EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1779474
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1779474_10-K_2025_0001779474-25-000007.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Our Company
Founded in 2008, and headquartered in Irvine, California, WM Technology, Inc. operates a leading online cannabis marketplace for consumers together with a comprehensive set of eCommerce and compliance software solutions for cannabis businesses, which are sold to both storefront locations and delivery operators (“retailers”) and brands in the legalized cannabis markets in states and territories of the United States. Our comprehensive business-to-consumer and business-to-business suite of products afford cannabis retailers and brands of all sizes integrated tools to compliantly run their businesses and to reach, convert, and retain consumers.
WM Technology, Inc. was initially incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 7, 2019 under the name “Silver Spike Acquisition Corp” (“Silver Spike”). Silver Spike was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On June 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Silver Spike consummated the business combination (the “Business Combination”), pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 10, 2020, by and among Silver Spike, Silver Spike Merger Sub LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned direct subsidiary of Silver Spike Acquisition Corp., WM Holding Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (when referred to in its pre-Business Combination capacity, “Legacy WMH” and following the Business Combination, “WMH LLC”), and Ghost Media Group, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company. On the Closing Date, and in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, Silver Spike was domesticated and continues as a Delaware corporation, and changed its name to WM Technology, Inc.
Our business primarily consists of our commerce-driven marketplace (“Weedmaps”), and our fully integrated suite of end-to-end Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) solutions software offering (“Weedmaps for Business”). The Weedmaps marketplace provides cannabis consumers with information regarding cannabis retailers and brands. In addition, the Weedmaps marketplace aggregates data from a variety of sources, including retailer point-of-sale (“POS”) solutions, to provide consumers with the ability to browse by strain, price, cannabinoids and other information regarding locally available cannabis products, through our website and mobile apps. The marketplace provides consumers with product discovery, access to deals and discounts, and reservation of products for pickup by consumers or delivery to consumers by participating retailers (retailers complete orders and process payments outside of the Weedmaps marketplace as Weedmaps serves only as a portal, passing a consumer’s inquiry to the dispensary). The marketplace also provides education and learning information to help newer consumers learn about the types of products to purchase. We believe the size, loyalty and engagement of our user base and the frequency of consumption of cannabis by our user base makes the Weedmaps marketplace highly valuable to our clients.
Weedmaps for Business, our SaaS offering, is a comprehensive set of eCommerce and compliance software solutions catered towards cannabis retailers, delivery services and brands that streamline front and back-end operations and help manage compliance needs. These tools support cannabis businesses at every stage in the consumer funnel, enabling them to:
•Strategically reach prospective cannabis consumers.
•Manage pickup, delivery and inventory in compliance with local regulations.
•Help improve the customer experience by creating online browsing and ordering functionality on a brand or retailer (including delivery) operator’s website.
•Foster customer loyalty and re-engage with segments of consumers.
•Leverage the Weedmaps for Business products in conjunction with any other preferred software solutions via integrations and application programming interfaces (“APIs”).
•Make informed marketing and merchandising decisions using performance analytics and consumer and brand insights to promote products to specific consumer groups.
We offer this functionality through a packaged software solution that includes (based on availability within any given market and state-level regulations) (i) a listing page with product menu on weedmaps.com, our iOS Weedmaps mobile application and our Android Weedmaps mobile application, which allows clients to disclose their license information, hours of operation, contact information, discount policies and other information that may be required under applicable state law, (ii) the ability to reserve products for pickup by consumers or delivery to consumers (either through weedmaps.com, on a white labeled WM Store website or third-party websites through our orders and menu embed product), (iii) customizable menus for brands, retailers and delivery operators to embed on their website, (iv) access to our APIs, including real-time connectivity between Weedmaps for Business to a POS to streamline workflows and promote compliance through accuracy and (v) analytics dashboards. We also offer add-on and a la carte products and services for additional fees, as discussed below.
The state-legal cannabis industry in the United States has grown consistently in recent years and was estimated to be between approximately $30-31 billion in 2024, according to Wall Street analyst estimates, and is expected by some estimates to grow to approximately $35 billion by 2027, assuming a continued pace of new state legalization, with 68% of U.S. adults in support of having legal access to cannabis. Currently, forty states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam and the Northern Mariana have legalized some form of cannabis use for certain medical purposes. Twenty-four of those states, the District of Columbia, Guam and Northern Mariana have legalized cannabis for adults for non-medical purposes as well (sometimes referred to as adult or recreational use). Eight additional states have legalized forms of low-potency cannabis, for select medical conditions. Only two states continue to prohibit cannabis entirely. Despite expectations of growth, the regulated cannabis market in the United States is still nascent and fragmented, with significant challenges facing both consumers seeking to understand cannabis and find the right products for them and businesses seeking to operate compliantly and to effectively reach and market to cannabis consumers. Within the U.S., cannabis users (defined as adults, aged 21 and older, who have consumed cannabis in the past year) represent less than 22% of the total U.S. adult, aged 21 and older, population today (and less than 16% for those that consumed in the past month). On the client side, as of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 12,000 retail licenses across the United States with medical and/or adult-use regulations in place, which is an effective retail density of approximately one retail license per 21,750 residents across these markets in the aggregate, based on data available from individual governmental cannabis license databases and the U.S. Census Bureau estimates for both licenses and population.
In addition to these nascent consumer and business dynamics, cannabis itself is a highly complex, regulated and diverse, non-shelf stable consumer good that spans hundreds of strains and a growing set of form factors available for consumption, including flower, pre-rolls, vapes, edibles, tinctures and concentrates. Despite these complexities, consumers still expect the same product information, discovery and comparison options across multiple channels from cannabis businesses that they expect from other retailers or brands. These consumer expectations, coupled with the lack of normalized product information in the industry, in addition to the unique attributes of cannabis as a nascent and highly regulated consumer product, create significant challenges for retailers and brands who serve cannabis consumers. Retailers and brands must meet these consumer expectations and provide omni-channel engagement opportunities with the same (i) level of service, (ii) richness of product information, (iii) ability to compare prices, and (iv) ease of product and brand discovery that consumers would receive when researching other consumer product categories. Further, brands are limited in their ability to market and sell directly and need to find ways to communicate to consumers. At the same time, these businesses must comply with a rapidly evolving legal and regulatory landscape that differs by state and across cities and counties within each state, creating challenges in the ability to scale in a capital-efficient way.
Our Product and Solution Ecosystem
Our solutions are designed to address the challenges facing cannabis consumers and businesses. The Weedmaps marketplace allows cannabis consumers to search for and browse cannabis products from retailers and brands, and ultimately reserve products from certain local retailers, in a manner similar to other technology platforms with breadth and depth of product, brand and retailer selection. With Weedmaps for Business, we offer an end-to-end platform for licensed cannabis retailers to comply
with state law. We sell a monthly subscription offering to retailer and brand clients as well as upsell and add-on offerings to licensed clients.
Our current Weedmaps for Business monthly subscription package includes:
•WM Listings: A listing page with product menu for a retailer or brand on the Weedmaps marketplace, enabling our clients to be discovered by the marketplace’s users. This also allows clients to disclose their license information, hours of operation, contact information, discount policies and other information that may be required under applicable state law.
•WM Orders: Software for retailers to receive pickup and delivery orders directly from a Weedmaps listing and connect orders directly with a client’s point-of-sale (“POS”) system (for certain POS systems). The marketplace also enables brands to route customer purchase interest to a retailer that carries the brand’s product. After a dispensary receives the order request from the consumer, the dispensary and the consumer can continue to communicate, adjust items in the request, and handle any stock issues, prior to and while the dispensary processes and fulfills the order.
•WM Store: Customizable order and menus embed which allows retailers and brands to import their Weedmaps listing menu or product reservation functionality to their own white-labeled WM Store website or separately owned website. WM Store facilitates customer pickup or delivery orders and enables retailers to reach more customers by bringing the breadth of the Weedmaps marketplace to a client’s own website.
•WM Connectors: A centralized integration platform, including API tools, for easier menu management, automatic inventory updates and streamlined order fulfillment to enable clients to save time and more easily integrate into the WM Technology ecosystem and integrate with disparate software systems. This creates business efficiencies and improves the accuracy and timeliness of information across Weedmaps, creating a more positive experience for consumers and businesses.
•WM Insights: An insights and analytics platform for clients leveraging data across the Weedmaps marketplace and software solutions. WM Insights provides data and analytics on user engagement and traffic trends to a client’s listing page. For Brand clients, WM Insights allows them to monitor their brand and product rankings, identify retailers not carrying products and keep track of top brands and products by category and state.
