its ability to continue acquiring and developing coal reserves and resources that are economically recoverable.
The Company’s recoverable reserves and resources decline as it produces coal. The Company has not yet applied for the permits required or developed the mines necessary to use all of its reserves and resources. Moreover, the amount of coal reserves and resources described in Part I, Item 2. “Properties” involves the use of certain estimates and those estimates could be inaccurate. Actual production, revenue and expenditures with respect to its coal reserves and resources may vary materially from estimates.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company’s future success depends upon it conducting successful exploration and development activities or acquiring properties containing economically recoverable reserves and resources. The Company’s current strategy includes increasing its reserves and resources through acquisitions of government and other leases and producing properties and continuing to use its existing properties and infrastructure. In certain locations, leases for oil, natural gas and coalbed methane reserves are located on, or adjacent to, some of the Company’s reserves and resources, potentially creating conflicting interests between it and lessees of those interests. Other lessees’ rights relating to these mineral interests could prevent, delay or increase the cost of developing the Company’s coal reserves and resources. These lessees may also seek damages from the Company based on claims that its coal mining operations impair their interests. Additionally, the U.S. federal government limits the amount of federal land that may be leased by any company to 75,000 acres in any one state and 150,000 acres nationwide. As of December 31, 2022, the Company leased a total of 44,287 acres from the federal government subject to those limitations.
The Company’s planned mine development projects and acquisition activities may not result in significant additional reserves and resources, and it may not have success developing additional mines. Most of its mining operations are conducted on properties owned or leased by the Company. Its right to mine some of its reserves and resources may be materially adversely affected if defects in title or boundaries exist. In order to conduct its mining operations on properties where these defects exist, the Company may incur unanticipated costs. In addition, in order to develop its reserves and resources, the Company must also own the rights to the related surface property and receive various governmental permits. The Company cannot predict whether it will continue to receive the permits or appropriate land access necessary for it to operate profitably in the future. The Company may not be able to negotiate or secure new leases from the government or from private parties, obtain mining contracts for properties containing additional reserves and resources or maintain its leasehold interest in properties on which mining operations have not commenced or have not met minimum quantity or product royalty requirements. From time to time, the Company has experienced litigation with lessors of its coal properties and with royalty holders. In addition, from time to time, its permit applications and federal and state coal leases have been challenged, causing production delays.
To the extent that the Company’s existing sources of liquidity are not sufficient to fund its planned mine development projects or reserve and resource acquisition activities, it may require access to capital markets, which may not be available to it or, if available, may not be available on satisfactory terms. If the Company is unable to fund these activities, it may not be able to maintain or increase its existing production rates and could be forced to change its business strategy, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company faces numerous uncertainties in estimating its coal reserves and resources and inaccuracies in its estimates could result in lower than expected revenue, higher than expected costs and decreased profitability.
Coal is economically recoverable when the price at which the Company’s coal can be sold exceeds the costs and expenses of mining and selling the coal. The costs and expenses of mining and selling the coal are determined on a mine-by-mine basis, and as a result, the price at which its coal is economically recoverable varies based on the mine. Forecasts of the Company’s future performance are based on, among other things, estimates of its recoverable coal reserves and resources. The Company bases its reserve and resource information on engineering, economic and geological data assembled and analyzed by its staff and third parties, which includes various engineers and geologists. The Company's estimates are also subject to SEC regulations regarding classification of reserves and resources, including subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. The reserve and resource estimates as to both quantity and quality are updated from time to time to reflect production of coal from the reserves and resources and new drilling or other data received. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities and qualities of coal and costs to mine recoverable reserves and resources, including many factors beyond the Company’s control.
Estimates of economically recoverable coal reserves and resources necessarily depend upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, any one of which may, if incorrect, result in an estimate that varies considerably from actual results. These factors and assumptions include:
•geologic and mining conditions, which may not be fully identified by available exploration data and may differ from the Company’s experience in areas it currently mines;
•demand for coal;
•current and future market prices for coal, contractual arrangements, operating costs and capital expenditures;
•severance and excise taxes, royalties and development and reclamation costs;
•future mining technology improvements;
•the effects of regulation by governmental agencies;
•the ability to obtain, maintain and renew all required permits;
•employee health and safety; and
•historical production from the area compared with production from other producing areas.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The conversion of reported mineral resources to mineral reserves should not be assumed, and the reclassification of reported mineral resources from lower to higher levels of geological confidence should not be assumed. As such, actual coal tonnage recovered from identified reserve and resource areas or properties and revenue and expenditures with respect to the Company’s reserves and resources may vary materially from estimates. Thus, these estimates may not accurately reflect its actual reserves and resources. Any material inaccuracy in the Company’s estimates related to its reserves and resources could result in lower than expected revenue, higher than expected costs or decreased profitability which could materially and adversely affect its business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Joint ventures, partnerships or non-managed operations may not be successful and may not comply with the Company’s operating standards.
The Company participates in several joint venture and partnership arrangements and may enter into others, all of which necessarily involve risk. Whether or not the Company holds majority interests or maintains operational control in its joint ventures, its partners may, among other things, (1) have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with, or opposed to, the Company’s; (2) seek to block actions that the Company believes are in its or the joint venture’s best interests; or (3) be unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations under the joint venture or other agreements, such as contributing capital, each of which may adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and its liquidity or impair its ability to recover its investments.
Where the Company’s joint ventures are jointly controlled or not managed by it, the Company may provide expertise and advice but have limited control over compliance with its operational standards. The Company also utilizes contractors across its mining platform, and may be similarly limited in its ability to control their operational practices. Failure by non-controlled joint venture partners or contractors to adhere to operational standards that are equivalent to the Company’s could unfavorably affect safety results, operating costs and productivity and adversely impact its results of operations and reputation.
The Company’s expenditures for postretirement benefit obligations could be materially higher than it has predicted if its underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect.
The Company pays postretirement health and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees. Its total accumulated postretirement benefit obligation related to such benefits was a liability of $172.5 million as of December 31, 2022, of which $16.0 million was classified as a current liability.
These liabilities are actuarially determined. The Company uses various actuarial assumptions, including the discount rate, future cost trends, mortality tables, demographic assumptions and expected rates of return on plan assets to estimate the costs and obligations for these items. Its discount rate is determined by utilizing a hypothetical bond portfolio model which approximates the future cash flows necessary to service its liabilities. A decrease in the discount rate used to determine its postretirement benefit and defined benefit pension obligations could result in an increase in the valuation of these obligations, thereby increasing the cost in subsequent fiscal years. The Company has made assumptions related to future trends for medical care costs in the estimates of retiree health care obligations. Its medical trend assumption is developed by annually examining the historical trend of its cost per claim data. If the Company’s assumptions do not materialize as expected, actual cash expenditures and costs that it incurs could differ materially from its current estimates. Moreover, regulatory changes or changes in healthcare benefits provided by the government could increase its obligation to satisfy these or additional obligations. The Company develops its actuarial determinations of liabilities using actuarial mortality tables it believes best fit its population’s actual results. In deciding which mortality tables to use, the Company periodically reviews its population’s actual mortality experience and evaluates results against its current assumptions as well as consider recent mortality tables published by the Society of Actuaries Retirement Plans Experience Committee in order to select mortality tables for use in its year end valuations. If the Company’s mortality tables do not anticipate its population’s mortality experience as accurately as expected, actual cash expenditures and costs that the Company incurs could differ materially from its current estimates. Additionally, the Company’s reported defined benefit pension funding status may be affected, and it may be required to increase employer contributions, due to increases in its defined benefit pension obligation or poor financial performance in asset markets in future years.
Inflation could result in higher costs and decreased profitability
Recent inflation, increasing the cost of materials, labor, equipment, freight, fuel and other cost categories, has adversely impacted the Company and could be a sustained trend. The Company’s efforts to recover inflation-based cost increases from its customers may be hampered as a result of the structure of its contracts and the contract bidding process as well as the competitive industries, economic conditions and countries in which the Company operates. Accordingly, substantial inflation may result in a material adverse impact on the Company’s costs, profitability and financial results.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company estimates that the impact of inflation increased operating costs and expenses by approximately $230 million over the prior year.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected by pandemic or other widespread illnesses and the related effects on public health.
The Company’s operations are susceptible to widespread outbreaks of illness or other public health issues, such as the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Pandemic illnesses could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, including its ability to comply with restrictions and covenants under its debt and surety bonding obligations.
Governmental mandates and the Company’s efforts to act in the best interests of its employees, customers, suppliers, vendors and joint venture and other business partners, could affect its business and operations, causing the Company to modify a number of its normal business practices. Governmental mandates could require forced shutdowns of its mines and other facilities for extended or indefinite periods and widespread outbreaks in locations significant to its operations could adversely affect its workforce, resulting in serious health issues and absenteeism. In addition, pandemic illnesses could cause supply chain and distribution channels to be interrupted, slowed or rendered inoperable. If the Company’s operations were curtailed, it may need to seek alternate sources of supply for commodities, services and labor, which may be more expensive. Alternate sources may not be available or may result in delays in shipments to its customers. Further, if the Company’s customers’ businesses were similarly affected, they might delay, reduce or cancel purchases from the Company. Adverse changes in the general domestic and global economic conditions and disrupted domestic and international credit markets, could negatively affect its customers’ ability to pay the Company as well as its ability to access capital that could negatively affect its liquidity.
Despite its efforts to manage these potential impacts, their ultimate impact would also depend on factors beyond the Company’s knowledge or control, including the duration and severity of the pandemic as well as third-party actions taken to contain its spread and mitigate its public health effects. The Company could also face disruption to supply chain and distribution channels, potentially increasing costs of production, storage and distribution, and potential adverse effects to its workforce, each of which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Peabody is exposed to risks associated with political or international conflicts such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
Political or international conflicts can result in worldwide geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty, as has been the case with the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate impacts related to such conflicts. If a conflict continues for a significant time or expands to other countries, it could have adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, including but not limited to, turbulent coal pricing and trade flow disruptions resulting from sanctions imposed on coal imports; supply chain disruptions; increased costs; and decreased business spending. Furthermore, political or international conflicts could give rise to disruptions to Peabody or its business partners’ global technology infrastructure, including through cyber attack or cyber intrusion; adverse changes in international trade policies and relations; regulatory enforcement; Peabody’s ability to implement and execute its business strategy; terrorist activities; Peabody’s exposure to foreign currency fluctuations; and constraints, volatility, or disruption in the capital markets, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Peabody could be exposed to significant liability, reputational harm, loss of revenue, increased costs or other risks if it sustains cyber attacks or other security breaches that disrupt its operations or result in the dissemination of proprietary or confidential information about the Company, its customers or other third-parties.
Peabody has implemented security protocols and systems with the intent of maintaining the physical security of its operations and protecting the Company’s and its counterparties’ confidential information and information related to identifiable individuals against unauthorized access. Despite such efforts, the Company may be subject to security breaches which could result in unauthorized access to its facilities or the information it is trying to protect. Unauthorized physical access to one of the Company’s facilities or electronic access to its information systems could result in, among other things, unfavorable publicity, litigation by affected parties, damage to sources of competitive advantage, disruptions to its operations, loss of customers, financial obligations for damages related to the theft or misuse of such information and costs to remediate such security vulnerabilities, any of which could have a substantial impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company is subject to various general operating risks which may be fully or partially outside of its control.
The Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows could be adversely impacted by various general operating risks which may be fully or partially outside of its control. Such risks stem from internal and external sources and include:
•global economic recessions and/or credit market disruptions;
•deterioration of the creditworthiness of its customers or counterparties to financial instruments, and their ability to perform under contracts;
•inability of suppliers and other counterparties, including those related to transportation, contract mining, service provision, and coal trading and brokerage, to fulfil the terms of their contracts with the Company;
•decreases in the availability or increases in costs of key supplies, capital equipment or commodities such as diesel fuel, steel, explosives and tires;
•disruption to, or increased costs within, the transportation chain for coal, including rail, barge, trucking, overland conveyor, ports and ocean-going vessels;
•new or increased forms of taxation imposed by federal, state, provincial or local governmental authorities, including production taxes, sales-related taxes, royalties, environmental taxes, mining profits taxes and income taxes; and
•uncertainties associated with the Company’s global operating platform, including country and political risks, international regulatory requirements, and foreign currency rates.
Risks Related to Peabody’s Capital Structure
The terms of the agreements and instruments governing the Company’s debt and surety bonding obligations impose restrictions that may limit its operating and financial flexibility.
The agreements governing the Company’s debt and surety bonding obligations contain certain restrictions and covenants which restrict its ability to incur liens and/or debt or provide guarantees in respect of obligations of any other person and other restrictions, all of which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to operate its business, as well as significantly affect its liquidity, and therefore could adversely affect its results of operations.
These restrictions and covenants limit, among other things, the Company’s ability to:
•incur additional indebtedness;
•pay dividends on or make distributions in respect of stock or make certain other restricted payments, such as share repurchases;
•make capital or other investments;
•enter into agreements that restrict distributions from certain subsidiaries;
•sell or otherwise dispose of assets;
•use for general purposes the cash received from certain allowable asset sales or disposals;
•enter into transactions with affiliates;
•create or incur liens;
•merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of its assets; and
•receive dividends or other payments from subsidiaries in certain cases.
The Company’s ability to comply with these restrictions or covenants may be affected by events beyond its control and the Company may need to refinance existing debt in the future. A breach of any of these restrictions or covenants together with the expiration of any cure period, if applicable, could result in a default. If any such default occurs, subject to applicable grace periods, the holders of the Company’s indebtedness may elect to declare such indebtedness, together with accrued interest and other amounts payable thereunder, to be immediately due and payable. If such obligations were to be accelerated, the Company’s financial resources may be insufficient to repay the debt and any other obligations becoming due in full as a result of certain cross default provisions.
If the Company experiences a default under the terms of its debt or surety bonding obligations for any reason, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, complying with such terms may make it more difficult for the Company to successfully execute its business strategy and compete against companies who are not subject to such restrictions.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The number and quantity of viable financing and insurance alternatives available to the Company may be significantly impacted by unfavorable lending and investment policies by financial institutions and insurance companies associated with concerns about environmental impacts of coal combustion, and negative views around its efforts with respect to environmental and social matters and related governance considerations could harm the perception of the Company by a significant number of investors or result in the exclusion of its securities from consideration by those investors.
Certain banks, other financing sources and insurance companies have taken actions to limit available financing and insurance coverage for the development of new coal-fueled power plants and coal producers and utilities that derive a majority of their revenue from coal, and particularly from thermal coal. This may adversely impact the future global demand for coal. Increasingly, the actions of such financial institutions and insurance companies are informed by non-standardized “sustainability” scores, ratings and benchmarking studies provided by various organizations that assess environmental, social and governance matters. Further, there have been efforts in recent years by members of the general financial and investment communities, including investment advisors, sovereign wealth funds, public pension funds, universities and other institutional investors, to divest themselves and to promote the divestment of securities issued by companies involved in the fossil fuel extraction market, or that have low ratings or scores in studies and assessments of the type noted above, including coal producers. These entities also have been pressuring lenders to limit financing available to such companies.
These efforts may have adverse consequences, including, but not limited to:
•restricting the Company’s ability to access capital and financial markets in the future;
•reducing the demand and price for its equity securities;
•increasing the cost of borrowing;
•causing a decline in the Company’s credit ratings;
•reducing the availability, and/or increasing the cost of, third-party insurance;
•increasing the Company’s retention of risk through self-insurance;
•making it more difficult to obtain surety bonds, letters of credit, bank guarantees or other financing; and
•limiting the Company’s flexibility in business development activities such as mergers, acquisitions and divestitures.
Risks Related to Ownership of Peabody’s Securities
The price of Peabody’s securities may be volatile.
The price of Peabody’s common stock (Common Stock) may fluctuate due to a variety of market and industry factors that may materially reduce the market price of its Common Stock regardless of its operating performance, including, among others:
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in Peabody’s quarterly and annual results and those of other public companies in its industry;
•industry cycles and trends;
•mergers and strategic alliances in the coal industry;
•changes in government regulation;
•potential or actual military conflicts or acts of terrorism;
•the failure of securities analysts to publish research about Peabody or to accurately predict the results it actually achieves;
•changes in accounting principles;
•announcements concerning Peabody or its competitors;
•the purchase and sale of shares of its Common Stock by significant shareholders;
•lack of or excess of trading liquidity; and
•the general volatility of securities markets.
As a result of all of these factors, investors in Peabody’s Common Stock may not be able to resell their stock at or above the price they paid or at all. Further, Peabody could be the subject of securities class action litigation due to any such stock price volatility, which could divert management’s attention and have a material adverse effect on its results of operation.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Peabody’s Common Stock is subject to dilution and may be subject to further dilution in the future.
Peabody’s Common Stock is subject to dilution from its convertible senior debt and its long-term incentive plan. In addition, Peabody may continue issuing equity securities in connection with future investments, acquisitions or capital raising transactions. Such issuances or grants could constitute a significant portion of the then-outstanding Common Stock, which may result in significant dilution in ownership of Common Stock.
There may be circumstances in which the interests of a significant stockholder could be in conflict with other stakeholders’ interests.
Circumstances may arise in which the interests of a significant stockholder may be in conflict with the interests of the Company’s other stakeholders. A significant stockholder may exert substantial influence over the Company to cause the Company to take action that aligns with their interests, for example, to pursue or prevent acquisitions, divestitures or other transactions, including the issuance or repurchase of additional shares or debt, that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment in Peabody or another company in which it invests. Such transactions may advance the interests of the significant stockholder and not necessarily those of other stakeholders, which might adversely affect Peabody or other holders of its Common Stock or debt instruments.
The future payment of dividends on Peabody’s stock or future repurchases of its stock is dependent on a number of factors and cannot be assured.
As more fully described within “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” restrictive covenants in the Company’s credit and surety agreements limit its ability to pay cash dividends and repurchase shares. Such restrictions may negatively impact the trading price of the Common Stock. The payment of future cash dividends and future repurchases will depend upon these restrictions, as well as Peabody’s earnings, economic conditions, liquidity and capital requirements, and other factors, including its leverage and other financial ratios. Accordingly, the Company cannot make any assurance that future dividends will be paid or future repurchases will be made.
General Risk Factors
The Company may not be able to fully utilize its deferred tax assets.
The Company is subject to income and other taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions, most significantly Australia. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had gross deferred income tax assets, including net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards, and liabilities of $1,587.0 million and $81.7 million, respectively, as described further in Note 8. “Income Taxes” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. At that date, the Company also had recorded a valuation allowance of $1,451.0 million.
The Company’s ability to use its U.S. NOL carryforwards may be limited if it experiences an “ownership change” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. An ownership change generally occurs if certain stockholders increase their aggregate percentage ownership of a corporation’s stock by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest percentage ownership at any time during the testing period, which is generally the three-year period preceding any potential ownership change.
Although the Company may be able to utilize some or all of those deferred tax assets in the future if it has income of the appropriate character in those jurisdictions (subject to loss carryforward and tax credit expiry, in certain cases), there is no assurance that it will be able to do so. Further, the Company is presently unable to record tax benefits on future losses in the U.S. until such time as sufficient income is generated by its operations in those jurisdictions to support the realization of the related net deferred tax asset positions. The Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows may adversely be affected in future periods by these limitations.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Acquisitions and divestitures are a potentially important part of the Company’s long-term strategy, subject to its investment criteria, and involve a number of risks, any of which could cause the Company not to realize the anticipated benefits.
The Company may engage in acquisition or divestiture activity based on its set of investment criteria to produce outcomes that increase shareholder value or provide potential strategic benefits. If the Company fails to accurately estimate the future results and value of an acquired or divested business or assets and the related risk associated with such a transaction, or are unable to successfully integrate the businesses or assets it acquires, its business, financial condition or results of operations could be negatively affected. Moreover, any transactions the Company pursues could materially impact its liquidity and an acquisition could increase capital resource needs and may require it to incur indebtedness, seek equity capital or both. The Company may not be able to satisfy these liquidity and capital resource needs on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, future acquisitions could result in its assuming significant long-term liabilities, including potentially unknown liabilities, relative to the value of the acquisitions.
Peabody’s certificate of incorporation and by-laws include provisions that may discourage a takeover attempt.
Provisions contained in Peabody’s certificate of incorporation and by-laws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire it, even if doing so might be beneficial to its stockholders. Provisions of Peabody’s by-laws and certificate of incorporation impose various procedural and other requirements that could make it more difficult for stockholders to effect certain corporate actions. These provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of its Common Stock and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control.
Diversity in interpretation and application of accounting literature in the mining industry may impact the Company’s reported financial results.
