EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 78814
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 78814_10-K_2021_0000078814-21-000011.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Pitney Bowes Inc. (we, us, our, or the company) is a global technology company providing commerce solutions that power billions of transactions. Clients around the world rely on the accuracy and precision delivered by our equipment, solutions, analytics, and application programming interface (API) technology in the areas of ecommerce fulfillment, shipping and returns, cross-border ecommerce, office mailing and shipping, presort services and financing. For more information about us, our products, services and solutions, visit www.pitneybowes.com.
Business Segments
Commerce Services
The Commerce Services group includes domestic parcel services, cross-border solutions, digital delivery services and mail sortation services. The Commerce Services group includes the Global Ecommerce and Presort Services segments.
Global Ecommerce
Domestic parcel services offers retailers a cost-effective parcel delivery and returns network for end consumers. We operate numerous domestic parcel sortation centers connected by a nationwide transportation network, enabling us to pick up parcels from retailer distribution centers and move them through our physical network. We also offer fulfillment services, providing pick, pack and ship services for clients through four fulfillment centers. These centers are located within our parcel sortation centers to facilitate same-day entry into our parcel delivery network.
Cross-border solutions manages all aspects of the international shopping and shipping experience. Our proprietary technology enables global tracking and logistics services; calculates duty, tax and shipping costs at checkout; enables multi-currency pricing, payment processing and fraud management; ensures compliance with product restrictions and produces all documentation requirements to meet export complexities and customs clearance. Our proprietary technology is utilized by direct merchants and major online marketplaces facilitating millions of parcels to be shipped worldwide.
Digital delivery services enables clients to reduce transportation and logistics costs, select the best carrier based on need and cost, improve delivery times and track packages in real-time. Powered by our shipping APIs, clients can purchase postage, print shipping labels and access shipping and tracking services from multiple carriers that can be easily integrated into any web application such as online shopping carts or ecommerce sites and provide guaranteed delivery times and flexible payment options.
Presort Services
We are a workshare partner of the USPS and national outsource provider of mail sortation services that allow clients to qualify large volumes of First-Class Mail, Marketing Mail and Marketing Mail Flats and Bound Printed Matter for postal workshare discounts. Our network of operating centers throughout the United States and fully-customized proprietary technology provides clients with end-to-end solutions from pick up at their location to delivery into the postal system network, expedited mail delivery and optimal postage savings.
Sending Technology Solutions
We offer our clients physical and digital mailing and shipping technology solutions, supplies and other applications to help simplify and save on the sending, tracking and receiving of letters, parcels and flats. Our cloud enabled infrastructure provides software-as-a-service (SaaS) offerings delivered online and via connected or mobile devices. Our latest offerings are designed on an open platform architecture that have the capabilities to leverage partnerships with other innovative companies, including partnerships with carriers, and developers to deliver new value to our clients.
Through our wholly owned subsidiary, The Pitney Bowes Bank (the Bank), we offer our clients in the United States a revolving credit solution that enables clients to make meter rental payments and purchase postage, services and supplies and an interest-bearing deposit solution to clients who prefer to prepay postage. Additionally, we offer financing alternatives that enable clients to finance equipment and product purchases, finance or lease other manufacturers’ equipment and provide working capital.
We also provide revolving credit solutions to clients in Canada and the U.K.
We establish credit approval limits and procedures based on the credit quality of the client and the type of product or service provided to control credit risk. We closely monitor the portfolio by analyzing industry sectors and delinquency trends by product line, industry and client to ensure reserve levels and credit policies reflect current trends. Management continuously monitors credit lines and collection resources and revises credit policies as necessary to be more selective in managing the portfolio.
Seasonality
A larger percentage of our revenue is earned in the fourth quarter relative to the other quarters, driven primarily by an increase in shipping volumes during the holiday season.
Sales and Services
We market our products, solutions and services through a direct and inside sales force, global and regional partner channels, direct mailings and digital channels. We provide call-center, online and on-site support services for our products and solutions. Support services are primarily provided under maintenance contracts.
Competition
Our businesses face competition from large, multinational companies and smaller, more narrowly focused regional and local firms. We compete on the basis of technology and innovation, breadth of product offerings, our ability to design and tailor targeted solutions to meet client needs, performance, service and support, price, quality and brand.
We must continue to invest in our current technologies, products and solutions, and in the development of new technologies, products and solutions in order to maintain and improve our competitive position. We frequently encounter new competitors as the markets in which we participate evolve and newer businesses enter our existing markets.
A summary of the competitive environment for each of our segments is as follows:
Global Ecommerce
The domestic parcel services and cross-border solutions market includes competitors of various sizes, including companies with greater financial resources than us. Some of these competitors specialize in point solutions or freight forwarding services, are full-service ecommerce business process outsourcers and online marketplaces with international logistic support, or major global delivery services companies. We also face competition from companies that can offer both domestic and cross-border solutions in a single package which creates pricing leverage. The principal competitive factors include speed of delivery, reliability, functionality, ease of integration and use, scalability, innovation, support services and price. We compete based on the accuracy, reliability and scalability of our platform and logistics services, our ability to provide clients and their customers a one-stop full-service ecommerce experience and the ability to provide a more customized shipping solution than some of the larger competitors in the industry.
Within digital delivery services, we compete with a wide range of technology providers who help make shipping easier and more cost-effective. These technology providers range from large, established companies to smaller companies offering negotiated carrier rates. The principal competitive factors include technology stability and reliability, innovation, access to preferred shipping rates and ease of integration with existing systems.
Presort Services
We face competition from regional and local presort providers, cooperatives of multiple local presort providers, consolidators and service bureaus that offer presort solutions as part of a larger bundle of outsourcing services. While not necessarily competitors in the traditional sense, large mail owners have the capability to presort their own mailings in-house, and could use excess capacity to offer presort services to others. The principal competitive factors include price, innovative service, delivery speed, tracking and reporting, industry expertise and economies of scale. Our competitive advantages include our extensive network of presort facilities capable of processing significant volumes and our innovative proprietary technology that provides clients with reliable, secure and precise services and maximum postage discounts.
Sending Technology Solutions
We face competition from other mail equipment and solutions providers, companies that offer products and services as alternative means of message communications and those that offer on-line shipping and mailing products and services solutions. Additionally, as alternative communication methods in comparison to physical mail grow, our operations could be affected. We differentiate ourselves from our competitors through our breadth of physical and digital offerings, including cloud enabled SaaS and open platform architecture offerings; pricing; available financing and payment offerings; product reliability; support services; and our extensive knowledge of the shipping and mailing industry.
Our financing operations face competition, in varying degrees, from large, diversified financial institutions, including leasing companies, commercial finance companies and commercial banks, as well as small, specialized firms. Not all our competitors are able to offer the same or similar financing and payment solutions that we offer, and we believe this is a source of competitive advantage that differentiates us from our competitors.
Research, Development and Intellectual Property
We invest in research and development activities to develop new products and solutions, enhance the effectiveness and functionality of existing products and solutions and deliver high value technology and differentiated services in high value segments of the market.
Third-Party Suppliers
We depend on third-party suppliers and outsource providers for a variety of services and product components, the hosting of our SaaS offerings, the logistics portion of our ecommerce business, and some non-core functions and operations. In certain instances, we rely on single-sourced or limited-sourced suppliers and outsourcing vendors around the world because doing so is advantageous due to quality, price or lack of alternative sources. We have risk mitigation programs to monitor conditions affecting our suppliers' ability to fulfill expected commitments. We believe that our available sources for services, components, supplies and manufacturing are adequate.
Regulatory Matters
We are subject to the regulations of postal authorities worldwide related to product specifications of our postage meters. Our Presort Services segment is also subject to regulations of the USPS. The Bank is chartered as an Industrial Bank under the laws of the State of Utah. The Bank and certain company affiliates that provide services to the Bank are subject to the regulations of the Utah Department of Financial Institutions and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. We are also subject to transportation regulations for various parts of our business, customs and trade regulations worldwide related to our cross-border shipping services and regulations concerning data privacy and security for our businesses that use, process and store certain personal, confidential or proprietary data.
Human Capital
We have more than 11,500 employees, with approximately 80% located in the United States and approximately 20% located outside the United States. We also rely on a contingent hourly workforce to supplement our full-time workforce to meet fluctuating demand. We seek to create a high-performance culture that will drive and sustain enhanced value for all our stakeholders. To attract, retain and engage the talent needed, we strive to maintain a diverse, inclusive and safe workplace, with equitable opportunities for growth and development, supported by strong compensation, benefits and health and wellness programs, and by programs that build connections between our employees and their communities.
Diversity and Inclusion
We believe that a diverse workforce is critical to our success. We celebrate a rich mix of countries, cultures, ages, races, ethnicities, gender identities, sexual orientation, abilities and perspectives that showcase our humanity, differentiate us as individuals and enhance our businesses. We have received numerous external acknowledgments of our progress in diversity and inclusion over the years.
Employee Engagement and Development
We emphasize employee development and training and provide professional development initiatives, training, experiential learning and inclusion networks to our employees to enable them to advance their skills and achieve career goals. We also believe employee engagement is important to the company's success and conduct a survey annually that has had historically high participation rates as well as increasing engagement scores overall.
