EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 39899
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 39899_10-K_2021_0000039899-21-000008.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1.BUSINESS
Our Business Overview
We are an innovative media company serving the greater good of our communities. Across platforms, we tell empowering stories, conduct impactful investigations and deliver innovative marketing services. With 64 television stations and two radio stations in 51 U.S. markets, we are the largest owner of top four network affiliates in the top 25 markets among independent station groups, reaching approximately 39% of U.S. television households. We also own leading multicast networks True Crime Network and Quest. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms they use to consume news content. We have been consistently honored with the industry’s top awards, including Edward R. Murrow, Alfred I. DuPont-Columbia and Emmy Awards. Through TEGNA Marketing Solutions (TMS), our integrated sales and back-end fulfillment operations, we deliver results for advertisers across television, digital and over-the-top (OTT) platforms, including Premion, our OTT advertising network.
Over the past several years, we have transformed our company to become a pure-play broadcasting company, adding more than 40 stations in attractive markets and divesting non-core assets. In 2019, we completed four strategic acquisitions for a total purchase price of approximately $1.5 billion which enhanced our geographic diversity and bolstered our portfolio of Big Four stations while positioning our company to take full advantage of emerging viewing trends. We now operate one of the largest U.S. broadcasting groups, and are a leading local news and media content provider in the markets we serve. As a result of this strategic evolution, we have increased revenue and cash flow, reduced economic cyclicality, and continue to be well-positioned to benefit from additional industry consolidation.
COVID-19 Pandemic
During fiscal year 2020 and continuing into 2021, the world has been, and continues to be, impacted by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges and widespread economic and social change throughout the United States. At the same time, this past year demonstrated the strength and resiliency of our business and core strategy, and illustrated the meaningful role we play in keeping our local communities safe and informed. This year more than ever TEGNA stations’ local news broadcasts have been a trusted and critical source of information for our communities. TEGNA stations reported essential information about the pandemic and its local impact, using experts to explain medical and scientific data to our audiences, in addition to providing the latest information about how to stay safe including local distribution plans for COVID-19 vaccines. TEGNA stations also were a trusted resource in helping viewers deal with the impacts of the pandemic, providing information on relief efforts and how to apply for government programs.
In response to the pandemic, federal and state governments in the United States instituted a wide variety of mitigating control measures, including mandatory quarantines, closures of non-essential businesses and all other places of social interaction, while implementing “shelter in place” orders and travel restrictions in an effort to slow the spread of the virus. While some of these measures have been lifted or relaxed in certain state and local governments, other jurisdictions have seen increases in new COVID-19 cases resulting in restrictions being reinstated, or new restrictions imposed. These variations in COVID-19 mitigating measures began negatively impacting our advertising and marketing services (AMS) revenue stream in mid-March 2020 as demand for non-political advertising softened. However, overall advertising demand improved during the year for non-political advertising as steps toward re-opening were implemented and as federal government stimulus programs were enacted. In late 2020, vaccines for combating COVID-19 were approved in the United States and began to be administered. However, initial quantities of the vaccines are limited and vaccine distributions are controlled by local authorities.
The impact of COVID-19 and the extent of its adverse impact on our financial and operating results will be dictated by the length of time that the pandemic continues to affect our advertising customers. This will depend on future pandemic related developments, including the duration of the pandemic, any potential subsequent waves of COVID-19 virus, the effectiveness, distribution and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, and related U.S. government actions to prevent and manage the virus spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted.
Our Operating Structure
We have one operating and reportable segment which generated revenues of $2.9 billion in 2020. The primary sources of our revenues are: 1) subscription revenues, reflecting fees paid by satellite, cable, OTT (companies that deliver video content to consumers over the Internet) and telecommunications providers to carry our television signals on their systems; 2) advertising & marketing services revenues, which include local and national non-political television advertising, digital marketing services (including Premion), and advertising on stations’ websites and tablet and mobile products; 3) political advertising revenues, which are driven by even-year election cycles at the local and national level (e.g. 2020, 2018) and particularly in the second half of those years; and 4) other services, such as production of programming and advertising material.
The advertising revenues generated by a station’s local news programs make up a significant part of its total advertising revenues. Advertising pricing is influenced by demand for advertising time. This demand is influenced by a variety of factors,
including the size and demographics of the local populations, the concentration of businesses, local economic conditions, and the popularity or ratings of the station’s programming. Almost all national advertising is placed through our centralized internal national sales force, while local advertising time is sold by each station’s own local sales force.
Our portfolio of “Big 4” NBC, CBS, ABC and FOX stations operate under long-term network affiliation agreements. Generally, a network provides programs to its affiliated television stations and the network sells commercial advertising for certain of the available advertising spots within the network programs, while our television stations sell the remaining available commercial advertising spots. Our television stations also produce local programming such as news, sports, weather, and entertainment.
Broadcast affiliates and their network partners continue to have the broadest appeal in terms of household viewership, viewing time and audience reach. The overall reach of events such as the Olympics and NFL Football, along with our extensive local news and non-news programming, continues to surpass the reach in viewership of individual cable channels. Our ratings and reach are driven by the quality of programs we and our network partners produce and by the strong local connections we have to our communities, which gives us a unique position among the numerous program choices viewers have, regardless of platform.
As illustrated in the table below, our business continues to evolve toward growing recurring and highly profitable revenue streams, driven by the increasing concentration of both political and subscription revenue streams. As a result of the growing importance of even-year political advertising on our results, management increasingly looks at revenue trends over two-year periods. High margin-subscription and political revenues account for approximately half of our total two-year revenue, a trend that began in 2019, and are expected to comprise an increasingly larger percentage on a rolling two-year cycle thereafter.
Combined Two Year Period
2019 - 2020 2018 - 2019
Advertising & Marketing Services 46 % 52 %
Subscription 44 % } 53% 41 % } 47%
Political 9 % 6 %
Other 1 % 1 %
Total revenues 100 % 100 %
Our Strategy
Our highly qualified Board of Directors is actively engaged and regularly reviews, guides and oversees the development and implementation of our long-term strategic plan. Our Board of Directors and management team are committed to executing on the following five-pillar strategy designed to create shareholder value.
1.Continue to be a best-in-class operator;
2.Aggressive yet disciplined pursuit of accretive M&A opportunities, including adjacent businesses and technologies;
3.Pursuing growth opportunities through organic innovation, such as Premion, our best in class OTT advertising service;
4.Maintaining a strong balance sheet; and
5.Commitment to strong free cash flow generation and optimized capital allocation process.
1. Continue to be a best-in-class operator:
Grow subscription revenue. Subscription revenue has steadily increased in the last several years, better reflecting the value of the content that our business provides. Pursuant to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules, every three years a local television station must elect to either (1) require cable and/or direct broadcast satellite operators to carry the station’s signal or (2) require such cable and satellite operators to negotiate retransmission consent agreements to secure carriage. At present, we have retransmission consent agreements with almost all cable operators, telecommunications and satellite providers in our television stations’ markets for carriage of those stations. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we renewed our multi-year distribution agreements with several major cable providers representing approximately 35% of our paid subscribers at leading Big Four affiliate rates. These renewed agreements provide additional transparency and predictability into the expected future growth of our subscription revenues.
Our scale and strength in local content have contributed to our ability to grow our subscription revenue beyond traditional multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) into the growing OTT or streaming space. Migrating our content onto OTT platforms allows us to reach an additional demographic of newer viewers that consume content online rather than via traditional television platforms, enabling us to expand our subscription revenues and deliver advertising products to a broader viewing audience.
We have OTT distribution deals with major network partners and streaming services such as Hulu, YouTube TV and AT&T TV, permitting them to carry our stations’ content. Because our stations predominantly serve large markets that are pivotal to the success of companies offering platforms in the OTT space, our distribution agreements with these partners and streaming services contain financial terms similar to those in our more traditional distribution agreements with cable and satellite operators.
Affiliation agreements. We are the largest independent owner of NBC affiliated stations and second largest independent owner of CBS affiliated stations (based on TV homes reached as reported by Nielsen, September 26, 2020). During 2020, we successfully executed multi-year renewal of our affiliation agreement with NBC (extended to early 2024). In 2019, we executed multi-year renewals with CBS (extended through 2022), ABC (extended through 2023), and Fox (extended through 2022).
2020 Political cycle. As a result of our 2019 acquisitions (discussed below), we have strategically expanded our portfolio to include additional key political markets which enabled us to benefit from record political advertising in 2020. Our broadcasting assets, paired with Premion, offer political campaigns the ability to reach voters across the country, not just in our TEGNA television markets. Political advertising has proven to be a strong, dependable revenue stream that was less influenced by the negative impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic had on our economy. We believe we are well-positioned for political revenues in even years to come.
Improve the value we bring to advertisers. We provide our clients with data-driven integrated marketing services, using a holistic approach that puts their advertising dollars to work in the channels that make the most sense for them, regardless of the platform. We continue to expand market share in our marketing services business through our sales transformation efforts, including innovations like our centralized 360-degree marketing services agency, and a well-trained, solutions-oriented salesforce. We are also pursuing new technology initiatives that make television advertising easier to buy and are using data analytics to provide insights on consumer traffic and purchasing decisions to advertisers.
Cost initiatives. We have implemented several significant cost-reduction initiatives and are in the process of implementing additional such initiatives. These efforts include implementation of shared service support centers for all back-office support functions, completion of company-wide financial systems consolidation in mid-2020, and automation of sales support processes as well as other key traffic monitoring functions.
In order to mitigate the near-term impact on non-political advertising demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented additional cost saving measures in the first and second quarters of 2020 to reduce operating expenses and capital expenditures. These measures included implementing temporary one-week furloughs during the second quarter of 2020 for most personnel, reducing compensation for executives and our board of directors, and reducing non-critical discretionary spending.
2. Aggressive yet disciplined pursuit of accretive M&A opportunities, including adjacent businesses and technologies:
Our strong balance sheet and cash flow generation enables us to opportunistically grow the business through accretive acquisitions. Since 2013, we have acquired more than 40 stations and transformed into a pure-play broadcast company with a robust portfolio. In 2019, we identified and executed on significant M&A opportunities with clear and achievable synergies, closing on four important acquisitions encompassing 15 television stations and two radio stations. We now own 64 television stations in 51 markets with a concentration of Big Four stations in large, demographically growing markets, and an emphasis on important political markets. In addition, in 2019, we completed the acquisition of multicast networks Justice Network (which has since been rebranded as True Crime Network) and Quest from Cooper Media. True Crime Network and Quest are two leading multicast networks that offer unique ad-supported programming. True Crime Network’s content is focused on true-crime genre, while Quest features factual-entertainment programs such as science, history, and adventure-reality series.
While the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic effects curtailed M&A activity in 2020, we continue to identify and evaluate all opportunities, including adjacent businesses and technologies, to add value for our shareholders via accretive acquisitions. In early 2021, we announced the acquisition of Locked On Podcast Network, a leading and innovative podcast network for local sports. Locked On produces daily shows for every team across the four major professional sports leagues, as well as more than 30 college sports programs. Locked On will expand TEGNA’s presence in the quickly growing podcast market, joining digital content studio VAULT Studios (discussed further below) and stations’ podcasting efforts, and build on TEGNA’s overall sports footprint. Locked On publishes more than 600 podcast episodes each week, generating eight million listens a month. Its podcasts were downloaded more than 80 million times in 2020.
3. Pursuing growth opportunities through organic innovation such as Premion, our best in class OTT advertising service:
Continue to innovate in our content offerings to our consumers. Our trusted, local content is the driver of our success across all distribution channels and is a key ingredient that powers our current and future revenues. Our scale has allowed us to invest in comprehensive content and digital innovation initiatives. Our focus on data-driven editorial processes, new storytelling formats, and unique visual presentations across all our platforms are helping us to advance our goal of making our content the consumers’ first choice, regardless of platform.
In 2020, we continued significant efforts to embrace change, transform our content and connect with audiences in unique and powerful ways. Our culture encourages and embraces bold thinking and ideas from across the company. We are creating unique, live and original content in news and non-news time periods to meet changing viewer habits. In an on-demand OTT world, live, locally-relevant content is becoming increasingly important, and we are acting on that trend. We have continued to make wholesale transformations of our local news operations. We have invested in true digital-first newsrooms, leveraging analytics to better serve audiences and clients on-air and via mobile devices.
We are recognized for both our journalistic excellence and for our innovation in reinventing local journalism in the digital age. In 2020, TEGNA was named Multiplatform Broadcaster of the Year by Broadcasting+Cable, a leading industry publication, for excellence across television, digital and OTT platforms. TEGNA stations also received 88 Regional Edward R. Murrow Awards for excellence in broadcast journalism, more than any other local broadcast television group. We had 29 TEGNA stations receive Regional Murrow Awards, including eight for overall excellence, the highest honor awarded. Five TEGNA stations won for excellence in innovation, which awards innovations that “enhance the quality of journalism and the audience’s understanding of news.” In addition, TEGNA’s commitment to transform local news in the digital age resulted in 10 awards inspired by TEGNA’s dedicated innovation process, while TEGNA also won 11 awards for excellence in multimedia or social media. Our WFAA station in Dallas, Texas, was honored for “VERIFY Road Trip: Climate Truth,” which took a climate change skeptic on a journey through Texas and Alaska to meet experts and witness first-hand the effects of global warming.
Our most innovative ideas frequently come from our employees who take active part in generating new ideas and pilots through a recurring, structured process. This has resulted in the creation of new digital-first episodic investigations; multiplatform news fact-checking segments like “VERIFY”; unique local news programs; and the launch in 2019 of an in-house digital production and distribution studio, VAULT Studios. VAULT Studios leverages our stations’ robust archives of investigative stories and has quickly gained a reputation as a premier podcast studio for fans of true crime. Several VAULT Studios productions have been among the top 10 true crime podcasts on the Apple Podcasts app in 2020.
We produce the daily live, multi-platform syndicated news and entertainment program “Daily Blast LIVE” (or DBL) out of KUSA in Denver. Now in its fourth year, “Daily Blast LIVE” is carried in all TEGNA markets and in select non-TEGNA markets, together covering 48% of U.S. markets, up from 43% in the show’s third year. “Daily Blast LIVE” is a true multi-platform play, broadcast across linear TV, digital and social media. The program is live 5 days a week, 50 weeks a year and streams 4.5 hours of trending news each day on YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Twitch DBL.com, the DBL app and TEGNA’s stations apps on Roku.
In July 2020, we announced the rebranding of Justice Network to True Crime Network and the launch of our first streaming service, capitalizing on the rapidly growing over-the-air and OTT television viewing platforms. The True Crime Network streaming app is available on Roku, Amazon Fire TV and Apple TV, via mobile and tablet on iOS and Android devices, Chromecast, and on the web. True Crime Network offers a unique entertainment experience for true crime fans, integrating the 24/7 multicast network with a free, on-demand streaming service and high-quality true crime podcasts from TEGNA’s VAULT Studios. True Crime Network’s on-demand streaming service is dedicated exclusively to true crime content and programming. The service includes free, ad-supported on-demand episodes across mobile and connected television apps. With hundreds of hours of on-demand content from the network’s library, True Crime Network also features original programs developed from TEGNA stations’ vast library of true crime and investigative content.
Increase engagement across all platforms. Through websites, mobile and OTT apps we extend our local brands reaching almost 70 million unique visitors per month. As the consumption of content on digital platforms increases, we have continued to make investments in developing new ways of connecting with local audiences and enhancing our digital capabilities. In 2020, this included initiatives focused on expanding our digital footprint across TEGNA-owned and third-party digital and OTT platforms; the continued development of new consumer products that enhance the viewer experience or generate revenue, and greater integration of user-generated content to drive audience engagement and add a hyperlocal layer to our news coverage.
•Expanded digital footprint: The COVID-19 pandemic generated increased demand for fact-checking to combat the proliferation of misinformation. In response, stations’ VERIFY fact-checking reporting was expanded across all platforms, and in August TEGNA launched VERIFY on Snapchat’s Discover platform, reaching a new and younger audience among Snapchat’s approximately 90 million daily active users in North America. VERIFY episodes have received a robust following since launching on Snapchat, with approximately 169,000 subscribers and 8.3 million unique viewers (through February 2021). More than 50% of VERIFY’s audience on Snapchat is under the age of 25, broadening our reach with younger news consumers.
•Developing and enhancing consumer products: In 2020, we completed an update of our stations’ OTT streaming apps on Roku, enhancing the experience for viewers. In December, we began rolling out OTT streaming apps for our stations on Amazon Fire TV. With the rollout on Amazon Fire TV, TEGNA stations’ local news and other programming is available to consumers on the two dominant OTT streaming media players, which comprise 70% of the U.S. market. TEGNA’s OTT station apps offer streaming viewers free, ad-supported access to live news and the most recent news broadcasts, breaking news and weather forecasts, in addition to VERIFY fact-checking reports and our live entertainment program, Daily Blast LIVE.
•User-generated content: During the pandemic, TEGNA scaled its user-generated content platform to allow viewers to simultaneously text questions, photos and video directly to their local TEGNA station, allowing our news teams to communicate with viewers, solicit feedback, keeping them better informed across all platforms and devices. TEGNA also launched Near Me, a hyperlocal mobile app feature that allows audience members to share photos and videos and see the latest news in their communities from both local stations and neighbors. This proved especially useful in Minneapolis during the George Floyd protests, as users could see what was happening around them during the protests and upload their own content. It has also been a central part of TEGNA station’s coverage of hurricanes, wildfires and other major news events taking place in our markets. These innovations are helping us forge closer relationships with our audience and better serve them with relevant information that’s happening in their neighborhoods TEGNA stations now receive more than 100,000 text messages per month from viewers.
In late 2016, we launched Premion, the industry’s first local advertising network for over-the-top streaming and connected TV platforms. Premion is a one-stop-shop for local, regional and national brands to place advertising in premium, brand safe long-form programs across streaming devices, smart TVs and web browsers. With directly-sourced inventory from 125+ branded networks, high quality inventory, advanced targeting and performance insights, Premion is a highly desirable and effective way for advertisers to reach a highly-engaged streaming audience of so-called cord cutters, cord nevers and cord stackers in a targeted manner, and has enabled us to expand our revenue base and to reach new markets. Our large, local salesforce is leveraging relationships with local and regional advertisers to sell Premion inventory to deliver scale and measurable outcomes at the local level. Premion continues to deliver strong revenue growth, up more than 40% in 2020 compared to 2019, with revenue of more than $145 million in 2020. We expect Premion to have similar percentage growth in 2021.
On March 2, 2020, we sold a minority ownership interest in Premion for $14.0 million to an affiliate of Gray Television (Gray). In connection with that transaction, Premion and Gray entered into a commercial arrangement under which Gray resells Premion services across all of Gray’s 93 television markets. Our TEGNA stations and Gray each have the right to independently sell Premion’s inventory in markets where we both operate a local television station. With this additional sales channel, our combined TEGNA, Gray and Premion direct sales force reaches OTT viewers in more than 70% of the U.S. households.
Invest in new growth initiatives. We are further diversifying our revenue base by investing in new business models that leverage our strong assets and scale.
•Intelligent Ad Automation. Premion has been our first investment in intelligent ad automation. Premion has partnered with MadHive (one of our strategic equity investments) to create a technology platform to aggregate inventory from OTT providers and then resell the inventory to local and regional advertisers leveraging our salesforce.
In addition to Premion, we are a member of the Television Interfaces Practices consortium of broadcasters driving standardization and interconnectivity of the automation of national spot advertising. Our centralized pricing resources are enabling stations to more effectively price their advertising inventory to maximize share. New attribution technologies are enabling our advertisers to better understand the impact their advertising has on consumer traffic and purchasing. The creation in 2019 of a new, integrated in-house national salesforce has evolved the way we serve our national customers and enables us to expand those relationships.
•Dynamic Ad Insertion. During 2020, we made significant investments to build out our Dynamic Ad Insertion capabilities in our top 25 TV markets. Dynamic Ad Insertion enables our stations to better monetize linear television content that is distributed across various digital platforms, such as NewsOn, Roku, and other OTT applications. It provides us with data driven targeted advertising that is incremental to the traditional linear advertising. We plan to continue to expand our capabilities to the rest of our TEGNA markets in 2021.
•Performance Marketing. We are a leading provider of digital marketing services for advertisers. In 2020, we continued our investments in attribution across linear television and OTT, renewing and expanding our agreement with Alphonso to enable local advertisers to better understand the value and effectiveness of their local TV and OTT ad campaigns. The new multi-year partnership includes all of Premion and enables TEGNA’s local ad sellers to provide clients with granular measurement and attribution for linear TV and OTT campaigns.
•NextGen TV (ATSC 3.0). In 2017, the FCC began the process of issuing rules that would permit television stations to broadcast in the new ATSC 3.0 broadcast transmissions standard, which will allow broadcasters to enhance their existing transmission services with a new standardized system that will allow us to compete directly with Internet protocols. This new standard will allow us to support higher 4K high dynamic range resolution, higher frame rate, mobile, second screen experiences, 3D audio, virtual reality, advanced advertising and other exciting enhancements to the viewing experience. The technology enables encryption and content protection that will allow broadcasters for the first time to protect their signal and to employ paywalls on certain content streams, subject to the requirement to continue broadcasting at least one stream of free over-the-air video programming. During 2018 and 2019, we worked with other broadcasters as part of the Pearl consortium’s ongoing pilot testing of the new standard in Phoenix, Arizona. In 2020, several large TEGNA markets made the transition to NextGen TV, including Portland, OR, Tampa, FL, Seattle, WA and Denver, CO, and we expect further markets to transition in 2021.
4. Maintaining a strong balance sheet:
Our balance sheet combined with our strong, accelerating and recurring cash flows provide us the ability to pursue the path that offers the most attractive return on capital. We have a broad set of capital deployment opportunities, including retiring debt to create additional future flexibility; investing in original, relevant and engaging content; investing in growth businesses like Premion; and pursuing value accretive acquisition-related growth.
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had far-reaching material adverse impacts on many aspects of our operations, directly and indirectly, including our employees, consumer behavior, distribution of our content, our vendors, and the overall market. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with regard to the broader advertising industry, remains uncertain and is evolving. We have taken a number of precautionary measures to mitigate the financial impact of the pandemic, and minimize the resultant risks to our company, employees, our shareholders, customers, and the communities in which we serve. Such measures included refinancing $538 million of debt with original maturities in either 2021 or 2024 which were extended out to 2026. In addition, we amended our revolving credit facility on June 11, 2020 to extend the initial step-down of the maximum permitted total leverage ratio by 15 months. Under the amendment our maximum leverage ratio covenant will remain at 5.50x until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022.
We will continue to review potential opportunities in a disciplined manner, both strategically and financially. In the near-term, our priorities continue to be maintaining a strong balance sheet, enabling organic growth, acquiring attractively priced strategic assets and returning capital to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases.
5. Commitment to free cash flow generation and a balanced capital allocation process:
Our operations have historically generated strong cash flow which, along with availability under our existing $1.5 billion revolving credit facility, have been sufficient to fund our capital expenditures, interest expense, dividends, investments in new products and initiatives, as well as to fund acquisitions, including the 2019 acquisitions discussed above.
Our ability to generate strong operating cash flow from operations, including $805.1 million in 2020, has enabled us to continue to de-lever following the 2019 acquisitions while continuing to pay a quarterly dividend of $0.07 per share. Our net leverage ratio as of December 31, 2020 is 3.95x of Adjusted EBITDA (see definition of this non-GAAP financial metric in Item 7), down from 4.92x as of the December 31, 2019 measurement.
In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the renewal of our share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. The program was previously suspended on March 20, 2019 simultaneously with the announcement of our acquisition of the Nexstar-Tribune divestiture stations to prioritize use of cash flow for debt repayment associated with those acquisitions. The renewal of the share repurchase program reflects the reduction of leverage ratio to pre-acquisition levels, as well as demonstrates the Board’s and management’s confidence in the business and continued focus on making prudent, disciplined decisions intended to drive near and long-term shareholder value. Our capital allocation decisions focus on optimizing investments in organic and inorganic growth opportunities, paying down debt, issuing dividends, and repurchasing shares.
In addition, we have effectively deployed capital through divestitures, which help fund our growth. Our Board and management team continually assess the financial productivity of assets within our portfolio in the context of our strategy and operations. As a result, we have realized proceeds of approximately $300 million from the sale of non-core assets since 2017. These proceeds, together with cash distributions received from investments, have helped to provide a funding source for both strategic acquisitions and investments in organic growth drivers such as Premion.
Our Competition
The proliferation of high-speed broadband to the home and phone has significantly increased competition in the video marketplace in the last decade. Today, mobile broadband covers the U.S., and a vast majority of Americans own devices that can access mobile broadband with numbers continuing to grow. Similarly, fixed, wired broadband to the home also covers a majority of the United States and is also growing.
With the rise of 5G and unlimited data plans, every screen or mobile phone is now capable of displaying video programming of the sort previously reserved to television. These video consumption patterns are no longer restricted to younger consumers. With the onset of ubiquitous high-speed Internet service has come an explosion of platforms and applications with video advertising capabilities that consumers have adopted. These include large players like YouTube and Facebook, and a long tail of mobile applications and services that consumers value with more being added every week.
Our company strives to capture as large a viewing audience as possible for each of our broadcast stations, as the number of viewers who watch our stations in each Designated Market Area (DMA) has a direct impact on our ability to maximize both of our major revenue streams: advertising marketing services revenue and subscription revenue.
As noted above, we compete for audience share as part of an increasingly varied and competitive media landscape. We compete for advertising revenue with other platforms for television advertising media, including other broadcast stations and cable providers. We also compete against both traditional and new forms of media that offer paid advertising, including radio, newspapers, magazines, direct mail, online video, and social media. Major competitors in this space include cable providers Comcast and Charter, as well as Internet platforms Google, Facebook, and YouTube. Advertisements on these digital platforms look like traditional television ads and compete with over-the-air broadcast ads in the local ad market.
With respect to subscription revenue, we compete to capture a share of the total amount MVPDs are willing to pay for the rights to distribute linear TV content to their subscribers. The larger our audience share, the more appealing our programming is to the MVPDs and the more they will be willing to pay for the right to distribute it. We compete for this revenue against other broadcast stations and cable networks.
The advertising industry is dynamic and rapidly evolving. Through their websites, our stations compete in the local electronic media space, which includes the Internet or Internet-enabled devices, handheld wireless devices such as mobile phones and tablets, social media platforms, digital spectrum opportunities and OTT video services. In this space, we compete for audience and advertising revenue against other local media companies, Internet advertising giants such as Google and Facebook, as well as the fragmented landscape of digital ad agencies. The technology that enables consumers to receive news and information continues to evolve as does our digital strategy.
Our Regulatory Environment
Our television and radio stations are operated under the authority of the FCC, the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (Communications Act), and the rules and policies of the FCC (FCC regulations). As a result, our stations are subject to a variety of obligations, such as restrictions on the broadcast of material deemed “indecent” or “profane,” requirements to provide or pass through closed captioning for most programming, rules requiring the public disclosure of certain information about our stations’ operations, and the obligation to offer programming responsive to the needs and interests of our stations’ communities. The FCC may alter or add to these requirements, and any such changes may affect the performance of our business. Certain significant elements of the FCC’s current regulatory framework for broadcast television are described in further detail below.
Licensing. Television and radio broadcast licenses generally are granted for eight-year periods. They are renewable upon application to the FCC and usually are renewed except in rare cases in which a petition to deny, a complaint or an adverse finding as to the licensee’s qualifications results in loss of the license. We believe that our stations operate in substantial compliance with the Communications Act and FCC regulations.
