EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 813828
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 813828_10-K_2022_0000813828-22-000005.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1.
Business.
Overview
We are a leading global media and entertainment company that creates premium content and experiences for audiences worldwide. We offer broadcast and cable television programming, innovative streaming services and digital video products, provide powerful capabilities in production, distribution and advertising solutions, and have one of the industry’s most extensive libraries of television and film titles. Our portfolio of iconic consumer brands includes Paramount+, Pluto TV, CBS, Showtime Networks, Paramount Pictures, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central and BET. Effective February 16, 2022, we are changing our name to Paramount Global, a name that represents our rich and storied history in entertainment and embraces our transition into the future.
Our global ecosystem of pay, free and premium streaming services grew significantly in 2021. Global streaming subscribers grew to 56.1 million as of December 31, 2021, an 88% increase year-over-year. We rebranded CBS All Access as Paramount+, our subscription streaming service that combines live sports, news and entertainment content, reaching 32.8 million global subscribers as of December 31, 2021. Pluto TV, our free advertising-supported streaming television (“FAST”) service, surpassed $1 billion in revenue for the year and reached 64.4 million global monthly active users (“MAUs”) for December 2021, a 49% increase year-over-year. We are investing in and scaling our streaming ecosystem through compelling content, broad distribution and international expansion.
In 2021, we demonstrated the continued breadth and depth of our content capabilities across broadcast and cable television, streaming and film. We attracted viewers domestically with sports, news and live events, including the National Football League (the “NFL”) and Union of European Football Associations (“UEFA”) games, 60 Minutes and Adele One Night Only. Hit movies included A Quiet Place Part II, which launched in theaters and on Paramount+ following a 45-day theatrical window, and PAW Patrol: The Movie and Clifford the Big Red Dog, which in the United States (“U.S.”) were released “day and date” in theaters and on Paramount+. CBS remained the most-watched network in Daytime and Late Night, and we had more top 25 original cable series among key demographics than any other cable family. We are working to leverage our successful linear content to drive growth in streaming. 1883, Taylor Sheridan’s prequel to Yellowstone, debuted in 2021 as both the most watched
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original scripted drama on Paramount+ and, as part of a special airing on Paramount Network, the highest rated cable series premiere since 2015.
From our studios to streaming, we focused on expanding our global footprint and building key partnerships in 2021. We launched Pluto TV in Italy and announced plans to launch in the Nordics in 2022. We announced a strategic partnership to launch Paramount+ on Sky platforms in certain western European countries, as well as a joint venture with Comcast to launch SkyShowtime, a new streaming service expected to be available in more than 20 European territories. We acquired a majority stake in Fox TeleColombia & Estudios TeleMexico, which, when combined with production capabilities of ViacomCBS International Studios (“VIS”) and our broadcasters Televisión Federal S.A. (“Telefe”) and Chilevisión, solidified our status as a leading global Spanish-language content creator.
Our traditional business remained strong in 2021, where affiliate revenues continued to benefit from expanded distribution and advertising revenues benefited from an improved marketplace and EyeQ, our digital advertising platform that reaches millions of full-episode monthly unique viewers in the U.S. We entered into comprehensive agreements with key distributors that included our portfolio of streaming services, in addition to continued carriage of our cable and broadcast television networks.
In 2021, we continued to execute on our commitment to divest noncore assets, including CBS’ former headquarters, commonly known as Black Rock, as well as CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles, California. And in March 2021, we completed public equity offerings in which we raised approximately $2.7 billion in net proceeds. These transactions increased our ability to invest in our strategic growth priorities, including streaming.
We continued our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion (“DE&I”) in 2021. We hosted our third annual Global Inclusion Week, a weeklong initiative featuring conversations, panels and workshops designed to ensure our workforce and culture reflect, celebrate and elevate the diversity of our audiences and communities. We also launched Content for Change, a companywide initiative designed to use the power of our content, creative supply chain and culture to counteract the narratives that enable racism, bias, stereotypes and hate. Building on our 2020 companywide Materiality Assessment and first Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Report, in 2021 we released our second ESG Report, which included our first set of overarching goals across our three environmental, social and governance pillars. We also hosted our 25th annual Community Day, the second consecutive fully virtual event, which is a global day of community service focused on causes and issues that resonate with our employees and audiences.
In 2021, we operated through the following segments:
•TV Entertainment. Our TV Entertainment segment consisted of the CBS Television Network, our domestic broadcast network; CBS Studios and CBS Media Ventures, the segment’s television production and syndication operations; CBS Sports Network, CBS Sports’ 24-hour cable channel; CBS Stations, our owned broadcast television stations in the U.S.; and a number of streaming services, including our direct-to-consumer subscription streaming service, Paramount+ (in the U.S.), and several CBS-branded streaming services, including CBS News Streaming and CBS Sports HQ. TV Entertainment accounted for approximately 44% of our consolidated revenues in 2021 (after the elimination of intercompany revenues).
•Cable Networks. Our Cable Networks segment consisted of a portfolio of premium and basic cable networks, including SHOWTIME, BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network and Smithsonian Channel; a number of direct-to-consumer streaming services, including Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service (“SHOWTIME OTT”) and Pluto TV, our FAST service; and ViacomCBS Networks International (“VCNI”), which operates international extensions of Paramount+, Pluto TV and our Cable Networks brands and services, our international free-to-air networks and VIS, which produces content for our brands and streaming services, as well as for third parties. Cable Networks accounted for approximately 47% of our consolidated revenues in 2021 (after the elimination of intercompany revenues).
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•Filmed Entertainment. Our Filmed Entertainment segment consisted of Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation, Paramount Television Studios and Miramax. Filmed Entertainment accounted for approximately 9% of our consolidated revenues in 2021 (after the elimination of intercompany revenues).
During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster, which was previously reported as our Publishing segment. Simon & Schuster is presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Notes 1 and 20 to the consolidated financial statements.
Beginning in 2022, primarily as a result of our increased strategic focus on our direct-to-consumer businesses, we made certain changes to how we manage our businesses and allocate resources that resulted in a change to our operating segments. Accordingly, beginning in the first quarter of 2022, we expect to report results based on the following segments:
•TV Media. Our TV Media segment consists of our historical TV Entertainment and Cable Networks segments, except that it no longer includes their corresponding direct-to-consumer streaming services (now part of our Direct-to-Consumer segment) as well as Nickelodeon Studio (now part of our Filmed Entertainment segment), and now includes Paramount Television Studios (formerly part of our historical Filmed Entertainment segment).
•Direct-to-Consumer. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment consists of our portfolio of pay, free and premium streaming services, including Paramount+, Pluto TV, SHOWTIME OTT, BET+ and Noggin.
•Filmed Entertainment. Our Filmed Entertainment segment consists of our historical Filmed Entertainment segment, except that it no longer includes Paramount Television Studios (now part of our TV Media segment) and now includes Nickelodeon Studio (formerly part of our historical Cable Networks segment).
We were organized as a Delaware corporation in 1986. In December 2019, we changed our name to ViacomCBS Inc. in connection with the merger of Viacom Inc. (“Viacom”) and CBS Corporation (“CBS”) (the “Merger”). Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this document to “ViacomCBS,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean ViacomCBS Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, to “CBS” mean CBS and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger and to “Viacom” mean Viacom and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger. Effective February 16, 2022, we are changing our name to Paramount Global.
Our principal offices are located at 1515 Broadway, New York, New York 10036. Our telephone number is (212) 258-6000 and our website is www.ViacomCBS.com. Information included on or accessible through our website is not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We have two classes of common stock, Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, both of which are listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Owners of our Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share. Our Class B Common Stock does not have voting rights. As of December 31, 2021, National Amusements, Inc. (“NAI”), a closely held corporation that owns and operates movie screens in the U.S., the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and South America and manages additional movie screens in South America, directly or indirectly owned approximately 77.4% of our voting Class A Common Stock, and approximately 9.7% of our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock on a combined basis. NAI is not subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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Our Segments in 2021
TV Entertainment
TV Entertainment consisted of the CBS Television Network, our domestic broadcast network; CBS Studios and CBS Media Ventures, the segment’s television production and syndication operations; CBS Sports Network, CBS Sports’ 24-hour cable channel; CBS Stations, our owned broadcast television stations in the U.S.; and a number of streaming services, including our direct-to-consumer subscription streaming service, Paramount+ (in the U.S.), and several CBS-branded streaming services, including CBS News Streaming and CBS Sports HQ.
TV Entertainment’s revenues were generated primarily from advertising; affiliate revenues comprised of fees received from television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“reverse compensation”), fees for authorizing multichannel video programming distributors’ (“MVPDs”) and third-party live television streaming services’ (“virtual MVPDs” or “vMVPDs”) carriage of our owned television stations; streaming revenues, principally comprised of advertising and subscription revenues generated by the segment’s streaming services and from digital video advertisements on our websites and in our video content on third-party platforms; and the licensing and distribution of our content and other rights. In 2021, TV Entertainment advertising, licensing and other, affiliate and streaming generated approximately 41%, 25%, 22% and 12%, respectively, of the segment’s total revenues. TV Entertainment generated approximately 44%, 41% and 43% of our consolidated revenues in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively (after the elimination of intercompany revenues).
Paramount+
Paramount+, our digital subscription video on-demand and live streaming service, combines live sports, news and entertainment content. Paramount+ features an expansive catalogue of original series, hit shows and popular movies across every genre from our brands and production studios, including CBS, BET, Comedy Central, MTV, Nickelodeon, Paramount Network, the Smithsonian Channel and Paramount Pictures, and from third parties.
Domestically, Paramount+ is home to livestreamed CBS Sports programming, including golf, football, auto racing and basketball. A destination for soccer fans, Paramount+ features more than 2,000 live and on-demand matches each year, including select matches from UEFA, Italy’s Serie A, and the National Women’s Soccer League (“NWSL”). Paramount+ also enables subscribers to stream local CBS Stations live across the U.S. in addition to other live channels, including CBS News Streaming for 24-hour news, CBS Sports HQ for sports news and analysis, and ET Live for entertainment coverage. Domestic highlights in 2021 include A Quiet Place Part II, Clifford the Big Red Dog, Mayor of Kingstown, Yellowstone prequel 1883, PAW Patrol, a variety of content from the Star Trek universe, a pair of original South Park movies and the NFL.
Paramount+ is available in two formats in the U.S.: Premium, an advertising-free (with the exception of livestreamed content) offering that includes all the benefits of Paramount+ for a monthly fee; and Essential, an advertising-supported offering available for a lower monthly fee that includes the NFL but does not include livestreamed local CBS Stations content.
Internationally, Paramount+ is home to hit movies, including titles from Paramount Pictures, as well as scripted dramas from SHOWTIME, Paramount Television Studios, CBS Studios and a robust offering of premium local content from VIS and third parties. International highlights in 2021 include Parot, Before I Forget, To Catch a Thief and 100 Days to Fall in Love.
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CBS Television Network
The CBS Television Network (the “CBS Network”), through CBS Entertainment, CBS News and CBS Sports, distributes entertainment programming, news, public affairs broadcasts and sports. Network content also is available on the internet, including through: CBS.com, CBSSports.com and related software applications (“apps”); our streaming services, such as Paramount+, CBS News Streaming and Pluto TV; and MVPDs and vMVPDs.
CBS Entertainment acquires or develops and schedules the programming on the CBS Network, which includes primetime comedies and dramas, reality, specials, kids’ programs, daytime dramas, game shows and late night. The CBS Network’s top-rated series include NCIS, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and The Price is Right.
CBS News operates a worldwide news organization, providing the CBS Network and CBS News Radio with regularly scheduled news and public affairs broadcasts, including 60 Minutes, 48 Hours, CBS Evening News, CBS Mornings, CBS Sunday Morning and Face the Nation.
CBS Sports broadcasts on the CBS Network include certain regular season games from the NFL’s American Football Conference (“AFC”) and National Football Conference, as well as postseason AFC wild card playoff, AFC divisional playoff and championship games, and, on a rotating basis with other networks, the Super Bowl; the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (the “NCAA”) Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament, which we also broadcast on a rotating basis with other networks, and marquee regular-season college basketball games, including conference championship games from the Big Ten, Mountain West, Atlantic 10 and Missouri Valley; regular-season college football games, including games from the Southeastern Conference; PGA Tour golf tournaments; the Masters; the PGA Championship; and certain games from the UEFA Champions League, including the semifinals and finals.
The CW, a broadcast network and our joint venture with Warner Bros. Entertainment, airs programming targeting younger viewers. Eight of our owned television stations are affiliates of The CW.
CBS Studios
CBS Studios is a leading content supplier that produces series across broadcast television, cable and streaming. CBS Studios maintains an extensive library of intellectual property, including the genre-defining and ever-growing Star Trek universe. CBS Studios’ broadcast television productions include Blue Bloods, CSI: Vegas and the FBI and NCIS franchises for the CBS Network. In cable, CBS Studios productions include Your Honor and The Man Who Fell to Earth for SHOWTIME. Streaming productions include the Star Trek franchise, The Good Fight, Evil, Seal Team and Why Women Kill for Paramount+; Dead to Me for Netflix; and Carpool Karaoke: The Series and Swagger for Apple TV+. CBS Studios also produces award-winning late night and daytime talk shows, such as The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, The Late Late Show with James Corden and The Talk. CBS Studios also develops, produces and distributes local language and international content originating outside of the U.S., with series in the U.K., Europe, the Middle East, Australia and Asia.
CBS Media Ventures
CBS Media Ventures (“CMV”) produces or distributes first-run syndicated daily and weekly programming, across various dayparts and genres, including talk shows, court shows, game shows and newsmagazines. First-run syndication is original series programming licensed on a market-by-market basis to television stations for exhibition on local broadcast television and streaming. Examples of CMV’s first-run programming include The Dr. Phil Show, Entertainment Tonight, Jeopardy!, Wheel of Fortune, Rachael Ray and The Drew Barrymore Show. CMV also handles the domestic distribution for exhibition on television and streaming services of content produced by CBS Studios, after its initial exhibition on broadcast television (“off-network syndicated programming”). Off-network syndicated programming and first-run syndicated programming distributed domestically can be sold in successive sales windows, which may occur on an exclusive or nonexclusive basis.
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CMV engages in national advertising and integrated marketing sales for the first-run and off-network programming it distributes, as well as serving as the national advertising sales agent for other major syndicators. CMV also operates and distributes Dabl, a multiplatform, advertiser-supported lifestyle network.
CBS Sports Network
The CBS Sports Network is CBS Sports’ 24-hour cable channel that provides a diverse slate of sports and related content. The network televises live professional, amateur and college events, including Division I college football, basketball, hockey and lacrosse, certain games from the NWSL, certain men’s and women’s international soccer games, including certain FIFA 2022 World Cup Concacaf qualifiers, FIFA 2023 Women’s World Cup qualifiers, UEFA Champions League games and Scottish Professional Football League games. In addition, the network showcases a variety of original programming, including documentaries, features and studio shows, highlighted by NFL Monday QB, That Other Pre-Game Show (TOPS), Time to Schein and a first of its kind all-female panel sports talk show, We Need to Talk. CBS Sports Network also provides ancillary coverage for CBS Sports relating to major events, such as the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament, the Masters and the PGA Championship, and for SHOWTIME relating to SHOWTIME Championship Boxing.
CBS Stations
CBS Stations consists of our 29 owned broadcast television stations, all of which operate under licenses granted by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the “Communications Act”). Licensees must seek to renew each license every eight years. Our stations are located in the six largest, and 15 of the top 20, television markets in the U.S. We own multiple stations within the same designated market area (“DMA”) in 10 major markets, including New York, Los Angeles and Philadelphia. Our stations enable us to reach a wide audience within and across geographically diverse markets in the U.S. The stations broadcast news (including station-produced news), public affairs, sports and other programming to serve their local markets and most offer CBS, The CW or MyNetworkTV (a national broadcast service that provides syndicated programming, including series from our library, during primetime to stations across the country) programming and syndicated programming. The stations also broadcast free, advertiser-supported, digital channels using available broadcast spectrum, such as Dabl, Fave TV and Start TV (a national entertainment program service featuring classic television content focused on female audiences, which is our joint venture with Weigel Broadcasting). Local versions of CBS News Streaming offer local news from certain of our owned stations. Our stations have local websites that promote the stations’ programming.
Television Stations and Local Websites and Versions of CBS News Streaming
The following table sets forth information regarding our owned television stations and related local websites and versions of CBS News Streaming, as of February 14, 2022, within U.S. television markets:
Television Market DMA Rank(1)
Stations Type Network Affiliation Local Websites and Versions of CBS News Streaming(2)
New York, NY 1 WCBS-TV UHF CBS newyork.cbslocal.com
WLNY-TV UHF Independent CBS News New York Streaming
Los Angeles, CA 2 KCAL-TV VHF Independent losangeles.cbslocal.com
KCBS-TV UHF CBS CBS News Los Angeles Streaming
Chicago, IL 3 WBBM-TV VHF CBS chicago.cbslocal.com
CBS News Chicago Streaming
Philadelphia, PA 4 KYW-TV UHF CBS philadelphia.cbslocal.com
WPSG-TV UHF The CW CBS News Philly Streaming
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 5 KTVT-TV UHF CBS dfw.cbslocal.com
KTXA-TV UHF Independent CBS News Dallas-Fort Worth Streaming
Atlanta, GA 6 WUPA-TV UHF The CW atlanta.cbslocal.com
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Television Market DMA Rank(1)
Stations Type Network Affiliation Local Websites and Versions of CBS News Streaming(2)
San Francisco, CA 8 KPIX-TV UHF CBS sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com
KBCW-TV UHF The CW CBS News Bay Area Streaming
Boston, MA 10 WBZ-TV UHF CBS boston.cbslocal.com
WSBK-TV UHF MyNetworkTV CBS News Boston Streaming
Seattle-Tacoma, WA 11 KSTW-TV VHF The CW seattle.cbslocal.com
Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL 13 WTOG-TV UHF The CW tampa.cbslocal.com
Minneapolis, MN 14 WCCO-TV UHF CBS minnesota.cbslocal.com
KCCW-TV(3) VHF CBS CBS News Minnesota Streaming
Detroit, MI 15 WWJ-TV UHF CBS detroit.cbslocal.com
WKBD-TV UHF The CW
Denver, CO 16 KCNC-TV UHF CBS denver.cbslocal.com
CBS News Denver Streaming
Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL 18 WFOR-TV UHF CBS miami.cbslocal.com
WBFS-TV UHF MyNetworkTV CBS News Miami Streaming
Sacramento, CA 20 KOVR-TV UHF CBS sacramento.cbslocal.com
KMAX-TV UHF The CW CBS News Sacramento Streaming
Indianapolis, IN 25 WBXI-CA(4) UHF Independent
Pittsburgh, PA 26 KDKA-TV UHF CBS pittsburgh.cbslocal.com
WPCW-TV VHF The CW CBS News Pittsburgh Streaming
Baltimore, MD 27 WJZ-TV VHF CBS baltimore.cbslocal.com
CBS News Baltimore Streaming
(1) Television market (DMA) rankings based on Nielsen Media Research Local Market Universe Estimates (September 2021).
(2) Our television stations’ websites and the local versions of CBS New Streaming feature and promote the stations’ programming and provide news, traffic, weather, entertainment and sports information, among other services for their local communities.
(3) KCCW-TV is operated as a satellite station of WCCO-TV.
(4) WBXI-CA is a Class A low power television station. Class A low power television stations do not implicate the FCC’s ownership rules.
Cable Networks
Cable Networks consisted of a portfolio of premium and basic cable networks comprised of SHOWTIME, The Movie Channel, Flix, BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, Smithsonian Channel, VH1, CMT, Pop TV, Logo and TV Land; a number of direct-to-consumer subscription streaming services - SHOWTIME OTT, Showtime Networks’ premium streaming service, Noggin, Nickelodeon’s preschool streaming service, and BET+, a streaming service focused on the Black audience; and Pluto TV, our FAST service.
Cable Networks also included VCNI, which operates international extensions of Paramount+, Pluto TV and our Cable Networks brands and services, our international free-to-air networks, which include Channel 5 in the U.K., Telefe in Argentina, Network 10 in Australia and Chilevisión in Chile, and VIS, which produces content for our brands and streaming services, as well as for third parties.
Cable Networks’ revenues were generated primarily from affiliate revenues comprised of fees from MVPDs and vMVPDs for carriage of our cable networks; advertising; streaming revenues, principally comprised of advertising and subscription revenues generated by the segment’s streaming services and from digital video advertisements on our websites and in our video content on third-party platforms; and the licensing of our content and other rights. In 2021, Cable Networks affiliate, advertising, streaming and licensing and other revenues
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generated approximately 39%, 28%, 19% and 14%, respectively, of the segment’s total revenues. Cable Networks generated approximately 47%, 50% and 46% of our consolidated revenues in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively (after the elimination of intercompany revenues).
Pluto TV
Pluto TV is a leading FAST service in the U.S., delivering hundreds of live linear channels and thousands of titles on-demand to 64.4 million global MAUs for December 2021. Pluto TV curates a diverse lineup of channels, in partnership with nearly 400 global media companies. Categories cover a wide array of genres, including movies, television series, including classic television, sports, news and opinion, reality, crime, comedy, home and DIY, explore, gaming, anime, music, kids and local programming. Pluto TV en español delivers over 50 Spanish-language channels reflecting the rich tapestry of the U.S. Hispanic community. Pluto TV was awarded the 2021 Corporate Leadership in Hispanic Programming award by Broadcasting & Cable, Multichannel News and Next Media. Pluto TV can be accessed and streamed across connected television devices, mobile and the internet. Pluto TV’s growing global footprint extends across three continents and 26 countries.
SHOWTIME
Our three premium subscription cable networks in the U.S. are SHOWTIME, which offers original scripted and unscripted series, movies, documentaries and docuseries, sports, comedy and special events; The Movie Channel, which offers a variety of movies and related programming; and Flix, which primarily offers movies from the last several decades. SHOWTIME OTT is Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service. Showtime Networks also includes SHOWTIME Sports, a premium destination for live combat sports, including championship boxing, Bellator, a leading global mixed martial arts organization, and culturally relevant sports documentaries and original series. Highlights in 2021 include new seasons of The Chi and Billions, the final season of Shameless, the return of Dexter in the limited series Dexter: New Blood, new dramas American Rust and Yellowjackets, as well as new late-night variety series Ziwe. SHOWTIME is also home to City on a Hill, The L Word: Generation Q, Your Honor and unscripted series Desus & Mero, Couples Therapy, The Circus and the news series Vice.
BET
BET is a leading provider of premium entertainment, music, news, digital and public affairs content for Black audiences. BET linear can be seen in the U.S., Canada, Brazil, the Caribbean, the U.K., sub-Saharan Africa and France. BET is one of the most well-known Black consumer brands in the world, with multiplatform extensions, including BET Studios, a studio venture that provides equity ownership to Black creators; BET Digital, BET’s interactive arm; BET Her, a network targeting the African-American woman; BET Music Networks; BET Home Entertainment; BET Live, BET’s events and experience business; and BET International, which operates BET around the globe. In 2021, BET aired a diverse roster of social justice content, including Disrupt & Dismantle with Soledad O’ Brien, COVID-19 Vaccine and The Black Community: A Tyler Perry Special, and, as part of our Content for Change initiative, Bars and Ballads for George Floyd, Justice Now: Race & Reckoning and Justice Now: The Way Forward. Other highlights include Twenties, Twenties After Show With B. Scott, Games People Play and new seasons of Tyler Perry’s original series The Oval, Sistas, House of Payne and Assisted Living. BET’s tentpole events are the BET Awards, the BET Hip Hop Awards and the NAACP Image Awards.
BET+, our joint venture with Tyler Perry Studios, is a leading subscription streaming service for the Black community, with thousands of hours of movies, television, stand-up specials, stage plays and more. BET+ is home to exclusive originals from leading Black creators such as Tracy Oliver’s First Wives Club; Tyler Perry’s Ruthless and Bruh; Carl Weber’s The Family Business; and Will Packer’s Bigger; American Gangster: Trap Queens; All The Queen’s Men; The Ms. Pat Show; and Sacrifice.
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Kids & Family Entertainment Group
The Kids & Family Entertainment Group oversees our global strategy and business operations for our kids and family brands and content across linear and in streaming, through television programming, consumer products, location-based experiences, publishing and feature films. The group’s 2021 highlights on Paramount+ include The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run; the SpongeBob spinoff, Kamp Koral; the new iCarly series; and PAW Patrol: The Movie.
Nickelodeon
Nickelodeon, now in its 42nd year, is one of the most globally recognized and widely distributed multimedia entertainment brands for kids and family. Nickelodeon has been the number-one-rated advertising-supported basic cable network for 26 consecutive years among kids 2 to 11. Nickelodeon features leading original and licensed kids’ series across animation, live-action and preschool genres. Nickelodeon brands include Nick Jr., Nick at Nite, TeenNick, Nicktoons and Nick Music. Domestic highlights in 2021 include SpongeBob SquarePants, PAW Patrol, The Loud House, The Casagrandes, Tyler Perry’s Young Dylan, Danger Force and Blue’s Clues & You!. International highlights include Goldie’s Oldies, a U.K. originated live action comedy series; Sharkdog, the Nickelodeon produced Netflix original animated series; and Spyders, Nickelodeon’s first original coproduction with Ananey Studios, our Israeli content producer and subscription television provider.
Noggin, Nickelodeon’s preschool subscription streaming service, features over 1,000 library episodes, interactive videos and short-form educational content. In partnership with Paramount, Nickelodeon Movies produces branded films based on some of Nickelodeon’s most iconic franchises and characters. Nickelodeon is a key part of our global consumer products business. In 2021, we launched a licensing partnership with global toy brand Melissa & Doug to deliver PAW Patrol and Blue’s Clues and You! cobranded toys. Nickelodeon also licenses its brands for recreation and other location-based experiences such as hotels and theme parks, and in 2021 opened Nickelodeon Hotels & Resorts Riviera Maya, in partnership with Karisma Hotels & Resorts and Grupo Lomas.
Awesomeness
Awesomeness creates content focused on the global Gen Z audience through its digital publishing, film and television studio divisions. Awesomeness’ original, award-winning content includes To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before, Trinkets and Pen15.
MTV Entertainment Group
MTV Entertainment Group connects with audiences through nine iconic brands - MTV, Comedy Central, VH1, CMT, Pop, Logo, Smithsonian, Paramount Network and TV Land - and MTV Entertainment Studios, which produces award-winning series, movies and documentary films for Paramount+ and third-party streaming services.
MTV
MTV is an iconic youth entertainment brand that is home to notable franchises such as The Challenge, the Shores (Jersey Shore Family Vacation, Floribama Shore, Geordie Shore, Acapulco Shore, Rio Shore and Warsaw Shore), Teen Mom (Teen Mom OG, Teen Mom Young and Pregnant and Teen Mom 2) and Ridiculousness (Messyness and Deliciousness). MTV Documentary Films’ 2021 slate included the Academy Award-shortlisted, Emmy and Peabody-Award winning 76 Days. MTV’s signature live event - the MTV Video Music Awards - returned in 2021 along with the MTV Europe Music Awards and the MTV Movie and TV Awards.
Comedy Central
Comedy Central is a leading destination for all things comedy - from adult animation to stand-up to topical shows - providing viewers access to a world of funny, provocative and relevant content. Highlights for 2021
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include the South Park Pandemic and South ParQ Vaccination specials, The Daily Show with Trevor Noah, Tha God’s Honest Truth with Charlamagne Tha God, Awkwafina is Nora From Queens, Roy Wood Jr., Imperfect Messenger and the original holiday movies A Clüsterfünke Christmas and Hot Mess Holiday.
Paramount Network
Paramount Network is a premium entertainment destination and home to Yellowstone, cable’s hit co-created by Taylor Sheridan. Yellowstone serves as the launchpad for new original series from Taylor Sheridan on Paramount+, including Mayor of Kingstown and 1883, the Yellowstone prequel that premiered at the end of 2021.
Smithsonian Channel
Smithsonian Channel is the home of popular genres such as air and space, travel, history, science, nature and pop culture. Highlights for 2021 include the series Aerial America, America in Color, America’s Hidden Stories, Apollo’s Moon Shot, The Pacific War in Color and Air Disasters, as well as critically-acclaimed specials Black in Space: Breaking the Color Barrier and Cher & The Loneliest Elephant.
ViacomCBS Networks International
VCNI operates international extensions of Paramount+, Pluto TV and our Cable Networks brands and services, our international free-to-air broadcast networks, and VIS, which produces content for our brands and streaming services, as well as for third parties. VCNI provides distribution and advertising solutions for partners on five continents and across more than 180 countries. Viacom18 is our joint venture in India, whose operations include COLORS, a Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel, and Viacom18 Studios, a filmed entertainment business.
ViacomCBS International Studios
One of the leading global producers of international content, VIS produces content for our brands and platforms, including Paramount+, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Channel 5, Network 10, Telefe, Ananey, Porta Dos Fundos and Chilevisión, as well as for third parties. A leading global Spanish-language content creator, VIS’ genres include kids, young adult, live action and animation, soap operas, dramas, short- and long-form comedy, feature films, unscripted reality and social impact documentaries. In 2021, we launched VIS Social Impact as part of our Content for Change social impact initiative.
Free-to-Air Networks
VCNI operates a number of free-to-air networks around the world. Network 10 is a major free-to-air broadcast network in Australia. Network 10’s brands include 10, 10 Bold, 10 Peach, 10 Shake and 10 Play, and its programming includes MasterChef Australia, Australian Survivor and I’m A Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here!. Channel 5 is a free-to-air public service broadcaster (PSB) in the U.K. Channel 5’s brands include 5Star, 5USA and 5Select, My5 and Milkshake, and its programming includes All Creatures Great and Small and Our Yorkshire Farm. Telefe is a leading free-to-air broadcast network in Argentina. Telefe’s brands include Telefe, Telefe Noticias, Mi Telefe, Telefe Internacional and Telefe Channels on Pluto TV, and its programming includes Telefe Noticias, its flagship newscast, MasterChef Celebrity, Bake Off, The Voice and top scripted and non-scripted content. Chilevisión is a leading free-to-air television network in Chile. Chilevisión’s programming includes ¿Quién es la Máscara?, Pasapalabra, Podemos Hablar, La Divina Comida and El Discípulo del Chef.
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Filmed Entertainment
Filmed Entertainment consisted of Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation, Paramount Television Studios and Miramax. Paramount produces franchise live-action and animated films and genre films for specific audiences and releases its films in various markets around the world theatrically, on streaming services, including Paramount+, through transactional home entertainment offerings, on television, and through various other media.
Filmed Entertainment’s revenues were generated primarily from the release or distribution of films theatrically, transactional home entertainment, the licensing of film and television product to streaming services, including Paramount+, broadcast and cable television networks and other digital services, and other ancillary activities. Our theatrical revenues in 2020 and 2021 were negatively impacted by the continued closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters as a result of COVID-19. We delayed certain planned 2020 and 2021 theatrical releases, licensed others to Paramount+ or third-party streaming services, and released several films theatrically, including A Quiet Place Part II, Snake Eyes: G.I. Joe Origins, PAW Patrol: The Movie and Clifford the Big Red Dog. In 2021, Filmed Entertainment licensing and other and theatrical revenues generated approximately 92% and 8%, respectively, of the segment’s total revenues. Filmed Entertainment generated approximately 9%, 9% and 11% of our consolidated revenues in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively (after the elimination of intercompany revenues).
Paramount Pictures
Paramount Pictures is a major global producer and distributor of filmed entertainment and has an extensive library consisting of over 1,200 film titles produced by Paramount and has acquired rights to nearly 2,900 additional films and a number of television programs. Paramount is home to a number of successful franchises such as Mission: Impossible, Transformers, Star Trek, A Quiet Place and Paranormal Activity. Paramount’s library includes Academy Award winners, including Titanic, Braveheart, Forrest Gump, The Godfather, The Godfather Part II and Wings, which won the first ever Academy Award for Best Picture in 1929. The Paramount library also includes Academy Award nominees such as Arrival, Fences, The Big Short, Selma and The Wolf of Wall Street, and classics such as The Ten Commandments, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and Sunset Boulevard. Paramount’s 2021 theatrical releases included A Quiet Place Part II, Snake Eyes: G.I. Joe Origins, PAW Patrol: The Movie and Clifford the Big Red Dog.
Paramount Players
Paramount Players is committed to creating genre films from unique, contemporary voices and properties, as well as drawing from Paramount’s rich library of content. Paramount Players also produces films for initial release on Paramount+, including Paranormal Activity: Next of Kin, which was released in 2021.
Paramount Animation
Paramount Animation develops and produces top-quality animated films. Paramount Animation coproduced The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run, which was digitally released domestically simultaneously on premium video on demand and Paramount+ in March 2021. Paramount Animation also produced Rumble, which was released on Paramount+ in the U.S. in December 2021.
Paramount Television Studios
Paramount Television Studios develops and finances a wide range of television content across all platforms for distribution worldwide. Paramount Television Studios’ productions include American Gigolo for Showtime
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Networks; Made For Love and Station Eleven for HBO Max; Shantaram, Defending Jacob and Home Before Dark for Apple TV+; Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan for Amazon; The Haunting of Bly Manor for Netflix; and Catch-22 for Hulu.
Miramax
Miramax, a consolidated joint venture with beIN Media Group, is a global film and television studio with an extensive library of content. We have exclusive, long-term rights to distribute Miramax’s library of more than 650 titles, which includes Pulp Fiction, Shakespeare in Love, Good Will Hunting, No Country for Old Men and Scary Movie. We also have certain rights to coproduce, co-finance and/or distribute new film and television projects with Miramax.
Film Production, Distribution and Financing
We produce many of the films we release and also acquire films for distribution from third parties. In some cases, we co-finance and/or co-distribute films with third parties, including other studios. We also enter into film-specific financing and multipicture financing arrangements from time to time under which third parties participate in the financing of the costs of a film or group of films in exchange for an economic participation and a partial copyright interest. We distribute films worldwide or in select territories in various media and may engage third-party distributors for certain films in certain territories.
Domestically, we generally market and distribute our own theatrical and home entertainment releases. Internationally, we distribute theatrical releases through our international affiliates or, in territories where we have no operating presence, through United International Pictures, our joint venture with Universal Studios, or other third-party distributors. For home entertainment releases, DVD and Blu-ray discs are distributed internationally by local licensees. We also license films and television shows domestically and/or internationally to a variety of platforms.
Competition
All of our businesses operate in highly competitive environments, and compete for creative talent and intellectual property, as well as for audiences and distribution of our content.
We compete with a variety of media, technology and entertainment companies that have substantial resources to produce, acquire and distribute content around the world, including broadcast networks, basic and premium cable networks, streaming services, film and television studios, production groups, independent producers and syndicators, television stations and television station groups. We compete with other content creators for creative talent including producers, directors, actors and writers, as well as for new program ideas and intellectual property and for the acquisition of popular programming.
Our businesses also face significant competition for audiences from various sources. We compete for audiences for our films and television content with releases from other film studios, television producers and streaming services, as well as with other forms of entertainment and consumer spending outlets. We also compete for audiences and advertising revenues primarily with other broadcast and cable television networks; streaming services; social media platforms; websites, apps and other online experiences; radio programming; and print media. In addition, our television businesses face increasing competition from technologies providing digital audio and visual content in ways that allow audiences to consume content of their choosing while avoiding traditional commercial advertising. Moreover, our businesses face competition from the many other entertainment options available to consumers including video games, sports, travel and outdoor recreation.
We also face competition for distribution of our content. Our television businesses compete for distribution of our program services (and receipt of related fees) with other broadcast networks, cable networks and programmers. The CBS Network competes with other broadcast networks to secure affiliations with independently owned
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television stations to ensure the effective distribution of network programming in the U.S. We also compete with studios and other producers of entertainment content for distribution on third-party platforms.
For additional information regarding competition, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors - Our businesses operate in industries that are highly competitive.”
Environmental, Social and Governance Strategy
We believe the media and entertainment industry plays an important role in shaping culture and conversations. We take this role seriously and are committed to advancing and strengthening our approach to issues, opportunities and risks related to ESG matters to help serve our stockholders, employees, partners, audiences and the communities in which we operate, as well as to enhance our business. Our ESG strategy is centered on an understanding of our biggest opportunities and risks.