Health, Safety and Wellness
We are committed to the health, safety and wellness of our employees. We provide our employees and their families with access to a variety of flexible and convenient health and wellness programs.
In response to COVID-19, we implemented significant changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, as well as the communities in which we operate, and which comply with government regulations. These changes included adjusting processes to enable social distancing, providing personal protective equipment, ongoing monitoring of the health of our employees, and contact tracing when an employee is diagnosed with COVID-19. We encourage employees capable of working remotely to do so and limit the number of employees who can be in any of our offices at any given time.
Available Information
Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments thereto filed with, or furnished to, the SEC, are available, free of charge, through the Investor Relations section of our website at www.investorrelations.pitneybowes.com or from the SEC's website at www.sec.gov, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The other information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
Information About Our Executive Officers
Name Age Title Executive
Officer Since
Marc B. Lautenbach 59 President and Chief Executive Officer 2012
Johnna G. Torsone 70 Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer 1993
Daniel J. Goldstein 59 Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary 2010
Christoph Stehmann 58 Executive Vice President, International Sending Technology Solutions 2016
Jason C. Dies 51 Executive Vice President and President, Sending Technology Solutions 2017
Gregg Zegras 53 Executive Vice President and President, Global Ecommerce 2020
Ana Maria Chadwick 49 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (1)
(1) Effective January 29, 2021, Ms. Chadwick assumed the responsibilities of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
There are no family relationships among the above officers. The above officers have served in various executive positions with the company for at least the past five years except as follows:
Mr. Dies was appointed Executive Vice President and President, Sending Technology Solutions in October 2017. He joined the company in 2015 as President, Document Messaging Technologies (DMT). Prior to joining the company, Mr. Dies was employed at IBM where he held several leadership positions in North America, Europe, and Asia across diverse business units.
Mr. Zegras was appointed Executive Vice President and President, Global Ecommerce in July 2020. He joined the company in 2013 as President, Imagitas. Prior to joining the company, Mr. Zegras held several executive leadership positions, including at NBC Universal, Sharecare and Hearst Entertainment.
Ms. Chadwick joined the company as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on January 29, 2021. Prior to joining the company, Ms. Chadwick was employed at GE Capital as President and CEO of GE Capital Global Legacy Solutions. Ms. Chadwick spent over 20 years at GEC Capital, where she held several executive positions, including Controller of GE Capital Americas and CFO at GE Capital Energy Financial Services.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our operations face certain risks that should be considered in evaluating our business. We manage and mitigate these risks on a proactive basis, using an enterprise risk management program. Nevertheless, the following risk factors, some of which may be beyond our control, could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, brand and reputation, and may cause future results to be materially different than our current expectations. These risk factors are not intended to be all inclusive.
COVID-19 Pandemic Risks
Our operations and financial performance are being affected and will continue to be affected by the global coronavirus outbreak. The duration and severity of the COVID-19 crisis is unknown and constantly changing, and a prolonged duration of this crisis or the emergence of another similar virus in the future could have a significantly material effect on our operations, financial condition and liquidity.
The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting, and is expected to continue to impact, our business, operations and financial performance. Given the unpredictability of the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, including various governments’ responses to the pandemic, its effect on the global economy, and the efficacy and availability of a vaccine, the ultimate impact of the pandemic on our business, operations and financial performance remains uncertain. There are many factors, not within our control, which could affect the pandemic's ultimate outcome on our business and our ability to execute our business strategies and initiatives in the expected time frame. These include, but are not limited to: the response of the government, businesses and individuals to the pandemic; an acceleration of the decline in the use of physical mail; the impact of the pandemic on the global economy and economic activity; the changing spending habits of consumers and businesses; disruptions in global supply chains; and significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. In addition to having the effect of potentially heightening many of our other risk factors in this section, the COVID-19 pandemic may, or may continue to, adversely affect the following to the detriment of our business, including:
•Accelerate the decline of physical mail volume in the geographies in which we operate, which adversely affects both our Presort Services and SendTech Solutions segments. We cannot yet assess the extent to which these declines in mail volumes, and resulting impact to our business, are permanent or temporary.
•The adverse effect that declines in physical mail are having on the financial health of posts around the world, especially that of the USPS. If these financial difficulties are not resolved, or if any resolution requires them to operate differently, price in a manner that hurts their competitiveness or further reduces postal volume, or causes them to change their contractual relationships with their partners or vendors, these changes could have a material adverse effect on our business.
•Social distancing rules and heightened security policies have inhibited, and may continue to inhibit, our ability to sell products and provide services to our clients, fulfill orders and install equipment on a timely basis and market to prospective new clients.
•The increased costs and reduced labor productivity associated with extended safety protocols, including sanitizing facilities and equipment multiple times a day and incremental costs that may be required to hire temporary labor or redirect volumes to other facilities.
•Our Global Ecommerce segment could experience further capacity and cost issues due to further sudden and significant increases in volumes resulting from COVID-19, including costs and capacity issues relating to postage, transportation, labor, and warehouse space.
•Significant declines in the retail industry caused by the pandemic. Although our Global Ecommerce segment has seen an increase in volume of packages in the short-term, should there be a long-term change in consumer sentiment or purchasing habits it could have a material effect on our retail clients, including some of our largest clients, which could have an adverse impact on our financial performance.
•A decline in the frequency of long-distance airplane flights may continue to result in higher costs and at times, reduced demand for our Global Ecommerce cross-border offerings.
•We could experience further increases in delinquencies in collections and bankruptcies in our clients, which could affect our cash flow. Client requests for potential payment deferrals or other contract modifications could also reduce the profitability or ongoing cash flow from some of our current customers.
•Our suppliers and third-party service providers may not be able to satisfy their obligations to us. If they are unable to satisfy these obligations, it could affect our ability to satisfy service or sales obligations to our clients, or it may affect other aspects of our internal operations.
•A prolonged duration or resurgence of COVID-19 could adversely impact our earnings or cash flows, which could result in additional credit rating downgrades, higher costs of borrowing, or limit our access to additional debt.
The COVID-19 pandemic may also have the effect of heightening many other risks, including the risks listed below and may also affect our business, operations and financial performance in a manner that is not presently known to us.
Mailing and Shipping Industry Risks
Further significant deterioration in the financial condition of the USPS, or the national posts in our other major markets could affect the ability of those posts to provide services to us or our clients, which could adversely affect client demand for our offerings and thus our financial performance.
We are dependent on financially viable national posts in the geographic markets where we operate, particularly in the United States. A significant portion of our revenue depends upon the ability of these posts, especially the USPS to provide competitive mail and package delivery services to our clients and the quality of the services they provide. Their ability to provide high quality service at affordable rates in turn depends upon their ongoing financial strength. If the posts are unable to continue to provide these services into the future, our financial performance will be adversely affected.
Our ability to compete in the package shipping market in the United States depends upon certain contractual relationships we have with the USPS and the successful performance of those services.
The USPS is our primary provider for the “last mile” component of our parcel delivery services in the United States. This represents a significant component of our cost in offering these services. If we are unable to receive competitive pricing from the USPS or take advantage of lower cost USPS options, our ability to compete with private carriers and to achieve profitable revenue growth will be adversely affected. The quality of service we provide to our clients also depends upon the quality of delivery services received from the USPS. The dramatic increase in parcel volumes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during the peak holiday season, as well as the broader effects of the pandemic on the USPS' operations, has adversely impacted the quality of delivery performance from the USPS and some of our costs with them increased. If its performance does not revert to prior levels, or becomes materially worse than that of the private carriers, we may lose clients to competition and our financial performance will be adversely affected.
We are subject to postal regulations and processes, which could adversely affect our financial performance.
A significant portion of our business is subject to regulation and oversight by the USPS and posts in other major markets. These postal authorities have the power to regulate some of our current products and services. They also must approve many of our new or future product and service offerings before we can bring them to market. If our new or future product and service offerings are not approved, there are significant conditions to approval, regulations on our existing products or services are changed or, we fall out of compliance with those regulations, our financial performance could be adversely affected.
If we are not able to respond to the continuing decline in the volume of physical mail delivered via traditional postal services, our financial performance could be adversely affected.
Traditional mail volumes continue to decline and impact our current and future financial results, primarily within our SendTech Solutions and Presort Services segments. This rate of decline has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, but we cannot yet assess the extent to which this decline, and resulting impact to our business, is permanent or temporary. Any further accelerated or sudden decline in physical mail volumes could have an adverse effect on these segments. An accelerated or sudden decline could result from changes in communication behavior or available communication technologies, reductions to the Universal Service Obligation (USO) under which the USPS and other national posts are required to deliver to every address in a country with similar pricing and frequency, pandemics, and legislation or regulations that mandate electronic substitution for communication by mail, prohibit certain types of mailings, increase the difficulty of using information or materials in the mail, or impose higher taxes or fees on postal services. If we are not successful at meeting the continuing challenges faced in our mailing business, or if physical mail volumes were to experience an accelerated or sudden decline, our financial performance could be adversely affected.
Business Operational Risks
The transformation of our businesses to more digital and package related services will result in a decline in our overall profit margins. If we cannot increase our volumes while at the same time reduce our costs, our overall profitability could be adversely affected.
