EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1037540
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1037540_10-K_2025_0001656423-25-000009.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
General
BXP, a Delaware corporation, is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT, and is one of the largest publicly-traded office REITs (based on total market capitalization as of December 31, 2024) in the United States that develops, owns and manages primarily premier workplaces. BXP was formed in 1997 to succeed the real estate development, redevelopment, acquisition, management, operating and leasing businesses associated with the predecessor company founded by Mortimer B. Zuckerman and Edward H. Linde in 1970.
Our properties are concentrated in six dynamic gateway markets-Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC. At December 31, 2024, we owned or had joint venture interests in a portfolio of 185 commercial real estate properties, aggregating approximately 53.3 million net rentable square feet of primarily premier workplaces, including seven properties under construction/redevelopment totaling approximately 2.3 million net rentable square feet. As of December 31, 2024, our properties consisted of:
•163 office and life sciences properties (including five properties under construction/redevelopment);
•14 retail properties (including one property under construction);
•seven residential properties (including one property under construction); and
•one hotel.
We consider premier workplaces to be well-located buildings that are modern structures or have been modernized to compete with newer buildings, are professionally managed and maintained, and offer a number and type of amenities that are in high demand by clients that are focused on the importance of the physical work environment in recruiting and retaining the best and brightest employees. As such, these properties attract creditworthy clients and command upper-tier rental rates in their markets. We do not consider the expression “premier workplaces” a classification of our properties in accordance with any standard listing criteria in the real estate industry. We therefore caution investors that our use and definition of “premier workplaces” may be different than the use and definition of similar expressions and traditional classifications that may be used by other companies.
We are a full-service real estate company, with substantial in-house expertise and resources in acquisitions, development, financing, capital markets, construction management, property management, marketing, leasing, accounting, risk management, tax and legal services. For this reason, we refer to our tenants as “clients” due to the many facets of our continuous engagements with them, which span beyond the usual tenant/landlord relationship. Throughout this Annual Report, we use the terms “tenant” and “client” interchangeably.
BXP manages BPLP as its sole general partner. Our principal executive office and Boston regional office are located at The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199 and our telephone number is (617) 236-3300. In addition, we have regional offices at 2800 28th Street, Santa Monica, California 90405, 599 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022, Two Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, California 94111, 1001 Fourth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98154 and 2200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037.
Our internet address is http://www.bxp.com. On our website, you can obtain free copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, including exhibits, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. You may also obtain BXP’s and BPLP’s reports by accessing the EDGAR database at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov, or we will furnish an electronic or paper copy of these reports free of charge upon written request to: Investor Relations, BXP, Inc., Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199. “Boston Properties” is a registered trademark, BXP is a registered trademark, and the “bxp” logo is a registered trademark, in all cases, owned by BPLP.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
BPLP is a Delaware limited partnership organized in 1997, and the entity through which BXP conducts substantially all of its business and owns, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of its assets. BXP is the sole general partner of BPLP and, as of February 21, 2025, the owner of approximately 89.5% of the economic interests in BPLP. Economic interest was calculated as the number of common partnership units of BPLP
owned by BXP as a percentage of the sum of (1) the actual aggregate number of outstanding common partnership units of BPLP and (2) the number of common units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding long term incentive plan units of BPLP (“LTIP Units”), for which all performance conditions have been satisfied for such conversion. We exclude from (1) and (2) above other LTIP Units issued in the form of Multi-Year Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards in 2023 or later (“MYLTIP Awards”), which remain subject to performance conditions. An LTIP Unit is generally the economic equivalent of a share of BXP’s restricted common stock, although LTIP Units issued in the form of MYLTIP Awards are only entitled to receive one-tenth (1/10th) of the regular quarterly distributions (and no special distributions) prior to being earned.
Transactions During 2024
Acquisitions
On January 8, 2024, we completed the acquisition of our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue, located in Washington, DC. At acquisition, the total net equity acquired was $20.0 million, which includes $10.0 million in cash that we paid for the joint venture partner's 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture. The property is subject to existing mortgage indebtedness of approximately $207.1 million (see “Secured Debt” below). The acquisition resulted in us recording a gain upon consolidation of approximately $21.8 million, which is the difference between the fair value of the previously held equity method investment immediately prior to the consolidation of $10.0 million, less our costs basis of approximately $(11.8) million. The gain on consolidation is included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures in the Consolidated Statement of Operations (See Notes 3, 6 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). 901 New York Avenue is a premier workplace consisting of approximately 508,000 net rentable square feet.
On December 27, 2024, we completed the acquisition of 725 12th Street, an approximately 300,000 net rentable square foot, 12-story premier workplace located in Washington, DC, for a purchase price, excluding transaction costs, of $34.0 million. The acquisition was completed with available cash. Following the acquisition, we commenced redevelopment of the property. When completed, 725 12th Street is expected to total approximately 320,000 net rentable square feet of office and retail space. The project is 47% pre-leased as of February 21, 2025.
Pending Disposition and Impairment
At March 31, 2024, we evaluated the expected hold period for a portion of our Shady Grove property, consisting of 2 Choke Cherry Road, 2094 Gaither Road and a land parcel, located in Rockville, Maryland. Based on a shorter-than-expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of a portion of the property that we anticipate selling to a third-party developer to its estimated fair value at March 31, 2024. As a result, each of BXP and BPLP recognized an impairment loss of approximately $13.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. Our estimated fair value was based on Level 3 inputs as defined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 and the terms of a pending offer from a third-party.
On May 7, 2024, we entered into an agreement with the third-party developer for the sale of 2 Choke Cherry Road, 2094 Gaither Road and the land parcel, located in Rockville, Maryland, for an aggregate gross sale price of approximately $24.8 million. On July 22, 2024, we executed an amendment to the agreement for an aggregate gross sale price of approximately $24.7 million. 2 Choke Cherry Road and 2094 Gaither Road are two vacant office properties aggregating approximately 143,000 net rentable square feet that were taken out of service and held for redevelopment. The disposition is subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions and there can be no assurance that this transaction will be consummated on the terms currently contemplated or at all.
Developments/Redevelopments
As of December 31, 2024, we had seven properties under construction/redevelopment, which we expect will total approximately 2.3 million net rentable square feet when completed. We estimate our share of the aggregate total investment to complete these projects is approximately $2.3 billion, of which approximately $1.3 billion remained to be invested as of December 31, 2024. The total development pipeline, including office, laboratory/life sciences and retail developments, but excluding our residential development 121 Broadway Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is 50% pre-leased as of February 21, 2025. For a detailed list of the properties under construction/redevelopment see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” within “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
On February 12, 2024, we commenced the development of a residential project at 121 Broadway Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts that is adjacent to our development projects at 290 Binney Street and 300 Binney Street. 121 Broadway will consist of 439 residential units aggregating approximately 492,000 net rentable square feet. There can be no assurance that we will complete development of the project on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all.
On April 5, 2024, we completed and fully placed in-service 760 Boylston Street, an approximately 118,000 net rentable square foot retail redevelopment located in Boston, Massachusetts.
On July 17, 2024, we partially placed in-service Reston Next Office Phase II, an approximately 90,000 net rentable square foot development project comprised of office and retail space located in Reston, Virginia.
On September 26, 2024, we fully placed in-service 180 CityPoint, an approximately 329,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project located in Waltham, Massachusetts.
On October 5, 2024, we fully placed in-service 103 CityPoint, an approximately 113,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project located in Waltham, Massachusetts.
On October 31, 2024, we completed and fully placed in-service 300 Binney Street, a laboratory/life sciences redevelopment project with approximately 240,000 net rentable square feet located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Leases
On March 28, 2024, we entered into a 90-year air rights lease with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation for an approximately 61,000 square foot site at the parking garage located at 100 Clarendon Street and the concourse level of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority’s Back Bay Station (the “Station”). The lease requires annual base rental payments of $250,000 until the commencement of construction, as defined in the lease. If we commence construction of a project on the site on or before August 1, 2028 then a final fixed rental payment is due in accordance with the lease at that time. After August 1, 2028, if we commence construction of a project on the site, then a final rental payment based on the then current fair market value will be due at that time. In addition, the lease requires annual payments of $500,000 through 2033 to fund maintenance and improvements to the Station. We have assumed that we will begin construction on the site on or before August 1, 2028. The incremental borrowing rate for this lease is 6.57% per annum. The net present value of the ground lease payments is approximately $23.2 million. We classify this lease as an operating lease. As a result, we recorded a Right of Use Assets - Operating Leases and Lease Liabilities - Operating Leases of approximately $23.9 million and $23.2 million, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2024. The ground lease had operating lease costs of approximately $0.3 million for the period from March 28, 2024 through December 31, 2024. There can be no assurance that we will commence construction on the ground lease site on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all.
We have a ground lease for the land underlying our residential property, The Skylyne, in Oakland, California. The Skylyne is a residential property consisting of 402 residential units and supporting retail space totaling approximately 331,000 net rentable square feet. The ground lease has approximately 92 years remaining (including extension options) and provides us with the right to purchase the land subject to certain conditions. When the lease was executed in 2017, the purchase option was considered a bargain purchase option and, as a result, we classified it as a finance lease and we assumed the lessor would exercise its right to require us to purchase the land in May 2024 for approximately $38.7 million. In May 2024 and as of the date of this report, the lessor has not exercised this option and we reassessed the accounting for the ground lease and determined that the purchase option continues to be considered a bargain purchase option and the ground lease will continue to be accounted for as a finance lease. The lease requires monthly base rental payments of a nominal amount until the purchase occurs, which we now estimate will be in 2030. As a result of the reassessment, the lease liability was remeasured and reduced to approximately $0.1 million. In conjunction with the reduction in the lease liability, the right of use asset was reduced to $0 and the difference between the lease liability and right of use asset, before the remeasurement, of approximately $9.5 million was recorded as a decrease to interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024. There can be no assurance that we will ultimately exercise the ground lease purchase option on the schedule currently contemplated or at all.
Secured Debt
On January 8, 2024, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements). The property is subject to existing mortgage indebtedness. At acquisition, the mortgage loan had an outstanding principal balance of approximately $207.1 million, bore interest at 3.61% per annum and was scheduled to mature on January 5, 2025. The mortgage loan was recorded at a fair value of approximately $198.7 million. On January 11, 2024, we modified the mortgage loan to provide for two extension options totaling five years of additional term, each subject to certain conditions. On December 20, 2024, we exercised the first extension option to extend the maturity date to January 5, 2029. At the time of the extension, the outstanding principal balance was $202.3 million. The extended loan will bear interest at 5.00% per annum beginning January 5, 2025. The loan has a one-year extension option remaining, subject to certain conditions.
On October 8, 2024, we modified the mortgage loan collateralized by our Santa Monica Business Park properties located in Santa Monica, California. The mortgage loan had an outstanding principal balance of $200.0 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum and was scheduled to mature on July 19, 2025. The modified loan is scheduled to mature on October 8, 2028 and continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum until July 19, 2025. Beginning July 19, 2025, the mortgage loan will bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.60% per annum through the maturity date. The entire principal is subject to interest rate swap contracts to fix Daily Simple SOFR at a weighted-average fixed interest rate of approximately 2.675% per annum through April 1, 2025 (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The mortgage loan requires monthly interest-only payments during the term of the loan, with the entire principal due at maturity. Santa Monica Business Park is an office park consisting of 21 buildings totaling approximately 1.2 million net rentable square feet.
Unsecured Debt
On February 1, 2024, BPLP repaid $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.800% senior notes due February 1, 2024. The repayment was completed with available cash. The repayment price was approximately $713.3 million, which was equal to the stated principal plus approximately $13.3 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repayment date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the repayment price was equal to the principal amount being repaid.
On April 17, 2024, BPLP established an unsecured commercial paper program. Under the terms of the program, BPLP may issue, from time to time, unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any one time of $500.0 million with varying maturities of up to one year. Amounts available under the unsecured commercial paper program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The notes are sold in private placements and rank pari passu with all of BPLP’s other unsecured senior indebtedness, including its outstanding senior notes. The commercial paper program is backstopped by available capacity under BPLP’s unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2021 Credit Facility”). At December 31, 2024, BPLP had an aggregate of $500.0 million of unsecured commercial paper notes outstanding that bore interest at a weighted-average rate of approximately 4.79% per annum and had a weighted-average maturity of 38 days from the issuance date.
On April 29, 2024, BPLP repaid $500.0 million of the outstanding balance of its $1.2 billion unsecured term loan facility (the “2023 Unsecured Term Loan”) from the proceeds of its unsecured commercial paper program. On May 16, 2024, BPLP exercised its option to extend the maturity date of the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan to May 16, 2025. All other terms of the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan remain unchanged (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
On April 29, 2024, BPLP increased the maximum borrowing amount under the 2021 Credit Facility from $1.815 billion to $2.0 billion. All other terms of the 2021 Credit Facility, including its maturity date of June 15, 2026, remain unchanged (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
On August 26, 2024, BPLP completed a public offering of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.750% unsecured senior notes due 2035. The notes were priced at 99.961% of the principal amount to yield an effective rate (including financing fees) of approximately 5.842% per annum to maturity. The notes will mature on January 15, 2035, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $841.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and transaction expenses.
On September 27, 2024, BPLP entered into a credit agreement that provides for a $100.0 million unsecured term loan facility (the “2024 Unsecured Term Loan”) with a lender (the “Lender”) under the mortgage loan collateralized by our Santa Monica Business Park properties located in Santa Monica, California (the “SMBP Loan”). Upon entry into the credit agreement, BPLP exercised its option to draw $100.0 million under the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan. The proceeds were used to modify and repay the portion of the SMBP Loan held by the Lender. After
the repayment, the SMBP Loan had a remaining principal balance of $200.0 million. The 2024 Unsecured Term Loan matures on September 26, 2025 with three, one-year extension options, subject to customary conditions (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Equity Transactions
During the year ended December 31, 2024, BXP acquired an aggregate of 1,147,013 common units of limited partnership interest, including a total of 122,241 common units issued upon the conversion of LTIP Units, 2012 outperformance plan awards (“2012 OPP Units”) and 2013 - 2019 multi-year, long-term incentive program awards, presented by the holders for redemption, in exchange for an equal number of shares of BXP common stock.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
On January 2, 2024, a joint venture in which we have a 50% ownership interest partially placed in-service 651 Gateway, an approximately 327,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project in South San Francisco, California. This property was fully placed in-service on January 2, 2025.
On January 8, 2024, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue, located in Washington, DC, for a gross purchase price of $10.0 million in cash (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Prior to the acquisition, we had a 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture and accounted for it under the equity method of accounting. The acquisition resulted in us having full ownership of the joint venture such that we now account for its assets, liabilities, and operations on a consolidated basis in our financial statements instead of under the equity method of accounting. As a result, we recognized a gain on consolidation of approximately $21.8 million.
On February 6, 2024, a joint venture in which we have a 25% ownership interest extended the maturity date of the loan collateralized by its 3 Hudson Boulevard property. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding principal balance totaling $80.0 million and was scheduled to mature on February 9, 2024. The extended loan was scheduled to mature on May 9, 2024. On May 8, 2024, the loan was extended 30 days and on June 7, 2024, the loan was extended an additional 60 days. The extended loan continued to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Term SOFR plus approximately 3.61% per annum and matured on August 7, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the loan was in a maturity default and had an outstanding balance, including accrued and unpaid interest and default interest of approximately $119.6 million. The joint venture is negotiating a new third-party loan, however, there can be no assurance that the joint venture will enter into a new third-party loan on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all. We are the lender of the loan and the loan and accrued interest are reflected as Related Party Note Receivables, Net and Tenant and Other Receivables, Net, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. 3 Hudson Boulevard consists of land and improvements held for future development located in New York, New York.
On February 9, 2024, a joint venture in which we have a 50% ownership interest exercised an option to extend the maturity date of the construction loan collateralized by its 7750 Wisconsin Avenue property. The construction loan had a total commitment amount of approximately $252.6 million. The extended loan continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Term SOFR plus 1.35% per annum and matures on April 26, 2025. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding balance totaling approximately $251.6 million and was scheduled to mature on April 26, 2024. 7750 Wisconsin Avenue is a premier workplace with approximately 736,000 net rentable square feet located in Bethesda, Maryland.
On July 18, 2024, a joint venture in which we have a 50% ownership interest extended by one year the maturity date of its loan collateralized by 100 Causeway Street. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding balance totaling approximately $333.6 million, bore interest at Term SOFR plus 1.48% per annum, and was scheduled to mature on September 5, 2024. Following the extension, the loan will continue to bear interest at Term SOFR plus 1.48% per annum, and is scheduled to mature on September 5, 2025. 100 Causeway Street is an approximately 634,000 net rentable square foot premier workplace located in Boston, Massachusetts.
On August 7, 2024, a joint venture in which we have a 71.11% ownership interest partially placed in-service 360 Park Avenue South, a 20-story, premier workplace with ground floor retail located in New York City, New York, aggregating approximately 450,000 net rentable square feet. On December 13, 2024, the joint venture extended the maturity date of its mortgage loan by three years. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding balance totaling approximately $220.0 million, bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.40% per annum, and was scheduled to mature on December 14, 2024. Following the extension, the loan bears interest at Term SOFR plus 2.50% per annum, and is scheduled to mature on December 13, 2027.
On December 13, 2024, a joint venture in which we have a 20% ownership interest fully placed in-service Skymark, a luxury residential property located in Reston, Virginia, that consists of 508 residential units aggregating approximately 417,000 net rentable square feet across a five-story, low-rise building and an iconic 39-story tower, which is one of the tallest buildings in Northern Virginia.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investments in Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza of approximately $168.4 million, $126.1 million and $46.8 million, respectively (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Noncontrolling Interest
On March 21, 2024, we completed the sale of a 45% interest in 290 Binney Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  We retain a 55% ownership interest in the joint venture. The institutional investor funded approximately $97.2 million in cash at closing, which is less than 45% of the agreed upon carrying value of the property immediately prior to the transaction.  The institutional investor will fund all construction costs until its equity balance is proportionate to its ownership percentage, after which we and the institutional investor will fund the development project based on our respective ownership interests. As of December 31, 2024, the equity balance for each of the investors is proportionate to their ownership percentage.  The transaction did not qualify as a sale of real estate for financial reporting purposes as we continue to effectively control the property and thus will continue to account for the property on a consolidated basis in our financial statements and no gain was recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.  We provide customary development, property management and leasing services to the joint venture.  290 Binney Street is an approximately 573,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences development project located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
Stock Option and Incentive Plan
On January 25, 2024, the Compensation Committee of BXP’s Board of Directors approved a new equity-based, multi-year, long-term incentive program (the “2024 MYLTIP”) as a performance based component of our overall compensation program under the BXP, Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) to certain executive officers of BXP. Under ASC 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” the 2024 MYLTIP awards have an aggregate value of approximately $11.1 million, which amount will generally be amortized into earnings under the graded vesting method. (See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
On February 1, 2024, the three-year measurement period for our 2021 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s absolute and relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 112% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $12.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 155,625 2021 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
Business and Growth Strategies
Business Strategies
Our primary business objective is to maximize return on investment to provide our investors with the greatest possible total return at all points of the economic cycle. Our strategies to achieve this objective are:
•to target a few carefully selected dynamic gateway markets-Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC-and to be one of the leading, if not the leading, developers, owners and managers in each of those markets with a full-service office in each market providing property management, leasing, development, construction and legal expertise. We select markets and submarkets with a diverse economic base and a deep pool of prospective clients in various industries and where clients have demonstrated a preference for premier workplaces and other facilities. Additionally, our markets have historically been able to recruit new talent to them and as such created job growth that results in growth in rental rates and occupancy over time. We have explored, and may continue to explore for future investment, select domestic and international markets that exhibit these same traits;
•to emphasize markets and submarkets within those markets where the difficulty of receiving the necessary approvals for development and the necessary financing constitute high barriers to the creation of new supply, and where skill, financial strength and diligence are required to successfully develop,
finance and manage high-quality office and life sciences space, as well as selected retail and residential space;
•to take on complex, technically challenging development projects, leveraging the skills of our management team to successfully develop, acquire or reposition properties that other organizations may not have the capacity or resources to pursue;
•to own and develop high-quality real estate designed to meet the demands of today’s clients who require sophisticated telecommunications and related infrastructure, support services, sustainable features and amenities, including those amenities that enrich in-person experiences and support a hybrid work environment, and to manage those facilities so as to become the landlord of choice for both existing and prospective clients;
•to opportunistically acquire assets that increase our market share in the markets in which we have chosen to concentrate, as well as potential new markets, which exhibit an opportunity to improve returns through repositioning (through a combination of capital improvements and shift in marketing strategy), changes in management focus and leasing;
•to explore joint venture or lending opportunities with existing property owners located in desirable locations, who seek to benefit from the depth of development and management expertise we are able to provide and our access to capital;
•to pursue on a selective basis the sale of properties or interests therein, including core properties, to either (1) take advantage of the demand for our premier properties and realize the value we have created or (2) pare from our portfolio properties that we believe have slower future growth potential;
•to seek third-party development contracts to enable us to retain and utilize our existing development and construction management staff, especially when our internal development is less active or when new development is less-warranted due to market conditions; and
•to enhance our capital structure through our access to a variety of sources of capital and proactively manage our debt expirations.
Growth Strategies
External Growth Strategies
We believe that our development experience, our organizational depth, utilization of our joint venture partner relationships and our balance sheet position us to continue to selectively develop a range of premier workplaces, including high-rise urban developments, mixed-use developments (including office, residential and retail), low-rise suburban office and residential properties and life sciences space, within budget and on schedule. We believe we are also well-positioned to achieve external growth through acquisitions. From time to time, we remove from service select office assets for which we believe we have better uses, such as residential developments. Other factors that contribute to our competitive position include:
•our control of sites (including sites under contract or option to acquire and properties removed from our in-service portfolio in anticipation of future redevelopment) in our markets that could support approximately 19.5 million additional square feet of new development;
•our reputation gained through 55 years of successful operations and the stability and strength of our existing portfolio of properties;
•our relationships with leading national corporations, universities and public institutions, including government agencies, seeking new facilities and development services;
•our relationships with nationally recognized financial institutions that provide capital to the real estate industry;
•our track record and reputation for executing acquisitions efficiently provide comfort to domestic and foreign institutions, private investors and corporations who seek to sell commercial real estate in our market areas;
•our ability to act quickly on due diligence and financing;
•our relationships with institutional buyers and sellers of high-quality real estate assets;
•our ability to procure entitlements from multiple municipalities to develop sites and attract land owners to sell or partner with us; and
•our relationship with domestic and foreign investors who seek to partner with companies like ours.
Opportunities to execute our external growth strategy fall into three categories:
•Development in selected submarkets. We believe the selected development of well-positioned premier workplaces as well as residential buildings and mixed-use complexes may be justified in our markets. We believe in acquiring land after taking into consideration timing factors relating to economic cycles and in response to market conditions that should allow for its development at the appropriate time. While we purposely concentrate in markets with high barriers-to-entry, we have demonstrated throughout our 55-year history, an ability to make carefully timed land acquisitions in submarkets where we can become one of the market leaders in establishing rent and other business terms. We believe that there are opportunities at key locations in our existing and other markets for a well-capitalized developer to acquire land or buildings with development or redevelopment potential.
In the past, we have been particularly successful at acquiring sites or options to purchase sites that need governmental approvals for development. Because of our development expertise, knowledge of the governmental approval process and reputation for quality development with local government regulatory bodies, we generally have been able to secure the permits necessary to allow development and to profit from the resulting increase in land value. We seek complex projects where we can add value through the efforts of our experienced and skilled management team leading to attractive returns on investment.
Our strong regional relationships and recognized development expertise have enabled us to capitalize on unique build-to-suit opportunities. We intend to seek and expect to continue to be presented with such opportunities in the near term allowing us to earn relatively significant returns on these development opportunities through multiple business cycles.
•Acquisition of assets and portfolios of assets from institutions, including lenders, or individuals. We believe that due to our size, management strength and reputation, we are well positioned to acquire portfolios of assets or individual properties from institutions or individuals if valuations meet our criteria. In addition, we believe that our market knowledge and our liquidity and access to capital may provide us with a competitive advantage when pursuing acquisitions. Opportunities to acquire properties may also come through the purchase of first mortgage or mezzanine debt. We are also able to appeal to sellers wishing to contribute on a tax-deferred basis their ownership of property for equity in a diversified real estate operating company that offers liquidity through access to the public equity markets in addition to a quarterly distribution. Our ability to offer common and preferred units of limited partnership in BPLP to sellers who would otherwise recognize a taxable gain upon a sale of assets for cash or BXP’s common stock may facilitate these types of acquisitions on a tax-efficient basis. Existing promulgated Treasury regulations may limit the tax benefits previously available to sellers in some variations of these transactions.
•Acquisition of underperforming assets and portfolios of assets. We believe that because of our in-depth market knowledge and development experience in each of our markets, our national reputation with brokers, financial institutions, owners of real estate and others involved in the real estate market and our access to competitively-priced capital, we are well-positioned to identify and acquire existing, underperforming properties for competitive prices and to add significant additional value to such properties through our effective marketing strategies, repositioning/redevelopment expertise and a responsive property management program.
Internal Growth Strategies
We believe that opportunities will exist to increase cash flow from our existing properties through an increase in occupancy and rental rates because they are of high quality and in desirable locations. Additionally, our markets have diversified economies that have historically experienced job growth and increased use of office space, resulting in growth in rental rates and occupancy over time. Our strategy for maximizing the benefits from these opportunities is three-fold: (1) to provide high-quality property management services using our employees in order to encourage clients to renew, expand and relocate in our properties, (2) to achieve speed and transaction cost
efficiency in replacing departing clients through the use of in-house services for marketing, lease negotiation and construction of tenant and capital improvements and (3) to work with new or existing clients with space expansion or contraction needs, leveraging our expertise and clustering of assets to maximize the cash flow from our assets. We expect to continue our internal growth as a result of our ability to:
•Cultivate existing submarkets and long-term relationships with credit clients. In choosing locations for our properties, we have paid particular attention to transportation and commuting patterns, physical environment, adjacency to established business centers and amenities, proximity to sources of business growth and other local factors.
At December 31, 2024, the weighted-average lease term of our in-place leases based on square feet, including leases signed by our unconsolidated joint ventures, was approximately 7.8 years and we continue to cultivate long-term leasing relationships with a diverse base of high-quality, financially stable clients. In 2024, we executed approximately 5.6 million square feet of leases with a weighted-average lease term of 9.8 years. Based on leases in place at December 31, 2024, leases with respect to approximately 7.0% of the total square feet in our portfolio, including unconsolidated joint ventures, will expire in calendar year 2025.
•Directly manage our office properties to maximize the potential for client retention. We provide property management services ourselves, rather than contracting for this service, to maintain awareness of and responsiveness to client needs. We and our properties also benefit from cost efficiencies produced by an experienced work force attentive to preventive maintenance and energy management and from our continuing programs to assure that our property management personnel at all levels remain aware of their important role in client relations. In addition, we reinvest in our properties by adding new services and amenities that are desirable to our clients.
•Replace clients quickly at best available market terms and lowest possible transaction costs. We believe that we are well-positioned to attract new clients and achieve relatively high rental and occupancy rates as a result of our well-located, well-designed and well-maintained properties, our reputation for high-quality building services and responsiveness to clients, and our ability to offer expansion and relocation alternatives within our submarkets.
•Extend terms of existing leases to existing clients prior to expiration. We have also successfully structured early client renewals, which have reduced the cost associated with lease downtime while securing the tenancy of our highest quality credit-worthy clients on a long-term basis and enhancing relationships.
•Re-development of existing assets. We believe the select re-development of assets within our portfolio, where through the ability to increase the building size and/or to increase cash flow and generate appropriate returns on incremental investment after consideration of the asset’s current and future cash flows, may be desirable. This generally occurs in situations in which we are able to increase the building’s size, improve building systems, including conversion to higher yielding life sciences uses, and sustainability features, and/or add client amenities, thereby increasing client demand, generating acceptable returns on incremental investment and enhancing the long-term value of the property and the company. In the past, we have been particularly successful at gaining local government approval for increased density at several of our assets, providing the opportunity to enhance value at a particular location. Our strong regional relationships and recognized re-development expertise have enabled us to capitalize on unique build-to-suit opportunities. We intend to seek and expect to continue to be presented with such opportunities in the near term allowing us to earn attractive returns on these development opportunities through multiple business cycles.
Sustainability
Our Strategy
We are committed to maximizing long-term value for our shareholders through, among other strategies, actively working to promote our growth and operations sustainably and responsibly across our six dynamic gateway markets. BXP’s sustainability strategy is to conduct our business, the development, ownership and operation of new and existing buildings, in a manner that contributes to positive outcomes for our clients, shareholders, employees and the communities we serve (collectively, our “stakeholders”). Our investment philosophy is shaped by our core strategy of long-term ownership and our commitment to our communities and the centers of commerce
and civic life that make them thrive. We are focused on developing and maintaining healthy, high-performance buildings, while simultaneously mitigating operational costs and the potential external impacts of energy, water, waste, greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and climate change. Through our efforts, we demonstrate that operating and developing commercial real estate can be conducted with a conscious regard for the environment while mutually benefiting our stakeholders.
Sustainability Leadership
BXP is a widely recognized industry leader in sustainability, and our 2024 highlights include:
•BXP ranked among the top real estate companies in the GRESB assessment, earning a ninth consecutive 5-star rating. 2024 was the thirteenth consecutive year that BXP earned the GRESB “Green Star” designation
•BXP maintained an MSCI rating of “AA” and a CDP score of “B”
•BXP was named to Newsweek’s America’s Most Responsible Companies for the fifth consecutive year, ranking 83rd out of 600 companies, and was also named to Newsweek’s America’s Greenest Companies with a 4.5-star rating
•BXP was named a member of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) North America for the fourth consecutive year. BXP was one of eight real estate companies that qualified and the only office REIT in the index, scoring in the 93rd percentile of the real estate companies assessed for inclusion
•BXP was recognized as one of TIME Magazine’s World’s Most Sustainable Companies, ranking 79th out of 500 companies and the highest-rated United States property owner
•BXP earned Nareit’s Leader in the Light Office award, in addition to Nareit’s Sustainability Impact Award - Sustainable Design for 140 Kendrick Street - Building A
•BXP was named an ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year - Sustained Excellence Award Winner
•BXP continued its tenure as an inaugural Platinum Level Green Lease Leader by the Institute for Market Transformation and the U.S. Department of Energy
Our leadership position is due, in part, to our establishment of environmental goals, the periodic reporting of progress toward our goals and the achievement of these goals, which we report in an annual Sustainability & Impact Report that is made available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Commitment”. We have publicly adopted energy, water, building certification, waste and GHG emissions goals, including a commitment to achieving carbon-neutral operations (for direct and indirect Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions) by 2025 from our occupied and actively managed buildings where we have operational control. We have also provided climate-related disclosures aligned with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”). Detailed information on these goals and targets and our TCFD disclosures are included in our Sustainability & Impact Reports. We expect to publish our next report in April 2025.
The Sustainability & Impact Reports and the related information contained on our website (or that can be accessed through our website) are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”) Disclosures
The Real Estate Sustainability Accounting Standard issued by SASB in 2018 proposed sustainability accounting metrics designed for disclosure in mandatory filings, such as the Annual Report on Form 10-K, and serves as the framework against which we have aligned our disclosures for sustainability information. The recommended energy and water management activity metrics for the real estate industry include energy consumption data coverage as a percentage of floor area (“Energy Intensity”); percentage of the eligible portfolio that is certified ENERGY STAR® (“ENERGY STAR certified”); total energy consumed by portfolio area (“Total Energy Consumption”); water withdrawal as a percentage of total floor area (“Water Intensity”); and total water withdrawn by portfolio area (“Total Water Consumption”). Our energy and water data is collected from utility bills and submeters and is assured by an independent, third-party assurance expert, which includes all 2023 SASB energy and water metrics. During the 2024 calendar year, 69 buildings representing 59% of total in-service portfolio were ENERGY STAR certified. A licensed professional has verified all ENERGY STAR applications.
The charts below detail our Energy Intensity, Total Energy Consumption, Water Intensity and Total Water Consumption for 2015 through 2023 for which data were available on occupied and actively managed office buildings where we had operational control.1,2,3,4,5,6
_______________
(1)Full 2024 calendar year energy and water data will not be available and assured by a third party until April 2025. Therefore, 2023 is the most recent year for which complete and third-party assured energy and water data is available.
(2)The charts reflect the performance of our occupied and actively managed office portfolio. We define “occupied buildings” as those with no more than 50% vacancy. Actively managed office buildings are multi-tenant buildings over which we have operational control of building system performance and investment decisions. At the end of the 2023 calendar year, our occupied and actively managed office portfolio included 77 buildings totaling 40.8 million gross square feet, and it accounted for approximately 75% of BXP’s total in-service portfolio by area.
(3)Floor area is considered to have complete energy consumption data coverage when we obtain energy consumption data (i.e., energy types and amounts consumed) for all types of energy consumed in the relevant floor area during the calendar year, regardless of when such data was obtained.
(4)The scope of energy includes energy purchased from sources external to us and our clients or produced by us or our clients and energy from all sources, including fuel, gas, electricity and steam. Energy use intensity (kBtu/SF) has been weather-normalized.
(5)Water sources include surface water (including water from wetlands, rivers, lakes and oceans), groundwater, rainwater collected directly and stored by BXP, municipal water supplies or supply from other water utilities.
(6)2020 and 2021 data reflect the combined impacts of efficiency measures, renewable energy and reduced physical occupancy due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupancy was not significantly reduced in 2023.
Human Capital Management
As of December 31, 2024, we had 710 non-union employees and 106 union employees. Because the unions control the primary aspects of the hiring process, except as otherwise noted, all data provided in this Human Capital Management section refers to BXP’s non-union employee workforce only.
Our operational and financial performance depends on the talents, energy, experience and well-being of our employees. Our ability to attract and retain talented people depends on a number of factors, including work environment, career development and professional training, compensation and benefits, and the health, safety and wellness of our employees.
Our workforce provides a strategic business advantage as it is one of our most valuable assets. We are committed to the quality, growth and development of our people as part of our strategy to drive long-term value for our shareholders. We aim to ensure that all employees have the opportunity to make their maximum contribution to us and to their own career goals. It has been, and will continue to be, our policy to recruit, hire, assign, promote and train in all job titles without regard to race, national origin, religion, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by local, state, or federal laws, rules, or regulations. Our hiring practices do not, and have not, included quotas or numerical targets based on any of these characteristics.
Culture & Employee Engagement
We believe that the success of our business is tied to the quality of our workforce, and we strive to maintain a corporate environment without losing the entrepreneurial spirit with which we were founded 55 years ago. By
providing a quality workplace and comprehensive benefit programs, we recognize the commitment of our employees to bring their talent, energy and experience to us. Our continued success will depend on our employees’ expertise and dedication. Our workforce, as referred to in this section, excludes intern employees and union employees for which the unions control primary aspects of the hiring process.
We periodically conduct employee engagement surveys to monitor our employees’ satisfaction in different aspects of their employment, including company performance, leadership, communication, career development and benefits offerings. Past employee responsiveness to the engagement surveys has been consistently high and the results help inform us on matters that our employees view as key contributors to a positive work experience. We intend to continue to periodically evaluate employee engagement as needed on a meaningful basis.
Another indicator of the success of our efforts in the workplace is the long tenure of our employees. Approximately 34% of our employees have worked at BXP for ten or more years. The average tenure of our employees is approximately 9.5 years and that of our officers is 18.4 years. In 2024, our voluntary workforce turnover rate was 10.8%.
Career Development & Training
We invest significant resources in our employees’ personal and professional growth and development and provide a wide range of tools and development opportunities that build and strengthen employees’ leadership and professional skills. These development opportunities include in-person and virtual training sessions, in-house learning opportunities, various management trainings, departmental conferences, executive town halls and external programs. We foster an environment of growth and internal promotion and strive for a process that is grounded in efficiency, transparency and collaboration for our internal candidates. Open positions are posted, and employees are highly encouraged to apply for promotion within the organization. In 2024, more than 6% of our employees were promoted to elevated roles within our organization.
Compensation & Benefits
We designed our compensation program with the goal of providing a balanced and effective way of ensuring internal equity and market competitiveness in our pay practices. We have coupled external, market-driven data with a comprehensive performance review assessment tool to strike the balance that best represents our compensation strategy and links pay to performance. On an annual basis, our Human Resources department evaluates market compensation ranges for each position to ensure we are appropriately compensating our employees. We believe this total rewards program directly aligns with our compensation and benefits strategy.
Our employee benefit programs are designed to meet the needs of our workforce by offering comprehensive and competitive programs to support our employees and their families. These programs provide flexibility and choice in coverage, valuable resources to protect and enhance financial security, and benefits that help balance work and personal life. Some of the benefits that we offer our employees include:
•health (including telehealth), dental and vision insurance,
•employer-subsidized health savings account,
•a 401(k) plan with a generous matching contribution,
•an employee stock purchase plan that allows employees to purchase our common stock at a discount,
•health care and dependent care flexible spending accounts,
•income protection through our sick pay, salary continuation and long-term disability policies and life insurance,
•a scholarship program for the children of non-officer employees,
•tuition reimbursement,
•a commuter subsidy to encourage and support the use of public transportation,
•paid vacation, holiday, personal days, a volunteer day program, and paid parental leave to balance work and personal life,
•wellness and mental health well-being programs,
•employee assistance program,
•matching charitable gift program,
•back-up child and elder care, and
•pet insurance.
Health, Safety & Wellness
As one of the largest publicly traded premier workplace REITs (based on total market capitalization as of December 31, 2024) in the United States, we are keenly aware of the influence of buildings on human health and its importance to our clients and employees. The health, safety and security of our employees, clients, contractors and other visitors to our properties are our highest priority. We have implemented numerous operational measures to promote better health and safety in our buildings, including measures related to indoor air quality in our buildings.
We believe the success of our employees is dependent upon their overall well-being, including their physical health, mental health, work-life balance and financial well-being. In addition to the benefits outlined above, we also offer our employees an Employee Wellness Program, an Employee Assistance Program and a Mental Health Well-Being Program. The Employee Wellness Program was established in 2016 to encourage employees to improve their health and well-being by offering a variety of activities and engaging content to meet individual wellness goals. Qualifying program participants receive a discount on a portion of their health insurance cost. The Employee Assistance Program includes services for childcare, eldercare, personal relationship information, financial planning assistance, stress management, mental illness and general wellness and self-help. BXP also offers a premium mental health program that provides online resources and support for employees facing a wide variety of issues.
Policies with Respect to Certain Activities
The discussion below sets forth certain additional information regarding our investment, financing and other policies. These policies have been determined by BXP’s Board of Directors and, in general, may be amended or revised from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Investment Policies
Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate
Our investment objectives are to provide quarterly cash dividends/distributions to our securityholders and to achieve long-term capital appreciation through increases in our value. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives.
We expect to continue to pursue our investment objectives primarily through the ownership of our current properties, development and redevelopment projects and other acquired properties. We currently intend to continue to invest primarily in developments of properties and acquisitions of existing improved properties or properties in need of redevelopment, and acquisitions of land that we believe have development potential, primarily in our existing markets of Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC. We have explored and may continue to explore for future investment in select domestic and international markets that exhibit these same traits. Future investment or development activities will not be limited to a specified percentage of our assets. We intend to engage in such future investment or development activities in a manner that is consistent with the maintenance of BXP’s status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing commercial and other types of properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the real estate presently owned or other properties purchased, or sell such real estate properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant. We do not have a policy that restricts the amount or percentage of assets that will be invested in any specific property, however, our investments may be restricted by our debt covenants.
We may also continue to participate with third parties in property ownership, through joint ventures or other types of co-ownership. These investments may permit us to own interests in larger assets without unduly restricting diversification and, therefore, add flexibility in structuring our portfolio.
Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness as may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Debt service on such financing or indebtedness will have a priority over any distributions with respect to BXP’s common stock. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
Investments in Real Estate Mortgages and Mezzanine Debt
While our current portfolio consists primarily of, and our business objectives emphasize, equity investments in commercial real estate, we may, at the discretion of the Board of Directors of BXP, invest in mortgages and other types of real estate interests consistent with BXP’s qualification as a REIT. Investments in real estate mortgages run the risk that one or more borrowers may default under such mortgages and that the collateral securing such mortgages may not be sufficient to enable us to recoup our full investment. We may invest in participating, convertible or traditional mortgages if we conclude that we may benefit from the cash flow, or any appreciation in value of the property or as an entrance to the fee ownership. As of December 31, 2024, we had one note receivable and two related party note receivables outstanding, which totaled approximately $93.7 million, after adjustments for financing costs and the current expected credit loss allowance.
Securities of or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities
Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross income and asset tests necessary for BXP’s REIT qualification, we also may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities.
Dispositions
We decide to dispose or partially dispose of properties based upon a periodic review of our portfolio and the determination by the Board of Directors of BXP that doing so is in our best interests. Any decision to dispose of a property will be authorized by the Board of Directors of BXP or a committee thereof. Some holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP could incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties that differ from the tax consequences to BXP. Consequently, holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale. Such different tax treatment derives in most cases from the fact that we acquired these properties in exchange for partnership interests in contribution transactions structured to allow the prior owners to defer taxable gain. Generally, this deferral continues so long as we do not dispose of the properties in a taxable transaction. Unless a sale by us of these properties is structured as a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or in a manner that otherwise allows deferral to continue, recognition of the deferred tax gain allocable to these prior owners is generally triggered by a sale. As of December 31, 2024, we had one property that was subject to a tax protection agreement, which may limit our ability to dispose of the asset or require us to pay damages to the prior owner in the event of a taxable sale in violation of the agreement. The tax protection agreement expires on December 14, 2033, or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events.
Financing Policies
The agreement of limited partnership of BPLP and BXP’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness that we may incur. Further, we do not have a policy limiting the amount of indebtedness that we may incur, nor have we established any limit on the number or amount of mortgages that may be placed on any single property or on our portfolio as a whole. However, our mortgages, credit facilities, joint venture agreements and unsecured debt securities contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness. In addition, we evaluate the impact of incremental leverage on our debt metrics and the credit ratings of BPLP’s publicly traded debt. A reduction in BPLP’s credit ratings could result in us borrowing money at higher interest rates.
The Board of Directors of BXP will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, including the purchase price of properties to be acquired with debt financing, the estimated market value of our properties upon refinancing, the cost and effectiveness of entering into interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other interest rate hedging contracts and the ability of particular properties, and us as a whole, to generate cash flow to cover expected debt service.
Policies with Respect to Other Activities
As the sole general partner of BPLP, BXP has the authority to issue additional common and preferred units of limited partnership interest of BPLP. BXP has issued, and may in the future issue, common or preferred units of limited partnership interest to persons who contribute their direct or indirect interests in properties to us in exchange for such common or preferred units. We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of issuers other than BXP and BPLP does not intend to do so. At all times, we intend to make investments in such a manner as to enable BXP to maintain its qualification as a REIT, unless, due to changes in
circumstances or to the Code, the Board of Directors of BXP determines that it is no longer in the best interest of BXP to qualify as a REIT. We may make loans to third parties, including, without limitation, to joint ventures in which we participate or in connection with the disposition of a property. We intend to make investments in such a way that we will not be treated as an investment company under the 1940 Act. Our policies with respect to these and other activities may be reviewed and modified or amended from time to time by the Board of Directors of BXP.
Governmental Regulations
General
Compliance with various governmental regulations has an impact on our business, including our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position, which can be material. We incur costs to monitor and take actions to comply with governmental regulations that are applicable to our business, which include, among others, (1) federal securities laws and regulations, (2) applicable stock exchange requirements, and (3) federal, state and local laws and regulations related to (a) our status as a REIT and other tax laws and regulations, and (b) real property, the improvements thereon and the operation thereof, such as laws and regulations relating to the environment, health and safety, zoning, usage, building, fire and life safety codes, (4) the requirements of the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury and (5) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In addition to the discussion below, see “Item 1A. - Risk Factors” for a discussion of these governmental regulations and other material risks to us, including, to the extent material, to our competitive position, and see “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” together with our consolidated financial statements, including the related notes included therein, for a discussion of material information relevant to an assessment of our financial condition and results of operations, including, to the extent material, the effects that compliance with governmental regulations may have upon our capital expenditures and earnings.
Environmental Matters
It is our policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct or update Phase I environmental assessments (which generally do not involve invasive techniques such as soil or ground water sampling) and asbestos surveys in connection with our acquisition of properties. These pre-purchase environmental assessments have not revealed environmental conditions that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and we are not otherwise aware of environmental conditions with respect to our properties that we believe would have such a material adverse effect. However, from time to time environmental conditions at our properties have required and may in the future require environmental testing and/or regulatory filings, as well as remedial action.
For example, in February 1999, we (through a joint venture) acquired from Exxon Corporation a property in Massachusetts that was formerly used as a petroleum bulk storage and distribution facility and was known by the state regulatory authority to contain soil and groundwater contamination. We developed an office park on the property. We engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to oversee the management of contaminated soil and groundwater that was disturbed in the course of construction. Under the property acquisition agreement, Exxon agreed to (1) bear the liability arising from releases or discharges of oil and hazardous substances which occurred at the site prior to our ownership, (2) continue monitoring and/or remediating such releases and discharges as necessary and appropriate to comply with applicable requirements, and (3) indemnify us for certain losses arising from preexisting site conditions. Any indemnity claim may be subject to various defenses and contractual limitations, including time limits, and there can be no assurance that the amounts paid under the indemnity, if any, would be sufficient to cover the liabilities arising from any such releases and discharges.
Environmental investigations at some of our properties and certain properties owned by our affiliates have identified groundwater contamination migrating from off-site source properties. In each case we engaged a licensed environmental consultant to perform the necessary investigations and assessments, and to prepare any required submittals to the regulatory authorities. In each case the environmental consultant concluded that the properties qualify under the regulatory program or the regulatory practice for a status which eliminates certain deadlines for conducting response actions at a site. We also believe that these properties qualify for liability relief under certain statutory provisions or regulatory practices regarding upgradient releases. Although we believe that the current or former owners of the upgradient source properties may bear responsibility for some or all of the costs of addressing the identified groundwater contamination, we will take such further response actions (if any) that we deem necessary or advisable. Other than periodic testing at some of these properties, no such additional response actions are anticipated at this time.
Some of our properties and certain properties owned by our affiliates are located in urban, industrial and other previously developed areas where fill or current or historical use of the areas have caused site contamination. Accordingly, it is sometimes necessary to institute special soil and/or groundwater handling procedures and/or include particular building design features in connection with development, construction and other property operations in order to achieve regulatory closure and/or ensure that contaminated materials are addressed in an appropriate manner. In these situations, it is our practice to investigate the nature and extent of detected contamination, including potential issues associated with vapor intrusion concerns and/or potential contaminant migration to or from the subject property in ground water, assess potential liability risks and estimate the costs of required response actions and special handling procedures. We then use this information as part of our decision-making process with respect to the acquisition, deal structure and/or development of the property. For example, we own a parcel in Massachusetts which was formerly used as a quarry/asphalt batching facility. Pre-purchase testing indicated that the site contained relatively low levels of certain contaminants. We have developed an office park on this property. Prior to and during redevelopment activities, we engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to monitor environmental conditions at the site and prepare necessary regulatory submittals based on the results of an environmental risk characterization. A submittal has been made to the regulatory authorities in order to achieve regulatory closure at this site. The submittal included an environmental deed restriction that mandates compliance with certain protective measures in a portion of the site where low levels of residual soil contamination have been left in place in accordance with applicable laws.
We expect that resolution of the environmental matters described above will not have a material impact on our business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, we cannot assure you that we have identified all environmental liabilities at our properties, that all necessary remediation actions have been or will be undertaken at our properties, that we will be indemnified, in full or at all, or that we will have insurance coverage in the event that such environmental liabilities arise.
Corporate Governance
BXP is currently governed by an eleven-member Board of Directors. The current members of the Board of Directors of BXP are Bruce W. Duncan, Carol B. Einiger, Diane J. Hoskins, Mary E. Kipp, Joel I. Klein, Douglas T. Linde, Matthew J. Lustig, Timothy J. Naughton, Owen D. Thomas, William H. Walton III, and Derek A. (Tony) West. All directors of BXP stand for election for one-year terms expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders.
Owen D. Thomas currently serves as the Chairman of BXP’s Board of Directors and Joel I. Klein serves as our Lead Independent Director. The Board of Directors of BXP also has Audit, Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance and Sustainability Committees. The membership of each of these committees is described below.
Audit Compensation Nominating and
Corporate Governance Sustainability
Bruce W. Duncan X (1) X X
Carol B. Einiger X X
Diane J. Hoskins X X (1)
Mary E. Kipp X X
Joel I. Klein* X (1)
Douglas T. Linde X
Matthew J. Lustig X (1) X
Timothy J. Naughton X X
Owen D. Thomas (2) X
William H. Walton III X
Derek A. (Tony) West X
*=Lead Independent Director, X=Committee member, (1)=Committee Chair, (2)=Chairman of BXP’s Board of Directors
BXP has the following corporate governance documents and procedures in place:
•The Board of Directors has adopted charters for each of its Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. A copy of each of these charters is available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Investors” and subheading “Governance.”
•The Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Investors” and subheading “Governance” with the name “Governance Guidelines.”
•The Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which governs business decisions made and actions taken by BXP’s directors, officers and employees. A copy of this code is available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Investors” and subheading “Governance” with the name “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.” BXP intends to disclose on this website any amendment to, or waiver of, any provisions of this Code applicable to the directors and executive officers of BXP that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange.
•The Board of Directors has established an ethics reporting system that employees may use to anonymously report possible violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, including concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, by telephone or over the internet.
•The Board of Directors has adopted a Policy on Political Spending, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Investors” and the subheading “Governance” with the name “Policy on Political Spending.” The Board of Directors amended this Policy in January 2025 to provide that, beginning in fiscal year 2025, we will disclose all political spending (including amounts less then $25,000) on our website and shall make such disclosures biannually.
Competition
We compete in the leasing of premier workplace, retail and residential space with a considerable number of other real estate companies, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us. In addition, our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us and to the manager of our one hotel, Marriott International, Inc.
Principal factors of competition in our primary business of owning, acquiring and developing premier workplaces are the quality of properties, leasing terms (including rent and other charges and allowances for tenant improvements), attractiveness and convenience of location, the quality and breadth of client services and amenities provided, and reputation as an owner and operator of premier workplaces in the relevant market. Additionally, our ability to compete depends upon, among other factors, trends in the national and local economies, investment alternatives, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective clients, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, utilities, governmental regulations, legislation and population trends.
In addition, we currently have seven residential properties (including one under construction) and may in the future decide to acquire or develop additional residential properties. As an owner, we will also face competition for prospective residents from other operators/owners whose properties may be perceived to offer a better location or better amenities or whose rent may be perceived as a better value given the quality, location and amenities that the resident seeks. We will also compete against condominiums and single-family homes that are for sale or rent. Because the scale of our residential portfolio is relatively small, we expect to continue to retain third parties to manage our residential properties.
Our Hotel Property
We operate our hotel property through a taxable REIT subsidiary. The taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to a lease for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. The hotel lease is intended to provide the economic benefits of ownership of the underlying real estate to flow to us as rental income, while our taxable REIT subsidiary earns
the profit or loss from operating the property as a hotel. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existing management agreements. Marriott has been engaged under a separate long-term incentive management agreement to operate and manage the hotel on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our investors and they should be carefully considered. Throughout this section, we refer to the equity and debt securities of both BXP and BPLP as our “securities,” and the investors who own securities of BXP, BPLP or both, as our “securityholders.” These risks are not all of the risks we face and other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business if they occur. This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements beginning on page 52.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
Our performance depends upon the economic conditions, particularly the supply and demand characteristics, of our markets-Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC.
Substantially all of our revenue is derived from properties located in six markets: Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC. A downturn in the economies of these markets, or the impact that a downturn in the overall national economy may have upon these economies, could result in reduced demand for office space and/or a reduction in rents. Because our portfolio consists primarily of premier workplace buildings (as compared to a more diversified real estate portfolio), a decrease in demand for workplaces in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, there are submarkets within our markets that are dependent upon a limited number of industries. For example, in our Washington, DC market, we focus on leasing our properties to governmental contractors and legal firms. In our West Coast market, our leasing is focused on clients in the technology and media industries, as well as legal firms. In addition, in our New York market, we have historically leased properties to financial, legal and other professional firms. A reduction in spending by the Federal Government, sustained changes in space utilization due to remote work models, and/or a significant downturn in one or more of the foregoing sectors have resulted in, and could continue to result in, reduced demand for office space and adversely affect our results of operations.
In addition, a significant economic downturn over a period of time could result in an event or change in circumstances that results in an impairment of a long-lived asset or an “other than temporary” impairment in the value of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized an impairment of a long-lived asset of approximately $13.6 million and “other than temporary” impairments in the value of three of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures aggregating approximately $341.3 million. For additional information on these impairments, see Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Any future impairments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the charge is taken.
Market and economic volatility due to adverse economic and political conditions, health crises or dislocations in the credit markets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends and/or distributions.
Our business may be adversely affected by market and economic volatility experienced by the U.S. and global economies, the real estate industry as a whole and/or the local economic conditions in the markets in which our properties are located. Such adverse economic and political conditions may include, among other issues, continued inflation, elevated interest rates, policy changes by the new presidential administration, prolonged labor market challenges impacting the recruitment and retention of talent, volatility in the public equity and debt markets, and international economic and other conditions, including pandemics, geopolitical instability and other conditions beyond our control. These current conditions, or similar conditions existing in the future, may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends and distributions as a result of the following, among other potential consequences:
•federal policy changes by the new presidential administration, such as the implementation of tariffs that could result in global supply chain disruptions and/or continued inflation, which could negatively impact
interest rates, potential changes to U.S. federal tax laws and budgetary changes related to government leases;
•the financial condition of our clients may be adversely affected, which may result in client defaults under leases due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, lack of funding, operational failures or for other reasons;
•significant job losses and/or a sustained shift away from collective in-person work environments or relocations away from the markets in which we operate may occur, which could decrease overall demand for workplaces in the regions in which we operate and cause market rental rates and property values to be negatively impacted;
•our inability to borrow on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, or at all, which could reduce our ability to pursue acquisition and development opportunities and refinance existing debt, reduce our returns from our acquisition and development activities and increase our future interest expense;
•reduced values of our properties may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or to obtain debt financing secured by our properties and may reduce the availability of unsecured loans;
•the value and liquidity of our short-term investments and cash deposits could be reduced as a result of a deterioration of the financial condition of the institutions that hold our cash deposits or the institutions or assets in which we have made short-term investments, a dislocation of the markets for our short-term investments, increased volatility in market rates for such investments or other factors;
•one or more lenders under our line of credit could refuse to fund their financing commitment to us or could fail and we may not be able to replace the financing commitment of any such lenders on favorable terms, or at all; and
•to the extent we enter into derivative financial instruments, one or more counterparties to our derivative financial instruments could default on their obligations to us, or could fail, increasing the risk that we may not realize the benefits of these instruments.
Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.