We organize our ESG work into three pillars: (1) On-Screen Content & Social Impact, (2) Workforce & Culture and (3) Sustainable Production & Operations. On-Screen Content & Social Impact addresses the opportunities and responsibilities we have to represent, inform and influence through our content and brands. Workforce & Culture focuses on our efforts to recruit and retain the best employees, treat contractors and partners well, and foster an environment where people feel welcome and safe. Sustainable Production & Operations addresses the environmental and social impacts of our operations and facilities, film and television productions and other activities.
Building on our 2020 companywide Materiality Assessment and first ESG Report, in 2021 we released our second ESG Report, which is available on our website, and included our first set of overarching goals for each of these pillars to help focus our efforts and assess our progress. We are committed to continuing to identify, measure, map and report on the ESG impact of our global operations.
ESG Governance
Our ESG efforts are a companywide commitment led by a dedicated ESG team that oversees day-to-day strategy and implementation. Our ESG team works closely with our ESG Council, a cross-functional team of senior leadership and subject matter experts spanning our brands, legal, investor relations, global inclusion, human resources, finance, real estate and environmental health and safety, to guide our strategy and reporting and help spread and instill our ESG values across the Company. The ESG team works in close collaboration with our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel and other senior executives who together make up our ESG Steering Committee. These leaders are actively involved in reviewing and refining our ESG strategies, programs and policies. The ESG team regularly updates the Nominating and Governance Committee of our Board of Directors, which, pursuant to its charter, oversees and monitors significant issues impacting our culture and reputation, as well as our handling of ESG issues.
Human Capital Management
We aim to build a culture that attracts and retains the best employees and a workplace where people feel welcome, safe and inspired to bring their whole self to work.
As of December 31, 2021, we employed approximately 22,965 full- and part-time employees in 37 countries worldwide and had approximately 4,300 project-based staff on our payroll. We also use temporary employees in the ordinary course of our business.
Our human capital management strategy is intended to address the areas described below, and additional information can be found in our ESG Report.
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A Culture of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We seek to mold a companywide culture built on our core values and anchored in a dynamic and proactive approach to DE&I through a range of partnerships, collaborations, programs and initiatives, some of which are described below.
•Many of our brands maintain inclusivity councils to address their DE&I activities and the DE&I challenges in their businesses.
•We partner with hundreds of diversity-focused institutions globally that are committed to supporting women, BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, veterans and/or persons with disabilities. We have placed a particular focus on organizations advancing the causes of racial justice, anti-hate and social equity.
•We sponsor internal and external professional development programs and campus-to-career initiatives aimed at underrepresented groups.
•Our job postings reach an expansive network that includes more than 60 diversity-focused job boards. We use third-party technology to identify and remove biasing language from our job descriptions.
•We sponsor eight active employee-led Employee Resource Groups (“ERGs”) with 53 chapters in 19 locations worldwide. More than half of our employees are members of these employee-led groups. Our ERGs provide support for certain business and corporate initiatives.
•Our CEO has signed onto the CEO Action for Diversity and Inclusion pledge and the Company was a founding signatory for Management Leadership for Tomorrow’s (“MLT”) Black Equity at Work Certification Program (“BEW”). The MLT BEW is a third-party validation program that aims to drive measurable progress in improving representation and racial equity in the workplace.
•Of our U.S. employees, as of December 31, 2021, approximately 49% were female and approximately 39% self-identified as part of a racial or ethnic minority group. Of our U.S. employees with Vice President titles and above, as of December 31, 2021, approximately 49% were female and approximately 28% self-identified as part of a racial or ethnic minority group.
•In 2021, we set new goals to help accelerate our performance on key DE&I objectives, including a target global hire and promotion rate for female Senior Vice Presidents and above and a target U.S. hire and promotion rate for ethnically diverse Vice Presidents and above.
Preventing Harassment and Discrimination
We remain committed to building a work environment free of harassment and discrimination so that our employees can focus on doing their best work. We have enacted policies addressing harassment, discrimination and other behaviors that could create a hostile workplace, some of which are described below.
•Our Business Conduct Statement provides employees with clear examples of harassment and discrimination and guidance on how to create a safe and inclusive environment for all. We make annual trainings on sexual harassment, discrimination and retaliation prevention available to all employees.
•We monitor employee diversity data trends - including the promotion rates of women and ethnically diverse employees compared to their male or white peers, respectively - and watch for any patterns that might suggest discrimination or unconscious bias so that we can seek to address them.
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•We require that employees report any incidents of harassment and discrimination that they witness. Among other ways, employees can report incidents of harassment or discrimination using our anonymous third-party managed complaint and reporting hotline, called OPENLINE.
Employee Attraction, Retention and Training
Our training, mentoring and career mobility programs embody our culture of DE&I as we recruit, retain and engage our employees. We strive to create an inclusive culture in which our employees and talent feel supported, heard and understood and in which employees of all backgrounds feel like they belong and have the opportunity to thrive. Some of these programs are described below.
•We offer a broad spectrum of learning opportunities for our employees, including leadership-specific training for employees who are new to their positions, taking on an expanded scope of responsibilities, or otherwise seeking to expand their impact. We also offer regular manager and employee classes focused on specific skills, leader learning journeys to help people leaders implement new capabilities over several months, and team-based workshops for groups who want to learn together.
•We offer a range of financial and nonfinancial compensation and benefits, including health, life and disability insurance; matching retirement and profit-sharing contributions; flexible paid time off; paid volunteer time; financial planning assistance; multiple wellness programs; and parental, caregiving, bereavement and military leave benefits. We also offer tuition support for certain employees. In 2021, we began offering our employees access to a behavior-change app designed to help our employees manage stress, improve focus and enhance overall well-being.
•We offer flexible work hours for many of our full-time and part-time employees.
•In 2021, we launched our first global employee engagement survey, administered by an independent third party, to assess our efforts around employee engagement, inclusion and well-being. Our executive officers (and managers, on a team level) reviewed the survey results and instituted action plans to address feedback and opportunity areas. We continue to track our progress on these efforts through shorter, periodic “pulse” engagement surveys.
•As a result of our focus on employee satisfaction and inclusiveness, we have been recognized for our workplace culture, including being named a 2021 Most Loved Workplace by Newsweek, one of America’s Best Employers for Diversity by Forbes and one of the Top 100 workplaces with the Best D&I Initiatives in 2021 by Mogul.
Health, Safety and Security
The health and safety of our workers, particularly across our productions worldwide, remains a top priority. We strive to take a proactive approach to identifying and mitigating health, safety and security risks. Some of the steps we take are described below.
•In 2021, we began to centralize our nonproduction environmental health and safety (“EHS”) functions. We appointed a new Senior Vice President of EHS in an effort to ensure that these critical functions are managed consistently and reported on externally in an appropriate way.
•We have on-site health care at some office and production sites, as well as medics and medical support at many production sites.
•We perform risk assessments of daily work processes across our productions, offices and other work sites and develop hazard reduction, avoidance and mitigation plans. We also track and report safety, health and security incident data across the company.
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•Our Global Security Operations Center oversees security and emergency response efforts and undertakes risk scans in an effort to identify potential security risks.
•After COVID-19 caused an initial period in which our offices closed and production ceased, we restarted productions in mid-2020 and began to manage a slow and safe return-to-office process. We have established a number of COVID-19-related safety protocols in our offices, on our productions and with respect to nonproduction activities. While the majority of our employees had the opportunity to work at a reduced capacity from certain offices, most of our office employees worked remotely in 2021.
Social Impact and Corporate Social Responsibility
We leverage our platforms and diverse capabilities to create positive social impacts, including by exploring and raising awareness of issues that align with our values and impact our viewers such as climate change, mental health, civic engagement and social justice. Our commitment to social impact is not only exemplified by the content we produce, but also our community service projects, philanthropy and employee engagement efforts, including our 25th annual Community Day, which was held virtually in 2021 and involved employees from 23 regions around the world across more than 100 volunteer projects.
Content for Change
Content for Change is a social justice initiative launched by BET in 2020 that is anchored in the belief that storytelling has the power to transform how we see ourselves and one another. In 2021, we expanded the program across the Company with three interrelated objectives: (1) leveraging content to counteract racism, bias, stereotypes and hate; (2) striving for equity across our entire creative supply chain; and (3) creating a culture of diversity, inclusion and belonging that continuously informs and enhances the stories we tell through our content. This initiative builds upon our commitment to our community, as well as to DE&I and fostering an inclusive company culture.
Regulation
Our businesses and the intellectual property they create or acquire are subject to and affected by laws and regulations of U.S. federal, state and local governmental authorities, as well as laws and regulations of countries other than the U.S. and pan-national bodies such as the European Union (“E.U.”). The laws and regulations affecting our businesses are constantly subject to change, as are the protections that those laws and regulations afford us. The discussion below describes certain, but not all, present and proposed laws and regulations affecting our businesses.
FCC and Similar Regulation
The FCC regulates broadcast television, some aspects of cable network programming, and certain programming delivered by internet protocol in the U.S., pursuant to U.S. federal law, including the Communications Act. Violation of FCC regulations can result in substantial monetary fines, the imposition of reporting obligations, limited renewals of licenses and, in egregious cases, denial of license renewal or revocation of a license.
License Renewals and Transfers
Each of our owned television stations in the U.S. must be licensed by the FCC. Television broadcast licenses are typically granted for eight-year terms, and we must obtain renewals as they expire to continue operating our stations. The Communications Act requires the FCC to renew a broadcast license if the FCC finds that (1) the station has served the public interest, convenience and necessity; (2) with respect to the station, there have been no serious violations by the licensee of either the Communications Act or FCC regulations; and (3) there have been no other violations by the licensee of the Communications Act or FCC regulations that, taken together,
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constitute a pattern of abuse. As of February 14, 2022, we had three pending renewal applications, and we will be filing applications with respect to most of our remaining stations on a staggered basis in 2022 and 2023. A station remains authorized to operate while its license renewal application is pending. In addition, the Communications Act requires prior FCC approval for the assignment of a license or transfer of control of an FCC licensee.
Broadcast Ownership Regulation
The Communications Act and FCC rules impose limits on local and national broadcast television station ownership in the U.S. The broadcast ownership rules discussed below are the most relevant to our operations in the U.S. In 2019, a federal appellate court vacated a 2017 FCC decision that had (1) repealed rules restricting common ownership of a TV station with either a daily newspaper or one or more radio stations in the same local market, and (2) loosened a rule restricting common ownership of TV stations within the same market.
Local Television Ownership
The FCC’s local television ownership rule generally limits common ownership of two full-power stations in a market unless at least one of the owned stations is not a top-four ranked station in the market based on audience share, provided that the FCC may permit such common ownership if it finds such ownership would serve the public interest, convenience and necessity.
Dual Network Rule
The dual network rule effectively prohibits any of the four major U.S. broadcast networks - ABC, CBS, FOX and NBC - from combining or being under common control.
Television National Audience Reach Limitation
Under the national television ownership rule, one party may not own television stations that reach more than 39% of all U.S. television households. However, for purposes of this rule, a UHF station is afforded a “discount” and is therefore attributed with reaching only 50% of the television households in its market. We currently own and operate television stations that reach approximately 38% of all U.S. television households, but we are attributed with reaching approximately 24% of all such households for purposes of the national ownership rule because of the discount.
Foreign Ownership
In general, the Communications Act restricts foreign individuals or entities from collectively owning more than 25% of our voting power or equity. FCC approval is required to exceed the 25% threshold. The FCC has approved foreign ownership levels of up to 100% in certain instances, subsequent to its review and approval of specific, named foreign individuals.
Cable and Satellite Carriage of Television Broadcast Stations
The Communications Act and FCC rules govern the retransmission of broadcast television stations by cable system operators, direct broadcast satellite operators, and other MVPDs in the U.S. Pursuant to these regulations, we have elected to negotiate with MVPDs for the right to carry our broadcast television stations via retransmission consent agreements. The Communications Act and FCC regulations require that broadcasters and some categories of MVPDs negotiate in good faith for retransmission consent. Some MVPDs have sought changes to federal law that would eliminate or otherwise limit the ability of broadcasters to obtain fair compensation for the grant of retransmission consent.
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Program Regulation
The FCC also regulates the content of broadcast, cable network, and other video programming. The FCC prohibits broadcasters from airing obscene material at any time and indecent or profane material between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. The FCC’s maximum forfeiture penalty per station for broadcasting indecent or profane programming is approximately $445,445 per indecent or profane utterance or image, with a maximum forfeiture exposure of approximately $4.1 million for any continuing violation arising from a single act or failure to act. The FCC also actively monitors compliance with requirements that apply to broadcasters and cable networks relating to political advertising, identification of program sponsors, and the use and integrity of the Emergency Alert System. In addition, FCC regulations require the closed captioning of almost all broadcast and cable programming, as well as certain programming in the U.S. delivered by internet protocol. Broadcast television stations in certain markets that are affiliated with one of the four major U.S. broadcast networks must also provide a certain amount of programming every quarter that includes audio description (audio-narrated description of a television program’s key visual elements that make the programming accessible to blind and low-vision viewers).
Children’s Programming
Our business is subject to various regulations in the U.S. and abroad applicable to children’s programming. U.S. federal law and FCC rules limit the amount and content of commercial matter that may be shown on broadcast television stations and cable networks during programming designed for children 12 years of age and younger, and the FCC also limits the display of certain commercial website addresses during children’s programming. Moreover, each of our broadcast television stations in the U.S. is required to air, in general, three hours per week of programming specifically designed to meet the educational and informational programming needs of children 16 years of age and younger.
In addition, some policymakers have sought limitations on food and beverage marketing in media popular with children and teens. For example, restrictions on the television advertising of foods high in fat, salt and sugar (“HFSS”) to children aged 15 and under have been in place in the U.K. since 2007. The U.K. government has announced its intention to impose a ban, effective in 2023, on all HFSS advertising before 9:00 p.m. on television and a total ban online. Various laws with similar objectives have also been enacted in Ireland, Turkey, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Taiwan and South Korea, and significant pressure for similar restrictions continues to be felt globally, most acutely in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, India, Hungary, Singapore, South Africa and France. The implementation of these or similar limitations and restrictions could have a negative impact on our television advertising revenues, particularly for our networks with programming for children and teens.
Broadcast Transmission Standard
In 2017, the FCC adopted rules to permit television broadcasters to voluntarily broadcast using the “Next Generation” broadcast television transmission standard developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc., also called “ATSC 3.0.” Those full-service television stations using the standard are subject to certain requirements, including the obligation to continue broadcasting a generally identical program stream in the current ATSC 1.0 broadcast standard. The ATSC 3.0 standard can be used to offer better picture quality and improved mobile broadcast viewing. A television station converting to ATSC 3.0 operation will incur significant costs in equipment purchases and upgrades. In addition, consumers may be required to obtain new television sets or other equipment that are capable of receiving ATSC 3.0 broadcasts. We are participating in ATSC 3.0 partnerships with other broadcasters and may enter into additional partnerships in the future.
Global Data Protection Laws and Children’s Privacy Laws
A number of data protection and privacy laws impact, or may impact, the manner in which we collect, process and transfer personal data. In the E.U., the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) mandates data protection compliance obligations and authorizes significant fines for noncompliance. In the U.S., the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) went into effect in January 2020 and created a host of new obligations for businesses
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regarding how they handle the personal information of California residents, including creating new data access, data deletion and opt out rights. The new California Privacy Right Act will replace the CCPA in early 2023 and creates even more onerous obligations, including the need to implement mechanisms for consumers to opt out of personal data sharing with third parties in the context of digital advertising. A number of other regions where we do business, including the U.S., Asia and Latin America, have enacted or are considering new data protection legislation and regulations that may impact our business activities that involve the processing of personal data.
In addition, some of the mechanisms we previously relied upon for the international transfer of personal data from the E.U. to other countries including the U.S., are no longer available. New legal requirements such as utilizing the new standard contractual clauses recently approved by the European Commission require significant resources going forward to perform international data transfer assessments.
We are also subject to laws and regulations intended specifically to protect the interests of children, including the privacy of minors online. The U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (“COPPA”) limits the collection by operators of websites or online services of personal information online from children under the age of 13. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission has yet to issue a proposed new COPPA rule as part of its review of its regulations implementing COPPA begun in 2019; however, the agency as well as some state Attorneys General have continued to bring enforcement cases under the existing COPPA rule. Since the enactment of GDPR in 2018, several countries in the E.U. and U.K. have issued guidance documents or codes of conduct with respect to the online privacy of children under 18, which impact countries outside of the U.K. and E.U., including the U.S. and in Australia. Such regulations may also restrict the types of advertising we are able to sell on these online services, sites and apps and may impose strict liability on us for certain of our actions, as well as certain actions of our advertisers and other third parties, which could affect advertising demand and pricing. In the U.S., state and federal policymakers are also considering regulatory and legislative methods to protect consumer privacy on the internet, and these efforts have focused particular attention on children and teens. Congress has held several hearings on protecting children and teens online and has signaled that an update to COPPA with stronger protections for children and teens is likely.
See “Item 1A. Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Business Continuity, Cybersecurity and Privacy and Data Protection - We are subject to complex, often inconsistent and potentially costly laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and contractual obligations relating to privacy and personal data protection.”
Intellectual Property
We are fundamentally a content company, and the trademark, copyright, patent and other intellectual property laws that protect our brands and content are extremely important to us. It is our practice to protect our brands, content and related intellectual property. Unauthorized exploitation of copyrighted works interferes with the legitimate market and disrupts our ability to distribute and monetize our content. The infringement of our intellectual property rights presents a significant challenge to our industry, and we take a number of steps to address this concern. For example, where possible, we use technologies, such as encryption, watermarking, and digital rights management tools, to protect our content from piracy. We are also actively engaged in enforcement and other activities to protect our intellectual property, including: monitoring services that unlawfully distribute or otherwise infringe our content and sending takedown or cease-and-desist notices in appropriate circumstances; using filtering technologies employed by some social media companies and other platforms hosting our content; working with intermediaries and other third parties to address current infringements and prevent more in the future; and pursuing litigation and referrals to law enforcement. Through partnerships with various organizations, we also are actively involved in educational outreach to the creative community, state and federal government officials and other stakeholders in an effort to marshal greater resources to combat intellectual property infringement. Additionally, we participate in various industrywide enforcement initiatives, public relations programs and legislative activities on a worldwide basis. For example, we have had notable success with site-blocking efforts in parts of Europe, Asia, Latin America and Australia, which can be effective in steering consumers away from piracy platforms and toward legitimate platforms.
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Notwithstanding these efforts and the many legal protections that exist to combat piracy, the proliferation of infringing services and the sophistication of and continued technological advancement in the tools used in infringing activities continues to be a challenge. The failure to maintain enhanced legal protections and enforcement tools and to update those tools as threats evolve could make it more difficult for us to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could negatively impact its value and further increase the costs of enforcing our rights as we continue to expend substantial resources to protect our content.
Our Executive Officers
Our executive officers as of February 14, 2022, are as follows:
Name Age Position
Robert M. Bakish 58 President and Chief Executive Officer, Director
Naveen Chopra 48 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Christa A. D’Alimonte 53 Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Katherine Gill-Charest 57 Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
Richard M. Jones 56 Executive Vice President, General Tax Counsel and Chief Veteran Officer
Doretha (DeDe) Lea 57 Executive Vice President, Global Public Policy and Government Relations
Julia Phelps 44 Executive Vice President, Chief Communications and Corporate Marketing Officer
Nancy Phillips 54 Executive Vice President, Chief People Officer
Robert M. Bakish has been our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board since December 2019. Mr. Bakish served as President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of Viacom from December 2016 to December 2019, having served as Acting President and Chief Executive Officer beginning earlier in 2016. Mr. Bakish joined Viacom’s predecessor (“Former Viacom”) in 1997 and held positions throughout the organization, including as President and Chief Executive Officer of Viacom International Media Networks and its predecessor company, MTV Networks International, from 2007 to 2016; Executive Vice President, Operations and Viacom Enterprises; Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, MTV Networks Advertising Sales; and Senior Vice President, Planning, Development and Technology. Before joining Former Viacom, Mr. Bakish was a partner with Booz Allen Hamilton in its Media and Entertainment practice. Mr. Bakish has served as a director of Avid Technology, Inc. since 2009.
Naveen Chopra has been our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer since August 2020. Prior to that, he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Amazon Devices & Services, beginning in 2019. Prior to joining Amazon Devices & Services, Mr. Chopra served as Chief Financial Officer of Pandora Media from 2017 to 2019 and as its Interim Chief Executive Officer during part of this time, having previously served as Interim Chief Executive Officer of TiVo Inc. in 2016 and as its Chief Financial Officer from 2012 to 2016.
Christa A. D’Alimonte has been our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Viacom beginning in 2017, having previously served as Senior Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary beginning in 2012. Prior to joining Viacom, Ms. D’Alimonte was a partner of Shearman & Sterling LLP, where she was Deputy Practice Group Leader of the Firm’s Global Mergers & Acquisitions group. She first joined Shearman & Sterling in 1993 and became a partner in 2001.
Katherine Gill-Charest has been our Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer of Viacom beginning in 2010, having previously served as Senior Vice President, Deputy Controller of Viacom during 2010 and Vice President, Deputy Controller beginning in 2007. Prior to that, Ms. Gill-Charest was the Chief Accounting Officer of WPP Group from 2001 to 2007 and was the Vice President and Worldwide Controller of Young & Rubicam Inc. from 1998 to 2000. Ms. Gill-Charest also held roles in financial reporting
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and accounting policy at Time Warner Inc. from 1991 to 1998 and at NYNEX Corporation from 1988 to 1991 and served in the audit practice of Price Waterhouse for two years.
Richard M. Jones has been our Executive Vice President, General Tax Counsel and Chief Veteran Officer since August 2014. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President and General Tax Counsel of CBS Corporation beginning in 2006 and of Former Viacom beginning in 2005. Prior to that, he served as Vice President of Tax, Assistant Treasurer and Tax Counsel for NBC Universal, Inc. beginning in 2003 and he served 13 years with Ernst & Young in its media & entertainment and transaction advisory services practices. Mr. Jones served honorably as a noncommissioned officer in the U.S. Army’s 75th Ranger Regiment and 10th Mountain Division.
Doretha (DeDe) Lea has been our Executive Vice President, Global Public Policy and Government Relations since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President, Global Government Affairs of Viacom beginning in 2013, having previously served as Executive Vice President, Government Relations beginning in 2005. Prior to that, Ms. Lea served in various government relations positions at Former Viacom beginning in 1997, with the exception of 2004 to 2005, when she served as Vice President of Government Affairs at Belo Corp. Prior to joining Former Viacom, she was Senior Vice President of Government Relations at the National Association of Broadcasters.
Julia Phelps has been our Executive Vice President, Chief Communications and Corporate Marketing Officer since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President, Communications, Culture and Marketing of Viacom beginning in 2017, having previously served as Senior Vice President, Communications and Culture of Viacom beginning earlier in 2017. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President of Communications for Viacom International Media Networks beginning in 2012, after having served as Vice President of Corporate Communications for Viacom. Ms. Phelps joined Former Viacom in 2005 from DeVries Public Relations, a New York-based communications agency.
Nancy Phillips has been our Executive Vice President, Chief People Officer since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of Nielsen Holdings PLC beginning in 2017, having served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of Broadcom Corporation from 2014 to 2016. From 2010 to 2014, Ms. Phillips was Senior Vice President, Human Resources for the Imaging and Printing Group at Hewlett-Packard Company, and previously served as Senior Vice President, Human Resources, Enterprise Services. From 2008 to 2010, Ms. Phillips served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer at Fifth Third Bancorp. Prior to that, Ms. Phillips spent 11 years at General Electric Company, holding various human resources positions. Ms. Phillips practiced law from 1993 to 1997.
Available Information
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the SEC. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports filed with or furnished to the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, will be available free of charge on our website at www.ViacomCBS.com (under “Investors”) as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are filed with the SEC. These documents are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
We announce material financial information through SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts and our investor relations website at ir.ViacomCBS.com. We may use any of these channels as well as social media and blogs to communicate with investors about our Company. It is possible that the information we post on social media and blogs could be deemed to be material information. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in our Company to review the information we post on the social media channels and blogs listed on our investor relations website.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A.
Risk Factors.
A wide range of risks may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, now and in the future. We consider the risks described below to be the most significant. There may be other currently unknown or unpredictable factors that could have adverse effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
If our streaming initiatives are unsuccessful, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected
Streaming is intensely competitive and cash intensive and there can be no assurance that our streaming initiatives will be profitable or otherwise successful. Our ability to attract, engage and retain subscribers to our subscription streaming services, including Paramount+, SHOWTIME OTT and BET+, and MAUs (together with subscribers, “users”) on our FAST service, Pluto TV, as well as the corresponding subscription and advertising revenues they generate, will depend on our ability to consistently provide appealing and differentiated content globally, effectively market our content and services and provide a quality experience for selecting and viewing that content. Our success will require significant investments to produce original content and acquire the rights to third-party content, including with respect to live sports, as well as the establishment and maintenance of key content and distribution partnerships.
We must continually add new users, convert promotional subscribers and meaningfully engage with existing subscribers to manage turnover, or “churn,” to grow our business. If we are unable to successfully compete with competitors in attracting, engaging with and retaining users as well as creative talent, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. The relative service levels, content offerings, promotions and pricing and related features of our competitors’ services may adversely impact our ability to attract, engage and retain users. If consumers do not consider our streaming services to be of value compared to our competitors’ services, including because we fail to introduce attractive new content and features, do not maintain competitive pricing, terminate or modify promotional or trial period offerings, experience technical issues, or change the mix of content in a manner that is unfavorably received, we may not be able to attract, engage and retain users. If we are not able to attract new users, or our existing users decide to not continue subscriptions on our services for any reason, including a perception that they do not use our streaming services sufficiently, the need to cut household expenses, unsatisfactory content, promotions or trial-period offers expire or are modified, competitive services or promotions provide a better value or experience or customer service or technical issues are not satisfactorily resolved, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
Changes in consumer behavior, as well as evolving technologies, distribution platforms and packaging, may negatively affect our business, financial condition or results of operations
Our success depends on our ability to anticipate and adapt to shifting content consumption patterns. The ways in which viewers consume content, and technology and business models in our industry, continue to evolve rapidly, and new distribution platforms, as well as increased competition from new entrants and emerging technologies, have added to the complexity of maintaining predictable revenue streams.
Technological advancements have empowered consumers to seek more control over when, where and how they consume content and have affected the options available to advertisers for reaching target audiences. The evolution of consumer preferences toward “over-the-top” content consumption, such as streaming and other digital offerings, and the substantial increase in the availability of content without advertising or adequate methodologies for audience measurement, have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, consumers are increasingly using time-shifting and advertising-blocking technologies, such as DVRs, that enable users to bypass advertisements. Substantial use of
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these technologies could impact the attractiveness of our programming to advertisers, adversely affecting our advertising revenue.
In response to perceived consumer demand, distributors are continuing to develop alternative offerings, including streaming and other subscription services; advertising-supported services, including FAST; original content for mobile and social media platforms; and smaller, often customizable, packages delivered by MVPDs at lower costs than traditional offerings. If our networks and brands are not included in these offerings and services, or if consumers increasingly favor alternative offerings over traditional broadcast television and cable subscriptions, we may continue to experience viewership declines and ultimately demand for our programming, which could lead to lower revenues from traditional sources. These changing distribution models may also impact our ability to negotiate carriage deals on terms favorable to us.
To respond to these developments, we regularly adopt or develop new technologies and consider, and from time to time implement, changes to our business models and strategies to remain competitive, such as our increased investment in streaming. There can be no assurance that we will successfully anticipate or respond to these developments, that we will not experience disruption, even as we respond to such developments, or that the new technologies or business models we develop will be as successful as historic or existing ones.
Our advertising revenues have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by changes in consumer viewership, advertising market conditions and deficiencies in audience measurement
We derive substantial revenues from the sale of advertising, and a decline in advertising revenues could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The evolution of consumer preferences toward over-the-top streaming and other digital services and the increasing number of entertainment choices has intensified audience fragmentation and reduced content viewership through traditional linear distribution models, which has caused and may continue to cause ratings declines for our television networks. This evolution has also given rise to new ways of purchasing advertising, as well as a general shift in total advertising expenditures toward streaming and digital, some of which may not be as beneficial to us as traditional advertising methods. Although we have increasingly focused on generating advertising revenue from our own streaming services, including Pluto TV and Paramount+ Essential, and other digital services, there can be no assurance that we can successfully navigate this shift or that the advertising revenues we generate will replace the declines in advertising revenues generated from our traditional linear business.
The strength of the advertising market can fluctuate in response to the economic prospects of specific advertisers or industries, advertisers’ current spending priorities and the economy in general or the economy of any individual geographic market, including the impact of the current inflationary environment and the global supply chain delays. These factors may adversely affect our advertising revenues. Natural and other disasters, pandemics, acts of terrorism, political uncertainty or hostilities could also lead to a reduction in domestic and international advertising expenditures as a result of disrupted programming and services, uninterrupted news coverage and economic uncertainty. Our ability to generate advertising revenue is also dependent on demand for our content, the consumers in our targeted demographics, advertising rates and results observed by advertisers.
Major sports events, such as the Super Bowl and the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament and state, congressional and presidential elections cycles may cause our advertising revenues to vary substantially from year to year. Political advertising expenditures are impacted by the ability and willingness of candidates and political action campaigns to raise and spend funds on advertising and the competitive nature of the elections affecting viewers in markets featuring our content.
Advertising sales are also largely dependent on audience measurement and could be negatively affected if measurement methodologies do not accurately reflect actual viewership levels. Nielsen’s statistical sampling method is the primary measurement technique used in our television advertising sales; however, it does not fully
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measure viewership across streaming and digital. We measure and monetize across over-the-top platforms based on census-based advertising-server data establishing the number of impressions served, combined with third-party data providing demographic composition estimates. Multiplatform campaign verification remains in its infancy and is still not measured by any one consistently applied method. While we expect innovation and standards around multiplatform measurement to benefit us as the advertising market continues to evolve, we are nevertheless partially dependent on third parties to deliver those solutions. Our ability to target and measure audiences is also limited by an increasing number of global laws and regulations relating to privacy and the collection, use and security of personal data.
Our success depends on our ability to maintain attractive brands and our reputation, and to offer popular programming and other content
Our ability to maintain attractive brands, and to create, distribute and/or license popular content are key to our success and ability to generate revenues. The revenues we generate primarily depend on our ability to consistently anticipate and satisfy consumer tastes and expectations, both in the U.S. and internationally. The popularity of our content is affected by our ability to develop and maintain strong brand awareness and a strong reputation; our ability to target key audiences; the quality and attractiveness of competing entertainment content; and the availability of alternative forms of entertainment and leisure time activities. Consumer tastes and behavior change frequently, and it is a challenge to anticipate what will be successful at any point in time. We invest substantial capital in our content, including the production of original content, before learning the extent to which it will garner critical success and popularity with consumers. A shortfall in the expected popularity of content we distribute or of sports events for which we have acquired rights, could lead to decreased profitability or losses for a significant period of time. Significant negative claims or publicity regarding the Company or its operations, content, products, management, employees, practices, business partners and culture, including individuals associated with the content we create and/or license, as well as our inability to adequately prepare for or respond to such negative claims or publicity, may damage our brands or reputation, even if such claims are untrue.
Increased costs for content and other rights may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations
We invest significant resources to produce, market and distribute original content. We also acquire content and ancillary rights and pay related rights fees, license fees, royalties and/or contingent compensation. For example, some of the sports programming most viewed on CBS Sports or streamed on Paramount+, including NFL games, are made available based on rights of varying duration that we have negotiated with third parties. We also license various music rights from the major record companies, music publishers and performing rights organizations. Our investments in internally produced and acquired content are significant and involve complex negotiations with numerous third parties, and rapid changes in consumer behavior have increased the risk associated with the success of all kinds of content. Competition for popular content is intense, and we may have to increase the price we are willing to pay for talent and intellectual property rights, which may result in significantly increased costs. Further, increased competition in the market for development and production of original content, particularly from streaming services, increases our content costs. We may be outbid by our competitors for the rights to new, popular content or in connection with the renewals of popular rights we currently hold. As such, there can be no assurance that we will recoup our investments when the content is broadcast or distributed.
Our businesses operate in industries that are highly competitive
We compete with other media companies to attract creative talent and produce high-quality content, and for distribution on a variety of third-party platforms. Competition for talent, content, audiences, subscribers, service providers, production infrastructure, advertising and distribution is intense and comes from other broadcast television networks and stations, cable networks, streaming services, the internet and social media, film studios and independent film producers and distributors, consumer products companies and other entertainment outlets and platforms, as well as from “second screen” applications. Other broadcast television networks or stations or cable networks may change their formats or programming, a new network or station may adopt a format to
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compete directly with our networks or stations, or networks or stations might engage in aggressive promotional campaigns. We also compete with additional entrants into the market for the production of original content and streaming services.
Our ability to obtain widespread distribution on favorable terms, which contributes to our ability to reach audiences and, in turn, attract advertisers, is adversely affected by continued industry consolidation, including distributors and television service providers. Our competitors generally include companies with interests in multiple media businesses that are often vertically integrated, whereas our cable business generally relies on distribution relationships with third parties. As more companies in sectors adjacent to our own create or acquire their own content, they may have significant competitive advantages, which could adversely affect our ability to negotiate favorable terms for distribution or otherwise compete effectively. Our competitors could also have preferential access to important technologies, customer data or other competitive information, as well as significant financial resources.
This competition and consolidation could result in lower ratings and advertising, lower affiliate and other revenues, and increased content costs and promotional and other expenses, negatively affecting our ability to generate revenues and profitability. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in the future against existing or new competitors, or that competition or consolidation in the marketplace will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The loss of affiliation and distribution agreements, renewal of these agreements on less favorable terms or adverse interpretations thereof could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations
A significant portion of our revenues are attributable to agreements with a limited number of distributors. These agreements generally have fixed terms that vary by market and distributor, and there can be no assurance that they will be renewed in the future, or renewed on favorable terms, including those related to pricing and programming tiers. We may also be unable to modify existing agreements with terms that have become less favorable over time. The loss of existing packaging, positioning, pricing or other marketing opportunities and the loss of carriage or the failure to renew our agreements with any distributor, or renew or modify them on favorable terms, could reduce the distribution of our programming and program services and decrease the potential audience for our programs, thereby negatively affecting our growth prospects and revenues from both affiliate fees and advertising. The CBS Network provides affiliated television stations regularly scheduled programming in return for the insertion of network commercials during that programming and the payment of reverse compensation. The loss of such station affiliation agreements could adversely affect our results of operations by reducing the reach of our programming and therefore our attractiveness to advertisers, and renewal of these affiliation agreements on less favorable terms may also adversely affect our results of operations.
Consolidation among and vertical integration of distributors in the cable or broadcast network business has provided more leverage to these distributors and could adversely affect our ability to maintain or obtain distribution for our network programming or distribution and/or marketing of our subscription services on favorable or commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Also, consolidation among television station group owners could increase their negotiating leverage. Competitive pressures faced by MVPDs, particularly in light of the lower retail prices of streaming services, could adversely affect the terms of our renewals with MVPDs. In addition, MVPDs and streaming services continue to develop alternative offerings for consumers. To the extent these offerings do not include our content and become widely accepted in lieu of traditional offerings, we could experience a decline in affiliate revenues.
Our revenues are dependent on the compliance of major distributors with the terms of our affiliation or distribution agreements. As these agreements have grown in complexity, the number of disputes regarding their interpretation and even their validity has grown, resulting in greater uncertainty and, from time to time, litigation with respect to our rights and obligations. Some of our distribution agreements contain “most favored nation” (“MFN”) clauses, which provide that if we enter into an agreement with a distributor and such agreement
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includes terms that are more favorable than those held by a distributor holding an MFN right, we must offer some of those terms to the distributor holding the MFN right. Disagreements with a distributor on the interpretation or validity of an agreement could adversely impact our affiliate and advertising revenues, as well as our relationship with that distributor.