As we transform our business to more digital and package related delivery services, the relative revenue contribution from our package delivery offerings now exceeds that of the revenue from our mailing-related offerings. We expect the portion of our revenue derived from package delivery offerings to continue to grow. The profit margins in these package-related offerings are generally lower than those for our mailing-related offerings. If we are unable to obtain sufficient scale, or are unable to lower per package costs as we achieve scale, our overall profitability could be adversely affected.
The loss of any of our largest clients in our Global Ecommerce segment could adversely affect the financial performance of that segment.
The Global Ecommerce segment receives a large portion of its revenue from a relatively small number of clients and business partners. The loss of any of these larger clients or business partners, or a substantial reduction in their use of our products or services, could have a material adverse effect on the revenue and profitability of the segment. There can be no assurance that our larger clients and business partners will continue to utilize our products or services at current levels, or that we would be able to replace any of these clients or business partners with others who can generate revenue at current levels.
A material change in consumer sentiment or spending habits that negatively impacts our retail clients could adversely affect the financial performance of our Global Ecommerce segment.
Our Global Ecommerce segment derives the majority of its revenue from retail clients. The retail industry is subject to cyclical trends in consumer sentiment and spending habits that are affected by many factors, including prevailing economic conditions (including those caused by the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic), recession or fears of recession and unemployment levels. If consumer sentiment and spending habits deteriorate such that the demand for our retail clients’ products are negatively impacted, it could potentially have an adverse impact on our financial performance.
If we fail to effectively manage our third-party suppliers and outsource providers, our business, financial performance and reputation could be adversely affected.
We depend on third-party suppliers and outsource providers for a variety of services and product components, the hosting of our SaaS offerings, the logistics portion of our ecommerce segment, the provision of temporary labor and some non-core functions and operations. Some of our suppliers may also be our competitors in other contexts. In certain instances, we rely on single-sourced or limited-sourced suppliers and outsourcing vendors around the world because doing so is advantageous due to quality, price or lack of alternative sources. To a certain extent in 2020, the performance of our outsourced service providers, due largely to circumstances associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, negatively impacted our ability to timely execute transactions with our clients, consumers and other constituents. If production or services were interrupted for any reason, the quality of those offerings were to degrade as a result of poor supplier performance, these suppliers chose to terminate their relationship with us, or if the costs of using these third parties were to increase and we were not able to find alternate suppliers, we could experience loss of clients, significant disruptions in manufacturing and operations (including product shortages, higher freight costs and re-engineering costs) as well as increased costs in the logistics portion of our Global Ecommerce segment.
Fluctuations in transportation costs or disruptions to transportation services in our Global Ecommerce or Presort Services segments could adversely affect client satisfaction or our financial performance.
In addition to our reliance on the USPS, our Global Ecommerce and Presort Services segments rely upon independent third-party transportation service providers to transport a significant portion of our parcel and mail volumes. The use of these providers is subject to risks, including our ability to negotiate acceptable terms, increased competition during peak periods, capacity issues, performance problems, extreme weather, natural or man-made disasters, pandemics, increased fuel costs, labor shortages or disputes or other unforeseen difficulties. Any disruption to the timely supply of these services for any reason or any dramatic increase in the cost of these services could adversely affect client satisfaction or our financial performance. The dramatic increase in demand for shipping services, especially in the fourth quarter of the year, caused us to incur higher costs and declines in performance and client satisfaction. Although we proactively manage our volumes, especially during the peak holiday season, given our reliance upon these providers, any future unforeseen disruptions affecting these providers could similarly adversely affect client satisfaction and our financial performance.
Our business depends on the availability of, and our ability to attract and retain, employees at a reasonable cost to meet the needs of our business and to consistently deliver highly differentiated, competitive offerings.
The rapid growth of the ecommerce industry has resulted in intense competition for employees in the shipping, transportation and logistics industry, including drivers and warehouse employees. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this industry growth resulting in our Global Ecommerce segment experiencing a higher demand, and increased competition, for labor, especially in our warehouses. This demand and increased competition for workers has also impacted our Presort Services segment, which has experienced staffing shortages. Although we supplement our workforce with contingent hourly workers from staffing agencies on an as-needed basis, due to the accelerated demand and competition, concern over exposure to COVID-19 and other factors, we could continue to experience a decrease in the pool of available qualified talent. There is also significant competition for the talent needed to develop our other products. Increased competition for employees may result in increased wages and costs of other benefits necessary to attract and retain high quality employees with the right skill sets. Additional labor costs which may also impact our business include those triggered by regulatory actions; increased health care and workers’ compensation insurance expenses; and, those costs associated
with the COVID-19 pandemic, which in our Global Ecommerce and Presort Services segments, continues to include costs resulting from reduced productively (staggering shifts and breaks to enhance social distancing), costs for extended safety protocols in our warehouses (sanitizing equipment multiple times a day and providing personal protection equipment) and incremental costs required to hire temporary labor.
Our inability to obtain and protect our intellectual property and defend against claims of infringement by others may negatively impact our financial performance.
Our businesses are not materially dependent on any one patent or license or group of related patents and licenses; however, our business success depends in part upon protecting our intellectual property rights, including proprietary technology developed or obtained through acquisitions. We rely on copyrights, patents, trademarks and trade secrets and other intellectual property laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position may suffer, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability. The continued evolution of patent law and the nature of our innovation work may affect the number of patents we are able to receive for our development efforts. As we continue to transition our business to more software and service-based offerings, patent protection of these innovations will be more difficult to obtain. In addition, from time to time, third-parties may claim that we, our clients, or our suppliers, have infringed their intellectual property rights. These claims, if successful, may require us to redesign affected products, enter into costly settlement or license agreements, pay damage awards, or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing or selling certain products.
If we fail to comply with government contracting regulations, our financial performance, brand name and reputation could suffer.
We have a significant number of contracts with governmental entities. Government contracts are subject to extensive and complex procurement laws and regulations, along with regular audits and investigations by government agencies. If one or more government agencies discovers contractual noncompliance by us or one of our subcontractors in the course of an audit or investigation, we may be subject to various civil or criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, which could include the termination of the contract, reimbursement of payments received, fines and debarment from doing business with one or more governments. Any of these events could not only affect our financial performance, but also adversely affect our brand and reputation.
We may not fully realize the anticipated benefits of strategic acquisitions and divestitures which may harm our financial performance.
As we transition our business to sustainable long-term growth, we may make strategic acquisitions or divest certain businesses. These actions may involve significant risks and uncertainties, which could have an adverse effect on our financial performance, including:
•difficulties in achieving anticipated benefits or synergies;
•difficulties in integrating newly acquired businesses and operations, including combining product and service offerings and entering new markets, or reducing fixed costs previously associated with divested businesses;
•the loss of key employees or clients of businesses acquired or divested;
•significant charges for employee severance and other restructuring costs, legal, accounting and financial advisory fees; and
•possible goodwill and asset impairment charges as divestitures and changes in our business model may adversely affect the recoverability of certain long- lived assets and valuation of our operating segments.
Our capital investments to develop new products and offerings or expand our current operations may not yield the anticipated benefits.
We are making significant capital investments in new products, services, and facilities. If we are not successful in these new product or service introductions at the levels anticipated when making the investments, there may be an adverse effect on our financial performance.
Cybersecurity and Technology Risks
Our financial performance and our reputation could be adversely affected, and we could be subject to legal liability or regulatory enforcement actions, if we or our suppliers are unable to protect against, or effectively respond to, cyberattacks or other cyber incidents.
We depend on the security of our and our suppliers' information technology systems to support numerous business processes and activities, to service our clients and to enable consumer transactions and postal services. There are numerous cybersecurity risks to these systems, including individual and group criminal hackers, industrial espionage, denial of service attacks, malware attacks, computer viruses, vandalism and employee errors and/or malfeasance. These cyber threats are constantly evolving, thereby increasing the difficulty of preventing, detecting and successfully defending against them. Successful breaches could, among other things, disrupt our operations, result in the unauthorized disclosure, theft and misuse of company, client, consumer and employee sensitive and confidential information, all of which could adversely affect our financial performance. Cybersecurity breaches could result in
financial liability to other parties, governmental investigations, regulatory enforcement actions, and penalties, and our brand and reputation could be damaged. Although we maintain insurance coverage relating to cybersecurity incidents, we may incur costs or financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through our insurance.
We have security systems, procedures and business continuity plans in place-and require our suppliers to have them as well-that are designed to ensure the continuous and uninterrupted performance of our information technology systems, to protect against unauthorized access to information or disruption to our services, and to minimize the time to detect, respond or minimize the impact of a breach should one occur. None of those systems, however, are fool proof but, our goal is to prevent meaningful incursions and minimize the time to detect and respond, as well as the overall impact of those that occur, and like all companies, intrusions will occur, and have occurred, from time to time.
