EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1816937
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1816937_10-K_2025_0001641172-25-004605.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
The Company uses, and will continue to use, its website, press releases, and various social media channels, including its X (formerly known as Twitter) account (twitter.com/BOXABL), its LinkedIn account (https://www.linkedin.com/company/BOXABL/), its Facebook account (facebook.com/BOXABL), its TikTok account (tiktok.com/BOXABL), its Instagram account (instagram.com/BOXABL), and its YouTube account (youtube.com/@BOXABL), as additional means of disclosing public information to investors, the media and others interested in the Company. It is possible that certain information that the Company posts on its website, disseminated in press releases and on social media could be deemed to be material information, and the Company encourages investors, the media and others interested in the Company to review the business and financial information that the Company posts on its website, disseminates in press releases and on the social media channels identified above, as such information could be deemed as material information. Unless otherwise indicated, dollar amounts above $1,000 in this Annual Report have been rounded to the nearest thousand, million or billion, as applicable.
BOXABL Overview
BOXABL is on a mission to bring building construction in line with modern manufacturing processes by creating a superior residential and commercial building that can be completed in far less time and cost than traditional construction. Our core vision to achieve this is the “Building Box,” which consists of a building system with room modules (“Boxes”) that ship to site at a low cost and can be stacked and/or connected to build most any shape and style of finished buildings.
The BOXABL vision represents a new take on modular construction, designed to result in sustainable high-quality buildings at lower cost, benefit from mass production practices, address the problems of housing shortages by offering a quick solution, and reduce carbon footprint compared to traditional construction practices. Our patented folding design allows for the largest possible room sizes that can be fit onto standard shipping dimensions, within existing highway, sea and rail transportation configurations, allowing more delivery options and avoiding the cost and complexity of shipping oversized loads. In addition, the assembly of Boxes in a controlled factory setting improves overall safety and quality control as less construction work is needed at the homesite. Ultimately, our vision of modular construction is designed to enable homebuilders to dramatically reduce build time and costs with improved quality.
In January 2020 at the Las Vegas Builder’s show, we formally launched the BOXABL Casita, a 19X19 ft. Box, featuring a full-size kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, and living area, that folds down to 8.5 ft. wide for shipping. In response to strong consumer and developer interest in our Casita, including orders for 156 Casitas from ADS Inc., a supplier to the federal government, we moved quickly to secure and build out our manufacturing facilities.
At our origins, we had initially identified production capacity and manufacturing as the primary constraints to scaling the business. In response, we executed a strategic expansion plan, securing leases for three manufacturing facilities totaling 421,823 square feet and significantly increasing headcount to support the anticipated demand. We leased our first facility (173,720 square feet) (“Factory 1”) in December 2020 and further expanded our manufacturing capacity in 2022 and 2023 through the 2023 lease of an adjacent 114,613 square feet (“Factory 2”) and a 2022 lease of a 132,960 square feet facility (“Factory 3”). We also expanded our manufacturing and administrative teams to support the anticipated demand. However, as the business evolved, it became evident that the sales cycle for our products was inherently prolonged due to regulatory, permitting, sitework and financing requirements, which often extend the time from initial customer engagement to project completion to between six and twelve months. Recognizing this dynamic, our management team has prioritized efforts to streamline the approval process for our products, established a network of preferred dealers/installers, and enhanced market penetration. As part of this strategic realignment, management has formalized our go-to-market strategy, focusing on securing regulatory approvals, and optimizing sales execution. Additionally, the Company has allocated funds toward research and development, leading to the introduction of new products to the market. These innovations are expected to expand the Company’s addressable market, improve customer adoption, and further differentiate our offerings within the industry. These initiatives are intended to accelerate revenue conversion, improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and position the Company for sustainable long-term growth. We also began marketing and selling Casitas, by adding a permanent chassis, as a ‘park model” recreational vehicle (“Park Model RV”) under a self-certification regulatory regime.
Starting in 2023 and continuing into 2025, the Company secured state modular housing approvals in Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico and determined that state approvals were not required in an additional 9 states and tribal lands. To further facilitate the sales process, the Company has established a network of preferred dealers and installers, that we call the BOXABL Directory, who have been trained by us on our product offering and are knowledgeable about the local permitting, sitework and financing environment to coordinate the process of a BOXABL customer’s project journey from initial site visit, quote, permitting, sitework, installation, to closing permits at completion. We currently have 80 dealers/installers (“Dealers/Installer”) in the BOXABL Directory operating in 11 states, primarily states where we have had positive market penetration and we are actively growing this network. As of December 31, 2024, the Company manufactured 696 Casitas and completed delivery of a total of 270 Casitas, including shipments of 156 Casitas to ADS Inc. and 18 Park Model RV Casitas.
We have also seen significant interest in more configurations of Boxes. In response, in January 2025, we launched a prototype of our Phase 2 Modular Building System, comprising Boxes (modules) in varying dimensions that stack and/or connect, allowing a system where customers are able to configure and customize the Boxes to build different building types and floorplans. We are working with a number of land developers and homebuilders to align the development of our Phase 2 product line with market demand, based on their customers’ requirements. We also launched a prototype of our Baby Box, a 120 square foot RV, in January 2025, to attract customers looking for off-grid living and temporary accommodation. As of March 31, 2025, we have received 373 pre-orders and a total of $74,600 in non-refundable pre-order fees for our Baby Boxes. In 2025, we also developed one bedroom and two bedroom Casitas configurations, connecting two Casitas for a 722 sq. ft. home, which is initially being offered for the California ADU market, subject to obtaining state approval. We will continue to evaluate market demand to assess further development of our product offerings.
BOXABL was first organized as a limited liability company in Nevada on December 2, 2017, and reorganized as a Nevada corporation on June 16, 2020. Our core technology was invented by our Chief Executive Officer, Paolo Tiramani, Chief Marketing Officer, Galiano Tiramani, and our Senior Engineer, Kyle Denman. Until June 15, 2023, the technology was owned by Build IP LLC, a Nevada limited liability company, formed as a holding company for the intellectual property (“Build IP”), owned by our CEO, Paolo Tiramani. Under an exclusive licensing agreement, BOXABL paid Build IP a license fee equivalent to 1% of the net selling price generated by the sale of Casitas. On June 15, 2023, BOXABL merged with 500 Group, Inc., a Nevada corporation that is controlled by Paolo Tiramani and parent to Build IP (“500 Group”). As a result of this merger, all of the intellectual property held by Build IP now belongs to BOXABL and the former licensing agreement is now void.
The BOXABL Solution
The BOXABL products represent a new vision on modular construction. It is a factory-assembled room module system that can be quickly deployed, stacked and/or connected on site (the “Boxes”), and allows homebuilders to dramatically reduce build time and costs while increasing quality and features.
Manufacturing a large volume of homes in a factory setting requires a feasible shipping solution, avoiding the need for oversized loads, which require extra permitting, follow cars, police escorts, restricted routes and other problems that increase costs and complexity. Our patented folding design allows for the largest possible room sizes that can be fit onto standard shipping dimensions, within existing highway, sea and rail transportation configurations, allowing more delivery options for the shipment of our Boxes. The assembly of our Boxes in a controlled factory setting improves overall safety and quality as less construction work is needed at the homesite. Once the Boxes arrive at the homesite, they are typically installed by one of the Company’s network of preferred installers, who complete the unfolding and setup work required to finish the home installation. A typical installation of the Casita model Box is completed within one day.
Market Opportunity
We believe the Casita has potential to be a key player in the Accessory Dwelling Unit (“ADU”) market, which according to Verified Market Research (https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/accessory-dwelling-unit-adu-market/) was $3.3 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow to $10.6 billion by 2030. While we believe ADUs are an accessible entry point to the market, BOXABL expects to broaden its market beyond small residential units to address the broader housing market. Our proposed Phase 2 Modular Building System is designed to meet the demand for affordable residential housing. According to Grand View Research (https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/us-modular-construction-market-report), the United States modular construction market was $10.5 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow to $19.2 billion in 2030. According to Research And Markets (https://www.researchandmarkets.com/report/residential-construction), the United States residential construction market was $5.5 trillion in 2024 and is projected to grow to $7.7 trillion by 2030.
We also market our Park Model RV and Baby Box to the RV market, which, according to Mordor Intelligence (https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/recreational-vehicle-market) is estimated at $35.9 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to $53.2 billion by 2030.
We envision that BOXABL products will be able to be used in a wide range of building types - residential, commercial, disaster relief, mid-rise multi-family apartments, military, labor housing and more, further expanding our addressable markets.
Strategy
As our business has developed, our strategy has evolved from our initial focus on product design and our manufacturing / shipping innovation to include encompassing the broader customer sales process from initial customer touchpoint, customer contract, through project completion, in collaboration with our BOXABL Directory, a network of knowledgeable Dealers/Installers. We believe our deepening involvement with our customers throughout the process enables us to build our brand and reputation and also better informs our manufacturing and inventory management strategy.
Our Boxes
The first product BOXABL launched was the Casita, a 19X19 square foot room that folds down to 8’6” wide for shipping and still has sufficient space for factory-installed kitchens, bathrooms and appliances. Each Casita unit is a separate 361 sq ft Box that is pre-wired and pre-plumbed. Our Casitas can be configured for sale as a modular home installed on site in a fixed location, or, by adding a permanent chassis, as a Park Model RV.
The Casita allowed us to establish our brand, scale up our factory, generate production, develop our supply chain, engineer and re-engineer our products based on real application, receive regulatory approvals, implement the BOXABL Directory and onboard investors.
To expand Company’s addressable market, improve customer adoption, and to further differentiate BOXABL from traditional building methods, in January 2025, the Company announced its Phase 2 Modular Building System prototype, with Boxes of varying sizes (20X20 sq. ft, 20X30 sq. ft and 20X40 sq. ft. modules), that are expected to fold down to 20’, 30’ & 40’ lengths and 11’10” width for shipping. The Phase 2 Modular Building System that includes factory-installed kitchens and bathrooms transitions to steel frame leading to cost reduction, improved stacking heights, and we expect a faster approval due to more traditional construction. We expect that, subject to further state approvals and related factory modification, the Boxes in our Phase 2 Modular Building System will be more cost effective, more efficiently stack and/or connect on site, allowing for larger floorplans to be assembled quickly on-site. We envision that our Phase 2 Modular Building System will ultimately be used to create single family dwellings, townhouses, and low-rise apartment homes. Currently, Phase 2 is being introduced to developers only.
Also, during January 2025, the Company launched pre-sales for its Baby Box, a 120 square foot modern design towable RV, including a factory-installed kitchen and bathrooms, and is expected to fold down to 78” wide for transportation. In 2025, we also developed one bedroom and two bedroom Casitas configurations, connecting two Casitas for a 722 sq. ft. home, which is initially being offered for the California ADU market, subject to obtaining state approval.
Innovation
One of the prime drivers of the limitations on construction is the ability to ship finished products to a job site. We realized that innovation in modular construction would not be possible without innovation in shipping. BOXABL’s patented shipping technology allows us to serve large geographic areas from regional BOXABL factories. With our shipping technology, we believe that the location of our flagship factory in North Las Vegas, Nevada will be able to produce products that can be delivered to nearby states, such as California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Our innovations in shipping are only possible because of our unique methods for constructing our building modules. Our “Building Box” system and Box design were created specifically to maximize repeatability in manufacturing and to leverage supply chain. In addition, our reimagined manufacturing process is simplified and efficient, resulting in a sustainable, high quality, fast, and cost-effective solution. This is achieved in part by reducing the individual components in the build compared to traditional building, which requires stacks of lumber and thousands of nails. Significantly fewer components result in significantly less production costs during manufacturing.
Product Features
The BOXABL building system currently offers features that reduce pain points for builders, and compelling benefits for end consumers. The BOXABL Casitas have the following features:
● Resilient Panels: fire resistant, flood resistant, bug resistant, and mold resistant.
● Structural Strength: snow load rated, wind load rated, seismic rated.
● Design and Engineering: sealing gaskets at joints, precut chase network for all utilities in walls/roof/floor enable low-cost retrofit of electrical/sprinkler system/HVAC, reduced components and a streamlined production process.
● Shipping and Installation: Boxes pack down and fold to minimize shipping costs, crane pick points for faster setting, simple field assembly requires less skilled labor, pre-plumbed for on-site hook up and does not require crawl space, ships complete with finishing work, paint, and trim.
● Energy Efficiency: high energy rating and reduced energy bills, smaller sized HVAC, minimal thermal bridging, tight building envelope, high R-values, continuous EPS insulation, high efficiency appliances and LED lights to minimize energy consumption.
● State Approval: Pre-approval of our modular design in certain states and full testing that includes fire/energy/structural tests.
Our Phase 2 Modular Building System Boxes are expected to have most of the above features. In addition, they are expected to have the following additional features:
1. Optional fire-rated assemblies The sheathing on frame construction allows for flexibility on the building envelope. Insulative sheathing can be exchanged for fire rated sheathing with shared walls/ceilings/floors where the additional insulation is not needed, but a fire rated assembly is. Sprinkler system installation is also much more flexible with the Phase 2 construction due to the additional voids/cavities of framed construction versus current generation SIP panels which are closed.
2. Expanded connectivity, enabling construction flexibility, while maintaining a system-based approach to the design for standardized manufacturing. The Phase 2 framing system is a mix of standard framing convention, but on the BOXABL grid architecture system. This allows for enhanced design flexibility while using prescriptive approaches to structural members and load paths. This results in less structural analysis and review with varying designs and connections as the load paths are already prescriptively understood.
3. Optional sprinkler systems integrated into the construction.
Our Baby Boxes are expected to have many of the features of the Casita in a 120 sq ft configuration, other than washer dryer units & permanent cooking appliances. It utilizes countertop appliances instead due to the smaller layout. Also, our Baby Boxes are designed to be subject to rules governing towable RV trailers, rather than modular housing rules, so they have different approval, shipping, and installation requirements compared to the Casita.
Product Pricing
Our cost-effective approach to production and shipping allows us to sell BOXABL Boxes at competitive prices. The retail price for our initial product, the 361 square foot BOXABL Casita, is $60,000, representing about $166/sq. ft, including kitchen, bathroom, and appliances. In addition, our recently developed 722 sq. ft. two Casita configurations (subject to obtaining state approvals) are priced at $100,000 for a one bedroom configuration and $110,000 for a two bedroom configuration, representing about $139/sq. ft. and $152/sq. ft., respectively. These prices do not include shipping, land, permits, or site development, which are the responsibility of the customer. We believe that the BOXABL solution is an attractive option for ADU purchasers, especially when compared to building costs in states like California that can reach as high as $600/sq ft.
Starting in November 2024, customers of our Casita configurations are required to pay a $500 non-refundable order fee to connect them with a Dealer/Installer in their local area who will be responsible for moving their project forward. If a customer had previously paid a Casita reservation deposit (the Company had previously started taking deposits for positions on its waitlist in 2020), we will not charge an order fee if they successfully confirm their project details and intention to move forward with their Casita order. Since introducing the $500 order fee, the Company has received 146 order fees, as well as an additional 24 previous reservation holders who have successfully confirmed their project details and intention to move forward with their Casita order. The order fee is credited towards the customer’s final purchase price.
In addition to the Casita, our recently announced Baby Box, has an MSRP of $30,000 and was launched in January 2025 with an introductory order price of $19,999. Since we began taking pre-orders for the Baby Box, we have received 373 pre-orders, each with a $200 non-refundable pre-order fee. Due to the lack of on-site preparation work, as well as other traditional costs associated with building a home, we anticipate the Baby Box to be an attractive RV living solution at a very affordable price.
Our Phase 2 Modular Building System is initially only being offered in quantities of 50+ units and we expect pricing will be based on negotiations and highly dependent on the specific configurations and other factors.
Sales and Marketing
We received significant consumer interest following the launch of our Casitas as potential customers joined our online waitlist. However, our ability to execute sales of our Casitas experienced various delays due to preparatory steps that need to be taken in order to arrange for the delivery and installation of Casitas to the homesite. For example, the time to obtain the required state modular approvals, the time needed to prepare the site for installation, including site surveys, local permitting, and site preparation work, the qualification process for various financing options available to purchasers to fund their purchase price and cost of site work, as well as the customers’ readiness to move forward with a project. To mitigate the impact of these delays and facilitate the sales process, we have undertaken two significant measures: First, we implemented a training solution to train and certify installers within the states where we conduct business; and second, we then expanded on this effort by building our BOXABL Directory, a growing network of modular home Dealers/Installers across various states, initially focused on where the Company is approved to sell its Casita.
The BOXABL Directory currently consists of the following preferred Dealers/Installers in the following states:
State
Number of Preferred Dealers/Installers
Number of Other Dealers/Installers*
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Kansas
Nevada
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Oregon
Texas
Utah
West Virginia
Washington
Wyoming
TOTAL
83**
*Other Dealers/Installers refer to dealers/installers who have uploaded all of their required documentation and have been approved to be part of our BOXABL Directory, but have not completed an in-person installer training course yet. The BOXABL in-person installer training course is required prior to being able to order their first unit for installation. In addition to the preferred and pending Dealers/Installers listed above, there are currently another 73 potential Dealers/Installers in areas where we can sell who have begun the process of uploading all of their required documents. There are also 57 potential Dealers/Installers in areas where we are able to sell the Casita who have not yet begun the process to upload any of their documents, but signed up to be listed as one of our preferred Dealers/Installers. We cannot assure you that any of these pending or potential Dealers/Installers will ultimately be added to the BOXABL Directory.
**We have 80 unique installer Dealers/Installers approved/trained; three of them provide service in two states, resulting in a total of 83 Dealers/Installers by state.
Most states require various dealer and installer licenses in order to sell and install modular homes and the BOXABL Directory connects potential purchasers with a network of preferred BOXABL dealers to facilitate sales with its end customers, as well as licensed installers knowledgeable about our products. Some of the BOXABL dealers/installers that we have trained hold licenses in multiple states which allows them to support our operations in multiple areas. The BOXABL Directory provides a platform for the Company to expand its sales and installation operations throughout the states where our product can be sold and we expect to leverage and grow our network as our business and product lines grow.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company has approximately 600 customers who are actively working with Dealers/Installers to obtain project estimates, site visits, financing, and other pre-contract items. The Company currently has 42 units that are under contract between its dealers and customers. As installations begin in our approved states, we expect organic marketing visibility and real-life project examples to motivate more and more customers to proceed with their Casita order as a cost effective ADU product.
Our marketing efforts for our products are driven primarily through our social media digital advertising, website waitlist, participation at trade shows (notably the Las Vegas International Builders Show and Tiny Fest), and periodic press releases. We are also in the process of establishing, through a subsidiary, an RV dealership in Nevada through which we would be able to sell our Baby Box. Following the launch of our Phase 2 Modular Building System, which we are initially only making available to potential purchasers of 50+ units, we have been working closely with a number of land developers and home builders who have expressed interest in the product. Sales of our Phase 2 Boxes will only be possible with significant factory modifications and after obtaining any required state and regulatory approvals.
Smart Manufacturing
BOXABL Boxes are not built like traditional homes, as they have been engineered with mass production in mind. This design includes a significant reduction in the number of standard components compared to traditional construction, enabling a more efficient manufacturing process. For example, Casitas are built with laminated panel technology instead of a standard stick frame construction. This means each wall panel that BOXABL manufactures consists of fewer individual components. A comparable traditional wall has many individual components and requires utilization of separate skilled tradespeople to complete (e.g., framing, electric, plumbing, sheetrock, exterior finish, etc.). Many raw materials in the BOXABL Boxes are processed by computer numerical control (CNC) equipment to cut and form materials to a given design, which helps to standardize the manufacturing process. BOXABL has implemented a MES (Manufacturing Execution System) solution to collect traceability data and to support the manufacturing operations.
We manufactured a total of 701 Casitas through March 31, 2025, including 45 Park Model RV Casitas, and we continue to re-align production levels in response to the length of expected sales cycle, including permitting and execution of site works, to avoid excess inventory holding costs.
Our Phase 2 Modular Building System, while adopting some more traditional building materials discussed below, and our Baby Box, are both expected to benefit from the efficiencies in our manufacturing process, including a reduced number of unique components compared to traditional construction, as well as the use of CNC equipment for standardization.
Impairment
During 2024, the Company recorded an impairment loss of deposits on equipment and fixed assets totaling $12.4 million related to assets and customized equipment that had been ordered for the anticipated ramp-up of the Company’s originally planned generation 2.0 Casita. Prompted by a key supplier of equipment failing to fulfill their obligation, the Company recognized an impairment loss for this customized equipment which was never delivered to the Company. The Company initiated legal proceedings against a vendor due to their failure to fulfill contractual obligations. The Company is seeking damages, specific performance, and other remedies as a result of the vendor’s non-performance. The matter is currently pending, and while the ultimate outcome remains uncertain, the Company does not anticipate any additional adverse impacts on its financial condition.
Building Materials
Our laminated wall panel technology used in our Casita replaces standard lumber framing, by including steel exterior skin, expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam, magnesium oxide board, and nonstandard lumber frame. We are able to source these materials from multiple suppliers and are not reliant on any particular vendor. Our Casita product is compatible with automation, CNC, and the factory environment.
In our Phase 2 Modular Building System, initially targeting large orders of 50+ units from developers, governments, or business entities, we expect to use a light gauge steel frame design utilizing a continuous insulated structural exterior sheathing and cavity insulation. Based on our market analysis, we believe using more traditional building materials will be more familiar to contractors and building inspectors.
While the Company is not currently producing Phase 2 units, they are critical for the Company’s product roadmap and for expanding our building construction solutions. The Company expects that approximately 70% (based on dollar value) of Phase 2 will be sourced domestically. Since this supply chain is not yet formally established, and when domestic options are not viable, the Company may expand its product sourcing to foreign countries. In addition, for Phase 2, BOXABL is also exploring vertical integration for producing steel framing. Steel framing is one of the most critical material inputs for Phase 2, and the ability to produce this in-house would improve quality control.
In our Baby Box, the structural panels are expected to use lightweight fiberglass structurally insulated panels, rather than a steel framed system. Our Baby Box Towable RV is expected to be constructed using proprietary structurally insulated panel construction with interior and exterior fiberglass skins. Initially the Baby Box will be manufactured using existing equipment. In parallel we are developing concepts for more automated and higher volume manufacturing.
While the Company is not currently producing Baby Box, the Company expects that approximately 50% (based on dollar value) of Baby Box will be sourced domestically.
Our Manufacturing Facilities
We worked with industry-leading consultants to develop a plan for maximizing production efforts through process efficiency and supply chain considerations. The Boxes and panels move through 15 main assembly stations in the factory, where different sections are completed, similar to the process at an automotive assembly line. Cumulatively we have produced 696 Boxes as of December 31, 2024.