The mining industry has limited industry-specific accounting literature and, as a result, the Company understands diversity in practice exists in the interpretation and application of accounting literature to mining-specific issues. As diversity in mining industry accounting is addressed, the Company may need to restate its reported results if the resulting interpretations differ from its current accounting practices. Refer to Note 1. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
Coal Reserves and Resources
Information concerning the Company’s mining properties in this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, which first became applicable to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021. These requirements differ significantly from the previously applicable disclosure requirements of SEC Industry Guide 7. Among other differences, subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K requires disclosure of mineral resources, in addition to mineral reserves, both in the aggregate and for each of the Company’s individually material mining properties. The Company’s coal reserves and resources are estimated by individuals deemed Qualified Persons (QP) according to the standards set forth in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K.
Mineral resources and reserves are defined in subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K as follows:
•Mineral resource. A concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the earth's crust in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction. A mineral resource is a reasonable estimate of mineralization, taking into account relevant factors such as cut-off grade, likely mining dimensions, location or continuity, that, with the assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, is likely to, in whole or in part, become economically extractable. It is not merely an inventory of all mineralization drilled or sampled.
•Mineral reserve. An estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of indicated and measured mineral resources that, in the opinion of a QP, can be the basis of an economically viable project. More specifically, it is the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined or extracted.
Under subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, mineral resources may not be classified as mineral reserves unless the determination has been made by a QP that such mineral resources can be the basis of an economically viable project. The conversion of reported mineral resources to mineral reserves should not be assumed.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Coal resources are estimated from geological models constructed from an extensive historical database of drill holes and the Company’s ongoing drilling program. Data from individual drill holes is compiled in a computerized drill-hole database, including the depth, thickness and, where core drilling is used, the quality of the coal observed. For coal deposits, the density of a drill pattern is one of the important factors which determine whether the related coal will be classified as measured, indicated, or inferred.
Mineral resource classifications are differentiated under subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, in part, as follows:
•Measured resource. That part of a mineral resource with the highest level of geological confidence; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of conclusive geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with a measured mineral resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
•Indicated resource. That part of a mineral resource with a level of geological confidence between that of measured and inferred resources; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of adequate geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with an indicated mineral resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
•Inferred resource. That part of a mineral resource with the lowest level of geological confidence; quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological uncertainty associated with an inferred mineral resource is too high to apply relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospects of economic extraction in a manner useful for evaluation of economic viability.
The geological confidence surrounding resource classification is first determined by a drill hole spacing analysis performed by a QP using geostatistical techniques. A QP may also use qualitative analysis to determine the geologic confidence based on historical experience with a specific coal deposit. Resources are further evaluated using a set of structure and quality parameters to determine the reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The structure parameters include coal thickness, depth, dipping angle, and strip ratio, among others. The quality parameters include ash and sulfur content, yield, and heat value, among others. Each coal deposit is different with respect to geology, potential mining methods, logistics, and markets. The cut-off criteria of those structure and quality parameters are different for each deposit, and a QP generally forms those criteria based upon experience with the Company’s existing mining operations or adjacent operations with similar geological conditions. Other factors, such as coal control, or surface and underground obstacles are also considered in connection with resource estimates. The reclassification of reported mineral resources from lower to higher levels of geological confidence should not be assumed.
The economically mineable part of a measured coal resource is considered a proven coal reserve and has the highest degree of assurance of economic viability. The economically mineable part of indicated, and sometimes measured, coal resources are considered probable coal reserves and have a moderate degree of assurance of economic viability.
For each mine or future mine, the Company develops Life-of-Mine (LOM) plans which employ a market-driven, risk-adjusted capital allocation process to guide long-term mine planning of active operations and development projects. QPs rely on LOM planning as an integral process for coal reserve and resource estimates. The LOM plans consider dilution and losses during mining and processing as recoverability factors to estimate saleable coal. The LOM plans are developed in consideration of market demands and operational constraints. The LOM plans project, among other things, annual quantities and qualities for each coal product. The saleable product mix for a mine may include multiple thermal and metallurgical products with different targeted qualities and sales prices. The expected volumes for each mine and product, as well as annual pricing forecasts for each product, developed as described below, and related cost forecasts, developed as described below, are then evaluated to determine the economically viable coal in the LOM plans. Other factors impacting the assessment include geological conditions, production expectations for certain areas, the effects of regulation and taxes by governmental agencies, future price and operating cost assumptions and adverse changes in market conditions and mine closure activities.
The Company periodically reviews and updates coal reserve and resource estimates to reflect the production of coal, new drill hole data, the effects of mining activities, analysis of new engineering and geological data, changes in property control, modification of mining methods and other factors.
Mineral Rights
The Company controls coal rights through direct ownership and numerous lease agreements with government or private parties. The majority of the Company’s coal reserves and resources are controlled through lease agreements with the U.S. and Australian governments. In addition, surface rights are required to conduct certain mining-related activities. The Company holds the majority of the required surface rights to meet mid- to long-term production requirements. The additional surface rights to meet long-term production requirements are expected to be acquired as needed.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company is party to numerous U.S. federal coal leases that are administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior under the Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act of 1976. These leases cover Peabody’s principal reserves in the Powder River Basin and other reserves and resources in Alabama, Colorado and New Mexico. Each of these leases continues indefinitely, provided there is diligent development of the property and continued operation of the related mine or mines. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has asserted the right to adjust the terms and conditions of these leases, including rent and royalties, after the first 20 years of their term and at 10-year intervals thereafter. Annual rents on surface land under federal coal leases are now set at $3.00 per acre. Production royalties on federal leases are set by statute at 12.5% of the gross proceeds of coal mined and sold for surface-mined coal and 8% for underground-mined coal. The U.S. federal government limits by statute the amount of federal land that may be leased by any company and its affiliates at any time to 75,000 acres in any one state and 150,000 acres nationwide. As of December 31, 2022, the Company leased 1,610 acres of federal land in Alabama, 3,480 acres in Colorado, 282 acres in New Mexico and 38,915 acres in Wyoming, for a total of 44,287 acres nationwide subject to those limitations. The Company also lease coal-mining properties from various state governments in the U.S.
Private U.S. coal leases normally have terms of between 10 and 20 years and usually give the Company the right to renew the lease for a stated period or to maintain the lease in force until the exhaustion of mineable and merchantable coal contained on the relevant site. These private U.S. leases provide for royalties to be paid to the lessor either as a fixed amount per ton or as a percentage of the sales price. Many private U.S. leases also require payment of a lease bonus or minimum royalty, payable either at the time of execution of the lease or in periodic installments. The terms of private U.S. leases are normally extended by active production at or near the end of the lease term. Private U.S. leases containing undeveloped coal properties may expire or these leases may be renewed periodically.
Mining and exploration in Australia are generally carried out under leases or licenses granted by state governments. Mining leases are typically for an initial term of up to 21 years (but which may be renewed) and contain conditions relating to such matters as minimum annual expenditures, restoration and rehabilitation. Royalties are paid to the state government as a percentage of the sales price. Generally, landowners do not own the mineral rights or have the ability to grant rights to mine those minerals. These rights are retained by state governments. Compensation is payable to landowners for loss of access to the land, and the amount of compensation can be determined by agreement or court process. Surface rights are typically acquired directly from landowners through agreement or court determination, subject to some exceptions.
Pricing
The pricing information used in support of the Company’s reserve and resource estimates include internal, proprietary price forecasts and existing contract economics, in each case on a mine-by-mine and product-by-product basis. In general, price forecasts are based on a thorough analytical process utilizing detailed supply and demand models, global economic indicators, projected foreign exchange rates, analyses of price relationships among various commodities, competing fuels analyses, projected supply and demand fundamentals for steel production and electricity generation, analyses of supplier costs and other variables. Price forecasts, supply and demand models and other key assumptions and analyses are stress-tested against independent third-party research (not commissioned by the Company) to confirm the conclusions reached through analytical processes, and that price forecasts fall within the ranges of the projections included in this third-party research. The development of the analyses, price forecasts, supply and demand models and related assumptions are subject to multiple levels of management review.
Below is a description of some of the specific factors that the Company evaluates in developing price forecasts for thermal and metallurgical coal products on a mine-by-mine and product-by-product basis. Differences between the assumptions and analyses included in the price forecasts and realized factors could cause actual pricing to differ from the forecasts.
Thermal. Several factors can influence thermal coal supply and demand and pricing. Demand is sensitive to total electric power generation volumes, which are determined in part by the impact of weather on heating and cooling demand and economic activity, inter-fuel competition in the electric power generation mix (such as from natural gas and renewable sources), changes in capacity (additions and retirements), competition from other producers, coal stockpiles and policy and regulations. Supply considerations impacting pricing include coal reserve and resource positions, mining methods, strip ratios, production costs and capacity and the cost of new supply (greenfield developments or extensions at existing mines).
In the United States, natural gas is the most significant substitute for thermal coal for electricity generation and can be one of the largest drivers of shifts in supply and demand and pricing. The competitiveness of natural gas as a generation fuel source has been strengthened by accelerated growth in domestic natural gas production, new natural gas combined cycle generation capacity and comparatively low natural gas prices versus historic levels. The build out of renewable generation and subsidized power can also be a key driver of power market pricing and hence coal prices.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Internationally, thermal coal-fueled generation also competes with alternative forms of electricity generation. The competitiveness and availability of generation fueled by natural gas, oil, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar and biomass vary by country and region and can have a meaningful impact on coal pricing. Policy and regulations, which vary from country to country, can also influence prices. In addition, seaborne thermal coal import demand can be significantly impacted by the availability of domestic coal production, particularly in the two leading coal import countries, China and India, and the competitiveness of seaborne supply from leading thermal coal exporting countries, including Indonesia, Australia, Russia, Colombia, the U.S. and South Africa, among others.
Metallurgical. Several factors can influence metallurgical coal supply and demand and pricing. Demand is impacted by economic conditions, government policies and demand for steel, and is also impacted by competing technologies used to make steel, some of which do not use coal as a manufacturing input. Competition from other types of coal is also a key price consideration and can be impacted by the coal quality and characteristics, delivered energy cost (including transportation costs), customer service and support, and reliability of supply.
Seaborne metallurgical coal import demand can be significantly impacted by the availability of domestic coal production, particularly in leading metallurgical coal import countries such as China, among others, as well as country-specific policies restricting or promoting domestic supply. The competitiveness of seaborne metallurgical coal supply from leading metallurgical coal exporting countries of Australia, the U.S., Russia, Canada, Mongolia and Mozambique, among others, is also an important price consideration.
In addition to the factors noted above, the prices which may be obtained at each mine or future mine can be impacted by factors such as (i) the mine’s location, which impacts the total delivered energy costs to its customers, (ii) quality characteristics, particularly if they are unique relative to competing mines, (iii) assumed transportation costs and (iv) other mine costs that are contractually passed on to customers in certain commercial relationships.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Costs
The cost estimates used to establish LOM plans are generally made according to internal processes that project future costs based on historical costs and expected trends. The estimated costs normally include mining, processing, transportation, royalty, add-on tax and other mining-related costs. Estimated mining and processing costs reflect projected changes in prices of consumable commodities (mainly diesel fuel, explosives and steel), labor costs, geological and mining conditions, targeted product qualities and other mining-related costs. Estimates for other sales-related costs (mainly transportation, royalty and add-on tax) are based on contractual prices or fixed rates. Specific factors that may impact the Company’s operating costs include:
•Geological settings. The geological characteristics of each mine are among the most important factors that determine the mining cost. Company geologists conduct the exploration program and provide geological models for the LOM process. Coal seam depth, thickness, dipping angle, partings and quality constrain the available mining methods and size of operations. Shallow coal is typically mined by surface mining methods by which the primary cost is overburden removal. Deep coal is typically mined by underground mining methods where the primary costs include coal extraction, conveyance and roof control.
•Scale of operations and the equipment sizes. For surface mines, dragline systems generally have a lower unit cost than truck-and-shovel systems for overburden removal. Longwall operations are generally more cost-effective than room-and-pillar operations for underground mines.
•Commodity prices. For surface mines, the costs of diesel fuel and explosives are major components of the total mining cost. For underground mines, the steel used for roof control represents a significant cost. Forecasted commodity prices are used to project those costs in the financial models used to establish reserve and resource estimates.
•Target product quality. By targeting a premium quality product, mining and processing processes may experience more coal losses. By lowering product quality the coal losses can be minimized and therefore a lower cost per ton can be achieved. In the Company’s LOM plans, product qualities are estimated to correspond to existing contracts and forecasted market demands.
•Transportation costs. Transportation costs vary by region. Most of the Company’s U.S. thermal operations sell coal at mine loadouts. Therefore, no transportation expenses are included in U.S. thermal cost estimates. The Company’s seaborne operations typically sell coal at designated ports. The estimated costs for seaborne operations include rail and barge transportation and related fees at ports.
•Royalty costs. Royalty costs are based upon contractual agreements for the coal leased from governments or private owners. The royalty rates for coal leased from governments differ by country and, in some cases, by mining method. Estimated add-on taxes and other sales-related costs are determined according to government regulations or historical costs.
•Exchange rates. Costs related to the Company’s Australian production are predominantly denominated in Australian dollars, while the Australian coal exported is sold in U.S. dollars. As a result, Australian/U.S. dollar exchange rates impact the U.S. dollar cost of Australian production.
Summary of Coal Reserves and Resources
Peabody controlled an estimated 2.4 billion tons of coal reserves and 2.4 billion tons of coal resources as of December 31, 2022. Approximately 95% of the Company’s coal reserves and 98% of the Company’s coal resources are held under lease, and the remainder is held through fee ownership.
The following tables summarize the Company’s estimated coal reserves and resources as of December 31, 2021. The quantity of the coal resources is estimated on an in situ basis as attributable to Peabody. Coal resources are reported exclusive of coal reserves. The quantity of the coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis as attributable to Peabody. The coal reserves and resources are reported on selected key quality parameters and on different moisture bases generally referenced by sales contracts for each mining property.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
SUMMARY COAL RESERVES AT END OF THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 (1)
(Tons in millions)
Peabody
Mining Coal Proven Coal Reserves Probable Coal Reserves Total Coal Reserves Interest
Segment / Mining Complex Country State Stage Method Type Amount Quality Amount Quality Amount Quality (10)
Seaborne Thermal Mining:(2)(4)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg(6)
Wilpinjong AUS NSW P S T 63 24.2 0.5 5,953 4 30.4 0.4 5,422 67 24.5 0.5 5,924 100 %
Wambo Opencut (9)
AUS NSW P S T 29 10.9 0.3 6,448 2 10.6 0.3 6,478 31 10.9 0.3 6,450 50 %
Wambo Underground AUS NSW P U T 2 13.7 0.4 6,473 3 12.2 0.4 6,588 5 12.9 0.4 6,534 100 %
South Wambo AUS NSW E U T/C - - - - 74 9.8 0.3 7,034 74 9.8 0.3 7,034 100 %
Total 94 83 177
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining:(3)(4)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM%(7)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM%(7)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM%(7)
Shoal Creek USA AL P U C 15 10.0 0.7 30.2 2 10.0 0.7 30.2 17 10.0 0.7 30.2 100 %
Coppabella AUS QLD P S P 6 9.3 0.2 9.9 4 9.8 0.2 8.5 10 9.5 0.2 9.3 73.3 %
Moorvale AUS QLD P S C/P/T 4 11.4 0.3 16.5 - - - - 4 11.4 0.3 16.5 73.3 %
Metropolitan AUS NSW P U C/T 3 13.9 0.4 18.6 7 13.8 0.4 18.7 10 13.8 0.4 18.6 100 %
North Goonyella AUS QLD D U C 46 7.4 0.5 21.4 24 7.5 0.5 21.1 70 7.4 0.5 21.3 100 %
Moorvale South AUS QLD P S C/P 3 11.1 0.4 18.4 2 9.8 0.4 17.4 5 10.6 0.4 18.0 73.3 %
Middlemount (9)
AUS QLD P S C/P 25 10.3 0.4 18.0 9 10.3 0.4 18.0 34 10.3 0.4 18.0 50.0 %
Total 102 48 150
Powder River Basin Mining:(5)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
North Antelope Rochelle USA WY P S T 1,316 4.4 0.2 8,889 107 4.5 0.2 8,965 1,423 4.4 0.2 8,895 100 %
Caballo USA WY P S T 274 5.1 0.3 8,517 68 5.6 0.3 8,313 342 5.2 0.3 8,476 100 %
Rawhide USA WY P S T 115 5.6 0.4 8,278 2 5.2 0.3 8,362 117 5.6 0.4 8,279 100 %
Total 1,705 177 1,882
Other U.S. Thermal Mining:(5)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Bear Run USA IN P S T 84 10.6 3.1 11,058 52 10.0 2.5 11,045 136 10.4 2.9 11,055 100 %
El Segundo/Lee Ranch USA NM P S T 13 15.8 0.9 9,249 1 12.3 0.7 9,526 14 15.6 0.9 9,266 100 %
Gateway North USA IL P U T 38 8.9 2.9 10,888 5 9.0 3.0 10,874 43 8.9 2.9 10,886 100 %
Twentymile USA CO P U T 10 10.7 0.5 11,280 1 10.2 0.5 11,230 11 10.6 0.5 11,272 100 %
Wild Boar USA IN P S T 7 8.3 2.4 11,010 8 8.4 2.7 11,470 15 8.4 2.6 11,265 100 %
Francisco Underground USA IN P U T 3 8.7 2.9 11,500 4 9.0 3.3 11,455 7 8.9 3.1 11,480 100 %
Total 155 71 226
Grand total 2,056 379 2,435
Stage Mining Method Coal Type
P Producing S Surface Mine T Thermal
I Idle U Underground Mine C Coking
D Development P Pulverized Coal Injection
E Exploration
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
SUMMARY COAL RESOURCES AT END OF THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 (1)
(Tons in millions)
Measured and Indicated Peabody
Mining Coal Measured Coal Resources Indicated Coal Resources Coal Resources Inferred Coal Resources Interest
Deposit Country State Stage Method Type Amount Quality Amount Quality Amount Quality Amount Quality (10)
Seaborne Thermal Mining:(2)(4)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg(5)
Wilpinjong AUS NSW P S T 103 23.0 0.5 6,055 25 25.4 0.5 5,860 128 23.5 0.5 6,017 6 27.3 0.5 5,698 100 %
Wambo Opencut (9)
AUS NSW P S/U T 191 21.6 0.4 5,731 154 21.5 0.4 5,764 345 21.6 0.4 5,746 259 19.9 0.4 5,864 50 %
Wambo South AUS NSW E U T/C 219 21.5 0.3 6,068 83 27.2 0.3 5,571 302 23.1 0.3 5,931 47 36.3 0.3 4,745 100 %
Total 513 262 775 312
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining:(3)(4)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM%(7)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM%(7)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM%(7)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM%(7)
Shoal Creek USA AL P U C 40 9.6 0.7 25.1 35 9.9 0.7 24.1 75 9.8 0.7 24.6 7 10.3 0.7 24.0 100 %
Metropolitan AUS NSW P U C/T 7 15.4 0.4 18.6 8 15.3 0.3 18.7 15 15.3 0.4 18.6 2 16.0 0.3 19.0 100 %
Coppabella AUS QLD P S P 13 15.8 0.3 13.1 48 14.3 0.2 12.8 61 14.6 0.2 12.9 73 15.5 0.2 12.3 73.3 %
Moorvale AUS QLD P S P 14 18.5 0.3 16.7 14 17.2 0.3 16.6 28 17.9 0.3 16.7 5 15.9 0.3 16.7 73.3 %
Moorvale South AUS QLD P S C/P 3 18.3 0.4 18.4 7 18.2 0.4 18.3 10 18.2 0.4 18.3 6 16.8 0.4 17.7 73.3 %
NGC GLB2 AUS QLD E U C - - - - 1 15.3 0.6 20.7 1 15.3 0.6 20.7 8 13.6 0.5 20.7 100 %
Coppabella North AUS QLD E U P 255 15.8 0.3 14.6 102 16.8 0.3 14.6 357 16.1 0.3 14.6 12 16.5 0.3 14.3 75.5 %
Yeerun AUS QLD E S P 16 16.0 0.4 14.3 57 16.2 0.5 15.0 73 16.2 0.4 14.8 46 17.8 0.5 14.7 83.0 %
Moorvale North AUS QLD E U P 21 26.0 0.4 12.9 25 24.5 0.5 13.2 46 25.2 0.4 13.1 25 23.2 0.5 13.4 73.3 %
Gundyer AUS QLD E U P - - - - 54 16.4 0.2 19.7 54 16.4 0.2 19.7 70 18.3 0.2 18.3 90.0 %
Total 369 351 720 254
Powder River Basin Mining:(5)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Caballo USA WY P S T 15 5.3 0.4 8,218 65 5.2 0.4 8,211 80 5.2 0.4 8,212 1 5.5 0.4 8,263 100 %
Rawhide USA WY P S T 1 5.4 0.4 8,277 95 5.2 0.3 8,356 96 5.2 0.3 8,355 7 5.7 0.4 8,252 100 %
Total 16 160 176 8
Other U.S. Thermal Mining:(5)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu(8)
Bear Run USA IN P S T 18 14.6 3.5 10,860 51 16.8 3.5 10,450 69 16.3 3.5 10,550 37 16.3 3.5 10,545 100 %
El Segundo/Lee Ranch USA NM P S T 1 17.1 1.1 9,491 5 16.5 1.0 9,475 6 16.6 1.0 9,478 2 17.4 1.2 9,280 100 %
Wild Boar USA IN P S T - - - - 3 12.9 6.1 10,940 3 12.9 5.4 11,020 1 12.9 5.9 10,960 100 %
Total 19 59 78 40
Grand total 917 832 1,749 614
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
(1)
The sales price assumptions supporting economic recoverability vary depending upon factors such as coal quality and existing customer volume commitments. For the five-year period 2023 through 2027, the estimated sales prices for seaborne metallurgical mines are based upon estimated premium hard coking coal benchmark prices ranging from $172 to $227 per tonne. The estimated sales prices for seaborne thermal mines are based upon estimated Newcastle benchmark prices ranging from $86 to $224 per tonne for the same period. For US domestic thermal mines, the estimated sales prices for the same period range from approximately $10.42 to $59.69 per ton. Subsequent to 2027, for all mines, sales price escalation is assumed at 2.0% to 3.0% per annum through the end of each LOM plan.