Despite the protections we have in place, we have suffered two significant cyber-events, one in October 2019 and another in May 2020. In 2019, we were affected by a ransomware attack, known as RYUK, that temporarily disrupted customer access to some of our services. Our financial information was not affected and there is no evidence that any sensitive or confidential data was improperly accessed or extracted from our network. Although this attack adversely impacted 2019 revenue by $18 million and earnings per share from continuing operations by $0.08, primarily as a result of the business interruption, incremental costs related to the attack and costs to enhance our cybersecurity protection, we were able to recover $17 million from our insurers in 2020. In addition, in May 2020, we were affected by a Maze ransomware attack. The Maze attackers were able to exfiltrate a small amount of our confidential data, which did not include any client confidential information, but we were able to successfully thwart the attack before any of our ongoing operations could be disrupted. The attempted attack did not have any impact on our financial results, and we satisfied all regulatory obligations arising out of the attack. In response to these attacks, we implemented a variety of measures to further enhance our cybersecurity protections and minimize the impact of any future attack. Cyber threats are constantly evolving and will require us to continually assess and improve our protections; however, there can be no guarantee that a future cyber event will not occur.
Failure to comply with data privacy and protection laws and regulations could subject us to legal liability and adversely affect our reputation and our financial performance.
Our businesses use, process and store proprietary information and personal, sensitive or confidential data relating to our business, clients, and employees. Privacy laws and similar regulations in many jurisdictions where we do business require that we take significant steps to safeguard that information, and these laws and regulations continue to evolve. The scope of the laws that may be applicable to us is often uncertain and may be conflicting. In addition, new laws may add a broad array of requirements on how we handle or use information and increase our compliance obligations. For example, the European Union greatly increased the jurisdictional reach of European Law by enacting the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which, among other things, enhanced an individual’s rights with respect to their information and ongoing litigation in the European Union continues to create uncertainty in how to demonstrate compliance. In the United States, several states have enacted different laws regarding personal information, including recent changes to privacy laws in California, that impose significant new requirements. Other countries or states may enact laws or regulations in the future that have similar or additional requirements. Although we continually monitor and assess the impact of these laws and regulations, their interpretation and enforcement are uncertain, subject to change and may require substantial costs to monitor and implement. Failure to comply with data privacy and protection laws and regulations could also result in government enforcement actions (which could include substantial civil and/or criminal penalties), private litigation, and adversely affect our reputation and the results of our operations.
If we or our suppliers encounter unforeseen interruptions or difficulties in the operation of our cloud-based applications, our business could be disrupted, our reputation and relationships may be harmed and our financial performance could be adversely affected.
Our business relies upon the continuous and uninterrupted performance of our and our suppliers' cloud-based applications and systems to support numerous business processes, to service our clients and to support their transactions with their customers and postal services. Our applications and systems, and those of our partners, may be subject to interruptions due to technological errors, system capacity constraints, software errors or defects, human errors, computer or communications failures, power loss, adverse acts of nature and other unexpected events. We have business continuity and disaster recovery plans in place to protect our business operations in case of such events and we also require our suppliers to have the same. Nonetheless, there can be no guarantee that these plans will function as designed. If we are unable to limit interruptions or successfully correct them in a timely manner or at all, it could result in lost revenue, loss of critical data, significant expenditures of capital, a delay or loss in market acceptance of our services and damage to our reputation, brand and relationships, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business and our financial performance.
Macroeconomic and General Regulatory Risks
Future credit rating downgrades or capital market disruptions could adversely affect our ability to maintain adequate liquidity to provide competitive financing services to our clients and to fund various discretionary priorities.
We provide competitive finance offerings to our clients and fund discretionary priorities, such as business investments, strategic acquisitions, dividend payments and share repurchases through a combination of cash generated from operations, deposits held at the Bank and access to capital markets. Our ability to access U.S. capital markets and the associated cost of borrowing is dependent upon our credit ratings and is subject to capital market volatility. Given our current credit rating, we may experience reduced financial or strategic flexibility and higher costs when we do access the U.S. capital markets. We maintain a $500 million revolving credit facility that requires we maintain certain financial and nonfinancial covenants.
A significant decline in cash flows, noncompliance with any of the covenants under the revolving credit facility, further credit rating downgrades, material capital market disruptions, significant withdrawals by depositors at the Bank, adverse changes to our industrial loan charter or an increase in our credit default swap spread could impact our ability to maintain adequate liquidity to provide competitive finance offerings to our clients, refinance maturing debt and fund other financing activities, which in turn, could adversely affect our financial performance.
Our Global Ecommerce segment is exposed to increased foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
The sales generated from many of our clients’ internationally focused websites running on our cross-border platform are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Currently, our platforms are located in the U.S. and the U.K. and a majority of consumers making purchases through these platforms are in a limited number of foreign countries. A strengthening of the U.S. Dollar or British Pound relative to currencies in the countries where we do the most business impacts our ability to compete internationally as the cost of similar international products improves relative to the cost of U.S. and U.K. retailers' products. A strong U.S. Dollar or British Pound would likely result in a decrease in international sales volumes, which would adversely affect the segment's revenue and profitability.
Our operations and financial performance may be negatively affected by changes in trade policies, tariffs and regulations.
Our Global Ecommerce segment is subject to significant trade regulations, taxes, and duties throughout the world. Any changes to these regulations could potentially impose increased documentation and delivery requirements, increase costs, delay delivery times, subject us to additional liabilities, and could adversely affect our financial performance. Over the past three years, the United States increased tariffs for certain goods while also raising the possibility of additional tariffs. These actions triggered other nations to also increase tariffs on certain of their goods. For our Global Ecommerce segment, tariff increases, or even the political environment surrounding trade issues, could reduce demand and adversely affect our financial performance. For our SendTech Solutions segment, the increased tariffs resulted in additional costs on certain components used in some of our products. Although we have been taking actions to mitigate these costs by changing where we source certain parts, these added costs and the potential for further tariffs could affect demand for our products or the amount of profitability in some of our products and adversely affect our financial performance.
Our operational costs could increase from changes in environmental regulations, or we could be subject to significant liabilities.
We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental protection laws and regulations around the world, including without limitation, those related to the manufacture, distribution, use, packaging, labeling, recycling or disposal of our products or the products of our clients for whom we perform services. Environmental rules concerning products and packaging can have a significant impact on the cost of operations or affect our ability to do business in certain countries. We are also subject to laws concerning use, discharge or disposal of materials. These laws are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. Additionally, the change in the Presidential administration may increase the uncertainty with regard to potential changes in these laws and regulations and the enforcement of any new legislation or directives by government authorities. If we are found to have violated these laws, we could be fined, criminally charged, otherwise sanctioned by regulators, or we could be subject to liability and clean-up costs. These risks can apply to both current and legacy operations and sites. From time to time, we may be involved in litigation over these issues. The amount and timing of costs under environmental laws are difficult to predict and there can be no assurance that these costs will not have an adverse effect on our financial performance.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We lease numerous facilities worldwide, including our corporate headquarters located in Stamford, Connecticut, sales offices, service locations, data centers and call centers.
Our Global Ecommerce segment leases four fulfillment centers that comprise the majority of our fulfillment operations. Our Global Ecommerce and Presort Services segments conduct parcel operations and mail sortation operations through a network of over 50 operating centers throughout the United States. Our SendTech Solutions segment leases a manufacturing and distribution facility in Indianapolis. This facility is significant as it stores a majority of the SendTech Solutions products, supplies and inventories.
Should any facility be unable to function as intended for an extended period of time, our ability to service our clients and operating results could be impacted.
We conduct most of our research and development activities in facilities located in Noida and Pune, India and Shelton, Connecticut. Management believes that our facilities are in good operating condition, materially utilized and adequate for our current business needs.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 16 Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE COMPANY'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is principally traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol "PBI". At January 31, 2021, we had 13,436 common stockholders of record.
Share Repurchases
We periodically repurchase shares of our common stock to manage the dilution created by shares issued under employee stock plans and for other purposes. During 2020, we did not repurchase any additional shares of our common stock and in 2019, we repurchased 18.6 million shares of our common stock at an aggregate price of $105 million. At December 31, 2020, we have authorization to repurchase up to of $16 million of our common stock.
Stock Performance Graph
Our peer group is comprised of: ACCO Brands Corporation, Alliance Data Systems Corporation, Deluxe Corporation, Diebold Nixdorf, Incorporated, Echo Global Logistics, Inc., Fidelity National Information Services, Inc., Fiserv, Inc., Hub Group, Inc., NCR Corporation, R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company, Rockwell Automation, Inc., Stamps.com Inc., The Western Union Company and Xerox Holdings Corporation.
The accompanying graph shows the annual change in the value of a $100 investment in Pitney Bowes Inc., the Standard and Poor's (S&P) 500 Composite Index, the S&P SmallCap 600 Composite Index and our peer group over a five-year period assuming the reinvestment of dividends. On a total return basis, a $100 investment on December 31, 2015 in Pitney Bowes Inc., the S&P 500 Composite Index, the S&P SmallCap 600 Composite Index and our peer group would have been worth $39, $203, $179 and $175, respectively, on December 31, 2020.
All information is based upon data independently provided to us by Standard & Poor's Corporation and is derived from their official total return calculation. Total return for the S&P 500 and S&P SmallCap 600 Composite Indexes and our peer group is based on market capitalization, weighted for each year. The stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the more detailed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report. Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses using the modified retrospective transition approach with a cumulative effect adjustment at the date of initial application. Accordingly, periods prior to January 1, 2020, have not been restated for this standard and are presented under the prior guidance. Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, Leases (ASC 842) using the modified retrospective transition approach of applying the standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment at the date of initial application. Accordingly, periods prior to January 1, 2017, have not been restated for this standard and are presented under the prior guidance. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment at the date of initial application. Accordingly, periods prior to January 1, 2018, have not been restated for this standard and are presented under the prior guidance. Discontinued operations includes our Software Solutions and Production Mail businesses.