We depend on the efforts of key personnel, particularly Owen D. Thomas, Chief Executive Officer, Douglas T. Linde, President, Raymond A. Ritchey, Senior Executive Vice President, and Michael E. LaBelle, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer. Among the reasons that Messrs. Thomas, Linde, Ritchey and LaBelle are important to our success is that each has a national reputation, which attracts business and investment opportunities and assists us in negotiations with lenders, joint venture partners and other investors. If we lost their services, our relationships with lenders, potential clients and industry personnel could diminish.
Our Regional Managers also have strong reputations. Their reputations aid us in identifying opportunities, having opportunities brought to us, and negotiating with clients and build-to-suit prospects. While we believe that we could find replacements for these key personnel, the loss of their services could materially and adversely affect our operations because of diminished relationships with lenders, prospective clients and industry personnel.
Risks Related to Real Estate
Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with our real estate assets and with the real estate industry.
Our economic performance and the value of our real estate assets, and consequently the value of our securities, are subject to the risk that if our properties do not generate revenues sufficient to meet our operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our securityholders will be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the income generated by our properties:
•downturns in the national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment);
•changes in client preferences and space utilization from full-time, collective in-person work environments to hybrid or remote work models, which could decrease overall demand for workplaces and cause market rental rates and property values to be negatively impacted;
•competition from other office, life sciences, hotel, retail and residential buildings;
•local real estate market conditions, such as oversupply or reduction in demand for office, life sciences, hotel, retail or residential space;
•changes in interest rates and availability of financing;
•vacancies, changes in market rental rates and the need to periodically repair, renovate and re-let space;
•delays in completion of development and redevelopment projects due to supply chain disruptions and labor shortages;
•increased costs to maintain, renovate and develop our properties related to inflation;
•increased operating costs, including insurance expense, utilities, real estate taxes, state and local taxes and heightened security costs;
•civil disturbances, earthquakes and other natural disasters or terrorist acts or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses or decrease the desirability to our clients in impacted locations;
•significant expenditures associated with each investment, such as debt service payments, real estate taxes (including reassessments and changes in tax laws), insurance and maintenance costs which are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in revenues from a property;
•declines in the financial condition of our clients and our ability to collect rents from our clients; and
•decreases in the underlying value of our real estate.
We face potential adverse effects from major clients’ bankruptcies or insolvencies.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major client may adversely affect the income produced by our properties. Our clients could file for bankruptcy protection or become insolvent in the future. We cannot evict a client solely because of its bankruptcy. On the other hand, a bankrupt client may reject and terminate its lease with us. In such case, our claim against the bankrupt client for unpaid and future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease, and, even so, our claim for unpaid rent would likely not be paid in full. This shortfall could adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations.
Our properties face significant competition.
We face significant competition from developers, owners and managers of office, life sciences and residential properties and other commercial real estate, including sublease space available from our clients. Substantially all of our properties face competition from similar properties in the same market. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain clients and may reduce the rents we are able to charge. These competing properties may have vacancy rates higher than our properties, which may result in their owners being willing to lease available space at lower rates than the space in our properties.
We face potential difficulties or delays renewing leases or re-leasing space.
We derive most of our income from rent received from our clients. If a client experiences a downturn in its business or other types of financial distress, it may be unable to make timely rental payments. Also, when our clients decide not to renew their leases, renew for less space or terminate early, we may not be able to re-let the space or there could be a substantial delay in re-letting the space. Even if clients decide to renew or lease new space, the terms of renewals or new leases, including the cost of required renovations or concessions to clients, may be less favorable to us than current lease terms. As a result, our cash flow could decrease and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders could be adversely affected.
Our actual costs to develop properties may exceed our budgeted costs.
We intend to continue to develop and substantially renovate office, life sciences, retail and residential properties. Our current and future development and construction activities may be exposed to the following risks:
•we may be unable to proceed with the development of properties because we cannot obtain financing on favorable terms or at all;
•we may incur construction costs for a development project that exceed our original estimates due to increased materials, labor, leasing or other costs, increases in interest rates, or supply chain disruptions, any of which could make completion of the project less profitable because market rents may not increase sufficiently to compensate for the increase in construction costs;
•we may be unable to obtain, or face delays in obtaining, required zoning, land-use, building, occupancy, and other governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased costs and could require us to abandon our activities entirely with respect to a project;
•we may abandon development opportunities after we begin to explore them and, as a result, we may lose deposits or fail to recover expenses already incurred;
•we may expend funds on and devote management’s time to projects that we do not complete;
•we may be unable to complete construction and/or leasing of a property on schedule or at all; and
•we may suspend development projects after construction has begun due to changes in economic conditions or other factors, and this may result in the write-off of costs, payment of additional costs or increases in overall costs when the development project is restarted.
Investment returns from our developed properties may be less than anticipated.
Our developed properties may be exposed to the following risks:
•we may lease developed properties at rental rates that are less than projected, or at a slower pace than projected, at the time we decide to undertake the development;
•operating expenses and construction costs may be greater than projected at the time of development, resulting in our investment being less profitable than we expected; and
•occupancy rates and rents at newly developed properties may fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market and economic conditions, and may result in our investments being less profitable than we expected or not profitable at all.
We face risks associated with the development of mixed-use commercial and residential properties.
We operate, are currently developing, and may in the future develop, properties either alone or through joint ventures with other parties that are known as “mixed-use” properties. For mixed-use developments, this means that in addition to the development of office space, the project may also include space for residential, retail, hotel or other commercial purposes. We are also developing, and may in the future develop, residential buildings. We have less experience in developing and managing non-office and non-retail real estate than we do with office real estate. As a result, if a development project includes a non-office or non-retail use, we may seek to develop that component ourselves, sell the rights to that component to a third-party developer with experience in that use or we may seek to partner with such a developer. If we do not sell the rights or partner with such a developer, or if we choose to develop the other component ourselves, we would be exposed not only to those risks typically associated with the development of commercial real estate generally, but also to specific risks associated with the development and ownership of non-office and non-retail real estate. In addition, even if we sell the rights to develop the other component or elect to participate in the development through a joint venture, we may be exposed to the risks associated with the failure of the other party to complete the development as expected. These include the risk that the other party would default on its obligations necessitating that we complete the other component ourselves (including providing any necessary financing). In the case of residential properties, these risks include competition for prospective residents from other operators whose properties may be perceived to offer a better location or better amenities or whose rent may be perceived as a better value given the quality, location and amenities that the resident seeks. We will also compete against condominiums and single-family homes that are for sale or rent. Because we have less experience with residential properties than with office and retail properties, we expect to retain third parties to manage our residential properties. If we hire a third party manager, we would be dependent on them and their key personnel who provide services to us and we may not find a suitable replacement if the management agreement is terminated, or if key personnel leave or otherwise become unavailable to us.
Our use of joint ventures may limit our control over and flexibility with jointly owned investments and other assets we may wish to acquire.
In appropriate circumstances, we intend to acquire and recapitalize or develop, as applicable, properties in joint ventures with other parties. We currently have joint ventures that are and are not consolidated within our financial statements. Our participation in joint ventures subjects us to risks, including but not limited to, the following risks that:
•our joint venture partners may have different objectives than we have regarding the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of a property, its operation or, if applicable, the commencement of development activities, and a dispute with any of our joint venture partners could lead to the sale of a partner’s ownership interest in the venture or the property at a time or price that we do not find attractive;
•some of our joint ventures are subject to debt and, depending on credit market conditions, the refinancing of such debt may require equity capital calls;
•our joint venture partners may be structured differently than us for tax purposes and this could create conflicts of interest, including with respect to our compliance with the REIT requirements, and our REIT status could be jeopardized if any of our joint ventures do not operate in compliance with REIT requirements;
•our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflicts of interest;
•our joint venture partners may default on their obligations, which could necessitate that we fulfill their obligations ourselves;
•our joint ventures may be unable to repay any amounts that we may loan to them;
•our joint venture agreements may contain provisions limiting the liquidity of our interest for sale or sale of the entire asset;
•as the general partner or managing member of a joint venture, we could be generally liable under applicable law for the debts and obligations of the venture, and we may not be entitled to contribution or indemnification from our partners;
•our joint venture agreements may contain provisions that allow our partners to remove us as the general partner or managing member for cause, and this could result in liability for us to our partners under the governing agreement of the joint venture; and
•we may need our partner(s)’ approval to take certain actions and, therefore, we may be unable to cause a joint venture to implement decisions that we consider advisable.
We face the risk that third parties will not be able to service or repay loans we make to them.
From time to time, we have loaned and in the future may loan funds to (1) a third-party buyer to facilitate the sale of an asset by us to such third party, or (2) a third party in connection with the formation of a joint venture to acquire and/or develop a property. Making these loans subjects us to the following risks, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations and/or financial condition:
•the third party may be unable to make full and timely payments of interest and principal on the loan when due;
•if the third-party buyer to whom we provide seller financing does not manage the property well, or the property otherwise fails to meet financial projections, performs poorly or declines in value, then the buyer may not have the funds or ability to raise new debt with which to make required payments of interest and principal to us;
•if we loan funds to a joint venture, and the joint venture is unable to make required payments of interest or principal, or both, or there are disagreements with respect to the repayment of the loan or other matters, then we could have a resulting dispute with our partner(s), and such a dispute could harm our relationship(s) with our partner(s) and cause delays in developing or selling the property or the failure to properly manage the property; and
•if we loan funds to a joint venture and the joint venture is unable to make required payments of interest and principal, or both, then we may exercise remedies available to us in the joint venture agreement that could allow us to increase our ownership interest or our control over major decisions, or both, which could result in an unconsolidated joint venture becoming consolidated with our financial statement; doing so could require us to reallocate the purchase price among the various asset and liability components and this could result in material changes to our reported results of operations and financial condition.
We face risks associated with property acquisitions.
We have acquired in the past and intend to continue to pursue the acquisition of properties and portfolios of properties, including large portfolios that could increase our size and result in alterations to our capital structure. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks:
•even if we enter into an acquisition agreement for a property, we may be unable to complete that acquisition after making a non-refundable deposit and incurring certain other acquisition-related costs;
•we may be unable to obtain or assume financing for acquisitions on favorable terms or at all;
•acquired properties may fail to perform as expected;
•the actual costs of repositioning, redeveloping or maintaining acquired properties may be greater than our estimates;
•the acquisition agreement will likely contain conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations to our satisfaction or other conditions that are not within our control, which may not be satisfied;
•acquired properties may be located in new markets, either within or outside the United States, where we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area, costs associated with opening a new regional office and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures;
•we may acquire real estate through the acquisition of the ownership entity subjecting us to the risks of that entity; and
•we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations, and this could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We have acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties through the acquisition of first mortgage or mezzanine debt. Investments in these loans must be carefully structured to ensure that BXP continues to satisfy the various asset and income requirements applicable to REITs. If we fail to structure any such acquisition properly, BXP could fail to qualify as a REIT. In addition, acquisitions of first mortgage or mezzanine loans subject us to the risks associated with the borrower’s default, including potential bankruptcy, and there may be significant delays and costs associated with the process of foreclosure on collateral securing or supporting these investments. There can be no assurance that we would recover any or all of our investment in the event of such a default or bankruptcy.
We have acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP. This acquisition structure has the effect, among others, of reducing the amount of tax depreciation we can deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and typically requires that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell an asset at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.
Acquired properties may expose us to unknown liability.
We may acquire properties or invest in joint ventures that own properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, against the prior owners or other third parties with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. Unknown liabilities with respect to acquired properties might include:
•liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination;
•claims by clients, vendors or other persons against the former owners of the properties;
•liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and
•claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.
Competition for acquisitions may result in increased prices for properties.
We plan to continue to acquire properties as we are presented with attractive opportunities. We may face competition for acquisition opportunities with other investors, and this competition may adversely affect us by subjecting us to the following risks:
•we may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other well-capitalized real estate investors, including publicly traded and private REITs, institutional investment funds and other real estate investors; and
•even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other real estate investors may significantly increase the purchase price.
We may have difficulty selling our properties, which may limit our flexibility.
Properties like the ones that we own could be difficult to sell. This may limit our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, federal tax laws limit our ability to sell properties and this may affect our ability to sell properties without adversely affecting returns to our securityholders. These restrictions reduce our ability to respond to changes in the performance of our investments and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to dispose of some of our properties is constrained by their tax attributes. Properties that we developed and have owned for a significant period of time or that we acquired through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP often have low tax bases. Furthermore, as a REIT, BXP may be subject to a 100% “prohibited transactions” tax on the gain from dispositions of property if BXP is deemed to hold the property primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, unless the disposition qualifies under a safe harbor exception for properties that have been held for at least two years and with respect to which certain other requirements are met. The potential application of the prohibited transactions tax could cause us to forego potential dispositions of property or other opportunities that might otherwise be attractive to us, or to undertake such dispositions or other opportunities through a taxable REIT subsidiary, which would generally result in income taxes being incurred. If we dispose of these properties outright in taxable transactions, we may be required to distribute a significant amount of the taxable gain to our securityholders under the requirements of the Code applicable to REITs, which in turn would impact our future cash flow and may increase our leverage. In some cases, without incurring additional costs we may be restricted from disposing of properties contributed in exchange for our partnership interests under tax protection agreements with contributors. To dispose of low basis or tax-protected properties efficiently we from time to time use like-kind exchanges, which are intended to qualify for non-recognition of taxable gain, but can be difficult to consummate and result in the property for which the disposed assets are exchanged inheriting their low tax bases and other tax attributes (including tax protection covenants).
Because we own a hotel property, we face the risks associated with the hospitality industry.
The following factors, among others, are common to the hotel industry, and may reduce the receipts generated by our hotel property:
•our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, a number of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than our hotel-operating business partners;
•if there is an increase in operating costs resulting from inflation and other factors, our hotel-operating business partners may not be able to offset such increase by increasing room rates;
•our hotel property is subject to the fluctuating and seasonal demands of business travelers and tourism; and
•our hotel property is subject to general and local economic and social conditions that may affect demand for travel in general, including fluctuations in consumer spending, public health concerns, war and terrorism.
In addition, because our hotel property is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is subject to the Cambridge market’s fluctuations in demand, increases in operating costs and increased competition from additions in supply.
Failure to comply with Federal Government contractor requirements could result in substantial costs and loss of substantial revenue.
As of December 31, 2024, the U.S. Government was one of our largest clients by square feet. We are subject to compliance with a wide variety of complex legal requirements because we are a Federal Government contractor. These laws regulate how we conduct business, require us to administer various compliance programs and require us to impose compliance responsibilities on some of our contractors. Our failure to comply with these laws could subject us to fines, penalties and damages, cause us to be in default of our leases and other contracts with the Federal Government and bar us from entering into future leases and other contracts with the Federal Government. There can be no assurance that these costs and loss of revenue will not have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations or business.
Changes in rent control or rent stabilization and eviction laws and regulations in our markets could have a material adverse effect on our residential portfolio’s results of operations and residential property values.
Various state and local governments have enacted, and may continue to enact, rent control or rent stabilization laws and regulations or take other actions that could limit our ability to raise rents or charge certain fees, such as pet fees or application fees. Depending on the extent and terms of future enactments of rent control or rent stabilization laws and regulations, as well as any lawsuits against us arising from such issues, such future enactments could have a material adverse effect on our residential portfolio’s results of operations and the value of our residential properties.
State and local governments may also make changes to eviction and other tenants’ rights laws and regulations that could have a material adverse effect on our residential portfolio’s results of operations and the value of our residential properties. If we are restricted from re-leasing apartment units due to the inability to evict delinquent residents, our results of operations and property values for our residential properties may be adversely affected.
We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with properties acquired during BXP’s initial public offering.
We acquired many of our properties from our predecessors at the completion of BXP’s initial public offering in June 1997. Before we acquired these properties, each of them was insured by a title insurance policy. We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with the acquisition of these properties. To the extent we have financed properties after acquiring them in connection with the initial public offering, we have obtained new title insurance policies, however, the amount of these policies may be less than the current or future value of the applicable properties. Nevertheless, because in many instances we acquired these properties indirectly by acquiring ownership of the entity that owned the property and those owners remain in existence as our subsidiaries, some of these title insurance policies may continue to benefit us. Many of these title insurance policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties. If there was a title defect related to any of these properties, or to any of the properties acquired at the time of the initial public offering of BXP, that is no longer covered by a title insurance policy, we could lose both our capital invested in and our anticipated profits from such property. We have obtained title insurance policies for all properties that we have acquired after the initial public offering of BXP, however, these policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties.
Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.
Our property insurance program per occurrence limits are $1.0 billion for our portfolio insurance program, including coverage for acts of terrorism other than nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism (“Terrorism Coverage”). We also carry $1.35 billion of property insurance in excess of the $1.0 billion of coverage in our property insurance program for 601 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York, consisting of $750 million of property and Terrorism Coverage in excess of our property insurance program and $600 million of Terrorism Coverage only in excess of the $1.75 billion of coverage. Certain properties, including the General Motors Building located at 767
Fifth Avenue in New York, New York (“767 Fifth Avenue”), are currently insured in separate insurance programs. The property insurance program per occurrence limits for 767 Fifth Avenue are $1.625 billion, including Terrorism Coverage. We also currently carry nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological terrorism insurance coverage for acts of terrorism certified under the Federal Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (as amended, “TRIA”) (“NBCR Coverage”), which is provided by IXP, LLC (“IXP”) as a direct insurer, for the properties in our portfolio, including 767 Fifth Avenue, but excluding certain other properties owned in joint ventures with third parties or which we manage. The per occurrence limit for NBCR Coverage is $1.0 billion. Under TRIA, after the payment of the required deductible and coinsurance, the NBCR Coverage provided by IXP is backstopped by the Federal Government if the aggregate industry insured losses resulting from a certified act of terrorism exceed a “program trigger.” The program trigger is $200 million, the coinsurance is 20% and the deductible is 20% of the premiums earned by the insurer for the year prior to a claim. If the Federal Government pays out for a loss under TRIA, it is mandatory that the Federal Government recoup the full amount of the loss from insurers offering TRIA coverage after the payment of the loss pursuant to a formula in TRIA. We may elect to terminate the NBCR Coverage if the Federal Government seeks recoupment for losses paid under TRIA, if TRIA is not extended after its expiration on December 31, 2027, if there is a change in our portfolio or for any other reason. We intend to continue to monitor the scope, nature and cost of available terrorism insurance.
We also currently carry earthquake insurance on our properties located in areas known to be subject to earthquakes. Specifically, we currently carry earthquake insurance which covers our San Francisco and Los Angeles regions with a $330 million per occurrence limit, and a $330 million annual aggregate limit, $30 million of which is provided by IXP, as a direct insurer. This insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. In addition, we currently carry earthquake insurance which covers our Seattle region with a $110 million per occurrence limit, and a $110 million annual aggregate limit. This insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 2% of the value of the affected property. The amount of our earthquake insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover losses from earthquakes. In addition, the amount of earthquake coverage could impact our ability to finance properties subject to earthquake risk. We may discontinue earthquake insurance or change the structure of our earthquake insurance program on some or all of our properties in the future if the premiums exceed our estimation of the value of the coverage.
IXP, a captive insurance company which is a wholly-owned subsidiary, acts as a direct insurer with respect to a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage for our Greater San Francisco and Los Angeles properties and our NBCR Coverage. Insofar as we own IXP, we are responsible for its liquidity and capital resources, and the accounts of IXP are part of our consolidated financial statements. In particular, if a loss occurs which is covered by our NBCR Coverage but is less than the applicable program trigger under TRIA, IXP would be responsible for the full amount of the loss without any backstop by the Federal Government. IXP would also be responsible for any recoupment charges by the Federal Government in the event losses are paid out and its insurance policy is maintained after the payout by the Federal Government. If we experience a loss and IXP is required to pay under its insurance policy, we would ultimately record the loss to the extent of the required payment. Therefore, insurance coverage provided by IXP should not be considered as the equivalent of third-party insurance, but rather as a modified form of self-insurance. In addition, BPLP has issued a guarantee to cover liabilities of IXP in the amount of $20.0 million.
We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market in general, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism, earthquakes, pandemics and cybersecurity incidents, in particular, but we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years. There are other types of losses, such as from wars, for which we cannot obtain insurance at all or at a reasonable cost. With respect to such losses and losses from acts of terrorism, earthquakes, pandemics or other catastrophic events, if we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties, as well as the anticipated future revenues from those properties. Depending on the specific circumstances of each affected property, it is possible that we could be liable for mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any such loss could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Actual or threatened terrorist attacks may adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties.
We have significant investments in large metropolitan markets that have been or may be in the future the targets of actual or threatened terrorism attacks, including Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC. As a result, some clients in these markets may choose to relocate their businesses to other markets or to lower-profile office buildings within these markets that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity. This could result in an overall decrease in the demand for office space in these markets
generally or in our properties in particular, which could increase vacancies in our properties or necessitate that we lease our properties on less favorable terms or both. In addition, future terrorist attacks in these markets could directly or indirectly damage our properties, both physically and financially, or cause losses that materially exceed our insurance coverage. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties could decline materially. See also “-Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.”
We face risks associated with security breaches, incidents, and compromises through cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.
We face risks associated with security breaches, incidents, and compromises, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, social engineering tactics, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach, incident, compromise, or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems and accounting for our business operations) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our clients.
Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures designed to manage the risk of a security breach, incident, compromise or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches, incident, compromise or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases, are designed not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.
Like other businesses, we have been, and expect to continue to be, subject to attempts at unauthorized access of our network, mishandling or misuse, computer viruses or malware, cyber attacks and intrusions and other events of varying degrees. To date, these events have not, individually or in the aggregate, materially affected our operations or business. However, a security breach, incident, compromise or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could:
•disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our clients;
•result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed reporting deadlines and/or missed permitting deadlines;
•result in our inability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding BXP’s qualification as a REIT;
•result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage and claims or threats by third-parties for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;
•result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our clients for the efficient use of their leased space;
•require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result;
•subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements or subject us to litigation and regulatory investigations and related fines and penalties;
•be uninsured or exceed policy limits, increase operating costs, including insurance expenses, or make future cyber risk coverage unavailable on commercially reasonable terms; and
•damage our reputation among our clients and investors generally.
Any one or more of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Refer to Part I, Item 1C. Cybersecurity in this Form 10-K for more information.
The use of technology based on artificial intelligence and machine learning presents risks and challenges that may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We use artificial intelligence and machine learning technology (collectively, “AI”) capabilities with the goal of enhancing efficiencies in conducting our business. Our deployment and application of AI remains ongoing. While these AI tools hold promise in optimizing our work processes and driving efficiencies, they also present risks, challenges and unintended consequences that could adversely affect our business and results of operations or those of our clients. These include, but are not limited to:
•the release, leak or disclosure of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information as a result of or in connection with our use of AI tools,
•the incorporation of AI by our clients, vendors, contractors and other third-parties into their products or services, with or without our knowledge, in a manner that could give rise to issues pertaining to data privacy, information security and intellectual property considerations, and
•the evolving legal regulations relating to AI, which may require significant resources to modify and maintain business practices to comply with applicable law or otherwise result in legal or regulatory action or create additional liabilities, the nature of which cannot be determined at this time.
While we aim to use AI responsibly and securely and attempt to mitigate ethical and legal issues presented by its use, we may ultimately be unsuccessful in identifying or resolving issues before they arise. There can be no assurance that we will properly implement AI, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
We face risks associated with our clients and contractual counterparties being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”). OFAC regulations and other laws prohibit conducting business or engaging in transactions with Prohibited Persons (the “OFAC Requirements”). Certain of our loan and other agreements require us to comply with OFAC Requirements. We have established a compliance program whereby clients and others with whom we conduct business are checked against the OFAC list of Prohibited Persons prior to entering into any agreement and on a periodic basis thereafter. Our leases and other agreements, in general, require the other party to comply with OFAC Requirements. If a client or other party with whom we contract is placed on the OFAC list we may be required by the OFAC Requirements to terminate the lease or other agreement. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or a damage claim by the other party that the termination was wrongful.
The outbreak of highly infectious or contagious diseases could adversely impact or cause disruption to our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity and that of our clients.
Public health crises such as pandemics or similar outbreaks could adversely impact our business. The full extent to which any future pandemic or similar outbreak may impact our operations and those of our clients will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Factors related to any public health crises that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition include:
•changes made by companies in response to a pandemic that could lead to a sustained shift away from collective in-person work environments or relocations away from the markets in which we operate, either of which could adversely affect the overall demand for workplaces in the regions in which we operate;
•reduced economic activity and/or supply chain disruptions or delays in delivery of products, services or other materials necessary for our clients that impact our clients’ businesses, financial condition or liquidity may cause, one or more of our clients to be unable to meet their obligations to us, including their ability to make timely rental payments, in full or at all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such
obligations, including rent concessions, deferrals or abatements, or to declare bankruptcy. Any one or more of the foregoing could:
•reduce our cash flows,
•adversely impact our ability to finance, refinance or sell a property,
•adversely impact our ability to continue paying distributions to our securityholders at current levels, or at all, and
•result in additional legal and other costs to enforce our rights, collect rent and/or re-lease the space occupied by the distressed client;
•the degree to which our clients’ businesses are negatively impacted could require us to write-off a client’s accrued rent balance and this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity;
•new laws, governmental policies, and similar actions, including legal restrictions on prosecutions, could adversely impact public safety and thereby adversely affect (1) the desirability of clients to lease space in our properties or markets, and (2) businesses’ office re-population plans;
•the impact of a pandemic could result in an event or change in circumstances that results in an impairment in the value of our properties or our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, and any such impairment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the periods in which the charge is taken;
•we may be unable to restructure or amend leases with certain of our clients on terms favorable to us or at all;
•the impact and validity of interpretations of lease provisions and applicable laws related to claims by clients regarding their obligations to pay rent as a result of a pandemic, and any adverse court rulings or decisions interpreting these provisions and laws, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity;
•the impact of governmental and business travel limitations and restrictions could result in temporary or sustained periods of decreased demand for hotel stays at our hotel property;
•the extent of labor shortages, disruptions in the supply chains, inflation impacting costs of materials, delays in permitting or inspections, and other factors could result in our failure to meet the development milestones set forth in any applicable lease agreement, which could provide the client the right to terminate its lease or entitle the client to monetary damages, delay the commencement or completion of construction and our anticipated lease-up plans for a development/redevelopment project or our overall development pipeline, including recognizing revenue for new leases, that may cause returns on investment to be less than projected, and/or increase the costs of construction of new or existing projects, any of which could adversely affect our investment returns, profitability and/or our future growth; and
•the potential that business interruption, loss of rental income and/or other associated expenses related to our operations will not be covered in whole or in part by our insurance policies, which may increase unreimbursed liabilities.
We face risks associated with climate change and severe weather events, as well as the regulatory efforts intended to reduce the effects of climate change.
The physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. For example, many of our properties are located along the East and West coasts, particularly those in the central business districts of Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity, extreme temperatures, rising sea-levels, extreme drought and/or wildfires. Over time, these conditions could result in declining demand for office space in our buildings or increased costs associated with infrastructure-related remediation projects. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by making property insurance unavailable or by increasing the cost of (i) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, (ii) real estate taxes or other assessments, (iii) energy and (iv) property maintenance. In addition, we face transition risks related to federal, state and local legislation and regulations that are being implemented, are under consideration to
mitigate the effects of climate change or that require increased environmental disclosures and reporting. The costs of complying with evolving regulatory requirements, including GHG emissions regulations and policies, could negatively impact our financial results.
For additional discussion regarding our approach to climate resiliency and our continued commitment to transparent reporting of sustainability performance indicators, see “Item 1. Business-Business and Growth Strategies-Sustainability” and our annual Sustainability & Impact Report available on our website at http://www.bxp.com under the heading “Commitment.”
Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.
Under federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, we may be required to investigate and clean up the effects of releases of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products at or migrating from our properties simply because of our current or past ownership or operation of the real estate. If unidentified environmental problems arise, we may have to make substantial payments, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders, because: as owner or operator we may have to pay for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred in connection with the contamination; the law typically imposes clean-up responsibility and liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the contamination; even if more than one person may be responsible for the contamination, each person who shares legal liability under the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs; and governmental entities and third parties may sue the owner or operator of a contaminated site for damages and costs.
These costs could be substantial and in extreme cases could exceed the amount of our insurance or the value of the contaminated property. We currently carry environmental insurance in an amount and subject to deductibles that we believe are commercially reasonable. Specifically, we carry a pollution legal liability policy with a $20 million limit per incident and a policy aggregate limit of $40 million. The presence or migration of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or the failure to properly remediate contamination may give rise to third-party claims for bodily injury, property damage and/or response costs and may materially and adversely affect our ability to borrow against, sell or rent an affected property. In addition, applicable environmental laws create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs in connection with contamination. Changes in laws, regulations and practices and their implementation increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing at our properties, or increasing the restrictions on the handling, storage or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or other actions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures.
Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos and other building materials. For example, laws require that owners or operators of buildings containing asbestos:
•properly manage and maintain the asbestos;
•notify and train those who may come into contact with asbestos; and
•undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building.
Such laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos fibers.
Some of our properties are located in urban and previously developed areas where fill or current or historic industrial uses of the areas have caused site contamination. It is our policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct or update Phase I environmental site assessments and asbestos surveys with respect to our acquisition of properties. These assessments generally include a visual inspection of the properties and the surrounding areas, an examination of current and historical uses of the properties and the surrounding areas and a review of relevant state, federal and historical documents, but do not involve invasive techniques such as soil and ground water sampling. Where appropriate, on a property-by-property basis, our practice is to have these consultants conduct additional testing, including sampling for asbestos, for lead and other contaminants in drinking water and, for soil and/or groundwater contamination where underground storage tanks are or were located or where other past site usage creates a potential environmental problem. Even though these environmental assessments are conducted, there is still the risk that:
•the environmental assessments and updates did not identify or properly address all potential environmental liabilities;
•a prior owner created a material environmental condition that is not known to us or the independent consultants preparing the assessments;
•new environmental liabilities have developed since the environmental assessments were conducted; and
•future uses or conditions such as changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations could result in environmental liability for us.
Inquiries about indoor air quality may necessitate special investigation and, depending on the results, remediation beyond our regular indoor air quality testing and maintenance programs. Indoor air quality issues can stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contaminants from indoor or outdoor sources, and biological contaminants such as molds, pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to chemical or biological contaminants can be alleged to be connected to allergic reactions or other adverse health effects. If these conditions were to occur at one of our properties, we may be subject to third-party claims for personal injury, or may need to undertake a targeted remediation program, including without limitation, special cleaning measures and steps to increase indoor ventilation rates and eliminate sources of contaminants. Such remediation programs could be costly, necessitate the temporary relocation of some or all of the property’s clients or require rehabilitation of the affected property.
Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.
The Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that certain buildings, including office buildings, residential buildings and hotels, be made accessible to disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount of cash available for distribution to our securityholders.
Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.
Any future international activities will be subject to special risks and we may not be able to effectively manage our international business.
We have underwritten, and in the future may acquire, properties, portfolios of properties or interests in real estate-related entities on a strategic or selective basis in international markets that are new to us. If we acquire properties or platforms located in these markets, we will face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge and understanding of the local economy, forging new business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local laws and government and permitting procedures. In addition, our international operations will be subject to the usual risks of doing business abroad such as possible revisions in tax treaties or other laws and regulations, including those governing the taxation of our international income, restrictions on the transfer of funds and uncertainty over terrorist activities. We cannot predict the likelihood that any of these developments may occur. Further, we may in the future enter into agreements with non-U.S. entities that are governed by the laws of, and are subject to dispute resolution in the courts of, another country or region. We cannot accurately predict whether such a forum would provide us with an effective and efficient means of resolving disputes that may arise.
Investments in international markets may also subject us to risks associated with funding increasing headcount, integrating new offices, and establishing effective controls and procedures to regulate the operations of new offices and to monitor compliance with U.S. laws and regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar foreign laws and regulations, such as the U.K. Bribery Act.
We may be subject to risks from potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of the other countries in which we invest.
If we invest in countries where the U.S. dollar is not the national currency, we will be subject to international currency risks from the potential fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of those other countries. A significant depreciation in the value of the currency of one or more countries where we have a significant investment may materially affect our results of operations. We may attempt to mitigate any such effects by borrowing in the currency of the country in which we are investing and, under certain circumstances, by hedging exchange rate fluctuations; however, access to capital may be more restricted, or unavailable on favorable terms or at all, in certain locations. For leases denominated in international currencies, we may use derivative financial instruments to manage the international currency exchange risk. We cannot assure you, however, that our efforts will successfully neutralize all international currency risks.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Financing
Elevated interest rates have, and may continue to increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt or sell assets on favorable terms or at all.
As of February 21, 2025, we had $2.4 billion outstanding indebtedness, excluding our unconsolidated joint ventures, that bears interest at a variable rate, and we may incur more indebtedness in the future. Approximately $0.9 billion of our variable rate debt has all been hedged with interest rates swaps to fix SOFR for all, or a portion of the applicable debt term. Interest rates remained elevated throughout 2024 and are expected to remain elevated through 2025. As interest rates remain high, the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt have increased, which, if current rates are sustained or continue to increase, could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders. Further, elevated interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or significantly increase our future interest expense. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging contracts, including swaps, caps and floors. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under guidance included in ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging.” In addition, high interest rates could decrease the amounts third-parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
Covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.
The mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to modify or discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured credit facility, unsecured debt securities and certain secured loans contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt, which we must maintain. Our continued ability to borrow under our credit facilities is subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants. In addition, our failure to comply with such covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or be available only on unattractive terms. Additionally, in the future our ability to satisfy current or prospective lenders’ insurance requirements may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist upon greater insurance coverage against acts of terrorism or losses resulting from earthquakes than is available to us in the marketplace or on commercially reasonable terms.
We rely on debt financing, including borrowings under our unsecured credit facility, issuances of unsecured debt securities and debt secured by individual properties, to finance our existing portfolio, our acquisition and development activities and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt financing from these or other sources, or to refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected. If we breach covenants in our debt agreements, the lenders can declare a default and, if the debt is secured, can take possession of the property securing the defaulted loan. In addition, our unsecured debt agreements contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under our debt agreements could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We face risks associated with the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including refinancing risk.
We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest. We anticipate that only a small portion of the principal of our debt will be repaid prior to maturity. Therefore, we are likely to need to refinance at least a portion of our outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that we may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or repaid with proceeds from other sources, such as new equity capital, our cash flow may not be sufficient to repay all maturing debt in years when significant “balloon” payments come due. In addition, we may rely on debt to fund a portion of our new investments such as our acquisition and development activity. There is a risk that we may be unable to finance these activities on favorable terms or at all. These conditions, which increase the cost and reduce the availability of debt, may continue or worsen in the future.
We have had and may in the future have agreements with a number of limited partners of BPLP who contributed properties in exchange for partnership interests that require BPLP to maintain for specified periods of time secured debt on certain of our assets and/or allocate partnership debt to such limited partners to enable them to continue to defer recognition of their taxable gain with respect to the contributed property. These tax protection and debt allocation agreements may restrict our ability to repay or refinance debt. As of December 31, 2024, we had one tax protection agreement that could restrict our ability to repay or finance debt.
Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our equity and debt securities.
As of February 21, 2025, our Consolidated Debt was approximately $15.7 billion (excluding unconsolidated joint venture debt).
The following table presents Consolidated Market Capitalization as well as the corresponding ratios of Consolidated Debt to Consolidated Market Capitalization (dollars and shares / units in thousands):
February 21, 2025
Shares / Units Outstanding Common Stock Equivalent Equivalent Value (1)
Common Stock 158,210 158,210 $ 10,894,341
Common Operating Partnership Units
18,529 18,529 1,275,907 (2)
Total Equity (A) 176,739 $ 12,170,248
Consolidated Debt (B) $ 15,682,822
Consolidated Market Capitalization (A + B) $ 27,853,070
Consolidated Debt/Consolidated Market Capitalization [B / (A + B)] 56.31 %
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(1)Values are based on the closing price per share of BXP’s Common Stock on February 21, 2025 of $68.86.
(2)Includes LTIP Units (including 2012 OPP Units and earned MYLTIP Units that were granted between 2013 - 2022), but excludes MYLTIP Units granted between 2023 and 2025 because the performance period for those awards has not yet ended.
Our degree of leverage could affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes. Our senior unsecured debt is currently rated investment grade by two major rating agencies. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain these ratings. In December 2023 and January 2024, our senior debt credit ratings were downgraded, although both remain investment grade. In the event our senior debt is further downgraded from its current ratings, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs and/or difficulty in obtaining additional financing. Our degree of leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy generally. There is a risk that changes in our debt to market capitalization ratio, which is in part a function of BXP’s stock price, or BPLP’s ratio of indebtedness to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts may have an adverse effect on the market price of our equity or debt securities.
We face risks associated with short-term liquid investments.
We may invest cash balances in a variety of short-term investments that are intended to preserve principal value and maintain a high degree of liquidity while providing current income. From time to time, these investments may include (either directly or indirectly):
•direct obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury;
•obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies;
•taxable municipal securities;
•obligations (including certificates of deposit) of banks and thrifts;
•commercial paper and other instruments consisting of short-term U.S. dollar denominated obligations issued by corporations and banks;
•repurchase agreements collateralized by corporate and asset-backed obligations;
•both registered and unregistered money market funds; and
•other highly rated short-term securities.
Investments in these securities and funds are not insured against loss of principal. Under certain circumstances we may be required to redeem all or part of our investment, and our right to redeem some or all of our investment may be delayed or suspended. In addition, there is no guarantee that our investments in these securities or funds will be redeemable at par value. A decline in the value of our investment or a delay or suspension of our right to redeem may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Conflicts of interest exist with holders of interests in BPLP.
Sales of properties and repayment of related indebtedness will have different effects on holders of interests in BPLP than on BXP’s stockholders.
Some holders of interests in BPLP could incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties and on the repayment of related debt which differ from the tax consequences to BXP and its stockholders. Consequently, such holders of partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale or repayment of debt. While BXP has exclusive authority under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP to determine when to refinance or repay debt or whether, when, and on what terms to sell a property, subject, in the case of certain properties, to the contractual commitments described below, any such decision would require the approval of BXP’s Board of Directors. While the Board of Directors has a policy with respect to these matters, directors and executive officers could exercise their influence in a manner inconsistent with the interests of some, or a majority, of BXP’s stockholders, including in a manner which could prevent completion of a sale of a property or the repayment of indebtedness.
Agreement not to sell some properties.
We have had and may have in the future agreements with the contributors of properties that we have acquired in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP pursuant to which we have agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer the properties, prior to specified dates, in any transaction that would trigger taxable income to the contributors. In addition, we are responsible for the reimbursement of certain tax-related costs to the prior owners if the subject properties are sold in a taxable sale. In general, our obligations to the prior owners are limited in time and only apply to actual damages suffered.
Also, BPLP has had and may have in the future agreements providing prior owners of properties with the right to guarantee specific amounts of indebtedness and, in the event that the specific indebtedness they guarantee is repaid or reduced, additional and/or substitute indebtedness. These agreements may hinder actions that BPLP may otherwise desire to take to repay or refinance guaranteed indebtedness because doing so would require BPLP to make payments to the prior owners if BPLP violates these agreements.
Limits on changes in control may discourage takeover attempts beneficial to stockholders.
Provisions in BXP’s charter and bylaws, BXP’s shareholder rights agreement and the limited partnership agreement of BPLP, as well as provisions of the Code and Delaware corporate law, may:
•delay or prevent a change of control over BXP or a tender offer, even if such action might be beneficial to BXP’s stockholders; and
•limit BXP’s stockholders’ opportunity to receive a potential premium for their shares of common stock over then-prevailing market prices.
Stock Ownership Limit
To facilitate maintenance of BXP’s qualification as a REIT and to otherwise address concerns relating to concentration of stock ownership, BXP’s charter generally prohibits ownership, directly, indirectly or beneficially, by any single stockholder of more than 6.6% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of its common stock. We refer to this limitation as the “ownership limit.” BXP’s Board of Directors may waive, in its sole discretion, or modify the ownership limit with respect to one or more persons if it is satisfied that ownership in excess of this limit will not jeopardize BXP’s status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, under BXP’s charter, each of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and the respective families and affiliates of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and Edward H. Linde, as well as, in general, pension plans and mutual funds, may actually and beneficially own up to 15% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of BXP’s equity common stock. Shares owned in violation of the ownership limit will be subject to the loss of rights to distributions and voting and other penalties. The ownership limit may have the effect of inhibiting or impeding a change in control.
BPLP’s Partnership Agreement
BXP has agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP not to engage in specified extraordinary transactions, including, among others, business combinations, unless limited partners of BPLP other than BXP receive, or have the opportunity to receive, either (1) the same consideration for their partnership interests as holders of BXP common stock in the transaction or (2) limited partnership units that, among other things, would entitle the holders, upon redemption of these units, to receive shares of common equity of a publicly traded company or the same consideration as holders of BXP common stock received in the transaction. If these limited partners would not receive such consideration, we cannot engage in the transaction unless limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by BXP or its affiliates, consent to the transaction. In addition, BXP has agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP that it will not complete specified extraordinary transactions, including among others, business combinations, in which BXP receives the approval of its common stockholders unless (1) limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by BXP or its affiliates, consent to the transaction or (2) the limited partners of BPLP are also allowed to vote and the transaction would have been approved had these limited partners been able to vote as common stockholders on the transaction. Therefore, if BXP’s common stockholders approve a specified extraordinary transaction, the partnership agreement requires the following before it can complete the transaction:
•holders of partnership interests in BPLP, including BXP, must vote on the matter;
•BXP must vote its partnership interests in the same proportion as its stockholders voted on the transaction; and
•the result of the vote of holders of partnership interests in BPLP must be such that had such vote been a vote of stockholders, the business combination would have been approved.
With respect to specified extraordinary transactions, BXP has agreed in BPLP’s partnership agreement to use its commercially reasonable efforts to structure such a transaction to avoid causing its limited partners to recognize gain for federal income tax purposes by virtue of the occurrence of or their participation in such a transaction.
As a result of these provisions, a potential acquirer may be deterred from making an acquisition proposal, and BXP may be prohibited by contract from engaging in a proposed extraordinary transaction, including a proposed business combination, even though BXP stockholders approve of the transaction.
We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our stockholders.
Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by BXP’s Board of Directors. Accordingly, our securityholders do not control these policies.
Risks Related to BXP’s Status as a REIT
Failure to qualify as a REIT would cause BXP to be taxed as a corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for payment of dividends.
If BXP fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, it will be taxed as a corporation unless certain relief provisions apply. We believe that BXP is organized and qualified as a REIT and intends to operate in a manner that will allow BXP to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we cannot assure you that BXP is qualified as such, or that it will remain qualified as such in the future. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Code as to which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.
In addition, we currently hold certain of our properties through subsidiaries that have elected to be taxed as REITs and we may in the future determine that it is in our best interests to hold one or more of our other properties through one or more subsidiaries that elect to be taxed as REITs. If any of these subsidiaries fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, then BXP may also fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
If BXP or any of its subsidiaries that are REITs fails to qualify as a REIT then, unless certain relief provisions apply, it will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for payment of dividends for each of the years involved because:
•BXP would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing its taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;
•BXP also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax for tax years ending before January 1, 2018 and possibly increased state and local taxes; and
•unless BXP is entitled to relief under statutory provisions, BXP could not elect to be subject to tax as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which it was disqualified.
In addition, if BXP fails to qualify as a REIT and the relief provisions do not apply, it will no longer be required to pay dividends. As a result of all these factors, BXP’s failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to raise capital and expand our business, and it would adversely affect the value of BXP’s common stock. If BXP or any of its subsidiaries that are REITs fails to qualify as a REIT but is eligible for certain relief provisions, then it may retain its status as a REIT, but may be required to pay a penalty tax, which could be substantial.
In order to maintain BXP’s REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.
In order to maintain BXP’s REIT status, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. To qualify as a REIT, BXP generally must distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its taxable income each year, excluding capital gains and with certain other adjustments. In addition, BXP will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which dividends paid in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of ordinary income, 95% of capital gain net income and 100% of undistributed income from prior years. We may need short-term debt or long-term debt or proceeds from asset sales, creation of joint ventures or sales of common stock to fund required distributions as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. Any inability of our cash flows to cover our distribution requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise short- and long-term debt or sell equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain BXP’s REIT status.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could negatively impact our financial condition.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended, including with respect to our hotel ownership structure. We cannot predict if or when any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation, or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. BXP, its taxable REIT subsidiaries, and our securityholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, Treasury regulation or administrative interpretation.
We face possible adverse state and local tax audits and changes in state and local tax laws.
Because BXP is organized and qualifies as a REIT, it is generally not subject to federal income taxes, but we are subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate either have undergone, or are currently undergoing, tax audits. Although we believe that we have substantial arguments in favor of our positions in the ongoing audits, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance on the specific point at issue. Collectively, tax deficiency notices received to date from the jurisdictions conducting the ongoing audits have not been material. However, there can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
From time to time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends and distributions to our securityholders.
General Risk Factors
Changes in market conditions could adversely affect the market price of BXP’s common stock.
As with other publicly traded equity securities, the value of BXP’s common stock depends on various market conditions that may change from time to time. Among the market conditions that may affect the value of BXP’s common stock are the following:
•the extent of investor interest in our securities;
•the general reputation of REITs and the sentiment towards the office sector and the attractiveness of our equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate-based companies;
•our underlying asset value;
•investor confidence in the stock and bond markets, generally;
•national economic conditions;
•changes in tax laws;
•our financial performance;
•changes in our credit ratings;
•differences between the yields paid on other investments available in the market and BXP’s dividend yield; and
•general stock and bond market conditions, including changes in interest rates.
The market value of BXP’s common stock is based primarily upon the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings and cash dividends. Consequently, BXP’s common stock may trade at prices that are greater or less than BXP’s net asset value per share of common stock. If our future earnings or cash dividends are less than expected, it is likely that the market price of BXP’s common stock will diminish.
Further issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to current securityholders.
The interests of our existing securityholders could be diluted if additional equity securities are issued to finance future developments, acquisitions or repay indebtedness. Our ability to execute our business strategy depends on our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit and other forms of secured and unsecured debt, and equity financing, including common and preferred equity.
The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of BXP’s stock.
In connection with and subsequent to BXP’s initial public offering, we have completed many private placement transactions in which shares of stock of BXP or partnership interests in BPLP were issued to owners of properties we acquired or to institutional investors. This common stock, or common stock issuable in exchange for such partnership interests in BPLP, may be sold in the public securities markets over time under registration rights we granted to these investors. Additional common stock issuable under our employee benefit and other incentive plans, including as a result of the grant of stock options and restricted equity securities, may also be sold in the market at some time in the future. Future sales of BXP common stock in the market could adversely affect the price of its common stock. We cannot predict the effect the perception in the market that such sales may occur will have on the market price of BXP’s common stock.
Our involvement in legal proceedings and other claims may result in substantial monetary and other costs that have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings and other claims. We may also be named as defendants in lawsuits allegedly arising out of our actions or the actions of our vendors, contractors, clients or other contractual parties in which such parties have agreed to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities arising in connection with their respective businesses and/or added as an additional insured under certain insurance policies. An unfavorable resolution of any legal proceeding or other claim could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results from operations. Regardless of its outcome, legal proceedings and other claims may result in substantial costs and expenses and significantly divert the attention of our management. With respect to any legal proceeding or other claim, there can be no assurance that we will be able to prevail, or achieve a favorable settlement or outcome, or that our insurance or the insurance and/or any contractual indemnities of our vendors, contractors, clients or other contractual parties will be enough to cover all of our defense costs or any resulting liabilities.
Changes in accounting pronouncements could adversely affect our operating results, in addition to the reported financial performance of our clients.
Accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Uncertainties posed by various initiatives of accounting standard-setting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission, which create and interpret applicable accounting standards for U.S. companies, may change the financial accounting and reporting standards or their interpretation and application of these standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. Changes include, but are not limited to, changes in revenue recognition, lease accounting and the adoption of accounting standards likely to require the increased use of “fair-value” measures.
These changes could have a material impact on our reported financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in potentially material restatements of prior period financial statements. Similarly, these changes could have a material impact on our clients’ reported financial condition or results of operations or could affect our clients’ preferences regarding leasing real estate.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
At December 31, 2024, we owned or had joint venture interests in 185 commercial real estate properties, aggregating approximately 53.3 million net rentable square feet of primarily premier workplaces, including seven properties under construction/redevelopment totaling approximately 2.3 million net rentable square feet. Our properties consisted of (1) 163 office and life sciences properties (including five properties under construction/redevelopment), (2) 14 retail properties (including one property under construction), (3) seven residential properties (including one property under construction) and (4) one hotel. The table set forth below shows information relating to the properties we owned, or in which we had an ownership interest, at December 31, 2024, and it includes properties held by both consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures.
Properties Location % Occupied as of December 31, 2024 (1)
Number of Buildings Net Rentable Square Feet
Office
767 Fifth Avenue (The GM Building) (60% ownership)
New York, NY 92.1 % 1 1,970,335
200 Clarendon Street
Boston, MA 97.8 % 1 1,728,956
601 Lexington Avenue (55% ownership) New York, NY 95.7 % 1 1,670,502
399 Park Avenue
New York, NY 99.9 % 1 1,567,470
Salesforce Tower
San Francisco, CA 98.0 % 1 1,420,682
800 Boylston Street - The Prudential Center
Boston, MA 96.4 % 1 1,274,927
7 Times Square (formerly Times Square Tower) (55% ownership) New York, NY 80.7 % 1 1,238,599
100 Federal Street (55% ownership)
Boston, MA 89.0 % 1 1,233,537
Colorado Center (50% ownership) (2) Santa Monica, CA 89.6 % 6 1,130,066
599 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 95.8 % 1 1,106,335
Properties Location % Occupied as of December 31, 2024 (1)
Number of Buildings Net Rentable Square Feet
Santa Monica Business Park Santa Monica, CA 80.6 % 14 1,104,967
Reston Next Reston, VA 92.1 % 2 1,063,284
250 West 55th Street
New York, NY 97.4 % 1 966,976
Embarcadero Center Four
San Francisco, CA 93.4 % 1 942,640
111 Huntington Avenue - The Prudential Center
Boston, MA 100.0 % 1 860,446
200 Fifth Avenue (26.69% ownership) (2) New York, NY 100.0 % 1 855,059
Embarcadero Center One
San Francisco, CA 69.6 % 1 837,522
Embarcadero Center Two
San Francisco, CA 88.3 % 1 801,498
Atlantic Wharf Office (55% ownership)
Boston, MA 95.4 % 1 793,024
Embarcadero Center Three
San Francisco, CA 83.1 % 1 785,911
Gateway Commons (50% Ownership) (2) (3) South San Francisco, CA 70.5 % 5 785,457
Safeco Plaza (33.67% ownership) (2) Seattle, WA 83.8 % 1 762,631
Madison Centre Seattle, WA 79.5 % 1 755,164
7750 Wisconsin Avenue (50% ownership) (2) Bethesda, MD 100.0 % 1 735,573
Dock 72 (50% ownership) (2) Brooklyn, NY 42.7 % 1 668,521
100 Causeway Street (50% ownership) (2) Boston, MA 96.4 % 1 633,818
South of Market
Reston, VA 99.6 % 3 624,387
Bay Colony Corporate Center
Waltham, MA 77.8 % 2 546,248
Mountain View Research Park
Mountain View, CA 60.7 % 15 542,264
Reservoir Place
Waltham, MA 36.6 % 1 526,215
Fountain Square
Reston, VA 95.1 % 2 524,585
680 Folsom Street
San Francisco, CA 59.2 % 2 522,406
901 New York Avenue Washington, DC 84.8 % 1 508,130
101 Huntington Avenue - The Prudential Center
Boston, MA 99.0 % 1 506,476
145 Broadway
Cambridge, MA 99.6 % 1 490,086
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, DC 94.2 % 1 475,849
2200 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 94.9 % 1 459,811
One Freedom Square
Reston, VA 86.0 % 1 427,646
Two Freedom Square
Reston, VA 99.8 % 1 423,222
140 Kendrick Street Needham, MA 73.3 % 3 418,600
Market Square North (50% ownership) (2) Washington, DC 76.2 % 1 417,298
325 Main Street Cambridge, MA 91.2 % 1 415,512
The Hub on Causeway - Podium (50% ownership) (2) Boston, MA 94.8 % 1 382,988
One and Two Discovery Square
Reston, VA 89.7 % 2 366,989
888 Boylston Street - The Prudential Center
Boston, MA 100.0 % 1 363,320
Weston Corporate Center
Weston, MA 100.0 % 1 356,995
510 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 90.1 % 1 352,589
One Reston Overlook
Reston, VA 91.3 % 1 319,519
535 Mission Street
San Francisco, CA 67.8 % 1 307,205
Properties Location % Occupied as of December 31, 2024 (1)
Number of Buildings Net Rentable Square Feet
Waltham Weston Corporate Center
Waltham, MA 75.5 % 1 301,611
230 CityPoint
Waltham, MA 97.7 % 1 296,720
Wisconsin Place Office
Chevy Chase, MD 47.5 % 1 294,525
17Fifty Presidents Street
Reston, VA 100.0 % 1 275,809
Reston Corporate Center (4) Reston, VA 100.0 % 2 261,046
Democracy Tower
Reston, VA 99.3 % 1 259,441
355 Main Street
Cambridge, MA 99.3 % 1 256,966
1330 Connecticut Avenue
Washington, DC 92.3 % 1 252,262
10 CityPoint
Waltham, MA 97.1 % 1 236,570
510 Carnegie Center Princeton, NJ 65.6 % 1 234,160
500 North Capitol Street, N.W. (30% ownership) (2) Washington, DC 98.5 % 1 230,900
90 Broadway
Cambridge, MA 100.0 % 1 223,771
255 Main Street
Cambridge, MA 82.5 % 1 215,394
20 CityPoint
Waltham, MA 98.1 % 1 211,476
77 CityPoint
Waltham, MA 92.7 % 1 209,382
Sumner Square
Washington, DC 95.6 % 1 208,797
University Place
Cambridge, MA 100.0 % 1 195,282
North First Business Park (5) San Jose, CA 58.6 % 5 190,636
890 Winter Street Waltham, MA 70.6 % 1 180,159
150 Broadway
Cambridge, MA 100.0 % 1 177,226
Capital Gallery Washington, DC 80.8 % 1 176,824
206 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ - % 1 161,763
210 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 33.2 % 1 159,468
Kingstowne Two
Alexandria, VA 55.8 % 1 156,005
105 Broadway
Cambridge, MA 100.0 % 1 152,664
212 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 82.4 % 1 148,942
214 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 62.9 % 1 146,799
2440 West El Camino Real
Mountain View, CA 71.5 % 1 142,711
506 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 77.2 % 1 139,050
Two Reston Overlook
Reston, VA 100.0 % 1 134,615
508 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 100.0 % 1 134,433
202 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 71.9 % 1 134,068
804 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 100.0 % 1 130,000
101 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 82.6 % 1 122,791
504 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 100.0 % 1 121,990
502 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 98.6 % 1 121,460
1265 Main Street (50% ownership) (2) Waltham, MA 100.0 % 1 120,681
701 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 100.0 % 1 120,000
104 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 35.6 % 1 102,930
103 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 64.6 % 1 96,322
Reservoir Place North
Waltham, MA 100.0 % 1 73,258
32 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 100.0 % 1 69,154
302 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 100.0 % 1 64,926
211 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ - % 1 47,025
92 Hayden Avenue
Lexington, MA 100.0 % 1 31,100
Properties Location % Occupied as of December 31, 2024 (1)
Number of Buildings Net Rentable Square Feet
453 Ravendale Drive
Mountain View, CA 100.0 % 1 29,620
690 Folsom Street
San Francisco, CA 100.0 % 1 26,080
201 Carnegie Center
Princeton, NJ 100.0 % - 6,500
Subtotal for Office Properties 87.9 % 146 45,755,552
Life Sciences
180 CityPoint Waltham, MA 43.2 % 1 329,195
200 West Street Waltham, MA 86.1 % 1 273,365
125 Broadway Cambridge, MA 100.0 % 1 271,000
880 Winter Street Waltham, MA 100.0 % 1 243,618
300 Binney Street (55% ownership) Cambridge, MA 93.7 % 1 239,908
751 Gateway (49% ownership) (2) South San Francisco, CA 100.0 % 1 230,592
153 & 211 Second Avenue Waltham, MA 18.5 % 2 137,545
103 CityPoint Waltham, MA - % 1 112,841
33 Hayden Avenue Lexington, MA 100.0 % 1 80,876
250 Binney Street Cambridge, MA 100.0 % 1 67,362
100 Hayden Avenue Lexington, MA 100.0 % 1 55,924
Subtotal for Life Sciences Properties 77.2 % 12 2,042,226
Retail
The Prudential Center (retail shops) Boston, MA 89.5 % 1 601,552
Fountain Square Retail Reston, VA 95.2 % 1 196,421
Kingstowne Retail Alexandria, VA 100.0 % 1 88,288
Santa Monica Business Park Retail Santa Monica, CA 77.2 % 7 73,006
Star Market at the Prudential Center Boston, MA 100.0 % 1 60,015
Avant Retail Reston, VA 100.0 % 1 26,179
The Point Waltham, MA 100.0 % 1 16,300
Subtotal for Retail Properties 91.6 % 13 1,061,761
Residential
Signature at Reston (508 units)
Reston, VA 94.3 % 1 517,783
Skymark - Reston Next Residential(508 units) (20% ownership) (2)
Reston, VA 39.0 % 1 417,036
The Skylyne (402 units) Oakland, CA 90.8 % 1 330,996
Hub50House (440 units) (50% ownership) (2) Boston, MA 94.3 % 1 320,444
Proto Kendall Square (280 units)
Cambridge, MA 94.3 % 1 166,717
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf (86 units)
Boston, MA 98.8 % 1 87,096
Subtotal for Residential Properties
81.2 % (6) 6 1,840,072 (7)
Hotel
Boston Marriott Cambridge (437 rooms)
Cambridge, MA 77.2 % (8) 1 334,260 (9)
Subtotal for Hotel Property 77.2 % 1 334,260
Subtotal for In-Service Properties
87.5 % 178 51,033,871
Properties Location % Occupied as of December 31, 2024 (1)
Number of Buildings Net Rentable Square Feet
Properties Under Construction/Redevelopment (10)
Office
360 Park Avenue South (redevelopment) (71% ownership) (2) New York, NY 23.0 % 1 450,000 (11)
Reston Next Office Phase II Reston, VA 9.0 % 1 90,000 (12)
725 12th Street (redevelopment) Washington, DC 47.0 % 1 320,000 (13)
Laboratory/Life Sciences
651 Gateway (redevelopment) (50% ownership) (2) South San Francisco, CA 21.0 % 1 327,000 (14)
290 Binney Street (55% ownership) Cambridge, MA 100.0 % 1 573,000
Residential
121 Broadway Street (439 units) Cambridge, MA - % 1 492,000
Retail
Reston Next Retail Reston, VA 13.0 % 1 33,000
Subtotal for Properties Under Construction/Redevelopment 50.3 % (15) 7 2,285,000
Total Portfolio 185 53,318,871
_______________
(1)Represents signed leases for in-service properties for which revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).