Local Broadcast Ownership Restrictions. FCC regulations limit the concentration of broadcasting control and regulate network and local programming practices. The FCC is required by statute to review these rules and regulations every four years. In November 2017, the FCC adopted an order altering its regulations governing media ownership, generally making these regulations less restrictive. For example, the order eliminated the newspaper/broadcast cross-ownership rule, which generally prohibited an entity from holding an ownership interest in a daily print newspaper and a full-power broadcast station within the same market, and the television/radio cross-ownership rule, which imposed a number of limits on the ability to own television and radio stations in the same market. The order also made common ownership of two television stations in the same market permissible in more markets so long as at least one of the commonly owned stations is not among the top four rated stations in the market at the time of acquisition, and provided for case-by-case consideration of transactions that would result in new or continued common ownership of two top four rated stations in a market. The FCC’s November 2017 ownership order also eliminated a rule making certain television joint advertising sales agreements (JSAs) attributable in calculating compliance with the ownership limits. TEGNA is not currently party to any JSAs.
Various parties, including cable operators and other advocates for more stringent broadcast ownership restrictions, opposed the changes adopted in the FCC’s November 2017 order and challenged the order in court. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit vacated and remanded the FCC’s November 2017 order effective as of November 29, 2019, thus reinstating as of that date the FCC’s broadcast ownership rules in effect immediately prior to the November 2017 order. The U.S. Supreme Court granted petitions by the FCC and broadcasters to review the Third Circuit’s decision. Oral arguments in the case were held on January 19, 2021; the Supreme Court is expected to rule on the case by the end of June 2021.
The FCC requires the disclosure of shared services agreements (SSAs) in stations’ online public inspection files, though these agreements generally are not deemed to be attributable ownership interests. The FCC defines SSAs broadly to include a wide range of agreements between separately owned stations, including news sharing agreements and other agreements involving “station-related services.” We are party to an SSA under which our television station in Toledo, WTOL, provides certain services (not including advertising sales) to another Toledo television station owned by a third party. We are party to several other agreements involving the limited sharing of certain equipment and resources; some of these agreements may qualify as SSAs subject to disclosure.
National Broadcast Ownership Restrictions. The Communications Act includes a national ownership cap for broadcast television stations that prohibits any one person or entity from having, in the aggregate, market reach of more than 39% of all U.S. television households. FCC regulations permit stations to discount the market reach of stations that broadcast on UHF
channels by 50% (the UHF discount). In December 2017, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comments on whether it can or should modify or eliminate the national ownership cap and/or the UHF discount. Our 64 television stations reach approximately 32.2% of U.S. television households when the UHF discount is applied and approximately 39.3% without the UHF discount.
Retransmission Consent. As permitted by the Communications Act and FCC rules, we require cable and satellite operators to negotiate retransmission consent agreements to retransmit our television stations’ signals. Under the applicable statutory provisions and FCC rules, such negotiations must be conducted in “good faith.” FCC rules also provide stations with certain protections against cable and satellite operators importing duplicating network or syndicated programming broadcast by distant stations. Pay-TV interests and other parties continue to advocate for the FCC to alter or eliminate various aspects of the rules governing retransmission consent negotiations and stations’ exclusivity rights. In addition, some pay-TV operators recently have invested in or otherwise coordinated with an online service called Locast, which asserts that it may lawfully retransmit broadcast television signals over the Internet within the applicable stations’ Nielsen DMAs - without the originating stations’ consent - under a federal Copyright Act provision that permits nonprofit organizations to retransmit broadcast television signals under certain limited circumstances. A lawsuit filed on July 31, 2019 by the Big Four television networks, among others, alleges that Locast’s service does not qualify for the claimed exemption and therefore constitutes copyright infringement. That lawsuit is pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. If changes to the retransmission consent and/or exclusivity rules were adopted, and/or if services such as Locast were determined to be lawful, such developments could give cable and satellite operators leverage against broadcasters in retransmission consent negotiations, which could possibly adversely impact our revenue from retransmission and advertising.
Post-Incentive Auction Repacking. In April 2017, the FCC announced the completion of a voluntary incentive auction to reallocate certain spectrum then occupied by television broadcast stations to mobile wireless broadband services, along with a related “repacking” of the television spectrum for remaining television stations. None of our stations relinquished any spectrum rights as a result of the auction. Stations in eighteen of our markets (including one station we acquired post-repack in 2020) were repacked to new channels. All of our repacked stations have completed their transitions to their new channels.
The legislation authorizing the incentive auction and repacking established a $1.75 billion fund for reimbursement of costs incurred by stations required to change channels in the repacking. Subsequent legislation enacted on March 23, 2018, appropriated an additional $1 billion for the repacking fund, of which up to $750 million may be made available to repacked full power and Class A television stations and multichannel video programming distributors. Other funds are earmarked to assist affected low power television stations, television translator stations, and FM radio stations, as well for consumer education efforts. On October 7, 2020, the FCC announced that all final invoices and supporting documentation for reimbursement requests will be due no later than (1) October 8, 2021, for full power and Class A TV stations that transitioned in Phase 5 or earlier; (2) March 22, 2022, for full power and Class A TV stations that transitioned in Phase 6 or later; and (3) September 5, 2022, for all other entities entitled to seek repacking-related reimbursements (including low power television stations and television translator stations). By law, the repacking reimbursement program will end July 3, 2023, at which point any remaining unobligated funds will be returned to the U.S. Treasury.
A majority of our capital expenditures in connection with the repack occurred in 2018 and 2019. To date, we have incurred approximately $42.0 million in capital expenditures for the spectrum repack project. We have received FCC reimbursements of approximately $37.6 million through December 31, 2020. We expect to receive reimbursements for the remaining $4.4 million of our spend upon completion of the FCC’s reimbursement review process.
NextGen TV (ATSC 3.0). In November 2017, the FCC adopted an order authorizing broadcast television stations to voluntarily transition to a new technical standard, called Next Generation TV or ATSC 3.0. The new standard makes possible a variety of benefits for both broadcasters and viewers, including better sound and picture quality, hyper-localized programming including news and weather, enhanced emergency alerts, improved mobile reception, the use of targeted advertising, and more efficient use of spectrum, potentially allowing for more multicast streams to be aired on the same 6 megahertz channel. However, ATSC 3.0 is not backwards compatible with existing television equipment. To ensure continued service to all viewers, the FCC’s order authorizing ATSC 3.0 operations requires full-power television stations that transition to the new standard to continue broadcasting a signal in the existing DTV standard (known as ATSC 1.0) until the FCC phases out the requirement in a future order. The content of this simulcast signal must be substantially similar to the programming aired on the ATSC 3.0 channel for a period of at least five years. Transitioning a station to ATSC 3.0 is voluntary under current FCC rules and may require significant expenditures. As of December 31, 2020, we are broadcasting the primary channels of KGW (Portland, OR), WTSP (Tampa, FL), KUSA (Denver, CO), KING (Seattle, WA) and KONG (Everett, WA) in both ATSC 1.0 and ATSC 3.0 formats. In each case, in accordance with FCC rules, we have entered into channel sharing agreements with other local broadcasters in the market to facilitate this transition by hosting the applicable primary channel in either ATSC 1.0 or 3.0 format. We expect to continue rolling out the new standard in coordination with other broadcasters, taking into account relevant market dynamics and our overall capital planning. To the extent we roll ATSC 3.0 service out to our stations, there can be no guarantee that such service would earn sufficient additional revenues to offset the related expenditures.
Our Environmental Regulatory Matters
We are subject to various laws and government regulations concerning environmental matters and employee safety and health. U.S. federal environmental legislation that pertains to us include the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (also known as Superfund). We are also regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) concerning employee safety and health matters. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), OSHA and other federal agencies have the authority to write regulations that have an effect on our operations.
In addition to these federal regulations, various states have authority under the federal statutes mentioned above. Many state and local governments have adopted environmental and employee safety and health laws and regulations, some of which are similar to federal requirements. State and federal authorities may seek fines and penalties for violating these laws and regulations. We believe that we have complied with such proceedings and orders at our stations without any materially adverse effect on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statements of Income or Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Our General Company Information
Our company was founded by Frank E. Gannett and associates in 1906 and was incorporated in 1923. We listed shares publicly for the first time in 1967 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1972. Our headquarters is located at 8350 Broad Street, Suite 2000, Tysons, VA, 22102. Our telephone number is (703) 873-6600 and our website home page is www.tegna.com. We make our website content available for information purposes only. It should not be relied upon for investment purposes, nor is it incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K).
Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements for our annual stockholders’ meetings and amendments to those reports are available free of charge on our investor website, under “Investor Relations” at www.tegna.com as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file the material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, copies of our annual reports will be made available, free of charge, upon written request. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding SEC registrants, including TEGNA Inc.
Our Human Capital
Our people play an important role in our success in today’s rapidly evolving media landscape. Our key human capital management objectives are to attract, retain and develop the highest caliber talent in our industry. Our human resources programs are designed to support these objectives by offering competitive pay, industry-leading benefits and development and growth opportunities. We strive to foster diversity, inclusion and innovation in our culture through our human resources, diversity and journalism programs and policies.
In order to better inform our human resources strategies and help drive positive change from within, for the last two years we’ve conducted annual comprehensive, anonymous companywide employee engagement surveys to better understand our employees’ perspectives about working at TEGNA. Our 2020 employee survey covered a wide range of topics, including compensation and benefits, career growth and development, opinions of company leadership, TEGNA’s performance on diversity and inclusion, and our response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Feedback from these surveys provides our management team with valuable information about our workplace culture. Results are reviewed with our Board and used to develop and refine aspects of our overall human capital management strategy, including our diversity and inclusion initiatives and employee benefits plans.
Workforce Demographics - As of December 31, 2020, we employed approximately 6,430 full-time and part-time people (including 118 corporate headquarters employees), all of whom were located in the United States. Our workforce is 47% female and 25% people of color. In 2020, 54% of new hires were women and women earned 58% of promotions. In addition, 37% of new hires were people of color and 31% of promotions were earned by people of color. In key news leadership positions, four of eleven news director positions filled since the beginning of 2020 are diverse hires or promotions. Our Board of Directors is comprised of 42% women and 17% people of color.
Gender Representation of U.S. Employees (%)
Female Male
Management1
41.6% 58.4%
Professionals 47.2% 52.8%
All Other Employees 49.2% 50.8%
Racial/Ethnic Group Representation of U.S. Employees (%)
Asian Black or African American Hispanic or Latino White Other N/A2
Management1
2.5% 6.8% 5.0% 81.6% 1.5% 2.6%
Professionals 3.1% 12.5% 9.8% 68.8% 2.6% 3.2%
All Other Employees 1.6% 11.5% 8.6% 73.8% 2.0% 2.5%
1 Defined as “Executive/Senior Level Officials and Managers” and “First/Mid-Level Officials and Managers” in our demographic representation data, or EEO-1 information, which is submitted annually to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
2 N/A = not available or not disclosed
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion - We have always been proud of our diverse and inclusive culture. We believe that diverse voices and perspectives lead to great ideas and better collaboration and make us a stronger company. The events of 2020 have made clear that we must do more to ensure that our company is truly representative of the diverse communities we serve. In 2020, we undertook several initiatives to drive meaningful and sustainable progress toward becoming a more inclusive and racially diverse company.
•Launched the TEGNA Diversity & Inclusion Working Group: In June, we announced the creation of a Diversity & Inclusion Working Group consisting of 19 employees. The group developed a charter which includes three priorities: increase TEGNA’s racial diversity in key leadership and influential positions across the company; ensure diverse perspectives are respectfully valued, sought after, and embraced across our company; and identify and combat inherent unconscious bias across our company through education, training programs, and enhanced policies and practices.
•Appointed a Chief Diversity Officer: In September, we announced the appointment of Grady Tripp as the company’s Chief Diversity Officer. This role was created to drive focus and intentional actions to ensure our long-standing inclusive values resonate in all areas of our business. This newly created position reports to our president and CEO Dave Lougee and is responsible for reviewing and enhancing policies and practices that drive our inclusion and diversity values, developing companywide training programs to enhance awareness and accountability in diversity issues, facilitating the company’s racial diversity and inclusion employee working group and providing thought leadership on employee and organizational issues to help drive better outcomes. During 2020, we have:
◦Conducted 33 local town hall meetings on race, diversity and inclusion with our stations and business groups to hear directly from employees about their life experiences and perspectives, and about working at TEGNA;
◦Created additional local Diversity & Inclusion councils at stations where employees can share their ideas about inclusion and diversity opportunities, and advise managers about cultural dynamics at stations and in the community;
◦Developed a framework for diversity and inclusion issue resolution;
◦Conducted a thorough analysis of annual employee survey results by gender and ethnicity to support the creation of action plans at stations; and
◦Began enhancing our content review practices and developing an 2021 Inclusive Journalism program for news leaders and journalists to better recognize and combat implicit or unconscious bias and ensure our stations’ content represents the communities we serve.
•We have developed and adopted Diversity, Equity and Inclusion goals for 2025 that include increasing Black, Indigenous and People of Color representation in our content teams, news leadership and management roles.
Investing in Our People - In 2020, we focused our efforts on ensuring we have a consistent and formal mechanism to identify, track and develop our internal talent. This includes understanding our current capabilities, our future capabilities and what is required to address our capability gaps. We maintain a robust annual performance management process across the organization. Together with their managers, employees identify annual goals and, at the end of the year, provide their own self assessments as to goal achievement and job performance. The results of each annual assessment are reviewed with employees in one-on-one sessions with their managers.
We also have several programs to recognize and develop talent, including Leadership Development, Executive Leadership, Producer-in-Residence and Mentoring programs. In 2020, we began accelerating planning to ensure sustainable recruitment, retention and promotion of diverse talent, including strategies for investing further in equity in development opportunities and increasing diversity in key leadership roles at our stations and throughout TEGNA. A core part of our executive officers’ people goals include achievement of diversity initiatives and the development of diverse future leaders of our company.
In 2019, we hired a director of talent development and in 2020 merged the talent development and talent acquisition functions together as part of a broader effort to build an integrated talent organization. These changes are designed to ensure our talent strategy is aligned with our business strategy, and that our talent systems, programs, and processes are integrated more effectively to deliver results. We have implemented a more robust approach for understanding and evaluating our current talent capabilities that allows us to better identify, develop, and select high-potential talent for opportunities in a more consistent way.
We have also implemented key performance indicators to help hold our leaders accountable for growing and developing our talent to ensure we have the pipeline and capabilities to meet current and future business needs.
Our early-career producer program, Producer-in-Residence, is designed to help build a steady pipeline of outstanding producer talent to increase, diversify, and engage our audience. We also offer formal leadership development programs for high-potential talent to prepare them for success in future leadership and executive-level roles. In addition, we have launched a new learning series to help accelerate the development of diverse, high-potential talent to ensure they are prepared for future roles as news directors and digital directors. And on a regular basis, we provide functional-based development opportunities to continue to address real-time development needs in areas such as news, marketing, digital and research.
Championing LGBTQ Equality - For the fourth consecutive year, TEGNA was named a Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality by the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index. The 2020 Corporate Equality Index evaluated LGBTQ-related policies and practices including non-discrimination workplace protections, domestic partner benefits, transgender-inclusive health care benefits, competency programs, and public engagement with the LGBTQ community. We received the highest marks in all categories, resulting in a perfect score of 100.
Employee Well-Being - Maintaining the health and well-being of our employees and their families is a top priority for our company. Based on the feedback gained from our employee surveys, we continue to implement changes to company-offered benefits to improve affordability and increase choice. In addition to comprehensive health and wellness coverage, we have expanded our benefits offerings so employees have the care and coverage they need. The following additional benefits will be available to employees in 2021:
•Improved Fertility Coverage: We have added a new fertility benefit to support employees who are trying to expand their families. Our provider, Progyny, provides access to the largest network of premier fertility specialists, as well as support and guidance for adoption and surrogacy.
•Expanded Parental Leave: We updated our parental leave policy so all new parents will receive at least six weeks paid parental leave with mothers giving birth receiving a minimum of 12 weeks paid leave.
•Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) Therapy: Often used as a therapy for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders, ABA therapy is now covered under our medical plans.
•HIV PrEP Rx: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescription medications are covered in full.
•Company Holidays: Juneteenth has been added as a paid company holiday. Additionally, the day after Thanksgiving has been changed to a Floating Holiday that employees may use at their discretion to observe a cultural or other holiday that is personally significant to them.
Employee Support During COVID-19 - We prioritized the health and safety of our employees during COVID-19 by moving employees to remote work, implementing safety and other guidelines for news production employees and modifying television station buildings and other office locations following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s workplace guidelines. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we invested in or made available additional health, mental health and wellness resources for employees and their families, including:
•Care@Work: With a majority of employees working from home, we are covering the cost of membership to Care@Work from Care.com to help manage family care needs while balancing time at work. We partnered with Care.com to give employees premium, unlimited access to find local caregivers.
•Webinars on managing mental health, isolation, stress and anxiety during COVID-19 were developed and offered to employees live and on-demand.
•Developed and delivered sessions for managers on how to foster high-performing teams in a virtual environment.
•Expanded medical and mental health resources through our healthcare provider, BlueCross BlueShield of Texas, with telemedicine so employees can schedule video or phone consultations with their medical and mental health providers.
•Teladoc’s telemedicine program is available to all employees and family members for sick visits and for behavioral health care sessions. All employees are eligible for nine Teladoc virtual visits even if they are not enrolled in our medical plans.
•TEGNA’s Employee Assistance Program offers support to employees and their families through 24-hour, 7-days per week confidential access to professional support to help manage stress, anxiety, grief, financial concerns, and much more.
Compensation and Benefits Programs - Our compensation and benefits are structured to attract the most talented people and incentivize performance based on the short and long-term strategic goals of our company. Our compensation packages include competitive base salaries, which include options for medical, dental and vision insurance, company holidays and paid time off, and parental leave. We encourage employees to invest for their future by offering a 401(k) plan that includes a company match up to four percent of salary and is fully vested from the day employees begin participating.
Labor Union Representation - Approximately 10% of our employees are represented by labor unions. They are represented by 27 local bargaining units, most of which are affiliated with one of four international unions under collective bargaining agreements. These agreements conform generally with the pattern of labor agreements in the broadcasting industry. We do not engage in industry-wide or company-wide bargaining.
Information About our Executive Officers - Our executive officers as of March 1, 2021 are listed below, with their ages on that date, positions and offices currently held, and principal occupation and business experience during at least the last five years. All officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
David T. Lougee - President and Chief Executive Officer (June 2017-present); TEGNA director (2017-present). Formerly: President, TEGNA Media (July 2007-June 2017). Age 62.
Lynn Beall (Trelstad) - Executive Vice President and COO of Media Operations (June 2017-present). Formerly: Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, TEGNA Media. Age 60.
Victoria D. Harker - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (June 2015-present). Age 56.
Akin S. Harrison - Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (January 2019 - present). Formerly: Senior Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Secretary (June 2017 - December 2018), Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Secretary (July 2015 - June 2017). Age 48.
Our Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability
Our purpose to serve the greater good of our communities is our guiding light, and our values of inclusion, integrity, innovation, impact and results drive our stations and employees to be a force for positive change in the communities where we live and work. In 2020, our commitment to sustainability remained unwavering as we rose to meet the challenges of a global pandemic while taking action to ensure greater diversity and equity within our company. Our social, human, environmental and governance practices help to strengthen our business while protecting and enhancing our long-term value to our communities, our employees, and our shareholders. Our corporate social responsibility efforts are guided and overseen by our Board’s Public Policy and Regulation Committee, which monitors, in coordination with the Board and other Board committees regarding matters within their purview, TEGNA’s policies and programs relating to corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and Environmental, Social and Governance related matters.
In 2020, we adopted the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board’s (SASB) industry standards for Media & Entertainment companies. The SASB has established standards on sustainability matters that facilitate communication by companies to investors on decision-useful information. Our report on the SASB’s Media & Entertainment standards is included in our most recent Social Responsibility Highlights Report, which can be found at www.tegna.com/corporate-social-responsibility.
Environmental Commitment - We are committed to protecting and preserving our environment and minimizing our carbon footprint by operating our business in a sustainable manner as a responsible corporate citizen. Before the pandemic, we committed to reducing unnecessary business travel by utilizing video conferencing technology across the company and will continue with that strategy. We continue to implement thoughtful energy efficiency strategies, including upgrading stations’ studio lighting to LED; replacing non-efficient HVAC systems, and replacing roofs with energy efficient alternatives. To date, we have updated main studio lighting to LED at 33 of our 64 stations.
Recognizing that climate change is an ongoing risk to U.S. commerce, we are taking steps to identify environmental goals and timeframes for drawing down emissions and fortifying our operations to be resilient in the face of future climate impacts. Specifically, in 2021, we will be conducting a Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures gap analysis in order to develop goals and set action plans for Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions. As a part of this process, we will incorporate science-based emissions reduction targets into our goal setting that align with international consensus on limiting global temperature increases.
In order to operate in an environmentally friendly way, our environmental policies include practices for the recycling and responsible disposal of technology products and equipment such as batteries, and reducing the waste we generate at corporate offices and in production processes. We regard environmental responsiveness and resource conservation as an integral part of business management, and support finding sound solutions to such environmental problems as may arise. Each facility is expected to manage its activities in a manner that will achieve our environmental goals. Each employee is expected to work toward these goals and is encouraged to advise their supervisor promptly of any situation that may be in conflict with our environmental policy.
When we seek to upgrade office locations, our preference is toward LEED-certified buildings that are designed for energy efficiency and water conservation, like our studio and office facilities at KING in Seattle, KHOU in Houston, Premion in New York and our corporate headquarters in Tysons, Virginia. We recently invested in consolidating WBNS TV’s offices in Columbus, Ohio, to include our WBNS Radio station, which was located in a separate building. Moving forward, we will build on the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to review our real estate portfolio to optimize and consolidate where possible to drive efficiencies and further reduce our carbon footprint.
The TEGNA Foundation, the charitable foundation sponsored by TEGNA Inc., supports nonprofit activities in communities where we do business and contributes to a variety of charitable causes through its Community Grant Program. Community Grants are identified locally by our stations and include support for community sustainability efforts. In our commitment to serve the greater good, our stations regularly report on environmental, climate and sustainability issues that impact our communities.
Social Impact - Exposing corruption and wrongdoing, holding elected officials and those in power accountable, giving a voice to the voiceless and telling empowering stories that impact our lives is at the heart of our purpose to serve the greater good. During a year when attacks on journalists, journalism and the First Amendment became all too common, our stations and news teams continually strove to be the most trusted sources of news in our communities and to make an impact by being agents of change in the markets we serve. Our local journalists are empowered to seek out the stories that matter most to their audience and pursue investigations that expose wrongdoing while continuing to maintain the highest ethical standards. In 2020, TEGNA won more major journalism awards than any other local broadcaster as a result of our innovative approach to content, impactful investigations and commitment to the communities we serve.
In 2020, our stations helped raise more than $100 million in support of diverse local causes that address specific needs in communities. Through the TEGNA Foundation, we work to improve lives in the communities we serve by contributing to a variety of local charitable causes through Community Grants. Through its other programs, the TEGNA Foundation invests in the future of the media industry through Media Grants, supports employee giving and volunteerism, and contributes to a variety of charitable causes. The TEGNA Foundation’s local Community Grants program is the main vehicle for distributing charitable donations within our communities. Each year, our stations identify pressing needs in their communities and partner with local nonprofit organizations to help address these issues. In 2020, the TEGNA Foundation in partnership with local stations made 260 Community Grants totaling $1.85 million. Grants are distributed within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal framework, with the majority of 2020 grants supporting four major categories: Good Health and Well-Being, Quality Education, Zero Hunger, and No Poverty. Our stations amplify the impact of charitable donations through on-air and digital awareness campaigns to raise the profile of important issues and causes, and through employee volunteerism.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, our stations have continued to partner with local nonprofit organizations to address urgent needs. Through virtual telethons, benefit concerts, fundraising drives and awareness campaigns, our stations have helped raise more than $66 million for local relief efforts, from supporting frontline healthcare workers to helping ensure families impacted by COVID-19 do not go hungry. In 2020, 36% of TEGNA Foundation Community Grants went directly to local community organizations working toward COVID-19 relief efforts.
Our employees also give back to their local communities by volunteering for and donating to their favorite causes. In response to the unprecedented impacts of COVID-19 and the social justice movement of 2020, in June, the TEGNA Foundation doubled its employee matching gift program, offering employees a 2:1 match for their donations to the causes and nonprofits most meaningful to them. In 2020, TEGNA Foundation approved more than 3,000 employee matching gifts, a new high for the program. More than 1,000 unique charities were reached through our employees’ giving, and their donations combined with the TEGNA Foundation’s matches totaled more than $1.9 million.
We support employee participation in charitable causes, providing 10 hours of paid time off annually for volunteer work in addition to our employee matching gift program. Employees still found ways to be impactful in 2020 despite the limitations of COVID-19, using their volunteer time off hours for virtual events such as online mentorship or socially distanced food delivery to those in need. Our employees also take part in mentoring our nation’s veterans through our partnership with American Corporate Partners, helping veterans transition out of the military and guiding them as they re-enter life in the private sector.
Our stations are also a valued resource for communities when natural disasters strike. In addition to our news coverage that keeps our audience informed and safe during disasters, our stations tell inspirational stories of heroism and hope to help our communities pull together during times of crisis. When wildfires began affecting Oregon and Washington residents, KGW activated the Northwest Response Fund, in partnership with the Red Cross, to assist residents who have been displaced or impacted. Within one week, KGW helped to raise more than $1.0 million.
In 2020, we were named to The Civic 50 by Points of Light, the world’s largest organization dedicated to volunteer service. The Civic 50 recognizes TEGNA as one of the 50 most community-minded companies in the United States. In addition, we were also selected by The Civic 50 as the Sector Leader in the Telecommunications industry.
Corporate Governance - Our management and Board of Directors aim to create value for our shareholders through effective, ethical management of our company. Our Board of Directors has implemented strong corporate governance policies that align with best practices for publicly held companies and the evolving expectations of shareholders and institutional investors.
•Independent Board Oversight: We have an independent and diverse Board, led by an independent chairman. The Board maintains objective oversight as 11 out of TEGNA’s 12 Directors are independent, with CEO Dave Lougee the only TEGNA employee represented on the Board. The separation of the roles of Chairman and CEO allows for effective, independent Board oversight and communication, while enabling the CEO to focus on executing the strategic plan and managing operations. The Board also conducts an annual performance evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the Board and its committees, as well as the broader Board leadership structure.
•Active, Engaged Board: Our directors spend significant time engaged in strategy discussions in order to identify potential opportunities to create value for our shareholders. The Board also oversees risk management through regular discussions with senior leadership, considering risks in the context of our strategic plan and operations. Directors play a key role in TEGNA’s extensive shareholder engagement program, which actively seeks feedback from investors to gain a better perspective on our management and performance in key areas.
•Experience Aligned with Long-Term Strategy: Since 2017, TEGNA has undergone a Board refreshment process to ensure Directors’ expertise align with TEGNA’s strategic evolution. During this period, we added four independent Directors with deep expertise in media, technology, social/digital, and capital markets and transactional experience.
•Commitment to Diversity and Inclusion: Our Board and management are committed to ensuring our company reflects the diversity of the communities we serve. To strengthen accountability on diversity into the governance of our company, in 2020 TEGNA’s Board adopted specific areas of oversight for each Board committee regarding how we approach diversity:
◦The Leadership Development & Compensation Committee is responsible for monitoring and supporting our performance in diversity, inclusion and equal employment opportunity, and the continuation of our efforts to gain and maintain diversity among our employees and management.
◦The Nominating & Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing the racial, ethnic and gender diversity of the Board.