We could suffer losses due to asset impairment charges for goodwill, intangible assets, FCC licenses and programming
We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, including FCC licenses, for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events or circumstances require an interim impairment assessment. Certain future events and circumstances, including deterioration of market conditions, higher cost of capital, a decline in advertising markets, a decrease in audience acceptance of our programming or films, a shift by advertisers to competing advertising platforms and/or changes in consumer behavior could result in a downward revision in the estimated fair value of a reporting unit or intangible assets, including FCC licenses, which could result in a noncash impairment charge. Any such impairment charge for goodwill, intangible assets and/or programming could have a material adverse effect on our reported net earnings.
Our ongoing investments in new businesses, products, services and technologies, through acquisitions and other strategic initiatives, present many risks, and we may not realize intended financial and strategic goals
We have invested in and may continue to invest, including through acquisitions, in new businesses, products, services and technologies as part of our ongoing strategic initiatives. These initiatives, such as the integration of the CBS and Viacom businesses following the Merger, may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including: difficulty integrating acquired businesses; failure to realize anticipated benefits; unanticipated problems, expenses and liabilities; potential disruption to our business and operations; diversion of management’s attention; difficulty managing expanded operations; the loss or inability to retain key employees, including talent; unanticipated challenges to or loss of our relationship with new or existing customers, viewers, advertisers, suppliers, distributors, licensors; insufficient revenues from such investments to offset any new liabilities assumed and expenses associated with new investments; and failure to successfully develop an acquired business or technology. Many of these factors are outside of our control, and because new investments are inherently risky, and the anticipated benefits or value of these investments may not materialize, no assurance can be given that such investments and other strategic initiatives will not adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Relating to Business Continuity, Cybersecurity and Privacy and Data Protection
Disruptions or failures of, or cybersecurity attacks on, our or our service providers’ networks, information systems and other technologies could result in the disclosure of confidential or valuable business or personal information, disruption of our businesses, damage to our brands and reputation, legal exposure and financial losses, and our business continuity plans may prove inadequate to address any such disruption, failure or attack
Cloud services, networks, software, information systems and other technologies we use or that are used by our third-party service providers and our product suppliers (“Providers”), including technology systems used by us and our Providers in connection with the production and distribution of our content and that otherwise perform important functions (“Systems”), are critical to our business activities. Shutdowns or disruptions of, and cybersecurity attacks on, our Systems pose increasing risks on our business. We also use content delivery networks to help us stream programming, films and other content in high volume to viewers and users of our online, mobile and app offerings over the internet. Shutdowns, disruptions and attacks on our or our Providers’ networks or Systems may be caused by third-party hacking; dissemination of computer viruses, worms, malware, ransomware and other destructive or disruptive software; denial-of-service attacks and other bad acts; human error; and power outages, natural disasters, extreme weather, terrorist attacks or other similar events. Shutdowns, disruptions and attacks could have an adverse impact on us, our business partners, advertisers and other Providers,
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employees, viewers and users of our content, including degradation or disruption of service, loss of data and damage to equipment and data. Steps we or our Providers take to enhance, improve or upgrade networks or Systems may not be sufficient to avoid shutdowns, disruptions and attacks. Significant events could result in a disruption of our operations and reduction of our revenues, the loss of or damage to the integrity of data used by management to make decisions and operate our businesses, viewer or advertiser dissatisfaction or a loss of viewers or advertisers, and damage to our reputation or brands. In addition, our recovery and business continuity plans may prove inadequate to address any such disruption, failure or cybersecurity attack.
We are subject to risks caused by the misappropriation, misuse, falsification or intentional or accidental release or loss of business or personal data or programming content maintained in our or our Providers’ Systems, including proprietary and personal information (of third parties, employees and users of our online, mobile and app offerings), business information including intellectual property, or other confidential information. Outside parties may attempt to penetrate our or our Providers’ Systems or fraudulently induce employees, business partners or users of our online, mobile and app offerings to disclose sensitive or confidential information in order to gain access to our proprietary data or our subscribers’ or users’ data, our programming or our intellectual property. The number and sophistication of attempted and successful phishing, information security breaches or disruptive ransomware or denial-of-service attacks in the U.S. and elsewhere have increased significantly in recent years, and because of our prominence, we and/or Providers we use may be a particularly attractive target for such attacks. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or disable, degrade or sabotage, networks and Systems change frequently, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques, implement adequate security measures or remediate flaws or detect intrusion on a timely or effective basis. Despite our efforts, the possibility of these adverse events occurring cannot be eliminated.
If a material breach of our networks or Systems or those of our Providers occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, we could lose subscribers, viewers, revenues in the case of leaked content, advertisers and other business partners, and users of our online, mobile and app offerings; our reputation, brands and credibility could be damaged; and we could be required to expend significant amounts of money and other resources to repair, replace or recover such networks and Systems. We could also be subject to actions by regulatory authorities and claims asserted in private litigation. The costs relating to any data breach could be material, and we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate us for any losses associated with such events.
We are subject to complex, often inconsistent and potentially costly laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and contractual obligations relating to privacy and personal data protection
We are subject to laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and contractual obligations in the U.S. and in other countries relating to privacy and the collection, use and security of personal data. In the E.U., for example, the GDPR mandates data protection compliance obligations and authorizes significant fines for noncompliance, requiring extensive compliance resources and efforts on our part. Further, a number of other regions where we do business have enacted or are considering new data protection regulations that may impact our business activities. In the U.S., the CCPA mandates a host of new obligations for businesses regarding how they handle the personal information of California residents. We are also subject to laws and regulations intended specifically to protect the interests of children and the privacy of minors online, including COPPA in the U.S., and more generally, the GDPR in the E.U., and we have been required to limit some functionality on digital properties as a result of these regulations. Such regulations also restrict the types of advertising we are able to sell on these digital properties and impose strict liability on us for certain of our actions, as well as certain actions of our advertisers and other third parties, which could affect advertising demand and pricing. Recently, laws in Brazil and China that govern the processing of children’s data also went into effect. These laws will likely have similar impacts to COPPA and GDPR, especially with respect to data collected in connection with advertising. Compliance with privacy and data protection rules, regulations, industry standards and contractual obligations, which may be inconsistent with one another, and noncompliance could result in regulatory investigations and enforcement, significant monetary fines, breaches of contractual obligations and private litigation. Any actual or perceived noncompliance could also lead
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to harm to our reputation and market position. See “Business - Regulation - Global Data Protection Laws and Children’s Privacy Laws.”
Risks Relating to Intellectual Property
Infringement of our content, including digital copyright piracy and other unauthorized uses of our content, reduces revenue received from legitimate distribution of our programming, films, books and other entertainment content and adversely affects our business, financial condition and results of operations
Our success depends in part on our ability to maintain and monetize our intellectual property rights. We are fundamentally a content company and infringement of our content - specifically, the infringement of our films, television programming, digital content, books and other intellectual property rights - affects the value of our content. Copyright infringement is particularly prevalent in many parts of the world that either lack effective laws and technical protection measures similar to those existing in the U.S. and Europe or lack effective enforcement of such measures, or both. Such foreign copyright infringement often creates a supply of pirated content for major markets as well. The interpretation of copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws as applied to our content, and our infringement-detection and enforcement efforts, remain in flux, and some methods of enforcement have encountered political opposition. The failure to appropriately enforce and/or the weakening of existing intellectual property laws could make it more difficult for us to adequately protect and monetize our intellectual property and thus negatively affect its value.
Copyright piracy is made easier by the wide availability of higher bandwidth and reduced storage costs, as well as tools that undermine encryption and other security features and enable infringers to disguise their identities online. We and our numerous production and distribution partners operate various technology systems in connection with the production and distribution of our programming and films, and intentional or unintentional acts could result in unauthorized access to our content. The continuing proliferation of digital formats and technologies heightens this risk. Internet-connected televisions, set-top boxes and mobile devices are ubiquitous, and many can support illegal retransmission platforms, illicit video-on-demand or streaming services and pre-loaded hardware, providing more accessible, versatile and legitimate-looking environments for consuming unlicensed film and television content. Unauthorized access to our content could result in the premature release of films, television programs or other content as well as a reduction in demand for authorized content, which would likely have significant adverse effects on the value of the affected content and our ability to monetize our content.
Copyright infringement reduces the revenue that we are able to generate from the legitimate sale and distribution of our content, undermines lawful distribution channels, reduces the public’s and some affiliate partners’ perceived value of our content and inhibits our ability to recoup or profit from the costs incurred to create such content. We are actively engaged in enforcement and other activities to protect our intellectual property, and it is likely that we will continue to expend substantial resources in connection with these initiatives. Efforts to prevent the unauthorized reproduction, distribution and exhibition of our content may affect our profitability and may not be successful in preventing harm to our business.
Risks Relating to Macroeconomic and Political Conditions
COVID-19 and other pandemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted, and is expected to continue to impact, the macroeconomic environment in the U.S. and globally. In an effort to contain COVID-19 or slow its spread, governments around the world have enacted various measures, some of which have been subsequently rescinded, modified or reinstated, including travel bans, orders to close or limit access to businesses not deemed “essential,” vaccination and masking requirements, requirements to isolate residents to their homes or places of residence, and social distancing. The difficult macroeconomic environment has included increased and prolonged unemployment, a decline in consumer confidence, global supply chain issues and inflation, and prolonged declines in economic
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growth, as well as changes in consumer behavior in response to the pandemic, which have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Other pandemics or widespread health emergencies may have similar effects.
As a result of COVID-19, in 2020 we experienced a material negative impact on our advertising revenues as a result of weakness in the advertising market, the cancellation or postponement of sporting events, and the delay of the broadcast television season as a result of production shutdowns. While the advertising market improved in 2021, we are not able to predict the effect that COVID-19 may have on the advertising market in the future and any prolonged decline in our advertising revenues would have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. COVID-19 had a negative effect on our licensing revenues due to production shutdowns, delays in our delivery of content to third parties, and fewer original programs and live events airing on our networks. We also experienced lower demand for the licensing of our content from advertising-supported licensees. While production has resumed, we are not able to predict whether we will encounter future production delays or shutdowns or if and to what extent content licensing revenues will continue to be negatively impacted. Our theatrical revenues have been negatively impacted by the closure or reduced capacity of movie theaters as a result of COVID-19. We are not able to predict the effect that COVID-19 may have on theatergoing in the future, including whether consumers will return at the same levels they previously did because of concerns related to COVID-19 or because of changes to viewing habits, or whether revenues from theatrical releases will be comparable to historical levels.
The magnitude of the continuing impact of COVID-19 and its variants, which could be material to our business, financial condition and results of operations, will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or control, including the duration and extent of the pandemic, the impact of governmental actions, consumer behavior in response to the pandemic and such governmental actions, and economic and operating conditions in the aftermath of COVID-19. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of the pandemic, we are not able to estimate the full extent of the impact that COVID-19 will have on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and that impact could also exacerbate the other risks described herein. Even after COVID-19 has moderated and governmental restrictions have eased, we may continue to experience the same adverse effects on our business resulting from recessionary economic conditions that persist and long-term changes in the advertising and distribution markets and consumer engagement and viewing habits.
Economic and political conditions in a variety of markets around the world could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations
Our businesses operate and have audiences, customers and partners worldwide, and we are focused on expanding our international operations in key markets, some of which are emerging markets. For that reason, economic conditions in many different markets around the world affect a number of aspects of our businesses. Economic conditions in each market can also impact our audience’s discretionary spending (such as current inflation or global supply chain issues) and therefore their willingness to access our content, as well as the businesses of our partners who purchase advertising on our networks, causing them to reduce their spending on advertising. We may also be subject to longer payment cycles. In addition, as we have expanded our international operations, our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar has increased, and there is no assurance that downward trending currencies will rebound or that stable currencies will remain stable in any period. Such fluctuations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Also, volatility and weakness in the capital markets, the tightening of credit markets or a decrease in our debt ratings could adversely affect our ability to obtain cost-effective financing. Broader supply chain delays, such as those currently impacting global distribution, may impact our business.
Our businesses are also exposed to certain political risks inherent in conducting a global business, including retaliatory actions by governments reacting to changes in the U.S. and other countries, including in connection with trade negotiations; issues related to the presence of corruption in certain markets and enforcement of anticorruption laws and regulations; increased risk of political instability in some markets as well as conflict and
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sanctions preventing us from accessing those markets; escalating trade, immigration and nuclear disputes; wars, acts of terrorism or other hostilities; and other political, economic or other uncertainties.
These political and economic risks could create instability in any of the markets where our businesses derive revenues, which could result in a reduction of revenue or loss of investment that adversely affects our businesses, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Relating to Regulatory and Legal Matters
Failures to comply with or changes in U.S. or foreign laws or regulations may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations, both in the U.S. and/or in the foreign jurisdictions in which we or our partners operate, including laws and regulations relating to intellectual property, content regulation, user privacy, data protection, anticorruption, repatriation of profits, tax regimes, quotas, tariffs or other trade barriers, currency exchange controls, operating license and permit requirements, restrictions on foreign ownership or investment, anticompetitive conduct, export and market access restrictions, and exceptions to and limitations on copyright and censorship, among others.
The television broadcasting and cable programming industries in the U.S. are highly regulated by U.S. federal laws and regulations issued and administered by various federal agencies, including the FCC. For example, we are required to obtain licenses from the FCC to operate our television stations and periodically renew them. It cannot be assured that the FCC will approve our future renewal applications or that the renewals will be for full terms or will not include conditions or qualifications. The nonrenewal, or renewal with substantial conditions or modifications, of one or more of our licenses could have a material adverse effect on our revenues. We must also comply with extensive FCC limits on the ownership and operation of our television stations and our television networks, which could restrict our ability to consummate future transactions and in certain circumstances could require us to divest some television stations.
Our businesses could be adversely affected by new laws and regulations, changes in existing laws, changes in interpretations of existing laws by courts and regulators and the threat that additional laws or regulations may be forthcoming, as well as our ability to enforce our legal rights. We could be required to change or limit certain of our business practices, which could impact our ability to generate revenues. We could also incur substantial costs to comply with new and existing laws and regulations, or substantial fines and penalties or other liabilities if we fail to comply with such laws and regulations.
Our liabilities related to discontinued operations and former businesses could adversely impact our financial conditions
We have both recognized and potential liabilities and costs related to discontinued operations and former businesses, certain of which are unrelated to our existing business, including leases, guarantees, environmental liabilities, liabilities related to the pensions and medical expenses of retirees, asbestos liabilities, contractual disputes and other pending and threatened litigation. We cannot be assured that our accruals for these matters are sufficient to cover these liabilities in their entirety or any one of these liabilities when it becomes due or at what point any of these liabilities may come due. Therefore, there can be no assurances that these liabilities will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating performance or cash flows.
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Risks Relating to Human Capital
The loss of existing or inability to hire new key employees or secure creative talent could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations
Our business depends upon the continued efforts, abilities and expertise of our executives and other employees and the creative talent with whom we work. We compete for executives in highly specialized and evolving industries (including streaming) and our ability to attract, retain and engage such individuals may be impacted by our reputation, workplace culture, efforts with respect to DE&I and ESG matters, the compensation and benefits we provide, and our commitment to effectively managing executive succession. We also employ or contract with entertainment personalities with loyal audiences and produce films with highly regarded directors, producers, writers, actors and other creative talent in highly competitive markets. Our ability to attract and retain these individuals will similarly be impacted by our reputation, culture and efforts with respect to DE&I and ESG matters. These individuals are important to attracting viewers and the success of our programs, films and other content. There can be no assurance that these individuals will remain with us or will retain their current appeal, or that the costs associated with retaining them or new talent will be reasonable. If we fail to retain or attract new key employees or creative talent, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
We and our business partners also engage the services of writers, directors, actors, musicians and other creative talent, production crew members, trade employees, professional athletes and others who are subject to collective bargaining agreements. Any labor disputes, including lockouts, strikes or work stoppages, may disrupt our operations and cause delays in the production of our programming, which could increase our costs and have an adverse effect on our revenues, cash flows and/or operating income.
Risks Relating to our Ownership Structure
NAI, through its voting control of the Company, is in a position to control actions that require stockholder approval
NAI, through its direct and indirect ownership of our Class A Common Stock, has voting control of the Company. As of December 31, 2021, NAI directly or indirectly owned approximately 77.4% of our voting Class A Common Stock and approximately 9.7% of our Class A Common Stock and non-voting Class B Common Stock on a combined basis. NAI is controlled by the Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Part B General Trust (the “General Trust”), which owns 80% of the voting interest of NAI and acts by majority vote of seven voting trustees (subject to certain exceptions), including with respect to the NAI shares held by the General Trust. Shari E. Redstone, Chairperson, CEO and President of NAI and non-executive Chair of our Board of Directors, is one of the seven voting trustees for the General Trust and is one of two voting trustees who are beneficiaries of the General Trust. No member of our management or other member of our Board of Directors is a trustee of the General Trust.
NAI is in a position to control the outcome of corporate actions that require, or may be accomplished by, stockholder approval, including amending our bylaws, the election or removal of directors and transactions involving a change of control. For example, our bylaws provide that:
•the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the aggregate voting power of all outstanding shares of our capital stock then entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, is required for our stockholders to amend, alter, change, repeal or adopt any of our bylaws;
•any or all of our directors may be removed from office at any time prior to the expiration of his or her term of office, with or without cause, only by the affirmative vote of the holders of record of outstanding shares representing at least a majority of all the aggregate voting power of outstanding shares of our Common Stock then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class at a special meeting of our stockholders called expressly for that purpose; and
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•in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, our stockholders may act by written consent without a meeting if such stockholders hold the number of shares representing not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such actions at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.
Accordingly, our stockholders who may have different interests are unable to affect the outcome of any such corporate actions for so long as NAI retains voting control.
Sales of NAI’s shares of our Common Stock, some of which are pledged to lenders, could adversely affect the stock price
Based on information received from NAI, NAI has pledged to its lenders a portion of shares of our Class A Common Stock and our Class B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly by NAI. As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock pledged by NAI to its lenders represented approximately 3.9% of the total outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock and our Class B Common Stock on a combined basis. If there is a default on NAI’s debt obligations and the lenders foreclose on the pledged shares, the lenders may not effect a transfer, sale or disposition of any pledged shares of our Class A Common Stock unless NAI and its affiliates beneficially own 50% or less of our Class A Common Stock then outstanding or such shares have first been converted into our Class B Common Stock. A sale of the pledged shares could adversely affect our Common Stock share price. In addition, there can be no assurance that at some future time NAI will not sell or pledge additional shares of our Common Stock, which could adversely affect our Common Stock share price.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments.
Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2.
Properties.
Our significant physical properties are described below. In addition, we own and lease office, studio, production and warehouse space and broadcast, antenna and satellite transmission facilities throughout the U.S. and around the world for our businesses. We consider our properties adequate for our present needs.
•Our global headquarters is located at 1515 Broadway, New York, New York, where we lease approximately 1.6 million square feet for executive, administrative and business offices, and production space for the Company and certain of our operating divisions. The lease runs through 2031, with two renewal options based on market rates at the time of renewal for ten years each.
•We occupy approximately 284,000 square feet of office and administrative space at 51 West 52nd Street, New York, New York under a lease expiring in 2023 for the majority of the space and in 2024 for the remainder of the space.
TV Entertainment
•We own the CBS Broadcast Center complex located on approximately 3.7 acres at 524 West 57th Street, New York, New York, which consists of approximately 860,000 square feet of office, studio and production space.
•At the Radford Studio Lot in Studio City, California (formerly known as the CBS Studio Center), we occupy (i) approximately 125,000 square feet of office, studio and production space for the operations of KCAL-TV, KCBS-TV and the CBS News Bureau under a lease expiring in 2031 and (ii) approximately 150,000 square feet of office and administrative space under a lease expiring in December 2022.
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•We occupy approximately 330,000 square feet of office and production space at 555 West 57th Street, New York, New York, under a lease expiring in 2023.
Cable Networks
•We occupy approximately 281,000 square feet of office and production space at 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York, under a lease expiring in October 2022.
•We occupy approximately 210,000 square feet of office and production space at 1575 North Gower Street, Los Angeles, California, under a lease expiring in 2028.
•We own and occupy our Cloud Control Center and Network Operations Center, both located in Hauppauge, New York, containing, in the aggregate, approximately 170,000 square feet of floor space on approximately 22 acres of land.
•The Nickelodeon Animation Studio at 203-231 West Olive Avenue, Burbank, California contains approximately 180,000 square feet of studio and office space, leased under two leases expiring in 2036.
•Nickelodeon’s Live Action Studio contains approximately 108,000 square feet of stage and office space at Burbank Studios, 3000 West Alameda Avenue, Burbank, California, under a lease expiring in 2024.
•Showtime Networks leases approximately 253,000 square feet of office and production space at 1633 Broadway, New York, New York, under a lease expiring in 2026 and leases approximately 56,000 square feet of office space at The Lot, 1041 N. Formosa Avenue, West Hollywood, California, under a lease expiring in 2028.
•Telefe occupies approximately 375,000 square feet at its owned and leased facilities in Buenos Aires, Argentina, for the purposes of office, studio and production spaces, transmission facilities and other ancillary uses.
•Chilevisión occupies approximately 187,098 square feet of leased space in Santiago, Chile, for the purposes of offices, technical areas, warehouses and other ancillary uses.
•VCNI occupies approximately 140,000 square feet of office, studio and production space at its owned and leased Hawley Crescent facilities in London.
•Network 10 leases approximately 118,000 square feet of office, studio, production and storage space at 1 Saunders Street, Pyrmont, New South Wales, Australia, under a lease expiring in 2033.
Filmed Entertainment
•Paramount owns the Paramount Pictures Studio lot situated at 5555 Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles, California, located on approximately 62 acres of land, and containing approximately 1.85 million square feet of floor space used for executive, administrative and business offices, sound stages, production facilities, theatres, equipment facilities and other ancillary uses.
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings.
The information set forth under the caption “Legal Matters” in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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Part II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5.
Market for ViacomCBS Inc.’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our voting Class A Common Stock and non-voting Class B Common Stock are listed and traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbols “VIACA” and “VIAC,” respectively.
We declared a quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B Common Stock during each of the quarters of 2021 and 2020. During each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we declared total per share dividends of $.96, resulting in total annual dividends of $625 million and $601 million, respectively. On December 19, 2019, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, resulting in total dividends of $150 million. Prior to Viacom Inc. (“Viacom”) merging with and into CBS Corporation (“CBS”) (the “Merger”), Viacom and CBS each declared a quarterly cash dividend during each of the first three quarters of 2019. During the first three quarters of 2019, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.54, resulting in total dividends of $205 million. During the first three quarters of 2019, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.60, resulting in total dividends of $245 million.
During each of the third and fourth quarters of 2021, we declared quarterly cash dividends of $1.4375 per share on our 5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock (“Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock”). During the second quarter of 2021, we declared a cash dividend of $1.5493 per share on our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, representing a dividend period from March 26, 2021 through July 1, 2021. Accordingly, we recorded dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock of $44.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.
On February 10, 2022, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, payable on April 1, 2022. We currently expect to continue to pay a regular cash dividend to our common stockholders. At the same time, we also declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.4375 per share on our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, payable on April 1, 2022.
In November 2010, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase $1.5 billion of our common stock in open market purchases or other types of transactions (including accelerated stock repurchases or privately negotiated transactions). Since then, various increases totaling $16.4 billion have been approved and announced, including most recently, an increase to the share repurchase program to a total availability of $6.0 billion on July 28, 2016. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we did not purchase any shares of our common stock. Our publicly announced share repurchase program had remaining authorization of $2.36 billion at December 31, 2021.
As of February 10, 2022, there were approximately 2,007 record holders of our Class A Common Stock and approximately 28,121 record holders of our Class B Common Stock.
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Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return of our Class A and Class B Common Stock with the cumulative total return on the companies listed in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”) and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Media and Entertainment Industry Group Index (“S&P 500 Media and Entertainment Index”).
The performance graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2016 in each of our Class A and Class B Common Stock, the S&P 500, and the S&P 500 Media and Entertainment Index, including reinvestment of dividends, through the calendar year ended December 31, 2021.
Total Cumulative Stockholder Return
For Five-Year Period Ended December 31, 2021
December 31, 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Class A Common Stock $100 $93 $69 $72 $63 $57
Class B Common Stock $100 $94 $70 $69 $64 $53
S&P 500 $100 $122 $116 $153 $181 $233
S&P 500 Media & Entertainment Index $100 $107 $95 $127 $167 $211
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Management’s discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of ViacomCBS Inc. should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes. References in this document to “ViacomCBS,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to ViacomCBS Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Effective February 16, 2022, we are changing our name to Paramount Global.
Significant components of management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition include:
•Overview-Summary of our business and operational highlights.
•Consolidated Results of Operations-Analysis of our results on a consolidated basis for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, including a comparison of 2021 to 2020. Analysis of our results on a consolidated basis for the year ended December 31, 2019, including a comparison of 2020 to 2019, is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
•Segment Results of Operations-Analysis of our results on a reportable segment basis for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, including a comparison of 2021 to 2020. Analysis of our results on a reportable segment basis for the year ended December 31, 2019, including a comparison of 2020 to 2019, is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
•Liquidity and Capital Resources-Discussions of our cash flows, including sources and uses of cash, for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and our outstanding debt. Discussion of our cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
•Critical Accounting Policies-Detail with respect to accounting policies that are considered by management to require significant judgment and use of estimates and that could have a significant impact on our financial statements.
•Legal Matters-Discussion of legal matters to which we are involved.
•Market Risk-Discussion of how we manage exposure to market and interest rate risks.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Overview
Operational Highlights 2021 vs. 2020
Consolidated results of operations Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
GAAP:
Revenues $ 28,586 $ 25,285 $ 3,301 13 %
Operating income $ 6,297 $ 4,139 $ 2,158 52 %
Net earnings from continuing operations
attributable to ViacomCBS
$ 4,381 $ 2,305 $ 2,076 90 %
Diluted EPS from continuing operations
attributable to ViacomCBS
$ 6.69 $ 3.73 $ 2.96 79 %
Non-GAAP: (a)
Adjusted OIBDA $ 4,444 $ 5,132 $ (688) (13) %
Adjusted net earnings from continuing operations
attributable to ViacomCBS
$ 2,292 $ 2,595 $ (303) (12) %
Adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations
attributable to ViacomCBS
$ 3.48 $ 4.20 $ (.72) (17) %
(a) Certain items identified as affecting comparability are excluded in non-GAAP results. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for details of these items and reconciliations of non-GAAP results to the most directly comparable financial measures in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).
For 2021, revenues increased 13% to $28.59 billion from $25.29 billion in 2020, reflecting growth in all revenue streams. The increase was led by 64% higher streaming revenues, with growth across our streaming services, and an 11% increase in advertising revenues. The advertising revenue growth is principally the result of CBS’ broadcasts of Super Bowl LV and NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Championship (the “NCAA Tournament”) games, which contributed 9-percentage points of the increase and for which there were no comparable broadcasts on CBS in 2020. We have the rights to broadcast the Super Bowl on a rotational basis with other networks, and the 2020 NCAA Tournament was cancelled as a result of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”). Affiliate revenues grew 5%, driven by expanded distribution for our domestic cable networks and growth in fees received from television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“reverse compensation”). Licensing and other revenues also increased 5%, primarily reflecting a higher volume of licensing, including from the timing of program availabilities, partially offset by the benefit to the prior year from the licensing of the domestic streaming rights to South Park. Theatrical revenues were up 34%, as a result of a higher number of theatrical releases in 2021, reflecting the impact on 2020 from the closure or reduced capacity of movie theaters in response to COVID-19.
Operating income for 2021 increased 52% to $6.30 billion from $4.14 billion in 2020. This comparison was impacted by items identified as affecting comparability, including gains on sales in 2021 of $2.34 billion, principally reflecting gains on real estate sales of $2.23 billion; a gain on sale of $214 million in 2020; restructuring charges in each period; and in 2020, costs for other corporate matters, programming charges and impairment charges. Adjusted OIBDA decreased 13%, as revenue growth was more than offset by higher costs, principally from an increased investment in our streaming services, the timing of production as the prior year was impacted by shutdowns as a result of COVID-19, and the broadcast of noncomparable sporting events in 2021.
For 2021, net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and diluted EPS from continuing operations increased 90% and 79%, respectively, from 2020. These comparisons were impacted by items identified as affecting comparability, including the aforementioned items impacting operating income, and in each period, a loss on extinguishment of debt, gains from investments, and discrete tax items. Adjusted net earnings
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and adjusted diluted EPS decreased 12% and 17%, respectively, reflecting lower Adjusted OIBDA partially offset by the impact in the prior year from the noncontrolling interest’s share of profit from the licensing of South Park. Additionally, diluted EPS and adjusted diluted EPS for 2021 were each impacted by the 2021 stock issuances discussed below, which negatively impacted reported diluted EPS by $.26 and adjusted diluted EPS by $.16.
Stock Offerings
On March 26, 2021, we completed offerings of 20 million shares of our Class B Common Stock at a price to the public of $85 per share and 10 million shares of 5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock (“Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock”) at a price to the public and liquidation preference of $100 per share. The net proceeds from the Class B Common Stock offering and the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock offering were approximately $1.67 billion and $983 million, respectively, in each case after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses. We have used and intend to continue to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including investments in streaming.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
Results for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included certain items identified as affecting comparability. Adjusted OIBDA, adjusted earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, adjusted provision for income taxes, adjusted net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS, and adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations (together, the “adjusted measures”) exclude the impact of these items and are measures of performance not calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use these measures to, among other things, evaluate our operating performance. These measures are among the primary measures used by management for planning and forecasting of future periods, and they are important indicators of our operational strength and business performance. In addition, we use Adjusted OIBDA to, among other things, value prospective acquisitions. We believe these measures are relevant and useful for investors because they allow investors to view performance in a manner similar to the method used by our management; provide a clearer perspective on our underlying performance; and make it easier for investors, analysts and peers to compare our operating performance to other companies in our industry and to compare our year-over-year results.
Because the adjusted measures are measures of performance not calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, operating income, earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, provision for income taxes, net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS or diluted EPS from continuing operations, as applicable, as indicators of operating performance. These measures, as we calculate them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following tables reconcile the adjusted measures to their most directly comparable financial measures in accordance with GAAP.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020
Operating income (GAAP) $ 6,297 $ 4,139
Depreciation and amortization (a)
390 430
Restructuring and other corporate matters (b)
100 618
Programming charges (b)
- 159
Net gain on sales (b)
(2,343) (214)
Adjusted OIBDA (Non-GAAP) $ 4,444 $ 5,132
(a) 2020 includes an impairment charge for FCC licenses of $25 million and accelerated depreciation of $12 million for technology that was abandoned in connection with synergy plans related to the merger of Viacom Inc. with and into CBS Corporation (the “Merger”).
(b) See notes on the following tables for additional information on items affecting comparability.
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations
Reported (GAAP) $ 5,206 $ (646) $ 4,381 $ 6.69
Items affecting comparability:
Restructuring and other corporate matters (a)
100 (25) 75 .11
Net gain on sales (b)
(2,343) 592 (1,751) (2.67)
Gains from investments (c)
(47) 11 (36) (.05)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 128 (30) 98 .15
Pension settlement charge (d)
10 (2) 8 .01
Discrete tax items (e)
- (517) (517) (.79)
Impairment of equity-method investment,
net of tax - - 34 .05
Impact of antidilution of Mandatory
Convertible Preferred Stock (f)
- - - (.02)
Adjusted (Non-GAAP) $ 3,054 $ (617) $ 2,292 $ 3.48
(a) Reflects severance costs associated with changes in management at certain of our businesses and the impairment of lease assets in connection with cost transformation initiatives related to the Merger.
(b) Primarily reflects gains on the sales of CBS Studio Center, 51 West 52nd Street, an office tower that was formerly the headquarters of CBS (“51 West 52nd Street”), and a noncore trademark licensing operation.
(c) Primarily reflects a gain of $37 million on the sale of an investment and a gain of $9 million from an increase in the fair value of an investment that was sold during the third quarter of 2021.
(d) Reflects the accelerated recognition of a portion of the unamortized actuarial losses due to the volume of lump sum benefit payments in one of our pension plans.
(e) Primarily reflects a benefit of $260 million to remeasure our United Kingdom (“U.K.”) net deferred income tax asset as a result of the enactment of an increase in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 19% to 25% beginning April 1, 2023, a benefit of $229 million from the recognition of a capital loss associated with a change in the tax entity classification of a foreign subsidiary, as well as a net tax benefit in connection with the settlement of income tax audits.
(f) The weighted average number of common shares outstanding used in the calculation of reported diluted EPS from continuing operations were 655 million and in the calculation of adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations were 646 million. These amounts differ because adjusted diluted EPS excludes the effect of the assumed conversion of our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of common stock since the impact would have been antidilutive. As a result, in the calculation of adjusted diluted EPS, the weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding does not include the assumed issuance of shares upon conversion of preferred stock, and preferred stock dividends recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021 of $44 million are deducted from net earnings from continuing operations.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations
Reported (GAAP) $ 3,147 $ (535) $ 2,305 $ 3.73
Items affecting comparability:
Restructuring and other corporate matters (a)
618 (133) 485 .79
Impairment charge (b)
25 (6) 19 .03
Depreciation of abandoned technology (c)
12 (3) 9 .01
Programming charges (d)
159 (39) 120 .20
Gain on sales (e)
(214) 31 (183) (.30)
Net gains from investments (f)
(206) 50 (156) (.25)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 126 (29) 97 .16
Discrete tax items (g)
- (110) (110) (.18)
Impairment of equity-method investment,
net of tax - - 9 .01
Adjusted (Non-GAAP) $ 3,667 $ (774) $ 2,595 $ 4.20
(a) Reflects severance, exit costs and other costs related to the Merger and a charge to write down property and equipment that was classified as held for sale.
(b) Reflects a charge to reduce the carrying values of FCC licenses in two markets to their fair values.
(c) Reflects accelerated depreciation for technology that was abandoned in connection with synergy plans related to the Merger.
(d) Primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19.
(e) Reflects a gain on the sale of CNET Media Group (“CMG”).
(f) Primarily reflects an increase in the value of our investment in fuboTV, Inc. (“fuboTV”), which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2020.
(g) Primarily reflects a benefit from the remeasurement of our U.K. net deferred income tax asset as a result of an increase in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 17% to 19% enacted during the third quarter of 2020.
Consolidated Results of Operations - 2021 vs. 2020
Revenues
Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, we changed the categories we use to disaggregate revenues to include streaming revenues in order to align with management’s increased focus on this revenue stream. Streaming revenues are comprised of streaming advertising and streaming subscription revenues. Streaming advertising revenues are earned from advertisements on our pay and free streaming services, including Paramount+ and Pluto TV, and from digital video advertisements on our websites and in our video content on third-party platforms (“other digital video platforms”). Streaming subscription revenues include fees for our pay streaming services, including Paramount+, Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service (“Showtime OTT”), BET+ and Noggin, as well as premium subscriptions to access certain video content on our websites. Accordingly, our advertising and affiliate revenue categories exclude revenues earned by our streaming services and on other digital video platforms. The prior year has been reclassified to conform to this presentation.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues by Type % of Total % of Total Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Revenues 2020 Revenues $ %
Advertising (a)
$ 9,267 32 % $ 8,333 33 % $ 934 11 %
Affiliate (b)
8,394 29 8,023 32 371 5
Streaming 4,193 15 2,561 10 1,632 64
Theatrical 241 1 180 1 61 34
Licensing and other 6,491 23 6,188 24 303 5
Total Revenues $ 28,586 100 % $ 25,285 100 % $ 3,301 13 %
(a) Excludes streaming advertising revenues.
(b) Excludes streaming subscription revenues.
Advertising
Advertising revenues are generated primarily from the sale of advertising spots on our global broadcast and cable networks and television stations. For 2021, the 11% increase in advertising revenues was driven by the benefit in 2021 from CBS’ broadcasts of Super Bowl LV and NCAA Tournament games for which there were no comparable broadcasts on CBS in 2020, and an improved advertising market, driven by higher pricing and demand, compared with 2020, which was negatively impacted by COVID-19. We have the rights to broadcast the Super Bowl and the national semi-finals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament on a rotational basis with other networks, including in 2021. Additionally, while we share the games in the preceding rounds of the NCAA Tournament with Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. (“Turner”) each year, COVID-19 caused the cancellation of the NCAA Tournament in 2020. These noncomparable sporting events contributed 9-percentage points of the advertising revenue increase for 2021. The above-mentioned increases were partially offset by lower linear impressions for our domestic networks; lower political advertising sales, reflecting the benefit to 2020 from the U.S. Presidential election; and the absence of CMG as a result of its sale in the fourth quarter of 2020, which negatively impacted the comparison by 1-percentage point.