We also offer other add-on products for additional fees, including:
•WM Ads: Ad solutions on the Weedmaps marketplace designed for clients to amplify their businesses and reach more highly engaged cannabis consumers throughout their buying journey including:
◦Featured Listings: Premium placement ad solutions on high visibility locations on the Weedmaps marketplace (desktop and mobile) to amplify our clients’ businesses and maximize clients’ listings and deal presence.
◦WM Deals: Discount and promotion pricing tools that let clients strategically reach prospective price-conscious cannabis customers with deals or discounts to drive conversion. In some jurisdictions, it is required by applicable law to showcase discounts.
◦Other ads solutions: Includes banner ads and promotion tiles on our marketplace as well as banner ads that can be tied to keyword searches. These products provide clients with targeted ad solutions in highly visible slots across our digital surfaces.
•WM Dispatch: Compliant, automated and optimized logistics and fulfillment last-mile delivery software (including driver apps) that helps clients manage their delivery fleets. This product streamlines the delivery experience from in-store to front-door.
We sell our Weedmaps for Business suite in the United States and have a limited number of non-monetized listings in several other countries including Austria, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and Uruguay. We operate in the United States, Canada and other foreign jurisdictions where medical and/or adult cannabis use is legal under state or national law. As of December 31, 2024, we actively operated in over 35 U.S. states and territories that have adult-use and/or medical-use regulations in place. We define actively operated markets as those U.S. states or territories with greater than $1,000 monthly revenue. Substantially all of our revenue was generated in the United States.
Our mission is to power a transparent and inclusive global cannabis economy. Our technology addresses the challenges facing both consumers seeking to understand cannabis products and businesses who serve cannabis users in a legally compliant fashion. Since our founding in 2008, Weedmaps has become a premier destination for cannabis consumers to discover and browse information regarding cannabis and cannabis products, permitting product discovery and order-ahead for pickup or delivery by participating retailers. Weedmaps for Business is a set of eCommerce-enablement tools designed to help retailers and brands get the best out of the Weedmaps’ consumer experience, create labor efficiencies and manage compliance needs.
We hold a strong belief in the importance of enabling safe, legal access to cannabis for consumers worldwide. We believe we offer the only comprehensive software platform that allows cannabis retailers to reach their target audience, quickly and cost effectively, addressing a wide range of needs. We are committed to building the software solutions that power cannabis businesses compliantly in the industry, to advocating for legalization, licensing and social equity of cannabis and to facilitating further learning through partnership with subject matter experts to provide detailed, accurate information about cannabis.
As we continue to expand the presence and increase the number of consumers on the Weedmaps marketplace and broaden our offerings, we generate more value for our business clients. As we continue to expand the presence and increase the number of cannabis businesses listed on weedmaps.com, we become a more compelling marketplace for consumers. To capitalize on the growth opportunities of our two-sided marketplace and solutions, we plan to continue making investments in raising brand awareness, increasing penetration within existing markets and expanding to new markets, as well as continuing to develop and monetize new solutions to extend the functionality of our platform. These investments serve to deepen the consumer experience with our platform and continue to provide a high level of support to our business clients.
While the cannabis industry is still in the early innings of what could be decades of growth, we have established a leading position and a recognized brand given our 16-year operating history. Over the coming years, we plan to continue expanding our solutions and service offerings.
Challenges in Our End-Markets
Despite cannabis being a large and growing sector in the United States, we believe that cannabis is unlike many other consumer goods and retail categories for a number of reasons:
•Cannabis as a regulated industry is still in a nascent stage of development.
•Cannabis users (defined as adults, aged 21 and older, who have consumed cannabis in the past year) represent less than 22% of the total U.S. adult, aged 21 and older, population today (and less than 16% for those that consumed in the past month)3 without a “typical” user profile.
•Regulations governing cannabis are complex and vary state-by-state and by city and county within states.
•Cannabis has wide variance in characteristics that make it complex for consumers to make an informed purchase decision.
•Cannabis is a perishable good with a lack of product homogeneity.
•Brands are only in the early stages of establishing a consumer presence.
•The illicit market continues to pose a major challenge, directly competing with licensed operators burdened by high taxes and complex regulations.
•The industry has experienced periods of price deflation, including over the past three years, impacting the financial performance of businesses across the value chain.
•Limited access to capital (relative to other industries) and limitations under Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) on deduction or credit for certain expenses of cannabis business can reduce the cash flow and liquidity of many industry participants.
Our Competitive Strengths
Since our founding in 2008, we have grown to become a leading provider of technology solutions to the cannabis industry by leveraging our competitive strengths, including:
•Long History as a Technology Leader Serving the Cannabis Industry. Founded in 2008, we have a long history and established relationships with cannabis businesses and consumers across the United States. This long history has given us several competitive advantages, such as scale, attractive operating margins and local insights into emerging consumer and business trends across many markets. Our policy expertise allows us to anticipate and react quickly to changes in cannabis regulations and informs all aspects of our business, including our product ideation, development and go-to-market strategies.
•Largest Two-Sided Platform for Cannabis Businesses and Consumers. With $184.5 million in revenues and 5,077 average monthly paying clients for the year ended December 31, 2024, we believe we are the largest two-sided platform for cannabis businesses and consumers in the United States. Increasing the number of users on our platform, generates more engagements, which we expect can more easily persuade our business clients to consolidate their service providers by switching to our value-priced Weedmaps for Business bundled solution. Increasing the number of businesses on our marketplace, allows us to be a more compelling platform for users. As more businesses and users join the platform, we gain a richer trove of industry data to perform market research and assist in product development and improvement. The result is a self-reinforcing, mutually beneficial, two-sided network effect, which we believe is difficult to replicate.
•A Fully-Integrated Solution Specific to the Cannabis Industry. We believe our Weedmaps for Business is the industry’s only comprehensive solution and incorporates embedded compliance functionality so that our clients comply with state law through integrated software solutions ranging from live menus, logistics and fulfillment, POS integrations, inventory management and data and analytics. We also believe we are the only platform servicing cannabis that combines both a scaled marketplace and software - most other technology providers offer software solutions without the marketplace or a marketplace without software. We also believe we offer the most comprehensive software platform that allows cannabis retailers to reach their target audience, quickly and cost effectively, addressing a wide range of needs. Our platform features self-service administrative functionality that enables clients to manage their listings page, including adding images, adjusting their menus, editing product information and responding to reviews as well as analyzing traffic trends.
•Unique and Growing Data Asset. As a result our established presence, scale and the breadth of product offerings that provide us with a high volume of retail-level information and user insights, we have a growing and unique first-party data asset. Currently, the cannabis industry has few reliable sources of fulsome datasets. Our data gives us insights on local market trends and the shape of the consumer journey from exploration and discovery to point of direct interaction with retailers across multiple retailers, brands and products. As our network of clients and consumers continues to grow, our data set will become deeper and richer, increasing its value and our potential monetization opportunities.
•Ability to Innovate Rapidly and Launch New Products Efficiently at Scale. We have an agile product innovation and deployment process. Our sales team frequently engages with our paid clients about the products they use, as well as their business objectives and performance. We constantly strive to generate product ideas through this deep engagement with our clients, as well as empirical research. During the initial development phases, we test a proposed offering with relevant areas of our business such as sales, compliance, legal, marketing and technology, and use the resulting cross-functional input to develop a clear business rationale and explicit articulation of the goals, client problems that need to be solved, compliance features that need to be incorporated, and potential product-market fit prior to the investment of developer time and company resources. We leverage reusable microservices architecture and modular technology that can be redeployed across multiple new offerings for quicker development cycles. This streamlined approach yields smaller initiatives requiring less investment, enabling us to deliver cost-effective product innovation at a rapid pace.
•Capital-Efficient Business Model with Historical Track Record of Positive Cash Flows. We operate a cloud-based platform, and unlike other cannabis-related businesses, we require minimal physical footprint and are not directly exposed to fluctuations in product input costs. We do not require real estate or other significant capital outlays to enter new markets. Our offerings can be efficiently customized to new markets to facilitate expansion, which provides significant flexibility to scale and enter new markets with minimal investment. The capital-efficiency of our business model is evidenced by our historical robust margin profile and, our track record of positive Adjusted EBITDA and cash flows from operating activities.
