EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1708341
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1708341_10-K_2022_0001213900-22-029764.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Overview of Business
Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “AESE” and the “Company” refer to Allied Esports Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
The Company operates a premier public esports and entertainment company, consisting of the Allied Esports business. On July 12, 2021, the Company completed its sale of its business comprising the World Poker Tour (or “WPT”) for gross proceeds of approximately $106 million.
The rapid growth and popularity of gaming and esports during the COVID-19 pandemic has driven interest in the Company’s esports business, Allied Esports. In January 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors decided to explore strategic options for the esports business in order to maximize value to its stockholders, including a possible sale of such business. If the Company pursues and ultimately completes a sale of the esports business, the Company expects to proceed (likely under a new name) as a publicly traded holding company focused on using its cash resources to explore opportunities in online entertainment, including but not limited to, real money gaming and other gaming sectors. However, the Company does not plan to limit itself to any particular industry or geographic location in its efforts to identify prospective target businesses. Currently, the Company does not have any specific merger, asset acquisition, reorganization or other business combination under consideration or contemplation.
Currently, the Company is utilizing its experience operating the WPT business to operate the Allied Esports business, based on WPT’s success in the following three pillars:
● in-person experiences;
● developing multiplatform content; and
● providing interactive services.
Gaming is one of the largest and fastest growing markets in the entertainment sector, with an estimated 3.1 billion gamers globally, and esports is the major driver of this growth. Esports, short for “electronic sports,” is a general label that comprises a diverse offering of competitive electronic games that gamers play against each other. Some of the popular esports games currently being played include Fortnite, League of Legends, Dota 2, Counter-Strike, Call of Duty, Overwatch and FIFA. Although you can play games on your own against the computer or console, one of the ways esports is different than the video games of old is the community and spectator nature of esports, whereby competitive play against another person - either one-on-one or in teams - that is viewed by an online and in-person audience, is a central feature of esports. Since players play against each other online, a global network of players and viewers has developed as these players compete against each other worldwide. Additionally, game developers have greatly increased the watchability of games, which has made the spectator aspect of gaming much more prevalent and further drives expansion of the gaming market. The expanded reach of high-speed Internet service and the computer technology advances in the last decade have also greatly accelerated the growth of esports. Esports has now become so popular that many colleges offer scholarships in esports and the best-known esports teams are receiving mainstream sponsorships and are being bought or invested in by celebrities, athletes and professional sports teams. The highest profile esports gamers have significant online audiences as they stream themselves playing against other players online and potentially can generate millions of dollars in sponsorship money and subscription fees from their online streaming channels. It is projected that by 2023, 646 million people will be watching esports globally, and that global esports revenue will grow to approximately $1.6 billion.
WPT successfully implemented a three-pillar strategy for over 16 years of its 18-year history. We believe this model can continue and also be applied to Allied Esports and the esports industry over time. Allied Esports intends to use those same pillars - in-person experiences, multiplatform content, and interactive services - independently and in connection with its strategic partners. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption in our long-term growth plans for Allied Esports, and although our long-term strategy remains to fully implement the three-pillar strategy, we are currently focused on continuing our in-person experiences at our current arenas and developing multiplatform content.
In June 2019, Allied Esports entered into a series of strategic transactions with Simon Equity Development, LLC and its affiliates (collectively, “Simon”), a global leader in the ownership of premier shopping, dining, entertainment, and mixed-use destinations, pursuant to which Allied Esports organized and staged an esports event program called the Simon Cup at certain Simon shopping centers in the U.S. and online. In January 2020, Allied Esports entered into a strategic partnership with Brookfield Property Partners, one of the world’s premier real estate companies, in which Allied Esports will develop integrated esports experience venues at mutually agreed upon shopping malls owned and/or operated by Brookfield or its affiliates that will include a dedicated gaming space and production capabilities to attract and to activate esports and other emerging live events. In connection with the foregoing partnership, Brookfield made a $5 million equity investment into the Company. As a result of the adverse effects that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the short-term operations and plans of Allied Esports, Allied Esports and its strategic partners are delaying further execution on their strategic plans.
In-person Experiences
Allied Esports will continue delivering first-in-class live experiences to customers at Allied Esports’ branded properties worldwide. Starting with the flagship esports arena, the HyperX Arena Las Vegas, the AE Studios in Germany, and its affiliate arenas in Australia, Allied Esports offers esports fans state-of-the-art facilities to compete against other players in esports competitions, host live events with esports superstars that potentially stream to millions of viewers worldwide, produce and distribute incredible esports content with its on-site production facilities and studios and provide an attractive facility for hosting corporate events, tournaments, game launches or other events. Additionally, Allied Esports has two mobile esports arenas, which are 18-wheel semi-trailers that convert into first class esports arenas and competition stages with full content production capabilities and interactive talent studios. Through this worldwide network of properties, Allied Esports believes it can offer customers an unmatched ability to participate in simultaneous global esports events and offer sponsors and partners a truly scalable global platform and audience to promote their businesses and products. Allied Esports’ flagship HyperX Arena Las Vegas serves as a marquee destination for esports fans globally and has become one of the most recognized esports venues in the world.
Flagship Arena. In March 2018, Allied Esports opened its first flagship arena, the HyperX Arena Las Vegas, at the Luxor Casino on the Vegas strip, whose pyramid is one of the most visible landmarks in Las Vegas. This arena has 80 to 100 gaming stations, two bars, food service, private rooms, a production facility, and space for up to 1,000 people for events. The arena is custom-built for esports tournaments and has a broadcast-ready television studio to broadcast live events and produce content. Allied Esports monetizes the arena through renting the space for live events; merchandise sales; daily usage fees from day-to-day gamers using the gaming stations; tournament entry and player venue fees; food and beverage; and sponsorship (i.e., our HyperX naming rights relationship).
Affiliate Arenas. One of Allied Esports’ strategic advantages is its global network of esports arena partners, which enables it to host events and promote competitions around the world, with those competitions culminating in live events held at the flagship arena in Las Vegas. Allied Esports achieves this through its Affiliate Program, which consists of strategic partnerships with third-party esports operators around the globe. Allied Esports generally charges these affiliates an upfront fee and a minimal annual revenue share of gross revenue, starting in the second year of the operation of the venue. Allied Esports’ brand visibility and reputation have already resulted in affiliate arrangements with arenas and gaming centers in China and a multi-year agreement with Fortress Esports Pty Ltd, a new gaming, esports and entertainment venue enterprise in Australia, which opened its first affiliate arena in Melbourne in March 2020 and reopened during the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021. This network of affiliate arenas allows Allied Esports to scale its brand penetration worldwide on a rapid basis, driving more gamers into the Allied Esports ecosystem, with minimal costs to Allied Esports. Furthermore, the content that can be produced by these affiliate arenas can be on-sold by Allied Esports, with minimal production costs.
Mobile Arenas. The mobile arenas are 18-wheeler trucks that expand out into fully functional esports arenas with event hosting, broadcasting and production capabilities. The mobility of the trucks makes them ideal for sponsors to reach a large audience in multiple locations at an economical cost. The trucks serve as mobile billboards for potential third-party sponsorship, as well as the Allied Esports brand, providing highly visible brand presence wherever they appear. Allied Esports currently has two mobile arena trucks, with the first truck based in Germany and serving the European market, and a second truck based in Las Vegas and serving the U.S. market.
Multiplatform Content: Leveraging Branded Properties and Strategic Partnerships to Develop Content
Allied Esports’ worldwide network of branded esports properties provides Allied Esports with a platform to potentially develop a significant amount of content to distribute via digital live streams, broadcast and cable, and social media outlets. Allied Esports believes that its arenas will draw top-level esports talent (such as professional streamer Ninja, who was the featured talent at a successful event at Allied Esports’ Las Vegas arena in April 2018) for purposes of hosting events and developing content, which it can distribute live, post-produce into fully-produced episodic content, or repackage for over-the-top streaming platform and social media distribution. Allied Esports intends to monetize the content in multiple ways, including direct sales of the content, sponsorship revenue, and subscription and/or advertising fees for viewers of the content.
We believe Allied Esports’ ecosystem of esports branded properties gives it the reach, reputation and experience to produce world-class live events, in partnership with some of the most prominent names in the esports industry. These live events provide Allied Esports with the material to produce exciting content that can be distributed via three different formats, each of which has its own revenue generation model: live streaming, post-produced episodic content, and short-form repackaged content.
Live Streaming. Live streaming of gaming content grew over 45% year-on-year on Twitch and Facebook Gaming to over 29.3 billion hours watched in 2021 and is the most popular form of esports content delivery channel today, as it offers the best interactive experiences for the audience. Vast improvements in technology and Internet service and speed have made live streaming with large audiences widely available today. Well-known gamers live stream themselves playing their favorite games on any of the popular streaming services (Twitch, YouTube, Facebook Gaming, etc.) to a worldwide audience. The streamers derive revenue from ad sales, sponsorship, subscription fees and gift payments from spectators. Through Allied Esports’ ecosystem of esports arenas, Allied Esports can offer streamers a large platform to put on live events that can be simultaneously streamed on both the streamer’s channels and on Allied Esports’ channels.
Post-Produced Content. Allied Esports intends to develop esports entertainment programming around its live experiences and, using its experienced editing and production teams, create serial, episodic content and segments that tell compelling storylines around its gaming talent, in person experiences, and gaming events around the world. Allied Esports developed this technique through WPT, who took the slow-paced game of poker and dramatized it and created storylines that made for exciting and compelling viewing. This post-produced content can be valuable real estate for sponsors, as Allied Esports can integrate sponsors seamlessly into the show in a way that feels organic to the viewers. Allied Esports can focus on different storylines, create excitement via editing and music inclusion, and generally elevate the production quality from that achievable in a live stream. Allied Esports can then monetize this episodic content via sponsorship, advertising, selling the content itself to third party distributors, or even use it as a marketing tool to drive customers to come to Allied Esports’ branded properties, buy its merchandise or otherwise interact with Allied Esports.
Repackaged Content. The library of content Allied Esports will develop from events can be cut into smaller clips that can be used as marketing and promotion of the Allied Esports brand on social media. Allied Esports can also edit content to create new content, such as “best of” shows, focusing on one particular game as played by multiple well-known streamers, regional shows focusing on talent from a particular country, and so on.
Allied Esports’ global branded esports properties ecosystem will create opportunities for live events which provide material to develop great content, all of which Allied Esports can monetize in multiple ways. The large customer base Allied Esports develops through these in-person experiences, live streams and content distribution will give it a customer base to launch interactive services.
Corporate Organization
Our principal offices are located at 745 Fifth Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10151, and our telephone number at that office is (646) 768-4241.
Allied Esports Entertainment Inc., (“AESE”), formerly known as Black Ridge Acquisition Corp, or “BRAC”, was incorporated in Delaware on May 9, 2017 as a blank check company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
Allied Esports Media, Inc. (“AEM”), a Delaware corporation, was formed in November 2018 to act as a holding company for Allied Esports International Inc. (“Allied Esports”) and immediately prior to close of the Merger (as defined below) to also include Noble Link Global Limited (“Noble Link”). Allied Esports, together with its subsidiaries described below owns and operates the esports-related businesses of AESE. Noble Link (prior to the AEM Merger) and its wholly owned subsidiaries Peerless Media Limited, Club Services, Inc. and WPT Enterprises, Inc. operated the poker-related business of AESE prior to their sale on July 12, 2021, and are collectively referred to herein as “World Poker Tour” or “WPT.” Prior to the Merger, as described below, Noble Link and Allied Esports were subsidiaries of Ourgame International Holdings Limited (“Ourgame”).
On December 19, 2018, BRAC, Noble Link and AEM executed an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (as amended from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”). On August 9, 2019 (the “Closing Date”), Noble Link was merged with and into AEM, with AEM being the surviving entity, which was accounted for as a common control merger (the “AEM Merger”). Further, on August 9, 2019, a subsidiary of AESE merged with AEM pursuant to the Merger Agreement, with AEM being the surviving entity (the “Merger”). The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, and AEM is deemed to be the accounting acquirer. Consequently, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that are reflected in the combined financial statements prior to the Merger are those of Allied Esports and WPT.
The Company operates through its wholly owned subsidiaries Allied Esports International, Inc., (“AEII”), Esports Arena Las Vegas, LLC (“ESALV”) and Allied Esports GmbH (“AEGmbH”). AEII operates global competitive esports properties designed to connect players and fans via a network of connected arenas. ESALV operates a flagship gaming arena located at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. AEGmbH operates a mobile esports truck that serves as both a battleground and content generation hub and also operates a studio for recording and streaming gaming events.
Our fiscal year ends December 31. Neither we nor any of our predecessors have been in bankruptcy, receivership or any similar proceeding.
Regulation
Allied Esports intends to offer subscribers the chance to win cash and prizes when playing esports games and tournaments on the esports gaming platform it intends to develop. Similar to WPT, Allied Esports will be subject to the complicated laws and regulations in various states or countries over sweepstakes, promotions and giveaways. Any negative finding of law regarding the characterization of the type of online activity carried out on the esports gaming platform could limit or prevent Allied Esports’ ability to obtain subscribers in those jurisdictions. In addition, Allied Esports is subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business on the Internet. In addition, laws and regulations relating to user privacy, data collection, retention, electronic commerce, consumer protection, content, advertising, localization, and information security have been adopted or are being considered for adoption by many jurisdictions and countries throughout the world.
Intellectual Property
We believe that to maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace, we must develop and maintain protection of the proprietary aspects of our technology and our intellectual property. We rely on trademarks and other measures to protect our intellectual property, and vigorously defend such intellectual property as necessary (e.g. cease and desist letters directed to infringing third parties).
Allied Esports has one (1) patent in the U.S. related to systems and methods for latency in networked competitive multiplayer gaming that was issued by the UPSTO in July 2020. In addition to the patent, Allied Esports’ intellectual property portfolio includes the following: (1) approximately sixty (60) registered domain names, and (2) approximately twenty-five (25) trademarks, including, but not limited to, “Allied Esports” - which has been filed in the U.S., “Allied Esports” - which bold mark has been filed in China and Europe; The “Allied Esports” logos - which have been filed in the U.S. and Europe; the “Allied Esports Member Property Network” logo - which has been filed in the U.S., China, and Europe; the “Big Betty” logos - which have been registered in Europe; “Esports Superstars” logo - which has been filed in the U.S.; “Legend Series” logo - which has been filed in the U.S. and Europe; the “Allied Esports” emblem - which has been filed in China and Europe, and “Glory Road” - which has been filed in the U.S. Allied Esports updates its intellectual property portfolio from time to time as appropriate.
Competition
The esports gaming industry is competitive. Competitors range from established leagues and championships owned directly, as well as leagues franchised by well-known and capitalized game publishers and developers, interactive entertainment companies, diversified media companies and emerging start-ups. New competitors will likely continue to emerge, and many of these competitors will have greater financial resources than Allied Esports.
Territories
We sell products and services throughout the world.
Employees
As of May 20, 2022, we had approximately 88 employees, including 23 employees that operated under collective-bargaining agreements.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the specific risks described below before making an investment decision. Any of the risks we describe below could cause our business, financial condition, results of operations or future prospects to be materially adversely affected.
The market price of our common stock could decline if one or more of these risks and uncertainties develop into actual events and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or future prospects. Amounts within the “Risk Factors” section are stated in thousands with the exception of share information.
Allied Esports Risk Factors
Allied Esports is subject to risks associated with operating in a rapidly developing industry and a relatively new market.
Many elements of Allied Esports’ business are unique, evolving and relatively unproven. Its business and prospects depend on the continuing development of live streaming of competitive esports gaming. The market for esports gaming competition is relatively new and rapidly developing and is subject to significant challenges. Allied Esports’ business relies upon its ability to grow and garner an active gamer community, and successfully monetize this community through tournament fees, live event ticket sales, and advertising and sponsorships. In addition, Allied Esports’ continued growth depends, in part, on its ability to respond to constant changes in the esports gaming industry, including technological evolution, shifts in gamer trends and demands, introductions of new games, game publisher intellectual property right practices, and industry standards and practices. While change in this industry may be inevitable, and Allied Esports will try to adapt its business model as needed to accommodate change and remain on the forefront of its competitors, Allied Esports may be unsuccessful in doing so and does not provide any guarantees or assurances of success as the industry continues to evolve.