◦The Public Policy and Regulatory Committee reviews with management our approach to, and initiatives and support for, promoting racial and ethnic diversity in our news and other content, through inclusive journalism and racial and ethnic diversity in our editorial decision-making and leadership.
◦The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring our finance and asset management-related diversity and inclusion efforts, including our investment and purchasing involving minority-owned businesses.
In addition to the corporate governance practices discussed above, other important corporate governance practices we follow include:
•All of our directors are elected annually;
•Our directors and senior executives are subject to stock ownership guidelines;
•We do not have a shareholder rights plan (poison pill) in place;
•Our Board has adopted a proxy access by-law provision; and
•Mergers and other business combinations involving the Company generally may be approved by a simple majority vote.
Additional information regarding our corporate governance practices is included in our Principles of Corporate Governance posted on the Corporate Governance page under the “Investors” menu of our website at www.tegna.com.
MARKETS WE SERVE
TELEVISION STATIONS AND AFFILIATED DIGITAL PLATFORM
State/District of Columbia City Station/web site Channel (1)/Network
Affiliation Agreement Expires in Market TV
Households (2)
Founded
Alabama Huntsville WZDX(TV): rocketcitynow.com
Ch. 54/FOX 2022 409,200 1985
Arizona Flagstaff KNAZ-TV: 12news.com
Ch. 2/NBC 2024 2,158,240 1970
Mesa KPNX(TV): 12news.com
Ch. 12/NBC 2024 2,158,240 1953
Tucson KMSB(TV): tucsonnewsnow.com
Ch. 11/FOX 2022 479,780 1967
KTTU(TV): tucsonnewsnow.com
Ch. 18/MNTV 2022 479,780 1984
Arkansas Fort Smith KFSM-TV: 5newsonline.com
Ch. 5/CBS 2022 327,930 1956
Little Rock KTHV(TV): thv11.com
Ch. 11/CBS 2022 562,060 1955
California Sacramento KXTV(TV): abc10.com
Ch. 10/ABC 2023 1,459,260 1955
San Diego KFMB-TV (3): cbs8.com
Ch. 8/CBS 2023 1,132,300 1949
Colorado Denver KTVD(TV): my20denver.com
Ch. 20/MNTV 2022 1,798,440 1988
KUSA(TV): 9news.com
Ch. 9/NBC 2024 1,798,440 1952
Connecticut Hartford WTIC-TV: fox61.com
Ch. 61/FOX 2022 1,002,710 1984
Waterbury WCCT-TV: yourcwtv.com/partners/hartford
Ch. 20/CW 2021 1,002,710 1953
District of Columbia Washington WUSA(TV): wusa9.com
Ch. 9/CBS 2022 2,565,580 1949
Florida Jacksonville WJXX(TV): firstcoastnews.com
Ch. 25/ABC 2023 756,960 1989
WTLV(TV): firstcoastnews.com
Ch. 12/NBC 2024 756,960 1957
Tampa-St. Petersburg WTSP(TV): wtsp.com
Ch. 10/CBS 2022 2,035,250 1965
Georgia Atlanta WATL(TV): 11alive.com
Ch. 36/MNTV 2022 2,648,970 1954
WXIA-TV: 11alive.com
Ch. 11/NBC 2024 2,648,970 1948
Macon WMAZ-TV: 13wmaz.com
Ch. 13/CBS 2022 243,340 1953
Idaho Boise KTVB(TV) (4): ktvb.com
Ch. 7/NBC 2024 311,270 1953
Illinois Moline WQAD-TV: wqad.com
Ch. 8/ABC 2023 298,580 1963
Indiana Indianapolis WTHR(TV) (5): wthr.com
Ch. 13/NBC 2024 1,182,500 1957
Iowa Ames WOI-DT: weareiowa.com
Ch. 5/ABC 2022 457,040 1950
Ames KCWI-TV: weareiowa.com
Ch. 23/CW 2021 457,040 1999
Kentucky Louisville WHAS-TV: whas11.com
Ch. 11/ABC 2023 696,070 1950
Louisiana New Orleans WWL-TV: wwltv.com
Ch. 4/CBS 2022 663,520 1957
WUPL(TV) (6): wwltv.com/mytv
Ch. 54/MNTV 2022 663,520 1955
Maine Bangor WLBZ(TV): newscentermaine.com
Ch. 2/NBC 2024 141,120 1954
Portland WCSH(TV): newscentermaine.com
Ch. 6/NBC 2024 409,560 1953
Michigan Grand Rapids WZZM(TV): wzzm13.com
Ch. 13/ABC 2023 781,080 1962
Minnesota Minneapolis-St. Paul KARE(TV): kare11.com
Ch. 11/NBC 2024 1,887,390 1953
Missouri St. Louis KSDK(TV): ksdk.com
Ch. 5/NBC 2024 1,239,210 1947
New York Buffalo WGRZ(TV): wgrz.com
Ch. 2/NBC 2024 612,780 1954
North Carolina Charlotte WCNC-TV: wcnc.com
Ch. 36/NBC 2024 1,290,660 1967
Greensboro WFMY-TV: wfmynews2.com
Ch. 2/CBS 2022 717,110 1949
Ohio Cleveland WKYC-TV: wkyc.com
Ch. 3/NBC 2024 1,511,970 1948
Columbus WBNS-TV (7): 10tv.com
Ch. 10/CBS 2022 999,300 1949
Toledo WTOL(TV): wtol.com
Ch. 11/CBS 2023 408,590 1958
Oregon Portland KGW(TV) (8): kgw.com
Ch. 8/NBC 2024 1,315,470 1956
Pennsylvania Scranton WNEP-TV: wnep.com
Ch. 16/ABC 2023 571,470 1954
York WPMT(TV): fox43.com
Ch. 43/FOX 2022 772,810 1952
South Carolina Columbia WLTX(TV): wltx.com
Ch. 19/CBS 2022 421,760 1953
Tennessee Knoxville WBIR-TV: wbir.com
Ch. 10/NBC 2024 535,230 1956
Memphis WATN-TV: localmemphis.com
Ch. 24/ABC 2022 619,610 1978
WLMT(TV): localmemphis.com
Ch. 30/CW 2021 619,610 1983
Texas Abilene KXVA(TV): myfoxzone.com
Ch. 15/FOX 2022 116,310 2001
Austin KVUE(TV): kvue.com
Ch. 24/ABC 2023 912,400 1971
Beaumont KBMT(TV) (9): 12newsnow.com
Ch. 12/ABC 2023 168,210 1961
Corpus Christi KIII-TV: kiiitv.com
Ch. 3/ABC 2023 210,160 1964
Dallas WFAA(TV): wfaa.com
Ch. 8/ABC 2023 2,962,520 1949
KMPX(TV): wfaa.com
Ch. 29 / Estrella 2025 2,962,520 1993
Houston KHOU(TV): khou.com
Ch. 11/CBS 2022 2,569,900 1953
KTBU(TV): khou.com
Ch. 55/Quest N/A 2,569,900 2004
Odessa KWES-TV: newswest9.com Ch. 9/NBC 2024 173,210 1958
San Angelo KIDY(TV): myfoxzone.com
Ch. 6/FOX 2022 58,000 1984
San Antonio KENS(TV): kens5.com
Ch. 5/CBS 2022 1,031,180 1950
Tyler-Longview KYTX(TV): cbs19.tv
Ch. 19/CBS 2022 276,520 2008
TELEVISION STATIONS AND AFFILIATED DIGITAL PLATFORM
(Continued)
State/District of Columbia City Station/web site Channel (1)/Network
Affiliation Agreement Expires in Market TV
Households (2)
Founded
Temple KCEN-TV (10): kcentv.com
Ch. 9/NBC 2024 383,820 1953
Virginia Hampton/Norfolk WVEC(TV): 13newsnow.com
Ch. 13/ABC 2023 725,580 1953
Washington Seattle/Tacoma KING-TV: king5.com
Ch. 5/NBC 2024 2,098,800 1948
KONG(TV): king5.com
Ch. 16/IND N/A 2,098,800 1997
Spokane KREM(TV): krem.com
Ch. 2/CBS 2022 470,210 1954
KSKN(TV): spokanescw22.com
Ch. 22/CW 2021 470,210 1983
(1) Channel refers to the viewer-facing “virtual” channel associated with the station’s brand, which may differ from the radio frequency channel on which the station transmits.
(2) Market TV households is number of television households in each market, according to 2020-2021 Nielsen figures.
(3) KFMB also operates a sub-channel (CW channel), which is not counted.
(4) We also own KTFT-LD (NBC), a low power television station in Twin Falls, ID.
(5) We also own WALV-CD, a Class A television station in Indianapolis, IN.
(6) We also own WBXN-CD, a Class A television station in New Orleans, LA.
(7) We also own two radio stations, WBNS(AM) (1460), and WBNS-FM (97.1).
(8) We also own KGWZ-LD, a low power television station in Portland, OR.
(9) KBMT also operates a subchannel (KJAC/NBC), which is not counted. We also own KUIL-LD, a low power station in Beaumont, TX.
(10) We also own KAGS-LP, a low power television station in Bryan, TX.
In addition to the above television station properties, we also have the following digital and multicast network operations which support our television stations:
Premion: www.premion.com Headquarters: New York, NY
TEGNA Marketing Solutions: www.TEGNAmarketingsolutions.com
True Crime Network and Quest multicast networks: www.truecrimenetworktv.com and www.questtv.com
Locked On Podcast Network: www.lockedonpodcasts.com
INVESTMENTS
We have non-controlling ownership interests in the following companies:
Bustle Digital Group: www.bustle.com
CareerBuilder: www.careerbuilder.com
Hudson MX: www.hudsonmx.com
Jackpocket Inc: www.jackpocket.com
Kin Community: www.kincommunity.com
MadHive: www.madhive.com
Pearl: www.pearltv.com
SIGNIA Venture Partners: www.signiaventurepartners.com
ViewLift: www.viewlift.com
Video Call Center: www.thevcc.tv
Vizbee: www.vizbee.tv
Whistle Sports: www.teamwhistle.com
TEGNA ON THE NET: News and information about us is available on our web site, www.TEGNA.com. In addition to news and other information about us, we provide access through this site to our annual report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish them electronically to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certifications by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are included as exhibits to our SEC reports (including to this Form 10-K). We also provide access on this web site to our Principles of Corporate Governance, the charters of our Audit, Leadership Development and Compensation, Nominating and Governance, and Public Policy and Regulation Committees and other important governance documents and policies, including our Ethics and Inside Trading Policies. Copies of all of these corporate governance documents are available to any shareholder upon written request made to our Secretary at the headquarters address. We will disclose on this web site changes to, or waivers of, our corporate ethics policy.
Certain factors affecting forward-looking statements
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that do not describe historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding business strategies, market potential, future financial performance and other matters, which include, but are not limited to the adverse impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on our revenues, particularly our non-political advertising revenues. The words “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “could,” “should,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “project” and similar expressions, among others, generally identify “forward-looking statements”. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, including those described within Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.
Our actual financial results may be different from those projected due to the inherent nature of projections. Given these uncertainties, forward-looking statements should not be relied on in making investment decisions. The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K speak only as of the date of its filing. Except where required by applicable law, we expressly disclaim a duty to provide updates to forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-K to reflect subsequent events, changed circumstances, changes in expectations, or the estimates and assumptions associated with them. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by the federal securities laws.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common stock involves risks and uncertainties and investors should consider carefully the following risk factors before investing in our securities. We seek to identify, manage and mitigate risks to our business, but risk and uncertainty cannot be eliminated or necessarily predicted. The risks described below may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks that we do not yet perceive or that we currently believe are immaterial may adversely affect our business and the trading price of our securities.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We are impacted by demand for advertising, which, in turn, depends on a number of factors, some of which are cyclical and many of which are beyond our control
In 2020, 40% of our revenues were derived from television spot and digital advertising. Demand for advertising is highly dependent upon the strength of the U.S. economy, both in the markets our stations serve and in the nation as a whole. During an economic downturn, demand for advertising often decreases. Consequently, our operating results depend on the relative strength of the economy in our principal television markets as well as the strength or weakness of regional and national economic factors. A decline in economic conditions in the U.S. could have a significant adverse impact on our businesses and could significantly impact our television spot and digital advertising revenues.
Our advertising revenues can also be affected by a variety of other factors outside our control, including, among other things, the viewership of the programming offered by our television stations, local and national advertising price fluctuations, the duration and extent of any network preemption of regularly scheduled programming for any reason, and labor disputes or other disruptions at programming providers, networks or professional sports leagues. Our advertising revenues can also vary substantially from year to year, driven by the political election cycle (i.e., even years); the ability and willingness of candidates and political action committees to raise and spend funds on television and digital advertising; and the competitiveness of the election races in our stations’ markets.
Competition from alternative forms of media may impair our ability to grow or maintain revenue levels in traditional and new businesses
Advertising and marketing services produce a significant portion of our revenues, with our stations’ affiliated desktop, mobile and tablet advertising revenues, as well as our OTT product offerings being important components. Technology, particularly new video formats, streaming and downloading capabilities via the Internet, video-on-demand, personal video recorders and other devices and technologies used in the entertainment industry continues to evolve rapidly, leading to alternative methods for the delivery and storage of digital content. These technological advancements have driven changes in consumer behavior and have empowered consumers to seek more control over when, where and how they consume news and entertainment, including through so-called “cutting the cord” and other consumption strategies.
These innovations may affect our ability to generate television audience, which may make our television stations less attractive to advertisers. For example, increasing demand for content generated for consumption through other forms of media such as Amazon Prime, Disney+, HBO Go, Hulu, or Netflix, could cause our advertising revenues to decline as a result of changes to the ratings of our programming, which may materially negatively affect our business and results of operations.
A resurgence in the rate of COVID-19 infections that is significant enough to force widespread business closures could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
During the first quarter of 2020, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) believed to have been first identified in Wuhan, China, spread globally, including to every state in the United States. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19. The federal and state governments in the United States have responded by instituting a wide variety of mitigating control measures, including, mandatory quarantines, closures of non-essential businesses and all other places of social interaction, while implementing “shelter in place” orders and restricting travel. Such control measures have resulted in cancellation or postponement of sporting events, including the Olympics, and suspension of popular entertainment content production. The mitigating control measures began negatively impacting our AMS revenue stream in mid-March 2020 as demand for non-political advertising and marketing services softened. During the second and third quarters of 2020, certain state and local governments began to implement multi-step policies towards re-opening and lifting the control measures. Demand for many sectors’
advertising and marketing services increased as this occurred. However, some states which re-opened also experienced increases in new COVID-19 cases, forcing some to reinstate control measures and restrict public gatherings. Through the end of the fourth quarter of 2020, case and fatality figures continued to trend upwards, both nationally and in many states, though several vaccines have now been approved for emergency use and are beginning to be distributed.
The extent of the pandemic’s impact on our financial and operational results, which could be material, will depend on the length of time that the pandemic continues and whether we experience further waves of the infection, its effect on our customers’ demand for our advertising products (as well as their ability to pay us for services provided), the pace at which governmental regulations closing businesses and restricting movement imposed in response to the pandemic are relaxed, the success of public vaccination campaigns, the effectiveness of the vaccines against mutating strains of the virus, the effect of existing and potential economic stimulus measures passed into law, as well as uncertainty regarding all of the foregoing.
While we cannot at this time predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has had, and is likely to continue to have a dampening effect on our near-term AMS revenues. In addition, a sustained adverse impact on our non-political advertising from the COVID-19 pandemic could eventually impact our ability to maintain compliance with covenants under our revolving credit facility in the future further affecting our liquidity and financial condition. In addition, we may experience an increased risk of undetected malicious cyber-security attacks due to our workforce working remotely. We continue to closely monitor the situation, to assess further possible implications to our business and customers, and to take actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences.
The value of our assets or operations may be diminished if our information technology systems fail to perform adequately
Our information technology systems are critically important to operating our business efficiently and effectively. We rely on our information technology systems to manage our business data, communications, news and advertising content, digital products, order entry, fulfillment and other business processes. The failure of our information technology systems to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, broadcasting disruptions, and loss of sales and customers, causing our business and results to be impacted.
Our efforts to minimize the likelihood and impact of adverse cybersecurity incidents and to protect our technology and confidential information may not be successful and our business could be negatively affected
Our information technology systems are critically important to operating our business efficiently and effectively. We rely on our information technology systems to manage our business data, communications, news and advertising content, digital products, order entry, fulfillment and other business processes. As such, we are exposed to various cybersecurity threats, including but not limited to, threats to our information technology infrastructure, and unauthorized attempts to gain access to our confidential information, including third parties which receive our confidential information for business purposes. We take measures to minimize the risk of a cyber-attack including utilization of multi-factor authentication, deployment of firewalls, virtual private networks for mobile connections and conducting regular training of our employees related to protecting sensitive information and recognizing “phishing” attacks. These measures, however, may not be sufficient in preventing or timely detecting breaches or cyber-attacks due to the evolving nature and ever-increasing abilities of cyber-attacks. Depending on the severity of the breach or cyber-attack, such events could result in business interruptions, disclosure of nonpublic information, loss of sales and customers, misstated financial data, liabilities for stolen assets or information, diversion of our management’s attention, transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, increased cybersecurity protection costs, litigation, and financial consequences, any or all of which could adversely affect our business operations and reputation. In addition, cybersecurity breaches could subject us to civil liability to customers and other third parties as well as fines and penalties imposed by governmental or regulatory authorities which could be substantial. We maintain cyber risk insurance, but this insurance may be insufficient to cover all of our losses from breaches of our systems.
As has historically been the case in the broadcast sector, loss of, or changes in, affiliation agreements or retransmission consent agreements could adversely affect operating results for our stations
Most of our stations are covered by our network affiliation agreements with the major broadcast television networks (ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox). These television networks produce and distribute programming in exchange for each of our stations’ commitment to air the programming at specified times and for other consideration such as commercial announcement time during the programming. The cost of network affiliation agreements represents a significant portion of our television operating expenses.
Each of our affiliation agreements has a stated expiration date. With respect to the major broadcast networks, our principal expirations occur in the following years: NBC-early 2024, CBS-2022, Fox-2022, ABC-2023. If renewed, our network affiliation agreements may be renewed on terms that are less favorable to us. The non-renewal or termination of any of our network affiliation agreements would prevent us from being able to carry programming of the affiliate network. This loss of programming would require us to obtain replacement programming, which may involve higher costs and/or which may not be as attractive to our audiences, resulting in reduced revenues.
In recent years, the networks have streamed their programming on the Internet and other distribution platforms (e.g., CBS All Access and Peacock NBC), in some cases live or within a short period of the original network programming broadcast on local television stations, including those we own. An increase in the availability of network programming on alternative platforms that either bypass or provide less favorable terms to local stations - such as cable channels, the Internet and other distribution vehicles - may dilute the exclusivity and value of network programming originally broadcast by the local stations and could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of our stations.
Our retransmission consent agreements with major cable, satellite and telecommunications service providers (also referred to as multichannel video programming distributors or MVPDs) permit them to retransmit our stations’ signals to their subscribers in exchange for the payment of compensation to us (which we classify as subscription revenues). This source of revenue represented approximately 44% of our 2020 total revenues, and we expect the contribution of subscription revenues to increase in 2021 and to continue to increase in the foreseeable future periods. During 2020, retransmission consent agreements covering approximately 35% of our subscribers were renewed. During 2021, retransmission agreements related to approximately 30% of our subscribers will be up for renewal. On occasion, we may not be able to agree on mutually acceptable terms when negotiating such agreements. When this happens, the MVPD may be required to cease airing our programming (commonly referred to as a “blackout” or “going dark”). When this happens, we will not be compensated by the MVPD during the period of the blackout. Furthermore, if we are unable to renew the agreement on market terms, or at all, it could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We operate our business in a single broadcast segment, which increases our exposure to the changes and highly competitive environment of the broadcast industry
Broadcast companies operate in a highly competitive environment and compete for audiences, advertising and marketing services revenue and quality programming. Lower audience share, declines in advertising and marketing services spending, and increased programming costs would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against existing, new or potential competitors, or that competition and consolidation in the media marketplace will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
In addition, the FCC and Congress are contemplating several new laws and changes to existing media ownership and other broadcast-related regulations, regarding a wide range of matters (including the number of stations a company may own within a single market or nationwide). Changes to FCC rules may lead to additional opportunities as well as increased uncertainty in the industry.
Changing regulations may also impair or reduce our leverage in negotiating affiliation or retransmission agreements, adversely affecting our revenues, or result in increased costs, reduced valuations for certain broadcasting properties or other impacts, all of which may adversely impact our future profitability. All of our stations are required to hold broadcasting licenses from the FCC; when granted, these licenses are generally granted for a period of eight years. Under certain circumstances, the FCC is not required to renew any license and could decline to renew future license applications.
Changes in the regulatory environment could increase our costs or limit our opportunities for growth
Our stations are subject to various obligations and restrictions under the Communications Act of 1934 as amended (the “Communications Act”), and FCC regulations. These requirements may be affected by legislation, FCC actions, or court decisions, and any such changes may affect the performance of our business, such as by imposing new obligations or by limiting our television stations’ exclusivity or retransmission consent rights. For instance, although the FCC voted in November 2017 to reduce restrictions on local broadcast ownership, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit vacated and remanded these changes effective as of November 29, 2019; the U.S. Supreme Court granted petitions by the FCC and broadcasters to review the Third Circuit’s decision. Depending on the Supreme Court’s decision, the FCC’s 2017 regulatory changes could be restored, or the applicable media ownership rules could be altered in other ways by Congress or the FCC. Oral arguments in the case were held on January 19, 2021; the Supreme Court is expected to rule on the case by the end of June 2021. If broadcast ownership rules become more restrictive, our opportunities to grow our broadcast business through acquisitions or other strategic transactions could be impaired.
In addition, some of our acquisition activities may be subject to antitrust review by the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ), and could restrict our ability to pursue or consummate future transactions and could require us to divest certain television stations if an acquisition would result in excessive concentration in a market. Review and enforcement policies of the DOJ may be subject to change under the Biden administration. As a result, we cannot assure investors that any future acquisition will be approved, or that a requirement to divest existing stations will not have an adverse effect on the transaction or our business.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
There could be significant liability if the spin-off of Cars.com was determined to be a taxable transaction
In May 2017 we completed our spin-off of Cars.com, which we refer to as the “spin-off”. In connection with the spin-off, we received an opinion from outside tax counsel to the effect that the requirements for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code were satisfied. The opinion relies on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from TEGNA and the spun-off business regarding the past and future conduct of the company’s business and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings is incorrect or not satisfied, TEGNA and its stockholders may not be able to rely on the opinion of tax counsel and could be subject to significant tax liabilities.
Notwithstanding the opinion of tax counsel, the Internal Revenue Service could determine on audit that the spin-off is taxable if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings were incorrect or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinion, or for other reasons, including as a result of certain significant changes in the share ownership of TEGNA or the spun-off business after the separation. If the spin-off was determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, TEGNA and its stockholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. On October 15, 2021, TEGNA’s 2017 tax year (including the tax-free treatment of the spin-off of the Cars.com business) will no longer be subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.
A proxy contest with an activist shareholder could cause us to incur significant costs, divert management’s attention and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business
Activist shareholders, like Standard General, may from time to time engage in proxy solicitations, advance shareholder proposals or director nominations or otherwise attempt to affect changes or acquire control over us. On January 21, 2021, Standard General nominated four directors for election in connection with our 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Responding to these actions can be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our Board and management from the management of our operations and the pursuit of our business strategies, particularly if such activist shareholders advocate for actions that are not supported by other shareholders, our board or management. In addition, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, damage to our reputation and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified directors, personnel and business partners. These actions could also cause our stock price to experience periods of volatility.
Our strategic acquisitions, investments and partnerships could pose various risks, increase our leverage and may significantly impact our ability to expand our overall profitability
Acquisitions involve inherent risks, such as increasing leverage and debt service requirements and combining company cultures and facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flow and could strain our human resources. We may be unable to successfully complete acquisitions, implement effective cost controls, achieve expected synergies or increase revenues as a result of an acquisition. Acquisitions may result in us assuming unexpected liabilities and in management diverting its attention from the operation of our business. Acquisitions may result in us having greater exposure to the industry risks of the businesses underlying the acquisition. Strategic investments and partnerships with other companies expose us to the risk that we may be unable to control the operations of our investee or partnership, which could decrease the amount of benefits we realize from a particular relationship. We are exposed to the risk that our partners in strategic investments and infrastructure may encounter financial difficulties which could disrupt investee or partnership activities, or impair assets acquired, which would adversely affect future reported results of operations and shareholders’ equity. The failure to obtain regulatory approvals or required consents of broadcast television networks or other third parties may prevent us from completing or realizing the anticipated benefits of acquisitions. Furthermore, acquisitions may subject us to new or different regulations which could have an adverse effect on our operations.
Volatility in the U.S. credit markets could significantly impact our ability to obtain new financing to fund our operations and strategic initiatives or to refinance our existing debt at reasonable rates and terms as it matures
As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $3.58 billion in debt and approximately $1.13 billion of undrawn additional borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility that expires in 2024. This debt matures at various times during the years 2024-2029. While our cash flow is expected to be sufficient to pay amounts when due, if our operating results deteriorate significantly, we may not be able to pay amounts when due and a portion of these maturities may need to be refinanced. Access to the capital markets for longer-term financing is generally unpredictable and volatile credit markets could make it harder for us to obtain debt financings.
The value of our existing intangible assets may become impaired, depending upon future operating results
Goodwill and other intangible assets were approximately $5.47 billion as of December 31, 2020, representing approximately 80% of our total assets. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment testing and more frequent testing upon the occurrence of certain events or significant changes in circumstance that indicate all or a portion of their carrying values may no longer be recoverable in which case a non-cash charge to earnings may be necessary. We may subsequently experience market pressures which could cause future cash flows to decline below our current expectations, or volatile equity markets could negatively impact market factors used in the impairment analysis, including earnings multiples, discount rates, and long-term growth rates. Any future evaluations requiring an asset impairment charge for goodwill or other intangible assets would adversely affect future reported results of operations and shareholders’ equity, although such charges would not affect our cash flow.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The types of properties required to support our television stations include offices, studios, sales offices, tower and transmitter sites. A listing of television station locations can be found on page 17. Our digital and multicast businesses that support our broadcast operations lease their facilities. This includes facilities for executive offices, sales offices and data centers. A listing of our digital businesses locations can be found on page 18. We lease our corporate headquarters facility which is located in Tysons, VA. We believe that none of our individual properties represents a material amount of the total properties owned or leased.
We believe all of our owned and leased facilities are in satisfactory condition, are well maintained, and are adequate for current use.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information regarding legal proceedings may be found in Note 12 of the Notes to consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our approximately 219.7 million outstanding shares of common stock were held by 6,232 shareholders of record as of February 19, 2021. Our shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) with the symbol TGNA.
Purchases of Equity Securities
In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the renewal of our share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. The program was previously suspended on March 20, 2019 simultaneously with the announcement of our acquisition of the Nexstar-Tribune divestiture stations to prioritize use of cash for debt repayment associated with those acquisitions. The renewal of the share repurchase program reflects the reduction of leverage ratio to pre-acquisition levels, as well as demonstrates the Board’s and management’s confidence in the business and continued focus on making prudent, disciplined decisions intended to drive near and long-term shareholder value. Our capital allocation decisions focus on optimizing investments in organic and inorganic growth opportunities, paying down debt, issuing dividends, and repurchasing shares.