•Operationally-Focused Management Team with Deep Experience. Our executive leadership team has extensive and relevant professional experience spanning the technology, consumer, retail, legal and financial services industries, with a track record of operational execution and driving growth. Our Chief Executive Officer, Douglas Francis is a co-founder of WM Technology and, prior to 2024, had also served as Executive Chair. We believe our deep knowledge of our end-markets and broad-based operational expertise spanning several industry sectors provides a key competitive advantage in executing against our growth strategy.
Our Growth Strategy
As a leading marketplace and software platform, our goal is not only to grow our market share but to grow the entire market by promoting wider access to licensed cannabis, educating consumers on how to shop for cannabis and providing licensed operators with the tools they need to access users and grow their businesses. We believe we are well-positioned to capitalize on underlying growth across our end-markets by executing against our strategy as follows:
•Grow Our Two-Sided Marketplace. Our goal is to be the center of commerce for consumers seeking cannabis. To support this goal, we intend to continue growing the number of consumers on our platform through original content that educates, entertains, facilitates discovery of new products, increases awareness of our platform and encourages repeat usage. As we grow our users and user engagements, we will continue to engage with our clients to demonstrate the value we believe they receive on our platform and can convince more businesses to increase adoption of our Weedmaps for Business services through our Weedmaps for Business subscription offering and additional add-ons.
•Expand Our Existing Markets and Enter New Markets. We have a significant opportunity to grow our client base both within existing markets that are continuing to grow and new markets as they become open to regulated cannabis. We believe we are a nationally-recognized brand in the cannabis industry, and we are monetizing our platform in over 35 U.S. states and territories, as of December 31, 2024. Based on our internal research, we believe the minimum level
of acceptable retail density to have a healthy and functioning licensed market is one licensed retailer per 10,000 residents. Many of the U.S. states where we operate today are still under-penetrated with low levels of licensed retail density based on our internal data. Despite recent and near term challenges, we believe that there are substantial growth opportunities for us in the long-term within our existing markets as retail licenses continue to be issued, and states move towards, and eventually beyond, the one retail license per 10,000 people ratio. As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 12,000 existing retail and delivery licenses across the United States. Assuming no cap on the number of licenses issued or other restrictions on the number of licenses issued, if these same markets were to issue enough licenses to match a ratio of one retail license per 10,000 residents, approximately 22,000 new retail licenses would be issued. This may require continued liberalization of license restrictions across cities and counties within certain states where we do business today. In addition, we believe that legalization by additional states and eventually the U.S. government is inevitable. Assuming no other restrictions on the number of licenses issued, if the entire United States reached a minimum level of density of one retail license per 10,000 residents, the total universe of retail licenses would reach approximately 34,000, which is approximately 2.8 times the current count of retail licenses in the United States. If our assumptions and projections are correct, this represents a significant growth opportunity for us as every new retail license issued is an opportunity to onboard a new client onto our platform and increase their monthly spend as they leverage more of our services, solutions and upsell / add-on products.
•Expand Our Weedmaps for Business Solutions and Monetize Gross Merchandise Value (“GMV”) Consistent with Federal and State Laws. We intend to continue expanding our suite of valuable advertising and software solutions and the functionality of our Weedmaps for Business solutions through additional offerings of premium analytics and loyalty tools, among other solutions, which we intend to monetize through additional higher priced tiers within our subscription offering. We will continue to expand the availability of our POS integrations across additional states. We also are continuously improving the base-level functionality across our Weedmaps for Business solutions. We believe these initiatives will result in a more engaged client who utilizes more of our services across our platform and is more ripe for monetization opportunities over time. While we do not believe GMV is a driver of our revenue currently, GMV could represent significant monetization potential over time when and if U.S. federal regulations allow us to monetize our clients’ currently off-platform transaction activity through take-rates or payment fees.
•Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. We take a measured approach to acquisition-related growth. We intend to continue selectively pursuing opportunities to invest in and acquire technology offerings that either complement our existing products and services or allow us to accelerate our growth.
Competition
Our direct competitors for individual components or parts of our platform include cannabis-focused marketplace like Leafly (for retail listing pages), cannabis-focused technology companies like Dutchie and Jane Technologies and a variety of cannabis-focused marketing and advertising technology solutions. In addition, for our retail listing pages, our platform may also compete with current or potential products and solutions offered by internet search engines and advertising networks like Google, general two-sided networks like Yelp, various other newspaper, television and media companies, outdoor billboard advertising, and online merchant platforms, such as Shopify, Square and Lightspeed, or delivery companies like DoorDash. For example, in January 2025, DoorDash announced an expanded offering to allow customers of legal age to purchase hemp derived THC and CBD products from merchants. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our market include the scale of our network, comprehensiveness of offerings, ease of adoption and use, ability to facilitate compliance with the complex, disparate regulations applicable to businesses operating in the cannabis industry and the breadth and trustworthiness of information available to consumers and brand. We believe we compete favorably based on these factors. On May 16, 2024, President Biden announced that the U.S. Attorney General initiated proceedings to transfer cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, through a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking ("NPRM") published on May 21, 2024. Should cannabis ultimately be rescheduled to Schedule III, this decision is expected to have far reaching implications that are not yet fully understood. For example, rescheduling may increase competitors in this space if non-cannabis technology companies who have previously avoided the space now decide to enter the market.
For additional information about the risks to our business related to competition, see the section titled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Industry-We currently face intense competition in the market and we expect competition to further intensify as the cannabis industry continues to evolve.”
Sales and Marketing
Sales
Our sales team is primarily based out of our Irvine, California headquarters. Members of our sales team are knowledgeable about the products and add-ons that we offer and assist new and existing clients with our platform.
We generate many leads for new listing pages through the applicable state cannabis regulators’ lists of licensees. Other leads are created from inbound requests by applicants for cannabis licenses to begin establishing their business’ presence on our platform pending an expected cannabis license.
Marketing
We believe the quality and strength of our platform is our most valuable marketing asset. Our marketing strategy, across both business-to-consumer and business-to-business commerce, consists of user acquisition, brand marketing, communications and field marketing.
Our key marketing efforts consist of driving awareness of the marketplace, new user acquisition, and increasing platform engagement with existing users. To drive awareness, we apply a range of strategies from broad integrated marketing campaigns, such as our work each year on April 20th (“420”), to local, on-the ground events in partnership with brands and retailers. While many traditional paid channels are still not available to cannabis industry brands (Google search and some social platforms for example) we have an evolving playbook of tactics to acquire new users that includes a combination of targeted out-of-home, programmatic display, and affiliate marketing campaigns. We augment our paid efforts with social media and search engine optimization tactics to drive organic traffic. To engage and retain existing users, we apply lifecycle tactics, leveraging our first party data to personalize touch points based on user interests.
We have reinvested in our own on-the-ground and field marketing presence and are increasing the types and cadence of client events. These events and in-store activations allow us to engage with consumers at the point of purchase and to engage directly with our clients, allowing us to understand each of their needs and challenges and foster goodwill.
Social Impact
To support the growth of an inclusive cannabis industry, we participate in policy panels and organize educational sessions to educate attendees about the importance of social equity programs and other policy initiatives that are designed to ensure the ability of people of color and those impacted by the war on drugs to participate in the legal cannabis markets that are opening (i.e. social equity licensing programs). We have drafted white papers and mock legislative provisions that were designed to support the enactment of social equity licensing programs and have advocated for state and local governments to enact social equity licensing programs. We have established a program, WM Teal, which stands for “Together for Equity Access and Legislation”, through which we provide free software, advertising, educational materials and training programs to applicants or licenses under social equity licensing programs.
Product Development
Our product development efforts focus on adding new features and solutions to our platform, as well as increasing the functionality and enhancing the ease of use of our platform. While we expect product development costs to increase as we continue to increase the functionality of our platform, we expect the percentage of total revenues represented by such costs to remain unchanged.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property and proprietary rights are valuable assets that are important to our business. In our efforts to safeguard our intellectual property, including copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, patents and other forms of intellectual property rights, we rely on a combination of federal, state, common law and international rights in the jurisdictions in which we operate.
We have an ongoing trademark and service mark registration program pursuant to which we register our brand names, taglines and logos in the United States, Canada, the European Union and other jurisdictions to the extent we determine they are appropriate and cost-effective.
As of December 31, 2024, we have been issued trademark registrations in the United States, Canada, Japan, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Mexico and Australia. We have also been issued an international trademark registration with designation in Australia and the European Union for “Weedmaps.”