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Total revenue $ 3,554,075 $ 3,205,125 $ 3,211,522 $ 2,784,007 $ 2,656,172
Amounts attributable to common stockholders:
(Loss) income from continuing operations $ (191,659) $ 40,149 $ 181,705 $ 180,039 $ 210,861
Income (loss) from discontinued operations 10,115 154,460 60,106 63,489 (118,056)
Net (loss) income $ (181,544) $ 194,609 $ 241,811 $ 243,528 $ 92,805
Basic (loss) earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):
Continuing operations $ (1.12) $ 0.23 $ 0.97 $ 0.97 $ 1.12
Discontinued operations 0.06 0.88 0.32 0.34 (0.63)
Net (loss) income $ (1.06) $ 1.10 $ 1.29 $ 1.31 $ 0.49
Diluted (loss) earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):
Continuing operations $ (1.12) $ 0.23 $ 0.96 $ 0.96 $ 1.12
Discontinued operations 0.06 0.87 0.32 0.34 (0.62)
Net (loss) income $ (1.06) $ 1.10 $ 1.28 $ 1.30 $ 0.49
Cash dividends paid per share of common stock
$ 0.20 $ 0.20 $ 0.75 $ 0.75 $ 0.75
Balance sheet data:
December 31,
2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Total assets $ 5,220,137 $ 5,466,900 $ 5,938,419 $ 6,634,606 $ 5,837,133
Long-term debt $ 2,348,361 $ 2,719,614 $ 3,066,073 $ 3,559,278 $ 2,750,405
Total debt $ 2,564,393 $ 2,739,722 $ 3,265,608 $ 3,830,335 $ 3,364,890
(1) The sum of earnings per share may not equal the totals due to rounding.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and operating results should be read in conjunction with our risk factors, consolidated financial statements and related notes. This discussion includes forward-looking statements based on management's current expectations, estimates and projections and involves risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ significantly from those currently expressed. A detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is outlined under "Forward-Looking Statements" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K. All table amounts are presented in thousands of dollars.
Throughout this discussion, we may refer to revenue growth on a constant currency basis. Constant currency measures exclude the impact of changes in currency exchange rates from the prior period under comparison. We believe that excluding the impacts of currency exchange rates provides investors a better understanding of the underlying revenue performance. Constant currency change is calculated by converting the current period non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue using the prior year’s exchange rate. Where constant currency measures are not provided, the actual change and constant currency change are the same.
Management measures segment profitability and performance using segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). Segment EBIT is calculated by deducting from segment revenue the related costs and expenses attributable to the segment. Segment EBIT excludes interest, taxes, general corporate expenses, restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, goodwill impairment charges and other items not allocated to a business segment. Management believes that it provides investors a useful measure of operating performance and underlying trends of the business. Segment EBIT may not be indicative of our overall consolidated performance and therefore, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated results of operations.
Overview
Financial Results Summary - Twelve Months Ended December 31:
Revenue
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change Constant Currency % Change
Business services $ 2,191,306 $ 1,710,801 28 % 28 %
Support services 473,292 506,187 (6) % (7) %
Financing 341,034 368,090 (7) % (7) %
Equipment sales 314,882 352,104 (11) % (11) %
Supplies 159,282 187,287 (15) % (15) %
Rentals 74,279 80,656 (8) % (8) %
Total revenue $ 3,554,075 $ 3,205,125 11 % 11 %
Revenue
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change Constant currency % change
Global Ecommerce $ 1,618,897 $ 1,151,510 41 % 41 %
Presort Services 521,212 529,588 (2) % (2) %
Commerce Services 2,140,109 1,681,098 27 % 27 %
SendTech Solutions 1,413,966 1,524,027 (7) % (7) %
Total $ 3,554,075 $ 3,205,125 11 % 11 %
EBIT
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 % change
Global Ecommerce $ (82,894) $ (70,146) (18) %
Presort Services 55,799 70,693 (21) %
Commerce Services (27,095) 547 >(100%)
SendTech Solutions 441,085 490,322 (10) %
Total Segment EBIT $ 413,990 $ 490,869 (16) %
Revenue increased 11% in 2020 compared to 2019, driven by a 28% increase in business services revenue, primarily due to significantly higher volumes in our Global Ecommerce segment. This growth more than offset declines in all other revenue line items driven in part from the continuing impacts of COVID-19. Within our business segments, Global Ecommerce revenue grew 41% due to increased domestic parcel delivery and cross-border volumes, Presort Services revenue declined 2% due to lower First Class Mail and Marketing Mail volumes and SendTech Solutions revenue declined 7%, primarily due to lower equipment sales and supplies revenue. Global Ecommerce EBIT decreased 18% and Presort Services EBIT decreased 21% from the prior year primarily driven by higher labor and transportation costs caused by increased demand and competition for these resources and increased costs and reduced productivity due to COVID-19. SendTech Solutions EBIT declined 10% primarily due to lower revenue and higher credit loss provisions. Prior year segment EBIT was adversely impacted by $19 million related to a ransomware attack and current year segment EBIT includes $13 million of insurance proceeds related to this attack. Refer to Results of Operations section for further information.
Impacts of COVID-19
The global spread of COVID-19 and the efforts to contain it are adversely affecting global economies, impacting demand for a broad variety of goods and services and creating disruptions and shortages in supply chains. We implemented measures in our facilities to protect the health and safety of our employees and contractors, including staggering shifts and breaks to enhance social distancing, providing personal protection equipment, conducting temperature checks and sanitizing equipment and facilities multiple times a day. Employees that have the ability to work remotely are doing so and corporate and local management continue to assess conditions to determine when, and how, these employees should return to their office locations.
COVID-19 has impacted our financial results in different ways in each of our businesses. Global Ecommerce has seen a significant increase in volumes due to the demand for ecommerce solutions in the current environment. However, this increase in volumes has resulted in higher postal costs driven by capacity constraints and higher labor and transportation costs as many companies are competing for these resources. At the start of the pandemic, Presort Services experienced a significant decline in both First Class and Marketing Mail. However, while volumes for the full year 2020 were down from the prior year, we did see quarter over quarter improvement throughout the year. Presort Services was also impacted by higher labor costs. As a result of the health and safety measures implemented in all our Commerce Services facilities, we also incurred additional costs and reduced productivity.
In SendTech Solutions, the global shut-down of businesses and increase in the number of clients working remotely at the onset of COVID-19 had a significantly adverse impact on demand for and usage of our mailing equipment and supplies, and our ability to perform on-site service and installations. We saw improving trends in equipment sales and supplies revenues quarter over quarter throughout 2020. As businesses continue to operate remotely, we are also seeing improvement in our cloud-enabled shipping and mailing solutions.
Outlook
We continue to position ourselves for long-term success as a global technology company focused on shipping, mailing and related financial services. We are investing in market opportunities and new solutions and services across all our businesses, optimizing our operations and implementing cost savings initiatives to drive long-term value. Our portfolio is shifting to higher growth markets and we expect margins to improve as we build scale and realize the full benefits of our investments and optimizations.
Within Global Ecommerce, we expect the accelerated market growth of ecommerce brought on by COVID-19 to continue and anticipate revenue growth in 2021. We expect margin and profit improvements in 2021 from pricing initiatives and operational improvements within our facilities and network designed to drive efficiencies and increased productivity. Within Presort Services, we expect the improving volume trends in the second half of 2020 to continue throughout 2021 through organic volume growth and acquisitions. Margins are expected to improve in 2021 from productivity initiatives, increased automation and facilities consolidation and optimization. Within SendTech Solutions, we expect recurring revenue streams to continue to decline, but growth in our cloud-
enabled shipping solutions and sales of our multi-purpose devices to partially offset these declines. On a consolidated basis, we expect modest revenue growth in 2021 compared to 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to impact our business, operations and financial performance. Given the unpredictability of the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, including various governments’ responses to the pandemic, its effect on the global economy, and the efficacy and availability of a vaccine, the ultimate impact of the pandemic on our business, operations and financial performance remains uncertain. Accordingly, there are many factors not within our control that could affect the pandemic's ultimate impact on our business and current outlook for 2021. However, we believe we are well positioned to manage through the current conditions and will continue to take proactive steps to manage our cash flows and liquidity.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
REVENUE AND SEGMENT EBIT
Global Ecommerce
Global Ecommerce includes the revenue and related expenses from domestic parcel services, cross-border solutions and digital delivery services.
Revenue Cost of Revenue Gross Margin
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change Constant Currency % change 2020 2019 2020 2019
Business services $ 1,618,897 $ 1,151,510 41 % 41 % $ 1,480,612 $ 988,747 8.5 % 14.1 %
Segment EBIT
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change
Segment EBIT $ (82,894) $ (70,146) (18) %
Global Ecommerce revenue increased 41% in 2020 due to significantly higher volumes primarily attributable to a market shift to ecommerce solutions brought on by COVID-19. Domestic parcel delivery volumes contributed revenue growth of 36% and increased cross-border volumes contributed revenue growth of 5%.