Dividend Policy
Since 2017, we have been paying a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share. We paid dividends totaling $76.5 million in 2020 and $60.6 million in 2019. We expect to continue paying comparable regular cash dividends in the future. The rate and frequency of future dividends will depend on future earnings, capital requirements and financial condition and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Excluded pursuant to Regulation S-K Item 301, as amended.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction
We are an innovative media company serving the greater good of our communities. Our business includes 64 television stations and two radio stations in 51 U.S. markets, we are the largest owner of top four network affiliates in the top 25 markets among independent station groups, reaching approximately 39% of U.S. television households. We also own leading multicast networks True Crime Network and Quest. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms they use to consume news content. We have been consistently honored with the industry’s top awards, including Edward R. Murrow, Alfred I. DuPont and Emmy Awards. Through TEGNA Marketing Solutions (TMS), our integrated sales and back-end fulfillment operations, we deliver results for advertisers across television, digital, and Over the Top (OTT) platforms, including Premion, our OTT advertising network.
We have one operating and reportable segment. The primary sources of our revenues are: 1) subscription revenues, reflecting fees paid by satellite, cable, OTT (companies that deliver video content to consumers over the Internet) and telecommunications providers to carry our television signals on their systems; 2) advertising & marketing services (AMS) revenues, which include local and national non-political television advertising, digital marketing services (including Premion), and advertising on the stations’ websites and tablet and mobile products; 3) political advertising revenues, which are driven by even year election cycles at the local and national level (e.g., 2020, 2018) and particularly in the second half of those years; and 4) other services, such as production of programming and advertising material.
COVID-19 pandemic: During fiscal year 2020 and continuing into 2021, the world has been, and continues to be, impacted by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges and widespread economic and social change throughout the United States. In an effort to contain the virus the federal and state governments in the United States responded by instituting a wide variety of mitigating control measures, including, mandatory quarantines, closures of non-essential businesses and all other places of social interaction, while implementing “shelter in place” orders and travel restrictions in an effort to slow the spread of the virus. Such mitigating measures began negatively impacting our AMS revenue stream in mid-March 2020 as demand for non-political advertising softened. While some of these measures have been lifted or relaxed in certain state and local governments, other jurisdictions have seen increases in new COVID-19 cases resulting in restrictions being reinstated, or new restrictions imposed. Overall, advertising demand improved as steps toward economic re-opening were implemented and as federal government stimulus programs were enacted. Our AMS revenues have shown quarterly sequential improvement since the height of the pandemic in the second quarter of 2020. There continues to be considerable uncertainty regarding how current and future health and safety measures implemented in response to the pandemic will impact our business.
Due to the changing nature and continuing uncertainty around the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to predict the impact of COVID-19 on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and our business in future periods remains limited. While we use the best information available in developing significant estimates included in our financial statements, the effects of the pandemic on our operations may not be fully realized, or reflected in our financial results, until future periods. As such, actual results could differ from our estimates, and these differences resulting from changes in facts and circumstances could be material.
Seasonality: Our revenues and operating results are subject to seasonal fluctuations. Generally, our second and fourth quarter revenues and operating results are stronger than those we report for the first and third quarter. This is driven by the second quarter reflecting increased spring seasonal advertising, while the fourth quarter typically includes increased advertising related to the holiday season. In addition, our revenue and operating results are subject to significant fluctuations across yearly periods resulting from political advertising. In even numbered years, political spending is usually significantly higher than in odd numbered years due to advertising for the local and national elections. Additionally, every four years, we typically experience even greater increases in political advertising in connection with the presidential election. The strong demand for advertising from political advertisers in these even years can result in the significant use of our available inventory (leading to a “crowd out” effect), which can diminish our AMS revenue in the even year of a two year election cycle, particularly in the fourth quarter of those years.
Consolidated Results from Operations
The following discussion is a comparison of our consolidated results on a GAAP basis. The year-to-year comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results. In addition, see the section on page 30 titled ‘Operating results non-GAAP information’ for additional tables presenting information which supplements our financial information provided on a GAAP basis.
During 2019, we acquired multiple local television stations and multicast networks. Specifically, we acquired the Gray stations (January 2, 2019), Justice (recently rebranded as True Crime Network) and Quest multicast networks (June 18, 2019), the Dispatch stations (August 8, 2019) and the Nexstar stations (September 19, 2019). See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for further details. The multicast networks, Dispatch stations, and Nexstar stations are collectively referred to as the “2019 Acquisitions” in the discussion that follows. These 2019 Acquisitions did not contribute to the periods prior to their acquisition in our financial statements which impacts the year-to-year comparability of our consolidated operating results. The Gray stations do not impact the 2020 to 2019 year-to-year comparability, but do impact 2020 to 2018 year-to-year comparability.
As discussed above, our operating results are subject to significant fluctuations across yearly periods (driven by even-year election cycles). As such, our management team and Board of Directors also review current period operating results compared to the prior two year period (e.g., 2020 vs. 2018). We believe this comparison will also provide useful information to investors, and therefore, we have supplemented our prior year comparison of consolidated results to also include a comparison against 2018 results (through operating income). For purposes of this comparison, the definition of “2019 Acquisitions” also includes the operating results of the Gray stations (as this acquisition does impact the 2020 to 2018 year-to-year comparability).
For a comparative discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020.
A consolidated summary of our results is presented below (in thousands):
2020 2019 Change from 2019 2018 Change from 2018
Revenues: $ 2,937,780 $ 2,299,497 28% $ 2,207,282 33%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues 1,503,287 1,228,237 22% 1,065,933 41%
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses 365,601 326,804 12% 315,320 16%
Corporate - General and administrative expenses 73,295 80,144 (9%) 52,467 40%
Depreciation 66,880 60,525 10% 55,949 20%
Amortization of intangible assets 67,690 50,104 35% 30,838 ***
Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net (9,955) (5,335) 87% (11,701) (15%)
Total 2,066,798 1,740,479 19% 1,508,806 37%
Operating income 870,982 559,018 56% 698,476 25%
Non-operating income (expense):
Equity income in unconsolidated investments, net 10,397 10,149 2% 13,792 (25%)
Interest expense (210,294) (205,470) 2% (192,065) 9%
Other non-operating items, net (34,029) 11,960 *** (11,496) ***
Total (233,926) (183,361) 28% (189,769) 23%
Income before income taxes 637,056 375,657 70% 508,707 25%
Provision for income taxes 154,293 89,422 73% 107,367 44%
Income from continuing operations 482,763 286,235 69% 401,340 20%
Earnings per share from continuing operations- basic 2.20 1.32 67% 1.86 18%
Earnings per share - from continuing operations diluted $ 2.19 $ 1.31 67% $ 1.85 18%
*** Not meaningful
Revenues
Our Subscription revenue category includes revenue earned from cable and satellite providers for the right to carry our signals and the distribution of TEGNA stations on OTT streaming services. Our AMS category includes all sources of our traditional television advertising and digital revenues including Premion and other digital advertising and marketing revenues across our platforms.
While we expect the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to continue to have a dampening effect on non-political advertising placements and revenues while containment measures are in place and possibly longer, it is too early to tell with any kind of precision how or the extent to which future declines in non-political advertising revenues, particularly with respect to local AMS advertising, will impact our revenues and operating results in future quarters.
The following table summarizes the year-over-year changes in our revenue categories (in thousands):
2020 2019 Change from 2019 2018 Change from 2018
Subscription $ 1,286,611 $ 1,005,030 28% $ 840,838 53%
Advertising & Marketing Services 1,174,774 1,226,607 (4%) 1,106,754 6%
Political 445,535 38,478 *** 233,613 91%
Other 30,860 29,382 5% 26,077 18%
Total revenues $ 2,937,780 $ 2,299,497 28% $ 2,207,282 33%
*** Not meaningful
2020 vs. 2019
Total revenues increased $638.3 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $296.7 million to this increase. Excluding the 2019 Acquisitions from both periods, total revenues increased $341.6 million. This increase was primarily due to a $363.8 million increase in legacy station political advertising, reflecting increased spending on the elections and a $141.3 million increase in legacy subscription revenue from annual rate increases under existing and newly renegotiated retransmission agreements. This increase was partially offset by a decline in legacy AMS revenue of $166.2 million primarily driven by reduced advertising demand caused by COVID-19, partially offset by increases from Premion revenue.
2020 vs. 2018
Total revenues increased $730.5 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $480.8 million to this increase. Excluding the 2019 Acquisitions, total revenues increased $249.7 million. This increase was primarily due to a $236.6 million increase in legacy subscription revenue from annual rate increases under existing and newly renegotiated retransmission agreements and a $161.7 million increase in legacy station political advertising, reflecting increased spending on the elections. This increase was partially offset by a decline in legacy AMS revenue of $153.8 million primarily driven by reduced advertising demand caused by COVID-19, partially offset by increases from Premion revenue.
Cost of revenues
2020 vs. 2019
Cost of revenues increased $275.1 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $152.0 million to this increase. Excluding the 2019 Acquisitions from both periods, cost of revenues increased $123.1 million. This increase was primarily due to a $120.0 million increase in programming costs, due to the combination of growth in subscription revenues (certain programming costs are linked to such revenues) and annual fee escalators with other programming arrangements.
2020 vs. 2018
Cost of revenues increased $437.4 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $248.4 million to this increase. Excluding the 2019 Acquisitions, cost of revenues increased $189.0 million. This increase was primarily due to a $183.1 million increase in programming costs, due to the combination of growth in subscription revenues (certain programming costs are linked to such revenues) and annual fee escalators with other programming arrangements.
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses
2020 vs. 2019
Business unit selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased $38.8 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed expenses of $33.2 million to this increase. Excluding the 2019 Acquisitions from both periods, SG&A expenses increased $5.6 million primarily due to increases to bad debt expense and outside professional services costs.
2020 vs. 2018
Business unit SG&A expenses increased $50.3 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions added business unit SG&A expenses of $58.7 million. Excluding the 2019 Acquisitions, SG&A expenses decreased $8.4 million. The decrease was primarily the result of an $7.7 million reduction of professional and legal costs (due to now settled Department of Justice Antitrust Division matter). This decline was partially offset by $3.0 million primarily due to increases to bad debt expense.
Corporate - General and administrative expenses
Our corporate costs are separated from our business expenses and are recorded as general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Income. This category primarily consists of broad corporate management functions including Legal, Human Resources, and Finance, as well as activities and costs not directly attributable to the operations of our media business.
2020 vs. 2019
Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased $6.8 million in 2020. The decrease was primarily due to incurring $36.8 million less of acquisition-related costs (principally advisory fees) due to the reduction of acquisition activity in 2020. This decline was partially offset by incurring $23.1 million of costs for successful activism defense and $4.6 million of M&A due diligence costs in 2020.
2020 vs. 2018
Corporate general and administrative expenses increased $20.8 million in 2020. The increase was primarily due to $23.1 million of costs for successful activism defense and $4.6 million of M&A due diligence costs in 2020. Excluding these professional fees, corporate expenses were down approximately $6.9 million, primarily due to a decline in workforce restructuring charges of $5.4 million as well as the full-year impact of certain cost-saving initiatives implemented in 2018.
Depreciation expense
2020 vs. 2019
Depreciation expense increased $6.4 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $8.9 million to this increase. Excluding the impact of 2019 Acquisitions from both periods, depreciation expense decreased $2.5 million due to certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives.
2020 vs. 2018
Depreciation expense increased $10.9 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $15.0 million to the increase. Excluding the impact of 2019 Acquisitions, depreciation expense decreased $4.1 million due to certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives.
Amortization of intangible assets
2020 vs. 2019
Intangible asset amortization expense increased $17.6 million in 2020. Intangibles from our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $22.1 million to this increase. Excluding the impact of the 2019 Acquisitions from both periods, amortization expense decreased $4.5 million due to certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives.
2020 vs. 2018
Intangible asset amortization expense increased $36.9 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $41.1 million to this increase. Excluding the impact of the 2019 Acquisitions, amortization expense decreased $4.2 million due to certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives.
Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net
2020 vs. 2019
We had other net gains of $10.0 million in 2020 compared to net gains of $5.3 million in 2019. The 2020 net gains primarily consisted of $13.2 million of reimbursements received from the FCC for required spectrum repacking, partially offset by a $2.1 million impairment charge due to the retirement of a brand name and a $1.1 million FCC license impairment charge. The 2019 net gains consisted of gains of $17.0 million of reimbursements received from the Federal Communications Commission for required spectrum repacking and a gain of $2.9 million as a result of the sale of certain real estate. These gains were partially offset by a $5.5 million in contract termination charge and transition costs related to bringing our national sales
organization in-house and $9.1 million of non-cash charges to reduce the value of certain assets classified as held-for-sale.
2020 vs. 2018
We had other net gains of $10.0 million in 2020 compared to net gains of $11.7 million in 2018. The 2020 net gains are discussed in the prior year comparison above. The 2018 net gains primarily consisted of $7.4 million of spectrum repack reimbursements and a $6.0 million gain recognized on the sale of real estate in Houston.
Operating income
2020 vs. 2019
Our operating income increased $312.0 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $80.5 million to this increase. Excluding the impact of 2019 Acquisitions from both periods, operating income increased $231.5 million. Our operating margins were 29.6% in 2020 compared to 24.3% in 2019. The increase was driven by the changes in revenues and expenses discussed above.
2020 vs. 2018
Operating income increased $172.5 million in 2020. Our 2019 Acquisitions contributed $117.7 million in operating income. Excluding the impact of 2019 Acquisitions, operating income increased $54.8 million. The increase in operating income was driven by the changes in revenues and expenses discussed above. Our operating margins were 29.6% in 2020 compared to 31.6% in 2018. The decline in margin was primarily driven by the increases in programming costs and intangible amortization.
Programming and payroll expense trends
Programming and payroll expenses are the two largest elements of our operating expenses, and are summarized below, expressed as a percentage of total operating expenses. Programming expenses as a percentage of total operating expenses have increased due to an increase in reverse compensation payments to our network affiliation partners associated with higher subscription revenues. Payroll expenses have increased during 2020 primarily due to our 2019 Acquisitions, but as a percentage of total operating expenses have decreased in 2020 primarily due to increases in programming expenses, which make up a larger percentage of operating costs.
Percentage of total operating expenses
Expense Category 2020 2019 2018
Programming expenses 40.1% 35.5% 33.3%
Payroll expenses 26.7% 28.6% 29.8%
Non-operating income and expense
Equity income: This income statement category reflects earnings or losses from our equity method investments. Equity income increased from $10.1 million in 2019 to $10.4 million in 2020. The 2020 income was primarily due to equity income from our CareerBuilder investment (which sold several subsidiary businesses in 2020). The 2019 income was primarily due to a gain of $12.2 million recognized in connection with the sale of our investment in Captivate.
Interest expense: Interest expense increased $4.8 million in 2020 as compared to 2019, primarily due to a higher average outstanding total debt balance (reflective of borrowings to finance the 2019 Acquisitions), partially offset by lower interest rates, driven by refinancings. The total average outstanding debt was $4.02 billion in 2020 compared to $3.37 billion in 2019. The impact of the increase in outstanding debt was partially offset by a decrease in the weighted average interest rate on total outstanding debt, which was 5.03% in 2020 compared to 5.85% in 2019.
A further discussion of our borrowing and related interest cost is presented in the “Liquidity and capital resources” section of this report beginning on page 34 and in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
Other non-operating items, net: Other non-operating items increased $46.0 million from a net income of $12.0 million in 2019 to a net expense of $34.0 million in 2020. This change was comprised of charges incurred in 2020 including a $17.3 million call premium related to the repayment of our 2023 and 2024 unsecured senior notes; and acceleration of $11.8 million of previously deferred financing fees associated with early repayment of unsecured senior notes in 2020. In addition, the increase was driven by the $9.2 million impairment of an equity investment in 2020 and the absence of a $7.3 million gain we recognized from the acquisition of Justice and Quest in 2019.
Provision for income taxes
We reported pre-tax income of $637.1 million for 2020. The effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 24.2%, which is comparable to the effective tax rate in 2019 of 23.8%. Further information concerning income tax matters is contained in Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements.
Income from continuing operations
Income from continuing operations and related per share amounts are presented in the table below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
2020 Change 2019
Income from continuing operations $ 482,763 69% $ 286,235
Per basic share $ 2.20 67% $ 1.32
Per diluted share $ 2.19 67% $ 1.31
Our 2020 earnings per share was higher than 2019 due to the factors discussed above including, most notably, the increase in political revenue reflecting increased spending on elections, increase in subscription revenue from annual rate increases under existing and newly renegotiated retransmission agreements, partially offset by a decline of AMS due, in part, to reduced advertising demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Operating results non-GAAP information
Presentation of non-GAAP information: We use non-GAAP financial performance measures to supplement the financial information presented on a GAAP basis. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the related GAAP measures, nor should they be considered superior to the related GAAP measures, and should be read together with financial information presented on a GAAP basis. Also, our non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
Management and our Board of Directors use the non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of evaluating company performance. Furthermore, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors uses non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP EPS, and free cash flow to evaluate management’s performance. Therefore, we believe that each of the non-GAAP measures presented provides useful information to investors and other stakeholders by allowing them to view our business through the eyes of management and our Board of Directors, facilitating comparisons of results across historical periods and focus on the underlying ongoing operating performance of our business. We also believe these non-GAAP measures are frequently used by investors, securities analysts and other interested parties in their evaluation of our business and other companies in the broadcast industry.
We discuss in this Form 10-K non-GAAP financial performance measures that exclude from our reported GAAP results the impact of “special items” which are described in detail below in the section titled “Discussion of special charges and credits affecting reporting results”. We believe that such expenses and gains are not indicative of normal, ongoing operations. While these items may be recurring in nature and should not be disregarded in evaluation of our earnings performance, it is useful to exclude such items when analyzing current results and trends compared to other periods as these items can vary significantly from period to period depending on specific underlying transactions or events that may occur. Therefore, while we may incur or recognize these types of expenses, charges and gains in the future, we believe that removing these items for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with a more focused presentation of our ongoing operating performance.
We discuss Adjusted EBITDA (with and without corporate expenses), a non-GAAP financial performance measure that we believe offers a useful view of the overall operation of our businesses. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income attributable to TEGNA before (1) net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest, (2) income taxes, (3) interest expense, (4) equity income in unconsolidated investments, net, (5) other non-operating items, net, (6) workforce restructuring expense, (7) M&A due diligence costs, (8) acquisition-related costs, (9) advisory fees related to activism defense, (10) spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net, (11) depreciation and (12) amortization. We believe these adjustments facilitate company-to-company operating performance comparisons by removing potential differences caused by variations unrelated to operating performance, such as capital structures (interest expense), income taxes, and the age and book appreciation of property and equipment (and related depreciation expense). The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to Adjusted EBITDA is Net income attributable to TEGNA. Users should consider the limitations of using Adjusted EBITDA, including the fact that this measure does not provide a complete measure of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to purport to be an alternate to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. In particular, Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management’s discretionary expenditures, as this measure does not consider certain cash requirements, such as working capital needs, capital expenditures, contractual commitments, interest payments, tax payments and other debt service requirements.
We also discuss free cash flow, a non-GAAP performance measure that the Board of Directors uses to review the performance of the business. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to free cash flow is Net income attributable to TEGNA. Free cash flow is calculated as non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA (as defined above), further adjusted by adding back (1) stock-based compensation, (2) non-cash 401(k) company match, (3) syndicated programming amortization, (4) pension reimbursements, (5) dividends received from equity method investments and (6) reimbursements from spectrum repacking. This is further adjusted by deducting payments made for (1) syndicated programming, (2) pension, (3) interest, (4) taxes (net of refunds) and (5) purchases of property and equipment. Like Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management’s discretionary use.
Discussion of special charges and credits affecting reported results: Our results during 2020 and 2019 included the following items we consider “special items” that while at times recurring, can vary significantly from period to period:
Results for the year ended December 31, 2020:
•Workforce restructuring expense which included payroll and related benefit costs at our stations (including the shutdown of our TMS Phoenix operations) and corporate headquarters;
•M&A due diligence costs we incurred to assist prospective buyers of our company with their due diligence;
•Advisory fees related to activism defense;
•Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net consists of gains due to reimbursements from the FCC for required spectrum repacking, partially offset by an intangible asset impairment charge due to the retirement of a brand name and an FCC license impairment charge related to a radio station;
•Gains recognized in our equity income in unconsolidated investments, primarily related to our share of CareerBuilder’s gain on the sale of certain subsidiary businesses;
•Other non-operating items primarily related to costs incurred in connection with the early extinguishment of debt, and an impairment from one of our investments; and
•Deferred tax benefits related to partial capital loss valuation allowance release.
Results for the year ended December 31, 2019:
•Workforce restructuring expense which included payroll and related benefit costs at our stations and corporate headquarters;
•Acquisition-related costs which primarily included advisory fees associated with business acquisitions;
•Advisory fees related to activism defense;
•Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net was comprised of gains due to reimbursements from the FCC for required spectrum repacking, non-cash charges to reduce the value of certain assets classified as held-for-sale, gains recognized on the sale of real estate, and a contract termination and incremental transition costs related to bringing our national sales organization in-house;
•Gains recognized in our equity income in unconsolidated investments as a result of the sale of two investments;
•Other non-operating items primarily related to a gain for the remeasurement of our previously held ownership in Justice Network and Quest to fair value, a charitable donation made to the TEGNA Foundation, costs incurred in connection with the early extinguishment of debt, and a gain due to an observable price increase in an equity investment; and
•Realization of discrete tax benefits related to one of the recent acquisitions and a previously-disposed business.
Below are reconciliations of certain line items impacted by special items to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP on our Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Special Items
Year ended Dec. 31, 2020 GAAP
measure Workforce restructuring expense M&A due diligence costs Advisory fees related to activism defense Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other Gains on equity method investment Other non-operating items Special tax items Non-GAAP measure
Cost of revenues $ 1,503,287 $ (595) $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,502,692
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses 365,601 (372) - - - - - - 365,229
Corporate - General and administrative expenses 73,295 (54) (4,588) (23,087) - - - - 45,566
Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net (9,955) - - - 9,955 - - - -
Operating expenses 2,066,798 (1,021) (4,588) (23,087) 9,955 - - - 2,048,057
Operating income 870,982 1,021 4,588 23,087 (9,955) - - - 889,723
Equity income (loss) in unconsolidated investments, net 10,397 - - - - (22,606) - - (12,209)
Other non-operating items, net (34,029) - - - - - 38,319 - 4,290
Total non-operating expenses (233,926) - - - - (22,606) 38,319 - (218,213)
Income before income taxes 637,056 1,021 4,588 23,087 (9,955) (22,606) 38,319 - 671,510
Provision for income taxes 154,293 256 1,151 5,801 (2,646) (5,703) 7,357 3,944 164,453
Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. 482,778 765 3,437 17,286 (7,309) (16,903) 30,962 (3,944) 507,072
Net income per share - diluted $ 2.19 $ - $ 0.02 $ 0.08 $ (0.03) $ (0.08) $ 0.14 $ (0.02) $ 2.30
Special Items
Year ended Dec. 31, 2019 GAAP
measure Workforce restructuring expense Acquisition-related costs Advisory fees related to activism defense Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other Gains on equity method investments Other non-operating items Special tax items Non-GAAP measure
Cost of revenues $ 1,228,237 $ (4,651) $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,223,586
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses 326,804 (1,490) - - - - - - 325,314
Corporate - General and administrative expenses 80,144 (223) (30,756) (6,080) - - - - 43,085
Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net (5,335) - - - 5,335 - - - -
Operating expenses 1,740,479 (6,364) (30,756) (6,080) 5,335 - - - 1,702,614
Operating income 559,018 6,364 30,756 6,080 (5,335) - - - 596,883
Equity income (loss) in unconsolidated investments, net 10,149 - - - - (13,126) - - (2,977)
Other non-operating items, net 11,960 - - - - - (8,891) - 3,069
Total non-operating expenses (183,361) - - - - (13,126) (8,891) - (205,378)
Income before income taxes 375,657 6,364 30,756 6,080 (5,335) (13,126) (8,891) - 391,505
Provision for income taxes 89,422 1,596 6,249 1,472 (1,311) (3,169) (2,230) (568) 91,461
Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. 286,235 4,768 24,507 4,608 (4,024) (9,957) (6,661) 568 300,044
Net income per share - diluted (a)
$ 1.31 $ 0.02 $ 0.11 $ 0.02 $ (0.02) $ (0.05) $ (0.03) $ - $ 1.38
(a) Per share amounts do not sum due to rounding.
Non-GAAP consolidated results
The following is a comparison of our as adjusted non-GAAP financial results between 2020 and 2019. Changes between the periods are driven by the same factors summarized above in the “Results of Operations” section within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (in thousands, except per share amounts).
2020 Change
Adjusted operating expenses $ 2,048,057 20% $ 1,702,614
Adjusted operating income 889,723 49% 596,883
Adjusted equity loss in unconsolidated investments, net (12,209) *** (2,977)
Adjusted other non-operating income 4,290 40% 3,069
Adjusted total non-operating (expense) (218,213) 6% (205,378)
Adjusted income before income taxes 671,510 72% 391,505
Adjusted provision for income taxes 164,453 80% 91,461
Adjusted net income attributable to TEGNA Inc.
507,072 69% 300,044
Adjusted net income per share - diluted $ 2.30 67% $ 1.38
Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP
Reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA (inclusive and exclusive of Corporate expenses) to net income from continuing operations presented in accordance with GAAP on our Consolidated Statements of Income is presented below (in thousands):
2020 Change
Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. (GAAP basis)
$ 482,778 69% $ 286,235
Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest (15) *** -
Plus: Provision for income taxes 154,293 73% 89,422
Plus: Interest expense 210,294 2% 205,470
Less: Equity income in unconsolidated investments, net (10,397) 2% (10,149)
Plus (Less): Other non-operating items, net 34,029 *** (11,960)
Operating income (GAAP basis) $ 870,982 56% $ 559,018
Plus: Workforce restructuring expense 1,021 (84%) 6,364
Plus: M&A due diligence and acquisition-related costs 4,588 (85%) 30,756
Plus: Advisory fees related to activism defense 23,087 *** 6,080
Less: Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net (9,955) 87% (5,335)
Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP basis) $ 889,723 49% $ 596,883
Plus: Depreciation
66,880 10% 60,525
Plus: Amortization of intangible assets 67,690 35% 50,104
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP basis) $ 1,024,293 45% $ 707,512
Corporate - General and administrative expense (non-GAAP basis) 45,566 6% 43,085
Adjusted EBITDA, excluding Corporate (non-GAAP basis) $ 1,069,859 43% $ 750,597
*** Not meaningful
Adjusted EBITDA margin was 36% (without corporate expense) and 35% including corporate. Our total Adjusted EBITDA increased $316.8 million or 45% in 2020 compared to 2019. Our 2019 Acquisitions added $111.5 million of Adjusted EBITDA. Excluding the 2019 Acquisitions, Adjusted EBITDA increased by $205.3 million. This increase was primarily driven by the operational factors discussed above within the revenue and operating expense fluctuation explanation sections, most notably, the increase in political revenue in 2020.
Free cash flow reconciliation
Our free cash flow, a non-GAAP performance measure, was $741.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $376.2 million for the same period in 2019. Our free cash flow in 2020 was higher compared to 2019 primarily due to higher EBITDA and lower capital expenditures.