Our manufacturing facilities are comprised of three leased premises in North Las Vegas. We took possession of Factory 1 on May 1, 2021 (after signing the lease on December 29, 2020), on a sixty-five month lease. Factory 1 facility features 173,720 square feet of floor space, and was our first production facility producing Casita Boxes. On June 13, 2022, we entered into a seventy-three-month lease for 132,960 square feet of additional floor space in Factory 3 that enabled production efficiencies. For example, Factory 3 supports Factory 1 with warehousing. On May 2, 2023 we amended the Factory 1 lease agreement, expanding the leased space for purposes of establishing Factory 2. The term of the lease agreement for Factory 2 is forty-eight months, adding 114,613 square feet of floor space to the leased premises.
For details see “Item 2. Properties.”
We have allocated funds from our capital-raising activities for research and development expenditure relating to the planning for expansion into additional production facilities that will enable us to increase capacity and reach more customers in other geographic areas more efficiently. BOXABL is currently evaluating available sites in central regions of the United States for expansion. The progression of any such expansion would be based on demand for our products and other market conditions.
Inventory
We manufactured 140 Casitas during 2024, as compared to 260 Casitas during 2023 as we better aligned production levels with sales, to avoid excess inventory holding costs. Inventory was elevated in 2023 due to delays in delivery to Arizona caused by issues that needed to be addressed pursuant to the Arizona Department of Housing, which were resolved in December 2023. See below, Item 3. Legal Proceedings - Arizona Department of Housing Settlement. In the meantime, the Company targeted sales to customers in states where there was no state modular program as well as sales of Park Model RV Casitas. Nevertheless, these new sales activities faced significant delays due to the time needed to prepare sites for the installation of the Casitas, arranging funding for the project costs by the purchaser, and other preparatory steps that need to be taken in order to fulfill the delivery and installation of these units. As a result, our management team undertook a strategic realignment, including better aligning manufacturing activity with the timing of sales and deliveries.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 397 Casitas classified as Finished Goods Inventory (in addition to 15 Casitas classified as Fixed Assets). The Fixed Asset units are used as demonstration units at tradeshows as well as at our manufacturing facilities.
During 2024, BOXABL began deliveries of Casitas to the initial customers on its waitlist. In 2024, BOXABL also focused heavily on talent acquisition to assist with overall sales and growth operations. BOXABL’s business development organization, which is comprised of the sales, marketing, social media, customer service, government relations, and investor relations departments has expanded significantly and is currently comprised of 14 head count, which contribute to drive the Company’s sales growth.
Regulation
Our Boxes generally fall under different certification requirements depending on their intended use. The Company’s Casita can be configured for sale in various ways, including Park Model RV and/or Modular Home. The Company has obtained Modular Manufacturer Licensure and Certification for its studio Casita configuration in several States, including Nevada, California, New Mexico, and Arizona. The modular home units are classified as residential construction, referred to as “Modular” or “Factory-Built” units, depending on the definitions established in the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). In 2025, BOXABL Casitas were approved as a Modular home under the Residential Building Code by the Manufactured Housing Division.
Most states require the approval of a third-party testing and inspection company, for modular homes, to conduct product testing and factory inspections on behalf of the AHJ. There are several independent third-party inspection Agencies who provide such service, including ICC-NTA, Twining Consulting (dba RADCO), PFS-TECO, NOAH, & MA Consulting & Engineering (MACE, LLC), to test and inspect our Casitas for compliance in the applicable jurisdictions.
Some states like Alaska, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming, Hawaii, Kansas, Oregon, West Virginia, and Vermont, do not have state modular housing programs. In those states, our products may be deployed by obtaining a permit from the local building departments. This process has been validated for BOXABL Casitas used in several projects located in Utah and Oklahoma.
The Company is also able to sell its Casitas in all states, by adding a permanent trailer/chassis, as a Park Model RV (PMRV) based on self-certification to the Recreational Vehicle Association (“RVIA”) under the ANSI A119.5 code in the majority of US states. BOXABL maintains membership in the RVIA which governs the ANSI A119.5 PMRV requirements.
Buyers/Builders are required to obtain local building permits, as well as those necessary for tying into local water and electric services. The permitting and scope of work required will be dependent upon the intended use. PMRV units fall under a different classification than Modular units and a regulated by different regulation and enforcement agencies.
In May 2023 we received a product listing from ICC-ES which indicates our Structurally Insulated Panels (SIP) used in our Casitas meet the international building codes, for use in residential construction. This report can be found: https://icc-es.org/report-listing/ESR-4725/. BOXABL is the sole consumer of the Listed SIP, though it can be sold to others as a listed building product, used in residential construction.
For our Phase 2 Modular Building System, we are currently assessing the regulatory environment in states both with and without modular building programs, including assessing the need for independent third-party inspection agencies on behalf of relevant AHJs. We plan to begin the application process for our Phase 2 Boxes following a substantial order, in the related state. We also intend to apply for state approval, initially in California, for our two Casita configurations. With BOXABL certified in a number of states for the studio Casita configuration, we believe that it will be easier to obtain certification in other states for the studio Casita as well as for our Phase 2 Boxes and two Casita configurations.
For our Baby Boxes, we are currently assessing the regulatory environment and believe that we will be able to sell our Baby Boxes through authorized dealerships in many states under the rules governing towable RV trailers, starting in our home state of Nevada, and expect to leverage our own Nevada dealership, once licensed.
Recent adoption of “Tiny Home” and ‘Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU)’ regulations opens additional markets for BOXABL’s products. These regulations are still in their infancy and vary drastically from one jurisdiction to another. Under “Tiny House” rules, a unit built to Modular, PMRV, HUD, or NOAH standards may qualify for installation. BOXABL is actively engaged in developing these regulations and standards to increase safety and quality of units produced, while bringing uniformity to the emerging industry.
Core Technology
The core technology covering the structural components of the Boxes and the folding system enabling transportation advantages used by the Company was developed by the Company’s CEO, Paolo Tiramani, Chief Marketing Officer, Galiano Tiramani, and the Company’s Senior Engineer, but the IP is fully owned by the Company.
BOXABL has applied for and received patents for the structure and transportation of the BOXABL building system, covering important aspects of its commercial designs, and the foreseeable alternatives. The scope of protection generally extends beyond the design of the building structures and includes delivery, assembly, equipment, and techniques. Our patented technology allows us to create modular, prefabricated homes that are designed to fold up for transport which significantly decreases the cost of shipping & the complexity of installation.
Structure Patents (1)
Transport Patents
Factory Patents
Country
Title
Status
Application Number
Patent Number
Issue Date
US
Equipment and Methods for Erecting a Transportable Foldable Building Structure
Granted
16/786315
11-Jan-2022
WO
Equipment and Methods for Erecting a Transportable Foldable Building Structure
Completed
PCT/US2020/017528
US
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT FABRICATION FACILITY
Published
17/552108
WO
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT FABRICATION FACILITY
Completed
PCT/US2021/063581
CA
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT FABRICATION FACILITY
Published
EP
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT FABRICATION FACILITY
Published
21920067.2
WO
UNI-TOOL FOR FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE STRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT
Published
PCT/US2023/022727
US
UNI-TOOL FOR FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE STRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT
Published
18/199141
WO
PLANAR COMPONENT ASSEMBLY LINE
Pending
PCT/US2023/035777
US
PLANAR COMPONENT ASSEMBLY LINE
Pending
18/383123
Furniture Patents
Country
Title
Status
Application Number
Patent Number
Issue Date
WO
COUCH
Published
PCT/US2023/026443
US
QUICK-ASSEMBLY STORAGE BED
Pending
18/231310
WO
QUICK-ASSEMBLY STORAGE BED
Pending
PCT/US2023/029689
US
COUCH
Pending
18/343241
Structural Patents
Country
Title
Status
Application Number
Patent Number
Issue Date
US
MODULAR PREFABRICATED HOUSE
Granted
10/653,523
8,474,194
02-Jul-2013
US
Container
Granted
15/241,446
10,196,173
05-Feb-2019
US
Customizable Transportable Structures & Components Therefor
Granted
16/143,598
10,688,906
23-Jun-2020
WO
Customizable Transportable Structures & Components Therefor
Completed
PCT/US2018/053006
US
Container
Granted
16/220,629
10,961,016
30-Mar-2021
US
Customizable Transportable Structures and Components Therefor
Granted
16/804,473
10,829,029
10-Nov-2020
EP
CUSTOMIZABLE TRANSPORTABLE STRUCTURES & COMPONENTS THEREFOR
Published
18864413.2
US
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PERIMETER STRUCTURES
Granted
16/786202
24-Jan-2023
US
Foldable Building Structures with Utility Channels and Laminate Enclosures
Granted
16/786,130
11,118,344
14-Sep-2021
CA
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
CA
Enclosure Component Perimeter Structures
Published
WO
Foldable Building Structures with Utility Channels and Laminate Enclosures
Completed
PCT/US2020/017524
WO
Enclosure Component Perimeter Structures
Completed
PCT/US2020/017527
US
Customizable Transportable Structures & Components Therefor
Granted
15/931,768
10,926,689
23-Feb-2021
US
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Granted
17/245187
28-Feb-2023
CN
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
202080014606.4
CN
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PERIMETER STRUCTURES
Allowed
202080014607.9
EP
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
20755992.3
EP
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PERIMETER STRUCTURES
Published
20755993.1
MX
Foldable Building Structures with Utility Channels and Laminate Enclosures
Published
MX/a/2021/009720
JP
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
2021-547830
JP
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PERIMETER STRUCTURES
Published
2021-547829
US
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PERIMETER STRUCTURES
Granted
17/592990
31-Jan-2023
US
FOLDABLE ENCLOSURE MEMBERS JOINED BY HINGED I-BEAM
Granted
17/592984
14-Feb-2023
US
FOLDABLE ENCLOSURE MEMBERS JOINED BY HINGED PERIMETER SECTIONS
Granted
17/592986
13-Dec-2022
US
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PERIMETER STRUCTURES
Granted
17/592988
31-Jan-2023
US
STACKABLE FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Granted
17/675646
29-Aug-2023
US
LIFTABLE FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Granted
17/675653
08-Aug-2023
US
WALL COMPONENT APPURTENANCES
Published
17/587051
US
FOLDING ROOF COMPONENT
Published
17/569962
US
Enclosure Component Panel Sections
Published
17/539,706
US
FOLDING BEAM SYSTEMS
Published
17/527520
US
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT EDGE SEAL SYSTEMS
Published
17/513176
US
Enclosure Component Compression Seal Systems
Published
17/513,207
US
Enclosure Component Shear Seal Systems
Published
17/513,266
US
Sheet/Panel Design for Enclosure Component Manufacture
Published
17/504883
WO
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PANEL SECTIONS
Completed
PCT/US2021/061343
WO
FOLDING BEAM SYSTEMS
Completed
PCT/US2021/059440
WO
SHEET/PANEL DESIGN FOR ENCLOSURE COMPONENT MANUFACTURE
Completed
PCT/US2021/058912
WO
Enclosure Component Sealing Systems
Completed
PCT/US2021/056415
CA
SHEET/PANEL DESIGN FOR ENCLOSURE COMPONENT MANUFACTURE
Published
CA
FOLDING BEAM SYSTEMS
Published
CA
IMPROVED FOLDING ROOF COMPONENT
Published
CA
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PANEL SECTIONS
Published
WO
IMPROVED FOLDING ROOF COMPONENT
Published
PCT/US2022/011415
WO
FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Completed
PCT/US2022/016999
CA
FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Published
CN
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
202211067336.0
US
PERIMETER STRUCTURES FOR JOINING ABUTTING ENCLOSURE COMPONENTS
Published
17/971230
US
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Granted
18/071902
21-Nov-2023
US
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
18/071905
CN
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PERIMETER STRUCTURES
Published
202211434625.X
EP
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT SEALING SYSTEMS
Published
21920047.4
CN
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
202310349987.7
CN
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Published
202310349974.X
EP
IMPROVED FOLDING ROOF COMPONENT
Published
22739884.9
EP
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT PANEL SECTIONS
Published
21920060.7
EP
FOLDING BEAM SYSTEMS
Published
21920055.7
EP
SHEET/PANEL DESIGN FOR ENCLOSURE COMPONENT MANUFACTURE
Published
21920053.2
US
FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Published
18/231319
WO
UNIVERSAL PANEL
Published
PCT/US2023/027363
US
UNIVERSAL PANEL
Published
18/220333
SA
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Allowed
CA
CUSTOMIZABLE TRANSPORTABLE STRUCTURES & COMPONENTS THEREFOR
Granted
13-Jul-2021
SA
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Pending
US
VACUUM INSULATED ENCLOSURE COMPONENTS
Pending
63/440797
AU
WALL COMPONENT APPURTENANCES
Pending
EP
WALL COMPONENT APPURTENANCES
Pending
22796310.5
EP
FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Pending
22796315.4
AU
FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Pending
JP
FOLDABLE TRANSPORTABLE BUILDINGS
Pending
2023-566904
WO
SUBASSEMBLY FOR ENCLOSURE COMPONENT MANUFACTURE
Pending
PCT/US2023/030033
US
SUBASSEMBLY FOR ENCLOSURE COMPONENT MANUFACTURE
Pending
18/232884
CA
ENCLOSURE COMPONENT SEALING SYSTEMS
Pending
SA
FOLDABLE BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH UTILITY CHANNELS AND LAMINATE ENCLOSURES
Pending
AU
Foldable Building Structures with Utility Channels and Laminate Enclosures
Pending
Transportation Patents
Country
Title
Status
Application Number
Patent Number
Issue Date
US
VEHICLE SYSTEM
Granted
14/601,348
10,661,835
26-May-2020
WO
CONTAINER WITH TAPERED EDGES
Completed
PCT/US2016/047717
US
Wheeled Assembly for Item Transport
Granted
16/143,628
11,007,921
18-May-2021
WO
Wheeled Assembly for Item Transport
Completed
PCT/US2018/053015
US
Invertible Reversible Multi-Application Gearbox
Granted
16/168,957
11,193,574
07-Dec-2021
US
Gearbox Mounting System
Granted
16/168,978
10,823,273
03-Nov-2020
US
Customizable Engine Air Intake/Exhaust Systems
Granted
16/168,984
10,760,538
01-Sep-2020
US
Dual-Angle Exhaust Manifold
Granted
16/168,971
10,858,989
08-Dec-2020
US
Turbocharger Exhaust Manifold with Turbine Bypass Outlet
Granted
16/168,999
10,570,813
25-Feb-2020
WO
Invertible Reversible Multi-Application Gearbox
Completed
PCT/US2018/057216
WO
Dual-Angle Exhaust Manifold
Completed
PCT/US2018/057218
WO
Gearbox Mounting System
Completed
PCT/US2018/057222
WO
Customizable Engine Air Intake/Exhaust Systems
Completed
PCT/US2018/057228
WO
Turbocharger Exhaust Manifold with Turbine Bypass Outlet
Completed
PCT/US2018/057233
CA
INVERTIBLE REVERSIBLE MULTI-APPLICATION GEARBOX
Published
CA
Dual-Angle Exhaust Manifold
Published
CA
Customizable Engine Air Intake/Exhaust Systems
Published
CA
Turbocharger Exhaust Manifold with Turbine Bypass Outlet
Published
US
Intake Air Systems and Components
Granted
16/446,355
11,136,950
05-Oct-2021
WO
Intake Air Systems and Components
Completed
PCT/US2019/038026
CA
Intake Air Systems and Components
Published
3,107,912
US
Chassis Anchoring Systems
Granted
16/579,554
05-Apr-2022
US
INLINE GEARBOX WITH FAST CHANGE GEARING
Granted
16/670688
19-Jul-2022
US
Wheel Alignment Mechanism
Granted
16/579,571
10,940,731
09-Mar-2021
US
Vehicle Suspension
Granted
16/579,524
11,034,204
15-Jun-2021
CA
VEHICLE SUSPENSION
Published
CA
CHASSIS ANCHORING SYSTEMS
Published
CA
WHEEL ALIGNMENT MECHANISM
Published
WO
Vehicle Suspension
Completed
PCT/US2019/052475
WO
Chassis Anchoring Systems
Completed
PCT/US2019/052479
WO
Wheel Alignment Mechanism
Completed
PCT/US2019/052485
US
Impact Attenuation Structure
Granted
16/589,308
11,167,706
09-Nov-2021
WO
Impact Attenuation Structure
Completed
PCT/US2019/053946
CA
IMPACT ATTENUATION STRUCTURE
Published
WO
Inline Gearbox with Fast Change Gearing
Completed
PCT/US2019/059211
EP
WHEELED ASSEMBLY FOR ITEM TRANSPORT
Granted
18863822.5
10-Jan-2024
GB
INVERTIBLE REVERSIBLE MULTI-APPLICATION GEARBOX
Granted
2009417.3
24-Aug-2022
US
INLINE GEARBOX WITH FAST CHANGE GEARING
Granted
17/847866
27-Dec-2022
WO
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Published
PCT/US2023/014770
US
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Published
18/118770
CA
WHEELED ASSEMBLY FOR ITEM TRANSPORT
Granted
02-Nov-2021
Explanatory Endnotes
1. All listed patents and patent applications were previously owned by Build IP LLC (a Nevada LLC) and licensed to BOXABL INC. (a Nevada Corp.), except for U.S. provisional patent application nos. 63/324,940, 63/335,880, 63/344,116, 63/356,771, 63/388,366, 63/395,936 and 63/399,389. The assignee of record of U.S. provisional patent application no. 63/344,116 is BOXABL INC. In June 2023, BOXABL acquired all patents and patent applications owned by Build IP when it merged with Build IP’s parent company, 500 Group Inc. For details see Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.
2. Expired U.S. provisional patent applications are not listed.
3. The status of PCT applications having a priority date within 31 months of the date of this table are listed as “pending.” PCT applications having a priority date more than 31 months from the date of this table are listed with no status provided (e.g., “-”).
4. Jurisdictions (patent offices) are abbreviated as follows: Australia - AU, Canada - CA, China - CN, European Union - EU, Japan - JP, Mexico - MX, South Africa - SA, United States - US, and Patent Cooperation Treaty - PCT.
Trademarks
BOXABL has acquired the BOXABL trademark through its merger with 500 Group as described above. The BOXABL trademark is registered in the United States, the European Union, and in certain other countries around the world. BOXABL aggressively enforces its rights in the BOXABL trademark whenever third-party uses of similar names are encountered.
Customers
We expect to continue generating sales volume from potential B2B, B2C, and B2G customers once we have obtained required state certifications for additional states and are able to build at our desired production levels. As of December 31, 2024, we have delivered 270 Casitas in total, 156 of which were sold through our B2G channel and 114 of which were sold to B2B customers.
In December 2020, the Company received two purchase orders from ADS, Inc., to deliver 156 Casitas to a supplier for the federal government, recognizing revenue of $9.2 million, which were all delivered by the end of 2022. In addition, during 2022, the Company delivered 51 Casitas to a customer in Arizona recognizing revenue of $3.1 million in 2022. These purchase orders and related agreements are included as Exhibit 10.2 to this Annual Report. During 2022, the Company also delivered 10 Casitas to other customers in Utah, Virginia, California, Texas, and Cuba. These initial orders allowed the Company to continue the development of its manufacturing procedures, to validate our business concept, including a cost-effective shipping solution applicable to remote areas, and obtain user feedback which was used to further develop the Casita product.
During 2023, the company focused on obtaining modular home permitting, processing its applications in Arizona, California, Nevada and New Mexico. During 2023, we received purchase orders for a total of two Casitas from two customers and delivered 2 Casita Boxes to two customers, Michael Fortune and FabMac Homes. During 2024 and early 2025, we obtained state modular approvals from the aforementioned states and continued to explore the potential approval in other states following our demand. In 2024, we started the approval process in Texas. Also, in 2024 the company focused on developing its Phase 2 Modular Building System, which was announced in January 2025.
Early in 2025, we started the permitting process in South Carolina following a sizable order of 30 units intended for that state.
During 2024, we delivered a total of 51 Casitas to 8 Customers: 24 Casitas to Punnet Construction; 6 Casitas to Arizona Treasures LLC; 13 Casitas to American Campground LLC; and 8 Casitas to other customers.
Competition
Our competition can be broken into the following categories:
● Stick built: Traditional home building method, which accounts for the majority of the market. Raw materials are brought to site and built by hand into finished buildings. This market is made up of many small builders. We think this group represents our likely customer base, as we provide them with a better and faster solution that is competitive in cost.
● Manufactured: Manufactured homes are standardized homes built in a factory and shipped to site. These homes are generally built to a lower baseline standard of construction and attempt to come in at the lowest cost possible. The defining factor with this product is that they are generally deemed personal property and not real property. Only a few large companies dominate this category. We don’t believe that our product will compete with manufactured homes in the short term, however we believe that if in the future we continue to decrease our product cost following the fundamentals of advanced manufacturing, as did it in the past, the manufactured homes customers will benefit from a reduced cost solution that is superior compared with regular manufactured homes.
● Modular: Modular homes are factory-built homes required to be built to the same or higher building code standards of stick-built homes. These homes are generally more customizable than a manufactured home and have various use cases (including Accessory Dwelling Units - ADUs). Different than most of our competitors, our solution combines the advantage of standard products that can be produced at mass level getting the benefits of cost reduction with the customization at the home-site with siding, roof, and more. Also our shipping solution is a competitive advantage compared with competition.
● Panelized systems: Wall panels with different levels of finish are built in a factory and then assembled onsite, usually by those doing stick-built construction. We consider panels a partial solution that still require significant on-site work (for example plumbing, electricity, etc.). Accordingly, compared with our integrated solution, it is slower.
● RVs: vehicles or towable trailers that include living quarters with different levels of finish are built in a factory and then delivered to customers as a finished product. Compared with our Baby Box, the typical RV product looks like a trailer, not like home.
Employees
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 72 direct hourly employees, 58 indirect salaried employees, 31 indirect hourly employees, and 6 field indirect hourly employees. These numbers fluctuated as we reduced Casita production levels and restructured the team at our facilities. As of March 31, 2025, our facilities have approximately 119 employees (down from 167 employees at December 31, 2024) due to workforce reductions that took place in January 2025 in line with the Company’s initiatives to align production with product deliveries. BOXABL provides employees a share incentive plan to be awarded at the discretion of the Board of Directors (the “Board”). For details, see Item 11. Executive Compensation - Equity Incentive Plan.
The Company made several pivotal hirings in 2023 and 2024. These changes were made with the intention of upskilling the team. The most notable addition was the October 2023 hiring of Chief Financial Officer, Martin Costas, who started his career in public accounting with PwC, where he contributed to more than 100 audits, consulting and advisory engagements including capital markets engagements; and comes to BOXABL with vast CFO experience leading the finance function in companies such as Honeywell, SLB (former Schlumberger), Sysco and Nexans. During his career, Martin worked with companies in their early maturity stages and contributed to their development, including complex IPO and M&A processes. See Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
In addition, the Company has made key hires across several departments. The sales team was strengthened with a business development lead and managers, while the engineering department was expanded with design and manufacturing engineers. The compliance team grew with a building code inspector and permits & licensing manager, and the quality assurance (“QA”) team added a QA engineer and inspectors. The government relations team was created with the addition of a new assistant and lead. The Company also strengthened its finance team with the hirings of a seasoned corporate controller, staff accountant, senior accountant, and MIS analyst, along with experienced operations managers. Supporting roles were added across manufacturing and office functions.