(2)Property is an unconsolidated joint venture.
(3)Includes 681 Gateway, which is a laboratory/life sciences property.
(4)Property was taken out of service on January 1, 2025.
(5)Property is held for redevelopment.
(6)Percentage occupied is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2024.
(7)Includes 61,511 square feet of retail space that is approximately 79.2% occupied as of December 31, 2024. This amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2024.
(8)Represents the weighted-average room occupancy for the year ended December 31, 2024. This amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2024.
(9)Includes 4,260 square feet of retail space that is 100% occupied as of December 31, 2024. This amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2024.
(10)Represents percentage leased as of February 21, 2025, including leases with future commencement dates.
(11)The property was 30% placed in-service as of December 31, 2024.
(12)The property was 6% placed in-service as of December 31, 2024.
(13)We acquired 725 12th Street, on December 27, 2024 for a purchase price, excluding transaction costs, of $34.0 million. Concurrently with the acquisition, a lease was executed for approximately 152,000 square feet of the redeveloped building.
(14)The property was 27% placed in-service as of December 31, 2024 and fully placed in-service on January 2, 2025.
(15)Total percentage occupied excludes Residential.
Percentage Occupied and Average Annualized Revenue per Square Foot for In-Service Properties
The following table sets forth our percentage occupied and average annualized revenue per square foot on a historical basis for our In-Service Properties.
December 31,
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020
Percentage occupied (1) 87.5 % 88.4 % 88.6 % 88.8 % 90.1 %
Average annualized revenue per square foot (2) $81.21 $78.81 $75.99 $73.76 $72.67
_______________
(1)Represents signed leases, excluding hotel and residential properties, for which revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with GAAP.
(2)Represents the monthly contractual base rents and recoveries from clients under existing leases as of December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020 multiplied by twelve. These annualized amounts are before rent abatements and include expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date. The aggregate amounts of rent abatements per square foot under existing leases as of December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020 for the succeeding twelve-month period were $2.14, $2.47, $1.56, $2.15, and $1.73, respectively.
Top 20 Clients by Square Feet
Our 20 largest clients by square feet as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:
Client Square Feet (1) % of In-Service Portfolio (1)
1. Salesforce 891,231 2.10 %
2. Google 836,110 1.97 %
3. Biogen 780,659 1.84 %
4. Fannie Mae 710,121 1.67 %
5. Akamai Technologies 658,578 1.55 %
6. Snap 607,287 1.43 %
7. Microsoft 599,200 1.41 %
8. Ropes & Gray 539,467 1.27 %
9. Kirkland & Ellis 461,470 1.09 %
10. Integrated Holding Group 408,118 0.96 %
11. Wellington Management 405,225 0.95 %
12. Allen Overy Shearman Sterling 384,813 0.90 %
13. Bain Capital 378,284 0.89 %
14. Marriott 367,787 0.86 %
15. Leidos 352,394 0.83 %
16. Blue Cross Blue Shield 347,618 0.82 %
17. Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer 344,605 0.81 %
18. WeWork 337,457 0.79 %
19. US Government (2) 319,359 0.75 %
20. Mass Financial Services 313,584 0.74 %
__________________
(1)Amounts are calculated based on our consolidated portfolio square feet, plus our share of the square feet from the unconsolidated joint ventures properties (calculated based on our ownership percentage), minus our partners’ share of square feet from our consolidated joint venture properties (calculated based upon the partners’ percentage ownership interests).
(2)Amount includes approximately 261,046 square feet that expired on December 31, 2024.
Client Diversification
Our client diversification by square feet as of December 31, 2024 was as follows:
Sector % of In-Service Portfolio (1)
Technology & Media 21.0%
Legal Services 17.1%
Financial Services - all other 14.4%
Life Sciences 8.9%
Real Estate & Insurance 8.7%
Other Professional Services 7.6%
Retail 6.2%
Financial Services - commercial & investment banking 5.7%
Manufacturing 4.7%
Government / Public Administration 3.0%
Other 2.7%
__________________
(1)Amounts are calculated based on our consolidated portfolio square feet, plus our share of the square feet from the unconsolidated joint ventures properties (calculated based on our ownership percentage), minus our partners’ share of square feet from our consolidated joint venture properties (calculated based upon the partners’ percentage ownership interests).
Lease Expirations (1)(2)
Year of Lease Expiration Rentable Square Feet Subject to Expiring Leases Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases Without Future Step-Ups (3) Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases Without Future Step-Ups p.s.f. (3) Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases With Future Step-Ups (4) Current Annualized Contractual Rent Under Expiring Leases With Future Step-Ups p.s.f. (4) Percentage of Total Square Feet
2024 (5)(6) 390,847 $23,744,643 $60.75 $23,744,643 $60.75 0.80 %
2025 3,008,859 222,083,017 73.81 223,088,525 74.14 6.16 %
2026 1,864,176 162,007,646 86.91 166,250,784 89.18 3.82 %
2027 2,195,858 167,767,975 76.40 171,678,763 78.18 4.49 %
2028 3,570,229 301,652,841 84.49 322,664,501 90.38 7.31 %
2029 3,734,123 286,076,134 76.61 310,701,506 83.21 7.64 %
2030 2,735,795 216,748,858 79.23 236,311,071 86.38 5.60 %
2031 2,233,713 196,900,223 88.15 214,966,960 96.24 4.57 %
2032 2,885,652 221,634,397 76.81 263,763,756 91.41 5.91 %
2033 3,017,337 232,252,971 76.97 275,703,917 91.37 6.18 %
Thereafter 16,801,943 1,444,160,351 85.95 1,726,132,587 102.73 34.39 %
_______________
(1)Includes 100% of unconsolidated joint venture properties. Does not include residential units or the hotel.
(2)Does not include data for leases expiring in a particular year when leases for the same space have already been signed with replacement clients with future commencement dates. In those cases, the data is included in the year in which the future lease with the replacement client expires.
(3)Represents the monthly contractual base rent and recoveries from clients under existing leases as of December 31, 2024 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(4)Represents the monthly contractual base rent under expiring leases with future contractual increases upon expiration and recoveries from clients under existing leases as of December 31, 2024 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(5)Represents leases that expired on December 31, 2024.
(6)Includes 261,046 square feet related to Reston Corporate Center which was taken out of service on January 1, 2025.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Many of these matters are covered by insurance. Management believes that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not Applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
The common stock of BXP, Inc. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BXP.” At February 21, 2025, BXP had approximately 1,009 stockholders of record.
There is no established public trading market for BPLP’s common units. On February 21, 2025, there were approximately 344 holders of record and 176,738,933 common units outstanding, 158,209,602 of which were held by BXP.
To maintain its qualification as a REIT, BXP must make annual distributions to its stockholders of at least 90% of its taxable income (not including net capital gains and with certain other adjustments). BXP has adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly dividends on its common stock, and, as BPLP’s general partner, BXP has adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly distributions on common units of BPLP.
Cash distributions have been paid on the common stock of BXP and BPLP’s common units since BXP’s initial public offering in 1997. Distributions are declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors of BXP and depend on actual and anticipated cash from operations, our financial condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code and other factors the Board of Directors of BXP may consider relevant.
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph provides a comparison of cumulative total stockholder return for the period from December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2024, among BXP, Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index, FTSE Nareit Equity REIT Total Return Index (the “Equity REIT Index”) and the FTSE Nareit Office REIT Index (the “Office REIT Index”). The Equity REIT Index includes all tax-qualified equity REITs listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Stock Market. Equity REITs are defined as those with 75% or more of their gross invested book value of assets invested directly or indirectly in the equity ownership of real estate. The Office REIT Index includes all office REITs included in the Equity REIT Index. Data for BXP, the S&P 500 Index, the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index was provided to us by Nareit. Upon written request, we will provide any stockholder with a list of the REITs included in the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index. The stock performance graph assumes an investment of $100 in each of BXP and the three indices, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The historical information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The data shown is based on the share prices or index values, as applicable, at the end of each month shown.
As of the year ended December 31,
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
BXP, Inc. $ 100.00 $ 71.65 $ 90.43 $ 55.54 $ 61.55 $ 69.01
S&P 500 Index $ 100.00 $ 118.40 $ 152.39 $ 124.79 $ 157.59 $ 197.02
Equity REIT Index $ 100.00 $ 92.00 $ 131.78 $ 99.67 $ 113.35 $ 123.25
Office REIT Index $ 100.00 $ 81.56 $ 99.51 $ 62.07 $ 63.34 $ 76.95
BXP
(a) During the three months ended December 31, 2024, BXP issued an aggregate of 195,132 shares of common stock in exchange for 195,132 common units of limited partnership held by certain limited partners of BPLP. Of these shares, 178,705 shares were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. BXP relied on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) based upon factual representations received from the limited partners who received the common shares.
(b) Not Applicable.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Period (a)
Total Number of Shares of Common Stock
Purchased (b)
Average Price Paid per Common Share (c)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (d)
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs
October 1, 2024 - October 31, 2024 - $ - N/A N/A
November 1, 2024 - November 30, 2024 35 (1) 80.95 N/A N/A
December 1, 2024 - December 31, 2024 - - N/A N/A
Total 35 $ 80.95 N/A N/A
____________________
(1)Represents shares of common stock of BXP surrendered by employees to BXP to satisfy such employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted common stock.
BPLP
(a) None.
(b) Not Applicable.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Period (a)
Total Number of Units
Purchased (b)
Average Price Paid per Unit (c)
Total Number of Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (d)
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Units that May Yet be Purchased
October 1, 2024 - October 31, 2024 - $ - N/A N/A
November 1, 2024 - November 30, 2024 1,568 (1) 0.25 N/A N/A
December 1, 2024 - December 31, 2024 - - N/A N/A
Total 1,568 $ 0.25 N/A N/A
____________________
(1)Represents LTIP units that were repurchased by BPLP in connection with the termination of an employee’s employment with BXP. Under the terms of the applicable LTIP unit vesting agreements, such LTIP units were repurchased at a price $0.25 per unit, which was the amount originally paid by such employee for such units.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Reserved
Not applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.
Forward Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we are including this statement for purposes of complying with those safe harbor provisions, in each case, to the extent applicable. The forward-looking statements are contained principally, but not only, under the captions “Business-Business and Growth Strategies,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” We caution investors that forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs, expectations of future events and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “will” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance or occurrences, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are, in some cases, beyond our control. If one or more of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We caution you that, while forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance or occurrences and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on forward-looking statements, which are based on results, trends and assumptions at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
The most significant factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include the risks and uncertainties related to adverse changes in general economic and capital market conditions, including inflation, increases in interest rates, supply chain disruptions, labor market disruptions, dislocation and volatility in capital markets, and potential longer-term changes in consumer and client behavior, sustained changes in client preferences and space utilization, as well as the other important factors below and the risks set forth in this Form 10-K in Part I, Item 1A.
Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
•volatile or adverse global economic and political conditions, health crises and dislocations in the credit markets could adversely affect economic conditions and/or restrict our access to cost-effective capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business opportunities, results of operations and financial condition;
•general risks affecting the real estate industry (including, without limitation, the inability to enter into or renew leases on attractive terms, changes in client preferences and space utilization, dependence on clients’ financial condition, and competition from other developers, owners and operators of real estate);
•failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets and sub-markets or to integrate acquisitions and developments successfully;
•the ability of our joint venture partners to satisfy their obligations;
•risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction (including, without limitation, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, construction delays, increased construction costs, cost overruns, inability to obtain necessary permits, client accounting considerations that may result in negotiated lease provisions that limit a client’s liability during construction, and public opposition to such activities);
•risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments or refinance existing indebtedness, including the impact of higher interest rates on the cost and/or availability of financing;
•risks associated with forward interest rate contracts and derivatives and the effectiveness of such arrangements;
•risks associated with actual or threatened terrorist attacks;
•costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws;
•potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;
•risks associated with climate change and severe weather events, as well as the regulatory efforts intended to reduce the effects of climate change;
•risks associated with security breaches, incidents, and compromises through cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems, which support our operations and our buildings;
•risks associated with legal proceedings and other claims that could result in substantial monetary damages and other costs;
•risks associated with BXP’s potential failure to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
•possible adverse changes in tax and environmental laws;
•the impact of newly adopted accounting principles on our accounting policies and on period-to-period comparisons of financial results;
•risks associated with possible state and local tax audits; and
•risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.
The risks set forth above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report, including “Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors,” include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not unduly rely on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Investors should also refer to our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for future periods and Current Reports on Form 8-K as we file them with the SEC, and to other materials we may furnish to the public from time to time through Current Reports on Form 8-K or otherwise, for a discussion of risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events, or otherwise, and you should not rely upon these forward-looking statements after the date of this report.
Overview
BXP is one of the largest publicly traded office real estate investment trusts (REITs) (based on total market capitalization as of December 31, 2024) in the United States that develops, owns, and manages primarily premier workplaces. Our properties are concentrated in six dynamic gateway markets in the U.S. - Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC. BPLP is the entity through which BXP conducts substantially all of its business and owns (either directly or through subsidiaries) substantially all of its assets. We generate revenue and cash primarily by leasing premier workplaces to our clients. When making leasing decisions, we consider, among other things, the creditworthiness of the client and the industry in which it conducts business, the length of the lease, the rental rate to be paid at inception and throughout the lease term, the amount of any security deposit or letter of credit posted by the client, the costs of tenant improvement allowances, free rent periods and other landlord concessions, anticipated operating expenses and real estate taxes, the date by which we expect to begin revenue recognition for the lease under GAAP, current and anticipated vacancy in our properties and the market overall (including sublease space), current and expected future demand for the space, the impact of other clients’ expansion rights and general economic factors.
We believe our key competitive advantages are our commitment to the office asset class and to our clients as many competitors have divested in the sector, a strong balance sheet with access to capital in the secured and unsecured debt markets and the private and public equity markets, and one of the highest quality portfolios of
premier workplaces in the U.S. assembled over several decades of intentional development, acquisitions and dispositions. Clients and their advisors are increasingly focused on these attributes for their building owners, which distinguishes BXP among its competitors.
We consider premier workplaces to be well-located buildings that are modern structures or have been modernized to compete with newer buildings, are professionally managed and maintained, and offer a number and type of amenities that are in high demand by clients that are focused on the importance of the physical work environment in recruiting and retaining the best and brightest employees. As such, these properties attract creditworthy clients and command upper-tier rental rates in their markets. We do not consider the expression “premier workplaces” a classification of our properties in accordance with any standard listing criteria in the real estate industry. We therefore caution investors that our use and definition of “premier workplaces” may be different than the use and definition of similar expressions and traditional classifications that may be used by other companies.
Our core strategy has always been to develop, acquire and manage premier workplaces in gateway markets with high barriers-to-entry and attractive demand drivers and to focus on executing long-term leases with financially strong clients that are diverse across market sectors. We believe this strategy provides a competitive advantage that helps BXP distinguish itself from competitors as our clients are interested in leasing space in vibrant, amenitized and accessible premier workplaces to encourage more in-person work. This interest has accelerated the flight to quality in the office industry. Over the past several years, BXP’s experience and performance has diverged from the larger market and media sentiment, as premier workplaces have outperformed the broader office market consistently and substantially in both rental rates achieved and occupancy. We believe this divergence validates our strategy and differentiates BXP from other office companies.
Premier workplaces in our five traditional central business district (“CBD”) markets (Boston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC) have consistently outperformed the broader office market in those CBDs on several key metrics, including occupancy, net absorption levels, rental rates and landlord concessions. This outperformance is evident in BXP’s portfolio where we derive approximately 88% of our share of annualized rental obligations from predominantly premier workplaces located in CBDs. We define annualized rental obligations as the monthly contractual base rent (excluding percentage rent and rent abatements) and budgeted reimbursements from clients under existing leases as of December 31, 2024, multiplied by twelve. Our share of annualized rental obligations is calculated as the consolidated amount, plus our share of the amount from our unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated based on our economic percentage ownership interest), less our partners’ share of the amount from our consolidated joint ventures (calculated based on the partners’ economic percentage ownership interest). As of December 31, 2024, these CBD assets are 90.9% occupied and 92.8% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)).
As of December 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term for (1) our in-place leases, based on square feet, including those signed by our unconsolidated joint ventures but excluding residential units, was approximately 7.8 years, and (2) our 20 largest clients, based on square feet, was approximately 9.4 years.
Outlook
The important market forces impacting BXP continue to be corporate earnings growth, return-to-office behavior, limited new development starts and the outperformance of premier workplaces, all of which are currently serving as tailwinds to BXP’s performance. Interest rates also remain a critical factor but are on a more uncertain trajectory. Inflation rose in the last three months of 2024 to 2.9%, remaining above the Federal Reserve’s 2% target, and the December 2024 employment data indicated new job creation exceeded market expectations. As a result, the Federal Reserve has become more cautious, lowering its forecast of Federal funds rate cuts in 2025. In the fixed income markets, long-term interest rates have increased approximately 100 basis points since the Federal Reserve's first rate cut in September 2024. Notwithstanding these uncertainties, we expect short-term interest rates to remain lower in 2025 compared to 2024, which would be a positive for both BXP and our clients' cost of capital.
Though we are in the early stages of the new presidential administration, we believe many of the initial articulated policies are generally business friendly, particularly lower taxes and less regulation, which could build the confidence of our clients and, as a result, potentially stimulate leasing activities.
An area of concern with the new presidential administration's policies is the potential impact to interest rates, given that new tariffs, if implemented, could be inflationary and tax cuts without corresponding spending cuts could lead to longer fiscal deficits and higher long-term treasury yields in the debt markets.
The evolving operating environment impacts various aspects of our operating activities as:
•labor market conditions shift, which has gradually increased employer demand for mandatory in-person workdays;
•private market debt financing, both for construction and existing assets, continues to be challenging to arrange despite broader market improvements as lenders remain focused on top-tier sponsorship and derisked financing opportunities; and
•construction costs have increased and, although much of the cost for our active development pipeline is fixed, the cost of potential future construction activity continues to increase.
In light of the uncertain trajectory of the U.S. and global economies, we continue to position BXP for success by ensuring ample liquidity, managing our leverage, pursuing additional capital raising opportunities and maintaining discipline in discretionary capital expenditures, while continuing to selectively invest (including through both acquisitions and developments) in premier workplace opportunities. We remain focused on:
•continuing to embrace our leadership position in the premier workplace segment and leveraging our strength in portfolio quality, client relationships, development skills, market penetration and sustainability to profitably build market share;
•leasing available space in our in-service and development properties, as well as proactively focusing on future lease expirations;
•completing the construction and leasing of our development properties;
•pursuing attractive asset class adjacencies where we have a track record of success, such as residential development;
•continuing to enhance the overall quality of our portfolio and actively recycling capital by selling assets, subject to market conditions, that we believe no longer fit within our portfolio strategy or could attract premium pricing in the current market;
•actively managing our operations in a sustainable and responsible manner; and
•prioritizing risk management by actively managing liquidity, investing more extensively with joint venture partners to manage our debt levels, and being highly selective in new investment commitments.
The following is an overview of leasing and investment activity in the fourth quarter of 2024 and recent business highlights.
Leasing Activity and Occupancy
To be successful in any leasing environment, we believe we must consider all aspects of the client-landlord relationship. In this regard, we believe that our competitive leasing advantage is based on the following attributes:
•our understanding of our client’s short- and long-term space utilization and amenity needs in the local markets;
•our track record of developing and operating premier workplaces in a sustainable and responsible manner;
•our reputation as a high-quality developer, owner and manager of premier workplaces in our markets;
•our financial strength, including our ability to fund our share of lease obligations and maintain premier building standards; and
•our relationships with local brokers.
Overall, we believe that our operating environment is improving. Although all the markets in which we operate still need consistent incremental absorption to constitute a macro recovery, we have started to see pockets of strength where low availability is driving constructive client behavior, particularly in New York and Boston which accounts for 61% of our share of annualized rental obligations. As clients choose premier workplaces in sound financial condition, with building owners that are committed for the long term to their properties operated by the best property management teams, we expect to continue to be successful in gaining market share.
In the fourth quarter of 2024, we executed 83 leases totaling more than 2.3 million square feet with a weighted-average lease term of approximately 10.3 years. This result represents BXP’s strongest leasing quarter since the second quarter of 2019, and the amount leased is approximately 130% of our historical 10-year average for the
fourth quarter. For full year 2024, we executed 291 leases totaling approximately 5.6 million square feet with a weighted-average lease term of 9.8 years.
At December 31, 2024, BXP’s CBD portfolio was 90.9% occupied and 92.8% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP). Approximately 88% of our share of annualized rental obligations comes from assets located in our CBD portfolio, underscoring the strength of BXP’s strategy to invest in the highest quality buildings in dynamic urban gateway markets.
At December 31, 2024, the overall occupancy of our in-service office and retail properties was 87.5%, an increase of 50 basis points from September 30, 2024. We define occupancy as space with signed leases for which revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with GAAP. Including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced revenue recognition in accordance with GAAP, our in-service office and retail properties were approximately 89.4% leased at December 31, 2024.
Investment Activity
We remain in active pursuit of opportunities in our core markets and asset types with primarily two types of counterparties: lenders to highly leveraged assets that require recapitalization and institutional owners seeking to divest from the office asset class. To date, there has been limited market transaction activity for higher-quality office assets, though owners are increasingly testing the market to understand pricing.
We continually evaluate current and prospective markets for possible acquisitions of “value-add” assets that require lease-up or repositioning, and acquisitions that are otherwise consistent with our long-term strategy of owning, managing, developing, and improving premier workplaces in each of our chosen markets. Additional new acquisition opportunities will likely increase in this environment, and we remain committed to developing and acquiring assets to enhance our long-term growth and to meet client demand by focusing on premier workplaces.
Consistent with this strategy, on December 27, 2024, we completed the acquisition of 725 12th Street, an approximately 300,000 square foot, 12-story property in Washington, DC, for a purchase price, excluding transaction costs, of $34.0 million. We will be redeveloping the property into an approximately 320,000 square foot premier workplace. In conjunction with the closing, we signed a lease agreement with global law firm, McDermott Will & Emery LLP, covering approximately 152,000 square feet in the top five floors of the “to-be-constructed” premier workplace. We are currently negotiating with a client for the majority of the remaining space, although there is no guarantee we will lease such space on the terms contemplated or at all. Ideally located in the CBD of Washington, DC, the property sits three blocks from the White House and steps from Metro Center Station, the transportation hub for the City’s Metrorail service, where the Red, Orange, Blue, and Silver lines converge.
As of December 31, 2024, our development/redevelopment pipeline consisted of seven properties that, when completed, we expect will total approximately 2.3 million net rentable square feet. Our share of the estimated total cost for these projects is approximately $2.3 billion, of which approximately $1.3 billion remains to be invested. The commercial space in the pipeline, which excludes the residential project, was 50% pre-leased as of February 21, 2025.
In the fourth quarter of 2024, we completed and fully placed in-service 300 Binney Street, an approximately 240,000 square foot laboratory/life sciences project located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in which BXP has a 55% ownership interest. This project is 100% leased to the Broad Institute.
As we continue to focus on new investments to drive future growth, we regularly review our portfolio to identify properties as potential sales candidates that either no longer fit within our portfolio strategy or could attract premium pricing in the current market. In addition, the BXP regional teams are pursuing alternative uses for some of our suburban land holdings, which includes vacant office buildings for which the highest and best use may not be office.
We are currently in active negotiations for the disposition of three land sites and we expect to put an operating property into the market for sale in 2025. If successful, these sales in aggregate could generate approximately $200.0 million of net proceeds in 2025, although it is possible that one of the land sales does not close until 2026. However, there can be no assurance that we will complete any of these transactions on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all.
A brief overview of each of our markets follows.
Boston
During the fourth quarter of 2024, we executed approximately 682,000 square feet of leases and approximately 430,000 square feet of leases commenced in the Boston region. Approximately 146,000 square feet of the leases that commenced had been vacant for less than one year and represent a decrease in net rental obligations of approximately 0.3% over the prior leases.
As of December 31, 2024, our approximately 8.4 million square foot Boston CBD in-service portfolio was approximately 95.6% occupied and approximately 97.5% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
Our approximately 2.7 million square foot in-service CBD portfolio in Cambridge was approximately 96.6% occupied and 97.6% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP) as of December 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2024, our approximately 4.8 millions square foot Route 128-Mass Turnpike in-service portfolio was approximately 75.6% occupied and approximately 77.7% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
Los Angeles
Our Los Angeles (“LA”) in-service portfolio of approximately 2.3 million square feet is currently focused in West LA and includes Colorado Center, an approximately 1.1 million square foot property of which we own 50%, and Santa Monica Business Park, a 21-building, approximately 1.2 million square foot property. As of December 31, 2024, our LA in-service properties were approximately 84.9% occupied and 87.4% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
New York
During the fourth quarter of 2024, we executed approximately 574,000 square feet of leases in the New York region and approximately 575,000 square feet of leases commenced. Approximately 199,000 square feet of the leases that commenced had been vacant for less than one year, and they represent a decrease in net rental obligations of approximately 5.9% over the prior leases.
As of December 31, 2024, our New York CBD in-service portfolio was approximately 90.8% occupied and approximately 93.6% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
San Francisco
During the fourth quarter of 2024, we executed leases for approximately 383,000 square feet and approximately 106,000 square feet commenced in the San Francisco region. Approximately 56,000 square feet of leases that commenced had been vacant for less than one year and represent an increase in net rental obligations of approximately 13.2% over the prior leases.
As of December 31, 2024, our San Francisco CBD in-service properties were approximately 84.3% occupied and approximately 85.2% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
Seattle
Our Seattle in-service portfolio includes Safeco Plaza, an approximately 762,000 square foot property of which we own 33.67%, and Madison Centre, an approximately 755,000 square foot property. As of December 31, 2024, these in-service properties were approximately 81.6% occupied and approximately 83.5% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
Washington, DC
During the fourth quarter of 2024, we executed leases for approximately 494,000 square feet and leases for approximately 140,000 square feet commenced in the Washington, DC region. Leases for approximately 64,000 square feet that commenced had been vacant for less than one year and represent a decrease in net rental obligations of approximately 11.6% over the prior leases.
As of December 31, 2024, our Washington, DC CBD in-service properties were approximately 89.2% occupied and approximately 90.7% leased (including vacant space for which we have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
A significant component of our Washington, DC regional portfolio is in Reston Town Center, an award-winning mixed-use development in Northern Virginia. Reston is a hub for technology, cloud services, cybersecurity and defense intelligence companies. As of December 31, 2024, our approximately 4.9 million square foot Reston CBD portfolio was approximately 94.9% occupied and approximately 96.9% leased (including vacant space for which have signed leases that have not yet commenced in accordance with GAAP).
In regard to the new presidential administration’s efficiency initiatives, if the federal workforce returns to their offices, their return should be a significant positive for our business in the Washington, DC region. More street life would be a positive for the urban environment, hopefully triggering government contractor clients to return to their offices in line with government clients. In addition, if the General Services Administration (“GSA”) reduces space requirements, we do not expect to be directly or materially impacted by this reduction as we have limited exposure to GSA leases.
Leasing Statistics
The table below details our vacancy and the leasing activity, including 100% of the unconsolidated joint ventures, that commenced revenue recognition during the year ended December 31, 2024:
Year ended December 31, 2024
(Square Feet)
Vacant space available at the beginning of the period 5,696,007
Vacant space from property dispositions/properties taken out of service (1) (580,232)
Vacant space from properties placed (and partially placed) in-service (2) 831,121
Leases expiring or terminated during the period 4,952,232
Total space available for lease 10,899,128
1st generation leases
754,932
2nd generation leases with new clients
1,965,698
2nd generation lease renewals
2,056,424
Total space leased (3) 4,777,054
Vacant space available for lease at the end of the period 6,122,074
Leases executed during the period (4) 5,648,615
Second generation leasing information: (5)
Leases commencing during the period, in square feet 4,022,122
Weighted Average Lease Term 89 Months
Weighted Average Free Rent Period 140 Days
Total Transaction Costs Per Square Foot (6) $79.32
Increase in Gross Rents (7) 1.38 %
Increase in Net Rents (8) 1.79 %
__________________
(1)Total square feet from properties taken out of service during the year ended December 31, 2024 consists of 205,355 square feet at 1100 Winter Street, 162,274 square feet at 1050 Winter Street, 111,183 square feet at Kingstowne One, 71,420 square feet at 15825 Shady Grove Road and 30,000 square feet at 17 Hartwell Avenue.
(2)Total square feet from properties placed (and partially placed) in-service during the year ended December 31, 2024 consists of 239,908 square feet at 300 Binney Street, 187,048 square feet at 180 CityPoint, 117,907 square feet at 760 Boylston Street, 112,841 square feet at 103 CityPoint, 102,542 square feet at 360 Park Avenue South, 67,017 square feet at 651 Gateway and 3,858 square feet at Reston Next Office Phase II.
(3)Represents leases for which lease revenue recognition has commenced in accordance with GAAP during the year ended December 31, 2024.
(4)Represents leases executed during the year ended December 31, 2024 for which we either (1) commenced lease revenue recognition in such period or (2) will commence lease revenue recognition in subsequent periods, in accordance with GAAP, and includes leases at properties currently under development. The total square feet of leases executed and recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024 is 943,147 square feet.
(5)Second generation leases are defined as leases for space that we have previously leased. Of the 4,022,122 square feet of second generation leases that commenced during the year ended December 31, 2024, leases for 3,105,337 square feet were signed in prior periods.
(6)Total transaction costs include tenant improvements and leasing commissions but exclude free rent concessions and other inducements in accordance with GAAP.
(7)Represents the increase in gross rent (base rent plus expense reimbursements) on the new versus expired leases on the 2,820,354 square feet of second generation leases that had been occupied within the prior 12 months for the year ended December 31, 2024; excludes leases that management considers temporary because the client is not expected to occupy the space on a long-term basis.
(8)Represents the increase in net rent (gross rent less operating expenses) on the new versus expired leases on the 2,820,354 square feet of second generation leases that had been occupied within the prior 12 months for the year ended December 31, 2024.
For descriptions of significant transactions that we completed during 2024, see “Item 1. Business-Transactions During 2024.”
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. From time to time, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. Our significant accounting policies, which utilize these critical accounting estimates, are described in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
We consider our critical accounting estimates to be those used in the determination of the reported amounts and disclosure related to the following:
•Purchase price allocations,
•Impairment and
•Impairment related to unconsolidated joint ventures.
Each of the above critical accounting estimates is described in more detail below.
Real Estate
Purchase Price Allocations
We assess the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, leasing and assumed financing origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities (including ground leases)) and allocate the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land and buildings as if vacant. We assess fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates that we deem appropriate, as well as available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. We also consider an allocation of purchase price of other acquired intangibles, including acquired in-place leases that may have a customer relationship intangible value, including (but not limited to) the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the clients, the clients’ credit quality and expectations of lease renewals. Based on our acquisitions to date, our allocation to customer relationship intangible assets has been immaterial.
We record acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. Acquired “above-” and “below-market” lease values have been reflected within Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets and Other Liabilities, respectively, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each client’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we completed two acquisitions in Washington, DC consisting of (1) 725 12th Street for a purchase price, excluding transaction costs, of $34.0 million and (2) our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture entity that owned 901 New York Avenue. At acquisition, the total net equity acquired for 901 New York Avenue was $20.0 million, which includes $10.0 million in cash that we paid for the joint venture partner's 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture. These transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions, and the purchase price was allocated based on the relative fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Impairment
Management reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in the operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding anticipated hold periods, future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates. Any or all of such assumptions could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Because cash flows on properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset may be impaired, our established strategy of holding properties over the long term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If our hold strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate a shorter hold period, an impairment loss may be recognized and such loss could be material. If we determine that an impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value. At March 31, 2024, we evaluated the expected hold period for a portion of our Shady Grove property, consisting of 2 Choke Cherry Road, 2094 Gaither Road and a land parcel, located in Rockville, Maryland. Based on a shorter-than-expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of a portion of the property that we anticipate selling to a third-party developer to its estimated fair value at March 31, 2024. As a result, each of BXP and BPLP recognized an impairment loss of approximately $13.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Impairment
Our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are reviewed for indicators of impairment on a quarterly basis and we record impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. This evaluation of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. We will record an impairment charge if we determine that a decline in the fair value below the carrying amount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value is calculated using discounted cash flows which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding
future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, debt interest rates and availability, discount rates and capitalization rates that could differ materially from actual results in future periods.
As of December 31, 2024, the net carrying amounts of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures was approximately $1.1 billion, which includes investments with deficit balances aggregating approximately $33.5 million included within Other Liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investments in Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza of approximately $168.4 million, $126.1 million and $46.8 million, respectively (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Income Taxes
Our accounting policies related to income tax are described in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
BXP
The net difference between the tax basis and the reported amounts of BXP’s assets and liabilities was approximately $1.6 billion and $2.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was primarily related to the difference in basis of contributed property and accrued rental income.
Certain entities included in BXP’s Consolidated Financial Statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table reconciles GAAP net income attributable to BXP, Inc. to taxable income:
For the year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 $ 190,215 $ 848,947
Straight-line rent and net “above-” and “below-market” rent adjustments (81,883) (97,163) (88,487)
Book/Tax differences from depreciation and amortization 183,353 208,872 172,558
Book/Tax differences from interest expense 16,321 125 -
Book/Tax differences on gains/(losses) from capital transactions 302,062 359,063 (273,345)
Book/Tax differences from stock-based compensation 44,480 51,511 42,510
Tangible Property Regulations (43,549) (165,033) (112,355)
Other book/tax differences, net 89,834 84,985 51,490
Taxable income $ 524,890 $ 632,575 $ 641,318
BPLP
The net difference between the tax basis and the reported amounts of BPLP’s assets and liabilities was approximately $2.7 billion and $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was primarily related to the difference in basis of contributed property and accrued rental income.
Certain entities included in BPLP’s Consolidated Financial Statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table reconciles GAAP net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership to taxable income:
For the year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership
$ 23,480 $ 219,771 $ 957,265
Straight-line rent and net “above-” and “below-market” rent adjustments
(91,593) (108,679) (98,770)
Book/Tax differences from depreciation and amortization 193,493 216,434 173,272
Book/Tax differences from interest expense 18,256 140 -
Book/Tax differences on gains/(losses) from capital transactions 337,792 406,738 (289,174)
Book/Tax differences from stock-based compensation 49,755 57,617 47,450
Tangible Property Regulations (48,713) (184,593) (125,411)
Other book/tax differences, net 98,403 92,866 48,982
Taxable income $ 580,873 $ 700,294 $ 713,614
Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2024 and 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023. Discussions of 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024.
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership decreased by approximately $175.9 million and $196.3 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as set forth in the following tables and for the reasons discussed below under the heading “Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2024 to the year ended December 31, 2023” within “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
The following are reconciliations of Net Income Attributable to BXP, Inc. to Net Operating Income and Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership to Net Operating Income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. For a detailed discussion of Net Operating Income (“NOI”), including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 65.
BXP
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 Increase/
(Decrease) %
Change
(in thousands)
Net Income Attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 $ 190,215 $ (175,943) (92.50) %
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership
2,400 22,548 (20,148) (89.36) %
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships
67,516 78,661 (11,145) (14.17) %
Net Income 84,188 291,424 (207,236) (71.11) %
Other Expenses:
Add:
Interest expense
645,117 579,572 65,545 11.31 %
Impairment loss
13,615 - 13,615 100.00 %
Losses from interest rate contracts - 79 (79) (100.00) %
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures 343,177 239,543 103,634 43.26 %
Other Income:
Less:
Unrealized gain on non-real estate investments 546 239 307 128.45 %
Gains from investments in securities 4,416 5,556 (1,140) (20.52) %
Interest and other income (loss) 60,199 69,964 (9,765) (13.96) %
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 85 16.44 %
Other Expenses:
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense 887,191 830,813 56,378 6.79 %
Transaction costs
1,597 4,313 (2,716) (62.97) %
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 (1,283) (7.22) %
General and administrative expense
159,983 170,158 (10,175) (5.98) %
Other Revenue:
Less:
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 (1,283) (7.22) %
Development and management services revenue
28,060 40,850 (12,790) (31.31) %
Net Operating Income $ 2,041,045 $ 1,998,776 $ 42,269 2.11 %
BPLP
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 Increase/
(Decrease) %
Change
(in thousands)
Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 23,480 $ 219,771 $ (196,291) (89.32) %
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships
67,516 78,661 (11,145) (14.17) %
Net Income 90,996 298,432 (207,436) (69.51) %
Other Expenses:
Add:
Interest expense
645,117 579,572 65,545 11.31 %
Impairment loss
13,615 - 13,615 100.00 %
Losses from interest rate contracts - 79 (79) (100.00) %
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures 343,177 239,543 103,634 43.26 %
Other Income:
Less:
Unrealized gain on non-real estate investments 546 239 307 128.45 %
Gains from investments in securities 4,416 5,556 (1,140) (20.52) %
Interest and other income (loss) 60,199 69,964 (9,765) (13.96) %
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 85 16.44 %
Other Expenses:
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense 880,383 823,805 56,578 6.87 %
Transaction costs
1,597 4,313 (2,716) (62.97) %
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 (1,283) (7.22) %
General and administrative expense
159,983 170,158 (10,175) (5.98) %
Other Revenue:
Less:
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 (1,283) (7.22) %
Development and management services revenue
28,060 40,850 (12,790) (31.31) %
Net Operating Income $ 2,041,045 $ 1,998,776 $ 42,269 2.11 %
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we owned or had joint venture interests in a portfolio of 185 and 188 commercial real estate properties, respectively (in each case, the “Total Property Portfolio”). As a result of changes within our Total Property Portfolio, the financial data presented below shows significant changes in revenue and expenses from period-to-period. Accordingly, we do not believe that our period-to-period financial data with respect to the Total Property Portfolio provides a complete understanding of our operating results. Therefore, the comparison of operating results for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 show separately the changes attributable to the properties that were owned by us and in-service throughout each period compared (the “Same Property Portfolio”) and the changes attributable to the properties included in the Acquired, Placed In-Service, In or Held for Development or Redevelopment or Sold Portfolios.
In our analysis of operating results, particularly to make comparisons of NOI between periods more meaningful, it is important to provide information for properties that were in-service and owned by us throughout each period presented. We refer to properties acquired or placed in-service prior to the beginning of the earliest period presented and owned by us and in-service through the end of the latest period presented as our Same Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio therefore excludes properties acquired, placed in-service or in or held for development or redevelopment after the beginning of the earliest period presented or disposed of prior to the end of the latest period presented.
NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership, as applicable, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, plus (1) net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, interest expense, impairment loss, losses from interest rate contracts, loss from unconsolidated joint ventures, depreciation and amortization expense, transaction costs, payroll and related costs from management services contracts and corporate general and administrative expense less (2) unrealized gain on non-real estate investments, gains from investments in securities, interest and other income (loss), gains on sales of real estate, direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts and development and management services revenue. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe it provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and financial condition because, when compared across periods, it reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition and development activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. Similarly, interest expense may be incurred at the property level even though the financing proceeds may be used at the corporate level (e.g., used for other investment activity). In addition, depreciation and amortization expense, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance measures at the property level. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs or real estate companies that define NOI differently.
We believe that in order to understand our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements. NOI should not be considered as a substitute for net income attributable to BXP, Inc. or net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership (determined in accordance with GAAP) or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Depreciation expense may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor redemptions of common units of limited partnership interest of BPLP (“OP Units”). This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties. The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense when those properties are sold. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that immediately follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2024 to the year ended December 31, 2023
The table below shows selected operating information for the Same Property Portfolio and the Total Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio consists of 127 properties totaling approximately 40.3 million net rentable square feet, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures. The Same Property Portfolio includes properties acquired or placed in-service on or prior to January 1, 2023 and owned and in service through December 31, 2024. The Total Property Portfolio includes the effects of the other properties either acquired, placed in-service, in or held for development or redevelopment after January 1, 2023 or disposed of on or prior to December 31, 2024. This table includes a reconciliation from the Same Property Portfolio to the Total Property Portfolio by also providing information for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 with respect to the properties that were acquired, placed in-service, in or held for development or redevelopment or sold. We did not sell any properties during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Same Property Portfolio Properties Acquired Portfolio Properties
Placed In-Service
Portfolio Properties in or Held for Development or Redevelopment Portfolio Total Property Portfolio
2024 2023 Increase/
(Decrease) %
Change 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 Increase/
(Decrease) %
Change
(dollars in thousands)
Rental Revenue: (1)
Lease Revenue (Excluding Termination Income)
$ 2,934,261 $ 2,955,816 $ (21,555) (0.73) % $ 100,007 $ 3,603 $ 71,302 $ 24,442 $ 7,540 $ 11,906 $ 3,113,110 $ 2,995,767 $ 117,343 3.92 %
Termination Income
9,275 13,082 (3,807) (29.10) % 189 - - - 6,409 - 15,873 13,082 2,791 21.33 %
Lease Revenue
2,943,536 2,968,898 (25,362) (0.85) % 100,196 3,603 71,302 24,442 13,949 11,906 3,128,983 3,008,849 120,134 3.99 %
Parking and Other
123,271 109,660 13,611 12.41 % 8,252 287 1,815 1,201 118 2 133,456 111,150 22,306 20.07 %
Total Rental Revenue (1) 3,066,807 3,078,558 (11,751) (0.38) % 108,448 3,890 73,117 25,643 14,067 11,908 3,262,439 3,119,999 142,440 4.57 %
Real Estate Operating Expenses 1,190,288 1,134,568 55,720 4.91 % 39,885 1,431 22,744 10,802 10,449 13,896 1,263,366 1,160,697 102,669 8.85 %
Net Operating Income (Loss), Excluding Residential and Hotel 1,876,519 1,943,990 (67,471) (3.47) % 68,563 2,459 50,373 14,841 3,618 (1,988) 1,999,073 1,959,302 39,771 2.03 %
Residential Net Operating Income (2) 26,036 24,342 1,694 6.96 % - - - - - - 26,036 24,342 1,694 6.96 %
Hotel Net Operating Income (2) 15,936 15,132 804 5.31 % - - - - - - 15,936 15,132 804 5.31 %
Net Operating Income (Loss) $ 1,918,491 $ 1,983,464 $ (64,973) (3.28) % $ 68,563 $ 2,459 $ 50,373 $ 14,841 $ 3,618 $ (1,988) $ 2,041,045 $ 1,998,776 $ 42,269 2.11 %
_______________
(1)Rental Revenue is equal to Revenue less Development and Management Services Revenue and Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs from Management Services Revenue per the Consolidated Statements of Operations, excluding the residential and hotel revenue that is noted below. We use Rental Revenue internally as a performance measure and in calculating other non-GAAP financial measures (e.g., NOI), which provides investors with information regarding our performance that is not immediately apparent from the comparable non-GAAP measures and allows investors to compare operating performance between periods.
(2)For a detailed discussion of NOI, including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 65. Residential Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is comprised of Residential Revenue of $49,508 and $47,592 less Residential Expenses of $23,472 and $23,250, respectively. Hotel Net Operating Income for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is comprised of Hotel Revenue of $51,224 and $47,357 less Hotel Expenses of $35,288 and $32,225, respectively, per the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Same Property Portfolio
Lease Revenue (Excluding Termination Income)
Lease revenue (excluding termination income) from the Same Property Portfolio decreased by approximately $21.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. The decrease was a result of our average occupancy decreasing from 90.8% to 88.9%, resulting in a decrease of approximately $60.6 million, partially offset by revenue per square foot increasing by approximately $1.14, contributing approximately $39.0 million.
Termination Income
Termination income decreased by approximately $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023.
Termination income for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to 30 clients across the Same Property Portfolio and totaled approximately $9.3 million, with the largest contribution related to a retail client that terminated its lease early in Boston.
Termination income for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to 28 clients across the Same Property Portfolio and totaled approximately $13.1 million, which was primarily related to clients that terminated leases early in Seattle.
Parking and Other Revenue
Parking and other revenue increased by approximately $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. Parking and other revenue increased by approximately $1.8 million and $11.8 million, respectively. The increase in other revenue was primarily related to the View Boston observatory.
Real Estate Operating Expenses
Real estate operating expenses from the Same Property Portfolio increased by approximately $55.7 million, or 4.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, due primarily to increases in (1) repairs and maintenance of approximately $18.3 million, or 9.9%, (2) utilities of approximately $11.0 million, or 9.8%, and (3) other real estate operating expenses of approximately $16.0 million, or 1.9%. The increase in repairs and maintenance related primarily to properties in our Boston region. The increase in utilities related primarily to properties in our New York region. In addition, approximately $10.4 million of the increase related to marketing and operating expenses associated with the View Boston observatory.
Properties Acquired Portfolio
The table below lists the properties acquired between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses increased by approximately $104.6 million and $38.5 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as detailed below.
Square Feet Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name Date acquired 2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change
(dollars in thousands)
Santa Monica Business Park (1) December 14, 2023 1,177,973 $ 75,353 $ 3,890 $ 71,463 $ 27,545 $ 1,431 $ 26,114
901 New York Avenue January 8, 2024 508,130 33,095 - 33,095 12,340 - 12,340
1,686,103 $ 108,448 $ 3,890 $ 104,558 $ 39,885 $ 1,431 $ 38,454
______________
(1)Rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 includes approximately $0.2 million of termination income.
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio
The table below lists the properties that were placed in-service or partially placed in-service between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024. Rental revenue and real estate operating expenses from our Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio increased by approximately $47.5 million and $11.9 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as detailed below.
Quarter Initially Placed In-Service Quarter Fully Placed In-Service Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name Square Feet 2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change
(dollars in thousands)
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue Second Quarter, 2022 Second Quarter, 2023 475,849 $ 36,677 $ 21,893 $ 14,784 $ 11,570 $ 9,536 $ 2,034
140 Kendrick Street - Building A Third Quarter, 2023 Third Quarter, 2023 104,166 7,664 3,338 4,326 2,412 943 1,469
180 CityPoint Third Quarter, 2023 Third Quarter, 2024 329,195 14,558 1,312 13,246 5,996 136 5,860
103 CityPoint Fourth Quarter, 2023 Fourth Quarter, 2024 112,841 3 - 3 871 70 801
760 Boylston Street Second Quarter, 2024 Second Quarter, 2024 118,000 6,991 - 6,991 786 - 786
Reston Next Office Phase II Third Quarter, 2024 N/A 90,000 12 - 12 57 - 57
300 Binney Street Fourth Quarter, 2024 Fourth Quarter, 2024 239,908 7,212 (900) 8,112 1,052 117 935
1,469,959 $ 73,117 $ 25,643 $ 47,474 $ 22,744 $ 10,802 $ 11,942
Properties in or Held for Development or Redevelopment Portfolio
The table below lists the properties that were in or held for development or redevelopment between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024. Rental revenue from our Properties in or Held for Development or Redevelopment Portfolio increased by approximately $2.2 million and real estate operating expenses decreased by approximately $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as detailed below.
Date Commenced Held for Development / Redevelopment Rental Revenue Real Estate Operating Expenses
Name Square Feet 2024 2023 Change 2024 2023 Change
(dollars in thousands)
105 Carnegie Center (1) November 30, 2022 73,000 $ - $ - $ - $ 548 $ 54 $ 494
Kendall Center Blue Parking Garage (2) January 4, 2023 N/A 8 25 (17) (72) 2,378 (2,450)
Shady Grove Innovation District (3) March 31, 2023 184,000 102 2,061 (1,959) 886 1,482 (596)
Lexington Office Park (3) March 31, 2023 167,000 967 1,486 (519) 1,681 2,067 (386)
171 Dartmouth Street March 28, 2024 N/A - - - 261 - 261
1050 and 1100 Winter Street (3) (4) March 31, 2024 455,000 10,372 4,313 6,059 5,369 5,974 (605)
17 Hartwell Avenue (3) June 30, 2024 30,000 608 1,892 (1,284) 452 518 (66)
Kingstowne One (3) September 30, 2024 154,000 2,010 2,131 (121) 1,324 1,423 (99)
1,063,000 $ 14,067 $ 11,908 $ 2,159 $ 10,449 $ 13,896 $ (3,447)
_____________
(1)On November 30, 2023, we elected to suspend redevelopment. Although no longer in redevelopment, this property is not considered “in-service” as we are not actively leasing this property in anticipation of restarting redevelopment in the future.
(2)The Kendall Center Blue Parking Garage was taken out of service on January 4, 2023 and then demolished to support the development of 290 Binney Street. Real estate operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 included approximately $2.4 million of demolition costs.
(3)Lexington Office Park, 1050 and 1100 Winter Street, 17 Hartwell Avenue, Kingstowne One and a portion of Shady Grove Innovation District are no longer considered “in-service” because each property’s occupied percentage is less than 50% and we are no longer actively leasing the properties in anticipation of a future development/redevelopment. The properties will be considered held for development or redevelopment until the last client has vacated the property and the
property is no longer revenue producing. Shady Grove Innovation District is comprised of three buildings, 2092 and 2098 Gaither Road and 15825 Shady Grove Road that were taken out of service between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024.
(4)1100 Winter Street was taken out of service as of September 30, 2024. Rental revenue at 1100 Winter Street for the year ended December 31, 2024 included approximately $6.4 million of termination income.
Residential Net Operating Income
Net operating income for our residential same properties increased by approximately $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for our residential same properties for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Average Monthly Rental Rate (1) Average Rental Rate Per Occupied Square Foot Average Physical Occupancy (2) Average Economic Occupancy (3)
Name 2024 2023 Change (%) 2024 2023 Change (%) 2024 2023 Change (%) 2024 2023 Change (%)
Proto Kendall Square $ 3,209 $ 3,076 4.3 % $ 5.90 $ 5.65 4.4 % 94.9 % 95.5 % (0.6) % 94.8 % 95.1 % (0.3) %
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf $ 4,420 $ 4,432 (0.3) % $ 4.94 $ 4.91 0.6 % 95.6 % 95.6 % - % 94.5 % 95.6 % (1.2) %
Signature at Reston $ 2,841 $ 2,698 5.3 % $ 2.92 $ 2.79 4.7 % 95.6 % 94.9 % 0.7 % 95.6 % 94.3 % 1.4 %
The Skylyne $ 3,387 $ 3,480 (2.7) % $ 4.28 $ 4.42 (3.2) % 89.0 % 91.1 % (2.3) % 87.1 % 89.1 % (2.2) %
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(1)Average Monthly Rental Rate is calculated as the average of the quotients obtained by dividing (A) rental revenue as determined in accordance with GAAP, by (B) the number of occupied units for each month within the applicable fiscal period.
(2)Average Physical Occupancy is defined as (1) the average number of occupied units divided by (2) the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
(3)Average Economic Occupancy is defined as (1) total possible revenue less vacancy loss divided by (2) total possible revenue, expressed as a percentage. Total possible revenue is determined by valuing average occupied units at contract rates and average vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant units at their Market Rents, Average Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that units of different sizes and locations within a residential property have different economic impacts on a residential property’s total possible gross revenue. Market Rents used by us in calculating Economic Occupancy are based on the current market rates set by the managers of our residential properties based on their experience in renting their residential property’s units and publicly available market data. Actual market rents and trends in such rents for a region as reported by others may vary materially from Market Rents used by us. Market Rents for a period are based on the average Market Rents during that period and do not reflect any impact for cash concessions.