Allied Esports may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.
Allied Esports expects its operating expenses to increase significantly as it continues to expand its marketing efforts and operations in existing and new geographies and vertical markets (including its online esports tournament and gaming subscription platform it intends to develop). In addition, Allied Esports expects to continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses related to being a public company. If its revenue declines or fails to grow at a rate faster than these increases in operating expenses, it will not be able to achieve profitability in future periods. As a result, Allied Esports may generate losses. Allied Esports cannot assure you that it will achieve profitability.
Allied Esports generates a portion of its revenues from advertising and sponsorship. If it fails to attract more advertisers and sponsors to its live events, tournaments or content, or if advertisers or sponsors are less willing to advertise with or sponsor Allied Esports, its revenues may be adversely affected.
Allied Esports generates revenue from advertising and sponsorship, and it expects to further develop and expand its focus on these revenues in the future. These revenues partly depend on the advertisers’ willingness to advertise in the esports gaming industry. If the esports gaming advertising and sponsorship market does not continue to grow, or if Allied Esports is unable to capture and retain a sufficient share of that market, Allied Esports’ ability to achieve profitability may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, with unfavorable economic external factors, sponsors and advertisers may not have enough budget allocations for spending in sponsorship and advertising in esports, which would also lead to an adverse impact on Allied Esports’ revenue stream.
Allied Esports’ business model may not remain effective and it cannot guarantee that its future monetization strategies will be successfully implemented or generate sustainable revenues and profit.
Allied Esports generates revenues from advertising and sponsorship of its live events, its content, the sale of merchandising, and the operation of its esports arenas. Allied Esports has generated, and expects to continue to generate, a substantial portion of revenues using this revenue model in the near term. Although Allied Esports anticipates growth in Allied Esports’ business utilizing this revenue model, there is no guarantee that growth will continue in the future, and the demand for its offerings may change, decrease substantially or dissipate, or it may fail to anticipate and serve esports gamer demands effectively. The COVID-19 outbreak may also continue to cause the demand for our in-person events to reduce and shift demand to online gaming. Allied Esports may determine to enter into new opportunities to expand its business, including online gaming platforms, which may or may not be successful. Any such expansions involve additional risks and costs that could materially and adversely affect its business.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the long-term growth plans of Allied Esports, and we may not be able to implement and grow our three-pillar objectives for long-term success in the near future, or even at all.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption in our long-term growth plans for Allied Esports, and although our long-term strategy remains to fully implement the three-pillar strategy, we are currently focused on continuing our in-person experiences at our current arenas and developing multiplatform content. There is no guarantee that we will be able in the near future or at any point to be able to expand our in-person experience to arenas beyond those in which we are currently operating or develop an esports platform.
We hold and may acquire digital assets that are subject to volatile market prices, impairment and unique risks of loss.
In March 2022, we initiated a roadmap to increase participation and enhance user experiences in our Allied Esports community. As part of the program, we minted our own non-fungible tokens (“NFTs”) and linked them to digital art that we own, license, or otherwise have the right to use. We accepted ether for the NFTs as a form of payment, and may accept ether for our products in the near future, subject to applicable laws. We may hold or sell the ether upon receipt.
The prices of digital assets have been in the past and may continue to be highly volatile due to various associated risks and uncertainties. For example, the prevalence of such assets is a relatively recent trend, and their long-term adoption by investors, consumers, and businesses is unpredictable. Moreover, their lack of a physical form, their reliance on technology for their creation, existence and transactional validation and their decentralization may subject their integrity to the threat of malicious attacks and technological obsolescence. If we hold digital assets and their values decrease relative to our purchase prices, our financial condition may be harmed.
Moreover, digital assets are currently considered indefinite-lived intangible assets under applicable accounting rules, meaning that any decrease in their fair values below our carrying values for such assets at any time subsequent to their acquisition will require us to recognize impairment charges, whereas we may make no upward revisions for any market price increases until a sale, which may adversely affect our operating results in any period in which such impairment occurs. There is no guarantee that future changes in GAAP will not require us to change the way we account for digital assets held by us.
Digital assets, as intangible assets without centralized issuers or governing bodies, have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, cyberattacks or other malicious activities, as well as human errors or computer malfunctions that may result in the loss or destruction of private keys needed to access such assets. While we intend to take all reasonable measures to secure any digital assets, if such threats are realized or the measures or controls we create or implement to secure our digital assets fail, it could result in a partial or total misappropriation or loss of our digital assets, and our financial condition and operating results may be harmed.
At this time, the regulation of digital assets and NFTs remains in an early stage. The extent to which securities laws or other regulations apply or may apply in the future to such assets is unclear at this time. However, on March 9, 2022, the White House issued an Executive Order on Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets proposing, among other things, regulation of digital assets. Future regulation of such assets may increase our compliance costs or adversely impact our business.
Allied Esports’ long-term growth strategy depends on the availability of suitable locations for its proprietary and licensed esports arenas and its ability to open new locations and operate them profitably.
A key element of Allied Esports’ long-term growth strategy is to extend its brand by opening additional flagship arenas throughout the world and licensing the Allied Esports brand to third party esports arena operators, which it believes will provide attractive returns on investment. However, desirable locations may not be available at an acceptable cost. Opening these additional locations will depend upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond Allied Esports’ control, including its ability or the ability of the selected licensee to:
● reach acceptable agreements regarding the lease of the locations;
● comply with applicable zoning, licensing, land use and environmental regulations and orders (including those related to social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic);
● raise or have available an adequate amount of cash or currently available financing for construction and opening costs;
● timely hire, train and retain the skilled management and other employees necessary to meet staffing needs;
● negotiate acceptable terms with any unions representing employees;
● obtain, for acceptable cost, required permits and approvals, including liquor licenses; and
● efficiently manage the amount of time and money used to build and open each new location.
If Allied Esports succeeds in opening new arenas on a timely and cost-effective basis, it may nonetheless be unable to attract enough gamers or spectators to the new location (or to existing locations of affiliated arenas) because its entertainment and menu options might not appeal to them. Failure to do so could have a significant adverse effect on Allied Esports’ overall operating results.
Allied Esports has not entered into definitive license agreements with all game publishers that it currently has relationships with, and it may never do so.
Although Allied Esports has relationships with many game publishers for tournament event and content experiences involving their respective intellectual properties and enters into definitive license agreements with such game publishers from time to time, Allied Esports does not have definitive license agreements in place with all of its game publishers. No assurances can be given as to when or if it will be able to come to agreeable terms with game publishers for any future license agreements. If Allied Esports is unable to come to mutually agreeable terms and enter into definitive license agreements with game publishers, game publishers may unilaterally choose to discontinue its relationship with Allied Esports, thereby preventing Allied Esports from offering tournament event and content experiences using their game intellectual property. Should game publishers choose not to allow Allied Esports to offer tournament event and content experiences involving their intellectual property to Allied Esports’ customers, the popularity of Allied Esports’ tournaments and content may decline, which could materially and adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.
Even if Allied Esports is able to license its brand to third party esports operators, there is a risk that those operators could damage its brand by operating esports arenas that are not at Allied Esports’ standards of operation.
As Allied Esports licenses the Allied Esports brand to third party esports arena operators around the world, it will depend on those operators to run those arenas at a quality level similar to Allied Esports’ owned and operated arenas. Allied Esports’ strategy depends on customers associating the third party esports arenas as part of Allied Esports’ network of affiliated arenas, which it believes will expand its brand recognition and increase customers, revenue, and growth. If Allied Esports’ affiliate arenas are poorly operated, or if those operators fail to use Allied Esports’ name and branding in a manner consistent with Allied Esports’ corporate messaging and branding, or if there are safety issues or other negative occurrences at affiliate arenas, Allied Esports’ name and brand could be significantly damaged, which would make its expansion difficult and materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.
Allied Esports’ long-term growth strategy includes deploying additional mobile arenas in the U.S. and Europe to host its tournaments and events and it must operate them profitably.
A key element of Allied Esports’ long-term growth strategy is to extend its brand by increasing and adding to its portfolio of mobile arenas in the U.S. and Europe, as we believe doing so will provide attractive returns on investment. Adding these mobile arenas will depend upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond Allied Esports’ control, including but not limited to our ability, or the ability of our licensees, to:
● reach acceptable agreements regarding the lease or acquisition of the trucks that are the basis of the mobile arenas;
● comply with applicable zoning, licensing, land use and environmental regulations and orders (including those related to social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic) and obtain required permits and approvals;
● raise or have available an adequate amount of cash or currently available financing for construction of the mobile arenas and the related operational costs;
● timely hire, train and retain the skilled management and other employees necessary to operate the mobile arenas;
● efficiently manage the amount of time and money used to build and operate each new mobile arena; and
● manage the risks of road hazards, accidents, traffic violations, etc. that may impede the operations of the mobile arenas.
The nature of hosting esports events exposes Allied Esports to negative publicity or customer complaints, including in relation to, among other things, accidents, injuries or thefts at the arenas, and health and safety concerns.
Allied Esports’ business of hosting esports events inherently exposes it to negative publicity or customer complaints as a result of accidents, injuries or, in extreme cases, deaths arising from incidents occurring at our arenas, including health, safety or security issues, and quality and service standards. Even isolated or sporadic incidents or accidents may have a negative impact on Allied Esports’ brand image and reputation, the arenas’ popularity with gamers and spectators or the ability to host esports events at all.
Allied Esports’ marketing and advertising efforts may fail to resonate with gamers.
Allied Esports’ live events, tournaments and competitions are marketed through a diverse spectrum of advertising and promotional programs such as online and mobile advertising, marketing through websites, event sponsorship and direct communications with the esports gaming community including via email, blogs and other electronic means. An increasing portion of Allied Esports’ marketing activity is taking place on social media platforms that are either outside, or not totally within, its direct control. Changes to gamer preferences, marketing regulations, privacy and data protection laws, technology changes or service disruptions may negatively impact its ability to reach target gamers. Allied Esports’ ability to market its tournaments and competitions is dependent in part upon the success of these programs.
The esports gaming industry is competitive, and gamers may prefer competitors’ arenas, leagues, competitions or tournaments over those offered by Allied Esports.
The esports gaming industry is competitive. Competitors range from established leagues and championships owned directly, as well as leagues franchised by well-known and capitalized game publishers and developers, interactive entertainment companies, diversified media companies and emerging start-ups. New competitors will likely continue to emerge. Many of these competitors may have greater financial resources than Allied Esports. If Allied Esports’ competitors develop and launch competing arenas, leagues, tournaments or competitions, Allied Esports’ revenue and margins could decline.
Allied Esports may not provide events or tournaments with games or titles for which the esports gaming community is interested.
Allied Esports must attract and retain the popular esports gaming titles in order to maintain and increase the popularity of its live events, leagues, tournaments and competitions. Allied Esports must identify and license popular games that resonate with the esports gamer community on an ongoing basis. Allied Esports cannot assure you that it can attract and license popular esports games from their publishers, and failure to do so would have a material and adverse impact on Allied Esports’ results of operations and financial conditions.
If Allied Esports fails to keep its existing gamers engaged, acquire new gamers and expand interest in its live events, leagues, tournaments and competitions, its business, its ability to achieve profitability and its prospects may be adversely affected.
Allied Esports’ success depends on its ability to maintain and grow the number of gamers attending its live events, tournaments and competitions, and keep its gamers and attendees highly engaged. In order to attract, retain and engage gamers and remain competitive, Allied Esports must continue to develop and expand its live events, leagues, produce engaging tournaments and competitions, and implement new content formats, technologies and strategies to improve its product offerings. There is no assurance it will be able to do so.
A decline in the number of gamers may adversely affect the engagement level of gamers with Allied Esports’ tournament and entertainment platform under development may reduce our revenue opportunities and have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
It is vital to Allied Esports’ operations that its planned online esports tournament and gaming subscriptions platform be responsive to evolving gamer preferences and offer first-tier esports game content and other services that attracts gamers. Allied Esports must also keep providing gamers new features and functions to enable superior content viewing and interaction, or the number of gamers utilizing the platform will likely decline. Any decline in the number of gamers will likely have a material and adverse effect on our operations.
There is no guarantee that Allied Esports will be able to complete its planned online esports tournament and gaming subscription platform, or that such platform once completed will be or remain popular.
Allied Esports cannot assure you that the online esports tournament and gaming subscription platform it intends to develop will be completed in a timely manner or, if completed, become popular with gamers to offset the costs incurred to operate and expand it. This will require substantial costs and expenses. If such increased costs and expenses do not effectively translate into improved gamer engagement, Allied Esports’ results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
If Allied Esports fails to maintain and enhance its brands, its business, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.
Allied Esports believes that maintaining and enhancing its brands is important for its business to succeed by increasing the number of gamers and engagement by the esports community. Since Allied Esports operates in a highly competitive market, brand maintenance and enhancement directly affects its ability to maintain and enhance its market position. As Allied Esports expands, it may conduct various marketing and brand promotion activities using various methods to continue promoting its brands, but it cannot assure you that these activities will be successful. In addition, negative publicity, regardless of its veracity, could harm Allied Esports’ brands and reputation, which may materially and adversely affect Allied Esports’ business, results of operations and prospects.
If Allied Esports fails to anticipate and successfully implement new esports technologies or adopt new business strategies, technologies or methods, its business may suffer.
Rapid technology changes in the esports gaming market requires Allied Esports to anticipate, sometimes years in advance, which technologies it must develop, implement and take advantage of in order to be and remain competitive in the esports gaming market. Allied Esports has invested, and in the future may invest, in new business strategies including its to-be-developed online esports tournament and entertainment subscription platform, technologies, products, or games to engage a growing number of gamers and deliver the best gaming experiences possible. These endeavors involve significant risks and uncertainties, and no assurance can be given that the technology it adopts and the features it pursues will be successful. If Allied Esports does not successfully implement these new technologies, its reputation may be materially adversely affected and its financial condition and operating results may be impacted.
Allied Esports uses third-party services in connection with its business, and any disruption to these services could result in a disruption to its business, negative publicity and a slowdown in the growth of its users, materially and adversely affecting its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Allied Esports’ business depends on services provided by, and relationships with, various third parties, including cloud hosting, server operators, broadband providers, and computing peripheral suppliers, among others. The failure of any of these parties to perform in compliance with our agreements may negatively impact Allied Esports’ business.
Additionally, if such third parties increase their prices, fail to provide their services effectively, terminate their service or agreements or discontinue their relationships with Allied Esports, Allied Esports could suffer service interruptions, reduced revenues, or increased costs, any of which may have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Allied Esports may not be able to procure the necessary permits and licenses to operate its arenas.
Allied Esports must obtain certain permits and licenses, including liquor licenses, to operate its arenas. Often these processes can be expensive and time consuming. There is no guarantee that Allied Esports will be able to obtain such permits and licenses on a timely or cost-effective basis. Any delays could jeopardize the ability of Allied Esports to operate the arenas and host events. As a result, Allied Esports’ business could suffer.
Rules and regulations governing sweepstakes, promotions and giveaways vary by state and country and these rules and regulations could restrict or eliminate Allied Esports’ ability to generate revenues on its esports gaming platform it intends to develop, which could materially and adversely impact the viability of this business.
As part of its esports gaming platform to be developed, Allied Esports intends to offer subscribers the chance to win cash and prizes when playing esports games and tournaments on the platform. Awarding cash and prizes would require compliance with the laws or regulations in various states or countries over sweepstakes, promotions and giveaways, which are complex and constantly changing. Any negative finding of law regarding the characterization of the type of online activity carried out on the esports gaming platform could limit or prevent Allied Esports’ ability to obtain subscribers in those jurisdictions, which in turn could significantly impact Allied Esports’ ability to generate revenue. The ability or willingness to work with Allied Esports by payment processors and other service providers necessary to conduct the esports gaming platform business also may be limited due to such changes in laws or any perceived negative consequences of engaging in the business of sweepstakes, promotions and giveaways that will be utilized by the esports gaming platform.
Negotiations with unionized employees could delay opening or operating Allied Esports’ arenas.