In March 2021, we reached an agreement with the National Football League (“NFL”) to extend our rights to broadcast American Football Conference (AFC) regular season and post-season games, which include wildcard, divisional playoff and championship games, on the CBS Television Network and to stream these games live on Paramount+. The contract begins with the 2023 season and extends through the 2033 season, and includes the rights to the Super Bowl in 2024, 2028 and 2032, as well as certain expanded rights across our networks and platforms. The NFL has a one-time right to terminate the agreement after the 2029 season.
In 2022, the advertising revenue comparison will be negatively impacted by the absence of the Super Bowl and semi-finals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament, which will be carried by other networks, reflecting the above-mentioned rotational nature of the rights to broadcast these tentpole sporting events. However, comparability in 2022 will benefit from higher political advertising revenues, mainly in the second half of the year, driven by mid-term elections.
Affiliate
Affiliate revenues are principally comprised of fees received from multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) and third-party live television streaming services (“virtual MVPDs” or “vMVPDs”) for carriage of our cable networks (“cable affiliate fees”), reverse compensation, and fees for authorizing the MVPDs’ and vMVPDs’ carriage of our owned television stations (“retransmission fees”). For 2021, affiliate revenues increased 5% as a result of growth in reverse compensation and retransmission fee revenues; and higher cable affiliate fees, reflecting the benefit from the launch of our basic cable networks in June 2020 and April 2021 on two vMVPDs,
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
rate increases, and revenues from pay-per-view boxing events, partially offset by the impact of subscriber declines.
Streaming
Streaming Revenues by Type Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Advertising $ 2,145 $ 1,418 $ 727 51 %
Subscription 2,048 1,143 905 79
Total Streaming Revenues $ 4,193 $ 2,561 $ 1,632 64 %
For 2021, streaming advertising revenues grew 51% driven by higher advertising on our streaming services, Pluto TV and Paramount+, as well as growth on our other digital video platforms. Global monthly active users (“MAUs”), which reflect the number of unique devices interacting with the Pluto TV service in a calendar month, increased 21.3 million to 64.4 million for December 2021 from 43.1 million for December 2020.
Streaming subscription revenues increased 79% reflecting subscriber growth, which was led by Paramount+, which benefited from film releases, including A Quiet Place Part II and PAW Patrol: The Movie; new original scripted dramas, including 1883 and Mayor of Kingstown; NFL games; and launches in international markets. Revenue growth also benefited from subscriber increases for Showtime OTT and BET+. Global streaming subscribers increased 26.2 million to 56.1 million at December 31, 2021 from 29.9 million at December 31, 2020. Global streaming subscribers include customers with access to our domestic or international streaming services, either directly through our owned and operated apps and websites, or through third-party distributors. Our subscribers include paid subscriptions and those customers registered in a free trial, and subscribers are considered unique to each of our services, whether offered individually or as part of a bundle.
Theatrical
Theatrical revenues are principally earned from the worldwide theatrical distribution of films through audience ticket sales. For 2021, the 34% increase in theatrical revenues reflects the benefit from current year releases including A Quiet Place Part II and PAW Patrol: The Movie, while the prior year was impacted by the closure or reduced capacity of movie theaters in response to COVID-19, following the release of Sonic the Hedgehog in the first quarter of 2020, and throughout the remainder of the year.
Licensing and Other
Licensing and other revenues are principally comprised of fees from the licensing of the rights to exhibit our internally-produced television and film programming on various platforms in the secondary market after its initial exhibition on our owned or third-party platforms; license fees from content produced for third parties; home entertainment revenues, which include revenues from the viewing of our content on a transactional basis through transactional video-on-demand (TVOD) and electronic sell-through services, and the sale and distribution of our content through DVDs and Blu-ray discs to wholesale and retail partners; fees from the use of our trademarks and brands for consumer products, recreation and live events; fees from the distribution of third-party programming; and revenues from the rental of production facilities. For 2021, licensing and other revenues increased 5%, reflecting a higher volume of licensing, including from the timing of program availabilities as a result of production shutdowns in 2020 because of COVID-19, and increased licensing for consumer products. These increases were partially offset by the benefit to the prior year from the licensing of the domestic streaming rights to South Park.
II-9
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Operating Expenses
% of % of
Operating Expenses by Type Operating Operating Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Expenses 2020 Expenses $ %
Production and programming $ 12,672 71 % $ 10,204 68 % $ 2,468 24 %
Participations and residuals 2,031 12 1,729 12 302 17
Programming charges - - 159 1 (159) n/m
Distribution and other 3,041 17 2,900 19 141 5
Total Operating Expenses $ 17,744 100 % $ 14,992 100 % $ 2,752 18 %
n/m - not meaningful
Production and Programming
Production and programming expenses reflect the amortization of costs of internally-produced television and theatrical film content; amortization of acquired program rights; and other television production costs, including on-air talent. For 2021, the increase of 24% was primarily a result of an increased investment in content for our streaming services; the timing of production, as the prior year was impacted by shutdowns as a result of COVID-19; and higher sports programming costs, principally associated with noncomparable sporting events.
Participations and Residuals
Participation and residual costs primarily include expenses relating to amounts owed to talent and other participants in our content pursuant to contractual and collective bargaining arrangements. For 2021, participation and residual costs increased 17% primarily as a result of the increase in licensing revenues in 2021 as well as the mix of titles licensed in each year.
Programming Charges
During 2020, we recorded programming charges of $159 million primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19.
Distribution and Other
Distribution and other operating expenses primarily include costs relating to the distribution of our content, including print and advertising for theatrical releases and costs paid to third-party distributors; compensation; revenue-sharing costs to television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network; and other ancillary and overhead costs associated with our operations. For 2021, the 5% increase was a result of cost increases associated with the growth of our streaming services.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 6,398 $ 5,320 $ 1,078 20 %
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include expenses incurred for selling and marketing costs, occupancy, professional service fees and back office support, including employee compensation. The 20% increase in SG&A expenses was driven by advertising, marketing and other cost increases to support the growth
II-10
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
and expansion of our streaming services, including the launch of Paramount+. The increase also reflects higher advertising and marketing costs to promote the increased level of original programming in 2021.
Depreciation and Amortization
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Depreciation and amortization $ 390 $ 430 $ (40) (9) %
Depreciation and amortization expense reflects depreciation of fixed assets, including transponders and equipment under finance leases, amortization of finite-lived intangible assets, and impairment of fixed and intangible assets, when applicable. For 2020, amortization expense included an impairment charge of $25 million in the TV Entertainment segment to write down the carrying values of FCC licenses in two markets to their fair values and accelerated depreciation of $12 million resulting from the abandonment of technology in connection with synergy plans related to the Merger.
Restructuring and Other Corporate Matters
During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded the following costs associated with restructuring and other corporate matters.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020
Severance $ 65 $ 472
Exit costs and other 35 70
Restructuring charges 100 542
Merger-related costs - 56
Other corporate matters - 20
Restructuring and other corporate matters $ 100 $ 618
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded restructuring charges of $100 million. These charges include $65 million of severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, primarily associated with changes in management at certain of our businesses. The charges also include $35 million for the impairment of lease assets that we determined we will not use and began actively marketing for sublease. This determination was made in connection with cost-transformation initiatives related to the Merger. The impairment is the result of a decline in market conditions since inception of these leases and reflects the difference between the estimated fair values, which were determined based on the expected discounted future cash flows of the lease assets, and the carrying values.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $542 million, associated with cost-transformation initiatives in connection with the Merger in an effort to reduce redundancies across our businesses. These charges consisted of severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, as well as costs resulting from the termination of contractual obligations and charges associated with the exit of leases. In addition, in 2020 we incurred costs of $56 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of professional fees mainly associated with integration activities, as well as transaction-related bonuses. We also incurred costs of $5 million for professional fees associated with dispositions and other corporate matters, and we recorded a charge of $15 million to write down property and equipment, which was classified as held for sale in 2020, to its fair value less costs to sell.
II-11
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Net Gain on Sales
During 2021, we completed the sale of 51 West 52nd Street to Harbor Group International, LLC, for $760 million. This transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain during the fourth quarter of 2021 of $523 million.
Also in 2021, we completed the sale of CBS Studio Center to Hackman Capital Partners, LLC and Square Mile Capital Management, LLC for $1.85 billion. This transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain during the fourth quarter of 2021 of $1.70 billion.
In addition, during 2021 we recognized a pre-tax net gain of $117 million, principally relating to the sale of a noncore trademark licensing operation.
In 2020, we completed the sale of CMG to Red Ventures for $484 million. This transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of $214 million.
Interest Expense and Interest Income
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Interest expense $ (986) $ (1,031) $ (45) (4) %
Interest income $ 53 $ 60 $ (7) (12) %
The following table presents our outstanding debt balances, excluding finance leases, and the weighted average interest rate as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Weighted Average Weighted Average
At December 31, 2021 Interest Rate 2020 Interest Rate
Total long-term debt $ 17,658 4.93 % $ 19,612 4.80 %
Other bank borrowings $ 35 3.50 % $ 95 3.50 %
Net Gains from Investments
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Net gains from investments $ 47 $ 206 $ (159) (77) %
For 2021, net gains from investments primarily include a gain of $37 million on the sale of an investment and a gain of $9 million from an increase in the fair value of a marketable security that was sold during the third quarter of 2021. For 2020, net gains from investments primarily reflect an increase of $213 million in the fair value of our investment in fuboTV, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
For 2021 and 2020, we recorded losses on extinguishment of debt of $128 million and $126 million, respectively, associated with the early redemption of long-term debt of $1.99 billion for 2021 and $2.77 billion for 2020.
II-12
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Other Items, Net
The following table presents the components of Other items, net.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020
Pension and postretirement benefit costs $ (43) $ (69)
Foreign exchange losses (26) (35)
Pension settlement charge (a)
(10) -
Other 2 3
Other items, net $ (77) $ (101)
(a) Reflects the accelerated recognition of a portion of the unamortized actuarial losses due to the volume of lump sum benefit payments in one of our pension plans.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes represents federal, state and local, and foreign taxes on earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of investee companies. For 2021, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $646 million, reflecting an effective income tax rate of 12.4%. Included in the provision for income taxes was a discrete tax benefit of $517 million, which includes a benefit of $260 million to remeasure our U.K. net deferred income tax asset as a result of the enactment during the second quarter of an increase in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 19% to 25% beginning April 1, 2023, a benefit of $229 million from the recognition of a capital loss associated with a change in the tax entity classification of a foreign subsidiary, as well as a net tax benefit in connection with the settlement of income tax audits. The discrete tax benefit of $517 million, together with a net tax provision of $546 million on the items identified as affecting comparability in Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures, which principally include net gains on sales, reduced our effective income tax rate by 7.8 percentage points.
For 2020, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $535 million, reflecting an effective income tax rate of 17.0%. Included in the provision for income taxes was a discrete tax benefit of $110 million, primarily consisting of a benefit of $100 million to remeasure our U.K. net deferred income tax asset as a result of an increase in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 17% to 19% enacted during the third quarter of 2020, as well as a tax benefit of $13 million realized in connection with the preparation of the 2019 tax returns. These items, together with a net tax benefit of $129 million on the items identified as affecting comparability in Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures, including restructuring and other corporate matters, programming charges, loss on extinguishment of debt and net gains from investments, reduced our effective income tax rate by 4.1 percentage points.
Equity in Loss of Investee Companies, Net of Tax
The following table presents equity in loss of investee companies for our equity-method investments.
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Equity in loss of investee companies $ (140) $ (47) $ (93) (198) %
Tax benefit 49 19 30 158
Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax $ (91) $ (28) $ (63) (225) %
For 2021 and 2020, equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax includes impairment charges of $34 million and $9 million, respectively, relating to television joint ventures.
II-13
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Net Earnings Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests $ (88) $ (279)
For 2020, net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests primarily reflects our joint venture partners’ share of profit from the licensing of the domestic streaming rights to South Park to a streaming service.
Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS and Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to
ViacomCBS $ 4,381 $ 2,305 $ 2,076 90 %
Diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to
ViacomCBS $ 6.69 $ 3.73 $ 2.96 79 %
For 2021, net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and diluted EPS from continuing operations increased 90% and 79%, respectively, primarily driven by the above-mentioned gains on sales of $1.75 billion, net of tax, and higher discrete tax benefits in 2021. The diluted EPS comparison also includes the effect of higher weighted average shares outstanding as a result of stock issuances in the first quarter of 2021, which negatively impacted EPS for 2021 by $.26.
Net Earnings from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our publishing business, Simon & Schuster, to Penguin Random House LLC (“Penguin Random House”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA (see Legal Matters). Simon & Schuster is presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
The following tables set forth details of net earnings from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Simon & Schuster Other (a)
Total
Revenues $ 993 $ - $ 993
Costs and expenses:
Operating 618 (16) 602
Selling, general and administrative 158 - 158
Depreciation and amortization 3 - 3
Restructuring charges 1 - 1
Total costs and expenses 780 (16) 764
Operating income 213 16 229
Other items, net (10) - (10)
Earnings from discontinued operations 203 16 219
Income tax provision (46) (11) (57)
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax $ 157 $ 5 $ 162
II-14
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, 2020 Simon & Schuster Other (a)
Total
Revenues $ 901 $ - $ 901
Costs and expenses:
Operating 573 (19) 554
Selling, general and administrative 172 - 172
Depreciation and amortization 5 - 5
Restructuring charges 10 - 10
Total costs and expenses 760 (19) 741
Operating income 141 19 160
Other items, net (5) - (5)
Earnings from discontinued operations 136 19 155
Income tax provision (34) (4) (38)
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax $ 102 $ 15 $ 117
(a) Primarily relates to indemnification obligations for leases associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players Inc.
Segments
In 2021, we operated through the following three segments:
TV ENTERTAINMENT: TV Entertainment consisted of the CBS Television Network, our domestic broadcast network; CBS Studios and CBS Media Ventures, the segment’s television production and syndication operations; CBS Sports Network, CBS Sports’ 24-hour cable channel; CBS Stations, our owned broadcast television stations; and a number of streaming services, including our direct-to-consumer streaming service, Paramount+ (in the United States) and several CBS-branded streaming services, including CBS News Streaming and CBS Sports HQ. TV Entertainment’s revenues were generated primarily from advertising; affiliate revenues, comprised of reverse compensation and retransmission fees; streaming revenues, principally comprised of advertising and subscription revenues generated by the segment’s streaming services and from digital video advertisements on our websites and in our video content on third-party platforms; and the licensing and distribution of content.
CABLE NETWORKS: Cable Networks consisted of a portfolio of premium and basic cable networks, including Showtime, BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, and Smithsonian Channel; a number of direct-to-consumer streaming services, including Pluto TV, our free advertising-supported streaming television service, Showtime OTT, Noggin, and BET+; and ViacomCBS Networks International, which operates international extensions of Paramount+, Pluto TV and our Cable Networks brands and services, our international free-to-air networks (including Network 10, Channel 5 and Telefe) and ViacomCBS International Studios. Cable Networks’ revenues were generated primarily from affiliate revenues, comprised of fees from MVPDs and vMVPDs for carriage of our cable networks; advertising; streaming revenues, principally comprised of advertising and subscription revenues generated by the segment’s streaming services and from digital video advertisements on our websites and in our video content on third-party platforms; and the licensing of our content and other rights.
FILMED ENTERTAINMENT: Filmed Entertainment consisted of Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation, Paramount Television Studios, and Miramax. Filmed Entertainment’s revenues were generated primarily from the release or distribution of films theatrically; transactional home entertainment; the licensing of film and television product to streaming services, including Paramount+, broadcast and cable networks, and other digital services; and other ancillary activities.
II-15
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster, which was previously reported as the Publishing segment. Simon & Schuster is presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
Beginning in 2022, primarily as a result of our increased strategic focus on our direct-to-consumer businesses, we made certain changes to how we manage our businesses and allocate resources that resulted in a change to our operating segments. Accordingly, beginning in the first quarter of 2022, we will report results based on the following segments:
TV MEDIA: TV Media consists of our historical TV Entertainment and Cable Networks segments, except that it no longer includes their corresponding direct-to-consumer streaming services (now part of our Direct-to-Consumer segment) and Nickelodeon Studio (now part of our Filmed Entertainment segment), and now includes Paramount Television Studios (formerly part of our historical Filmed Entertainment segment).
DIRECT-TO-CONSUMER: Direct-to-Consumer consists of our portfolio of free, premium and pay streaming services, including Paramount+, Pluto TV, Showtime OTT, BET+ and Noggin.
FILMED ENTERTAINMENT: Filmed Entertainment consists of our historical Filmed Entertainment segment, except that it no longer includes Paramount Television Studios (now part of our TV Media segment), and now includes Nickelodeon Studio (formerly part of our historical Cable Networks segment).
We present operating income excluding depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, costs for restructuring and other corporate matters, programming charges and net gain on sales, each where applicable (“Adjusted OIBDA”), as the primary measure of profit and loss for our operating segments in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board guidance for segment reporting. We believe the presentation of Adjusted OIBDA is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to view segment performance in a manner similar to the primary method used by our management and enhances their ability to understand our operating performance. Stock-based compensation is excluded from our segment measure of profit and loss because it is set and approved by our Board of Directors in consultation with corporate executive management. Stock-based compensation is included as a component of our consolidated Adjusted OIBDA. The reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to our consolidated net earnings is presented in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
Segment Results of Operations - 2021 vs. 2020
% of Total % of Total Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Revenues 2020 Revenues $ %
Revenues:
TV Entertainment $ 12,931 45 % $ 10,700 42 % $ 2,231 21 %
Cable Networks 14,200 50 12,589 50 1,611 13
Filmed Entertainment 3,070 11 2,562 10 508 20
Eliminations (1,615) (6) (566) (2) (1,049) (185)
Total Revenues $ 28,586 100 % $ 25,285 100 % $ 3,301 13 %
II-16
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Adjusted OIBDA:
TV Entertainment $ 1,083 $ 1,857 $ (774) (42) %
Cable Networks 3,747 3,746 1 -
Filmed Entertainment 368 215 153 71
Corporate/Eliminations (582) (500) (82) (16)
Stock-based compensation (172) (186) 14 8
Total Adjusted OIBDA 4,444 5,132 (688) (13)
Depreciation and amortization (390) (430) 40 9
Restructuring and other corporate matters (100) (618) 518 84
Programming charges - (159) 159 n/m
Net gain on sales 2,343 214 2,129 n/m
Total Operating Income $ 6,297 $ 4,139 $ 2,158 52 %
n/m - not meaningful
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Depreciation and Amortization:
TV Entertainment $ 126 $ 162 $ (36) (22) %
Cable Networks 191 205 (14) (7)
Filmed Entertainment 38 36 2 6
Corporate 35 27 8 30
Total Depreciation and Amortization $ 390 $ 430 $ (40) (9) %
TV Entertainment
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Advertising (a)
$ 5,377 $ 4,639 $ 738 16 %
Affiliate (b)
2,803 2,614 189 7
Streaming 1,551 911 640 70
Licensing and other 3,200 2,536 664 26
Revenues $ 12,931 $ 10,700 $ 2,231 21 %
Adjusted OIBDA $ 1,083 $ 1,857 $ (774) (42) %
(a) Excludes streaming advertising revenues.
(b) Excludes streaming subscription revenues.
Revenues
For 2021, revenues increased 21%, reflecting growth across all revenue streams, led by increased advertising revenues, including from CBS’ broadcasts of tentpole sporting events for which there were no comparable broadcasts in 2020, higher licensing revenues and growth at Paramount+.
Advertising
The 16% increase in advertising revenues was driven by CBS’ broadcasts in 2021 of sporting events for which there were no comparable broadcasts in the prior year, including Super Bowl LV and NCAA Tournament games.
II-17
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
We have the rights to broadcast the Super Bowl and the national semi-finals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament on a rotational basis with other networks, including in 2021. Additionally, while we share the games in the preceding rounds of the NCAA Tournament with Turner each year, COVID-19 caused the cancellation of the NCAA Tournament in 2020. The increase also reflects an improved advertising market, driven by higher pricing and demand, compared with 2020, which was negatively impacted by COVID-19, and a higher level of original programming broadcast in 2021. These increases were partially offset by lower ratings for the CBS Television Network, lower political advertising and a 2-percentage point unfavorable impact from the absence of advertising revenues from CMG, which was sold during the fourth quarter of 2020.
In 2022, the advertising revenue comparison will be negatively impacted by the absence of the Super Bowl and semi-finals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament, which will be carried by other networks, reflecting the above-mentioned rotational nature of the rights to broadcast tentpole sporting events. However, comparability in 2022 will benefit from higher political advertising revenues, mainly in the second half of the year, driven by mid-term elections.
Affiliate
Affiliate revenues increased 7%, as a result of growth in reverse compensation and retransmission fee revenues.
Streaming
Streaming revenues increased 70%, primarily reflecting subscriber growth at Paramount+, as well as advertising growth from Paramount+ and other digital video platforms.
Licensing and Other
Licensing and other revenues increased 26%, driven by the timing of program availabilities, primarily from the impact of production shutdowns in 2020 due to COVID-19, and a higher volume of domestic licensing, including the benefit from current year licensing arrangements for NCIS, Bull and several library titles. The increase also reflects higher licensing to Cable Networks, driven by licensing to Pluto TV and to Paramount+ internationally. The increase was partially offset by the absence of ancillary revenues from CMG.
Adjusted OIBDA
Adjusted OIBDA decreased 42% primarily reflecting our increased investment in Paramount+, including higher content and marketing costs.
II-18
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Cable Networks
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Advertising (a)
$ 3,907 $ 3,721 $ 186 5 %
Affiliate (b)
5,591 5,409 182 3
Streaming 2,642 1,650 992 60
Licensing and other 2,060 1,809 251 14
Revenues $ 14,200 $ 12,589 $ 1,611 13 %
Adjusted OIBDA $ 3,747 $ 3,746 $ 1 - %
(a) Excludes streaming advertising revenues.
(b) Excludes streaming subscription revenues.
Revenues
For 2021, revenues increased 13%, reflecting growth across all revenue streams, led by higher streaming revenues.
Advertising
The 5% increase in advertising revenues was driven by higher international advertising, reflecting an improved advertising market, which benefited from the comparison against the impact in 2020 from COVID-19, the acquisition in 2021 of Chilevisión, and the impact of foreign exchange rate changes. Taken together, the acquisition and foreign exchange rate changes contributed 2-percentage points of the growth in total advertising revenue. Domestic advertising also benefited from an improved advertising market, reflecting higher pricing and demand, but declined compared with the prior year as a result of lower linear impressions for our cable networks.
Affiliate
The 3% growth in affiliate revenues was primarily driven by the benefit from the launch of our basic cable networks in June 2020 and April 2021 on two vMVPDs, increases in rates, and revenues from pay-per-view boxing events, partially offset by the impact from subscriber declines.
Streaming
The 60% increase in streaming revenues was driven by advertising revenue growth from our free streaming service, Pluto TV, and other digital video platforms, as well as growth in subscribers for our subscription streaming services. Subscriber growth was driven by Showtime OTT, BET+ and our international streaming services, including the benefit from the launch of Paramount+ in several international markets.
Licensing and Other
The 14% increase in licensing and other revenues was driven by higher revenues from the licensing of programming to streaming services, primarily Paramount+, and for consumer products, partially offset by the domestic licensing of South Park in the prior year.
II-19
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Adjusted OIBDA
Adjusted OIBDA remained substantially flat as growth from advertising, affiliate, and streaming revenues was offset by higher content and marketing costs and lower profits from content licensing, reflecting the mix of titles licensed in each year.
Filmed Entertainment
Increase/(Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ %
Theatrical $ 241 $ 180 $ 61 34 %
Licensing and other 2,829 2,382 447 19
Revenues $ 3,070 $ 2,562 $ 508 20 %
Adjusted OIBDA $ 368 $ 215 $ 153 71 %
Revenues
For 2021, revenues increased 20% reflecting growth in licensing revenues and theatrical revenues.
Theatrical
The 34% increase in theatrical revenues reflects the benefit from current year releases including A Quiet Place Part II and PAW Patrol: The Movie while the prior year was impacted by the closure or reduced capacity of movie theaters in response to COVID-19, following the release of Sonic the Hedgehog in the first quarter of 2020, and throughout the remainder of the year.
Licensing and Other
The 19% increase in licensing and other revenues was driven by the licensing of current year releases, including Coming 2 America, Tom Clancy’s Without Remorse and Halloween Kills to third parties, and Infinite, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run and Rumble to Paramount+, while licensing in the prior year was impacted by the above-mentioned impact from COVID-19.
Adjusted OIBDA
Adjusted OIBDA increased 71%, primarily the result of higher profits associated with the licensing of films.
Fluctuations in results for the Filmed Entertainment segment may occur as a result of the timing of the recognition of distribution costs, including print and advertising, which are generally incurred before and throughout the theatrical release of a film, while the revenues for the respective film are recognized as earned through the film’s theatrical exhibition and distribution to other platforms.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and Uses of Cash
We project anticipated cash requirements for our operating, investing and financing needs as well as cash flows expected to be generated and available to meet these needs. Our operating needs include, among other items, expenditures for content for our broadcast and cable networks and streaming services, including television and film programming, sports rights, and talent contracts, as well as advertising and marketing costs to promote our content and platforms; payments for leases, interest, and income taxes, and pension funding obligations. Our
II-20
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
investing and financing spending includes capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions, share repurchases, dividends and principal payments on our outstanding indebtedness. We believe that our operating cash flows, cash and cash equivalents, borrowing capacity under our $3.50 billion Credit Facility described below, as well as access to capital markets are sufficient to fund our operating, investing and financing requirements for the next twelve months.
Our funding for short-term and long-term obligations, including our long-term debt obligations (see Note 10), as well as our long term operating commitments, including for programming and talent (see Note 20) and lease obligations (see Note 11), will come primarily from cash flows from operating activities, proceeds from non-core asset sales, including the planned sale of Simon & Schuster described below, as well as our ability to refinance our debt. We also increased our liquidity position with the proceeds from our first quarter 2021 stock offerings described below, and the fourth quarter sales of 51 West 52nd Street for $760 million, and CBS Studio Center for $1.85 billion. Any additional cash funding requirements are financed with short-term borrowings, including commercial paper, and long-term debt. To the extent that commercial paper is not available to us, the Credit Facility provides sufficient capacity to satisfy short-term borrowing needs. We routinely assess our capital structure and opportunistically enter into transactions to lower our interest expense, which could result in a charge from the early extinguishment of debt.
During 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster for $2.175 billion in cash, and expect to use proceeds from the sale to invest in our strategic growth priorities, including in streaming, as well as to fund dividends and pay down debt. On November 2, 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit to block the sale. The purchase agreement contains commitments on the part of the purchaser to take all necessary steps to obtain any required regulatory approvals and to defend any litigation that would delay or prevent consummation, and also provides for a termination fee payable to us in certain circumstances in the event the transaction does not close for regulatory reasons (see Legal Matters).
On March 26, 2021, we completed offerings of 20 million shares of our Class B Common Stock at a price to the public of $85 per share and 10 million shares of 5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock at a price to the public and liquidation preference of $100 per share. The net proceeds from the Class B Common Stock offering and the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock offering were approximately $1.67 billion and $983 million, respectively, in each case after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses. We have used and intend to continue to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including investments in streaming.
If declared, dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock are payable quarterly through April 1, 2024. Dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock accumulate from the most recent dividend payment date, and will be payable on a cumulative basis when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors, or an authorized committee thereof, at an annual rate of 5.75% of the liquidation preference of $100 per share, payable in cash or, subject to certain limitations, by delivery of shares of Class B Common Stock or through any combination of cash and shares of Class B Common Stock, at our election.
Our access to capital markets can be impacted by factors outside our control, including economic conditions; however, we believe that our strong cash flows and balance sheet, our credit facility and our credit rating will provide us with adequate access to funding for our expected cash needs. The cost of any new borrowings are affected by market conditions and short and long-term debt ratings assigned by independent rating agencies, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to access capital markets on terms and conditions that will be favorable to us.
II-21
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
At December 31, 2021, we had $2.36 billion of remaining availability under our share repurchase program. Any share repurchases under the program are expected to be funded by cash flows from operations and, as appropriate, with short-term borrowings, including commercial paper, and/or the issuance of long-term debt.
Cash Flows
The changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were as follows:
Increase/ (Decrease)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2021 vs. 2020
Net cash flow provided by operating activities from:
Continuing operations $ 835 $ 2,215 $ (1,380)
Discontinued operations 118 79 39
Net cash flow provided by operating activities 953 2,294 (1,341)
Net cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities from:
Continuing operations 2,402 63 2,339
Discontinued operations (7) (7) -
Net cash flow provided by investing activities 2,395 56 2,339
Net cash flow used for financing activities (152) (90) (62)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (48) 25 (73)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 3,148 $ 2,285 $ 863
Operating Activities. The decrease in cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations was mainly driven by increased investment in our streaming services, including spending for content, advertising and marketing, and a higher level of production in 2021 as a result of production shutdowns in 2020 due to COVID-19. The decrease was partially offset by higher collections and lower payments for restructuring, merger-related costs and costs to achieve synergies, as well as lower payments for income taxes. Payments for restructuring, merger-related costs and costs to achieve synergies included in cash flow provided by operating activities were $294 million and $584 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Cash paid for income taxes from continuing operations decreased to $291 million for 2021 from $411 million for 2020 primarily due to a higher volume of production incentives received, lower adjusted earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and a higher deduction associated with the exercise and vesting of stock-based compensation, partially offset by higher tax payments associated with gains from dispositions, primarily from the sale of CBS Studio Center in 2021.
Cash flow provided by operating activities from discontinued operations reflects the operating activities of Simon & Schuster.
II-22
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Investing Activities
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020
Investments (a)
$ (193) $ (59)
Capital expenditures (b)
(354) (324)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (c)
(54) (147)
Proceeds from dispositions (d)
3,028 593
Other investing activities (25) -
Net cash flow provided by investing activities from continuing operations 2,402 63
Net cash flow used for investing activities from discontinued operations (7) (7)
Net cash flow provided by investing activities $ 2,395 $ 56
(a) Primarily includes our investment in The CW.
(b) Includes payments for costs to achieve synergies of $68 million and $40 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(c) 2021 reflects the acquisitions of Chilevisión, a free-to-air television channel, and a controlling interest in Fox TeleColombia & Estudios TeleMexico, a Spanish language content producer. 2020 primarily reflects the acquisition of Miramax, a global film and television studio.
(d) 2021 primarily reflects proceeds received from the sales of CBS Studio Center and 51 West 52nd Street. 2021 also includes proceeds received from the sale of our investment in fuboTV during the fourth quarter of 2020, and proceeds received from the sales of a noncore trademark licensing operation and other investments. 2020 reflects the sales of CMG and marketable securities.
Financing Activities
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020
Repayments of short-term debt borrowings, net $ - $ (706)
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes - 4,375
Repayment of long-term debt (2,230) (2,901)
Dividends paid on preferred stock (30) -
Dividends paid on common stock (617) (600)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 983 -
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 1,672 -
Purchase of Company common stock - (58)
Payment of payroll taxes in lieu of issuing shares for stock-based compensation (110) (93)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 408 5
Payments to noncontrolling interests (235) (59)
Other financing activities 7 (53)
Net cash flow used for financing activities $ (152) $ (90)
Dividends
We declared a quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B Common Stock during each of the quarters of 2021 and 2020. During each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we declared total per share dividends of $.96, resulting in total annual dividends of $625 million and $601 million, respectively. On December 19, 2019, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, resulting in total dividends of $150 million. Prior to the Merger, Viacom and CBS each declared a quarterly cash dividend during each of the first three quarters of 2019. During the first three quarters of 2019, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.54, resulting in total dividends of $205 million. During the first three quarters of 2019, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.60, resulting in total dividends of $245 million.
II-23
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
During each of the third and fourth quarters of 2021, we declared quarterly cash dividends of $1.4375 per share on our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock. During the second quarter of 2021, we declared a cash dividend of $1.5493 per share on our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, representing a dividend period from March 26, 2021 through July 1, 2021. Accordingly, we recorded dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock of $44.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.
On February 10, 2022, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, payable on April 1, 2022. At the same time, we also declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.4375 per share on our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, payable on April 1, 2022.
Capital Structure
The following table sets forth our debt.
At December 31, 2021 2020
Senior debt (2.250%-7.875% due 2022-2050) $ 16,501 $ 18,455
Junior debt (5.875% and 6.250% due 2057) 1,157 1,157
Other bank borrowings 35 95
Obligations under finance leases 16 26
Total debt (a)
17,709 19,733
Less current portion of long-term debt 11 16
Total long-term debt, net of current portion $ 17,698 $ 19,717
(a) At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the senior and junior subordinated debt balances included (i) a net unamortized discount of $466 million and $491 million, respectively, and (ii) unamortized deferred financing costs of $95 million and $107 million, respectively. The face value of our total debt was $18.27 billion at December 31, 2021 and $20.33 billion at December 31, 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we redeemed senior notes totaling $1.99 billion, prior to maturity, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.11 billion resulting in a pre-tax loss on extinguishment of debt of $128 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued $4.50 billion of senior notes and used the net proceeds from these issuances for the redemption of long-term debt totaling $2.77 billion, prior to maturity, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.88 billion, as well as for general corporate purposes. The early redemption resulted in a pre-tax loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $126 million.
Our 5.875% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 and 6.25% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 accrue interest at the stated fixed rates until February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2027, respectively, on which dates the rates will switch to floating rates based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.895% and 3.899%, respectively, reset quarterly. These debentures can be called by us at any time after the expiration of the fixed-rate period. In January 2022, we delivered notice that we will be calling our 5.875% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 in full on February 28, 2022.
The subordination, interest deferral option and extended term of the junior subordinated debentures provide significant credit protection measures for senior creditors and, as a result of these features, the debentures received a 50% equity credit by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Fitch Ratings Inc., and a 25% equity credit by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
II-24
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The interest rate payable on our 3.45% senior notes due October 2026, will be subject to adjustment from time to time if Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. or S&P Global Ratings downgrades (or downgrades and subsequently upgrades) the credit rating assigned to these senior notes. The interest rate on these senior notes would increase by 0.25% upon each credit agency downgrade up to a maximum of 2.00%, and would similarly be decreased for subsequent upgrades. At December 31, 2021, the outstanding principal amount of these senior notes was $124 million.
Some of our outstanding notes and debentures provide for certain covenant packages typical for an investment grade company. There is an acceleration trigger for the majority of the notes and debentures in the event of a change in control under specified circumstances coupled with ratings downgrades due to the change in control, as well as certain optional redemption provisions for our junior debentures.
Commercial Paper
At both December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had no outstanding commercial paper borrowings.
Credit Facility
At December 31, 2021, we had a $3.50 billion revolving credit facility with a maturity in January 2025 (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility is used for general corporate purposes and to support commercial paper borrowings, if any. We may, at our option, also borrow in certain foreign currencies up to specified limits under the Credit Facility. Borrowing rates under the Credit Facility are determined at the time of each borrowing and are generally based on either the prime rate in the U.S. or an applicable benchmark rate plus a margin (based on our senior unsecured debt rating), depending on the type and tenor of the loans entered. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Credit Facility was amended to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for loans denominated in euros, sterling and yen with EURIBOR, SONIA and TIBOR-based rates, respectively, as publication of all non-USD LIBOR tenors has been discontinued after December 31, 2021. The Credit Facility has one principal financial covenant that requires our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio to be less than 4.5x (which we may elect to increase to 5.0x for up to four consecutive quarters following a qualified acquisition) at the end of each quarter. The Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio reflects the ratio of our Consolidated Indebtedness at the end of a quarter, to our Consolidated EBITDA (each as defined in the amended credit agreement) for the trailing twelve-month period. We met the covenant as of December 31, 2021. On February 14, 2022, we further amended our Credit Facility to modify the definition of the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio in the amended credit agreement to allow unrestricted cash and cash equivalents to be netted against Consolidated Indebtedness through June 2024.