(2)
The moisture condition for Seaborne Thermal Mining segment coal quality is on an air-dry basis, except for Wambo Opencut, which is estimated on an as-shipped basis for reserves, and an in-situ moisture basis for resources.
(3)
The moisture condition for the Seaborne Metallurgical Mining segment coal quality is on an air-dry basis, except for Shoal Creek Mine which is on a dry basis.
(4)
The quantities for Australian coal reserves are estimated on an as-shipped moisture basis; quantities for Australian coal resources are estimated on an in situ moisture basis.
(5)
The quality and quantity estimates for U.S. thermal reserves are calculated on as-shipped moisture basis; the quality and quantity estimates for U.S. thermal resources are calculated on an in situ moisture basis.
(6)
Kcal/kg (kilocalories per kilogram) is the net calorific value (net heating value) of coal, except for Wambo Opencut which is estimated as gross calorific value.
(7)
VM (volatile matter) represents the proportion of certain organic and mineral components in coal, for example, water, carbon dioxide, or sulfur dioxide. Volatile matter is inversely related to coal rank.
(8)
Btu (British thermal unit) is the gross heating value of coal per pound, which includes the weight of moisture in coal on an as-sold basis. The range of variability of the moisture content in coal may affect the actual shipped Btu content.
(9)
Reserve and resource data is maintained and provided by joint venture managing partners utilizing the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves.
(10)
The quantities of reserves and resources are disclosed at Peabody’s proportional ownership share.
Individual Property Disclosure
To determine the Company’s individually material mining operations in accordance with subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K, management considered both quantitative and qualitative factors, assessed in the context of the Company’s overall business and financial condition. Such assessment included the Company’s aggregate mining operations on all of its mining properties, regardless of the stage of production or the type of coal produced. Quantitative factors included, among others, mining operations’ relative contributions to the Company’s aggregate historical and estimated revenue, cash flows, and Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”) Qualitative factors may include, as applicable, strategic priorities, the regulatory environment, capital expansion plans, and the long-term pricing outlook. The Company concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, its individually material mines are North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM), Shoal Creek Mine, Wilpinjong Mine, and the Coppabella-Moorvale Joint Venture. The Company also assesses material changes in the material properties mainly on the basis of the amount of reserves and resources over a period of three years. The Company concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, its material mining operations had no material changes. The Company will update its assessment of individually material mines on an annual basis.
The information that follows relating to such individually material mines is derived, for the most part, from, and in some instances is an extract from, the studies relating to such properties prepared in compliance with the Item 601(b)(96) and subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K. Portions of the following information are based on assumptions, qualifications and procedures that are not fully described herein. The changes from the previous year are not material and no updates for TRS are included in this filing. Other technical details regarding the individual properties should be referred to the previously disclosed TRS.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
North Antelope Rochelle Mine
The North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM) is a production-stage surface coal mine located sixty-five miles south of Gillette, Wyoming, USA. NARM is situated in the Gillette Coal Field on the east flank of the Powder River Basin. NARM began operations in 1999 after Peabody combined its interests in the formerly separate North Antelope Mine and Rochelle Mine.
NARM extracts coal from the Wyodak-Anderson coal seam, which ranges from 60- to 80-feet thick and lies from 100 to 400 feet below the surface in the mining area. The Company has secured mineral rights through Federal and State lease agreements which cover 30,159 acres. The typical royalty rate for Federal and State coal leases is 12.5% of realized revenue. Generally, the leases continue indefinitely with periodic renewal, provided there is diligent coal production or other development within the lease area. As of December 31, 2022, all required licenses and permits were in place for the operations of NARM.
The mining operation consists of multiple open pits in four main mining areas, which allows for quality blending and other optimization strategies. Overburden is removed by dragline, truck and shovel, dozer and cast blasting methods. Coal is hauled by truck to one of five dump locations, where it is then crushed and conveyed to silos adjacent to rail load-outs for customer delivery. Coals of varying characteristics may be blended at a central blending facility along the loadout rail loop. Coal is sold unwashed, as a run-of-mine (ROM) product. NARM coal is well recognized for domestic thermal power generation.
The key supporting infrastructure for NARM includes rail services provided by the BNSF Railway Company and Union Pacific Corporation, road access via interstate and state highways and roads, electrical power from a dedicated substation with 230kV and 69kV transmission lines, and water supply from a mine dewatering system and deep wells. The mining industry in the Powder River Basin anchors numerous communities from which the mine attracts qualified personnel.
The property, plant, equipment and mine development assets of NARM had a net book value of approximately $417 million at December 31, 2022. The mine’s operating equipment and facilities meet contemporary mining standards and are adequately maintained to execute the LOM plan. Routine maintenance, overhauls, and necessary capital replacements are generally included in the LOM plan to support future production.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The table below presents NARM coal reserve estimates at December 31, 2022, along with comparative quantities at December 31, 2021. NARM did not hold any coal resources as of December 31, 2022. These reserve estimates were supported by the analyses of 4,778 total drill holes within the coal lease area. The quantity of the coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis and deemed 100% attributable to Peabody. In addition to quantity, the table presents selected key quality parameters on an as-shipped basis.
NARM - SUMMARY OF RESERVES (1)
(Tons in millions)
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Coal Reserves (2)(3)(4)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Btu % Mine Yield(5)
Tons
Proven 1,316 4.4 0.2 8,889 100 % 1,378
Probable 107 4.5 0.2 8,965 100 % 106
Total 1,423 1,484
Year-over-year decrease (4) %
The year-over-year decrease in the quantity of coal reserves was driven by production depletion.
(1)
Economic recoverability is based upon an estimated average sales price per ton of $14.64 for the five-year period ending December 31, 2027 and assumed escalation of 2.0% per annum during the subsequent period through the end of the LOM plan.
(2)
The cut-off grade and metallurgical recovery are not limiting factors for reserve estimates due to consistent coal thickness and established trends of coal quality in the leased area. The strip ratio increases gradually, but the existing pit length allows an average mineable strip ratio. Besides the results of drill hole analyses, the main limiting factors include surface infrastructure and lease boundaries.
(3)
The quality of coal reserves is estimated on an as-shipped basis.
(4)
The quantity of coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis, which takes into consideration 92% mining recovery. The results of the LOM planning process demonstrate the economic recoverability of the coal reserve estimates.
(5)
Mine yield is the ratio of estimated saleable product coal over ROM coal tons, with processing loss considered.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Shoal Creek Mine
The Shoal Creek Mine is a production-stage underground longwall metallurgical coal mine located thirty-five miles west of Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The mine is within the east-central portion of the Warrior Coal Field, which is part of the Southern Appalachian coal-producing region. The Drummond Corporation began producing coal at the mine in 1994. Peabody Energy acquired the mine from the Drummond Corporation in December 2018. The mine was idled in the fourth quarter of 2020 due to market conditions and resumed production in November 2021.
Shoal Creek Mine extracts coal from the Mary Lee and Blue Creek coal seams at depths of 1,000 to 1,300 feet. The Company has secured mineral rights through a combination of private, federal and state mineral leases and surface rights agreements which encompass a total of 31,747 acres of mineral control and 3,490 acres of surface land control. The majority of the mineral leases are private leases with negotiated royalty rates set at minimum amounts per ton or as percentages of sales realization. Shoal Creek Mine’s largest lease agreement, representing 28,517 acres of mineral control, expires in 2031 with an option to negotiate an extension. The expiration dates vary for other leases, but typically include extension provisions. As of December 31, 2022, all required licenses and permits were in place for the operations of the Shoal Creek Mine.
Coal is produced primarily using longwall systems. The mine also uses continuous miner units for longwall development and limited production. Mined coal is processed through a wash plant, conveyed to barge loadout facilities on the Black Warrior River, and transported by barge 370 miles to McDuffie Coal Terminal in Mobile Bay, Alabama, in the Gulf of Mexico, for export via ocean-going vessels. Shoal Creek Mine metallurgical coal has a well-established customer base in Europe, South America, and East Asia for steel making.
The key supporting infrastructure for Shoal Creek Mine includes road access via interstate and state highways and roads, third-party barge services and a barge loadout on the Black Warrior River, the McDuffie Coal Terminal, electrical power provided by 69kV transmission lines, and water supplied from the Black Warrior River and recycled underground water. The mine’s workforce is drawn primarily from Jasper and Tuscaloosa, Alabama and other adjacent communities.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The property, plant, equipment and mine development assets of Shoal Creek Mine had a net book value of approximately $287 million at December 31, 2022. The mine’s operating equipment and facilities meet contemporary mining standards and are adequately maintained to execute the LOM plan. Routine maintenance, overhauls and necessary capital replacements are generally included in the LOM plan to support future production. While the mine was idled for parts of 2020 and 2021, the Company upgraded the mine’s coal handling and preparation plant and made other capital investments to improve its prospective cost structure.
The tables below present Shoal Creek Mine’s estimated coal reserves and resources at December 31, 2022, along with comparative quantities at December 31, 2021. These reserve and resource estimates were supported by the analyses of 1,178 total drill holes within the coal lease area. The quantity of the coal resources is estimated on an in situ basis as 100% attributable to Peabody. Coal resources are reported exclusive of coal reserves. The quantity of the coal reserves and resources are estimated on a saleable product basis as 100% attributable to Peabody. Coal reserves and resources are reported on selected key quality parameters on a dry basis.
SHOAL CREEK MINE - SUMMARY OF RESERVES AND RESOURCES (1)
(Tons in millions)
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Coal Reserves (2)(4)(5)(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur %VM % Mine Yield (7)
Tons
Proven 15 10.0 0.7 30.2 36 % 16
Probable 2 10.0 0.7 30.2 36 % 2
Total 17 18
Year-over-year decrease (6) %
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Coal Resources (2)(3)(4)(5)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM% Tons
Measured 40 9.6 0.7 25.1 40
Indicated 35 9.9 0.7 24.1 35
Measured and indicated 75 9.8 0.7 24.6 75
Inferred 7 10.2 0.7 24.0 7
Total 82 82
The year-over-year decrease in coal reserves reflects 2022 production depletion.
(1)
Economic recoverability is based upon an estimated average sales price per ton of $159.45 for the five-year period ending December 31, 2027 and assumed escalation of 2.0% per annum during the subsequent period through the end of the LOM plan.
(2)
The quality of coal reserves and resources are estimated on a dry basis.
(3)
The quantity of resource estimates are on an in situ basis, which doesn’t take into consideration coal loss during mining and processing.
(4)
The coal resource boundary is established by considering various factors, including results from drill hole analyses, coal control, geological features, faults and other surface features.
(5)
The cut-off grade and metallurgical recovery are not limiting factors for the reserve and resource estimates due to relatively consistent coal quality and float recovery from the lab results within the assessed area. The historically mined coal thickness has been used as the main criteria for the resource boundary based on the mine’s actual performance in the last two decades.
(6)
The quantity of coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis, which takes into consideration of unmined coal (pillars, etc.), 20% coal loss during mining and processing, and additional washing recovery. The results from the LOM planning process demonstrate the economic recoverability of the coal reserve estimate.
(7)
Mine yield is the ratio of estimated saleable product coal over ROM coal tons with mainly processing loss considered.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Wilpinjong Mine
The Wilpinjong Mine is a production-stage surface thermal coal mine situated approximately 25 miles northeast of Mudgee in New South Wales, Australia. Peabody acquired the mine as part of its acquisition of Excel Coal Pty Ltd (Excel) in 2006. Excel began the development of Wilpinjong Mine in 2006 and it commenced production under Peabody ownership in 2007. A third-party contractor managed mining operations until 2013, when the Company converted the mine to owner-operated.
The Wilpinjong Mine extracts coal from the Moolarben and Ulan coal seams which have a combined thickness from 6 to 10 meters and a typical depth less than 60 meters in the Illawarra Coal Measures on the northwest margin of the Sydney Basin. The Company has secured three exploration licenses of 3,186 hectares and three mining licenses of 3,723 hectares through the New South Wales Minister of Planning. The typical royalty rate is 8.2% of the value of coal recovered. The mining licenses require renewal upon expiration in 2027 for 2,863 hectares and in 2039-2040 for 860 acres. The renewal application for two exploration licenses is currently pending approval and the third was granted in May 2022 for an initial term of 6 years. As of December 31, 2022, all required licenses and permits were in place for the operations of Wilpinjong.
Conventional open cut mining methods are used at the Wilpinjong Coal Mine, with multiple pits at a low strip ratio allowing for relatively rapid pit advance. Overburden is removed by a combination of cast blasting, doze, and truck and shovel methods. Haul trucks transport coal to various hoppers and pads for blending and temporary storage, as necessary, and then to a coal handling and processing plant to be crushed and washed. Coal is conveyed to a rail loadout and transported by train to either domestic customers or to the Port of Newcastle and seaborne customers for thermal power generation.
The key supporting infrastructure for Wilpinjong Mine includes road access via public roads, port service at two terminals at the Port of Newcastle, above and below rail services, electrical power from a 66kV transmission line, and water supply from captured surface runoff and deep wells. The mine’s proximity to other large coal producers in the region provides access to a significant pool of experienced mining personnel.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The property, plant, equipment and mine development assets of Wilpinjong Mine had a net book value of approximately $342 million at December 31, 2022. The mine’s operating equipment meets contemporary mining standards and is adequately maintained to execute the LOM plan. Routine maintenance, overhauls and necessary capital replacements are generally included in the LOM plan to support future production. During 2018, the Company began an expansion project at Wilpinjong Mine that will extend the mine life from 2026 to 2030 by providing access to an additional 55 million tonnes of coal reserves. The Company capitalized approximately $62 million related to the project through December 31, 2022 and expects the total cost to reach approximately $76 million.
The tables below present Wilpinjong Mine’s estimated coal reserves and resources at December 31, 2022, along with comparative quantities at December 31, 2021. These reserve and resource estimates were supported by the analyses of 1,271 total drill holes within the coal lease area. The quantity of the coal resources is estimated on an in situ basis as 100% attributable to Peabody. Coal resources are reported exclusive of coal reserves. The quantity of the coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis as 100% attributable to Peabody. Coal reserves and resources are reported on selected key quality parameters on an air-dried basis.
WILPINJONG MINE - SUMMARY OF RESERVES AND RESOURCES (1)
(Tons in millions)
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Coal Reserves (5)(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg % Mine Yield(7)
Tons
Proven 63 24.2 0.5 5,953 82 % 71
Probable 4 30.4 0.4 5,422 82 % 5
Total 67 76
Year-over-year decrease (12) %
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Coal Resources (2)(3)(4)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur Kcal/kg Tons
Measured 103 23.0 0.5 6,055 103
Indicated 25 25.4 0.5 5,860 25
Measured and indicated 128 23.5 0.5 6,017 128
Inferred 6 27.3 0.5 5,698 6
Total 134 134
The year-over-year decrease in the quantity of coal reserves was driven by production depletion.
(1)
Economic recoverability is based upon product-specific estimated average sales prices per ton of $51.99 for the five-year period ending December 31, 2027 and assumed escalation of 2.0% to 3.0% per annum during the subsequent period through the end of the LOM plan.
(2)
The quality of coal resources is on an in situ, air-dry basis.
(3)
The quantity of coal resource estimates is on an in situ basis, which does not take into consideration coal loss during mining and processing.
(4)
Besides the results from drill hole analyses, the raw ash is a key quality parameter that is relevant to both the cut-off grade and metallurgical recovery. The resource is limited by a maximum of 50% raw ash (air-dry basis). Due to the relatively consistent coal thickness and shallow depth, no other geological limiting factors are applied except for known geological anomalies such as paleochannels and igneous intrusion.
(5)
The quality of coal reserves is based on an air-dry basis. It is the laboratory results from the core samples with adjustments that reflect the reconciliation results from actual production.
(6)
The quantity of coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis, which takes into consideration of mining and processing loss. The economic results from the LOM planning process demonstrate the economic viability of the coal reserve estimate.
(7)
Mine yield is the ratio of estimated saleable product coal over ROM coal tons with mainly processing loss considered.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Coppabella-Moorvale Joint Venture
The Company’s Coppabella Moorvale Joint Venture (CMJV) mines are located approximately 75 miles southwest of Mackay, near the township of Coppabella, in central Queensland, Australia. The CMJV includes two production-stage surface coal mines, the Coppabella Mine and the Moorvale Mine. During 2022, the Moorvale Mine substantially completed development of, and began production from, its Moorvale South pit. Peabody owns 73.3% of the joint venture and is responsible for operations management. CMJV originally was developed by Macarthur Coal Limited (Macarthur), with production commencing in 1998 at Coppabella Mine and 2002 at Moorvale Mine. Peabody acquired Macarthur in December 2011 and assumed its majority interest in CMJV.
The CMJV mines primarily extract coal from the Leichardt seam in the Rangal Coal Measures of the Bowen Basin. The seam has a thickness from 5 to 10 meters and a typical depth of less than 250 meters. The development of the Moorvale South pit made a portion of the Vermont seam economically mineable. The CMJV mines operate with a total of fourteen mining leases and one mineral development license issued by the Queensland state government, covering 13,459 hectares in total. Coal production is subject to royalties payable to the Queensland state government ranging from 7% to 40%, depending upon the realized revenue per tonne. In addition, there are special private royalty agreements established in relation to exploration efforts. The primary mining leases for the Coppabella Mine expire in 2040 and other peripheral leases expire between 2023 and 2035. The Moorvale Mine has two mining leases which expire in 2023, and a third in 2028. The Moorvale South pit has two mining leases which expire in 2030, and its relevant mineral development license expires in 2024. As of December 31, 2021, all required licenses and permits were in place for the operations of CMJV.
Conventional open cut mining methods are used at the CMJV mines. Coppabella Mine utilizes a dragline and two electric rope shovels to perform the majority of overburden removal, supplemented by diesel hydraulic excavators, which are also used to extract coal. The Moorvale Mine utilizes only diesel hydraulic excavators for overburden removal. All CMJV mines utilize cast and dozer push operations where applicable. Coal is trucked via internal haul roads for direct dumping to the hopper, or rehandled from pads to the dump hopper. Coal is crushed and washed at two processing plants, then transported by rail to the Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal for seaborne customers. The CMJV produces a range of products including pulverized coal injection coal, coking coal and thermal coal.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The key supporting infrastructure for CMJV includes the port service at Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal, above and below rail services, road access via public roads, electrical power from 66kV transmission lines, and water supply from captured surface runoff and commercial pipelines. Temporary housing near the mine sites provides employees with overnight accommodations, as necessary. The mines draw personnel primarily from nearby Moranbah, Nebo and Mackay, Queensland.
The property, plant, equipment and mine development assets of CMJV had a net book value of approximately $173 million at December 31, 2021. The CMJV’s operating equipment meets contemporary mining standards and is adequately maintained to execute the mine plan. Routine maintenance, overhauls and necessary capital replacements are generally included in the LOM plan to support future production.
The tables below present estimates of the CMJV coal reserves and resources as of December 31, 2022, along with comparative quantities at December 31, 2021. These reserve and resource estimates were supported by the analyses of 4,763 total drill holes within the coal lease areas. The quantity of the coal resources is estimated on an in situ basis as 73.3% attributable to Peabody. Coal resources are reported exclusive of coal reserves. The quantity of the coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis as 73.3% attributable to Peabody. Coal reserves and resources are reported on selected key quality parameters on an air-dry basis.