Certain of Allied Esports’ employees are represented by one or more unions. Allied Esports will need to engage such unions to seek to employ the services of the employees on mutually acceptable terms. However, Allied Esports cannot guarantee that such negotiations will be timely concluded to avoid interruption in its tournament schedule, or that such negotiations will ultimately result in an agreement. Any failure to timely conclude the negotiations could cause a delay in Allied Esports’ ability to timely open arenas or host events. Either of these events would adversely affect Allied Esports’ ability to achieve profitability.
Allied Esports’ business is subject to regulation, and changes in applicable regulations may negatively impact its business.
Allied Esports is subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business on the Internet. In addition, laws and regulations relating to user privacy, data collection, retention, electronic commerce, consumer protection, content, advertising, localization, and information security have been adopted or are being considered for adoption by many jurisdictions and countries throughout the world. These laws could harm Allied Esports’ business by limiting the products and services it can offer consumers or the manner in which it offers them. The compliance costs for these laws may increase in the future as a result of changes in interpretation. Furthermore, Allied Esports’ failure to comply with these laws or the application of these laws in an unanticipated manner may harm its business and result in penalties or significant legal liability.
Allied Esports has historically operated at a net loss on a consolidated basis, and there is no guarantee that that it will be able to be profitable.
The historical operations of Allied Esports have resulted in net losses from continuing operations of $15.1 million and $45.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We do not know with any degree of certainty whether or when the consolidated operations of Allied Esports will become profitable. Even if we are able to achieve profitability in future periods, we may not be able to sustain or increase our profitability in successive periods.
We have formulated our business plans and strategies based on certain assumptions regarding the acceptance of our business model and the marketing of our products and services. Nevertheless, our assessments regarding market size, market share, market acceptance of our products and services and a variety of other factors may prove incorrect. Our future success will depend upon many factors, including factors beyond our control and those that cannot be predicted at this time.
Forecasts of our market and market growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the markets in which we compete achieve the forecasted growth, there can be no assurance that our business will grow at similar rates, or at all.
Growth forecasts included in SEC filings relating to our market opportunities and the expected growth in those markets are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates which may prove to be inaccurate. We also plan to operate in a number of foreign markets, and a downturn in any of those markets could have a significant adverse effect on our businesses. Even if these markets meet our size estimate and experiences the forecasted growth, we may not grow our business at a similar rate, or at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.
Any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies or legal or regulatory requirements in one or multiple jurisdictions could result in proceedings, actions or penalties against us.
Allied Esports has implemented various features intended to better comply with applicable privacy and security requirements in the collection and use of customer data, but these features do not ensure compliance and may not be effective against all potential privacy and data security concerns. A wide variety of domestic and foreign laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer, disposal and other processing of personal data. These data protection and privacy-related laws and regulations are evolving and may result in regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or to protect any personal data, could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill (both in relation to existing customers and prospective customers), any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial performance and prospects.
Evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information within the European Union (“EU”), the United States and elsewhere may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business. In jurisdictions outside of the United States, we may face data protection and privacy requirements that are more stringent than those in place in the United States. We are at risk of enforcement actions taken by certain EU data protection authorities until such point in time that we may be able to ensure that all transfers of personal data to us in the United States from the EU are conducted in compliance with all applicable regulatory obligations, the guidance of data protection authorities and evolving best practices. The European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) may impose additional obligations, costs and risks upon our business. The GDPR may increase substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. In addition, we may incur substantial expense in complying with the obligations imposed by the GDPR and we may be required to make significant changes in our business operations, all of which may adversely affect our revenues and our business overall.
Loss, retention or misuse of certain information and alleged violations of laws and regulations relating to privacy and data security, and any relevant claims, may expose us to potential liability and may require us to expend significant resources on data security and in responding to and defending such allegations and claims. In addition, future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, and changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could impair our ability to collect, use or disclose data relating to individuals, which could increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.
Allied Esports publicly posts its privacy policies and practices concerning processing, use and disclosure of the personally identifiable information provided to it by website visitors. Publication of such privacy policies and other statements published that provide promises and assurances about privacy and security can subject us to potential state and federal action if they are found to be deceptive or misrepresentative of actual policies and practices or if actual practices are found to be unfair. Evolving and changing definitions of what constitutes “Personal Information” and “Personal Data” within the EU, the United States and elsewhere, especially relating to classification of IP addresses, machine or device identification numbers, location data and other information, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting technology alliance relationships that may involve the sharing of data.
Our failure to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in new business initiatives in the future could reduce our ability to compete successfully and harm our operating results.
In the future we may need to raise additional funds, and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise additional equity financing, our security holders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests. If we engage in debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios or restrict our ability to pay dividends or make acquisitions. If we cannot raise capital on acceptable terms, or at all, we may not be able to, among other things:
● develop and enhance our products and services;
● continue to expand our network of arenas;
● hire, train and retain employees;
● respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital requirements; or
● pursue acquisition opportunities.
Although we have been able to fund our current working capital requirements through operations, debt and equity financing, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future.
Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our executive officers, key employees and qualified personnel, and our business operations may be severely disrupted if we lose the services of such personnel.
Our future success depends substantially on the continued efforts of our executive officers and key employees. If one or more of our executive officers or key employees are unable or unwilling to continue their services with us, we might not be able to replace them easily, in a timely manner, or at all. Since the esports gaming industry is characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent, we cannot assure you that we will be able to attract or retain qualified staff or other highly skilled employees. If any of our executive officers or key employees terminate their services with us, our business may be severely disrupted, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected and we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel.
We may experience security breaches and cyber threats.
We face cyber risks and threats that could damage, disrupt or allow third parties to gain improper access to our networks and platforms, supporting infrastructure, intellectual property and other assets. In addition, we rely on technological infrastructure, including third party cloud hosting and broadband, provided by third party business partners to support the functionality of our platforms and content distribution. These business partners are also subject to cyber risks and threats. Such cyber risks and threats may be difficult to detect. The techniques that may be used to obtain unauthorized access or disable, degrade, exploit or sabotage these networks and gaming platforms change frequently and often are not detected. Our systems and processes and those of our third-party business partners may not be adequate. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches or cyber risks, or respond adequately to a security breach or cyber risk, could result in interruptions to our platforms, degrade the gamer/user experiences, cause gamers/users to lose confidence in our platforms and cease utilizing them, as well as significant legal and financial exposure. This could harm our business and reputation, disrupt our relationships with partners and diminish our competitive position.
Global health threats, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious disease, including the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 respiratory illness first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. A significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products and services.
The magnitude and duration of the COVID19-pandemic has had a significant adverse effect on the Company. As a global entertainment company that hosts numerous live events with spectators and participants in destination cities, such outbreak has caused people to avoid traveling to and attending our events. Allied Esports cancelled or postponed live events, and until Allied Esports’ flagship gaming arena located at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada reopened on June 25, 2020, Allied Esports was operating online only. Truck events in Europe have been slow to return but the Luxor arena is currently running at full capacity for daily play and weekly tournaments. and, given the positive effects of vaccines on the US and global populations along with relaxed restrictions on travel and social gatherings, we expect that such impacts will be less significant on our future operations and liquidity.
Risks Related to Allied Esports’ Intellectual Property
Allied Esports licensed certain brand names under agreements that have expired and may also be subject to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights.
Allied Esports’s license with a third party to use the names “Esports Arena Las Vegas” and “Esports Arena Drive”, which are part of the branding for its Las Vegas flagship esports arena location and its US-based mobile arena, respectively, ended in July 2021. Although Allied Esports intends to market and promote its esports arenas using intellectual property it owns and controls, and is discontinuing use of such branding, there are no assurances that those efforts will be fruitful and that it will be able to maintain brand awareness once the license expires.
Furthermore, third parties may claim that Allied Esports has infringed their intellectual property rights. Although Allied Esports takes steps to avoid violating the intellectual property rights of others, it is possible that third parties still may claim infringement. Infringement claims against us, whether valid or not, may be expensive to defend and divert the attention of Allied Esports’ management and employees from business operations. Such claims or litigation could require Allied Esports to pay damages, royalties, legal fees and other costs. Allied Esports also could be required to stop offering, distributing or supporting esports games, its to-be-developed gaming platform or other features or services which incorporate the affected intellectual property rights, redesign products, features or services to avoid infringement, or obtain a license, all of which could be costly and harm its business.
Allied Esports’ technology, content and brands are subject to the threat of piracy, unauthorized copying and other forms of intellectual property infringement.
Allied Esports regards its technology, content and brands as proprietary and takes measures to protect it from infringement. Piracy and other forms of unauthorized copying and use of technology, content and brands are persistent, and policing is difficult. Further, the laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, or are poorly enforced. Legal protection of Allied Esports’ rights may be ineffective in such countries, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Allied Esports may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of its intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.
Allied Esports regards its registered trademark and pending trademarks, service marks, pending patents, domain names, trade secrets, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to its success. Allied Esports relies on trademark and patent law, trade secret protection and confidentiality and license agreements with its employees and others to protect its proprietary rights.
Allied Esports has invested significant resources to develop its own intellectual property and acquire licenses to use and distribute the intellectual property of others. Failure to maintain or protect these rights could harm its business. In addition, any unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may adversely affect its current and future revenues.
Allied Esports may not be able to develop compelling intellectual property content or secure media content distributors to promote, sell, and distribute such content, which could harm its business and competitive position.
Allied Esports intends to produce licensable content from the various live events, tournaments, and its own initiatives and brands to sell to viewers worldwide. There is no guarantee that it will be able to develop content that is compelling to its targeted customers. Media and gaming company competitors, many of which are better funded, are also creating content from esports events, and it will be difficult to create content that stands out and attracts customers. Furthermore, to carry out Allied Esports’ worldwide distribution plans, film and media distribution partners will be needed and, in the event, Allied Esports is not able to secure content distributors on terms acceptable to Allied Esports, this will have a significant adverse impact on revenue streams from the sale or licensing of intellectual property.
General Risk Factors
The Company is a company with cash, investments, and our esports business, which may prove difficult for investors to evaluate our ability to achieve stated business objectives.
As a result of our sale of the WPT business in July 2021, we have disposed of substantially all of our operating assets other than cash, investments and our esports business. The Company recently announced that its Board of Directors has decided to explore strategic options for the esports business in order to maximize its value to stockholders, including a possible sale, and the Company has engaged a financial advisor to assist with the process. If the Company pursues and ultimately completes a sale of the esports business, we would then become a development stage company with no historic operating results. In that situation we would expect to proceed (likely under a new name) as a publicly traded holding company focused on using our cash resources to explore opportunities in online entertainment, including but not limited to, real money gaming and other gaming sectors; however, we do not plan to limit ourselves to any particular industry or geographic location in its efforts to identify prospective target businesses. Currently, however, we have no specific merger, asset acquisition, reorganization or other business combination under consideration or contemplation. We may be unsuccessful in pursuing acquisition targets, or acquisition targets, if acquired, may not prove to have successful operations.
We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock; as a result, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
We have no current plans to pay dividends on our common stock with the proceeds of the WPT sale transaction. Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
The market price of shares of our common stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.
The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of shares of our common stock regardless of our operating performance. In addition, our operating results could be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors due to a number of potential factors, including variations in our quarterly operating results or dividends, if any, to stockholders, additions or departures of key management personnel, failure to meet analysts’ earnings estimates, publication of research reports about our industry, litigation and government investigations, changes or proposed changes in laws or regulations or differing interpretations or enforcement thereof affecting our business, adverse market reaction to any indebtedness we may incur or securities we may issue in the future, changes in market valuations of similar companies or speculation in the press or investment community, announcements by our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, dispositions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments, adverse publicity about the industries we participate in or individual scandals, and, in response, the market price of shares of our common stock could decrease significantly. You may be unable to resell your shares of common stock at or above a price you feel is appropriate.
In the past few years, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. In the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
If our operating and financial performance in any given period does not meet the guidance that we provide to the public, the market price of our common stock may decline.
We may, but are not obligated to, provide public guidance on our expected operating and financial results for future periods. Any such guidance will be comprised of forward-looking statements subject to the risks and uncertainties described in our public filings and public statements. Our actual results may not always be in line with or exceed any guidance we have provided, especially in times of economic uncertainty. If, in the future, our operating or financial results for a particular period do not meet any guidance we provide or the expectations of investment analysts, or if we reduce our guidance for future periods, the market price of our common stock may decline as well. Even if we do issue public guidance, there can be no assurance that we will continue to do so in the future.
We incur increased costs and are subject to additional regulations and requirements as a result of being a public company, which could lower our profits or make it more difficult to run our business.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that are not incurred by private companies, including costs associated with public company reporting requirements. We also have incurred and will continue to incur costs associated with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and related rules implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Capital Market. The expenses generally incurred by public companies for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been increasing. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly, although we are currently unable to estimate these costs with any degree of certainty. These laws and regulations also may make it more difficult or costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. These laws and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board of Directors, on our board committees or as our executive officers. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our common stock on the Nasdaq market, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.
Through its wholly-owned subsidiary Primo Vital Limited, Ourgame International Holdings Limited (“Ourgame”) owns a significant percentage of our outstanding common stock, enabling it to exert significant influence over our operations and activities, which may affect the trading price of our common stock.
According to its SEC filings, Ourgame, through Primo Vital Limited, beneficially owns and controls approximately 35.8% of our outstanding common stock. Primo Vital Limited is entitled to full voting rights with respect to the shares of common stock that it owns. This concentrated ownership enables Ourgame to exert significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder votes, including: the election of directors; mergers, consolidations, acquisitions and other strategic transactions; the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and other decisions affecting our capital structure; amendments to our Certificate of Incorporation or our bylaws; and our winding up and dissolution. The interests of Ourgame may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of our other stockholders, and Ourgame’s influence may delay, deter or prevent acts that would be favored by us or our other stockholders. This concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of the Company. Also, Ourgame may seek to cause us to take courses of action that, in its judgment, could enhance its investments in us, but which might involve risks to our other stockholders or adversely affect us or our other stockholders. As a result, the market price of our shares could decline. In addition, this concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our shares because prospective investors may perceive disadvantages in owning shares in a company such as our company with such a significant stockholder.
We are an “emerging growth company,” and the reduced public company reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We qualify as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and plan to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to: being permitted to have only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related selected financial data and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure; an exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements; reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation arrangements in our periodic reports, registration statements and proxy statements; and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, the JOBS Act permits emerging growth companies to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We intend to take advantage of the exemptions discussed above. As a result, the information we provide will be different than the information that is available with respect to other public companies. In our SEC filings, we do not include all of the executive compensation-related information that would be required if we were not an emerging growth company. We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock, and the market price of our common stock may be more volatile.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of our 2022 fiscal year, (ii) the first fiscal year after our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (iii) the date on which we have, during the immediately preceding three-year period, issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities or (iv) the end of any fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year.
Our failure to achieve and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our financial position and lower our stock price.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of the applicable listing standards of Nasdaq. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports. Nevertheless, all internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
Management identified the following material weaknesses in internal controls as of December 31, 2020, which persist as of December 31, 2021:
● inadequate internal controls, including inadequate segregation of duties, over the preparation and review of the consolidated financial statements and untimely annual closings of the books;
● inadequate information technology general controls as it relates to user access and change management.
As a company with limited accounting resources, a significant amount of management’s time and attention has been and will be diverted from our business to work toward compliance with these regulatory requirements. This diversion of management’s time and attention may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
These material weaknesses and any significant deficiencies could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and any annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we may be required to include in our periodic reports that will be filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to maintain our common stock listing on Nasdaq.
Increases in interest rates may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
While interest rates have in recent years been at record low levels, the likely return to increases in interest rates may cause a corresponding decline in demand for equity investments. Any such increase in interest rates or reduction in demand for our common stock resulting from other relatively more attractive investment opportunities may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or publish negative reports, the market price of our common stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one of more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price or trading volume of our common stock to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades our common stock or if our reporting results do not meet their expectations, the market price of our common stock could decline.
You will be diluted by the future issuance of common stock, preferred stock, or securities convertible into common or preferred stock, in connection with our incentive plans, acquisitions, capital raises or otherwise.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue these shares of common stock and options, rights, warrants and appreciation rights relating to common stock for the consideration and on the terms and conditions established by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion, whether in connection with acquisitions or otherwise.