Reconciliations from “Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc.” to “Free cash flow” are presented below (in thousands):
2020 2019
Net Income attributable to TEGNA Inc. (GAAP basis) $ 482,778 $ 286,235
Plus: Provision for income taxes 154,293 89,422
Plus: Interest expense 210,294 205,470
Plus: M&A due diligence and acquisition-related costs 4,588 30,756
Plus: Depreciation 66,880 60,525
Plus: Amortization 67,690 50,104
Plus: Stock-based compensation 20,306 20,146
Plus: Company stock 401(k) contribution 16,469 9,558
Plus: Syndicated programming amortization 71,078 60,757
Plus: Workforce restructuring expense 1,021 6,364
Plus: Advisory fees related to activism defense 23,087 6,080
Plus: Cash dividend from equity investments for return on capital 6,373 1,325
Plus: Cash reimbursements from spectrum repacking 13,180 16,974
Plus (Less): Other non-operating items, net 34,029 (11,960)
Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest (15) -
Less: Tax payments, net of refunds (84,889) (84,045)
Less: Spectrum repacking reimbursement and other, net (9,955) (5,335)
Less: Equity income in unconsolidated investments, net (10,397) (10,149)
Less: Syndicated programming payments (74,279) (58,436)
Less: Pension contributions (5,133) (23,101)
Less: Interest payments (200,766) (186,086)
Less: Purchases of property and equipment (45,499) (88,356)
Free cash flow (non-GAAP basis) $ 741,133 $ 376,248
FINANCIAL POSITION
Liquidity and capital resources
Our operations have historically generated strong positive operating cash flow which, along with availability under our existing revolving credit facility as well as cash and cash equivalents on hand, have been sufficient to fund our capital expenditures, interest expense, dividends, investments in strategic initiatives (including acquisitions) and other operating requirements.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching material adverse impacts on many aspects of our operations, directly and indirectly, including our employees, consumer behavior, distribution of our content, our vendors, and the overall market. In light of the uncertain situation relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, we took a number of precautionary measures to mitigate the financial impact of the pandemic, and minimize the resultant risks to our company, employees, our shareholders, customers, and the communities in which we serve. Such steps included the following:
• Refinanced $538.0 million of debt with maturities in 2021 or 2024 to 2026;
• Amended our revolving credit facility on June 11, 2020 to extend the initial step-down of the maximum permitted total leverage ratio by 15 months. Under the amendment our maximum leverage ratio covenant will remain at 5.50x until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022;
• Implemented temporary company-wide one-week furlough program of our workforce during the second quarter of 2020;
• Announced temporary pay reductions of 8% for certain key newsroom personnel, 20% for general managers and all corporate executive and senior vice presidents, and 25% for our CEO and Board of Directors during the second quarter of 2020, in lieu of the one week furlough;
• Reduced and/or deferred capital expenditures and non-critical operating expenses; and
• Implemented travel bans and restrictions.
During 2020 several pieces of legislation were enacted in response to COVID-19. The most impactful to TEGNA was the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act) on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provided numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures. We benefited from the CARES Act as a result of lower 2020 tax payments of approximately $5 million from the provisions that allow for (1) immediate deduction of any eligible leasehold improvements placed in service during 2018 and 2019, and (2) temporary relaxation of net interest deduction limitations which will allow us to
immediately deduct 2019 interest expense that would otherwise have been disallowed and carried forward to future periods. We also elected to defer the employer portion of the social security payroll tax (6.2%) as outlined within the CARES Act. The deferral was effective from March 27, 2020 through December 31, 2020. This produced a cash flow benefit of approximately $20 million in 2020. The deferred amount will be paid in two installments and the amount will be considered timely paid if 50% of the deferred amount is paid by December 31, 2021 and the remainder by December 31, 2022.
As we summarize in the Long-term debt section below, during 2020 we completed several strategic actions which have positioned us to continue to pursue strategic acquisition opportunities that may develop in our sector, invest in new content and revenue initiatives, and grow revenue in fiscal year 2021. Over the longer term, we expect to continue to fund debt maturities, acquisitions and investments through a combination of cash flows from operations, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and funds raised in the capital markets.
Since 2017, we have been paying a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share. We paid dividends totaling $76.5 million in 2020 and $60.6 million in 2019. We expect to continue paying comparable regular cash dividends in the future. The rate and frequency of future dividends will depend on future earnings, capital requirements and financial condition and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors.
As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in our debt agreements and credit facility and our leverage ratio, calculated in accordance with our revolving credit agreement and term loan agreements, was 3.86x, well below the permitted leverage ratio of less than 5.50x. The leverage ratio is calculated using annualized adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the agreement) for the trailing eight quarters. We believe that we will remain compliant with all covenants for the foreseeable future. Our financial and operating performance, as well as our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to maintain compliance with credit facility covenants, are subject to certain risk factors; see Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion.
Contractual obligations
An important use of our liquidity pertains to purchasing programming rights. Most of our stations have network affiliations agreements with major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox). Under these agreements the television networks produce and distribute programming to us in exchange for our stations commitments to air the programming at specified times and to pay the networks compensation at fixed or variable rates (such as a rate per number of MVPD subscribers accessing the programming). The network affiliation agreements generally have a three-year term. In addition, programming commitments include acquired syndicated programming (television series and movies that are purchased on a group basis for use by our owned stations). These contracts typically cover a period of up to five years, with payments typically made over several years. As of December 31, 2020, we had total programming commitments of $2.20 billion, of which $810.0 million will be settled within the next twelve months. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding programming commitments.
We also secure our on-air talent and other key personnel at our television stations through multi-year talent and employment agreements. We expect our contracts for talent and other key personnel will be renewed or replaced with similar agreements upon their expiration. As of December 31, 2020, amounts due under these contracts were approximately $201.8 million, of which approximately $121.3 million will be paid within the next twelve months.
Other material contractual obligations include our operating leases (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further details) as well as our long-term debt and interest payments (see ‘Long-term debt’ section below, as well as Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further details).
The following table provides a summary of our cash flow information for the three years ended December 31, 2020 followed by a discussion of the key elements of our cash flows (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year $ 29,404 $ 135,862 $ 128,041
Operating activities:
Net income 482,763 286,235 405,665
Non-cash adjustments 202,189 156,858 108,955
Changes in working capital 102,198 (123,048) 47,799
Changes in other assets and liabilities 17,986 (22,572) (35,210)
Net cash flows from operating activities 805,136 297,473 527,209
Investing activities:
Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired (34,841) (1,514,183) (328,433)
All other investing activities (24,680) (49,287) (45,983)
Net cash used for investing activities (59,521) (1,563,470) (374,416)
Financing activities:
(Payment of) proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility, net (548,000) 853,000 50,000
Proceeds from borrowings 1,550,000 1,100,000 -
Debt repayments (1,623,000) (710,000) (121,146)
Dividends paid (76,465) (60,624) (60,290)
All other financing activities (36,586) (22,837) (13,536)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities (734,051) 1,159,539 (144,972)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 11,564 (106,458) 7,821
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year $ 40,968 $ 29,404 $ 135,862
Operating Activities
Cash flow from operating activities was $805.1 million in 2020, compared to $297.5 million in 2019. This $507.6 million increase was primarily driven by the $407.1 million increase in political revenue in 2020. As political advertisements are typically paid upfront, they provide an immediate benefit to operating cash flow as compared to non-political advertising which is billed and collected in arrears after the advertisement has been delivered. Also contributing to the increase was a favorable change in accounts receivable of $113.7 million due to increases in cash collection on AMS. These increases were partially offset by an increase in interest payments of $14.7 million.
Investing Activities
Cash flow used for investing activities was $59.5 million in 2020, compared to $1.56 billion in 2019. The decrease of $1.50 billion was primary due to $34.8 million being spent on acquisitions in 2020 as compared to cash used in 2019 of $1.51 billion for the acquisitions of the Gray Stations, Justice and Quest multicast networks, Dispatch stations, and Nexstar stations.
Financing Activities
Cash flow used for financing activities was $734.1 million in 2020, compared to cash provided by financing of $1.16 billion in 2019. The change was primarily due to debt activity. Specifically, in January 2020 we issued $1.0 billion of senior unsecured notes, the proceeds of which were used to early redeem $650.0 million of senior unsecured notes due in October 2023 and $310.0 million due in July 2020. Additionally, in September 2020 we issued $550 million of senior unsecured notes. In October 2020 we repaid the entire $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.875% senior unsecured notes due in 2021 and $188 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.500% senior unsecured notes due in 2024.
In 2019, we issued $1.1 billion of senior unsecured notes, the proceeds of which were used to finance a portion of the acquisition of the Nexstar Stations, and along with borrowing under the revolving credit facility, to repay the remaining $320 million of notes due in October 2019 and early repay $290 million of our $600 million senior unsecured notes due in July 2020. We also paid down $548.0 million on our revolving credit facility in 2020 as compared to borrowing $853.0 million in 2019.
For a comparative discussion of changes in our cash flow comparing the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, see “Part II, Item 7. Financial Position” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020.
Long-term debt
As of December 31, 2020, our total principal debt outstanding was $3.58 billion, cash and cash equivalents totaled $41.0 million, and we had unused borrowing capacity of $1.13 billion under our revolving credit facility, which is our primary source for funding short-term cash requirements. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $3.23 billion, or 90%, of our debt had a fixed interest rate. See “Note 6 Long-term debt” to our consolidated financial statements for a table summarizing the components of our long-term debt.
On January 9, 2020 we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes bearing an interest rate of 4.625% which are due in March 2028. These senior notes, as well as those issued in September 2019, include customary market covenants and call provisions consistent with our past issuances. On February 11, 2020 we used the net proceeds to repay the remaining $310 million principal amount of our 5.125% Senior Notes due 2020, the $650 million principal amount of our 6.375% Senior Notes due 2023, a $13.8 million call premium on our 6.375% Senior Notes due 2023 and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
On September 10, 2020, we issued $550 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes bearing an interest rate of 4.750% which are due in March 2026. The proceeds were used to reduce borrowings from our revolving credit facility.
On October 13, 2020 we utilized our revolving credit facility to repay the entire $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.875% Senior Notes due in 2021 and $188 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.500% Senior Notes due in 2024 and a $3.4 million redemption premium on our Senior Notes due in 2024.
We expect our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from our operations and borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility will be sufficient to satisfy our debt service obligations, capital expenditure requirements, and working capital needs for the next twelve months. Our interest payments and debt maturities may be repaid with cash flow from operating activities, accessing capital markets or a combination of both. Interest payments on the senior notes are based on the stated cash coupon rate. As of December 31, 2020, we had future interest payments on our senior notes of $1.19 billion, of which $167.8 million will be paid within the next twelve months. We also had $355.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2020. Future interest payments on the revolving credit facility are not known with certainty as payments into and out of the credit facility can change daily and interest payments are based variable interest rates. For illustrative purposes, assuming the December 31, 2020 revolving credit facility balance does not change during 2021 and rates remain at the same level as those existing as of December 31, 2020, we estimate interest payments in 2021 will be approximately $9.6 million.
The following schedule discloses future annual maturities of the principal amount of total debt due (in thousands):
Repayment schedule of principal long-term debt as of Dec. 31, 2020
2021 $ -
2022 -
2023 -
2024 (1)
492,000
2025 -
Thereafter 3,090,000
Total $ 3,582,000
(1) Assumes the current revolving credit facility borrowings come due in 2024 and the revolving credit facility is not extended.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission include the following four categories: obligations under certain guarantee contracts; retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar arrangements that serve as credit, liquidity or market risk support; obligations under certain derivative arrangements classified as equity; and obligations under material variable interests. As of December 31, 2020, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Capital stock
In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. The shares may be repurchased at management’s discretion, either in the open market or in privately negotiated block transactions. Management’s decision to repurchase shares will depend on price and other corporate developments. Purchases may occur from time to time and no maximum purchase price has been set. The program was previously suspended on March 20, 2019 simultaneously with the announcement of our acquisition of the Nexstar-Tribune divestiture stations to prioritize use of cash for debt repayment associated with those acquisitions. In 2018, approximately 545,000 shares were purchased for $5.8 million. Certain of the shares we previously acquired have been reissued in settlement of employee stock awards.
The renewal of the share repurchase program demonstrates the Board’s and management’s confidence in the business and continued focus on making prudent, disciplined decisions intended to drive near and long-term shareholder value. Our capital allocation decisions focus on optimizing investments in organic and inorganic growth opportunities, paying down debt, issuing dividends, and repurchasing shares.
Our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2020, totaled 219,500,272 shares, compared with 217,463,550 shares as of December 31, 2019.
Critical accounting policies and the use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are material to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most subjective and complex judgments. This commentary should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the remainder of this Form 10-K.
Goodwill: As of December 31, 2020, our goodwill balance was $3.0 billion and represented approximately 43% of our total assets. Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at a level referred to as the reporting unit. A reporting unit is a business for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results. The level at which we test goodwill for impairment requires us to determine whether the operations below the operating segment level constitute a reporting unit. We have determined that our one segment, Media, consists of a single reporting unit.
Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis (first day of our fourth quarter) or between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances occurred that indicate the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying amount.
Before performing the annual goodwill impairment test quantitatively, we first have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if the quantitative test must be completed. The qualitative assessment considers events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company and specific reporting unit specifications. If after performing this assessment, we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we are required to perform the quantitative test. Otherwise, the quantitative test is not required. In 2020, we elected not to perform the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead performed the quantitative impairment test.
When performing the quantitative test, we determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the reporting unit’s goodwill is impaired and we recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and fair value.
We estimate the fair value of our one reporting unit based on a market-based valuation methodology, which is primarily based on our consolidated market capitalization plus a control premium. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we completed our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting unit. The results of the test indicated that the estimated fair value of our reporting unit significantly exceeded the carrying value. We do not believe that the reporting unit is currently at risk of incurring a goodwill impairment in the foreseeable future.
Impairment assessment inherently involves management judgments regarding the assumptions described above. Fair value of the reporting unit also depends on the future strength of the economy in our principal media markets. New and developing competition as well as technological change could also adversely affect our stock price and future fair value estimates.
Indefinite Lived Intangibles: Consist entirely of FCC broadcast licenses related to our acquisitions of television stations. As of December 31, 2020, indefinite lived intangible assets were $2.1 billion and represented approximately 31% of our total assets.
The FCC broadcast licenses are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the date of the business acquisition. We determine the fair value of each FCC broadcast license using an income approach referred to as the Greenfield method. The Greenfield method utilizes a discounted cash flow model that incorporates several key assumptions, including market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and a discount rate (determined using a weighted average cost of capital). Since these licenses are considered indefinite lived intangible assets we do not amortize them, rather they are tested for impairment annually (on the first day of our fourth quarter), or more often if circumstances dictate, for impairment and written down to fair value as required.
We have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite lived asset is more than its carrying amount. If that is the case, then we do not need to perform the quantitative analysis. The qualitative assessment considers trends in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the indefinite lived asset. In 2020, we elected to perform the quantitative assessment for FCC licenses acquired in the 2018 KFMB acquisition as well as those acquired in our 2019 acquisitions, which represented an aggregate carrying value of $897.7 million. These licenses have more limited headroom due to the fact that we recently recorded them at fair value upon their respective acquisition. To estimate the fair values for this subset of our FCC broadcast licenses, we applied an income approach, using the Greenfield method. The results of our 2020 annual impairment test of FCC broadcast licenses indicated the fair value of a radio license was less than its carrying amount; and therefore, a $1.1 million impairment charge was recorded. No other impairments occurred in 2020.
We performed the optional qualitative assessment for all of our other FCC licenses, which represented an aggregate carrying value of $1.23 billion. In performing the qualitative impairment analysis, we analyzed trends in the significant inputs used in the fair value determination of the FCC license assets. This included reviewing trends in market revenues, market share, profit margins, long-term expected growth rates, and changes in the discount rate. The results of our qualitative procedures showed no material adverse change in inputs that would indicate an impairment exists since the last quantitative test of these assets. As such, we concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these indefinite lived FCC broadcast licenses was more than their carrying amounts. Therefore, we did not perform a quantitative test on these FCC licenses in 2020.
The quantitative and qualitative analysis performed included projected estimated economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. A sustained economic decline resulting from COVID-19 larger than what was projected in our analysis could result in future non-cash impairment charges of our recently acquired FCC licenses, and any related impairment could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In particular, one recently acquired TV station and one radio station have FCC licenses, that have a combined carrying value of $67.2 million and have individual headroom of less than 5%, and therefore, are at a heightened risk of future impairment. Changes in key fair value assumptions that could result in a future impairment charge include increases in discount rates and declines in market revenues. A 100 basis point increase in our discount rate or a 10% decline in market revenues (holding all other assumptions in the fair value model constant) would result in an aggregate impairment charge of these FCC licenses of less than approximately $8.0 million.
Pension Liabilities: Certain employees participate in qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans (see Note 7 to consolidated financial statements). Our principal defined benefit pension plan is the TEGNA Retirement Plan (TRP). We also sponsor the TEGNA Supplemental Retirement Plan (SERP) for certain employees. Substantially all participants in the TRP and SERP had their benefits frozen before 2009, and in December 2017, we froze all remaining accruing benefits for certain grandfathered SERP participants.
We recognize the net funded status of these postretirement benefit plans as a liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. There is a corresponding non-cash adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits recorded as deferred tax assets, in stockholders’ equity. The funded status represents the difference between the fair value of each plan’s assets and the benefit obligation of the plan. The benefit obligation represents the present value of the estimated future benefits we currently expect to pay to plan participants based on past service.
The plan assets and benefit obligations are measured as of December 31 of each year, or more frequently, upon the occurrence of certain events such as a plan amendment, settlement, or curtailment. The amounts we record are measured using actuarial valuations, which are dependent upon key assumptions such as discount rates, participant mortality rates and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The assumptions we make affect both the calculation of the benefit obligations as of the measurement date and the calculation of net periodic pension expense in subsequent periods. When reassessing these assumptions we consider past and current market conditions and make judgments about future market trends. We also consider factors such as the timing and amounts of expected contributions to the plans and benefit payments to plan participants.
The most important assumptions include the discount rate applied to pension plan obligations and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets related for the TRP (the SERP is an unfunded plan). The discount rate assumption is based on
investment yields available at year-end on corporate bonds rated AA and above with a maturity to match the expected benefit payment stream. A decrease in discount rates would increase pension obligations.
We establish the expected long-term rate of return by developing a forward-looking, long-term return assumption for each pension fund asset class, taking into account factors such as the expected real return for the specific asset class and inflation. A single, long-term rate of return is then calculated as the weighted average of the target asset allocation percentages and the long-term return assumption for each asset class. We apply the expected long-term rate of return to the fair value of its pension assets in determining the dollar amount of its expected return. Changes in the expected long-term return on plan assets would increase or decrease pension plan expense. For 2020, we assumed a rate of 6.75% for our long-term expected return on pension assets used for our TRP plan. As an indication of the sensitivity of pension expense to the long-term rate of return assumption, a plus or minus 50 basis points change in the expected rate of return on pension assets (with all other assumptions held constant) would have decreased or increased estimated pension plan expense for 2020 by approximately $2.3 million. The effects of actual results differing from these assumptions are accumulated as unamortized gains and losses.
For the December 31, 2020 measurement, the assumption used for the discount rate was 2.55% for our principal retirement plan. As an indication of the sensitivity of pension liabilities to the discount rate assumption, a plus or minus 50 basis points change in the discount rate as of the end of 2020 (with all other assumptions held constant) would have decreased or increased plan obligations by approximately $31.2 million. For 2020, the discount rate used to determine the pension expense was 3.30%. A 50 basis points increase or decrease in this discount rate would have decreased or increased total pension plan expense for 2020 by approximately $0.6 million.
Income Taxes: Our annual tax rate is based on our income, statutory tax rates, and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our annual tax expense and in evaluating our tax positions.
Tax law requires certain items to be included in our tax returns at different times than when the items are reflected in the financial statements. The annual tax expense reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income is different than that reported in our tax returns. Some of these differences are permanent (for example, expenses recorded for accounting purposes that are not deductible in the returns such as certain entertainment expenses) and some differences are temporary and reverse over time, such as depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent tax expense recognized in the financial statements for which payment has been deferred, or expense for which a deduction has been taken already in the tax return but the expense has not yet been recognized in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in tax returns in future years for which a benefit has already been recorded in the financial statements, as well as tax losses that can be carried over and used in future years. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. In evaluating the amount of any such valuation allowance, we consider the existence of cumulative income or losses in recent years, the reversal of existing temporary differences, the existence of taxable income in prior carry back years, available tax planning strategies and estimates of future taxable income for each of our taxable jurisdictions. The latter two factors involve the exercise of significant judgment. As of December 31, 2020, deferred tax asset valuation allowances totaled $43.5 million, primarily related to federal and state capital losses, minority investments, state interest disallowance carryovers, and state net operating losses available for carry forward to future years. Although realization is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that all other deferred tax assets for which no valuation allowances have been established will be realized. This conclusion is based on our history of cumulative income in recent years and review of historical and projected future taxable income.
We determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities before any part of the benefit is recorded in our financial statements. A tax position is measured as the portion of the tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with a taxing authority (that has full knowledge of all relevant information). We may be required to change our provision for income taxes when the ultimate treatment of certain items is challenged or agreed to by taxing authorities, when estimates used in determining valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly change, or when receipt of new information indicates the need for adjustment in valuation allowances. Future events, such as changes in tax laws, tax regulations, or interpretations of such laws or regulations, could have an impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements in the year these changes occur.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the potential gain/loss arising from changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates and changes in the market value of financial instruments. Our main exposure to market risk relates to interest rates. We had $355 million in floating interest rate obligations outstanding on December 31, 2020, and therefore are subject to changes in the amount of interest expense we might incur. A 50 basis point increase or decrease in the average interest rate for these obligations would result in an increase or decrease in annual interest expense of $1.8 million. Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding the fair value of our long-term debt.
We believe that our market risk from financial instruments, such as accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt, is not material.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Page
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of TEGNA Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TEGNA Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of equity and redeemable noncontrolling interest and of cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
FCC broadcast license impairment assessments -licenses acquired in the KFMB, Gray stations, Dispatch stations, and Nexstar stations acquisitions
As described in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated FCC broadcast licenses balance was $2.1 billion as of December 31, 2020, of which $897.7 million related to FCC broadcast licenses acquired in the KFMB, Gray stations, Dispatch stations, and Nexstar stations acquisitions, which were subject to a quantitative impairment assessment. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested annually, or more often if circumstances dictate, for impairment and written down to fair value as required. Fair value is estimated by management using an income approach called the Greenfield method. The Greenfield method utilizes a discounted cash flow model that incorporates several key assumptions, including market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and the discount rate (determined by management using a weighted average cost of capital).
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the FCC broadcast license impairment assessments for the licenses acquired in the KFMB, Gray stations, Dispatch stations, and Nexstar stations acquisitions is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value measurement of the FCC broadcast licenses. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and the discount rate. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s impairment assessments, including controls over the valuation of the Company’s FCC broadcast licenses for the licenses acquired in the KFMB, Gray stations, Dispatch stations, and Nexstar stations acquisitions. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; (iii) testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the model; and (iv) evaluating the significant assumptions used by management related to market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and the discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to market revenues, estimated market share for a typical market participant and estimated profit margins based on market size and station type involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance in the market being evaluated, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. The discount rate was evaluated by considering the cost of capital of comparable businesses and other industry factors. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted cash flow model and the discount rate and long-term growth projections assumptions.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Arlington, Virginia
March 1, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of TEGNA Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations and cash flows of TEGNA, Inc. (the Company) for the year ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We served as the Company’s auditor from 2005 to 2019.