Systems
The Company has invested significant resources into modernizing its tech stack, including market-leading systems that improve operational efficiency in areas such as: accounting, spend management, inventory control, sales, customer relations, investor relations, and human resources. The investment into these systems aims to generate enterprise-wide transparency and support the Company’s internal controls.

---

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Rule 421(d) of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.421(d) of this chapter). Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.

---

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

---

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
Our principal office and our initial manufacturing facility are located at: 5345 East North Belt Road, North Las Vegas, Nevada, which also serves as our mailing address. We also have manufacturing facilities at 5445 East North Belt Road, North Las Vegas, Nevada and 5553 N. Belt Road, North Las Vegas, Nevada. Leasing information for these properties is described below.
Initial Manufacturing Facility (Factory 1)
On December 29, 2020, we entered into a lease for industrial space which we made into our initial manufacturing facility. We took possession on May 1, 2021 on a sixty-five-month lease. The address of the facility is 5345 E Centennial Pkwy, Building 1, North Las Vegas, NV 89115.
Material Lease Terms
Premises: Building 1 located at 5345 East North Belt Road, North Las Vegas, NV 89115
Square Feet: 173,720 rentable square feet
Commencement Date: May 1, 2021
Term: months commencing on May 1, 2021 and ending August 31, 2026; the Company’s first five months of rent were abated by the landlord. The Company began making monthly rent payments on October 1, 2021.
Security Deposit: $525,000
Additional Security Deposit related to Building Improvements $258,450
Lease Months
Monthly Base Rent
- 12
$ 87,996
- 24
$ 90,636
- 36
$ 93,355
- 48
$ 96,156
- 60
$ 99,041
- 65
$ 102,012
Triple Net Lease: All costs, expenses, and obligations relating to the facility during the term of the lease, including operating expenses, repairs, insurance, and taxes, are the responsibility of BOXABL.
Second Manufacturing Facility (Factory 3)
On June 13, 2022, we entered into a lease for additional industrial space which will support and enhance our operations at our initial manufacturing facility. We took possession on February 1, 2023, which is when the property had been made ready under the terms of the lease. The address of the facility is 5553 N. Belt Road, North Las Vegas, NV.
Material Lease Terms
Address: N. Belt Road, North Las Vegas, NV 89115
Square Feet: 132,960 rentable square feet
Commencement Date: January 27, 2023
Term: months commencing on after completion of the Landlord’s Work.
Security Deposit: $611,616
Lease Months
Monthly Base Rent
- 12
$ 103,709
- 24
$ 107,857
- 36
$ 112,171
- 48
$ 116,658
- 60
$ 121,325
- 72
$ 126,178
73+
$ 131,225
Triple Net Lease: All costs, expenses, and obligations relating to the facility during the term of the lease, including operating expenses, repairs, insurance, and taxes, are the responsibility of BOXABL.
Third Manufacturing Facility (Factory 2)
On May 2, 2023, we amended the lease agreement for the initial manufacturing facility to add space to be used as our third manufacturing facility for a term of forty-eight months. We took occupancy of the facility on June 1, 2023. The address of the warehouse is 5445 East North Belt Road, North Las Vegas, NV 89115.
Material Lease Terms
Premises: Building 3 located at 5445 East North Belt Road, North Las Vegas, NV 89115
Square Feet: 114,613 rentable square feet
Commencement Date: June 1, 2023
Term: months commencing on June 1, 2023 and ending May 31, 2027. The Company began making monthly rent payments on June 1, 2023.
Security Deposit: $0
Letter of Credit $3,714,190
Lease Months
Monthly Base Rent
- 12
$ 115,759
- 24
$ 120,390
- 36
$ 125,205
- 48
$ 130,213
Triple Net Lease: All costs, expenses, and obligations relating to the facility during the term of the lease, including operating expenses, repairs, insurance, and taxes, are the responsibility of BOXABL.

---

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
The Company is party to various legal proceedings and claims from time to time. A liability will be accrued when a loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated. Management believes that the probability of a material loss is remote. However, litigation is inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate disposition of these proceedings.
Employment Matters
On or about June 13, 2023, the Company filed two lawsuits against former employees alleging claims including breach of contract, violations of the Computer Fraud & Abuse Act, violations of the Defend Trade Secrets Act, conversion, unjust enrichment, breach of covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and demand for temporary and permanent injunctive relief. These litigation matters remain pending. Management does not anticipate these matters will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
On or about March 2023, the Company discovered through one of its compliance programs that a former employee had issued fraudulent securities. An internal investigation was commenced and the matter was reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Shortly thereafter, the Company filed a lawsuit against this former employee for breach of contract, violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, violations of the Defend Trade Secrets Act, Conversion, Unjust Enrichment, Breach of the Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing and for a temporary and permanent injunction. The Company obtained a default judgment in its favor for a sum less than $1 million. The Company has information that certain of these investors intend to assert claims against the Company for their losses. The Company denies liability for these claims and it is not possible at this time to calculate the Company’s potential exposure for these claims.
The Company initiated legal action against former employees who violated their agreements post-termination. Quantifying the resulting harm is complex and ongoing. The Company anticipates that judgment will be entered in its favor for a sum less than $250,000.
On September 2, 2022, BOXABL received notice of a charge of employment discrimination had been filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) against BOXABL under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). The circumstances of the alleged discrimination are alleged to have occurred on or about May 1, 2022. On October 3, 2022, BOXABL (through counsel) filed a position statement refuting the allegations and providing supporting documentation of BOXABL’s position. The matter is pending before the EEOC. Management does not anticipate this matter will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
On or about September 25, 2023, BOXABL received notice of a charge of unfair labor practices had been filed with the National Labor Relations Board against BOXABL under Section 7 of the NLRA. The circumstances of the alleged charge are alleged to have occurred between March 2023 and September 2023. On or about October 12, 2023, BOXABL (through counsel) filed a position statement refuting the allegations and providing supporting documentation of BOXABL’s position. The matter is pending before the NLRB. Management does not anticipate this matter will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
On May 7, 2024, BOXABL received notification that a former employee filed a charge of employment discrimination against BOXABL with the EEOC under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). The alleged discrimination involves claims of race-based discrimination, retaliation, and harassment. On the same day, BOXABL engaged external legal counsel to submit a Position Statement, contesting these allegations and providing supporting documentation. The matter is currently under review by the EEOC and has not progressed to a formal court case. Management does not anticipate this matter will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
Other Litigation
The Company has received claims from various parties alleging that it violated certain California laws, including the Trap and Trace Law and California Privacy Laws relating to its Facebook postings. The Company does not expect a material impact to its financial position.
On November 19, 2021, a former employee, who served as Chief Operating Officer during the seven-month period from March 2021 until September 27, 2021, at which time he was terminated, filed a complaint against the Company and its directors in the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada, claiming breach of contract and wrongful termination. During March 2025, the Company settled this matter without a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
On January 23, 2023, the Office of Administration of the Arizona Dept. of Housing brought an administrative complaint against BOXABL, alleging that BOXABL did not comply with certain requirements prior to shipping housing units into Arizona, and seeking penalties up to suspension or revocation of its license, an administrative penalty, or probation. On February 9, 2023, BOXABL filed its verified Answer, explaining inter alia that BOXABL had acted in good faith and in accordance with its reasonable interpretation of the Department’s instructions regarding the shipments into Arizona, and that shipments were only made after requesting and obtaining the Department’s written consent and authorization in November 2022. This administrative complaint was resolved by settlement agreement on April 21, 2023. BOXABL paid an administrative penalty to Arizona Dept. of Housing in the amount of $48,000 on April 26, 2023, and had satisfied all of its obligations to the Arizona Department of Housing under the settlement agreement.
In a settlement dated May 30, 2023, regarding the costs of the reconstruction of the Casitas in Arizona, Freeport, the purchaser in the Pronghorn transaction, has assumed responsibility to pay reconstruction costs, but the Company will be responsible for 10% of any costs in excess of $1 million. The Company will also incur 50% of shipping costs in the event the contract is canceled and the Casitas removed. The Company accrued a $570,000 warranty for such costs and any costs related to the 10-year limited warranty offering to Pronghorn, which is recorded as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
On June 13, 2023, the Company filed a lawsuit against a person, not affiliated with the Company, alleging claims based on business disparagement and defamation of the Company. On August 5, 2024, the court entered a default judgment in favor of the Company, awarding $50,000 in damages. A judgment lien has been placed on property owned by the defendant and the Company is in the process of filing a foreclosure action against the property.
On or about October 5, 2023, Leader Capital High Quality Income Fund, a series of Leader Funds Trust, a Delaware statutory trust, commenced an action against BOXABL and other defendants in the District Court for Nevada asserting claims for breach of duty to register a transfer of a security (NRS 104.8401), Conversion, Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage. Plaintiff claims that it requested the removal of a restrictive legend to shares held by Plaintiff and that BOXABL refused and/or delayed approval of the removal and caused Plaintiff to suffer damages. The Company has agreed to provide a defense to Transfer Online Inc., its former transfer agent, and we have been engaged in defending the lawsuit. The discovery has commenced in the litigation and the Company intends to file a dispositive motion at the appropriate time. BOXABL denies the merit of the allegations and damages sought and will continue to defend against them. Management estimates a loss range of $1 to $3.7 million from this matter and believes that the Company has a reasonably good probability of success on summary judgment and a reasonably good probability of success at trial.
On February 2, 2024, Pronghorn Homes, LLC, a party to the Arizona mining project, filed a lawsuit against the Company in the State of Arizona, which has a potential loss exposure of up to $295,000. The Company denies liability and intends to defend against this claim. Management does not anticipate the matter will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
On April 30, 2024, the Company filed a lawsuit against Brave Control Solutions, Inc. (“Brave”), and its CEO, Brent McPhail. The lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The lawsuit related to the Company’s claim of breach of contract by Brave related to the design, manufacture, and programming of specialized equipment to be used by the Company. Management does not believe this litigation will have a material effect on the Company’s operations. Although recovery of these assets is uncertain, the Company intends to seek full redress available to it.
On July 3, 2024, Ro-Matt International Inc. and Electra-Tech Manufacturing Inc. (“Applicants”) filed a lawsuit against Brave Control Solutions, Inc., BOXABL Inc., and Royal Bank of Canada in Ontario, Canada, in the Superior Court of Justice. The Applicants seek an Order for binding directions on the costs associated with the storage and removal of the Assembly Line Equipment, the sale process, and the distribution of sale proceeds among competing parties. This case was dismissed, without any damages being asserted against the Company.
On November 19, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with a RV Park for the sale of certain PMRV units. It appears that the RV Park did not obtain required zoning and land use permits to install and use the units at their site in Arizona. The State of Arizona ‘red tagged’ the units and the RV Park asserted claims against the Company, demanding that the Company immediately remove the units. The Company has denied all liability and is negotiating a resolution of the dispute with the RV Park. Management does not anticipate the matter will have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
We know of no other existing or pending legal proceedings against us, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any other proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, officers or any of their respective affiliates, or any beneficial stockholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
There is no established public trading market for the Company’s Common Stock.
Holders
As of March 31, 2025, there were 3,000,000,000 shares of Common Stock, which were held by approximately 4,592 shareholders of record. In addition, there were 194,422,511 shares of our Non-Voting Series A Preferred Stock outstanding, which shares were held by 1,061 shareholders of record, there were 850,604,647 shares of our Non-Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock outstanding, which shares were held by 4,061 shareholders of record, there were 174,162,563 shares of our Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock outstanding, which shares were held by 33,647 shareholders of record, and there were 32,448,527 shares of our Non-Voting Series A-3 Preferred Stock outstanding, which shares were held by 5,472 shareholders of record.
Dividends
The Company has never paid cash dividends on any of its capital stock and currently intends to reinvest its future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. The Company does not intend to pay cash dividends to holders of its Common Stock for the foreseeable future.
Equity Compensation Plans
The information in the table below was prepared as of fiscal year end December 31, 2024.
Plan category
Number of
securities
to be issued
upon
exercise of
outstanding
options,
warrants
and rights
Weighted-
average
exercise
price of
outstanding
options,
warrants
and rights
Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future issuance
under equity
compensation
plans (excluding
securities
reflected in
column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
242,340,140
$ 0.61
307,659,860
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
$ -
-
Total
242,340,140
$ 0.61
307,659,860
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities and Use of Proceeds
Since December 31, 2021, the Company has engaged in the following offerings of securities. The proceeds raised in each of these offerings were used to fund the development of the Company’s manufacturing facilities, working capital and compensation of executive officers and employees.
● Beginning November 17, 2020 and through April 1, 2022, the Company sold Convertible Promissory Notes to accredited investors, which converted into 781,541,283 shares of Non-Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock on April 1, 2022, under Rule 506(c) of Regulation D for a total of $44.9 million in gross proceeds.
● On March 31, 2022, the Company commenced a Regulation A offering in which it sold Non-Voting Series A Preferred Stock, Non-Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock and the underlying shares of Common Stock into which they convert. The Regulation A offering also included selling securityholders selling Common Stock. The offering terminated on January 12, 2023, by which time the Company had sold 5,913,600 shares of Non-Voting Series A Preferred Stock for a total of $83,000; 741,700 shares of Non-Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock for a total of $59,000; and 81,064,147 shares of Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock for a total of $64.9 million. Commission File No. 024-11419.
● From August 25, 2022 through February 20, 2023, the Company sold 5,913,887 shares of Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock and the underlying shares of Common Stock into which they convert for a total of $4.7 million in reliance on Regulation Crowdfunding. Commission File No. 020-30797.
● Beginning November 23, 2021, the Company commenced an exempt offering of Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock and the underlying shares of Common Stock into which they convert, pursuant to Rule 506(c) of Regulation D. The Company closed the offering August 31, 2023, having sold 45,010,800 shares for gross proceeds of $33.8 million.
● On June 15, 2023, the Company engaged in a statutory merger with an affiliated corporation, 500 Group, in which the Company exchanged 37,500,000 shares of Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock in exchange for 500 Group’s 100 outstanding shares of Common Stock in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. For details, see Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence. See also Exhibit 10.7 to this Annual Report.
● Between September 18, 2023 and October 9, 2023, the Company conducted an offering of its Series A-2 Preferred Stock in reliance on Regulation Crowdfunding. The Company sold 4,078,982 shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $3.3 million. Commission File No. 020-32926.
● Beginning February 17, 2023, the Company commenced a Canadian offering, through FrontFundr and DealMaker, of its Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock and the underlying shares of Common Stock into which they convert. This offering is subject to applicable exemptions under Canadian securities laws and is strictly limited to investors from specific Canadian provinces, which was verified by FrontFundr. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had sold 595,145 shares of A-2 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $476,000.
● Between September 1, 2023, and July 10, 2024, the Company conducted an exempt offering of Non-Voting Series A-3 Preferred Stock and the underlying shares of Common Stock into which they convert, pursuant to Rule 506(c) of Regulation D, selling 13,888,270 shares of A-3 Preferred for gross proceeds of $6.8 million.
● Beginning May 14, 2024, the Company commenced an exempt offering of Non-Voting Series A-3 Preferred Stock and the underlying shares of Common Stock into which they convert pursuant to Rule 506(c) of Regulation D. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had sold 696,593 shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $523,700 under the Regulation D offering.
● The Company’s offering of Non-Voting Series A-3 Preferred Stock in reliance on Regulation A was qualified on June 24, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had sold 14,368,074 shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $10.6 million under Regulation A.
NOTE: All classes of Preferred Stock convert into Common Stock upon the Company undertaking a firm underwriting registered offering (an “IPO”) or an offering of the Company’s Common Stock under Regulation A.
Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers.
During 2024, the Company repurchased the following shares:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period (a)
Total number of
shares
purchased
(b)
Average price
paid per share
(c)
Total number of
shares
purchased as part of
publicly announced
plans or programs
(d)
Approximate
Dollar value of
shares that may
Yet be purchased
under the plans
July 1, 2024 to July 31, 2024 3,063 $ 0.80 $ 0
Total 3,063 $ 0.80 $ 0
On July 16, 2024, the Company repurchased 3,063 shares of A-2 Preferred Stock for $2,450 from a single stockholder. These shares were repurchased at $0.80/share, which was the stockholder’s original purchase price. This purchase was not part of a larger plan or program to repurchase shares but rather was required in connection with our engagement of Marcum LLP to comply with its independence guidelines to ensure that no partner of the firm holds equity interests in an audit client.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere herein and in our consolidated financial statements. Please note that certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. See “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revision of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements” for a description of these changes.
Unless otherwise indicated, dollar amounts above $1000 in this Annual Report have been rounded to the nearest thousand, million or billion, as applicable.
In addition to our consolidated financial statements, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. See above Forward-Looking Statements.
Overview
The Company is a manufacturer of building systems and is in the process of aligning our production levels to match the demand for our products. In addition to our first Nevada manufacturing facility (“Factory 1”), which we took possession of in May 2021, we expanded our production capacity by signing leases for additional Nevada facilities (“Factory 2”) in June 2022 and (“Factory 3”) in May 2023, respectively. While our growth has mainly been funded by our capital raising activities as described below in “Liquidity,” we anticipate our increased manufacturing capacity will allow us to build Boxes more efficiently, and, in doing so generate additional revenue and profit in the future. We continue to improve our workforce, including the expansion of our business development and sales teams to focus and better support the outreach to B2B, B2C, and B2G sales channels, respectively.
To date through March 31, 2025, we have manufactured 701 Casitas and have completed deliveries of 278 Casitas in 6 states, including Arizona, Nevada, California, Oklahoma, Utah, and Hawaii. The majority of US states have a statewide modular program which requires approval of a specific product prior to the product being able to be sold and installed within the state. The requirements to obtain these approvals vary across each state, and the approval process has resulted in delays in the Company’s ability to deliver the product across the country, which has impacted the timing and amount of the Company’s revenues.
The Company has recently obtained state modular approvals under state-wide modular housing programs in Arizona, New Mexico, California and Nevada. The approvals were obtained as follows:
● During December 2023, we completed the required third-party inspection for the State of Arizona and received a report recommending Factory and Casita certification which was approved by the State.
● During May 2024, we received approval to sell Casitas as Modular homes in California in certain climate zones.
● During July 2024, we received approval to sell Casitas under the Statewide Modular Program in New Mexico.
● During January 2025, we received approval to sell Casitas in Nevada under the Residential building code
● During January 2025, we received approval to sell Casitas under the Statewide Modular Program in all climate zones in California.
New sales within recently approved states and jurisdictions may continue to face delays due to the time needed for site preparation, arranging funding for the project the purchaser, and other preparatory steps that are required to arrange delivery and installation of the units.
BOXABL also has been focused on selling its products in multiple jurisdictions that do not have a statewide modular housing program. In these areas, the ultimate approval comes down to the local jurisdiction and is determined on a site-by-site basis. This pertains to the following areas:
● Oklahoma
● Utah
● Wyoming
● Kansas
● West Virginia
● Hawaii
● Vermont
● Alaska
● Oregon
● Connecticut
● Delaware
● Tribal Lands
BOXABL is generally also able to sell its Casita, by adding a permanent chassis, as a Park Model RV under ANSI A119.5 in the majority of US states.
The Company retained multiple third-party inspection agencies to assist in achieving certification in multiples states with modular housing legislation simultaneously.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has delivered 270 units to approved states, states that do not have modular housing legislation or under the Park Model RV classification. In 2025, through March 31, 2025, we delivered an additional 8 Casitas in 2 states.
The Company maintains short-term liquidity of $21.7 million as of December 31, 2024, including $5.8 million of cash and cash equivalents and $15.9 million as short-term investments in U.S. Treasuries. Considering the Company’s burn rate, the Company’s liquidity is sufficient to fund approximately 7 months of operations in case of no revenues.
Trend Information
As of March 31, 2025, the Company has delivered 278 Casitas to 10 customers and has remaining customer deposits of $3.6 million from 8,658 potential customers ranging from $100 to $5,000. The Company currently requires a $500 non-refundable order fee for Casitas to connect that Customer to a BOXABL Preferred Dealer/Installer and survey the related location where the product is intended to be installed. The Company also started accepting $200 non-refundable pre-order fees in January 2025 to be added to the priority list for the newly launched Baby Box.
The Company has been developing an expanded product line, which includes a variety of sizes and configurations that extend beyond our existing Casita model. The growing interest expressed by various external stakeholders including property developers and homebuilders have prompted us to explore additional sales channels. In January 2025, we announced the launch of prototypes of our Next Generation Products.
This includes the Baby Box, a 120 sq ft compact living space, towable trailer, built to RV Standard NFPA 1192 and our Phase 2 Modular Building System, comprising Boxes (modules) of varying dimensions that stack and/or connect allowing a system where homebuilder customers are able to customize the Boxes to build different building types and floorplans.
We plan on beginning production of this product line manually with low capital investment to start.
For Phase 2 modular, we have been prototyping the production over the past few months and built 2 model homes in our Factory. This product will eventually need a new production line. We have developed various manufacturing concepts to manufacture this product in the future. We expect the design & development changes to be completed within 2025 and will focus design and manufacturing efforts based on the orders from developers for specific floorplans/models within the product offering. Manufacturing changes will be completed in parallel to the designs for initial manufacturing launch within the first half of 2026, subject to State approvals.
For Phase 2 Baby Box, we plan to start production of Baby Boxes in the fourth quarter of 2025.
In 2025, and following feedback from our customer base, we also introduced a 2-box configuration set up of our Casita including a 1 or 2 bedroom (for a total of 722 sq. ft.) set up for the California ADU market. This new floor plan can be produced with our existing production line.
Tariffs and Inflation
The U.S. government recently implemented new tariff measures affecting a broad range of imported materials. We have evaluated the potential impact of these actions on our operations and supply chain and do not expect them to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations in the near term. Our operations are currently supported by a substantial inventory of completed units manufactured prior to the effective dates of the tariff adjustments, which reduces our near-term exposure to increased costs associated with imported materials. Additionally, as we transition into the next phase of our product development, including Phase 2, our sourcing strategy reflects a greater emphasis on domestic procurement. This shift is expected to further mitigate exposure to international trade disruptions and tariff-related cost volatility.
We believe that we are well positioned to react to potential increased costs from our suppliers in the future due to our cost-effective building components and manufacturing process in the factory setting compared to the cost of traditional construction of stick-built homes in the field, which would face similar cost increases. As a result, the Company believes that it would be able to pass on those costs to end customers while keeping the BOXABL solution competitive.