CMJV - SUMMARY OF RESERVES AND RESOURCES (1)
(Tons in millions)
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Coal Reserves (5)(6)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur %VM % Mine Yield (7)
Tons
Proven 13 10.4 0.3 13.9 74 % 14
Probable 6 9.8 0.3 11.5 76 % 6
Total 19 20
Year-over-year decrease (5) %
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
Coal Resources (2)(3)(4)
Tons %Ash %Sulfur VM% Tons
Measured 30 17.3 0.3 15.3 34
Indicated 69 15.3 0.3 14.1 69
Measured and indicated 99 15.9 0.3 14.5 103
Inferred 84 15.6 0.3 12.9 84
Total 183 187
Year-over-year decrease (2) %
The decrease in reserves reflects 2022 production depletion, partially offset by the reclassification of certain mine areas to reserves; the decrease in resources reflects this reclassification.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
(1)
Economic recoverability is based upon product-specific estimated average sales prices per ton of $122.75 for the five-year period ending December 31, 2027 and assumed escalation of 2% to 3% per annum during the subsequent period through the end of the LOM plan.
(2)
The quality of coal resources is estimated on an in situ, air-dry basis.
(3)
The quantity of coal resource is estimated on an in situ basis, which doesn’t take into consideration coal loss during mining and processing.
(4)
Besides the results from drill hole analyses, the resource estimates are based on the following criteria:
- Open cut resources are limited to an area defined by pit shell with RF150 (revenue factor 150%), with exception of Moorvale South MDL 3034 open cut resources are limited to 150m depth of cover
- Minimum mining thickness of 0.3m for open cut
- Minimum mining thickness of 2m for underground resources
- Underground resources excluded in areas of seam dip exceeding 15 degrees
- Underground resources depth cutoff at 500m depth of cover, with exception of Moorvale Mine depth cutoff at 300m depth of cover
- A seam quality cut-off greater than 50% raw ash (a.d.) is excluded from resources
- No weathered coal included
- Intrusive sills and dykes within seams are excluded from the resources
- Heat-affected coal is included in the resources
- Other limiting factors include surface infrastructure and lease boundary
(5)
The quality of coal reserves is estimated on an air-dry basis.
(6)
The quantity of coal reserves is estimated on a saleable product basis which takes into consideration of mining and processing loss. The economic results from the LOM planning process demonstrate the economic viability of the coal reserve estimate.
(7)
Mine yield is the ratio of estimated saleable product coal over ROM coal tons with mainly processing loss considered.
Internal Controls
The preparation of coal reserve and resource estimates is completed in accordance with the Company’s prescribed internal control procedures, which are designed specifically to ensure the reliability of such estimates presented herein. Annually, QPs and other employees review the estimates of mineral reserves and mineral resources, the supporting documentation, and compliance with applicable internal controls. Such controls employ management systems, standardized procedures, workflow processes, multi-functional supervision and management approval, internal and external reviews, reconciliations, and data security covering record keeping, chain of custody and data storage.
The internal controls for reserve and resource estimates also cover exploration activities, sample preparation and analysis, data verification, processing, metallurgical testing, recovery estimation, mine design and sequencing, and reserve and resource evaluations, with environmental, social and regulatory considerations. The quality assurance and control protocols over the assaying of drill hole samples are performed by reputable commercial laboratories following certification and accreditation programs established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or Australian National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA).
The reserve and resource estimates have inherent risks due to data accuracy, uncertainty from geological interpretation, mine plan assumptions, uncontrolled rights for mineral and surface properties, environmental challenges, uncertainty for future market supply and demand, and changes in laws and regulations. Management and QPs are aware of those risks that might directly impact the assessment of coal reserves and resources. The current coal reserves and resources are estimated based on the best information available and are subject to re-assessment when conditions change. Refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for discussion of risks associated with the estimates of the Company’s reserves and resources.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
See Note 21. “Commitments and Contingencies” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a description of Peabody’s pending legal proceedings, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Peabody’s “Safety and Sustainability Management System” has been designed to set clear and consistent expectations for safety, health and environmental stewardship across the Company’s business. It aligns to the National Mining Association’s CORESafety® framework and encompasses three fundamental areas: leadership and organization, risk management and assurance. Peabody also partners with other companies and certain governmental agencies to pursue new technologies that have the potential to improve its safety performance and provide better safety protection for employees.
Peabody continually monitors its safety performance and regulatory compliance. The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by SEC regulations is included in Exhibit 95 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Peabody’s Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, under the symbol “BTU.” As of February 17, 2023 there were 173 holders of the Company’s Common Stock, as determined by counting its record holders and the number of participants reflected in a security position listing provided to the Company by the Depository Trust Company (DTC). Because such DTC participants are brokers and other institutions holding shares of Peabody’s Common Stock on behalf of their customers, the Company does not know the actual number of unique shareholders represented by these record holders.
Dividends
As more fully described within “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” during the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company entered into a transaction support agreement with its surety bond providers which prohibits the payment of dividends through the earlier of December 31, 2025, or the maturity of the Credit Agreement (currently March 31, 2025) unless otherwise agreed to by the parties to the agreements. Additionally, restrictive covenants in its credit facility also limit the Company's ability to pay cash dividends.
Share Relinquishments
The Company routinely allows employees to relinquish Common Stock to pay estimated taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock units and the payout of performance units that are settled in Common Stock under its equity incentive plans. The value of Common Stock tendered by employees is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the dates of the respective relinquishments.
Share Repurchase Program
On August 1, 2017, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program to allow repurchases of up to $500 million of the then outstanding shares of its common stock and/or preferred stock (Repurchase Program), which was eventually expanded to $1.5 billion during 2018. The Repurchase Program does not have an expiration date and may be discontinued at any time. Through December 31, 2022, the Company has repurchased 41.5 million shares of its Common Stock for $1,340.3 million, which included commissions paid of $0.8 million, leaving $160.5 million available for share repurchase under the Repurchase Program.
Similar to the payment of dividends as described above, the same agreements with the Company’s surety bond providers prohibit share repurchases through the earlier of December 31, 2025, or the maturity of the Credit Agreement (currently March 31, 2025) unless otherwise agreed to by the parties to the agreements. Additionally, restrictive covenants in its credit facility also limit the Company’s ability to repurchase shares. Future repurchases will be made at the Company’s discretion. The specific timing, price and size of purchases will depend upon the share price, general market and economic conditions and other considerations, including compliance with various debt agreements in effect at the time any repurchases are made.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Issuances of Equity Securities
In June 2021, the Company announced an at-the-market equity offering program pursuant to which the Company could offer and sell up to 12.5 million shares of its Common Stock. The at-the-market equity offering program was further expanded to 32.5 million shares during 2021. The shares are offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2021, as supplemented by prospectus supplements dated June 4, 2021, September 17, 2021, and December 17, 2021 relating to the offer and sale of the shares. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold approximately 24.8 million shares for net cash proceeds of $269.8 million. No sales were made under this at-the-market equity offering program during the year ended December 31, 2022, leaving approximately 7.7 million shares available for sale.
On March 7, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market equity offering program pursuant to which the Company could offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up of $225 million. The shares are offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 23, 2021, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement dated March 7, 2022 relating to the offer and sale of the shares. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold approximately 10.1 million shares for net proceeds of $222.0 million, thereby concluding this at-the-market equity offering program.
Also during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed multiple bilateral transactions with holders of the 2022 Notes, the 2025 Notes and the 2024 Peabody Notes in which the Company issued an aggregate 10.0 million shares of its Common Stock in exchange for $37.3 million aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes, $47.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes and $21.6 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Peabody Notes. No such bilateral transactions were completed during the year ended December 31, 2022. The issuance of shares of common stock in exchange for the 2022 Notes, the 2025 Notes and the 2024 Peabody Notes was made in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 3(a)(9) under the Securities Act of 1933, based in part on representations of holders of the 2022 Notes, the 2025 Notes and the 2024 Peabody Notes, and on the basis that the exchange was completed with existing holders of the Company's securities and no commission or other remuneration was paid or given for soliciting the exchange.
Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table summarizes all share purchases for the three months ended December 31, 2022:
Period Total Number of Shares
Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Used to Repurchase Shares Under the Publicly Announced Program (In millions)
October 1 through October 31, 2022
- $ - - $ 160.5
November 1 through November 30, 2022
- - - 160.5
December 1 through December 31, 2022
- - - 160.5
Total
- - -
(1) Includes shares withheld to cover the withholding taxes upon the vesting of equity awards, which are not a part of the Repurchase Program Repurchase Program.
Stock Performance Graph
The following performance graph compares the cumulative total return on Peabody’s common stock with the cumulative total return of the following indices: (i) the S&P MidCap 400 Stock Index and (ii) Custom Composite Index (a peer group comprised of Arch Resources, Inc., Hallador Energy Co., and Warrior Met Coal, Inc.). The Custom Composite Index reflects publicly listed U.S. companies within the coal industry of similar size or product type. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in BTU and each index was $100 at December 31, 2017. The graph also assumes that all dividends were reinvested and that the investments were held through December 31, 2022. These indices are included for comparative purposes only and do not necessarily reflect management's opinion that such indices are an appropriate measure of the relative performance of the stock involved and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of the common stock.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Reserved.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The Company’s discussion and analysis of the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 is included herein. For discussion and analysis of the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, please refer to Item 7 of Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Peabody’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on February 18, 2022 and is incorporated by reference herein.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following discussion of Peabody’s results of operations includes references to and analysis of Adjusted EBITDA and Total Reporting Segment Costs, which are financial measures not recognized in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). Adjusted EBITDA is used by management as the primary metric to measure each of its segments’ operating performance and allocate resources. Total Reporting Segment Costs is also used by management as a component of a metric to measure each of its segments’ operating performance.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Also included in the following discussion of Peabody’s results of operations are references to Revenue per Ton, Costs per Ton and Adjusted EBITDA Margin per Ton for each reporting segment. These metrics are used by management to measure each of its reporting segments’ operating performance. Management believes Costs per Ton and Adjusted EBITDA Margin per Ton best reflect controllable costs and operating results at the reporting segment level. The Company considers all measures reported on a per ton basis to be operating/statistical measures; however, the Company includes reconciliations of the related non-GAAP financial measures (Adjusted EBITDA and Total Reporting Segment Costs) in the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section contained within this Item 7.
In its discussion of liquidity and capital resources, Peabody includes references to Free Cash Flow which is also a non-GAAP measure. Free Cash Flow is used by management as a measure of its financial performance and its ability to generate excess cash flow from its business operations.
Peabody believes non-GAAP performance measures are used by investors to measure its operating performance. These measures are not intended to serve as alternatives to U.S. GAAP measures of performance and may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures presented by other companies. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section contained within this Item 7 for definitions and reconciliations to the most comparable measures under U.S. GAAP.
Overview
In 2022, Peabody produced and sold 122.9 million and 123.7 million tons of coal, respectively, from continuing operations.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company reports its results of operations primarily through the following reportable segments: Seaborne Thermal Mining, Seaborne Metallurgical Mining, Powder River Basin Mining, Other U.S. Thermal Mining and Corporate and Other.
The business of the Company’s seaborne operating platform is primarily export focused with customers spread across several countries, with a portion of its thermal and metallurgical coal sold within Australia. Generally, revenue from individual countries vary year by year based on electricity and steel demand, the strength of the global economy, governmental policies and several other factors, including those specific to each country. The Company classifies its seaborne mines within the Seaborne Thermal Mining or Seaborne Metallurgical Mining segments based on the primary customer base and coal reserve type of each mining operation. A small portion of the coal mined by the Seaborne Thermal Mining segment is of a metallurgical grade. Similarly, a small portion of the coal mined by the Seaborne Metallurgical Mining segment is of a thermal grade. Additionally, the Company may market some of its metallurgical coal products as a thermal coal product from time to time depending on market conditions.
The Company’s Seaborne Thermal Mining operations consist of mines in New South Wales, Australia. The mines in that segment utilize both surface and underground extraction processes to mine low-sulfur, high Btu thermal coal.
The Company’s Seaborne Metallurgical Mining operations consist of mines in Queensland, Australia, one in New South Wales, Australia and one in Alabama, USA. The mines in that segment utilize both surface and underground extraction processes to mine various qualities of metallurgical coal. The metallurgical coal qualities include hard coking coal, semi-hard coking coal, semi-soft coking coal and pulverized coal injection coal.
The principal business of the Company’s thermal operating segments in the U.S. is the mining, preparation and sale of thermal coal, sold primarily to electric utilities in the U.S. under long-term contracts, with a relatively small portion sold as international exports as conditions warrant. The Company’s Powder River Basin Mining operations consist of its mines in Wyoming. The mines in that segment are characterized by surface mining extraction processes, coal with a lower sulfur content and Btu and higher customer transportation costs (due to longer shipping distances). The Company’s Other U.S. Thermal Mining operations reflect the aggregation of its Illinois, Indiana, New Mexico and Colorado mining operations. The mines in that segment are characterized by a mix of surface and underground mining extraction processes, coal with a higher sulfur content and Btu and lower customer transportation costs (due to shorter shipping distances). Geologically, the Company’s Powder River Basin Mining operations mine sub-bituminous coal deposits and its Other U.S. Thermal Mining operations mine both bituminous and sub-bituminous coal deposits.
The Company’s Corporate and Other segment includes selling and administrative expenses, results from equity affiliates, corporate hedging activities, trading and brokerage activities, minimum charges on certain transportation-related contracts, the closure of inactive mining sites and certain commercial matters.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Resource Management. As of December 31, 2022, Peabody controlled approximately 2.4 billion tons of proven and probable coal reserves, 2.4 billion tons of resources and approximately 360,000 acres of surface property through ownership and lease agreements. The Company has an ongoing asset optimization program whereby its property management group regularly reviews these reserves, resources and surface properties for opportunities to generate earnings and cash flow through the sale or exchange of non-strategic coal reserves, resources and surface lands. These surface lands include acres where Peabody has completed post-mining reclamation. In addition, the Company generates revenue through royalties from coal reserves and oil and gas rights leased to third parties, farm income from surface lands under third-party contracts and lease income from surface lands under contracts with renewable energy ventures.
Middlemount Mine. Peabody owns a 50% equity interest in Middlemount, which owns the Middlemount Mine in Queensland, Australia. The mine predominantly produces semi-hard coking coal and low-volatile pulverized coal injection (LV PCI) coal for sale into seaborne coal markets through Abbot Point Coal Terminal, with some capacity also secured at Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal. Mining operations first commenced at the Middlemount Mine in late 2011. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the mine sold 1.6 million and 2.0 million tons of coal, respectively (on a 50% basis).
Summary
Spot pricing for premium low-vol hard coking coal (Premium HCC), premium low-vol pulverized coal injection (Premium PCI) coal, Newcastle index thermal coal and API 5 index thermal coal, and prompt month pricing for PRB 8,880 Btu/Lb coal and Illinois Basin 11,500 Btu/Lb coal during the year ended December 31, 2022 is set forth in the table below.
The seaborne pricing included in the table below is not necessarily indicative of the pricing the Company realized during the year ended December 31, 2022 due to quality differentials and a portion of its seaborne sales being executed through annual and multi-year international coal supply agreements that contain provisions requiring both parties to renegotiate pricing periodically, with spot, index and quarterly sales arrangements also utilized. The Company’s typical practice is to negotiate pricing for seaborne metallurgical coal contracts on a quarterly, spot or index basis and seaborne thermal coal contracts on an annual, spot or index basis.
In the U.S., the pricing included in the table below is also not necessarily indicative of the pricing the Company realized during the year ended December 31, 2022 since the Company generally sells coal under long-term contracts where pricing is determined based on various factors. Such long-term contracts in the U.S. may vary significantly in many respects, including price adjustment features, price reopener terms, coal quality requirements, quantity parameters, permitted sources of supply, treatment of environmental constraints, extension options, force majeure and termination and assignment provisions. Competition from alternative fuels such as natural gas and other fuel sources may also impact the Company’s realized pricing.
High Low Average December 31, 2022 February 17, 2023
Premium HCC (1)
$ 670.50 $ 188.00 $ 363.45 $ 294.50 $ 390.00
Premium PCI coal (1)
$ 655.00 $ 180.50 $ 330.81 $ 284.50 $ 344.00
Newcastle index thermal coal (1)
$ 452.81 $ 201.54 $ 362.78 $ 398.50 $ 187.27
API 5 index thermal coal (1)
$ 284.20 $ 109.66 $ 176.44 $ 133.38 $ 117.72
PRB 8,800 Btu/Lb coal (2)
$ 27.50 $ 15.50 $ 18.03 $ 15.50 $ 14.80
Illinois Basin 11,500 Btu/Lb coal (2)
$ 196.00 $ 88.00 $ 149.32 $ 134.00 $ 83.00
(1) Prices expressed per metric tonne.
(2) Prices expressed per short ton.
Within the global coal industry, supply and demand for its products and the supplies used for mining have been impacted by the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, inflationary pressures and supply chain constraints have contributed to rising costs and may continue to impact future periods. As future developments related to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic and rising inflation are unknown, the global coal industry data for the year ended December 31, 2022 presented herein may not be indicative of their ultimate impacts.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Within the seaborne metallurgical coal market, the year ended December 31, 2022 was characterized by significant volatility as a weakened global macroeconomic environment was counteracted by tight coal supply and continued trade flow disruptions following sanctions imposed on Russian coal imports. Steel prices trended lower during the year ended December 31, 2022, causing some steelmakers to implement small-scale output cuts. The reduction in steel output is partially influencing short-term incremental metallurgical coal demand in some markets; however, it is being more than offset by transitioning demand from many steelmakers removing exposure to Russian coal by seeking additional volumes from other regions such as Australia, the U.S. and Canada. This is particularly so for PCI, where Russia typically accounts for approximately 35% of global traded volumes. In early January 2023, China partially restarted imports of Australian coal for the first time in two years, providing additional market depth and further support for prices. The Company believes energy shortages and the global inflationary environment present a risk to industrial activity in some markets, but the underlying market fundamentals remain constructive with continuing themes of supply tightness, resilient and improving demand in some markets and further economic stimulus in China and elsewhere.
Within the seaborne thermal coal market, global thermal coal prices ended the year at elevated levels, fueled by broader energy supply security concerns. These concerns have been driven by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the subsequent ban of Russian coal by European countries, as well as limited supply response out of Australia and Columbia due to weather and labor issues. In China, domestic coal production and renewable generation have been strong during the year ended December 31, 2022, which has lowered import demand. In India, strong growth in coal generation has supported increased import demand, despite elevated domestic coal production. Overall, global thermal coal markets remain turbulent as supply remains tight and European coal importers look to replace Russian coal.
In the United States, overall electricity demand increased more than 3% year-over-year, positively impacted by weather and economic activity. Through the year ended December 31, 2022, electricity generation from thermal coal has declined year-over-year due to coal conservation by utilities, transportation issues impacting coal deliveries and stronger renewable generation. Coal’s share of electricity generation has declined to approximately 19% for the year ended December 31, 2022, while wind and solar’s combined generation share has increased to 15%. Coal inventories have continued to decline since December 2021, with a decline of approximately 6% or 5 million tons. During the year ended December 31, 2022, utility consumption of PRB coal declined approximately 5% compared to the prior year period.
Financing Transactions
During the first quarter of 2022, Peabody issued convertible senior unsecured notes and used the proceeds of the offering to retire nearer term higher cost senior secured debt. This both lowered the Company’s borrowing rates and extended debt maturities to 2028. Throughout 2022, Peabody continued to reduce its outstanding debt, and at December 31, 2022, all senior secured debt had been retired.
High demand and tight supply for coal globally has resulted in a substantial rise in seaborne thermal coal prices during 2022, which has been amplified by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, resulting in unprecedented upward volatility in Newcastle coal pricing since late February 2022. As a result, Peabody posted additional cash margin of $125.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 to satisfy the margin requirements for its derivative contracts.
Refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section contained within this Item 7 for a further discussion of these financing and liquidity transactions.
North Goonyella Redevelopment
During the third quarter of 2022, the Company initiated the redevelopment of its North Goonyella Mine, a premium hard-coking coal longwall operation in Australia with over 70 million tons of coal reserves. The project will utilize substantial existing infrastructure and equipment at the mine, including a new 300-meter longwall system, a coal handling preparation plant, a dedicated rail loop for transport to the Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal and an accommodation village with housing and service amenities for more than 400 workers. North Goonyella is anticipated to increase the Company’s production in its Seaborne Metallurgical Mining segment.