In addition to our numerous trademark applications and registrations, we have United States copyright registrations for our weedmaps.com website, “Grow One,” and two versions of our Lab API documentation. Further, we own several domain names, including: weedmaps.com, marijuana.com, cannabis.com, wmpolicy.com, themuseumofweed.com, wm-retail.com, wmforbusiness.com and WM.store. Our trademarks and domain names are material to our business and brand identity.
We also rely on non-disclosure agreements, invention assignment agreements, intellectual property assignment agreements, or license agreements with employees, independent contractors, consumers, software providers and other third parties, which protect and limit access to and use of our proprietary intellectual property.
Though we rely, in part, upon these legal and contractual protections, we believe that factors such as the skills and ingenuity of our employees, as well as the functionality and frequent enhancements to our platform are larger contributors to our success in the marketplace.
Circumstances outside our control could pose a threat to our intellectual property rights. For more information, refer to the section titled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Industry.”
Seasonality
The cannabis industry has certain industry holidays that in recent years have resulted in increased purchases by cannabis consumers. Such “holidays” include, but are not limited to 420, July 10th and the Wednesday before Thanksgiving (“Green Wednesday”). Likewise, our clients will typically increase spend heading into these events. We also typically invest in marketing spend around these holidays which can create some seasonality in our sales and market expenses from quarter to quarter. While seasonality has not had a significant impact on our results in the past, our clients may experience seasonality in their businesses which in turn can impact the revenue generated from them. Our business may become more seasonal in the future and historical patterns in our business may not be a reliable indicator of future performance.
People Operations and Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, we had 440 full-time employees and 17 temporary employees, including 171 in engineering, product and design, 191 in sales and marketing and 95 in general and administrative. Of these employees, 450 are located in the United States and 7 are located in Canada.
We believe that being able to attract and retain top talent is both a strategic advantage for us and necessary to realize our mission of powering a transparent and inclusive global cannabis economy. Our position as a leading technology provider to the cannabis industry helps us attract high caliber candidates who are technically skilled and passionate about our mission and products. We devote substantial resources to this task. Our dedicated, best-in-class Talent Acquisition team is focused on finding and attracting diverse and capable talent, and our People & Workplace team is focused on making us a world class employer of choice for that talent once they get here. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by collective bargaining agreements and we have not experienced any work stoppages.
Government Regulation
Numerous countries and territories have moved in recent years to regulate and tax cannabis, particularly medical cannabis. Most of these jurisdictions present complex regulatory regimes that require licensed operators to comply with substantial reporting, testing, packaging, distribution and security requirements.
United States and Territories
Notwithstanding the trend toward further state legalization, the U.S. government continues to categorize cannabis as a prohibited controlled substance, and accordingly the cultivation, processing, distribution, sale, advertisement of sale and possession by our customers violate federal law, as discussed further in the sections titled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Industry.”
On January 4, 2018, then U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a memorandum for all U.S. Attorneys (the “Sessions Memo”) rescinding certain past Department of Justice (“DOJ”) memoranda on cannabis law enforcement, including the Memorandum by former Deputy Attorney General James Michael Cole (the “Cole Memo”) issued on August 29, 2013, under the Obama administration. Describing the criminal enforcement of federal cannabis prohibitions against those complying with state cannabis regulatory systems as an inefficient use of federal investigative and prosecutorial resources, the Cole Memo gave federal prosecutors discretion not to prosecute state law compliant cannabis companies in states that were regulating cannabis, unless one or more of eight federal priorities were implicated, including use of cannabis by minors, violence, or the use of federal lands for cultivation. The Sessions Memo, which remains in effect, states that each U.S. Attorney’s Office should follow established principles that govern all federal prosecutions when deciding which cannabis activities to prosecute.
Since 2014, versions of the U.S. omnibus spending bill have included a provision prohibiting the DOJ, which includes the Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”), from using appropriated funds to prevent states from implementing their medical-use cannabis laws. Federal courts have held that the provision prohibits the DOJ from spending funds to prosecute individuals who engage in conduct permitted by state medical-use cannabis laws and who strictly comply with such laws.
Despite the Sessions Memo, the U.S. government has not prioritized the enforcement of those laws against cannabis companies complying with state law and their vendors, and has not since 2014. No reversal of that policy of prosecutorial discretion is
expected under a Trump administration given his prior administrations actions on cannabis and statements while campaigning, although prosecutions against state-legal entities cannot be ruled out entirely at this time. Prior to the current administration, President Biden signed into law the “Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act,” a bill aimed at easing restrictions on cannabis research -- bipartisan legislation which is the first standalone cannabis reform bill to pass both the House and Senate. Additionally, on October 6, 2022, President Biden issued a presidential proclamation pardoning federal convictions for simple marijuana possession offenses, encouraging state governors to do the same on the state level where permissible, and requesting that the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Attorney General initiate an administrative process to review cannabis’s Schedule I classification under the CSA. On August 29, 2023, HHS issued a letter to the DEA recommending that cannabis be reclassified as a Schedule III controlled substance under the CSA. Following that recommendation, DOJ issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (the “NPRM”) proposing to reschedule cannabis, and DEA issued a notice for a hearing which commenced in November 2023, but the hearing is currently stayed pending an administrative interlocutory appeal. It is unclear when the hearing will recommence, and whether the new administration will support rescheduling. If this move is confirmed, it would be a momentous change whose full implications are currently unknown. The DEA’s decision to reclassify cannabis would neither legalize nor likely eliminate current state cannabis program. If placed under Schedule III, cannabis will remain a controlled substance and state-legal programs will continue to operate outside of federally legal channels in their distribution of the substance particularly because no state operator holds a DEA registration to possess or distribute cannabis. One notable impact for our clients is that rescheduling cannabis to Schedule III would remove the various tax-related hindrances tied to IRS code section 280E, and cannabis-related businesses (whether involved in medical or adult-use cannabis) would finally be able to take advantage of all applicable deductions and credits on their business taxes that other businesses enjoy. However, some fear that if cannabis were successfully rescheduled the DEA or FDA may impose additional requirements or begin to target enforcement on state cannabis programs. In the unlikely event that the federal government were to reverse its long-standing hands-off approach to the state legal cannabis markets and start more broadly enforcing federal law regarding cannabis, we would likely be unable to execute our business plan, and our business and financial results would be adversely affected.
U.S. Attorney General, Pam Bondi has repeatedly declined to specify her stance on cannabis policy issues, responding to all related questions from senators that she will give “careful consideration after consulting with appropriate Department officials.” She also avoided specifying her stance on the federal enforcement of cannabis laws or how she would approach states where cannabis is legal. Therefore, key questions remain about how Attorney General Bondi would handle both the rescheduling process and federal enforcement priorities. Despite President Trump's recent support for cannabis rescheduling and ending arrests for personal use, Attorney General Bondi's past record as Florida Attorney General shows opposition to medical cannabis legalization, including defending a ban on smoking medical cannabis in 2018, which has raised concerns among advocates about her approach at the federal level. It is unclear whether the status quo of federal non-enforcement will continue for the foreseeable future; however, increased enforcement would be a marked departure from the prior ten years and inconsistent with President Trump’s purported views on cannabis.
Members of the U.S. Congress from both parties have introduced bills to end the federal cannabis prohibition, by de-scheduling cannabis completely and regulating it. In addition to broader reforms, this session has seen additional incremental reform bills that aim to increase research, cement medical cannabis patients’ rights, or facilitate state-legal cannabis. Since the recent election, however, there has also been proposed anti-cannabis legislation, for example, a bill aiming to ensure 280E continues to apply to state cannabis businesses even if cannabis is ultimately rescheduled to Schedule III. Nevertheless, while the timing of federal reform remains unknown, it is expected that federal policy on cannabis will continue becoming more, rather than less, permissive and legislative efforts to legalize cannabis banking at the national level may progress in 2025.
Some of our retail clients sell products with hemp-derived cannabinoids, including, tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”) and cannabidiol (“CBD”) products. In December 2018, the U.S. government removed hemp and extracts of hemp from the CSA schedules through the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, Pub. L. 115-334 (the “2018 Farm Bill”). Accordingly, the production, sale and possession of hemp or extracts of hemp, including certain THC and CBD products, no longer violate the CSA. The states have implemented a patchwork of different laws on hemp and its extracts. Additionally, the Food & Drug Administration (“FDA”) claims that the Food, Drugs & Cosmetics Act significantly limits the legality of certain hemp-derived THC and CBD products. In January 2023, FDA affirmed that the agency will not compromise-or create new standards-in evaluating or permitting cannabis or cannabinoid compounds and products, and particularly CBD, indicating that Congress must take action to end the stalemate between federal and state laws and the purgatory of FDA selective enforcement. Furthermore, industry stakeholders (including cannabis industry stakeholders) have urged Congress to reassess the legality of certain hemp THC products. While enforcement regarding hemp-derived products has generally been limited, changes in enforcement priorities or further federal regulations could negatively impact our clients that sell such products, which could adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition, brand and reputation; at the same time, lack of federal enforcement could negatively impact our cannabis clients that compete against such products, which could adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition, brand and reputation.