In the future, we expect to obtain financing or to further increase our capital resources by issuing additional shares of our capital stock or offering debt or other equity securities, including senior or subordinated notes, debt securities convertible into equity or shares of preferred stock. Issuing additional shares of our capital stock or other equity securities or securities convertible into equity may dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock or both. Debt securities convertible into equity could be subject to adjustments in the conversion ratio pursuant to which certain events may increase the number of equity securities issuable upon conversion. Preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distributions or a preference with respect to dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, which may adversely affect the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. As a result, holders of our common stock bear the risk that our future offerings may reduce the market price of our common stock and dilute their stockholdings in us.
Additionally, we have reserved an aggregate of 3,763,305 shares of common stock for issuance under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2019 Plan”). Any common stock that we issue, including under our 2019 Plan or other equity incentive plans that we may adopt in the future, would dilute the percentage ownership held by our common stockholders. We have filed an effective registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock issued pursuant to our 2019 Plan. Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statement will be available for sale in the open market upon issuance.
The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for certain legal actions between the Company and its stockholders, which could limit the Company’s stockholders’ ability to obtain a judicial forum viewed by the stockholders as more favorable for disputes with the Company or the Company’s directors, officers or employees.
The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, or the Company’s Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another state court located within the State of Delaware, or if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. This exclusive forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. It could apply, however, to a suit that falls within one or more of the categories enumerated in the exclusive forum provision and asserts claims under the Securities Act, inasmuch as Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rule and regulations thereunder. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision with respect to claims under the Securities Act, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions. These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees.
If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to the Company’s management.
Our Board of Directors’ ability to issue undesignated preferred stock and the existence of anti-takeover provisions may depress the value of our common stock.
The Company’s authorized capital includes 1,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock. Our Board has the power to issue any or all of the shares of preferred stock, including the authority to establish one or more series and to fix the powers, preferences, rights and limitations of such class or series, without seeking stockholder approval, subject to certain limitations on this power under Nasdaq listing requirements. Further, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law regarding “business combinations.” We may, in the future, consider adopting additional anti-takeover measures. The authority of our Board to issue undesignated stock and the anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law, as well as any future anti-takeover measures adopted by us, may, in certain circumstances, delay, deter or prevent takeover attempts and other changes in control of our company that are not approved by our Board. As a result, our stockholders may lose opportunities to dispose of their shares at favorable prices generally available in takeover attempts or that may be available under a merger proposal and the market price, voting and other rights of the holders of common stock may also be affected.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
The Company’s main offices are licensed and are located at 745 Fifth Avenue, Suite 500, New York, NY 10151. The Company considers this office space adequate for its current office operations. The initial term will expire July 31, 2022, and the Company may continue on a month-to-month basis thereafter.
Allied Esports operates its flagship arena, the HyperX Esports Arena Las Vegas, at the Luxor Casino on the Vegas strip, whose pyramid is one of the most visible landmarks in Las Vegas. This arena has 80 to 100 gaming stations, two bars, food service, private rooms, a production facility, and space for up to 1,000 people for events. The arena is custom-built for esports tournaments and has a broadcast-ready television studio to broadcast live events and produce content. The lease term expires on May 23, 2023 and the Company pays base rent of $125,000 per month.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
See “Resolution of Expense Reimbursement Claims” set forth in Item 9B of this Annual Report.
The Company is involved in various disputes, claims, liens and litigation matters arising out of the normal course of business. While the outcome of these disputes, claims, liens and litigation matters cannot be predicted with certainty, after consulting with legal counsel, management does not believe that, except as set forth above, the outcome of these matters, either individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “AESE.”
Holders
On May 20, 2022, there were 30 holders of record of our common stock, one of which was Cede & Co., a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. Shares of common stock that are held by financial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners are deposited into participant accounts at DTC, and are considered to be held of record by Cede & Co. as one stockholder.
Dividends
We anticipate that we will retain all available funds and any future earnings, if any, for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, our future credit facilities and future debt instruments may materially restrict our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Payment of future cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs, the requirements of our current or then-existing debt instruments and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains statements that are forward-looking. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risk, uncertainties and other factors. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” or “continue,” and similar expressions or variations. Actual results could differ materially because of the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and other factors that we have not identified.
The Company
Allied Esports Entertainment Inc. (“AESE” or the “Company”) operates a premier public esports and entertainment company, consisting of the Allied Esports business. AESE also operated the World Poker Tour business until AESE sold such business on July 12, 2021.
Allied Esports
Gaming is one of the largest and fastest growing markets in the entertainment sector, with an estimated 2.56 billion gamers playing esports globally, and esports is the major driver of this growth. Esports, short for “electronic sports,” is a general label that comprises a diverse offering of competitive electronic games that gamers play against each other. It is projected that by 2023, 646 million people will be watching esports globally, and that global esports revenue will grow to approximately $1.5 billion.
The esports gaming industry is relatively new and is challenging. Competition is rapidly developing. Allied Esports’ business relies upon its ability to grow and garner an active gamer community, and successfully monetize this community through tournament fees, live event ticket sales, and advertising and sponsorships utilizing a three-pillar approach, which includes:
● in-person experiences;
● developing multiplatform content; and
● providing interactive services.
Its growth also depends, in part, on its ability to respond to technological evolution, shifts in gamer trends and demands, introductions of new games, game publisher intellectual property right practices, and industry standards and practices. While change in this industry may be inevitable, Allied Esports will try to adapt its business model as needed to accommodate change and remain on the forefront of its competitors.
Allied Esports’ business plan requires significant capital expenditures, and it expects its operating expenses to increase significantly as it continues to expand its marketing efforts and operations in existing and new geographies and vertical markets (including its online esports tournament and gaming subscription platform it intends to develop). A key element of Allied Esports’ growth strategy is to extend its brand by opening additional flagship arenas throughout the world and by licensing the Allied Esports brand to third party esports arena operators, which it believes will provide attractive returns on investment.
COVID-19 Pandemic. The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 respiratory illness has had an adverse effect on the Company. As a global entertainment company that hosts numerous live events with spectators and participants in destination cities, such outbreak has caused people to avoid traveling to and attending our events. Allied Esports and WPT businesses have cancelled or postponed live events, and until Allied Esports’ flagship gaming arena located at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada reopened on June 25, 2020 these businesses were operating online only. The arena is currently running under a modified schedule for daily play and weekly tournaments, and the WPT business continued to operate primarily online through the date of its sale on July 12, 2021, although live events recently resumed under appropriate health safety protocols. Production of certain content has been temporarily halted. At this time, we cannot determine the full extent of the impact that such outbreak may have on our operations.
Results of Operations
Continuing Operations
Our continuing operations consist of our esports gaming operations, which take place at global competitive esports properties designed to connect players and fans via a network of connected arenas. Through our subsidiary Allied Esports, we offer esports fans state-of-the-art facilities to compete against other players in esports competitions, host live events with esports superstars that potentially stream to millions of viewers worldwide, produce and distribute esports content with at our on-site production facilities and studios. At our flagship arena in Las Vegas, Nevada, we provide an attractive facility for hosting corporate events, tournaments, game launches or other events. Additionally, Allied Esports has two mobile esports arenas, which are 18-wheel semi-trailers that convert into first class esports arenas and competition stages with full content production capabilities and interactive talent studios.
Discontinued Operations
The World Poker Tour (“WPT”) is an internationally televised gaming and entertainment with brand presence in land-based poker tournaments, television, online and mobile. Leading innovation in the sport of poker since 2002, WPT helped ignite the global poker boom with the creation of a unique television show based on a series of high-stakes poker tournaments.
Sale of WPT Business. On January 19, 2021, the Company and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, Allied Esports Media, Inc. (“Esports Media,” and together with the Company, the “Selling Parties”) and Club Services, Inc. (“CSI”), entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Original Agreement”) with Element Partners, LLC (“Buyer”), pursuant to which the Selling Parties have agreed to sell 100% of the outstanding capital stock of CSI to Buyer. CSI is the Company’s indirect wholly-owned subsidiary that directly or indirectly owns 100% of the outstanding capital stock of each of the legal entities that collectively operate or engage in the Company’s poker-related business and assets (the “WPT Business”). The sale of CSI is referred to herein as the “Sale Transaction”. The Selling Parties, CSI and Buyer entered into an Amended and Restated Stock Purchase Agreement on March 19, 2021, and thereafter amended such agreement on March 29, 2021 (as amended, the “Stock Purchase Agreement”).
Under the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Buyer agreed to pay Esports Media a total purchase price of $105 million for the stock of CSI (the “base purchase price”) at the closing of the Sale Transaction, as further described below. The base purchase price was adjusted to reflect the amount of CSI’s cash, indebtedness and accrued and unpaid transaction expenses as of the closing of the Sale Transaction. Buyer remitted a $10.0 million advance payment of the base purchase price in connection with the execution of the Stock Purchase Agreement and paid the balance of the base purchase price at the closing of the Sale Transaction.
On July 12, 2021, we consummated the sale of the WPT business for $106.0 million. The Company recorded a gain on the sale of WPT as follows:
Cash consideration for sale of WPT(1) $ 106,049,884
Less: book value of assets sold
Cash 3,579,988
Accounts receivable 2,999,352
Restricted cash 100,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets 264,385
Property and equipment, net 1,429,706
Goodwill 4,083,621
Intangible assets, net 10,986,463
Deposits 79,500
Deferred production costs 12,684,054
Net book value of assets sold 36,207,069
Add: liabilities assumed by buyer
Accounts payable 487,579
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 5,567,072
Deferred revenue 1,807,176
Deferred rent 2,619,967
Total liabilities assumed 10,481,794
Less: transaction expenses(2) 2,465,774
Gain on sale of WPT(3) $ 77,858,835
(1) Includes $105,120 of post-closing adjustments
(2) Includes $1,165,774 of legal and professional fees and $1,300,000 of amounts reimbursed to the Company’s principal stockholder. See Note 7 - Accrued Expense and Other Current Liabilities for additional details
(3) Management has determined that there are no current federal or state income taxes payable in connection with the sale of WPT, after considering the Company’s tax basis in the stock of WPT, as well as the Company’s projected tax losses for the 2021 tax year.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020
For the
Years Ended
December 31, Favorable
(in thousands) (Unfavorable)
Revenues:
In-person $ 4,201 $ 2,988 $ 1,213
Multiplatform content
Total Revenues 4,956 3,211 1,745
Costs and Expenses:
In-person (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 3,689 2,808 (881 )
Multiplatform content (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) (333 )
Online operating expenses (15 )
Selling and marketing expenses (34 )
General and administrative expenses 12,851 16,284 3,433
Depreciation and amortization 3,306 3,609
Impairment of investment in ESA - 6,139 6,139
Impairment of property and equipment - 5,596 5,596
Loss From Operations (15,773 ) (31,726 ) 15,953
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loans and interest -
Other income (107 )
Conversion inducement expense - (5,247 ) 5,247
Extinguishment loss on acceleration of debt redemption - (3,438 ) 3,438
Interest expense (268 ) (5,549 ) 5,281
Loss from continuing operations (15,060 ) (45,784 ) 30,724
Income from discontinued operations
Income from discontinued operations before sale of WPT (658 )
Gain on sale of WPT 77,859 - 77,859
Income from discontinued operations 77,926 77,201
Net income (loss) $ 62,866 $ (45,059 ) $ 107,925
Revenues
In-person experience revenues increased by approximately $1.2 million, or 41%, to approximately $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase of in-person experience revenues was driven by (a) a $1.9 million increase in event revenue, (b) a $0.1 million increase in ticket and gaming revenue, and (c) a $0.1 million increase in food and beverage revenue, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in sponsorship and truck event revenues in Europe. The year-over-year revenue increases in the United States are primarily attributable to the removal of COVID-19 pandemic-related capacity restrictions at the Company’s HyperX Esports Arena in Las Vegas. The Company’s truck events in Europe continue to be negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in decreases in sponsorship and other revenues from these events.
Multiplatform content revenues increased by approximately $532 thousand, or 239%, to approximately $755 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $223 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase of multiplatform revenues was driven by a new contract entered into in the second quarter of 2021.
Costs and expenses
In-person costs (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased by approximately $0.9 million, or 31%, to approximately $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase of in-person costs is primarily related to the increase of in-person revenues as a result of the removal of COVID-19 pandemic-related capacity restrictions during 2021.
Multiplatform costs (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased by approximately $333 thousand, or 617%, to approximately $387 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $54 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase of multiplatform costs was driven by a new contract entered into in the second quarter of 2021.
Online operating expenses increased by approximately $15 thousand, or 8%, to approximately $202 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $187 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Selling and marketing expenses increased by approximately $34 thousand, or 13%, to approximately $294 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $260 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020.
General and administrative expenses decreased by approximately $3.4 million, or 21%, to approximately $12.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Stock-based compensation decreased by approximately $3.2 million primarily due to a $3.6 million stock-based compensation expense in 2020 related to the return of cash held in escrow associated with an escrow agreement with Simon Properties during 2020, in addition, professional fees decreased by approximately $0.6 million, which included higher legal fees in 2020 related to registration costs, trademark matters and discussions around the restructuring of ELC Gaming GMBH. This was slightly offset by a $0.4 million increase in severance pay during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Depreciation and amortization decreased by approximately $303 thousand, or 8%, to approximately $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, from approximately $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
We recorded $6.1 million of impairment of investments during the year ended December 31, 2020, of which $5.0 million was the result of the write-off of our investment in TV Azteca, for which management determined that the future cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying value of this investment, and $1.1 million was related to the impairment of our investment in Esports Arena, LLC. There was no impairment of investments during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Impairment of property and equipment was approximately $0 for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The impairment resulted from management’s determination that the projected cash flows from our leasehold improvements and software will not be sufficient to recover the carrying value of those assets.
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loans and interest
We recognized a gain on the full forgiveness of the PPP loans and related interest of approximately $912 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Other income (expense)
Other income decreased by approximately $107 thousand to approximately $69 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $176 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease is the result of a tax refund received for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Conversion inducement expense
Conversion inducement expense of approximately $5.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 resulted from the reduction in the conversion price and the increase in interest payable to induce the conversion of certain convertible debt converted during the period. There was no conversion inducement expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Extinguishment loss on acceleration of debt redemption
Extinguishment loss on acceleration of debt redemption of approximately $3.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, resulted from the acceleration of monthly payments on the Senior Secured notes that were issued in June 2020. There was no extinguishment loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Interest expense
Interest expense was approximately $0.3 million and approximately $5.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing a decrease of $5.3 million, or 95%. The decrease is a result of the decrease in the principal balance of notes payable and convertible notes outstanding during the period since debt balances were repaid from the proceeds of the sale of WPT.
Results of Discontinued Operations
We recognized income from discontinued operations, net of tax, of approximately $77.9 million and $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing an increase of $77.2 million. The improvement in results from discontinued operations is primarily due to the gain on the sale of the WPT business of approximately $77.9 million, in addition to an increase in revenues from our subscription-based poker service and other online products during the period in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was partially offset by bonus expenses and acceleration of stock-based compensation, each in connection with the sale of the WPT business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes our total current assets, liabilities and working capital surplus (deficiency) from continuing operations at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
December 31,
(in thousands)
Current Assets $ 94,261 $ 1,605 (1)
Current Liabilities $ 5,249 $ 16,492
Working Capital Surplus (Deficiency) $ 89,012 $ (14,887 )
1) $5 million in prior year restricted cash included as current assets at December 31, 2020 was reclassed to non-current assets at December 31, 2021.
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash on the balance sheet and funds raised through debt or equity financing.