However, recent proposals to change the international trade framework have resulted in substantial regulatory uncertainty regarding international trade and trade policy, both in the United States and abroad. The U.S. government has also raised the possibility of other initiatives that may affect our business, including renegotiation of trade agreements with other countries and the introduction of new or increased import duties or tariffs with respect to products from a number of different countries. In light of this uncertainty and the unknown impact on the broader US and global economy in the future, we do not have clarity at this point over the potential medium to long term impacts our business may face. The availability of certain goods could be affected if foreign suppliers choose to limit their exposure to U.S. markets in response to unfavorable trade policies, which could negatively impact the ability of our suppliers to deliver materials or manufacturing equipment to us and, therefore, delay or impede our deliveries. Furthermore, rising inflation, slower economic growth and increases in unemployment that may result from global trade disruptions could further deflate consumer demand, which may impact the housing market more broadly, reducing demand for our products.
Results of Operations
Revenues
Our FYE 2024 gross revenues were $3.4 million compared to FYE 2023 gross revenues of $344,000. Revenue in 2023 was negatively impacted by delays in the Company’s ability to obtain applicable permits and approvals. The BOXABL Casita finally received modular housing approval in Arizona during December 2023 followed by New Mexico and California in 2024, and Nevada in 2025. Revenue in 2024 was generated by sales of BOXABL Casitas, including the sale of 51 Casitas to eight customers, with significant customers including Punnett Construction (44%); Arizona Treasures LLC (10%), and American Campground LLC (19%). This is in comparison to 2 Casitas delivered in 2023. We are continuing to execute our sales strategy, which includes closing deals from our sales pipeline/waitlist and generating interest in our next generation of products. On July 17, 2024, the Company launched the BOXABL Directory which is a growing network of modular home Preferred Dealers/Installers across the States where the Company has approval to sell its Casita. Since most states require various dealer and installer licenses in order to sell and install modular homes, BOXABL utilizes a network of Preferred BOXABL Dealers/Installers to handle these transactions with its end customers. In addition to the network of Dealers/Installers, the Company has also launched an online dealer portal which allows the approved and trained Dealers/Installers to access a list of potential customers that have ordered a Casita in their area, are ready to proceed with their project, and need sitework and installation services. The launch of the Company’s dealer portal, combined with the expansion of our Preferred Dealer/Installer network, provides a platform for the Company to expand its sales and installation operations throughout the States where our product can be sold. Since launching the BOXABL Directory, the Company has trained and onboarded 80 Dealers/Installers and continues to expand its network. As the Company’s product obtains additional approvals throughout the country, the Company expects to utilize these systems to execute additional sales in these territories, with faster ramp up time.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold were $15.0 million and $10.6 million for FYE 2024 and 2023, respectively. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of products used in the production of the Company’s finished products, inbound and outbound shipping costs, the related labor, and indirect overhead costs associated with that production. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, manufacturing overhead was $11.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively. This consisted primarily of the allocation of indirect labor, rent and lease expense, and depreciation expense. Other allocations to manufacturing overhead included indirect supplies, scrapped material, and maintenance costs. These overhead costs are relatively fixed and do not increase proportionally with the increase in production or sales.
Cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, consist of the following:
December 31,
(In Thousands)
Direct material/shipping
$ 1,925
$
Direct labor
1,457
Manufacturing overhead
11,585
10,451
Cost of goods sold
$ 14,966
$ 10,556
Our of costs of goods sold compared to revenues for each of 2024 and 2023 were significantly elevated due to our reduced production levels as we faced delays on revenues mainly from permitting and regulatory issues, customer readiness and financing. As a result, the factory overhead, including the costs of leasing and operating our factories and indirect labor costs, was allocated to the inventory for total units produced during the year. While we estimate that we could produce and deliver 1,200 Casitas per year at full factory capacity, we only produced 140 Casitas in 2024 and 260 Casitas in 2023, respectively, which bore the full manufacturing overhead costs in each year.
In the first half of 2023, our costs of goods sold included as part of manufacturing overhead a 1% royalty paid to Build IP, a company controlled by our founder and CEO, Paolo Tiramani, under the terms of our exclusive license agreement to utilize the patented technology necessary to produce and deliver our Boxes. In June 2023, the Company acquired Build IP and its parent, 500 Group, both of which were owned by the Company’s CEO, for consideration of $30.0 million paid in Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock. As a result of this transaction, all royalty payments were ceased immediately. For details, see Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, consisted of the following:
December 31,
(In Thousands)
General and administrative
$ 12,213
$ 14,855
Sales and marketing
9,895
8,401
Research and development
6,592
8,292
Impairment loss
12,427
Total Operating expenses
$ 41,127
$ 32,540
The increase in total operating expenses in 2024 is primarily attributable to an impairment loss on customized equipment. We also incurred higher sales and marketing expenses in 2024, offset by the decrease in research and development and general and administrative expenses.
General and administrative expenses consist of compensation and benefits for various positions including company administration, rents, shop supplies, and utilities. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily related to lower headcount due to restructuring of the workforce and aligning the production levels with sales and the Company’s cost control initiatives. As we expand the Company’s production capacity, we expect these expenses to decrease on a per unit basis. Advertising and marketing expenses generally consist of advertising and promotions. In 2024, the Company undertook significant new advertising campaigns to refine the marketing of the Company’s products focused on generating sales activity, as well as advertising directly to investors. Research and development activity is essential to testing and developing BOXABL products. Our research and development costs were elevated in 2023 as the Company incurred significant costs to obtain permits and approvals. These costs included test raw material used in production and researching industry standards and regulations. Research and development costs declined in 2024, as the Company succeeded in obtaining state approvals under modular housing programs in several states. Following BOXABL obtaining California statewide approval for the Casita in all climate zones in January 2025, we expect to focus future research and development efforts on our Phase 2 Modular Building System and the Baby Box. In 2024, the Company recorded an impairment loss of deposits on equipment and fixed assets totaling $12.4 million related to assets that were procured for the anticipated ramp up of our previously planned generation 2.0 Casita. Prompted by a key supplier of equipment failing to fulfill their obligation, the Company determined that it no longer plans to continue with production of that configuration of Casita and recognized an impairment loss for this customized equipment.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on fair value on the date of grant and recognized over the associated vesting periods. Vesting of RSU awards is generally subject to a 3-year service period and, as of October 18, 2024, also subject to a performance condition. Accordingly, stock-based compensation is recognized upon satisfaction of the service and performance condition. In the case of options, the Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to estimate the fair value of options on the date of grant that are then expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur in the year of forfeiture and share-based compensation expense is adjusted accordingly.
For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $7.2 million and $8.7 million in stock-based compensation, respectively. The decrease is attributable to employee forfeitures upon termination in 2024, offset by the vesting of Stock options and RSUs granted under the Company’s Amended 2021 stock incentive plan. See “Note 12. Stockholders’ Equity - Stock-based Compensation” for further discussion.
Total Other Income and Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our total other income was $1.8 million as compared to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to lower balances of interest-bearing deposits.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Going Concern
The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will be able to continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is probable. Primarily due to slower sales associated with delays in obtaining US statewide modular approvals and customer readiness, the Company reported a net loss of $51.0 million and an operating cash outflow of $38.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $718.4 million. Absent any other action, the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations over the next 12 months.
The continuing viability of the Company and its ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company being successful in its continued efforts in growing its revenue and/or accessing additional sources of capital. Management’s plan to address this need includes (a) continued exercise of tight controls to conserve cash, (b) accelerating product sales, and (c) raising funds through equity financing. The Company anticipates current capital on hand, product revenue, and expected future funding will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations in excess of twelve months. The Company is currently selling shares of its preferred stock through Regulation A and Regulation D offerings in the United States and Canada. Management believes that the actions presently being taken by the Company will provide sufficient liquidity for the Company to continue to execute its business plan over the next year. However, there can be no assurances that management’s plans will be achieved.
Sources of Liquidity
To date, our operations have been financed by our exempt offerings of securities made in reliance on Regulation A, Regulation CF and both Rule 506(c) and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D in the United States and exempt offering regulations in Canada. For details regarding our securities offerings, see below Sales of Securities.
At December 31, 2024, our principal source of liquidity was our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which we achieved through our offerings of securities as discussed above. As of December 31, 2024, the Company held $5.8 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and $15.9 million in investments in short-term treasury notes, compared to $18.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $27.7 million held in short-term treasury notes as of December 31, 2023. Based on the Company’s current burn rate of $1.6 million per month, we anticipate that the current liquidity together with cash generated from sales of our products as well as sales of additional securities will be sufficient to meet our immediate cash needs for more than 12 months.
Historical Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31
(In Thousands)
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
$ (38,400 )
$ (35,622 )
Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities
$ 11,190
$ 33,426
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
$ 14,508
$ 15,503
Operating Activities
Cash used in operating activities included net loss adjusted for several non-cash items such as depreciation & amortization, stock-based compensation, impairment loss and other non-cash expenses, in addition to the change in working capital as inventory balances increased.
Investing Activities
Primary investing activities included purchase of property, equipment, leasehold improvement, payment of security deposit for our factory and other facility, and acquisition and sales of short-term and long-term investments. The increase in cash flows provided by investing activities was due to a sales of investments (U.S. Treasuries) during 2023 and 2024.
Financing Activities
Primary sources of our financing activities included net proceeds from issuance and sales of A-2 and A-3 Preferred Stock. This also includes proceeds received in advance of security issuance, which is included within the Company’s subscription liability.
Inventory
Our physical assets increased significantly with inventory of $24.3 million as of December 31, 2024, which is primarily finished goods including 397 Casitas, compared to $18.7 million as of December 31, 2023, which was also primarily finished goods including 313 Casitas. As our sales cycle for Casitas took longer due to delays in permitting and site work and customers readiness, the amount of inventory consisting of finished goods and raw material increased compared to the prior year. Subsequent to December 31, 2024 and through April 14, 2025, we delivered an additional 8 Casitas.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment decreased to $8.9 million as of December 31, 2024 from $10.8 million at December 31, 2023 primarily resulting from impairment of machinery and equipment and Construction in-progress offset by capital improvements and IT equipment at our manufacturing facility, less depreciation.
In addition to installed capital equipment, the deposits related to production equipment decreased to $93,000 as of December 31, 2024, compared to $9.8 million as of December 31, 2023 as result of the impairment of deposits on equipment and fixed assets discussed under “Results of Operations - Operating Expenses” above.
Sales of Securities
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company conducted offerings under Regulation A, Regulation Crowdfunding, Regulation D, and/or Canadian fundraising. The progress of these offerings during those periods was as follows:
(In Thousands) Year Ended
December 31, 2024 Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Offering Shares Sold Gross Proceeds Shares Sold Gross Proceeds
Regulation D (Series A-2) - $ - 11,120 $ 8,451
Regulation A (Series A, A-1 and A-2) - - - -
Regulation Crowdfunding (Series A-2) - - 4,079 3,263
Regulation A (Series A-3)* 14,431 11,145 - -
Regulation D (Series A-3)* 6,242 3,769 8,343 4,184
Canada (Series A-2)* 310
Total 20,880 $ 15,080 23,930 $ 16,208
* These offering are ongoing.
In addition, on June 15, 2023, the Company engaged in a statutory merger with an affiliated corporation, 500 Group, in which the Company exchanged 37,500,000 shares of Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock in exchange for 500 Group’s 100 outstanding shares of Common Stock in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. For details, see Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.
Material Commitments and Obligations
Expense Commitments
As of December 31, 2024, we reported current lease liabilities of $3.5 million compared to $3.2 million as of December 31, 2023. Our long-term lease liability decreased to $7.2 million as of December 31, 2024, from $10.7 million as of December 31, 2023, due to the passage of time.
Customer Deposits
Our main non-lease liability is the Company’s obligation to customers who have placed deposits on the purchase of our products. As of December 31, 2024, the Company held customer deposits in the amount of $3.6 million, which represented a decrease from $4.0 million as of December 31, 2023. This decrease is due to refunds and/or application of customer deposits to customer orders that were fulfilled during 2024.
Deferred Revenue
As of December 31, 2024, our balance sheet carried $2.3 million of deferred revenue related primarily to advanced deposits on unfulfilled purchase orders, including $1.5 million to Pronghorn Services LLC and $0.3 million to purchase orders from Punnet Construction in Oklahoma. This compares to $2.7 million of deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023. Deferred revenue generally occurs when the Company receives payments from the customer in advance of the Company shipping units to that customer. Pursuant to ASC 606, Revenue Recognition, the Company records deferred revenue for paid, unfulfilled performance obligations which are represented by the Casitas or installer training sessions that had not yet been delivered as of the date of the consolidated financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Inventory Valuation
Inventories consist of raw materials, in-bound freight and duties, work in progress, and finished goods. Inventories available for sale are valued at the lower of cost or net realized value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. This valuation requires us to make judgments, based on currently available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, bulk sales, and the expected recoverable values for each disposition category. On a periodic basis, the Company performs a physical count of its inventory and records an inventory valuation allowance for inventory that has become obsolete or inventory that has a cost basis in excess of the expected net realizable value. Damaged and obsolete inventory are valued based on specific identification and management’s estimate of net realizable value, including consideration of whether the items are usable in current or future production. Any difference between cost and estimated realizable value is recognized as an expense.
Intangible Assets
The Company has intangible assets that are accounted for at historical cost and amortized over the respective estimated lives on a straight-line basis and reviewed for impairment whenever events or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company’s intangible assets include: intellectual property associated with patents and trademarks that are amortized over their estimated useful life of 14 years, or the stated expiration date, whichever is more determinable. The Company also has implementation costs for cloud computing and hosting arrangements for software-as-a-service arrangements that are recorded as an intangible asset on the balance sheet, and subsequently amortized over their economic or legal life, whichever is shorter.
The Company applies the following useful lives to its intangible assets:
Intellectual property
14 years
Software
1-3 years
Domain
5 years
The Company has also incurred costs to develop software that are being developed for sale and/or external-use. These software development costs are recognized in Research & Development on the Company’s Statement of Comprehensive Loss, as these costs do not qualify for capitalization until the software has reached the point of technological feasibility, which is determined after the planning, designing, coding, and testing phases have been completed.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company applies ASC 718, Stock-Based Compensation for all stock-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock units, that are measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized over the associated vesting periods. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes model. The fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated on the date of the grant based on the fair value of the Company’s underlying common stock. The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock options on a straight-line basis over the associated service or vesting periods. Effective October 18, 2024, restricted stock awards became subject to a performance condition, which defers vesting of restricted stock awards until a monetization event. Accordingly, the Company shall not recognize stock-based compensation from restricted stock awards until a monetization event becomes probable.
Determining the grant date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions and judgments. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and, if different assumptions had been used, stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different from the amounts recorded.
Planned Timeline
With the success of our initial fundraising through our offerings under Regulation A, Regulation D, and Regulation CF, we have continued to advance our planned timeline. As of March 31, 2025, we see our next 12-month timeline as follows:
Month 1-6: ● Continue delivery of Casita orders to California, Arizona, New Mexico and Nevada and to states that do not have modular housing legislation, or using Park Model RV configuration.
● Release to market Casita 2 boxes set up with one- or two-bedroom floorplans and get it approved in California.
● Continue to expand our dealer & installer network to execute the B2C Casita sales.
● Establish our RV Dealer in Nevada to facilitate sales of Baby Boxes.
● Establish preferred lending relationships for customer financing of BOXABL products.
● Obtain plant and Casita certification in South Carolina and Texas. Costs are estimated to be $50,000 per State.
● Develop a product suitable for emergency response / temporary accommodation
Month 6-12: ● Obtain certification in several states including Texas and Nevada for our Casita 2 boxes set up.
● Release to market our Emergency Response temporary with B2G focus.
● Obtain orders for Phase 2 products to justify development costs for product & manufacturing.
Month 12+: ●
Obtain certification in several states including California, Texas and Nevada for our Phase 2 Modular Building System Boxes. Costs are estimated to be $50,000 per state.
● Begin Production of Phase 2 Modular Building System Boxes, depending on receipt of sufficient orders for Phase 2 products.
● Develop a smart home, AI-enabled, solution to enhance our products experience.
The Company believes the above referenced activities are achievable with its current cash and cash equivalents. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to meet this timeline. It is provided to identify our intentions for moving forward during the next 12 months of operation.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
As a smaller reporting company as defined by §229.10(f)(1), BOXABL is not required to provide the information under this Item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Index of the Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (2024 - PCAOB ID: 688)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (2023 - PCAOB ID: 3501)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
BOXABL, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of BOXABL, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph - Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 3, substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is probable. The Company has experienced limited sales and delays in production which have resulted in significant losses, cash used in operating activities and the need to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 3. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Marcum LLP
Marcum LLP
West Palm Beach, FL
April 14, 2025
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Boxabl Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Boxabl Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
The financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ dbbmckennon
We served as the Company’s auditor from 2020 to 2024.
San Diego, California
April 1, 2024, except for revisions of previously issued financial statements in Note 2 which the date is April 14, 2025
BOXABL INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
As of
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(In Thousands) (Audited) (Audited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,752 $ 18,574
Short-term investments 15,943 27,685
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments $ 21,695 $ 46,259
Accounts receivable
Loan receivable - current -
Escrow receivable
Inventories, net 24,261 18,694
Other current assets
Total current assets 47,018 65,655
Non-current assets:
Long-term investments - 2,777
Restricted cash 3,878 3,758
Property and equipment, net 8,929 10,766
Intangible assets, net
Right of use assets, net 10,026 13,238
Deposits on equipment 9,822
Loan receivable - non-current -
Security deposits 1,400 1,140
Total non-current assets 25,718 41,870
Total assets $ 72,736 $ 107,525
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable 1,776 2,349
Customer deposits 3,550 3,987
Deferred revenue 2,286 2,684
Lease liability- current 3,493 3,182
Subscription liability
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 1,864
Total current liabilities 12,444 14,517
Long-term liabilities:
Lease liability - non-current 7,168 10,661
Total liabilities $ 19,612 $ 25,178
Commitments and contingencies - See Note 13 - -
Stockholders’ equity:
Series A Preferred Stock $0.00001 par, 0.25 billion shares authorized, 194,423 thousand shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively 2,671 2,671
Series A-1 Preferred Stock $0.00001 par, 1.10 billion shares authorized, 850,605 thousand shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively 630,265 630,265
Series A-2 Preferred Stock $0.00001 par, 2.05 billion shares authorized, 174,160 thousand and 173,956 thousand shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively 100,879 100,773
Series A-3 Preferred Stock $0.00001 par, 8.75 billion shares authorized, 29,016 thousand and 8,343 thousand shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively 18,222 4,020
Unclassified Preferred Stock $$0.00001 par, 2.25 billion shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively - -
Preferred Stock Value - -
Common Stock $0.00001 par, 17.8 billion shares authorized, 3.00 billion shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively
Additional paid-in capital 19,322 12,074
Accumulated Other Comprehensive income (loss)
Accumulated deficit (718,435 ) (667,486 )
Total stockholders’ equity 53,124 82,347
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 72,736 $ 107,525
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
BOXABL INC.
CONSOLIDATED Statements of COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
(In Thousands, except per share amounts) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
For The Year Ended
(In Thousands, except per share amounts) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Revenues $ 3,376 $ 344
Cost of goods sold 14,966 10,556
Gross loss 11,590 10,212
Operating expenses:
General and administrative 12,213 14,855
Sales and marketing 9,895 8,401
Research and development 6,592 8,292
Impairment loss 12,427
Total operating expenses 41,127 32,540
Loss from operations $ 52,717 $ 42,752
Other income:
Interest income (1,583 ) (3,119 )
Other income (184 ) (107 )
Total other income: (1,767 ) (3,226 )
Net loss attributed to common stockholders $ 50,950 $ 39,526
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted 3,000,000 3,000,000
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted $ (0.02 ) $ (0.01 )
Comprehensive Loss
Net Loss $ 50,950 $ 39,526
Net gain on investments (170 ) -
Comprehensive Loss $ 50,780 $ 39,526
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
BOXABL INC.
CONSOLIDATED statements of stockholders’ equity
For the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
(In Thousands) Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit
Equity
Series A-3
Preferred Stock Series A-2
Preferred Stock Series A-1
Preferred Stock Series A
Preferred Stock Common Stock Paid-in Accumulated
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Stockholders’
(In Thousands) Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit
(Loss)
Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2023 - $ - 120,869 $ 89,469 850,605 $ 630,265 194,423 $ 2,671 3,000,000 $ 30 $ 3,345 $ (627,960 )
$ -
$ 97,820
Issuance of preferred stock 8,343 4,184 15,587 12,024 - - - - - - - -
-
16,208
Common control transaction - - 37,500 30,000 - - - - - - - -
-
30,000
Deemed dividend - - - (29,725 ) - - - - - - - -
-
(29,725 )
Offering costs - (164 ) - (995 ) - - - - - - - -
-
(1,159 )
Stock based compensation - - - - - - - - - - 8,729 -
-
8,729
Net loss - - - - - - - - - - - (39,526 )
-
(39,526 )
Balance as of December 31, 2023 8,343 $ 4,020 173,956 $ 100,773 850,605 $ 630,265 194,423 $ 2,671 3,000,000 $ 30 $ 12,074 $ (667,486 )
$ -
$ 82,347
Balance as of January 1, 8,343 $ 4,020 173,956 $ 100,773 850,605 $ 630,265 194,423 $ 2,671 3,000,000 $ 30 $ 12,074 $ (667,486 )
$ -
$ 82,347
Balance 8,343 $ 4,020 173,956 $ 100,773 850,605 $ 630,265 194,423 $ 2,671 3,000,000 $ 30 $ 12,074 $ (667,486 )
-
$ 82,347
Issuance of preferred stock 20,673 14,914 - - - - - - - -
-
15,080
Shares Retired - - (3 ) (2 ) - - - - - - - -
-
(2 )
Offering costs - (712 ) - (57 ) - - - - - - - -
-
(769 )
Stock based compensation - - - - - - - - - - 7,248 -
-
7,248
Net loss - - - - - - - - - - - (50,950 )
-
(50,950 )
Net gain on investments
Balance as of December 31, 2024 29,016 $ 18,222 174,160 $ 100,879 850,605 $ 630,265 194,423 $ 2,671 3,000,000 $ 30 $ 19,322 $ (718,435 )
$
$ 53,124
Balance 29,016 $ 18,222 174,160 $ 100,879 850,605 $ 630,265 194,423 $ 2,671 3,000,000 $ 30 $ 19,322 $ (718,435 )
$
$ 53,124
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
BOXABL INC.