We have been neither a defendant in a criminal action nor the subject of a civil or regulatory enforcement proceeding, prosecuted by a U.S. governmental authority based on our provision of products and solutions to the cannabis industry.
Furthermore, we believe that Section 230 provides immunity from civil and state criminal liability to internet service provider intermediaries in the United States, such as us, for content provided on their platforms that they did not create or develop. We do not create or develop the information that appears on our clients’ listing pages and other advertising placements, although our moderation teams may take down a client’s information if it breaches our listing restrictions or admonish consumers who post reviews that violate our community terms of use (which, for example, prohibit profanity and racism). We do author and edit certain original content that appears in other sections of our website, such as WM News and WM Learn. All of these sections are general news and information, and none of these sections are advertisements for, or listing pages of, cannabis businesses. For additional information about Section 230, see the sections titled “Business-Overview” and “Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Industry.”
Our clients are subject to licensing and related requirements under applicable laws and regulations, and our own compliance policies, and some of our clients currently and in the future may not be in compliance with all such requirements. Currently, we require all cannabis retailers on Weedmaps to display a valid, unexpired state-issued license number on their listing. We have a dedicated Policy & Compliance Operations team that reviews license information, both on submission and on an ongoing basis, to ensure validity and accuracy. For certain Weedmaps products or services, we may request additional verification and documentation. Additionally, we require contractual representations and warranties from our clients that they are complying with state law. If, despite our policies to verify state-licensure, unlicensed or noncompliant businesses are able to access our products, it could subject us to legal or regulatory enforcement and negative publicity, which could adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition, brand and reputation.
Canada
Medical cannabis has been legal in Canada since 1999 through various regulatory regimes. On October 17, 2018, the Cannabis Act (Canada) came into force. The Cannabis Act governs both the medical and the regulated adult-use markets in Canada. Prior to October 17, 2018, legal access to and use of medical cannabis in Canada was regulated under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and the associated Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (“ACMPR”). Under the Cannabis Act, holders of licenses to cultivate and/or process cannabis are also permitted to supply cannabis under their existing licenses obtained pursuant to the ACMPR to the regulated adult-use market.
Rest of the World
Legalized cannabis is expanding in other parts of the world with countries adopting varying degrees of legalization or decriminalization. We do not yet regard these countries as viable marketplaces for our products, though we have ongoing tests of a small number of listings in several markets where listings are legally permissible.
Available Information
Our Internet address is www.weedmaps.com. Our investor relations website is located at https://ir.weedmaps.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and our Proxy Statements and any amendments to these reports, are available through our investor relations website, free of charge, after we file them with the SEC. We may from time to time provide important disclosures to investors by posting them in the investor relations section of our website, as allowed by SEC rules.
The SEC maintains an Internet website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our company that we file electronically with the SEC. The contents of our websites are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves risks. Before you make a decision to buy our securities, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth herein. If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially harm our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. As a result, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to our Business and Industry
As our costs increase, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve profitability in the future.
Our revenue remained relatively flat in 2024 when compared with 2023. Our revenue may decline due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, slowdowns in the pace of issuance of new licenses to cannabis retailers and brands, and the decline in the number of new major geographic markets in which the sale of cannabis is permitted and to which we have not already expanded. Accordingly, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to offset potential cost increases and our ability to achieve and sustain profitability may be impacted. Additionally, we expect our costs to increase in future periods as we expend substantial financial and other resources on, among other things:
•sales and marketing, including continued investment in our current marketing efforts and future marketing initiatives;
•hiring of additional employees, including in our product and engineering teams;
•expansion domestically and internationally in an effort to increase our consumer and client usage, client base and our sales to our clients;
•development of new products, and increased investment in the ongoing development of our existing products;
•integrating any acquired companies into our operations; and
•general administration, including continued compliance with various regulations applicable to public companies and cannabis industry businesses and other work arising from the growth and maturity of our company.
These expenditures may not result in additional revenue or the growth of our business. If we fail to continue to grow revenue or to sustain profitability, the market price of our securities could decline, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
If we fail to retain our existing clients and consumers or to acquire new clients and consumers in a cost-effective manner, our revenue may decrease and our business may be harmed.
We compete in a dynamic, innovative market, which we expect will continue to evolve rapidly. We believe that our success is dependent on our ability to continue identifying and anticipating the needs of our clients and consumers and growing our two-sided marketplace by retaining our existing clients and consumers and adding new clients and consumers. This two-sided marketplace has grown more slowly than anticipated, and may continue to grow more slowly than we expect or than it has grown in the past. For example, beginning on January 1, 2023, California instituted a cannabis excise tax of 15%, which is scheduled to increase to 19% in July 2025, of the gross receipts on any retail sale of cannabis or cannabis products, this tax, or similar efforts, has contributed to and may further have a material adverse effect on our clients’ business, operating results and financial condition, thereby limiting their ability to spend with us. As we have become larger through organic growth, the number of paying clients and monthly revenue per client have at times slowed or declined and may similarly slow or decline in the future, even if we continue to add clients and consumers on an absolute basis. Although we expect that our growth rates will continue to slow during certain periods as our business increases in size, if we fail to retain either our existing clients or consumers, the value of our two-sided marketplace will be diminished.
In addition, the costs associated with client and consumer retention are substantially lower than costs associated with the acquisition of new clients or consumers. We have incurred significant costs to attract clients and consumers to our platform and expect to incur significant additional costs to attract and retain clients and consumers for the foreseeable future. Because expenditures on our platform can represent a significant financial investment for our clients, our ability to retain clients depends in part on our ability to create and maintain high levels of client and consumer satisfaction, which we may not always be capable of providing, including for reasons outside of our control. Additionally, in order to retain our clients, we may be required to identify ways to help our clients convert consumers more effectively. Our clients generally do not have long-term obligations to purchase our products and solutions and generally may cancel their use of our products and solutions at any time without penalty. Thus, any decrease in client satisfaction or other change negatively affecting our ability to retain existing clients or consumers, even if such losses are offset by an increase in revenue resulting from the acquisition of new clients or consumers, could have rapid, concentrated and adverse effect on our business and operating results.
We may fail to offer the optimal pricing of our products and solutions.
We have limited experience in determining the optimal pricing of our products and solutions, and we have in the past changed and may in the future change our pricing model. We also have historically priced our add-on premium offerings in a bid-auction format. Our ability to continue growing depends on our ability to maintain and expand our client base. If our clients do not believe the incremental additional cost we are charging for Weedmaps for Business is justified by the additional components
included in our software bundles or that our add-on offerings do not generate proper return on investment, such clients may decline to continue using our services, and our revenue and other financial results may be adversely impacted.
If we fail to expand effectively into new markets, our revenue and business will be adversely affected.
While a key part of our business strategy is to add clients and consumers in our existing geographic markets, we also intend to expand our operations into new markets if and as cannabis continues to be legalized. Any such expansion places us in competitive markets with which we may be unfamiliar, requires us to invest significant time and resources, including to analyze the potential applicability of new and complicated regulations regarding the usage, sale and marketing of cannabis in such markets, and involves various risks, including the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved for several years, if at all. As a result of new market expansions, we may incur losses or otherwise fail to enter new markets successfully. In attempting to establish a presence in new markets, we expect to incur significant expenses and face various other challenges, such as expanding our compliance efforts to cover those new markets. These efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenues sufficiently to offset these expenses. Our current and any future expansion plans will require significant resources and management attention.
Competition from the illicit cannabis market could impact our ability to succeed.