Hotel Net Operating Income
The Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel had net operating income of approximately $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing an increase of approximately $0.8 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for the Boston Marriott Cambridge hotel for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
2024 2023 Change (%)
Occupancy 77.2 % 72.8 % 6.0 %
Average daily rate $ 331.41 $ 326.18 1.6 %
REVPAR $ 255.73 $ 237.44 7.7 %
Other Operating Revenue and Expense Items
Development and Management Services Revenue
Development and management services revenue decreased by approximately $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. Development services revenue and management services revenue decreased by approximately $6.1 million and $6.7 million, respectively. The decrease in development services
revenue is primarily related to decreases in fees associated with tenant improvement projects in New York City and decreases in development income earned from unconsolidated joint ventures in the San Francisco and Washington DC regions. The decrease in management services revenue primarily related to the elimination of property and asset management fees earned from an unconsolidated joint venture in the Los Angeles region in which we acquired the joint venture partner’s interest in December 2023.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense decreased by approximately $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to decreases in compensation expense and other general and administrative expenses of approximately $10.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The decrease in compensation expense related to an approximately $8.9 million decrease in other compensation expenses and approximately $1.2 million decrease in the value of our deferred compensation plan.
Wages directly related to the development of rental properties are capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the applicable asset or lease term. Capitalized wages for each of the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were approximately $17.2 million and $16.1 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the general and administrative expenses discussed above.
Transaction Costs
Transaction costs decreased by approximately $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. In general, transaction costs relate to the formation of new joint ventures and the pursuit of other transactions are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation expense may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP. This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties. The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in depreciation expense. For additional information see the Explanatory Note that immediately follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
BXP
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $56.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as detailed below.
Portfolio Depreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio $ 800,814 $ 797,908 $ 2,906
Properties Acquired Portfolio 55,236 2,112 53,124
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio 25,657 24,333 1,324
Properties in or Held for Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1) 5,484 6,460 (976)
$ 887,191 $ 830,813 $ 56,378
_____________
(1)During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Kendall Center Blue Parking Garage was taken out of service and demolished to support the development of 290 Binney Street, an approximately 573,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded approximately $0.8 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the demolition of the garage, of which approximately $0.2 million related to the step-up of real estate assets.
BPLP
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $56.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as detailed below.
Portfolio Depreciation and Amortization for the year ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change
(in thousands)
Same Property Portfolio $ 794,006 $ 791,080 $ 2,926
Properties Acquired Portfolio 55,236 2,112 53,124
Properties Placed In-Service Portfolio 25,657 24,333 1,324
Properties in or Held for Development or Redevelopment Portfolio (1) 5,484 6,280 (796)
$ 880,383 $ 823,805 $ 56,578
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(1)During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Kendall Center Blue Parking Garage was taken out of service and demolished to support the development of 290 Binney Street, an approximately 573,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2023, BPLP recorded approximately $0.6 million of accelerated depreciation expense for the demolition of the garage.
Direct Reimbursements of Payroll and Related Costs From Management Services Contracts and Payroll and Related Costs From Management Service Contracts
We have determined that amounts reimbursed for payroll and related costs received from third parties in connection with management services contracts should be reflected on a gross basis instead of on a net basis as we have determined that we are the principal under these arrangements. We anticipate that these two financial statement line items will generally offset each other.
Other Income and Expense Items
Loss from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
For the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, loss from unconsolidated joint ventures increased by approximately $103.6 million primarily due to the recognition of non-cash impairment charges related to our investments in Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $341.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the recognition of non-cash impairment charges in the amount of $272.6 million related to our investments in Platform 16, 360 Park Avenue South, 200 Fifth Avenue and Safeco Plaza during the year ended December 31, 2023.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2024, there was an approximately $21.8 million gain recognized from acquiring our joint venture partner’s economic ownership interest in 901 New York Avenue. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2023, there was an approximately $34.3 million net gain related to the disposition of our ownership interest in Metropolitan Square and an approximately $29.9 million net gain related to the acquisition of our joint venture partner’s ownership interest in Santa Monica Business Park that did not recur during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Gains on Sales of Real Estate
The $0.6 million and $0.5 million gains on sale of real estate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were related to the sale of real estate occurring in prior periods.
Gains on sales of real estate may differ between BXP and BPLP as a result of previously applied acquisition accounting by BXP for the issuance of common stock in connection with non-sponsor OP Unit redemptions by BPLP. This accounting resulted in a step-up of the real estate assets at BXP that was allocated to certain properties. The difference between the real estate assets of BXP as compared to BPLP for certain properties having an allocation of the real estate step-up will result in a corresponding difference in the gains on sales of real estate when those properties are sold. For additional information, see the Explanatory Note that immediately follows the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Interest and Other Income (Loss)
Interest and other income (loss) decreased by approximately $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, due primarily to a decrease in our outstanding cash balances and corresponding lower interest income.
Gains from Investments in Securities
Gains from investments in securities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 related to investments that we have made to reduce our market risk relating to deferred compensation plans that we maintain for BXP’s officers and former non-employee directors. Under the deferred compensation plans, each officer or non-employee director who is eligible to participate is permitted to defer a portion of the officer’s current income or the non-employee director’s compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer or non-employee director. In order to reduce our market risk relating to these plans, we typically acquire, in a separate account that is not restricted as to its use, similar or identical investments as those selected by each officer or non-employee director. This enables us to generally match our liabilities to BXP’s officers or former non-employee directors under our deferred compensation plans with equivalent assets and thereby limit our market risk. The performance of these investments is recorded as gains from investments in securities. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized gains of approximately $4.4 million and $5.6 million, respectively, on these investments. By comparison, our general and administrative expense decreased by approximately $4.4 million and $5.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as a result of decreases in our liability under our deferred compensation plans that was associated with the performance of the specific investments selected by officers and former non-employee directors of BXP participating in the plans.
Unrealized Gain on Non-Real Estate Investments
We invest in non-real estate investments, which are primarily environmentally-focused investment funds. As a result, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized an unrealized gain of approximately $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, due to the observable changes in the fair value of the investments.
Impairment Loss
At March 31, 2024, we evaluated the expected hold period for a portion of our Shady Grove property, located in Rockville, Maryland, consisting of 2 Choke Cherry Road, 2094 Gaither Road and a land parcel. Based on a shorter-than-expected hold period, we reduced the carrying value of a portion of the property that we anticipate selling to a third-party developer to its estimated fair value at March 31, 2024. As a result, each of BXP and BPLP recognized an impairment loss of approximately $13.6 million. Our estimated fair value was based on Level 3 inputs as defined in ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” and on a pending offer from a third party (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Losses from Interest Rate Contracts
During the year ended December 31, 2023, to satisfy a lender requirement, we entered into two agreements with the same third-party to purchase and sell a $600.0 million interest rate cap. We did not elect hedge accounting, and as such, any change in market value will be recognized at the end of the period. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized a loss of approximately $79,000 from entering into these agreements. We did not recognize any losses during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by approximately $65.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as detailed below.
Component Change in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023
(in thousands)
Increases to interest expense due to:
New mortgage loan financings (1) $ 64,308
Unsecured commercial paper (2) 18,582
Issuance of $750 million in aggregate principal of 6.500% senior notes due 2034 on May 15, 2023 18,345
Issuance of $850 million in aggregate principal of 5.750% senior notes due 2035 on August 26, 2024 16,979
Other interest expense (excluding senior notes) 105
Total increases to interest expense 118,319
Decreases to interest expense due to:
Repayment of $700 million in aggregate principal of 3.800% senior notes due 2024 on February 1, 2024 (24,600)
Decrease in interest associated with unsecured term loans and the unsecured credit facility, net (3) (13,430)
Repayment of $500 million in aggregate principal of 3.125% senior notes due 2023 on September 1, 2023 (10,672)
Decrease in interest due to finance leases (2,109)
Increase in capitalized interest related to development projects (1,724)
Amortization expense of financing fees (239)
Total decreases to interest expense (52,774)
Total change in interest expense $ 65,545
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(1)Consists of the mortgage loan and, if applicable, fair value debt and swap adjustments collateralized by (1) 325 Main Street, 355 Main Street, 90 Broadway and Cambridge East Garage (also known as Kendall Center Green Garage) properties located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, (2) Santa Monica Business Park located in Santa Monica, California and (3) 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC (See Notes 7 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(2)On April 17, 2024, BPLP established an unsecured commercial paper program (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(3)Includes, if applicable, swap adjustments (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Interest expense directly related to the development of rental properties is capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the useful lives of the real estate or lease term. As portions of properties are placed in-service, we cease capitalizing interest on that portion and interest is then expensed. Interest capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $42.0 million and $42.6 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the interest expense referenced above. The decrease in capitalized interest is primarily attributable to a development project that had a finance lease and is now placed in service.
On January 15, 2025, we repaid at maturity $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 3.200% unsecured senior notes. The repayment was completed with available cash and proceeds from our August 2024 offering of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.750% unsecured senior notes due 2035.
At December 31, 2024, our variable rate debt consisted of (1) BPLP’s $2.0 billion 2021 Credit Facility, (2) BPLP’s $700.0 million 2023 Unsecured Term Loan and (3) BPLP’s $500.0 million unsecured commercial paper notes. As of December 31, 2024, the 2021 Credit Facility did not have a balance outstanding. In addition, we have the $100.0 million 2024 Unsecured Term Loan and $800.0 million of mortgage notes collateralized by Santa Monica Business Park and our 325 Main Street, 355 Main Street, 90 Broadway and Cambridge East Garage (also known
as Kendall Center Green Garage) properties that bore interest at variable rates, which have all been hedged with interest rates swaps to fix SOFR for all or a portion of the applicable debt term. For a summary of our consolidated debt as of December 31, 2024 refer to the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources-Debt Financing” within “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Noncontrolling Interests in Property Partnerships
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships decreased by approximately $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, as detailed below.
Property Noncontrolling Interests in Property Partnerships for the year ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change
(in thousands)
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) $ 12,495 $ 13,201 $ (706)
7 Times Square (formerly Times Square Tower) (1) 15,657 22,495 (6,838)
601 Lexington Avenue (2) 9,402 13,625 (4,223)
100 Federal Street 11,443 13,350 (1,907)
Atlantic Wharf Office Building 15,549 15,936 (387)
343 Madison Avenue (3) (32) (6) (26)
300 Binney Street (4) 2,505 60 2,445
290 Binney Street (5) 497 - 497
$ 67,516 $ 78,661 $ (11,145)
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(1)The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in lease revenue from our clients.
(2)The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in lease revenue from our clients and depreciation and amortization expense related to new and expiring clients.
(3)Property is held for future development.
(4)Property was fully placed in service on October 31, 2024.
(5)Property is currently in development.
Noncontrolling Interest-Common Units of the Operating Partnership
For BXP, noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership decreased by approximately $20.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023 due primarily to a decrease in allocable income, which was primarily the result of recognizing a greater non-cash impairment charge related to our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures during the year ended December 31, 2024. Due to our ownership structure, there is no corresponding line item on BPLP’s financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Our principal liquidity needs for the next twelve months and beyond are to:
•fund normal recurring expenses;
•meet debt service and principal repayment obligations and balloon payments on maturing debt, including:
•$700.0 million of principal outstanding on the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan due May 16, 2025,
•$100.0 million of principal outstanding on the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan due September 26, 2025, for which we have three, one-year extension options, subject to customary conditions,
•$1.0 billion of 3.650% unsecured senior notes due February 1, 2026, and
•amounts that become due under BPLP’s unsecured commercial paper program
•fund capital calls from our unconsolidated joint venture investments to fund development costs, capital improvements, leasing costs and debt principal repayment;
•fund development and redevelopment costs;
•fund capital expenditures, including major renovations, tenant improvements and leasing costs;
•fund possible acquisitions of properties, either directly or indirectly through the acquisition of equity interests; and
•make the minimum distribution required to enable BXP to maintain its REIT qualification under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
We expect to satisfy these needs using one or more of the following:
•cash flow from operations;
•distribution of cash flows from joint ventures;
•cash and cash equivalent balances;
•borrowings under BPLP’s 2021 Credit Facility, unsecured term loans, short-term bridge facilities and construction loans;
•long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness (including unsecured exchangeable indebtedness);
•sales of real estate and interests in joint ventures owning real estate;
•private equity sources, including institutional investors; and
•issuances of BXP equity securities and/or preferred or common units of partnership interests in BPLP.
We draw on multiple financing sources to fund our long-term capital needs. We expect to fund our current development/redevelopment projects primarily with our available cash balances, funding from institutional private equity partners, construction loans, unsecured term loans, proceeds from possible asset sales, BPLP’s 2021 Credit Facility and BPLP's commercial paper program. We use BPLP’s 2021 Credit Facility primarily as a bridge facility to fund acquisition opportunities, refinance outstanding indebtedness, fund short-term development costs and for working capital. We also use BPLP’s 2021 Credit Facility to backstop BPLP’s commercial paper program. Although we may seek to fund our development projects with construction loans, which may require guarantees by BPLP, the source of financing for each particular project ultimately depends on several factors, including, among others, the project’s size and duration, whether the project is owned by a joint venture, the extent of pre-leasing, our available cash and access to cost effective capital at the given time.
The following table presents information on properties under construction/redevelopment as of December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Financings
Construction/Redevelopment Properties Estimated Stabilization Date Location # of Buildings Estimated Square Feet Investment to Date (1)(2)(3) Estimated Total Investment (1)(2) Total Available (1) Outstanding at December 31, 2024
(1)
Estimated Future Equity Requirement (1)(2)(4) Percentage Leased (5)
Office
360 Park Avenue South (71% ownership) (Redevelopment) Q4 2026 New York, NY 1 450,000 $ 359,688 $ 418,300 $ 156,470 $ 156,470 $ 58,612 23 % (6)
Reston Next Office Phase II Q2 2026 Reston, VA 1 90,000 45,672 61,000 - - 15,328 9 % (7)
725 12th Street (Redevelopment) Q4 2030 Washington, DC 1 320,000 51,447 349,600 - - 298,153 47 % (8)
Total Office Properties under Construction/Redevelopment 3 860,000 456,807 828,900 156,470 156,470 372,093 30 %
Laboratory/Life Sciences
651 Gateway (50% ownership) (Redevelopment) Q3 2026 South San Francisco, CA 1 327,000 132,083 167,100 - - 35,017 21 % (9)
290 Binney Street (55% ownership) Q2 2026 Cambridge, MA 1 573,000 212,002 508,000 - - 295,998 100 % (10)
Total Laboratory/Life Sciences Properties under Construction/Redevelopment 2 900,000 344,085 675,100 - - 331,015 71 %
Residential
121 Broadway Street (439 units) Q2 2029 Cambridge, MA 1 492,000 104,364 597,800 - - 493,436 - %
Total Residential Property under Construction 1 492,000 104,364 597,800 - - 493,436 - %
Retail
Reston Next Retail Q4 2025 Reston, VA 1 33,000 24,427 26,600 - - 2,173 13 %
Total Retail Properties under Construction 1 33,000 24,427 26,600 - - 2,173 13 %
Total Properties under Construction/Redevelopment 7 2,285,000 $ 929,683 $ 2,128,400 $ 156,470 $ 156,470 $ 1,198,717 50 % (11)
___________
(1)Represents our share.
(2)Each of Investment to Date, Estimated Total Investment and Estimated Future Equity Requirement represent our share of acquisition expenses, as applicable, and reflect our share of the estimated net revenue/expenses that we expect to incur prior to stabilization of the project, including any amounts actually received or paid through December 31, 2024.
(3)Includes approximately $44.0 million of unpaid but accrued construction costs and leasing commissions.
(4)Excludes approximately $44.0 million of unpaid but accrued construction costs and leasing commissions.
(5)Represents percentage leased as of February 21, 2025, including leases with future commencement dates.
(6)As of December 31, 2024, this property was 30% placed in-service.
(7)As of December 31, 2024, this property was 6% placed in-service.
(8)We acquired 725 12th Street on December 27, 2024 for a purchase price, excluding transaction costs, of $34.0 million. Concurrently with the acquisition, a lease was executed with McDermott Will & Emery LLP for approximately 152,000 square feet of the redeveloped building (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(9)As of December 31, 2024, this property was 27% placed in-service. This property was fully placed in-service on January 2, 2025 (See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(10)On March 21, 2024, we completed the sale of a 45% interest in 290 Binney Street (See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The project budget reflects our 55% share of joint venture costs related to 290 Binney Street. We have the sole obligation to construct an underground electrical vault for an estimated gross cost of $183.9 million. We have entered into a contract to sell the electrical vault to a third party for a fixed price of $84.1 million upon completion. The net investment of $99.8 million will be included in our outside basis in 290 Binney Street. We have invested $71.9 million for the vault as of December 31, 2024.
(11)Percentage leased excludes the residential property.
We seek to maximize income from our existing properties by maintaining quality standards for our properties that promote high occupancy rates and permit increases in rental rates while reducing client turnover and controlling operating expenses. Our sources of revenue also include third-party fees generated by our property management, leasing, development and construction businesses, interest earned on cash deposits and, from time to time, the sale of assets. We believe these sources of capital will continue to provide the funds necessary for our short-term liquidity needs. Material adverse changes in one or more sources of capital may adversely affect our net cash flows and our ability to repay or refinance existing indebtedness as it matures.
As of December 31, 2024, we had seven properties under development or redevelopment. BXP’s Share of the estimated total investment for these projects is approximately $2.3 billion, of which approximately $1.3 billion remains to be funded through 2030.
Since the third quarter of 2024, we further strengthened our balance sheet by repaying debt and extending maturities. Notable transactions include:
•On October 8, 2024, we modified the mortgage loan collateralized by our Santa Monica Business Park properties located in Santa Monica, California (“SMBP Loan”). The SMBP Loan had an outstanding principal balance of $200.0 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum and was scheduled to mature on July 19, 2025. The modified loan has an outstanding principal balance of $200.0 million, is scheduled to mature on October 8, 2028 and continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum until July 19, 2025. Beginning July 19, 2025, the mortgage loan will bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.60% per annum through the maturity date. The entire principal is subject to interest rate swap contracts to fix Daily Simple SOFR at a weighted-average fixed interest rate of approximately 2.675% per annum through April 1, 2025 (See Notes 7 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
•On January 15, 2025, we repaid at maturity $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 3.200% unsecured senior notes. The repayment was completed with available cash and proceeds from our August 2024 offering of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.750% unsecured senior notes due 2035.
As of December 31, 2024, our share of unconsolidated joint venture debt maturing through February 2026 was approximately $551.4 million. This debt matures at different times through February 2026 and we expect to fund the repayment of this debt through a combination of refinancings in whole or in part, available cash balances, proceeds from asset sales, draws on BPLP’s 2021 Credit Facility, proceeds from BPLP’s unsecured commercial paper program, secured debt or unsecured debt.
We expect net interest expense will be higher in 2025 as a result of lower projected interest income in 2025 due to (i) lower cash balances as a result of ongoing development costs in 2025 and (ii) the repayment of our $850.0 million unsecured senior notes at maturity on January 15, 2025 (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). We expect our interest expense will be flat or slightly higher in 2025 compared to 2024 (assuming no interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve) primarily due to the increased interest expense associated with BPLP’s August 2024 issuance of $850.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes offset by lower average outstanding debt balances.
As of February 21, 2025, we had available cash of approximately $366.7 million (of which approximately $125.0 million was attributable to our consolidated joint venture partners). Our liquidity and capital resources depend on a wide range of factors, and we believe that our access to capital and our strong liquidity, including the approximately $1.2 billion available under BPLP’s 2021 Credit Facility and our available cash, as of February 21, 2025, are sufficient to fund our remaining capital needs on existing development and redevelopment projects, fund acquisitions, repay our maturing indebtedness when due (if not refinanced or extended), satisfy our REIT distribution requirements and still allow us to act opportunistically on attractive investment opportunities. We are currently in active negotiations for the disposition of three land sites and we expect to put an operating property into the market for sale in 2025. If successful, these sales in aggregate could generate approximately $200.0 million of net proceeds in 2025, although it is possible that one of the land sales does not close until 2026. However, there can be no assurance that we will complete any of these transactions on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all.
We may seek to enhance our liquidity to fund our current and future development activity, pursue additional attractive investment opportunities and refinance or repay indebtedness. Depending on then-current interest rates,
the overall conditions in the public and private debt and equity markets, and our existing and expected leverage at the time, we may decide to access one or more of these capital sources. Doing so may result in greater cash and cash equivalents pending our use of the proceeds, and depending on the sources of liquidity, higher interest expense or share count.
We have not sold any shares under BXP’s $600.0 million “at the market” equity offering program.
Inflation
We are exposed to inflation risk, as income from long-term leases is the primary source of our cash flows from operations. There are provisions in the majority of our client leases that protect us from, and mitigate the near term risk of, the impact of inflation. These provisions include rent steps and resets to market, reimbursement billings for operating expense pass-through charges, real estate tax and insurance reimbursements on a per-square-foot basis, or in some cases, annual reimbursement of operating expenses above a certain per-square-foot allowance. However, due to the long-term nature of the leases, the rent may not increase frequently enough to fully cover inflation.
REIT Tax Distribution Considerations
Dividend
As a REIT, BXP is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that BXP currently distribute at least 90% of its annual taxable income (excluding capital gains and with certain other adjustments). Our policy is for BXP to distribute at least 100% of its taxable income, including capital gains, to avoid paying federal tax. Holders of common and LTIP units (other than unearned MYLTIP units) of limited partnership interest in BPLP receive the same distribution per unit that is paid per share of BXP common stock.
BXP’s Board of Directors will continue to evaluate BXP’s dividend rate in light of our actual and projected taxable income (including gains on sales), liquidity requirements and other circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the future dividends declared by BXP’s Board of Directors will not differ materially from the current quarterly dividend amount.
Sales
To the extent that we sell assets at a gain and cannot efficiently use the proceeds in a tax deferred manner for either our development activities or attractive acquisitions, BXP would, at the appropriate time, decide whether it is better to declare a special dividend, adopt a stock repurchase program, reduce indebtedness or retain the cash for future investment opportunities. Such a decision will depend on many factors including, among others, the timing, availability and terms of development and acquisition opportunities, our then-current and anticipated leverage, the cost and availability of capital from other sources, the price of BXP’s common stock and REIT distribution requirements. At a minimum, we expect that BXP would distribute at least that amount of proceeds necessary for BXP to avoid paying corporate level tax on the applicable gains realized from any asset sales.
From time to time in select cases, whether due to a change in use, structuring issues to comply with applicable REIT regulations or other reasons, we may sell an asset that is held by a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). Such a sale by a TRS would be subject to federal and local taxes.
Cash Flow Summary
The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows for the periods presented below.
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows aggregated approximately $1.3 billion and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing a decrease of approximately $0.3 billion. The following table sets forth changes in cash flows:
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 Change
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,234,501 $ 1,301,520 $ (67,019)
Net cash used in investing activities (1,237,396) (1,193,681) (43,715)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (274,476) 767,916 (1,042,392)
Our principal source of cash flow is related to the operation of our properties. The weighted-average term of our in-place leases, including leases signed by our unconsolidated joint ventures, excluding residential units, was approximately 7.8 years as of December 31, 2024, with occupancy rates historically in the range of 87% to 92%. Generally, our properties generate a relatively consistent stream of cash flows that provides us with resources to pay operating expenses, debt service and fund regular quarterly dividend and distribution payment requirements. In addition, over the past several years, we have raised capital through the sale of some of our properties and through secured and unsecured borrowings.
Cash is used in investing activities to fund acquisitions, development, net investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and maintenance and repositioning capital expenditures. Cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is detailed below:
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Acquisitions of real estate (1) $ (35,366) $ -
Construction in progress (2) (651,346) (525,963)
Building and other capital improvements (189,667) (171,424)
Tenant improvements (258,312) (310,925)
Proceeds from sales of real estate 602 517
Acquisition of real estate upon consolidation of unconsolidated joint ventures (net of cash) (3) 6,086 (13,155)
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures (4) (132,096) (192,650)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures (5) 28,325 32,787
Investment in non-real estate investments (2,500) (2,187)
Issuance of note receivables (including related party) (6) (3,258) (12,177)
Investments in securities, net 136 1,496
Net cash used in investing activities $ (1,237,396) $ (1,193,681)
Cash used in investing activities changed primarily due to the following:
(1)On December 27, 2024, we completed the acquisition of 725 12th Street located in Washington, DC, for a purchase price, including transaction costs, of approximately $35.4 million. The acquisition was completed with available cash. Following the acquisition, we commenced redevelopment of the property.
(2)Construction in progress for the year ended December 31, 2024 included ongoing expenditures associated with 760 Boylston Street, 180 CityPoint, 103 CityPoint and 300 Binney Street, which were fully placed in-service during the year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, we incurred costs associated with our continued development/redevelopment of Reston Next Office Phase II that was partially placed in-service, 290 Binney Street, 121 Broadway and 725 12th Street.
Construction in progress for the year ended December 31, 2023 included ongoing expenditures associated with 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, 140 Kendrick Street Building A and the View Boston observatory at The Prudential Center, which were fully placed in-service during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 180 CityPoint and 103 CityPoint that were partially placed in-service during the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, we incurred costs associated with our continued development/redevelopment of Reston Next Office Phase II, 760 Boylston Street, 105 Carnegie Center, 290 Binney Street and 300 Binney Street. On November 30, 2023, we elected to suspend redevelopment on 105 Carnegie Center located in Princeton, New Jersey.
(3)On January 8, 2024, we completed the acquisition of our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue, located in Washington, DC, for a gross purchase price of $10.0 million and we acquired net working capital, including cash and cash equivalents of approximately $16.1 million.
On December 14, 2023, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 45% interest in the joint venture entity that owns Santa Monica Business Park located in Santa Monica, California. The acquisition was completed for a gross purchase price of $38.0 million and we acquired net working capital, including cash and cash equivalents of approximately $20 million. Santa Monica Business Park is a 47-acre office park consisting of 21 buildings totaling approximately 1.2 million net rentable square feet.
(4)Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted primarily of cash contributions of approximately $62.7 million, $32.1 million, $13.5 million and $11.6 million to our 360 Park Avenue South, Gateway Commons, Platform 16 and Dock 72 joint ventures, respectively.
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted primarily of cash contributions of approximately $62.6 million, $42.7 million, $18.0 million, $18.0 million, $14.9 million, $10.6 million and $10.1 million to our Gateway Commons, Platform 16, Worldgate Drive, Dock 72, 360 Park Avenue South, 751 Gateway and Safeco Plaza joint ventures, respectively. On January 31, 2023, we entered into a new joint venture for 13100 and 13150 Worldgate Drive located in Herndon, Virginia.
(5)Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted primarily of cash distributions from our 360 Park Avenue South joint venture.
(6)On October 2, 2023, a joint venture in which we owned a 20% interest completed the restructuring of Metropolitan Square which included among other items, the closing of a new mezzanine loan with a maximum principal amount of $100.0 million. The new mezzanine loan may be drawn upon for future lease-up, operating and other costs on an as needed basis, and amounts borrowed will bear interest at a per annum rate of 12%, compounded monthly. We will fund 20%, or up to $20.0 million, of any amounts borrowed under the new mezzanine loan. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had funded approximately $3.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
On June 5, 2023, a joint venture in which we own a 30% interest repaid the existing construction loan collateralized by its 500 North Capitol Street, NW property and obtained new mortgage loans with related parties. At the time of the payoff, the outstanding balance of the loan totaled approximately $105.0 million and was scheduled to mature on June 6, 2023. The new mortgage loans have an aggregate principal balance of $105.0 million, bear interest at a weighted average fixed rate of 6.83% per annum and mature on June 5, 2026. Our portion of the mortgage loans, $10.5 million, has been reflected as a Related Party Note Receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. 500 North Capitol Street, NW is an approximately 231,000 square foot premier workplace in Washington, DC.
Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 totaled approximately $274.5 million. This amount consisted primarily of the repayment of BPLP’s $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.800% unsecured senior notes due February 1, 2024, repayment of $500.0 million of the outstanding balance of the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan and payment of our regular dividends and distributions to our shareholders and unitholders and distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships, partially offset by the issuance of BPLP’s $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.750% unsecured senior notes due 2035, $500.0 million of unsecured commercial paper borrowings, and $374.7 million in contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships and proceeds from the sale of a 45% interest in 290 Binney Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Future debt payments are discussed below under the heading “Debt Financing.”
Capitalization
The following table presents Consolidated Market Capitalization and BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization, as well as the corresponding ratios of Consolidated Debt to Consolidated Market Capitalization and BXP’s Share of Debt to BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization (in thousands, except for percentages):
December 31, 2024
Shares / Units Outstanding Common Stock Equivalent Equivalent Value (1)
Common Stock 158,175 158,175 $ 11,761,893
Common Operating Partnership Units 18,066 18,066 1,343,388 (2)
Total Equity 176,241 $ 13,105,281
Consolidated Debt $ 16,220,499
Add:
BXP’s share of unconsolidated joint venture debt (3) 1,383,764
Subtract:
Partners’ share of Consolidated Debt (4) 1,362,367
BXP’s Share of Debt $ 16,241,896
Consolidated Market Capitalization $ 29,325,780
BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization $ 29,347,177
Consolidated Debt/Consolidated Market Capitalization 55.31 %
BXP’s Share of Debt/BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization 55.34 %
_______________
(1)Values are based on the closing price per share of BXP’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2024 of $74.36.
(2)Includes long-term incentive plan units (including 2012 OPP Units and 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units but excluding the 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units because the three-year performance periods had not ended as of December 31, 2024).
(3)See page 88 for additional information.
(4)See page 86 for additional information.
Consolidated Debt to Consolidated Market Capitalization Ratio is a measure of leverage commonly used by analysts in the REIT sector. We present this measure as a percentage and it is calculated by dividing (A) our consolidated debt by (B) our consolidated market capitalization, which is the market value of our outstanding equity securities plus our consolidated debt. Consolidated market capitalization is the sum of:
(1) our consolidated debt; plus
(2) the product of (x) the closing price per share of BXP common stock on December 31, 2024, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, multiplied by (y) the sum of:
(i) the number of outstanding shares of common stock of BXP,
(ii) the number of outstanding OP Units in BPLP (excluding OP Units held by BXP),
(iii) the number of OP Units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding LTIP Units, assuming all conditions have been met for the conversion of the LTIP Units, and
(iv) the number of OP Units issuable upon conversion of 2012 OPP Units, and 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units that were issued in the form of LTIP Units.
The calculation of consolidated market capitalization does not include LTIP Units issued in the form of MYLTIP Awards unless and until certain performance thresholds are achieved and they are earned. Because their three-year performance periods have not yet ended, 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units are not included in this calculation as of December 31, 2024.
We also present BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization and BXP’s Share of Debt/BXP’s Share of Market Capitalization, which are calculated in the same manner, except that BXP’s Share of Debt is utilized instead of our consolidated debt in both the numerator and the denominator. BXP’s Share of Debt is defined as our consolidated debt plus our share of debt from our unconsolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon our ownership percentage), minus our partners’ share of debt from our consolidated joint ventures (calculated based upon the partners’ percentage ownership interests adjusted for basis differentials). Management believes that BXP’s Share of Debt provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition because it includes our share of debt from unconsolidated joint ventures and excludes our partners’ share of debt from consolidated joint ventures, in each case presented on the same basis. We have several significant joint ventures and presenting various measures of financial condition in this manner can help investors better understand our financial condition and/or results of operations after taking into account our economic interest in these joint ventures. We caution investors that the ownership percentages used in calculating BXP’s Share of Debt may not completely and accurately depict all of the legal and economic implications of holding an interest in a consolidated or unconsolidated joint venture. For example, in addition to partners’ interests in profits and capital, venture agreements vary in the allocation of rights regarding decision making (both for routine and major decisions), distributions, transferability of interests, financing and guarantees, liquidations and other matters. Moreover, in some cases we exercise significant influence over, but do not control, the joint venture in which case GAAP requires that we account for the joint venture entity using the equity method of accounting and we do not consolidate it for financial reporting purposes. In other cases, GAAP requires that we consolidate the venture even though our partner(s) own(s) a significant percentage interest. As a result, management believes that the presentation of BXP’s Share of a financial measure should not be considered a substitute for, and should only be considered with and as a supplement to our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.
We present these supplemental ratios because our degree of leverage could affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes and because different investors and lenders consider one or both of these ratios. Investors should understand that these ratios are, in part, a function of the market price of the common stock of BXP and as such will fluctuate with changes in such price, and they do not necessarily reflect our capacity to incur additional debt to finance our activities or our ability to manage our existing debt obligations. However, for a company like BXP, whose assets are primarily income-producing real estate, these ratios may provide investors with an alternate indication of leverage, so long as they are evaluated along with the ratio of indebtedness to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts and other financial ratios, as well as the various components of our outstanding indebtedness.
For a discussion of our unconsolidated joint venture indebtedness, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources-Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Secured Debt” within “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and for a discussion of our consolidated joint venture indebtedness see “Liquidity and Capital Resources-Mortgage Notes Payable” within “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Debt Financing
As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $16.2 billion of outstanding consolidated indebtedness, representing approximately 55.31% of our Consolidated Market Capitalization as calculated above consisting of approximately (1) $10.6 billion (net of discount and deferred financing fees) in publicly traded unsecured senior notes having a GAAP weighted-average interest rate of 4.07% per annum and maturities in 2025 through 2035 (See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (2) $4.3 billion (net of deferred financing fees and fair value interest adjustments) of property-specific mortgage debt having a GAAP weighted-average interest rate of 4.17% per annum and a weighted-average term of 3.8 years, (3) $0.8 billion (net of deferred financing fees and fair value interest adjustments) of unsecured term loans having a GAAP weighted-average interest rate of 5.88% per annum with maturities in 2025, and (4) $0.5 billion of unsecured commercial paper borrowings having a weighted-average interest rate of 4.79% per annum and a weighted-average maturity of 38 days, from the issuance date.
The table below summarizes the aggregate carrying value of our outstanding indebtedness, as well as Consolidated Debt Financing Statistics at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
December 31,
2024 2023
(dollars in thousands)
Debt Summary:
Balance
Mortgage notes payable, net $ 4,276,609 $ 4,166,379
Unsecured senior notes, net 10,645,077 10,491,617
Unsecured line of credit - -
Unsecured term loans, net 798,813 1,198,301
Unsecured commercial paper 500,000 -
Consolidated Debt 16,220,499 15,856,297
Add:
BXP’s share of unconsolidated joint venture debt, net (1) 1,383,764 1,421,655
Subtract:
Partners’ share of consolidated mortgage notes payable, net (2) 1,362,367 1,360,375
BXP’s Share of Debt $ 16,241,896 $ 15,917,577
December 31,
2024 2023
Consolidated Debt Financing Statistics:
Percent of total debt:
Fixed rate (3) 92.61 % 100.00 %
Variable rate 7.39 % - %
Total 100.00 % 100.00 %
GAAP Weighted-average interest rate at end of period:
Fixed rate (3) 4.11 % 4.11 %
Variable rate 5.47 % - %
Total 4.21 % 4.11 %
Coupon/Stated Weighted-average interest rate at end of period:
Fixed rate (3) 3.89 % 3.96 %
Variable rate 5.34 % - %
Total 4.00 % 3.96 %
Weighted-average maturity at end of period (in years):
Fixed rate (3) 4.6 4.6
Variable rate 0.2 -
Total 4.3 4.6
_______________
(1)See page 88 for additional information.
(2)See page 86 for additional information.
(3)At December 31, 2024, BPLP’s $100.0 million 2024 Unsecured Term Loan and two of our mortgage loans aggregating approximately $800.0 million bore interest at variable rates. We entered into interest rate swap contracts that effectively fixed the variability of these loans for all or a portion of the applicable debt term and as such, they are reflected in our Fixed rate statistics. At December 31, 2023, BPLP’s 2023 Unsecured Term Loan and two of our mortgage loans aggregating approximately $900.0 million bore interest at variable rates that were subject to interest rate swaps that effectively fixed the interest rate for all or a portion of the applicable debt term. As such, they are reflected in our Fixed rate statistics.
Unsecured Credit Facility
The 2021 Credit Facility provides for borrowings of up to $2.0 billion, as described below, through BPLP’s revolving facility, subject to customary conditions. The 2021 Credit Facility matures on June 15, 2026 and includes a sustainability-linked pricing component. Under the 2021 Credit Facility, BPLP had the option to increase the original total commitment of $1.5 billion by up to an additional $500.0 million by increasing the amount of the revolving facility and/or by incurring one or more term loans, in each case, subject to syndication of the increase and other conditions (the “Accordion Option”). On September 28, 2023, BPLP exercised a portion of the Accordion Option, which increased the then maximum borrowing amount under the 2021 Credit Facility from $1.5 billion to $1.815 billion. On April 29, 2024, BPLP exercised the remainder of the Accordion Option and further increased the maximum borrowing amount under the 2021 Credit Facility to $2.0 billion. All other terms of the 2021 Credit Facility remain unchanged.
Based on BPLP’s December 31, 2024 credit rating, (1) the applicable Daily SOFR, Term SOFR, alternative currency daily rate, and alternative currency term rate margins are 0.850%, (2) the alternate base rate margin is zero basis points and (3) the facility fee is 0.20% per annum.
The 2021 Credit Facility is used as a backstop for BPLP’s $500.0 million unsecured commercial paper program (See “Unsecured Commercial Paper” below). As such, BPLP intends to maintain, at a minimum, availability under the 2021 Credit Facility in an amount equal to the amount of unsecured commercial paper notes outstanding.
At December 31, 2024, BPLP had no borrowings under its 2021 Credit Facility, outstanding letters of credit totaling approximately $5.4 million, and $500.0 million is being used as a backstop for the commercial paper program. At February 21, 2025, BPLP had $310.0 million outstanding under its 2021 Credit Facility, outstanding letters of credit totaling approximately $5.4 million, and $500.0 million is being used as a backstop for the commercial paper program. Therefore, at December 31, 2024 and February 21, 2025, BPLP has the ability to borrow approximately $1.5 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively.
Unsecured Term Loans
The 2023 Unsecured Term Loan provided for a single borrowing of up to $1.2 billion. Upon entry into the credit agreement in January 2023, BPLP exercised its option to draw $1.2 billion under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan. Under the credit agreement governing the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan, BPLP may, at any time prior to the maturity date, increase total commitments by up to an additional $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount by increasing the existing 2023 Unsecured Term Loan or incurring one or more additional term loans, in each case, subject to syndication of the increase and other conditions. On April 29, 2024, BPLP repaid $500.0 million of the outstanding balance under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan from the proceeds of its unsecured commercial paper program (See “Unsecured Commercial Paper” below). The 2023 Unsecured Term Loan had an initial maturity date of May 16, 2024, with one 12-month extension option, subject to customary conditions. On May 16, 2024, BPLP exercised its option to extend the maturity date of the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan to May 16, 2025. All other terms of the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan remain unchanged.
At BPLP’s option, loans under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) a base rate equal to the greatest of (a) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5%, (b) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (c) Term SOFR for a one-month period plus 1.00%, and (d) 1.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0 to 60 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating; or (2) a rate equal to adjusted Term SOFR with a one-month period plus a margin ranging from 75 to 160 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating.
On September 27, 2024, BPLP entered into the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan with the Lender under the SMBP Loan. Upon entry into the credit agreement, BPLP exercised its option to draw $100.0 million under the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan. The proceeds were used to repay the portion of the SMBP Loan held by the Lender. After the repayment, the SMBP Loan had a remaining principal balance of $200.0 million (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The 2024 Unsecured Term Loan matures on September 26, 2025 with three, one-year extension options, subject to customary conditions.
At BPLP’s option, loans under the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) zero, (b) Prime Rate, (c) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (d) Term SOFR for a one-month period plus 1.10%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0 to 60 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating; or (2) a rate equal to adjusted Term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR with a one-month period plus a margin ranging from 75 to 160 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating.
Based on BPLP’s December 31, 2024 credit rating, (1) the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to Term SOFR plus 1.05% per annum and (2) the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.05% per annum. The 2024 Unsecured Term Loan is subject to an existing interest rate swap to fix Daily Simple SOFR at a fixed rate of approximately 2.688% per annum for a period that ends on April 1, 2025 (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). At December 31, 2024 and February 21, 2025, BPLP had $700.0 million and $100.0 million of principal outstanding under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan and 2024 Unsecured Term Loan, respectively.
Unsecured Senior Notes
For a description of BPLP’s outstanding unsecured senior notes as of December 31, 2024, See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
On February 1, 2024, BPLP repaid $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.800% senior notes due February 1, 2024. The repayment was completed with available cash. The repayment price was approximately $713.3 million, which was equal to the stated principal plus approximately $13.3 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repayment date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the repayment price was equal to the principal amount being repaid.
On August 26, 2024, BPLP completed a public offering of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.750% unsecured senior notes due 2035. The notes were priced at 99.961% of the principal amount to yield an effective rate (including financing fees) of approximately 5.842% per annum to maturity. The notes will mature on January 15, 2035, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $841.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and transaction expenses.
On January 15, 2025, BPLP repaid $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.200% senior notes due January 15, 2025. The repayment was completed with available cash and the proceeds from BPLP’s August 2024 offering of unsecured senior notes. The repayment price was approximately $863.6 million, which was equal to the stated principal plus approximately $13.6 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repayment date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the repayment price was equal to the principal amount being repaid.
The indenture relating to the unsecured senior notes contains certain financial restrictions and requirements, including (1) a leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, (2) a secured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 50%, (3) an interest coverage ratio of greater than 1.50, and (4) an unencumbered asset value of not less than 150% of unsecured debt. At December 31, 2024, BPLP was in compliance with each of these financial restrictions and requirements.
Unsecured Commercial Paper
On April 17, 2024, BPLP established an unsecured commercial paper program. Under the terms of the program, BPLP may issue, from time to time, unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any one time of $500.0 million with varying maturities of up to one year. Amounts available under the unsecured commercial paper program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The notes are sold in private placements and rank pari passu with all of BPLP’s other unsecured senior indebtedness, including its outstanding senior notes. The unsecured commercial paper program is backstopped by available capacity under the 2021 Credit Facility. At December 31, 2024, BPLP had an aggregate of $500.0 million of unsecured commercial paper notes outstanding that bore interest at a weighted-average rate of approximately 4.79% per annum and had a weighted-average maturity of 38 days, from the issuance date. At February 21, 2025, BPLP had an aggregate of $500.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding that bore interest at a weighted-average rate of approximately 4.64% per annum and had a weighted-average maturity of 46 days, from the issuance date. Proceeds from the unsecured commercial paper program were used to reduce BPLP’s 2023 Unsecured Term Loan from $1.2 billion to $700.0 million.
Mortgage Notes Payable
On January 8, 2024, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC (See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The property is subject to existing mortgage indebtedness. At acquisition, the mortgage loan had an outstanding principal balance of approximately $207.1 million, bore interest at 3.61% per annum and was scheduled to mature on January 5, 2025. The mortgage loan was recorded at a fair value of approximately $198.7 million. On
January 11, 2024, we modified the mortgage loan to provide for two extension options totaling five years of additional term, each subject to certain conditions. On December 20, 2024, we exercised the first extension option to extend the maturity date to January 5, 2029. At the time of the extension, the outstanding principal balance was $202.3 million. The extended loan bears interest at 5.00% per annum beginning January 5, 2025. The loan has a one-year extension option remaining, subject to certain conditions.
On October 8, 2024, we modified the mortgage loan collateralized by our Santa Monica Business Park properties located in Santa Monica, California. The mortgage loan had an outstanding principal balance of $200.0 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum and was scheduled to mature on July 19, 2025. The modified loan is scheduled to mature on October 8, 2028 and continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum until July 19, 2025. Beginning July 19, 2025, the mortgage loan will bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.60% per annum through the maturity date. The entire principal is subject to interest rate swap contracts to fix Daily Simple SOFR at a weighted-average fixed interest rate of approximately 2.675% per annum through April 1, 2025 (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The mortgage loan requires monthly interest-only payments during the term of the loan, with the entire principal due at maturity. Santa Monica Business Park is an office park consisting of 21 buildings totaling approximately 1.2 million net rentable square feet.
The following represents the outstanding mortgage notes payable, net at December 31, 2024:
Properties Stated Interest Rate GAAP Interest Rate (1) Stated Principal Amount Fair Value Adjustment and Deferred Financing Costs, Net Carrying Amount Carrying Amount (Partners’ Share)
Maturity Date
(dollars in thousands)
Wholly-owned
901 New York Avenue 3.61 % 7.69 % $ 202,313 $ (621) $ 201,692 N/A (2) January 5, 2029
Santa Monica Business Park 4.05 % 6.65 % 200,000 (1,979) 198,021 N/A (3)(4) October 8, 2028
90 Broadway, 325 Main Street, 355 Main Street, and Cambridge East Garage (also known as Kendall Center Green Garage) 6.04 % 6.27 % 600,000 (5,131) 594,869 N/A (3)(5) October 26, 2028
Subtotal 1,002,313 (7,731) 994,582 N/A
Consolidated Joint Ventures
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building)
3.43 % 3.64 % 2,300,000 (8,502) 2,291,498 $ 916,629 (3)(6)(7) June 9, 2027
601 Lexington Avenue 2.79 % 2.93 % 1,000,000 (9,471) 990,529 445,738 (3)(8) January 9, 2032
Subtotal 3,300,000 (17,973) 3,282,027 1,362,367
Total $ 4,302,313 $ (25,704) $ 4,276,609 $ 1,362,367
_______________
(1)The GAAP interest rate differs from the stated interest rate due to the inclusion of the amortization of financing charges, the effects of hedging transactions (if any) and adjustments required under Accounting Standards Codification 805 “Business Combinations” to reflect loans and swaps at their fair values (if any).
(2)Carrying amount includes an approximately $0.1 million fair value interest adjustment. Beginning January 5, 2025, the loan will bear interest at a stated fixed rate of 5.0% per annum. The loan has a one-year extension option remaining, subject to certain conditions.
(3)The mortgage loan requires interest only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(4)The mortgage loan bears interest at a variable rate of Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum (See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The borrower under the loan entered into interest rate swap contracts to fix Daily Simple SOFR at a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 2.675% for the period commencing on February 1, 2023 and ending on April 1, 2025. Stated interest rate reflects the weighted average fixed interest rate based on the interest rate swap contracts plus 1.38% per annum. Carrying amount includes an approximately $1.0 million fair value interest adjustment and excludes the adjustment required to reflect the interest rate swap at fair value upon acquisition of approximately $0.9 million. Beginning July 19, 2025, the mortgage loan will bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.60% per annum through the maturity date.
(5)The mortgage loan bears interest at a variable rate of Daily Compounded SOFR plus 2.25% per annum. On December 7, 2023, BPLP entered into three interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $600.0 million to fix Daily Compounded SOFR at a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 3.7925% for the period commencing on December 15, 2023 and ending on October 26, 2028. The stated interest rate reflects the weighted average fixed interest rate based on the interest rate swap contracts plus 2.25% per annum.
(6)This property is owned by a consolidated entity in which we have a 60% interest. The partners’ share of the carrying amount has been adjusted for basis differentials.
(7)In connection with the refinancing of the loan, we guaranteed the consolidated entity’s obligation to fund various reserves for tenant improvement costs and allowances, leasing commissions and free rent obligations in lieu of cash deposits. As of December 31, 2024, the maximum funding obligation under the guarantee was approximately $6.4 million. We earn a fee from the joint venture for providing the guarantee and have an agreement with our partners to reimburse the joint venture for their share of any payments made under the guarantee (See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
(8)This property is owned by a consolidated entity in which we have a 55% interest.
Contractual aggregate principal payments of mortgage notes payable at December 31, 2024 are as follows:
Principal Payments
Year (in thousands)
2025 $ 4,250
2026 4,357
2027 2,304,580
2028 804,815
2029 184,311
Thereafter 1,000,000
$ 4,302,313
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
As of December 31, 2024, we had $900.0 million of interest rate swaps outstanding, where hedge accounting was elected, with a fair value of approximately $5.3 million. For a description of these interest rate swaps, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Secured Debt
We have investments in unconsolidated joint ventures with our effective ownership interests ranging from 20% to approximately 71%. Fourteen of these ventures have mortgage indebtedness. We exercise significant influence over, but do not control, these entities. As a result, we account for them using the equity method of accounting. See also Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2024, the aggregate carrying amount of debt, including both our and our partners’ share, incurred by these ventures was approximately $3.2 billion (of which our proportionate share is approximately $1.4 billion). The table below summarizes the outstanding debt of these joint venture properties at December 31, 2024. In addition to other guarantees specifically noted in the table, we have agreed to customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) as well as the completion of development projects on certain of the loans.
Properties Nominal % Ownership Stated Interest Rate GAAP Interest Rate (1) Term of Variable Rate + Spread Stated Principal Amount Deferred Financing Costs, Net Carrying Amount Carrying Amount (Our share) Maturity Date
(dollars in thousands)
360 Park Avenue South 71.11 % 6.90 % 7.21 % Term SOFR + 2.50% $ 220,000 $ (1,816) $ 218,184 $ 155,151 (2)(3)(4) December 13, 2027
Market Square North 50.00 % 6.89 % 7.07 % SOFR + 2.41% 125,000 (197) 124,803 62,402 (2)(3)(5) November 10, 2025
1265 Main Street 50.00 % 3.77 % 3.84 % N/A 33,700 (195) 33,505 16,753 January 1, 2032
Colorado Center 50.00 % 3.56 % 3.59 % N/A 550,000 (465) 549,535 274,768 (2) August 9, 2027
Dock 72 50.00 % 6.84 % 7.12 % SOFR +2.50% 198,383 (507) 197,876 98,938 (2)(6) December 18, 2025
The Hub on Causeway - Podium 50.00 % 7.35 % 7.75 % Daily Simple SOFR + 2.50% 154,278 (424) 153,854 76,927 (2)(3)(7) September 8, 2025
Hub50House 50.00 % 4.43 % 4.51 % SOFR + 1.35% 185,000 (1,018) 183,982 91,991 (2)(8) June 17, 2032
100 Causeway Street 50.00 % 6.03 % 6.12 % Term SOFR + 1.48% 333,579 (396) 333,183 166,592 (2) September 5, 2025
7750 Wisconsin Avenue (Marriott International Headquarters) 50.00 % 5.75 % 5.90 % SOFR + 1.35% 251,541 (122) 251,419 125,710 (2) April 26, 2025
Safeco Plaza 33.67 % 4.82 % 6.68 % SOFR + 2.32% 250,000 (567) 249,433 83,984 (2)(9) September 1, 2026
500 North Capitol Street, NW 30.00 % 6.83 % 7.16 % N/A 105,000 (403) 104,597 31,289 (2)(10) June 5, 2026
200 Fifth Avenue 26.69 % 4.34 % 5.60 % Term SOFR + 1.41% 600,000 (6,512) 593,488 152,686 (2)(11) November 24, 2028
3 Hudson Boulevard 25.00 % 12.53 % 12.53 % Term SOFR + 3.61% 80,000 - 80,000 20,000 (2)(12) August 7, 2024
Skymark - Reston Next Residential 20.00 % 6.55 % 6.87 % SOFR + 2.00% 133,476 (612) 132,864 26,573 (2)(3)(13) May 13, 2026
Total $ 3,219,957 $ (13,234) $ 3,206,723 $ 1,383,764
_______________
(1)The GAAP interest rate differs from the stated interest rate due to the inclusion of the amortization of financing costs, which includes mortgage recording fees, the effects of hedging transactions (if any) and adjustments required under Accounting Standards Codification 805 “Business Combinations” to reflect loans at their fair values (if any).
(2)The loan requires interest only payments with a balloon payment due at maturity.
(3)The loan includes certain extension options, subject to certain conditions.
(4)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to Term SOFR plus 2.50% per annum. The joint venture entered into an interest rate cap agreement with a financial institution to limit its exposure to increases in Term SOFR rate to a cap of 5.00% per annum on a notional amount of $220.0 million through January 15, 2026.
(5)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to the greater of (1) the sum of (x) SOFR and (y) 2.41% or (2) 2.80% per annum.
(6)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to (1) the greater of (x) SOFR or (y) 0.25%, plus (2) 2.50% per annum.
(7)The joint venture entered into interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $154.3 million through September 2, 2025, resulting in a fixed rate of approximately 7.35% per annum through the expiration of the interest rate swap contracts.
(8)The joint venture entered into interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $185.0 million through April 10, 2032, resulting in a fixed rate of approximately 4.432% per annum through the expiration of the interest rate swap contracts.
(9)The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to the greater of (x) 2.35% or (y) SOFR plus 2.32% per annum. The joint venture entered into an interest rate cap agreement with a financial institution to limit its exposure to increases in the SOFR rate at a cap of 2.50% per annum on a notional amount of $250.0 million through September 1, 2025.
(10)The indebtedness consists of (x) a $70.0 million mortgage loan payable (Note A) which bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.23% per annum, and (y) a $35.0 million mortgage loan payable (Note B) which bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.03% per annum. We provided $10.5 million of the Note B mortgage financing to the joint venture. Our portion of the loan is reflected as Related Party Note Receivables, Net on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(11)The joint venture entered into interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $600.0 million through June 2028, resulting in a fixed rate of approximately 4.34% per annum through the expiration of the interest rate swap contracts. The deferred financing costs, net include the adjustment required to reflect the loan and interest rate swap at fair value upon acquisition.
(12)As of December 31, 2024, the loan was in a maturity default and had an outstanding balance, including accrued and unpaid interest and default interest, of approximately $119.6 million. The joint venture is negotiating a new third-party loan, however, there can be no assurance that the joint venture will enter into a new third-party loan on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all. We are the lender of the loan, and the loan and accrued interest are reflected as Related Party Note Receivables, Net and Tenant and Other Receivables, Net, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(13)The construction financing has a borrowing capacity of $140.0 million.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Our future earnings, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market interest rates. Our primary market risk results from our indebtedness, which bears interest at fixed and variable rates. The fair value of our debt obligations are affected by changes in the market interest rates. We manage our market risk by matching long-term leases with long-term, fixed-rate, non-recourse debt of similar duration. We continue to follow a conservative strategy of generally pre-leasing development projects on a long-term basis to creditworthy clients in order to achieve the most favorable construction and permanent financing terms. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 92.61% of our outstanding debt, excluding our unconsolidated joint ventures and after taking into account hedging agreements, has fixed interest rates, which minimizes the interest rate risk through the maturity of the hedging agreements. We also manage our market risk by entering into hedging arrangements with financial institutions. Our primary objectives when undertaking hedging transactions and derivative positions is to reduce our floating rate exposure and to fix a portion of the interest rate for anticipated financing and refinancing transactions. This in turn, reduces the risks that the variability of cash flows imposes on variable rate debt. Our strategy mitigates against future increases in our interest rates.