CONSOLIDATED statements of cash flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
For The Year Ended
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Cash flows From operating activities:
Net loss $ (50,950 ) $ (39,526 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,052 2,375
Stock-based compensation expense 7,248 8,729
Accretion of investment discounts on debt securities - (453 )
Impairment loss 12,427
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable (65 ) (26 )
Loan receivable (270 ) -
Escrow receivable (133 ) -
Inventories (5,346 ) (10,451 )
Other current assets (173 )
Accounts payable (794 ) 1,067
Deferred revenue (398 ) 1,179
Customer deposits (437 ) (270 )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (1,176 )
Right of use assets and liabilities
Net cash used in operating activities (38,400 ) (35,622 )
Cash flows provided by (used by) investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment (1,242 ) (12,366 )
Deposits on equipment (868 ) -
Security deposits (259 ) -
Purchase of intangible assets (280 ) (45 )
Proceeds from Loan receivable - non-current (850 ) -
Gross proceeds from sale and maturities of investments 30,067 90,806
Gross purchase of investments (15,378 ) (44,969 )
Net cash provided by investing activities 11,190 33,426
Cash flows provided by financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of preferred stock, net of offering costs 14,308 15,052
Accrual of subscription liability
Net cash provided by financing activities 14,508 15,503
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (12,702 ) 13,307
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of year 22,332 9,025
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of the period $ 9,630 $ 22,332
Non cash investing and financing activities:
Acquisition of intellectual property $ - $ 272
Acquisition of right of use asset $ - $ 12,060
Deemed dividend $ - $ (29,725 )
Purchase of asset from prepayments $ 2,358 $ (2,575 )
Purchase of assets in accounts payable $ 221 $ 447
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the amounts recorded on the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets
(In Thousands)
December 31,
(In Thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,752 $ 18,574
Restricted cash 3,878 3,758
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of the period $ 9,630 $ 22,332
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
BOXABL INC.
notes to The CONSOLIDATED financial statements
December 31, 2024 and 2023
(all $ figures in thousands, except per share amounts and unit quantities)
NOTE 1 - INCORPORATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Description of Business
BOXABL Inc., is a Nevada Corporation originally organized as a Nevada limited liability company, on December 2, 2017. The corporation converted from a Nevada limited liability company to a Nevada corporation on June 16, 2020. These consolidated financial statements of BOXABL Inc., (which may be referred to as the “Company”, “BOXABL”, “we”, “us” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company’s headquarters are in Las Vegas, Nevada.
BOXABL Inc. has developed a new type of building system using advanced manufacturing processes and by applying existing technology from the automotive industry. Its products, referred to as “Casitas” or “Boxes,” result in sustainable high-quality buildings at lower cost, benefiting from mass production practices, resolving the problems of housing shortages by offering a quick solution, and reducing the carbon footprint. The Company has also developed patented folding and shipping technology, enabling the Company to transport its building solution on existing roadways to serve large geographic areas.
The Company’s Casitas can be configured for sale in various ways, including Park Model RV and/or Modular, where a Statewide Modular program exists. The Company is approved to sell its product as a Park Model RV under ANSI A119.5 in the majority of US states.
Currently, the Company is approved to sell its product as a modular home into the following states:
- Arizona
-
-
New Mexico
Nevada
- California
BOXABL also has the ability to sell its product in the following jurisdictions that do not currently have a state-regulated modular program:
- Oklahoma
- Utah
- Wyoming
- Kansas
- West Virginia
- Hawaii
- Vermont
- Alaska
- Oregon
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Tribal Lands
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Start-ups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. An emerging growth company may delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to non-public companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of this extended transition period and as a result, the Company is not required to adopt new or revised accounting standards on effective dates as they become applicable to public companies. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Amounts are expressed in US dollars, rounded to the nearest Thousandth (‘000’). The Company’s fiscal year is December 31.
Prior Period Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Revision of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company had previously incorrectly reported $3,119 thousand of net gain on investments in cash flows from operating activities, which was comprised of $2,666 thousand for interest income and $453 thousand for accretion of investment discounts on debt securities. The $2,666 thousand of interest income was erroneously reported as gross proceeds from sales and maturities of investments in cash flows from investing activities. The description of the $453 thousand accretion of investment discounts on debt securities, which is a non-cash item, has been changed on the Statement of Cash Flows to accurately describe the transaction. The Company has evaluated and concluded that these misstatements were not material, either individually, or in the aggregate to its previously issued consolidated financial statements. However, the Company has revised its previously issued consolidated financial statements to correct for such immaterial misstatements.
The Company has summarized the impact of this revision to its previously issued financial statements, including the impacts to specific financial statement line items, and related footnotes, as follows:
SCHEDULE OF RESTATEMENT CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Statement of Cash Flows - For The Year Ended December 31, 2023 As Reported Adj. As Revised
(In Thousands)
Net gains on investments $ (3,119 ) $ 3,119 $ -
Accretion of investment discounts on debt securities $ - $ (453 ) $ (453 )
Net cash used in operations $ (38,288 ) $ 2,666 $ (35,622 )
Gross proceeds from sale and maturities of investments $ 93,472 $ (2,666 ) $ 90,806
Net cash provided by investing activities $ 36,092 $ (2,666 ) $ 33,426
The Company has considered the impact of this error correction on its internal controls over financial reporting and its disclosure controls.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. These estimates form the basis for judgements the Company makes about the carrying value of its assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, including historical information and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company’s business and operations are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the US and worldwide along with local, state, and federal governmental policy decisions. A host of factors beyond the Company’s control could cause fluctuations in these conditions. Adverse conditions may include recession, downturn or governmental policy decisions. These adverse conditions could affect the Company’s financial condition, results of its operations and cash flows.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
● Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 1 assets consist of investments.
● Level 2 - Valuations based on observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
● Level 3 - Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment. The Company valued its employee stock options (NQSO’s and ISO’s) and stock grants (RSU’s) at grant date fair value using a Level 3 mark. See Note 12 - Stockholders Equity - Stock Based Compensation.
Restricted Cash and Deposits
On June 1, 2023, the Company was required to obtain a letter of credit to make a Security Deposit related to the expansion of premises of $3,714 thousand. The letter of credit is collateralized by cash in the Company’s bank account, which is restricted from use until the Letter of Credit is settled. The interest earned on this cash account is also restricted for use until the Letter of Credit is settled. The interest rate on the Letter of Credit was 3.15% as of December 31, 2024. On January 31, 2024, the Company also paid an additional security deposit of $259 thousand for additional tenant improvements to its existing leased facility. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company held $3,878 thousand and $3,758, respectively, as restricted cash.
Investments in Marketable Debt Securities
The Company generally invests its excess cash into marketable debt securities, which consist of short-term and long-term investments in U.S. treasury bills and notes that were classified as held-to-maturity in 2023, but during 2024 the Company re-classified its short-term investments in U.S. treasury bills and notes as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities are financial instruments that are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains/losses recorded in Other Comprehensive Loss. Held-to-maturity debt securities are financial instruments for which the Company has the intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost. The Company reserves for expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities through the allowance for expected credit losses. The Company utilizes a probability-of-default (“PD”) and loss-given-default (“LGD”) methodology to calculate the allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses estimate reflects a lifetime loss estimate and is based on historical loss information for assets with similar risk characteristics, adjusted for management’s expectations. Adjustments for management’s expectations may be based on factors such as investee earnings performance, potential refinancing events, changes in the regulatory, economic or technological environment of an investee or doubt about an investee’s ability to continue as a going concern. An increase or a decrease in the allowance for expected credit losses is recorded through other gain (loss) as a credit loss expense or a reversal thereof. The allowance for expected credit losses is presented as a deduction from the amortized cost. A debt security is written off when deemed uncollectible. The Company’s investments are invested in treasury debt securities issued by the U.S government and as such, have a low level of inherent risk; generally any changes in their value are attributable to changes in interest rates and market liquidity.
Short-Term Investments in U.S. Treasury Notes, Available-for-Sale
Short-term investments in U.S. Treasury bills and notes are classified as available-for-sale when the Company does not have both the intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Available-for-sale debt securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in Other Comprehensive Loss.
Short-Term Investments in U.S. Treasury Notes, Held-to-Maturity
Short-term investments in U.S. treasury notes include U.S treasury notes with maturities of less than 12 months. Where the Company has both the intent and ability to hold debt securities to maturity, these debt securities are carried at amortized cost. If a U.S. treasury note has an unrealized loss and we either intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery, we will record an impairment charge to investment and other income (expense), net for the entire amount of the unrealized loss and adjust the amortized cost basis of the security.
Long-Term Investments in U.S. Treasury Notes, Held-to-Maturity
Long-term investments in U.S. treasury notes include U.S Treasury notes with maturities of 12 months or more. Where the Company has both the intent and ability to hold debt securities to maturity, these debt securities are carried at amortized cost. If a U.S. treasury note has an unrealized loss and we either intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery, we will record an impairment charge to investment and other income (expense), net for the entire amount of the unrealized loss and adjust the amortized cost basis of the security.
Inventories, net
Inventories consist of raw materials, in-bound freight and duties, work in progress, and finished goods. Inventories available for sale are valued at the lower of cost or net realized value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. This valuation requires us to make judgments, based on currently available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, bulk sales, and the expected recoverable values for each disposition category. On a periodic basis, the Company performs a physical count of its inventory and records an inventory valuation allowance for inventory that has become obsolete or inventory that has a cost basis in excess of the expected net realizable value. Damaged and obsolete inventory are valued based on specific identification and management’s estimate of net realizable value, including consideration of whether the items are usable in current or future production. Any difference between cost and estimated realizable value is recognized as an expense.
Loan Receivables, net
Loan receivables consist of formal credit sales in transactions with Customers, where a portion of the sales proceeds consist of an interest-bearing loan originated by the Company. Loan receivables are recognized on the balance sheet and classified as long-term or short-term, respectively, based on the term of the loan. A portion of the loan receivable estimated to be uncollectible is recorded as a credit loss provision, a contra receivable balance in accordance with ASC 326 (ASU 2016-13), Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”). To reduce instances of credit losses, the Company performs a review of the borrower’s creditworthiness, credit terms are agreed by both parties and formally documented before any sale is completed. We further mitigate potential credit losses by requiring an unlimited personal guarantee from the borrower’s sponsor/owner and the loan is also secured by the underlying asset(s).
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor improvements are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included within gain/loss on disposal of assets within the consolidated statements of operations. Major improvements with economic lives greater than one year are capitalized. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Computers and other peripheral equipment
years
Furniture and fixtures
years
Machinery and equipment
5-15 years
Tenant improvements
2-5 years
Vehicles
years
Casita fixed assets
years
Intangible Assets
The Company has intangible assets that are amortized over the respective estimated lives on a straight-line basis unless the lives are determined to be indefinite and reviewed for impairment whenever events or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company’s intangible assets include intellectual property associated with Patents and Trademarks that are amortized over their estimated useful life of 14 years, or the stated expiration date, whichever is more determinable. The Company also has implementation costs for cloud computing and hosting arrangements for software-as-a-service arrangements that are recorded as an intangible asset on the balance sheet, and subsequently amortized over their economic or legal life, whichever is shorter. The Company applies the following useful lives to its intangible assets:
SCHEDULE OF USEFUL LIVES OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intellectual property
years
Software
1-3 years
Domain
years
The Company has also incurred costs to develop software that are being developed for sale and/or external-use. These software development costs are recognized in Research & Development on the Company’s Statement of Comprehensive Loss, as these costs do not qualify for capitalization until the software has reached the point of technological feasibility, which is determined after the planning, designing, coding, and testing phases have been completed.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration that we expect to receive, reduced by allowance for estimated returns, chargebacks, promotional discounts, markdowns, and rebates based on management’s estimates and the Company’s historical experience. Revenue also excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties, including sales and indirect taxes. In arrangements where we have multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price. We generally determine stand-alone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers.
The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:
- Identification of a contract with a customer.
- Identification of the performance obligations in the contract.
- Determination of the transaction price.
- The customer has the ability and intent to pay the contractual amount.
- Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.
- Recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied.
Revenues are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied through the sale and transfer of Casitas, services or parts to the Company’s customers. Generally, control transfers upon shipment of the Casita to the customer and considers the transfer of legal title and risk and rewards of ownership to the Customer. Occasionally, performance obligations for the Company may also include the delivery, installation and other services. The Company records a liability for customer deposits received prior to delivery of the Casita or fulfilment of the service. The liability is relieved, with revenue being recognized, once the performance obligations to the customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs after the customer has paid the contracted amount and the product has been shipped.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of products used in the production of the Company’s finished products, inbound and outbound shipping costs, the related labor, and indirect overhead costs associated with that production.
On a periodic basis, the Company performs a physical count of its inventory and records an inventory valuation allowance for inventory that has become obsolete or inventory that has a cost exceeding expected net realizable value. Damaged and obsolete inventory are valued based on specific identification and management’s estimate of net realizable value, including consideration of whether the items are usable in current or future production. The difference between cost and estimated realizable value is charged to expense.
Advertising Costs
The Company incurs third party advertising costs as well as payroll-related costs for its marketing personnel engaged in promotional activities. Advertising and promotion costs to market our products and services are expensed as incurred. Certain marketing costs related to the issuance of the Company’s securities are accounted for as a reduction to the proceeds from the equity offering, and not included in sales and marketing expenses.
Research and Development
Research and development costs consisting of design, materials, and consultants related to prototype and process improvements and developments are expensed as incurred.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company classifies all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. Due to the short maturity of these cash equivalents, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximate their fair values. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at high quality financial institutions. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s deposits exceeded the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) limit. The Company has not experienced any losses with respect to its cash balances. Based upon assessment of the financial condition of these institutions, management considers that the risk of loss of any uninsured balances does not have a significant impact on the Company’s operations.
Customers:
During the years ended December 31, 2024 revenues from three customers were approximately 73%, compared to 83% from four customers during the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, receivables from two customers represented 91% of the receivables compared to 100% of the receivables from one customer for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company applies ASC 718, Stock-Based Compensation for all stock-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock, that are measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized over the associated vesting periods. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes model. The fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated on the date of the grant based on the fair value of the Company’s underlying common stock. The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock options on a straight-line basis over the associated service or vesting periods. Effective October 18, 2024, restricted stock awards became subject to a performance condition, which defers vesting of restricted stock awards until a monetization event. Accordingly, the Company shall not recognize stock-based compensation from restricted stock awards until a monetization event becomes probable.
See Note 12 - Stockholders’ Equity - Preferred and Common Stock for a description of the amendments to the Company’s articles of incorporation and Note 12 - Stockholders’ Equity - Stock-based Compensation for a description of our amended and restated Plan, each of which became effective October 18, 2024
Determining the grant date fair value of options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires management to make assumptions and judgments. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and, if different assumptions had been used, stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different from the amounts recorded.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, Income Taxes. ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Tax positions initially must be recognized in the consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions initially and subsequently are to be measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.
Contingencies
The Company is involved in lawsuits, claims, and proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 450 Contingencies, the Company shall make a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes it has adequate provisions for any such matters. The Company reviews these provisions in conjunction with any related provisions on assets related to the claims at least quarterly and adjusts these provisions to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other pertinent information related to the case. Should developments in any of these matters outlined below cause a change in the Company’s determination as to an unfavorable outcome and result in the need to recognize a material provision, or, should any of these matters result in a final adverse judgment or be settled for significant amounts, they could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial position in the period or periods in which such a change in determination, settlement or judgment occurs.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding shares subject to redemption or forfeiture. Diluted net loss per share reflects the actual weighted average of common shares issued and outstanding during the period plus potential common shares. Stock options and convertible instruments are considered potential common shares and are included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. As all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive for the periods presented as a result of the net loss, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for each period.
The following table summarizes potentially dilutive securities, and the resulting common share equivalents outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:
SCHEDULE OF POTENTIALLY DILUTIVE SECURITIES OUTSTANDING
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Balance as of
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Stock options 50,196 55,236
Restricted stock units 173,572 60,500
Warrants 18,573 10,460
Preferred stock 1,248,203 1,227,102
Potentially dilutive shares 1,490,544 1,353,298
Leases
The Company leases some items of property, plant and equipment, including manufacturing and office space. On the lease commencement date, a lease is classified as a finance lease or an operating lease based on the classification criteria of the lease guidance under ASC 842. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company has recorded right-of-use (“ROU”) assets for all of its leased assets classified as operating leases. The Company has no finance leases. The ROU assets were computed as the present value of future minimum lease payments, including additional payments resulting from a change in an index such as a consumer price index or an interest rate, plus any prepaid lease payments minus any lease incentives received.
Warranty Provision
The Company generally offers its customers a manufacturers’ warranty on Casita products sold for a period of one year. Management records an expense to cost of goods sold for the costs of warranty repairs at the time of sale. Management’s estimate for warranties is based on sales levels and historical costs of providing warranties. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, the Company’s reserve for warranty totaled $594 thousand and $570 thousand, respectively, and is reflected in “accrued expensed and other current liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
As new accounting pronouncements are issued, the Company will adopt those that are applicable under the circumstances.
On November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires the Company to make disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of its consolidated income statement as well as disclosures about its selling expenses. These new requirements, as amended by ASU 2025-01, will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted and can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this update on its consolidated financial statements and does not expect the impact to be material.
On December 2023 the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). The standard requires enhanced annual disclosures regarding the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
On November 2023 the FASB issued improvements to reportable segment disclosures ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting. The standard requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”). It also requires disclosure of other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition, whereas the other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. It also requires interim period disclosures about a reportable segment’s P&L and Assets and requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) as well as how the CODM uses the segment P&L in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This ASU was applied on a retroactive basis, to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements, but did not have a material impact on the Company’s segment disclosures. The adoption of 2023-07 did not change the way that the Company identifies its reportable segment. However, it has resulted in incremental disclosures within the notes of the Company’s consolidated financial statements (Note 15).
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not effective, accounting standards have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 - GOING CONCERN
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will be able to continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is probable. Primarily due to limited sales associated with delays in obtaining US statewide modular approvals, the Company reported a net loss of $50,950 thousand, an operating cash outflow of $38,400 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024 the Company had an accumulated deficit of $718,435 thousand. Absent any other action, the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations over the next 12 months.
The continuing viability of the Company and its ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company being successful in its continued efforts in growing its revenue and/or accessing additional sources of capital. Management’s plan to address this need includes (a) continued exercise of tight controls to conserve cash, (b) accelerating sales of Casitas to generate revenue, and (c) raising funds through equity financing. The Company anticipates current capital on hand and expected future funding will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations in excess of twelve months. The Company is currently selling shares of its preferred stock through Regulation A and Regulation D offerings in the United States. Management believes that the actions presently being taken by the Company will provide sufficient liquidity for the Company to continue to execute its business plan over the next year. However, there can be no assurances that management’s plans will be achieved.
NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, investments in securities consists of U.S. Treasury Notes carried at fair value and amortized cost, respectively, consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENT IN SECURITIES
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Balance as of
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Investments in short-term U.S. Treasury Notes $ 15,943 $ 27,685
Investments in long-term U.S. Treasury Notes - 2,777
Total investments in U.S. Treasury Notes $ 15,943 $ 30,462
The long-term investments include maturities extending beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date.
The cost basis of investments held is determined by the Company using the specific identification method.
Interest Income on the consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss includes the accrued interest and realized interest earned on Treasuries. Unrealized gains and losses on treasuries, classified as available-for-sale, are reported within “unrealized net gains/losses” on the consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
SCHEDULE OF UNREALIZED NET GAINS AND LOSSES
(In Thousands) Amortized cost Allowance for credit losses Net Carrying Amount Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value
U.S. Government securities $ 15,773 - $ 15,773 $ 170 $ - $ 15,943
Total $ 15,773 $ - $ 15,773 $ 170 $ - $ 15,943
All available-for-sale debt securities have a weighted average maturity of one year or less
The Company does not have any investments with unrealized loss positions. During 2024 the Company re-classified its short-term investments in U.S. treasury bills and notes as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities are financial instruments that are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains/losses recorded in Other Comprehensive Loss. No allowance for credit losses was recorded for these securities as of December 31, 2024.
NOTE 5 - INVENTORIES, NET
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, inventory consists of the following:
SCHEDULE OF INVENTORY
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Balance as of
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Raw material $ 3,606 $ 3,346
Inventory in-transit
Work-in progress
Finished goods 20,426 14,820
Total inventory $ 24,261 $ 18,694
Inventories are written down for any obsolescence or when the net realizable value considering future events and conditions is less than the carrying value. For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company recorded $336 thousand and $721 thousand related to obsolete and damaged inventory in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, during 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $8,700 thousand and $1,424 thousand, respectively, in inventory valuation adjustments within cost of goods sold related to adjusting the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value.
During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $303 thousand and $0, respectively in inventory deposit write offs for prepayments on obsolete material, which is reported within “impairment loss” on the consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss.
NOTE 6 - LOAN RECEIVABLES, NET
The Company has originated two loan receivables comprised of formal credit sales in transactions with its customers. Based on the loan terms, $850 thousand of these loan receivables have been classified as long-term and $270 thousand of these loan receivables have been classified as short-term, respectively. A portion of the loan receivable estimated to be uncollectible is recorded as a credit loss provision, a contra receivable balance in accordance with ASC 326 (ASU 2016-13), Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”).
The Company has initiated loans to specific customers to assist them in their financing. The loans were negotiated on an arm’s length basis, accrue interest income, and were originated at market rates. Accordingly, there are no ASC 606 impacts related to a financing component embedded in the loan. Considering that the Company does not have a significant portfolio of loans, or any loss history, it does not have any basis to establish any anticipated expected credit loss. The Company has an on-going business relationship with these Customers and expects to deliver additional units in the future. As the loans are performing, the Company does not anticipate any credit loss associated with these loans. Management will continue to monitor the creditworthiness of these borrowers and apply an expected loss reserve if any anticipation of loss arises.
An aging analysis was performed using historical and forecasted credit loss rates across various delinquency buckets, resulting in a total expected credit loss estimate of $0. As both loan receivables were current and no balances were aged, the Company concluded that no CECL reserve was required as of December 31, 2024.
NOTE 7 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
The Company’s property and equipment consists of the following amounts as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Balance as of
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Computers and other peripheral equipment $ 404 $ 266
Furniture and fixtures
Machinery and equipment 7,880 8,754
Tenant improvements 2,804 2,397
Vehicles
Casita fixed assets
Construction in-progress -
Property and equipment, gross 12,852 13,840
Less: Accumulated depreciation (3,923 ) (3,074 )
Property, plant and equipment, net $ 8,929 $ 10,766
Depreciation
During the year ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company recognized $849 thousand and $1,937 thousand, respectively, in depreciation expense.
Deposits on Equipment
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $93 thousand and $9.8 million, respectively, for deposits on equipment which is reported within “deposits on equipment” on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, the remaining amount of purchase commitments was approximately $Nil and $3,273 thousand, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, certain deposits, totaling $8.2 million were impaired as their recoverability was determined to be uncertain. See Impairment Loss below for more information.
Impairment Loss
During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $12,427 thousand and $992 thousand, respectively, in impairment loss. The amount recorded as impairment loss during the year ended December 31, 2024 were related to assets that were procured to automate production of Casita model. On April 30, 2024, the Company filed a claim against the supplier based on breach of contract and misrepresentation prompted by the supplier of equipment failing to fulfill their obligation. Despite anticipating a judgment in its favor, during June 2024, the Company made the determination that recoverability of these assets and related deposits is uncertain. The Company recognized an impairment loss. For additional information regarding the legal proceedings surrounding this impairment, see Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings.