Our clients face competition from illegal market operators that are unlicensed and unregulated including illegal dispensaries and illicit market suppliers selling cannabis and cannabis-based products. Because these illegal market participants do not comply with the regulations governing the cannabis industry, their operations may have significantly lower costs. The perpetuation of the illegal market for cannabis may have a material adverse effect on our clients and our business, results of operations, as well as the perception of cannabis use. Furthermore, given the restrictions on regulated cannabis retail, it is possible that legal cannabis consumers revert to the illicit market as a matter of convenience. In particular, we rely on licensed cannabis businesses to drive the growth of our revenue and the use of our products, and the failure of the licensed cannabis markets to sufficiently overtake or eliminate the illegal market may have an adverse effect on our ability to grow our revenue, particularly if the slow pace of licensing allows the illegal market to gain a foothold, which may be more likely to occur in jurisdictions with an extended period of time between the authorization of consumer possession and the time at which licensed retailers become operational. In such jurisdictions, the timeline for licensed cannabis businesses overtaking the illegal market may be extended.
Our business is concentrated in California, and, as a result, our performance may be affected by factors unique to the California market.
California represents one of the largest state legal cannabis markets in the United States, and approximately 53% and 52% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were generated in California. As new markets develop and our current markets expand, we anticipate that there will be a further reduction in the percentage of our revenue generated in California, but we do not know with any certainty when and to what degree, if ever, this would occur. Moreover, the cannabis market in California is rapidly evolving, and we expect our growth in California to continue as the cannabis industry continues to develop, which could further concentrate our client base. For example, beginning on January 1, 2023, California instituted a cannabis excise tax of 15%, which is scheduled to increase to 19% in July 2025, of the gross receipts on any retail sale of cannabis or cannabis products, this tax, or similar efforts, has contributed to and may further have a material adverse effect on our clients’ business, operating results and financial condition, thereby limiting their ability to spend with us. As a result, our business and results of operations are particularly susceptible to, and may be disproportionately impacted by, trends in the California cannabis market, as well as adverse economic, regulatory, political and other conditions in California.
Litigation or legal proceedings could expose us to significant liabilities and have a negative impact on our reputation or business.
From time to time, we may be party to various claims and legal proceedings. For example, in August 2022, our board of directors determined to voluntarily report an internal complaint and subsequent internal investigation to the SEC. Since that date, we have responded to subpoenas from the SEC’s Division of Enforcement and on July 22, 2024, we reached an agreement in principle with the SEC staff to resolve the SEC staff’s investigation with respect to us. The settlement was approved by the SEC, and the administrative cease-and-desist order was entered in September 2024. In addition, on October 17, 2024, a putative shareholder class action complaint, captioned Seret Ishak v. WM Technology, Inc. et al., Case No. 2:24-cv-08959, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, naming us and certain former and current officers and/or directors of the Company and Silver Spike as defendants. The lawsuit alleges that we made material misrepresentations and/or omissions of material fact relating to historical public reporting of our monthly active users (“MAUs”) metric. In addition, on November 8, 2024, a shareholder derivative action, captioned DeGennaro v. Francis, et. al, Case No. 8:24-cv-02454, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against certain members of our board of directors and certain former and current officers. The derivative complaint alleges that the individual defendants authorized or permitted materially false statements and/or material omissions of fact relating to historical public reporting of MAUs.
Further, on November 18, 2024, a shareholder derivative action, captioned Pearson v. Francis, et. al, Case No. 8:24-cv-02525, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against certain former and current members of our board of directors and certain former and current officers. The derivative complaint alleges, among other things, that the individual defendants authorized or permitted materially false statements and/or material omissions of fact relating to historical public reporting of MAUs and corporate governance matters. On December 10, 2024, the U.S. District Court of the Central District of California issued an order consolidating the DeGennaro and Pearson shareholder derivative actions.
Regardless of the outcome, such proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, penalties and other sanctions, diversion of management resources, negative publicity and reputational harm and other factors.
Even when not merited, the defense of any lawsuits or legal proceedings, including potential securities litigation, is expensive and may divert management’s attention, and we may incur significant expenses in defending any lawsuits or legal proceedings. The results of litigation and other legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse judgments or settlements in some of these legal disputes may result in adverse monetary damages, penalties or injunctive relief against us, which could negatively impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations. We evaluate all claims and proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if probable and estimable, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, we may establish reserves, as appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. Actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from our assessments and estimates.
Furthermore, while we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions as well as caps on amounts recoverable. Even if we believe a claim is covered by insurance, insurers may dispute our entitlement to recovery for a variety of potential reasons, which may affect the timing and, if the insurers prevail, the amount of our recovery. In addition, any claims or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could damage our reputation and make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future.
Federal law enforcement may deem our clients to be in violation of U.S. federal law, and, in particular the Controlled Substances Act (“CSA”). A change in U.S. federal policy on cannabis enforcement and strict enforcement of federal cannabis laws against our clients would undermine our business model and materially affect our business and operations.
U.S. federal law, and more specifically the CSA, proscribes the cultivation, processing, distribution, sale, advertisement and possession of cannabis. As a result, U.S. federal law enforcement authorities, in their attempt to regulate the illegal or unauthorized production, distribution, promotion, sale, possession, or use of cannabis, may seek to bring criminal actions against our clients under the CSA. On August 4, 2021, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of California withdrew a subpoena served on us in September 2019, and informed us that it had no present plan to exercise its discretion to proceed further in the matter. The U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of California also stated that its decision was not a grant of immunity, however, and there can be no assurance that the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of California - either the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of California or another Department of Justice (“DOJ”) entity - will not initiate another investigation in the future. If our clients are found to be violating U.S. federal law relating to cannabis, they may be subject not only to criminal charges and convictions, but also to forfeiture of property, significant fines and penalties, disgorgement of profits, administrative sanctions, cessation of business activities, or civil liabilities arising from proceedings initiated by either the U.S. government or private citizens. Any of these actions or consequences on our clients could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition, or could force us to cease operations, and as a result, our investors could lose their entire investment.
Further, to the extent any law enforcement actions require us to respond to subpoenas, or undergo search warrants, for client records, cannabis businesses could elect to cease using our products. Until the U.S. federal government changes the laws with respect to cannabis, and particularly if the U.S. Congress does not extend the Omnibus Spending Bill’s protection of state medical cannabis programs, described below, to apply to all state cannabis programs, U.S. federal authorities could more strictly enforce current federal prohibitions and restrictions. An increase in federal enforcement against companies licensed under state cannabis laws could negatively impact the state cannabis industries and, in turn, our business, operating results, financial condition, brand and reputation.
Some of our clients or their listings currently and in the future may not be in compliance with licensing and related requirements under applicable laws and regulations. Allowing unlicensed or noncompliant businesses to access our products, or allowing businesses to use our solutions in a noncompliant manner, may subject us to legal or regulatory enforcement and negative publicity, which could adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition, brand
and reputation. In addition, allowing businesses that engage in false or deceptive advertising practices to use our solutions may subject us to negative publicity, which could have similar adverse impacts on us.
Our clients are contractually required to represent, warrant and covenant to us that they conduct their business in compliance with applicable state law, which includes any applicable licensing requirements and the regulatory framework enacted by each state or province in which they do business. Clients further contractually agree to indemnify us for any damages we may suffer as a result of their noncompliance. We rely on our clients’ contractual representations, and generally do not verify them, other than with respect to the licensing information of our clients operating cannabis retail businesses, where we currently require such clients to provide evidence of a valid state or provincial cannabis license prior to their initial access and from time to time during the term of their use of such products. We require all operational cannabis retailer clients, including storefronts and delivery services, to display on their listing a valid, unexpired state-issued license number. We also currently require cannabis brand clients to provide evidence of a valid state or provincial license in order to get access to our listings and premium placement products. Additionally, many states do not require a license to sell hemp products at retail, and the illicit market could fraudulently attempt to use our hemp product listings to sell products containing more than the allowable amount of THC under federal or state laws. While we periodically audit and respond to reports related to our hemp product listings, it is difficult to monitor the individual products listed, and marketing claims contained, in the listings of our hemp clients. As a result, some of our clients or their listings currently and in the future may not be in compliance with licensing and related requirements under applicable state or provincial laws and regulations. There could be legal enforcement actions against unlicensed or insufficiently licensed entities selling cannabis or hemp, which could negatively impact us.
Any legal or regulatory enforcement against us based on the business solutions that we offer, the third-party content available on our platform or noncompliance by our clients with licensing and other legal requirements, could subject us to various risks, including monetary penalties and the risk that we elect or are compelled to remove content from our platform and would likely cause us to experience negative publicity. Any of these developments could materially and adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition, brand and reputation.
We generally do not, and cannot, ensure that our clients will conduct their business activities in a manner compliant with such regulations and requirements, despite providing features to help support our clients’ compliance with the complex, disparate and constantly evolving regulations and other legal requirements applicable to the cannabis industry. As a result, federal, state, provincial or local government authorities may seek to bring criminal, administrative or regulatory enforcement actions against our clients, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial conditions, or could force us to cease operations.