As of December 31, 2021, we had cash of $92.9 million (not including approximately $5 million of restricted cash) and working capital from continuing operations of approximately $89.0 million. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we incurred net losses from continuing operations of approximately $15.1 million and $45.8 million, respectively, and used cash in continuing operations of approximately $10.1 million and $5.2 million, respectively. Further, convertible debt and bridge note obligations in the aggregate gross principal amount of $3.4 million that were scheduled to mature on February 23, 2022 but were paid upon the closing of the sale of WPT on July 12, 2021. Cash requirements for our current liabilities include approximately $5.1 million for accounts payable and accrued expenses. Cash requirements for non-current liabilities include approximately $1.9 million for lease payments. The Company intends to meet these cash requirements form its current cash balance.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic which continues to spread throughout the United States. As a global entertainment company that hosts numerous live events with spectators and participants in destination cities, the outbreak has caused people to avoid traveling to and attending these events. Allied Esports has cancelled or postponed live events, and before the reopening of Allied Esports’ flagship gaming arena located at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada on June 25, 2020, the business was operating online only. The arena is currently running at full capacity for daily play and weekly tournaments. We continue to monitor the outbreak of COVID-19 and the related business and travel restrictions, and changes to behavior intended to reduce its spread, and the related impact on our operations, financial position and cash flows, as well as the impact on our employees. The magnitude and duration of the pandemic has had a significant adverse impact on our historical operations and liquidity. Given the positive effects of vaccines where we operate, along with relaxed restrictions on travel and social gatherings, we expect that such impacts will be less significant on our future operations and liquidity.
On July 12, 2021, we completed the sale of the WPT business for an aggregate purchase price of $106.0 million. With the sale of the WPT business, we believe our current cash on hand is sufficient to meet our operating and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months from the date of this Report.
Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities
The tables below summarize cash flows from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
For the Years Ended
December 31,
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities $ (10,079 ) $ (5,174 )
Investing activities $ 105,858 $ (5,507 )
Financing activities $ (3,421 ) $ 9,162
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities primarily represents the results of operations exclusive of non-cash expenses plus the impact of changes in operating assets and liabilities.
Net cash used in operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $10.1 million and $5.2 million, representing an increase of $4.9 million. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to the net loss from continuing operations of approximately $15.1 million and $45.8 million, respectively, $3.8 million and $33.9 million, respectively, of net non-cash expenses, and approximately $1.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively, of cash provided by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.
Net Cash Provided By (Used in) Investing Activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities primarily relates to cash used for the purchase of property and equipment and other investment activity.
Net cash provided by investing activities during the year ended December 2021 was approximately $105.9 million, which consisted primarily of approximately $106.0 million cash consideration for the sale of WPT, partially offset by approximately $192 thousand of cash used for the purchase of property and equipment.
Net cash (used in) investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $5.5 million, resulting primarily from approximately $3.7 million of cash used for the return of the Simon Investment, $1.5 million of cash used for our investment in TV Azteca , and $0.4 million used for the purchases of property and equipment.
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $(3.4) million compared to approximately $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 represented the repayments of bridge loans during the period. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we received approximately $9.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt, $7.0 million of proceeds from the sale of our common stock and approximately $0.9 million of proceeds received from loans payable, partially offset by approximately $(7.0) million of convertible debt repayments and $(0.8) million of issuance costs paid in connection with convertible debt.
Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations
Cash held by the WPT business of approximately $3.6 million was sold in connection with the sale of the WPT business. No cash was provided by, or (used in), discontinued operations as of December 31, 2021.
Capital Expenditures
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no material commitments for capital expenditures.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not engage in any off-balance sheet financing activities, nor does the Company have any interest in entities referred to as variable interest entities.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures must be in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the periods presented. We believe that the estimates and judgments upon which it relies are reasonably based upon information available to us at the time that it makes these estimates and judgments. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial results will be affected. The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates and judgments and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are described below.
The following is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies or estimates. Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies, in our financial statements included at the end of this Annual Report.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.
We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain income tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement by examining taxing authorities.
Stock-Based Compensation
We measure the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value amount of the shares expected to ultimately vest is then recognized over the period for which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The estimation of stock-based awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from original estimates, such amounts are recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews for the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company measures the carrying amount of the asset against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it. Should the sum of the expected future net cash flows be less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated, an impairment loss would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. The evaluation of asset impairment requires the Company to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue from the following sources:
● Multiplatform content revenue is comprised of distribution revenue, sponsorship revenue, music royalty revenue, content revenue and online advertising revenue.
● In-person revenue is comprised of event revenue, sponsorship revenue, food and beverage revenue, ticket and gaming revenue, merchandising revenue and other revenue.
We evaluate each of our contractual arrangements to identify the performance obligations existing in the contract and allocate the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. Revenue is recognized as each performance obligation is fulfilled. Cash received in advance of the sale or rendering of services is recorded as deferred revenue and is recognized when the related performance obligation has been satisfied.
Discontinued Operations
The assets and liabilities of WPT as of December 31, 2020 are classified in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Current assets of discontinued operations,” and “Current liabilities of discontinued operations”. The results of operations of WPT for the period from January 1 through July 12, 2021 and for the year ended December 31, 2020 are included in “Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax provision” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. This amendment will be effective for private companies and emerging growth companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” and ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements” in July 2018, and ASU No. 2018-20 “Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors” in December 2018. ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-20 provide certain amendments that affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 allows all entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional (and optional) transition method of adoption, under which an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on the our consolidated financial statements, primarily as the result of recording right-of-use assets and lease liability obligations for its current operating lease.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)” and also issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance under ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05 (collectively Topic 326). Topic 326 requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. This replaces the existing incurred loss model with an expected loss model and requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. We will be required to adopt the provisions of this ASU on January 1, 2023, with early adoption permitted for certain amendments. Topic 326 must be adopted by applying a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. The adoption of Topic 326 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date (“ASU 2020-02”) which provides clarifying guidance and minor updates to ASU No. 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Loss (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016-13”) and related to ASU No. 2016-02 - Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2020-02 amends the effective date of ASU 2016-13, such that ASU 2016-13 and its amendments will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging- Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, to clarify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The amendments in this update reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the cash conversion model and the beneficial conversion feature model. Limiting the accounting models will result in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with embedded conversion features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, that meet the definition of a derivative, and that do not qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting and (2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in-capital. In addition, this ASU improves disclosure requirements for convertible instruments and earnings-per-share guidance. The ASU also revises the derivative scope exception guidance to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions driven by remote contingent events. The amendments in this update are effective for our fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption will be permitted, but no earlier than for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
On May 3, 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. This new standard provides clarification and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (such as warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Issuers should apply the new standard prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date of the new standard. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an issuer elects to early adopt the new standard in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and early adoption is permitted. While we are continuing to assess the timing of adoption and the potential impacts of ASU 2021-08, it does not expect ASU 2021-08 will have a material effect, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-02, which aligns the accounting for production costs of episodic television series with the accounting for production costs of films. In addition, ASU 2019-02 modifies certain aspects of the capitalization, impairment, presentation and disclosure requirements in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 926-20 and the impairment, presentation and disclosure requirements in ASC 920-350. This ASU must be adopted on a prospective basis and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. This standard was adopted on January 1, 2021 and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Not applicable.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on Page.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
There have been no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) (the “Exchange Act”). Based on the foregoing evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level because of the material weaknesses discussed below.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Management identified the following material weaknesses indicative of many smaller reporting companies, as of December 31, 2020, which persist as of December 31, 2021:
● inadequate internal controls, including inadequate segregation of duties, over the preparation and review of the consolidated financial statements and untimely annual closings of the books;
● inadequate information technology general controls as it relates to user access and change management.
The Company has experienced significant organizational change during 2021 and as such, accounting resources are limited. Management is committed to taking action and engaging additional technical accounting and compliance resources to address these material weaknesses. Notwithstanding the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described above, our management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) (2013 Framework). Based on this evaluation under the 2013 Framework, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2021, as a result of the material weaknesses described above.
Previously Identified Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We previously identified and disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting which resulted from inadequate controls and procedures as they relate to completeness of information reported by certain third parties that process transactions related to specific revenue streams.
Subsequent to the evaluation made in connection with filing our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company divested entities comprising the World Poker Tour, including the specific revenue stream that gave rise to the material weakness.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting through the date of this Report or during the quarter ended December 31, 2021, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations of the Effectiveness of Controls
Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm
This Annual Report does not contain an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm related to internal control over financial reporting because the rules for smaller reporting companies provide an exemption from the attestation requirement.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Our Board of Directors
Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides for a classified Board of Directors in which directors are divided into three classes, designated as Class A, Class B and Class C. Each class serves staggered, three-year terms. The terms of office of our Class A directors will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2023. The terms of office of our Class B directors will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2024. The terms of office of our Class C directors will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2022.
Set forth below are the names and certain information about each of our directors as of the date of this Report. The information presented includes each director’s age, principal occupation and business experience for the past five years and the names of other public companies of which he or she has served as a director during the past five years.
Name
Director Class
Positions and Offices Held
Director
Since
Director Term
Expires
Age
Lyle Berman
Class A
Co-Chairman, Interim Chief Executive Officer
Yangyang Li
Class A
Co-Chairman
Benjamin Oehler
Class A
Director
Bradley Berman
Class B
Director
Joseph Lahti
Class B
Director
Jingsheng (Jason) Lu
Class B
Director
Guanzhou (Jerry) Qin
Class B
Director
Yinghua Chen
Class C
Director, President, Chief Investment Officer and Board Secretary
Yushi Guo
Class C
Director
Adam Pliska
Class C
Director
Libing (Claire) Wu
Class C
Director
Name of Director
Principal Occupation, Business Experience For the Past Five Years and
Directorships of Public Companies
CLASS A
Lyle Berman
Lyle Berman has served as a director of the Company since May 2017 (when the Company at the time of such election was Black Ridge Acquisition Corp.). Mr. Berman has served as Chairman of the Company from August 2019-December 2021 and since such time has served as co-Chairman. Mr. Berman served as the Company’s President from November 2021 until February 2022, at which time Mr. Berman was appointed and currently serves as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Berman has been a director of Sow Good Inc., f/k/a Black Ridge Oil & Gas, Inc. since October 2016, and is also a director of Golden Entertainment, Inc., Mill City Ventures III, Ltd., Auego Affinity Marketing, Inc., 52 Gaming, LLC, Redstone American Grill, Inc., LubeZone, Inc., Drake’s Organic Spirits, LLC, Foxo Technologies and Sow Good, Inc. Since June 1990, Mr. Berman has been the chairman and chief executive officer of Berman Consulting Corporation, a private consulting firm he founded. Mr. Berman began his career with Berman Buckskin, his family’s leather business, which he helped grow into a major specialty retailer with 27 outlets. After selling Berman Buckskin to W.R. Grace in 1979, Mr. Berman continued as president and chief executive officer and led the company to become one the country’s largest retail leather chains, with over 200 stores nationwide. In 1990, Mr. Berman participated in the founding of Grand Casinos, Inc. Mr. Berman is credited as one of the early visionaries in the development of casinos outside of the traditional gaming markets of Las Vegas and Atlantic City. In less than five years, the company opened eight casino resorts in four states. In 1994, Mr. Berman financed the initial development of Rainforest Cafe. He served as the chairman and chief executive officer from 1994 unti1 2000. In October 1995, Mr. Berman was honored with the B’nai B’rith “Great American Traditions Award.” In April 1996, he received the Gaming Executive of the Year Award; in 2004, Mr. Berman was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame; and in 2009, he received the Casino Lifetime Achievement Award from Raving Consulting & Casino Journal. In 1998, Lakes Entertainment, Inc. was formed. In 2002, as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Lakes Entertainment, Inc., Mr. Berman was instrumental in creating the World Poker Tour. Mr. Berman served as the executive chairman of the board of WPT Enterprises, Inc. (later known as Voyager Oil & Gas, Inc. and Emerald Oil, Inc.) from its inception in February 2002 until July 2013. Mr. Berman also served as a director of PokerTek, Inc. from January 2005 until October 2014, including serving as chairman of the board from January 2005 until October 2011. Mr. Berman has a degree in business administration from the University of Minnesota. Mr. Berman is the father of Bradley Berman, one of our directors.
Yangyang Li
Mr. Li has served as a director of the Company since March 2021, and as the Company’s co-Chairman since December 2021. Mr. Li is the current Chairman and an Executive Director of Ourgame International Holdings Limited (“Ourgame”), the beneficial owner of Primo Vital Limited, which is the Company’s largest stockholder, beneficially owning approximately 35.8% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Mr. Li received a Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of International Business & Economics in Beijing, China. In 2001, Mr. Li served as Assistant President to China Great Wall Industry Corporation. In 2003, Mr. Li founded Business Media China Group (Frankfurt Stock Exchange: BMC) and served as its CEO in 2005, with a market value at the time in excess of 5 billion RMB. Mr. Li served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Elephant Media Group in 2008. Since 2014, he has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of World Business Services Union and Choi Shun Investment.
Benjamin Oehler
Benjamin S. Oehler has served as a director of the Company since May 2017 (when the Company at the time of such election was Black Ridge Acquisition Corp.). Mr. Oehler was a director of Sow Good Inc., f/k/a Black Ridge Oil & Gas, Inc., until December 2020, and chairman of its audit committee and compensation committee from February 2011 until December 2020. Mr. Oehler is a Founding Partner of Windward Mark, LLC which advises business owners with regard to strategic planning, owner governance and education, business continuity, legacy, philanthropy and liquidity. Windward Mark LLC is a continuation of Mr. Oehler’s consulting practice at Bashaw Group. Inc. (2007 to 2017) and Linea Capital, LLC (2009 to 2017). From 1999 to 2007, Mr. Oehler was the president and chief executive officer of Waycrosse, Inc., a financial advisory firm for the family owners of Cargill Incorporated. While at Waycrosse, Mr. Oehler was the primary advisor to the five family members who were serving on the Cargill Incorporated board of directors from 1999 to 2006. Mr. Oehler played a key role in two major growth initiatives for Cargill: the merger of Cargill’s fertilizer business into a public company which is now Mosaic, Inc., and the transformation of Cargill’s proprietary financial markets trading group into two major investment management companies: Black River Asset Management, LLC and CarVal Investors, LLC. An investment banker for 20 years, Mr. Oehler’s transaction experience includes public offerings and private placements of debt and equity securities, mergers and acquisitions, fairness opinions and valuations of private companies. Prior to joining Waycrosse, Mr. Oehler was an investment banker for Piper Jaffray. By the time he left Piper Jaffray in 1999, he was group head for Piper Jaffray’s Industrial Growth Team. He has also played a leadership role in a number of corporate buy-outs and venture stage companies, served on corporate and non-profit boards of directors, and has been involved in the creation and oversight of foundations and charitable organizations, as well as U.S. trusts and off-shore entities.
Mr. Oehler has been a Board member and/or founder of many non-profit organizations including the Minnesota Zoological Society, Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, The Lake Country Land School, Greencastle Tropical Study Center, Park Nicollet Institute, Afton Historical Society Press, United Theological Seminary and University of Minnesota Investment Advisor, Inc. He has been a director of Waycrosse, Inc., WayTrust Inc., Dain Equity Partners, Inc., Time Management, Inc., BioNIR, Inc. and Agricultural Solutions, Inc. In September 2007, Mr. Oehler completed the Stanford University Law School Directors Forum, a three-day update on key issues facing corporate directors presented by the Stanford Business School and Stanford Law School. From 1984 through 1999, Mr. Oehler was registered with the National Association of Securities Dealers as a financial principal. Mr. Oehler is a graduate of the University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts and has completed all course work at the University of Minnesota Business School with a concentration in finance.
CLASS B
Bradley Berman
Bradley Berman has served as a director of the Company since May 2017 (when the Company at the time of such election was Black Ridge Acquisition Corp.). Mr. Berman is the president of King Show Games, Inc., a company he founded in 1998. Mr. Berman has worked in various capacities in casino gaming from 1992 to 2004 for Grand Casinos, Inc. and then Lakes Entertainment, Inc., achieving the position of Vice President of Gaming. Mr. Berman has been the director of Sow Good, Inc. since October 2020. Mr. Berman was a director of Voyager Oil and Gas, Inc. (formerly Ante4 and WPT) and Black Ridge Oil & Gas, Inc. (formerly Ante5). Mr. Berman is the son of Lyle Berman, one of our directors.