NOTE 8 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
The Company held the following intangible assets as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:
SCHEDULE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
As of,
Asset (In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Intellectual property $ 418 $ 398
Software -
Domain
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross
Less: Accumulated amortization (187 ) (79 )
Total $ 542 $ 369
Acquisition of Intangible Assets from Merger Agreement with 500 Group, Inc.
On June 15, 2023, the Company engaged in an all-stock statutory merger with 500 Group, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“500 Group”) and its subsidiary Build IP. The Company exchanged 37,500,000 shares of its Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock for 500 Group’s 100 outstanding shares of 500 Group’s common stock in a transaction valued at $30 million, or $0.80 per share. Due to the common control of the Company, 500 Group and Build IP by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, this transaction was accounted for under the common control accounting standards. In addition, 500 Group and Build IP didn’t have substantial assets, liabilities or operations. Thus, the Company treated the transaction as an asset acquisition, recording $272 thousand as intangible assets, which represented the patents at its historical carrying value, and the remaining consideration of $29,725 thousand as a deemed dividend. The deemed dividend was offset against the Series A-2 Preferred Stock account as the Company currently has an accumulated deficit. As a result of this merger, 500 Group and Build IP are wholly-owned by BOXABL, and their assets, including the intellectual property held by Build IP, are now owned and consolidated by BOXABL. Accordingly, the license agreement between BOXABL and Build IP is now void. This asset acquisition enabled BOXABL to control the intellectual property previously contracted for under the license agreement that required payment of a 1% royalty fee based on gross revenues.
NOTE 9 - CURRENT LIABILITIES
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, current liabilities were comprised primarily of accounts payable, customer deposits and deferred revenue, the current portion of lease liabilities (See Note 10 - Leases), and subscription liabilities (See Note 12 - Stockholders’ Equity).
Accounts Payable
Accounts payable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
As of,
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Outstanding vendor bills $ 1,514 $ 2,221
Sales tax payable -
Credit card balances
Total $ 1,776 $ 2,349
Customer Deposits
Customer Deposits are comprised of pre-order deposits from customers and prepayments in advance of attendance at on-site installer training. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Customer Deposits were reported at $3.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively. This decrease is due to refunds and/or application of customer deposits to customer orders that were fulfilled during 2024.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue is comprised of prepayments on unfulfilled purchase orders and prepayments for Site Surveys. During 2024, the Company began accepting $500 payments from customers beginning the B2C order process, which are used to conduct site surveys for the location or site of the sale. Deferred revenue consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED REVENUE
As of,
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Customer prepayments $ 2,240 $ 2,684
Site survey deposits -
Total $ 2,286 $ 2,684
NOTE 10 -LEASES
On December 29, 2020, the Company signed a 65-month lease for their 173,000 sq. ft. factory facility, commencing on May 1, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, a $525 thousand security deposit, first month’s rent, $87 thousand, and first-month’s Tenant’s Percentage of Operating Expense Fees (“CAM”) $19 thousand, had been paid to the landlord. The monthly CAM varies from month to month. After December 31, 2022, the Company amended the lease agreement to obtain additional space in a neighboring warehouse for four years, with the first month’s base rent of $116 thousand, increasing by 4% annually. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company performed improvements to the leased facility. In connection with these improvements, the Company made an additional security deposit of $259 thousand to the landlord.
On June 10, 2022, the Company signed a 73-month lease for a 132,960 sq. ft warehouse, commencing the earlier of (a) 30 days after substantial completion of tenant work by the landlord or (b) tenant commencing operation in the building. The lease commencement date was determined to be February 1, 2023. The initial base rent is $104 thousand and will increase 4% every year.
Effective as of January 1, 2023, the Company leased to Supercar System four support squares located in the Company’s main property located at 5435 E. N. Belt Road, Las Vegas, Nevada for $7 thousand per month. The agreement terminates December 31, 2026, and the Company retains the right to unilaterally terminate the agreement upon thirty days’ written notice. Supercar System is controlled by the Company’s CEO, Paolo Tiramani.
The Company recognizes lease expense for its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term. The Company has determined that it was reasonably certain that the renewal options would be exercised based on previous history and knowledge, current understanding of future business needs and the level of investment in leasehold improvements, among other considerations. The incremental borrowing rate used in the calculation of the lease liability is based on the rate available to the Company. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Certain subsidiaries of the Company rent or sublease certain office space to/from other subsidiaries of the Company.
Maturities of lease liabilities for operating leases as of December 31, 2024, were as follows:
SCHEDULE OF MATURITIES OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES
Remaining lease payments (In Thousands) Fiscal year
$ 3,997
3,839
2,102
1,509
Thereafter
Total lease payments $ 11,705
Less: Imputed interest (1,044 )
Total lease liability $ 10,661
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3.1 years and 3.8 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average incremental borrowing rate was 5.5% and 4%, respectively.
No ROU asset is recorded for leases with a lease term, including any reasonably assured renewal terms, of 12 months or less. Upon adoption of ASC 842, the Company also recorded lease liabilities computed as the present value of future minimum lease payments, including reductions from any landlord incentives, plus any additional direct costs from executing the leases. Lease liabilities are amortized using the effective interest method using a discount rate of 4%. Depreciation on the ROU asset is calculated as the difference between the expected straight-line rent expense over the lease term less the accretion on the lease liability. The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for these operating leases in its consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s lease agreements also include obligations for the Company to pay for other services, including operations and maintenance. The Company accounts for these services separately.
NOTE 11 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company had the following transactions with related parties:
SCHEDULE OF RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Year Ended December 31,
(In Thousands)
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss
Rental income (1) $ 89 $ 89
Professional fees (2) -
Balance as of
(In Thousands) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Preferred Stock (3) $ 1,719 $ 1,719
Acquisition of Patents -
Accounts Receivable (1) -
(1) The Company has a contract with the majority shareholder and CEO to share certain costs related to office space, support staff, and consultancy services. Refer to Note 10 for details of lease to Supercar System. In addition, under the services agreement between the Company and Supercar System, effective January 1, 2023, the Company receives reimbursements for the Company’s employees who provide services to Supercar System’s business. Supercar System is controlled by the Company’s CEO, Paolo Tiramani. As of December 31, 2024, Supercar System had a balance due to BOXABL of $5.7 thousand related to payroll costs funded by the Company, that were included in Accounts Receivable. This amount was settled on February 28, 2025.
(2) The Company incurred professional expenses related to a former member of the Board of Directors who provided consulting services.
(3) As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 26,726 thousand shares outstanding of Series A Preferred Stock, representing an initial cost of $427 thousand held by certain related parties including the spouse and in-laws to the Chief Marketing Officer. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 5,884 thousand shares outstanding of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, representing an initial cost of $372 thousand held by certain related parties including the in-laws to the Chief Marketing Officer and a former Director of the Company. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had 12,834 thousand Nonqualified Stock Options representing an initial grant date fair value of $920 thousand held by certain related parties including the spouse to the Director of Marketing and a former Director of the Company. See Note 12 - Stockholders’ Equity.
NOTE 12 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred and Common Stock
The Company was converted to a C-Corporation in the state of Nevada on June 16, 2020. In conjunction with the conversion, the Company authorized the issuance of 4.25 billion of common stock with a par value of $0.00001 and 750 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.00001. The Company initially designated all shares of preferred stock as “Series A Preferred Stock”, see below for rights and preferences.
On February 24, 2021, the Company filed an amendment to the articles of incorporation which increased the number of authorized preferred shares to 850 million, for which 202,517 thousand and 647,483 thousand shares were classified as Series A Preferred Stock and Series A-1 Preferred Stock, respectively.
On November 19, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a 10-for-1 stock split of the outstanding shares of the Company, and decided to increase the number of shares to the following: 6.6 billion shares of Common Stock of $0.00001 par value, 250 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock of $0.00001 par value, 1.1 billion shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock of $0.00001 par value, 2.05 billion shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock of $0.00001 par value, and 900 million shares of unclassified Preferred Stock of $0.00001 par value.
On September 1, 2023, the Company filed an amendment to the articles of incorporation which authorized the issuance of 8.75 billion shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock of $0.00001 par value and increased the amount of authorized unclassified Preferred Stock to 1.25 billion shares. On May 3, 2024, this amendment was refiled and accepted by the state of Nevada following completion of certain validation procedures under Nevada law associated with correcting defective corporate acts as discussed in the Company’s Definitive Information Statement filed with the Commission on March 29, 2024.
Effective October 21, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to the articles of incorporation which increased the authorized Common Stock from 6.6 billion shares to 17.8 billion shares of Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share, and increased the authorized Preferred Stock from 13.4 billion shares to 14.4 billion shares of Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share. The number of authorized Preferred Stock designated as Non-Voting Series A, A-1, A-2, and A-3 did not change, but the undesignated Preferred Stock of 1.25 billion shares was increased to an authorized 2.25 billion shares of undesignated Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value per share.
Preferred Stock Liquidation Preference
The following table summarizes the liquidation preferences as of December 31, 2024, in order of liquidation:
SUMMARY OF LIQUIDATION PREFERENCES
(In Thousands) Shares
Authorized Shares Issued
and Outstanding Liquidation
Preference
Balance
Series A-3 Preferred Stock 8,750,000 29,016 $ 23,213
Series A-2 Preferred Stock 2,050,000 174,160 139,328
Series A-1 Preferred Stock 1,100,000 850,605 67,198
Series A Preferred Stock 250,000 194,423 3,305
Non-classified Preferred Stock 2,250,000 - -
Total Series A Preferred Stock 14,400,000 1,248,203 $ 233,044
Sales of Preferred Stock
On June 25, 2024, the Company commenced an offering of up to 88,095 thousand shares of its Non-Voting Series A-3 Preferred Stock under Regulation A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), at a per share price of $0.80, plus 4,404 thousand Bonus Shares (as defined in the Offering Circular on file in the Company’s Form 1-A Offering Statement (Commission File No. 024-12402) (the “Form 1-A Offering Statement”)) for a maximum potential raise of $74 million(the “Regulation A Offering”). Assuming the Regulation A Offering is fully subscribed at the level where the maximum number of Bonus Shares are issued, the Company would sell a total of 92.5 million shares of Non-Voting Series A-3 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $74 million consisting of $70,476 thousand in cash proceeds and $3,523 thousand in Bonus Share value for which no cash proceeds would be received by the Company.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued 20,672,939 and 8,343,400 shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $14.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued 207,053, and 15,587,326 shares of Series A-2 preferred stock for gross proceeds of $166 thousand and $12.0 million, respectively.
Warrants
In connection with the issuance of certain A-3 shares, as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, the Company has issued 18,573 thousand and 10,460 thousand warrants that are exercisable at a price of $0.80 per share. Warrants are exercisable for three years from the date of purchase (the “Exercise Period”); provided, however, that the Company may call the warrants, in its sole discretion, at any time upon 30 days written notice to the Shareholders. If redeemed, each warrant shall be redeemed for one share of A-3 Preferred Stock. All unexercised warrants will expire and are subject to certain transfer restrictions.
Escrow Receivable
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $365 thousand and $232 thousand, respectively, of investment holdbacks in escrow receivable on its consolidated balance sheets. These amounts represent cash balances held by a third party, for the benefit of BOXABL.
Offering Costs and Deferred Offering Costs
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred offering costs of $769 thousand and $1,159 thousand, respectively. These costs include legal fees, commissions, targeted marketing and other deferred costs related directly to the open offerings.
Subscription Liability
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $651 thousand and $451 thousand, respectively, in a subscription liability pertaining to proceeds received, but the Preferred shares were not yet issued by the Company. These amounts represent funds from equity offerings paid to the Company prior to the issuance of shares. The Company has an obligation to issue the corresponding shares related to these proceeds. In relation to the Regulation A, Preferred A Stock Offering, DealMaker had remitted shareholder funds to the Company, which had not been paid to the selling shareholders until January 2025. These amounts were included within the subscription liability as of December 31, 2024.
Stock-based Compensation
On August 12, 2024, the Company amended and restated the Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (“Plan”) to increase the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan to 550 million shares (previously 150 million shares were reserved for issuance under the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan), as well as certain other amendments, subject to stockholder approval and notice. The Plan, as amended and restated, became effective on October 18, 2024.
Administration:
The Board of Directors delegated to the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors the authority to administer the Plan (the “Plan Administrator”), which includes the authority to interpret the Plan, to prescribe, amend, and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, to provide for conditions and assurances deemed necessary or advisable to protect the interest of the Company, and to make all other determinations necessary for the administration of the Plan to the extent not contrary to the express provisions of the Plan.
Eligibility:
Eligible participants in this Plan include employees of, non-employee directors of, and consultants to the Company. To the extent permitted by applicable law, awards may also be granted to prospective employees and non-employee members of the Board, but no portion of any such award shall vest, become exercisable, be issued or become effective prior to the date on which such individual begins providing services to the Company.
The Plan Administrator has the sole discretion to determine which participants will receive an award, including the determination of whether an award to an eligible participant will further the Plan’s purposes of providing incentives to attract, retain and motivate eligible persons whose present and potential contributions are important to the Company’s success by offering them an opportunity to participate in the Company’s future performance through the grant of awards, as well as the type of any award to be granted, the number of shares of Common Stock subject to any award, and the terms and conditions of any award.
Awards:
As of December 31, 2024, only Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) were outstanding under the Plan.
The Plan permits the following types of awards:
Stock Appreciation Rights:
Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) may be granted to Participants and shall have a per-share base value equal to the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the Grant Date. SARs may be settled at such times, and subject to restrictions and conditions, which need not be the same for all Participants; provided that no SAR shall settle later than ten (10) years from the Grant Date. Upon settlement, the Participant shall be entitled to receive payment of an amount determined by multiplying (a) the difference, if any, between the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock on the date of settlement and the base value of one share of Common Stock on the Grant Date; and (b) the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the SAR is settled. Payment for SARs shall be in cash, shares of Common Stock of equivalent value, or in a combination thereof. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not issued any SARs.
Restricted Stock Unit:
Restricted Stock Unit awards may be subject to transfer and other restrictions including, without limitation, continued employment, performance conditions, or limitations on voting and/or dividend rights. Restricted Stock awards will be forfeited if the restrictions imposed on the Grant Date have not expired at the time of termination of employment or service in the case of a non-employee director or consultant. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has granted 173,571,508 Restricted Stock Units which are subject to time and performance vesting conditions.
Stock Grant Awards:
Stock Grant Awards grant the Participant the right to receive (or purchase at such price as previously determined in the award) a designated number of shares of Common Stock free of any vesting restrictions. The purchase price, if any, shall be payable in cash or other form of consideration. Stock Grant Awards may be granted or sold in respect of past services or other valid consideration, or in lieu of any cash compensation due to the Participant. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has not issued any Stock Grant Awards.
Stock Options:
Under the Plan, Stock Options may be granted to Eligible Participants at a per-share exercise no less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock as of the Grant Date. The Administrator shall determine when the Stock Option may be exercised, including any performance, vesting or other conditions, provided the term does not exceed ten (10) years from the Grant Date. If the Participant’s employment or service is terminated for cause, their unexercised Stock Options immediately lapse, including any vested Stock Options. Incentive Stock Options (“ISOs”) may only be granted to Participants who are also employees. The exercise price of ISOs shall equal the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock as of the Grant Date and shall expire upon the earlier of ten (10) years from the Grant Date (unless a shorter time is set in the Participant’s award agreement), provided that, ISOs granted to an employee who owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company must have a per-share exercise price of no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock as of the Grant Date and cannot have a term exceeding five (5) years from the Grant Date. The vested portion of a Stock Option lapses three (3) months following the effective date of the Participant’s termination of employment or twelve (12) months following the effective date of the Participant’s termination of employment due to death or disability, as defined in the Plan (in each case, unless a shorter time is set in the Participant’s award agreement) but in no event later than the expiration of the Stock Option.
A summary of Stock Option activity as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 is as follows:
SUMMARY OF STOCK OPTIONS ACTIVITY
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share
(In Thousands except for per share price) Stock Options Exercise Price
per Share Term (in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 61,288 $ 0.13 8.40
Granted 1,357 0.70
Exercised - -
Forfeited/cancelled (7,409 ) (0.37 )
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 55,236 $ 0.13 7.90
Granted 0.07
Exercised - -
Forfeited/cancelled (5,547 ) 0.30
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 50,196 0.17 7.65
Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 41,360 $ 0.08 7.13
The Company accounts for share-based compensation arrangements using a fair value method which requires the recognition of compensation expense for costs related to all share-based payments, including stock options. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to estimate the fair value of Stock Options granted that are then expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur in the year of forfeiture and share-based compensation expense adjusted accordingly. Option valuation models, including the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant-date fair value of an award. These assumptions include the risk-free rate of interest, expected dividend yield, expected volatility, and the expected life of the award.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the Stock Options on the date of grant under the following assumptions:
SCHEDULE OF OPTIONS VALUATION ASSUMPTIONS
Expected life (years) (1)
5-6.5
Risk-free interest rate (2)
1.03-4.34%
Expected volatility (3)
0.503-0.549
Annual dividend yield
%
Weighted average fair value of options granted
$ 0.14
(1) In accordance with SAB Topic 14, the expected life of employee stock options was estimated using the “simplified method,” as the Company has no historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and employment duration for its stock option grants. The simplified method is based on the average of the vesting tranches and the contractual life of each grant. The Company believes the use of the simplified method is appropriate due to the employee stock options qualifying as “plain-vanilla” options under the criteria established by SAB Topic 14.
(2) The risk-free rate was based on the United States bond yield rate at the time of grant of the award, whose term is consistent with expected life of the stock options.
(3) Based on historical experience over a term consistent with the expected life of the stock options.
(4) Expected annual rate of dividends is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Share-based compensation expense is not adjusted for estimated forfeitures but instead adjusted upon an actual forfeiture of a stock option. Amounts recorded for forfeited or expired unexercised options are accounted for in the year of forfeiture.
Restricted Stock Units:
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) grant the Participant the right to receive a certain number of shares of Common Stock, a cash payment equal to the Fair Market Value of that number of shares of Common Stock (determined as of a specified date), or a combination thereof, based on the terms and conditions of the award, as determined by the Plan Administrator. Upon termination of employment (or service as a non-employee director or consultant), unvested RSUs shall be forfeited.
RSUs represent a right to receive a single common share. Vesting of RSU awards is generally subject to a 3-year service period and effective October 18, 2024, also subject to a performance condition. Accordingly, stock-based compensation is recognized upon satisfaction of the service and performance condition.
The Company granted 126,500,031 RSUs and 54,357,244 RSUs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
A summary of RSU activity as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is as follows:
SUMMARY OF RSU ACTIVITY
Weighted-Average Grant Date
(In Thousands except for per share amounts) RSU’s Fair Value per
Share
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 17,857 $ 0.07
Awarded 54,357 0.70
Vested - -
Cancelled (11,714 ) 0.72
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 60,500 $ 0.51
Awarded 126,500 0.80
Vested - -
Cancelled (13,429 ) 0.80
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 173,572 $ 0.79
During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, the Company recognized stock compensation expense related to stock options and RSU’s, as follows:
SCHEDULE OF RECOGNIZED STOCK COMPENSATION EXPENSE RELATED TO STOCK OPTIONS AND RSU
For the Year Ended December 31,
(In Thousands)
Cost of Goods Sold $ 2,458 $ 916
General and Administrative 1,972 3,930
Sales and Marketing 1,468 2,157
Research and Development 1,350 1,726
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense $ 7,248 $ 8,729
The expected life of employee stock options was estimated using the “simplified method,” as the Company has no historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and employment duration for its stock option grants. The simplified method is based on the average of the vesting tranches and the contractual life of each grant. The expected life of awards that vest immediately use the contractual maturity since they are vested when issued. For stock price volatility, the Company uses public company compatibles as a basis for its expected volatility to calculate the fair value of option grants. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury notes with a term approximating the expected life of the option at the grant-date.
The Company recognizes stock option forfeitures as they occur as there is insufficient historical data to accurately determine an estimate of future forfeiture rates.
Future stock-based compensation expense related to these options and RSUs as of December 31, 2024, to be recognized is approximately $124.8 million, which is expected to be expensed upon satisfaction of the performance condition. This amount of future stock-based compensation expense could be affected by any future option and RSU grants or by any forfeitures.
Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), is measured at fair value on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is estimated on the date of grant based on the fair value of the underlying common stock.
The Company has elected to recognize compensation expense for stock options granted to employees on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Compensation expense for RSUs is amortized using the accelerated attribution approach over the requisite service period as long as the performance condition in the form of a specified liquidity event is probable to occur.
The fair value of stock options granted to non-employees is calculated at each grant date and re-measured at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the resulting change in value, if any, is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods in which the related services are rendered.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company granted Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) that vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based and a performance-based requirement. The service condition is a stated service period generally requiring 36 months of service, with the total number of RSUs awarded vesting on a cliff basis after the 36-month anniversary date of the grant. The performance-based condition is an event-based criteria that will be satisfied as to any then-outstanding RSUs on the first to occur of a ‘Qualifying Transaction” defined as: (1) the closing date of a transaction resulting in a change in control; or (2) the effective date of an IPO.
The RSUs vest on the date upon which both the service-based and performance-based requirements are satisfied. If a Qualifying Transaction occurs prior to the Vesting Date, the RSUs shall fully (100%) vest effective immediately prior to and contingent upon the Qualifying Transaction. If the Grantee’s employment by the Company terminates for any reason prior to a Qualifying Transaction, such termination shall result in the immediate forfeiture and cancellation of the RSUs, which means the Grantee will not be entitled to any payment pursuant to this Agreement after the date of such termination. If the RSUs vest, the Company will deliver one share of common stock for each vested RSU on the settlement date. The unvested RSUs expire ten years from the grant date.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company concluded that the event performance condition described above for the RSUs was not probable of being satisfied at such time. As a result, the Company has not recognized any compensation cost to date for any RSUs granted. In the period in which the performance-based condition is achieved, the Company will accelerate all vesting and record the stock-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, based on the grant date fair value of the RSUs.
SCHEDULE OF GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE OF RSU
Number of Units Weighted-Average Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2023 60,500,072 $ 30,900,000
RSUs Granted 126,500,031 $ 101,200,025
RSUs Forfeited 13,428,595 $ 10,742,876
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2024 173,571,508 $ 121,357,149
As of December 31, 2024, all stock-based compensation expenses related to the Company’s RSUs remained unrecognized because the performance-based condition was not satisfied. No RSUs had met their service-based vesting condition as of December 31, 2024; also, no RSUs had met the performance vesting condition.
If the performance vesting condition had been satisfied on December 31, 2024, the Company would have recorded $121.3 million of stock-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method related to RSUs. Due to the nature of the acceleration clause, upon a Qualified Transaction, 100% of the stock-based compensation expense on these RSUs will be recognized.
NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual agreements with third parties that include non-cancelable payment obligations, for which it is liable in future periods. These arrangements can include terms binding the Company to minimum payments and/or penalties if it terminates the agreement for any reason other than an event of default as described in the agreement.