Including the effects of interest rate swaps, at December 31, 2024, our weighted-average coupon/stated rate on our fixed rate outstanding Consolidated Debt was 3.89% per annum. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately $2.1 billion of consolidated variable rate debt outstanding, including $800.0 million of unsecured term loans, $500.0 million of unsecured commercial paper borrowings and approximately $800.0 million of secured debt. However, we entered into interest rate swaps with notional amounts aggregating $800.0 million for our secured debt and $100.0 million for BPLP’s 2024 Unsecured Term Loan, thus fixing the interest rates for all, or a portion of the applicable debt term (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information pertaining to interest rate contracts in place as of December 31, 2024 and their respective fair values). For example, if market interest rates on our variable rate debt had been 100 basis points greater, total interest expense would have increased approximately $21.0 million, on an annualized basis, for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The information above does not include our unconsolidated joint venture debt. For a discussion concerning our unconsolidated joint venture debt, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Secured Debt.”
Funds from Operations
Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” for each of BXP and BPLP by adjusting net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership (computed in accordance with GAAP), respectively, for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, including a change in control, impairment losses on depreciable real estate consolidated on our balance sheet, impairment losses on our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe the presentation of FFO, combined with the presentation of required GAAP financial measures, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and helps make comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be a useful measure for understanding and comparing our operating results because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales or a change in control of previously depreciated operating real estate assets, impairment losses and real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can differ across owners of similar assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help investors compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate across reporting periods and to the operating performance of other companies.
Our computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current Nareit definition or that interpret the current Nareit definition differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, FFO should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements. FFO should not be considered as a substitute for net income attributable to BXP, Inc. or net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership (determined in accordance with GAAP) or any other GAAP financial measures and should only be considered together with and as a supplement to our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
BXP
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to BXP, Inc. to FFO attributable to BXP, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 $ 190,215 $ 848,947
Add:
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership 2,400 22,548 96,780
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Net income 84,188 291,424 1,020,584
Add:
Depreciation and amortization 887,191 830,813 749,775
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization (76,660) (73,027) (70,208)
BXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures 81,904 101,199 89,275
Corporate-related depreciation and amortization (1,710) (1,810) (1,679)
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization 8,520 (1,681) -
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Impairment losses included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (1) 341,338 272,603 50,705
Less:
Gain on sale / consolidation included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (2) 21,696 28,412 -
Gain on investment included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (3) - 35,756 -
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 437,019
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Gain on sales-type lease included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures - 1,368 -
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investment 546 239 (150)
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Funds from Operations (FFO) attributable to the Operating Partnership common unitholders (including BXP, Inc.) 1,248,026 1,274,568 1,316,668
Less:
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership’s share of funds from operations 127,548 130,771 133,115
Funds from Operations attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 1,120,478 $ 1,143,797 $ 1,183,553
Our percentage share of Funds from Operations-basic 89.78 % 89.74 % 89.89 %
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic 157,468 156,863 156,726
___________
(1)The impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investments in (i) Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $341.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (ii) Platform 16, 360 Park Avenue South, 200 Fifth Avenue and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $272.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and (iii) the Dock 72 unconsolidated joint venture for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(2)On January 8, 2024, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC for a gross purchase price of $10.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $21.8 million on the consolidation of 901 New York Avenue (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). On December 14, 2023, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 45% ownership interest in Santa Monica Business Park located in Santa Monica, California for a purchase price of $38.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $29.9 million on the consolidation of Santa Monica Business Park.
(3)On October 2, 2023, a joint venture in which we owned a 20% equity interest completed a two-step restructuring of the ownership in Metropolitan Square, which resulted in, among other things, (i) the cessation of our obligation to fund future investments through our then 20% equity interest, which caused us to recognize a gain on investment of approximately $35.8 million related to our deficit investment balance that resulted from distributions, (ii) the removal of the property from our in-service portfolio, (iii) the sale of the property, which resulted in a loss on the sale of approximately $1.5 million and assignment of the existing senior loan to the new owner, and (iv) the closing of a new mezzanine loan.
The following tables presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to BXP, Inc. to Diluted FFO attributable to BXP, Inc. for income (numerator) and shares/units (denominator) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 $ 190,215 $ 848,947
Add:
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership 2,400 22,548 96,780
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Net income 84,188 291,424 1,020,584
Add:
Depreciation and amortization 887,191 830,813 749,775
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization (76,660) (73,027) (70,208)
BXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures 81,904 101,199 89,275
Corporate-related depreciation and amortization (1,710) (1,810) (1,679)
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization 8,520 (1,681) -
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Impairment losses included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (1) 341,338 272,603 50,705
Less:
Gain on sale / consolidation included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (2) 21,696 28,412 -
Gain on investment included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (3) - 35,756 -
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 437,019
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Gain on sales-type lease included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures - 1,368 -
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investment 546 239 (150)
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Funds from Operations (FFO) attributable to the Operating Partnership common unitholders (including BXP, Inc.) 1,248,026 1,274,568 1,316,668
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock based compensation - - -
Diluted FFO 1,248,026 1,274,568 1,316,668
Less:
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership’s share of diluted FFO 127,299 130,516 132,852
Diluted FFO attributable to BXP, Inc. (4) $ 1,120,727 $ 1,144,052 $ 1,183,816
___________
(1)The impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investments in (i) Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $341.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (ii) Platform 16,
360 Park Avenue South, 200 Fifth Avenue and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $272.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and (iii) the Dock 72 unconsolidated joint venture for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(2)On January 8, 2024, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC for a gross purchase price of $10.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $21.8 million on the consolidation of 901 New York Avenue (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). On December 14, 2023, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 45% ownership interest in Santa Monica Business Park located in Santa Monica, California for a purchase price of $38.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $29.9 million on the consolidation of Santa Monica Business Park.
(3)On October 2, 2023, a joint venture in which we owned a 20% equity interest completed a two-step restructuring of the ownership in Metropolitan Square, which resulted in, among other things, (i) the cessation of our obligation to fund future investments through our then 20% equity interest, which caused us to recognize a gain on investment of approximately $35.8 million related to our deficit investment balance that resulted from distributions, (ii) the removal of the property from our in-service portfolio, (iii) the sale of the property, which resulted in a loss on the sale of approximately $1.5 million and assignment of the existing senior loan to the new owner, and (iv) the closing of a new mezzanine loan.
(4)BXP’s share of diluted Funds from Operations was 89.80%, 89.76% and 89.91% for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
shares/units (in thousands)
Basic Funds from Operations 175,390 174,796 174,360
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock based compensation 325 338 411
Diluted Funds from Operations 175,715 175,134 174,771
Less:
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership’s share of diluted Funds from Operations 17,922 17,933 17,634
Diluted Funds from Operations attributable to BXP, Inc. (1) 157,793 157,201 157,137
_______________
(1)BXP’s share of diluted Funds from Operations was 89.80%, 89.76% and 89.91% for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
BPLP
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership to FFO attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 23,480 $ 219,771 $ 957,265
Add:
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Net income 90,996 298,432 1,032,122
Add:
Depreciation and amortization 880,383 823,805 742,293
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization (76,660) (73,027) (70,208)
BXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures 81,904 101,199 89,275
Corporate-related depreciation and amortization (1,710) (1,810) (1,679)
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization 8,520 (1,681) -
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Impairment losses included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (1) 341,338 272,603 50,705
Less:
Gain on sale / consolidation included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (2) 21,696 28,412 -
Gain on investment included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (3) - 35,756 -
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 441,075
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Gain on sales-type lease included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures - 1,368 -
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investment 546 239 (150)
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership (4) $ 1,248,026 $ 1,274,568 $ 1,316,668
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic 175,390 174,796 174,360
_______________
(1)The impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investments in (i) Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $341.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (ii) Platform 16, 360 Park Avenue South, 200 Fifth Avenue and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $272.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and (iii) the Dock 72 unconsolidated joint venture for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(2)On January 8, 2024, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC for a gross purchase price of $10.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $21.8 million on the consolidation of 901 New York Avenue (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). On December 14, 2023, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 45% ownership interest in Santa Monica Business Park located in Santa Monica, California for a purchase price of $38.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $29.9 million on the consolidation of Santa Monica Business Park.
(3)On October 2, 2023, a joint venture in which we owned a 20% equity interest completed a two-step restructuring of the ownership in Metropolitan Square, which resulted in, among other things, (i) the cessation of our obligation to fund future investments through our then 20% equity interest, which caused us to recognize a gain on investment of approximately $35.8 million related to our deficit investment balance that resulted from distributions, (ii) the removal of the property from our in-service portfolio, (iii) the sale of the property, which resulted in a loss on the sale of approximately $1.5 million and assignment of the existing senior loan to the new owner, and (iv) the closing of a new mezzanine loan.
(4)Our calculation includes OP Units and vested LTIP Units (including vested 2012 OPP Units and vested 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units).
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership to Diluted FFO attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership for income (numerator) and shares/units (denominator) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 23,480 $ 219,771 $ 957,265
Add:
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Net income 90,996 298,432 1,032,122
Add:
Depreciation and amortization 880,383 823,805 742,293
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships’ share of depreciation and amortization (76,660) (73,027) (70,208)
BXP’s share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures 81,904 101,199 89,275
Corporate-related depreciation and amortization (1,710) (1,810) (1,679)
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization 8,520 (1,681) -
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Impairment losses included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (1) 341,338 272,603 50,705
Less:
Gain on sale / consolidation included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (2) 21,696 28,412 -
Gain on investment included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (3) - 35,756 -
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 441,075
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Gain on sales-type lease included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures - 1,368 -
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investment 546 239 (150)
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership (4) 1,248,026 1,274,568 1,316,668
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock based compensation - - -
Diluted Funds from Operations attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 1,248,026 $ 1,274,568 $ 1,316,668
_______________
(1)The impairment loss on investment in unconsolidated joint venture consists of an other-than-temporary impairment loss on our investments in (i) Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $341.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (ii) Platform 16, 360 Park Avenue South, 200 Fifth Avenue and Safeco Plaza aggregating approximately $272.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and (iii) the Dock 72 unconsolidated joint venture for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(2)On January 8, 2024, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC for a gross purchase price of $10.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $21.8 million on the consolidation of 901 New York Avenue (See Notes 3 and 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). On December 14, 2023, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 45% ownership interest in Santa Monica Business Park located in Santa Monica, California for a purchase price of $38.0 million. We recognized a gain of approximately $29.9 million on the consolidation of Santa Monica Business Park.
(3)On October 2, 2023, a joint venture in which we owned a 20% equity interest completed a two-step restructuring of the ownership in Metropolitan Square, which resulted in, among other things, (i) the cessation of our obligation to fund future
investments through our then 20% equity interest, which caused us to recognize a gain on investment of approximately $35.8 million related to our deficit investment balance that resulted from distributions, (ii) the removal of the property from our in-service portfolio, (iii) the sale of the property, which resulted in a loss on the sale of approximately $1.5 million and assignment of the existing senior loan to the new owner, and (iv) the closing of a new mezzanine loan.
(4)Our calculation includes OP Units and vested LTIP Units (including vested 2012 OPP Units and vested 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units).
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
shares/units (in thousands)
Basic Funds from Operations 175,390 174,796 174,360
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock based compensation 325 338 411
Diluted Funds from Operations 175,715 175,134 174,771
Material Cash Commitments
As of December 31, 2024, we were subject to contractual payment obligations, excluding our unconsolidated joint ventures commitments. For details about our unconsolidated joint venture contractual payment obligations see “Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Contractual Obligations” below. Our primary contractual payment obligations, that are not disclosed in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are client and development related and described in further detail below. For details about our other contractual payment obligations related to operating and finance leases and debt, see Notes 4 and 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively.
Payments Due by Period
Total 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter
(in thousands)
Commitments:
Client obligations (1) $ 692,038 $ 520,934 $ 121,033 $ 22,735 $ 9,370 $ 14,231 $ 3,735
Construction contracts on development projects (2) 1,146,479 562,998 396,215 88,646 80,575 17,280 765
Total Commitments $ 1,838,517 $ 1,083,932 $ 517,248 $ 111,381 $ 89,945 $ 31,511 $ 4,500
_______________
(1)Committed client-related obligations (tenant improvements and lease commissions) based on executed leases as of December 31, 2024. The timing and amount of these payments is subject to change.
(2)Payments for construction contracts on development projects includes consolidated joint ventures and represents 100% of the estimated development costs.
We invest in two non-real estate funds, which are primarily environmentally focused investment funds, each with a commitment to contribute $10.0 million, aggregating to a total commitment of $20.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, we have contributed approximately $7.1 million, which includes required fees, with $12.9 million remaining to be contributed.
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2024, the unconsolidated joint ventures that we have an ownership interest in were subject to contractual payment obligations as described in the table below. The table represents our share of the contractual obligations. For details about our unconsolidated joint ventures secured debt see “Investment In Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Secured Debt” referred to in “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Payments Due by Period
Total 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter
(in thousands)
Contractual Obligations:
Operating leases (1) $ 94,825 $ 908 $ 944 $ 957 $ 970 $ 984 $ 90,062
Total Contractual Obligations 94,825 908 944 957 970 984 90,062
Commitments:
Client obligations (2) 33,845 6,299 19,432 8,114 - - -
Construction contracts on development projects 124,583 42,090 47,320 30,545 4,628 - -
Total Commitments 158,428 48,389 66,752 38,659 4,628 - -
$ 253,253 $ 49,297 $ 67,696 $ 39,616 $ 5,598 $ 984 $ 90,062
_______________
(1)Operating leases include approximately $61.6 million related to renewal options that the joint venture is reasonably certain it will exercise.
(2)Committed client-related obligations (tenant improvements and lease commissions) based on executed leases as of December 31, 2024. The timing and amount of these payments is subject to change.
We have various service contracts with vendors related to our property management. In addition, we have certain other contracts we enter into in the ordinary course of business that may extend beyond one year. These contracts include terms that provide for cancellation with insignificant or no cancellation penalties. Contract terms are generally between three and five years.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we paid approximately $377.3 million to fund client-related obligations, including tenant improvements and leasing commissions.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2024, we and our unconsolidated joint venture partners incurred approximately $534.1 million of new client-related obligations associated with approximately 5.3 million square feet of second generation leases, or approximately $100 per square foot. In addition, we signed leases for approximately 286,600 square feet of first generation leases. The client-related obligations for the development properties are included within the projects’ “Estimated Total Investment” referred to in “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources.” In the aggregate, during 2024, we signed leases for approximately 5.6 million square feet of space and incurred aggregate client-related obligations of approximately $597.3 million, or approximately $106 per square foot.
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 improves reportable segment disclosure requirements for public business entities primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit (referred to as the “significant expense principle”). ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this accounting standard on January 1, 2024. While the adoption has no impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements, it has resulted in incremental disclosures within the footnotes to our Consolidated Financial Statements (See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60)” (“ASU 2023-05”). ASU 2023-05 is intended to (1) address accounting for contributions made to a joint venture upon formation and (2) reduce diversity in practice. This ASU will apply to joint ventures that meet the definition of a corporate joint venture under GAAP, thus limiting its scope to joint ventures not controlled and therefore not consolidated by any joint venture investor. This accounting standard is effective for joint ventures with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2025.
Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)” (“ASU 2024-03”): ASU 2024-03 will require entities to provide enhanced disclosures related to certain expense categories included in income statement captions. The ASU aims to increase transparency and provide investors with more detailed information about the nature of expenses reported on the face of the income statement. The new standard does not change the requirements for the presentation of expenses on the face of the income statement. Under this ASU, entities are required to disaggregate, in a tabular format, expense captions presented on the face of the income statement - excluding earnings or losses from equity method investments - if they include any of the following expense categories: purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depreciation or depletion. For any remaining items within each relevant expense caption, entities must provide a qualitative description of the nature of those expenses. The new ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 may have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We are exposed to certain market risks, one of the most predominant of which is a change in interest rates. Unless we have entered into interest rate swaps or other derivatives to fix the interest rate, increases in interest rates can result in increased interest expense under our 2021 Credit Facility, unsecured term loans, unsecured commercial paper, certain mortgage loans and other debt that bears interest at variable rates. Increases in interest rates can also result in increased interest expense when our fixed rate debt matures and needs to be refinanced.
As of December 31, 2024, approximately $14.1 billion of our indebtedness bore interest at fixed rates and therefore the fair value of these instruments is not affected by changes in the market interest rates. The remaining approximately $2.1 billion of outstanding indebtedness bore interest at variable rates, including approximately $800.0 million of unsecured term loans, $500.0 million of unsecured commercial paper borrowings and approximately $800.0 million of secured debt. However, we entered into interest rate swaps with notional amounts aggregating $800.0 million for our secured debt and $100.0 million for BPLP’s 2024 Unsecured Term Loan, thus fixing the interest rates for all, or a portion of the applicable debt term (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information pertaining to interest rate swap contracts in place as of December 31, 2024 and their respective fair values). Therefore, as of December 31, 2024, we have $1.2 billion of variable rate debt outstanding.
The following table presents our aggregate debt obligations carrying value, estimated fair value and where applicable, the corresponding weighted-average GAAP interest rates sorted by maturity date as of December 31, 2024.
The table below does not include our unconsolidated joint venture debt. For a discussion concerning our unconsolidated joint venture debt, including interest rate swaps, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures - Secured Debt.”
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030+ Total Estimated Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)
Mortgage debt, net
Fixed Rate $ (835) $ (611) $ 2,301,592 $ 3,341 $ 182,961 $ 997,271 $ 3,483,719 $ 3,014,797
GAAP Average Interest Rate
- % 7.69 % 3.65 % 7.69 % 7.69 % 2.93 % 3.67 %
Variable Rate (2,625) (1,596) (1,596) 798,707 - - 792,890 793,298
Subtotal $ (3,460) $ (2,207) $ 2,299,996 $ 802,048 $ 182,961 $ 997,271 $ 4,276,609 $ 3,808,095
Unsecured debt, net
Fixed Rate $ 838,976 $ 1,990,365 $ 741,736 $ 992,956 $ 844,563 $ 5,236,481 $ 10,645,077 $ 10,005,606
GAAP Average Interest Rate
3.35 % 3.63 % 6.92 % 4.63 % 3.51 % 3.92 % 4.07 %
Variable Rate 1,298,813 - - - - - 1,298,813 1,299,580
Subtotal $ 2,137,789 $ 1,990,365 $ 741,736 $ 992,956 $ 844,563 $ 5,236,481 $ 11,943,890 $ 11,305,186
Total Debt $ 2,134,329 $ 1,988,158 $ 3,041,732 $ 1,795,004 $ 1,027,524 $ 6,233,752 $ 16,220,499 $ 15,113,281
At December 31, 2024, the weighted-average stated interest rates on the fixed rate debt stated above was 3.80% per annum. At December 31, 2024, our outstanding variable rate debt totaled $2.1 billion, of which $900.0 million was subject to interest rate swaps. At December 31, 2024, the weighted-average stated interest rate on our variable rate debt, including the effect of the interest rate swaps, was 4.15% per annum. If market interest rates on our variable rate debt had been 100 basis points greater, total interest expense would have increased approximately $21.0 million, on an annualized basis, for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Our use of derivative instruments also involves certain additional risks such as counterparty credit risk, the enforceability of hedging contracts and the risk that unanticipated and significant changes in interest rates will cause a significant loss of basis in the contract. We believe that there is a low likelihood that these counterparties will fail to meet their obligations and we minimize our exposure by limiting counterparties to major banks who meet established credit and capital guidelines. There can be no assurance that we will adequately protect against the foregoing risks.
The fair value amounts were determined solely by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. Due to the uncertainty of specific actions, we may undertake to minimize possible effects of market interest rate increases, this analysis assumes no changes in our financial structure.
Additional disclosure about market risk is incorporated herein by reference from “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Market Risk.”

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
BXP, INC. AND BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
BXP, Inc.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Capital and Noncontrolling Interests for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
BXP, Inc.
Financial Statement Schedule-Schedule 3 - Real Estate Investments and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2024
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Financial Statement Schedule-Schedule 3 - Real Estate Investments and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2024
All other schedules for which a provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting
Management of BXP, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for BXP, Inc. BXP, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of BXP, Inc.’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As of the end of BXP, Inc.’s 2024 fiscal year, management conducted assessments of the effectiveness of BXP, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on these assessments, management has determined that BXP, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 was effective.
Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of BXP, Inc.; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of BXP, Inc.’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements.
The effectiveness of BXP, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report appearing on page 103, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of BXP, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of BXP, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of BXP, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Impairment Assessment of Long-Lived Assets and Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
As described in Notes 2, 3, and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s total real estate balance was $21,050.3 million and its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures was $1,060.1 million as of December 31, 2024. During 2024, the Company recognized a $13.6 million impairment loss related to a long-lived asset and a $341.3 million other-than-temporary impairment loss related to certain investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. Management reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in the operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. Management reviews its unconsolidated joint ventures for indicators of impairment on a quarterly basis and records impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. This evaluation of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. Management will record an impairment charge if it determines that a decline in the fair value below the carrying amount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value of unconsolidated joint ventures is calculated using a discounted cash flow model which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, market interest rates and availability, discount rates, and capitalization rates.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the assessment of impairment indicators for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management (a) in identifying the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and (b) when developing the fair value estimate of the investment in unconsolidated joint venture with an other- than- temporary impairment, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to (a) management's identification of the indicators of impairment related to the operating performance and anticipated hold periods for long-lived assets and the performance of each investment and market conditions for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and (b) management’s assumptions related to future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates (collectively referred to as “the significant fair value assumptions”), and (iii) the audit effort related to management’s development of the fair value estimate of the investment in unconsolidated joint venture with an other-than-temporary impairment involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to (i) the identification of the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and (ii) developing the fair value estimate of the unconsolidated investment in joint venture with an other-than-temporary impairment. For the identification of the indicators of impairment, these procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management's process for identifying the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of the models, (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the models, and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of management’s indicators of impairment related to the operating performance and anticipated hold periods for long-lived assets and the performance of each investment and market
conditions for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. Evaluating the operating performance and anticipated hold periods involved considering the current and past performance of the long-lived assets, the consistency with external market and industry data, and whether the indicators were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Evaluating performance of each investment and market conditions involved considering changes in the performance of the investments and market conditions and evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. For the fair value estimate of the unconsolidated investment in joint venture with an other-than-temporary decline, these procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the investment in unconsolidated joint venture relating to the other-than-temporary impairment, (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of management’s discounted cash flow model, (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the model, and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant fair value assumptions used by management by considering industry knowledge and data, historical company data, and evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and reasonableness of the significant fair value assumptions.
Purchase Price Allocation for Long-Lived Asset Property Acquisitions
As described in Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company acquired its joint venture partner’s interest in a property for a purchase price of $10.0 million and a property for a gross purchase price of $35.0 million. Management assesses the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings and improvements, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, leasing costs and assumed financing origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities (including ground leases)) and allocates the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land and buildings as if vacant. Management assesses fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount, and/or capitalization rates, and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the purchase price allocation for long-lived asset property acquisitions is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management in developing the fair value estimates of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the corresponding purchase price allocation, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s significant assumptions related to discount rates and capitalization rates, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the purchase price allocation for the long-lived asset property acquisition, including controls over the assumptions related to discount rate and capitalization rate used to determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the corresponding purchase price allocation. These procedures also included, among others, (i) reading the purchase agreements and leasing documents for the acquisition, (ii) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and the corresponding purchase price allocation, (iii) evaluating the appropriateness of management’s discounted cash flow method, (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the method, and, (v) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management, related to the discount rate, capitalization rate, land value per square foot and future capital requirements by considering industry knowledge and data as well as historical company data and experience. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and reasonableness of the discount rate and capitalization rate assumptions.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 27, 2025
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1997.
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and par value amounts)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Real estate, at cost (amounts related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of $7,797,430 and $7,054,075 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
$ 27,870,623 $ 26,749,209
Right of use assets - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $21,000 and $21,000 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
372,922 401,680
Right of use assets - operating leases (amounts related to VIEs of $140,558 and $158,885 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
334,767 324,298
Less: accumulated depreciation (amounts related to VIEs of $(1,628,274) and $(1,501,483) at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
(7,528,057) (6,881,728)
Total real estate 21,050,255 20,593,459
Cash and cash equivalents (amounts related to VIEs of $373,737 and $245,317 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
1,254,882 1,531,477
Cash held in escrows (amounts related to VIEs of $4,979 and $22,160 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
80,314 81,090
Investments in securities 39,706 36,337
Tenant and other receivables, net (amounts related to VIEs of $20,435 and $27,987 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
107,453 122,407
Note receivable, net 4,947 1,714
Related party notes receivable, net 88,779 88,779
Sales-type lease receivable, net 14,657 13,704
Accrued rental income, net (amounts related to VIEs of $435,110 and $401,159 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
1,466,220 1,355,212
Deferred charges, net (amounts related to VIEs of $211,726 and $175,383 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
813,345 760,421
Prepaid expenses and other assets (amounts related to VIEs of $15,036 and $11,824 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
70,839 64,230
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures 1,093,583 1,377,319
Total assets $ 26,084,980 $ 26,026,149
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net (amounts related to VIEs of $3,282,027 and $3,277,185 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
$ 4,276,609 $ 4,166,379
Unsecured senior notes, net 10,645,077 10,491,617
Unsecured line of credit - -
Unsecured term loans, net 798,813 1,198,301
Unsecured commercial paper 500,000 -
Lease liabilities - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $20,931 and $20,794 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
370,885 417,961
Lease liabilities - operating leases (amounts related to VIEs of $157,691 and $145,826 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
392,686 350,391
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (amounts related to VIEs of $115,808 and $59,667 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
401,874 458,329
Dividends and distributions payable 172,486 171,176
Accrued interest payable
128,098 133,684
Other liabilities (amounts related to VIEs of $126,202 and $115,275 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
450,796 445,947
Total liabilities 18,137,324 17,833,785
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and par value amounts)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9)
Redeemable deferred stock units- 128,227 and 119,471 units outstanding at redemption value at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
9,535 8,383
Equity:
Stockholders’ equity attributable to BXP, Inc.:
Excess stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
- -
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
- -
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 158,253,895 and 157,019,766 issued and 158,174,995 and 156,940,866 outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
1,582 1,569
Additional paid-in capital
6,836,093 6,715,149
Dividends in excess of earnings (1,419,575) (816,152)
Treasury common stock at cost, 78,900 shares at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
(2,722) (2,722)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,072) (21,147)
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to BXP, Inc. 5,413,306 5,876,697
Noncontrolling interests:
Common units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership 591,270 666,580
Property partnerships 1,933,545 1,640,704
Total equity 7,938,121 8,183,981
Total liabilities and equity $ 26,084,980 $ 26,026,149
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Revenue
Lease $ 3,176,805 $ 3,054,673 $ 2,918,368
Parking and other 135,142 112,918 107,225
Hotel 51,224 47,357 39,482
Development and management services 28,060 40,850 28,056
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 15,450
Total revenue 3,407,719 3,273,569 3,108,581
Expenses
Operating
Rental 1,286,838 1,183,947 1,108,070
Hotel 35,288 32,225 27,478
General and administrative 159,983 170,158 146,378
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 16,488 17,771 15,450
Transaction costs 1,597 4,313 2,905
Depreciation and amortization 887,191 830,813 749,775
Total expenses 2,387,385 2,239,227 2,050,056
Other income (expense)
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (343,177) (239,543) (59,840)
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 437,019
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Interest and other income (loss) 60,199 69,964 11,940
Other income - assignment fee - - 6,624
Gains (losses) from investments in securities 4,416 5,556 (6,453)
Losses from interest rate contracts - (79) -
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investments 546 239 (150)
Impairment loss (13,615) - -
Interest expense (645,117) (579,572) (437,139)
Net income 84,188 291,424 1,020,584
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (67,516) (78,661) (74,857)
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership (2,400) (22,548) (96,780)
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 $ 190,215 $ 848,947
Basic earnings per common share attributable to BXP, Inc.
Net income $ 0.09 $ 1.21 $ 5.41
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 157,468 156,863 156,726
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to BXP, Inc.
Net income $ 0.09 $ 1.21 $ 5.40
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding
157,793 157,201 157,137
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net income $ 84,188 $ 291,424 $ 1,020,584
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Effective portion of interest rate contracts 9,202 (14,405) 19,396
Amortization of interest rate contracts (1) 12,618 6,703 6,707
Other comprehensive income (loss) 21,820 (7,702) 26,103
Comprehensive income 106,008 283,722 1,046,687
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (69,916) (101,209) (171,637)
Other comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (2,746) 274 (3,156)
Comprehensive income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 33,346 $ 182,787 $ 871,894
_______________
(1)Amounts reclassified from comprehensive income primarily to interest expense within BXP, Inc.’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Dividends in Excess of Earnings Treasury Stock,
at cost Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Noncontrolling Interests - Common Units Noncontrolling Interests - Property Partnerships Total
Shares Amount
Equity, December 31, 2021 156,545 $ 1,565 $ 6,497,730 $ (625,891) $ (2,722) $ (36,662) $ 642,655 $ 1,556,553 $ 8,033,228
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock 182 3 6,536 - - - (6,539) - -
Allocated net income for the period - - - 848,947 - - 96,780 74,857 1,020,584
Dividends/distributions declared - - - (614,412) - - (71,714) - (686,126)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan 10 - 1,036 - - - - - 1,036
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan 21 - 7,261 - - - 46,402 - 53,663
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - - - - 849 849
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - - - - (85,518) (85,518)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts - - - - - 17,435 1,961 - 19,396
Amortization of interest rate contracts - - - - - 5,509 622 576 6,707
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest - - 26,584 - - - (26,584) - -
Equity, December 31, 2022 156,758 1,568 6,539,147 (391,356) (2,722) (13,718) 683,583 1,547,317 8,363,819
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock 102 1 3,793 - - - (3,794) - -
Allocated net income for the period - - - 190,215 - - 22,548 78,661 291,424
Dividends/distributions declared - - - (615,011) - - (73,331) - (688,342)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan 19 - 1,156 - - - - - 1,156
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan 62 - 3,165 - - - 45,895 - 49,060
Proceeds from sale of interest in property partnerships and contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - 160,416 - - - - 84,125 244,541
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - - - - (69,975) (69,975)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts - - - - - (12,927) (1,478) - (14,405)
Amortization of interest rate contracts - - - - - 5,498 629 576 6,703
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest - - 7,472 - - - (7,472) - -
Equity, December 31, 2023 156,941 1,569 6,715,149 (816,152) (2,722) (21,147) 666,580 1,640,704 8,183,981
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in thousands)
Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Dividends in Excess of Earnings Treasury Stock,
at cost Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Noncontrolling Interests - Common Units Noncontrolling Interests - Property Partnerships Total
Shares Amount
Redemption of operating partnership units to common stock 1,147 13 40,551 - - - (40,564) - -
Allocated net income for the period - - - 14,272 - - 2,400 67,516 84,188
Dividends/distributions declared - - - (617,695) - - (73,485) - (691,180)
Shares issued pursuant to stock purchase plan 17 - 1,141 - - - - - 1,141
Net activity from stock option and incentive plan 70 - 4,516 - - - 34,815 - 39,331
Proceeds from sale of interest in property partnerships and contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - 74,091 - - - - 302,453 376,544
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - - - - (77,704) (77,704)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts - - - - - 8,262 940 - 9,202
Amortization of interest rate contracts - - - - - 10,813 1,229 576 12,618
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest - - 645 - - - (645) - -
Equity, December 31, 2024
158,175 $ 1,582 $ 6,836,093 $ (1,419,575) $ (2,722) $ (2,072) $ 591,270 $ 1,933,545 $ 7,938,121
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 84,188 $ 291,424 $ 1,020,584
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 887,191 830,813 749,775
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Amortization of right of use assets - operating leases 2,262 1,940 2,427
Amortization of sales type lease (992) - -
Non-cash compensation expense 43,949 51,478 52,026
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures 343,177 239,543 59,840
Distributions of net cash flow from operations of unconsolidated joint ventures 33,861 24,637 26,827
(Gains) losses from investments in securities (4,416) (5,556) 6,453
Allowance for current expected credit losses 78 373 (224)
Non-cash portion of interest expense 37,143 30,523 25,831
Other income - assignment fee - - (6,624)
Gains on sales of real estate (602) (517) (437,019)
Gain on sales-type lease - - (10,058)
Unrealized (gain) loss on non-real estate investments (546) (239) 150
Change in assets and liabilities:
Tenant and other receivables, net 13,716 (31,470) (7,621)
Notes receivable, net - - (152)
Accrued rental income, net (97,609) (99,539) (98,075)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (5,384) (7,336) 20,099
Right of use assets - operating lease (750) (25,640) -
Lease liabilities - operating leases (202) (121) 125
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (2,395) 41,696 (22,777)
Accrued interest payable (5,647) 29,910 8,989
Other liabilities 12,826 7,267 (24,120)
Tenant leasing costs (118,962) (77,666) (84,057)
Total adjustments 1,150,313 1,010,096 261,815
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,234,501 1,301,520 1,282,399
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate (35,366) - (1,320,273)
Construction in progress (651,346) (525,963) (500,273)
Building and other capital improvements (189,667) (171,424) (177,004)
Tenant improvements (258,312) (310,925) (218,685)
Proceeds from sales of real estate 602 517 834,770
Acquisition of real estate upon consolidation of unconsolidated joint ventures (net of cash) 6,086 (13,155) -
Proceeds from assignment fee - - 6,624
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures (132,096) (192,650) (277,581)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures 28,325 32,787 37,122
Investment in non-real estate investments (2,500) (2,187) (2,404)
Issuance of note receivables (including related party) (3,258) (12,177) -
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Proceeds from notes receivable - - 10,000
Investments in securities, net 136 1,496 4,902
Net cash used in investing activities (1,237,396) (1,193,681) (1,602,802)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable - 600,000 -
Repayments of mortgage notes payable (4,780) - -
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes 849,671 747,727 749,557
Repayment / redemption of unsecured senior notes (700,000) (500,000) -
Borrowings on unsecured line of credit - - 985,000
Repayments of unsecured line of credit - - (1,130,000)
Borrowings on unsecured term loans - 1,200,000 730,000
Payments on finance lease obligations (12,547) - -
Repayment of unsecured term loans (500,000) (730,000) -
Borrowings on commercial paper program 5,363,333 - -
Repayments on commercial paper program (4,863,333) - -
Deferred financing costs (12,235) (19,416) (8,460)
Net activity from equity transactions (1,731) 367 (352)
Dividends and distributions (689,870) (687,809) (685,019)
Proceeds from sale of interest in property partnerships and contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 374,720 227,022 849
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (77,704) (69,975) (85,518)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (274,476) 767,916 556,057
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows (277,371) 875,755 235,654
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period 1,612,567 736,812 501,158
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period $ 1,335,196 $ 1,612,567 $ 736,812
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows:
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period $ 1,531,477 $ 690,333 $ 452,692
Cash held in escrows, beginning of period 81,090 46,479 48,466
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period $ 1,612,567 $ 736,812 $ 501,158
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 1,254,882 $ 1,531,477 $ 690,333
Cash held in escrows, end of period 80,314 81,090 46,479
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period $ 1,335,196 $ 1,612,567 $ 736,812
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) $ 676,067 $ 553,989 $ 449,903
Interest capitalized $ 41,976 $ 42,633 $ 52,130
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate $ (112,074) $ (135,093) $ (119,534)
Change in real estate included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $ (50,891) $ 3,668 $ 97,586
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities - operating lease $ 30,631 $ 141,179 $ -
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities - finance lease $ - $ 163,056 $ -
BXP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Lease liability - finance lease reversal for re-assessment event $ (38,491) $ - $ -
Right of use asset - finance lease reversal for re-assessment event $ (28,962) $ - $ -
Non-cash contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships, net $ 92,631 $ 17,519 $ -
Capitalized operating lease costs $ 30,195 $ 12,580 $ -
Construction in progress from prepaid expenses and other assets $ - $ 25,577 $ -
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures eliminated upon consolidation $ (11,834) $ 183,817 $ -
Mortgage note payable recorded upon consolidation $ 207,093 $ 300,000 $ -
Mortgage note payable converted to unsecured term loan $ 100,000 $ - $ -
Real estate and intangibles recorded upon consolidation $ (220,015) $ (490,720) $ -
Interest rate contracts recorded upon consolidation $ - $ (7,337) $ -
Construction in progress, net deconsolidated $ - $ - $ (11,316)
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures recorded upon deconsolidation $ - $ - $ 11,316
Sales-type lease origination $ - $ - $ 13,045
Derecognition of assets in exchange for sales-type lease obligation $ - $ - $ (2,987)
Dividends and distributions declared but not paid $ 172,486 $ 171,176 $ 170,643
Conversions of noncontrolling interests to stockholders’ equity $ 40,564 $ 3,794 $ 6,539
Issuance of restricted securities to employees and non-employee directors $ 43,360 $ 48,141 $ 48,417
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting
Management of BXP, Inc., the sole general partner of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of BXP, Inc. to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As of the end of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s 2024 fiscal year, management conducted assessments of the effectiveness of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on these assessments, management has determined that Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 was effective.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of BXP, Inc.; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
The effectiveness of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report appearing on page 116, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Partners of Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of capital and noncontrolling interests and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Partnership as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Partnership maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Partnership’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements and on the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Impairment Assessment of Long-Lived Assets and Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
As described in Notes 2, 3, and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Partnership’s total real estate balance was $20,814.2 million and its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures was $1,060.1 million as of December 31, 2024. During 2024, the Partnership recognized a $13.6 million impairment loss related to a long-lived asset and a $341.3 million other-than-temporary impairment loss related to certain investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. Management reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in the operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. Management reviews its unconsolidated joint ventures for indicators of impairment on a quarterly basis and records impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. This evaluation of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. Management will record an impairment charge if it determines that a decline in the fair value below the carrying amount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value of unconsolidated joint ventures is calculated using a discounted cash flow model which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, market interest rates and availability, discount rates, and capitalization rates.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the assessment of impairment indicators for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management (a) in identifying the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and (b) when developing the fair value estimate of the investment in unconsolidated joint venture with an other- than- temporary impairment, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to (a) management's identification of the indicators of impairment related to the operating performance and anticipated hold periods for long-lived assets and the performance of each investment and market conditions for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and (b) management’s assumptions related to future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates (collectively referred to as “the significant fair value assumptions”), and (iii) the audit effort related to management’s development of the fair value estimate of the investment in unconsolidated joint venture with an other-than-temporary impairment involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to (i) the identification of the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and (ii) developing the fair value estimate of the unconsolidated investment in joint venture with an other-than-temporary impairment. For the identification of the indicators of impairment, these procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management's process for identifying the indicators of impairment for long-lived assets and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, (ii) evaluating the
reasonableness of the models, (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the models, and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of management’s indicators of impairment related to the operating performance and anticipated hold periods for long-lived assets and the performance of each investment and market conditions for investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. Evaluating the operating performance and anticipated hold periods involved considering the current and past performance of the long-lived assets, the consistency with external market and industry data, and whether the indicators were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Evaluating performance of each investment and market conditions involved considering changes in the performance of the investments and market conditions and evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. For the fair value estimate of the unconsolidated investment in joint venture with an other-than-temporary decline, these procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the investment in unconsolidated joint venture relating to the other-than-temporary impairment, (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of management’s discounted cash flow model, (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the model, and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant fair value assumptions used by management by considering industry knowledge and data, historical company data, and evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and reasonableness of the significant fair value assumptions.
Purchase Price Allocation for Long-Lived Asset Property Acquisitions
As described in Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Partnership acquired its joint venture partner’s interest in a property for a purchase price of $10.0 million and a property for a gross purchase price of $35.0 million. Management assesses the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings and improvements, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, leasing costs and assumed financing origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities (including ground leases)) and allocates the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land and buildings as if vacant. Management assesses fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount, and/or capitalization rates, and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the purchase price allocation for long-lived asset property acquisitions is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management in developing the fair value estimates of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the corresponding purchase price allocation, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s significant assumptions related to discount rates and capitalization rates, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the purchase price allocation for the long-lived asset property acquisition, including controls over the assumptions related to discount rate and capitalization rate used to determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the corresponding purchase price allocation. These procedures also included, among others, (i) reading the purchase agreements and leasing documents for the acquisition, (ii) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and the corresponding purchase price allocation, (iii) evaluating the appropriateness of management’s discounted cash flow method, (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the method, and, (v) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management, related to the discount rate, capitalization rate, land value per square foot and future capital requirements by considering industry knowledge and data as well as historical company data and experience. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model and reasonableness of the discount rate and capitalization rate assumptions.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 27, 2025
We have served as the Partnership’s auditor since 1997.
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for unit amounts)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Real estate, at cost (amounts related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of $7,797,430 and $7,054,075 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
$ 27,504,358 $ 26,382,944
Right of use assets - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $21,000 and $21,000 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
372,922 401,680
Right of use assets - operating leases (amounts related to VIEs of $140,558 and $158,885 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
334,767 324,298
Less: accumulated depreciation (amounts related to VIEs of $(1,628,274) and $(1,501,483) at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
(7,397,882) (6,758,361)
Total real estate 20,814,165 20,350,561
Cash and cash equivalents (amounts related to VIEs of $373,737 and $245,317 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
1,254,882 1,531,477
Cash held in escrows (amounts related to VIEs of $4,979 and $22,160 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
80,314 81,090
Investments in securities 39,706 36,337
Tenant and other receivables, net (amounts related to VIEs of $20,435 and $27,987 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
107,453 122,407
Note receivable, net 4,947 1,714
Related party notes receivables, net 88,779 88,779
Sales-type lease receivable, net 14,657 13,704
Accrued rental income, net (amounts related to VIEs of $435,110 and $401,159 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
1,466,220 1,355,212
Deferred charges, net (amounts related to VIEs of $211,726 and $175,383 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
813,345 760,421
Prepaid expenses and other assets (amounts related to VIEs of $15,036 and $11,824 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
70,839 64,230
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures 1,093,583 1,377,319
Total assets $ 25,848,890 $ 25,783,251
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net (amounts related to VIEs of $3,282,027 and $3,277,185 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
$ 4,276,609 $ 4,166,379
Unsecured senior notes, net 10,645,077 10,491,617
Unsecured line of credit - -
Unsecured term loans, net 798,813 1,198,301
Unsecured commercial paper 500,000 -
Lease liabilities - finance leases (amounts related to VIEs of $20,931 and $20,794 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
370,885 417,961
Lease liabilities - operating leases (amounts related to VIEs of $157,691 and $145,826 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
392,686 350,391
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (amounts related to VIEs of $115,808 and $59,667 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
401,874 458,329
Dividends and distributions payable 172,486 171,176
Accrued interest payable
128,098 133,684
Other liabilities (amounts related to VIEs of $126,202 and $115,275 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
450,796 445,947
Total liabilities 18,137,324 17,833,785
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for unit amounts)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9)
Redeemable deferred stock units- 128,227 and 119,471 units outstanding at redemption value at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
9,535 8,383
Noncontrolling interests:
Redeemable partnership units- 15,730,882 and 16,508,277 common units and 2,335,229 and 2,065,861 long term incentive units outstanding at redemption value at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
1,378,573 1,347,575
Capital:
Boston Properties Limited Partnership partners’ capital- 1,762,411 and 1,755,150 general partner units and 156,412,584 and 155,185,716 limited partner units outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively
4,391,985 4,973,951
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,072) (21,147)
Total partners’ capital 4,389,913 4,952,804
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 1,933,545 1,640,704
Total capital 6,323,458 6,593,508
Total liabilities and capital $ 25,848,890 $ 25,783,251
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Revenue
Lease $ 3,176,805 $ 3,054,673 $ 2,918,368
Parking and other 135,142 112,918 107,225
Hotel 51,224 47,357 39,482
Development and management services 28,060 40,850 28,056
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 15,450
Total revenue 3,407,719 3,273,569 3,108,581
Expenses
Operating
Rental 1,286,838 1,183,947 1,108,070
Hotel 35,288 32,225 27,478
General and administrative 159,983 170,158 146,378
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts 16,488 17,771 15,450
Transaction costs 1,597 4,313 2,905
Depreciation and amortization 880,383 823,805 742,293
Total expenses 2,380,577 2,232,219 2,042,574
Other income (expense)
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures (343,177) (239,543) (59,840)
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 441,075
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Interest and other income (loss) 60,199 69,964 11,940
Other income - assignment fee - - 6,624
Gains (losses) from investments in securities 4,416 5,556 (6,453)
Losses from interest rate contracts - (79) -
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investments 546 239 (150)
Impairment loss (13,615) - -
Interest expense (645,117) (579,572) (437,139)
Net income 90,996 298,432 1,032,122
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (67,516) (78,661) (74,857)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 23,480 $ 219,771 $ 957,265
Basic earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Net income $ 0.13 $ 1.26 $ 5.48
Weighted average number of common units outstanding 175,390 174,796 174,360
Diluted earnings per common unit attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Net income $ 0.13 $ 1.25 $ 5.47
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent units outstanding
175,715 175,134 174,771
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Net income $ 90,996 $ 298,432 $ 1,032,122
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Effective portion of interest rate contracts 9,202 (14,405) 19,396
Amortization of interest rate contracts (1) 12,618 6,703 6,707
Other comprehensive income (loss) 21,820 (7,702) 26,103
Comprehensive income 112,816 290,730 1,058,225
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (68,092) (79,237) (75,433)
Comprehensive income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 44,724 $ 211,493 $ 982,792
_______________
(1)Amounts reclassified from comprehensive income primarily to interest expense within Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(in thousands)
Units Capital
General Partner Limited Partner Partners’ Capital (General and Limited Partners) Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss Noncontrolling
Interests - Property Partnerships Total Capital Noncontrolling Interests - Redeemable Partnership Units
Equity, December 31, 2021 1,746 154,799 $ 4,173,290 $ (36,662) $ 1,556,553 $ 5,693,181 $ 2,078,603
Net activity from contributions and unearned compensation 1 30 8,291 - - 8,291 46,408
Allocated net income for the period - - 860,485 - 74,857 935,342 96,780
Distributions - - (614,412) - - (614,412) (71,714)
Conversion of redeemable partnership units 3 179 6,539 - - 6,539 (6,539)
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value - - 865,235 - - 865,235 (865,235)
Effective portion of interest rate contracts - - - 17,435 - 17,435 1,961
Amortization of interest rate contracts - - - 5,509 576 6,085 622
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - 849 849 -
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - (85,518) (85,518) -
Equity, December 31, 2022 1,750 155,008 5,299,428 (13,718) 1,547,317 6,833,027 1,280,886
Net activity from contributions and unearned compensation 5 75 4,321 - - 4,321 45,895
Allocated net income for the period - - 197,223 - 78,661 275,884 22,548
Distributions - - (615,011) - - (615,011) (73,331)
Conversion of redeemable partnership units - 102 3,794 - - 3,794 (3,794)
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value - - (76,220) - - (76,220) 76,220
Effective portion of interest rate contracts - - - (12,927) - (12,927) (1,478)
Amortization of interest rate contracts - - - 5,498 576 6,074 629
Proceeds from sale of interest in property partnerships and contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - 160,416 - 84,125 244,541 -
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - (69,975) (69,975) -
Equity, December 31, 2023 1,755 155,185 4,973,951 (21,147) 1,640,704 6,593,508 1,347,575
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(in thousands)
Units Capital
General Partner Limited Partner Partners’ Capital (General and Limited Partners) Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss Noncontrolling
Interests - Property Partnerships Total Capital Noncontrolling Interests - Redeemable Partnership Units
Net activity from contributions and unearned compensation 5 82 5,657 - - 5,657 34,815
Allocated net income for the period - - 21,080 - 67,516 88,596 2,400
Distributions - - (617,695) - - (617,695) (73,485)
Conversion of redeemable partnership units 2 1,146 40,564 - - 40,564 (40,564)
Adjustment to reflect redeemable partnership units at redemption value - - (105,663) - - (105,663) 105,663
Effective portion of interest rate contracts - - - 8,262 - 8,262 940
Amortization of interest rate contracts - - - 10,813 576 11,389 1,229
Proceeds from sale of interest in property partnerships and contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - 74,091 - 302,453 376,544 -
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships - - - - (77,704) (77,704) -
Equity, December 31, 2024
1,762 156,413 $ 4,391,985 $ (2,072) $ 1,933,545 $ 6,323,458 $ 1,378,573
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 90,996 $ 298,432 $ 1,032,122
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 880,383 823,805 742,293
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Amortization of right of use assets - operating leases 2,262 1,940 2,427
Amortization of sales type lease (992) - -
Non-cash compensation expense 43,949 51,478 52,026
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures 343,177 239,543 59,840
Distributions of net cash flow from operations of unconsolidated joint ventures 33,861 24,637 26,827
(Gains) losses from investments in securities (4,416) (5,556) 6,453
Allowance for current expected credit losses 78 373 (224)
Non-cash portion of interest expense 37,143 30,523 25,831
Other income - assignment fee - - (6,624)
Gains on sales of real estate (602) (517) (441,075)
Gain on sales-type lease - - (10,058)
Unrealized (gain) loss on non-real estate investments (546) (239) 150
Change in assets and liabilities:
Tenant and other receivables, net 13,716 (31,470) (7,621)
Note receivable, net - - (152)
Accrued rental income, net (97,609) (99,539) (98,075)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (5,384) (7,336) 20,099
Right of use assets - operating lease (750) (25,640) -
Lease liabilities - operating leases (202) (121) 125
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (2,395) 41,696 (22,777)
Accrued interest payable (5,647) 29,910 8,989
Other liabilities 12,826 7,267 (24,120)
Tenant leasing costs (118,962) (77,666) (84,057)
Total adjustments 1,143,505 1,003,088 250,277
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,234,501 1,301,520 1,282,399
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate (35,366) - (1,320,273)
Construction in progress (651,346) (525,963) (500,273)
Building and other capital improvements (189,667) (171,424) (177,004)
Tenant improvements (258,312) (310,925) (218,685)
Proceeds from sales of real estate 602 517 834,770
Acquisition of real estate upon consolidation of unconsolidated joint ventures (net of cash) 6,086 (13,155) -
Proceeds from assignment fee - - 6,624
Capital contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures (132,096) (192,650) (277,581)
Capital distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures 28,325 32,787 37,122
Investment in non-real estate investments (2,500) (2,187) (2,404)
Issuance of note receivables (including related party) (3,258) (12,177) -
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Proceeds from notes receivable - - 10,000
Investments in securities, net 136 1,496 4,902
Net cash used in investing activities (1,237,396) (1,193,681) (1,602,802)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable - 600,000 -
Repayments of mortgage notes payable (4,780) - -
Proceeds from unsecured senior notes 849,671 747,727 749,557
Repayment / redemption of unsecured senior notes (700,000) (500,000) -
Borrowings on unsecured line of credit - - 985,000
Repayments of unsecured line of credit - - (1,130,000)
Borrowings on unsecured term loan - 1,200,000 730,000
Payments on finance lease obligations (12,547) - -
Repayment of unsecured term loan (500,000) (730,000) -
Borrowings on commercial paper program 5,363,333 - -
Repayments on commercial paper program (4,863,333) - -
Deferred financing costs (12,235) (19,416) (8,460)
Net activity from equity transactions (1,731) 367 (352)
Distributions (689,870) (687,809) (685,019)
Proceeds from sale of interest in property partnerships and contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 374,720 227,022 849
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (77,704) (69,975) (85,518)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (274,476) 767,916 556,057
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows (277,371) 875,755 235,654
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period 1,612,567 736,812 501,158
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period $ 1,335,196 $ 1,612,567 $ 736,812
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows:
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period $ 1,531,477 $ 690,333 $ 452,692
Cash held in escrows, beginning of period 81,090 46,479 48,466
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, beginning of period $ 1,612,567 $ 736,812 $ 501,158
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 1,254,882 $ 1,531,477 $ 690,333
Cash held in escrows, end of period 80,314 81,090 46,479
Cash and cash equivalents and cash held in escrows, end of period $ 1,335,196 $ 1,612,567 $ 736,812
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) $ 676,067 $ 553,989 $ 449,903
Interest capitalized $ 41,976 $ 42,633 $ 52,130
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Write-off of fully depreciated real estate $ (112,074) $ (133,844) $ (119,534)
Change in real estate included in accounts payable and accrued expenses $ (50,891) $ 3,668 $ 97,586
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities - operating lease $ 30,631 $ 141,179 $ -
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities - finance lease $ - $ 163,056 $ -
BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Lease liability - finance lease reversal for re-assessment event $ (38,491) $ - $ -
Right of use asset - finance lease reversal for re-assessment event $ (28,962) $ - $ -
Non-cash contributions from noncontrolling interests in property partnerships, net $ 92,631 $ 17,519 $ -
Capitalized operating lease costs $ 30,195 $ 12,580 $ -
Construction in progress from prepaid expenses and other assets $ - $ 25,577 $ -
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures eliminated upon consolidation $ (11,834) $ 183,817 $ -
Mortgage notes payable recorded upon consolidation $ 207,093 $ 300,000 $ -
Mortgage note payable converted to unsecured term loan $ 100,000 $ - $ -
Real estate and intangibles recorded upon consolidation $ (220,015) $ (490,720) $ -
Interest rate swaps recorded upon consolidation $ - $ (7,337) $ -
Construction in progress, net deconsolidated $ - $ - $ (11,316)
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures recorded upon deconsolidation $ - $ - $ 11,316
Sales-type lease origination $ - $ - $ 13,045
Derecognition of assets in exchange for sales-type lease obligation $ - $ - $ (2,987)
Distributions declared but not paid $ 172,486 $ 171,176 $ 170,643
Conversions of redeemable partnership units to partners’ capital $ 40,564 $ 3,794 $ 6,539
Issuance of restricted securities to employees and non-employee directors $ 43,360 $ 48,141 $ 48,417
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BXP, INC. AND BOSTON PROPERTIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization
BXP is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT. BXP is the sole general partner of BPLP, its operating partnership, and at December 31, 2024, owned an approximate 89.7% (89.4% at December 31, 2023) general and limited partnership interest in BPLP. Unless stated otherwise or the context requires, the “Company” refers to BXP and its subsidiaries, including BPLP and its consolidated subsidiaries. Partnership interests in BPLP include:
•common units of partnership interest (also referred to as “OP Units”) and
•long term incentive units of partnership interest (also referred to as “LTIP Units”)
Unless specifically noted otherwise, all references to OP Units exclude units held by BXP. A holder of an OP Unit may present the OP Unit to BPLP for redemption at any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of OP Units to particular holders that may restrict such redemption right for a period of time, generally one year from issuance). Upon presentation of an OP Unit for redemption, BPLP is obligated to redeem the OP Unit for cash equal to the value of a share of common stock of BXP (“Common Stock”). In lieu of such cash redemption, BXP may elect to acquire the OP Unit for one share of Common Stock. Because the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at all times equals the number of OP Units that BXP owns, one share of Common Stock is generally the economic equivalent of one OP Unit, and the quarterly distribution that may be paid to the holder of an OP Unit equals the quarterly dividend that may be paid to the holder of a share of Common Stock.