We generally do not, and cannot, ensure that our clients will conduct their business activities in a manner compliant with certain regulations and other legal requirements applicable to the cannabis industry, in whole or in part, even if our solutions provide features to support our clients’ compliance with such regulations and requirements. Their legal noncompliance could result in regulatory and even criminal actions against them, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results or financial condition. For additional information, see the other risk factors in this section titled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Industry,” including “Some of our clients or their listings currently and in the future may not be in compliance with licensing and related requirements under applicable laws and regulations. Allowing unlicensed or noncompliant businesses to access our products, or allowing businesses to use our solutions in a noncompliant manner, may subject us to legal or regulatory enforcement and negative publicity, which could adversely impact our business, operating results, financial condition, brand and reputation. In addition, allowing businesses who engage in false or deceptive advertising practices to use our solutions may subject us to negative publicity, which could have similar adverse impacts on us.”
Our business is dependent on U.S. state laws and regulations.
Although cannabis is a restricted controlled substance under the federal CSA, U.S. states have legalized cannabis to varying degrees through state-specific regulatory frameworks.
Laws and regulations affecting the cannabis industry in states and territories of the United States are continually changing. Any change or even the speed of changes could require us to incur substantial costs associated with compliance or alter our business plan, and could detrimentally affect our operations, revenue and profitability. Similarly, if the pace of issuance of new cannabis licenses is slower than expected, our ability to acquire new clients and grow our revenue could be harmed. The commercial cannabis industry is still a young industry, and we cannot predict the impact of the compliance regime to which it may be subject. We will incur ongoing costs and obligations related to regulatory compliance, and such costs may prove to be material. Failure to comply with regulations may result in additional costs for corrective measures, penalties or restrictions on our operations. In addition, changes in regulations, more vigorous enforcement thereof, or other unanticipated events could require extensive changes to our operations or increased compliance costs or give rise to material liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Given the concentration of our revenue from the sale of listing products, any increase in the stringency of any applicable laws, including U.S. state, or Canadian federal laws and regulations relating to cannabis, or any escalation in the enforcement of such existing laws and regulations against the current or putative cannabis industry within any jurisdiction, could negatively impact the profitability or viability of cannabis businesses in such affected jurisdictions, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business and operating results.
In addition, although we have not yet been required to obtain any cannabis license as a result of existing cannabis regulations, it is possible that cannabis regulations may be enacted in the future that will require us to obtain such a cannabis license or otherwise seek to substantially regulate our business. Additionally, in some jurisdictions we may be required to seek and obtain a blanket approval of our platform in order to enable potential clients to access our services, and such approval may be subject to significant regulatory discretion. U.S. state, or Canadian federal and other non-U.S. jurisdictions’ cannabis laws and regulations are broad in scope and subject to evolving interpretations, which could require us to incur substantial costs associated with compliance or alter our business plan. Our failure to adequately manage the risk associated with future regulations and adequately manage future compliance requirements may adversely affect our business, our status as a reporting company and our public listing. Further, any adverse pronouncements from political leaders or regulators about businesses related to the legal cannabis industry could adversely affect the price of our securities.
The rapid changes in the cannabis industry and applicable laws and regulations make predicting and evaluating our future prospects difficult, and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.
The cannabis industry, and the complex regulatory regime applicable to it, is evolving rapidly and may develop in ways that we cannot anticipate. The pace of dramatic change in the cannabis industry makes it difficult to assess our future prospects, and you should evaluate our business in light of the risks and difficulties we may encounter as the industry continues to evolve. These risks and difficulties include:
•managing complex, disparate and rapidly evolving regulatory regimes imposed by U.S. federal, state and local and other non-U.S. governments around the world applicable to cannabis and cannabis-related businesses;
•adapting to rapidly evolving trends in the cannabis industry and the way consumers and cannabis industry businesses interact with technology;
•maintaining and increasing our base of clients and consumers;
•continuing to preserve and build our brand while upgrading our existing offerings;
•successfully attracting, hiring and retaining qualified personnel to manage operations;
•adapting to changes in the cannabis industry if sales of cannabis expand significantly beyond a regulated model;
•commodification of the cannabis industry;
•competition from the hemp industry;
•successfully implementing and executing our business and marketing strategies; and
•successfully expanding our business into new and existing cannabis markets.
If the demand for our platform and software solutions does not develop as we expect, or if we fail to address the needs of our clients or consumers, our business will be harmed. We may not be able to successfully address these risks and difficulties, which could harm our business and operating results.
Because our business is dependent, in part, upon continued market acceptance of cannabis by consumers, any negative trends could adversely affect our business operations.
We are dependent on public support, continued market acceptance and the proliferation of consumers in the legalized cannabis markets in states and territories of the United States. While we believe that the market and opportunities in the space will continue to grow, we cannot predict the future growth rate or size of the market. Any downturns in, or negative outlooks on, the cannabis industry may adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Expansion of our business is dependent on the continued legalization of cannabis.
Expansion of our business is in part dependent upon continued legislative authorization, including by voter initiatives and referendums, of cannabis in various jurisdictions worldwide. Any number of factors could slow, halt, or even reverse progress in this area. For example, in 2023, ballot measures to allow for adult use succeeded in Ohio, but failed in Oklahoma, and in 2024 ballot measures to allow for medical use succeeded in Nebraska, but ballot measures for adult use failed in Florida, North Dakota and South Dakota. In addition, implementation of state laws is often a multi-year process following a ballot initiative or legislation. Further, progress for the industry, while encouraging, is not assured. While there may be ample public support for legislative action in a particular jurisdiction, numerous factors could impact the legislative process, including lobbying efforts by opposing stakeholders as well as legislators’ disagreements about how to legalize cannabis as well as the interpretation,
implementation, and enforcement of applicable laws or regulations. Any one of these factors could slow or halt the legalization of cannabis, which would negatively impact our ability to expand our business.
Additionally, the expansion of our business also depends on jurisdictions in which cannabis is currently legalized not narrowing, limiting or repealing existing laws legalizing and regulating cannabis, or altering the regulatory landscape in a way that diminishes the viability of cannabis businesses in those jurisdictions. For example, in April 2019, a lawsuit was filed in the Fresno County Superior Court challenging the California Bureau of Cannabis Control regulation that allowed cannabis businesses to deliver products in local jurisdictions which had prohibited the sale of cannabis. In November 2020, in a mixed result, the Fresno County Superior Court upheld the state regulation that allows licensed cannabis delivery companies to offer services anywhere in the state, while also affirming that cities and counties can forbid those operations, though enforcement of the bans is also up to the local governments. While a recent amendment (S.B. 1186), which became effective in January 2024, prevents local governments from banning the delivery of medical cannabis to patients, adult-use cannabis storefront retail and delivery operations may continue to be restricted by some cities and counties. The imposition or potential enforcement of local jurisdiction delivery bans may negatively impact the viability and attractiveness of our offerings in California going forward. We generated approximately 53% and 52% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 in California, and such developments may in turn have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. For more information, refer to “Risk Factors-Our business is concentrated in California, and, as a result, our performance may be affected by factors unique to the California market.” Additionally, if such challenges are successful in any other jurisdictions that have legalized or are in the process of legalizing cannabis, our ability to expand our business would be negatively impacted.
Our clients face challenges unique to the cannabis industry that can impact their financial health and long-term viability. If our clients struggle financially or do not remain viable, it can negatively impact our ability to generate new revenue, maintain existing revenue or collect on outstanding receivables.
Our paying clients face challenges including, among other factors, limited access to capital (relative to other industries) and the impact of Section 280E of the Code (which, as applied to certain cannabis businesses, disallows the deduction of “ordinary and necessary” business expenses, such as below-the-line deductions, essentially resulting in federal income tax liability calculated based on gross income), limiting cash flow and liquidity of many industry participants. Additionally, the cannabis industry faced price deflation in 2024 and 2023 further pressuring many of our paying clients. This resulted in financial hardship for certain cannabis companies, including some of our paying clients which caused elevated churn and bad debt expense in 2023 and 2022. If our clients struggle financially or do not remain viable, it can negatively impact our ability to generate new revenue, maintain existing revenue or collect on outstanding receivables. We have customers with past due balances and our failure to collect a significant portion of such balances could adversely affect our cash and provision for credit losses. See “Accounts Receivable, Net” of Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
If clients and consumers using our platform fail to provide high-quality content that attracts consumers, we may not be able to generate sufficient consumer traffic to remain competitive.