In the course of business, the Company is party to various legal proceedings and claims from time to time. A liability will be accrued when a loss is both probable and can be reasonably estimated. Management believes that the probability of a material loss is remote. However, litigation is inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate disposition of these proceedings. There are no legal proceedings, which the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.
Legal Proceedings
Claims filed by the Company
(i) The Company initiated legal action against former employees who violated their agreements post-termination. Quantifying the resulting harm is complex and ongoing. The Company anticipates that judgment will be entered in its favor for a sum less than $250 thousand.
(ii) The Company uncovered potential misconduct by a former employee related to a stock scheme, the impact of which is challenging to measure. The Company anticipates that judgment will be entered in its favor for a sum less than $1 million, but the investigation and extent of damages is ongoing.
(iii) The Company engaged in litigation with an Internet Blogger who posted defamatory information regarding the Company. On August 5, 2024, the court entered a default judgment in favor of the Company, awarding $50 thousand in damages. A judgment lien has been placed on property owned by the defendant and the Company is in the process of filing a foreclosure action against the property.
(iv) On April 30, 2024, the Company filed a lawsuit against Brave Control Solutions, Inc. and individual Brent McPhail in US District Court. The Company seeks damages equal to all amounts paid under the contracts, among other relief, to recover from these breaches and misrepresentations. The Company anticipates a judgment in its favor, but recovery of these assets is uncertain.
Claims filed against the Company
(i) The Company received notifications of employment-related charges filed by former employees with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) and the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”). The allegations involve various issues such as discrimination and interference with employee rights. The Company provided responses to both agencies and is awaiting further developments. The Company does not expect a material impact to its financial position.
(ii) The Company’s former Chief Operating Officer, terminated for cause after seven months of employment, filed a civil complaint in Nevada alleging various claims against the Company and its directors. The Company settled this matter in March 2025 without a material impact to its financial position.
(iii) Leader Capital is a shareholder of the Company and has filed suit against the Company and its previous transfer agent, Transfer Online, Inc. The Company is defending itself and Transfer Online in this lawsuit, which has a potential loss range of between $1 and $3.7 million, but the Company believes it has a good probability of success on summary judgment and a good probability of success at trial. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued a loss contingency for this matter.
(iv) Ro-Matt International Inc. and Electra-Tech Manufacturing Inc. (“Applicants”) filed a lawsuit against Brave Control Solutions, Inc., BOXABL Inc., and Royal Bank of Canada in Ontario, Canada, in the Superior Court of Justice. This case was dismissed, with no damages asserted against BOXABL.
(v) The Company has received claims from various parties alleging that BOXABL violated certain California Laws, including the Trap and Trace Law and California Privacy Laws relating to its Facebook postings. The Company does not expect a material impact to its financial position.
(vi) Pronghorn Homes, LLC, a party to the Arizona mining project, filed a lawsuit against the Company in the State of Arizona, which has a potential loss exposure of up to $295 thousand. The Company denies liability and intends to defend against this claim. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued a loss contingency for this matter.
NOTE 14 - INCOME TAXES
The Company has not recorded any income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carryforwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Deferred Tax Assets:
Federal & State NOL Carryforward $ 21,429 $ 13,238
Research & Other Credits
Capitalized R&D 2,611 2,051
Accruals, Reserve and Other
Lease Liability 2,359 2,907
Stock Based Compensation 2,325 1,716
Other DTA 2,171 -
Total Gross DTA 31,450 20,874
Less: Val. Allowance (28,854 ) (17,653 )
Total Deferred Tax Assets $ 2,596 $ 3,221
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Fixed Assets $ (340 ) $ (441 )
ROU Assets (2,219 ) (2,780 )
Other DTL (38 ) -
Total Gross DTL $ (2,596 ) $ (3,221 )
Net Deferred Tax Assets $ - $ -
A valuation allowance is required to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. A full review of all positive and negative evidence needs to be considered. The Company has established a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 due to historical losses and uncertainty surrounding the use of such assets. The valuation allowance increased by $11.1 million between December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024 primarily due to the generation of net operating losses.
Net Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $100.1 million. The federal net operating losses were all generated after 2017 and are not subject to expiration. The Company does not have any state net operating loss carryforwards.
The Company has research credit carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $531.4 thousand as of December 31, 2024. The federal credits begin to expire in 2041. The Company does not have any state credit carryforwards.
Utilization of some of the federal net operating loss and credit carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations due to the “change in ownership” provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitations may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization. The Company has not performed a Section 382 study as of December 31, 2024.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The Company recognizes a tax benefit from uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. Due to the existence of the full valuation allowance, future changes in unrecognized tax benefits will not impact the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company does not foresee material changes to its liability for uncertain tax benefits within the next 12 months.
The Company files tax returns in the U.S. The Company is not currently under examination in any jurisdictions and all its tax years remain effectively open to examination due to net operating loss carryforwards.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no interest or penalties were required to be recognized relating for unrecognized tax benefits. In the event the Company should need to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax liabilities, this amount will be recorded as an accrued liability and an increase to income tax expense.
NOTE 15 - SEGMENTS
The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Financial Officer, who performs quarterly reviews of the financial information presented on a consolidated basis. The CODM utilizes the Company’s strategic plan, which includes product development roadmaps and the Company’s long-range financial model, including key inputs for resource allocation. Significant expenses include research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses, which are each separately presented on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. See the consolidated financial statements for other financial information regarding the Company’s single operating segment.
The Company has no significant long-lived assets recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets outside of the US jurisdiction.
NOTE 16- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events from December 31, 2024 through April 14, 2025, the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements.
Sales and Regulatory Approvals
Between January 1, 2025 and April 10, 2025, the Company shipped 8 units. There are currently 38 units that are under contract with our dealer network which are going through various steps required to be installed such as permitting and site preparation. In addition, the Company has signed contracts with various B2B customers for 119 units.
During January 2025, the Company’s Casita was approved under the Residential Building Code in the State of Nevada and was also approved to be sold across the entire State of California, inclusive of all climate zones.
On January 24, 2025, the Company announced the launch of sales for the Baby Box. In addition, the Company announced its next generation of Phase 2 Boxes (modules) that stack and/or connect to build different building types and floorplans.
Tariffs
Subsequent to year-end, the U.S. government implemented new tariff measures affecting a broad range of imported materials. We have evaluated the potential impact of these actions on our operations and supply chain and do not expect them to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations in the near term. Our operations are currently supported by a substantial inventory of completed units manufactured prior to the effective dates of the tariff adjustments, which reduces our near-term exposure to increased costs associated with imported materials. Additionally, as we transition into the next phase of our product development, including Phase 2, our sourcing strategy reflects a greater emphasis on domestic procurement. This shift is expected to further mitigate exposure to international trade disruptions and tariff-related cost volatility. We will continue to monitor developments in U.S. trade policy and adjust our supply chain strategy as necessary.
Legal Settlements
On March 25, 2025, the Company settled claims asserted against a former employee as well as claims that the former employee asserted against the Company. The Company paid the former employee $105,000 and the former employee surrendered 5,882,353 shares of the Company’s Preferred A-1 Stock.
Equity Events
Subsequent to December 31, 2024, the Company issued the following:
- 3,077,519 shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $2,401 thousand through Regulation A.
- 358,494 shares of Series A-3 Preferred Stock for gross proceeds of $273 thousand through Regulation D.
For awards previously issued under the Company’s Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, the Company recognized employee forfeitures of 33,530,390 RSUs and 3,408,531 Stock Options subsequent to December 31, 2024. No additional grants of RSUs or Stock Options were made under the Plan.
Previously issued Stock Options totaling 45,413,041 shares became fully vested at a weighted average exercise price per share of $0.08. None of these options have been exercised.
Subscription Liability
Between January 1, 2025 and April 14, 2025, the Company received net proceeds of $9,428 thousand, prior to issuance of preferred shares, that were recognized as subscription liability.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
On May 15, 2024, dbbmckennon , the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company for the preceding five years, submitted a letter of resignation to the Company’s Audit Committee, with such resignation effective as of May 15, 2024. The resignation was approved by the Audit Committee. The reports issued by dbbmckennon on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022 did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles.
During the fiscal years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022, and during the interim period ending May 15, 2024, there were no disagreements (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) between the Company and dbbmckennon on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure that, if not resolved to the satisfaction of dbbmckennon, would have caused dbbmckennon to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in their report.
On March 29, 2024, DBBM communicated to the Audit Committee and Management a reportable event (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K) in connection with dbbmckennon’s consolidated financial statement audit for the year ended December 31, 2023. The reportable event consisted of certain material weaknesses in internal controls existed over the valuation of stock-based compensation, as well as disclosure controls over financial reporting under generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company considered dbbmckennon’s assessment of the material weakness and believes that the reportable event resulted from preliminary information that was resolved prior to the issuance of the audit report, and does not constitute a “disagreement” as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K. As identified in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, post-closing adjustments related to stock-based compensation were recorded, and management was able to conclude that its disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
On August 1, 2024, the Company finalized entering into an engagement to retain Marcum LLP as the Company’s new independent registered public accounting firm. The Company’s Audit Committee had initially approved the selection of Marcum LLP, and the terms of the engagement, on July 11, 2024, which preceded Marcum LLP’s process for approving the engagement. The engagement became binding following both parties executing the engagement letter on August 1, 2024.
During the two most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and during the subsequent interim period from January 1, 2024 through August 1, 2024, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf consulted Marcum LLP regarding either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to the Company that Marcum LLP concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue, or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a “disagreement” or a “reportable event”, each as defined in Regulation S-K Item 304(a)(1)(iv) and 304(a)(1)(v), respectively.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact there are resource constraints and management are required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level due to the material weakness in the design and operation of effective Information Technology General Controls (“ITGC”) over certain key financial IT systems described below. This will require remediation in order to be effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Evaluation of Information Technology General Controls (ITGCs)
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
The Company identified a material weakness related to the ineffective design and operation of effective ITGC’s over certain systems that are critical to the Company’s financial reporting process. Specifically, the Company had ineffective design and operation of controls over certain information technology general controls (ITGCs), including user segregation of incompatible duties, program change management, and user access controls to ensure: (i) that access to applications and data, and the ability to perform program changes, were adequately restricted to appropriate personnel and (ii) that the activities of individuals with access to modify data and make program changes were appropriately monitored and restricted. Automated process-level and manual controls that are dependent upon the information derived from such financially relevant systems were also determined to be ineffective as a result of such deficiency for the year ended December 31, 2024. During 2024, significant turnover in the Company’s personnel across the Finance, IT, Legal, and Investor Relations departments contributed to this deficiency.
Notwithstanding the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, Management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have certified that, based on each such officer’s knowledge, the financial statements, as well as the other financial information included in this Annual Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Annual Report.
Management’s Plan for Remediation of the Material Weakness
Management, with the oversight of the audit committee of the board of directors, is committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment. In response to the material weakness identified above, we have identified and begun to implement remediation efforts which include: (i) implementing user access rights to formally require segregation of duties over systems that are critical to the Company’s financial reporting; (ii) engaging third-party consultants to assist with the remediation efforts, including enhancing our risk assessment; (iii) hiring of additional and more experienced Accounting, IT, Legal, and Investor Relations personnel and; (iv) reporting remediation measures to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
The Company believes that these actions, when fully implemented, will remediate the material weakness. However, the material weakness will not be considered fully remediated until management designs and implement effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective. As the Company continues to evaluate operating effectiveness and monitor improvements to our internal control over financial reporting, we may take additional measures to address control deficiencies or modify the remediation plan described above.
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, under the supervision of our Audit Committee. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on such assessment, and as a result of the material weakness described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2024. However, after giving full consideration to this material weakness, Management has concluded that the Company’s consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods disclosed in conformity with GAAP.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except for significant turnover in the Company’s personnel across the Finance, IT, Legal, and Investor Relations departments.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
(a) None.
(b) None of the Company’s officers or directors have entered into a contract, established a plan, or issued instructions that provides for the purchase or sale of any equity securities of the Company intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Directors, Executive Officers and Significant Employees
As of March 31, 2025, our directors, executive officers and significant employees were as follows:
Name
Position
Age
Term in Office
Fulltime with the Company
Executive Officers
Paolo Tiramani
Chief Executive Officer
Since December 2017
Yes
Galiano Tiramani
Chief Marketing Officer
Since December 2017
Yes
Martin Noe Costas
Chief Financial Officer
Since October 2023
Yes
Directors
Paolo Tiramani
Director
Since June 2020
Galiano Tiramani
Director
Since June 2020
David R. Cooper II*
Director
Since June 2023
Veronica Nkwodimmah Stanaway*
Director
Since June 2023
Gregory F. Ugalde*
Director
Since June 2023
Zvi Yemini*
Director
Since June 2023
Significant Employees
Kyle Denman
Senior Engineer
Since December 2017
Yes
* Independent director.
Paolo Tiramani, Chief Executive Officer, Director
An industrial designer and mechanical engineer, Paolo has over 150 patent filings which have generated more than $1 billion in retail sales. Paolo founded BOXABL in 2017 and has funded BOXABL to date through his intellectual property investment company 500 Group Inc., which has been in operation since 1986. Paolo also founded Supercar System in 2014. Paolo moved operations to Las Vegas, Nevada five years ago for its strategic location, business and tax climate to develop the BOXABL project into an operating company. Paolo and Galiano Tiramani are father and son.
Galiano Tiramani, Chief Marketing Officer, Director
Galiano is a serial entrepreneur who has founded several successful startups. Notably, a cryptocurrency exchange and bitcoin ATM network that was founded in 2014 and later sold. He also founded and operated a large green farming and processing facility in Northern California before moving to Las Vegas to pursue BOXABL full time. Galiano holds a bachelor’s degree in business. Paolo and Galiano Tiramani are father and son.
Martin Noe Costas, Chief Financial Officer
Martin Costas is a highly accomplished and visionary leader with an exceptional decade-long track record of strategic and operational excellence. With a solid foundation from over 8 years with public accounting with PwC and over 15 years with Fortune 500 companies, Martin has consistently demonstrated his strategic prowess and operational acumen. His most recent position was as CFO with Honeywell Process Solutions, a $4 billion+ global business pioneer in automation control, instrumentation, and services, where he served as CFO from 2022 until October 2023. Prior to this role, he served 3 years (2019 - 2022) as CFO at Nexans Amercable, a global leader in jacketed electrical power, control, and instrumentation cable. From 2017 to 2019 Martin led a Fortune 100 finance transformation as Global Process Owner with Sysco. Prior to that time, he spent over 9 years with SLB (formerly Schlumberger) where he led the finance function of a $6billion+ global Business as the Drilling Solutions Global Controller. Martin has a robust academic foundation, including an MBA from Universität de Barcelona and a bachelor’s degree from Universidad Argentina De La Empresa (UADE), combines academic rigor with practical expertise. His global perspective, fluency in multiple languages, and commitment to excellence continue to make him a trailblazing leader in the business world.
David R. Cooper II, Director
David is a self-styled “super connector” in the global industrialized construction sector who has built a multimedia highway of case studies featuring industry leaders who drive business forward. He has spent the last four years touring smart cities, net zero master planned communities, manufacturing facilities, skills training academies, job sites and more seeking out emerging building products, technology and advanced building processes across the United States, Europe and the United Kingdom. Since February 2020, David has served as host of Dave Cooper Live, LLC, an online talk show about technology, innovation and evolution of construction business. From November 2010 to October 2020, David was Managing Director at Connecticut Valley Homes, a New England based builder using volumetric modular construction for custom homes and commercial projects. David believes that changes for the greater good of the building manufacturing industry and those working in it will have a significant impact on our environment and people everywhere.
Veronica Nkwodimmah Stanaway, Director
Veronica is a financial professional with a solid track record in accounting, finance, and tax. She is an innovative thinker with strong leadership skills, excellent communication skills and a history of working with all organizational levels to implement change and improve operational performance and company value. Since February 2023, Veronica has served as Interim CFO with Oakcliff Capital Partners LP, an investment management fund that invests in publicly traded securities, where she managed all financial accounts and operations of the fund. Veronica shifted focus to family and social causes beginning in 2014 and has volunteered her time, raising funds, and providing other services with the following organizations: Bronxworks from 2016 to present; Croton PTA, Schools and Community Organizations from September 2019 to present, Harry Chapin Memorial Run Against Hunger volunteer and Board Member from March 2022 to present. Veronica also has depth of leadership experience based on her service as Senior Manager of Financial Services in Ernst & Young’s Bangalore offices between January 2010 and July 2012, during which time she managed a staff of over 250; conducted recruitment, training, yearly budget and staffing projections, review of compensation, and was recognized for “Exceptional Client Service” in her first year of leading the India practice.
Gregory F. Ugalde, Director
Gregory is the President and Chief Legal Officer of T&M Building Co, Inc., based out of Torrington, CT, where he is responsible for company operations related to home building and land development, a role he has held since April 1994. He has specific experience with legal issues associated with home building and the formation of community developments. His prior experience includes founding legal practices associated with all aspects of land use and development. Gregory is also founder and owner of GFU Investments, LLC, a multifaceted builder and developer of minority-owned businesses concentrating on urban development and affordable housing in Connecticut’s cities. In addition to service as Chairman of the National Association of Home Builders (“NAHB”) in 2019, he has served the NAHB in numerous capacities, including NAHB Immediate Past Chairman 2020-2021, NAHB Board of Directors since 2003, Legal Action Committee and Legal Action Network for Development Strategies from 2000 - 2020, Green Building Task Force 2010-2013, and NAHB Budget and Finance Committee Chair and Vice Chair during 2017 chairman and 2014, respectively.
Zvi Yemini, Director
Zvi is an entrepreneur, industrialist, inventor and community activist from Israel, and the founder of The ZAG Industries, Ltd., Hydro Industry and Polymer Logistics. Zvi has experience with many public companies, including as chairperson of TechCare Ltd, a company formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange, between September 2021 to the present. He also began serving on the board of Skenkar Design College beginning in January 2012, and served as chairperson between September 2014-September 2017, as well as on the board of YMY Industries Ltd. on December 1998. Zvi also served as a director of The Peres Center for Peace from September 2000-September 2017. He also has served on the board of Nanomedic Technology Ltd. since November 2018. He serves as partner and investor to several additional companies that are involved in innovative developments in the fields of medicine, electronics, nanoparticles and ignition.
Kyle Denman, Senior Engineer
Kyle is the senior engineer spearheading development of the BOXABL technology, and joined BOXABL in 2017 following first working with Paolo at Supercar System, where he started in 2016. A graduate in Mechanical Engineering from Stonybrook University, he holds over 20 civil engineering and automotive mechanical patents. Kyle has been swinging a hammer since he was 12 years old for his family-owned construction company and brings a deep understanding of all field issues with the industry combined with substantial engineering skills.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
By complying with all requirements of his probation and state law, on August 21, 2023, the Superior Court in the County of Lake agreed to dismiss the convictions and vacated the pleas of Galiano Tiramani’s nolo contendere. The dismissal of the conviction and vacating of the pleas stemmed from a “Nolo Plea” entered on July 10, 2019 in the Superior Court of California (County of Lake) resulting in a conviction of a misdemeanor for possession of marijuana for sale under California’s Health and Safety Code Section 11359 (“HS 11359”) by Mr. Tiramani, who currently serves as Chief Marketing Officer and as a Director on the Company’s Board of Directors.
Corporate Governance
On June 16, 2023, the Company’s controlling stockholders elected five new and independent members to the Board of Directors. Effective February 7, 2024, one of those directors resigned his directorship and has not been replaced to date. Each of the remaining directors are identified in our table of executive officers and directors (above). In 2024, the Board held 4 meetings. No director attended fewer than 75% of the aggregate of the total number of Board meetings and committee meetings. The Company does not have a policy pertaining to the attendance of Board members at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders. Paolo Tiramani and Galiano Tiramani, as controlling stockholders, waived the annual meeting and signed a stockholder consent electing the current members of the Board on May 1, 2023.
The Board is now comprised of a majority of independent directors, indicated above, as determined under the listing standards of the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a) - (e). As described in more detail below, our independent directors also serve on the Company’s Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees.
Board Leadership Structure and Roles in Risk Oversight
Currently, the Board does not have a Chairman, although Paolo Tiramani, the Company’s CEO, also serves as a Director. While no single leadership model is right for all companies and at all times, the Board recognizes that, depending on the circumstances, other leadership models, such as the appointment of a lead independent director, may be appropriate. Accordingly, the Board may periodically review its leadership structure. In addition, the Board holds sessions in which only independent directors are present.
Our Board is responsible for the oversight of corporate risk in its review and deliberations relating to our activities. Our Audit Committee’s Charter (see below) gives the Audit Committee the authority to discuss with management risks faced by the Company, including the policies, guidelines and process by which management assesses and manages such risks. Risk is inherent in every business. As is the case in virtually all businesses, we face a number of risks, including those described in our offering statement relating to our offering in reliance on Regulation A under “Risk Factors” (Commission File No. 024-12402). Our management is responsible for the day-to-day management of the risks we face.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Company’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of Paolo Tiramani, Galiano Tiramani, Zvi Yemini, and Gregory Ugalde. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things:
● Identifying individuals qualified to become directors consistent with criteria approved by the Board and recommend to the Board the qualified candidates for directorships to be filled by the Board or by the stockholders;
● Overseeing the evaluation of the Board and key management;
● Developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance principles applicable to the Company;
● Oversight of the Company’s practices and strategy as it pertains to the following (each of which may be considered an ESG mandate):
◌ Workforce health and safety;
◌ Human capital management;
◌ Energy efficiency and the environmental impact of the Company’s homebuilding process;
◌ Home affordability, business ethics and compliance; and
◌ Data privacy and protection.
In 2024, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held 4 meetings. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter was included as Appendix A to the Company’s definitive information statement pursuant to Section 14(c) of the Exchange Act, filed with the SEC on September 9, 2024 (the “Information Statement”). In considering qualified candidates to serve on the Board, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee seeks to assemble a Board that brings together a variety of skills derived from high quality business and professional experience.
Due to the structure of the Company’s voting power, the Company does not believe a policy for the consideration of director candidates recommended by stockholders is necessary. Paolo Tiramani holds a supermajority vote based on his 73.8% ownership of Common Stock, and combined with the 26% voting power held by Galiano Tiramani, the Tiramanis effectively control 99.8% of the Company’s total voting power.
Compensation Committee
Our Compensation Committee is comprised of David Cooper, Veronica Nkwodimmah Stanaway, Gregory Ugalde and Zvi Yemini. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:
● Determining corporate goals and objectives relevant to the non-independent directors and other executive officers;
● Determining the compensation of all executive officers and non-independent directors based upon their performance relative to the established goals and objectives;
● Monitoring incentive and equity-based compensation plans; and
● Preparation of any required annual report on executive compensation.