At December 31, 2021, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility and the remaining availability under the Credit Facility, net of outstanding letters of credit, was $3.50 billion.
Other Bank Borrowings
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had bank borrowings under Miramax’s $300 million credit facility, which matures in April 2023, of $35 million and $95 million, respectively, with a weighted average interest rate of 3.50%.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates,
II-25
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
which are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions.
We consider the following accounting policies to be the most critical as they are important to our financial condition and results of operations, and require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application. The risks and uncertainties involved in applying our critical accounting policies are provided below. Unless otherwise noted, we applied our critical accounting policies and estimation methods consistently in all material respects and for all periods presented, and have discussed such policies with our Audit Committee. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, see the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of a good or service is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Significant judgments used in the determination of the amount and timing of revenue recognition include the identification of distinct performance obligations in contracts containing bundled advertising sales and content licenses, and the allocation of consideration among individual performance obligations within these arrangements based on their relative standalone selling prices.
Advertising Revenues-Advertising revenues are recognized when the advertising spots are aired on television or streamed or displayed on digital platforms. If a contract includes a guarantee to deliver a targeted audience rating or number of impressions, the delivery of the advertising spots that achieve the guarantee represents the performance obligation to be satisfied over time and revenues are recognized based on the proportion of the audience rating or impressions delivered to the total guaranteed in the contract. To the extent the amounts billed exceed the amount of revenue recognized, such excess is deferred until the guaranteed audience ratings or impressions are delivered. For contracts that do not include impressions guarantees, the individual advertising spots are the performance obligation and consideration is allocated among the individual advertising spots based on relative standalone selling price.
Affiliate Revenues-The performance obligation for our affiliate agreements is a license to our programming provided through the continuous delivery of live linear feeds and, for agreements with MVPDs and vMVPDs, also includes a license to programming for video on demand viewing. Affiliate revenues are recognized over the term of the agreement as we satisfy our performance obligation by continuously providing our customer with the right to use our programming. For agreements that provide for a variable fee, revenues are determined each month based on an agreed upon contractual rate applied to the number of subscribers to our customer’s service. For agreements that provide for a fixed fee, revenues are recognized based on the relative fair value of the content provided over the term of the agreement. These agreements primarily include agreements with television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“network affiliates”) for which fair value is determined based on the fair value of the network affiliate’s service and the value of our programming.
II-26
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Content Licensing Revenues-For licenses of exhibition rights for internally-produced programming, each individual episode or film delivered represents a separate performance obligation and revenues are recognized when the episode or film is made available to the licensee for exhibition and the license period has begun. For license agreements that include delivery of content on one or more dates for a fixed fee, consideration is allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each episode or film, which is based on licenses for comparable content within the marketplace. Estimation of standalone selling prices requires judgment, which can impact the timing of recognizing revenues.
Film and Television Production and Programming Costs
Costs incurred to produce television programs and feature films are capitalized when incurred and amortized over the projected life of each television program or feature film. The costs incurred to acquire television series and feature film programming rights, including advances, are capitalized when the license period has begun and the program is accepted and available for airing. The costs of programming rights licensed under multi-year sports programming agreements are capitalized if the rights payments are made before the related economic benefit has been received. Acquired programming rights, including rights for sports programming, are expensed over the shorter of the license period or the period in which an economic benefit is expected to be derived.
For internally-produced television programs and feature films that are predominantly monetized on an individual basis, we use an individual-film-forecast computation method to amortize capitalized production costs and to accrue estimated liabilities for participations and residuals over the applicable title’s life cycle based upon the ratio of current period revenues to estimated remaining total gross revenues to be earned (“Ultimate Revenues”) for each title. Management’s judgment is required in estimating Ultimate Revenues and the costs to be incurred throughout the life of each television program or feature film. These estimates are used to determine the timing of amortization of capitalized production costs and expensing of participation and residual costs.
For television programming, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues to be earned within 10 years from the delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, five years from the delivery of the most recent episode, if later. These estimates are based on the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs.
For feature films, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues from all sources that are estimated to be earned within 10 years from the date of a film’s initial release. Prior to the release of feature films, we estimate Ultimate Revenues based on the historical performance of similar content and pre-release market research (including test market screenings), as well as factors relating to the specific film, including the expected number of theaters and markets in which the original content will be released, the genre of the original content and the past box office performance of the lead actors and actresses. For films intended for theatrical release, we believe the performance during the theatrical exhibition is the most sensitive factor affecting our estimate of Ultimate Revenues as subsequent markets have historically exhibited a high correlation to theatrical performance. Upon a film’s initial release, we update our estimate of Ultimate Revenues based on actual and expected future performance. Our estimates of revenues from succeeding windows and markets are revised based on historical relationships to theatrical performance and an analysis of current market trends. We also review and revise estimates of Ultimate Revenue and participation costs as of each reporting date to reflect the most current available information.
For acquired film libraries, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues is for a period within 20 years from the date of acquisition.
II-27
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
For programming that is predominantly monetized as part of a film group, which includes our acquired programming rights and certain internally-produced television programs, capitalized costs are amortized based on an estimate of the timing of our usage of and benefit from such programming. Such estimates require management’s judgement and include consideration of factors such as expected revenues to be derived from the programming, the expected number of future airings, and, for acquired programming, the length of the license period. If initial airings are expected to generate higher revenues, an accelerated method of amortization is used. These estimates are periodically reviewed and updated based on information available throughout the contractual term or life of each program.
For content that is predominantly monetized on an individual basis, a television program or feature film is tested for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that its fair value may be less than its unamortized cost. If the result of the impairment test indicates that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge will then be recorded for the amount of the difference. Content that is predominantly monetized within a film group is assessed for impairment at the film group level and would similarly be tested for impairment if circumstances indicate that the fair value of the content within the film group is less than its amortized costs. In addition, unamortized costs for internally-produced or acquired programming that have been substantively abandoned are written off.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Impairment Test
We perform fair value-based impairment tests of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, comprised primarily of television FCC licenses, on an annual basis and also between annual tests if an event occurs or if circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
FCC Licenses-FCC licenses are tested for impairment at the geographic market level. We consider each geographic market, which is comprised of all of our television stations within that geographic market, to be a single unit of accounting because the FCC licenses at this level represent their highest and best use. At December 31, 2021, we had 14 television markets with FCC license book values.
For our annual impairment test, we perform qualitative assessments for each television market that we estimate has an aggregate fair value of FCC licenses that significantly exceed their respective carrying values. Additionally, we consider the duration of time since a quantitative test was performed. For the 2021 annual impairment test, we performed qualitative assessments for 11 of our television markets. For each market, we weighed the relative impact of market-specific and macroeconomic factors. The market-specific factors considered include recent projections by geographic market from both independent and internal sources for revenue and operating costs, as well as average market share. We also considered the macroeconomic impact on discount rates and growth rates. Based on the qualitative assessments, considering the aggregation of the relevant factors, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of the FCC licenses in each of these television markets are less than their respective carrying values. Therefore, performing a quantitative impairment test on these markets was unnecessary.
We performed a quantitative impairment test for the FCC licenses in the remaining three markets. The impairment tests indicated that the estimated fair values of FCC licenses in two of the markets exceeded their respective carrying values by more than 20% and the fair value of the FCC license in one of the markets exceeded its carrying value of $157 million by 9%.
The quantitative impairment test of FCC licenses calculates an estimated fair value using the Greenfield Discounted Cash Flow Method, which values a hypothetical start-up station in the relevant market by adding
II-28
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
discounted cash flows over a five-year build-up period to a residual value. The assumptions for the build-up period include industry projections of overall market revenues; the start-up station’s operating costs and capital expenditures, which are based on both industry and internal data; and average market share. The discount rate is determined based on the industry and market-based risk of achieving the projected cash flows, and the residual value is calculated using a long-term growth rate, which is based on projected long-range inflation and industry projections.
The estimated fair values of FCC licenses are highly dependent on the assumptions of future economic conditions in the individual geographic markets in which we own and operate television stations. Certain future events and circumstances, including deterioration of market conditions, higher cost of capital, or a decline in the local television advertising marketplace could result in a downward revision to our current assumptions and judgments. Various factors may contribute to a future decline in an advertising marketplace including declines in economic conditions; an other-than-temporary decrease in spending by advertisers in certain industries that have historically represented a significant portion of television advertising revenues in that market; a shift by advertisers to competing advertising platforms; changes in consumer behavior; and/or a change in population size. A downward revision to the present value of future cash flows could result in impairment and a noncash charge would be required. Such a charge could have a material effect on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Goodwill-Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment, or one level below. At December 31, 2021, we had four reporting units. For the 2021 annual impairment test, we tested two reporting units as of August 31 and two reporting units as of October 31. During the fourth quarter of 2021, to better align the timing of our annual impairment date with our budgeting cycle, we changed the date for the annual impairment test to October 31 for all reporting units. As a result, those two reporting units previously tested as of August 31 were also tested as of October 31 based on a qualitative assessment resulting in no changes to the conclusion below.
For our annual impairment test, we perform qualitative assessments for each reporting unit that we estimate has an aggregate fair value that significantly exceed its respective carrying values. Additionally, we consider the duration of time since a quantitative test was performed. For the 2021 annual impairment test, we performed qualitative assessments for two of our reporting units. For each of these two reporting units, we weighed the relative impact of factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. The reporting unit specific factors that were considered included actual and expected financial performance and changes to the reporting units’ carrying amounts since the most recent impairment tests. For each industry in which the reporting units operate, we considered growth projections from independent sources and significant developments or transactions within the industry. We also determined that the impact of macroeconomic factors on the discount rates and growth rates used for the most recent impairment tests would not significantly affect the fair value of the reporting units and that the lower tax rate from a tax law change enacted since the most recent quantitative tests would positively impact the fair value of the reporting units. Based on the qualitative assessments, considering the aggregation of the relevant factors, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of each of these two reporting units is higher than their respective carrying amounts and therefore performing quantitative impairment tests was unnecessary.
For the 2021 annual impairment test, we elected to perform quantitative impairment tests for two reporting units: CBS Television and CBS Interactive, because of the amount of time that has elapsed since the previous quantitative tests. The quantitative goodwill impairment test evaluates whether the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. For CBS Television, we estimated the fair value of the reporting unit based on the present value of future cash flows (“Discounted Cash Flow Method”) and the traded or transaction values
II-29
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
of comparable businesses (“Guideline Public Company Method”). The Discounted Cash Flow Method requires us to make various assumptions regarding the timing and amount of future cash flows, including growth rates, operating margins and capital expenditures for a projection period, plus the terminal value of the business at the end of the projection period. The assumptions about future cash flows are based on our internal forecasts of the reporting unit, which incorporates our long-term business plans and historical trends. The terminal value is estimated based on a perpetual nominal growth rate, which is based on historical and projected inflation and economic indicators, as well as industry growth projections. A discount rate is determined for the reporting unit based on the risks of achieving the future cash flows, including risks applicable to the industry and market as a whole, as well as the capital structure of comparable entities. For 2021, we utilized a discount rate of 10% and a terminal growth rate of 1.5%. The Guideline Public Company Method incorporates revenue and earnings multiples from publicly traded companies with operations and other characteristics similar to each reporting unit. The selected multiples consider each reporting unit’s relative growth, profitability, size, and risk relative to the selected publicly traded companies. For CBS Interactive, we estimated the fair value of the reporting unit based on the Guideline Public Company Method. Based on the results of the 2021 quantitative impairment tests, we concluded that the estimated fair value of each of the two reporting units significantly exceeded their respective carrying values and therefore no impairment charge was required.
Certain future events and circumstances, including deterioration of market conditions, higher cost of capital, a decline in the advertising market, a shift by advertisers to competing advertising platforms, changes in consumer behavior and/or a decrease in audience acceptance of our content could result in changes to our assumptions and judgments used in the goodwill impairment tests. A downward revision of these assumptions could cause the fair values of the reporting units to fall below their respective carrying values and a noncash impairment charge would be required. Such a charge could have a material effect on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Legal Matters
Estimates of liabilities related to legal issues and discontinued businesses, including asbestos and environmental matters, require significant judgments by management. We record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We continually evaluate these estimates based on changes in the relevant facts and circumstances and events that may impact estimates. While we believe that our accrual for matters related to our predecessor operations, including environmental and asbestos, are adequate, there can be no assurance that circumstances will not change in future periods. It is difficult to predict future asbestos liabilities as events and circumstances may impact the estimate of our liabilities. Our liability estimate is based upon many factors, including the number of outstanding claims, estimated average cost per claim, the breakdown of claims by disease type, historic claim filings, costs per claim of resolution and the filing of new claims, as well as consultation with a third party firm on trends that may impact our future asbestos liability.
Pensions
Pension benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs are calculated using many actuarial assumptions. Two key assumptions used in accounting for pension liabilities and expenses are the discount rate and expected rate of return on plan assets. The discount rate is determined based on the yield on a portfolio of high quality bonds, constructed to provide cash flows necessary to meet our pension plans’ expected future benefit payments, as determined for the accumulated benefit obligation. The expected return on plan assets assumption is derived using the current and expected asset allocation of the pension plan assets and considering historical as well as expected returns on various classes of plan assets. As of December 31, 2021, changes in actuarial assumptions resulted in a slight decrease to accumulated other comprehensive loss compared with the prior year-end due to an increase in
II-30
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
the discount rate, which was mostly offset by the unfavorable performance of pension plan assets. A 25 basis point change in the discount rate would result in an estimated change to the accumulated benefit obligation of approximately $136 million and would have an insignificant impact on 2022 pension expense. A decrease in the expected rate of return on plan assets would increase pension expense. The estimated impact of a 25 basis point change in the expected rate of return on plan assets is a change of approximately $8 million to 2022 pension expense.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in both the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes and evaluating our income tax positions. When recording an interim worldwide provision for income taxes, an estimated effective tax rate for the year is applied to interim operating results. In the event there is a significant or unusual item recognized in the quarterly operating results, the tax attributable to that item is separately calculated and recorded in the same quarter. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be reversed. We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.
A number of years may elapse before a tax return containing tax matters for which a reserve has been established is audited and finally resolved. For positions taken in a previously filed tax return or expected to be taken in a future tax return, we evaluate each position to determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is subject to a measurement assessment to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and the appropriate reserve to establish, if any. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold a tax reserve is established and no benefit is recognized. We evaluate our uncertain tax positions quarterly based on many factors, including, changes in tax laws and interpretations, information received from tax authorities, and other changes in facts and circumstances. Our income tax returns are routinely audited by U.S. federal and state as well as foreign tax authorities. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular tax matter, we believe that the reserve for uncertain tax positions of $301 million at December 31, 2021 is properly recorded.
Legal Matters
General
On an ongoing basis, we vigorously defend ourselves in numerous lawsuits and proceedings and respond to various investigations and inquiries from federal, state, local and international authorities (collectively, “litigation’’). Litigation may be brought against us without merit, is inherently uncertain and always difficult to predict. However, based on our understanding and evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances, we believe that the following matters are not likely, in the aggregate, to result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Litigation Relating to the Merger
Beginning on February 20, 2020, three purported CBS stockholders filed separate derivative and/or putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On March 31, 2020, the Court consolidated the three lawsuits and appointed Bucks County Employees’ Retirement Fund and International Union of Operating
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Engineers of Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware as co-lead plaintiffs for the consolidated action. On April 14, 2020, the lead plaintiffs filed a Verified Consolidated Class Action and Derivative Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against Shari E. Redstone, NAI, Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Trust, members of the CBS Board of Directors (comprised of Candace K. Beinecke, Barbara M. Byrne, Gary L. Countryman, Brian Goldner, Linda M. Griego, Robert N. Klieger, Martha L. Minow, Susan Schuman, Frederick O. Terrell and Strauss Zelnick), former CBS President and Acting Chief Executive Officer Joseph Ianniello and the Company as nominal defendant. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to CBS stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 13, 2019, as amended on October 16, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Complaint also alleges waste and unjust enrichment in connection with Mr. Ianniello’s compensation. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On June 5, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On January 27, 2021, the Court dismissed one disclosure claim, while allowing all other claims against the defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims is proceeding. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously.
Beginning on November 25, 2019, four purported Viacom stockholders filed separate putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On January 23, 2020, the Court consolidated the four lawsuits. On February 6, 2020, the Court appointed California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”) as lead plaintiff for the consolidated action. On February 28, 2020, CalPERS, together with Park Employees’ and Retirement Board Employees’ Annuity and Benefit Fund of Chicago and Louis M. Wilen, filed a First Amended Verified Class Action Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against NAI, NAI Entertainment Holdings LLC, Shari E. Redstone, the members of the special transaction committee of the Viacom Board of Directors (comprised of Thomas J. May, Judith A. McHale, Ronald L. Nelson and Nicole Seligman) and our President and Chief Executive Officer and director, Robert M. Bakish. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to Viacom stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Merger Agreement. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On May 22, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On December 29, 2020, the Court dismissed the claims against Mr. Bakish, while allowing the claims against the remaining defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims is proceeding. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously.
Investigation-Related Matters
As announced on August 1, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors retained two law firms to conduct a full investigation of the allegations in press reports about CBS’ former Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, Leslie Moonves, CBS News and cultural issues at CBS. On December 17, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors announced the completion of its investigation, certain findings of the investigation and the CBS Board of Directors’ determination, with respect to the termination of Mr. Moonves’ employment. We have received subpoenas or requests for information from the New York County District Attorney’s Office, the New York City Commission on Human Rights, the New York State Attorney General’s Office and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission regarding the subject matter of this investigation and related matters, including with respect to CBS’ related public disclosures. We may continue to receive additional related regulatory and investigative inquiries from these and other entities in the future. We are cooperating with these inquiries.
On August 27, 2018 and on October 1, 2018, Gene Samit and John Lantz, respectively, filed putative class action lawsuits in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated, for claims that are similar to those alleged in the amended complaint described below. On November 6, 2018, the Court entered an order consolidating the two actions. On November 30, 2018, the
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Court appointed Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California as the lead plaintiff of the consolidated action. On February 11, 2019, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended putative class action complaint against CBS, certain current and former senior executives and members of the CBS Board of Directors. The consolidated action is stated to be on behalf of purchasers of CBS Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock between September 26, 2016 and December 4, 2018. This action seeks to recover damages arising during this time period allegedly caused by the defendants’ purported violations of the federal securities laws, including by allegedly making materially false and misleading statements or failing to disclose material information, and seeks costs and expenses as well as remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. On April 12, 2019, the defendants filed motions to dismiss this action, which the Court granted in part and denied in part on January 15, 2020. With the exception of one statement made by Mr. Moonves at an industry event in November 2017, in which he allegedly was acting as the agent of CBS, all claims as to all other allegedly false and misleading statements were dismissed. We have reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle the lawsuit. The settlement, which will include no admission of liability or wrongdoing by the Company, will be subject to court approval. All amounts payable by the Company under the settlement will be paid by the Company’s insurers.
Litigation Related to Television Station Owners
On September 9, 2019, the Company was added as a defendant in a multi-district putative class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The lawsuit was filed by parties that claim to have purchased broadcast television spot advertising beginning on or about January 1, 2014 on television stations owned by one or more of the defendant television station owners and alleges the sharing of allegedly competitively sensitive information among such television stations in alleged violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The action, which names the Company among fourteen total defendants, seeks monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest as well as injunctions against the allegedly unlawful conduct. On October 8, 2019, the Company and other defendants filed a motion to dismiss the matter, which was denied by the court on November 6, 2020. We have reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle the lawsuit. The settlement, which will include no admission of liability or wrongdoing by the Company, will be subject to court approval.
Litigation Related to Stock Offerings
On August 13, 2021, Camelot Event Driven Fund filed a putative securities class action lawsuit in New York Supreme Court, County of New York, and on November 5, 2021, an amended complaint was filed that, among other changes, added an additional named plaintiff (the “Complaint”). The Complaint is purportedly on behalf of investors who purchased shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock and 5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to public securities offerings completed in March 2021, and was filed against the Company, certain senior executives, members of our Board of Directors, and the underwriters involved in the offerings. The Complaint asserts violations of federal securities law and alleges that the offering documents contained material misstatements and omissions, including through an alleged failure to adequately disclose certain total return swap transactions involving Archegos Capital Management referenced to our securities and related alleged risks to the Company’s stock price. On December 22, 2021, the plaintiffs filed a stipulation seeking the voluntary dismissal without prejudice of the outside director defendants from the lawsuit, which the Court subsequently ordered. On the same date, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the lawsuit, which are pending. The Complaint seeks unspecified compensatory damages, as well as other relief. We believe that the claims are without merit and intend to defend against them vigorously.
Litigation Related to the Proposed Sale of Simon & Schuster
On November 2, 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to block our sale of the Simon & Schuster business to Penguin Random House (the
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
“Transaction”) pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”), dated November 24, 2020, between the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, Penguin Random House and Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA. The DOJ asserts that the sale of Simon & Schuster would reduce competition for the acquisition of titles. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and covenants, including commitments on the part of Penguin Random House to take all necessary steps to obtain any required regulatory approvals and to defend any litigation that would delay or prevent consummation, and also provides for a termination fee payable to the Company in certain circumstances in the event the Transaction does not close for regulatory reasons. We and the other defendants believe the DOJ’s claims are without merit, and we intend to defend against them vigorously.
Claims Related to Former Businesses: Asbestos
We are a defendant in lawsuits claiming various personal injuries related to asbestos and other materials, which allegedly occurred as a result of exposure caused by various products manufactured by Westinghouse, a predecessor, generally prior to the early 1970s. Westinghouse was neither a producer nor a manufacturer of asbestos. We are typically named as one of a large number of defendants in both state and federal cases. In the majority of asbestos lawsuits, the plaintiffs have not identified which of our products is the basis of a claim. Claims against us in which a product has been identified most commonly relate to allegations of exposure to asbestos-containing insulating material used in conjunction with turbines and electrical equipment.
Claims are frequently filed and/or settled in groups, which may make the amount and timing of settlements, and the number of pending claims, subject to significant fluctuation from period to period. We do not report as pending those claims on inactive, stayed, deferred or similar dockets that some jurisdictions have established for claimants who allege minimal or no impairment. As of December 31, 2021, we had pending approximately 27,770 asbestos claims, as compared with approximately 30,710 as of December 31, 2020 and 30,950 as of December 31, 2019. During 2021, we received approximately 3,050 new claims and closed or moved to an inactive docket approximately 5,990 claims. We report claims as closed when we become aware that a dismissal order has been entered by a court or when we have reached agreement with the claimants on the material terms of a settlement. Settlement costs depend on the seriousness of the injuries that form the basis of the claims, the quality of evidence supporting the claims and other factors. Our total costs for the years 2021 and 2020 for settlement and defense of asbestos claims after insurance recoveries and net of tax were approximately $63 million and $35 million, respectively. Our costs for settlement and defense of asbestos claims may vary year to year and insurance proceeds are not always recovered in the same period as the insured portion of the expenses.
Filings include claims for individuals suffering from mesothelioma, a rare cancer, the risk of which is allegedly increased by exposure to asbestos; lung cancer, a cancer which may be caused by various factors, one of which is alleged to be asbestos exposure; other cancers, and conditions that are substantially less serious, including claims brought on behalf of individuals who are asymptomatic as to an allegedly asbestos-related disease. The predominant number of pending claims against us are non-cancer claims. It is difficult to predict future asbestos liabilities, as events and circumstances may impact the estimate of our asbestos liabilities, including, among others, the number and types of claims and average cost to resolve such claims. We record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We believe that our accrual and insurance are sufficient to cover our asbestos liabilities. Our liability estimate is based upon many factors, including the number of outstanding claims, estimated average cost per claim, the breakdown of claims by disease type, historic claim filings, costs per claim of resolution and the filing of new claims, as well as consultation with a third party firm on trends that may impact our future asbestos liability.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Other
From time to time we receive claims from federal and state environmental regulatory agencies and other entities asserting that we are or may be liable for environmental cleanup costs and related damages principally relating to our historical and predecessor operations. In addition, from time to time we receive personal injury claims including toxic tort and product liability claims (other than asbestos) arising from our historical operations and predecessors.
Market Risk
We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates and use derivative financial instruments to manage this exposure. In accordance with our policy, we do not use derivative instruments unless there is an underlying exposure and, therefore, we do not hold or enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.
Foreign Exchange Risk
We conduct business in various countries outside the U.S., resulting in exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates when translating from the foreign local currency to the U.S. dollar. In order to hedge anticipated cash flows in currencies such as the British Pound, the Euro, the Canadian Dollar and the Australian Dollar, foreign currency forward contracts, for periods generally up to 24 months, are used. Additionally, we designate forward contracts used to hedge committed and forecasted foreign currency transactions, including future production costs and programming obligations, as cash flow hedges. Gains or losses on the effective portion of designated cash flow hedges are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified to the statement of operations when the hedged item is recognized. Additionally, we enter into non-designated forward contracts to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash flows. The change in fair value of the non-designated contracts is included in “Other items, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We manage the use of foreign exchange derivatives centrally.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the notional amount of all foreign currency contracts was $1.94 billion and $1.27 billion, respectively. For 2021, $1.38 billion related to future production costs and $564 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows. For 2020, $740 million related to future production costs and $529 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows.
Interest Risk
Interest rates on future long-term debt issuances are exposed to risk related to movements in long-term interest rates. Interest rate hedges may be used to modify this exposure at our discretion. There were no interest rate hedges outstanding at December 31, 2021 or 2020 but in the future we may use derivatives to manage our exposure to interest rates.
At December 31, 2021, the carrying value of our outstanding notes and debentures was $17.66 billion and the estimated fair value was $21.5 billion. A 1% increase or decrease in interest rates would decrease or increase the fair value of our notes and debentures by approximately $1.62 billion and $2.64 billion, respectively.
Credit Risk
We continually monitor our positions with, and credit quality of, the financial institutions that are counterparties to our financial instruments. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the agreements. However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Our receivables do not represent significant concentrations of credit risk at December 31, 2021 or 2020, due to the wide variety of customers, markets and geographic areas to which our products and services are sold.
Related Parties
See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Information required by this item is presented in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition-Market Risk.”
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
The following Consolidated Financial Statements and schedule of the registrant and its subsidiaries are submitted herewith as part of this report:
Page
Item 15(a)(1) Financial Statements:
1. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
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2. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 238)
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3. Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
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4. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
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5. Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020
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6. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
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7. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
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8. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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Item 15(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule:
II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
All other Schedules are omitted since the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule.
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MANAGEMENT’ S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or Rule 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. ViacomCBS Inc. and its subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of assets; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements prepared for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 based on the framework set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.
VIACOMCBS INC.
By: /s/ Robert M. Bakish
Robert M. Bakish
President and
Chief Executive Officer
By: /s/ Naveen Chopra
Naveen Chopra
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer
By: /s/ Katherine Gill-Charest
Katherine Gill-Charest
Executive Vice President, Controller and
Chief Accounting Officer
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ViacomCBS Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ViacomCBS Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity, and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Amortization of Internally-Produced Television Programming Inventory that is Predominantly Monetized on an Individual Basis
As described in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s internally-produced television programming inventory that is predominantly monetized on an individual basis was $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2021. For internally-produced television programs that are predominantly monetized on an individual basis, management uses an individual-film-forecast computation method to amortize capitalized production costs over the applicable title’s life cycle based upon the ratio of current period revenues to estimated remaining total gross revenues to be earned (“Ultimate Revenues”) for each title. The estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues to be earned within 10 years from the delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, 5 years from the delivery of the most recent episode, if later. These estimates are based on the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets, and future firm commitments to license programs.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to amortization of internally-produced television programming inventory that is predominantly monetized on an individual basis is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when estimating Ultimate Revenues; this led to a high degree of auditor judgment, effort and subjectivity in performing procedures and evaluating management’s estimate of Ultimate Revenues and the significant assumptions that are based on the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets, and future firm commitments to license programs.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to amortization of internally-produced television programming inventory that is predominantly
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monetized on an individual basis, including the controls over the estimation of Ultimate Revenues. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for estimating Ultimate Revenues, and (ii) evaluating whether the significant assumptions were reasonable considering information related to the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs. Procedures were also performed to test the completeness and accuracy of management's data used in these estimates.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
February 15, 2022
We have served as the Company’s or its predecessor’s auditor since 1970.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019
Revenues $ 28,586 $ 25,285 $ 26,998
Costs and expenses:
Operating 17,744 14,992 16,713
Selling, general and administrative 6,398 5,320 5,481
Depreciation and amortization 390 430 438
Restructuring and other corporate matters 100 618 769
Total costs and expenses 24,632 21,360 23,401
Net gain on sales 2,343 214 549
Operating income 6,297 4,139 4,146
Interest expense (986) (1,031) (962)
Interest income 53 60 66
Net gains from investments 47 206 85
Loss on extinguishment of debt (128) (126) -
Other items, net (77) (101) (112)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes
and equity in loss of investee companies
5,206 3,147 3,223
(Provision) benefit for income taxes (646) (535) 29
Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax (91) (28) (53)
Net earnings from continuing operations 4,469 2,584 3,199
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax 162 117 140
Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) 4,631 2,701 3,339
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (88) (279) (31)
Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS $ 4,543 $ 2,422 $ 3,308
Amounts attributable to ViacomCBS:
Net earnings from continuing operations $ 4,381 $ 2,305 $ 3,168
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax 162 117 140
Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS $ 4,543 $ 2,422 $ 3,308
Basic net earnings per common share attributable to ViacomCBS:
Net earnings from continuing operations $ 6.77 $ 3.74 $ 5.15
Net earnings from discontinued operations $ .25 $ .19 $ .23
Net earnings $ 7.02 $ 3.93 $ 5.38
Diluted net earnings per common share attributable to ViacomCBS:
Net earnings from continuing operations $ 6.69 $ 3.73 $ 5.13
Net earnings from discontinued operations $ .25 $ .19 $ .23
Net earnings $ 6.94 $ 3.92 $ 5.36
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic 641 616 615
Diluted 655 618 617
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019
Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) $ 4,631 $ 2,701 $ 3,339
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustments (143) 134 9
Net actuarial gain (loss) and prior service costs 75 (2) (145)
Other comprehensive income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
(ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests)
(68) 132 (136)
Other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations (3) 5 6
Comprehensive income 4,560 2,838 3,209
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 87 278 33
Comprehensive income attributable to ViacomCBS $ 4,473 $ 2,560 $ 3,176
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
At December 31,
2021 2020
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,267 $ 2,984
Receivables, net 6,984 7,017
Programming and other inventory 1,504 1,757
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,176 1,391
Current assets of discontinued operations 745 630
Total current assets 16,676 13,779
Property and equipment, net 1,736 1,994
Programming and other inventory 13,358 10,363
Goodwill 16,584 16,612
Intangible assets, net 2,772 2,826
Operating lease assets 1,630 1,602
Deferred income tax assets, net 1,206 993
Other assets 3,824 3,657
Assets held for sale 19 28
Assets of discontinued operations 815 809
Total Assets $ 58,620 $ 52,663
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 800 $ 571
Accrued expenses 2,323 1,714
Participants’ share and royalties payable 2,159 2,005
Accrued programming and production costs 1,342 1,141
Deferred revenues 1,091 978
Debt 11 16
Other current liabilities 1,182 1,391
Current liabilities of discontinued operations 571 480
Total current liabilities 9,479 8,296
Long-term debt 17,698 19,717
Participants’ share and royalties payable 1,244 1,317
Pension and postretirement benefit obligations 1,946 2,098
Deferred income tax liabilities, net 1,063 778
Operating lease liabilities 1,598 1,583
Program rights obligations 404 243
Other liabilities 1,898 2,158
Liabilities of discontinued operations 213 220
Redeemable noncontrolling interest 107 197
Commitments and contingencies (Note 20)
ViacomCBS stockholders’ equity:
5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share;
25 shares authorized and 10 shares issued (2021)
- -
Class A Common Stock, par value $.001 per share; 55 shares authorized;
41 (2021) and 52 (2020) shares issued
- -
Class B Common Stock, par value $.001 per share; 5,000 shares authorized;
1,110 (2021) and 1,068 (2020) shares issued
1 1
Additional paid-in capital 32,918 29,785
Treasury stock, at cost; 503 (2021 and 2020) Class B Shares
(22,958) (22,958)
Retained earnings 14,343 10,375
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,902) (1,832)
Total ViacomCBS stockholders’ equity 22,402 15,371
Noncontrolling interests 568 685
Total Equity 22,970 16,056
Total Liabilities and Equity $ 58,620 $ 52,663
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019
Operating Activities:
Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) $ 4,631 $ 2,701 $ 3,339
Less: Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax 162 117 140
Net earnings from continuing operations 4,469 2,584 3,199
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings from continuing operations to net cash flow
provided by operating activities from continuing operations:
Depreciation and amortization 390 430 438
Television programming and feature film cost amortization 13,352 11,045 12,554
Deferred tax provision (benefit) 90 122 (765)
Stock-based compensation 192 274 286
Net gain on sales (2,343) (214) (549)
Net gains from investments (47) (206) (85)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 128 126 -
Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax and distributions 96 34 58
Change in assets and liabilities
Decrease (increase) in receivables 179 (68) (247)
Increase in inventory and related program and participation liabilities, net (16,584) (12,170) (14,215)
Increase in accounts payable and other liabilities 760 188 302
(Decrease) increase in pension and postretirement benefit obligations (61) (20) 16
Increase in income taxes 265 2 176
Other, net (51) 88 3
Net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations 835 2,215 1,171
Net cash flow provided by operating activities from discontinued operations 118 79 59
Net cash flow provided by operating activities 953 2,294 1,230
Investing Activities:
Investments (193) (59) (171)
Capital expenditures (354) (324) (345)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (54) (147) (399)
Proceeds from dispositions 3,028 593 756
Other investing activities (25) - 14
Net cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities from continuing operations 2,402 63 (145)
Net cash flow used for investing activities from discontinued operations (7) (7) (10)
Net cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities 2,395 56 (155)
Financing Activities:
(Repayments of) proceeds from short-term debt borrowings, net - (706) 25
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes - 4,375 492
Repayment of long-term debt (2,230) (2,901) (910)
Dividends paid on preferred stock (30) - -
Dividends paid on common stock (617) (600) (595)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 983 - -
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 1,672 - -
Purchase of Company common stock - (58) (57)
Payment of payroll taxes in lieu of issuing shares for stock-based compensation (110) (93) (56)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 408 5 15
Payments to noncontrolling interests (235) (59) (91)
Other financing activities 7 (53) (39)
Net cash flow used for financing activities (152) (90) (1,216)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (48) 25 (1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 3,148 2,285 (142)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year
(includes $135 (2021) $202 (2020) and $120 (2019) of restricted cash)
3,119 834 976
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year
(includes $135 (2020) and $202 (2019) of restricted cash)
$ 6,267 $ 3,119 $ 834
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In millions)
Preferred Stock Class A and B Common Stock Treasury
Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total ViacomCBS Stockholders’ Equity Non-Controlling Interests Total Equity
(Shares) (Shares)
December 31, 2018 - $ - 613 $ 1 $ (43,420) $ 49,907 $ 5,569 $ (1,608) $ 10,449 $ 54 $ 10,503
Stock-based
compensation
activity and other - - 3 - 29 226 (4) - 251 - 251
Cancellation of
treasury stock in
the Merger - - - - 20,533 (20,533) - - - - -
Class B Common
Stock purchased - - (1) - (50) - - - (50) - (50)
Common stock
dividends - - - - - - (600) - (600) - (600)
Noncontrolling
interests - - - - - (10) (9) - (19) (5) (24)
Net earnings - - - - - - 3,308 - 3,308 31 3,339
Reclassification of
income tax effect
of the Tax
Reform Act
- - - - - - 230 (230) - - -
Other
comprehensive
income (loss) - - - - - - - (132) (132) 2 (130)
December 31, 2019 - - 615 1 (22,908) 29,590 8,494 (1,970) 13,207 82 13,289
Stock-based
compensation
activity - - 3 - - 195 - - 195 - 195
Class B Common
Stock purchased - - (1) - (50) - - - (50) - (50)
Common stock
dividends - - - - - - (601) - (601) - (601)
Noncontrolling
interests - - - - - - 60 - 60 325 (a)
Net earnings - - - - - - 2,422 - 2,422 279 2,701
Other
comprehensive
income (loss) - - - - - - - 138 138 (1) 137
December 31, 2020 - - 617 1 (22,958) 29,785 10,375 (1,832) 15,371 685 16,056
Stock-based
compensation
activity - - 11 - - 493 - - 493 - 493
Stock issuances 10 - 20 - - 2,655 - - 2,655 2,655
Preferred stock
dividends - - - - - - (44) - (44) - (44)
Common stock
dividends - - - - - - (625) - (625) - (625)
Noncontrolling
interests - - - - - (15) 94 - 79 (204) (125)
Net earnings - - - - - - 4,543 - 4,543 88 4,631
Other
comprehensive
loss - - - - - - - (70) (70) (1) (71)
December 31, 2021 10 $ - 648 $ 1 $ (22,958) $ 32,918 $ 14,343 $ (1,902) $ 22,402 $ 568 $ 22,970
(a) Primarily reflects the acquisition of Miramax (see Note 2).