The Company’s board of directors has approved redevelopment expenditures of $120 million for 2023, which include ventilation, equipment, conveyance and infrastructure updates in anticipation of reaching development coal, subject to regulatory approvals, in the first quarter of 2024. Cash flow from operations is expected to fund all redevelopment costs as the Company continues to strengthen its balance sheet. Future decisions about the redevelopment of North Goonyella may be impacted by Queensland’s increased royalty tiers. Development costs in addition to the current approved amount are estimated to be $240 million, with longwall operations expected to commence in 2026.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Other
In March 2022, the Company entered into a joint venture with unrelated partners to form R3 Renewables LLC (R3). R3 was formed with the intent of developing various sites, including certain reclaimed mining land held by the Company in the U.S., for utility-scale photovoltaic solar generation and battery storage. During 2022, R3 has advanced efforts with potential customers, finalized its management team and commenced site evaluations with project developer Treaty Oak Clean Energy, LLC. The Company’s interest in R3 is accounted for as an equity method investment. The Company contributed $10.9 million to R3 and recorded an equity loss of $3.9 million from its operations during the year ended December 31, 2022.
In March 2022, Peabody Investments Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a commitment agreement relating to one of its qualified pension plans (the Plan) with an insurer. Under the commitment agreement, the Plan purchased a buy-in group annuity contract for approximately $500 million and the insurer will reimburse the Plan for benefit payments to be made to the Plan’s participants. Under the terms of this transaction, the Plan continues to administer and pay the retirement benefits of Plan participants and is reimbursed by the insurer for the payment of all benefits covered by the group annuity contract. In May 2022, the board of directors of Peabody Investments Corp. approved the termination of the Plan effective July 31, 2022. Refer to Note 14. “Pension and Savings Plans” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a further discussion of this transaction.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
The increase in income from continuing operations, net of income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 ($970.0 million) was primarily driven by higher revenue ($1,663.6 million) due to higher realized prices and a 20% increase in metallurgical sales volumes; improved results from equity affiliates ($49.1 million); and lower interest expense ($43.1 million). These favorable variances were partially offset by higher operating costs and expenses ($737.7 million), which reflect increased sales price sensitive costs, the impacts of challenging weather conditions and inflationary pressures for commodities, materials, services, repairs and labor; and net losses on early debt extinguishments in the current year ($91.1 million).
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2022 reflected a 101% year-over-year increase of $928.0 million.
Tons Sold
The following table presents tons sold by operating segment:
(Decrease) Increase
Year Ended December 31, to Volumes
2022 2021 Tons %
(Tons in millions)
Seaborne Thermal Mining 15.6 17.3 (1.7) (9.8) %
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining 6.6 5.5 1.1 20.0 %
Powder River Basin Mining 82.6 88.4 (5.8) (6.6) %
Other U.S. Thermal Mining 18.4 16.9 1.5 8.9 %
Total tons sold from operating segments 123.2 128.1 (4.9) (3.8) %
Corporate and Other 0.5 2.0 (1.5) (75.0) %
Total tons sold 123.7 130.1 (6.4) (4.9) %
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Supplemental Financial Data
The following table presents supplemental financial data by operating segment:
Year Ended December 31, Increase (Decrease)
2022 2021 $ %
Revenue per Ton - Mining Operations (1)
Seaborne Thermal $ 86.07 $ 54.09 $ 31.98 59.1 %
Seaborne Metallurgical 243.78 131.83 111.95 84.9 %
Powder River Basin 12.89 10.99 1.90 17.3 %
Other U.S. Thermal 51.82 40.75 11.07 27.2 %
Costs per Ton - Mining Operations (1) (2)
Seaborne Thermal $ 44.65 $ 33.64 $ 11.01 32.7 %
Seaborne Metallurgical 125.92 99.55 26.37 26.5 %
Powder River Basin 12.06 9.46 2.60 27.5 %
Other U.S. Thermal 38.63 31.04 7.59 24.5 %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin per Ton - Mining Operations (1) (2)
Seaborne Thermal $ 41.42 $ 20.45 $ 20.97 102.5 %
Seaborne Metallurgical 117.86 32.28 85.58 265.1 %
Powder River Basin 0.83 1.53 (0.70) (45.8) %
Other U.S. Thermal 13.19 9.71 3.48 35.8 %
(1)This is an operating/statistical measure not recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for definitions and reconciliations to the most comparable measures under U.S. GAAP.
(2)Includes revenue-based production taxes and royalties; excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization; asset retirement obligation expenses; selling and administrative expenses; restructuring charges; asset impairment; amortization of take-or-pay contract-based intangibles; and certain other costs related to post-mining activities.
Revenue
The following table presents revenue by reporting segment:
Increase
Year Ended December 31, to Revenue
2022 2021 $ %
(Dollars in millions)
Seaborne Thermal Mining $ 1,345.6 $ 934.0 $ 411.6 44.1 %
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining 1,616.9 727.7 889.2 122.2 %
Powder River Basin Mining 1,065.5 971.2 94.3 9.7 %
Other U.S. Thermal Mining 952.2 689.1 263.1 38.2 %
Corporate and Other 1.7 (3.7) 5.4 145.9 %
Revenue $ 4,981.9 $ 3,318.3 $ 1,663.6 50.1 %
Seaborne Thermal Mining. The increase in segment revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was due to favorable realized prices ($540.4 million), partially offset by unfavorable volumes ($128.8 million) which were impacted by wet weather in the current year and mine plan considerations which included a longwall move at the Wambo Underground Mine in the first half of 2022.
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining. Segment revenue increased during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year due to favorable realized prices at the Australian operations ($583.1 million), the resumption of sales at the Shoal Creek Mine ($236.6 million) and favorable volume and mix variances at the Australian operations ($69.5 million). Sales volumes increased by 20% from the prior year.
Powder River Basin Mining. Segment revenue increased during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year due to favorable realized prices ($168.5 million), offset by unfavorable volumes ($74.2 million) resulting from rail performance issues.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Other U.S. Thermal Mining. The increase in segment revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was due to favorable realized prices ($209.2 million) and favorable volumes ($53.9 million).
Corporate and Other. Segment revenue increased during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year due to lower net unrealized mark-to-market losses on derivative contracts related to forecasted coal sales ($79.3 million), offset by lower results from trading activities ($74.5 million) due to net realized losses on derivative contracts related to forecasted coal sales exceeding the higher margins recognized on the physical sale of coal.
Adjusted EBITDA
The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA for each of the Company’s reporting segments:
Increase (Decrease) to
Year Ended December 31, Adjusted EBITDA
2022 2021 $ %
(Dollars in millions)
Seaborne Thermal Mining $ 647.6 $ 353.1 $ 294.5 83.4 %
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining 781.7 178.2 603.5 338.7 %
Powder River Basin Mining 68.2 134.9 (66.7) (49.4) %
Other U.S. Thermal Mining 242.4 164.2 78.2 47.6 %
Corporate and Other 104.8 86.3 18.5 21.4 %
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
$ 1,844.7 $ 916.7 $ 928.0 101.2 %
(1)This is a financial measure not recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for definitions and reconciliations to the most comparable measures under U.S. GAAP.
Seaborne Thermal Mining. Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year as a result of higher realized prices net of sales sensitive costs ($495.5 million) and favorable foreign currency impacts ($25.2 million). The increases were offset by unfavorable operational costs ($119.8 million) resulting from the impacts of wet weather, COVID-19-related staffing shortages, the longwall move at the Wambo Underground Mine in the first half of 2022 and inflationary pressures on supplies and outside services; lower volumes ($64.7 million); higher port and demurrage costs ($21.7 million) and higher commodity pricing ($18.6 million).
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining. Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year due to higher realized prices net of sales sensitive costs at the Australian operations ($466.9 million), favorable volumes from the resumption of sales at the Shoal Creek Mine ($111.6 million) and favorable foreign currency impacts ($36.3 million).
Powder River Basin Mining. Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year as a result of increased overburden removal costs as the workforce focused on preparatory efforts in light of rail performance issues ($63.3 million); higher costs for materials, services, repairs and labor ($55.3 million) due in part to increased repairs for an aging equipment fleet and inflationary pressures on materials and services; the unfavorable impacts of higher commodity pricing ($53.9 million); and lower volumes ($19.9 million) resulting from rail performance issues. These decreases were offset by higher realized prices net of sales sensitive costs ($146.7 million).
Other U.S. Thermal Mining. Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year due to higher realized prices net of sales sensitive costs ($210.4 million) and favorable volumes ($19.2 million). These increases were offset by higher costs for materials, services, repairs and labor ($104.8 million) due in part to increased equipment repairs and headcount resulting from increasing volume demands and inflationary pressures on materials and services; and the unfavorable impacts of higher commodity pricing ($44.2 million).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Corporate and Other Adjusted EBITDA. The following table presents a summary of the components of Corporate and Other Adjusted EBITDA:
Increase (Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, to Income
2022 2021 $ %
(Dollars in millions)
Middlemount (1)
$ 132.8 $ 48.2 $ 84.6 175.5 %
Resource management activities (2)
29.3 6.9 22.4 324.6 %
Selling and administrative expenses
(88.8) (84.9) (3.9) (4.6) %
Other items, net (3)
31.5 116.1 (84.6) (72.9) %
Corporate and Other Adjusted EBITDA $ 104.8 $ 86.3 $ 18.5 21.4 %
(1)Middlemount’s results are before the impact of related changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowance and reserves and amortization of basis difference. Middlemount’s standalone results included (on a 50% attributable basis) aggregate amounts of depreciation, depletion and amortization, asset retirement obligation expenses, net interest expense and income taxes of $62.7 million and $42.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(2)Includes gains (losses) on certain surplus coal reserve, resource and surface land sales and property management costs and revenue.
(3)Includes trading and brokerage activities, costs associated with post-mining activities, gains (losses) on certain asset disposals, minimum charges on certain transportation-related contracts, costs associated with suspended operations including the North Goonyella Mine and expenses related to other commercial activities.
Corporate and Other Adjusted EBITDA benefited during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year from favorable variances in Middlemount’s results due to the impact of higher sales pricing ($84.6 million) and gains on various land sales in both the U.S. and Australia ($20.0 million). This benefit was offset by unfavorable trading results ($61.6 million) and a gain recognized in the prior year on the sale of the Company’s Millennium Mine ($26.1 million) as discussed in Note 17. “Other Events.”
Income From Continuing Operations, Net of Income Taxes
The following table presents income from continuing operations, net of income taxes:
Increase (Decrease) to Income
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 $ %
(Dollars in millions)
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
$ 1,844.7 $ 916.7 $ 928.0 101.2 %
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
(317.6) (308.7) (8.9) (2.9) %
Asset retirement obligation expenses (49.4) (44.7) (4.7) (10.5) %
Restructuring charges (2.9) (8.3) 5.4 65.1 %
Asset impairment (11.2) - (11.2) n.m.
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowance and reserves and amortization of basis difference related to equity affiliates
2.3 33.8 (31.5) (93.2) %
Interest expense (140.3) (183.4) 43.1 23.5 %
Net (loss) gain on early debt extinguishment (57.9) 33.2 (91.1) (274.4) %
Interest income 18.4 6.5 11.9 183.1 %
Net mark-to-market adjustment on actuarially determined liabilities
27.8 43.4 (15.6) (35.9) %
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts related to forecasted sales (35.8) (115.1) 79.3 68.9 %
Unrealized losses on foreign currency option contracts (2.3) (7.5) 5.2 69.3 %
Take-or-pay contract-based intangible recognition 2.8 4.3 (1.5) (34.9) %
Income tax benefit (provision) 38.8 (22.8) 61.6 270.2 %
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes $ 1,317.4 $ 347.4 $ 970.0 279.2 %
(1)This is a financial measure not recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for definitions and reconciliations to the most comparable measures under U.S. GAAP.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization. The following table presents a summary of depreciation, depletion and amortization expense by reporting segment:
(Decrease) Increase
Year Ended December 31, to Income
2022 2021 $ %
(Dollars in millions)
Seaborne Thermal Mining $ (114.4) $ (107.7) $ (6.7) (6.2) %
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining
(88.8) (73.3) (15.5) (21.1) %
Powder River Basin Mining (42.5) (41.5) (1.0) (2.4) %
Other U.S. Thermal Mining (62.2) (67.4) 5.2 7.7 %
Corporate and Other
(9.7) (18.8) 9.1 48.4 %
Total $ (317.6) $ (308.7) $ (8.9) (2.9) %
Additionally, the following table presents a summary of the Company’s weighted-average depletion rate per ton for active mines in each of its operating segments:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021
Seaborne Thermal Mining $ 2.61 $ 2.19
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining
2.55 1.18
Powder River Basin Mining 0.32 0.25
Other U.S. Thermal Mining 1.23 1.15
The increase in the weighted-average depletion rate per ton for the Seaborne Thermal Mining segment during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year reflects the impact of volume and mix variances across the segment. The increase in the Seaborne Metallurgical Mining segment during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year reflects the resumption of sales at the Shoal Creek Mine.
Asset Impairment. The Company recognized $11.2 million in aggregate asset impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2022 related to the sale of certain land interests and an investment in equity securities. Refer to Note 3. “Asset Impairment” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the nature and composition of those charges, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Changes in Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance and Reserves and Amortization of Basis Difference Related to Equity Affiliates. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company released a valuation allowance of approximately $33 million previously recorded on Middlemount’s deferred tax assets as a result of taxable income generated during 2021. As of December 31, 2021, no valuation allowance remained related to Middlemount’s deferred tax assets so there is no release reflected in 2022. The current year income activity relates only to the amortization of basis differences which is comparable to prior periods. Refer to Note 5. “Equity Method Investments” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information regarding these changes, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Interest Expense. The decrease in interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year primarily reflects debt retirements completed by the Company during 2022 and 2021 and prior year fees related to a series of refinancing transactions completed by the Company as further described in Note 10. “Long-term Debt” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Net (Loss) Gain on Early Debt Extinguishment. The net loss (gain) on early debt extinguishment was primarily related to the redemption of existing notes during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as further discussed in Note 10. “Long-term Debt” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Interest Income. The increase in interest income during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was primarily due to higher cash balances and interest rates in the current year.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Net Mark-to-Market Adjustment on Actuarially Determined Liabilities. The gain recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022 was driven by increases to the discount rates for actuarially determined liabilities ($190.1 million) and the favorable impacts of changes for the postretirement benefit plans related to updated claims experience ($28.6 million). These increases were offset by mark-to-market losses on pension and postretirement benefit plan assets ($162.1 million); the unfavorable impact of the premium paid for the purchase of a buy-in group annuity contract for a qualified pension plan ($17.6 million) and the unfavorable impacts of medical trend updates for the postretirement benefit plans ($15.7 million).
The gain recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021 was driven by increases to the discount rates for actuarially determined liabilities ($37.6 million); the favorable impacts of changes for the postretirement benefit plans related to updated claims experience ($22.0 million) and a mortality update ($16.6 million); and the favorable impact of an update to the Company’s census data for actuarially determined liabilities ($10.3 million). These increases were offset by mark-to-market losses on pension and postretirement benefit plan assets ($43.1 million).
Unrealized Losses on Derivative Contracts Related to Forecasted Sales. Unrealized losses primarily relate to mark-to-market activity on derivative contracts related to forecasted coal sales. For additional information, refer to Note 6. “Derivatives and Fair Value Measurements” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Unrealized Losses on Foreign Currency Option Contracts. Unrealized losses primarily relate to mark-to-market activity on foreign currency option contracts. For additional information, refer to Note 6. “Derivatives and Fair Value Measurements” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Income Tax Benefit (Provision). The income tax benefit recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to the release of valuation allowance related to Australian NOLs, partially offset by year-over-year increases in pretax income. Refer to Note 8. “Income Taxes” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders
The following table presents net income attributable to common stockholders:
Increase (Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, to Income
2022 2021 $ %
(Dollars in millions)
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes $ 1,317.4 $ 347.4 $ 970.0 279.2 %
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes 1.7 24.0 (22.3) (92.9) %
Net income 1,319.1 371.4 947.7 255.2 %
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 22.0 11.3 10.7 94.7 %
Net income attributable to common stockholders $ 1,297.1 $ 360.1 $ 937.0 260.2 %
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Income Taxes. The decrease in income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year period was primarily driven by the prior year gain of $24.6 million recognized on the sale of the Wilkie Creek Mine as discussed in Note 17. “Other Events” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. The increase in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year period was primarily due to stronger financial results of Peabody’s majority-owned mines in which there is an outside non-controlling interest.
Diluted EPS
The following table presents diluted EPS:
Increase (Decrease) to
Year Ended December 31, EPS
2022 2021 $ %
Diluted EPS attributable to common stockholders:
Income from continuing operations $ 8.29 $ 3.00 $ 5.29 176.3 %
Income from discontinued operations 0.02 0.22 (0.20) (90.9) %
Net income attributable to common stockholders $ 8.31 $ 3.22 $ 5.09 158.1 %
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Diluted EPS is commensurate with the changes in results from continuing operations and discontinued operations during that period. Diluted EPS reflects weighted average diluted common shares outstanding of 157.2 million and 112.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income from continuing operations before deducting net interest expense, income taxes, asset retirement obligation expenses and depreciation, depletion and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is also adjusted for the discrete items that management excluded in analyzing each of its segment’s operating performance, as displayed in the reconciliations below.
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Income from continuing operations, net of income taxes $ 1,317.4 $ 347.4
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
317.6 308.7
Asset retirement obligation expenses 49.4 44.7
Restructuring charges 2.9 8.3
Asset impairment 11.2 -
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowance and reserves and amortization of basis difference related to equity affiliates
(2.3) (33.8)
Interest expense 140.3 183.4
Net loss (gain) on early debt extinguishment 57.9 (33.2)
Interest income (18.4) (6.5)
Net mark-to-market adjustment on actuarially determined liabilities
(27.8) (43.4)
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts related to forecasted sales 35.8 115.1
Unrealized losses on foreign currency option contracts 2.3 7.5
Take-or-pay contract-based intangible recognition (2.8) (4.3)
Income tax (benefit) provision (38.8) 22.8
Adjusted EBITDA $ 1,844.7 $ 916.7
Total Reporting Segment Costs is defined as operating costs and expenses adjusted for the discrete items that management excluded in analyzing each of its segments’ operating performance, as displayed in the reconciliations below:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Operating costs and expenses $ 3,290.8 $ 2,553.1
Unrealized losses on foreign currency option contracts (2.3) (7.5)
Take-or-pay contract-based intangible recognition 2.8 4.3
Net periodic benefit credit, excluding service cost (49.0) (38.3)
Total Reporting Segment Costs $ 3,242.3 $ 2,511.6
The following table presents Total Reporting Segment Costs by reporting segment:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Seaborne Thermal Mining $ 698.0 $ 580.9
Seaborne Metallurgical Mining 835.2 549.5
Powder River Basin Mining 997.3 836.3
Other U.S. Thermal Mining 709.8 524.9
Corporate and Other 2.0 20.0
Total Reporting Segment Costs $ 3,242.3 $ 2,511.6
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Revenue per Ton and Adjusted EBITDA Margin per Ton are equal to revenue by segment and Adjusted EBITDA by segment, respectively, divided by segment tons sold. Costs per Ton is equal to Revenue per Ton less Adjusted EBITDA Margin per Ton.
The following tables present tons sold, revenue, Total Reporting Segment Costs and Adjusted EBITDA by operating segment:
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Seaborne Thermal Mining Seaborne Metallurgical Mining Powder River Basin Mining Other U.S. Thermal Mining
(Amounts in millions, except per ton data)
Tons sold 15.6 6.6 82.6 18.4
Revenue $ 1,345.6 $ 1,616.9 $ 1,065.5 $ 952.2
Total Reporting Segment Costs 698.0 835.2 997.3 709.8
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 647.6 $ 781.7 $ 68.2 $ 242.4
Revenue per Ton $ 86.07 $ 243.78 $ 12.89 $ 51.82
Costs per Ton
44.65 125.92 12.06 38.63
Adjusted EBITDA Margin per Ton
$ 41.42 $ 117.86 $ 0.83 $ 13.19
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Seaborne Thermal Mining Seaborne Metallurgical Mining Powder River Basin Mining Other U.S. Thermal Mining
(Amounts in millions, except per ton data)
Tons sold 17.3 5.5 88.4 16.9
Revenue $ 934.0 $ 727.7 $ 971.2 $ 689.1
Total Reporting Segment Costs 580.9 549.5 836.3 524.9
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 353.1 $ 178.2 $ 134.9 $ 164.2
Revenue per Ton $ 54.09 $ 131.83 $ 10.99 $ 40.75
Costs per Ton
33.64 99.55 9.46 31.04
Adjusted EBITDA Margin per Ton
$ 20.45 $ 32.28 $ 1.53 $ 9.71
Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less net cash used in investing activities and excludes cash outflows related to business combinations. See the table below for a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to its most comparable measure under U.S. GAAP.