Gross margin decreased to 8.5% from 14.1% in the prior year due primarily to increased postal, transportation and labor costs resulting from capacity restraints and increased competition for transportation and labor resources due to the accelerated and sudden market growth in ecommerce solutions, investments to support this growth and incremental COVID-19 related costs.
Segment EBIT in 2020 was a loss of $83 million compared to a loss of $70 million in 2019 primarily due to the decline in gross margin, which reduced EBIT by $30 million, partially offset by lower operating expenses of $5 million. Prior year segment EBIT was adversely impacted by $6 million as a result of a ransomware attack and current year segment EBIT benefited from $6 million in net insurance proceeds received related to this attack.
Presort Services
Presort Services includes revenue and related expenses from sortation services to qualify large volumes of First Class Mail, Marketing Mail, Marketing Mail Flats and Bound Printed Matter for postal worksharing discounts.
Revenue Cost of Revenue Gross Margin
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change Constant Currency % change 2020 2019 2020 2019
Business services $ 521,212 $ 529,588 (2) % (2) % $ 402,599 $ 392,716 22.8 % 25.8 %
Segment EBIT
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change
Segment EBIT $ 55,799 $ 70,693 (21) %
Presort Services revenue decreased 2% in 2020 compared to 2019 due to lower volumes of First Class Mail and Marketing Mail, driven primarily by COVID-19. Incremental volumes from acquisitions during the year contributed revenue growth of 3%.
Gross margin declined to 22.8% from 25.8% due to higher labor costs and incremental costs associated with COVID-19. Segment EBIT declined 21% in 2020. Prior year segment EBIT was adversely impacted by $4 million as a result of a ransomware attack and current year segment EBIT benefited from $4 million of insurance proceeds received related to this attack.
SendTech Solutions
SendTech Solutions includes the revenue and related expenses from physical and digital mailing and shipping technology solutions, financing, services, supplies and other applications to help simplify and save on the sending, tracking and receiving of letters, parcels and flats.
Revenue Cost of Revenue Gross Margin
Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31, Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change Constant Currency % change 2020 2019 2020 2019
Business services $ 51,197 $ 29,703 72 % 75 % $ 20,694 $ 7,289 59.6 % 75.5 %
Support services 473,292 506,187 (6) % (7) % 148,293 161,648 68.7 % 68.1 %
Financing 341,034 368,090 (7) % (7) % 48,162 44,648 85.9 % 87.9 %
Equipment sales 314,882 352,104 (11) % (11) % 236,550 243,393 24.9 % 30.9 %
Supplies 159,282 187,287 (15) % (15) % 41,679 49,882 73.8 % 73.4 %
Rentals 74,279 80,656 (8) % (8) % 25,600 31,530 65.5 % 60.9 %
Total revenue
$ 1,413,966 $ 1,524,027 (7) % (7) % $ 520,978 $ 538,390 63.2 % 64.7 %
Segment EBIT
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change
Segment EBIT $ 441,085 $ 490,322 (10) %
SendTech Solutions revenue decreased 7% in 2020 compared to 2019. Supplies and equipment sales decreased 15% and 11%, respectively, as the effects of COVID-19 hindered our ability to perform on-site sales calls and installations and reduced usage and demand for supplies. Rentals and support services revenue decreased 8% and 7% at constant currency, respectively, primarily driven by a declining meter population and reduced service calls from COVID-19. Financing revenue decreased 7%, primarily driven by a declining lease portfolio and was partially offset by $10 million of gains from the sale of investment securities. Business services revenue increased $21 million, or 75% at constant currency, primarily due to an increased use of our shipping products.
Gross margin in 2020 was 63.2% compared to 64.7% in 2019. The slight decrease in gross margin was primarily due to the decline in revenue as well as the mix of equipment sales due in part to delays in scheduling and performing on-site installations of our higher end products.
We allocate a portion of our total cost of borrowing to financing interest expense. In computing financing interest expense, we assume an 8:1 debt to equity leverage ratio and apply our overall effective interest rate to the average outstanding finance receivables.
Segment EBIT decreased 10% in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to the decline in revenue and higher credit loss provision of $10 million due to the current economic recessionary conditions and outlook caused by COVID-19, partially offset by lower expenses of $47 million from cost savings initiatives, including lower professional fees of $14 million, lower marketing expenses of $11 million, lower research and development costs of $9 million and lower travel expenses of $4 million. Prior year segment EBIT was adversely impacted by $8 million as a result of a ransomware attack and current year segment EBIT benefited from $3 million of insurance proceeds received related to this attack.
UNALLOCATED CORPORATE EXPENSES
The majority of our SG&A expense is recorded directly or allocated to our reportable segments. Those expenses not recorded directly or allocated to our reportable segments are reported as unallocated corporate expenses. Unallocated corporate expenses primarily represents corporate administrative functions such as finance, marketing, human resources, legal, information technology and innovation.
Years Ended December 31,
2020 2019 Actual % change
Unallocated corporate expenses $ 200,406 $ 211,529 (5) %
The decline in unallocated corporate expenses of $11 million in 2020 compared to 2019 was primarily driven by lower employee-related expenses of $15 million, lower professional fees of $6 million and insurance proceeds of $4 million received in connection with a ransomware attack partially offset by an increase in marketing expenses of $8 million.
CONSOLIDATED EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A)
SG&A expense of $963 million in 2020 decreased 4%, or $41 million, compared to 2019, primarily due to lower professional and consulting fees of $19 million, lower employee-related expenses of $12 million and lower travel related expenses of $11 million partially offset by higher credit loss provision of $14 million.
Research and development (R&D)
R&D expense decreased 25%, or $13 million in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to lower project spending and cost savings initiatives.
Restructuring charges and asset impairments
Restructuring charges and asset impairments for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $21 million. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Goodwill impairment
We recorded a non-cash, pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $198 million associated with our Global Ecommerce reporting unit in the first quarter of 2020. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Other components of net pension and postretirement (income) cost
Other components of net pension and postretirement income for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $2 million. The amount of other components of net pension and postretirement (income) cost recognized each year will vary based on actuarial assumptions and actual results of our pension plans. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Other expense, net
Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes a $37 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt, partially offset by $17 million of insurance proceeds and a $12 million gain on the sale of an equity investment.
INCOME TAXES AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Income taxes
The effective tax rate for 2020 includes a $12 million charge for the surrender of company owned life insurance policies, a $5 million benefit for the correction of tax balances in certain domestic and international tax jurisdictions, a $3 million benefit due to regulations enacted into law, a $2 million benefit for the carryback of net operating losses resulting from the CARES Act and a benefit of $2 million on the $198 million goodwill impairment charge as the majority of this charge is nondeductible. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Discontinued operations includes the Software Solutions business sold in December 2019, with the exception of the software business in Australia, which closed in January 2020, and the Production Mail business sold in July 2018. Income from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily includes the net gain on the sale of the Australia software business. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At December 31, 2020 we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $940 million, which includes $202 million held at our foreign subsidiaries used to support the liquidity needs of those subsidiaries. Our ability to maintain adequate liquidity for our operations is dependent upon a number of factors, including our revenue and earnings, our clients ability to pay their balances on a timely basis, the length and severity of COVID-19 and its impact on macroeconomic conditions and our ability to take further cost savings and cash conservation measures if necessary. At this time, we believe that existing cash and investments, cash generated from operations and borrowing capacity under our $500 million revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our cash needs for the next 12 months.
Cash Flow Summary
The change in cash and cash equivalents is as follows:
2020 2019
As Revised
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 301,972 $ 267,883
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (75,692) 457,550
Net cash used in financing activities (235,371) (670,299)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 6,099 2,046
Change in cash and cash equivalents $ (2,992) $ 57,180
Operating activities
Cash provided by operating activities of $302 million in 2020 increased $34 million compared to 2019. Cash flows from continuing operations increased $81 million over the prior year to $340 million primarily driven by the timing of working capital. This was partially offset by a decrease in cash flows from discontinued operations of $47 million primarily due to the settlement of taxes related to the gain on the sale of our Software Solutions business in 2020.
Investing activities
Cash of $76 million was used in investing activities in 2020 compared to cash provided by investing activities of $458 million in 2019. Cash flow from investing activities in 2019 includes $670 million from discontinued operations, primarily from proceeds of the sale of the Software Solutions business. Cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was $73 million compared to $213 million in 2019. The improvement was due to lower capital expenditures of $32 million due to the prioritization and delay of certain investments in light of COVID-19 and $58 million in proceeds from the surrender of company-owned life insurance policies ($46 million) and the sale of an equity investment ($12 million).
Financing activities
Cash used in financing activities was $235 million in 2020 compared to $670 million in 2019. The improvement in cash flow was primarily due to lower net debt repayments of $351 million and lower stock repurchases of $105 million, partially offset by $28 million of higher premium payments and fees associated with the early extinguishment of debt.
Debt and Capitalization
In February 2020, we secured a five-year $850 million term loan maturing January 2025 (the 2025 Term Loan). The 2025 Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 5.5% and resets monthly. We have interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $500 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with $500 million of our variable-rate term loans. Under the terms of the swap agreements, we pay fixed-rate interest of 0.4443% and receive variable-rate interest based on one-month LIBOR. The variable interest rate under the term loans and the swaps reset monthly.