The Company uses LTIP Units as a form of time-based, restricted equity compensation and as a form of performance-based equity compensation for employees, and it has previously granted LTIP Units in the form of (1) 2012 outperformance plan awards (“2012 OPP Units”) and (2) 2013 - 2024 multi-year, long-term incentive program awards (also referred to as “MYLTIP Units”), each of which, upon the satisfaction of certain performance-based and time-based vesting conditions, is convertible into one OP Unit. The three-year measurement periods for the 2012 OPP Units and the 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units have ended and BXP’s total stockholder return (“TSR”) was sufficient for employees to earn and therefore become eligible to vest in a portion of the awards. Unless and until they are earned, the rights, preferences and privileges of the 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units differ from other LTIP Units granted to employees (including the 2012 OPP Units and the 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units, which have been earned). Therefore, unless specifically noted otherwise, all references to LTIP Units exclude the 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units. LTIP Units (including the earned 2012 OPP Units and the earned 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units), whether vested or not, receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as OP Units, which equal per share dividends on Common Stock (See Notes 10, 15 and 17).
Properties
At December 31, 2024, the Company owned or had joint venture interests in a portfolio of 185 commercial real estate properties (the “Properties”) aggregating approximately 53.3 million net rentable square feet of primarily office properties, including seven properties under construction/redevelopment totaling approximately 2.3 million net rentable square feet. At December 31, 2024, the Properties consisted of:
•163 office and life sciences properties (including five properties under construction/redevelopment);
•14 retail properties (including one property under construction);
•seven residential properties (including one property under construction); and
•one hotel.
All references to acres and square feet in the Notes are unaudited.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented using the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). BXP does not have any other significant assets, liabilities or operations, other than its investment in BPLP, nor does it have employees of its own. BPLP, not BXP, generally executes all significant business relationships other than transactions involving securities of BXP. All majority-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures over which the Company has financial and operating control and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary are included in the consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany balances
and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company accounts for all other unconsolidated joint ventures using the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, the Company’s share of the earnings of these joint ventures and companies is included in consolidated net income.
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
Consolidated VIEs are those for which the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has a controlling financial interest in the VIE, which is defined by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the VIE’s performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive the returns from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The assets of each VIE are only available to satisfy such VIE's respective liabilities. The Company has identified nine entities that are VIEs as of December 31, 2024 and has determined that it is the primary beneficiary for all of these entities as of December 31, 2024.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
As of December 31, 2024, BXP has identified nine consolidated VIEs, including BPLP. Excluding BPLP, the consolidated VIEs consisted of (i) the following six in-service properties: 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building), 7 Times Square (formerly Times Square Tower), 601 Lexington Avenue, Atlantic Wharf Office Building, 100 Federal Street and 300 Binney Street, (ii) 343 Madison Avenue, which is categorized as land held for future development and (iii) 290 Binney Street, which is currently under development.
The Company consolidates these VIEs because it is the primary beneficiary. The third parties’ interests in these consolidated entities (excluding BPLP’s interest) are reflected as noncontrolling interests in property partnerships in the accompanying consolidated financial statements (See Note 10).
In addition, BXP’s only significant asset is its investment in BPLP and, consequently, substantially all of BXP’s assets and liabilities are the assets and liabilities of BPLP.
Variable Interest Entities Not Consolidated
As of December 31, 2024, the Company does not have any unconsolidated joint ventures that are classified as VIEs.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Real Estate
Upon acquisitions of real estate, the Company assesses whether the transaction should be accounted for as an asset acquisition or as a business combination by applying a screen to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The Company’s acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate generally will not meet the definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e. land, buildings, and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay.
The Company assesses the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, leasing and assumed financing origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities (including ground leases)) and allocates the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land and buildings as if vacant. The Company assesses fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates that it deems appropriate, as well as available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. The Company also considers an allocation of purchase price of other acquired intangibles, including acquired in-place leases that may have a customer relationship intangible value, including (but not limited to) the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the tenants, the tenants’ credit quality and expectations of lease
renewals. Based on its acquisitions to date, the Company’s allocation to customer relationship intangible assets has been immaterial.
The Company records acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. Acquired “above-” and “below-market” lease values have been reflected within Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets and Other Liabilities, respectively, in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on the Company’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, the Company considers leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
Management reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment following the end of each quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. This evaluation of long-lived assets is dependent on a number of factors, including when there is an event or adverse change in the operating performance of the long-lived asset or a current expectation that, it is more likely than not, that a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life or hold period. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding anticipated hold periods, future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, discount rates and capitalization rates. Any or all of such assumptions could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Because cash flows on properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset may be impaired, the Company’s established strategy of holding properties over the long term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If the Company’s hold strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate a shorter hold, an impairment loss may be recognized, and such loss could be material. If the Company determines that an impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value. At March 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the expected hold period for a portion of its Shady Grove property, consisting of 2 Choke Cherry Road, 2094 Gaither Road and a land parcel, located in Rockville, Maryland. Based on a shorter-than-expected hold period, the Company reduced the carrying value of a portion of the property that the Company anticipates selling to a third-party developer to its estimated fair value at March 31, 2024. As a result, each of BXP and BPLP recognized an impairment loss of approximately $13.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 (See Note 3).
Guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360 “Property Plant and Equipment” requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the property operations are expected to be eliminated and the Company will not have significant continuing involvement following the sale. Discontinued operations presentation applies only to disposals representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results (e.g., a disposal of a major geographical area, a major line of business, a major equity method investment or other major parts of an entity). The components of the property’s net income that are reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured loan). The Company generally considers assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by BXP’s Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale, such that a sale of the property within one year is considered probable. Following the classification of a property as “held for sale,” no further depreciation is recorded on the assets, and the asset is written down to the lower of carrying value or fair market value, less cost to sell.
Real estate is stated at depreciated cost. A variety of costs are incurred in the acquisition, development and leasing of properties. The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase price of property, legal fees and other acquisition costs. The Company capitalizes acquisition costs that it incurs to effect an asset acquisition and expenses acquisition costs that it incurs to effect a business combination, including legal, due diligence and other closing related costs. Costs directly related to the development of properties are capitalized. Capitalized
development costs include interest, internal wages, property taxes, insurance, and other project costs incurred during the period of development. After the determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the specific component of the project that benefited from the investment. Determination of when a development project commences and capitalization begins, and when a development project is substantially complete and held available for occupancy and capitalization must cease, involves a degree of judgment. The Company’s capitalization policy on development properties follows the guidance in ASC 835-20 “Capitalization of Interest” and ASC 970 “Real Estate-General.” The costs of land and buildings under development include specifically identifiable costs.
Capitalized costs include pre-construction costs necessary to the development of the property, development costs (including architectural, engineering and design costs), construction costs, interest costs, real estate taxes, salaries and related costs and other costs incurred during the period of development. The Company begins the capitalization of costs during the pre-construction period, which it defines as activities that are necessary for the development of the property. The Company considers a construction project as substantially complete and held available for occupancy upon the completion of tenant improvements, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. The Company ceases capitalization on the portion (1) substantially completed, (2) occupied or held available for occupancy, and capitalizes only those costs associated with the portion under construction or (3) if activities necessary for the development of the property have been suspended. Interest costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $42.0 million, $42.6 million and $52.1 million, respectively. Salaries and related costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $17.2 million, $16.1 million and $16.1 million, respectively.
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Significant betterments are capitalized. When assets are sold or retired, their costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts with the resulting gains or losses reflected in net income or loss for the period.
The Company computes depreciation and amortization on properties using the straight-line method based on estimated useful asset lives. The Company allocates the acquisition cost of real estate to its components and depreciates or amortizes these assets (or liabilities) over their useful lives. The amortization of acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases and acquired in-place leases is recorded as an adjustment to revenue and depreciation and amortization, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Land improvements 25 to 40 years
Buildings and improvements 10 to 40 years
Tenant improvements Shorter of useful life or terms of related lease
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 3 to 10 years
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major commercial banks which may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit of $250,000.
Cash Held in Escrows
Escrows include amounts established pursuant to various agreements for security deposits, property taxes, insurance and other costs. Escrows also include cash held by qualified intermediaries for possible investments in like-kind exchanges in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”), in connection with sales of the Company’s properties.
Investments in Securities
The Company accounts for investments in equity securities at fair value, with gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value recognized currently in earnings. The Company maintains deferred compensation plans that are designed to allow officers and non-employee directors of BXP to defer a portion of the officer’s current income or the non-employee director’s current compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer or non-employee director. The Company’s obligation under the plans is that of an unsecured promise to pay the deferred compensation to the plan participants in the future. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had maintained approximately $39.4
million and $36.1 million, respectively, in separate accounts, that are not restricted as to their use. The Company recognized gains (losses) of approximately $4.4 million, $5.6 million and $(6.5) million on its investments in the accounts associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plans during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company follows ASC 320, ”Investment-Debt and Equity Securities” (“ASC 320”) which requires that debt and equity securities be classified into one of three categories: held to maturity, trading securities or available for sale. At December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding three-month United States Treasury Bills with a maturity date of January 30, 2024 that were classified as held to maturity because the Company determined that it had the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Because these securities were considered a short-term investment, they are reflected at amortized cost within Cash and Cash Equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of these securities was approximately $302.7 million. There were no such securities outstanding at December 31, 2024.
Non-Real Estate Investments
The Company measures its investments in non-real estate investments, which are primarily environmentally focused investment funds, at the readily determinable fair value of the investment. Changes in the fair value of these non-real estate investments are included in unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s investment in non-real estate investments is shown within Prepaid and Other Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and was approximately $7.1 million and $4.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognized a net unrealized gain (loss) of approximately $0.5 million, $0.2 million and $(0.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to the observable changes in fair value.
Tenant and Other Receivables
Tenant and other accounts receivable, other than accrued rents receivable, are expected to be collected within one year.
Notes Receivables
The Company accounts for notes receivables at their unamortized cost, net of any unamortized deferred fees or costs, premiums or discounts and an allowance for credit losses. Loan fees and direct costs associated with loans originated by the Company are deferred and amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the note as interest income.
Deferred Charges
Deferred charges include leasing costs and certain financing fees. Leasing costs include acquired intangible in-place lease values and direct and incremental fees and costs incurred in the successful negotiation of leases, including brokerage and other costs which have been deferred and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Unamortized leasing costs are charged to expense upon the early termination of the lease. Fully amortized deferred leasing costs are removed from the books upon the expiration of the lease. Financing fees included in deferred charges consist of external fees and costs incurred to obtain the Company’s revolving facility and commercial paper and if applicable, unsecured term loans and construction financing arrangements where there are not sufficient amounts outstanding to report the fees net of the debt liability. Such financing costs have been deferred and are being amortized over the terms of the respective financing and included within interest expense. Unamortized financing costs are charged to expense upon the early repayment or significant modification of the financing. Fully amortized deferred financing costs are removed from the books upon the maturity of the debt.
External fees and costs incurred to obtain mortgage financings and unsecured senior notes have been deferred and are presented as direct deductions from the carrying amounts of the corresponding debt liability. Such financing costs are being amortized over the terms of the respective financing and included within interest expense. Unamortized financing costs are charged to expense upon the early repayment or significant modification of the financing.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The Company consolidates VIEs in which it is considered to be the primary beneficiary. VIEs are entities in which the equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their endeavors without additional financial support or that the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have substantive participating rights. The primary beneficiary is defined by the entity having both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the variable interest entity’s performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive the returns from the variable interest entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For ventures that are not VIEs, the Company consolidates entities for which it has significant decision making control over the ventures’ operations. The Company’s judgment with respect to its level of influence or control of an entity involves the consideration of various factors including the form of the Company’s ownership interest, its representation in the entity’s governance, the size of its investment (including loans), estimates of future cash flows, its ability to participate in policy making decisions and the rights of the other investors to participate in the decision making process and to replace the Company as manager and/or liquidate the venture, if applicable. The Company’s assessment of its influence or control over an entity affects the presentation of these investments in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In addition to evaluating control rights, the Company consolidates entities in which the outside partner has no substantive kick-out rights to remove the Company as the managing member.
Accounts of the consolidated entity are included in the accounts of the Company and the noncontrolling interest is reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of equity or in temporary equity between liabilities and equity. Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are recorded initially at cost, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on the balance sheet and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized as an adjustment to equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures over the life of the related asset. Under the equity method of accounting, the net equity investment of the Company is reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the Company’s share of net income or loss from the joint ventures is included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The joint venture agreements may designate different percentage allocations among investors for profits and losses; however, the Company’s recognition of joint venture income or loss generally follows the joint venture’s distribution priorities, which may change upon the achievement of certain investment return thresholds. The Company may account for cash distributions in excess of its investment in an unconsolidated joint venture as income when the Company is not the general partner in a limited partnership and when the Company has neither the requirement nor the intent to provide financial support to the joint venture. The Company classifies distributions received from equity method investees within its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows using the nature of the distribution approach, which classifies the distributions received on the basis of the nature of the activity or activities of the investee that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as cash inflows from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as cash inflows from investing activities).
The Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are reviewed for indicators of impairment on a quarterly basis and the Company records impairment charges when events or circumstances change indicating that a decline in the fair values below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. This evaluation of the investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. The Company will record an impairment charge if it determines that a decline in the fair value below the carrying amount of an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture is other-than-temporary. The fair value is calculated using discounted cash flows which is subjective and considers assumptions regarding future occupancy, future rental rates, future capital requirements, debt interest rates and availability, discount rates and capitalization rates that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on its investments in three, four and one joint ventures, respectively, totaling approximately $341.3 million, $272.6 million and $50.7 million, respectively. For a description of the other-than-temporary impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2024, see Note 6.
To the extent that the Company contributed assets to a joint venture, the Company’s investment in the joint venture was recorded at the Company’s fair value basis in the assets that were contributed to the joint venture. To the extent that the Company’s fair value basis is different than the basis reflected at the joint venture level, the basis difference is amortized over the life of the related asset and included in the Company’s share of equity in net income of the joint venture. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 610-20 “Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets” (“ASC 610-20”), the Company will recognize a full gain on both the retained and sold portions
of real estate contributed or sold to a joint venture by recognizing its new equity method investment interest at fair value.
The combined summarized financial information of the unconsolidated joint ventures is disclosed in Note 6.
Revenue Recognition
In general, the Company commences lease/rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. Contractual lease/rental revenue is reported on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Therefore, the Company recognizes non-cash revenue each reporting period (i.e., the sum of all contractual lease/rental payments due over the term of the lease divided by the number of years in the term). The impact of the straight-line rent adjustment increased revenue by approximately $105.6 million, $99.1 million and $108.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as the lease/rental revenue recorded exceeded amounts billed. Accrued rental income, as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, represents cumulative lease/rental income earned in excess of rent payments received pursuant to the terms of the individual lease agreements.
The Company must estimate the collectability of its accrued rent and accounts receivable balances related to lease revenue. When evaluating the collectability of tenants’ accrued rent and accounts receivable balances, management considers tenants’ creditworthiness, public statements made by the tenant, current economic trends and changes in tenants’ payment patterns, on a lease-by-lease basis. The Company writes-off the tenant’s receivable balance, including the accrued rent receivable, if the Company considers the balances no longer probable of collection. In addition, tenants in bankruptcy are analyzed and considerations are made in connection with the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims. If the Company deems the balances no longer probable of collection, the Company writes them off and ceases recognizing lease income, including straight-line rent, unless cash is received. Following a write-off, if (1) the Company subsequently determines that it is probable it will collect substantially all the remaining lessee’s lease payments under the lease term and (2) the lease has not been modified since the write-off, the Company will then reinstate the accrued rent and accounts receivable write-offs, adjusting for the amount related to the period when the lease payments were considered not probable of collection. If the Company’s estimates of collectability differs from the cash received, then the timing and amount of the Company’s reported revenue could be impacted. The credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of the Company’s existing tenant base, reviews of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution and consistent monitoring of the Company’s portfolio to identify potential problem tenants.
The Company recognizes acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values as rental revenue over the original term of the respective leases. Acquired “above-” and “below-market” lease values have been reflected within Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets and Other Liabilities, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The impact of the acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases increased revenue by approximately $5.5 million, $19.2 million and $9.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table summarizes the scheduled amortization of the Company’s acquired “above-” and “below-market” lease intangibles for each of the five succeeding years (in thousands).
Acquired Above-Market Lease Intangibles Acquired Below-Market Lease Intangibles
2025 $ 2,328 $ 9,982
2026 1,236 8,862
2027 928 5,648
2028 781 2,419
2029 729 914
Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred (See “Leases” below). The Company receives reimbursements of payroll and payroll-related costs from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third-party property owners in connection with management services contracts which the Company reflects on a gross basis instead of on a net basis as the Company has determined that it is the principal and not the agent under these arrangements in accordance with the guidance in ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”).
The Company’s parking revenue is derived primarily from monthly and transient daily parking. In addition, the Company has certain lease arrangements for parking accounted for under the guidance in ASC 842 “Leases” (“ASC 842”). The monthly and transient daily parking revenue falls within the scope of ASC 606 and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied.
Revenue from the Company’s View Boston observatory at The Prudential Center (which is included within Parking and Other Revenue on the Consolidated Statement of Operations) is derived from ticket, special event, food and beverage and merchandise sales. The revenue is recognized when the ticket is used by the purchaser or the special event occurs and when the food and beverage and merchandise are sold.
The Company’s hotel revenue is derived from room rentals and other sources such as charges to guests for telephone service, movie and vending commissions, meeting and banquet room revenue and laundry services. Hotel revenue is recognized as the hotel rooms are occupied and the services are rendered to the hotel customers.
The Company earns management and development fees. Development and management services revenue is earned from unconsolidated joint venture entities and third-party property owners. The Company determined that the performance obligations associated with its development services contracts are satisfied over time and that the Company would recognize its development services revenue under the output method evenly over time from the development commencement date through the substantial completion date of the development management services project due to the stand-ready nature of the contracts. Significant judgments impacting the amount and timing of revenue recognized from the Company’s development services contracts include estimates of total development project costs from which the fees are typically derived and estimates of the period of time until substantial completion of the development project, the period of time over which the development services are required to be performed. The Company recognizes development fees earned from unconsolidated joint venture projects equal to its cost plus profit to the extent of the third party partners’ ownership interest. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents.
Gains on sales of real estate are recognized pursuant to the provisions included in ASC 610-20. Under ASC 610-20, the Company must first determine whether the transaction is a sale to a customer or non-customer. The Company typically sells real estate on a selective basis and not within the ordinary course of its business and therefore expects that its sale transactions will not be contracts with customers. The Company next determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in the property after the sale, consistent with the consolidation model in ASC 810 “Consolidation” (“ASC 810”). If the Company determines that it does not have a controlling financial interest in the real estate, it evaluates whether a contract exists under ASC 606 and whether the buyer has obtained control of the asset that was sold. The Company recognizes a full gain on sale of real estate when the derecognition criteria under ASC 610-20 have been met.
Leases
Lessee
For leases in which the Company is the lessee (generally ground leases), in accordance with ASC 842 the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The Company made the policy election to not apply the requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases. This policy election is made by class of underlying assets and as described below, the Company considers real estate to be a class of underlying assets, and will not be further delineating it into specific uses of the real estate asset as the risk profiles are similar in nature. For operating leases, the Company will recognize the lease payments it pays in net income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the Company will recognize interest expense.
The lease liability is equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments in accordance with ASC 842. The Company will use its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to determine the net present value of the minimum lease payments. In order to determine the IBR, the Company utilized a market-based approach to estimate the incremental borrowing rate for each individual lease. The approach required significant judgment. Therefore, the Company utilized different data sets to estimate base IBRs via an analysis of the following weighted-components:
•the interpolated rates from yields on outstanding U.S. Treasury issuances for up to 30 years and for years 31 and beyond, longer-term publicly traded educational institution debt issued by high credit quality educational institutions with maturity dates exceeding 31 years,
•observable mortgage rates spread over U.S. Treasury issuances, and
•unlevered property yields and discount rates.
The Company then applied adjustments to account for considerations related to term and interpolated the IBR.
Lessor
Operating Leases
The Company leases primarily office, life sciences, retail and residential space to tenants. These leases may contain extension and termination options that are predominately at the sole discretion of the tenant, provided certain conditions are satisfied. In a few instances, the leases also provide the tenants with options to purchase the underlying asset, which would be exercisable at fair market value. Also, certain of the Company’s retail leases include rental payments that are based on a percentage of the tenant sales in excess of contractual amounts.
Per ASC 842, lessors do not need to separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain criteria are met for each class of underlying assets. The guidance in ASC 842 defines “underlying asset” as “an asset that is the subject of a lease for which a right to use that asset has been conveyed to a lessee. The underlying asset could be a physically distinct portion of a single asset.” The Company considers real estate assets as a class of underlying assets and will not be further delineating it into specific uses of the real estate asset as the risk profiles are similar in nature.
Lease components are elements of an arrangement that provide the customer with the right to use an identified asset. Nonlease components are distinct elements of a contract that are not related to securing the use of the leased asset and revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 606. The Company considers common area maintenance (CAM) and service income associated with tenant work orders to be nonlease components because they represent delivery of a separate service but are not considered a cost of securing the identified asset. In the case of the Company’s business, the identified asset would be the leased real estate (office, life sciences, retail or residential).
The Company assessed and concluded that the timing and pattern of transfer for nonlease components and the associated lease component are the same. The Company determined that the predominant component was the lease component and as such its leases will continue to qualify as operating leases and the Company has made a policy election to account for and present the lease component and the nonlease component as a single component in the revenue section of the Consolidated Statements of Operations labeled Lease.
Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred. The Company recognizes these reimbursements on a gross basis, as the Company obtains control of the goods and services before they are transferred to the tenant.
In addition, in accordance with ASC 842, lessors will only capitalize incremental direct leasing costs.
Sales-Type Leases
Sales-type lease receivables are recognized when a lease qualifies as a sales-type lease. The sales-type lease receivable is initially measured at the present value of the fixed and determinable lease payments, including any guaranteed or unguaranteed residual value of the asset at the end of the lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. The Company evaluates its sales-type lease receivable for impairment under the current expected credit loss standard. Interest income is recognized under the effective interest method. The effective interest method produces a constant yield on the sales-type lease receivable over the term of the lease. Income from these leases are classified as Lease Revenue within the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available, as adjusted for undistributed earnings (if any) of certain securities issued by BPLP, by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur from shares issuable in connection with awards under stock-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options, and securities of BPLP that are exchangeable for Common Stock.
Earnings Per Common Unit
Basic earnings per common unit is computed by dividing net income available, as adjusted for undistributed earnings (if any) of certain securities issued by BPLP, by the weighted average number of common units outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per common unit reflects the potential dilution that could occur from units issuable in connection with awards under BXP’s stock-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options, and conversion of preferred units of BPLP.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company follows the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements when valuing its financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The table below presents for December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the financial instruments that are being valued for disclosure purposes, as well as the Level at which they are categorized as defined in ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”).
Financial Instrument Level
3-Month United States treasury bills Level 1
Unsecured commercial paper Level 1
Investment in securities (1) Level 1
Unsecured senior notes (2) Level 1
Related party note receivable Level 3
Notes receivable Level 3
Sales-type lease receivable Level 3
Mortgage notes payable Level 3
Unsecured line of credit Level 3
Unsecured term loan Level 3
_______________
(1)See “Investments in Securities” policy above, in this Note 2, for information on its fair values.
(2)If trading volume for the period is low, the valuation could be categorized as Level 2.
Because the Company’s valuations of its financial instruments are based on the above Levels and involve the use of estimates, the actual fair values of its financial instruments may differ materially from those estimates. In addition, the Company’s estimated fair values for these instruments as of the end of the applicable reporting period are not projections of, nor necessarily indicative of, estimated or actual fair values in future reporting periods.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding three-month United States Treasury Bills with a maturity date of January 30, 2024, that were classified as held to maturity because the Company determined that it had the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Because these securities are considered short-term investments, they are reflected at amortized cost within Cash and Cash Equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of these securities were approximately $302.7 million.
At December 31, 2024, the Company had $500.0 million outstanding under its unsecured commercial paper program (See Note 7). Due to their short-term maturity and stated interest rates at approximate current market rates, the fair value of outstanding commercial paper borrowings approximates the Company's carrying amount at December 31, 2024.
The Company’s investment in non-real estate investments is shown within Prepaid and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and was approximately $7.1 million and $4.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The non-real estate investments utilize net asset value as a practical expedient.
Non-Recurring Fair Value
The following table presents the aggregate carrying value of the Company’s non-recurring fair value financial instruments and the Company’s corresponding estimate of fair value as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Carrying
Amount Estimated
Fair Value Carrying
Amount Estimated
Fair Value
3-Month United States Treasury Bills (1) $ - $ - $ 302,746 $ 302,746
Related party note receivable, net $ 88,779 $ 89,213 $ 88,779 $ 90,593
Note receivable, net 4,947 6,187 1,714 1,677
Sales-type lease receivable, net 14,657 13,632 13,704 13,338
Total $ 108,383 $ 109,032 $ 104,197 $ 105,608
Mortgage notes payable, net $ 4,276,609 $ 3,808,095 $ 4,166,379 $ 3,705,513
Unsecured senior notes, net 10,645,077 10,005,606 10,491,617 9,697,393
Unsecured line of credit - - - -
Unsecured term loan, net 798,813 799,580 1,198,301 1,196,945
Unsecured commercial paper 500,000 500,000 - -
Total $ 16,220,499 $ 15,113,281 $ 15,856,297 $ 14,599,851
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(1) Per the guidance in ASC 326, the Company concluded that the risk of nonpayment is nonexistent because the U.S. Government has a long history with no credit losses and therefore, no credit loss allowance was recorded.
Recurring Fair Value
In addition to the financial instruments noted above, the Company uses interest rate swap agreements to manage its interest rate risk (See Note 8). The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements is shown within Prepaid and Other Assets or Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table presents the aggregate fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Fair value December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps $ 5,252 $ 1,976
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments and hedging activities require management to make judgments on the nature of its derivatives and their effectiveness as hedges. These judgments determine if the changes in fair value of the derivative instruments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of net income or as a component of comprehensive income and as a component of equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. While management believes its judgments are reasonable, a change in a derivative’s effectiveness as a hedge could materially affect expenses, net income and equity. In general, the Company accounts for both the effective and ineffective portions of changes in the fair value of a derivative in other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassifies the fair value of the derivative to earnings over the term that the hedged transaction affects earnings and in the same line item as the hedged transaction within the statements of operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, to satisfy a lender requirement, the Company entered into two agreements with the same third-party to purchase and sell a $600.0 million interest rate cap. The Company did not elect hedge accounting and as such any change in market value will be recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company recognized a loss from interest rate contracts of approximately $79,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023 due to the observable changes in fair value of these derivatives. The Company did not recognize any losses during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans
At December 31, 2024, the Company had a stock-based employee compensation plan. The Company accounts for the plan under the guidance in ASC 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”), which revised the fair value based method of accounting for share-based payment liabilities, forfeitures and modifications of stock-based awards and clarified previous guidance in several areas, including measuring fair value, classifying an award as equity or as a liability and attributing compensation cost to reporting periods.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include such items as depreciation and allowances for doubtful accounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it considers to be reasonable under the circumstances, including the impact of extraordinary events such as a pandemic, the results of which form the basis for making significant judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, assessments of future collectability, and other areas of the financial statements that are impacted by the use of estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
BXP
Equity Offering Costs
Underwriting commissions and offering costs have been reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
Treasury Stock
BXP’s share repurchases are reflected as treasury stock utilizing the cost method of accounting and are presented as a reduction to consolidated stockholders’ equity.
Dividends
Earnings and profits, which determine the taxability of dividends to stockholders, will differ from income reported for financial reporting purposes due to the differences for federal income tax purposes in the treatment of gains/losses on the sale of real property, revenue and expense recognition, compensation expense, and in the estimated useful lives and basis used to compute depreciation.
The tax treatment of common dividends per share for federal income tax purposes is as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Per Share % Per Share % Per Share %
Ordinary income $ 3.22 88.29 % $ 3.04 72.98 % $ 3.42 86.60 %
Capital gain income 0.03 0.79 % 1.12 27.02 % 0.53 13.40 %
Return of capital 0.40 10.92 % - - % - - %
Total $ 3.65 (1) 100.00 % $ 4.16 (2) 100.00 % $ 3.95 (3) 100.00 %
_____________
(1)The fourth quarter 2024 regular quarterly dividend was $0.98 per common share, all of which were allocable to 2025.
(2)The fourth quarter 2023 regular quarterly dividend was $0.98 per common share, of which approximately $0.27 per common share was allocated to 2023 and approximately $0.71 per common share was allocated to 2024.
(3)The fourth quarter 2022 regular quarterly dividend was $0.98 per common share, of which approximately $0.03 per common share was allocated to 2022 and approximately $0.95 per common share was allocated to 2023.
Income Taxes
BXP has elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1997. As a result, it generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on its taxable income that is distributed to its stockholders. A REIT is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its annual taxable income (with certain adjustments). BXP’s policy is to distribute at least 100% of its taxable income. Accordingly, the only provision for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relates to BXP’s consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries. BXP’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items. BXP has no uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. At December 31, 2024, BXP’s tax returns for 2021 and subsequent years remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions under the statute of limitations.
The Company owns a hotel property that it leases to one of its taxable REIT subsidiaries and that is managed by Marriott International, Inc. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly owned subsidiary of BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to the lease for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of a management agreement. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to tax at the federal and state level and, accordingly, if applicable, BXP has recorded a tax provision in its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Certain entities included in BXP’s consolidated financial statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
BPLP
Income Taxes
The partners are required to report their respective share of BPLP’s taxable income or loss on their respective tax returns and are liable for any related taxes thereon. Accordingly, the only provision for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relates to BPLP’s consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries. BPLP’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items. BPLP has no uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. At December 31, 2024, BPLP’s tax returns for 2021 and subsequent years remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions under the statute of limitations.
The Company owns a hotel property which is managed through a taxable REIT subsidiary. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly owned subsidiary of BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to the lease for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of a management agreement. The hotel taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to tax at the federal and state level and, accordingly, if applicable, BPLP has recorded a tax provision in its Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Certain entities included in BPLP’s consolidated financial statements are subject to certain state and local taxes. These taxes are recorded as operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Adopted New Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 improves reportable segment disclosure requirements for public business entities primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit (referred to as the “significant expense principle”). ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this accounting standard on January 1, 2024. While the adoption has no impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, it has resulted in incremental disclosures within the Notes to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements (See Note 12).
In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60)” (“ASU 2023-05”). ASU 2023-05 is intended to (1) address accounting for contributions made to a joint venture upon formation and (2) reduce diversity in practice. This ASU will apply to joint ventures that meet the definition of a corporate joint venture under GAAP, thus limiting its scope to joint ventures not controlled and therefore not consolidated by any joint venture investor. This accounting standard is effective for joint ventures with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2025.
Newly Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)” (“ASU 2024-03”): ASU 2024-03 will require entities to provide enhanced disclosures related to certain expense categories included in income statement captions. The ASU aims to increase transparency and provide investors with more detailed information about the nature of expenses reported on the face of the income statement. The new standard does not change the requirements for the presentation of expenses on the face of the income statement. Under this ASU, entities are required to disaggregate, in a tabular format, expense captions presented on the face of the income statement - excluding earnings or losses from equity method investments - if they include any of the following expense categories: purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depreciation or depletion. For any remaining items within each relevant expense caption, entities must provide a qualitative description of the nature of those expenses. The new ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 may have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes.
3. Real Estate
BXP
Real estate consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Land $ 5,318,724 $ 5,251,224
Right of use assets - finance leases (1) 372,922 401,680
Right of use assets - operating leases (1) 334,767 324,298
Land held for future development (2) 714,050 697,061
Buildings and improvements 17,149,702 16,607,756
Tenant improvements 3,866,371 3,592,172
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 57,136 53,716
Construction in progress 764,640 547,280
Total 28,578,312 27,475,187
Less: Accumulated depreciation (7,528,057) (6,881,728)
$ 21,050,255 $ 20,593,459
_______________
(1)See Note 4.
(2)Includes pre-development costs.
BPLP
Real estate consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Land $ 5,224,015 $ 5,156,515
Right of use assets - finance leases (1) 372,922 401,680
Right of use assets - operating leases (1) 334,767 324,298
Land held for future development (2) 714,050 697,061
Buildings and improvements 16,878,146 16,336,200
Tenant improvements 3,866,371 3,592,172
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 57,136 53,716
Construction in progress 764,640 547,280
Total 28,212,047 27,108,922
Less: Accumulated depreciation (7,397,882) (6,758,361)
$ 20,814,165 $ 20,350,561
_______________
(1)See Note 4.
(2)Includes pre-development costs.
Acquisitions
On January 8, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of its joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue, located in Washington, DC. At acquisition, the total net equity acquired was $20.0 million, which includes $10.0 million in cash that the Company paid for the joint venture partner's 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture. The property is subject to existing mortgage indebtedness of approximately $207.1 million (See Note 7). The acquisition resulted in the Company recording a gain upon consolidation of approximately $21.8 million, which is the difference between the fair value of the previously held equity method investment immediately prior to the consolidation of $10.0 million, less the Company’s costs basis of approximately $(11.8) million. The gain on consolidation is included within loss from unconsolidated joint ventures in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The total net assets acquired is equal to (1) the total net equity acquired of $20.0 million, which includes $10.0 million in cash that the Company paid for the joint venture partner's 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture plus (2) $207.1 million of debt assumed, less (3) net working capital acquired of approximately $7.1 million. The following table summarizes the allocation of the fair value of the net assets the Company received at the date of acquisition for 901 New York Avenue (in thousands):
Land and site improvements $ 65,808
Building and improvements 56,882
Tenant improvements 16,088
In-place lease intangibles 72,621
Above-market lease intangibles 2,757
Below-market lease intangibles (2,515)
Mortgage note payable adjustment 8,374
Net assets acquired $ 220,015
The following table summarizes the estimated annual amortization of the acquired in-place lease intangibles, and the acquired above- and below-market lease intangibles for 901 New York Avenue as of the acquisition date for each of the five succeeding fiscal years (in thousands):
Acquired In-Place Lease Intangibles Acquired Above-Market Lease Intangibles Acquired Below-Market Lease Intangibles
2025 $ 9,030 $ 454 $ 257
2026 6,494 238 257
2027 6,265 201 257
2028 6,069 186 257
2029 6,076 186 251
The following table summarizes the weighted-average useful life of the acquired in-place lease intangibles and the acquired above- and below-market lease intangibles for 901 New York Avenue as of the acquisition date (in years):
Acquired In-Place Lease Intangibles Acquired Above-Market Lease Intangibles Acquired Below-Market Lease Intangibles
Weighted-average useful life 6.7 4.0 9.8
901 New York Avenue contributed approximately $33.2 million of revenue and $9.4 million of net loss to the Company for the period from January 8, 2024 through December 31, 2024. 901 New York Avenue is an office property consisting of approximately 508,000 net rentable square feet.
On December 27, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of 725 12th Street, an approximately 300,000 net rentable square foot, 12-story office property located in Washington, DC, for a purchase price, excluding transaction costs, of $34.0 million. The acquisition was completed with available cash. Following the acquisition, the Company commenced redevelopment of the property and therefore did not contribute any income to the Company for the period from December 27, 2024 to December 31, 2024. When completed, 725 12th Street is expected to total approximately 320,000 net rentable square feet of office and retail space.
The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price, including transactions costs, of 725 12th Street (in thousands):
Land and site improvements $ 26,997
Building and improvements 8,369
Net assets acquired $ 35,366
Development
On February 12, 2024, the Company commenced the development of a residential project at 121 Broadway Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts that is adjacent to its development projects at 290 Binney Street and 300 Binney Street. 121 Broadway will consist of 439 residential units aggregating approximately 492,000 net rentable square feet. There can be no assurance that the Company will complete development of the project on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all.
On April 5, 2024, the Company completed and fully placed in-service 760 Boylston Street, an approximately 118,000 net rentable square foot retail redevelopment located in Boston, Massachusetts.
On July 17, 2024, the Company partially placed in-service Reston Next Office Phase II, an approximately 90,000 net rentable square foot development project comprised of office and retail space located in Reston, Virginia.
On September 26, 2024, the Company fully placed in-service 180 CityPoint, an approximately 329,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project located in Waltham, Massachusetts.
On October 5, 2024, the Company fully placed in-service 103 CityPoint, an approximately 113,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project located in Waltham, Massachusetts.
On October 31, 2024, the Company completed and fully placed in-service 300 Binney Street, a laboratory/life sciences redevelopment project with approximately 240,000 net rentable square feet located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Pending Disposition and Impairment
At March 31, 2024, the Company evaluated the expected hold period for a portion of its Shady Grove property, consisting of 2 Choke Cherry Road, 2094 Gaither Road and a land parcel, located in Rockville, Maryland. Based on a shorter-than-expected hold period, the Company reduced the carrying value of a portion of the property that the Company anticipates selling to a third-party developer to its estimated fair value at March 31, 2024. As a result, each of BXP and BPLP recognized an impairment loss of approximately $13.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company’s estimated fair value was based on Level 3 inputs as defined in ASC 820 and the terms of a pending offer from a third-party.
On May 7, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with the third-party developer for the sale of 2 Choke Cherry Road, 2094 Gaither Road and the land parcel, located in Rockville, Maryland, for an aggregate gross sale price of approximately $24.8 million. On July 22, 2024, the Company executed an amendment to the agreement for an aggregate gross sale price of approximately $24.7 million. 2 Choke Cherry Road and 2094 Gaither Road are two vacant office properties aggregating approximately 143,000 net rentable square feet that were taken out of service and held for redevelopment. The disposition is subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions and there can be no assurance that this transaction will be consummated on the terms currently contemplated or at all.
4. Leases
The Company estimates the collectability of its accrued rent and accounts receivable balances related to lease revenue. When evaluating the collectability of these accrued rent and accounts receivable balances, management considers tenant creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in tenants’ payment patterns, on a lease-by-lease basis. If the Company determines that the accrued rent and/or accounts receivable balances are no longer probable of collection then the balances are written-off and the lease is recognized on a cash basis.
If applicable, information related to write-offs of accrued rent, net balances and accounts receivable, net
balances and reinstatements of accrued rent balances for the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures can be
found in Note 6.
Lessee
The following table provides lease cost information for the Company’s operating and finance leases for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Lease costs 2024 2023 2022
Operating lease costs (1) $ 14,583 $ 14,451 $ 12,700
Finance lease costs
Amortization of right of use asset (2) $ 3,093 $ 2,821 $ 697
Interest on lease liabilities (3) $ 13,374 $ 13,747 $ 3,236
_______________
(1)One of the operating leases relates to an asset that was in predevelopment for the year ended December 31, 2024 and a portion of the year ended December 31, 2023. As such, the operating lease costs were capitalized. For the year 2022, there were no operating leases related to assets under development.
(2)The finance leases relate to either land, buildings or assets that are/were in development. For land leases classified as finance leases because of a purchase option that the Company views as an economic incentive, the Company follows its existing policy and does not depreciate land because it is assumed to have an indefinite life. For all other finance leases, the Company would amortize the right of use asset over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term. If the finance lease relates to a property under development, the amortization of the right of use asset may be eligible for capitalization. For assets under development, depreciation may commence once the asset is placed in-service and depreciation would be recognized in accordance with the Company’s policy.
(3)One of the finance leases relates to an asset under development for all or a portion of the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As such, a portion of the interest amount was capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no finance leases related to assets under development.
The following table provides other quantitative information for the Company’s operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
Other information December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Operating Leases (1)
Number of cancelable leases 1 1
Number of non-cancelable leases 5 4
Longest lease expiration date 7/1/2125 7/1/2125
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) 72 70
Weighted-average discount rate 6.5 % 6.6 %
Finance Leases
Number of cancelable leases - -
Number of non-cancelable leases 5 5
Longest lease expiration date 11/1/2094 11/1/2094
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) 61 60
Weighted-average discount rate 6.2 % 6.1 %
______________
(1)The Company has ground leases that are subject to variable payments and extension options. None of the leases contain residual value guarantees.
The following table provides a maturity analysis for the Company’s lease liabilities related to its operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Operating Finance
2025 $ 40,451 $ 30,801
2026 34,155 33,280
2027 10,635 32,768
2028 (1) 40,462 118,252
2029 21,710 10,793
Thereafter 3,527,328 1,331,413
Total lease payments 3,674,741 1,557,307
Less:
Interest portion 3,282,055 1,186,422
Present value of lease payments $ 392,686 $ 370,885
_______________
(1)Operating lease payments in 2028 includes an approximately $25.1 million final rental payment related to a ground lease the Company is reasonably certain it will commence construction on in 2028. Finance lease payments in 2028 include approximately $105.3 million related to a purchase option that the Company was reasonably certain it would exercise upon execution of the ground leases. There can be no assurance that the Company will ultimately commence construction on the ground lease site or exercise its ground lease purchase option on the schedule currently contemplated or at all.
The following table provides a maturity analysis for the Company’s lease liabilities related to its operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Operating Finance
2024 (1) $ 29,989 $ 70,370
2025 35,733 32,232
2026 10,100 31,972
2027 9,885 32,170
2028 (1) 14,637 118,232
Thereafter 3,546,537 1,342,174
Total lease payments 3,646,881 1,627,150
Less:
Interest portion 3,296,490 1,209,189
Present value of lease payments $ 350,391 $ 417,961
_______________
(1)Finance lease payments in 2024 and 2028 include approximately $38.7 million and $105.3 million, respectively, related to purchase options that the Company was reasonably certain it would exercise upon execution of the ground leases. There can be no assurance that the Company will ultimately exercise the purchase options on the schedule currently contemplated.
On March 28, 2024, the Company entered into a 90-year air rights lease with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation for an approximately 61,000 square foot site at the parking garage located at 100 Clarendon Street and the concourse level of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority’s Back Bay Station (the “Station”). The lease requires annual base rental payments of $250,000 until the commencement of construction, as defined in the lease. If the Company commences construction of a project on the site on or before August 1, 2028, then a final fixed rental payment is due in accordance with the lease at that time. After August 1, 2028, if the Company commences construction of a project on the site, then a final rental payment based on the then current fair market value will be due at that time. In addition, the lease requires annual payments of $500,000 through 2033 to fund maintenance and improvements to the Station. The Company has assumed that it will begin construction on the site on or before August 1, 2028. The incremental borrowing rate for this lease is 6.57% per annum. The net present value of the ground lease payments is approximately $23.2 million. The Company classifies this lease as an operating lease. As a result, the Company recorded a Right of Use Assets - Operating Leases and Lease Liabilities - Operating Leases of approximately $23.9 million and $23.2 million, respectively, on its Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2024. The ground lease had operating lease costs of approximately $0.3 million for the period from March 28, 2024 through December 31, 2024. There can be no assurance that the Company will commence construction on the ground lease site on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all.
The Company has a ground lease for the land underlying its residential property, The Skylyne, in Oakland, California. The Skylyne is a residential property consisting of 402 residential units and supporting retail space totaling approximately 331,000 net rentable square feet. The ground lease has approximately 92 years remaining (including extension options) and provides the Company with the right to purchase the land subject to certain conditions. When the lease was executed in 2017, the purchase option was considered a bargain purchase option and, as a result, the Company classified it as a finance lease and the Company assumed the lessor would exercise its right to require the Company to purchase the land in May 2024 for approximately $38.7 million. In May 2024 and as of the date of this report, the lessor has not exercised this option and the Company reassessed the accounting for the ground lease and determined that the purchase option continues to be considered a bargain purchase option and the ground lease will continue to be accounted for as a finance lease. The lease requires monthly base rental payments of a nominal amount until the purchase occurs, which the Company now estimates will be in 2030. As a result of the reassessment, the lease liability was remeasured and reduced to approximately $0.1 million. In conjunction with the reduction in the lease liability, the right of use asset was reduced to $0 and the difference between the lease liability and right of use asset, before the remeasurement, of approximately $9.5 million was recorded as a decrease to interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024. There can be no assurance that the Company will ultimately exercise its ground lease purchase option on the schedule currently contemplated or at all.
Lessor
Operating Leases
The following table summarizes the components of lease revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 included within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
Lease Revenue 2024 2023 2022
Fixed contractual payments $ 2,605,272 $ 2,503,106 $ 2,426,007
Variable lease payments 570,541 550,641 492,361
Sales-type lease 992 926 -
$ 3,176,805 $ 3,054,673 $ 2,918,368
The future contractual lease payments to be received (excluding operating expense reimbursements and percentage rent) by the Company as of December 31, 2024, under non-cancelable operating leases which expire on various dates through 2049 (in thousands):
Years Ending December 31,
2025 $ 2,497,727
2026 2,508,910
2027 2,510,236
2028 2,396,893
2029 2,251,345
Thereafter 13,249,374
No single tenant represented more than 10.0% of the Company’s total lease revenue for any of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Sales-type Lease
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company had one non-cancelable ground lease obligation, as lessor, that is classified as a sales-type lease with an expiration date in 2119. The Company recognized approximately $1.0 million and $0.9 million of interest income that is recorded in lease revenue on its Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company did not recognize any interest income during the year ended December 31, 2022.
The following table provides the future contractual payments to be received as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
December 31, 2024
2025 $ 124
2026 321
2027 754
2028 775
2029 793
Thereafter 266,745
Total lease payments to be received 269,512
Less:
Interest portion 254,589
Sales-type lease receivable 14,923
Unguaranteed residual asset 19
Current expected credit loss adjustment (285)
Sales-type lease receivable, net $ 14,657
The following table provides the future contractual payments to be received as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
December 31, 2023
2024 $ 31
2025 124
2026 372
2027 756
2028 775
Thereafter 267,474
Total lease payments to be received 269,532
Less:
Interest portion 255,579
Sales-type lease receivable 13,953
Unguaranteed residual asset 18
Current expected credit loss adjustment (267)
Sales-type lease receivable, net $ 13,704
5. Deferred Charges
Deferred charges consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Leasing costs, including lease related intangibles $ 1,261,035 $ 1,168,940
Financing costs 21,797 20,600
1,282,832 1,189,540
Less: Accumulated amortization (469,487) (429,119)
$ 813,345 $ 760,421
The following table summarizes the scheduled amortization of the Company’s acquired in-place lease intangibles for each of the five succeeding years (in thousands).
Acquired In-Place Lease Intangibles
2025 $ 49,875
2026 32,782
2027 26,204
2028 16,301
2029 8,939
6. Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The investments in unconsolidated joint ventures consist of the following at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
Carrying Value of Investment (1)
Entity Properties Nominal % Ownership December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(in thousands)
Square 407 Limited Partnership Market Square North 50.00 % $ (11,924) $ (5,996)
901 New York, LLC 901 New York Avenue 25.00 % (2) - (11,764)
WP Project Developer LLC Wisconsin Place Land and Infrastructure 33.33 % (3) 29,775 30,375
500 North Capitol Venture LLC 500 North Capitol Street, NW 30.00 % (11,696) (10,253)
501 K Street LLC 1001 6th Street 50.00 % 45,903 44,774
Podium Developer LLC The Hub on Causeway - Podium 50.00 % 42,310 45,201
Residential Tower Developer LLC Hub50House 50.00 % 42,493 40,235
Hotel Tower Developer LLC The Hub on Causeway - Hotel Air Rights 50.00 % 14,271 13,494
Office Tower Developer LLC 100 Causeway Street 50.00 % 55,810 57,660
1265 Main Office JV LLC 1265 Main Street 50.00 % 3,476 3,585
BNY Tower Holdings LLC Dock 72 50.00 % (4) (9,889) (11,890)
CA-Colorado Center, LLC Colorado Center 50.00 % 65,000 237,815
7750 Wisconsin Avenue LLC 7750 Wisconsin Avenue 50.00 % 48,423 50,064
BP-M 3HB Venture LLC 3 Hudson Boulevard 25.00 % 112,771 115,103
Platform 16 Holdings LP Platform 16 55.00 % 56,265 45,564
Gateway Portfolio Holdings LLC Gateway Commons 50.00 % 272,000 376,834
Rosecrans-Sepulveda Partners 4, LLC Beach Cities Media Campus 50.00 % 27,051 27,034
Safeco Plaza REIT LLC Safeco Plaza 33.67 % (5) - 44,734
360 PAS Holdco LLC 360 Park Avenue South 71.11 % (6) 74,592 42,988
PR II/BXP Reston Gateway LLC Skymark - Reston Next Residential 20.00 % 14,844 15,184
751 Gateway Holdings LLC 751 Gateway 49.00 % 99,701 93,411
200 Fifth Avenue JV LLC 200 Fifth Avenue 26.69 % 70,673 75,718
ABXP Worldgate Investments LLC 13100 and 13150 Worldgate Drive 50.00 % 18,225 17,546
$ 1,060,074 $ 1,337,416
_______________
(1)Investments with deficit balances aggregating approximately $33.5 million and $39.9 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are included within Other Liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)At December 31, 2023, the Company’s economic ownership was approximately 50%. On January 8, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of its joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest for a gross purchase price of
$10.0 million, as described in Note 3 and this Note 6. Since then, the Company accounts for its assets, liabilities and operations on a consolidated basis.
(3)The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary that owns Wisconsin Place Office also owns a 33.33% interest in the joint venture entity that owns the land, parking garage and infrastructure of the project.
(4)This property includes net equity balances from the amenity joint venture.
(5)The Company’s ownership includes (1) a 33.0% direct interest in the joint venture, and (2) an additional 1% interest in each of the two entities through which each partner owns its interest in the joint venture.
(6)The Company’s ownership includes (1) a 35.79% direct interest in the joint venture, (2) an additional 35.02% indirect ownership in the joint venture, and (3) an additional 1% interest in the entity through which the partner owns its interest in the joint venture.
Certain of the Company’s unconsolidated joint venture agreements include provisions whereby, at certain specified times, each partner has the right to initiate a purchase or sale of its interest in the joint venture. Under certain of the Company’s joint venture agreements, if certain return thresholds are achieved, the partners or the Company will be entitled to an additional promoted interest or payments.
The combined summarized balance sheets of the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures are as follows:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(in thousands)
ASSETS
Real estate and development in process, net (1) $ 5,748,198 $ 5,811,763
Other assets (2) 703,096 682,291
Total assets $ 6,451,294 $ 6,494,054
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’/PARTNERS’ EQUITY
Mortgage and notes payable, net $ 3,206,723 $ 3,351,873
Other liabilities (3) 292,125 361,357
Members’/Partners’ equity 2,952,446 2,780,824
Total liabilities and members’/partners’ equity $ 6,451,294 $ 6,494,054
Company’s share of equity $ 1,344,543 $ 1,278,483
Basis differentials (4) (284,469) 58,933
Carrying value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (5) $ 1,060,074 $ 1,337,416
_______________
(1)At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, this amount included right of use assets - operating leases totaling approximately $19.0 million and $20.1 million, respectively.
(2)At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, this amount included sales-type lease receivable, net totaling approximately $14.1 million and $13.9 million, respectively.
(3)At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, this amount included lease liabilities - operating leases totaling approximately $30.5 million.
(4)This amount represents the aggregate difference between the Company’s historical cost basis and the basis reflected at the joint venture level, which is typically amortized over the life of the related assets and liabilities. Basis differentials result from impairments of investments, acquisitions through joint ventures with no change in control and upon the transfer of assets that were previously owned by the Company into a joint venture. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on its investment in Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza of approximately $168.4 million, $126.1 million, and $46.8 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary loss on its investments in Platform 16, 360 Park Avenue South, 200 Fifth Avenue and Safeco Plaza of approximately $155.2 million, $54.0 million, $33.4 million and $29.9 million, respectively. In addition, certain acquisition, transaction and other costs may not be reflected in the net assets at the joint venture level. The Company’s basis differences include:
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Property (in thousands)
Colorado Center $ 127,632 $ 298,906
200 Fifth Avenue 49,656 58,308
Gateway Commons (74,500) 48,971
Safeco Plaza (75,576) (29,678)
Dock 72 (92,054) (95,521)
360 Park Avenue South (113,265) (116,534)
Platform 16 (142,698) (143,052)
These basis differentials (excluding land) will be amortized over the remaining lives of the related assets and liabilities. An additional $36.3 million and $37.5 million of other basis differentials are not included above at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(5)Investments with deficit balances aggregating approximately $33.5 million and $39.9 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are reflected within Other Liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The combined summarized statements of operations of the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures are as follows:
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Total revenue (1) $ 507,678 $ 612,589 $ 512,078
Expenses
Operating 204,625 239,947 198,632
Transaction costs 456 301 837
Depreciation and amortization 160,756 197,228 181,041
Total expenses 365,837 437,476 380,510
Other income (expense)
Loss from early extinguishment of debt - (3) (1,327)
Interest expense (176,994) (227,537) (154,065)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments 5,570 (6,582) 1,681
Gain on sales-type lease - 2,737 -
Net loss $ (29,583) $ (56,272) $ (22,143)
Company’s share of net loss $ (10,912) $ (19,599) $ (2,551)
Gain on investment (2) - 35,756 -
Gain on sale / consolidation (3) 21,696 28,412 -
Impairment losses on investments (4) (341,338) (272,603) (50,705)
Basis differential (5) (12,623) (11,509) (6,584)
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures $ (343,177) $ (239,543) $ (59,840)
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(1)Includes straight-line rent adjustments of approximately $13.7 million, $28.7 million and $62.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2)During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed a restructuring of its ownership in Metropolitan Square.
(3)During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company acquired its joint venture partner’s 50% economic interest in 901 New York Avenue. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired its joint venture partner’s 45% ownership interest in Santa Monica Business Park.
(4)During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on its investments in Colorado Center, Gateway Commons and Safeco Plaza of approximately $168.4 million, $126.1 million, and $46.8 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on its investments in Platform 16, 360 Park Avenue South, 200 Fifth Avenue and Safeco Plaza
of approximately $155.2 million, $54.0 million, $33.4 million and $29.9 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss on its investment in the unconsolidated joint venture that owns Dock 72 in Brooklyn, New York totaling approximately $50.7 million.
(5)Includes depreciation and amortization of approximately $15.4 million, $16.6 million and $7.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Includes unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments of approximately $1.5 million, $(1.8) million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Includes straight-line rent adjustments of approximately $1.3 million, $1.5 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Also includes net above-/below-market rent adjustments of approximately $0.8 million, $0.8 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
On January 2, 2024, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% ownership interest partially placed in-service 651 Gateway, an approximately 327,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences project in South San Francisco, California (See Note 17).
On January 8, 2024, the Company acquired its joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue, located in Washington, DC, for a gross purchase price of $10.0 million in cash (See Note 3). Prior to the acquisition, the Company had a 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture and accounted for it under the equity method of accounting. The acquisition resulted in the Company having full ownership of the joint venture such that the Company now accounts for its assets, liabilities, and operations on a consolidated basis in its financial statements instead of under the equity method of accounting. As a result, the Company recognized a gain on consolidation of approximately $21.8 million.