Joseph Lahti
Joseph Lahti has served as a director of the Company since May 2017 (when the Company at the time of such election was Black Ridge Acquisition Corp.). Mr. Lahti has been a director of Sow Good, Inc., f/k/a Black Ridge Oil & Gas, Inc., since August 2012. Mr. Lahti is a Minneapolis native and leader in numerous Minnesota business and community organizations. As principal of JL Holdings since 1989, Mr. Lahti has provided funding and management leadership to several early-stage or distressed companies. From 1993 to 2002, he held the positions of chief operating officer, chief financial officer, president, chief executive officer and chairman at Shuffle Master, Inc., a company that provided innovative products to the gaming industry. Mr. Lahti served as a director of PokerTek, Inc., a publicly traded company, from 2008 until it was sold in October 2014 (including serving as chairman of the board from 2012 to 2014), and has since 2018 has been an independent director and chairman of the board of Innealta Capital and Acclivity Capital, investment managers. In 2021 Mr Lahti was named chairman of an early stage company which has created a financial services marketplace for Latin America. Mr Lahti also served as chairman of AF Holdings, Inc, an asset manager, until its sale in October 2018 and remains as CEO of the surviving shareholder representative company until the earn out period ends in 2023. Previously, Mr. Lahti also served on the board of directors of Voyager Oil & Gas, Inc. and Zomax, Inc., and served as the chairman of the board of directors of Shuffle Master, Inc. Through his public company board experience, he has participated on, and chaired, both audit and compensation committees. Mr. Lahti has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Harvard College.
Jingsheng (Jason) Lu
Jingsheng Lu has served as a director of the Company since April 2021. Mr. Lu is the current Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director of Ourgame and served as an independent director of Ourgame from June 2020 to April 2021. Prior to that, he served as a director of Zhejiang Xiangyuan Culture Co., Ltd.,(“Xiangyuan Culture”), which is a main board listed company in China (Code in Shanghai Stock Exchange: 600576). From 2015 to 2017, he served as co-CEO of Xiamen Xtone Animation Co., Ltd., (“Xtone”), and led the merger of Xtone by Xiangyuan Culture in 2014. He also served as CFO of Beijing International Advertising & Communication Group from 2018 to 2019. He previously served as a senior audit manager at Deloitte China for six years, and at Deloitte US for two years from 2001 to 2010. He is currently a non-practicing certified public accountant in China since 2007, as well as a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants since 2009. He holds a Bachelor of Economics degree from University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, China.
Guanzhou (Jerry) Qin
Mr. Qin brings strong management skills from Fortune 500 companies, hands-on experiences in high-tech startups, and deep experience in finance and accounting. Mr. Qin has served as Finance Director of Content Business at Tencent since February 2020, and served as the Head of Finance at Aibee Inc., a top artificial-intelligence start-up, from September 2018-February 2020. Mr. Qin also served as the Senior Finance Director of the APAC (China, Japan, India and others) for TripAdvisor (Nasdaq: TRIP) from June 2017-August 2018. Mr. Qin also served at the Chief Financial Officer of Glu Mobile, a top mobile game developer, and as a consultant for Andersen/PWC. Mr. Qin received an International MBA from Peking University & Fordham University in 2008 and a Bachelor of Economics, University of International Business & Economics in 2001.
CLASS C
Yinghua Chen
Yinghua Chen has served a director since 2020, and has served as the Company’s Chief Investment Officer since November 2021 and as the Company’s President and Board Secretary since February 2022. Ms. Chen is a Co-Founder of Aupera Technologies, a leading video AI technology company, where she is responsible for corporate financing, business development, and strategic partnership. She has successfully raised multiple rounds of funding for Aupera, including from Silicon Valley giant Xilinx (Nasdaq: XLNX). Prior to this, she served as the Executive Vice President of Anthill Resources, a natural resources investment company in Canada, where she oversaw business operations and investment activities. Ms. Chen is also the former Managing Director of China for The Cavendish Group, a UK B2B media and public relations company. In that role, Ms. Chen built up subscriber networks for over ten vertical industry media products and managed the Group’s strategic relationship with the Boao Forum for Asia. Ms. Chen was also part of the founding team of The Balloch Group, a boutique investment banking firm, later acquired by Canaccord Genuity, where she specialized in financial, pharmaceutical, resources and media industry transactions. Ms. Chen holds an EMBA from the University of Paris I: Panthéon-Sorbonne and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of International Business and Economics.
Yushi Guo
Mr. Yushi Guo was appointed as a director of the Company in February 2022, and has broad experience in management consulting, board advisory and entrepreneurship. He is the founder and CEO of PanoSoar Management Technology Co., Ltd, a company that builds technological platforms for small and medium-sized businesses. In 2011, Mr. Guo founded Beijing Panorfinity Consulting Co., Ltd., which offers management consulting, board advisory and executive search services. Prior to founding Beijing Panorfinity Consulting Co., Ltd., Mr. Guo served at a client partner at Korn Ferry International from 2009 - 2011 and Gallup Consulting from 2003 - 2009. Mr. Guo currently serves as an independent non-executive director of Ourgame International Holdings Limited. Mr. Guo holds a Master of Science in Ecology and Bachelor of Science from Beijing Forestry University, and Master of Business Administration from Emory University.
Adam Pliska
Adam Pliska has served as a director since August 2019, and served as the Company’s President from August 2019 until July 2021. He has been with the World Poker Tour since 2003. As President and CEO of WPT, Mr. Pliska has overseen the entire WPT business portfolio, including but not limited to live events, online services, televised broadcasts, and WPT office personnel in Los Angeles, London and Beijing. He is one of the longest serving executives in the poker industry and was named the American Poker Awards Industry Person of the Year for 2014. Under his watch, the WPT has witnessed massive global growth from 14 events to over 60 worldwide on 6 continents, has maintained historic ratings of one of the longest running television shows in US history and has awarded more than a billion dollars over its 18 years. In addition to his position as CEO, Mr. Pliska serves as Executive Producer of the World Poker Tour television show and is the co-writer of the WPT Theme song Rise Above.
From November 2000 to June 2002, Mr. Pliska served as the Vice-President of Legal and Business Affairs and eventually General Counsel for Anticipa, LLC, a multi-media company headed by the futurist, Alvin Toffler, a Telmex Corporation. In addition, Mr. Pliska served as an associate at the law firm of Sonnenschein, Nath & Rosenthal in Los Angeles from July 1999 to November 2000, where he worked on various litigation and intellectual property matters. Before his legal career, Mr. Pliska worked as a television producer in connection with noted industry veteran Al Burton, including work at Universal Television and Castle Rock Entertainment where he produced and developed numerous television properties. Mr. Pliska contributed and worked on various programs including The New Lassie, Baywatch, Out of the Blue, and shares an Emmy Award for his contributions to television creative development. While at Berkeley Law, he worked as a research assistant to Professor John Yoo and was an extern to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals for the Judge Alex Kozinski and at the Governor’s Office of Legal Affairs in the state of California for then Governor Pete Wilson.
He has served as a mentor of the Tiger Wood’s Foundation Earl Woods Scholar program, is a member of the Pacific Council, a director of the WPT Foundation and on the board of the GOCAT (Greater Orange County Community Arts Theater). Mr. Pliska holds a B.A. from the University of Southern California’s School of Cinematic Arts and a J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley’s Law School, Boalt Hall.
Libing (Claire) Wu
Libing (Claire) Wu has served as a director of the Company since May 2021, and served as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and General Counsel from July 2021 until February 18, 2022, and as President from July 2021 until November 2021. Before joining the Company, Ms. Wu was the Vice President and General Counsel of Asia Pacific Capital, Inc, as well as Senior Counsel at the New York law firm Davidoff Hutcher & Citron LLP. Ms. Wu is a graduate of New York University School of Law, New York, USA (Master of Laws in Corporate Law) and a graduate of China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China (Master of Laws in Corporate Law). Ms. Wu received a Bachelor of Science Degree in International Economics from Nankai University, Tianjin, China, and an Advanced Professional Certificate in Law and Business from New York University Leonard N. Stern School of Business. Ms. Wu has over 15 years’ experience as a corporate and securities attorney practicing in New York, with extensive legal and business experience in cross-border transactions, U.S. securities regulation, mergers and acquisitions, capital market transactions, as well as corporate structuring and governance.
Our Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information concerning our executive officers as of the date of this Report.
Name
Position(s)
Age
Lyle Berman
Interim Chief Executive Officer
Yinghua Chen
President, Chief Investment Officer and Board Secretary
Roy L. Anderson
Chief Financial Officer
Judson Hannigan
Chief Executive Officer of Allied Esports
Lyle Berman
Interim Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Berman’s biography is included above under the section titled “Our Board of Directors.”
Yinghua Chen,
President and Board Secretary
Ms. Chen’s biography is included above under the section titled “Our Board of Directors.”
Roy L. Anderson
Chief Financial Officer
Roy L. Anderson is a senior finance executive with deep expertise and experience in financial management and reporting, accounting, internal controls, and risk management. With a focus on Technology, Media and Telecommunications, he has been a strategic and trusted advisor to CEOs, Senior Executives, Board of Directors, and investors in these industries. Most recently, Mr. Anderson was a partner with Mazars USA, an independent member firm of Mazars Group, an international accounting firm servicing clients in over 90 countries worldwide. In this role, Mr. Anderson worked closely with the top executives and investors of companies in the Technology, Media and Telecommunications (TMT) markets ranging from start-ups to companies with multinational/divisional components and revenues in excess of $500 million. As an audit, tax and advisory partner in the TMT Group of Mazars, Mr. Anderson’s clients included companies engaged in online media (B2B and B2C), entertainment, gaming, events, trade shows, digital marketing/advertising, SaaS, eCommerce, AI, lead generation, Tech-enabled services, cybersecurity, and software development. In addition, Mr. Anderson was a key member of Mazars’ SEC Practice Group. For the last several years, Mr. Anderson has been an invited speaker at key media and technology industry conferences, and presented educational webcasts on various technical issues including revenue recognition, share based compensation, and business combinations. A certified public accountant (CPA), he holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Long Island University’s School of Professional Accountancy.
Judson Hannigan
CEO of Allied Esports
With more than 15 years of global consulting, marketing and executive experience, Jud Hannigan is a co-founder and CEO of Allied Esports. Prior to co-founding Allied Esports, Mr. Hannigan was a Vice President at Ourgame International. In 2006, Mr. Hannigan founded consulting and trading company Big Turn International in Beijing, serving as Managing Director until 2015, and worked with clients throughout Asia across the Sports and Entertainment, Gaming, Television, Media and Apparel industries. Prior to moving to China in 2006, Mr. Hannigan worked in sales and partnership development for NYC Marketing, an office created by former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, where he developed and executed marketing programs with official city partners and events, including Snapple Beverage Group and the 2005 CMA Awards. Prior to NYC Marketing, Mr. Hannigan served as an intern from 2000 to 2003 in the Corporate and Community Relations division of the New York Yankees’ front office. Mr. Hannigan graduated from the University of Connecticut with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications and Journalism and also received a finance and accounting business certificate from Harvard Business School Online.
Family Relationships
Mr. Bradley Berman, one of our directors, is the son of Mr. Lyle Berman, our Co-Chairman and Interim Chief Executive Officer. There are no other family relationships between any of the other directors or executive officers.
INFORMATION REGARDING THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight
Lyle Berman and Yangyang Li serve as co-Chairman of our Board of Directors and Lyle Berman currently serves as our Interim Chief Executive Officer. We believe that having co-Chairman of the Board permits our Interim Chief Executive Officer to concentrate his efforts primarily on managing business operations and development. This also allow us to maintain an independent Chairman of the Board who oversees, among other things, communications and relations between our Board of Directors and senior management, consideration by our Board of Directors of the company’s strategies and policies, and the evaluation of our principal executive officers by our Board of Directors.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have a separately standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating committee, each of which is comprised of three independent directors. Each of the Company’s committees have a separately adopted charter which is available on the Company’s website at www.alliedesportsent.com.
Audit Committee Information
Our audit committee consists of Benjamin Oehler (chairman), Yushi Guo, Joseph Lahti, Jingsheng (Jason) Lu, and Guanzhou (Jerry) Qin.
The audit committee will, at all times, be composed exclusively of “independent directors,” as defined for audit committee members under the Nasdaq listing standards and the rules and regulations of the SEC, who are “financially literate,” as defined under Nasdaq’s listing standards. Nasdaq’s listing standards define “financially literate” as being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company’s balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. In addition, we must certify to Nasdaq that the committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of the audit committee satisfies Nasdaq’s definition of financial sophistication, and that Benjamin Oehler qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.
Pursuant to our audit committee charter, responsibilities of the audit committee include:
● reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor the annual audited financial statements, and recommending to the board whether the audited financial statements should be included in our Form 10-K;
● discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of our financial statements;
● discussing with management major risk assessment and risk management policies;
● monitoring the independence of our independent auditor;
● verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law;
● reviewing and approving all related-party transactions;
● inquiring and discussing with management our compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
● pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms of the services to be performed;
● appointing or replacing the independent auditor;
● determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work;
● establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or reports which raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies; and
● approving reimbursement of expenses incurred by our management team in identifying potential target businesses.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Information
Yangyang Li (chair), Bradley Berman, Joseph Lahti, Jingsheng (Jason) Lu, and Guanzhou (Jerry) Qin serve as members of our nominating and corporate governance committee. Each member of the nominating and corporate governance committee is independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. The nominating and corporate governance committee has a written charter. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on our Board of Directors.
The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are specified in the nominating and corporate governance committee charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:
● should have demonstrated notable or significant achievements in business, education or public service;
● should possess the requisite intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution to the board of directors and bring a range of skills, diverse perspectives and backgrounds to its deliberations; and
● should have the highest ethical standards, a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication to serving the interests of the stockholders.
The nominating and corporate governance committee will consider a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism in evaluating a person’s candidacy for membership on the board of directors. The nominating and corporate governance committee may require certain skills or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. The nominating and corporate governance committee does not distinguish among nominees recommended by stockholders and other persons.
Compensation Committee Information
Our compensation committee consists of Yushi Guo (chair), Bradley Berman, and Yangyang Li.
Each of the members of the compensation committee is independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. The compensation committee has a written charter. The compensation committee’s duties, which are specified in the compensation committee charter, include, but are not limited to:
● reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating the Company’s Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer’s based on such evaluation;
● reviewing and approving the compensation of all of our other executive officers;
● reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans;
● implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans;
● assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;
● approving all special perquisites, special cash payments, and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our executive officers and employees;
● if required, producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and
● reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of our common stock to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. These reporting persons are also required to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely upon a review of such forms, we believe that during the year ended December 31, 2021, the following filings were delinquent: Form 3 filed by Guanzhou Qin; and Form 4s filed by Lyle Berman (1 transaction), Yinghua Chen (1 transaction), Knighted Pastures, LLC (2 transactions), Yangyang Li (1 transaction), Alexander Misch (1 transaction), Frank Ng (2 transactions), and Adam Pliska (2 forms, 3 transactions).
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our officers, directors and employees (specifically including but not limited to our chief executive officer, president, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, corporate controller, and all other senior financial officers). Further, our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, corporate controller, and all other senior financial officers are also subject to the Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers, which is attached as Appendix A to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Our Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers satisfies the requirements of Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our Internet website at visit www.alliedesportsent.com.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The following tables set forth information regarding compensation awarded to or earned by our “named executive officers,” which under SEC rules and regulations include (i) all individuals serving as our principal executive officer during fiscal 2021, (ii) our two most highly compensated other individuals who were serving as executive officers at the end of fiscal 2021 and who received total compensation in excess of $100,000, and (iii) up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been required under (ii) but for the fact that they were not serving as executive officers at the end of fiscal 2021. For 2021, our named executive officers were:
● Kwok Leung Frank Ng, former Chief Executive Officer of Allied Esports Entertainment, Inc.
● Libing (Claire) Wu, former Chief Executive Officer, President and General Counsel of Allied Esports Entertainment, Inc.
● Judson Hannigan, Chief Executive Officer of Allied Esports International Inc.
● Anthony Hung, former Chief Financial Officer
●
Adam Pliska, former President of Allied Esports Entertainment, Inc. and President and CEO of WPT Enterprises, Inc.