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,173.6 $ 420.0
Net cash used in investing activities (28.7) (131.5)
Free Cash Flow $ 1,144.9 $ 288.5
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
The Company’s primary source of cash is proceeds from the sale of its coal production to customers. The Company has also generated cash from the sale of non-strategic assets, including coal reserves, resources and surface lands, and, from time to time, borrowings under its credit facilities and the issuance of securities. The Company’s primary uses of cash include the cash costs of coal production, capital expenditures, coal reserve lease and royalty payments, debt service costs, capital and operating lease payments, postretirement plans, take-or-pay obligations, post-mining reclamation obligations, collateral and margining requirements, and selling and administrative expenses. Recently, the Company has also used cash for early debt retirements, and, historically, it has also used cash for dividends and share repurchases.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Any future determinations to return capital to stockholders, such as dividends or share repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including the restrictions set forth under the Company’s debt and surety agreements, its net income or other sources of cash, liquidity position and potential alternative uses of cash, such as internal development projects or acquisitions, as well as economic conditions and expected future financial results. The Company’s ability to declare dividends or repurchase shares in the future will depend on its future financial performance, which in turn depends on the successful implementation of its strategy and on financial, competitive, regulatory, technical and other factors, general economic conditions, demand for and selling prices of coal and other factors specific to its industry, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company has presently suspended the payment of dividends and share repurchases, as discussed in Part II, Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.”
Liquidity
As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s cash balances totaled $1,307.3 million, including approximately $412 million held by U.S. subsidiaries, approximately $863 million held by Australian subsidiaries, and the remainder held by other foreign subsidiaries in accounts predominantly domiciled in the U.S. A significant majority of the cash held by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is denominated in U.S. dollars. This cash is generally used to support non-U.S. liquidity needs, including capital and operating expenditures in Australia. From time to time, the Company may repatriate excess cash from its foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repatriated approximately $1.3 billion. If additional foreign-held cash is repatriated in the future, the Company does not expect restrictions or potential taxes will have a material effect to its near-term liquidity.
The Company’s available liquidity increased from $995.9 million as of December 31, 2021 to $1,317.8 million as of December 31, 2022. Available liquidity was comprised of the following:
December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,307.3 $ 954.3
Credit facility availability 3.5 15.3
Accounts receivable securitization program availability 7.0 26.3
Total liquidity $ 1,317.8 $ 995.9
Collateral Requirements
In November 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with the providers of its surety bond portfolio to resolve previous collateral demands. In accordance with the agreement, the Company initially provided $75.0 million of collateral, in the form of letters of credit. The Company subsequently granted second liens on $200.0 million of certain mining equipment and is further required to post an additional $25.0 million of collateral per year from 2021 through 2024 for the benefit of the surety providers. The collateral postings further increase to the extent the Company generates more than $100.0 million of free cash flow (as defined in the surety agreement) in any twelve-month period or has cumulative asset sales in excess of $10.0 million, as of the last quarter end during the term of the agreement. Based upon the Company’s free cash flow since entering into the surety agreement, additional collateral of $102.4 million was posted during the year ended December 31, 2022 and $74.4 million was posted in January 2023, in the form of cash-collateralized letters of credit. The Company is unable to accurately estimate future additional collateral postings due to the sensitivity of free cash flow to external market factors such as coal pricing.
Under the agreement, the relevant surety providers agreed to a standstill through December 31, 2025, during which time, the surety providers will not demand collateral incremental to that described above, draw on letters of credit posted for the benefit of themselves or cancel any existing surety bond. The Company will not pay dividends or make share repurchases during the standstill period, unless otherwise agreed between parties.
The Company is currently in negotiations with its surety providers to amend the existing agreement, including a modification to permit shareholder returns.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Collateralized Letter of Credit Agreement
In February 2022, the Company entered into a new agreement, which provides up to $250.0 million of capacity for irrevocable standby letters of credit, expected to primarily support reclamation bonding requirements. The agreement requires the Company to provide cash collateral at a level of 103% of the aggregate amount of letters of credit outstanding under the arrangement (limited to $5.0 million total excess collateralization.) Outstanding letters of credit bear a fixed fee in the amount of 0.75% per annum. The Company receives a variable deposit rate on the amount of cash collateral posted in support of letters of credit. The agreement has an initial expiration date of December 31, 2025. At December 31, 2022, letters of credit of $103.3 million were outstanding under the agreement, which were collateralized by cash of $111.0 million, which includes interest earned on deposits.
Margin Requirements
From time to time, the Company enters into hedging arrangements, including economic hedging arrangements, to manage various risks, including coal price volatility. Most hedging arrangements require the Company to post margin with its clearing broker based on the value of the related instruments and other credit factors. If the fair value of its exchange-cleared hedge portfolio moves significantly, the Company could be required to post additional margin, which could negatively impact its liquidity.
During 2022, the Company’s margin requirements have been driven primarily by coal derivative contracts entered into in the first half of 2021 related to 1.9 million metric tons of production at the Wambo Underground Mine in the Company’s Seaborne Thermal Mining segment. Based on planned production, the contracts were expected to settle at a rate of 1.2 million metric tons in 2022 and 0.7 million metric tons in 2023.
High demand and tight supply for coal globally during 2022 has resulted in a substantial rise in seaborne thermal coal prices, which has been amplified by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict resulting in unprecedented upward volatility in Newcastle coal pricing since late February 2022. The Newcastle financial price reached over $450 per metric ton during 2022, compared to approximately $166 per metric ton on December 31, 2021. As a result, the Company’s total initial and variation margin requirements reached approximately $750 million during March 2022. Margin is returned to the Company upon reductions in the underlying market coal price or, absent such reductions, cash is recovered as the Company delivers coal into the market at spot prices.
In order to meet its near-term liquidity requirements, particularly with respect to cash margin, the Company entered into a $150 million unsecured revolving credit facility in March 2022. Concurrently with this agreement, the Company entered into an agreement for at-the-market equity offerings of up to $225.0 million of the Company’s common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company borrowed and repaid $225.0 million under the revolving credit facility using net proceeds of $222.0 million from at-the-market issuances of 10.1 million shares of common stock and available cash. The Company made no additional borrowings and terminated the facility prior to its scheduled 2025 maturity, on August 4, 2022.
To reduce exposure to additional margin requirements, during 2022, the Company converted 0.8 million metric tons of financial hedges into fixed price physical sales. As of December 31, 2022, 0.6 million metric tons remain outstanding and are projected to settle during the first half of 2023.
On December 31, 2022, the Company had $255.5 million of margin posted. On February 17, 2023, the Company had $80.5 million of margin posted. For additional information regarding the Company’s coal derivative contracts, refer to Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Indebtedness
The Company’s total indebtedness as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is presented in the table below.
December 31,
Debt Instrument (defined below, as applicable) 2022 2021
(Dollars in millions)
6.000% Senior Secured Notes due March 2022 (2022 Notes) $ - $ 23.1
8.500% Senior Secured Notes due December 2024 (2024 Peabody Notes) - 62.6
10.000% Senior Secured Notes due December 2024 (2024 Co-Issuer Notes) - 193.9
Senior Secured Term Loan due 2024 (Co-Issuer Term Loans) - 206.0
6.375% Senior Secured Notes due March 2025 (2025 Notes) - 334.9
Senior Secured Term Loan due 2025, net of original issue discount (Senior Secured Term Loan) - 322.8
3.250% Convertible Senior Notes due March 2028 (2028 Convertible Notes) 320.0 -
Finance lease obligations 23.6 29.3
Less: Debt issuance costs (9.8) (34.8)
333.8 1,137.8
Less: Current portion of long-term debt 13.2 59.6
Long-term debt $ 320.6 $ 1,078.2
As further described below, during 2021, the Company completed a significant debt restructuring to extend maturities on its existing debt and obtain covenant relief. Subsequent to these restructuring activities, the Company utilized various methods allowable or required under its relevant debt agreements to retire all of its senior secured long-term debt by December 31, 2022, as only the 2028 Convertible Notes, which are further described below, and finance lease obligations remain outstanding.
The Company’s remaining indebtedness requires estimated contractual principal and interest payments, assuming interest rates in effect at December 31, 2022, of approximately $25 million in 2023, $16 million in 2024, $14 million in 2025, $13 million in 2026, $11 million in 2027 and $322 million thereafter.
Cash interest payments amounted to $118.5 million, $174.9 million and $126.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
2021 Debt Restructuring
During the first quarter of 2021, the Company completed a series of financing transactions to provide the Company with maturity extensions and covenant relief, while allowing it to maintain near-term operating liquidity. These transactions included a senior notes exchange, a revolving credit facility exchange, various amendments to the Company’s existing debt agreements and a support agreement with the Company’s surety bond providers. These transactions were preceded by an organizational realignment in which the Company formed certain wholly-owned subsidiaries (the Co-Issuers) to indirectly own and conduct the operations of the Company’s Wilpinjong Mine in Australia and the designation of such entities as unrestricted subsidiaries under the Company’s then-existing credit agreement (Credit Agreement) and senior notes’ indenture.
The senior notes exchange involved the tender of $398.7 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2022 Notes for aggregate consideration consisting of (a) $193.9 million aggregate principal amount of new 2024 Co-Issuer Notes, (b) $195.1 million aggregate principal amount of new 2024 Peabody Notes issued by the Company and (c) a cash payment of approximately $9.4 million.
Concurrently with the senior notes exchange, the Company solicited consents from holders of the 2022 Notes to certain proposed amendments to its existing senior notes’ indenture to (i) eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default applicable to the 2022 Notes and certain other provisions contained in their indenture and (ii) release the collateral securing the 2022 Notes and eliminate certain other related provisions. The Company received the requisite consents from holders of the 2022 Notes and entered into a supplemental indenture to reflect such amendments.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
The Company also restructured $216.0 million of existing revolving loans under the Credit Agreement by (i) paying down $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of such loans, (ii) compelling the Co-Issuers to incur $206.0 million of Co-Issuer Term Loans under a separate credit agreement, (iii) entering into a letter of credit facility (the Company LC Agreement) and (iv) amending the Credit Agreement.
Under the Company LC Agreement, the Company obtained a $324.0 million letter of credit facility under which its existing letters of credit under the Credit Agreement were deemed to be issued. Undrawn letters of credit under the Company LC Agreement bear interest at 6.00% per annum and unused commitments are subject to a 0.50% per annum commitment fee. The Company LC Agreement was subsequently amended during 2022 to mandatorily reduce its capacity by approximately $22 million to make allowable certain previously restricted payments for joint venture investments. The amendment creates an investment basket which allows payments of $30.0 million per year specifically limited to investment in renewable energy-related projects. The Company has no contractual commitment for such project investment. Unused portions of the basket carryover from year-to-year, and the total amount of investment will further reduce the credit facility capacity by a like amount, or a minimum of $10.0 million per year, through the maturity of the credit facility. In February 2023, the Company LC Agreement was further amended to reduce its capacity by an additional $65.0 million, accelerate its expiration date to December 31, 2023 from December 31, 2024, and eliminate the prepayment premium due upon any reduction of commitments thereunder prior to July 29, 2023.
The Company expects to utilize its collateralized letter of credit agreement to offset reductions in the capacity of the Company LC Agreement.
Completion of the 2021 debt restructuring transactions allowed the Company to finalize the surety transaction support agreement described above.
2021 Debt Retirements
During the remainder of 2021, the Company retired $293.3 million of debt principal for cash at an aggregate cost of $250.3 million, and $106.1 million of debt principal in exchange for 10.0 million shares of its common stock, as further described below.
In March 2021, as a requirement of the senior notes exchange, the Company purchased $22.4 million of the 2024 Peabody Notes at 80% of their accreted value, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
In June 2021, the Company announced an at-the-market equity offering program pursuant to which, as amended, the Company could offer and sell up to 32.5 million shares of its common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold approximately 24.8 million shares for net cash proceeds of $269.8 million. Such proceeds were utilized, in part, for the retirement of debt as described below.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company retired $91.4 million of 2024 Peabody Notes, $117.8 million of 2025 Notes and $61.7 million of its Senior Secured Term Loan primarily through various open market purchases at an aggregate cost of $232.4 million.
Also during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed multiple bilateral transactions with note holders in which the Company issued an aggregate 10.0 million shares of its common stock in exchange for $37.3 million aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes, $47.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes and $21.6 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Peabody Notes.
2022 Debt Retirements
During 2022, the Company retired $1,143.8 million of debt principal for cash at an aggregate cost of $1,172.0 million, as further described below. Such amounts exclude the $225.0 million principal amount borrowed and repaid under the now-terminated revolving facility described above.
On March 31, 2022, the Company retired the remaining principal balance of 2022 Notes upon maturity for $23.1 million.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, $62.5 million principal amount of the 2024 Peabody Notes was retired using proceeds from the offering of 2028 Convertible Notes, as further described below, and the remaining $0.1 million principal amount was retired through a mandatory repurchase offer required under the terms of their indenture and the Company LC Agreement. Such mandatory repurchase offers were required when the Company made open market repurchases of its debt. In general, the repurchase offers equated to 25% of the principal amount of priority lien debt repurchased in the preceding quarter at a price equal to the weighted average repurchase price paid over that quarter. In addition to the $0.1 million principal amount of 2024 Peabody Notes repurchased through such offers, the Company repurchased $42.2 million of aggregate priority lien obligations under the Company LC Agreement during 2022 at approximately 95%. The repurchases of Company LC Agreement commitments were effected by the posting of $40.1 million of collateral with the administrative agent and did not reduce the availability under the facility.
In March 2022, $257.4 million principal amount of the 2025 Notes was retired using proceeds from the offering of 2028 Convertible Notes, as further described below. The remaining 2025 Notes were retired through an open market repurchase of $11.4 million principal amount at 98.00% in September 2022 and, in accordance with the notes’ indenture, a voluntary prepayment of $66.1 million principal amount at 101.59% in December 2022.
The Senior Secured Term Loan was retired through various open market purchases of $44.1 million principal amount throughout 2022 at an aggregate cost of $42.1 million, scheduled quarterly principal amortization payments of $3.0 million, and, in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, a voluntary prepayment of $276.2 million principal amount at par in December 2022.
The 2024 Co-Issuer Notes and the Co-Issuer Term Loans were subject to mandatory prepayment offers at the end of each six-month period, beginning with June 30, 2021, whereby the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the 2024 Co-Issuer Notes indenture) generated by the Wilpinjong Mine during each such period could be applied to the principal of such notes and loans on a pro rata basis, provided that the liquidity attributable to the Wilpinjong Mine would not fall below $60.0 million. Such prepayments could be accepted or declined at the option of the debt holders. Based upon the Wilpinjong Mine’s results for the six-month periods ended December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022 and the resultant mandatory prepayment offers, during 2022, the Company prepaid $18.5 million principal amount of 2024 Co-Issuer Notes at an aggregate cost of $19.2 million and $17.2 million principal amount of Co-Issuer Term Loans at par.
Voluntary repurchases of Co-Issuer Term Loans were permissible through various methods, including a modified Dutch auction process in which the Company could solicit acceptable prices from holders. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company solicited bids from all holders of Co-Issuer Term Loans at various dates for the repurchase of the remaining outstanding principal amount, resulting in the valid tender and purchase of $185.9 million principal amount at an aggregate cost of $195.8 million.
The underlying terms of the 2024 Co-Issuer Notes and Co-Issuer Term Loans required parity between the holders of Co-Issuer Term Loans and holders of the 2024 Co-Issuer Notes with respect to repurchase offers such as those undertaken through the auction processes described above. As such, the Company solicited commensurate bids from all holders of 2024 Co-Issuer Notes at various dates during the year ended December 31, 2022 for the repurchase of the remaining outstanding principal amount, resulting in the valid tender and purchase of $147.3 million principal amount at an aggregate cost of $154.1 million.
Subsequent to the modified Dutch auction processes and related transactions, during the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company voluntarily prepaid the remaining $28.1 million principal amount of 2024 Co-Issuer Notes and $2.9 million principal amount of Co-Issuer Term Loans at an aggregate cost of $32.8 million, including certain make whole premium amounts.
3.250% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028
On March 1, 2022, through a private offering, the Company issued $320.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.250% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the 2028 Convertible Notes). The 2028 Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are governed under an indenture.
The Company used the proceeds of the offering of the 2028 Convertible Notes to redeem the remaining $62.5 million of its outstanding 2024 Peabody Notes and, together with available cash, approximately $257.4 million of its outstanding 2025 Notes, and to pay related premiums, fees and expenses relating to the offering of the 2028 Convertible Notes and the redemptions.
The 2028 Convertible Notes will mature on March 1, 2028, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms, as described in Note 10. “Long-term Debt” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The 2028 Convertible Notes will bear interest at a rate of 3.250% per year payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company’s reported common stock prices reached levels which prompted the conversion feature of the 2028 Convertible Notes. As a result, the 2028 Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders during the first quarter of 2023. The Company cannot currently satisfy the conversion obligation in cash because the terms of the Credit Agreement generally prohibit the Company from retiring unsecured debt with cash. It is the Company’s current intent and policy to settle any conversions of notes through shares of its common stock. Through February 17, 2023, the Company has not received any conversion requests and does not anticipate receiving any conversion requests in the near term as the market value of the 2028 Convertible Notes exceeds their conversion value.
Covenant Compliance
The Company was compliant with all relevant covenants under its debt agreements at December 31, 2022, including the minimum aggregate liquidity requirement under the Company LC Agreement which requires the Company’s restricted subsidiaries to maintain minimum aggregate liquidity of $125.0 million at the end of each quarter through December 31, 2023. The Company’s restricted subsidiaries’ relevant liquidity amounted to $1,250.4 million at December 31, 2022.
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program
As described in Note 20. “Financial Instruments, Guarantees With Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Other Guarantees” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company entered into an accounts receivable securitization program during 2017. The securitization program was amended in January 2022 to extend its maturity to January 2025 and reduce the available funding capacity from $250.0 million to $175.0 million. Funding capacity is limited to the availability of eligible receivables and is accounted for as a secured borrowing. Funding capacity under the program may also be utilized for letters of credit in support of other obligations. At December 31, 2022, the Company had no outstanding borrowings and $168.0 million of letters of credit outstanding under the program, which were primarily in support of portions of the Company’s reclamation obligations. The Company had no cash collateral posted under the Securitization Program at December 31, 2022.
The securitization program was amended again in February 2023 to increase the available funding capacity to $225.0 million and adjust the relevant interest rate for borrowings to a secured overnight financing rate (SOFR).
Capital Expenditures
For 2023, the Company is targeting total capital expenditures of approximately $325 million. Approximately $200 million of such amount is appropriated to major projects and growth capital expenditures, including approximately $120 million for the initial redevelopment of the Company’s North Goonyella mine.
Other Requirements
The Company will incur significant future cash outflows for certain liabilities related to its prior mining activities and former employees. Such cash flows pertain to postretirement benefit plans, work-related injuries and illnesses, defined benefit pension plans, mine reclamation and end-of-mine closure costs and exploration obligations and are estimated to amount to approximately $235 million in 2023, $100 million in 2024, $110 million in 2025, $100 million in 2026, $100 million in 2027 and $1,685 million thereafter.
The Company has various short- and long-term take-or-pay arrangements in Australia and the U.S. associated with rail and port commitments for the delivery of coal, including amounts relating to export facilities. The estimated future cash flows associated with such arrangements are approximately $100 million in 2023, $110 million in 2024, $105 million in 2025, $100 million in 2026, $100 million in 2027 and $875 million thereafter.
The Company’s operating lease commitments, excluding potential contingent rental amounts, will require cash payments of approximately $19 million in 2023, $7 million in 2024 and $4 million thereafter.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Cash Flows and Free Cash Flow
The following table summarizes the Company’s cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Free Cash Flow is a financial measure not recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section above for definitions and reconciliations to the most comparable measures under U.S. GAAP.
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,173.6 $ 420.0
Net cash used in investing activities (28.7) (131.5)
Net cash used in financing activities (681.6) (43.4)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 463.3 245.1
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 954.3 709.2
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 1,417.6 $ 954.3
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,173.6 $ 420.0
Net cash used in investing activities (28.7) (131.5)
Free Cash Flow $ 1,144.9 $ 288.5
Operating Activities. The net increase in net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was driven by a year-over-year increase in cash from the Company’s mining operations ($879.0 million) partially offset by increased cash utilized to satisfy the margin requirements associated with derivative financial instruments ($125.4 million).
Investing Activities. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was driven by increased cash receipts from Middlemount and other related parties ($126.7 million) and increased asset disposal proceeds ($22.8 million), partially offset by increased capital expenditures and payments of capital accruals ($48.5 million).