Tysons, Virginia
March 1, 2019
TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In thousands of dollars
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 40,968 $ 29,404
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $7,035 and $3,723, respectively
550,755 581,765
Other receivables 14,031 19,640
Syndicated programming rights 47,331 49,616
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
19,509 26,899
Total current assets
672,594 707,324
Property and equipment
Land 86,456 86,456
Buildings and improvements 329,088 322,961
Equipment, furniture and fixtures 593,517 553,995
Construction in progress 17,398 34,324
Total 1,026,459 997,736
Less accumulated depreciation (556,100) (512,015)
Net property and equipment 470,359 485,721
Intangible and other assets
Goodwill 2,968,693 2,950,587
Indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $235,582 and $168,452, respectively
2,503,644 2,561,614
Right-of-use assets for operating leases 97,190 103,461
Investments and other assets 136,219 145,269
Total intangible and other assets 5,705,746 5,760,931
Total assets
$ 6,848,699 $ 6,953,976
TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In thousands of dollars, except par value and share amounts
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 58,049 $ 51,894
Accrued liabilities
Compensation
46,213 63,876
Interest
47,249 46,013
Contracts payable for programming rights 130,522 119,872
Other
78,219 60,983
Dividends payable - 15,188
Income taxes payable 63,923 3,332
Total current liabilities 424,175 361,158
Noncurrent liabilities
Income taxes 7,303 7,490
Deferred income tax liability 530,240 515,621
Long-term debt 3,553,220 4,179,245
Pension liabilities 85,908 127,146
Operating lease liabilities 99,337 105,902
Other noncurrent liabilities 75,488 67,037
Total noncurrent liabilities 4,351,496 5,002,441
Total liabilities 4,775,671 5,363,599
Commitments and contingent liabilities (see Note 12)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest (see Note 12) $ 14,933 $ -
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock of $1 par value per share, 800,000,000 shares authorized, 324,418,632 shares issued
324,419 324,419
Additional paid-in capital 113,267 247,497
Retained earnings 7,075,640 6,655,088
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (121,076) (142,597)
Less treasury stock at cost, 104,918,360 shares and 106,955,082 shares, respectively
(5,334,155) (5,494,030)
Total equity 2,058,095 1,590,377
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity $ 6,848,699 $ 6,953,976
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts
Dec. 31,
2020 2019 2018
Revenues $ 2,937,780 $ 2,299,497 $ 2,207,282
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues1
1,503,287 1,228,237 1,065,933
Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses 365,601 326,804 315,320
Corporate - General and administrative expenses 73,295 80,144 52,467
Depreciation 66,880 60,525 55,949
Amortization of intangible assets 67,690 50,104 30,838
Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net (see Note 11) (9,955) (5,335) (11,701)
Total 2,066,798 1,740,479 1,508,806
Operating income 870,982 559,018 698,476
Non-operating income (expense):
Equity income in unconsolidated investments, net 10,397 10,149 13,792
Interest expense (210,294) (205,470) (192,065)
Other non-operating items, net (34,029) 11,960 (11,496)
Total (233,926) (183,361) (189,769)
Income before income taxes 637,056 375,657 508,707
Provision for income taxes 154,293 89,422 107,367
Income from continuing operations 482,763 286,235 401,340
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax - - 4,325
Net income 482,763 286,235 405,665
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest 15 - -
Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. $ 482,778 $ 286,235 $ 405,665
Earnings from continuing operations per share - basic $ 2.20 $ 1.32 $ 1.86
Earnings from discontinued operations per share - basic - - 0.02
Net income per share - basic $ 2.20 $ 1.32 $ 1.88
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted $ 2.19 $ 1.31 $ 1.85
Earnings from discontinued operations per share - diluted - - 0.02
Net income per share - diluted $ 2.19 $ 1.31 $ 1.87
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic shares 219,232 217,138 216,184
Diluted shares 219,733 217,977 216,621
1Cost of revenues exclude charges for depreciation and amortization expense, which are shown separately above.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
In thousands of dollars
Dec. 31,
2020 2019 2018
Net income $ 482,763 $ 286,235 $ 405,665
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments 138 (774) 362
Pension and other post-retirement benefit items:
Recognition of previously deferred post-retirement benefit plan costs 6,209 5,764 5,141
Actuarial gain (loss) arising during the period 22,574 (13,822) (19,279)
Pension lump-sum payment charges - 686 7,498
Pension and other postretirement benefit items 28,783 (7,372) (6,640)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax 28,921 (8,146) (6,278)
Income tax effect related to components of other comprehensive income (loss) (7,400) 2,060 1,535
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 21,521 (6,086) (4,743)
Comprehensive income 504,284 280,149 400,922
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest 15 - -
Comprehensive income attributable to TEGNA Inc. $ 504,299 $ 280,149 $ 400,922
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
In thousands of dollars Dec. 31,
2020 2019 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 482,763 $ 286,235 $ 405,665
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation 66,880 60,525 55,949
Amortization of intangible assets 67,690 50,104 30,838
Stock-based compensation 20,306 20,146 12,531
Company stock 401(k) contribution 16,469 9,558 -
Amortization of deferred financing costs, debt discounts and premiums 20,251 12,012 11,162
Losses (gains) on assets 12,457 (7,402) (4,991)
Provision for deferred income taxes 8,533 22,064 17,258
Equity income in unconsolidated investees, net (10,397) (10,149) (13,792)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Decreases (increase) decrease in trade receivables 27,474 (86,245) (5,351)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable 7,245 (29,526) 29,357
Increase (decrease) in interest and taxes payable 66,466 (8,284) 22,895
Increase in deferred revenue 1,013 1,007 898
Pension contributions, net of (income) expense (10,400) (19,447) (42,015)
Changes in other assets and liabilities, net 28,386 (3,125) 6,805
Net cash flows from operating activities 805,136 297,473 527,209
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment (45,499) (88,356) (65,230)
Reimbursement from spectrum repacking 13,180 16,974 7,400
Payments for acquisitions of businesses and other assets, net of cash acquired (34,841) (1,514,183) (328,433)
Payments for investments (2,415) (4,986) (11,677)
Proceeds from investments 5,028 4,698 7,189
Proceeds from sale of businesses and assets 5,026 22,383 16,335
Net cash used for investing activities (59,521) (1,563,470) (374,416)
Cash flows from by financing activities:
(Payments of) proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facilities, net (548,000) 853,000 50,000
Proceeds from borrowings 1,550,000 1,100,000 -
Debt repayments (1,623,000) (710,000) (121,146)
Payments for debt issuance and premiums for early redemption costs (41,378) (22,018) (5,269)
Dividends paid (76,465) (60,624) (60,290)
Repurchases of common stock - - (5,831)
Net settlement of stock for tax withholding and proceeds from stock option exercises (9,208) (819) (2,436)
Proceeds from sale of minority ownership interest in Premion 14,000 - -
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities (734,051) 1,159,539 (144,972)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 11,564 (106,458) 7,821
Balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year 29,404 135,862 128,041
Balance of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year $ 40,968 $ 29,404 $ 135,862
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ 84,889 $ 84,045 $ 62,889
Cash paid for interest $ 200,766 $ 186,086 $ 182,465
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TEGNA Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
In thousands of dollars, except per share data
TEGNA Inc. Shareholders’ Equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interest Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Retained
earnings
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Treasury
stock
Total
Balance as of Dec. 31, 2017 $ - $ 324,419 $ 382,127 $ 6,062,995 $ (106,923) $ (5,667,577) $ 995,041
Net Income 405,665 405,665
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax (4,743) (4,743)
Total comprehensive income 400,922
Cumulative effects of accounting changes 21,121 (24,845) (3,724)
Dividends declared: $0.28 per share
(60,269) (60,269)
Treasury stock acquired (5,831) (5,831)
Stock-based awards activity (96,060) 95,560 (500)
Stock-based compensation 12,531 12,531
Other activity 2,754 2,754
Balance as of Dec. 31, 2018 $ - $ 324,419 $ 301,352 $ 6,429,512 $ (136,511) $ (5,577,848) $ 1,340,924
Net Income 286,235 286,235
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax (6,086) (6,086)
Total comprehensive income 280,149
Dividends declared: $0.28 per share
(60,659) (60,659)
Company stock 401(k) contribution (23,090) 32,648 9,558
Stock-based awards activity (51,990) 51,170 (820)
Stock-based compensation 20,146 20,146
Other activity 1,079 1,079
Balance as of Dec. 31, 2019 $ - $ 324,419 $ 247,497 $ 6,655,088 $ (142,597) $ (5,494,030) $ 1,590,377
Net Income (loss) (15) 482,778 482,778
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax 21,521 21,521
Total comprehensive income 504,299
Dividends declared: $0.28 per share
(61,278) (61,278)
Company stock 401(k) contribution (71,808) 88,277 16,469
Stock-based awards activity (80,805) 71,598 (9,207)
Stock-based compensation 20,306 20,306
Sale of minority ownership interest in Premion 14,000 -
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest 933 (933) (933)
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value 15 (15) (15)
Other activity (1,923) (1,923)
Balance as of Dec. 31, 2020 $ 14,933 $ 324,419 $ 113,267 $ 7,075,640 $ (121,076) $ (5,334,155) $ 2,058,095
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - Description of business, basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies
Description of business: We are an innovative media company serving the greater good of our communities. Our business includes 64 television stations operating and two radio stations in 51 U.S. markets, offering high-quality television programming and digital content. We also own leading multicast networks True Crime Network and Quest. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms they use to consume news content. Through TEGNA Marketing Solutions (TMS), our integrated sales and back-end fulfillment operations, we deliver results for advertisers across television, digital and Over the Top (OTT) platforms, including Premion, our OTT advertising network.
Use of estimates: The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In doing so, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment, allocation of purchase price to assets and liabilities in business combinations, fair value measurements, post-retirement benefit plans, income taxes including deferred tax assets, and contingencies.
COVID-19 pandemic: During the first quarter of 2020, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) believed to have been first identified in Wuhan, China, spread globally, including to every state in the United States. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19. The federal and state governments in the United States responded by instituting a wide variety of mitigating control measures, including, mandatory quarantines, closures of non-essential businesses and all other places of social interaction, while implementing “shelter in place” orders and travel restrictions in an effort to slow the spread of the virus. Such mitigating measures began negatively impacting our advertising and marketing services (AMS) revenue stream in mid-March 2020 as demand for non-political advertising softened. While some of these measures have been lifted or relaxed in certain state and local governments, other jurisdictions have seen increases in new COVID-19 cases resulting in restrictions being reinstated, or new restrictions imposed. Overall, advertising demand improved as steps toward economic re-opening were implemented and as federal government stimulus programs were enacted. Our AMS revenues have shown quarterly sequential improvement since the height of the pandemic in the second quarter of 2020. There continues to be considerable uncertainty regarding how current and future health and safety measures implemented in response to the pandemic will impact our business.
Beginning in mid-March 2020, as a result of the expected near-term impact on non-political advertising demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented cost saving measures to reduce operating expenses and discretionary capital expenditures. These measures included implementing temporary furloughs for one week during the second quarter for most personnel, reducing compensation for executives and our Board of Directors, and reducing non-critical discretionary spending. As is true of most businesses, the ultimate magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but we do expect it to continue to have a dampening effect on our near-term AMS revenues, although to a much lower degree than in mid-2020.
Due to the changing nature and continuing uncertainty around the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to predict the impact of COVID-19 on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and our business in future periods remains limited. While we use the best information available in developing significant estimates included in our financial statements, the effects of the pandemic on our operations may not be fully realized, or reflected in our financial results, until future periods. As such, actual results could differ from our estimates, and these differences resulting from changes in facts and circumstances could be material.
Basis of presentation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of subsidiaries we control and variable interest entities if we are the primary beneficiary. We eliminate all intercompany balances, transactions, and profits in consolidation. Investments in entities for which we have significant influence, but do not have control, are accounted for under the equity method. Our share of net earnings and losses from these ventures is included in “Equity income in unconsolidated investments, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Segment presentation: We operate one operating and reportable segment, which primarily consists of our 64 television stations operating in 51 markets. Our reportable segment structure has been determined based on our management and internal reporting structure, the nature of products and services we offer, and the financial information that is evaluated regularly by our chief operating decision maker.
Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value.
Trade receivables and allowances for doubtful accounts: Trade receivables are recorded at invoiced amounts and generally do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our estimate of credit exposure, determined
principally on the basis of our collection experience, aging of our receivables and any specific reserves needed for certain customers based on their credit risk. Our allowance also takes into account expected future trends which may impact our customers’ ability to pay, such as economic growth, unemployment and demand for our products and services, including the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends. We monitor the credit quality of our customers and their ability to pay through the use of analytics and communication with individual customers. Bad debt expense, which is included in “Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Income, was $8.0 million in 2020, $2.4 million in 2019 and $3.9 million in 2018. Write-offs of trade receivables (net of recoveries) were $4.7 million in 2020, $3.0 million in 2019 and $3.9 million in 2018.
Property and equipment: Property and equipment are recorded at cost, and depreciation is provided generally on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives are generally: buildings and improvements, 10 to 40 years; and machinery, equipment and fixtures, 3 to 25 years. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. During 2020, 2019 and 2019, we had expenditures related to the Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) repack project. See Note 12 for further discussion.
Valuation of long-lived assets: We review the carrying amount of long-lived assets (mostly property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Once an indicator of potential impairment has occurred, the impairment test is based on whether the intent is to hold the asset for continued use or to hold the asset for sale. If the intent is to hold the asset for continued use, the impairment test first requires a comparison of projected undiscounted future cash flows against the carrying amount of the asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the asset group would be deemed to be potentially impaired. The impairment, if any, would be measured based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. Fair value is determined primarily using the projected future cash flows, discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost to dispose. We recognized impairment charges in 2020 and 2019 related to long-lived assets. See Note 11 for further discussion.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets: The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed.
Our goodwill balance was $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis (first day of our fourth quarter) or between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of our reporting unit may be below its carrying amount.
Before performing the annual goodwill impairment test quantitatively, we first have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if the quantitative test must be completed. The qualitative assessment considers events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company and specific reporting unit specifications. If after performing this assessment, we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we are required to perform the quantitative test. Otherwise, the quantitative test is not required. In 2020, we elected not to perform the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead performed the quantitative impairment test.
Goodwill is accounted for at the segment level and allocated to, and tested for impairment at, a level referred to as the reporting unit. We have determined that our one segment, Media, consists of a single reporting unit.
When performing the quantitative test, we determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the reporting unit’s goodwill is impaired and we must recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit.
We estimate the fair value of our reporting unit based on a market-based valuation methodology, which is primarily based on our consolidated market capitalization plus a reasonable control premium. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we completed our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting unit. The results of the test indicated that the estimated fair value of our reporting unit significantly exceeded the carrying value.
We also have significant intangible assets with indefinite lives associated with FCC broadcast licenses related to our acquisitions of television and radio stations. The FCC broadcast licenses are recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. Fair value is estimated using an income approach called the Greenfield method. The Greenfield method utilizes a discounted cash flow model that incorporates several key assumptions, including market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and a discount rate (determined using a weighted average cost of capital). Since these licenses are considered indefinite lived intangible assets we do not amortize them, rather they are tested for impairment annually (first day of our fourth quarter), or more often if circumstances dictate, for impairment and written down to fair value as required. We have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite lived asset is more than its
carrying amount. If that is the case, then we do not need to perform the quantitative analysis. The qualitative assessment considers trends in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the indefinite lived asset.
In 2020, we elected to perform the quantitative assessment for FCC licenses acquired in the KFMB acquisition as well as those acquired in our 2019 acquisitions (acquisitions of Gray stations, Dispatch stations, and Nexstar stations - see Note 2), which represented an aggregate carrying value of $897.7 million. These licenses have more limited headroom due to the fact that we recently recorded them at fair value upon their respective acquisition. To estimate the fair values for the FCC broadcast licenses, we applied an income approach, using the Greenfield method. The results of our 2020 annual impairment test of FCC broadcast licenses indicated the fair value of a radio license was less than its carrying amount; and therefore, a $1.1 million impairment charge was recorded within “Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Income. No other impairments occurred in 2020. See Note 11 for further discussion.
We performed the optional qualitative assessment for all of our other FCC licenses, which represented an aggregate carrying value of $1.23 billion. In performing the qualitative impairment analysis, we analyzed trends in the significant inputs used in the fair value determination of the FCC license assets. This included reviewing trends in market revenues, market share, profit margins, long-term expected growth rates, and changes in the discount rate. The results of our qualitative procedures showed no material adverse change in inputs that would indicate an impairment exists since the last quantitative test of these assets. As such, we concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these indefinite lived FCC broadcast licenses was more than their carrying amounts and therefore, we did not perform a quantitative test on these licenses in 2020.
The quantitative and qualitative analysis performed included projected estimated economic impacts from the COIVD-19 pandemic. A sustained economic decline resulting from COVID-19 larger than what was projected in our analysis could result in future non-cash impairment charges of our recently acquired FCC licenses, and any related impairment could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Investments and other assets: Investments where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Significant influence typically exists if we have a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the investee. Under this method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is included in non-operating income, on our Consolidated Statements of Income. We evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. Certain differences exist between our investment carrying value and the underlying equity of the investee companies principally due to fair value measurement at the date of investment acquisition and due to impairment charges we recorded for certain of the investments. We recognized gains of $19.7 million on the sale of four such investments in 2019.
Investments in non-public businesses that do not have readily determinable pricing, and for which we do not have control or do not exert significant influence, are carried at cost less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes in observable prices for those investments. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the carrying value of these investments are included as a non-operating expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2020, such investments totaled $20.3 million and as of December 31, 2019, they totaled $32.4 million. During 2020, we recorded a $9.2 million impairment related to the decline in fair value of one or our investees. During 2019, we recorded gains of $5.9 million due to an observable price increase in two such investments. During 2018, we recorded impairment charges of $2.0 million on debt investments which had been classified as an other long-term asset.
Our television stations are party to program broadcasting contracts which provide us with rights to broadcast syndicated programs, original series and films. These contracts are recorded at the gross amount of the related liability when the programs are available for telecasting. The related assets are recorded at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Program assets are classified as current (as a prepaid expense) or noncurrent (as an other asset) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, based upon the expected use of the programs in succeeding years. Expense is recognized on a straight line basis which appropriately matches the cost of the programs with the revenues associated with them. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, we incurred programming expense of $71.1 million, $60.8 million and $53.4 million, respectively. Programming expense is included in “Cost of revenues” within our Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2020, $47.3 million of programming assets existed which we expect to be expensed within the next twelve months. The liability for these contracts is classified as current or noncurrent in accordance with the payment terms of the contracts. The payment period generally coincides with the period of telecast for the programs, but may be shorter.
We evaluate the net realizable value of our program broadcasting contract assets when a triggering event occurs, such as a change in our intended usage, or sustained lower than expected ratings for the program. Impairment analysis are performed at the syndicated program level (across all stations that utilize the program). We determine the net realizable value based on a projection of the estimated revenues less projected direct costs associated with the syndicated program (which is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy). If the future direct costs exceed expected revenues, impairment of the program asset may be required. No impairment charges were recognized in 2020, 2019 or 2018.
Revenue recognition: We adopted the FASB’s new revenue recognition guidance beginning January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. We began recognizing revenue under this new guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and did not restate prior years. We applied the standard to all contracts open as of January 1, 2018. The cumulative prior period effect of applying the guidance was $3.7 million which was recorded as a decrease to retained earnings upon adoption.
Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised services to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Amounts received from customers in advance of providing services to our customers are recorded as deferred revenue.
Our primary source of revenue is now our subscription revenue from retransmission consent contracts with multichannel video programming distributors (e.g., cable and satellite providers) and over the top providers (companies that deliver video content to consumers over the Internet). Under these multi-year contracts, we have performance obligations to provide our customers with our stations’ signals, as well as our consent to retransmit those signals to their customers. Subscription revenue is recognized in accordance with the guidance for licensing intellectual property utilizing a usage based method. The amount of revenue earned is based on the number of subscribers to which our customers retransmit our signal, and the negotiated fee per subscriber included in our contract agreement. Our customers submit payments monthly, generally within 60-90 days after the month that the service was provided. Our performance obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized, as our customers retransmit our signal. This measure toward satisfaction of our performance obligations and recognition of revenue is the most appropriate as it aligns our revenue recognition with the value that we are delivering to our customers through our retransmission consent.
We also earn revenue through the sale of advertising and marketing services (AMS). This revenue stream includes all sources of our traditional television and radio advertising, as well as digital revenues including Premion. Contracts within this revenue stream are short-term in nature (most often three months or less). Contracts generally consist of multiple deliverables, such as television commercials, or digital advertising solutions, that we have identified as individual performance obligations. Before performing under the contract, we establish the transaction price with our customer based on the agreed upon rates for each performance obligation. There is no material variability in the transaction price during the term of the contract.
Revenue is recognized as we fulfill our performance obligations to our customers. For our AMS revenue stream, we measure the fulfillment of our performance obligations based on the airing of the individual television commercials or display of digital advertisements. This measure is most appropriate as it aligns our revenue recognition with the value we are providing to our customers. The price of each individual commercial and digital advertisement is negotiated with our customer and is determined based on multiple factors, including, but not limited to, the programming and day-part selected, supply of available inventory, our station’s viewership ratings and overall market conditions (e.g., timing of the year and strength of U.S. economy). Customers are billed monthly and payment is generally due 30 days after the date of invoice. Commission costs related to these contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short-term nature of the contracts.
We also generate revenue from the sale of political advertising. Contracts within this revenue stream are short-term in nature (typically weekly or monthly buys during political campaigns). Customers pre-pay these contracts and we therefore defer the associated revenue until the advertising has been delivered, at which time we have satisfied our performance obligations and recognize revenue. Commission costs related to these contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short-term nature of the contracts.
Our remaining revenue is comprised of various other services, primarily production services (for news content and commercials) and sublease rental income. Revenue is recognized as these various services are provided to our customers.
In instances where we sell services from more than one revenue stream to the same customer at the same time, we recognize one contract and allocate the transaction price to each deliverable element (e.g., performance obligation) based on the relative fair value of each element.
Revenue earned by categories in 2020, 2019 and 2018 are shown below (amounts in thousands):
Year ended Dec. 31,
2020 2019 2018
Subscription $ 1,286,611 $ 1,005,030 $ 840,838
Advertising & Marketing Services 1,174,774 1,226,607 1,106,754
Political 445,535 38,478 233,613
Other 30,860 29,382 26,077
Total revenues $ 2,937,780 $ 2,299,497 $ 2,207,282
Retirement plans: Certain employees are covered by defined benefit pension plans and we provide certain medical and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees (collectively postretirement benefit plans). The amounts we record related to our
postretirement benefit plans are computed using actuarial valuations that are based in part on certain key economic assumptions we make, including the discount rate, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and other actuarial assumptions including mortality estimates, health care cost trend rates and employee turnover, each as appropriate based on the nature of the plans. Depending on the timing of the estimated payments, we recognize the funded status of our postretirement benefit plans as a current or non-current liability within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. When annually adjusting to recognize the funded status of the plan, there is a corresponding non-cash adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits, recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Equity. The funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan’s assets and the benefit obligation of the plan.
Stock-based employee compensation: We grant restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance shares to employees as a form of compensation. The expense for the RSUs is based on the grant date fair value of the award and is generally recognized on a straight-line basis. Expense related to the performance share program is marked to market each month over the first two-year performance period. Expense under these programs is recognized over the requisite service period, which is typically a four-year period for RSUs and a three-year period for performance shares. Performance share expense for participants meeting certain retirement eligible criteria as defined in the plan is recognized using the accelerated attribution method. See Note 10 for further discussion.
Advertising and marketing costs: We expense advertising and marketing costs, such as costs to promote our brands, as they are incurred. Advertising expense was $5.8 million in 2020, $9.4 million in 2019 and $10.4 million in 2018, and are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Income taxes: Income taxes are presented on the consolidated financial statements using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences that exist between the financial statement carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as from tax loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income taxes reflect expected future tax benefits (i.e., assets) and future tax costs (i.e., liabilities). The tax effect of net operating loss, capital loss and general business credit carryovers result in deferred tax assets. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rate expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recoverable or settled. We recognize the effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established if, based upon the weight of available evidence, management determines it is “more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
We periodically assess our tax filing exposures related to periods that are open to examination. Based on the latest available information, we evaluate our tax positions to determine whether it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authority. If we cannot reach a more likely than not determination, no benefit is recorded. If we determine the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained, we record the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized when the tax position is settled. We record interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income. Interest and penalties were not material in each year presented.
Loss contingencies: We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and regulatory matters, the outcomes of which are subject to significant uncertainty. We determine whether to disclose or accrue for loss contingencies based on an assessment of whether the risk of loss is remote, reasonably possible or probable, and whether it can be reasonably estimated. We accrue for loss contingencies when such amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. If a contingent liability is only reasonably possible, we will disclose the potential range of the loss, if material and estimable.
Accounting guidance adopted in 2020: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new guidance related to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. The new guidance changed the way credit losses on accounts receivable are estimated. Under previous GAAP, credit losses on accounts receivable were recognized once it was probable that such losses will occur. Under the new guidance, we are required to estimate credit losses based on the expected amount of future collections which may result in earlier recognition of doubtful accounts. We adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach. Due to the short-term nature of our accounts receivable balance, there was no material change to our allowance for doubtful accounts as a result of adopting this new guidance.
In March 2019, the FASB issued new guidance related to the accounting for episodic television series. The most significant aspect of this new guidance that is applicable to us relates to the level at which our capitalized programming assets are monitored for impairment. Under the new guidance these assets are monitored at the film group level which is the lowest level at which independently identifiable cash flows are identifiable. We adopted the new guidance prospectively on January 1, 2020. There was no material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as of the adoption date.
In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that changed disclosures related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The guidance removed disclosures that are no longer economically relevant, clarifies certain existing disclosure requirements and added some new disclosures. The most relevant elimination for us is the annual disclosure of the amount of gain/loss and prior service cost/credit amortization expected in the following year. The most relevant addition impacting us is annually disclosing explanations of the drivers for significant changes in plan obligations. We have included the new disclosure in our retirement footnote (Note 7) herein and applied them on a retrospective basis.
New accounting guidance not yet adopted: There is no accounting guidance currently pending that we expect to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
NOTE 2 - Acquisitions
During 2019, we acquired the television stations listed in the table below, and a summary of each acquisition follows:
Market Station Affiliation Seller
Indianapolis, IN WTHR NBC Dispatch Broadcast Group
Columbus, OH WBNS CBS Dispatch Broadcast Group
Hartford-New Haven, CT WTIC/WCCT FOX/CW Nexstar Media Group
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, PA WPMT FOX Nexstar Media Group
Memphis, TN WATN/WLMT ABC/CW Nexstar Media Group
Wilkes Barre-Scranton, PA WNEP ABC Nexstar Media Group
Des Moines-Ames, IA WOI/KCWI ABC/CW Nexstar Media Group
Huntsville-Decatur-Florence, AL WZDX FOX Nexstar Media Group
Davenport, IA and Rock Island-Moline, IL WQAD ABC Nexstar Media Group
Ft. Smith-Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR KFSM CBS Nexstar Media Group
Toledo, OH WTOL CBS Gray Television
Midland-Odessa, TX KWES NBC Gray Television
Nexstar Stations
On September 19, 2019, we completed our acquisition of 11 local television stations in eight markets, including eight Big Four affiliates, from Nexstar Media Group (the Nexstar Stations). These stations were divested by Nexstar Media Group in connection with its acquisition of Tribune Media Company. The purchase price for the Nexstar Stations was $769.9 million which included a base purchase price of $740.0 million and an estimated working capital of $29.9 million (approximately $0.8 million was paid in April 2020 after finalization of the working capital true-up with the seller).
Dispatch Stations
On August 8, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Dispatch Broadcast Group’s two top-rated television stations and two radio stations (the Dispatch Stations). The purchase price for the Dispatch Stations was $560.5 million which consisted of a base purchase price of $535.0 million and working capital and cash acquired of $25.5 million.
Justice and Quest Multicast Networks
On June 18, 2019, we completed the acquisition of the remaining approximately 85% interest that we did not previously own in the multicast networks Justice Network (which has since been rebranded as True Crime Network) and Quest from Cooper Media. Cash paid for this acquisition was $77.1 million (which included $4.6 million for working capital).
Gray Stations
On January 2, 2019, we completed our acquisition of WTOL, the CBS affiliate in Toledo, OH, and KWES, the NBC affiliate in Midland-Odessa, TX from Gray Television, Inc. for approximately $109.9 million in cash (which includes $4.9 million for working capital paid at closing).
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with these acquisitions (in thousands):
Nexstar Stations Dispatch Stations Justice & Quest Gray Stations Total
Cash $ - $ 2,363 $ - $ - $ 2,363
Accounts receivable 34,680 26,344 8,501 5,553 75,078
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,776 6,092 6,987 987 17,842
Property and equipment 45,186 40,418 361 11,757 97,722
Goodwill 128,191 202,312 23,567 19,405 373,475
FCC licenses 374,269 295,983 - 47,061 717,313
Network affiliation agreements 123,926 60,765 - 14,420 199,111
Retransmission agreements 68,316 33,107 - 12,198 113,621
Other intangible assets - - 52,553 - 52,553
Right-of-use assets for operating leases 22,715 362 - 251 23,328
Other noncurrent assets 237 - 5,253 18 5,508
Total assets acquired $ 801,296 $ 667,746 $ 97,222 $ 111,650 $ 1,677,914
Accounts payable 2,037 954 725 1 3,717
Accrued liabilities 8,544 9,011 4,236 1,494 23,285
Deferred income tax liability - 97,082 (462) - 96,620
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent 20,346 226 - 235 20,807
Other noncurrent liabilities 426 - 2,677 - 3,103
Total liabilities assumed $ 31,353 $ 107,273 $ 7,176 $ 1,730 $ 147,532
Net assets acquired $ 769,943 $ 560,473 $ 90,046 $ 109,920 $ 1,530,382
Less: cash acquired $ - $ (2,363) $ - $ - $ (2,363)
Less: fair value of existing ownership - - (12,995) - (12,995)
Cash paid for acquisitions $ 769,943 $ 558,110 $ 77,051 $ 109,920 $ 1,515,024
We accounted for each of these acquisitions as business combinations, which required us to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value. The amount by which the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.
During 2020, we continued to analyze information related to the estimated fair values for certain tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and the amount of goodwill recognized for these acquisitions and recorded certain adjustments to reduce our retransmission agreement intangible assets by $21.3 million and increase the carrying amount of our goodwill by $18.1 million. During 2020, we finalized the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions; therefore, the amounts presented above are now final.
NOTE 3 - Goodwill and other intangible assets
We operate as one operating and reportable segment which includes the goodwill balances as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 shown below (in thousands):
Goodwill
Balance as of Dec. 31, 2018 $ 2,596,863
Acquisitions 355,368
Disposition of a business unit (1,644)
Balance as of Dec. 31, 2019 2,950,587
Adjustments 18,106
Balance as of Dec. 31, 2020 $ 2,968,693
The change in goodwill during both years is primarily attributable to the acquisitions discussed in Note 2.
The following table displays indefinite-lived intangible assets and amortizable intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Gross Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Dec. 31, 2020
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Television and radio station FCC broadcast licenses $ 2,123,898 $ - $ 2,123,898
Amortizable intangible assets:
Retransmission agreements 235,215 (138,928) 96,287
Network affiliation agreements 309,503 (72,694) 236,809
Other 70,610 (23,960) 46,650
Total indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets $ 2,739,226 $ (235,582) $ 2,503,644
Dec. 31, 2019
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Television and radio station FCC broadcast licenses $ 2,090,732 $ - $ 2,090,732
Amortizable intangible assets:
Retransmission agreements 256,533 (105,212) 151,321
Network affiliation agreements 309,496 (48,174) 261,322
Other 73,305 (15,066) 58,239
Total indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets $ 2,730,066 $ (168,452) $ 2,561,614
Our retransmission agreements and network affiliation agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Other intangibles primarily include distribution agreements and brand names which are also amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives.
In June 2020, we acquired the assets and FCC license of KTBU, a full power UHF station in Houston, Texas. In addition, in November 2020, we acquired the assets and FCC license of KMPX a full power UHF station in Dallas, Texas. In connection with these two transactions, we recorded total indefinite-lived FCC broadcast licenses of $34.3 million.