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business-In 2021, ViacomCBS Inc. operated through the following segments: TV Entertainment (CBS Television Network; CBS Studios; CBS Media Ventures; CBS Sports Network; CBS Stations, our owned broadcast television stations; and a number of streaming services, including our direct-to-consumer streaming service, Paramount+ (in the United States), and several CBS-branded streaming services, including CBS News Streaming and CBS Sports HQ); Cable Networks (a portfolio of premium and basic cable networks, including Showtime, BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, and Smithsonian Channel; a number of direct-to-consumer streaming services, including Pluto TV, Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service (“Showtime OTT”), Noggin and BET+; and ViacomCBS Networks International, which operates international extensions of Paramount+ and our Cable Networks brands and services, our international free-to-air networks and ViacomCBS International Studios); and Filmed Entertainment (Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation, Paramount Television Studios and Miramax). References to “ViacomCBS,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to ViacomCBS Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Effective February 16, 2022, we are changing our name to Paramount Global.
Beginning in 2022, primarily as a result of our increased strategic focus on our direct-to-consumer businesses, we made certain changes to how we manage our businesses and allocate resources that resulted in a change to our operating segments. Accordingly, beginning in the first quarter of 2022, we will report results based on the following segments: TV Media (consists of our historical TV Entertainment and Cable Networks segments, except that it no longer includes their corresponding direct-to-consumer streaming services, which are now part of our Direct-to-Consumer segment, and Nickelodeon Studio, which is now a part of our Filmed Entertainment segment, and now includes Paramount Television Studios, which was formerly part of our historical Filmed Entertainment segment); Direct-to-Consumer (consists of our portfolio of free, premium and pay streaming services, including Paramount+, Pluto TV, Showtime OTT, BET+ and Noggin); and Filmed Entertainment (consists of our historical Filmed Entertainment segment, except that it no longer includes Paramount Television Studios, which is now part of our TV Media segment, and now includes Nickelodeon Studio, which was formerly a part of our historical Cable Networks segment).
Merger with Viacom Inc.-On December 4, 2019, Viacom Inc. (“Viacom”) merged with and into CBS Corporation (“CBS”), with CBS continuing as the surviving company (the “Merger”). At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), the combined company changed its name to ViacomCBS Inc. (“ViacomCBS”). The Merger has been accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control as National Amusements, Inc. (“NAI”) was the controlling stockholder of each of CBS and Viacom (and remains the controlling stockholder of ViacomCBS). Upon the closing of the Merger, the net assets of Viacom were combined with those of CBS at their historical carrying amounts and the companies have been presented on a combined basis for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Discontinued Operations-On November 25, 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our publishing business, Simon & Schuster, which was previously reported as the Publishing segment, to Penguin Random House LLC (“Penguin Random House”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, for $2.175 billion in cash. As a result, Simon & Schuster is presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented (see Note 3).
Principles of Consolidation-The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ViacomCBS, its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where we are considered the primary beneficiary, after the elimination of intercompany transactions. Controlling interest is
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
determined by majority ownership interest and the absence of substantive third party participating rights. Investments over which we have a significant influence, without a controlling interest, are accounted for under the equity method. Our proportionate share of net earnings or loss of the entity is recorded in “Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Reclassifications-Certain amounts reported for prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
Use of Estimates-The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may vary from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Business Combinations-We generally account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, once control is obtained of a business, 100% of the assets, liabilities and certain contingent liabilities acquired, as well as amounts attributed to noncontrolling interests, are recorded at fair value. Any transaction costs are expensed as incurred. The Merger was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control as NAI was the controlling stockholder of each of CBS and Viacom.
Cash and Cash Equivalents-Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase, including money market funds, commercial paper and bank time deposits. At December 31, 2020, we had restricted cash of $135 million, which consisted of amounts held in grantor trusts related to agreements with former executives. Restricted cash is included within “Other current assets” and “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020.
Programming Inventory-We produce and acquire rights to programming to exhibit on our broadcast and cable networks, direct to consumers through our streaming services, on our broadcast television stations, and in theaters. We also produce programming for third parties. Costs for internally-produced and acquired programming inventory, including prepayments for such costs, are recorded within the non-current portion of “Programming and other inventory” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Prepayments for the rights to air sporting and other live events that are expected to be expensed over the next 12 months are classified within the current portion of “Programming and other inventory” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Costs incurred to produce television programs and feature films (which include direct production costs, production overhead, acquisition costs and development costs) are capitalized when incurred and amortized over the projected life of each television program or feature film. Costs incurred to acquire television series and feature film programming rights, including advances, are capitalized when the license period has begun and the program is accepted and available for airing and amortized over the shorter of the license period or the period in which an economic benefit is expected to be derived.
For internally-produced television programs and feature films that are predominantly monetized on an individual basis, we use an individual-film-forecast computation method to amortize capitalized production costs and to accrue estimated liabilities for participations and residuals over the applicable title’s life cycle based upon the ratio of current period revenues to estimated remaining total gross revenues to be earned (“Ultimate Revenues”) for each title. The estimate of Ultimate Revenues impacts the timing of amortization of capitalized production
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
costs and expensing of participations and residual costs. For television programming, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues to be earned within 10 years from the delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, five years from the delivery of the most recent episode, if later. These estimates are based on the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs.
For feature films, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues from all sources that are estimated to be earned within 10 years from the date of a film’s initial release. Prior to the release of feature films, we estimate Ultimate Revenues based on the historical performance of similar content and pre-release market research (including test market screenings), as well as factors relating to the specific film, including the expected number of theaters and markets in which the original content will be released, the genre of the original content and the past box office performance of the lead actors and actresses. Upon a film’s initial release, we update our estimate of Ultimate Revenues based on actual and expected future performance. Our estimates of revenues from succeeding windows and markets are revised based on historical relationships to theatrical performance and an analysis of current market trends. For acquired television and film libraries, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues is for a period within 20 years from the date of acquisition. Ultimate Revenue estimates are periodically reviewed and adjustments, if any, will result in changes to inventory amortization rates and estimated accruals for residuals and participations.
Film development costs that have not been set for production are expensed within three years unless they are abandoned earlier, in which case these projects are written down to their estimated fair value in the period the decision to abandon the project is determined.
For programming that is predominantly monetized as part of a film group, which includes our acquired programming rights and certain internally-produced television programs, capitalized costs are amortized based on an estimate of the timing of our usage of and benefit from such programming. The costs of programming rights licensed under multi-year sports programming agreements are capitalized if the rights payments are made before the related economic benefit has been received and amortized over the period in which an economic benefit is expected to be derived based on the relative value of the events broadcast by us during a period in relation to the estimated total value of the events over the term of the sports programming agreement.
For content that is predominantly monetized on an individual basis, a television program or feature film is tested for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that its fair value may be less than its unamortized cost. If the carrying value of a film group or individual television program or feature film exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge will then be recorded in the amount of the difference. Content that is predominantly monetized within a film group is assessed for impairment at the film group level and would similarly be tested for impairment if circumstances indicate that the fair value of the content within the film group is less than its amortized costs. In addition, unamortized costs for internally-produced or acquired programming that have been substantively abandoned are written off.
Television and feature film programming and production costs, including inventory amortization, development costs, residuals and participations and impairment charges, if any, are included within “Operating expenses” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Property and Equipment-Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:
Buildings and building improvements 10 to 40 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of lease term or useful life
Equipment and other (including finance leases) 3 to 20 years
Costs associated with repairs and maintenance of property and equipment are expensed as incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets-The Company assesses long-lived assets and intangible assets, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, for impairment whenever there is an indication that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these asset groups is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by these asset groups to their net carrying value. If the carrying value is not recoverable, the amount of impairment charge, if any, is measured by the difference between the net carrying value and the estimated fair value of the assets.
Investments-Investments over which we have a significant influence, without a controlling interest, are accounted for under the equity method. Equity investments for which we have no significant influence are measured at fair value where a readily determinable fair value exists. Equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value are measured at cost less impairment, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of equity investments are recorded in “Net gains from investments” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We monitor our investments for impairment and reduce the carrying value of the investment if we determine that an impairment charge is required based on qualitative and quantitative information. Our investments are included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets-Goodwill is allocated to various reporting units, which are at or one level below our operating segments. Intangible assets with finite lives, which primarily consist of trade names, licenses, and customer agreements are generally amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 4 to 40 years. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives, which consist primarily of FCC licenses, are not amortized but are tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. If the carrying value of goodwill or the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized (see Note 6).
Guarantees-At the inception of a guarantee, we recognize a liability for the fair value of an obligation assumed by issuing the guarantee. The related liability is subsequently reduced as utilized or extinguished and increased if there is a probable loss associated with the guarantee which exceeds the value of the recorded liability.
Treasury Stock-Treasury stock is accounted for using the cost method. Retirements of treasury stock are reflected as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.
Fair Value Measurements-Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The framework for measuring fair value provides a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used in measuring fair value. Level 1 is based on publicly quoted prices for the asset or liability in active markets. Level 2 is based on inputs that are observable other than quoted market prices in active markets, such as quoted prices for the asset or liability in inactive markets or quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities. Level 3 is based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
liability. Certain assets and liabilities, including foreign currency hedges and deferred compensation liabilities, are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets and liabilities, including television and film production costs, goodwill, intangible assets, and equity-method investments are recorded at fair value only if an impairment charge is recognized. Impairment charges, if applicable, are generally determined using discounted cash flows, which is a Level 3 valuation technique.
Derivative Financial Instruments-Derivative financial instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. For derivatives designated as hedges of the fair value of assets or liabilities, the changes in fair value of both the derivatives and the hedged items are recorded in “Other items, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the changes in fair value of the derivatives is recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently recognized in net earnings when the hedged items are recognized.
Pension and Postretirement Benefits-The service cost component of net benefit cost for our pension and postretirement benefits is recorded on the same line items on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as other compensation costs of the related employees. All of the other components of net benefit cost are presented separately from the service cost component and below the subtotal of operating income in “Other items, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other Liabilities-Other liabilities consist primarily of the noncurrent portion of residual liabilities of previously disposed businesses, long-term income tax liabilities, deferred compensation and other employee benefit accruals.
Revenues
Revenue is recognized when control of a good or service is transferred to a customer. Control is considered to be transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of that good or service.
Advertising Revenues-Advertising revenues are recognized when the advertising spots are aired on television or streamed or displayed on digital platforms. Advertising spots are typically sold as part of advertising campaigns consisting of multiple commercial units. If a contract includes a guarantee to deliver a targeted audience rating or number of impressions, the delivery of the advertising spots that achieve the guarantee represents the performance obligation to be satisfied over time and revenues are recognized based on the proportion of the audience rating or impressions delivered to the total guaranteed in the contract. Audience ratings and impressions are determined based on data provided by independent third-party companies. To the extent the amounts billed exceed the amount of revenue recognized, such excess is deferred until the guaranteed audience ratings or impressions are delivered. For contracts that do not include impressions guarantees, the individual advertising spots are the performance obligation and consideration is allocated among the individual advertising spots based on relative standalone selling price. Advertising contracts, which are generally short-term, are billed monthly, with payments due shortly after the invoice date.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Affiliate Revenues-Affiliate revenues primarily consist of fees received from multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) and third-party live television streaming services (“virtual MVPDs”, or “vMVPDs”) for carriage of our cable networks (“cable affiliate fees”) and television stations (“retransmission fees”); and fees from television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“reverse compensation”). Costs incurred for advertising, marketing and other services provided to us by cable, satellite and other distributors that are in exchange for a distinct service are recorded as expenses. If a distinct service is not received, such costs are recorded as a reduction to revenues.
The performance obligation for our affiliate agreements is a license to our programming provided through the continuous delivery of live linear feeds and, for agreements with MVPDs and vMVPDs, also includes a license to programming for video-on-demand viewing. Affiliate revenues are recognized over the term of the agreement as we satisfy our performance obligation by continuously providing our customer with the right to use our programming. For agreements that provide for a variable fee, revenues are determined each month based on an agreed upon contractual rate applied to the number of subscribers to our customer’s service. For agreements that provide for a fixed fee, revenues are recognized based on the relative fair value of the content provided over the term of the agreement. These agreements primarily include agreements with television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“network affiliates”) for which fair value is determined based on the fair value of the network affiliate’s service and the value of our programming. For affiliate revenues, payments are generally due monthly.
Licensing and Other Revenues-Licensing and other revenues are principally comprised of fees from the licensing of the rights to exhibit our internally-produced television and film programming on various platforms in the secondary market after its initial exhibition on our owned or third party platforms; license fees from content produced for third parties; home entertainment revenues, which include revenues from the viewing of our content on a transactional basis through transactional video-on-demand (TVOD) and electronic sell-through services, and the sale and distribution of our content through DVDs and Blu-ray discs to wholesale and retail partners; fees from the use of our trademarks and brands for consumer products, recreation and live events; fees from the distribution of third-party programming; and revenues from the rental of production facilities.
For licenses of exhibition rights for internally-produced programming, each individual episode or film delivered represents a separate performance obligation and revenues are recognized when the episode or film is made available to the licensee for exhibition and the license period has begun. For license agreements that include delivery of content on one or more dates for a fixed fee, consideration is allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each episode or film. Estimation of standalone selling prices requires judgment, which can impact the timing of recognizing revenues. Agreements to license programming are often long term, with collection terms ranging from one to five years.
When payment is due from a customer more than one year before or after revenue is recognized, we consider the contract to contain a significant financing component and the transaction price is adjusted for the effects of the time value of money. We do not adjust the transaction price for the time value of money if payment is expected within one year of recognizing revenues.
We also license our programming to distributors of transactional video-on-demand and similar services. Under these arrangements, our performance obligation is the delivery of our content to such distributors who then license our content to the end customer. Our revenues are determined each month based on a contractual rate applied to the number of licenses to the distributors’ end customers. Similarly, revenues earned from electronic sell-through services are recognized as each program is downloaded by the end customer.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues associated with the licensing of our brands for consumer products, recreation and live events are generally determined based on contractual royalty rates applied to sales reported by the licensees. For consumer products and recreation arrangements that include minimum guaranteed consideration, revenue is recognized as sales occur by the licensee, if the sales-based consideration is expected to exceed the minimum guarantee, or ratably if it is not expected to exceed the minimum guarantee. For live events, we recognize revenue when the event is held.
Revenues from the sales of DVDs and Blu-ray discs to wholesalers and retailers are recognized upon the later of the physical delivery to the customer or the date that any sales restrictions on the retailers are lifted.
We earn revenues from the distribution of content on behalf of third parties. We also have arrangements for the distribution or sale of our content by third parties. Under such arrangements, we determine whether revenues should be recognized based on the gross amount of consideration received from the customer or the net amount of revenue we retain after payment to the third party producer or distributor, based on an assessment of which party controls the good or service being transferred.
Theatrical Revenues-Theatrical revenue is earned from the theatrical distribution of our films during the exhibition period. Under these arrangements, revenues are recognized based on sales to the end customer.
Revenue Allowances-DVDs and Blu-ray discs are generally sold with a right of return. We record a provision for sales returns and allowances at the time of sale based upon an estimate of future returns, rebates and other incentives. In determining this provision, we consider sources of qualitative and quantitative evidence including forecast sales data, customers’ rights of return, sales levels for units already shipped, historical return rates for similar products, current economic trends, the competitive environment, promotions and our sales strategies. Reserves for sales returns and allowances of $36 million and $64 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are recorded in “Other current liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Reserves for accounts receivable reflect our expected credit losses, which are estimated based on historical experience, as well as current and expected economic conditions and industry trends. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was $80 million and $85 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The provision for doubtful accounts charged to expense was $8 million in 2021, $32 million in 2020 and $25 million in 2019.
Contract Liabilities-A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received from a customer prior to fully satisfying a performance obligation in a contract. Our contract liabilities primarily consist of cash received related to advertising arrangements for which the required audience rating or impressions have not been delivered; consumer products arrangements with minimum guarantees; and content licensing arrangements under which the content has not yet been made available to the customer. These contract liabilities will be recognized as revenues when control of the related product or service is transferred to the customer. Contract liabilities are included within “Deferred revenues” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Collaborative Arrangements-Collaborative arrangements primarily consist of joint efforts with third parties to produce and distribute programming such as television series and live sporting events, including the agreement between us and Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. to telecast the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Championship (the “NCAA Tournament”), which runs through 2032. In connection with this agreement for the NCAA Tournament, advertisements aired on the CBS Television Network are recorded as revenues and our share of the program rights fees and other operating costs are recorded as operating expenses.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
We also enter into collaborative arrangements with other studios to jointly finance and distribute film and television programming, under which each partner is responsible for distribution of the program in specific territories or distribution windows. Under these arrangements, co-production costs are initially capitalized as programming inventory and amortized over the estimated economic life of the program. In such arrangements where we have distribution rights, all proceeds generated from such distribution are recorded as revenues and any participation profits due to third party collaborators are recorded as participation expenses. In co-production arrangements where third party collaborators have distribution rights, our net participating profits are recorded as revenues.
Amounts attributable to transactions arising from collaborative arrangements between participants were not material to the consolidated financial statements for any period presented.
Leases-We have operating leases primarily for office space, equipment, satellite transponders and studio facilities and finance leases for satellite transponders and equipment. We determine that a contract contains a lease if we obtain substantially all of the economic benefits of, and the right to direct the use of, an asset identified in the contract. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability representing the present value of future lease payments. The discount rate used to measure the lease asset and liability is determined at the beginning of the lease term using the rate implicit in the lease, if readily determinable, or our collateralized incremental borrowing rate. For those contracts that include fixed rental payments for both the use of the asset (“lease costs”) as well as for other occupancy or service costs relating to the asset (“non-lease costs”), we generally include both the lease costs and non-lease costs in the measurement of the lease asset and liability. We also own buildings and production facilities where we lease space to lessees.
Our leases generally have remaining terms ranging from one to 15 years and often contain renewal options to extend the lease for periods of generally up to 10 years. For leases that contain renewal options, we include the renewal period in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease expense and income for our operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with the exception of variable lease costs, which are expensed as incurred, and leases of assets used in the production of programming, which are capitalized in programming assets and amortized over the projected useful life of the related programming. For finance leases, amortization of the right-of-use asset is recognized in amortization expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense is accreted on the lease liability using the effective interest method. This results in an accelerated recognition of cost over the lease term.
Advertising-Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We incurred total advertising expenses of $2.14 billion in 2021, $1.31 billion in 2020 and $1.67 billion in 2019.
Interest-Costs associated with the refinancing or issuance of debt, as well as debt discounts or premiums, are recorded as interest over the term of the related debt.
Income Taxes-The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local, and foreign taxes. We recognize the tax on global intangible low-taxed income, a U.S. tax on certain income earned by our foreign subsidiaries, as a period cost when incurred within the provision for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be reversed. We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
For tax positions taken in a previously filed tax return or expected to be taken in a future tax return, we evaluate each position to determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is subject to a measurement assessment to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and the appropriate reserve to establish, if any. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, a tax reserve is established and no benefit is recognized. A number of years may elapse before a tax return containing tax matters for which a reserve has been established is audited and finally resolved. We recognize interest and penalty charges related to the reserve for uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions-Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the United States (“U.S.”) Dollar are translated into U.S. Dollars at foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, while results of operations are translated at average foreign exchange rates for the respective periods. The resulting translation gains and losses are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Argentina has been designated as a highly inflationary economy during all periods presented. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency will result in remeasurement gains and losses, which are included in “Other items, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Net Earnings per Common Share-Basic net earnings per share (“EPS”) is based upon net earnings available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net earnings available to common stockholders is calculated as net earnings from continuing operations or net earnings, as applicable, adjusted to include preferred stock dividends recorded during the period. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded dividends of $44.2 million on the 5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock (“Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock”) that was issued during the first quarter of 2021 (see Note 14).
Weighted average shares for diluted EPS reflects the effect of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) or performance stock units (“PSUs”) only in the periods in which such effect would have been dilutive. Diluted EPS also reflects the effect of the assumed conversion of preferred stock, if dilutive, which includes the issuance of common shares in the weighted average number of shares and excludes the above-mentioned preferred stock dividend adjustment to net earnings available to common stockholders. Excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been antidilutive, were stock options and RSUs of 6 million, 22 million and 19 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The table below presents a reconciliation of weighted average shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
(in millions)
Weighted average shares for basic EPS 641 616 615
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans
5 2 2
Conversion of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock 9 - -
Weighted average shares for diluted EPS 655 618 617
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Stock-based Compensation-We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. The cost is recognized over the vesting period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes
On January 1, 2021, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance on the accounting for income taxes that, among other provisions, eliminates certain exceptions to existing guidance related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. This guidance also requires an entity to reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in its effective income tax rate in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Reference Rate Reform
In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance providing optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The one-week and two-month USD LIBOR tenors and all non-USD LIBOR tenors have been discontinued after December 31, 2021, with the remaining USD LIBOR tenors ceasing after June 30, 2023. The guidance is effective immediately upon issuance and an entity may elect to apply it to contract modifications or hedging relationships entered into on or before December 31, 2022, with a few exceptions for certain hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022. This guidance, which primarily affects certain of our debt and hedging arrangements, is being applied as modifications of contracts that include LIBOR occur. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we amended our $3.50 billion revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for loans denominated in euros, sterling and yen with EURIBOR, SONIA and TIBOR-based rates, respectively. The application of this guidance did not have and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity
On August 5, 2020, the FASB issued amended guidance to reduce complexity associated with the accounting for convertible instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Under this guidance, embedded conversion features associated with convertible instruments no longer need to be separated from the host contracts unless they are required to be accounted for as derivatives or have been issued at a substantial premium. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, this guidance removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exceptions. This guidance also amends certain EPS guidance for convertible instruments and expands disclosure requirements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted, and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
2) ACQUISITIONS
During 2021, we made payments totaling $54 million, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of Chilevisión, a free-to-air television channel, and a controlling interest in Fox TeleColombia & Estudios TeleMexico, a Spanish
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
language content producer. The results of these companies are included in the Cable Networks segment from the dates of acquisition.
During 2020, we acquired a 49% interest in Miramax, a global film and television studio, for $375 million, which included a cash payment at closing of approximately $150 million along with a commitment to invest $45 million annually, beginning on the first anniversary of the closing and continuing through 2025, to be used for new film and television productions and working capital. In conjunction with this acquisition, we entered into commercial agreements with Miramax under which we have exclusive, long-term distribution rights to Miramax’s catalog, which added more than 700 titles to our existing library. We also have certain rights to co-produce, co-finance and/or distribute new film and television projects. The investment is accounted for as a consolidated VIE. We are the primary beneficiary of the VIE due to our power to direct the distribution of Miramax’s films and television series, which is considered the most significant activity of the VIE. The results of Miramax are included in the Filmed Entertainment segment from the date of acquisition.
During 2019, we acquired Pluto Inc., the provider of Pluto TV, a leading free streaming television service in the U.S., for $324 million, net of cash acquired, as well as the remaining 50% interest in Pop TV, a general entertainment cable network, for $39 million, net of cash acquired, which brought our ownership to 100%. The results of Pluto TV and Pop TV are included in the Cable Networks segment from the date of acquisition.
The operating results of these acquisitions were not material to our consolidated financial statements in the year of acquisition.
3) DISPOSITIONS
During October 2021, we completed the sale of 51 West 52nd Street, an office tower that was formerly the headquarters of CBS, to Harbor Group International, LLC, for $760 million. At closing, we executed an agreement to lease back the space we occupy for terms ranging from two to three years. This transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of $523 million.
In December 2021, we completed the sale of CBS Studio Center to a partnership formed by Hackman Capital Partners, LLC and Square Mile Capital Management, LLC for $1.85 billion. At closing, we executed a 10-year lease-back of the portion of a building on the property that is used by our Los Angeles television stations. The lease-back began at the time of the sale and includes an option to terminate one floor without penalty beginning on the fifth anniversary. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $1.70 billion.
In addition, during 2021 we recognized a pre-tax net gain of $117 million, principally relating to the sale of a noncore trademark licensing operation.
On November 25, 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our publishing business, Simon & Schuster, to Penguin Random House for $2.175 billion in cash. Simon & Schuster is presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. On November 2, 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit to block the sale. The purchase agreement contains commitments on the part of the purchaser to take all necessary steps to obtain any required regulatory approvals and to defend any litigation that would delay or prevent consummation, and also provides for a termination fee payable to us in certain circumstances in the event the transaction does not close for regulatory reasons (see Note 20).
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following tables set forth details of net earnings from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Simon & Schuster Other (a)
Total
Revenues $ 993 $ - $ 993
Costs and expenses:
Operating 618 (16) 602
Selling, general and administrative 158 - 158
Depreciation and amortization 3 - 3
Restructuring charges 1 - 1
Total costs and expenses 780 (16) 764
Operating income 213 16 229
Other items, net (10) - (10)
Earnings from discontinued operations 203 16 219
Income tax provision (46) (11) (57)
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax $ 157 $ 5 $ 162
Year Ended December 31, 2020 Simon & Schuster Other (a)
Total
Revenues $ 901 $ - $ 901
Costs and expenses:
Operating 573 (19) 554
Selling, general and administrative 172 - 172
Depreciation and amortization 5 - 5
Restructuring charges 10 - 10
Total costs and expenses 760 (19) 741
Operating income 141 19 160
Other items, net (5) - (5)
Earnings from discontinued operations 136 19 155
Income tax provision (34) (4) (38)
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax $ 102 $ 15 $ 117
Year Ended December 31, 2019 Simon & Schuster Other (a)
Total
Revenues $ 814 $ - $ 814
Costs and expenses:
Operating 510 (50) 460
Selling, general and administrative 166 - 166
Depreciation and amortization 5 - 5
Restructuring charges 6 - 6
Total costs and expenses 687 (50) 637
Operating income 127 50 177
Other items, net (5) - (5)
Earnings from discontinued operations 122 50 172
Income tax provision (20) (12) (32)
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax $ 102 $ 38 $ 140
(a) Primarily relates to indemnification obligations for leases associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players Inc. (“Famous Players”).
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following table presents the major classes of assets and liabilities of our discontinued operations.
At December 31, 2021 2020
Receivables, net $ 536 $ 447
Other current assets 209 183
Goodwill 435 435
Property and equipment, net 46 42
Operating lease assets 203 191
Other assets 131 141
Total Assets $ 1,560 $ 1,439
Royalties payable $ 155 $ 131
Other current liabilities 416 349
Operating lease liabilities 194 194
Other liabilities 19 26
Total Liabilities $ 784 $ 700
On October 30, 2020, we completed the sale of CNET Media Group (“CMG”) to Red Ventures for $484 million. This transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of $214 million.
During 2019, we completed the sale of CBS Television City for $750 million. This transaction resulted in a pre-tax gain of $549 million, which included a reduction for the present value of the estimated amount payable under a guarantee obligation (see Note 20).
4) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
At December 31, 2021 2020
Land $ 372 $ 437
Buildings 842 1,253
Finance leases (a)
160 159
Equipment and other 4,112 4,151
5,486 6,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 3,750 4,006
Net property and equipment $ 1,736 $ 1,994
(a) Accumulated amortization of finance leases was $143 million and $140 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Depreciation expense, including amortization of finance leases (a) (b)
$ 344 $ 345 $ 362
(a) Amortization expense related to finance leases was $19 million, $18 million and $23 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(b) Included in depreciation expense for 2020 is $12 million of accelerated depreciation resulting from the abandonment of technology in connection with synergy plans related to the Merger.
5) PROGRAMMING AND OTHER INVENTORY
The following table presents our programming and other inventory at December 31, 2021 and 2020, grouped by type and predominant monetization strategy.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
At December 31, 2021 2020
Film Group Monetization:
Acquired program rights, including prepaid sports rights $ 3,432 $ 3,413
Internally-produced television and film programming:
Released 3,808 2,558
In process and other 2,609 1,682
Individual Monetization:
Acquired libraries 441 483
Film inventory:
Released 606 374
Completed, not yet released 253 543
In process and other 1,303 816
Internally-produced television programming:
Released 1,604 1,206
In process and other 769 1,013
Home entertainment 37 32
Total programming and other inventory 14,862 12,120
Less current portion 1,504 1,757
Total noncurrent programming and other inventory $ 13,358 $ 10,363
The following table presents amortization of television and film programming and production costs.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020
Programming costs, acquired programming $ 5,143 $ 3,779
Production costs, internally-produced television and film programming:
Individual monetization $ 3,245 $ 2,669
Film group monetization $ 3,248 $ 3,133
Programming Charges
Included in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2020, are programming charges of $159 million primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from production shutdowns related to the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”). Programming charges of $101 million, $53 million and $5 million are included within the TV Entertainment, Cable Networks and Filmed Entertainment segments, respectively.
During 2019, in connection with the Merger, we implemented management changes across the organization. In connection with these changes, we performed an evaluation of our programming portfolio across all of our businesses, including an assessment of the optimal use of our programming in the marketplace, which resulted in the identification of programs not aligned with management’s strategy. As a result, we recorded programming charges of $589 million principally reflecting accelerated amortization associated with changes in the expected monetization of certain programs, and decisions to cease airing, alter future airing patterns or not renew certain programs.
The programming charges for 2020 and 2019 were included within “Operating expenses” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following table presents the expected amortization over each of the next three years of released programming inventory on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021.
2022 2023 2024
Programming costs, acquired programming $ 2,391 $ 592 $ 223
Production costs, internally-produced television and film programming:
Individual monetization $ 1,514 $ 323 $ 241
Film group monetization $ 1,526 $ 987 $ 631
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we expect to amortize approximately $216 million of our completed, not yet released film inventory, which is monetized on an individual basis.
6) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Impairment Test
We perform fair value-based impairment tests of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, comprised primarily of television FCC licenses, on an annual basis, and also between annual tests if an event occurs or if circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment, or one level below.
At December 31, 2021, we had four reporting units. FCC licenses are tested for impairment at the geographic market level. We consider each geographic market, which is comprised of all of our television stations within that geographic market, to be a single unit of accounting because the FCC licenses at this level represent their highest and best use. At December 31, 2021, we had 14 television markets with FCC license book values.
For our annual impairment test, we perform qualitative assessments for the reporting units and television markets with FCC licenses that we estimate have fair values that significantly exceed their respective carrying values. In making this determination, we also consider the duration of time since a quantitative test was performed. For the 2021 annual impairment test, we performed qualitative assessments for 11 of our television markets and two of our reporting units. For each reporting unit, we weighed the relative impact of factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. For each television market, we weighed the relative impact of market-specific and macroeconomic factors. Based on the qualitative assessments, considering the aggregation of the relevant factors, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of these reporting units and the fair value of FCC licenses within each of these markets are less than their respective carrying values. Therefore, performing a quantitative impairment test was unnecessary.
For the 2021 annual test for FCC licenses, we performed a quantitative impairment test for the remaining three markets. The quantitative impairment test of FCC licenses calculates an estimated fair value using the Greenfield Discounted Cash Flow Method, which values a hypothetical start-up station in the relevant market by adding discounted cash flows over a five-year build-up period to a residual value. The assumptions for the build-up period include industry projections of overall market revenues; the start-up station’s operating costs and capital expenditures, which are based on both industry and internal data; and average market share. The discount rate is determined based on the industry and market-based risk of achieving the projected cash flows, and the residual value is calculated using a long-term growth rate, which is based on projected long-range inflation and industry projections. The impairment tests indicated that the estimated fair values of FCC licenses in two of the markets exceeded their respective carrying values by more than 20% and the fair value of the FCC license in one of the markets exceeded its carrying value of $157 million by 9%.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
For the 2021 annual test for goodwill, we elected to perform quantitative impairment tests for two reporting units, CBS Television and CBS Interactive, because of the amount of time that has elapsed since the previous quantitative tests. For CBS Television, we estimated the fair value of the reporting unit based on the present value of future cash flows (“Discounted Cash Flow Method”) and the traded or transaction values of comparable businesses (“Guideline Public Company Method”). The Discounted Cash Flow Method requires us to make various assumptions regarding the timing and amount of future cash flows, including growth rates, operating margins and capital expenditures for a projection period, plus the terminal value of the business at the end of the projection period. The assumptions about future cash flows are based on our internal forecasts of the reporting unit, which incorporates our long-term business plans and historical trends. The terminal value is estimated based on a perpetual nominal growth rate, which is based on historical and projected inflation and economic indicators, as well as industry growth projections. A discount rate is determined for the reporting unit based on the risks of achieving the future cash flows, including risks applicable to the industry and market as a whole, as well as the capital structure of comparable entities. The Guideline Public Company Method incorporates revenue and earnings multiples from publicly traded companies with operations and other characteristics similar to each reporting unit. For CBS Interactive, we estimated the fair value of the reporting unit based on the Guideline Public Company Method. Based on the results of the 2021 quantitative impairment tests, we concluded that the estimated fair value of each of the two reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values and therefore no impairment charge was required.
For the 2021 annual goodwill impairment test, we tested two reporting units as of August 31 and two reporting units as of October 31. During the fourth quarter of 2021, to better align the timing of our annual impairment date with our budgeting cycle, we changed the date for the annual impairment test to October 31 for all reporting units. As a result, those two reporting units previously tested as of August 31 were also tested as of October 31 based on a qualitative assessment resulting in no changes to the conclusion above.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following tables present the changes in the book value of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Balance at Acquisitions / Foreign Balance at
December 31, 2020 (Dispositions) Currency December 31, 2021
TV Entertainment:
Goodwill $ 17,502 $ - $ - $ 17,502
Accumulated impairment losses (13,354) - - (13,354)
Goodwill, net of impairment 4,148 - - 4,148
Cable Networks:
Goodwill 10,772 16
(44) 10,744
Accumulated impairment losses - - - -
Goodwill, net of impairment 10,772 16 (44) 10,744
Filmed Entertainment:
Goodwill 1,692 - - 1,692
Accumulated impairment losses - - - -
Goodwill, net of impairment 1,692 - - 1,692
Total:
Goodwill 29,966 16 (44) 29,938
Accumulated impairment losses (13,354) - - (13,354)
Goodwill, net of impairment $ 16,612 $ 16 $ (44) $ 16,584
Balance at Acquisitions / Foreign Balance at
December 31, 2019 (Dispositions) Currency December 31, 2020
TV Entertainment:
Goodwill $ 17,615 $ (113) (a)
$ - $ 17,502
Accumulated impairment losses (13,354) - - (13,354)
Goodwill, net of impairment 4,261 (113) - 4,148
Cable Networks:
Goodwill 10,691 28 53 10,772
Accumulated impairment losses - - - -
Goodwill, net of impairment 10,691 28 53 10,772
Filmed Entertainment:
Goodwill 1,593 99 (b)
- 1,692
Accumulated impairment losses - - - -
Goodwill, net of impairment 1,593 99 - 1,692
Total:
Goodwill 29,899 14 53 29,966
Accumulated impairment losses (13,354) - - (13,354)
Goodwill, net of impairment $ 16,545 $ 14 $ 53 $ 16,612
(a) Amount reflects the disposition of CMG.