Financing Activities. The increase in net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was driven by higher repayments of debt principal ($1,122.0 million), decreased proceeds from common stock issuances in the current year ($47.8 million) and higher distributions to non-controlling interests ($13.6 million) partially offset by proceeds from long-term debt issuances of $545.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to various guarantees and financial instruments that carry off-balance-sheet risk and are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2022, such instruments included $1,376.8 million of surety bonds and $569.6 million of letters of credit. Such financial instruments provide support for its reclamation bonding requirements, lease obligations, insurance policies and various other performance guarantees. The Company periodically evaluates the instruments for on-balance-sheet treatment based on the amount of exposure under the instrument and the likelihood of required performance. The Company does not expect any material losses to result from these guarantees or off-balance-sheet instruments in excess of liabilities provided for in its consolidated balance sheets.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
As of December 31, 2022, the Company was party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in support of the following obligations:
Reclamation Health and welfare (1)
Contract performance (2)
Leased property and equipment Other (3)
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Surety bonds and bank guarantees $ 1,250.1 $ 40.5 $ 35.2 $ 35.0 $ 16.0 $ 1,376.8
Letters of credit outstanding under letter of credit facilities 300.8 91.9 3.9 5.0 - 401.6
Letters of credit outstanding under accounts receivable securitization program 137.0 19.2 11.8 - - 168.0
1,687.9 151.6 50.9 40.0 16.0 1,946.4
Less: Letters of credit in support of surety bonds (4)
(431.7) (31.9) (4.1) (1.2) - (468.9)
Obligations supported, net $ 1,256.2 $ 119.7 $ 46.8 $ 38.8 $ 16.0 $ 1,477.5
(1) Obligations include pension and health care plans, workers’ compensation, and property and casualty insurance.
(2) Obligations pertain to customer and vendor contracts.
(3) Obligations primarily pertain to the disturbance or alteration of public roadways in connection with the Company’s mining activities that is subject to future restoration.
(4) Serve as collateral for certain surety bonds at the request of surety bond providers.
Not presented in the above table is approximately $187 million of cash collateral posted by the Company and included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022. Such collateral is primarily in support of the financial instruments noted above, including in relation to the Company’s collateralized letter of credit agreement, mandatory repurchases of credit facility capacity, additional collateral in support of certain surety bonds, and amounts held directly with beneficiaries which are not supported by surety bonds.
Financial assurances associated with new reclamation bonding requirements, surety bonds or other obligations may require additional collateral in the form of cash or letters of credit causing a decline in the Company’s liquidity.
As described in Note 20. “Financial Instruments, Guarantees With Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Other Guarantees” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to provide various forms of financial assurance in support of its mining reclamation obligations in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Such requirements are typically established by statute or under mining permits.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had total asset retirement obligations of $750.0 million which were backed by a combination of surety bonds, bank guarantees and letters of credit.
Bonding requirement amounts may differ significantly from the related asset retirement obligation because such requirements are calculated under the assumption that reclamation begins currently, whereas the Company’s accounting liabilities are discounted from the end of a mine’s economic life (when final reclamation work would begin) to the balance sheet date.
Guarantees and Other Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk. See Note 20. “Financial Instruments, Guarantees With Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Other Guarantees” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the Company’s accounts receivable securitization program and guarantees and other financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources is based upon its financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company is also required under U.S. GAAP to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Asset Retirement Obligations. The Company’s asset retirement obligations primarily consist of spending estimates for surface land reclamation and support facilities at both surface and underground mines in accordance with applicable reclamation laws and regulations in the U.S. and Australia as defined by each mining permit. Asset retirement obligations are determined for each mine using various estimates and assumptions including, among other items, estimates of disturbed acreage as determined from engineering data, estimates of future costs to reclaim the disturbed acreage and the timing of these cash flows, escalated for inflation and then discounted using a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate. As changes in estimates occur (such as mine plan revisions, changes in estimated costs or changes in timing of the performance of reclamation activities), the revisions to the obligation and asset are recognized at the appropriate credit-adjusted, risk-free rate. If the Company’s assumptions do not materialize as expected, actual cash expenditures and costs that it incurs could be materially different than currently estimated. Moreover, regulatory changes could increase its obligation to perform reclamation and mine closing activities. Amortization associated with the Company’s asset retirement obligation assets of $26.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 was included in “Depreciation, depletion and amortization” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Asset retirement obligation expense, consisting of both accretion expense and changes in estimates for the Company’s inactive locations, for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $49.4 million and payments totaled $52.6 million. See Note 12. “Asset Retirement Obligations” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Company’s asset retirement obligations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets held and used in operations for impairment as events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets might not be recoverable. Factors that would indicate potential impairment to be present include, but are not limited to, a sustained history of operating or cash flow losses, an unfavorable change in earnings and cash flow outlook, prolonged adverse industry or economic trends and a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition. The Company generally does not view short-term declines in thermal and metallurgical coal prices as a triggering event for conducting impairment tests because of historic price volatility. However, the Company generally views a sustained trend of depressed coal pricing (for example, over periods exceeding one year) as an indicator of potential impairment. Because of the volatile and cyclical nature of coal prices and demand, it is reasonably possible that coal prices may decrease and/or fail to improve in the near term, which, absent sufficient mitigation such as an offsetting reduction in the Company’s operating costs, may result in the need for future adjustments to the carrying value of its long-lived mining assets and mining-related investments.
Assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. For its active mining operations, the Company generally groups such assets at the mine level, or the mining complex level for mines that share infrastructure, with the exception of impairment evaluations triggered by mine closures. In those cases involving mine closures, the related assets are evaluated at the individual asset level for remaining economic life based on transferability to ongoing operating sites or for expected salvage. For its development and exploration properties and portfolio of surface land and coal reserve and resource holdings, the Company considers several factors to determine whether to evaluate those assets individually or on a grouped basis for purposes of impairment testing. Such factors include geographic proximity to one another, the expectation of shared infrastructure upon development based on future mining plans and whether it would be most advantageous to bundle such assets in the event of a sale to a third party.
When indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates its long-lived assets for recoverability by comparing the estimated undiscounted cash flows in the LOM plan expected to be generated by those assets under various assumptions to their carrying amounts. If such undiscounted cash flows indicate that the carrying value of the asset group is not recoverable, impairment losses are measured by comparing the estimated fair value of the asset group to its carrying amount. As quoted market prices are unavailable for the Company’s individual mining operations, fair value is determined through the use of an expected present value technique based on the income approach, except for non-strategic coal reserves and resources, surface lands and undeveloped coal properties excluded from its long-range mine planning. In those cases, a market approach is utilized based on the most comparable market multiples available. The estimated future cash flows and underlying assumptions used to assess recoverability and, if necessary, measure the fair value of the Company’s long-lived mining assets are derived from those developed in connection with its planning and budgeting process. The Company believes its assumptions to be consistent with those a market participant would use for valuation purposes. The most critical assumptions underlying its projections and fair value estimates include those surrounding future tons sold, coal prices for unpriced coal, production costs (including costs for labor, commodity supplies and contractors), transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates and a risk-adjusted, cost of capital (all of which generally constitute unobservable Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy), in addition to market multiples for non-strategic coal reserves and resources, surface lands and undeveloped coal properties excluded from the Company’s long-range mine planning (which generally constitute Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Impairment charges related to long-lived assets of $9.5 million were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022. The assumptions used are based on the Company’s best knowledge at the time it prepares its analysis but can vary significantly due to the volatile and cyclical nature of coal prices and demand, regulatory issues, unforeseen mining conditions, commodity prices and cost of labor. These factors may cause the Company to be unable to recover all or a portion of the carrying value of its long-lived assets.
See Note 3. “Asset Impairment” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding impairment charges.
Income Taxes. Peabody accounts for income taxes in accordance with accounting guidance which requires deferred tax assets and liabilities to be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. The guidance also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is “more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In its evaluation of the need for a valuation allowance, Peabody takes into account various factors, including the expected level of future taxable income, available tax planning strategies, reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and taxable income in carryback years. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company released valuation allowances of $74.7 million recorded against the Australian NOLs and net deferred tax asset position due to the significant current year utilization of NOLs and expected future realization of the deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2022, the Company maintained valuation allowances for income taxes totaling $1,451.0 million. If actual results differ from the assumptions made in the annual evaluation of its valuation allowance, Peabody may record a change in valuation allowance through income tax expense in the period such determination is made.
Peabody’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits contains uncertainties because management is required to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the exposures associated with its various filing positions. Peabody recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position must be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. At December 31, 2022, the Company had net unrecognized tax benefits of $9.5 million included in recorded liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Peabody believes that its judgments and estimates are reasonable; however, to the extent it prevails in matters for which liabilities have been established, or are required to pay amounts in excess of its recorded liabilities, the Company’s effective tax rate in a given period could be materially affected.
See Note 8. “Income Taxes” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding valuation allowances and unrecognized tax benefits.
Postretirement Benefit and Pension Liabilities. Peabody has long-term liabilities for its employees’ postretirement benefit costs and defined benefit pension plans. Its pension obligations are funded in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and the Company’s policies. Liabilities for postretirement benefit costs are funded at its discretion. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Peabody recorded a total benefit related to postretirement benefit costs and pension of $49.1 million, while employer contributions were $15.9 million. An actuarial gain of $30.6 million was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Each of these liabilities is actuarially determined and Peabody uses various actuarial assumptions, including the discount rate, future cost trends, mortality tables, demographic assumptions and expected asset returns to estimate the costs and obligations for these items. Peabody’s discount rate is determined by utilizing a hypothetical bond portfolio model which approximates the future cash flows necessary to service its liabilities. The Company makes assumptions related to future trends for medical care costs in the estimates of postretirement benefit costs. Its medical trend assumption is developed by annually examining the historical trend of cost per claim data. In deciding which mortality tables to use, the Company periodically reviews its population’s actual mortality experience and evaluates results against its current assumptions as well as consider recent mortality tables published by the Society of Actuaries Retirement Plans Experience Committee in order to select mortality tables for use in its year end valuations. In addition, the Company makes assumptions related to rates of return on plan assets. If its assumptions do not materialize as expected, actual cash expenditures and costs that Peabody incurs could differ materially from its current estimates. Moreover, regulatory changes could affect Peabody’s obligation to satisfy these or additional obligations.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
For the Company’s postretirement benefit obligation, assumed discount rates and health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the expense and liability amounts reported for its health care plans. Below the Company has provided two separate sensitivity analyses to demonstrate the significance of these assumptions in relation to reported amounts.
For Year Ended December 31, 2022
One-Percentage-
Point Increase One-Percentage-
Point Decrease
(Dollars in millions)
Health care cost trend rate:
Effect on total net periodic postretirement benefit cost $ 0.5 $ (0.4)
Effect on total postretirement benefit obligation $ 11.3 $ (10.2)
For Year Ended December 31, 2022
One-Half
Percentage-
Point Increase One-Half
Percentage-
Point Decrease
(Dollars in millions)
Discount rate:
Effect on total net periodic postretirement benefit cost $ 0.9 $ (0.9)
Effect on total postretirement benefit obligation $ (6.0) $ 6.4
Expected return on assets:
Effect on total net periodic postretirement benefit cost $ (0.1) $ 0.1
For the Company’s pension obligation, assumed discount rates and expected returns on assets have a significant effect on the expense and funded status amounts reported for its defined benefit pension plans. Below the Company has provided two separate sensitivity analyses to demonstrate the significance of these assumptions in relation to reported amounts.
For Year Ended December 31, 2022
One-Half
Percentage-
Point Increase One-Half
Percentage-
Point Decrease
(Dollars in millions)
Discount rate:
Effect on total net periodic pension cost $ 2.4 $ (2.7)
Effect on defined benefit pension plans’ projected benefit obligation $ (5.0) $ 5.4
Expected return on assets:
Effect on total net periodic pension cost $ (3.7) $ 3.7
As a result of discretionary contributions made in recent years, its defined benefit pension plans have become nearly fully funded. As a result of the funding level, the asset allocation mix reflected Peabody’s target asset mix of 100% fixed income investments and the pensions plans’ assets provide a significant hedge to the funded status against interest rate movements. If the discount rate moves, Peabody’s actual results would be different than those shown above as substantially all of the change in the discount rate should be offset by changes to the expected return on plan assets.
See Note 13. “Postretirement Health Care and Life Insurance Benefits” and Note 14. “Pension and Savings Plans” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding postretirement benefit and pension plans.
Contingent liabilities. From time to time, Peabody is subject to legal and environmental matters related to its continuing and discontinued operations and certain historical, non-coal producing operations. In connection with such matters, the Company is required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes, as well as potential ranges of probable losses.
A determination of the amount of reserves required for these matters is made after considerable analysis of each individual issue. Peabody accrues for legal and environmental matters within “Operating costs and expenses” when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If a range of possible loss exists and no anticipated loss within the range is more likely than any other anticipated loss, the Company records the accrual at the low end of the range, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 450, “Contingencies.”
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Peabody provides disclosure surrounding loss contingencies when it believes that it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss may be incurred or an exposure to loss in excess of amounts already accrued may exist. Adjustments to contingent liabilities are made when additional information becomes available that affects the amount of estimated loss, which information may include changes in facts and circumstances, changes in interpretations of law in the relevant courts, the results of new or updated environmental remediation cost studies and the ongoing consideration of trends in environmental remediation costs.
Accrued contingent liabilities exclude claims against third parties and are not discounted. The current portion of these accruals is included in “Accounts payables and accrued expenses” and the long-term portion is included in “Other noncurrent liabilities” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In general, legal fees related to environmental remediation and litigation are charged to expense. The Company includes the interest component of any litigation-related penalties within “Interest expense” in its consolidated statements of operations. See Note 21. “Commitments and Contingencies” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company’s contingent liabilities.
Newly Adopted Accounting Standards and Accounting Standards Not Yet Implemented
See Note 1. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a discussion of newly adopted accounting standards and accounting standards not yet implemented.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
The potential for changes in the market value of the Company’s coal and freight-related trading, crude oil, diesel fuel and foreign currency contract portfolios, as applicable, is referred to as “market risk.” Market risk related to its coal trading and freight-related contract portfolio, which includes bilaterally-settled and over-the-counter (OTC) exchange-settled trading, in addition to, from time to time, the brokered trading of coal, is evaluated using a value at risk (VaR) analysis. VaR analysis is not used to evaluate the Company’s non-trading diesel fuel or foreign currency hedging portfolios, as applicable, or coal trading activities it employs in support of coal production (as discussed below). The Company attempts to manage market price risks through diversification, controlling position sizes and executing hedging strategies. Due to a lack of quoted market prices and the long-term, illiquid nature of the positions, the Company has not quantified market price risk related to its non-trading, long-term coal supply agreement portfolio.
Coal Trading Activities and Related Commodity Price Risk
Coal Price Risk Monitored Using VaR. Peabody engages in direct and brokered trading of physical coal and freight-related commodities in OTC markets. These activities give rise to commodity price risk, which represents the potential loss that can be caused by an adverse change in the market value of a particular commitment. Peabody actively measures, monitors, manages and hedges market price risk due to current and anticipated trading activities to remain within risk limits prescribed by management. For example, it has policies in place that limit the amount of market price risk, as measured by VaR, that the Company may assume at any point in time from its trading and brokerage activities.
Peabody generally accounts for its coal trading activities using the fair value method, which requires it to reflect contracts with third parties that meet the definition of a derivative at market value in its consolidated financial statements, with the exception of contracts for which it has elected to apply the normal purchases and normal sales exception. Peabody’s trading portfolio included futures, forwards and options as of December 31, 2022. The use of VaR allows the Company to quantify in dollars, on a daily basis, a measure of price risk inherent in its trading portfolio. VaR represents the expected loss in portfolio value due to adverse market price movements over a defined time horizon (liquidation period) within a specified confidence level. Peabody’s VaR model is based on a variance/co-variance approach, which captures its potential loss exposure related to future, forward, swap and option positions. Peabody’s VaR model assumes a 15-day holding period at the time of VaR measurement and produces an output corresponding with a 95% one-tailed confidence interval, which means that there is a one in 20 statistical chance that its portfolio could lose more than the VaR estimates during the assumed liquidation period. Peabody’s volatility calculation incorporates an exponentially weighted moving average algorithm based on price movements during the previous 60 market days, which makes its volatility more representative of recent market conditions while still reflecting an awareness of historical price movements. VaR does not estimate the maximum potential loss expected in the 5% of the time that changes in the portfolio value during the assumed liquidation period is expected to exceed measured VaR. The Company uses stress testing and scenario analysis to help provide visibility in such cases, as discussed further below.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
VaR analysis allows the Company to aggregate market price risk across products in the portfolio, compare market price risk on a consistent basis and identify the drivers of risk and changes thereto over time. Peabody uses historical data to estimate price volatility as an input to VaR. Given its reliance on historical data, the Company believes VaR is reasonably effective in characterizing market price risk exposures in markets in which there are not sudden fundamental changes or shifts in market conditions. Nonetheless, an inherent limitation of VaR is that past changes in market price risk factors may not produce accurate predictions of future market price risk. Due to that limitation, combined with the subjectivity in the choice of the liquidation period and reliance on historical data to calibrate its models, the Company performs stress and scenario analyses as needed to estimate the impacts of market price changes on the value of the portfolio. Additionally, back-testing is regularly performed to monitor the effectiveness of its VaR measure. The results of these analyses are used to supplement the VaR methodology and identify additional market price-related risks.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the actual low, high and average VaR associated with the Company’s trading and brokerage function was $0.6 million, $23.0 million and $5.4 million, respectively.
Other Risk Exposures. Peabody also uses its coal trading and brokerage platform to support various coal production-related activities. These transactions may involve coal to be produced from its mines, coal sourcing arrangements with third-party mining companies, joint venture positions with producers or offtake agreements with producers. While the support activities (such as the forward sale of coal to be produced and/or purchased) may ultimately involve instruments sensitive to market price risk, the sourcing of coal in these arrangements does not involve market risk sensitive instruments and does not encompass the commodity price risks that the Company monitors through VaR analysis, as discussed above.
Future Realization. As of December 31, 2022, the total estimated future realization of the value of the Company’s trading portfolio is expected to occur during 2023.
Peabody also monitors other types of risk associated with its coal trading activities, including credit, market liquidity and counterparty nonperformance.
Credit and Nonperformance Risk
The fair values of Peabody’s derivative instruments utilized for corporate hedging and coal trading activities reflect adjustments for credit risk, as necessary. The Company’s exposure is substantially with electric utilities, energy marketers, steel producers and nonfinancial trading houses. Its policy is to independently evaluate each counterparty’s creditworthiness prior to entering into transactions and to regularly monitor exposures. Peabody manages its counterparty risk from its hedging activities related to foreign currency and fuel exposures, as applicable, through established credit standards, diversification of counterparties, utilization of investment grade commercial banks, adherence to established tenor limits based on counterparty creditworthiness and continual monitoring of that creditworthiness. If the Company engages in a transaction with a counterparty that does not meet its credit standards, the Company seeks to protect its position by requiring the counterparty to provide an appropriate credit enhancement. Also, when appropriate (as determined by its credit management function), Peabody has taken steps to reduce its exposure to customers or counterparties whose credit has deteriorated and who may pose a higher risk of failure to perform under their contractual obligations. These steps include obtaining letters of credit or cash collateral (margin), requiring prepayments for shipments or the creation of customer trust accounts held for Peabody’s benefit to serve as collateral in the event of a failure to pay or perform. To reduce its credit exposure related to trading and brokerage activities, Peabody seeks to enter into netting agreements with counterparties that permit it to offset asset and liability positions with such counterparties and, to the extent required, Peabody will post or receive margin amounts associated with exchange-cleared and certain OTC positions. Peabody also continually monitors counterparty and contract nonperformance risk, if present, on a case-by-case basis.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Foreign Currency Risk
The Company has historically utilized currency forwards and options to hedge currency risk associated with anticipated Australian dollar expenditures. The accounting for these derivatives is discussed in Note 6. “Derivatives and Fair Value Measurements” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had currency options outstanding with an aggregate notional amount of $745.0 million Australian dollars to hedge currency risk associated with anticipated Australian dollar expenditures during the first nine months of 2023. Assuming the Company had no foreign currency hedging instruments in place, its exposure in operating costs and expenses due to a $0.10 change in the Australian dollar/U.S. dollar exchange rate is approximately $190 to $200 million for the next twelve months. Based upon the Australian dollar/U.S. dollar exchange rate at December 31, 2022, the currency option contracts outstanding at that date would limit the Company’s net exposure to a $0.10 unfavorable change in the exchange rate to approximately $167 million for the next twelve months. Subsequent to December 31, 2022, the Company entered into additional average rate options with an aggregate notional amount of $135.0 million Australian dollars related to the second and third quarters of 2023 and purchased collars with an aggregate notional amount of $150.0 million Australian dollars related to the second half of 2023. The additional average rate options have a strike price of $0.75. The purchased collars have a floor and ceiling of $0.63 and $0.75, respectively, whereby the Company would incur a loss on the instruments for rates below the floor and gain for rates above the ceiling. The Company anticipates it will continue to use options and collars to hedge Australian dollar currency risk.