In the second quarter of 2020, we recognized a $2.1 million impairment charge in connection with eliminating the use of the Justice Network brand name and re-establishing the business under a new brand name called True Crime Network. Additionally, our 2020 annual impairment test performed on FCC broadcast licenses indicated the fair value of a radio license was less than its carrying amount; and therefore, a $1.1 million impairment charge was recorded. Both impairment charges were recorded in the “Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table shows the projected annual amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets existing as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
2021 $ 62,854
2022 59,711
2023 53,296
2024 47,132
2025 28,296
Thereafter 128,457
Total $ 379,746
NOTE 4 - Investments and other assets
Our investments and other assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Cash value life insurance $ 52,883 $ 52,462
Equity method investments 32,067 27,650
Other equity investments 20,271 32,383
Deferred debt issuance costs 9,378 10,921
Other long-term assets 21,620 21,853
Total $ 136,219 $ 145,269
Cash value life insurance: We are the beneficiary of life insurance policies on the lives of certain employees/retirees, which are recorded at their cash surrender value as determined by the insurance carrier. These policies are utilized as a partial funding source for deferred compensation and other non-qualified employee retirement plans. Gains and losses on these investments are included in “Other non-operating items, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Income and were not material for all periods presented.
Other equity investments: Represent investments in non-public businesses that do not have readily determinable pricing, and for which we do not have control or do not exert significant influence. These investments are recorded at cost less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes in observable prices for those investments. In 2020, we recorded a $9.2 million impairment charge due to the decline in the fair value of one of our investees. In 2019, we recognized gain of $5.9 million, based on observable price changes for certain equity investments without readily determinable fair value. The 2020 impairment charge and 2019 gain were recorded within “Other non-operating items, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Deferred debt issuance costs: These costs consist of amounts paid to lenders related to our revolving credit facility. Debt issuance costs paid for our term debt and unsecured notes are accounted for as a reduction in the debt obligation.
NOTE 5 - Income taxes
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following (in thousands):
2020 Current Deferred Total
Federal $ 123,882 $ 4,532 $ 128,414
State and other 21,878 4,001 25,879
Total $ 145,760 $ 8,533 $ 154,293
2019 Current Deferred Total
Federal $ 59,791 $ 21,345 $ 81,136
State and other 7,567 719 8,286
Total $ 67,358 $ 22,064 $ 89,422
2018 Current Deferred Total
Federal $ 77,795 $ 15,765 $ 93,560
State and other 9,527 4,280 13,807
Total $ 87,322 $ 20,045 $ 107,367
Income from continuing operations before income taxes attributable to TEGNA Inc. consists entirely of domestic income.
The provision for income taxes varies from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate as a result of the following differences:
2020 2019 2018
U.S. statutory tax rate 21.0% 21.0% 21.0%
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State taxes (net of federal income tax benefit) 3.3 3.1 2.9
Uncertain tax positions, settlements and lapse of statutes of limitations (0.1) (1.6) (0.3)
Other valuation allowances, tax rate changes, & deferred adjustments (0.1) (1.7) (1.0)
Valuation allowance on equity method investment 0.4 1.7 -
Enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act - - (1.1)
Non-deductible transactions costs - 0.3 -
Net excess benefits or expense on share-based payments (0.1) 0.4 0.1
Other, net
(0.2) 0.6 (0.5)
Effective tax rate 24.2% 23.8% 21.1%
Deferred income taxes reflect temporary differences in the recognition of revenue and expense for tax reporting and financial statement purposes. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are adjusted for changes in tax laws or tax rates of the various tax jurisdictions as of the enacted date.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets were composed of the following as of the end of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Deferred tax liabilities
Accelerated depreciation $ 67,479 $ 62,951
Accelerated amortization of deductible intangibles 536,740 524,697
Right-of-use assets for operating leases 24,220 25,615
Other 3,322 3,677
Total deferred tax liabilities 631,761 616,940
Deferred tax assets
Accrued compensation costs 18,559 16,180
Pension and post-retirement medical and life 25,523 35,192
Loss carryforwards 38,348 38,686
Operating lease liabilities 25,319 26,008
Other 37,239 30,914
Total deferred tax assets 144,988 146,980
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance 43,467 45,661
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) $ (530,240) $ (515,621)
As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $107.9 million of capital loss carryforwards for federal and state purposes including $26.1 million of which will expire if not used prior to 2022, $73.0 million of which will expire if not used prior to 2023, and the remainder of which will expire if not used prior to 2026. Capital loss carryforwards can only be utilized to the extent capital gains are recognized. As of December 31, 2020, we had established a valuation allowance on all federal and state capital loss carryforwards. As of December 31, 2020, we also had approximately $10.8 million of state net operating loss carryovers that, if not utilized, will expire in various amounts beginning in 2022 through 2039 and $5.4 million of state interest disallowance carryovers that do not expire.
Included in total deferred tax assets were valuation allowances of approximately $43.5 million as of December 31, 2020 and $45.7 million as of December 31, 2019, primarily related to federal and state capital losses, minority investments, state interest disallowance carryovers, and state net operating losses available for carry forward to future years. If, in the future, we believe that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowances will be reversed in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Realization of deferred tax assets for which valuation allowances have not been established is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income. We expect to realize the benefit of these deferred tax assets through future reversals of our deferred tax liabilities, through the recognition of taxable income in the allowable carryback and carryforward periods, and through implementation of future tax planning strategies. Although realization is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that all deferred tax assets for which valuation allowances have not been established will be realized.
The following table summarizes the activity related to deferred tax asset valuation allowances (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Beginning at beginning of period $ 45,661 $ 125,894 $ 136,418
Additions to valuation allowance 3,719 9,545 3,908
Reductions to valuation allowance (5,913) (89,778) (14,432)
Balance at the end of the period $ 43,467 $ 45,661 $ 125,894
Tax Matters Agreements
Prior to the May 31, 2017 spin-off of the Cars.com business, we entered into a Tax Matters Agreement with Cars.com Inc. that governs each company’s respective rights, responsibilities, and obligations with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, tax contests and other matters regarding income taxes, non-income taxes and related tax returns. The agreement provides that we will generally indemnify Cars.com against taxes attributable to assets or operations for all tax periods or portions thereof prior to the spin-off date including separately-filed U.S. federal, state, and foreign taxes. On October 15, 2021, TEGNA’s 2017 tax year (including the tax-free treatment of the spin-off of the Cars.com business) will no longer be subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.
Uncertain Tax Positions
The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits, excluding the federal tax benefit of state tax deductions (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Change in unrecognized tax benefits
Balance as of beginning of year $ 8,050 $ 12,843 $ 15,043
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year - - 40
Additions for tax positions of prior years 630 - 2,631
Reductions for tax positions of prior years - (959) -
Settlements - (288) (182)
Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitations (1,245) (3,546) (4,689)
Balance as of end of year $ 7,435 $ 8,050 $ 12,843
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate was $6.0 million as of December 31, 2020, and $6.4 million as of December 31, 2019. This amount includes the federal tax benefit of state tax deductions.
We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. We also recognize interest income attributable to overpayment of income taxes and from the reversal of interest expense previously recorded for uncertain tax positions which are subsequently released as a component of income tax expense. We did not recognize income or expense from the reversal of previously recorded interest expense for uncertain tax positions in 2020, but recognized income of $1.7 million in 2019, and $0.2 million in 2018. The amount of accrued interest expense and penalties payable related to unrecognized tax benefits was $0.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. and various state jurisdictions. The 2016 through 2020 tax years remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state authorities. Tax years before 2016 remain subject to examination by certain states due to ongoing audits.
It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of our unrecognized tax positions will increase or decrease within the next 12 months. These changes may be the result of settlement of ongoing audits, lapses of statutes of limitations or other regulatory developments. At this time, we estimate the amount of our gross unrecognized tax positions may decrease by up to approximately $0.6 million within the next 12 months primarily due to lapses of statutes of limitations and settlement of ongoing audits in various jurisdictions.
NOTE 6 - Long-term debt
Our long-term debt is summarized below (in thousands):
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through June 2020 $ - $ 20,000
Unsecured floating rate term loan due quarterly through September 2020 - 105,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.125% due July 2020
- 310,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 4.875% due September 2021
- 350,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 6.375% due October 2023
- 650,000
Borrowings under revolving credit facility expiring August 2024 355,000 903,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.50% due September 2024
137,000 325,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 4.75% due March 2026
550,000 -
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.75% due June 2027
200,000 200,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.25% due September 2027
240,000 240,000
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 4.625% due March 2028
1,000,000 -
Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.00% due September 2029
1,100,000 1,100,000
Total principal long-term debt 3,582,000 4,203,000
Debt issuance costs (36,595) (26,873)
Unamortized premiums and discounts, net 7,815 3,118
Total long-term debt $ 3,553,220 $ 4,179,245
On January 9, 2020, we completed a private placement offering of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes bearing an interest rate of 4.625% which are due in March 2028.
On February 11, 2020 we used the net proceeds from the $1.0 billion unsecured senior notes to repay the remaining $310.0 million of unsecured senior notes bearing fixed rate interest of 5.125%, which were due in July 2020 and $650.0 million of unsecured senior notes bearing fixed rate interest of 6.375%, which were due in October 2023. We incurred $13.8 million of early redemption fees in relation to the 2023 debt payoff. Additionally, we wrote off $7.9 million of unamortized financing fees and discounts related to the early payoff of the 2020 and 2023 notes. These charges were recorded in the other non-operating items, net line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Given the unpredictability of market conditions during the pandemic, we amended our revolving credit facility on June 11, 2020 to extend the initial step-down of the maximum permitted total leverage ratio (from 5.50 to 1.00 to 5.25 to 1.00) until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022, with additional step downs continuing thereafter. The maximum permitted total leverage ratios under our revolving credit facility are now as follows:
Period Leverage Ratio
Fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2020 through and including fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2021 5.50 to 1.00
Fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022 5.25 to 1.00
Fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2022 5.00 to 1.00
Fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2022 4.75 to 1.00
Thereafter 4.50 to 1.00
On September 10, 2020, we issued $550 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes bearing an interest rate of 4.750% which are due in March 2026. The proceeds were used to pay down borrowings from our revolving credit facility.
On October 13, 2020 we utilized our revolving credit facility to repay the entire $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.875% unsecured senior notes due in 2021 and $188 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.500% unsecured senior notes due in 2024 and a $3.4 million redemption premium on our unsecured senior notes due in 2024.
As of December 31, 2020, we had unused borrowing capacity of $1.13 billion under our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in our debt agreements and credit facility, including the leverage ratio (our one financial covenant) contained in our debt agreements and revolving credit facility. We believe that we will remain compliant with all covenants for the foreseeable future.
Our debt maturities may be repaid with cash flow from operating activities, accessing capital markets or a combination of both. The following schedule discloses annual maturities of the principal amount of total debt due (in thousands):
Repayment schedule of principal long-term debt as of Dec. 31, 2020
2021 $ -
2022 -
2023 -
2024 (1)
492,000
2025 -
Thereafter 3,090,000
Total $ 3,582,000
(1) Assumes current revolving credit facility borrowings come due in 2024 and credit facility is not extended.
NOTE 7 - Retirement plans
We have various defined benefit retirement plans. Our principal defined benefit pension plan is the TEGNA Retirement Plan (TRP). The disclosure tables presented below include the assets and obligations of the TRP and the TEGNA Supplemental Retirement Plan (SERP). We use a December 31 measurement date convention for our retirement plans.
Pension costs, which primarily include costs for our qualified TRP and non-qualified SERP, are presented in the following table (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Service cost-benefits earned during the period $ 7 $ 8 $ 12
Interest cost on benefit obligation 19,487 23,066 21,337
Expected return on plan assets (31,058) (26,320) (30,935)
Amortization of prior service cost 90 90 168
Amortization of actuarial loss 6,207 6,123 5,124
Pension payment timing related charge - 686 7,498
(Gains from) expense for company-sponsored retirement plans $ (5,267) $ 3,653 $ 3,204
Benefits no longer accrue for substantially all TRP and SERP participants as a result of amendments to the plans in the past years and as such we no longer incur a significant amount of the service cost component of pension expense. All other components of our pension expense presented above are included within the “Other non-operating items, net” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table provides a reconciliation of pension benefit obligations (on a projected benefit obligation measurement basis), plan assets and funded status of company-sponsored retirement plans, along with the related amounts that are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands).
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Change in benefit obligations
Benefit obligations as of beginning of year $ 613,695 $ 554,795
Service cost 7 8
Interest cost 19,487 23,066
Actuarial losses 48,491 73,906
Benefits paid (35,018) (34,771)
Settlements (1)
- (3,309)
Benefit obligations as of end of year $ 646,662 $ 613,695
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets as of beginning of year $ 479,735 $ 407,550
Actual gains return on plan assets 103,146 87,165
Employer contributions 5,133 23,100
Benefits paid (35,018) (34,771)
Settlements (1)
- (3,309)
Fair value of plan assets as of end of year $ 552,996 $ 479,735
Funded status as of end of year $ (93,666) $ (133,960)
Amounts recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets
Accrued liabilities other-current $ (7,758) $ (6,814)
Pension liabilities-non-current $ (85,908) $ (127,146)
(1) Settlements represent lump sum benefit payments to certain SERP plan participants. When aggregate lump sums exceed the settlement threshold, pension payment timing related charges are incurred, and the lump sum payments prompting the charge are shown on a separate line from other benefit payments.
The actuarial loss in 2020 of $48.5 million was primarily due to decline in the discount rate used to calculate the benefit obligation (which declined from 3.29% at December 31, 2019 to 2.54% as of December 31, 2020) which resulted in an actuarial loss of $49.3 million.
The actuarial loss in 2019 of $73.9 million was primarily due to decline in the discount rate used to calculate the benefit obligation (which declined from 4.34% at December 31, 2018 to 3.29% as of December 31, 2019) which resulted in an actuarial loss of $61.4 million. In addition, changes to the mortality assumption resulted in an actuarial loss of $11.3 million.
The funded status (on a projected benefit obligation basis) of our principal retirement plans as of December 31, 2020, is as follows (in thousands):
Fair Value of Plan Assets Benefit Obligation Funded Status
TRP $ 552,996 $ 576,846 $ (23,850)
SERP (1)
- 69,294 (69,294)
All other - 522 (522)
Total $ 552,996 $ 646,662 $ (93,666)
(1) The SERP is an unfunded, unsecured liability
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $646.6 million as of December 31, 2020 and $613.7 million as of December 31, 2019. In December of 2019, a discretionary contribution was made to TRP of $12 million. As a result of the discretionary contribution, no additional contributions were required in 2020. We made contributions to the SERP of $5.0 million in 2020. Based on actuarial projections, we do not expect to make any contributions to the TRP in 2021. Cash contributions of $7.7 million are expected to be made to our SERP participants in 2021.
The following table presents information for our retirement plans for which accumulated benefit obligation exceed assets (in thousands):
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 646,644 $ 613,655
Fair value of plan assets $ 552,996 $ 479,735
The following table presents information for our retirement plans for which projected benefit obligations exceed assets (in thousands):
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Projected benefit obligation $ 646,662 $ 613,695
Fair value of plan assets $ 552,996 $ 479,735
The following table summarizes the pre-tax amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss that have not yet been recognized as a component of pension expense (in thousands):
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Net actuarial losses $ (159,057) $ (188,862)
Prior service cost (1,707) (1,797)
Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (160,764) $ (190,659)
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), pre-tax, consist of the following (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Current year net actuarial gain (loss) $ 23,597 $ (13,060) $ (19,817)
Amortization of previously deferred actuarial loss 6,207 6,123 5,124
Amortization of previously deferred prior service costs 91 90 168
Pension payment timing related charges - 686 7,498
Total $ 29,895 $ (6,161) $ (7,027)
Pension costs: The following assumptions were used to determine net pension costs:
2020 2019 2018
Discount rate 3.29% 4.34% 3.64%
Expected return on plan assets 6.75% 6.75% 7.00%
The expected return on plan assets assumption was determined based on plan asset allocations, a review of historical capital market performance, historical plan asset performance and a forecast of expected future plan asset returns.
Benefit obligations and funded status: The following assumptions were used to determine the year-end benefit obligations:
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Discount rate 2.54% 3.29%
Plan assets: The asset allocation for the TRP as of the end of 2020 and 2019, and target allocations for 2021, by asset category, are presented in the table below:
Target Allocation Allocation of Plan Assets
2021 2020 2019
Equity securities 34 % 47 % 58 %
Debt securities 63 % 50 % 38 %
Other (including hedge funds and private real estate) 3 % 3 % 4 %
Total 100 % 100 % 100 %
The primary objective of company-sponsored retirement plans is to provide eligible employees with scheduled pension benefits. Consistent with standards for preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity, the goal is to earn the highest possible total rate of return while minimizing risk. The principal means of reducing volatility and exercising prudent investment judgment is diversification by asset class and by investment manager; consequently, portfolios are constructed to attain diversification in the total portfolio, each asset class, and within each individual investment manager’s portfolio. Investment diversification is consistent with the intent to minimize the risk of large losses. All objectives are based upon an investment
horizon spanning five years so that interim market fluctuations can be viewed with the appropriate perspective. The target asset allocation represents the long-term perspective. Retirement plan assets will be rebalanced periodically to align them with the target asset allocations. Risk characteristics are measured and compared with an appropriate benchmark quarterly; periodic reviews are made of the investment objectives and the investment managers. Our actual investment return on our TRP assets was 23.5% for 2020, 23.6% for 2019 and -5.6% for 2018.
Cash flows: We estimate we will make the following benefit payments from either retirement plan assets or directly from our funds (in thousands):
2021 $ 50,570
2022 $ 40,498
2023 $ 39,639
2024 $ 39,696
2025 $ 40,056
2026 through 2030 $ 189,061
401(k) savings plan
Substantially all our employees (other than those covered by a collective bargaining agreement) are eligible to participate in our principal defined contribution plan, The TEGNA 401(k) Savings Plan. Employees can elect to contribute up to 50% of their compensation to the plan subject to certain limits.
For most participants, the plan’s 2020 matching formula is 100% of the first 4% of employee contributions. We also make additional employer contributions on behalf of certain long-term employees. Compensation expense related to 401(k) contributions was $16.5 million in 2020, $14.6 million in 2019 and $13.3 million in 2018. During 2020, we settled the 401(k) employee company stock match obligation by issuing our common stock from treasury stock and depositing it in the participants’ accounts.
Multi-employer plan
We contribute to the AFTRA Retirement Plan (AFTRA Plan), a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan, under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements (CBA) that cover certain union-represented employees. The Employee Identification Number (EIN) and three-digit plan number of the AFTRA Plan is 13-6414972/001.
The AFTRA Plan reports for plan year (December 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019) that the AFTRA Plan was neither in endangered, critical, or critical and declining status in the Plan Year (e.g. 79% funded). A financial improvement plan or a rehabilitation plan is neither pending nor has one been implemented for the AFTRA Plan.
We make all required contributions to the AFTRA plan as determined under the respective CBAs. We contributed $2.4 million annually in 2020, 2019 and 2018. Our contribution to the AFTRA Retirement Plan represented less than 5% of total contributions to the plan. This calculation is based on the plan financial statements issued for the period ending November 30, 2017.
Expiration dates of the CBAs in place range from April 15, 2021 to October 16, 2022. The AFTRA Plan has elected to utilize special amortization provisions provided under the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010.
We incurred no expenses for multi-employer withdrawal liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
NOTE 8 - Leases
We adopted the FASB’s new lease accounting guidance on January 1, 2019. We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at the agreement’s inception. As permitted under the lease accounting standards adoption guidance, arrangements prior to the adoption date retained their previous determination as to whether or not an arrangement contained a lease. Arrangements entered into subsequent to the adoption date of the new guidance have been analyzed to determine if a lease exists depending on whether there was an identified underlying asset that we control.
Our portfolio of leases primarily consists of leases for the use of corporate offices, station facilities, equipment and for antenna/transmitter sites. Our lease portfolio consists entirely of operating leases, with most of our leases having remaining terms ranging 1 to 15 years. Operating lease balances are included in our right-of-use assets for operating leases, other accrued liabilities and operating lease liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Lease liabilities are calculated as of the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments to be made over the term of the lease. Our lease agreements often contain lease and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance or other executory costs). We include the non-lease payments in the calculation of our lease liabilities to the extent they are either fixed or included within the fixed base rental payments. Some of our leases include variable lease components
(e.g., rent increases based on the consumer price index) and variable non-lease components, which are expensed as they are incurred. Such variable costs are not material. The interest rate implicit in our lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As a result, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of future payments, which reflects the fixed rate at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments for a similar term.
The operating lease right-of-use asset as of the lease commencement date is calculated based on the amount of the operating lease liability, less any lease incentive. Some of our lease agreements include options to renew for additional terms or provide us with the ability terminate the lease early. In determining the term of the lease, we consider whether or not we are reasonably certain to exercise these options. Lease expense for fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The following table presents lease related assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Dec. 31,
2020 2019
Assets
Right-of-use assets for operating leases $ 97,190 $ 103,461
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities (current)1
12,250 11,090
Operating lease liabilities (non-current) 99,337 105,902
Total operating lease liabilities $ 111,587 $ 116,992
(1) Current operating lease liabilities are included within the other accrued liabilities line item of the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31, 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term for our lease portfolio was 9.3 years and the weighted average discount rate used to calculate the present value of our lease liabilities was 4.9%.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized lease expense of $18.0 million, $13.9 million, and $18.5 million respectively. In addition, in 2020 and 2019 we made cash payments for operating leases of $17.1 million and $11.0 million, respectively, which are included in cash flows from operating activities on Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The table below reconciles future lease payments for each of the next five years and remaining years thereafter, in aggregate, to the lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Future Period Cash Payments
2021 $ 17,452
2022 16,994
2023 16,023
2024 14,161
2025 11,892
Thereafter 66,809
Total lease payments 143,331
Less: amount of lease payments representing interest 31,744
Present value of lease liabilities $ 111,587
As of December 31, 2019, operating lease commitments under lessee arrangements were $15.6 million, $17.0 million, $16.0 million, $14.8 million, and $13.1 million for the years 2020 through 2024, respectively, and $76.0 million thereafter.
NOTE 9 - Fair value measurement
We measure and record certain assets and liabilities at fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. U.S. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and our own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels:
Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs developed using our own estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that a market participant would use.
Equity investments in private companies that we do not significantly influence are recorded at cost, less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment. In 2020, we recorded a $9.2 million impairment charge due to the decline in the fair value of one of our investees. The fair value was determined using a market approach which was based significant inputs not observable in the market, and thus represented a Level 3 fair value measurement. In 2019 we identified observable price increases, which represents a Level 2 input, for two of these investments which resulted a total gain of $5.9 million which was recorded in “Other non-operating items, net” in our Consolidated Statements of Income. No other gains or losses were recorded on these investments in 2019 or 2018.
Prior to the closing of our acquisition in the multicast networks Justice Network and Quest, we held an approximately 15% ownership interest. Upon completion of the step acquisition, we recognized a gain of $7.3 million in “Other non-operating items, net” within the Consolidated Statements of Income, for the remeasurement of our previously held ownership interest to fair value, which was $8.0 million. The fair value was determined using an income approach which was based on significant inputs not observable in the market, and thus represented a Level 3 fair value measurement.
We additionally hold other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and long-term debt. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of our total long-term debt, determined based on the bid and ask quotes for the related debt (Level 2), totaled $3.79 billion as of December 31, 2020 and $4.32 billion as of December 31, 2019.
During 2018, we recorded a $2.0 million impairment charge associated with debt investments due to decline in the fair value of the investee. We also recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $5.8 million in 2017 associated with the write-off of a note receivable from one of our former equity method investments.
The below fair value tables relate to our TRP pension plan assets (in thousands):
Pension Plan Assets
Fair value measurement as of Dec. 31, 2020
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Cash and other
$ 1,310 $ - $ - $ 1,310
Corporate stock
109,088 - - 109,088
Interest in registered investment companies
71,000 - - 71,000
Total $ 181,398 $ - $ - $ 181,398
Pension plan investments valued using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Common collective trust - equities
$ 96,447
Common collective trust - fixed income
252,426
Hedge funds
18,033
Partnership/joint venture interests
4,692
Total fair value of plan assets $ 552,996
Fair value measurement as of Dec. 31, 2019
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Cash and other
$ 1,395 $ - $ - $ 1,395
Corporate stock
111,193 - - 111,193
Interest in registered investment companies 48,221 - - 48,221
Total $ 160,809 $ - $ - $ 160,809
Pension plan investments valued using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Common collective trust - equities
$ 111,385
Common collective trust - fixed income
185,844
Hedge funds
17,125
Partnership/joint venture interests
4,572
Total fair value of plan assets $ 479,735
Valuation methodologies used for TRP pension assets measured at fair value are as follows:
Corporate stock classified as Level 1 is valued primarily at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.
Interest in registered investment companies is valued using the published net asset values as quoted through publicly available pricing sources. These investments are redeemable on request.
Interest in common/collective trusts are valued using the net asset value as provided monthly by the investment manager or fund company.
Six of the investments in collective trusts are fixed income funds, whose strategy is to use individual subfunds to efficiently add a representative sample of securities in individual market sectors to the portfolio. The remaining four investments in collective trusts held by the Plan are invested in equity funds. The strategy of these funds is to generate returns predominantly from developed equity markets. These funds are generally redeemable with a short-term written or verbal notice. There are no unfunded commitments related to these types of funds.
Investments in partnerships are valued at the net asset value of our investment in the fund as reported by the fund managers. The Plan holds investments in two partnerships. One partnership’s strategy is to generate returns through real estate-related investments. Certain distributions are received from this fund as the underlying assets are liquidated. The other partnership’s strategy is to generate returns through investment in developing equity markets. This fund is redeemable with a 30-day notice, subject to a 0.45% charge. Future funding commitments to our partnership investments totaled $0.7 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
As of December 31, 2020, pension plan assets include one hedge fund which is a fund of hedge funds whose objective is to produce a return that is uncorrelated with market movements. Investments in hedge funds are valued at the net asset value as reported by the fund managers. Shares in the hedge fund are generally redeemable twice a year or on the last business day of each quarter with at least 95 days written notice subject to a potential 5% holdback. There are no unfunded commitments related to the hedge funds.
We review audited financial statements and additional investor information to evaluate fair value estimates from our investment managers or fund administrator. Our policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between levels during the period.
NOTE 10 - Shareholders’ equity
As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, our authorized capital was comprised of 800 million shares of common stock and 2 million shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2020, shareholders’ equity of TEGNA included 219.5 million shares that were outstanding (net of 104.9 million shares of common stock held in treasury). As of December 31, 2019, shareholders’ equity of TEGNA included 217.5 million shares that were outstanding (net of 107.0 million shares of common stock held in treasury). No shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020, or 2019.
Capital stock and earnings per share
We report earnings per share on two bases, basic and diluted. All basic income per share amounts are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The calculation of diluted earnings per share also considers the assumed dilution from the issuance of performance shares and restricted stock units and exercise of stock options.
Our earnings per share (basic and diluted) for 2020, 2019, and 2018 are presented below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
2020 2019 2018
Net income $ 482,763 $ 286,235 $ 401,340
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax - - 4,325
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 15 - -
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest (See Note 12) (933) - -
Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value (15) - -
Earnings available to common shareholders $ 481,830 $ 286,235 $ 405,665
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic 219,232 217,138 216,184
Effect of dilutive securities
Restricted stock 246 461 139
Performance share units 254 346 97
Stock options 1 32 201
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 219,733 217,977 216,621
Earnings from continuing operations per share - basic $ 2.20 $ 1.32 $ 1.86
Earnings from discontinued operations per share - basic - - 0.02
Earnings per share - basic $ 2.20 $ 1.32 $ 1.88
Earnings from continuing operations per share - diluted $ 2.19 $ 1.31 $ 1.85
Earnings from discontinued operations per share - diluted - - 0.02
Earnings per share - diluted $ 2.19 $ 1.31 $ 1.87
Our calculation of diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effects for the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units and performance share units.