On February 6, 2024, a joint venture in which the Company has a 25% ownership interest extended the maturity date of the loan collateralized by its 3 Hudson Boulevard property. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding principal balance totaling $80.0 million and was scheduled to mature on February 9, 2024. The extended loan was scheduled to mature on May 9, 2024. On May 8, 2024, the loan was extended 30 days and on June 7, 2024, the loan was extended an additional 60 days. The extended loan continued to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Term SOFR plus approximately 3.61% per annum and matured on August 7, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the loan was in a maturity default and had an outstanding balance, including accrued and unpaid interest and default interest of approximately $119.6 million. The joint venture is negotiating a new third-party loan, however, there can be no assurance that the joint venture will enter into a new third-party loan on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all. The Company is the lender of the loan, and the loan and accrued interest are reflected as Related Party Note Receivables, Net and Tenant and Other Receivables, Net, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. 3 Hudson Boulevard consists of land and improvements held for future development located in New York, New York.
On February 9, 2024, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% ownership interest exercised an option to extend the maturity date of the construction loan collateralized by its 7750 Wisconsin Avenue property. The construction loan had a total commitment amount of approximately $252.6 million. The extended loan continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Term SOFR plus 1.35% per annum and matures on April 26, 2025. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding balance totaling approximately $251.6 million and was scheduled to mature on April 26, 2024. 7750 Wisconsin Avenue is an office property with approximately 736,000 net rentable square feet located in Bethesda, Maryland.
On July 18, 2024, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% ownership interest extended by one year the maturity date of its loan collateralized by 100 Causeway Street. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding balance totaling approximately $333.6 million, bore interest at Term SOFR plus 1.48% per annum, and was scheduled to mature on September 5, 2024. Following the extension, the loan will continue to bear interest at Term SOFR plus 1.48% per annum, and is scheduled to mature on September 5, 2025. 100 Causeway Street is an approximately 634,000 net rentable square foot office property located in Boston, Massachusetts.
On August 7, 2024, a joint venture in which the Company has a 71.11% ownership interest partially placed in-service 360 Park Avenue South, a 20-story, office building with ground floor retail located in New York City, New York, aggregating approximately 450,000 net rentable square feet. On December 13, 2024, the joint venture extended the maturity date of its mortgage loan by three years. At the time of the extension, the loan had an outstanding balance totaling approximately $220.0 million, bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.40% per annum, and was scheduled to mature on December 14, 2024. Following the extension, the loan will bear interest at Term SOFR plus 2.50% per annum, and is scheduled to mature on December 13, 2027.
On December 13, 2024, a joint venture in which the Company has a 20% ownership interest fully placed in-service Skymark, a luxury residential property located in Reston, Virginia, that consists of 508 residential units aggregating approximately 417,000 net rentable square feet across a five-story, low-rise building and a 39-story tower.
Impairments
The Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are reviewed for indicators of impairment on a quarterly basis and the Company records impairment charges when events or circumstances indicate that a decline in the fair values below the carrying amounts has occurred and such decline is other-than-temporary. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company conducted and reviewed, along with its joint venture partners, the 2025 business plans for each of its ventures. During this year end review, the Company evaluated key indicators related to certain investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, including changes in cash flows, declining market conditions and leasing activities, continued actual and projected operating deficits and receipts and considerations of third-party joint venture property appraisals. Such evaluation of key impairment indicators resulted in the Company determining that the decline in value, for certain joint venture properties, was other-than-temporary and therefore the Company recorded impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company determined that its investment was categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as it utilized significant unobservable inputs in its assessment. The table below states the amount of each impairment as well as the inputs used in the calculation (dollars in thousands).
Property Impairment Amount Exit Capitalization Rate Discount Rate
Colorado Center $ 168,391 7.5 % 10.0 %
Gateway Commons 126,163 7.0 % 9.0 %
Safeco Plaza 46,784 7.0 % 8.0 %
Total $ 341,338
Colorado Center consists of six office buildings aggregating approximately 1.1 million net rentable square feet located in Santa Monica, California. Gateway Commons is an office park consisting of five buildings aggregating approximately 785,500 net rentable square feet located in South San Francisco, California. Safeco Plaza is an office tower with approximately 763,000 net rentable square feet located in Seattle, Washington.
7. Debt
Mortgage Notes Payable
The Company had outstanding mortgage notes payable totaling approximately $4.3 billion and $4.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, each collateralized by one or more buildings and related land included in real estate assets. The mortgage notes payable are generally due in monthly installments and mature at various dates through January 9, 2032.
Including the effects of interest rate swaps, there were no variable rate mortgage loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023 (See Note 8). Therefore, fixed rate mortgage notes payable totaled approximately $4.3 billion and $4.2 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with contractual interest rates ranging from 2.79% to 6.04% per annum at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (with a weighted-average interest rate of 3.68% and 3.70% at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively).
Contractual aggregate principal payments of mortgage notes payable at December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
Principal Payments
2025 $ 4,250
2026 4,357
2027 2,304,580
2028 804,815
2029 184,311
Thereafter 1,000,000
Total aggregate principal payments 4,302,313
Less:
Deferred financing costs, net 24,559
Fair value debt adjustment 1,145
Total carrying value of mortgage notes payable, net $ 4,276,609
On January 8, 2024, the Company acquired its joint venture partner’s 50% economic ownership interest in the joint venture that owns 901 New York Avenue located in Washington, DC (See Note 3). The property is subject to existing mortgage indebtedness. At acquisition, the mortgage loan had an outstanding principal balance of approximately $207.1 million, bore interest at 3.61% per annum and was scheduled to mature on January 5, 2025. The mortgage loan was recorded at a fair value of approximately $198.7 million. On January 11, 2024, the Company modified the mortgage loan to provide for two extension options totaling five years of additional term, each subject to certain conditions. On December 20, 2024, the Company exercised the first extension option to extend the maturity date to January 5, 2029. At the time of the extension, the outstanding principal balance was $202.3 million. The extended loan will bear interest at 5.00% per annum beginning January 5, 2025. The loan has a one-year extension option remaining, subject to certain conditions.
On October 8, 2024, the Company modified the mortgage loan collateralized by its Santa Monica Business Park properties located in Santa Monica, California. The mortgage loan had an outstanding principal balance of $200.0 million, bore interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum and was scheduled to mature on July 19, 2025. The modified loan is scheduled to mature on October 8, 2028 and continues to bear interest at a variable rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.38% per annum until July 19, 2025. Beginning July 19, 2025, the mortgage loan will bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.60% per annum through the maturity date. The entire principal is subject to interest rate swap contracts to fix Daily Simple SOFR at a weighted-average fixed interest rate of approximately 2.675% per annum through April 1, 2025 (See Note 8). The mortgage loan requires monthly interest-only payments during the term of the loan, with the entire principal due at maturity. Santa Monica Business Park is an office park consisting of 21 buildings totaling approximately 1.2 million net rentable square feet.
Unsecured Senior Notes
The following summarizes the unsecured senior notes outstanding as of December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Coupon/Stated Rate Effective Rate(1) Principal Amount Maturity Date(2)
7 Year Unsecured Senior Notes (3) 3.200 % 3.350 % $ 850,000 January 15, 2025
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 3.650 % 3.766 % 1,000,000 February 1, 2026
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 2.750 % 3.495 % 1,000,000 October 1, 2026
5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 6.750 % 6.924 % 750,000 December 1, 2027
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 4.500 % 4.628 % 1,000,000 December 1, 2028
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 3.400 % 3.505 % 850,000 June 21, 2029
10.5 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 2.900 % 2.984 % 700,000 March 15, 2030
10.75 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 3.250 % 3.343 % 1,250,000 January 30, 2031
11 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 2.550 % 2.671 % 850,000 April 1, 2032
12 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 2.450 % 2.524 % 850,000 October 1, 2033
10.7 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 6.500 % 6.619 % 750,000 January 15, 2034
10 Year Unsecured Senior Notes 5.750 % 5.842 % 850,000 January 15, 2035
Total principal 10,700,000
Less:
Net unamortized discount 10,885
Deferred financing costs, net 44,038
Total $ 10,645,077
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(1)Yield on issuance date including the effects of discounts on the notes, settlements of interest rate contracts and the amortization of financing costs.
(2)No principal amounts are due prior to maturity.
(3)See Note 17.
On February 1, 2024, BPLP repaid $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.800% senior notes due February 1, 2024. The repayment was completed with available cash. The repayment price was approximately $713.3 million, which was equal to the stated principal plus approximately $13.3 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repayment date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the repayment price was equal to the principal amount being repaid.
On August 26, 2024, BPLP completed a public offering of $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.750% unsecured senior notes due 2035. The notes were priced at 99.961% of the principal amount to yield an effective rate (including financing fees) of approximately 5.842% per annum to maturity. The notes will mature on January 15, 2035, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $841.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and transaction expenses.
The indenture relating to the unsecured senior notes contains certain financial restrictions and requirements, including (1) a leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, (2) a secured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 50%, (3) an interest coverage ratio of greater than 1.50, and (4) an unencumbered asset value of not less than 150% of unsecured debt. At December 31, 2024, BPLP was in compliance with each of these financial restrictions and requirements.
Unsecured Credit Facility
BPLP’s unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2021 Credit Facility”) provides for borrowings of up to $2.0 billion, as described below in this Note 7, through BPLP’s revolving facility, subject to customary conditions. The 2021 Credit Facility matures on June 15, 2026 and includes a sustainability-linked pricing component. Under the 2021 Credit Facility, BPLP had the option to increase the original total commitment of $1.5 billion by up to an additional $500.0 million by increasing the amount of the Revolving Facility and/or by incurring one or more term loans, in each case, subject to syndication of the increase and other conditions (the “Accordion Option”). On
September 28, 2023, BPLP exercised a portion of the Accordion Option which increased the then maximum borrowing amount under the 2021 Credit Facility from $1.5 billion to $1.815 billion. On April 29, 2024, BPLP exercised the remainder of the Accordion Option and further increased the maximum borrowing amount under the 2021 Credit Facility to $2.0 billion. All other terms of the 2021 Credit Facility remain unchanged.
At BPLP’s option, loans under the 2021 Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) (a) in the case of loans denominated in Dollars, Term SOFR and SOFR, (b) in the case of loans denominated in Euro, EURIBOR, (c) in the case of loans denominated in Canadian Dollars, Term CORRA, and (d) in the case of loans denominated in Sterling, SONIA, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 70.0 to 140.0 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating or (2) an alternate base rate equal to the greatest of (a) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5%, (b) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (c) Term SOFR plus 1.00%, and (d) 1.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0 to 40 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating. In addition, there is a SOFR credit spread adjustment of 0.10%.
The 2021 Credit Facility also features a sustainability-linked pricing component such that if BPLP meets certain sustainability performance targets, the applicable per annum interest rate will be reduced by one basis point. In addition, the 2021 Credit Facility contains a competitive bid option for up to 65% of the Revolving Facility that allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to make loan advances to BPLP at a reduced interest rate.
Pursuant to the 2021 Credit Facility, BPLP is obligated to pay (1) in quarterly installments a facility fee on the total commitment under the Revolving Facility at a rate per annum ranging from 0.10% to 0.30% based on BPLP’s credit rating and (2) an annual fee on the undrawn amount of each letter of credit ranging from 0.70% to 1.40% based on BPLP’s credit rating.
Based on BPLP’s December 31, 2024 credit rating, (1) the applicable Daily SOFR, Term SOFR, alternative currency daily rate, and alternative currency term rate margins are 0.850%, (2) the alternate base rate margin is zero basis points and (3) the facility fee is 0.20% per annum.
At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, BPLP had no amount outstanding under the 2021 Credit Facility. The 2021 Credit Facility is used as a backstop for BPLP’s $500.0 million unsecured commercial paper program (See “Unsecured Commercial Paper” below). As such, BPLP intends to maintain, at a minimum, availability under the 2021 Credit Facility in an amount equal to the amount of unsecured commercial paper notes outstanding.
Unsecured Term Loans
On January 4, 2023, BPLP entered into a credit agreement that provided for a $1.2 billion unsecured term loan facility (the “2023 Unsecured Term Loan”). Upon entry into the credit agreement, BPLP exercised its option to draw $1.2 billion under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan. On April 29, 2024, BPLP repaid $500.0 million of the outstanding balance under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan from the proceeds of its unsecured commercial paper program (See “Unsecured Commercial Paper” below).
Under the credit agreement governing the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan, BPLP may, at any time prior to the maturity date, increase total commitments by up to an additional $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount by increasing the existing 2023 Unsecured Term Loan or incurring one or more additional term loans, in each case, subject to syndication of the increase and other conditions. The 2023 Unsecured Term Loan had an initial maturity date of May 16, 2024, with one 12-month extension option, subject to customary conditions. On May 16, 2024, BPLP exercised its option to extend the maturity date of the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan to May 16, 2025. All other terms of the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan remain unchanged.
At BPLP’s option, loans under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) a base rate equal to the greatest of (a) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5%, (b) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (c) Term SOFR for a one-month period plus 1.00%, and (d) 1.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0 to 60 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating; or (2) a rate equal to adjusted Term SOFR with a one-month period plus a margin ranging from 75 to 160 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating.
On September 27, 2024, BPLP entered into a credit agreement that provides for a $100.0 million unsecured term loan facility (the “2024 Unsecured Term Loan”) with a lender (the “Lender”) under the mortgage loan collateralized by the Company’s Santa Monica Business Park properties located in Santa Monica, California (the “SMBP Loan”). Upon entry into the credit agreement, BPLP exercised its option to draw $100.0 million under the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan. The proceeds were used to modify and repay the portion of the SMBP Loan held by
the Lender. After the repayment, the SMBP Loan had a remaining principal balance of $200.0 million. The 2024 Unsecured Term Loan matures on September 26, 2025 with three, one-year extension options, subject to customary conditions.
At BPLP’s option, loans under the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (1) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) zero, (b) Prime Rate, (c) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (d) Term SOFR for a one-month period plus 1.10%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0 to 60 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating; or (2) a rate equal to adjusted Term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR with a one-month period plus, a margin ranging from 75 to 160 basis points based on BPLP’s credit rating. The 2024 Unsecured Term Loan is subject to an interest rate swap contract to fix Daily Simple SOFR at an interest rate of approximately 2.688% per annum through April 1, 2025 (See Note 8).
Based on BPLP’s December 31, 2024 credit rating, (1) the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to Term SOFR plus 1.05% per annum and (2) the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.05% per annum. At December 31, 2024, BPLP had $100.0 million and $700.0 million of principal outstanding under the 2024 Unsecured Term Loan and 2023 Unsecured Term Loan, respectively. At December 31, 2023, BPLP had $1.2 billion of principal outstanding under the 2023 Unsecured Term Loan.
The 2023 and 2024 Unsecured Term Loans contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default provisions, including the failure to pay indebtedness, breaches of covenants and bankruptcy and other insolvency events, which could result in the acceleration of the obligation to repay any outstanding amount under the 2023 and 2024 Unsecured Term Loans. Among other covenants, the 2023 and 2024 Unsecured Term Loans require that BPLP maintain on an ongoing basis: (1) a leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, however, the leverage ratio may increase to no greater than 65% provided that it is reduced back to 60% within one year, (2) a secured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 55%, (3) a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.40 to 1.00, (4) an unsecured debt leverage ratio not to exceed 60%, however, the unsecured debt leverage ratio may increase to no greater than 65% provided that it is reduced to 60% within one year, (5) an unsecured debt interest coverage ratio of at least 1.75 to 1.00 and (6) limitations on permitted investments. At December 31, 2024, BPLP was in compliance with each of these financial and other covenant requirements.
Unsecured Commercial Paper
On April 17, 2024, BPLP established an unsecured commercial paper program. Under the terms of the program, BPLP may issue, from time to time, unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any one time of $500.0 million with varying maturities of up to one year. Amounts available under the unsecured commercial paper program may be borrowed, repaid, and re-borrowed from time to time. The notes are sold in private placements and rank pari passu with all of BPLP’s other unsecured senior indebtedness, including its outstanding senior notes. The commercial paper program is backstopped by available capacity under the 2021 Credit Facility. At December 31, 2024, BPLP had an aggregate of $500.0 million of unsecured commercial paper notes outstanding that bore interest at a weighted-average rate of approximately 4.79% per annum and had a weighted-average maturity of 38 days from the issuance date.
8. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
BPLP’s agreements with derivative counterparties contain provisions whereby if BPLP defaults on the underlying indebtedness, including defaults where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then BPLP could also be declared in default of the swap derivative obligation. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had not posted any collateral related to the agreements.
Effective Hedge Instruments
BPLP assesses the effectiveness of its derivatives both at inception and on an ongoing basis. If the hedges are deemed to be effective, the fair value is recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and is subsequently reclassified into “Interest expense” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. BPLP’s derivative financial instruments are cash flow hedges that are designated as effective hedges, and they are carried at their estimated fair value on a recurring basis (See Note 2). The Company did not incur ineffectiveness during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
BPLP’s and SMBP LLC’s derivative contracts consisted of the following at December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
Derivative Instrument Aggregate Notional Amount Strike Rate Range Balance Sheet Location
Effective Date Maturity Date Low High Fair Value
BPLP:
Interest Rate Swaps $ 600,000 December 15, 2023 October 26, 2028 3.790 % - 3.798 % Prepaid expenses and other assets $ 4,042
Interest Rate Swaps 100,000 September 27, 2024 April 1, 2025 2.688 % - 2.688 % Prepaid expenses and other assets 401
700,000 4,443
SMBP LLC (1)
Interest Rate Swaps 200,000 December 14, 2023 April 1, 2025 2.661 % - 2.688 % Prepaid expenses and other assets 809
$ 900,000 $ 5,252
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(1)A consolidated subsidiary of the Company that is the borrower under the mortgage loan collateralized by its Santa Monica Business Park property.
The following table presents the location in the financial statements of the gains or (losses) recognized as a result of the Company’s cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
Amount of gain (loss) related to the effective portion recognized in other comprehensive income (1) $ 9,202 $ (14,405) $ 19,396
Amount of gain (loss) related to the effective portion subsequently reclassified to earnings (2) $ 12,618 $ 6,703 $ 6,707
Amount of gain (loss) related to the ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing $ - $ - $ -
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(1)Includes the Company’s share of gain (loss) related to the effective portion of derivatives outstanding at its unconsolidated joint venture properties.
(2)Includes amounts from previous interest rate programs.
BPLP has formally documented all of its relationships between hedge instruments and hedging items, as well as its risk-management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. While management believes its judgments are reasonable, a change in a derivative's effectiveness as a hedge could materially affect expenses, net income (loss) and equity.
Ineffective Hedging Instruments
During the year ended December 31, 2023, to satisfy a lender requirement, the Company entered into two agreements with the same third-party to purchase and sell a $600.0 million interest rate cap. The Company did not elect hedge accounting, and as such, any change in market value will be recognized in Gain (losses) from interest rate contracts in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized approximately $79,000 of loss on its Consolidated Statement of Operations from entering into these agreements. There was no ineffectiveness recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024.
9. Commitments and Contingencies
General
In the normal course of business, the Company guarantees its performance of services or indemnifies third parties against its negligence. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company guarantees to certain tenants the obligations of the Company’s subsidiaries to pay tenant improvement allowances and brokerage commissions in connection with their leases and limited costs arising from delays in delivery of their premises.
The Company had letter of credit and performance obligations related to lender and development requirements that total approximately $20.3 million at December 31, 2024.
Certain of the Company’s joint venture agreements include provisions whereby, at certain specified times, each partner has the right to initiate a purchase or sale of its interest in the joint venture. From time to time, under certain of the Company’s joint venture agreements, if certain return thresholds are achieved, either the Company or its partners may be entitled to receive an additional promoted interest or payments.
From time to time, the Company (or ventures in which the Company has an ownership interest) has agreed, and may in the future agree, to (1) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts in connection with their borrowings, (2) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) in connection with their borrowings and (3) provide guarantees to lenders, tenants and other third parties for the completion of development projects. The Company has agreements with its third-party joint venture partners whereby the partners agree to reimburse the joint venture for their share of any payments made under the guarantee. In some cases, the Company earns a fee from the applicable joint venture for providing the guarantee.
In connection with the refinancing of 767 Fifth Avenue’s (the General Motors Building) secured loan by the Company’s consolidated joint venture entity, 767 Venture, LLC, the Company guaranteed the consolidated entity’s obligation to fund various reserves for tenant improvement costs and allowances, leasing commissions and free rent obligations in lieu of cash deposits. As of December 31, 2024, the maximum funding obligation under the guarantee was approximately $6.4 million. The Company earns a fee from the joint venture for providing the guarantee and has an agreement with the outside partners to reimburse the joint venture for their share of any payments made under the guarantee. As of December 31, 2024, no amounts related to the guarantee were recorded as liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In connection with the sale of Metropolitan Square, an approximately 657,000 square foot office building in Washington, DC in which the Company had a 20% equity interest, the Company agreed to become a co-lender of up to $20.0 million under a mezzanine loan. The mezzanine loan has a maximum principal amount of $100.0 million, and it is subordinate only to an existing senior loan. The mezzanine loan may be drawn upon for future lease-up, operating and other costs on an as-needed basis, and amounts borrowed will bear interest at a per annum rate of 12%, compounded monthly. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has funded approximately $4.9 million under the mezzanine loan.
Legal Matters
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters are generally covered by insurance. Management believes that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or liquidity of the Company.
In connection with the acquisition of an office property in New York City in 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with the seller pursuant to which the seller could earn various fees (i.e., Fixed, Additional and Final Fees) based on the future leasing performance of the property. The Company initially accrued approximately $1.5 million as an estimate of the fees it would owe the seller. In 2020, the seller filed suit against the Company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, claiming that consideration significantly in excess of the initial reserve amount is owed under the agreement. The disagreement between the Company and the seller involves material issues of contract interpretation and, more importantly, the method of calculating fees, including various inputs (both facts and assumptions) that drive the calculations.
On January 25, 2024, the New York Supreme Court granted in part the seller’s motion for summary judgment finding that the Company owes the seller an “Additional Fee” and a “Final Fee” under the terms of the parties’ purchase agreement. The court issued a follow-on order on February 8, 2024, confirming its earlier order that the seller is entitled to the fees described in the parties’ agreement. Other than the “Fixed Fee,” which BXP agreed to pay and for which it had established a reserve of approximately $2.2 million (including interest), the amount of the fees (if any) that are due to the seller has not been determined. On December 9, 2024, the court issued a judgment awarding the seller the Fixed Fee (including interest) of approximately $2.7 million and BXP paid this fee following the judgment. For the Additional Fee and Final Fee, the seller submitted a request for the appointment of a Special Referee on January 7, 2025. Separately, the Company filed a notice of appeal on January 15, 2025 to preserve the Company’s ability to appeal the grant of summary judgment on the question of whether the Company is liable for payment of the Additional Fee and Final Fee. The Company has until July 15, 2025 (six months from the notice of appeal) to perfect the appeal.
The issue of an award of damages for the Additional Fee and the Final Fee remains outstanding with the court pending a determination by the Special Referee, which the court appointed on February 18, 2025. The Company disputes the seller’s calculations and intends to continue defending itself vigorously. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail in the lawsuit. If the court ultimately agrees with the seller’s calculations, then amounts due to the seller could theoretically be as high as the additional $31 million claimed in the seller’s complaint, plus interest. Although the Company disputes those calculations, there can be no assurance that the Company’s ultimate liability will not be material.
On April 26, 2024, Brammer Bio MA, LLC (“Brammer”), a subsidiary of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and an abutter to the Company’s 290 Binney Street development project located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, filed a complaint in Superior Court in Suffolk County, Massachusetts against the Company relating to certain ongoing construction activities.
In the first quarter of 2023, the Company commenced development of 290 Binney Street, an approximately 573,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences property that is 100% pre-leased to AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals (“AstraZeneca”). The Company has a 55% interest in the joint venture that owns 290 Binney Street. Brammer subleases the premises at 250 Binney Street, the Company’s approximately 67,000 net rentable square foot life sciences property that is adjacent to 290 Binney Street.
Brammer alleged that, as a result of the Company’s construction of 290 Binney Street, it is threatened with irreparable harm due to intrusion onto the 250 Binney Street premises and the loss of its property rights. Brammer also alleged that the 290 Binney Street development project has caused and is causing major disruption to its manufacturing operations, and that it has suffered and will continue to suffer damages in the form of losses to its clients and customers. Brammer brought the action for quiet title, breach of contract, trespass and nuisance, and it is seeking declaratory and injunctive relief and specific performance purportedly to protect its property interests in the premises located at 250 Binney Street.
On May 16, 2024, Brammer’s motion for a preliminary injunction was denied by the trial court. Brammer subsequently appealed that decision, electing pursuant to Massachusetts civil procedure rules to petition for appeals to both a single justice of the Massachusetts Appeals Court and to a full appellate panel. On July 16, 2024, the single justice assigned to the appeal issued an order declining to rule on the substance of the appeal petition. Brammer still has the right to pursue the full panel hearing, although no date has been set for any such hearing.
The Company believes it has meritorious defenses against Brammer’s claims and intends to defend against them vigorously. However, there can be no assurance the Company will prevail in the litigation. If the Company is enjoined from further construction activities, it could suffer delays in construction that could result in its failure to deliver a completed building on the schedule contemplated by the Company’s lease with AstraZeneca or at all, and this could result in owing financial penalties to AstraZeneca and other third parties. Although the Company is unable to estimate a range of loss for all related matters for which losses are reasonably possible, if the court grants injunctive relief or awards monetary damages to Brammer, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.
The Company is a named defendant in an alleged collective and class action wage and hour lawsuit filed on behalf of certain individuals who provided off-duty, uniformed security services at the Company’s buildings in New York City pursuant to the New York Police Department’s Paid Detail Program. In addition to the Company, the plaintiffs also named as defendants more than eighty (80) other companies. The plaintiffs filed the lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on January 24, 2025, and brought the claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, the New York Labor Law and the Freelance Isn’t Free Act. The plaintiffs subsequently amended the complaint on February 7, 2025 and requested leave to file a second amended complaint on February 12, 2025. Each of the complaints alleges that the plaintiffs were not paid certain wages owed to them or were not paid in a timely manner and that the plaintiffs did not receive certain wage payment notices required by law. The Company has not yet filed a responsive pleading and discovery has not yet commenced. Although the Company believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims and intends to defend against them vigorously, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail in the lawsuit.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Management of the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of tenants and may require tenants to provide some form of credit support such as corporate guarantees, security deposits and/or other financial guarantees. Although the Company’s properties are geographically diverse and tenants operate in a variety of
industries, to the extent the Company has a significant concentration of rental revenue from any single tenant, the inability of that tenant to make its lease payments could have an adverse effect on the Company.
Insurance
The Company’s property insurance program per occurrence limits are $1.0 billion for its portfolio insurance program, including coverage for acts of terrorism other than nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism (“Terrorism Coverage”). The Company also carries $1.35 billion of property insurance in excess of the $1.0 billion of coverage in the Company’s property insurance program for 601 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York, consisting of $750 million of property and Terrorism Coverage in excess of the Company’s property insurance program and $600 million of Terrorism Coverage only in excess of the $1.75 billion of coverage. Certain properties, including the General Motors Building located at 767 Fifth Avenue in New York, New York (“767 Fifth Avenue”), are currently insured in separate insurance programs. The property insurance program per occurrence limits for 767 Fifth Avenue are $1.625 billion, including Terrorism Coverage. The Company also currently carries nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological terrorism insurance coverage for acts of terrorism certified under the Federal Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (as amended, “TRIA”) (“NBCR Coverage”), which is provided by IXP, LLC (“IXP”) as a direct insurer, for the properties in the Company’s portfolio, including 767 Fifth Avenue, but excluding certain other properties owned in joint ventures with third parties or which the Company manages. The per occurrence limit for NBCR Coverage is $1.0 billion. Under TRIA, after the payment of the required deductible and coinsurance, the NBCR Coverage provided by IXP is backstopped by the Federal Government if the aggregate industry insured losses resulting from a certified act of terrorism exceed a “program trigger.” The program trigger is $200 million, the coinsurance is 20% and the deductible is 20% of the premiums earned by the insurer for the year prior to a claim. If the Federal Government pays out for a loss under TRIA, it is mandatory that the Federal Government recoup the full amount of the loss from insurers offering TRIA coverage after the payment of the loss pursuant to a formula in TRIA. The Company may elect to terminate the NBCR Coverage if the Federal Government seeks recoupment for losses paid under TRIA, if TRIA is not extended after its expiration on December 31, 2027, if there is a change in its portfolio or for any other reason. The Company intends to continue to monitor the scope, nature and cost of available terrorism insurance.
The Company also currently carries earthquake insurance on its properties located in areas known to be subject to earthquakes. Specifically, the Company currently carries earthquake insurance which covers its San Francisco and Los Angeles regions with a $330 million per occurrence limit, and a $330 million annual aggregate limit, $30 million of which is provided by IXP, as a direct insurer. This insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. In addition, the Company currently carries earthquake insurance which covers its Seattle region with a $110 million per occurrence limit, and a $110 million annual aggregate limit. This insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 2% of the value of the affected property. The amount of the Company’s earthquake insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover losses from earthquakes. In addition, the amount of earthquake coverage could impact the Company’s ability to finance properties subject to earthquake risk. The Company may discontinue earthquake insurance or change the structure of its earthquake insurance program on some or all of its properties in the future if the premiums exceed the Company’s estimation of the value of the coverage.
IXP, a captive insurance company which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acts as a direct insurer with respect to a portion of the Company’s earthquake insurance coverage for its Greater San Francisco and Los Angeles properties and the Company’s NBCR Coverage. Insofar as the Company owns IXP, it is responsible for its liquidity and capital resources, and the accounts of IXP are part of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In particular, if a loss occurs which is covered by the Company’s NBCR Coverage but is less than the applicable program trigger under TRIA, IXP would be responsible for the full amount of the loss without any backstop by the Federal Government. IXP would also be responsible for any recoupment charges by the Federal Government in the event losses are paid out and its insurance policy is maintained after the payout by the Federal Government. If the Company experiences a loss and IXP is required to pay under its insurance policy, the Company would ultimately record the loss to the extent of the required payment. Therefore, insurance coverage provided by IXP should not be considered as the equivalent of third-party insurance, but rather as a modified form of self-insurance. In addition, BPLP has issued a guarantee to cover liabilities of IXP in the amount of $20.0 million.
The Company continues to monitor the state of the insurance market in general, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism, earthquakes, pandemics and cybersecurity incidents, in particular, but the Company cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years. There are other types of losses, such as from wars, for which the Company cannot obtain insurance at all or at a reasonable cost. With respect to such losses and losses from acts of terrorism, earthquakes, pandemics or other
catastrophic events, if the Company experiences a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, the Company could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties, as well as the anticipated future revenues from those properties. Depending on the specific circumstances of each affected property, it is possible that the Company could be liable for mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any such loss could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
State and Local Tax Matters
Because BXP is organized and qualifies as a REIT, it is generally not subject to federal income taxes, but is subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which the Company owns real estate either have undergone, or are currently undergoing, tax audits. Although the Company believes that it has substantial arguments in favor of its positions in the ongoing audits, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance on the specific point at issue. Collectively, tax deficiency notices received to date from the jurisdictions conducting the ongoing audits have not been material. However, there can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.
Environmental Matters
It is the Company’s policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct or update Phase I environmental assessments (which generally do not involve invasive techniques such as soil or ground water sampling) and asbestos surveys in connection with the Company’s acquisition of properties. These pre-purchase environmental assessments have not revealed environmental conditions that the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on its business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and the Company is not otherwise aware of environmental conditions with respect to its properties that the Company believes would have such a material adverse effect. However, from time to time environmental conditions at the Company’s properties have required and may in the future require environmental testing and/or regulatory filings, as well as remedial action.
In February 1999, the Company (through a joint venture) acquired from Exxon Corporation a property in Massachusetts that was formerly used as a petroleum bulk storage and distribution facility and was known by the state regulatory authority to contain soil and groundwater contamination. The Company developed an office park on the property. The Company engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to oversee the management of contaminated soil and groundwater that was disturbed in the course of construction. Under the property acquisition agreement, Exxon agreed to (1) bear the liability arising from releases or discharges of oil and hazardous substances which occurred at the site prior to the Company’s ownership, (2) continue monitoring and/or remediating such releases and discharges as necessary and appropriate to comply with applicable requirements, and (3) indemnify the Company for certain losses arising from preexisting site conditions. Any indemnity claim may be subject to various defenses and contractual limitations, including time limits, and there can be no assurance that the amounts paid under the indemnity, if any, would be sufficient to cover the liabilities arising from any such releases and discharges.
Environmental investigations at some of the Company’s properties and certain properties owned by affiliates of the Company have identified groundwater contamination migrating from off-site source properties. In each case the Company engaged a licensed environmental consultant to perform the necessary investigations and assessments and to prepare any required submittals to the regulatory authorities. In each case the environmental consultant concluded that the properties qualify under the regulatory program or the regulatory practice for a status which eliminates certain deadlines for conducting response actions at a site. The Company also believes that these properties qualify for liability relief under certain statutory provisions or regulatory practices regarding upgradient releases. Although the Company believes that the current or former owners of the upgradient source properties may bear responsibility for some or all of the costs of addressing the identified groundwater contamination, the Company will take such further response actions (if any) that it deems necessary or advisable. Other than periodic testing at some of these properties, no such additional response actions are anticipated at this time.
Some of the Company’s properties and certain properties owned by the Company’s affiliates are located in urban, industrial and other previously developed areas where fill or current or historical uses of the areas have caused site contamination. Accordingly, it is sometimes necessary to institute special soil and/or groundwater handling procedures and/or include particular building design features in connection with development, construction and other property operations in order to achieve regulatory closure and/or ensure that contaminated materials are addressed in an appropriate manner. In these situations, it is the Company’s practice to investigate the nature and
extent of detected contamination, including potential issues associated with vapor intrusion concerns and/or potential contaminant migration to or from the subject property in ground water, assess potential liability risks and estimate the costs of required response actions and special handling procedures. The Company then uses this information as part of its decision-making process with respect to the acquisition, deal structure and/or development of the property. For example, the Company owns a parcel in Massachusetts which was formerly used as a quarry/asphalt batching facility. Pre-purchase testing indicated that the site contained relatively low levels of certain contaminants. The Company has developed an office park on this property. Prior to and during redevelopment activities, the Company engaged a specially licensed environmental consultant to monitor environmental conditions at the site and prepare necessary regulatory submittals based on the results of an environmental risk characterization. A submittal has been made to the regulatory authorities in order to achieve regulatory closure at this site. The submittal included an environmental deed restriction that mandates compliance with certain protective measures in a portion of the site where low levels of residual soil contamination have been left in place in accordance with applicable laws.
The Company expects that resolution of the environmental matters relating to the above will not have a material impact on its business, assets, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, the Company cannot assure you that it has identified all environmental liabilities at its properties, that all necessary remediation actions have been or will be undertaken at the Company’s properties or that the Company will be indemnified, in full or at all or that the Company will have insurance coverage, in the event that such environmental liabilities arise.
10. Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests relate to the interests in BPLP not owned by BXP and interests in consolidated property partnerships not wholly-owned by the Company. As of December 31, 2024, the noncontrolling interests in BPLP consisted of the following:
OP Units LTIP Units (1) 2022 MYLTIP Units 2023 MYLTIP Units 2024 MYLTIP Units
15,730,882 2,335,229 252,151 322,053 330,479
__________
(1)Includes 617,961 LTIP Units earned by employees under the Company’s multi-year long-term incentive awards granted between 2012 and 2021 (i.e., 2012 OPP and 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP awards).
Noncontrolling Interest-Common Units
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 1,147,013 and 102,699 OP Units, respectively, were presented by the holders for redemption (including an aggregate of 122,241 and 94,863 OP Units, respectively, issued upon conversion of LTIP Units, 2012 OPP Units and MYLTIP Units) and were redeemed by BXP in exchange for an equal number of shares of Common Stock.
At December 31, 2024, BPLP had outstanding the 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units. Prior to the end of the respective three-year performance period for each plan, holders of MYLTIP Units are entitled to receive per unit distributions equal to one-tenth (10%) of the regular quarterly distributions payable on an OP Unit, but will not be entitled to receive any special distributions. After the three-year performance period for each plan has ended, (1) the number of MYLTIP Units, both vested and unvested, that MYLTIP award recipients have earned, if any, based on the establishment of a performance pool, will be entitled to receive distributions in an amount per unit equal to distributions, both regular and special, payable on an OP Unit and (2) with respect to the 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units, the Company will make a “catch-up” cash payment on the MYLTIP Units that are ultimately earned in an amount equal to the regular and special dividends, if any, declared during the performance period on a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units that are earned, less the distributions actually paid during the performance period on all of the awarded 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units.
On February 4, 2022, the three-year measurement period for the Company’s 2019 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 69.0% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $8.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 144,043 2019 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 3, 2023, the three-year measurement period for the Company’s 2020 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 50% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $3.8 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 152,460 2020 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 1, 2024, the three-year measurement period for the Company’s 2021 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s absolute and relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 112% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $12.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 155,625 2021 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
The following table presents BPLP’s distributions on the OP Units and LTIP Units and MYLTIP Units paid or declared during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Record Date Payment Date Distributions per OP Unit and LTIP Unit Distributions per MYLTIP Unit
December 31, 2024 January 30, 2025 $0.98 $0.098
September 30, 2024 October 31, 2024 $0.98 $0.098
June 28, 2024 July 31, 2024 $0.98 $0.098
March 28, 2024 April 30, 2024 $0.98 $0.098
December 29, 2023 January 30, 2024 $0.98 $0.098
September 29, 2023 October 31, 2023 $0.98 $0.098
June 30, 2023 July 31, 2023 $0.98 $0.098
March 31, 2023 April 28, 2023 $0.98 $0.098
December 30, 2022 January 30, 2023 $0.98 $0.098
September 30, 2022 October 31, 2022 $0.98 $0.098
June 30, 2022 July 29, 2022 $0.98 $0.098
March 31, 2022 April 29, 2022 $0.98 $0.098
December 31, 2021 January 28, 2022 $0.98 $0.098
A holder of an OP Unit may present the OP Unit to BPLP for redemption at any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of OP Units to particular holders that may restrict such redemption right for a period of time, generally one year from issuance). Upon presentation of an OP Unit for redemption, BPLP must redeem the OP Unit for cash equal to the then value of a share of Common Stock of BXP. BXP may, in its sole discretion, elect to assume and satisfy the redemption obligation by paying either cash or issuing one share of Common Stock. The value of the OP Units (other than OP Units owned by BXP), and LTIP Units (including the 2012 OPP Units and 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units), assuming in each case that all conditions had been met for the conversion thereof, had all of such units been redeemed at December 31, 2024 was approximately $1.4 billion based on the last reported price of a share of Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange of $74.36 per share on December 31, 2024.
Noncontrolling Interests-Property Partnerships
The noncontrolling interests in property partnerships consist of the outside equity interests in ventures that are consolidated with the financial results of the Company because the Company exercises control over the entities that own the properties. The equity interests in these ventures that are not owned by the Company, totaling approximately $1.9 billion and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are included in Noncontrolling Interests-Property Partnerships on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On March 21, 2024, the Company completed the sale of a 45% interest in 290 Binney Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  The Company retains a 55% ownership interest in the joint venture. The institutional investor funded approximately $97.2 million in cash at closing, which is less than 45% of the agreed upon carrying value of the property immediately prior to the transaction.  The institutional investor will fund all construction costs until its equity balance is proportionate to its ownership percentage, after which the Company and the institutional investor will fund the development project based on their respective ownership interests. The transaction did not qualify as a sale of real estate for financial reporting purposes as the Company continues to effectively control the property and thus will continue to account for the property on a consolidated basis in its financial statements and no gain was recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.  The Company provides customary development, property management and leasing services to the joint venture. 
The Company has accounted for the transaction as an equity transaction and as of March 21, 2024 has recognized noncontrolling interest in its Consolidated Balance Sheets totaling approximately $104.6 million, which is
equal to 45% of the aggregate carrying value of the total equity of the property immediately prior to the transaction.  The difference between the cash proceeds received and the noncontrolling interest recognized, which was approximately $7.5 million, has been reflected as a decrease in additional paid-in capital in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  At the end of each reporting period, there will be a reallocation of the partners’ equity balances such that the ending balance in each partners’ capital account reflects each partners’ claim on net assets. These adjustments will impact additional paid-in capital and noncontrolling interest in property partnerships in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2024, the institutional investor has funded construction costs so that its equity balance is proportionate to its ownership percentage and the Company no longer needs to make adjustments impacting additional paid-in capital and noncontrolling interest in property partnerships in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
290 Binney Street is an approximately 573,000 net rentable square foot laboratory/life sciences development project located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  The  development project is 100% pre-leased to a life sciences company.  
11. Stockholders’ Equity / Partners’ Capital
As of December 31, 2024, BXP had 158,174,995 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
As of December 31, 2024, BXP owned 1,762,411 general partnership units and 156,412,584 limited partnership units in BPLP.
On May 17, 2023, BXP renewed its “at the market” (“ATM”) stock offering program through which it may sell from time to time up to an aggregate of $600.0 million of its Common Stock through sales agents over a three-year period. Under the ATM stock offering program, BXP may also engage in forward sale transactions with affiliates of certain sales agents for the sale of its Common Stock on a forward basis. This program replaced BXP’s prior $600.0 million ATM stock offering program that was scheduled to expire on May 22, 2023. BXP intends to use the net proceeds from any offering for general business purposes, which may include investment opportunities and debt reduction. No shares of Common Stock have been issued under this ATM stock offering program.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, BXP did not issue any shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of options to purchase Common Stock. As a result of the applicable exercise period ending, 103,641 options were forfeited during the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, BXP does not have any outstanding options.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, BXP issued 1,147,013 and 102,699 shares of Common Stock, respectively, in connection with the redemption of an equal number of redeemable OP Units from limited partners.
The following table presents BXP’s dividends per share and BPLP’s distributions per OP Unit and LTIP Unit paid or declared during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Record Date Payment Date Dividend (Per Share) Distribution (Per Unit)
December 31, 2024 January 30, 2025 $0.98 $0.98
September 30, 2024 October 31, 2024 $0.98 $0.98
June 28, 2024 July 31, 2024 $0.98 $0.98
March 28, 2024 April 30, 2024 $0.98 $0.98
December 29, 2023 January 30, 2024 $0.98 $0.98
September 29, 2023 October 31, 2023 $0.98 $0.98
June 30, 2023 July 31, 2023 $0.98 $0.98
March 31, 2023 April 28, 2023 $0.98 $0.98
December 30, 2022 January 30, 2023 $0.98 $0.98
September 30, 2022 October 31, 2022 $0.98 $0.98
June 30, 2022 July 29, 2022 $0.98 $0.98
March 31, 2022 April 29, 2022 $0.98 $0.98
December 31, 2021 January 28, 2022 $0.98 $0.98
12. Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which they may earn revenues and incur expenses and about which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Makers (“CODM”). The CODM decides how resources should be allocated and assesses performance on a recurring basis, at least quarterly. The Company’s CODMs are its Chief Executive Officer and President. The CODMs review operating performance and financial reports by geographic area and property type. In addition, given the size of the Company’s joint venture portfolio, the CODMs utilize the Company’s share of net operating income (“NOI”), which includes the Company’s share of NOI from consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures, as its profit or loss measure in assessing each segment’s performance and deciding how to allocate resources.
The Company’s share of NOI is used by the CODMs to evaluate the profitability and performance of each geographic area on a consistent and comparable basis, supporting decisions on capital resource allocation, including in connection with development, redevelopment, acquisition and disposition activities in each segment. Additionally, the Company believes its share of NOI is useful as a profit or loss measure and believes it provides useful information regarding its results of operations and financial condition because, when compared across periods, it reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition and development activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership.
Asset information by segment is not reported because the Company and the CODMs are not provided with the segment asset information and therefore do not use this measure to assess performance or allocate resources. Asset values for the Company’s properties are reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at historical cost, which may not reflect current market values. Therefore, depreciation and amortization expense is not allocated among segments. The following are not included in the Company’s share of NOI as they are not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level: development and management services revenue, direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts, gains on sales of real estate, gain on sales-type lease, interest and other income (loss), other income - assignment fee, gains (losses) from investments in securities, unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investments, corporate general and administrative expense, payroll and related costs from management services contracts, transaction costs, depreciation and amortization expense, losses from interest rate contracts, impairment loss and interest expense. The Company’s share of NOI presented may not be comparable to what is reported by other REITs or real estate companies that define NOI differently.
The Company’s segments by geographic area are Boston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, DC. The Company also presents information for each segment by property type, including Office (which includes office, life sciences and retail), Residential and Hotel. The Company shows the different property types as the revenue from each type is derived from non-comparable lease structures.
The following tables present reconciliations of Company’s share of NOI to Net Income Attributable to BXP, Inc. and Net Income Attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
BXP
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Company’s share of NOI $ 1,984,056 $ 1,965,106 $ 1,883,796
Add:
Development and management services revenue 28,060 40,850 28,056
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 15,450
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 437,019
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Interest and other income (loss) 60,199 69,964 11,940
Other income - assignment fee - - 6,624
Gains (losses) from investments in securities 4,416 5,556 (6,453)
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investments 546 239 (150)
Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships
186,707 194,365 191,812
Less:
General and administrative expense 159,983 170,158 146,378
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 15,450
Transaction costs 1,597 4,313 2,905
Depreciation and amortization expense 887,191 830,813 749,775
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures 343,177 239,543 59,840
Net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures 129,718 160,695 146,081
Losses from interest rate contracts - 79 -
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Interest expense 645,117 579,572 437,139
Net Income 84,188 291,424 1,020,584
Less:
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Noncontrolling interest-common units of the Operating Partnership
2,400 22,548 96,780
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 $ 190,215 $ 848,947
BPLP
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Company’s share of NOI $ 1,984,056 $ 1,965,106 $ 1,883,796
Add:
Development and management services revenue 28,060 40,850 28,056
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 15,450
Gains on sales of real estate 602 517 441,075
Gain on sales-type lease - - 10,058
Interest and other income (loss) 60,199 69,964 11,940
Other income - assignment fee - - 6,624
Gains (losses) from investments in securities 4,416 5,556 (6,453)
Unrealized gain (loss) on non-real estate investments 546 239 (150)
Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships
186,707 194,365 191,812
Less:
General and administrative expense 159,983 170,158 146,378
Payroll and related costs from management services contracts
16,488 17,771 15,450
Transaction costs 1,597 4,313 2,905
Depreciation and amortization expense 880,383 823,805 742,293
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures 343,177 239,543 59,840
Net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures 129,718 160,695 146,081
Losses from interest rate contracts - 79 -
Impairment loss 13,615 - -
Interest expense 645,117 579,572 437,139
Net Income 90,996 298,432 1,032,122
Less:
Noncontrolling interests in property partnerships 67,516 78,661 74,857
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 23,480 $ 219,771 $ 957,265
The following table presents a reconciliation of Revenue from the Consolidated Financial Statements to Rental Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Year ended December 31,
2024 2023 2022
(in thousands)
Revenue $ 3,407,719 $ 3,273,569 $ 3,108,581
Less:
Development and management services 28,060 40,850 28,056
Direct reimbursements of payroll and related costs from management services contracts 16,488 17,771 15,450
Total rental revenue $ 3,363,171 $ 3,214,948 $ 3,065,075
The following tables presents the Company’s share of NOI for each geographic segment by property type, including Office (which includes office, life sciences and retail), Residential and Hotel for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands).
For the year ended December 31, 2024:
Boston Los Angeles New York San Francisco Seattle Washington, DC Total
Rental Revenue:
Office $ 1,159,460 $ 75,353 $ 1,042,460 $ 522,463 $ 44,080 $ 418,623 $ 3,262,439
Residential 17,198 - - 13,668 - 18,642 49,508
Hotel 51,224 - - - - - 51,224
Total 1,227,882 75,353 1,042,460 536,131 44,080 437,265 3,363,171
% of Grand Totals 36.51 % 2.24 % 31.00 % 15.94 % 1.31 % 13.00 % 100.00 %
Rental Expenses:
Office 427,446 27,537 437,600 199,324 13,170 158,289 1,263,366
Residential 6,495 - - 8,940 - 8,037 23,472
Hotel 35,288 - - - - - 35,288
Total 469,229 27,537 437,600 208,264 13,170 166,326 1,322,126
% of Grand Totals 35.49 % 2.08 % 33.10 % 15.75 % 1.00 % 12.58 % 100.00 %
Net operating income $ 758,653 $ 47,816 $ 604,860 $ 327,867 $ 30,910 $ 270,939 $ 2,041,045
% of Grand Totals 37.18 % 2.35 % 29.63 % 16.06 % 1.51 % 13.27 % 100.00 %
Less: Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (46,487) - (140,220) - - - (186,707)
Add: Company’s share of net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures 35,298 27,367 15,612 18,312 7,788 25,341 129,718
Company’s share of net operating income $ 747,464 $ 75,183 $ 480,252 $ 346,179 $ 38,698 $ 296,280 $ 1,984,056
% of Grand Totals 37.67 % 3.79 % 24.21 % 17.45 % 1.95 % 14.93 % 100.00 %
For the year ended December 31, 2023:
Boston Los Angeles New York San Francisco Seattle Washington, DC Total
Rental Revenue:
Office $ 1,093,840 $ 3,890 $ 1,053,615 $ 539,904 $ 63,830 $ 364,920 $ 3,119,999
Residential 16,452 - - 14,102 - 17,038 47,592
Hotel 47,357 - - - - - 47,357
Total 1,157,649 3,890 1,053,615 554,006 63,830 381,958 3,214,948
% of Grand Totals 36.01 % 0.12 % 32.77 % 17.23 % 1.99 % 11.88 % 100.00 %
Rental Expenses:
Office 393,339 1,431 415,831 194,205 12,387 143,504 1,160,697
Residential 6,378 - - 9,255 - 7,617 23,250
Hotel 32,225 - - - - - 32,225
Total 431,942 1,431 415,831 203,460 12,387 151,121 1,216,172
% of Grand Totals 35.51 % 0.12 % 34.19 % 16.73 % 1.02 % 12.43 % 100.00 %
Net operating income $ 725,707 $ 2,459 $ 637,784 $ 350,546 $ 51,443 $ 230,837 $ 1,998,776
% of Grand Totals 36.31 % 0.12 % 31.91 % 17.54 % 2.57 % 11.55 % 100.00 %
Less: Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (45,730) - (148,635) - - - (194,365)
Add: Company’s share of net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures 34,376 48,818 14,314 16,203 7,494 39,490 160,695
Company’s share of net operating income $ 714,353 $ 51,277 $ 503,463 $ 366,749 $ 58,937 $ 270,327 $ 1,965,106
% of Grand Totals 36.35 % 2.61 % 25.62 % 18.66 % 3.00 % 13.76 % 100.00 %
For the year ended December 31, 2022:
Boston Los Angeles New York San Francisco Seattle Washington, DC Total
Rental Revenue:
Office $ 1,005,156 $ - $ 1,031,479 $ 534,397 $ 31,978 $ 365,402 $ 2,968,412
Residential 15,086 - - 14,769 - 27,326 57,181
Hotel 39,482 - - - - - 39,482
Total 1,059,724 - 1,031,479 549,166 31,978 392,728 3,065,075
% of Grand Totals 34.58 % - % 33.65 % 17.92 % 1.04 % 12.81 % 100.00 %
Rental Expenses:
Office 360,218 - 391,293 183,353 8,386 135,237 1,078,487
Residential 5,961 - - 11,371 - 12,251 29,583
Hotel 27,478 - - - - - 27,478
Total 393,657 - 391,293 194,724 8,386 147,488 1,135,548
% of Grand Totals 34.66 % - % 34.46 % 17.15 % 0.74 % 12.99 % 100.00 %
Net operating income $ 666,067 $ - $ 640,186 $ 354,442 $ 23,592 $ 245,240 $ 1,929,527
% of Grand Totals 34.52 % - % 33.18 % 18.37 % 1.22 % 12.71 % 100.00 %
Less: Net operating income attributable to noncontrolling interests in property partnerships (45,822) - (145,990) - - - (191,812)
Add: Company’s share of net operating income from unconsolidated joint ventures 34,233 53,023 1,594 12,785 7,690 36,756 146,081
Company’s share of net operating income $ 654,478 $ 53,023 $ 495,790 $ 367,227 $ 31,282 $ 281,996 $ 1,883,796
% of Grand Totals 34.75 % 2.81 % 26.32 % 19.49 % 1.66 % 14.97 % 100.00 %
13. Earnings Per Share / Common Unit
BXP
The following table provides a reconciliation of both the net income attributable to BXP, Inc. and the number of common shares used in the computation of basic earnings per share (“EPS”), which is calculated by dividing net income attributable to BXP, Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are also participating securities. As such, unvested restricted common stock of BXP and BPLP’s LTIP Units, 2012 OPP Units and MYLTIP Units are considered participating securities. Participating securities are included in the computation of basic EPS of BXP using the two-class method. Participating securities are included in the computation of diluted EPS of BXP using the if-converted method if the impact is dilutive. Because the 2012 OPP Units and 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units required, and the 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units require, BXP to outperform certain performance thresholds, unless such thresholds have been met by the end of the applicable reporting period, BXP excludes such units from the diluted EPS calculation. Other potentially dilutive common shares, including stock options, restricted stock and other securities of BPLP that are exchangeable for BXP’s Common Stock, and the related impact on earnings, are considered when calculating diluted EPS.
Year ended December 31, 2024
Income
(Numerator) Shares
(Denominator) Per Share
Amount
(in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 157,468 $ 0.09
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation
- 325 -
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 14,272 157,793 $ 0.09
Year ended December 31, 2023
Income
(Numerator) Shares
(Denominator) Per Share
Amount
(in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 190,215 156,863 $ 1.21
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation
- 338 -
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 190,215 157,201 $ 1.21
Year ended December 31, 2022
Income
(Numerator) Shares
(Denominator) Per Share
Amount
(in thousands, except for per share amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 848,947 156,726 $ 5.42
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities
(891) - (0.01)
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. 848,056 156,726 5.41
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation - 411 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to BXP, Inc. $ 848,056 157,137 $ 5.40
BPLP
The following table provides a reconciliation of both the net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the number of common units used in the computation of basic earnings per common unit, which is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership by the weighted-average number of common units outstanding during the period. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are also participating securities. As such, unvested restricted common stock of BXP and BPLP’s LTIP Units, 2012 OPP Units and MYLTIP Units are considered participating securities. Participating securities are included in the computation of basic earnings per common unit using the two-class method. Participating securities are included in the computation of diluted earnings per common unit using the if-converted method if the impact is dilutive. Because the 2012 OPP Units and 2013 - 2021 MYLTIP Units required, and the 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units require, BXP to outperform certain performance thresholds, unless such thresholds have been met by the end of the applicable reporting period, BPLP excludes such units from the diluted earnings per common unit calculation. Other potentially dilutive common units and the related impact on earnings are considered when calculating diluted earnings per common unit. Included in
the number of units (the denominator) below are approximately 17,922,000, 17,933,000 and 17,634,000 redeemable common units for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Year ended December 31, 2024
Income
(Numerator) Units
(Denominator) Per Unit
Amount
(in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 23,480 175,390 $ 0.13
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation - 325 -
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 23,480 175,715 $ 0.13
Year ended December 31, 2023
Income
(Numerator) Units
(Denominator) Per Unit
Amount
(in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 219,771 174,796 $ 1.26
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation - 338 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 219,771 175,134 $ 1.25
Year ended December 31, 2022
Income
(Numerator) Units
(Denominator) Per Unit
Amount
(in thousands, except for per unit amounts)
Basic Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 957,265 174,360 $ 5.49
Allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities
(991) - (0.01)
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership 956,274 174,360 5.48
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Based Compensation - 411 (0.01)
Diluted Earnings:
Net income attributable to Boston Properties Limited Partnership $ 956,274 174,771 $ 5.47
14. Employee Benefit Plans
Effective January 1, 1985, the predecessor of the Company adopted a 401(k) Savings Plan (the “Plan”) for its employees. Upon formation, the Company adopted the Plan and the terms of the Plan.