Summary Compensation Table
Name and principal position Year Salary
($) Bonus
($) Stock Awards
($) Option Awards
($) Nonequity incentive plan compensation
($) Nonqualified deferred compensation earnings
($) All other compensation
($) Total
($)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
Claire Wu, - - - - - - - -
Former Chief Executive Officer 234,848 200,000 160,000 (1) 239,354 (2) - - 35,182 (11) 869,384
Kwok Leung Frank Ng, 166,154 - 100,000 (3) - - - - 266,154
Former Chief Executive Officer 212,354 120,000 1,000,000 (4) - - - 209,744 (5) 1,542,098
Adam Pliska, 395,985 - 211,000 (6) - - - - 606,985
Former President, CEO of the World Poker Tour 686,902 649,231 - 26,626 (7) - - 10,833 (11) 1,373,592
Judson Hannigan, 228,000 - 50,000 (8) - - - - 278,000
CEO of Allied Esports 285,000 57,000 - - - - - 342,000
Anthony Hung, 270,750 - 104,750 (9) - - - - 375,500
Former Chief Financial Officer 191,080 414,750 - - - - 30,692 (10) 636,522
(1) In connection with Ms. Wu’s appointment as Chief Executive Officer, President and General Counsel to the Company on July 13, 2021, the Company granted to Ms. Wu 80,000 shares of common stock of the Company, which were subject to transfer and forfeiture restrictions that were scheduled to lapse in their entirety on August 16, 2022. The foregoing shares of common stock vested in connection with Ms. Wu’s resignation as Chief Executive Officer and General Counsel on February 18, 2022.
(2)
On May 6, 2021, the Company granted to Ms. Wu ten-year stock options to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock for her director services, which vest in equal annual installments over four years and have an exercise price of $2.48 per share, which represents the Company’s closing stock price on the day prior to the date of grant. In connection with Ms. Wu’s appointment as Chief Executive Officer, President and General Counsel to the Company on July 13, 2021, the Company granted to Ms. Wu ten-year options to purchase up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.21 per share, that were scheduled to vest in four equal annual installments commencing on the one year anniversary of the grant date. The 200,000 options vested in connection with Ms. Wu’s resignation as Chief Executive Officer and General Counsel on February 18, 2022.
(3) Pursuant to a Restricted Stock Agreement dated effective August 7, 2020, Mr. Ng was issued 46,083 shares of restricted common stock of the Company, which vested on July 13, 2021 in connection with Mr. Ng’s resignation as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.
(4) Pursuant to a Restricted Stock Unit Agreement made effective as of January 19, 2021 (and as amended on July 13, 2021), Mr. Ng was granted restricted stock units having a stated value of $1,000,000 that vest upon the earlier of (i) the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company’s esports division, or (ii) July 12, 2023. At the time of payment, the Company may elect to pay the $1,000,000 stated value in cash or shares of common stock.
(5) Pursuant to a Release and Separation Agreement dated July 13, 2021, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Ng severance pay of $400,000 payable over a twelve-month period in connection with Mr. Ng’s resignation as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Ng received $166,667 of the payable as of December 31, 2021. In addition, Mr. Ng received $43,077 of unused vacation pay upon his resignation.
(6) Pursuant to a Restricted Stock Agreement dated effective August 7, 2020, Mr. Pliska was issued 11,521 shares of restricted common stock of the Company, which vested upon termination of Mr. Pliska’s employment without “Cause” (as defined in the agreement) in connection with the Company’s sale of the WPT business on July 12, 2021. Additionally, on August 7, 2020, Mr. Pliska was awarded 85,517 shares of common stock for services rendered in 2019.
(7) On November 11, 2021, the Company granted to Mr. Pliska ten-year stock options to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock for his consulting services, which vest in equal annual installments over four years and have an exercise price of $2.21 per share, which represents the Company’s closing stock price on the day prior to the date of grant.
(8) Pursuant to a Restricted Stock Agreement dated effective August 7, 2020, Mr. Hannigan was issued 23,042 shares of restricted common stock of the Company, which vested on August 18, 2021.
(9) Pursuant to a Restricted Stock Agreement dated effective August 6, 2020, Mr. Hung was issued 50,000 shares of restricted common stock of the Company, of which 25,000 shares vested on August 18, 2021 and the remaining 25,000 were forfeited on September 1, 2021 in connection with Mr. Hung’s resignation as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to a Restricted Stock Agreement dated effective September 24, 2020, Mr. Hung was issued 35,714 shares of restricted common stock of the Company, which vested on August 18, 2021.
(10) On September 1, 2021 Mr. Hung received $30,692 of unused vacation pay upon his resignation.
(11) Represents compensation earned for service on the Board of Directors.
In general, Allied Esports and WPT compensated its executive officers through a combination of salary, bonuses and stock or option awards. Bonuses have generally been tied to performance metrics agreed to by the applicable board of directors and if earned, are typically between 10% and 20% of the applicable employee’s annual salary (although in the case of Mr. Pliska, that bonus percentage could be as high as 60% of his annual salary). Both companies offer 401(k) benefits (including, in the case of WPT, a matching contribution of up to 4% of the employee’s annual salary), medical, dental, life insurance and disability coverage, flexible benefit accounts, and an employee assistance program. Both companies also provide vacation and other paid holidays to employees. Other than certain senior-level executives, both companies typically do not enter into employment agreements with their employees.
Frank Ng Employment Agreement
On November 5, 2019, the Company entered into a three-year written employment agreement (effective September 20, 2019) with Frank Ng, as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Under the employment agreement, Mr. Ng served as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and on its Board of Directors (the “Board”). Mr. Ng was entitled to receive an annual base salary of $300,000 and was eligible for annual bonus compensation determined by the Board (the “Bonus Payments”). Mr. Ng was entitled to participate in the Company’s benefit plans that were maintained by the Company and for which he was eligible, including, without limitation, group medical, 401(k), life insurance and other benefit plans.
Under the employment agreement, if Mr. Ng’s employment was terminated by the Company for any reason other than Cause (as defined in the employment agreement), or Mr. Ng resigned as an employee of the Company for Good Reason (as defined in the employment agreement), so long as he signed and did not revoke a release agreement, he would be entitled to receive severance comprised of one-year of his base salary, plus a prorated Bonus Payment to the extent not already paid.
On December 31, 2020, the Company and Frank Ng entered into an amendment to Mr. Ng’s employment agreement pursuant to Mr. Ng’s annual salary was increased to $400,000 per year payable in cash, and that the Company may, but was no longer required to, issue to Mr. Ng any shares of the Company’s common stock as compensation for his services.
On January 19, 2021, the Company entered into a Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Mr. Ng. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Ng received restricted stock units having a stated value equal to $1,000,000, which restricted stock units represent the right to receive $1,000,000 payable upon the earlier of the two-year anniversary of the closing date of the Sale Transaction (provided that Mr. Ng remains continuously employed by the Company through such date), or the termination of Mr. Ng’s employment without cause (as defined in his employment agreement) (as applicable, the “Vesting Date”). At the time of payment, the Company may elect pay the $1,000,000 award in cash or in shares of common stock valued at the fair market value of our common stock on the Vesting Date, or any combination thereof. All issuances of common stock will be issued from our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. If payments or benefits provided or to be provided by the Company or its affiliates to Mr. Ng pursuant to the agreement or otherwise (“Covered Payments”) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) that would be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code (collectively, the “Excise Tax”), payments to be made under the agreement will be reduced to the minimum extent necessary to ensure that no portion of the Covered Payments is subject to the Excise Tax. On March 22, 2021, the agreement was amended to provide that the Vesting Date would apply after the two-year anniversary of the sale of CSI to Element Partners, LLC, Bally’s Corporation, or their affiliates (provided that Mr. Ng remains continuously employed by the Company through such date).
On July 13, 2021, Frank Ng resigned as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. In connection with his resignation, the Company entered into a Release and Separation Agreement with Mr. Ng (the “Release”) pursuant to which, among other things, Mr. Ng. agreed to provide reasonable assistance to the Company as requested in connection with the Company’s esports division, Mr. Ng released the Company from any and all claims he may have against the Company (subject to certain exclusions), and the Company agreed to provide Mr. Ng with certain separation benefits, including $400,000 (gross) in severance pay payable over a twelve-month period, accelerated vesting of all unvested stock options previously granted to Mr. Ng pursuant to an Option Agreement dated effective November 21, 2019, and accelerated vesting of all unvested shares of restricted stock previously granted to Mr. Ng pursuant to an Executive Restricted Stock Agreement dated August 7, 2020.
In addition, the Release provides for an amendment to the terms of the restricted stock units previously granted to Mr. Ng. pursuant to a Restricted Stock Unit Agreement dated effective January 19, 2021, as amended (the “RSU Agreement”). Under the RSU Agreement, Mr. Ng was entitled to receive $1,000,000 (the “Stated Amount”) upon the earlier of July 12, 2023 (which is the two-year anniversary of the closing date of the Company’s recent sale of Club Services, Inc.), or the termination of Mr. Ng’s employment without cause (as applicable, the “Vesting Date”). At the time of payment, the Company may elect to pay Stated Amount in cash or shares of common stock, or any combination thereof. As amended, the Vesting Date will be deemed to have occurred, and Mr. Ng will be entitled to the payment of the Stated Value prior to July 12, 2023, upon an earlier sale of substantially all of the assets or equity interests comprising the Company’s esports division, as determined in the reasonable discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors; provided that Mr. Ng provides consulting services to the Company through the Vesting Date and no “separation from service,” as defined under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), occurs prior to such Vesting Date.
The Release contains a provision allowing us to reduce the amount of payments, consideration, compensation and benefits provided for in Release and under all other plans, arrangements and agreements applicable to Mr. Ng to the extent needed for Mr. Ng to avoid paying an excise tax under Code Section 280G, unless Mr. Ng is better off, on an after-tax basis, receiving the full amount of such payments and paying the excise taxes due.
The Release also contains a customary mutual non-disparagement provision.
Adam Pliska Employment Agreement
Adam Pliska, who served as the Company’s President, and currently serves as the President and CEO of the entities comprising the World Poker Tour (the “WPT Entities”), was party to an Executive Engagement Agreement with Ourgame, dated as of January 24, 2018, and amended in June 2018 (the “Pliska Employment Agreement”). Ourgame’s obligations under the Pliska Employment Agreement were assumed by the Company in connection with the Merger that was consummated in August 2019. On April 24, 2020, the Company, Ourgame, Trisara, and Adam Pliska entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Pliska Assignment”) to document the assumption. Effective as of May 1, 2020, Mr. Pliska’s annual salary was reduced by 10% to approximately $377,000 for a six-month period.
In addition to the standard 401(k), healthcare, paid vacation and similar benefits provided to all employees, the Pliska Employment Agreement contains the following general terms:
● Four-year term, expiring on January 24, 2022 (the “Term”), subject to renewal upon mutual agreement.
● Annual salary (subject to annual review) of not less than $400,000, whereby $315,000 is allocated to his employment services and $85,000 is allocated to consultancy and board compensation services (the “Consulting Compensation”) payable to a consulting company Mr. Pliska is a member of, Trisara Ventures, LLC (“Trisara”). If Mr. Pliska no longer provides consulting and board services during the Term, his salary would be increased to make up the loss of the Consulting Compensation.
● If Mr. Pliska’s employment is terminated for any reason during the Term, he will be entitled to any payments due under the Pliska Employment Agreements, including all salary and Consulting Compensation that would have been paid during the Term. After the Term or any renewal thereof, Mr. Pliska will be entitled to a severance payment of 12 month’s salary (including Consulting Compensation) plus 12 months of benefits if his employment is terminated for any reason other than fraud, misappropriation, dishonesty, stealing and/or embezzlement (each a termination for “Cause”).
● In the event of the termination of Mr. Pliska’s employment of the sale of WPT from Ourgame, Ourgame’s obligations to Trisara will continue; provided, however, the current maximum yearly payment shall increase from $85,000 to $150,000 (adjusted yearly to higher of inflation or the deemed inflation rate of Ourgame)
● Upon any termination of Mr. Pliska’s employment, in light of his over 15 years of experience with WPT, Trisara will continue to receive a consulting fee of $100,000 per year (subject to increase for inflation) for as long as is legally permissible, up to a maximum of forty (40) years; provided that Mr. Pliska will not take full time employment with the World Series of Poker without the written consent of WPT for so long as such payments are made.
● Annual performance bonuses upon reaching certain EBITDA performance objectives of up to 40% of Mr. Pliska’s annual salary, as well as bonuses of up to 60% of Mr. Pliska’s base salary if he exceeds such performance objectives.
● Grant of equity incentives in any annual grant program at a level commensurate for his title and subject to established performance standards.
● A bonus payable to Trisara upon the sale of WPT equal to 2% of the total gross proceeds up to $45 million from the sale of the WPT business, and an additional 1% of any proceeds over $45 million. Because the WPT business was valued at $50 million for purposes of the Merger, Trisara was entitled to a payment of $950,000 in connection with the above provisions upon the closing of the Merger. This bonus was paid at the closing of the Merger by the issuance of 144,158 restricted shares of AESE common stock, which are subject to transfer and forfeiture restrictions.
● The right to receive a profitability payment of up to $1.5 million in the event the WPT business reduced its losses or became profitable during the term of the Pliska Employment Agreement. Pursuant to Ourgame’s and WPT’s standard employee bonus policies, in early 2019, Ourgame and WPT determined that Mr. Pliska is entitled to receive the full $1.5 million payment. This bonus was paid at the closing of the Merger.
● Unless terminated for Cause, any termination of Mr. Pliska would immediately accelerate the vesting of any unvested equity awards previously granted.
● Mr. Pliska is prohibited during the Term from (i) becoming employed in any activity similar to or competitive with the business or activities of AESE, provided that legal services, investment services and non-poker related television shall not be deemed competitive if not engaged on a full time basis (ii) seeking to persuade any director, officer, employee, agent or independent contractor of AESE to discontinue that individual’s status or employment with AESE; (iii) hiring or retaining any such person who is at such time or was associated with AESE within one year prior to the cessation of the employment of Mr. Pliska; or (iv) soliciting (or causing or authorizing), directly or indirectly, to be solicited, for or on behalf of himself or any third party, any business from others who are then or were at any time within one (1) year prior to the cessation of Mr. Pliska’s employment, except for Mr. Pliska’s long-time assistant if he so chooses.
● Mr. Pliska further agrees in the Pliska Employment Agreement to keep all confidential information of AESE confidential.
On December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Change in Control Agreement with Adam Pliska. Pursuant to this agreement, if Mr. Pliska remained employed by the Company on the occurrence of a “Change in Control” (as such term is defined in the agreement), Mr. Pliska would be entitled to a cash bonus in the amount of $420,000 upon the closing of the Change in Control. Under the agreement, a “Change in Control” would occur if a third party became a beneficial owner of securities of WPT representing 50% or more of the voting power of all of WPT’s then-outstanding securities; or if our Board of Directors approved the sale of all, or substantially all, of the business or assets of WPT or the liquidation or dissolution of WPT, and such transaction is consummated. The sale of the WPT constituted a Change in Control and, as a result, Mr. Pliska received a cash bonus of $420,000 upon the closing of the sale transaction on July 12, 2021.
On July 12, 2021, in connection with the sale of the WPT business by the Company, the Pliska Employment Agreement was amended to replace the Company as a party with Club Services, Inc, a former subsidiary of the Company, resulting in Mr. Pliska’s services being a part of the WPT Business acquired by the buyer in the sale transaction. The amendment further extended the employment term by one year, and the Company was released from all obligations under the Pliska Employment Agreement for periods from and after the closing of the sale transaction.
Libing (Claire) Wu Employment Agreement
In connection with the Company’s appointment of Libing (Claire) Wu as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on July 13, 2021, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Wu that provided for, among other things, payment to Ms. Wu of an annual base salary equal to $500,000, subject to cost-of-living adjustments applicable to Company employee salaries from time to time. Ms. Wu was eligible to receive an annual incentive bonus of up to 60% of her annual salary, determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors and subject to the attainment of certain Board objectives. Ms. Wu received a $200,000 bonus payable upon commencement of her employment. Ms. Wu was also eligible to participate in the standard employee benefit plans generally available to executive employees of the Company.
Under her employment agreement, if Ms. Wu’s employment was terminated by the Company for any reason other than Cause (as defined in the employment agreement), or Ms. Wu resigned as an employee of the Company for Good Reason (as defined in the employment agreement), so long as she has signed and has not revoked a release agreement, she would be entitled to receive severance in the form of continued base salary payments over a period of 18 months, and the vesting of all of her stock options and restricted stock grants would automatically accelerate.