In March 2020, we purchased under a tender offer $428 million of the October 2021 notes, $250 million of the May 2022 notes, $125 million of the April 2023 notes and $125 million of the March 2024 notes. A $37 million loss was incurred on the early redemption of debt.
During 2020, we repaid $52 million of principal related to our term loans in accordance with the terms of these loans. In 2021, $63 million of our term loans is scheduled to mature.
We have a $500 million secured revolving credit facility that expires in November 2024 (the Credit Facility). The Credit Facility requires that we maintain a Consolidated Adjusted Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility agreement) and a Consolidated Adjusted Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility agreement), and comply with certain other nonfinancial covenants. Compliance with covenants is determined at the end of each fiscal quarter. In the event of noncompliance with any of the covenants, borrowings under the Credit Facility, the 2024 Term Loan and the 2025 Term Loan (collectively, the Facilities) may be accelerated (subject to grace periods, as appropriate). For more information on our financial covenants refer to our exhibits. At December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants. In April 2020, we borrowed $100 million under the Credit Faciltiy and repaid this amount in September 2020. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility.
Borrowings under the Facilities are secured by substantially all company assets and the assets of certain of our domestic subsidiaries, subject to customary exclusions and limitations set forth in the Credit Facility agreement and other executed loan documents. The Credit Facility agreement contains representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants that are usual and customary, including negative covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional debt, incur or permit liens on assets, make investments and acquisitions, consolidate or merge with any other company, engage in asset sales and make dividends and distributions.
Interest rates on certain notes are subject to adjustment based on changes in our credit ratings. As a result of credit rating downgrades in November 2019 and May 2020, the interest rates on the October 2021 notes and April 2023 notes increased 0.25% in the fourth quarter of 2020. On February 10, 2021, Standard and Poor's downgraded our credit rating and the credit ratings of our secured and unsecured debt. As a result, the interest rates on the May 2022 notes and April 2023 notes will increase 0.25% after their next interest payment date. Further, on February 17, 2021, we announced that on February 22, 2021, we will redeem the October 2021 notes.
Interest rates on secured borrowings under the Facilities are determined based on LIBOR, which is expected to be phased out after 2021. At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates will become accepted alternatives to LIBOR. Our credit documents include language to address the transition from LIBOR to an alternative rate; however, there are still many uncertainties about this transition and no assurances can be given that the transition to an alternate rate will not increase our cost of debt.
We have a total of $2.1 billion of debt maturing within the next five years. We fully expect to be able to fund these maturities with cash or by refinancing through the U.S. capital markets. However, our ability to access the U.S. capital markets is dependent upon our credit ratings and is subject to capital market volatility. Given our current credit rating, we may experience reduced flexibility and higher costs when we access the U.S. capital markets.
Each quarter, our Board of Directors considers our recent and projected earnings and other capital needs and priorities in deciding whether to approve a dividend. There are no material restrictions on our ability to declare dividends. We expect to continue to pay a quarterly dividend; however, no assurances can be given.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our known contractual obligations at December 31, 2020 and the effect that such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in millions):
Payments due in
Total 2021 2022-2023 2024-2025 After 2025
Debt maturities $ 2,610 $ 216 $ 630 $ 1,303 $ 461
Interest payments on debt (1)
966 132 217 106 511
Noncancelable operating lease obligations 280 52 79 58 91
Purchase obligations (2) 244 244 - - -
Pension plan contributions (3) 15 15 - - -
Retiree medical payments (4) 120 15 29 25 51
Total $ 4,235 $ 674 $ 955 $ 1,492 $ 1,114
(1)Assumes interest rates in effect at December 31, 2020 and that all debt is held to maturity.
(2)Includes unrecorded agreements to purchase goods and services that are enforceable and legally binding upon us and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable without penalty.
(3)Represents the contributions we anticipate making to our pension plans during 2021. This amount is subject to change as we assess our funding alternatives throughout the year.
(4)Our retiree health benefit plans are unfunded plans and cash contributions are made to cover medical claims. The amounts reported in the above table represent our estimate of future payments.
The amount and period of future payments related to our income tax uncertainties cannot be reliably estimated and are not included in the above table. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December, 31, 2020, we had approximately $37 million outstanding in letters of credit guarantees with financial institutions that are primarily issued as security for insurance, leases, customs and other performance obligations. In general, we would only be liable for the amount of these guarantees in the event of default in the performance of our obligations, the probability of which we believe is remote.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about certain items that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and accompanying disclosures, including the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The accounting policies below have been identified by management as those policies that are most critical to our financial statements due to the estimates and assumptions required. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used are reasonable and appropriate based on the information available at the time the financial statements were prepared; however, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of our accounting policies.
Revenue recognition
We derive revenue from multiple sources including the sale and lease of equipment, equipment rentals, financing, support services and business services. Certain transactions are consummated at the same time and can therefore generate revenue from multiple sources. The most common form of these arrangements involve a sale or noncancelable lease of equipment, meter services and an equipment maintenance agreement. We are required to determine whether each product and service within the contract should be treated as a separate performance obligation (unit of accounting) for revenue recognition purposes. We recognize revenue for performance obligations when control is transferred to the customer. Transfer of control may occur at a point in time or over time, depending on the nature of the contract and the performance obligation.
Revenue is allocated among performance obligations based on relative standalone selling prices (SSP), which are a range of selling prices that we would sell the good or service to a customer on a separate basis. SSP are established for each performance obligation at the inception of the contract and can be observable prices or estimated. Revenue is allocated to the meter service and equipment maintenance agreement elements using their respective observable selling prices charged in standalone and renewal transactions. For sale and lease transactions, the SSP of the equipment is based on a range of observable selling prices in standalone transactions. We recognize revenue on non-lease transactions when control of the equipment transfers to the customer, which is upon delivery for customer installable models and upon installation or customer acceptance for other models. We recognize revenue on equipment for lease transactions upon shipment for customer installable models and upon installation or customer acceptance for other models.
Impairment review
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level during the fourth quarter or sooner if circumstances indicate an impairment may exist. The impairment test for goodwill determines the fair value of each reporting unit and compares it to the reporting unit's carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.
Testing goodwill for impairment requires us to identify our reporting units and assign assets and liabilities, including goodwill, to each reporting unit. The fair value of a reporting unit is based on one or a combination of techniques, which include a discounted cash flow model, multiples of competitors, and/or multiples from sales of like businesses. To determine fair value using a discounted cash flow model, management's cash flow projections include significant judgements and assumptions relating to revenue growth rates, projected operating income and discount rate. Changes in any of these estimates or assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and the associated goodwill impairment assessment for each reporting unit. Potential events and circumstances, such as the loss of a significant client, inability to acquire new clients, downward pressures on pricing or rising interest rates could materially impact the fair value determination of a reporting unit and potentially result in a non-cash impairment charge in future periods.
During the first quarter of 2020, the Global Ecommerce reporting unit experienced weaker than expected performance, due in part to the deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and uncertainty brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, causing us to evaluate the Global Ecommerce goodwill for impairment. We determined that the estimated fair value of the Global Ecommerce reporting unit was less than its carrying value and recorded a non-cash, pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $198 million. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test to assess the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill. As a result of the annual test, we determined that the fair value of all reporting units exceeded their carrying values and no additional impairment charges were recorded.
Long-lived and finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. The estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets is compared to the carrying value. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the asset's carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded for an amount by which the carrying value exceeds its fair value. The fair value of the impaired asset is determined using probability weighted expected cash flow estimates, quoted market prices when available and appraisals, as appropriate. We derive the cash flow estimates from our long-term business plans and historical experience. Changes in
the estimates and assumptions incorporated in our impairment assessment could materially affect the determination of fair value and the associated impairment charge.
Allowances for credit losses and doubtful accounts
Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type leases, secured loans and unsecured revolving loans. We provide an allowance for probable credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts and current economic outlook.
Total allowance for credit losses as a percentage of finance receivables was 3% at December 31, 2020 and 2% at December 31, 2019. Holding all other assumptions constant, a 0.25% change in the allowance rate at December 31, 2020 would have reduced pre-tax income by $3 million.
Trade accounts receivable are generally due within 30 days after the invoice date. Accounts deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our accounts receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients.
The allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of trade accounts receivables was 5% at both December 31, 2020 and 2019. Holding all other assumptions constant, a 0.25% change in the allowance rate at December 31, 2020 would have reduced pre-tax income by $1 million.
Income taxes and valuation allowance
We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our annual tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates, tax reserve changes and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining the annual tax rate and in evaluating our tax positions. We regularly assess the likelihood of tax adjustments in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we have operations and account for the related financial statement implications. We have established tax reserves that we believe are appropriate given the possibility of tax adjustments. Determining the appropriate level of tax reserves requires judgment regarding the uncertain application of tax laws. Reserves are adjusted when information becomes available or when an event occurs indicating a change in the reserve is appropriate. Changes in tax reserves could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
Significant judgment is also required in determining the amount of deferred tax assets that will ultimately be realized and corresponding deferred tax asset valuation allowance. When estimating the necessary valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence for each jurisdiction including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies. If new information becomes available that would alter our estimate of the amount of deferred tax assets that will ultimately be realized, we adjust the valuation allowance through income tax expense. Changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
Pension benefits
The calculation of net periodic pension expense and determination of net pension obligations are dependent on assumptions and estimates relating to, among other things, the discount rate (interest rate used to discount the future estimated liability) and the expected rate of return on plan assets. These assumptions are evaluated and updated annually.