(b) Amount relates to the acquisition of Miramax.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Our intangible assets were as follows:
Accumulated
At December 31, 2021 Gross Amortization Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Trade names $ 257 $ (140) $ 117
Licenses 140 (53) 87
Customer agreements 124 (98) 26
Other intangible assets 237 (170) 67
Total intangible assets subject to amortization 758 (461) 297
FCC licenses 2,416 - 2,416
International broadcast licenses 25 - 25
Other intangible assets 34 - 34
Total intangible assets $ 3,233 $ (461) $ 2,772
Accumulated
At December 31, 2020 Gross Amortization Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Trade names $ 249 $ (123) $ 126
Licenses 168 (50) 118
Customer agreements 120 (97) 23
Other intangible assets 251 (169) 82
Total intangible assets subject to amortization 788 (439) 349
FCC licenses 2,416 - 2,416
International broadcast licenses 27 - 27
Other intangible assets 34 - 34
Total intangible assets $ 3,265 $ (439) $ 2,826
Amortization expense was as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Amortization expense (a)
$ 46 $ 85 $ 76
(a) For 2020, amortization expense includes an impairment charge of $25 million to write down the carrying value of FCC licenses, which was recorded within the TV Entertainment segment. For 2019, amortization expense includes an impairment charge of $20 million, to reduce the carrying value of broadcast licenses in Australia to their fair value, which was recorded within the Cable Networks segment.
We expect our aggregate annual amortization expense for existing intangible assets subject to amortization for each of the years, 2022 through 2026, to be as follows:
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Future amortization expense $ 41 $ 39 $ 31 $ 27 $ 26
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
7) RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CORPORATE MATTERS
During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recorded the following costs associated with restructuring and other corporate matters.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Severance $ 65 $ 472 $ 395
Exit costs and other 35 70 23
Restructuring charges 100 542 418
Merger-related costs - 56 294
Other corporate matters - 20 57
Restructuring and other corporate matters $ 100 $ 618 $ 769
Restructuring Charges
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded restructuring charges of $100 million. These charges include $65 million of severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, primarily associated with changes in management at certain of our businesses. The charges also include $35 million for the impairment of lease assets that we determined we will not use and began actively marketing for sublease. This determination was made in connection with cost-transformation initiatives related to the Merger. The impairment is the result of a decline in market conditions since inception of these leases and reflects the difference between the estimated fair values, which were determined based on the expected discounted future cash flows of the lease assets, and the carrying values.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $542 million, associated with cost-transformation initiatives in connection with the Merger in an effort to reduce redundancies across our businesses. These charges consisted of severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, as well as costs resulting from the termination of contractual obligations and charges associated with the exit of leases.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $418 million, primarily for severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, in connection with the Merger, as well as costs related to a restructuring plan initiated in the first quarter of 2019 under which severance payments were provided to certain eligible employees who voluntarily elected to participate. These charges also included costs related to the termination of contractual obligations and charges associated with the exit of leases.
The following is a rollforward of our restructuring liability, which is recorded in “Other current liabilities” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The majority of the restructuring liability at December 31, 2021, which primarily relates to severance payments, is expected to be paid by the end of 2022.
Balance at 2021 Activity Balance at
December 31, 2020 Charges (a)
Payments Other December 31, 2021
TV Entertainment $ 112 $ 10 $ (58) $ (10) $ 54
Cable Networks 144 11 (82) (5) 68
Filmed Entertainment 30 23 (14) (5) 34
Corporate 86 1 (50) (3) 34
Total $ 372 $ 45 $ (204) $ (23) $ 190
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Balance at 2020 Activity Balance at
December 31, 2019 Charges (a)
Payments Other December 31, 2020
TV Entertainment $ 99 $ 137 $ (111) $ (13) $ 112
Cable Networks 137 179 (158) (14) 144
Filmed Entertainment 17 25 (12) - 30
Corporate 143 71 (117) (11) 86
Total $ 396 $ 412 $ (398) $ (38) $ 372
(a) For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, excludes stock-based compensation expense of $20 million and $88 million, respectively, and lease asset impairments of $35 million (recorded within the TV Entertainment segment) and $42 million (recorded across our segments and Corporate), respectively.
Merger-related Costs and Other Corporate Matters
In 2020, in addition to the above-mentioned restructuring charges, we incurred costs of $56 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of professional fees mainly associated with integration activities, as well as transaction-related bonuses. We also incurred costs of $5 million for professional fees associated with dispositions and other corporate matters, and we recorded a charge of $15 million to write down property and equipment, which was classified as held for sale in 2020, to its fair value less costs to sell.
In 2019, in addition to the above-mentioned restructuring charges, we incurred costs of $294 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of financial advisory, legal and other professional fees, transaction-related bonuses, and contractual executive compensation, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, that was triggered by the Merger. We also incurred costs of $40 million in connection with the settlement of a commercial dispute and $17 million associated with legal proceedings involving the Company (see Note 20) and other corporate matters.
8) RELATED PARTIES
National Amusements, Inc.
National Amusements, Inc. (“NAI”) is the controlling stockholder of the Company. At December 31, 2021, NAI directly or indirectly owned approximately 77.4% of our voting Class A Common Stock and approximately 9.7% of our Class A Common Stock and non-voting Class B Common Stock on a combined basis. NAI is controlled by the Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Part B General Trust (the “General Trust”), which owns 80% of the voting interest of NAI and acts by majority vote of seven voting trustees (subject to certain exceptions), including with respect to the NAI shares held by the General Trust. Shari E. Redstone, Chairperson, CEO and President of NAI and non-executive Chair of our Board of Directors, is one of the seven voting trustees for the General Trust and is one of two voting trustees who are beneficiaries of the General Trust. No member of our management or other member of our Board of Directors is a trustee of the General Trust.
Other Related Parties
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in transactions with our equity-method investees, primarily for the licensing of television and film programming. The following tables present the amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements related to these transactions.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Revenues $ 237 $ 106 $ 179
Operating expenses $ 21 $ 13 $ 14
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
At December 31, 2021 2020
Accounts receivable $ 50 $ 69
Through the normal course of business, we are involved in transactions with other related parties that have not been material in any of the periods presented.
9) REVENUES
The table below presents our revenues disaggregated into categories based on the nature of such revenues. Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, and for all comparable prior-year periods, these categories include streaming revenues, which aligns with management’s increased focus on this revenue stream. Streaming revenues are comprised of streaming advertising and streaming subscription revenues. Streaming advertising revenues are earned from advertisements on our pay and free streaming services, including Paramount+ and Pluto TV, and from digital video advertisements on our websites and in our video content on third-party platforms (“other digital video platforms”). Streaming subscription revenues include fees for our pay streaming services, including Paramount+, Showtime OTT, BET+ and Noggin, as well as premium subscriptions to access certain video content on our websites. Accordingly, our advertising and affiliate revenue categories exclude revenues earned by our streaming services and on other digital video platforms.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Revenues by Type:
Advertising (a)
$ 9,267 $ 8,333 $ 10,069
Affiliate (b)
8,394 8,023 7,893
Streaming 4,193 2,561 1,714
Theatrical 241 180 547
Licensing and other 6,491 6,188 6,775
Total Revenues $ 28,586 $ 25,285 $ 26,998
(a) Excludes streaming advertising revenues.
(b) Excludes streaming subscription revenues.
Receivables
Included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are noncurrent receivables of $1.84 billion and $2.02 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Noncurrent receivables primarily relate to revenues recognized under long-term content licensing arrangements. Revenues from the licensing of content are recognized at the beginning of the license period in which programs are made available to the licensee for exhibition, while the related cash is generally collected over the term of the license period.
Our receivables do not represent significant concentrations of credit risk at December 31, 2021 or 2020, due to the wide variety of customers, markets and geographic areas to which our products and services are sold.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities are included within “Deferred revenues” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $1.20 billion, $1.12 billion and $908 million at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recognized revenues of $877 million, $591 million, and $498 million, respectively, that were included in the opening balance of deferred revenues for the respective year.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Unrecognized Revenues Under Contract
At December 31, 2021, unrecognized revenues attributable to unsatisfied performance obligations under our long-term contracts were $6.3 billion, of which $3.8 billion is expected to be recognized in 2022, $1.4 billion in 2023, $0.7 billion in 2024, and $0.4 billion thereafter. These amounts only include contracts subject to a guaranteed fixed amount or the guaranteed minimum under variable contracts, primarily consisting of television and film licensing contracts and affiliate agreements that are subject to a fixed or guaranteed minimum fee. Such amounts change on a regular basis as we renew existing agreements or enter into new agreements. Unrecognized revenues under contracts disclosed above do not include (i) contracts with an original expected term of one year or less, mainly consisting of advertising contracts (ii) contracts for which variable consideration is determined based on the customer’s subsequent sale or usage, mainly consisting of affiliate agreements and (iii) long-term licensing agreements for multiple programs for which variable consideration is determined based on the value of the programs delivered to the customer and our right to invoice corresponds with the value delivered.
Performance Obligations Satisfied in Previous Periods
Under certain licensing arrangements, the amount and timing of our revenue recognition is determined based on our licensees’ subsequent sale to its end customers. As a result, under such arrangements, we often satisfy our performance obligation of delivery of our content in advance of revenue recognition. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recognized revenues of $424 million, $383 million, and $294 million, respectively, for licensing to distributors of transactional video-on-demand and electronic sell-through services and other arrangements for licensing of our content for which our performance obligation was satisfied in a prior period.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
10) DEBT
Our debt consists of the following:
At December 31, 2021 2020
2.250% Senior Notes due 2022
$ - $ 35
3.375% Senior Notes due 2022
- 415
3.125% Senior Notes due 2022
- 117
2.50% Senior Notes due 2023
- 196
3.25% Senior Notes due 2023
- 141
2.90% Senior Notes due 2023
- 242
4.25% Senior Notes due 2023
- 837
7.875% Debentures due 2023
139 139
7.125% Senior Notes due 2023
35 35
3.875% Senior Notes due 2024
490 490
3.70% Senior Notes due 2024
599 598
3.50% Senior Notes due 2025
597 596
4.75% Senior Notes due 2025
1,242 1,239
4.0% Senior Notes due 2026
793 791
3.45% Senior Notes due 2026
123 123
2.90% Senior Notes due 2027
692 691
3.375% Senior Notes due 2028
496 495
3.70% Senior Notes due 2028
493 492
4.20% Senior Notes due 2029
494 493
7.875% Senior Debentures due 2030
830 831
4.95% Senior Notes due 2031
1,223 1,220
4.20% Senior Notes due 2032
972 969
5.50% Senior Debentures due 2033
427 427
4.85% Senior Debentures due 2034
87 87
6.875% Senior Debentures due 2036
1,070 1,069
6.75% Senior Debentures due 2037
75 75
5.90% Senior Notes due 2040
298 298
4.50% Senior Debentures due 2042
45 45
4.85% Senior Notes due 2042
488 487
4.375% Senior Debentures due 2043
1,123 1,116
4.875% Senior Debentures due 2043
18 18
5.85% Senior Debentures due 2043
1,233 1,232
5.25% Senior Debentures due 2044
345 345
4.90% Senior Notes due 2044
540 540
4.60% Senior Notes due 2045
590 589
4.95% Senior Notes due 2050
944 942
5.875% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2057
514 514
6.25% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2057
643 643
Other bank borrowings 35 95
Obligations under finance leases 16 26
Total debt (a)
17,709 19,733
Less current portion of long-term debt
11 16
Total long-term debt, net of current portion $ 17,698 $ 19,717
(a) At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the senior and junior subordinated debt balances included (i) a net unamortized discount of $466 million and $491 million, respectively, and (ii) unamortized deferred financing costs of $95 million and $107 million, respectively. The face value of our total debt was $18.27 billion at December 31, 2021 and $20.33 billion at December 31, 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we redeemed senior notes totaling $1.99 billion, prior to maturity, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.11 billion resulting in a pre-tax loss on extinguishment of debt of $128 million.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued $4.50 billion of senior notes and used the net proceeds from these issuances for the redemption of long-term debt totaling $2.77 billion, prior to maturity, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.88 billion, as well as for general corporate purposes. The early redemption resulted in a pre-tax loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $126 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we issued $500 million of 4.20% senior notes due 2029. We used the net proceeds from this issuance in the redemption of our $600 million outstanding 2.30% senior notes due August 2019. During 2019, we also repaid the $220 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.625% senior notes due September 2019 and the $90 million aggregate principal amount of our 2.75% senior notes due December 2019.
Our 5.875% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 and 6.25% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 accrue interest at the stated fixed rates until February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2027, respectively, on which dates the rates will switch to floating rates based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.895% and 3.899%, respectively, reset quarterly. These debentures can be called by us at any time after the expiration of the fixed-rate period. In January 2022, we delivered notice that we will be calling our 5.875% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 in full on February 28, 2022.
The interest rate payable on our 3.45% senior notes due October 2026, will be subject to adjustment from time to time if Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. or S&P Global Ratings downgrades (or downgrades and subsequently upgrades) the credit rating assigned to these senior notes. The interest rate on these senior notes would increase by 0.25% upon each credit agency downgrade up to a maximum of 2.00%, and would similarly be decreased for subsequent upgrades. At December 31, 2021, the outstanding principal amount of these senior notes was $124 million.
Some of our outstanding notes and debentures provide for certain covenant packages typical for an investment grade company. There is an acceleration trigger for the majority of the notes and debentures in the event of a change in control under specified circumstances coupled with ratings downgrades due to the change in control, as well as certain optional redemption provisions for our junior debentures.
At December 31, 2021, our scheduled maturities of long-term debt at face value, excluding finance leases, and the related interest payments were as follows:
2027 and
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter
Long-term debt $ - $ 209 $ 1,092 $ 1,850 $ 924 $ 14,179
Commercial Paper
At both December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had no outstanding commercial paper borrowings.
Credit Facility
At December 31, 2021, we had a $3.50 billion revolving credit facility with a maturity in January 2025 (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility is used for general corporate purposes and to support commercial paper borrowings, if any. We may, at our option, also borrow in certain foreign currencies up to specified limits under the Credit Facility. Borrowing rates under the Credit Facility are determined at the time of each borrowing and are generally based on either the prime rate in the U.S. or an applicable benchmark rate plus a margin (based on our senior unsecured debt rating), depending on the type and tenor of the loans entered. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Credit Facility was amended to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for loans denominated in euros, sterling and yen with EURIBOR, SONIA and TIBOR-based rates, respectively, as publication of all non-USD
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
LIBOR tenors has been discontinued after December 31, 2021. The Credit Facility has one principal financial covenant that requires our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio to be less than 4.5x (which we may elect to increase to 5.0x for up to four consecutive quarters following a qualified acquisition) at the end of each quarter. The Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio reflects the ratio of our Consolidated Indebtedness at the end of a quarter, to our Consolidated EBITDA (each as defined in the amended credit agreement) for the trailing twelve-month period. We met the covenant as of December 31, 2021. On February 14, 2022, we further amended our Credit Facility to modify the definition of the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio in the amended credit agreement to allow unrestricted cash and cash equivalents to be netted against Consolidated Indebtedness through June 2024.
At December 31, 2021, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility and the remaining availability under the Credit Facility, net of outstanding letters of credit, was $3.50 billion.
Other Bank Borrowings
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had bank borrowings under Miramax’s $300 million credit facility, which matures in April 2023, of $35 million and $95 million, respectively, with a weighted average interest rate of 3.50%.
11) LEASES
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets relating to our leases.
Operating Finance
2021 2020 2021 2020
Right-of-Use Assets
Operating lease assets $ 1,630 $ 1,602 $ - $ -
Property and equipment, net $ - $ - $ 17 $ 19
Lease Liabilities
Other current liabilities $ 325 $ 306 $ - $ -
Debt - - 11 16
Operating lease liabilities 1,598 1,583 - -
Long-term debt - - 5 10
Total lease liabilities $ 1,923 $ 1,889 $ 16 $ 26
Operating Finance
2021 2020 2021 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term 8 years 8 years 2 years 2 years
Weighted average discount rate 3.4 % 4.0 % 1.5 % 4.2 %
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Lessee Contracts
We have operating leases primarily for office space, equipment, satellite transponders and studio facilities. We also have finance leases for satellite transponders and equipment. Lease costs are generally fixed, with certain contracts containing variable payments for non-lease costs based on usage and escalations in the lessors’ annual costs.
The following table presents our lease cost.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Operating lease cost (a) (b)
$ 374 $ 379 $ 382
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets 19 18 23
Interest expense on lease liabilities 1 2 3
Short-term lease cost (b) (c)
283 162 242
Variable lease cost (d)
62 58 80
Sublease income (20) (24) (31)
Total lease cost $ 719 $ 595 $ 699
(a) Includes fixed lease costs and non-lease costs (consisting of other occupancy and service costs relating to the use of an asset) associated with long-term operating leases.
(b) Includes costs capitalized in programming assets during the period for leased assets used in the production of programming.
(c) Short-term leases, which are not recorded in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, have a term of 12 months or less and exclude month-to-month leases.
(d) Primarily includes non-lease costs (consisting of other occupancy and service costs relating to the use of an asset) and costs for equipment leases that vary based on usage.
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to our leases.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in lease liabilities
Operating lease payments, included in operating cash flows $ 399 $ 385 $ 324
Finance lease payments, included in financing cash flows $ 25 $ 21 $ 27
Noncash additions to operating lease assets $ 377 $ 221 $ 387
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The expected future payments relating to our operating and finance lease liabilities at December 31, 2021 are as follows:
Leases
Operating Finance
2022 $ 388 $ 11
2023 326 5
2024 260 -
2025 243 -
2026 208 -
2027 and thereafter 807 -
Total minimum payments 2,232 16
Less amounts representing interest 309 -
Present value of minimum payments $ 1,923 $ 16
As of December 31, 2021, we had no material leases that were executed but not yet commenced.
Lessor Contracts
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recorded total lease income of $145 million, $133 million and $148 million, respectively, which relates to operating leases of our owned production facilities and office buildings. Lease payments received under these agreements consisted of fixed payments for the rental of space and certain building operating costs, as well as variable payments based on usage of production facilities and services, and escalating costs of building operations. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the sales of a production facility and an office building, and as a result our future expected fixed lease income is not material (see Note 3).
12) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying value of our financial instruments approximates fair value, except for notes and debentures. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying value of our outstanding notes and debentures was $17.66 billion and $19.61 billion, respectively, and the fair value, which is determined based on quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy) was $21.5 billion and $24.5 billion, respectively.
Investments
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had investments of $627 million and $601 million, respectively, consisting of equity-method investments and equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. These investments are included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We contributed $193 million, $59 million and $171 million to our investments during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Our equity-method investments include a 50% interest in the broadcast network, The CW, as well as interests in several international television joint ventures including a 49% interest in Viacom18, a joint venture in India which owns and operates COLORS pay television channel. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, we had $568 million and $536 million of equity-method investments. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, “Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes impairment charges of $34 million and $9 million, respectively, relating to television joint ventures.
The carrying value of our investments without a readily determinable fair value for which we have no significant
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
influence was $59 million and $65 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
For 2021, “Net gains from investments” of $47 million on the Consolidated Statement of Operations primarily includes a gain of $37 million on the sale of an investment without a readily determinable fair value and a gain of $9 million from an increase in the fair value of a marketable security, which was sold during the third quarter. For 2020, “Net gains from investments” of $206 million reflects a gain of $213 million related to an increase in the value of our investment in fuboTV, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2020, partially offset by an impairment of investments without a readily determinable fair value of $7 million. For 2019, “Net gains from investments” of $85 million reflects an unrealized gain of $113 million resulting from increases in the fair value of marketable securities, which were sold in 2020, and gains of $22 million on the sale and acquisition of joint ventures, partially offset by an impairment charge of $50 million to write down an investment to its fair value.
In February 2022, we closed on an agreement with Comcast to form a joint venture to launch SkyShowtime, a new subscription streaming service that is expected to be available in more than 20 European territories and will include premium and original content from both parent companies. The partnership, which is owned and controlled equally by us and Comcast, is accounted for under the equity method.
Foreign Exchange Contracts
We use derivative financial instruments primarily to manage our exposure to market risks from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We do not use derivative instruments unless there is an underlying exposure and, therefore, we do not hold or enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.
Foreign exchange forward contracts have principally been used to hedge projected cash flows in currencies such as the British Pound, the Euro, the Canadian Dollar and the Australian Dollar, generally for periods up to 24 months. We designate foreign exchange forward contracts used to hedge committed and forecasted foreign currency transactions as cash flow hedges. Additionally, we enter into non-designated forward contracts to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash flows.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the notional amount of all foreign currency contracts was $1.94 billion and $1.27 billion, respectively. For 2021, $1.38 billion related to future production costs and $564 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows. For 2020, $740 million related to future production costs and $529 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows.
Gains (losses) recognized on derivative financial instruments were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 Financial Statement Account
Non-designated foreign exchange contracts $ 14 $ (20) Other items, net
The fair value of our derivative instruments was not material to the Consolidated Balance Sheets for any of the periods presented.
We continually monitor our positions with, and credit quality of, the financial institutions that are counterparties to our financial instruments. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the agreements. However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
13) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Certain of our assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The table below presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020. These assets and liabilities have been categorized according to the three-level fair value hierarchy established by the FASB, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. Level 1 is based on publicly quoted prices for the asset or liability in active markets. Level 2 is based on inputs that are observable other than quoted market prices in active markets, such as quoted prices for the asset or liability in inactive markets or quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities. Level 3 is based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. All of our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis use level 2 inputs. The fair value of foreign currency hedges is determined based on the present value of future cash flows using observable inputs including foreign currency exchange rates. The fair value of deferred compensation liabilities is determined based on the fair value of the investments elected by employees.
At December 31, 2021 2020
Assets:
Foreign currency hedges $ 23 $ 20
Total Assets $ 23 $ 20
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation $ 435 $ 529
Foreign currency hedges 29 39
Total Liabilities $ 464 $ 568
14) STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
In general, the Company’s Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock have the same economic rights; however, holders of the Company’s Class B Common Stock do not have any voting rights, except as required by law. Holders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share with respect to all matters on which the holders of the Company’s Common Stock are entitled to vote.
Merger with Viacom
At the Effective Time of the Merger, (1) each share of Viacom Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares held directly by Viacom as treasury shares or held by CBS, was converted automatically into 0.59625 shares of our Class A Common Stock, and (2) each share of Viacom Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares held directly by Viacom as treasury shares or held by CBS, was converted automatically into 0.59625 shares of our Class B Common Stock, resulting in the issuance of 29 million shares of our Class A Common Stock and 211 million shares of our Class B Common Stock. At the Effective Time, each share of CBS Class A Common Stock and each share of CBS Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, remained an issued and outstanding share of our Class A Common Stock and our Class B Common Stock, respectively, and was not affected by the Merger.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Stock Offerings
On March 26, 2021, we completed offerings of 20 million shares of our Class B Common Stock at a price to the public of $85 per share and 10 million shares of 5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock at a price to the public and liquidation preference of $100 per share, resulting in an aggregate liquidation preference of $1 billion. The net proceeds from the Class B Common Stock offering and the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock offering were approximately $1.67 billion and $983 million, respectively, in each case after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses. We have used and intend to continue to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including investments in streaming.
Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock
Unless earlier converted, each share of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock will automatically and mandatorily convert on the mandatory conversion date, expected to be April 1, 2024, into between 1.0013 and 1.1765 shares of our Class B Common Stock, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The number of shares of Class B Common Stock issuable upon conversion will be determined based on the average of the volume-weighted average price per share of our Class B Common Stock over the 20 consecutive trading day period commencing on, and including, the 21st scheduled trading day immediately preceding April 1, 2024. Holders of the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock (“Holders”) have the right to convert all or any portion of their shares of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock at any time prior to April 1, 2024 at the minimum conversion rate of 1.0013 shares of our Class B Common Stock. In addition, the conversion rate applicable to such an early conversion may, in certain circumstances, be increased to compensate Holders for certain unpaid accumulated dividends. However, if a fundamental change (as defined in the Certificate of Designations governing the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock) occurs on or prior to April 1, 2024, then Holders will, in certain circumstances, be entitled to convert all or a portion of their shares of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock at an increased conversion rate for a specified period of time and receive an amount to compensate them for unpaid accumulated dividends and any remaining future scheduled dividend payments.
The Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock is not redeemable. However, at our option, we may purchase or otherwise acquire (including in an exchange transaction) the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock from time to time in the open market, by tender or exchange offer or otherwise, without the consent of, or notice to, Holders. Holders have no voting rights, with certain exceptions.
If declared, dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock are payable quarterly through April 1, 2024. Dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock accumulate from the most recent dividend payment date, and will be payable on a cumulative basis when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors, or an authorized committee thereof, at an annual rate of 5.75% of the liquidation preference of $100 per share, payable in cash or, subject to certain limitations, by delivery of shares of Class B Common Stock or through any combination of cash and shares of Class B Common Stock, at our election. If we have not declared any portion of the accumulated and unpaid dividends by April 1, 2024, the conversion rate will be adjusted so that Holders receive an additional number of shares of our Class B Common Stock, with certain limitations.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Dividends
We declared a quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B Common Stock during each of the quarters of 2021 and 2020. During each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we declared total per share dividends of $.96, resulting in total annual dividends of $625 million and $601 million, respectively. On December 19, 2019, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, resulting in total dividends of $150 million. Prior to the Merger, Viacom and CBS each declared a quarterly cash dividend during each of the first three quarters of 2019. During the first three quarters of 2019, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.54, resulting in total dividends of $205 million. During the first three quarters of 2019, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.60, resulting in total dividends of $245 million.
During each of the third and fourth quarters of 2021, we declared quarterly cash dividends of $1.4375 per share on our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock. During the second quarter of 2021, we declared a cash dividend of $1.5493 per share on our Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, representing a dividend period from March 26, 2021 through July 1, 2021. Accordingly, we recorded dividends on the Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock of $44.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Treasury Stock
At December 31, 2021, we had $2.36 billion of authorization remaining under our share repurchase program. During 2021, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. During 2020, we repurchased 1.3 million shares of our Class B Common Stock under our share repurchase program for $50 million, at an average cost of $38.63 per share. During 2019, we repurchased 1.2 million shares of our Class B Common Stock under our share repurchase program for $50 million, at an average cost of $40.78 per share.
In the Merger, all shares of Viacom Class B Common Stock held by Viacom as treasury stock were canceled and recorded to additional paid-in-capital.
Conversion Rights
Holders of Class A Common Stock have the right to convert their shares to Class B Common Stock as long as there are at least 5,000 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding. Conversions of Class A Common Stock into Class B Common Stock were 11.6 million for 2021 and 12.2 million for 2019. For 2020, conversions of Class A Common Stock into Class B Common Stock were minimal.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Continuing Operations Discontinued Operations
Net Actuarial Accumulated
Cumulative Loss and Other Other
Translation Prior Comprehensive Comprehensive
Adjustments Service Cost Income (Loss) (a)
Loss
At December 31, 2018 $ (445) $ (1,132) $ (31) $ (1,608)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 7 (205) 6 (192)
Reclassifications to net earnings - 60 (b)
- 60
Other comprehensive income (loss) 7 (145) 6 (132)
Tax effects reclassified to retained earnings - (230) (c)
- (230)
At December 31, 2019 (438) (1,507) (25) (1,970)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 135 (74) 5 66
Reclassifications to net earnings - 72 (b)
- 72
Other comprehensive income (loss) 135 (2) 5 138
At December 31, 2020 (303) (1,509) (20) (1,832)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (142) 5 (3) (140)
Reclassifications to net earnings - 70 (b)
- 70
Other comprehensive income (loss) (142) 75 (3) (70)
At December 31, 2021 $ (445) $ (1,434) $ (23) $ (1,902)
(a) Reflects cumulative translation adjustments.
(b) Reflects amortization of net actuarial losses, which for 2021 includes the accelerated recognition of a portion of the unamortized actuarial losses due to the volume of lump sum benefit payments in one of our pension plans (see Note 17), and amortization of prior service cost.
(c) Reflects the reclassification of certain income tax effects of federal tax legislation enacted in December 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”) on items within accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings upon the adoption of new FASB guidance.
The net actuarial loss and prior service cost related to pension and other postretirement benefit plans included in other comprehensive income (loss) is net of a tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 of $25 million, $1 million and $44 million, respectively.
15) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We have equity incentive plans (the “Plans”) under which stock options, RSUs and market-based performance share units (“PSUs”) are issued. The purpose of the Plans is to benefit and advance the interests of our company by attracting, retaining and motivating participants and to compensate participants for their contributions to the financial success of our company. The Plans provide for awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted shares, RSUs, dividend equivalents, performance awards and other equity-related awards. RSUs and PSUs accrue dividends each time we declare a quarterly cash dividend, which are paid upon vesting when the shares are delivered and are forfeited if the award does not vest. Upon exercise of stock options or vesting of RSUs and PSUs, we issue new shares from our existing authorization. At December 31, 2021, there were 38 million shares available for future grant under the Plans. Stock-based compensation awards were also granted under Viacom’s equity incentive plans until December 31, 2020. Upon exercise of outstanding stock options or vesting of RSUs and PSUs previously granted under Viacom’s equity incentive plans, shares may be issued from Viacom’s previous authorization or from treasury stock.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
At the Effective Time of the Merger, each RSU for Viacom Class B common stock was converted into 0.59625 RSUs for the Company’s Class B Common Stock and each outstanding stock option for Viacom Class B common stock was converted into 0.59625 options for the Company’s Class B common stock. The exercise price of stock options was adjusted by dividing the exercise price of the Viacom stock options by 0.59625. At the Effective Time of the Merger, all outstanding PSU awards for which the performance period had not been completed were converted into time-based RSUs based on the target number of shares included in the terms of the original PSU award. RSU and stock option information is presented herein as if Viacom and CBS had been combined for or all periods presented, unless otherwise noted.
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
RSUs and PSUs $ 163 $ 167 $ 169
Stock options 9 19 27
Compensation cost included in operating and SG&A expense 172 186 196
Compensation cost included in restructuring and other
corporate matters (a)
20 88 90
Stock-based compensation expense, before income taxes 192 274 286
Related tax benefit (41) (54) (58)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax benefit $ 151 $ 220 $ 228
(a) Reflects accelerations as a result of restructuring activities, as well as accelerations triggered by the Merger in 2019.
Included in net earnings from discontinued operations was stock-based compensation expense of $3 million, $10 million, and $5 million for the years 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
RSUs and PSUs
Compensation expense for RSUs is determined based upon the market price of the shares underlying the awards on the date of grant and expensed over the vesting period, which is generally a one- to four-year service period. Certain RSU awards are also subject to satisfying internal performance conditions. Compensation expense is recorded based on the probable outcome of the internal performance conditions and subsequently adjusted to the actual outcome of the performance condition. Forfeitures for RSUs are estimated on the date of grant based on historical forfeiture rates. We adjust compensation expense based on actual forfeitures and on an annual basis we revise the forfeiture rate as necessary.
During 2021 and 2020, we also granted PSU awards. The number of shares to be issued upon vesting of these PSUs is based on the total shareholder return of the Company’s Class B Common Stock measured against the companies comprising the S&P 500 Index over a designated measurement period, and for certain 2021 awards is also based on the achievement of established operating goals. The fair value of PSU awards with a market condition is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Compensation expense for PSUs is expensed over the required employee service period. The fair value of the PSU awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $3 million and $34 million, respectively. There were no PSU awards granted in 2019.
The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs and PSUs granted was $35.80, $32.35 and $41.71 in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The total market value of RSUs and PSUs that vested during 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $260 million, $222 million and $159 million, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs and PSUs at December 31, 2021 was $199 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following table summarizes our RSU and PSU share activity:
Weighted Average
Shares Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2020 14,000,630 $ 38.91
Granted 486,315 $ 35.80
Vested (6,238,540) $ 40.94
Forfeited (517,741) $ 37.91
Non-vested at December 31, 2021 7,730,664 $ 37.14
Stock Options
Compensation expense for stock options is determined based on the grant date fair value of the award calculated using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. Stock options generally vest over a three- to four-year service period and expire eight years from the date of grant. Forfeitures are estimated on the date of grant based on historical forfeiture rates. We adjust the compensation expense based on actual forfeitures.
There were no stock option grants during 2021, 2020, and 2019.
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards at December 31, 2021 was $3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.8 years.
The following table summarizes our stock option activity under the Plans.
Weighted Average
Stock Options Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 14,140,724 $ 60.72
Exercised (7,532,834) $ 55.19
Forfeited or expired (405,315) $ 115.51
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 6,202,575 $ 63.85
Exercisable at December 31, 2021 5,700,778 $ 64.78
The following table summarizes other information relating to stock option exercises during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Cash received from stock option exercises $ 408 $ 5 $ 15
Tax benefit of stock option exercises $ 29 $ 1 $ 4
Intrinsic value of stock option exercises $ 128 $ 2 $ 15
At December 31, 2021, stock options outstanding and exercisable have a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.60 years and 2.40 years, respectively. There was no intrinsic value for options outstanding and exercisable, based on our closing stock price of $30.18 at December 31, 2021.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
16) INCOME TAXES
The U.S. and foreign components of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of investee companies were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
United States $ 4,106 $ 2,353 $ 2,225
Foreign 1,100 794 998
Total $ 5,206 $ 3,147 $ 3,223
The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Current:
Federal $ 179 $ 160 $ 370
State and local 138 73 164
Foreign 239 180 202
Total current 556 413 736
Deferred:
Federal 249 146 (67)
State and local 49 42 (43)
Foreign (208) (66) (655)
Total deferred 90 122 (765)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 646 $ 535 $ (29)
In addition, included in net earnings from discontinued operations was an income tax provision of $57 million, $38 million and $32 million for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
The equity in loss of investee companies is shown net of tax on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The tax benefit relating to losses from equity investments was $49 million in 2021 and $19 million in both 2020 and 2019, which represented an effective tax rate of 35.0%, 40.4% and 26.4% for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The difference between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and the provision (benefit) for income taxes is summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Taxes on income at U.S. federal statutory rate $ 1,093 $ 661 $ 676
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit 190 116 116
Effect of foreign operations (141) (98) (49)
Noncontrolling interests (13) (52) (2)
U.K. statutory rate change (260) (100) -
Reorganization of foreign operations (a)
(229) - (768)
Bankruptcy of an investee - - (39)
Tax benefits from positions relating to the Tax Reform Act (b)
- - (44)
Merger-related costs - - 41
Excess tax (benefit) deficiency from stock-based
compensation (8) 29 20
Other, net
14 (21) 20
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 646 $ 535 $ (29)
(a) For 2021, reflects a tax benefit from the recognition of a capital loss associated with a change in the tax entity classification of a foreign subsidiary. For 2019, reflects a deferred tax benefit resulting from the transfer of intangible assets between our subsidiaries in connection with a reorganization of our international operations. The related deferred tax asset is primarily expected to be realized over a 25-year period.
(b) Reflects tax benefits realized in connection with the preparation of the 2018 federal tax return, based on further clarity provided by the United States government on tax positions relating to the Tax Reform Act.
The following table summarizes the components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities.
At December 31, 2021 2020
Deferred income tax assets:
Reserves and other accrued liabilities $ 369 $ 476
Pension, postretirement and other employee benefits 679 772
Lease liability 465 466
Tax credit and loss carryforwards 428 448
Other 23 56
Total deferred income tax assets 1,964 2,218
Valuation allowance (581) (593)
Deferred income tax assets, net 1,383 1,625
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Intangible assets (523) (460)
Unbilled licensing receivables (76) (237)
Lease asset (391) (400)
Property, equipment and other assets (171) (198)
Financing obligations (65) (71)
Other (14) (44)
Total deferred income tax liabilities (1,240) (1,410)
Deferred income tax assets, net $ 143 $ 215
In addition to the amounts reflected in the table above, included in “Assets of discontinued operations” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are net deferred income tax assets of $80 million and $93 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
At December 31, 2021, we had deferred income tax assets for federal foreign tax credit carryforwards of $40 million and net operating loss carryforwards for federal, state and local, and foreign jurisdictions of approximately $282 million, the majority of which expire in various years from 2022 through 2039.
The 2021 and 2020 deferred income tax assets were reduced by a valuation allowance of $581 million and $593 million, respectively, principally relating to income tax benefits from capital losses and net operating losses in foreign jurisdictions which are not expected to be realized.