In 2024, the Compensation Committee held 4 meetings. The Compensation Committee Charter was included as Appendix B to the Information Statement. The Compensation Committee approved each executive officer’s 2024 compensation. For information regarding executive officer participation in deliberations regarding compensation, see “Compensation and Insider Participation,” below.
Audit Committee
Our Audit Committee is comprised of David Cooper, Veronica Nkwodimmah Stanaway, and Gregory Ugalde. The Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things:
● Assisting the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to:
◌ The integrity of the Company’s consolidated financial statements;
◌ The Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
◌ The qualifications and independence of the Company’s Independent Auditor; and
◌ The performance of the Company’s internal audit function and independent auditor; and
● Preparation of any required annual report of the Audit Committee.
Ms. Stanaway qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, as that term is defined under SEC rules, and possesses financial sophistication as defined under Nasdaq rules. In 2024, the Audit Committee held 4 meetings. The Audit Committee Charter was included as Appendix C to the Information Statement.
Audit Committee Report
This report of the Audit Committee is required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and, in accordance with the SEC’s rules, will not be deemed to be part of or incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Annual Report into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ( the “Exchange Act”), except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and will not otherwise be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” under either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
The principal purpose of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in its general oversight of the Company’s accounting practices, system of internal controls, audit processes and financial reporting processes. The Audit Committee is responsible for appointing and retaining our independent auditor and pre-approving the audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditor. The Audit Committee’s function is more fully described in its Charter.
Our management is responsible for the Company’s financial statements and the financial reporting process, including the systems of internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures. Our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, Marcum LLP, is responsible for performing an independent audit of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and for issuing a report thereon.
The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 with management and with Marcum LLP. The Audit Committee has also discussed with Marcum LLP the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB and the SEC. In addition, the Audit Committee received the written disclosures and the letter from Marcum LLP required by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Marcum LLP’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with Marcum LLP its independence.
Based on the review and discussions described above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited financial statements be included in this Annual Report.
Members of the Audit Committee who approved this report:
David R. Cooper II
Veronica Nkwodimmah Stanaway
Gregory F. Ugalde
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to all of its employees, executive officers, including its chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller, and directors. The Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is included as Exhibit 14.1 hereto.
Insider Trading Policy and Prohibited Trading Activities
Our executive officers and directors are subject to a company-wide policy that prohibits short sales involving a BOXABL security, trading in derivatives of a BOXABL security, hedging or monetization transactions, including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars or exchange funds, and a prohibition against holding BOXABL securities in a margin account or pledged as collateral for a loan. Our policy has been included as Appendix D to the Information Statement.
Communications with the Board of Directors
The Company’s stockholders or other interested party may contact the Board members individually or as a group by writing to the Client Relations Manager at BOXABL Inc., 5345 E. N. Belt Road, North Las Vegas, NV 89115, with a request to forward the communication to the intended recipient or recipients. In general, any stockholder communication delivered to the Director of Client Relations for forwarding to the Board or specified Board member or members will be forwarded in accordance with the stockholder’s instructions. However, the Director of Client Relations reserves the right not to forward to Board members any abusive, threatening, or otherwise inappropriate materials. Information regarding the submission of comments or complaints relating to our accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters can be found on our website at https://www.BOXABL.com/contact-us.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) require our directors, executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of our Common Stock, Non-Voting Series A Preferred Stock, Non-Voting Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock, and Non-Voting Series A-3 Preferred Stock to file reports of their ownership and changes in ownership of our Common Stock with the SEC. Based solely on our review of the reports filed during 2024, we determined that no director, executive officer, or beneficial owner of more than 10% of our Common Stock failed to file a report on a timely basis during 2024.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The following discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements should be read with the compensation tables and related disclosures set forth below. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans and expectations regarding future compensation programs. The actual compensation programs that we adopt may differ materially from the programs summarized in this discussion.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company compensated our three highest-paid executive officers as follows:
(In Thousands)
Name and principal position
Year
Salary
($)
Bonus
($)
Stock awards
($)(4) Option awards
($)
Non-equity incentive plan compen- sation
($)
Non-qualified deferred compensation earnings ($)
All other compensation ($)(1)
Total ($)
Paolo Tiramani,
$
$
$
$
Chief Executive Officer
$
$
$
Galiano Tiramani,
$
$
$ (2)
$
Chief Marketing Officer
$
$
$ (2)
$
Martin Noe Costas,
(3)
$
$
$ 10,000
$
$ 10,488
Chief Financial Officer
(3)
$ (3)
$
$ 5,714
$
$ 5,958
(1) Excludes all amounts paid by the Company to Build IP, LLC as part of its licensing agreement. Build IP, LLC became a subsidiary of BOXABL on June 15, 2023, and the licensing agreement is now void.
(2) Composed of $0 and $49,000 in 2024 and 2023, respectively, for costs for security equipment and installation for the Chief Marketing Officer and his family to address safety concerns due to specific threats arising directly as a result of his position with the Company, and $7,000 and $9,000 in 2024 and 2023, respectively, for costs related to use of the Company’s vehicle.
(3) Reflects compensation to Mr. Costas during 2024 and 2023, which employment commenced October 2, 2023. For a complete description of his employment agreement, see Employment Agreements with Key Executives.
(4) Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of 12,500,000 and 7,142,857 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), granted in 2024 and 2023, respectively, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. This amount does not reflect the actual economic value realized by the named executive officer. For additional information see the table Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End (below).
Principal Elements of Compensation
The compensation of the Company’s executive officers comprises of the following major elements: (a) base salary; (b) an annual, discretionary cash bonus; (c) long-term equity incentives, consisting of stock options, restricted stock awards, performance compensation awards and/or other applicable awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”) and any other equity plan that may be approved by the Board from time to time, and (d) perquisites. These principal elements of compensation are described below.
Base Salaries
Base salary is provided as a fixed source of compensation for our executive officers. Adjustments to base salaries will be reviewed annually and as warranted throughout the year to reflect promotions or other changes in the scope of breadth of an executive officer’s role or responsibilities, as well as to maintain market competitiveness.
Annual Bonuses
Annual bonuses may be awarded based on qualitative and quantitative performance standards and will reward performance of our executive officers individually. The determination of an executive officer’s performance may vary from year to year depending on economic conditions and conditions in the housing industry and may be based on measures such as stock price performance, the meeting of financial targets against budget, the meeting of acquisition objectives and balance sheet performance.
Perquisites
In approving perquisites to our executive officers, the Compensation Committee considers a number of factors, including the use of the perquisite in connection with the Company’s marketing efforts via social media in addition to the executive officer’s personal use.
The Compensation Committee approved each executive officer’s 2024 compensation. See “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance - Corporate Governance - Compensation Committee.
Employment Agreements with Key Executives
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company entered into employment agreements with our CEO, Paolo Tiramani, and Director of Marketing, Galiano Tiramani. Under the terms of the agreements, each will receive an annual base salary of $595,000, which may be modified at the discretion of the Board. They will both be eligible for an annual bonus determined in the sole discretion of the Board and based, in part, on the performance of the executive and of the Company during the calendar year. The bonus is not earned until paid, and if terminated prior to payment will not be pro-rated. The agreements also provide for vacation at the discretion of the executive subject to the Company’s demands, reimbursement of business expenses, and use of Company employees for tasks outside the course and scope of that employee’s employment with a provision for reimbursement of the Company at the employee’s current hourly rate. Other benefits include personal security services, including assignment of security personnel, for the executives and their immediate families, and an automobile for the executive’s personal and business use with maintenance, insurance and gas paid for by the Company. The agreements also provide for the executives to field test Company products and product components in their personal homes. The agreements provide for at-will employments and will terminate upon death or upon fourteen days written notice from the Company in the event of disability.
Mr. Costas has an at-will employment agreement under which he receives a salary of $325,000 per year and a stock grant (subject to vesting period and other terms and conditions described below), and received a relocation benefit of $28,000 in 2023. The $10.0 million grant to Mr. Costas in 2024 consists of a total of 12,500,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) granted under the Company’s Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. The $5.7 million stock grant to Mr. Costas in 2023 consists of a total of7,142,857 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) granted under the Company’s Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. The 2024 RSUs will fully vest on December 24, 2027 and the 2023 RSUs will fully vest on October 2, 2026. In each case, the RSUs will become subject to monetization once fully vested and upon the first to occur of (i) a time at which the Company tenders for and successfully acquires the RSUs, (ii) the date of the closing of a transaction (or series of transactions) that results in a “change of control” of the Company; or (iii) the first trading day that is on or after the expiration of the “lock up” period after the effective date of the initial underwritten sale of the Company’s equity securities to the public on an established securities market (collectively, a “Qualifying Transaction”). The RSUs will be settled in shares of the Company’s Common Stock and a cash payment made in a single sum within fifteen business days after the closing of a Qualifying Transaction. If Mr. Costas’ employment terminates for any reason prior to a Qualifying Transaction, such termination will result in the immediate cancellation and lapse of the RSUs. In the event of termination for cause after a Qualifying Transaction but prior to payment, he will not be entitled to payment. For details see Exhibits 10.18, 10.19 and 10.21 to this Annual Report.
Equity Incentive Plan
On October 4, 2021, the Board authorized, and the stockholders approved, the Company’s Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which allows for the award of Options to purchase Common Stock, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), and Stock Grants. In October 2024, the Company further amended its Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the Plan, among other items. As of December 31, 2024, the Plan had 550,000,000 shares available for issuance. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had granted 507,042 and 1,357,142 stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock, respectively, of which 0 and 939,000 vested immediately upon issuance. The remainder vest over periods ranging from 28 to 36 months and expire ten years from the date of grant. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 126,500,031 RSUs and 54,357,244 RSUs, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, 173,571,508 RSUs were outstanding. For fiscal year 2023, 60,500,072 RSUs were outstanding.
The Plan provides continual motivation for our officers, employees, consultants and non-employee directors (the “Participants”) to achieve our business and financial objectives and align their interests with the long-term interests of our shareholders. The Plan also provides an incentive to attract, retain and reward certain employees, non-employee directors, and consultants to the Company or an Affiliate. The Plan is administered by the Board of Directors, and awards are made by the Board in its sole discretion. The Board has delegated to the Compensation Committee the authority to administer the Plan. As Plan Administrator, the Compensation Committee has the authority to interpret the Plan, to prescribe, amend, and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, to provide for conditions and assurances deemed necessary or advisable to protect the interest of the Company, and to make all other determinations necessary for the administration of the Plan to the extent not contrary to the express provisions of the Plan.
Stock option grants generally have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant and expire ten years from the grant date unless an earlier time is set in the award agreement. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors also has discretion to set terms for vesting, performance goals or other conditions precedent to the exercise of the stock option. If the Participant’s employment or services is terminated for cause all unexercised stock options immediately lapse even if vested; otherwise, participants have three months following termination of employment to exercise vested options. Incentive stock option grants to holders of 10% or more of the Company’s combined voting power of all classes of the Company’s securities will have an exercise price not less than 110% of the fair market value on the date of grant and shall be exercisable for no more than five years from the date of grant.
Compensation of Directors
(In Thousands)
Name Year Fees earned or paid in cash ($)(1)
Stock awards ($)(2)
Option awards ($) Non-equity incentive plan compensation ($) Nonqualified deferred compensation earnings
($)
All other compensation ($) Total ($)
Paolo Tiramani $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
$ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Galiano Tiramani $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
$ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
David R. Cooper II $ 40 $ 200 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 240
$ 40 $ 46 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86
Veronica Nkwodimmah
Stanaway $ 40 $ 200 $ $ $ $ $ 240
$ 40 $ 46 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86
Gregory F. Ugalde $ 40 $ 200
$ $ $ $ 240
$ 40 $ 46 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86
Christopher J. Valasek (3) $ 40 $ 200 $ $ $ $ $ 240
$ 40 $ 46 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86
Zvi Yemini $ 40 $ 200 $ $ $ $ $ 240
$ 40 $ 46 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86
(1) In June 2023, five new, independent directors were elected by the majority stockholders and fees for 2023 reflect compensation for a partial year of service. Upon joining the Company each director entered into a participation agreement with the Company providing for $40,000 in annual cash compensation and grants of RSUs, as determined from time to time.
(2) Represents initial grants in 2023 of 57,143 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to each director and grants in 2024 of 250,000 RSUs to each director. Each RSU represents the right to receive, upon vesting, one share of Common Stock under the Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. The 2024 RSUs vest on a quarterly basis, and become subject to monetization upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Transaction. The 2023 RSUs vested upon issuance of the stock grants. However, the underlying Common Stock shall not be issued, but deferred until the “Distribution Date,” which is defined as the earlier of five (5) business days following the date on which the Grantee ceases to be a Director of the Company or the date of the consummation of a Qualifying Transaction. In the case of both the 2024 and 2023 grants, the portion of any unvested RSUs will be forfeited upon termination of service as a Director to the Company, and such portion shall be cancelled by the Company. Upon termination of service as a Director of the Company by reason of death or disability, the portion of RSUs awarded that is not vested and unrestricted as of that date shall immediately vest and become unrestricted.
(3) Mr. Valasek served as a director of the Company until his resignation on February 7, 2025.
Under the terms of the directors’ participation agreements, awards of Restricted Stock Units will be revisited as terms of service mature. Each non-employee director is entitled to reimbursement for reasonable expenses relating to his or her service on the Board and any committee, including travel, meals, and other related expenses.
Compensation Committee and Insider Participation
From January 1 through June 16, 2023, the Company did not have a compensation committee or any other committee performing equivalent functions of a compensation committee. Paolo Tiramani, our Chief Executive Officer, and Galiano Tiramani, Director of Marketing, each in his capacity as a Director serving on the Board, participated in deliberations of the Board concerning executive officer compensation and were employed by the Company. Beginning June 16, 2023, the Company’s Compensation Committee was established. Our CEO and Director of Marketing are not members of the Compensation Committee and no longer participate in deliberations concerning executive officer compensation.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
Stock Options
Stock Awards
Name
Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) exercisable (1)
Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) unexercisable (1)
Equity incentive plan awards: Number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options (#)
Option exercise price ($)
Option expiration date
Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested (#)
Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested ($)
Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested (#) (1)
Equity incentive plan awards: Market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested ($) (2)
Paolo Tiramani
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Galiano Tiramani
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Martin Noe Costas
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19,642,858 (3)
$ 15,714,286
(1) All equity awards reported in this table were granted pursuant to the Company’s Amended 2021 Stock Incentive Plan.
(2) The Company does not have an active trading market for its securities. Accordingly, value reported in this column is based on grant date value in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.
(3) This is comprised of the 2023 award of 7,142,858 RSUs and 2024 award of 12,500,000 RSUs, subject to vesting conditions. See “Employment Agreements with Key Executives” for a discussion of Mr. Costas RSU grants
Long-Term Incentive Plans
There are no arrangements or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The following table displays, as of December 31, 2024, the voting securities beneficially owned by (1) any individual director or officer who beneficially owns more than 5% of any class of our capital stock entitled to vote, (2) all executive officers and directors as a group and (3) any other holder who beneficially owns more than 5% of any class of our capital stock entitled to vote:
Title of class
Name and address of beneficial owner
Amount and nature of beneficial ownership
Amount and nature of beneficial ownership acquirable
Percent of class
Common Stock
Paolo Tiramani(1)
2,213,755,800 shares of Common Stock (2)
-
73.8 %
Common Stock
Galiano Tiramani(1)
779,389,600 shares of Common Stock (3)(4)
-
26.0 %
Common Stock
Officers and Directors as a Group
2,993,145,400 shares of Common Stock (5)
-
99.8 %
(1) C/O BOXABL INC., 5345 E. No. Belt Rd., North Las Vegas, NV, 89115.
(2) Includes 1,087,800,000 shares of Common Stock owned by the Paolo Tiramani 2020 Family Gift Trust.
(3) Includes 397,800,000 shares of Common Stock owned by the Galiano Tiramani 2020 Family Gift Trust and 2,500K shares of Common Stock owned by the Dechomai Asset Trust.
(4) Includes 5,633,800 Non-Qualified Stock Options owned by spouse that are fully vested, have an exercise price of $0.071 and expire October 4, 2031.
(5) Does not include 57,143 shares of Common Stock underlying Restricted Stock Units that vested for each of the five directors granted on July 1, 2023 but where the issuance of shares is deferred until the Distribution Date, amounting to a total of 285,715 shares of Common Stock. Also, does not include 250,000 shares of Common Stock underlying Restricted Stock Units that were awarded to each of the five directors granted on December 24, 2024, but subject to quarterly vesting and deferred issuance, amounting to a total of 1,250,000 shares of Common Stock. For details regarding vesting terms, see Compensation of Directors and Officers - Compensation of Directors.

---

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.
The following transactions were approved by the full Board of Directors that were serving at the time of approval. The Board is aware of the other commitments and interests of its members when determining whether to approve of any related party transaction.
Intellectual Property License Agreement and Merger of BOXABL with Affiliated Company
On June 16, 2020, and subsequently amended in November 2021, BOXABL entered into an exclusive license agreement with Build IP, a subsidiary of 500 Group, which is controlled by BOXABL’s founder and CEO, Paolo Tiramani. Pursuant to the license agreement, BOXABL will pay a license fee of 1% of the net selling price generated from the sale of its Casitas to Build IP. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, $110,000 and $20,000 were recorded as royalty expense in BOXABL’s consolidated financial statements accompanying this Annual Report. On June 15, 2023, the Company engaged in an all-stock statutory merger with 500 Group in which the Company exchanged 37,500,000 shares of its Non-Voting Series A-2 Preferred Stock for 500 Group’s 100 outstanding shares of Common Stock in a transaction valued at $30.0 million. As a result of this merger, 500 Group and Build IP are wholly owned by BOXABL, and their assets, including the intellectual property held by Build IP, are now owned by BOXABL. Accordingly, the license agreement between BOXABL and Build IP is now void. For details, see Exhibit 10.7 to this Annual Report.
Supercar System, Inc. Services Agreement
Effective as of January 1, 2023, the Company and Supercar System entered into a services agreement under which the Company will provide, or will cause third parties to provide, employee services in connection with Supercar System’s business. Supercar System will be required to reimburse the Company for the value of the time spent by a BOXABL employee rendering services to Supercar System based on that employee’s wages at the Company and for the fair market value of any goods or materials consumed in the course of performing such services. The Company can decline requests by Supercar System for any good faith reason. Supercar System is controlled by the Company’s CEO, Paolo Tiramani. As of December 31, 2024, Supercar System had a balance due to BOXABL of $5,700 related to payroll costs. This amount was settled on February 28, 2025. For more details, see also Exhibit 10.14 to this Annual Report.
Supercar System, Inc. Lease Agreement
Pursuant to an agreement dated April 12, 2023, but effective as of January 1, 2023, the Company will lease to Supercar System 11,970 square feet located in the Company’s main property located at 5435 E. N. Belt Road, Las Vegas, Nevada for $7,000 per month. The agreement terminates December 31, 2026 unless otherwise amended in writing by the parties, and the Company retains the right to unilaterally terminate the agreement upon thirty days written notice. Supercar System is controlled by the Company’s CEO, Paolo Tiramani. See Exhibit 10.15 to this Annual Report.
Provision of Professional Services to our CEO and Majority Stockholder
Pursuant to Paolo Tiramani’s employment agreement, BOXABL occasionally provides professional services to the majority shareholder and CEO for work outside of BOXABL’s core business. The amount paid to the Company totaled $5,540 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Director Independence
For information concerning our independent directors, see above Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

---

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
For the years ended
(In Thousands)
December 31,
(1)
December 31,
(2)
Audit fees (2)
$
$
Audit-related fees (3)
$
$
Tax fees (4)
$
$ -
All other fees (5)
$ -
$ -
Total fees
$
$
(1) The Company engaged Marcum LLP as the Company’s independent accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2024. Previously, the Company had engaged dbbmckennon as the Company’s independent accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
(2) Audit fees consist of the fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and review of financial statements in our Form 10-Q or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
(3) Audit-related fees consist of the fees billed in each of the last two fiscal year for assurance and related services by the principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported under “Audit fees.”
(4) Tax fees comprise fees billed for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. These services include tax preparation and filing.
(5) All other fees comprise fees for products and services provided by the principal accountant other than those specified in audit, audit-related and tax fees.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.
We have filed the following documents as part of the Form 10-K:
1. Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or the required information is otherwise included.
3. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit
Description
Form
File No.
Exhibit
Filing Date
Filed Herewith
3.1
Sixth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
8-K
000-56579
3.1
October 18, 2024
3.2
Bylaws
1-A POS
024-11419
2.2
September 19, 2022
9.1
Voting Trust Agreement*
10-Q
000-56579
9.1
August 19, 2024
10.1
Facilities Lease Agreement
1-A POS
024-11419
6.2
September 19, 2022
10.2
Initial Purchase Orders and Related Agreements
1-A POS
024-11419
6.4
September 19, 2022
10.3
Form of Room Module Order Agreement
1-A POS
024-11419
6.5
September 19, 2022
10.4
Amended 2021 BOXABL Inc. Stock Incentive Plan
8-K
000-56579
10.4
October 18, 2024
10.5
Employment Agreement of Paolo Tiramani+
10-12G
000-56579
10.6
August 10, 2023
10.6
Employment Agreement of Galiano Tiramani+
10-12G
000-56579
10.7
August 10, 2023
10.7
Merger Agreement
10-12G
000-56579
10.8
August 10, 2023
10.8
Purchase Agreement with Pronghorn Services LLC
10-12G
000-56579
10.9
August 10, 2023
10.9
Amendment No. 1 to Facilities Lease Agreement
10-12G
000-56579
10.10
August 10, 2023
10.10
Amendment No. 2 to Facilities Lease Agreement
10-12G
000-56579
10.11
August 10, 2023
10.11
Amendment No. 3 to Facilities Lease Agreement
10-12G
000-56579
10.12
August 10, 2023
10.12
Amendment No.4 to Facilities Lease Agreement
10-Q
000-56579
10.12
November 12, 2024
10.13
Lease Agreement for Second Manufacturing Facility
10-12G
000-56579
10.13
August 10, 2023
10.14
Supercar System, Inc. Services Agreement
10-12G
000-56579
10.15
August 10, 2023
10.15
Supercar System, Inc. Lease Agreement
10-12G
000-56579
10.16
August 10, 2023
10.16
Form of Award for Employees
X
10.17
Form of Award for Directors
X
10.18
Martin Noe Costas Offer Letter+
8-K
000-56579
10.1
October 13, 2023
10.19
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between the Company and Martin Noe Costas *
8-K
000-56579
10.2
October 13, 2023
10.20
Punnet Construction Purchase Contract
X
10.21
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between the Company and Martin Noe Costas *
X
10.22
Form of Award for Consultants
X
14.1
Code of Ethics
10-K
000-56579
14.1
April 1, 2024
23.1
Consent of Marcum LLP
X
31.1
Certification of Paolo Tiramani, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
X
31.2
Certification of Martin Noe Costas, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
X
32.1
Certification of Paolo Tiramani, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
X
32.2
Certification of Martin Noe Costas, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
X
* Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.