Share repurchase program
In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the renewal of our share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. The shares may be repurchased at management’s discretion, either in the open market or in privately negotiated block transactions. Management’s decision to repurchase shares will depend on price and other corporate needs. Purchases may occur from time to time and no maximum purchase price has been set. The program was previously suspended on March 20, 2019 simultaneously with the announcement of our acquisition of the Nexstar-Tribune divestiture stations to prioritize use of cash for debt repayment associated with those acquisitions. During 2020 and 2019, no shares were repurchased. In 2018, 0.5 million shares were purchased for $5.8 million. Certain of the shares we previously acquired have been reissued in settlement of employee stock awards.
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
In May 2001, our shareholders approved the adoption of the 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan. This plan was amended and restated as of May 4, 2010, to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance to 60.0 million shares of our common stock. In April 2020, our shareholders approved the adoption of the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the Plan). The Plan reserved the issuance of an additional 20.0 million shares or our common stock. The Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), performance share units, performance share awards, and other equity-based and cash-based awards. Awards may be granted to our employees and members of the Board of Directors. The Plan provides that shares of common stock subject to awards granted become available again for issuance if such awards are canceled or forfeited.
Performance share program - The Leadership Development and Compensation Committee (LDCC) of the Board of Directors has established a long-term incentive performance share program for our executives under the Plan. The number of shares earned under the performance share awards (PSAs) program is determined based on the achievement of certain financial performance criteria (adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow as defined by the PSA agreement) over a two-year cumulative financial performance period. If the financial performance criteria are met and certified by the LDCC, the shares earned under the PSA will be subject to an additional one year service period before the common stock is released to the employees. The PSAs do not pay dividends or allow voting rights during the three-year incentive period. Therefore, the fair value of the PSA is the quoted market value of our stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the relevant performance period. The PSA provides the LDCC with limited discretion to make adjustments to the financial targets to ensure consistent year-to-year comparison for the performance criteria. For expense recognition, in the period it becomes
probable that the minimum performance criteria specified in the PSA will be achieved, we recognize expense, net of estimated forfeitures, for the proportionate share of the total fair value of the shares subject to the PSA related to the vesting period that has already lapsed. Each reporting period during the two-year performance period, we adjust the fair value of the PSAs to the quoted market value of our stock price. In the event we determine it is no longer probable that we will achieve the minimum performance criteria specified in the PSA, we reverse all of the previously recognized compensation expense in the period such a determination is made.
RSU program - We also issue stock-based compensation to employees in the form of RSUs. These awards generally entitle employees to receive at the end of a specified vesting period one share of common stock for each RSU granted, conditioned on continued employment for the relevant vesting period. RSUs granted since 2016 vest 25% per year and settle annually. RSUs do not pay dividends or confer voting rights in respect of the underlying common stock during the vesting period. RSUs are valued based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the relevant vesting period. The fair value of the RSU, less estimated forfeitures, is recognized as compensation expense ratably over the vesting period.
Total shareholder return program - Prior to 2018, senior executives participated in a performance share award plan (PSU) in which the number of shares that an executive receives is determined based upon how our total shareholder return (TSR) compares to the TSR of a peer group of companies during the three-year period. For this PSU award, we recognized the grant date fair value of each PSU, less estimated forfeitures, as compensation expense ratably over the incentive period. Fair value was determined by using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Each PSU is equal to and paid in one share of our common stock, but carries no voting or dividend rights. The number of shares ultimately issued for each PSU award may range from 0% to 200% of the award’s target. No PSUs were granted in 2020, 2019, and 2018.
We generally grant both RSUs and performance share awards annually to employees on March 1.
Stock-based Compensation Expense: The following table shows the stock-based compensation related amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for equity awards pertaining to continuing operations (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
RSUs $ 11,686 $ 9,699 $ 7,260
PSAs 8,620 9,277 2,693
PSUs - 1,170 2,578
Total stock-based compensation 20,306 20,146 12,531
Total income tax benefit (provision) 4,297 4,354 (184)
Stock-based compensation net of tax $ 16,009 $ 15,792 $ 12,715
RSUs: As of December 31, 2020, there was $22.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and RSUs. This amount will be adjusted for future changes in estimated forfeitures and recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
A summary of RSU awards is presented below:
2020 2019 2018
RSU Activity Shares Weighted
average
fair value
Shares Weighted
average
fair value
Shares Weighted
average
fair value
Unvested at beginning of year 2,132,936 $ 13.22 1,567,704 $ 14.65 1,062,550 $ 21.29
Granted 1,416,300 13.39 1,356,848 13.09 1,198,787 11.99
Vested (738,159) 14.03 (581,479) 16.31 (477,050) 15.11
Canceled (196,423) 13.14 (210,137) 14.53 (216,583) 17.98
Unvested at end of year 2,614,654 $ 13.09 2,132,936 $ 13.22 1,567,704 $ 14.65
PSAs: The PSAs were first granted in 2018. A summary for the PSAs activity is presented below:
2020 2019 2018
PSAs Activity Target number of shares Weighted average fair value Target number of shares Weighted average fair value Target number of shares Weighted average fair value
Unvested at beginning of year 698,482 $ 12.26 450,085 $ 12.05 - $ -
Granted 673,127 13.47 567,356 12.36 565,187 12.05
Vested (151,511) 13.40 (261,286) 12.16 (91,451) 12.05
Canceled (77,219) 12.50 (57,673) 12.08 (23,651) 12.05
Unvested at end of year 1,142,879 $ 12.87 698,482 $ 12.26 450,085 $ 12.05
PSUs: As of December 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested PSUs as the last awards fully vested as of December 31, 2019.
A summary of our PSUs is presented below:
2019 2018
PSUs Activity Target number of shares Weighted average fair value Target number of shares Weighted average fair value
Unvested at beginning of year 250,840 $ 23.92 662,835 $ 25.87
Granted - - - -
Vested (228,287) 23.92 (383,095) 27.19
Canceled (22,553) 23.92 (28,900) 25.39
Unvested at end of year - $ - 250,840 $ 23.92
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
The elements of our Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCL) principally consisted of pension, retiree medical and life insurance liabilities and foreign currency translation. The following tables summarize the components of, and changes in AOCL, net of tax (in thousands):
2020 Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation (1)
Total
Balance at beginning of year $ (142,398) $ (199) $ (142,597)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications 16,779 102 16,881
Amounts reclassified from AOCL 4,640 - 4,640
Balance at end of year $ (120,979) $ (97) $ (121,076)
2019 Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation (1)
Total
Balance at beginning of year $ (136,893) $ 382 $ (136,511)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (10,339) (581) (10,920)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL 4,834 - 4,834
Balance at end of year $ (142,398) $ (199) $ (142,597)
2018 Retirement Plans Foreign Currency Translation (1)
Total
Balance at beginning of year $ (107,037) $ 114 $ (106,923)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (14,450) 268 (14,182)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL 9,439 - 9,439
Total other comprehensive income $ (5,011) $ 268 $ (4,743)
Reclassification of stranded tax effects to retained earnings (24,845) - (24,845)
Balance at end of year $ (136,893) $ 382 $ (136,511)
(1) Our entire foreign currency translation adjustment is related to our CareerBuilder investment. We record our share of foreign currency translation adjustments through our equity method investment.
AOCL components are included in the computation of net periodic post-retirement costs which include pension costs discussed in Note 7 and our other post-retirement benefits (health care and life insurance benefits). Reclassifications out of AOCL related to these post-retirement plans included the following (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost $ (481) $ (481) $ (403)
Amortization of actuarial loss 6,690 6,246 5,544
Pension payment timing related charges - 686 7,498
Total reclassifications, before tax 6,209 6,451 12,639
Income tax effect (1,569) (1,617) (3,200)
Total reclassifications, net of tax $ 4,640 $ 4,834 $ 9,439
NOTE 11 - Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net
As events occur, or circumstances change, we may recognize non-cash impairment charges to reduce the book value of goodwill, other intangible assets and other long-lived assets or to record charges (gains) related to spectrum repacking reimbursements and other efforts, or unique events.
A summary of these items by year (pre-tax basis) is presented below (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Reimbursement of spectrum repacking $ (13,180) $ (16,974) $ (7,400)
Property and equipment gains - (2,880) (5,989)
Intangible asset impairments and other charges 3,225 9,063 -
Contract termination and other costs related to national sales - 5,456 -
Lease exit and other charges - - 551
Hurricane-related losses, net - - 1,137
Total spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net $ (9,955) $ (5,335) $ (11,701)
Reimbursement of spectrum repacking: Some of our stations have had to purchase new equipment in order to comply with the FCC spectrum repacking initiative. As part of this initiative, the FCC is reimbursing companies for costs incurred to comply with the new requirements. In 2020, 2019 and 2018, we received $13.2 million, $17.0 million, $7.4 million of such reimbursements, which we have recorded as contra expense.
Property and equipment gains: In 2019, we recognized a $2.9 million gain related to sale of one of our real estate properties. In 2018, we recognized a $6.0 million gain as a result of the sale of real estate in Houston, Texas.
Intangible asset impairments and other charges: In 2020, as a result of our annual impairment analysis we determined that a radio FCC license experienced a decline in value which resulted in a $1.1 million impairment charge. In the second quarter of 2020, we recognized a $2.1 million impairment charge in connection with eliminating the use of the Justice Network brand name and re-establishing the business under a new brand name called True Crime Network. In 2019, we recognized $9.1 million of impairment charges, related to assets classified as held-for sale.
Contract termination and other costs related to national sales: This expense is comprised of a contract termination and other incremental transition costs related to bringing our national sales organization in-house (which occurred during the third quarter of 2019). Prior to this transition we utilized a third party national marketing representation firm for our national television advertising.
Lease exit and other charges: In 2018 we incurred charges related to exiting a lease used by our former Cofactor business, which operated within our former Digital segment.
Hurricane related losses, net: In 2018 we recognized losses of $1.1 million related to hurricane damage.
NOTE 12 - Other matters
Litigation: In the third quarter of 2018, certain national media outlets reported the existence of a confidential investigation by the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DOJ) into the local television advertising sales practices of station owners. We received a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) in connection with the DOJ’s investigation. On November 13 and December 13, 2018, the DOJ and seven broadcasters settled a DOJ complaint alleging the exchange of competitively sensitive information in the broadcast television industry. In June 2019, we and four other broadcasters entered into a substantially identical agreement with DOJ, which was entered by the court on December 3, 2019. The settlement contains no finding of wrongdoing or liability and carries no penalty. It prohibits us and the other settling entities from sharing certain confidential business information, or using such information pertaining to other broadcasters, except under limited circumstances. The settlement also requires the settling parties to make certain enhancements to their antitrust compliance programs, to continue to cooperate with the DOJ’s investigation, and to permit DOJ to verify compliance. We do not expect the costs of compliance to be material.
Since the national media reports, numerous putative class action lawsuits were filed against owners of television stations (the Advertising Cases) in different jurisdictions. Plaintiffs are a class consisting of all persons and entities in the United States who paid for all or a portion of advertisement time on local television provided by the defendants. The Advertising Cases assert antitrust and other claims and seek monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest, as well as injunctions against the allegedly wrongful conduct.
These cases have been consolidated into a single proceeding in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, captioned Clay, Massey & Associates, P.C. v. Gray Television, Inc. et. al., filed on July 30, 2018. At the court’s direction, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on April 3, 2019, that superseded the original complaints. Although we were named as a defendant in sixteen of the original complaints, the amended complaint did not name TEGNA as a defendant. After TEGNA and four other broadcasters entered into consent decrees with the DOJ in June 2019, the plaintiffs sought leave from the court to further amend the complaint to add TEGNA and the other settling broadcasters to the proceeding. The court granted the plaintiffs’ motion, and the plaintiffs filed the second amended complaint on September 9, 2019. On October 8, 2019, the defendants jointly filed a motion to dismiss the matter. On November 6, 2020, the court denied the motion to dismiss. We deny any violation of law, believe that the claims asserted in the Advertising Cases are without merit, and intend to defend ourselves vigorously against them.
We, along with a number of our subsidiaries, also are defendants in other judicial and administrative proceedings involving matters incidental to our business. We do not believe that any material liability will be imposed as a result of any of the foregoing matters.
Commitments: The following table summarizes the expected cash outflow related to our commitments related to license broadcast agreements that are not recorded on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2020. Such obligations include future payments related to our programming contracts (in thousands). See Note 8 for further information on our lease commitments. We have $2.20 billion of commitments under programming contracts that include syndicated television station commitments to purchase programming to be produced in future years. This also includes amounts related to our network affiliation agreements. Certain network affiliation agreements include variable fee components such as a rate per number of subscribers, which in have been estimated based on current subscriber levels and reflected in the table below.
Programming Contracts
2021 $ 810,069
2022 847,218
2023 536,785
2024 1,981
2025 404
Thereafter -
Total $ 2,196,457
Major Customers: Customers that purchase our advertising and marketing services are comprised of local, regional, and national advertisers across our markets. Our subscription revenue customers include cable operators and satellite providers for carriage of our television stations. In 2020, one customer purchased both advertising and marketing services and paid us compensation related to retransmission consent agreements, which payments in the aggregate represented more than 10% of consolidated revenues in 2020. This customer represented $393.4 million of consolidated revenue in fiscal year ended
December 31, 2020. In prior years we had two major customers that purchased more than 10% of our revenue with $270.3 million and $251.2 million in 2019, and $245.3 million and $223.8 million in 2018 of consolidated revenue.
Related Party Transactions: We have an equity and debt investment in MadHive, Inc. (MadHive) which is a related party of TEGNA. In addition to our investment, we also have a commercial agreement with MadHive where they support our Premion business in acquiring and delivering over-the-top ad impressions. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred expenses of $55.1 million as a result of the commercial agreement with MadHive. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred $34.3 million of expenses under the commercial agreement. These expenses are recorded as “Cost of revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had accounts payable and accrued liabilities associated with the commercial agreement of $13.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively.
Sale of minority ownership interest in Premion: On March 2, 2020, we sold a minority ownership interest in Premion, LLC (Premion) for $14.0 million to an affiliate of Gray Television (Gray). In connection with that transaction, Premion and Gray entered into a commercial arrangement under which Gray resells Premion services across all of Gray’s 93 television markets. Our TEGNA stations and Gray each have the right to independently sell Premion’s inventory in markets where we both operate a local television station. The sale of spot television advertising is not part of this agreement, and Gray and our TEGNA stations continue to sell spot advertising for our respective stations without any involvement from the other party.
In connection with acquiring a minority interest, Gray has the right to sell its interest to Premion if there is a change in control of TEGNA or if the commercial reselling agreement terminates. Since redemption of the minority ownership interest is outside our control, Gray’s equity interest is presented outside of the Equity section on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the caption “Redeemable noncontrolling interest.” On the date of sale, we recorded a $14.0 million redeemable noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in connection with Gray’s investment. When the redemption value or the carrying value (the acquisition date fair value adjusted for the noncontrolling interest’s share of net income (loss) and dividends) is less than the redemption value, we adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest to equal the redemption value with changes recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings. Any such adjustment, when necessary, will be performed as of the applicable balance sheet date.
FCC Broadcast Spectrum Program: In April 2017, the FCC announced the completion of a voluntary incentive auction to reallocate certain spectrum then occupied by television broadcast stations to mobile wireless broadband services, along with a related “repacking” of the television spectrum for remaining television stations. None of our stations relinquished any spectrum rights as a result of the auction. Stations in eighteen of our markets (including one station we acquired post-repack in 2020) were repacked to new channels. All of our repacked stations have completed their transitions to their new channels.
The legislation authorizing the incentive auction and repacking established a $1.75 billion fund for reimbursement of costs incurred by stations required to change channels in the repacking. Subsequent legislation enacted on March 23, 2018, appropriated an additional $1 billion for the repacking fund, of which up to $750 million may be made available to repacked full power and Class A television stations and multichannel video programming distributors. Other funds are earmarked to assist affected low power television stations, television translator stations, and FM radio stations, as well for consumer education efforts. On October 7, 2020, the FCC announced that all final invoices and supporting documentation for reimbursement requests will be due no later than (1) October 8, 2021, for full power and Class A TV stations that transitioned in Phase 5 or earlier; (2) March 22, 2022, for full power and Class A TV stations that transitioned in Phase 6 or later; and (3) September 5, 2022, for all other entities entitled to seek repacking-related reimbursements (including low power television stations and television translator stations). By law, the repacking reimbursement program will end July 3, 2023, at which point any remaining unobligated funds will be returned to the U.S. Treasury.
A majority of our capital expenditures in connection with the repack occurred in 2018 and 2019. To date, we have incurred approximately $42.0 million in capital expenditures for the spectrum repack project. We have received FCC reimbursements of approximately $37.6 million through December 31, 2020. The reimbursements were recorded as a contra operating expense within our Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net line item on our Consolidated Statements of Income and reported as an investing inflow on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We expect to receive reimbursements for the remaining $4.4 million of our spend upon completion of the FCC’s reimbursement review process.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this annual report.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013 framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no material changes in our internal controls or in other factors during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information captioned “Your Board of Directors,” “The TEGNA Nominees,” “Committees of the Board of Directors,” “Committee Charters” and “Ethics Policy” under the heading “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” in our 2021 proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information captioned “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” “Outstanding Director Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” AND “Proposal 1-Election of Directors - Related Transactions” in our 2021 proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information captioned “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Securities Beneficially Owned by Directors, Executive Officers and Principal Shareholders” in our 2021 proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information captioned “Director Nominees” under the heading “2021 Proxy Statement Summary: Snapshot of 2021 Director Nominees” and “Related Transactions” under the heading “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” in our 2021 proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information captioned “Report of the Audit Committee” in our 2021 proxy statement is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules and Exhibits.
(1)Financial Statements.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2)Financial Statement Schedules.
All schedules are omitted as the required information is not applicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.
(3)Exhibits.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
3-1 Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TEGNA Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2007.
3-1-1 Amendment to Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TEGNA Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2015.
3-1-2 Amendment to Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TEGNA Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2015.
3-2 By-laws, as amended through July 24, 2018. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2018.
4-1 Indenture dated as of March 1, 1983, between TEGNA Inc. and Citibank, N.A., as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
4-2 First Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 5, 1986, among TEGNA Inc., Citibank, N.A., as Trustee, and Sovran Bank, N.A., as Successor Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
4-3 Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 1, 1995, among TEGNA Inc., NationsBank, N.A., as Trustee, and Crestar Bank, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
4-4 Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 29, 2013, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017.
4-5 Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 3, 2013, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-8 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2013.
4-6 Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 13, 2019, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019.
4-7 Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 9, 2020, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020.
4-8 Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 10, 2020, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020.
4-9 Description of Securities. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-7 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
10-1 Supplemental Executive Medical Plan Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2011.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010.
10-1-1 Amendment No. 1 to the Supplemental Executive Medical Plan Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2012.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2012.
10-1-2 Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-6 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-1-3 Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan effective as of November 1, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016.
10-2 Supplemental Executive Medical Plan for Retired Executives dated December 22, 2010 and effective January 1, 2011.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010.
10-2-1 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan for Retired Executives dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-2-2 Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan for Retired Executives effective as of November 1, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016.
10-3 TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan Restatement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2007.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
10-3-1 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated July 31, 2008 and effective August 1, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2008.
10-3-2 Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated December 22, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010.
10-3-3 Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-8 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-3-4 Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated as of November 7, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
10-3-5 Amendment No. 5 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan, dated as of April 26, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.
10-4 TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement dated February 1, 2003 (reflects all amendments through July 25, 2006).* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.
10-4-1 TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2007.
10-4-2 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated July 31, 2008 and effective August 1, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2008.
10-4-3 Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated December 9, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008.
10-4-4 Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated October 27, 2009.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2009.
10-4-5 Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated December 22, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-5 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010.
10-4-6 Amendment No. 5 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-10 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-4-7 Amendment No. 6 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rues for Post-2004 Deferrals dated as of December 8, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-7 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
10-4-8 Amendment No. 7 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of May 3, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-11 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017.
10-4-9 Amendment No. 8 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of November 7, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-9 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
10-4-10 Amendment No. 9 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of April 26, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.
10-4-11 Amendment No. 10 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of November 16, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-11 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
10-5 Amendment to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-9 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-5-1 Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals, dated as of May 3, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-12 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017.
10-5-2 Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals, dated as of April 26, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30 2018.
10-5-3 Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals, dated as of November 16 , 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-5-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
10-6 TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2007.
10-6-1 Amendment No. 1 to TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement dated as of May 4, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 28, 2010.
10-6-2 Amendment No. 2 to TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement dated as of December 22, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-5-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010.
10-6-3 Amendment No. 3 to TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-11 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-6-4 Notice to Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement Participants.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-6-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
10-7 TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated as of May 4, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 28, 2010.
10-7-1 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010).* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2015.
10-7-2 Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010) dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-12 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-7-3 Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010) dated as of February 23, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on February 26, 2016.
10-7-4 Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010) effective as of November 1, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016.
10-7-5 Amendment No. 5 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010), dated as of May 3, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-10 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017.
10-8 TEGNA Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan. Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to TEGNA Inc.’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 25, 2020.
10-9 Form of Director Stock Option Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2007.
10-10 Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-5 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.
10-10-1 Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019.
10-10-2 Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2020.
10-11 Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2015.
10-11-1 Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017.
10-11-2 Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018.
10-11-3 Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7-18 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
10-11-4 Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019.
10-11-5 Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
10-11-6 Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2020.
10-12 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2015.
10-12-1 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017.
10-12-2 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018.
10-12-3 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7-25 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
10-12-4 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019.
10-12-5 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020.
10-12-6 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2020.
10-13 Description of TEGNA Inc.’s Non-Employee Director Compensation.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-15 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-14 Amendment for Section 409A Plans dated December 31, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-14 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008.
10-15 Executive Life Insurance Plan document dated December 31, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-15 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008.
10-15-1 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Executive Life Insurance Plan Document dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-13 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-16 Key Executive Life Insurance Plan dated October 29, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2010.
10-16-1 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Key Executive Life Insurance Plan dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-14 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-16-2 Form of Participation Agreement under Key Executive Life Insurance Plan.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2010.
10-17 Omnibus Amendment to Terms and Conditions of Stock Option Awards dated as of December 31, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-19 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008.
10-18 Omnibus Amendment to Outstanding Award Agreements of Certain Executives effective as of November 1, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-25 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016.
10-19 TEGNA Inc. 2015 Change in Control Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-8 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017.
10-19-1 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. 2015 Change in Control Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-27-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
10-20 TEGNA Inc. Executive Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-9 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017.
10-20-1 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Executive Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-28-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
10-21 Offer Letter between TEGNA Inc. and David T. Lougee, dated as of May 3, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2017.
10-22 Letter Agreement between TEGNA Inc. and Victoria D. Harker, dated as of May 4, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2017.
10-23 Amendment and Restatement Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, to each of (i) the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2002 and effective as of March 18, 2002, as amended and restated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010 and as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010 (the “2002 Credit Agreement”), among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement (the “2002 Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “2002 Administrative Agent”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., as syndication agents, and Barclays Bank PLC, as documentation agent, (ii) the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2004 and effective as of March 15, 2004, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010, and as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010 (the “2004 Credit Agreement”), among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement (the “2004 Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., as syndication agents, and Barclays Bank PLC and SunTrust Bank, as documentation agents and (iii) the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010 and as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010 (the “2005 Credit Agreement” and, together with the 2002 Credit Agreement and the 2004 Credit Agreement, the “Credit Agreements”), among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement (the “2005 Lenders” and, together with the 2002 Lenders and the 2004 Lenders, the “Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “2005 Administrative Agent” and, together with the 2002 Administrative Agent and the 2004 Administrative Agent, the “Administrative Agent”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., as syndication agents, and Barclays Bank PLC, as documentation agent, by and between TEGNA Inc., the Guarantors under the Credit Agreements as of August 5, 2013, the Administrative Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A., as issuing lenders and the Lenders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
10-23-1 Master Assignment and Assumption, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and between each of the lenders listed thereon as assignors and/or assignees. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013.
10-23-2 Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A. as syndication agents. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013.
10-23-3 Sixth Amendment, dated as of September 24, 2013, to the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010, as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010, and as further amended and restated pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013.
10-23-4 Seventh Amendment, dated as of February 13, 2015, to the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013 and as further amended by the Sixth Amendment thereto, dated as of September 24, 2013, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2015.
10-23-5 Eighth Amendment, dated as of June 29, 2015, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, and as further amended by the Seventh Amendment thereto dated as of February 13, 2015, and the Sixth Amendment thereto dated September 24, 2013, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto, as set forth on Exhibit A to the Eight Amendment. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015.
10-23-6 Ninth Amendment, dated as of September 30, 2016, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, and as further amended by the Eighth Amendment thereto, dated as of June 29, 2015, the Seventh Amendment thereto, dated as of February 13, 2015, and the Sixth Amendment thereto, dated as of September 24, 2013, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto, as set forth on Exhibit A, to the Ninth Amendment. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016.
10-23-7 Tenth Amendment, dated as of August 1, 2017, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, and as further amended, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
10-23-8 Eleventh Amendment, dated as of June 21, 2018, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, as further amended as of June 29, 2015, as further amended as of August 1, 2017, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.
10-23-9 Twelfth Amendment, dated as of August 15, 2019, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2015, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, as further amended as of June 29, 2015, as further amended as of August 1, 2017, and as further amended as of June 21, 2018, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019.
10-23-10 Thirteenth Amendment, dated as of June 11, 2020, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, and as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, as further amended as of June 29, 2015, as further amended as of September 30, 2016, as further amended as of August 1, 2017, as further amended as of June 21, 2018 and as further amended as of August 15, 2019, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2020.
10-24 Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated September 25, 2013, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-5 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013.
10-24-1 Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated May 5, 2014, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2014.
10-24-2 Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated as of September 23, 2015, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, as amended, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 27, 2015.
10-24-3 Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated as of September 26, 2016, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, as amended, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016.
10-25 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 20, 2019, by and among Nexstar Media Group, Inc., Belo Holdings, Inc. and TEGNA Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019.
10-26 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 10, 2019, by and among RadiOhio Incorporated, Radio Acquisition Corp., TEGNA Inc., and Michael J. Fiorile, solely in his capacity as Stockholder Representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019.
10-27 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2019, by and among VideoIndiana, Inc., the Sellers named therein, Michael J. Fiorile, solely in his capacity as Stockholder Representative, and TEGNA Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019.
10-28 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2019, by and among WBNS TV, Inc., the Sellers named therein, Michael J. Fiorile, solely in his capacity as Stockholder Representative, and TEGNA Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Location
21 Subsidiaries of TEGNA Inc. Attached.
23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Attached.
23.2 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Attached.
31-1 Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Attached.
31-2 Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Attached.
32-1 Section 1350 Certification. Attached.
32-2 Section 1350 Certification. Attached.
101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Date file because its Inline XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. Attached.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. Attached.
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. Attached.
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document. Attached.
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. Attached.
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. Attached.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). Attached.
For purposes of the incorporation by reference of documents as Exhibits, all references to Form 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K of TEGNA Inc. refer to Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K filed with the Commission under Commission file number 1-6961.
We agree to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of each agreement with respect to long-term debt not filed herewith in reliance upon the exemption from filing applicable to any series of debt which does not exceed 10% of our total consolidated assets.
* Asterisks identify management contracts and compensatory plans arrangements.