Generally, the future remittance of foreign undistributed earnings will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes and as a result, for substantially all of our foreign subsidiaries, we do not intend to assert indefinite reinvestment of both cash held outside of the U.S. and future cash earnings. However, a future repatriation of cash could be subject to state and local income taxes, foreign income taxes, and withholding taxes. Accordingly, we recorded deferred income tax liabilities associated with future repatriations, which were not material to the consolidated financial statements. Additional income taxes have not been provided for outside basis differences inherent in these entities, which could be recognized upon sale or other transaction, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely invested in foreign operations. The determination of the U.S. federal deferred income tax liability for such outside basis difference is not practicable.
The following table sets forth the change in the reserve for uncertain tax positions, excluding related accrued interest and penalties.
At January 1, 2019 $ 446
Additions for current year tax positions 49
Additions for prior year tax positions 67
Reductions for prior year tax positions (26)
Cash settlements (149)
Statute of limitations lapses (3)
At December 31, 2019 384
Additions for current year tax positions 15
Additions for prior year tax positions 18
Reductions for prior year tax positions (34)
Cash settlements (2)
Statute of limitations lapses (9)
Reclassification to deferred income tax liability (64)
At December 31, 2020 308
Additions for current year tax positions 23
Additions for prior year tax positions 32
Reductions for prior year tax positions (45)
Cash settlements (6)
Statute of limitations lapses (11)
At December 31, 2021 $ 301
The reserve for uncertain tax positions of $301 million at December 31, 2021 includes $271 million which would affect our effective income tax rate, including discontinued operations, if and when recognized in future years. We recognized interest and penalties of $14 million, $16 million and $24 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we have recorded liabilities for accrued interest and penalties of $56 million and $57 million, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and various state and local and foreign jurisdictions. For periods prior to the Merger, Viacom and CBS filed separate tax returns. For CBS, we are currently under examination by the IRS for the 2017 and 2018 tax years. For Viacom, the Company and the IRS settled the income tax audit for the 2014 and 2015 tax years during the second quarter of 2021. The IRS commenced its examination of Viacom’s 2016 through 2019 tax years in November 2021. Various tax years are also currently under examination by state and local and foreign tax authorities. With respect to open tax years in all jurisdictions, we currently do not believe that it is reasonably possible that the reserve for uncertain tax positions will significantly change within the next 12 months; however, it is difficult to predict the final outcome or timing of resolution of any particular tax matter and events could cause our current expectation to change in the future.
17) PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries sponsor qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans, principally non-contributory, covering eligible employees. Our pension plans consist of both funded and unfunded plans. The majority of participants in these plans are retired employees or former employees of previously divested businesses. In November 2020, our remaining defined benefit pension plans subject to benefit accruals, which were sponsored by CBS prior to the Merger, were amended to freeze future benefit accruals and benefits were enhanced under defined contribution plans that were previously sponsored by CBS, both of which are effective January 1, 2021. As a result of the pension plan amendments, a curtailment gain of $79 million associated with the elimination of benefit accruals for future services of the impacted employees was reflected in unrecognized actuarial loss included within “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the year ended December 31, 2020. Plan benefits are based primarily on an employee’s years of service and pay for each year that the employee participated in the plan. We fund our pension plans in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), the Pension Protection Act of 2006, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and other applicable law, rules and regulations. Plan assets consist principally of corporate bonds, equity securities, common collective trust funds, U.S. government securities and short-term investments. The Company’s Common Stock represented approximately 1.5% and 1.8% of the fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
In addition, the Company sponsors health and welfare plans that provide postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retired employees and their covered dependents. Eligibility is based in part on certain age and service requirements at the time of their retirement. Most of the plans are contributory and contain cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance which are adjusted annually, as well as caps on the annual dollar amount we will contribute toward the cost of coverage. Claims and premiums for which we are responsible are paid with our own funds.
The pension plan disclosures herein include information related to our domestic pension and postretirement benefit plans only, unless otherwise noted. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Consolidated Balance Sheets also include a liability of $53 million and $77 million, respectively, in “Pension and postretirement benefit obligations” relating to our non-U.S. pension plans and certain other retirement severance plans.
We use a December 31 measurement date for all pension and other postretirement benefit plans.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following table sets forth the change in benefit obligation for our pension and postretirement benefit plans.
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
2021 2020 2021 2020
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation, beginning of year $ 5,162 $ 4,963 $ 322 $ 360
Service cost - 30 1 2
Interest cost 145 164 8 11
Actuarial (gain) loss (45) 408 (18) (8)
Curtailment gain - (79) - -
Benefits paid (320) (324) (46) (58)
Settlements paid (33) - - -
Participants’ contributions - - 5 12
Retiree Medicare drug subsidy - - 4 3
Benefit obligation, end of year $ 4,909 $ 5,162 $ 276 $ 322
The actuarial gain of $45 million, included in the change in benefit obligation for pension benefits in 2021, was driven by a 30 basis point increase in the discount rate from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021.
The following table sets forth the change in plan assets for our pension and postretirement benefit plans.
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
2021 2020 2021 2020
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year $ 3,347 $ 3,176 $ - $ -
Actual return on plan assets 116 429 - -
Employer contributions 81 66 37 43
Benefits paid (320) (324) (46) (58)
Settlements paid (33) - - -
Participants’ contributions - - 5 12
Retiree Medicare drug subsidy - - 4 3
Fair value of plan assets, end of year $ 3,191 $ 3,347 $ - $ -
The funded status of pension and postretirement benefit obligations and the related amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
At December 31, 2021 2020 2021 2020
Funded status at end of year $ (1,718) $ (1,815) $ (276) $ (322)
Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Other assets $ 7 $ 7 $ - $ -
Current liabilities (73) (85) (35) (38)
Noncurrent liabilities (1,652) (1,737) (241) (284)
Net amounts recognized $ (1,718) $ (1,815) $ (276) $ (322)
Our qualified pension plans were underfunded by $655 million and $712 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
The following amounts were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
At December 31, 2021 2020 2021 2020
Net actuarial (loss) gain $ (2,068) $ (2,144) $ 143 $ 140
Net prior service cost (1) (1) - -
Share of equity investee (1) (2) - -
(2,070) (2,147) 143 140
Deferred income taxes 541 560 (14) (13)
Net amount recognized in accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss)
$ (1,529) $ (1,587) $ 129 $ 127
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $4.91 billion and $5.16 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Information for the pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is set forth below.
At December 31, 2021 2020
Projected benefit obligation $ 4,908 $ 5,161
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 4,908 $ 5,161
Fair value of plan assets $ 3,184 $ 3,340
The following tables present the components of net periodic benefit cost and amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019
Components of net periodic cost:
Service cost $ - $ 30 $ 28 $ 1 $ 2 $ 1
Interest cost 145 164 191 8 11 16
Expected return on plan assets (188) (194) (183) - - -
Amortization of actuarial losses (gains) 93 103 94 (15) (15) (18)
Amortization of prior service cost - 2 1 - 1 1
Settlements (a)
10 - - - - -
Net periodic cost (b)
$ 60 $ 105 $ 131 $ (6) $ (1) $ -
(a) Reflects the accelerated recognition of a portion of the unamortized actuarial losses due to the volume of lump sum benefit payments in one of our pension plans.
(b) Includes amounts reflected in net earnings from discontinued operations of $3 million for 2021, $5 million for 2020 and $6 million for 2019.
The service cost component of net periodic cost is presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations within operating income. All other components of net periodic cost are presented below operating income, in “Other items, net.”
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Actuarial (loss) gain $ (27) $ (173) $ (246) $ 18 $ 8 $ (9)
Share of equity investee 1 - - - - -
Curtailment gain - 79 - - - -
Settlements 10 - - - - -
Amortization of actuarial losses (gains) 93 103 94 (15) (15) (18)
Amortization of prior service cost - 2 1 - 1 1
77 11 (151) 3 (6) (26)
Deferred income taxes (19) (3) 37 (1) 1 5
Recognized in other comprehensive income
(loss), net of tax $ 58 $ 8 $ (114) $ 2 $ (5) $ (21)
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
Discount rate 3.2 % 2.9 % 3.5 % 3.0 % 2.6 % 3.3 %
Rate of compensation increase - % - % 3.0 % N/A N/A N/A
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic costs for the year ended December 31:
Discount rate 2.9 % 3.4 % 4.5 % 2.6 % 3.3 % 4.4 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets 5.9 % 6.4 % 6.6 % N/A N/A N/A
Cash balance interest crediting rate 5.0 % 5.0 % 5.0 % N/A N/A N/A
Rate of compensation increase - % 3.0 % 3.0 % N/A N/A N/A
N/A - not applicable
The discount rates are determined primarily based on the yield of a portfolio of high quality bonds, providing cash flows necessary to meet the pension plans’ expected future benefit payments, as determined for the projected benefit obligations. The expected return on plan assets assumption is derived using the current and expected asset allocation of the pension plan assets and considering historical as well as expected returns on various classes of plan assets.
The following additional assumptions were used in accounting for postretirement benefits.
2021 2020
Projected health care cost trend rate (pre-65) 7.0 % 6.6 %
Projected health care cost trend rate (post-65) 7.0 % 6.6 %
Ultimate trend rate 5.0 % 5.0 %
Year ultimate trend rate is achieved 2030 2025
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Plan Assets
The ViacomCBS Investments Committee (the “Committee”) determines the strategy for the investment of pension plan assets. The Committee establishes target asset allocations for our pension plan trusts based upon an analysis of the timing and amount of projected benefit payments, projected company contributions, the expected returns and risk of the asset classes and the correlation of those returns. The target asset allocation for the Company’s domestic pension plans is to invest between 60% - 68% in liability hedging assets, 22% - 30% in equity securities, 3% - 10% in real estate and real assets and the remainder in cash, cash equivalents and other investments. At December 31, 2021, the trusts were invested approximately 60% in liability hedging assets, 29% in equity securities, 7% in real estate and real assets, and the remainder in cash, cash equivalents and other investments. Liability hedging assets consist of a diversified portfolio of fixed income instruments that are substantially investment grade, with a duration that approximates the duration of the liabilities covered by the trust. All equity portfolios are diversified between U.S. and non-U.S. equities and include large and small capitalization equities. The asset allocations are reviewed regularly.
The following tables set forth our pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020. These assets have been categorized according to the three-level fair value hierarchy established by the FASB which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. See Note 13 for a description of the levels within this hierarchy. There are no investments categorized as Level 3.
At December 31, 2021 Level 1 Level 2 Total
Cash and cash equivalents (a) (b)
$ 83 $ 5 $ 88
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury securities 164 - 164
Government-related securities - 175 175
Corporate bonds (c)
- 1,448 1,448
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities - 76 76
Equity securities:
U.S. large capitalization 72 - 72
U.S. small capitalization 81 - 81
Other - 14 14
Total assets in fair value hierarchy $ 400 $ 1,718 $ 2,118
Common collective funds measured at net asset value (d) (e)
1,013
Limited partnerships measured at net asset value (d)
Mutual funds measured at net asset value (d)
Investments, at fair value $ 3,191
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
At December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Total
Cash and cash equivalents (a)
$ 8 $ - $ 8
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury securities 78 - 78
Government-related securities - 167 167
Corporate bonds (c)
- 1,634 1,634
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities - 56 56
Equity securities:
U.S. large capitalization 82 - 82
U.S. small capitalization 79 - 79
Other - 30 30
Total assets in fair value hierarchy $ 247 $ 1,887 $ 2,134
Common collective funds measured at net asset value (d) (e)
1,149
Limited partnerships measured at net asset value (d)
Mutual funds measured at net asset value (d)
Investments, at fair value $ 3,347
(a) Assets categorized as Level 2 reflect investments in money market funds.
(b) On January 3, 2022, the trust that held the assets of the Viacom pension plan was merged into the trust that holds the assets of the remainder of ViacomCBS' domestic plans. As part of this merger, certain of the transferred assets were liquidated, which resulted in a higher level of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2021.
(c) Securities of diverse sectors and industries, substantially all investment grade.
(d) In accordance with FASB guidance investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(e) Underlying investments consist mainly of U.S. large capitalization and international equity securities.
Money market investments are carried at amortized cost which approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these investments. Investments in equity securities are reported at fair value based on quoted market prices on national security exchanges. The fair value of investments in common collective funds and mutual funds is determined using the net asset value (“NAV”) provided by the administrator of the fund as a practical expedient. The NAV is determined by each fund’s trustee based upon the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, less liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding units. The fair value of U.S. treasury securities is determined based on quoted market prices in active markets. The fair value of government related securities and corporate bonds is determined based on quoted market prices on national security exchanges, when available, or using valuation models which incorporate certain other observable inputs including recent trading activity for comparable securities and broker quoted prices. The fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities is based upon valuation models which incorporate available dealer quotes, projected cash flows and market information. The fair value of limited partnerships has been estimated using the NAV of the ownership interest. The NAV is determined using quarterly financial statements issued by the partnership which determine the value based on the fair value of the underlying investments.
Future Benefit Payments
Estimated future benefit payments are as follows:
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027-2031
Pension $ 322 $ 317 $ 315 $ 314 $ 312 $ 1,455
Postretirement $ 40 $ 37 $ 34 $ 31 $ 29 $ 108
Retiree Medicare drug subsidy $ 5 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 18
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
In 2022, we expect to make no contributions to our qualified pension plans for minimum funding requirements under ERISA and $74 million to our non-qualified pension plans to satisfy benefit payments due under these plans. Also in 2022, we expect to contribute approximately $40 million to our other postretirement benefit plans to satisfy our portion of benefit payments due under these plans.
Multiemployer Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees including talent, writers, directors, producers and other employees, primarily in the entertainment industry. The other employers participating in these multiemployer plans are primarily in the entertainment and other related industries. The risks of participating in multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans as assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers and if a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers. In addition, if we choose to stop participating in some of its multiemployer plans we may be required to pay those plans a withdrawal liability based on the underfunded status of the plan.
The financial health of a multiemployer plan is indicated by the zone status, as defined by the Pension Protection Act of 2006. Plans in the red zone are in critical status; those in the yellow zone are in endangered status; and those in the green zone are neither critical nor endangered.
The table below presents information concerning our participation in multiemployer defined benefit pension plans.
Employer Identification Number/Pension Plan Number Pension
Protection Act Company Contributions Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement
Zone Status (a)
Pension Plan 2021 2020 2021 2020 2019
AFTRA Retirement Plan (b)
13-6414972-001 Green Green $ 17 $ 13 $ 12 6/30/2023
Directors Guild of America - Producer 95-2892780-001 Green Green 23 16 19 6/30/2023
Producer-Writers Guild of America 95-2216351-001 Green Green 26 22 26 5/1/2023
Screen Actors Guild - Producers 95-2110997-001 Green Green 45 24 43 6/30/2023
Motion Picture Industry 95-1810805-001 Green Green 66 35 43 (c)
I.A.T.S.E. Local No. 33 Pension Trust Fund 95-6377503-001 Green Green 10 3 5 12/31/2022
Other Plans 16 7 16
Total contributions $ 203 $ 120 $ 164
(a) The zone status for each individual plan listed was certified by each plan’s actuary as of the beginning of the plan years for 2021 and 2020. The plan year is the twelve months ending December 31 for each plan listed above except AFTRA Retirement Plan which has a plan year ending November 30.
(b) The Company was listed in AFTRA Retirement Plan’s Form 5500 as providing more than 5% of total contributions for the plan year ended November 30, 2020.
(c) The expiration dates range from May 15, 2021 through March 2, 2022.
As a result of the above noted zone status there were no funding improvements or rehabilitation plans implemented, as defined by ERISA, nor any surcharges imposed for any of the individual plans listed.
We also contribute to multiemployer plans that provide postretirement healthcare and other benefits to certain employees under collective bargaining agreements. The contributions to these plans were $184 million, $95 million and $89 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We recognize the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
net periodic cost for multiemployer pension and postretirement benefit plans based on the required contributions to the plans.
Defined Contribution Plans
We sponsor defined contribution plans for the benefit of substantially all employees meeting eligibility requirements. Employer contributions to such plans were $106 million, $91 million and $95 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
18) REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
We are subject to a redeemable put option, payable in a foreign currency, with respect to an international subsidiary. The put option expires in December 2022 and is classified as “Redeemable noncontrolling interest” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The activity reflected within redeemable noncontrolling interest for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is presented below.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Beginning balance $ 197 $ 254 $ 239
Net earnings 14 11 14
Distributions (5) (15) (16)
Translation adjustment (5) 7 8
Redemption value adjustment (94) (60) 9
Ending balance $ 107 $ 197 $ 254
19) SEGMENT INFORMATION
The following tables set forth our financial performance by reportable segment. Our operating segments, which are the same as our reportable segments, have been determined in accordance with our internal management structure, which is organized based upon products and services. Beginning in 2022, primarily as a result of our increased strategic focus on our direct-to-consumer businesses, we made certain changes to how we manage our businesses and allocate resources that resulted in a change to our operating segments (see Note 1).
In the first quarter of 2021, we began separately presenting streaming revenues in the categories we use to disaggregate our revenues (see Note 9).
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Revenues:
Advertising $ 5,377 $ 4,639 $ 5,649
Affiliate 2,803 2,614 2,208
Streaming 1,551 911 701
Licensing and other 3,200 2,536 3,366
TV Entertainment 12,931 10,700 11,924
Advertising 3,907 3,721 4,483
Affiliate 5,591 5,409 5,685
Streaming 2,642 1,650 1,013
Licensing and other 2,060 1,809 1,268
Cable Networks 14,200 12,589 12,449
Theatrical 241 180 547
Licensing and other 2,829 2,382 2,443
Filmed Entertainment 3,070 2,562 2,990
Eliminations/Corporate (a)
(1,615) (566) (365)
Total Revenues $ 28,586 $ 25,285 $ 26,998
(a) In 2019, the elimination of intercompany revenues was partially offset by ancillary revenues recorded by our corporate operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues generated between segments are principally from the licensing of Filmed Entertainment and Cable Networks content to Paramount+ and licensing of Filmed Entertainment and TV Entertainment content to Cable Networks. These transactions are recorded at market value as if the sales were to third parties and are eliminated in consolidation. Revenues earned from the licensing of content within segments, including licensing to Paramount+ within the TV Entertainment segment, are eliminated within the segment. Intercompany revenues associated with the licensing of programming to Paramount+ after the initial exhibition on our broadcast or cable networks are recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement and eliminated in consolidation.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Intercompany Revenues:
TV Entertainment $ 348 $ 285 $ 226
Cable Networks 625 79 53
Filmed Entertainment 642 202 117
Total Intercompany Revenues $ 1,615 $ 566 $ 396
We present operating income excluding depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, costs for restructuring and other corporate matters, programming charges and net gain on sales, each where applicable (“Adjusted OIBDA”), as the primary measure of profit and loss for our operating segments in accordance with FASB guidance for segment reporting since it is the primary method used by our management. Stock-based compensation is excluded from our segment measure of profit and loss because it is set and approved by our Board of Directors in consultation with corporate executive management.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Adjusted OIBDA:
TV Entertainment $ 1,083 $ 1,857 $ 2,443
Cable Networks 3,747 3,746 3,515
Filmed Entertainment 368 215 80
Corporate/Eliminations (582) (500) (449)
Stock-based compensation (172) (186) (196)
Depreciation and amortization (390) (430) (438)
Restructuring and other corporate matters (100) (618) (769)
Programming charges - (159) (589)
Net gain on sales 2,343 214 549
Operating income 6,297 4,139 4,146
Interest expense (986) (1,031) (962)
Interest income 53 60 66
Net gains from investments 47 206 85
Loss on extinguishment of debt (128) (126) -
Other items, net (77) (101) (112)
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and
equity in loss of investee companies
5,206 3,147 3,223
(Provision) benefit for income taxes (646) (535) 29
Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax (91) (28) (53)
Net earnings from continuing operations 4,469 2,584 3,199
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax 162 117 140
Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) 4,631 2,701 3,339
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (88) (279) (31)
Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS $ 4,543 $ 2,422 $ 3,308
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Depreciation and Amortization:
TV Entertainment $ 126 $ 162 $ 150
Cable Networks 191 205 219
Filmed Entertainment 38 36 37
Corporate 35 27 32
Total Depreciation and Amortization $ 390 $ 430 $ 438
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Capital Expenditures:
TV Entertainment $ 98 $ 112 $ 113
Cable Networks 138 110 166
Filmed Entertainment 34 37 43
Corporate 84 65 23
Total Capital Expenditures $ 354 $ 324 $ 345
At December 31, 2021 2020
Assets:
TV Entertainment $ 20,719 $ 19,443
Cable Networks 24,515 23,139
Filmed Entertainment 6,942 6,440
Corporate/Eliminations 4,884 2,202
Discontinued Operations 1,560 1,439
Total Assets $ 58,620 $ 52,663
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Revenues: (a)
United States $ 23,320 $ 20,690 $ 21,449
International 5,266 4,595 5,549
Total Revenues $ 28,586 $ 25,285 $ 26,998
(a) Revenue classifications are based on customers’ locations.
At December 31, 2021 2020
Long-lived Assets: (a)
United States $ 16,075 $ 13,435
International 897 785
Total Long-lived Assets $ 16,972 $ 14,220
(a) Reflects total assets less current assets, investments, goodwill, intangible assets, noncurrent receivables and noncurrent deferred tax assets.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
20) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
Our commitments not recorded on the balance sheet primarily consist of programming and talent commitments and purchase obligations for goods and services resulting from our normal course of business.
Our programming and talent commitments, estimated to aggregate $32.63 billion as of December 31, 2021, include $28.40 billion for sports programming rights and $4.23 billion relating to the production and licensing of television and film programming, including talent contracts. We also have committed purchase obligations which include agreements to purchase goods or services in the future that totaled $1.38 billion as of December 31, 2021.
Other long-term contractual obligations recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet include program liabilities, participations, residuals, and a tax liability resulting from the enactment of the Tax Reform Act in December 2017. This tax liability reflects the remaining tax on the Company’s historical accumulated foreign earnings and profits, which is payable to the IRS in 2024 and 2025.
At December 31, 2021, commitments for programming and talent and purchase obligations not recorded on the balance sheet, and other long-term contractual obligations recorded on the balance sheet were payable as follows:
Payments Due by Period
2027 and
Total 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Programming and talent commitments $ 32,634 $ 3,032 $ 3,442 $ 3,094 $ 2,498 $ 2,429 $ 18,139
Purchase obligations $ 1,384 $ 468 $ 453 $ 253 $ 129 $ 19 $ 62
On-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other long-term contractual obligations $ 1,823 $ - $ 867 $ 478 $ 354 $ 117 $ 7
We also have long-term operating and finance lease commitments for office space, equipment, transponders and studio facilities, which are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021. See Note 11 for details of our operating and finance lease commitments.
Guarantees
Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds. We have indemnification obligations with respect to letters of credit and surety bonds primarily used as security against non-performance in the normal course of business. At December 31, 2021, the outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds approximated $176 million and were not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
CBS Television City. In connection with the sale of CBS Television City in 2019, we guaranteed a specified level of cash flows to be generated by the business during the first five years following the completion of the sale. Included in “Other current liabilities” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021 is a liability of $76 million, reflecting the present value of the remaining estimated amount payable under the guarantee obligation.
Lease Guarantees. We have certain indemnification obligations with respect to leases primarily associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players. These lease commitments amounted to $50 million as of December 31, 2021, and are presented within “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
amount of lease commitments varies over time depending on the expiration or termination of individual underlying leases, or the related indemnification obligation, and foreign exchange rates, among other things. We may also have exposure for certain other expenses related to the leases, such as property taxes and common area maintenance. We believe our accrual is sufficient to meet any future obligations based on our consideration of available financial information, the lessees’ historical performance in meeting their lease obligations and the underlying economic factors impacting the lessees’ business models.
In the course of our business, we both provide and receive indemnities which are intended to allocate certain risks associated with business transactions. Similarly, we may remain contingently liable for various obligations of a business that has been divested in the event that a third party does not live up to its obligations under an indemnification obligation. We record a liability for our indemnification obligations and other contingent liabilities when probable and reasonably estimable.
Legal Matters
General
On an ongoing basis, we vigorously defend ourselves in numerous lawsuits and proceedings and respond to various investigations and inquiries from federal, state, local and international authorities (collectively, “litigation’’). Litigation may be brought against us without merit, is inherently uncertain and always difficult to predict. However, based on our understanding and evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances, we believe that the following matters are not likely, in the aggregate, to result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Litigation Relating to the Merger
Beginning on February 20, 2020, three purported CBS stockholders filed separate derivative and/or putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On March 31, 2020, the Court consolidated the three lawsuits and appointed Bucks County Employees’ Retirement Fund and International Union of Operating Engineers of Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware as co-lead plaintiffs for the consolidated action. On April 14, 2020, the lead plaintiffs filed a Verified Consolidated Class Action and Derivative Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against Shari E. Redstone, NAI, Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Trust, members of the CBS Board of Directors (comprised of Candace K. Beinecke, Barbara M. Byrne, Gary L. Countryman, Brian Goldner, Linda M. Griego, Robert N. Klieger, Martha L. Minow, Susan Schuman, Frederick O. Terrell and Strauss Zelnick), former CBS President and Acting Chief Executive Officer Joseph Ianniello and the Company as nominal defendant. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to CBS stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 13, 2019, as amended on October 16, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Complaint also alleges waste and unjust enrichment in connection with Mr. Ianniello’s compensation. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On June 5, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On January 27, 2021, the Court dismissed one disclosure claim, while allowing all other claims against the defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims is proceeding. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously.
Beginning on November 25, 2019, four purported Viacom stockholders filed separate putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On January 23, 2020, the Court consolidated the four lawsuits. On February 6, 2020, the Court appointed California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”) as lead plaintiff for the consolidated action. On February 28, 2020, CalPERS, together with Park Employees’ and Retirement Board Employees’ Annuity and Benefit Fund of Chicago and Louis M. Wilen, filed a First Amended Verified Class Action Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against NAI, NAI
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Entertainment Holdings LLC, Shari E. Redstone, the members of the special transaction committee of the Viacom Board of Directors (comprised of Thomas J. May, Judith A. McHale, Ronald L. Nelson and Nicole Seligman) and our President and Chief Executive Officer and director, Robert M. Bakish. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to Viacom stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Merger Agreement. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On May 22, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On December 29, 2020, the Court dismissed the claims against Mr. Bakish, while allowing the claims against the remaining defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims is proceeding. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously.
Investigation-Related Matters
As announced on August 1, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors retained two law firms to conduct a full investigation of the allegations in press reports about CBS’ former Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, Leslie Moonves, CBS News and cultural issues at CBS. On December 17, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors announced the completion of its investigation, certain findings of the investigation and the CBS Board of Directors’ determination, with respect to the termination of Mr. Moonves’ employment. We have received subpoenas or requests for information from the New York County District Attorney’s Office, the New York City Commission on Human Rights, the New York State Attorney General’s Office and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission regarding the subject matter of this investigation and related matters, including with respect to CBS’ related public disclosures. We may continue to receive additional related regulatory and investigative inquiries from these and other entities in the future. We are cooperating with these inquiries.
On August 27, 2018 and on October 1, 2018, Gene Samit and John Lantz, respectively, filed putative class action lawsuits in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated, for claims that are similar to those alleged in the amended complaint described below. On November 6, 2018, the Court entered an order consolidating the two actions. On November 30, 2018, the Court appointed Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California as the lead plaintiff of the consolidated action. On February 11, 2019, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended putative class action complaint against CBS, certain current and former senior executives and members of the CBS Board of Directors. The consolidated action is stated to be on behalf of purchasers of CBS Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock between September 26, 2016 and December 4, 2018. This action seeks to recover damages arising during this time period allegedly caused by the defendants’ purported violations of the federal securities laws, including by allegedly making materially false and misleading statements or failing to disclose material information, and seeks costs and expenses as well as remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. On April 12, 2019, the defendants filed motions to dismiss this action, which the Court granted in part and denied in part on January 15, 2020. With the exception of one statement made by Mr. Moonves at an industry event in November 2017, in which he allegedly was acting as the agent of CBS, all claims as to all other allegedly false and misleading statements were dismissed. We have reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle the lawsuit. The settlement, which will include no admission of liability or wrongdoing by the Company, will be subject to court approval. All amounts payable by the Company under the settlement will be paid by the Company’s insurers.
Litigation Related to Television Station Owners
On September 9, 2019, the Company was added as a defendant in a multi-district putative class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The lawsuit was filed by parties that claim to have purchased broadcast television spot advertising beginning on or about January 1, 2014 on television stations owned by one or more of the defendant television station owners and alleges the sharing of allegedly
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VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
competitively sensitive information among such television stations in alleged violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The action, which names the Company among fourteen total defendants, seeks monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest as well as injunctions against the allegedly unlawful conduct. On October 8, 2019, the Company and other defendants filed a motion to dismiss the matter, which was denied by the court on November 6, 2020. We have reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle the lawsuit. The settlement, which will include no admission of liability or wrongdoing by the Company, will be subject to court approval.
Litigation Related to Stock Offerings
On August 13, 2021, Camelot Event Driven Fund filed a putative securities class action lawsuit in New York Supreme Court, County of New York, and on November 5, 2021, an amended complaint was filed that, among other changes, added an additional named plaintiff (the “Complaint”). The Complaint is purportedly on behalf of investors who purchased shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock and 5.75% Series A Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock pursuant to public securities offerings completed in March 2021, and was filed against the Company, certain senior executives, members of our Board of Directors, and the underwriters involved in the offerings. The Complaint asserts violations of federal securities law and alleges that the offering documents contained material misstatements and omissions, including through an alleged failure to adequately disclose certain total return swap transactions involving Archegos Capital Management referenced to our securities and related alleged risks to the Company’s stock price. On December 22, 2021, the plaintiffs filed a stipulation seeking the voluntary dismissal without prejudice of the outside director defendants from the lawsuit, which the Court subsequently ordered. On the same date, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the lawsuit, which are pending. The Complaint seeks unspecified compensatory damages, as well as other relief. We believe that the claims are without merit and intend to defend against them vigorously.
Litigation Related to the Proposed Sale of Simon & Schuster
On November 2, 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to block our sale of the Simon & Schuster business to Penguin Random House (the “Transaction”) pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”), dated November 24, 2020, between the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, Penguin Random House and Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA. The DOJ asserts that the sale of Simon & Schuster would reduce competition for the acquisition of titles. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and covenants, including commitments on the part of Penguin Random House to take all necessary steps to obtain any required regulatory approvals and to defend any litigation that would delay or prevent consummation, and also provides for a termination fee payable to the Company in certain circumstances in the event the Transaction does not close for regulatory reasons. We and the other defendants believe the DOJ’s claims are without merit, and we intend to defend against them vigorously.
Claims Related to Former Businesses: Asbestos
We are a defendant in lawsuits claiming various personal injuries related to asbestos and other materials, which allegedly occurred as a result of exposure caused by various products manufactured by Westinghouse, a predecessor, generally prior to the early 1970s. Westinghouse was neither a producer nor a manufacturer of asbestos. We are typically named as one of a large number of defendants in both state and federal cases. In the majority of asbestos lawsuits, the plaintiffs have not identified which of our products is the basis of a claim. Claims against us in which a product has been identified most commonly relate to allegations of exposure to asbestos-containing insulating material used in conjunction with turbines and electrical equipment.
Claims are frequently filed and/or settled in groups, which may make the amount and timing of settlements, and the number of pending claims, subject to significant fluctuation from period to period. We do not report as
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
pending those claims on inactive, stayed, deferred or similar dockets that some jurisdictions have established for claimants who allege minimal or no impairment. As of December 31, 2021, we had pending approximately 27,770 asbestos claims, as compared with approximately 30,710 as of December 31, 2020 and 30,950 as of December 31, 2019. During 2021, we received approximately 3,050 new claims and closed or moved to an inactive docket approximately 5,990 claims. We report claims as closed when we become aware that a dismissal order has been entered by a court or when we have reached agreement with the claimants on the material terms of a settlement. Settlement costs depend on the seriousness of the injuries that form the basis of the claims, the quality of evidence supporting the claims and other factors. Our total costs for the years 2021 and 2020 for settlement and defense of asbestos claims after insurance recoveries and net of tax were approximately $63 million and $35 million, respectively. Our costs for settlement and defense of asbestos claims may vary year to year and insurance proceeds are not always recovered in the same period as the insured portion of the expenses.
Filings include claims for individuals suffering from mesothelioma, a rare cancer, the risk of which is allegedly increased by exposure to asbestos; lung cancer, a cancer which may be caused by various factors, one of which is alleged to be asbestos exposure; other cancers, and conditions that are substantially less serious, including claims brought on behalf of individuals who are asymptomatic as to an allegedly asbestos-related disease. The predominant number of pending claims against us are non-cancer claims. It is difficult to predict future asbestos liabilities, as events and circumstances may impact the estimate of our asbestos liabilities, including, among others, the number and types of claims and average cost to resolve such claims. We record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We believe that our accrual and insurance are sufficient to cover our asbestos liabilities. Our liability estimate is based upon many factors, including the number of outstanding claims, estimated average cost per claim, the breakdown of claims by disease type, historic claim filings, costs per claim of resolution and the filing of new claims, as well as consultation with a third party firm on trends that may impact our future asbestos liability.
Other
From time to time we receive claims from federal and state environmental regulatory agencies and other entities asserting that we are or may be liable for environmental cleanup costs and related damages principally relating to our historical and predecessor operations. In addition, from time to time we receive personal injury claims including toxic tort and product liability claims (other than asbestos) arising from our historical operations and predecessors.
21) SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table presents the components of Other items, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Pension and postretirement benefit costs $ (43) $ (69) $ (99)
Foreign exchange losses (26) (35) (18)
Pension settlement charge (a)
(10) - -
Other 2 3 5
Other items, net $ (77) $ (101) $ (112)
(a) Reflects the accelerated recognition of a portion of the unamortized actuarial losses due to the volume of lump sum benefit payments in one of our pension plans.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019
Cash paid for interest $ 970 $ 965 $ 922
Cash paid for income taxes:
Continuing operations $ 291 $ 411 $ 560
Discontinued operations 43 55 38
Total cash paid for income taxes $ 334 $ 466 $ 598
Variable Interest Entities
In the normal course of business, we enter into joint ventures or make investments with business partners that support our underlying business strategy and provide us the ability to enter new markets to expand the reach of our brands, develop new programming and/or distribute our existing content. In certain instances, an entity in which we make an investment may qualify as a VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we assess whether we have the power to direct matters that most significantly impact the activities of the VIE and have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The following tables present the amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements related to our consolidated VIEs.
At December 31, 2021 2020
Total assets $ 1,578 $ 1,385
Total liabilities $ 184 $ 197
Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 (b)
Revenues (a)
$ 576 $ 705
Operating income (a)
$ 43 $ 498
(a) Revenues and operating income from our consolidated VIEs were not significant for 2019.
(b) The revenue and operating income include the licensing of the streaming rights to South Park by a consolidated 51%-owned VIE in 2020.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures.
Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)) were effective, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act. No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting and the report of our independent registered public accounting firm thereon are set forth in Item 8, on pages II-38 and II-39, of this report.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B.
Other Information.
On February 14, 2022, we entered into an amendment to our amended credit agreement to modify the definition of consolidated total leverage ratio therein to allow unrestricted cash and cash equivalents to be netted against consolidated indebtedness through June 2024.
For more information on the amendment, see the full text of the amendment, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 10(hh) to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by this item with respect to the Company’s directors will be contained in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) under the headings “Our Board of Directors” and “Item 1 - Election of Directors,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this item with respect to the Company’s executive officers is contained in Part I of this Form 10-K under the caption “Our Executive Officers.”

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11.
Executive Compensation.
The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Our Board of Directors,” “Director Compensation,” “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Compensation Committee Report,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Related Person Transactions” and “Our Board of Directors,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Fees for Services Provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
III-1
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)
1. Financial Statements.
The financial statements of ViacomCBS filed as part of this report on Form 10-K are listed on the Index on page II-37.
2. Financial Statement Schedules.
The financial statement schedule required to be filed by Item 8 of this Form 10-K is listed on the Index on page II-37.
3. Exhibits.
The exhibits listed in Item 15(b) of this Part IV are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K. The Index to Exhibits begins on page E-1.
(b)Exhibits.
The exhibits listed in Item 15(b) of this Part IV are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K. The Index to Exhibits begins on page E-1.