The discount rate for our largest plan, the U.S. Qualified Pension Plan (the U.S. Plan) and our largest foreign plan, the U.K. Qualified Pension Plan (the U.K. Plan) used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for 2020 was 3.35% and 1.90%, respectively. For 2021, the discount rate used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for the U.S. Plan and the U.K. Plan will be 2.55% and 1.30%, respectively. A 0.25% change in the discount rate would not materially impact annual pension expense for the U.S. Plan or the U.K. Plan. A 0.25% change in the discount rate would impact the projected benefit obligation of the U.S. Plan and U.K. Plan by $51 million and $31 million, respectively.
The expected rate of return on plan assets used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for 2020 was 6.25% for the U.S. Plan and 5.75% for the U.K. Plan. For 2021, the expected rate of return on plan assets used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for the U.S. Plan will be 5.60% and the U.K. Plan will be 4.75%. A 0.25% change in the expected rate of return on plan assets would impact annual pension expense for the U.S. Plan by $3 million and the U.K. Plan by $1 million.
Actual pension plan results that differ from our assumptions and estimates are accumulated and amortized primarily over the life expectancy of plan participants and affect future pension expense. Net pension expense is also based on a market-related valuation of plan assets where differences between the actual and expected return on plan assets are recognized over a five-year period. Plan benefits for participants in a majority of our U.S. and foreign pension plans are frozen.
Residual value of leased assets
Equipment residual values are determined at the inception of the lease using estimates of the equipment's fair value at the end of the lease term. Residual value estimates impact the determination of whether a lease is classified as an operating lease or a sales-type lease. Fair value estimates of equipment at the end of the lease term are based on historical renewal experience, used equipment markets, competition and technological changes.
We evaluate residual values on an annual basis or sooner if circumstances warrant. Declines in estimated residual values considered "other-than-temporary" are recognized immediately. Increases in estimated future residual values are not recognized until the equipment is remarketed. If the actual residual value of leased assets were 10% lower than management's current estimates and considered "other-than-temporary", pre-tax income would be $5 million lower.
Legal and Regulatory Matters
See Regulatory Matters in Item 1, Other Tax Matters in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for regulatory matters regarding our tax returns and Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our legal proceedings.
Foreign Currency Exchange
The functional currency for most of our foreign operations is the local currency. Changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of countries in which we operate impact our reported assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Exchange rate fluctuations can also impact the settlement of intercompany receivables and payables between our subsidiaries in different countries. During 2020, 12% of our consolidated revenue was from operations outside the United States and the translation of foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar did not have a material impact on revenues or operating results for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our objective in managing exposure to foreign currency is to reduce the volatility in earnings and cash flows associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, we enter into forward contracts, which are intended to offset the corresponding change in value of the underlying external and intercompany transactions. The principal currencies actively hedged are the British Pound, Canadian Dollar and the Euro.
We are also exposed to changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2020, 46% of our debt was variable rate obligations, compared to 14% in 2019. To mitigate our exposure to changing interest rates, we may enter into interest rate swap agreements to effectively convert a portion of our variable rate debt to fixed rate. The weighted average interest rate of variable debt at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. A one-percentage point change in the effective interest rate of our variable rate debt at December 31, 2020 would have reduced pre-tax income by $7 million.
We employ established policies and procedures governing the use of financial instruments to manage our exposure to such risks and do not enter into foreign currency or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.
We utilize a "Value-at-Risk" (VaR) model to determine the potential loss in fair value from changes in market conditions. The VaR model utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation approach and assumes normal market conditions, a 95% confidence level and a one-day holding period. The model includes our public debt, interest rate swaps and foreign exchange derivative contracts, but excludes anticipated transactions, firm commitments and accounts receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies, which certain of these instruments are intended to hedge. The VaR model is a risk analysis tool and does not purport to represent actual losses in fair value that will be incurred, nor does it consider the potential effect of favorable changes in market factors.
During 2020 and 2019, our maximum potential one-day loss in fair value of our exposure to foreign exchange rates and interest rates, was not material.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules" in this Form 10-K.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)), that are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Any system of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable (and not absolute) assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Under the direction of our CEO and CFO, management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding this caution, the CEO and CFO have reasonable assurance that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Management assessed the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 under the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) and concluded that the internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report in this Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, such internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Other than information regarding our executive officers disclosed in Part I of this Annual Report, the information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Code of Ethics
We have Business Practices Guidelines (BPG) that apply to all our officers and other employees and a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the Code) that applies to our Board of Directors. The BPG and the Code are posted on our corporate governance website located at www.pb.com/us/our-company/leadership-and-governance/corporate-governance.html. Amendments to either the BPG or the Code and any waiver from a provision of the BPG or the Code requiring disclosure will be disclosed on our corporate governance website.
Audit Committee - Audit Committee Financial Expert
The information regarding the Audit Committee, its members and the Audit Committee financial experts is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION TABLE
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2020 regarding the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under our equity compensation plans.
Plan Category (a)
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b)
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (c)
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans excluding securities reflected in column (a)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
12,814,365 $11.81 20,581,676
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
- - -
Total 12,814,365 $11.81 20,581,676
Other than information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, the information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules
Page Number in Form 10-K
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 36
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 37
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 38
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 39
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 40
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 41
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 88
(a)(2) Exhibits
Reg. S-K
exhibits
Description Status or incorporation by reference
3(a) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Pitney Bowes Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(a) to Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 30, 2019 (Commission file number 1-3579)
3(b) Pitney Bowes Inc. Amended and Restated By-laws (effective May 10, 2013) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(d) to Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 13, 2013 (Commission file number 1-3579)
4 Description of Registered Securities Exhibit 4
4(a) Form of Indenture between the Company and SunTrust Bank, as Trustee Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-72304) filed with the Commission on October 26, 2001
4(b) Supplemental Indenture No. 1 dated April 18, 2003 between the Company and SunTrust Bank, as Trustee Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 18, 2004
4(d) First Supplemental Indenture, by and among Pitney Bowes Inc., The Bank of New York, and Citibank, N.A., to the Indenture, dated as of February 14, 2005, by and between the Company and Citibank Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed with the Commission on October 24, 2007 (Commission file number 1-3579)
4(e) Supplemental Indenture No. 2 dated as of February 26, 2020, by and between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(a) * Retirement Plan for Directors of Pitney Bowes Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on March 30, 1993 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(b.3) * Pitney Bowes Inc. Directors' Stock Plan (Amended and Restated effective May 12, 2014) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b.3) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 20, 2015 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(c) * Pitney Bowes Stock Plan (as amended and restated as of January 1, 2002) Incorporated by reference to Annex 1 to the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the Commission on March 26, 2002 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(d) * Pitney Bowes Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (as amended November 7, 2009) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (v) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2010 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(e) * Pitney Bowes Inc. Key Employees' Incentive Plan (as amended and restated February 4, 2019) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 20, 2019 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(f) * Pitney Bowes Severance Plan (as amended and restated as of January 1, 2008) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 29, 2008 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(g) * Pitney Bowes Senior Executive Severance Policy (as amended and restated as of February 4, 2019) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 20, 2019 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(h) * Pitney Bowes Inc. Deferred Incentive Savings Plan for the Board of Directors, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2009 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2009 (Commission file number 1-3579)
PART IV
Reg. S-K
exhibits
Description Status or incorporation by reference
10(i) * Pitney Bowes Inc. Deferred Incentive Savings Plan as amended and restated effective January 1, 2009 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(h) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2009 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(j) * Pitney Bowes Inc. 1998 U.K. S.A.Y.E. Stock Option Plan Incorporated by reference to Annex II to the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the Commission on March 23, 2006 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(k) * Form of Long Term Incentive Award Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(k) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 25, 2013 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(m)* Pitney Bowes Director Equity Deferral plan dated November 8, 2013 (effective May 12, 2014) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(o) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 22, 2016 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(o)* Pitney Bowes Executive Equity Deferral Plan dated November 7, 2014 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(p) to Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 22, 2016 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(p)* Pitney Bowes Inc. 2013 Stock Plan Incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the Commission on March 25, 2013 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(q)* Amended and Restated Pitney Bowes Inc. 2018 Stock Plan Incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the Commission on March 18, 2020 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(r) Credit Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2019 (the "Credit Agreement"), among the company, the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 5, 2019 (Commission file number 1-3579)
10(s) First Incremental Facility Amendment, dated as of February 19, 2020, to the Credit Agreement, among the company, the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., administrative agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 20, 2020 (Commission file number 1-3579)
21 Subsidiaries of the registrant Exhibit 21
23 Consent of independent registered accounting firm Exhibit 23
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Exhibit 31.1
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Exhibit 31.2
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Exhibit 32.1
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Exhibit 32.2
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104 The cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).
* The Exhibits identified above with an asterisk (*) are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.
The Company has outstanding certain other long-term indebtedness. Such long-term indebtedness does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company; therefore, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of such indebtedness are not included as exhibits. The Company agrees to furnish copies of such instruments to the SEC upon request.