Coal Price Risk
The Company predominantly manages its commodity price risk for its non-trading, long-term coal contract portfolio through the use of long-term coal supply agreements (those with terms longer than one year) to the extent possible, rather than through the use of derivative instruments. Sales under such agreements comprised approximately 85%, 84% and 89% of its worldwide sales (by volume) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately 111 million tons of U.S. thermal coal priced and committed for 2023. This includes approximately 92 million tons of PRB coal and 19 million tons of other U.S. thermal coal. The Company has the flexibility to increase volumes should demand warrant. Peabody is estimating 2023 thermal coal sales volumes from its Seaborne Thermal Mining segment of 14.5 million to 15.5 million tons comprised of thermal export volume of 9.0 million to 10.0 million tons and domestic volume of 5.5 million tons. Peabody is estimating full year 2023 metallurgical coal sales from its Seaborne Metallurgical Mining segment of 7.0 million to 8.0 million tons. Sales commitments in the metallurgical coal market are typically not long-term in nature, and the Company is therefore subject to fluctuations in market pricing.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company held coal derivative contracts related to a portion of its forecasted sales with an aggregate notional volume of 0.6 million tonnes. Such financial contracts may include futures, forwards and options. The notional volume is related predominantly to financial derivatives entered to support the profitability of the Wambo Underground Mine as part of a strategy to extend the mine’s life. All such tonnes will settle in 2023. The Newcastle thermal coal index was $398.50 per tonne on December 31, 2022, and the Company had posted $198 million of variation margin for the related derivative contracts at such date. A change in the Newcastle forward curve of $100 per tonne would increase or decrease the Company’s variation margin requirement by approximately $55 million and result in comparable unrealized gains or losses.
Diesel Fuel Price Risk
Previously, the Company managed price risk of the diesel fuel used in its mining activities through the use of derivatives, primarily swaps. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any diesel fuel derivative instruments in place. The Company also manages the price risk of diesel fuel through the use of cost pass-through contracts with certain customers.
The Company expects to consume 100 to 110 million gallons of diesel fuel during the next twelve months. A $10 per barrel change in the price of crude oil (the primary component of a refined diesel fuel product) would increase or decrease its annual diesel fuel costs by approximately $26 million based on its expected usage.
Interest Rate Risk
Peabody’s objectives in managing exposure to interest rate changes are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. As of December 31, 2022, Peabody had approximately $320.0 million of fixed-rate borrowings and no variable-rate borrowings outstanding and had no interest rate swaps in place. A one percentage point increase in interest rates would result in a decrease of approximately $23 million in the estimated fair value of these borrowings.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
See Part IV, Item 15. “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules” of this report for the information required by this Item 8, which information is incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Peabody’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, among other things, provide reasonable assurance that material information, both financial and non-financial, and other information required under the securities laws to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to senior management, including the principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, on a timely basis. As of December 31, 2022, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, Peabody’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2022 were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the desired control objectives were achieved.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Peabody periodically reviews its internal control over financial reporting as part of its efforts to ensure compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. In addition, Peabody routinely reviews its system of internal control over financial reporting to identify potential changes to its processes and systems that may improve controls and increase efficiency, while ensuring that the Company maintains an effective internal control environment. Changes may include such activities as implementing new systems; consolidating the activities of acquired business units; migrating certain processes to its shared services organizations and/or managed third parties; formalizing and refining policies, procedures and control documentation requirements; improving segregation of duties and adding monitoring controls. In addition, when Peabody acquires new businesses, it incorporate its controls and procedures into the acquired business as part of its integration activities.
There have been no changes in Peabody’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for maintaining and establishing adequate internal control over financial reporting. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. This evaluation is performed to determine if the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of inherent limitations, any system of internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance that the desired control objectives were achieved as of December 31, 2022.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Peabody’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has audited Peabody’s internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their unqualified opinion report included herein.
/s/ James C. Grech /s/ Mark A. Spurbeck
James C. Grech
President and Chief Executive Officer
Mark A. Spurbeck
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
February 24, 2023
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Peabody Energy Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Peabody Energy Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Peabody Energy Corporation (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of Peabody Energy Corporation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”) and our report dated February 24, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young, LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 24, 2023
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K is included under the caption Proposal 1 - “Election of Directors” in Peabody’s 2023 Proxy Statement and in Part I, Item 1. “Business” of this report under the caption “Information About Our Executive Officers.” The information required by Items 405, 406 and 407(c)(3), (d)(4) and (d)(5) of Regulation S-K is included under the captions “Stock Ownership,” “Additional Information Concerning the Board of Directors - Corporate Governance - Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” and “Additional Information Concerning the Board of Directors - Committee Overview - Audit Committee” in Peabody’s 2023 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11.Executive Compensation.
The information required by Items 402 and 407(e)(4) and (e)(5) of Regulation S-K is included under the captions “Additional Information Concerning the Board of Directors - Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Risk Assessment in Compensation Programs,” “Executive Compensation Tables,” “Pay Ratio Disclosure” and “Pay Versus Performance Disclosure” in Peabody’s 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K is included under the caption “Stock Ownership - Security Ownership of Directors and Management and Certain Beneficial Owners” in Peabody’s 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
As required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K, the following table provides information regarding Peabody’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2022:
(a)
Number of Securities
to be Issued
upon Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights Number of Securities
Remaining Available
for Future Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation Plans
(Excluding
Securities
Reflected in Column
(a))
Plan Category
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
624,553 (1)
$ - (2)
6,907,901
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
- - -
Total 624,553 $ - 6,907,901
(1)Shares issuable pursuant to outstanding performance units and vested but not issued deferred stock units. Performance units are shown at target and could change based on actual metrics achieved.
(2)The weighted-average exercise price shown in the table does not take into account outstanding deferred stock units or performance awards.
Refer to Note 16. “Share-Based Compensation” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the material features of Peabody’s current equity compensation plans.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by Items 404 and 407(a) of Regulation S-K is included under the captions “Review of Related Person Transactions” and “Additional Information Concerning the Board of Directors - Board Independence” in Peabody’s 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A is included under the caption “Audit Fees” in Peabody’s 2023 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Documents Filed as Part of the Report
(1) Financial Statements.
The following consolidated financial statements of Peabody Energy Corporation and the report thereon of the independent registered public accounting firm are included herein on the pages indicated:
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42)
Consolidated Statements of Operations - For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity - For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
The following financial statement schedule of Peabody Energy Corporation is at the page indicated:
Page
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
(3) Exhibits.
The exhibits below are numbered in accordance with the Exhibit Table of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
2.1 Debtors’ Second Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code as revised March 15, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 20, 2017).
2.2 Order Confirming Debtors’ Second Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on March 17, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 20, 2017).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
2.3 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2018, by and between Drummond Company, Inc. and Peabody Southeast Mining, LLC, and, for certain limited purposes, Peabody Energy Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 24, 2018).
2.4 Implementation Agreement, dated as of June 18, 2019, between Peabody Energy Corporation and Arch Coal, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on June 19, 2019).
3.1 Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2017).
3.2 Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2017).
4.1 Specimen of stock certificate representing the Registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 333-55412, filed May 1, 2001).
4.2 Indenture, dated as of February 15, 2017, between Peabody Securities Finance Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee, governing 6.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2022 and 6.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 15, 2017).
4.3 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 3, 2017, among the Registrant, Peabody Securities Finance Corporation, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 3, 2017).
4.4 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 7, 2018, among the Registrant, NGS Acquisition Corp., LLC, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018).
4.5 Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2018, between the Registrant and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018).
4.6 Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 7, 2018, among the Registrant, Peabody Southeast Mining, LLC, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018).
4.7 Description of Securities (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019).
4.8 Indenture dated as of January 29, 2021, by and among the Co-Issuers, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, and the Company (on a limited basis, to the extent of its obligations specifically set forth therein) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
4.9 Indenture dated as of January 29, 2021, by and among Peabody, the guarantors party thereto, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
4.10 Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 8, 2021, by and among the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
4.11 Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 29, 2021, by and among the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
4.12 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 3, 2021, by and among the Co-Issuers, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, and Peabody (on a limited basis, to the extent of its obligations specifically set forth therein) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2021).
4.13 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 3, 2021, by and among Peabody, the guarantors party thereto, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2021).
4.14 Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2022, between Peabody Energy Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2022).
10.1 Federal Coal Lease WYW0321779: North Antelope/Rochelle Mine (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Form S-4 Registration Statement No. 333-59073, filed July 14, 1998).
10.2 Federal Coal Lease WYW119554: North Antelope/Rochelle Mine (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Form S-4 Registration Statement No. 333-59073, filed July 14, 1998).
10.3 Federal Coal Lease WYW5036: Rawhide Mine (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s Form S-4 Registration Statement No. 333-59073, filed July 14, 1998).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
10.4 Federal Coal Lease WYW3397: Caballo Mine (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s Form S-4 Registration Statement No. 333-59073, filed July 14, 1998).
10.5 Federal Coal Lease WYW83394: Caballo Mine (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s Form S-4 Registration Statement No. 333-59073, filed July 14, 1998).
10.6 Federal Coal Lease WYW136142 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Form S-4 Registration Statement No. 333-59073, filed September 8, 1998).
10.7 Royalty Prepayment Agreement by and among Peabody Natural Resources Company, Gallo Finance Company and Chaco Energy Company, dated September 30, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998).
10.8 Federal Coal Lease WYW154001: North Antelope Rochelle South (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004).
10.9 Federal Coal Lease WYW150210: North Antelope Rochelle Mine (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005).
10.10 Federal Coal Lease WYW151134 effective May 1, 2005: West Roundup (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005).
10.11 Federal Coal Lease Readjustment WYW78633: Caballo (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).
10.12 Transfer by Assignment and Assumption of Federal Coal Lease WYW172657: Caballo West (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).
10.13 Federal Coal Lease WYW176095: Porcupine South (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).
10.14 Federal Coal Lease WYW173408: North Porcupine (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).
10.15 Federal Coal Lease WYW172413: School Creek (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).
10.16 Separation Agreement, Plan of Reorganization and Distribution, dated October 22, 2007, between the Registrant and Patriot Coal Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2007).
10.17 Tax Separation Agreement, dated October 22, 2007, between the Registrant and Patriot Coal Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2007).
10.18 Coal Act Liabilities Assumption Agreement, dated October 22, 2007, among Patriot Coal Corporation, Peabody Holding Company, LLC and the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2007).
10.19 Salaried Employee Liabilities Assumption Agreement, dated October 22, 2007, among Patriot Coal Corporation, Peabody Holding Company, LLC, Peabody Coal Company, LLC and the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2007).
10.20 Coal Supply Agreement, dated October 22, 2007, between Patriot Coal Sales LLC and COALSALES II, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2007).
10.21 Settlement Agreement entered into as of October 24, 2013, by and among Patriot Coal Corporation, on behalf of itself and its affiliates, the Registrant, on behalf of itself and its affiliates, and the United Mine Workers of America, on behalf of itself and the UMWA Employees and UMWA Retirees (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 30, 2013).
10.22 Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2015, by and between Four Star Holdings, LLC and Western Megawatt Resources, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015).
10.23* Contract of Employment, dated October 22, 2020, between Peabody Energy Australia Coal Pty Ltd and Darren R. Yeates (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 26, 2020).
10.24* Variation of Employment Contract, dated August 11, 2021, between Peabody Energy Australia Coal Pty Ltd and Darren R. Yeates (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 13, 2021).
10.25* Peabody Energy Corporation 2019 Executive Severance Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018).
10.26 Termination Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2020, between Peabody Energy Corporation and Arch Resources, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 6, 2020).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
10.27 Limited Waiver to Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between Four Star Holdings, LLC and Western Megawatt Resources, LLC dated March 30, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 31, 2016).
10.28 Fifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2016, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, the various Sub-Servicers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Conduit Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Committed Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Purchaser Agents listed on the signature pages thereto, all LC Participants listed on the signature pages thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as LC Bank (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 31, 2016).
10.29 First Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2016, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, the various Sub-Servicers listed on the signature pages thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as the Sole Purchaser, Committed Purchaser, LC Bank and LC Participant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 13, 2016).
10.30 Second Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2016, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, P&L Receivables Company, LLC, the various Sub-Servicers listed on the signature pages thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as the Sole Purchaser, Committed Purchaser, LC Bank and LC Participant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 22, 2016).
10.31 Sixth Amendment to the Sixth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, all Committed Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Purchaser Agents listed on the signature pages thereto, all LC Participants listed on the signature pages thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as LC Bank (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).
10.32 Receivables Purchase Facility Commitment Letter entered into as of January 27, 2017, by and among the Registrant, P&L Receivables Company, LLC and PNC Bank, National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 27, 2017).
10.33 Notice Letter and Term Sheet dated as of February 15, 2017, for Amendments to the Receivables Purchase Facility Commitment Letter entered into as of January 27, 2017, by and among the Registrant, P&L Receivables Company, LLC and PNC Bank, National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.128 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016).
10.34 Settlement Agreement dated as of March 13, 2017 by and among the Registrant, certain subsidiaries of the Registrant, and the United Mine Workers of America 1974 Pension Plan and Trust (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 17, 2017).
10.35 Sixth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2017, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, the various Sub-Servicers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Conduit Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Committed Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Purchaser Agents listed on the signature pages thereto, all LC Participants listed on the signature pages thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as LC Bank (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2017).
10.36 First Amendment to the Sixth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2017, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, the various parties identified on the signature pages thereto as Sub-Servicers, Metropolitan Collieries Pty Ltd, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as the sole Purchaser Agent, Committed Purchaser, LC Bank and LC Participant on the date thereof (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 14, 2017).
10.37 Second Amendment to the Sixth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2017, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, Regions Bank, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as the sole Purchaser Agent, Committed Purchaser, LC Bank and LC Participant on the date thereof (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).
10.38 Fifth Amendment to the Sixth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2019, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, all Committed Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Purchaser Agents listed on the signature pages thereto, all LC Participants listed on the signature pages thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as LC Bank (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 4, 2019).
10.39 Credit Agreement dated as of April 3, 2017, among the Registrant, as Borrower, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 3, 2017).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
10.40 Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of the Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent, dated as of September 18, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 18, 2017).
10.41 Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent, dated as of November 17, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 20, 2017).
10.42 Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent, dated as of December 18, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 19, 2017).
10.43 Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent, dated as of April 11, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 11, 2018).
10.44 Amendment No. 5 to Credit Agreement, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent, dated as of June 27, 2018 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018).
10.45 Amendment No. 6 to Credit Agreement, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the incremental revolving lenders party thereto, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as existing administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as successor administrative agent, dated as of September 17, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019).
10.46 Amendment No. 7 to Credit Agreement by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of the Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as successor administrative agent, dated as of September 17, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019).
10.47 Amendment No. 8 to Credit Agreement by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, dated as of January 29, 2021 (as successor to Goldman Sachs Bank USA in its capacity as administrative agent) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
10.48 Credit Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2021, among the Co-Issuers, as borrowers, Peabody Energy Corporation, as parent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
10.49 Credit Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2021, among the Registrant, as borrower, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
10.50* Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed April 3, 2017).
10.51 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 3. 2017, among the Registrant and the stockholders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed, April 3, 2017).
10.52 Form of Indemnification Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017).
10.53* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 3, 2017).
10.54* Form of Restrictive Covenant Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 3, 2017).
10.55* Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017).
10.56* Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).
10.57 Form of Indemnification Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.73 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
10.58* Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.74 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018).
10.59* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (ELT Level 2019 Special Award) under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.75 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019).
10.60* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Director Level and Above 2019 Special Award) under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.76 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019).
10.61* Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020).
10.62* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Director Level and Above 2020 Off-Cycle Award) under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020).
10.63* Form of Performance Share Units Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020).
10.64* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020).
10.65* Form of 2021 Service-Based Cash Award Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2021).
10.66* Form of Amendment No. 1 to 2021 Service-Based Cash Award Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2021).
10.67* Form of 2022 Service-Based Cash Award Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (US Employees) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.75 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.68* Form of 2022 Performance-Based Cash Award Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (US Employees) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.76 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.69* Form of 2022 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (US Employees) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.77 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.70* Form of 2022 Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (AUS Employees) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.78 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.71* Offer of Restricted Stock Units to Australian Resident Grantees under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (AUS Employees) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.79 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.72* Form of 2022 Service-Based Cash Award Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (AUS Employees) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.80 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.73* Form of 2022 Performance-Based Cash Award Agreement under the Peabody Energy Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (AUS Employees) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.81 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.74 Agreement, dated as of February 4, 2020, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, Elliott Investment Management L.P., Elliott Associates, L.P. and Elliott International, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 5, 2020).
10.75 Management Services Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2020, by and between Peabody Investments Corp. and each of the Client Companies listed on the signature page thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).
10.76 Management Services Agreement, dated as August 4, 2020, by and between Peabody Energy Australia Pty Ltd and each of the Client Companies listed on the signature page thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020).
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
10.77 Transaction Support Agreement, dated as of November 6, 2020, between Peabody Energy Corporation, certain subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation and the Participating Sureties (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020).
10.78 Transaction Support Agreement, dated as of December 24, 2020, between Peabody, certain subsidiaries of Peabody, the Revolving Lenders, the Administrative Agent, and the Consenting Noteholders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 28, 2020).
10.79 Amended and Restated Transaction Support Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2020, between Peabody, certain subsidiaries of Peabody, the Revolving Lenders, the Administrative Agent, and the Consenting Noteholders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 4, 2021).
10.80 First Amendment to Amended and Restated Transaction Support Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2021, between Peabody, certain subsidiaries of Peabody, the Revolving Lenders, the Administrative Agent, and the Consenting Noteholders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 1, 2021).
10.81 Agreement for Irrevocable Standby Letters of Credit, dated as of February 17, 2022, between Peabody and Goldman Sachs Bank USA (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.89 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
10.82 Eighth Amendment to the Sixth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2022, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, all Committed Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Purchaser Agents listed on the signature pages thereto, all LC Participants listed on the signature pages thereto, PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as LC Bank and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as Structuring Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 31, 2022).
10.83 Credit Agreement, dated March 7, 2022, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, as borrower, Goldman Sachs Lending Partners LLC, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 7, 2022).
10.84 Commitment Agreement, dated March 23, 2022, by and among Peabody Investments Corp., The Prudential Insurance Company of America and Fiduciary Counselors Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 5, 2022).
10.85† Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 7, 2022, among the Peabody Energy Corporation, certain subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto.
10.86† Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2022, among the Peabody Energy Corporation, certain subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto.
10.87 Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2023, by and among Peabody Energy Corporation, the subsidiaries of Peabody Energy Corporation party thereto as reaffirming parties, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 6, 2023).
10.88 Ninth Amendment to the Sixth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 13, 2023, by and among P&L Receivables Company, LLC, Peabody Energy Corporation, all Committed Purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto, all Purchaser Agents listed on the signature pages thereto, all LC Participants listed on the signature pages thereto, PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator and as LC Bank and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as Structuring Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 14, 2023).
21† List of Subsidiaries.
23.1† Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
23.2† Consents of Qualified Persons for Technical Report Summary for the North Antelope Rochelle Mine.
23.3† Consents of Qualified Persons for Technical Report Summary for the Shoal Creek Mine.
23.4† Consents of Qualified Persons for Technical Report Summary for the Wilpinjong Mine.
23.5† Consents of Qualified Persons for Technical Report Summary for the Coppabella Moorvale Joint Venture.
31.1† Certification of periodic financial report by the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2† Certification of periodic financial report by the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1† Certification of periodic financial report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer.
Peabody Energy Corporation 2022 Form 10-K
32.2† Certification of periodic financial report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer.
95† Mine Safety Disclosure required by Item 104 of Regulation S-K.
96.1 Technical Report Summary for the North Antelope Rochelle Mine, effective as of December 31, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.1 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022)
96.2 Technical Report Summary for the Shoal Creek Mine, effective as of December 31, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.2 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
96.3 Technical Report Summary for the Wilpinjong Mine, effective as of December 31, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.3 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
96.4 Technical Report Summary for the Coppabella Moorvale Joint Venture, effective as of December 31, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.4 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 18, 2022).
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
* These exhibits constitute all management contracts, compensatory plans and arrangements required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(a)(3) and 15(b) of this report.
† Filed herewith.
Pursuant to the Instructions to Exhibits, certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are not filed because the total amount of securities authorized under any such instrument does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. A copy of such instrument will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.