Under the Plan, as amended, the Company’s matching contribution equals 200% of the first 3% of participant’s eligible earnings contributed (utilizing earnings that are not in excess of an amount established by the IRS ($345,000, $330,000 and $305,000 in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively), indexed for inflation) with no vesting requirement. The Company’s aggregate matching contribution for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $5.9 million, $5.4 million and $4.8 million, respectively.
The Company also maintains a deferred compensation plan that is designed to allow officers of BXP to defer a portion of the officer’s current income on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on these deferrals based on the performance of specific investments selected by the officer. The Company’s obligation under the plan is that of an unsecured promise to pay the deferred compensation to the plan participants in the future. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had maintained approximately $38.7 million and $35.3 million, respectively, in a separate account, which is not restricted as to its use. The Company’s liability under the plan is equal to the total amount of compensation deferred by the plan participants and earnings on the deferred compensation pursuant to investments elected by the plan participants. The Company’s liability as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $38.7 million and $35.3 million, respectively, which are included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
15. Stock Option and Incentive Plan
At the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of stockholders held on May 20, 2021, its stockholders approved the Boston Properties, Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan replaced the Boston Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”) and no further awards will be issued under the 2012 Plan. The material features of the 2021 Plan include, among other things: (i) the maximum number of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under the 2021 Plan is 5,400,000 shares less one share for every one share that was granted between March 4, 2021 and May 19, 2021 under the 2012 Plan, (ii) shares of common stock underlying awards granted under the 2021 Plan or the 2012 Plan that are forfeited, canceled or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) will be added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan and, with respect to “full-value” awards under the 2021 Plan or the 2012 Plan, shares tendered or held back for taxes and shares previously reserved for issuance pursuant to such an award to the extent that such shares are not issued and are no longer issuable pursuant to such an award (e.g., in the event that a full-value award that may be settled in cash or by issuance of shares of common stock is settled in cash) will be added back to the shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan, (iii) the award of stock options (both incentive and non-qualified options), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock, unrestricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, cash-based awards and other equity-based awards (including LTIP Units) is permitted, (iv) stock options may not be repriced and “underwater” stock options may not be exchanged for another award or cash without stockholder approval; and (v) the term of the 2021 Plan ends ten years from the date of stockholder approval, or May 20, 2031.
On January 25, 2024, the Compensation Committee of BXP’s Board of Directors approved the grant of 2024 Multi-Year Long-Term Incentive Program (the “2024 MYLTIP”) awards under the 2021 Plan to certain executive officers of BXP. The 2024 MYLTIP awards consists of three components. Two of the components, each weighted 40%, utilize BXP’s TSR over a three-year measurement period as the performance metrics and the third component utilizes a leverage ratio as the performance metric. Earned awards will range from zero to a maximum of 330,479 LTIP Units depending on BXP’s performance under the three components, with a target of approximately 165,240 LTIP Units. Under ASC 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” the 2024 MYLTIP awards have an aggregate value of approximately $11.1 million.
On February 1, 2024, the three-year measurement period for the Company’s 2021 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s absolute and relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 112% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $12.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 155,625 2021 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 3, 2023, the three-year measurement period for the Company’s 2020 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 50% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $3.8 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 152,460 2020 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On February 4, 2022, the three-year measurement period for the Company’s 2019 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 69.0% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $8.6 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 144,043 2019 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
BXP issued 83,316, 73,762 and 41,818 shares of restricted common stock and BPLP issued 451,044, 430,824 and 280,616 LTIP Units to employees and non-employee directors under the 2012 Plan and the 2021 Plan during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. BXP did not issue any non-qualified stock options under the 2012 Plan or 2021 Plan during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. BPLP issued 330,479 2024 MYLTIP Units, 322,053 2023 MYLTIP Units and 254,061 2022 MYLTIP Units to employees under the 2021 Plan during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Employees and non-employee directors paid $0.01 per share of restricted common stock and $0.25 per LTIP Unit and MYLTIP Unit. When issued, LTIP Units are not economically equivalent in value to a share of Common Stock, but over time can increase in value to one-for-one parity with Common Stock if there is sufficient appreciation in the value of the Company’s assets. The aggregate value of the LTIP Units is included in noncontrolling interests in the Consolidated Balance Sheets of BXP and BPLP. A majority of the grants of restricted common stock and LTIP Units to employees vest in four equal annual installments. Restricted common stock is measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares granted and the closing price of BXP’s Common Stock on the date of grant as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange. Such value is recognized as an expense ratably over the corresponding employee service period. Because the 2012 OPP Units and 2013 - 2024 MYLTIP Units are subject to both a service condition and a market condition, the Company recognizes the related compensation expense under the graded vesting attribution method. Under the graded vesting attribution method, each portion of the award that vests at a different date is accounted for as a separate award and recognized over the period appropriate to that portion so that the compensation cost for each portion should be recognized in full by the time that portion vests. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur on its awards of stock-based compensation. Dividends paid on both vested and unvested shares of restricted stock are charged directly to Dividends in Excess of Earnings in BXP’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and Partners’ Capital in BPLP’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Aggregate stock-based compensation expense associated with restricted stock, LTIP Units and MYLTIP Units was approximately $42.6 million, $50.2 million and $50.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At December 31, 2024, there was (1) an aggregate of approximately $21.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and LTIP Units and (2) no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested 2022 - 2024 MYLTIP Units. The unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and LTIP Units is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years.
The shares of restricted stock were valued at approximately $5.3 million ($63.28 per share weighted-average), $5.4 million ($72.57 per share weighted-average) and $4.7 million ($111.47 per share weighted-average) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
LTIP Units were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation method model in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. LTIP Units issued during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were valued at approximately $26.8 million, $29.9 million and $28.9 million, respectively. The weighted-average per unit fair value of LTIP Unit grants in 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $59.41, $69.29 and $103.06, respectively. The per unit fair value of each LTIP Unit granted in 2024, 2023 and 2022 was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions; an expected life of 5.7 years, 5.7 years and 5.7 years, a risk-free interest rate of 4.03%, 3.67% and 1.71% and an expected price volatility of 36.0%, 32.0% and 31.0%, respectively.
There were no non-qualified stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
A summary of the status of BXP’s stock options as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and changes during the years then ended are presented below:
Shares Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 103,641 $ 97.01
Exercised - $ -
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 103,641 $ 97.01
Forfeited (103,641) $ -
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 - $ -
Exercised - $ -
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 - $ -
There were no stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. In addition, BXP had 103,641 options exercisable and vested at a weighted-average exercise price of $97.01 at December 31, 2022.
BXP adopted the 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Stock Purchase Plan”) to encourage the ownership of Common Stock by eligible employees. The Stock Purchase Plan became effective on January 1, 1999 with an aggregate maximum of 250,000 shares of Common Stock available for issuance. The Stock Purchase Plan provides for eligible employees to purchase on the business day immediately following the end of the biannual purchase periods (i.e., January 1-June 30 and July 1-December 31) shares of Common Stock at a purchase price equal to 85% of the average closing prices of the Common Stock during the last ten business days of the purchase period. BXP issued 17,237, 18,552 and 9,813 shares with the weighted-average purchase price equal to $56.28 per share, $51.93 per share and $87.30 per share under the Stock Purchase Plan during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
16. Related Party Transactions
Raymond A. Ritchey’s brother was employed by a real estate brokerage firm and participated in brokerage activities for which the Company paid the firm approximately $0.5 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s contract with this real estate brokerage firm ended on February 1, 2023 and as a result, it will not pay any further leasing commission to Mr. Ritchey’s brother. Mr. Ritchey is a Senior Executive Vice President of BXP.
On June 5, 2023, a joint venture in which the Company owns a 30% interest repaid the construction loan collateralized by its 500 North Capitol Street, NW property and obtained new mortgage loans with related parties. The new mortgage loans have an aggregate principal balance of $105.0 million, bear interest at a weighted average fixed rate of 6.83% per annum and mature on June 5, 2026. The Company funded $10.5 million of the refinancing at a fixed rate equal to 8.03% per annum. The loan has been reflected as a Related Party Note Receivable, Net on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has recognized interest income of approximately $0.8 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 500 North Capitol Street, NW is an approximately 231,000 net rentable square foot office property in Washington, DC.
On July 13, 2018, the Company entered into a joint venture with a third party to acquire a development site at 3 Hudson Boulevard that, upon the future acquisition of additional available development rights, can accommodate an office tower with up to 2.0 million net rentable square feet located on the entire square block between 11th Avenue and Hudson Boulevard Park from West 34th Street to West 35th Street in New York City. The Company owns a 25% interest in, and is the managing member of the joint venture. The Company provided $80.0 million of mortgage financing to the joint venture that bears interest at a variable rate equal to Term SOFR plus approximately 3.61% per annum and matured on August 7, 2024 and is currently in maturity default. The joint venture is negotiating a new third-party loan, however, there can be no assurance that the joint venture will enter into a new third-party loan on the terms and schedule currently contemplated or at all. The Company is the lender of the loan, and the loan and accrued interest are reflected as Related Party Note Receivables, Net and Tenant and Other Receivables, Net, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has recognized interest income of approximately $11.6 million, $8.9 million and $5.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's policy is to record notes receivable at their unamortized cost, net of any unamortized deferred fees or costs, premiums or discounts and an allowance for credit losses. Loan fees
and direct costs associated with loans originated by the Company are deferred and amortized over the term of the note as interest income.
In accordance with the 2021 Plan, and as approved by its Board of Directors, eight non-employee directors made elections to receive deferred stock units in lieu of cash fees for 2024. As a result of these elections, the aggregate cash fees otherwise payable to a non-employee director during a fiscal quarter are converted into a number of deferred stock units equal to the aggregate cash fees divided by the last reported sales price of a share of BXP’s Common Stock on the last trading of the applicable fiscal quarter. The deferred stock units are also credited with dividend equivalents as dividends are paid by BXP. The deferred stock units may be settled in shares of BXP’s Common Stock upon the cessation of such director’s service on the Board of Directors of BXP. The non-employee director compensation program provides, subject to certain conditions, the non-employee directors holding deferred stock units with the ability to elect, following cessation of their service on BXP’s Board of Directors, to diversify their investment elections into non-employer securities on a pre-tax basis and receive tax-deferred returns on such deferrals, which will ultimately be settled in cash. The Company’s obligation under the plan is that of an unsecured promise to pay the deferred compensation to the non-employee director in the future. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had maintained approximately $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in a separate account, which is not restricted as to its use. The Company’s liability under the plan is equal to the total amount of compensation deferred by the non-employee director and earnings on the deferred compensation pursuant to investments elected by the non-employee director. The Company’s liability as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, which is included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of the non-employee director compensation program require the classification of these deferred stock units as temporary equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership within Redeemable Deferred Stock Units. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, BXP had outstanding 128,227 and 119,471 deferred stock units, respectively.
17. Subsequent Events
On January 2, 2025, a joint venture in which the Company has a 50% ownership interest fully placed in-service 651 Gateway, an approximately 327,000 net rentable square feet laboratory/life sciences project located in South San Francisco, California.
On January 15, 2025, BPLP repaid $850.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.200% senior notes due January 15, 2025. The repayment was completed with available cash and the proceeds from BPLP’s August 2024 offering of unsecured senior notes (See Note 7). The repayment price was approximately $863.6 million, which was equal to the stated principal plus approximately $13.6 million of accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repayment date. Excluding the accrued and unpaid interest, the repayment price was equal to the principal amount being repaid.
On January 22, 2025, BXP’s Compensation Committee approved the 2025 Multi-Year Long-Term Incentive Program (the “2025 MYLTIP”) awards under the 2021 Plan to certain executive officers of BXP. The 2025 MYLTIP awards consists of three components. Two of the components are each weighted 40% and utilize BXP’s TSR and BXP’s diluted FFO per share growth, respectively, over a three year measurement period as the performance metrics and the third component utilizes a leverage ratio as the performance metric. Earned awards will range from zero to a maximum of 354,940 LTIP Units depending on BXP’s performance under the three components, with a target of approximately 177,470 LTIP Units. Under ASC 718, the 2025 MYLTIP awards have an aggregate value of approximately $12.7 million.
On January 31, 2025, the three-year measurement period for the Company’s 2022 MYLTIP awards ended and, based on BXP’s absolute and relative TSR performance, the final payout was determined to be 59% of target, or an aggregate of approximately $5.4 million (after giving effect to employee separations). As a result, an aggregate of 177,919 2022 MYLTIP Units that had been previously granted were automatically forfeited.
On January 31, 2025 and February 4, 2025, BXP issued an aggregate of 47,649 shares of restricted common stock and BPLP issued an aggregate of 388,988 LTIP Units under the 2021 Plan to certain employees of BXP.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
BXP, Inc.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by our management, with the participation of BXP, Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, BXP, Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in BXP, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the fourth quarter of BXP, Inc.’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, BXP, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 102 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by the management of BXP, Inc., the sole general partner of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of BXP, Inc. concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in its internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 115 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
We have adopted an insider trading policy governing the purchase, sale and other dispositions of our securities that applies to all of our directors, officers, employees, other covered persons and BXP, Inc. itself. We believe that our insider trading policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and listing standards applicable to BXP, Inc. A copy of the insider trading policy is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The other information required by Item 10 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to BXP, Inc.’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by Item 11 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to BXP, Inc.’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The following table summarizes BXP, Inc.’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2024.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
(a) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights
(b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1) 5,074,957 (2) N/A (2) 3,576,975 (3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(4) N/A N/A 272,704
Total 5,074,957 N/A 3,849,679
______________
(1)Includes information related to BXP’s 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and 2021 Stock Incentive Plan.
(2)Includes (a) 2,335,229 long term incentive units (LTIP units) (1,567,004 of which are vested) that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (b) 1,706,818 common units issued upon conversion of LTIP units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (c) 252,151 2022 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (d) 322,053 2023 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock, (e) 330,479 2024 MYLTIP Awards that, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, are convertible into common units, which may be presented to BPLP for redemption and acquired by BXP for shares of its common stock and (f) 128,227 deferred stock units which were granted pursuant to elections by certain of BXP’s non-employee directors to defer all cash compensation to be paid to such directors and to receive their deferred cash compensation in shares of BXP’s common stock upon their retirement from its Board of Directors.
Does not include 151,328 shares of restricted stock, as they have been reflected in BXP’s total shares outstanding. Because there is no exercise price associated with LTIP units, common units, 2022 MYLTIP Awards, 2023 MYLTIP Awards, 2024 MYLTIP Awards or deferred stock units, such shares are not included in the weighed-average exercise price calculation.
(3)Represents awards available for issuance under BXP’s 2021 Stock Incentive Plan.
(4)Includes information related to the 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The ESPP was adopted by the Board of Directors of BXP on October 29, 1998 and approved by BXP’s stockholders on May 22, 2024.
The ESPP is available to all our employees that are employed on the first day of a purchase period. Under the ESPP, each eligible employee may purchase shares of our common stock at semi-annual intervals each year at a purchase price equal to 85% of the average closing prices of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange during the last ten business days of the purchase period. Each eligible employee may contribute no more than $25,000 per year to purchase our common stock under the ESPP.
Additional information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management required by Item 12 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to BXP, Inc.’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by Item 13 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to BXP, Inc.’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by Item 14 will be included in the Proxy Statement to be filed relating to BXP, Inc.’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Financial Statement Schedule
BXP, Inc.
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives (Years)
Land Building
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) Office New York, NY $ 2,291,498 $ 1,796,252 $ 1,532,654 $ 393,520 $ 1,796,252 $ 1,926,174 $ - $ - $ 3,722,426 $ 567,621 1968/2019 2013 (1)
Prudential Center Office Boston, MA - 92,077 948,357 833,604 115,632 1,758,406 - - 1,874,038 821,046 1965/1993/2002/2016-2017/2024 1998/1999/2000 (1)
Embarcadero Center Office San Francisco, CA - 179,697 847,410 570,259 195,986 1,401,380 - - 1,597,366 829,400 1970/1989 1998-1999 (1)
399 Park Avenue Office New York, NY - 339,200 700,358 419,566 354,107 1,105,017 - - 1,459,124 522,555 1961/2018 2002 (1)
601 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY 990,529 241,600 494,782 568,356 289,639 1,015,099 - - 1,304,738 398,796 1977/1997/2021 2001 (1)
200 Clarendon Street and Garage Office Boston, MA - 219,543 667,884 288,694 257,203 918,918 - - 1,176,121 370,980 1976 2010 (1)
Salesforce Tower Office San Francisco, CA - 200,349 946,205 7,655 200,349 953,860 - - 1,154,209 188,376 2018 2013 (1)
250 West 55th Street Office New York, NY - 285,263 603,167 51,331 285,263 654,498 - - 939,761 215,386 2014 2007 (1)
100 Federal Street Office Boston, MA - 131,067 435,954 138,639 131,067 574,593 - - 705,660 189,447 1971-1975/2017 2012 (1)
7 Times Square (formerly Times Square Tower) Office New York, NY - 165,413 380,438 149,990 169,193 526,648 - - 695,841 264,411 2004 2000 (1)
Madison Centre Office Seattle, WA - 104,641 564,336 5,126 104,641 569,462 - - 674,103 56,212 2017 2022 (1)
Carnegie Center Office Princeton, NJ - 142,666 316,856 184,814 94,243 491,116 58,977 - 644,336 279,961 1983-2016 1998/1999/2000/2007/2014/2017/2019 (1)
Santa Monica Business Park Office Los Angeles, CA 198,021 46,360 410,421 177,576 210,471 423,775 111 - 634,357 18,660 1976-1980 2023 (1)
Reston Next Office Reston, VA - 35,549 525,277 5,860 2,901 563,785 - - 566,686 51,052 2022 1998 (1)
Atlantic Wharf Office Boston, MA - 63,988 454,537 42,166 63,988 496,703 - - 560,691 195,192 2011 2007 (1)
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue Office Washington, DC - 185,203 324,206 4,433 185,203 328,639 - - 513,842 34,319 2023 N/A (1)
599 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY - 81,040 100,507 269,410 87,852 363,105 - - 450,957 212,251 1986 1997 (1)
Fountain Square Office Reston, VA - 56,853 306,298 56,795 56,853 363,093 - - 419,946 125,277 1986-1990 2012 (1)
510 Madison Avenue Office New York, NY - 103,000 253,665 37,287 103,000 290,952 - - 393,952 111,209 2012 2010 (1)
325 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA - (2) 21,596 312,492 42,325 21,596 354,817 - - 376,413 25,113 2022 1997 (1)
680 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA - 72,545 219,766 12,577 72,545 232,343 - - 304,888 87,930 2014 2012 (1)
145 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - 121 273,013 26,980 23,367 276,747 - - 300,114 43,888 2019 1997 (1)
2200 Pennsylvania Avenue Office Washington, DC - - 183,541 116,540 101,734 198,347 - - 300,081 75,450 2011 2008 (1)
South of Market and Democracy Tower Office Reston, VA - 13,603 237,479 31,096 13,687 268,491 - - 282,178 118,780 2008-2009 2003 (1)
Bay Colony Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA - 18,789 148,451 95,025 18,789 238,765 4,711 - 262,265 118,253 1985-1989 2011 (1)
535 Mission Street Office San Francisco, CA - 40,933 148,378 6,325 40,934 154,702 - - 195,636 50,973 2015 2013 (1)
BXP, Inc.
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives (Years)
Land Building
Mountain View Research Park Office Mountain View, CA - 95,066 68,373 21,315 95,066 89,688 - - 184,754 37,048 1977-1981/2007-2013 2013 (1)
Reservoir Place Office Waltham, MA - 18,605 104,124 55,829 20,108 158,450 - - 178,558 91,828 1955/1987/2017 1997/1998 (1)
140 Kendrick Street Office Needham, MA - 18,095 66,905 72,615 19,092 138,523 - - 157,615 52,387 2000/2023 2004 (1)
901 New York Avenue Office Washington, DC 201,692 65,808 72,970 13,225 65,808 86,195 - - 152,003 4,253 2004 2024 (1)
1330 Connecticut Avenue Office Washington, DC - 25,982 82,311 39,773 27,135 120,931 - - 148,066 58,777 1984/2018 2004 (1)
One Freedom Square Office Reston, VA - 9,929 84,504 47,580 11,293 130,720 - - 142,013 73,356 2000 2003 (1)
Two Freedom Square Office Reston, VA - 13,930 77,739 46,236 15,420 122,485 - - 137,905 50,676 2001 2003 (1)
One and Two Reston Overlook Office Reston, VA - 16,456 66,192 49,596 16,179 116,065 - - 132,244 64,247 1999 2000 (1)
Kingstowne Towne Center Office Alexandria, VA - 18,021 109,038 4,296 18,062 113,293 - - 131,355 57,756 2003-2006 2007 (1)
Weston Corporate Center Office Weston, MA - 25,753 92,312 1,630 25,854 93,841 - - 119,695 44,575 2010 2001 (1)
Discovery Square Office Reston, VA - 11,198 71,782 33,904 12,533 104,351 - - 116,884 62,220 2001 2003 (1)
Shady Grove Innovation District
Office Rockville, MD - 52,030 64,212 (284) 26,834 35,014 54,110 - 115,958 5,526 1968-1985 2021 (1)
355 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA 594,869 18,863 53,346 41,772 21,173 92,808 - - 113,981 39,649 1981/1996/2013 2006 (1)
17Fifty Presidents Street Office Reston, VA - - 113,362 162 - 113,524 - - 113,524 21,016 2020 2013 (1)
10 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 1,953 85,752 7,023 2,288 92,440 - - 94,728 26,693 2016 1997 (1)
Waltham Weston Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA - 10,385 60,694 22,745 11,097 82,727 - - 93,824 48,609 2003 1999 (1)
90 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - (2) 19,104 52,078 22,168 20,785 72,565 - - 93,350 33,396 1983/1998/2013 2006 (1)
Sumner Square Office Washington, DC - 624 28,745 60,966 27,441 62,894 - - 90,335 29,739 1985 1999 (1)
230 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 13,189 49,823 25,075 13,807 74,280 - - 88,087 41,800 1992 2005 (1)
77 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 13,847 60,383 10,648 14,023 70,855 - - 84,878 30,750 2008 2001 (1)
20 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 4,887 72,764 7,072 4,887 79,836 - - 84,723 16,456 2020 2007 (1)
Wisconsin Place Office Chevy Chase, MD - - 53,349 26,100 - 79,449 - - 79,449 31,223 2009 2004 (1)
2440 West El Camino Real Office Mountain View, CA - 16,741 51,285 6,565 16,741 57,850 - - 74,591 23,427 1987/2003 2011 (1)
Reston Corporate Center Office Reston, VA - 9,135 50,857 4,489 10,148 54,333 - - 64,481 35,620 1984 1998 (1)
890 Winter Street Office Waltham, MA - 13,913 28,557 19,104 13,913 47,661 - - 61,574 9,397 1999 2019 (1)
255 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA - 134 25,110 33,766 548 58,462 - - 59,010 45,819 1987 1997 (1)
University Place Office Cambridge, MA - - 37,091 15,149 4,145 48,095 - - 52,240 38,992 1985 1998 (1)
Capital Gallery Office Washington, DC - 4,725 29,565 10,374 8,662 36,002 - - 44,664 25,075 1981/2006 2007 (1)
North First Business Park Office San Jose, CA - 23,398 13,069 6,116 23,378 19,205 - - 42,583 17,852 1981 2007 (1)
150 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - 850 25,042 15,749 1,323 40,318 - - 41,641 20,185 1999 1997 (1)
105 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - 1,299 12,943 12,723 2,395 24,570 - - 26,965 18,114 1990 1997 (1)
Lexington Office Park Office Lexington, MA - 998 1,426 19,738 1,263 19,233 1,666 - 22,162 17,298 1982 1997 (1)
The Point Office Waltham, MA - 6,395 10,040 546 6,492 10,489 - - 16,981 2,969 2015 2007 (1)
690 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA - 3,219 11,038 1,877 3,219 12,915 - - 16,134 4,723 2015 2012 (1)
Avant Retail Office Reston, VA - 1,499 6,647 2,577 1,499 9,224 - - 10,723 3,885 2014 2010 (1)
BXP, Inc.
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives (Years)
Land Building
17 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA - 26 150 9,206 65 6,175 3,142 - 9,382 3,831 1968 1997 (1)
32 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA - 168 1,943 6,394 314 8,191 - - 8,505 3,291 1968/1979/1987 1997 (1)
453 Ravendale Drive Office Mountain View, CA - 5,477 1,090 1,286 5,477 2,376 - - 7,853 1,300 1977 2012 (1)
125 Broadway Life Sciences Cambridge, MA - 126,364 433,662 5,580 126,364 439,242 - - 565,606 38,051 2000 2022 (1)
180 CityPoint Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 10,908 211,883 - 10,908 211,883 - - 222,791 6,212 2024 2006 (1)
300 Binney Street Life Sciences Cambridge, MA - 18,080 51,262 148,974 18,080 200,236 - - 218,316 7,923 2024 2009 (1)
880 Winter Street Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 15,597 37,255 95,615 15,597 132,870 - - 148,467 18,179 1998/2022 2019 (1)
200 West Street Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 16,148 24,983 77,709 16,813 101,670 357 - 118,840 33,730 1999/2021 1997 (1)
153 & 211 Second Avenue Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 33,233 55,940 2,352 33,233 58,292 - - 91,525 7,583 1964-2006 2021 (1)
103 CityPoint Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 4,672 77,515 - 4,672 77,515 - - 82,187 569 2024 2007 (1)
250 Binney Street Life Sciences Cambridge, MA - 110 4,483 3,593 273 7,913 - - 8,186 7,473 1983 1997 (1)
33 Hayden Avenue Life Sciences Lexington, MA - 266 3,234 11,502 425 14,577 - - 15,002 10,250 1979 1997 (1)
92-100 Hayden Avenue Life Sciences Lexington, MA - 594 6,748 1,817 778 8,381 - - 9,159 7,456 1985 1997 (1)
The Skylyne Residential Oakland, CA - - 239,077 1,792 - 240,869 - - 240,869 26,207 2020 N/A (1)
Signature at Reston Residential Reston, VA - 27,076 190,580 2,980 27,076 193,560 - - 220,636 32,887 2018 2013 (1)
Proto Kendall Square Residential Cambridge, MA - 9,243 127,248 3,336 9,245 130,582 - - 139,827 21,122 2018 2015 (1)
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf Residential Boston, MA - 3,529 54,891 2,598 3,529 57,489 - - 61,018 20,108 2011 2007 (1)
Boston Marriott Cambridge Hotel Cambridge, MA - 478 37,918 30,031 1,201 66,597 629 - 68,427 53,343 1986/2017 1997 (1)
Kendall Center Green Garage Garage Cambridge, MA - (2) - 35,035 7,335 103 42,267 - - 42,370 19,812 1984 2006 (1)
Kendall Center Yellow Garage Garage Cambridge, MA - 1,256 15,697 1,674 1,434 17,193 - - 18,627 8,248 2006 2004 (1)
290 Binney Street Development Cambridge, MA - - - 575,958 1,054 - - 574,904 575,958 - N/A 1997 N/A
121 Broadway Development Cambridge, MA - - - 102,843 - - - 102,843 102,843 - N/A 1997 N/A
Reston Next Office Phase II Development Reston, VA - - - 45,434 1,692 3,030 - 40,712 45,434 14 N/A 1998 N/A
725 12th Street Development Washington, DC - 26,997 8,369 522 - - - 35,888 35,888 - 1992 2024 N/A
Reston Next Retail Development Reston, VA - - - 10,293 - - - 10,293 10,293 - N/A 1998 N/A
343 Madison Avenue Land New York, NY - - - 240,226 140,558 - 99,668 - 240,226 - N/A 2023 N/A
777 Harrison Street Land San Francisco, CA - 144,647 - 28,366 - 47 172,966 - 173,013 39 N/A 2020 N/A
Back Bay Station Master Plan Land Boston, MA - - - 103,908 24,808 - 79,100 - 103,908 - N/A N/A N/A
3625-3635 Peterson Way Land Santa Clara, CA - 63,206 - 5,185 - - 68,391 - 68,391 - N/A 2016 N/A
North First Master Plan Land San Jose, CA - 35,004 - 4,600 - - 39,604 - 39,604 - N/A 2007 N/A
Plaza at Almaden Land San Jose, CA - - - 38,163 - - 38,163 - 38,163 - N/A 2006 N/A
CityPoint South Master Plan Land Waltham, MA - - - 36,522 - - 36,522 - 36,522 - N/A N/A N/A
Springfield Metro Center Land Springfield, VA - - - 19,913 - - 19,913 - 19,913 - N/A 2007 N/A
Reston Gateway Master Plan Land Reston, VA - - - 17,199 - - 17,199 - 17,199 - N/A 1998 N/A
Kendall Center Master Plan Land Cambridge, MA - - - 16,301 - - 16,301 - 16,301 - N/A 1997 N/A
Weston Quarry Land Weston, MA - - - 1,252 - - 1,252 - 1,252 - N/A 2001 N/A
BXP, Inc.
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives (Years)
Land Building
Broad Run Business Park Land Loudoun County, VA - - - 1,188 - - 1,188 - 1,188 - N/A 1998 N/A
Reston Overlook Master Plan Land Reston, VA - - - 80 - - 80 - 80 - N/A 2000 N/A
$ 4,276,609 (3) $ 5,716,458 $ 15,848,823 $ 6,955,895 $ 6,002,805 (4) $ 21,039,681 (5) $ 714,050 (6) $ 764,640 $ 28,521,176 $ 7,485,502
Note: Total Real Estate does not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment totaling approximately $57,136. Accumulated Depreciation does not include approximately $42,555 of accumulated depreciation related to Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment. Office type includes office, life sciences, and retail properties.
The aggregate cost and accumulated depreciation for tax purposes was approximately $25.9 billion and $6.4 billion, respectively.
(1)Depreciation of the buildings and improvements are calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to 40 years.
(2)This property is encumbered with the mortgage note shown at 355 Main Street.
(3)Includes unamortized deferred financing costs and fair value debt adjustment totaling approximately $(25.7) million.
(4)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases and Right of Use Assets - Operating Leases of approximately $349,314 and $334,767, respectively.
(5)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases of approximately $23,608.
(6)Includes pre-development costs.
BXP, Inc.
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(dollars in thousands)
A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation is as follows:
2024 2023 2022
Real Estate:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 27,421,471 $ 25,744,214 $ 24,108,220
Additions to/improvements of real estate 1,210,558 1,811,036 2,228,000
Assets sold/written-off (110,853) (133,779) (592,006)
Balance at the end of the year $ 28,521,176 $ 27,421,471 $ 25,744,214
Accumulated Depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 6,841,404 $ 6,260,992 $ 5,848,183
Depreciation expense 754,951 714,191 646,020
Assets sold/written-off (110,853) (133,779) (233,211)
Balance at the end of the year $ 7,485,502 $ 6,841,404 $ 6,260,992
Note: Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation amounts do not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building
767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) Office New York, NY $ 2,291,498 $ 1,796,252 $ 1,532,654 $ 393,520 $ 1,796,252 $ 1,926,174 $ - $ - $ 3,722,426 $ 567,621 1968/2019 2013 (1)
Prudential Center Office Boston, MA - 92,077 948,357 774,547 100,533 1,714,448 - - 1,814,981 800,074 1965/1993/2002/2016-2017/2024 1998/1999/2000 (1)
Embarcadero Center Office San Francisco, CA - 179,697 847,410 507,972 180,419 1,354,660 - - 1,535,079 806,969 1970/1989 1998-1999 (1)
399 Park Avenue Office New York, NY - 339,200 700,358 359,958 339,200 1,060,316 - - 1,399,516 501,229 1961/2018 2002 (1)
601 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY 990,529 241,600 494,782 531,270 279,281 988,371 - - 1,267,652 385,988 1977/1997/2021 2001 (1)
200 Clarendon Street and Garage Office Boston, MA - 219,543 667,884 288,694 257,203 918,918 - - 1,176,121 370,980 1976 2010 (1)
Salesforce Tower Office San Francisco, CA - 200,349 946,205 7,655 200,349 953,860 - - 1,154,209 188,376 2018 2013 (1)
250 West 55th Street Office New York, NY - 285,263 603,167 51,331 285,263 654,498 - - 939,761 215,386 2014 2007 (1)
100 Federal Street Office Boston, MA - 131,067 435,954 138,639 131,067 574,593 - - 705,660 189,447 1971-1975/2017 2012 (1)
Madison Centre Office Seattle, WA - 104,641 564,336 5,126 104,641 569,462 674,103 56,212 2017 2022 (1)
7 Times Square (formerly Times Square Tower) Office New York, NY - 165,413 380,438 112,011 159,694 498,168 - - 657,862 250,824 2004 2000 (1)
Santa Monica Business Park Office Los Angeles, CA 198,021 46,360 410,421 177,482 210,471 423,681 111 - 634,263 18,660 1976-1980 2023 (1)
Carnegie Center Office Princeton, NJ - 142,666 316,856 169,851 90,501 479,895 58,977 - 629,373 274,543 1983-2016 1998/1999/2000/2007/2014/2017/2019 (1)
Reston Next Office Reston, VA - 35,549 525,277 5,860 2,901 563,785 - - 566,686 51,052 2022 1998 (1)
Atlantic Wharf Office Boston, MA - 63,988 454,537 42,166 63,988 496,703 - - 560,691 195,192 2011 2007 (1)
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue Office Washington, DC - 185,203 324,206 4,433 185,203 328,639 - - 513,842 34,319 2023 N/A (1)
599 Lexington Avenue Office New York, NY - 81,040 100,507 242,168 81,040 342,675 - - 423,715 202,504 1986 1997 (1)
Fountain Square Office Reston, VA - 56,853 306,298 56,795 56,853 363,093 - - 419,946 125,277 1986-1990 2012 (1)
510 Madison Avenue Office New York, NY - 103,000 253,665 37,287 103,000 290,952 - - 393,952 111,209 2012 2010 (1)
325 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA - (2) 21,596 312,492 42,132 21,403 354,817 - - 376,220 25,113 2022 1997 (1)
680 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA - 72,545 219,766 12,577 72,545 232,343 - - 304,888 87,930 2014 2012 (1)
2200 Pennsylvania Avenue Office Washington, DC - - 183,541 116,540 101,734 198,347 - - 300,081 75,450 2011 2008 (1)
145 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - 121 273,013 26,777 23,164 276,747 - - 299,911 43,888 2019 1997 (1)
South of Market and Democracy Tower Office Reston, VA - 13,603 237,479 30,760 13,603 268,239 - - 281,842 118,676 2008-2009 2003 (1)
Bay Colony Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA - 18,789 148,451 95,025 18,789 238,765 4,711 - 262,265 118,253 1985-1989 2011 (1)
535 Mission Street Office San Francisco, CA - 40,933 148,378 6,325 40,934 154,702 - - 195,636 50,973 2015 2013 (1)
Mountain View Research Park Office Mountain View, CA - 95,066 68,373 21,315 95,066 89,688 - - 184,754 37,048 1977-1981/2007-2013 2013 (1)
Reservoir Place Office Waltham, MA - 18,605 104,124 51,754 19,089 155,394 - - 174,483 90,370 1955/1987/2017 1997/1998 (1)
140 Kendrick Street Office Needham, MA - 18,095 66,905 68,625 18,095 135,530 - - 153,625 50,959 2000/2023 2004 (1)
901 New York Avenue Office Washington, DC 201,692 65,808 72,970 13,225 65,808 86,195 - - 152,003 4,253 2004 2024 (1)
1330 Connecticut Avenue Office Washington, DC - 25,982 82,311 35,160 25,982 117,471 - - 143,453 57,126 1984/2018 2004 (1)
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building
One Freedom Square Office Reston, VA - 9,929 84,504 41,943 9,883 126,493 - - 136,376 71,339 2000 2003 (1)
Two Freedom Square Office Reston, VA - 13,930 77,739 40,024 13,866 117,827 - - 131,693 48,454 2001 2003 (1)
Kingstowne Towne Center Office Alexandria, VA - 18,021 109,038 4,132 18,021 113,170 - - 131,191 57,705 2003-2006 2007 (1)
One and Two Reston Overlook Office Reston, VA - 16,456 66,192 45,178 15,074 112,752 - - 127,826 62,667 1999 2000 (1)
Weston Corporate Center Office Weston, MA - 25,753 92,312 1,630 25,854 93,841 - - 119,695 44,575 2010 2001 (1)
Shady Grove Innovation District
Office Rockville, MD - 52,030 64,212 (284) 26,834 35,014 54,110 - 115,958 5,526 1968-1985 2021 (1)
355 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA 594,869 18,863 53,346 41,474 21,098 92,585 - - 113,683 39,544 1981/1996/2013 2006 (1)
17Fifty Presidents Street Office Reston, VA - - 113,362 162 - 113,524 - - 113,524 21,016 2020 2013 (1)
Discovery Square Office Reston, VA - 11,198 71,782 28,359 11,146 100,193 - - 111,339 60,237 2001 2003 (1)
10 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 1,953 85,752 6,862 2,127 92,440 - - 94,567 26,693 2016 1997 (1)
90 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - (2) 19,104 52,078 21,989 20,741 72,430 - - 93,171 33,338 1983/1998/2013 2006 (1)
Waltham Weston Corporate Center Office Waltham, MA - 10,385 60,694 19,758 10,350 80,487 - - 90,837 47,541 2003 1999 (1)
Sumner Square Office Washington, DC - 624 28,745 58,886 26,921 61,334 - - 88,255 28,998 1985 1999 (1)
230 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 13,189 49,823 23,458 13,403 73,067 - - 86,470 41,224 1992 2005 (1)
77 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 13,847 60,383 10,543 13,997 70,776 - - 84,773 30,716 2008 2001 (1)
20 CityPoint Office Waltham, MA - 4,887 72,764 7,072 4,887 79,836 - - 84,723 16,456 2020 2007 (1)
Wisconsin Place Office Chevy Chase, MD - - 53,349 26,100 - 79,449 - - 79,449 31,223 2009 2004 (1)
2440 West El Camino Real Office Mountain View, CA - 16,741 51,285 6,565 16,741 57,850 - - 74,591 23,427 1987/2003 2011 (1)
Reston Corporate Center Office Reston, VA - 9,135 50,857 1,878 9,496 52,374 - - 61,870 34,685 1984 1998 (1)
890 Winter Street Office Waltham, MA - 13,913 28,557 19,104 13,913 47,661 - - 61,574 9,397 1999 2019 (1)
255 Main Street Office Cambridge, MA - 134 25,110 32,110 134 57,220 - - 57,354 45,229 1987 1997 (1)
University Place Office Cambridge, MA - - 37,091 13,699 4,145 46,645 - - 50,790 37,845 1985 1998 (1)
North First Business Park Office San Jose, CA - 23,398 13,069 6,093 23,372 19,188 - - 42,560 17,845 1981 2007 (1)
Capital Gallery Office Washington, DC - 4,725 29,565 5,712 6,128 33,874 - - 40,002 24,060 1981/2006 2007 (1)
150 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - 850 25,042 13,744 822 38,814 - - 39,636 19,464 1999 1997 (1)
105 Broadway Office Cambridge, MA - 1,299 12,943 10,617 1,868 22,991 - - 24,859 17,361 1990 1997 (1)
Lexington Office Park Office Lexington, MA - 998 1,426 18,974 1,072 18,660 1,666 - 21,398 17,028 1982 1997 (1)
The Point Office Waltham, MA - 6,395 10,040 546 6,492 10,489 - - 16,981 2,969 2015 2007 (1)
690 Folsom Street Office San Francisco, CA - 3,219 11,038 1,877 3,219 12,915 - - 16,134 4,723 2015 2012 (1)
Avant Retail Office Reston, VA - 1,499 6,647 2,577 1,499 9,224 - - 10,723 3,885 2014 2010 (1)
17 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA - 26 150 9,049 26 6,057 3,142 - 9,225 3,774 1968 1997 (1)
32 Hartwell Avenue Office Lexington, MA - 168 1,943 5,808 168 7,751 - - 7,919 3,080 1968/1979/1987 1997 (1)
453 Ravendale Drive Office Mountain View, CA - 5,477 1,090 1,286 5,477 2,376 - - 7,853 1,300 1977 2012 (1)
125 Broadway Life Sciences Cambridge, MA - 126,364 433,662 5,580 126,364 439,242 - - 565,606 38,051 2000 2022 (1)
180 CityPoint Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 10,908 211,883 - 10,908 211,883 - - 222,791 6,212 2024 2006 (1)
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building
300 Binney Street Life Sciences Cambridge, MA - 18,080 51,262 148,974 18,080 200,236 - - 218,316 7,923 2024 2009 (1)
880 Winter Street Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 15,597 37,255 95,615 15,597 132,870 - - 148,467 18,179 1998/2022 2019 (1)
200 West Street Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 16,148 24,983 75,048 16,148 99,674 357 - 116,179 32,778 1999/2021 1997 (1)
153 & 211 Second Avenue Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 33,233 55,940 2,352 33,233 58,292 - - 91,525 7,583 1964-2006 2021 (1)
103 CityPoint Life Sciences Waltham, MA - 4,672 77,515 (2) 4,670 77,515 - - 82,185 569 2024 2007 (1)
33 Hayden Avenue Life Sciences Lexington, MA - 266 3,234 10,865 266 14,099 - - 14,365 10,022 1979 1997 (1)
92-100 Hayden Avenue Life Sciences Lexington, MA - 594 6,748 1,088 595 7,835 - - 8,430 7,194 1985 1997 (1)
250 Binney Street Life Sciences Cambridge, MA - 110 4,483 2,939 110 7,422 - - 7,532 7,243 1983 1997 (1)
The Skylyne Residential Oakland, CA - - 239,077 1,792 - 240,869 - - 240,869 26,207 2020 N/A (1)
Signature at Reston Residential Reston, VA - 27,076 190,580 2,980 27,076 193,560 - - 220,636 32,887 2018 2013 (1)
Proto Kendall Square Residential Cambridge, MA - 9,243 127,248 3,336 9,245 130,582 - - 139,827 21,122 2018 2015 (1)
The Lofts at Atlantic Wharf Residential Boston, MA - 3,529 54,891 2,598 3,529 57,489 - - 61,018 20,108 2011 2007 (1)
Boston Marriott Cambridge Hotel Cambridge, MA - 478 37,918 27,140 478 64,429 629 - 65,536 52,309 1986/2017 1997 (1)
Kendall Center Green Garage Garage Cambridge, MA - (2) - 35,035 6,921 - 41,956 - - 41,956 19,665 1984 2006 (1)
Kendall Center Yellow Garage Garage Cambridge, MA - 1,256 15,697 962 1,256 16,659 - - 17,915 7,997 2006 2004 (1)
290 Binney Street Development Cambridge, MA - - - 575,542 638 - - 574,904 575,542 - N/A 1997 N/A
121 Broadway Development Cambridge, MA - - - 102,843 - - - 102,843 102,843 - N/A 1997 N/A
Reston Next Office Phase II Development Reston, VA - - - 45,434 1,692 3,030 - 40,712 45,434 14 N/A 1998 N/A
725 12th Street Development Washington, DC - 26,997 8,369 522 - - - 35,888 35,888 - 1992 2024 N/A
Reston Next Retail Development Reston, VA - - - 10,293 - - - 10,293 10,293 - N/A 1998 N/A
343 Madison Avenue Land New York, NY - - - 240,226 140,558 - 99,668 - 240,226 - N/A 2023 N/A
777 Harrison Street Land San Francisco, CA - 144,647 - 28,366 - 47 172,966 - 173,013 39 N/A 2020 N/A
Back Bay Station Master Plan Land Boston, MA - - - 103,908 24,808 - 79,100 - 103,908 - N/A N/A N/A
3625-3635 Peterson Way Land Santa Clara, CA - 63,206 - 5,185 - - 68,391 - 68,391 - N/A 2016 N/A
North First Master Plan Land San Jose, CA - 35,004 - 4,600 - - 39,604 - 39,604 - N/A 2007 N/A
Plaza at Almaden Land San Jose, CA - - - 38,163 - - 38,163 - 38,163 - N/A 2006 N/A
CityPoint South Master Plan Land Waltham, MA - - - 36,522 - - 36,522 - 36,522 - N/A N/A N/A
Springfield Metro Center Land Springfield, VA - - - 19,913 - - 19,913 - 19,913 - N/A 2007 N/A
Reston Gateway Master Plan Land Reston, VA - - - 17,199 - - 17,199 - 17,199 - N/A 1998 N/A
Kendall Center Master Plan Land Cambridge, MA - - - 16,301 - - 16,301 - 16,301 - N/A 1997 N/A
Weston Quarry Land Weston, MA - - - 1,252 - - 1,252 - 1,252 - N/A 2001 N/A
Broad Run Business Park Land Loudoun County, VA - - - 1,188 - - 1,188 - 1,188 - N/A 1998 N/A
Reston Overlook Master Plan Land Reston, VA - - - 80 - - 80 - 80 - N/A 2000 N/A
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Schedule 3-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Original Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Land and Improvements Building and Improvements Land Held for Development Development and Construction in Progress Total Accumulated Depreciation Year(s) Built/Renovated Year(s) Acquired Depreciable Lives
(Years)
Property Name Type Location Encumbrances Land Building
$ 4,276,609 (3) $ 5,716,458 $ 15,848,823 $ 6,589,630 $ 5,908,096 (4) $ 20,768,125 (5) $ 714,050 (6) $ 764,640 $ 28,154,911 $ 7,355,327
Note: Total Real Estate does not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment totaling approximately $57,136. Accumulated Depreciation does not include approximately $42,555 of accumulated depreciation related to Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment. Office type includes office, life sciences, and retail properties.
The aggregate cost and accumulated depreciation for tax purposes was approximately $28.9 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively.
(1)Depreciation of the buildings and improvements are calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to 40 years.
(2)This property is encumbered with the mortgage note shown at 355 Main Street.
(3)Includes unamortized deferred financing costs and fair value debt adjustment totaling approximately $(25.7) million.
(4)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases and Right of Use Assets - Operating Leases of approximately $349,314 and $334,767, respectively.
(5)Includes Right of Use Assets - Finance Leases of approximately $23,608.
(6)Includes pre-development costs.
Boston Properties Limited Partnership
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(dollars in thousands)
A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation is as follows:
2024 2023 2022
Real Estate:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 27,055,206 $ 25,376,700 $ 23,734,833
Additions to/improvements of real estate 1,210,558 1,811,036 2,228,000
Assets sold/written-off (110,853) (132,530) (586,133)
Balance at the end of the year $ 28,154,911 $ 27,055,206 $ 25,376,700
Accumulated Depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year $ 6,718,037 $ 6,143,384 $ 5,736,240
Depreciation expense 748,143 707,183 638,538
Assets sold/written-off (110,853) (132,530) (231,394)
Balance at the end of the year $ 7,355,327 $ 6,718,037 $ 6,143,384
Note: Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation amounts do not include Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment.
(b) Exhibits
2.1 - Transfer Agreement, dated May 31, 2013, by and among BP 767 Fifth LLC, Sungate Fifth Avenue LLC, 767 LLC and BP/DC 767 Fifth LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on June 3, 2013.)
2.2 - Purchase and Sale Agreement by and among NBIM Walker 601 LEX NYC LLC, NBIM Walker 100 FED BOS LLC, NBIM Walker ATW BOS LLC and Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated September 16, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on September 18, 2014.)
3.1 - Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, File No. 333-25279.)
3.2 - Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series E Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2007.)
3.3 - Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2010.)
3.4 - Certificate of Designations of 92,000 shares of 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registration Statement on Form 8-A of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on March 22, 2013.)
3.5 - Certificate of Amendment to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on June 20, 2024.)
3.6 - Amended and Restated By-laws of BXP, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on July 25, 2024.)
3.7 - Form of Certificate of Designations for Series A Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.26 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 25, 1998.)
4.1 - Form of Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, File No. 333-25279.)
4.2 - Description of the Securities of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership (Filed herewith.)
4.3 - Indenture, dated as of December 13, 2002, by and between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on December 13, 2002.)
4.4 - Supplemental Indenture No. 14, dated as of June 27, 2013, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 3.800% Senior Note due 2024. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on July 1, 2013.)
4.5 - Supplemental Indenture No. 15, dated as of January 20, 2016, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, including a form of the 3.650% Senior Note due 2026. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on January 20, 2016.)
4.6 - Supplemental Indenture No. 16, dated as of August 17, 2016, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 2.750% Senior Note due 2026. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on August 17, 2016.)
4.7 - Supplemental Indenture No. 17, dated as of December 4, 2017, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 3.200% Senior Note due 2025. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on December 4, 2017.)
4.8 - Supplemental Indenture No. 18, dated as of November 28, 2018, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 4.500% Senior Note due 2028. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on November 28, 2018.)
4.9 - Supplemental Indenture No. 19, dated as of June 21, 2019, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 3.400% Senior Note due 2029. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on June 21, 2019.)
4.10 - Supplemental Indenture No. 20, dated as of September 3, 2019, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 2.900% Senior Note due 2030. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties Limited Partnership and Boston Properties, Inc. filed on September 3, 2019.)
4.11 - Supplemental Indenture No. 21, dated as of May 5, 2020, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 3.250% Senior Note due 2031. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on May 5, 2020.)
4.12 - Supplemental Indenture No. 22, dated as of March 16, 2021, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 2.550% Senior Note due 2032. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on March 16, 2021.)
4.13 - Supplemental Indenture No. 23, dated as of September 29, 2021, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 2.450% Senior Note due 2033. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on September 29, 2021.)
4.14 - Supplemental Indenture No. 24, dated as of November 17, 2022, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 6.750% Senior Note due 2027. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on November 17, 2022.)
4.15 - Supplemental Indenture No. 25, dated as of May 15, 2023, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 6.500% Senior Note due 2034. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on May 15, 2023.)
4.16 - Supplemental Indenture No. 26, dated as of August 26, 2024, between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee; including a form of the 5.750% Senior Note due 2035. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on August 26, 2024.)
10.1 - Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of June 29, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 1998.)
10.2 - Certificate of Designations for the Series Four Preferred Units, dated as of August 29, 2012, constituting an amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on November 8, 2012.)
10.3 - Certificate of Designations for the 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, dated as of March 20, 2013, constituting an amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. filed on March 22, 2013.)
10.4 - Forty-Seventh Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of April 11, 2003, by Boston Properties, Inc., as general partner. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 14, 2003.)
10.5 - Seventy-Seventh Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of January 24, 2008, by Boston Properties, Inc., as general partner. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2008.)
10.6 - Ninety-Eighth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of October 21, 2010. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 5, 2010.)
10.7 - One Hundred Forty-Ninth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of December 15, 2017. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2018.)
10.8 - Two Hundred Nineteenth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, dated as of June 20, 2024 and effective as of July 1, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on June 20, 2024.)
10.9* - Second Amendment and Restatement of Boston Properties, Inc. 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 6, 2007.)
10.10* - Boston Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 30, 2012.)
10.11* - Boston Properties, Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on May 20, 2021).
10.12* - Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2005.)
10.13* - First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2005.)
10.14* - Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2005.)
10.15* - Third Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on August 6, 2021.)
10.16* - Fourth Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. 1999 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on May 24, 2024.)
10.17* - Boston Properties Deferred Compensation Plan, Amended and Restated Effective as of January 1, 2009. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.18* - Employment Agreement by and between Douglas T. Linde and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of November 29, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.19* - First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Douglas T. Linde. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.20* - Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Douglas T. Linde. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.21* - Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2023, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Raymond A. Ritchey. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on March 2, 2023.)
10.22* - Employment Agreement by and between Michael E. LaBelle and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of January 24, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2008.)
10.23* - First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Michael E. LaBelle. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.24* - Employment Agreement by and between Bryan J. Koop and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of November 29, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.25* - First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Bryan J. Koop. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.26* - Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2008, by and between Boston Properties, Inc. and Bryan J. Koop. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.27* - Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Owen D. Thomas and Boston Properties, Inc. dated as of November 4, 2023. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Boston Properties, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 7, 2023.)
10.28* - Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.29* - First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan, dated as of October 18, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.30* - Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan, dated as of December 15, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.31* - Third Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Senior Executive Severance Plan, dated as of January 8, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2014.)
10.32* - Boston Properties, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, dated as of July 30, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2003.)
10.33* - First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, dated as of October 18, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.34* - Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, dated as of January 8, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2014.)
10.35* - Boston Properties, Inc. Officer Severance Plan, dated as of July 30, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.36* - First Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Officer Severance Plan, dated as of October 18, 2007. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2007.)
10.37* - Second Amendment to the Boston Properties, Inc. Officer Severance Plan, dated as of December 15, 2008. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.57 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009.)
10.38* - Form of Indemnification Agreement by and among Boston Properties, Inc., Boston Properties Limited Partnership and certain officers and directors of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2020.)
10.39* - Director Appointment Agreement, dated as of January 20, 2011, by and between Matthew J. Lustig and Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 25, 2011.)
10.40* - Boston Properties, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to Boston Properties, Inc.’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 6, 2022.)
10.41 - Ninth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2021, among Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the lenders identified therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on June 16, 2021.)
10.42 - First Amendment to Ninth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2023, among Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the lenders identified therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on June 6, 2023.)
10.43 - Second Amendment to Ninth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2024, among Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the lenders identified therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on November 5, 2024.)
10.44 - Third Amendment to Ninth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2024, among Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the lenders identified therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on November 5, 2024.)
10.45 - Credit Agreement, dated as of January 4, 2023, among Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the lenders identified therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Boston Properties, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on January 9, 2023.)
10.46 - First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2024, among Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the lenders identified therein. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on November 5, 2024.)
19.1 - BXP, Inc. Insider Trading Policy (Filed herewith.)
21.1 - Subsidiaries of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership (Filed herewith.)
23.1 - Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting firm for BXP, Inc. (Filed herewith.)
23.2 - Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting firm for Boston Properties Limited Partnership. (Filed herewith.)
31.1 - Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of BXP, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
31.2 - Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of BXP, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
31.3 - Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
31.4 - Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith.)
32.1 - Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of BXP, Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
32.2 - Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of BXP, Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
32.3 - Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
32.4 - Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Boston Properties Limited Partnership pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith.)
97.1 - Compensation Recovery Policy of Boston Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of BXP, Inc. and Boston Properties Limited Partnership filed on February 27, 2024.)
101.SCH - Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.CAL - Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.LAB - Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.PRE - Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.DEF - Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
104 - Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*). (Filed herewith.)
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 15(b) of Form 10-K.