If payments or benefits provided by the Company to Ms. Wu pursuant to her employment agreement constituted “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code that would be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code (collectively, the “Excise Tax”), the parachute payments would be reduced to an amount such that the aggregate of the parachute payments does not exceed 2.99 times the “base amount,” as defined in Code Section 280G.
The employment agreement provided that that the Company would use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause Ms. Wu to be elected as a member of the Board of Director throughout her term of employment.
On February 18, 2022, Ms. Wu resigned as Chief Executive Officer and General Counsel of the Company. In connection with her resignation, the Company entered into a Separation Agreement and Release with Ms. Wu (the “Separation Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, Ms. Wu. released the Company from any and all claims she may have against the Company (subject to certain exclusions), and the Company agreed to provide Ms. Wu with certain separation benefits, including $750,000 (gross) in severance pay payable over an 18-month period, accelerated vesting of 200,000 unvested stock options previously granted to Ms. Wu pursuant to an Option Agreement dated effective July 13, 2021, extended the exercise period to exercise such options to July 13, 2031, respectively, and accelerated vesting of 80,000 shares of restricted stock previously granted to Ms. Wu pursuant to an Executive Restricted Stock Agreement dated July 13, 2021. The Separation Agreement also contains a customary non-disparagement provision.
Jud Hannigan Employment Arrangement
Jud Hannigan, the Chief Executive Officer of Allied Esports International Inc., has an at-will employment arrangement with Allied Esports International, Inc. Mr. Hannigan’s current annual salary is $285,000. Effective as of May 1, 2020, Mr. Hannigan’s annual salary was reduced by 40% to approximately $171,000 for a six-month period. Mr. Hannigan is entitled to annual bonus compensation of up to 40% of his salary as determined by the Board. Mr. Hannigan participates in our employee benefit plans, policies, programs, perquisites and arrangements to the extent he meets applicable eligibility requirements.
New Employment Arrangements
In connection with Mr. Berman’s appointment as Interim Chief Executive Officer, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Berman an annual base salary equal to $300,000, on an at-will employment basis. In connection with Ms. Chen’s appointment as President, the Company agreed to pay Ms. Chen an annual base salary equal to $275,000, on an at-will employment basis.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s named executive officers had outstanding the following option and/or stock awards:
Option Awards
Stock Awards
Name
Number of securities underlying unexercised options exercisable
Number of securities underlying unexercised options unexercisable
Equity incentive plan awards: Number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options
Option exercise price
Option expiration
date
Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested
Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested
Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested
Equity incentive plan awards: Market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested
(a)
(#)
(#)
(#)
($)
(#)
($)
(#)
($)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
Kwok Leung Frank Ng
20,000
-
-
5.66
9/20/2029
-
-
-
-
Libing (Claire) Wu
-
40,000
-
2.48
5/6/2031
-
-
-
-
-
200,000
-
2.21
7/13/2031
80,000
160,000
-
-
Judson Hannigan
85,000
85,000
-
4.09
11/21/2029
-
-
-
-
Tony Hung
42,500
-
-
4.09
11/21/2029
-
-
-
-
Adam Pliska
20,000
20,000
5.66
9/20/2029
-
-
-
-
170,000
-
-
4.09
11/21/2029
-
-
-
-
-
25,000
-
2.21
11/11/2021
-
-
-
-
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation earned for service on our Board of Directors by our directors during the year ended December 31, 2021 (other than our directors included as named executive officers above).
Director Compensation Table
Fees earned or paid in cash
Stock awards(1)
Option awards(1)
Non-equity incentive plan compensation
Nonqualified deferred compensation earnings
All other compensation
Total
Name
($)
($)
($)
($)
($)
($)
($)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Bradley Berman
59,120
25,000
-
-
-
-
84,120
Lyle Berman
61,620
25,000
53,252
-
-
-
139,872
Yinghua Chen
60,787
25,000
79,878
-
-
-
165,665
Yushi Guo
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tae Hyung Steve Kim(6)
46,755
25,000
-
-
-
-
71,755
Ho Min Kim(2)
-
25,000
-
-
-
-
25,000
Joseph Lahti
59,120
25,000
-
-
-
-
84,120
Jerry Lewin(3)
52,642
-
36,444
-
-
-
89,086
Yangyang Li
53,578
-
36,444
-
-
-
90,022
Jingsheng (Jason) Lu
50,558
-
36,444
-
-
-
87,002
Alexander Misch(4)
40,307
-
-
-
-
-
40,307
Benjamin Oehler
61,204
25,000
-
-
-
-
86,204
Guanzhou (Jerry) Qin
2,111
-
-
-
-
-
2,111
Maya Rogers(5)
8,493
25,000
-
-
-
-
33,493
(1) The amounts shown represent compensation expense recognized for financial statement purposes under ASC Topic 718. Pursuant to SEC rules, the amounts shown exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. For a discussion of the assumptions relating to our valuations of these stock awards and option awards, please see Note 13 to the financial statements included in this Report. These amounts reflect our accounting expense for these stock awards and option awards and do not correspond to the actual value that may be recognized by the directors.
(2) Mr. Kim resigned from the Board on May 5, 2021.
(3) Mr. Lewin resigned from the Board on February 18, 2022.
(4) Mr. Misch resigned from the Board on November 5, 2021.
(5) Ms. Rogers resigned from the Board on May 5, 2021.
(6) Mr. Kim resigned from the Board on August 12, 2021.
Director Compensation Program
On July 6, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the following compensation for non-executive directors: (i) annual $30,000 fee for director services; (ii) annual $10,000 fee for non-chair committee services (capped at $10,000 per director); and (iii) annual $15,000 fee for committee chairs (capped at $15,000 per director). The Company has the option to pay such amounts in cash or stock from the Company’s incentive plan (valued at the closing price of AESE common stock on the trading day immediately prior to issuance), with the current fees payable in cash. The fees are payable monthly by the Company.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The Company maintains a 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The purpose of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan is to enable the Company to offer to employees, officers, and directors of, and consultants to, the Company and its subsidiaries whose past, present and/or potential future contributions to the Company and its subsidiaries have been, are or will be important to the success of the Company, an opportunity to share monetarily in the success of and/or acquire an equity interest in the Company. 3,763,305 shares of our common stock have been approved for issuance under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, of which 304,904 shares remained available for issuance pursuant to future grants at December 31, 2021.
The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by our stockholders. The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2021 with respect to securities authorized for issuance under compensation arrangements.
Plan category
Number of
securities to
be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
Weighted-average
exercise price
of outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future issuance
under equity
compensation
plans (excluding
securities
reflected in
column (a))
(a)
(b)
(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
2,715,000
$ 3.77
304,904
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
-
-
-
Total
2,715,000
$ 3.77
304,904
Beneficial Ownership
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of May 20, 2022 by:
● each person we believe beneficially holds more than 5% of our outstanding common shares (based solely on our review of SEC filings);
● each of our “named executive officers” as identified in the summary compensation table; and
● all of our current directors and executive officers as a group.
The number of shares beneficially owned by a person includes shares issuable under options, warrants and other securities convertible into common stock held by that person and that are currently exercisable or that become exercisable within 60 days of May 20, 2022. Percentage calculations assume, for each person and group, that all shares that may be acquired by such person or group pursuant to options, warrants and other convertible securities currently exercisable or that become exercisable within 60 days of May 20, 2022 are outstanding. Nevertheless, shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of presently unexercised options, warrants and other convertible securities are not deemed to be outstanding for purposes of calculating the “Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned” by any other person or any other group.
Except as otherwise indicated in the table or its footnotes, the persons in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where applicable.
As of May 20, 2022, we had 39,116,907 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owners(1)
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Percentage of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Five Percent Stockholders:
Roy Choi(2)
8,244,158
21.0 %
Primo Vital Limited(3)
15,112,163
35.8 %
Directors and Named Executive Officers:
Roy L. Anderson
-
-
Bradley Berman(4)
82,325
*
Lyle Berman(4)
1,115,459
2.9 %
Yinghua Chen(5)
45,302
*
Yushi Guo
-
-
Jud Hannigan(6)
236,725
*
Anthony Hung(7)
30,357
*
Joseph Lahti(4)
82,325
*
Yangyang Li(8)
15,122,163
35.8 %
Jingsheng Lu(9)
15,122,163
35.8 %
Frank Ng(10)
649,046
1.6 %
Benjamin S. Oehler(4)
79,325
*
Adam Pliska(11)
449,862
1.1 %
Guanzhou (Jerry) Qin
-
-
Libing (Claire) Wu(12)
290,050
*
All current directors and executive officers, as a group (13 individuals)(13)
17,513,536
41.9 %
* Less than 1%
(1) Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is 745 Fifth Ave, Suite 500, New York, NY 10151. Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.
(2) Based on a joint Schedule 13D filed on January 29, 2021, as amended on January 20, 2022, by Knighted Pastures LLC and Roy Choi. Includes 190,000 five-year warrants to purchase shares of Company common stock at a price per share of $11.50 that are currently exercisable.
(3) Based on a joint Schedule 13D filed on September 18, 2019. Includes warrants to purchase 3,125,640 shares of common stock that are currently exercisable.
(4) Includes options to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 20, 2022.
(5) Includes options to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 20, 2022.
(6) Shares include (i) 90,350 five-year warrants to purchase shares of Company common stock at a price per share of $11.50 issued in the merger with Allied Esports Media, Inc. on August 9, 2019 (the “Merger”), and (ii) options to purchase 42,500 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 20, 2022.
(7) Mr. Hung resigned as Chief Financial Officer effective September 1, 2021.
(8) Mr. Li is the current Chairman, and an Executive Director of Ourgame International Holdings Limited (“Ourgame”), the beneficial owner of Primo Vital Limited (“Primo”). Mr. Li may exercise voting and dispositive power over the shares beneficially owned by Primo and disclaims any beneficial ownership in such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in Ourgame. Shares include options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 20, 2022.
(9) Mr. Lu serves as an executive director and the Chief Executive Officer of Ourgame, the beneficial owner of Primo. Mr. Lu may exercise voting and dispositive power over the shares beneficially owned by Primo and disclaims any beneficial ownership in such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in Ourgame. Shares include options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 20, 2022.
(10) Mr. Ng. resigned as a director on May 6, 2021 and as the Chief Executive Officer on July 13, 2021. Shares include (i) warrants to purchase 106,233 shares of common stock that are currently exercisable; and (iii) options to purchase 320,000 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 27, 2021.
(11) Shares include (i) 95,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock at a price per share of $11.50 issued on August 9, 2019 to Mr. Pliska that are currently exercisable; (ii) 7,024 five-year warrants to purchase shares of Company common stock at a price per share of $11.50 issued on August 9, 2019 that are currently exercisable; (iii) 38,000 warrants issued to The Lipscomb/Viscoli Children’s Trust (the “Trust”), of which Mr. Pliska is trustee, to purchase shares of Company common stock at a price per share of $11.50 that are currently exercisable; and (iv) options to purchase 190,000 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 20, 2022. Mr. Pliska serves as a director of the Company and disclaims any pecuniary interest in the warrants set forth in item (iii).
(12) Shares options to purchase 210,000 shares of common stock that are exercisable within 60 days after May 20, 2022.
(13) Consists of shares beneficially owned by our current directors and current executive officers.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Related Party Policy
Our Code of Ethics requires us to avoid, wherever possible, all related party transactions that could result in actual or potential conflicts of interests, except under guidelines approved by the Board of Directors (or the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee). Related-party transactions are defined as transactions in which (1) the aggregate amount involved will or may be expected to exceed $120,000 in any calendar year, (2) we or any of our subsidiaries is a participant, and (3) any (a) executive officer, director or nominee for election as a director, (b) greater than 5% beneficial owner of our shares of common stock, or (c) immediate family member, of the persons referred to in clauses (a) and (b), has or will have a direct or indirect material interest (other than solely as a result of being a director or a less than 10% beneficial owner of another entity). A “conflict of interest” exists when a person’s private interests interfere in any way (or appear to interfere) with the interests of the Company. A conflict of interest can arise when an officer, director or employee takes actions or has personal interests that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may also arise when an officer, director or employee, or members of his or her family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position at the Company.
Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will be responsible for reviewing and approving related-party transactions to the extent we enter into such transactions. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider all relevant factors when determining whether to approve a related party transaction, including whether the related party transaction is on terms no less favorable to us than terms generally available from an unaffiliated third-party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction. No director may participate in the approval of any transaction in which he is a related party, but that director is required to provide the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee with all material information concerning the transaction. We also require each of our directors and executive officers to complete a directors’ and officers’ questionnaire that elicits information about related party transactions.
These procedures are intended to determine whether any such related party transaction impairs the independence of a director or presents a conflict of interest on the part of a director, employee or officer.
Transactions with Related Persons
Since January 1, 2021, we have engaged in the following transactions with our directors, executive officers and holders of 5% or more of our voting securities, and affiliates of our directors, executive officers and holders of 5% or more of our voting securities. We believe that all of these transactions were on terms as favorable as could have been obtained from unrelated third parties.
During August 2021, the Company received a $2.3 million expense reimbursement request Ourgame International Holdings Limited (“Ourgame”), the beneficial owner of approximately 35.8% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, related to accounting, finance and legal expenses incurred by Ourgame in connection with the Company’s reverse merger in 2019 and the sale of the WPT business in 2021. Ourgame is subject to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “HKEX Rules”), and such transactions required the expenditure of significant expenses by Ourgame to ensure its continued compliance with the HKEX Rules requiring, among other things, convening meetings of its stockholders to obtain stockholder approvals related to such transactions. Ourgame alleged that Ourgame did not previously retain $1,000,000 of bridge loan proceeds to which it remained entitled for reimbursement of expenses incurred by Ourgame in connection with the Company’s reverse merger with Black Ridge Acquisition Corp. in August 2019, pursuant to the terms of the Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated August 5, 2019 among the Company, Ourgame, Noble Link Global Limited and Allied Esports Media, Inc. Ourgame further alleged that former officers of the Company verbally agreed to reimburse expenses incurred by Ourgame in connection with the Company’s sale of the WPT business in July 2021. The Company’s Audit Committee and Board of Directors evaluated the approval, authorization, nature and reasonableness of the costs related to these claims, and discussed resolution of these claims with Ourgame. On April 13, 2022, the Company and Ourgame resolved such claims pursuant to the terms of a settlement agreement in which the Company paid to Ourgame $1.8 million to finally resolve such claims.
Three of our directors are affiliates of Ourgame. Yangyang Li, the co-Chairman of our Board, is the current Chairman, and an executive director of Ourgame. Jingsheng Lu, a director of the Company, is the current Chief Executive Officer and executive director of Ourgame. Yushi Guo, a director of the Company, currently serves as an independent non-executive director of Ourgame. Each of the forgoing directors disclosed to our Board of Directors such positions and abstained from the approval of the settlement agreement by our Board of Directors.
Independence of Directors
Nasdaq listing standards require that a majority of our Board of Directors be “independent directors” as defined by The Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. We currently have seven “independent directors”, Messrs. Bradley Berman, Yushi Guo, Joseph Lahti, Yangyang Li, Jingsheng (Jason) Lu, Benjamin Oehler, and Guanzhou (Jerry) Qin.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The firm of Marcum LLP acts as our independent registered public accounting firm. The following is a summary of fees billed by Marcum LLP for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The following table presents the aggregate fees billed by Marcum LLP for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Audit Fees(1) $ 401,125 $ 284,505
Audit-Related Fees(2) - -
Tax Fees(3) - -
All Other Fees(4) - -
Total Fees $ 401,125 $ 284,505
(1) Audit Fees consist of fees for professional services rendered for the audit of our consolidated annual financial statements and review of the interim consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
(2) Audit-Related Fees consist principally of assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements but not reported under the caption Audit Fees above. These services include attest services that are not required by statute or regulation and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.
(3) Tax Fees typically consist of fees for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning.
(4) All Other Fees typically consist of fees for permitted non-audit products and services provided.
Pre-Approval Policy
The audit committee has and will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit).
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” on page and “Exhibit Index” on page 55.
(b) See “Exhibit Index” on page 55.
(c) Not applicable.