Our success depends on our platform providing consumers with useful information about our clients and their products, which in turn depends on the content provided by consumers and clients. For example, the platform will not provide useful information about cannabis brands or products if clients or consumers do not contribute content that is helpful and reliable, or if they remove previously submitted content.
Additionally, if we filter out helpful content or fail to filter out unhelpful content, clients and consumers alike may stop or reduce their use of our platform and products, which could negatively impact our business. Allegations made against us, whether or not accurate, can materially harm our reputation and operating results. While we are continually seeking to improve our ability to identify and remove offensive, biased, unreliable, inauthentic, duplicative, fraudulent or otherwise unhelpful content, and have implemented safeguards on the platform to facilitate those efforts, we cannot guarantee that those efforts or safeguards will be effective or adequate. If our website is not perceived as providing useful, accurate and current information about our clients and their products, consumers may stop or reduce their use of our platform, which could suppress the demand for our advertising placements and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our business is highly dependent upon our brand recognition and reputation, and the erosion or degradation of our brand recognition or reputation would likely adversely affect our business and operating results.
We believe that our business is highly dependent on our brand identity and our reputation, which is critical to our ability to attract and retain clients and consumers. We also believe that the importance of our brand recognition and reputation will continue to increase as competition in the markets in which we operate continues to develop. Our success in this area will depend on a wide range of factors, some of which are within our control and some of which are not. The factors affecting our brand recognition and reputation that are within our control include the following:
•the efficacy of our marketing efforts;
•our ability to maintain a high-quality, innovative and error- and bug-free platform;
•our ability to maintain high satisfaction among clients and consumers;
•the quality and perceived value of our platform;
•successfully implementing and developing new features, including alternative revenue streams;
•our ability to obtain, maintain and enforce trademarks and other indicia of origin that are valuable to our brand;
•our ability to successfully differentiate our platform from competitors’ products;
•our compliance with laws and regulations, including those applicable to any political action committees affiliated with us and to our registered lobbying activities;
•our ability to provide client support; and
•any actual or perceived data breach or data loss, or misuse or perceived misuse of our platform.
In addition, our brand recognition and reputation may be affected by factors that are outside our control, such as:
•actions of competitors or other third parties;
•the quality and timeliness of our clients’ delivery businesses;
•consumers’ experiences with clients or products identified through our platform;
•negative publicity regarding our company or operations, as well as with respect to events or activities attributed to us, our employees, partners, including celebrities who endorse or promote our brand, or others associated with any of these parties;
•interruptions, delays or attacks on our platform; and
•litigation or regulatory developments.
Damage to our reputation and loss of brand equity from one or more of the factors listed above may reduce demand for our platform and have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, any attempts to rebuild our reputation and restore the value of our brand may be costly and time-consuming, and such efforts may not ultimately be successful.
We currently face intense competition in the cannabis information market, and we expect competition to further intensify as the cannabis industry continues to evolve.
The cannabis information market is rapidly evolving and is currently characterized by intense competition, due in part to relatively low barriers to entry. We expect competition to further intensify in the future as cannabis continues to be legalized and regulated, new technologies are developed and new participants enter the cannabis information market. Our direct competitors for individual components or parts of our platform include cannabis-focused, marketplace like Leafly (for retailer listing pages) and cannabis-focused technology companies like Dutchie and Jane Technologies (for menu embed and orders functionality) and a variety of cannabis-focused marketing and advertising technology solutions. In addition, our platform also may compete with current or potential products and solutions offered by internet search engines and advertising networks, like Google, general two-sided networks like Yelp, various other newspaper, television, media companies, outdoor billboard advertising, and online merchant platforms, such as Shopify, Square and Lightspeed, or delivery companies like DoorDash. In January 2025, DoorDash announced an expanded offering to allow customers of legal age to purchase hemp-derived THC and CBD products from merchants on the DoorDash app. If the regulatory regime for cannabis becomes more settled and the legal market for cannabis becomes more accepted, competition may further intensify as new participants may be encouraged to enter the cannabis information market, including established companies, such as tobacco and alcohol companies. Such companies may have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources than us or existing market participants. Additionally, as consumers and cannabis industry clients demand richer data, integrations with other cannabis industry participants such as point-of-sale providers and loyalty service providers may become increasingly important. If we are unable to complete such new integrations as quickly as our competitors, or improve our existing integrations based on legacy systems, we may lose market share to such competitors. Our current and future competitors may also enjoy other competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, more varied or more focused offerings, better market acceptance and larger budgets.
Additionally, as the legalization of cannabis continues, cannabis cultivators, distributors and retailers have and likely will continue to experience consolidation as existing cannabis businesses seek to obtain greater market share and purchasing power and new entrants seek to establish a significant market presence. Consolidation of retailers in the cannabis industry could reduce the size of our potential client base and give remaining clients greater bargaining or purchasing power. This may in turn erode the prices for our advertising placements and result in decreased margins. Consolidation could particularly affect smaller cannabis businesses, with whom we have historically conducted the majority of our business. Further, heightened competition
between cannabis businesses could ultimately have a negative impact on the viability of individual market participants, which could reduce or eliminate their ability to purchase our products and solutions.
On May 16, 2024, President Biden announced that the U.S. Attorney General initiated proceedings to transfer cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, through an NPRM published on May 21, 2024. If cannabis is ultimately rescheduled to schedule III, this decision is expected to have far reaching implications that are not yet fully understood. For example, rescheduling may increase competitors in this space if non-cannabis technology companies who have previously avoided the space now decide to enter the market.
If we are unable to compete effectively for any of these reasons, we may be unable to maintain our operations or develop our products and solutions, and as a result our business and operating results may be adversely affected.
If we fail to manage our employee operations and organization effectively, our brand, business and operating results could be harmed.
We have experienced rapid organic growth in our headcount and operations, which placed substantial demands on management and our operational infrastructure. As a result of both macroeconomic and industry challenges, as well as misalignment between our organizational growth and business growth, we completed a substantial reduction in force in 2022 and experienced significant executive departures since 2022. As a result of these changes, many of our current employees have been with us for less than 24 months. To execute on our growth strategy, we will need to continue to increase the productivity of our current employees as well as hire, train and manage new employees, as well as improve existing, and implement new, transaction processing, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls. We intend to continue making substantial investments in our technology, sales and data infrastructure. As our business matures, we may make periodic changes and adjustments to our organization in response to various internal and external considerations, including market opportunities, the competitive landscape, new and enhanced products, acquisitions, sales performance, availability of employee talent and costs, while maintaining the beneficial aspects of our existing corporate culture, which we believe fosters innovation, teamwork and a passion for our products and clients. In some instances, these changes have resulted in a temporary lack of focus and reduced productivity, which may occur again in connection with any future changes to our organization and may negatively affect our results of operations. If we are unable to adapt quickly and effectively to changes or adjustments to our organization, our business will be harmed. If we are unable to manage our employee operations and organization effectively, the quality of our platform, efficiency of our operations, and management of our expenses could suffer, which could negatively impact our brand, business, profitability and operating results.
If we are unable to recruit, train, retain and motivate key personnel, we may not achieve our business objectives.
Our future success depends on our continued ability to recruit, train, retain and motivate key personnel, including Douglas Francis, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman; Brian Camire, our General Counsel and Sarah Griffis, our Chief Technology Officer.
Competition for qualified personnel in the technology industry is intense, particularly in Southern California, where we are headquartered, and Austin, Texas, where we have a growing office. Additionally, we face additional challenges in attracting, retaining and motivating highly qualified personnel due to our relationship to the cannabis industry, which is rapidly evolving and has varying levels of social acceptance. The loss of the services of a significant portion of our workforce or any member of our senior management or the inability to hire or retain qualified personnel could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and harm our operating results. We generally do not maintain fixed term employment contracts or key man life insurance with any of our employees.
In addition, our Chief Financial Officer, Susan Echard, is a consultant and not a full time employee. Ms. Echard is a partner at SeatonHill Partners, LP a CFO services firm. Ms. Echard served as our interim Chief Financial Officer from February 2024 through November 2024, which, as noted in our Notification of Late Filing on Form 12b-25 with the SEC, had an impact on our ability to complete our financial statements. If Ms. Echard departs, and we are unable to recruit and retain a qualified replacement in a timely manner it could result in management, operating and financial reporting difficulties, which could have an adverse effect on our business.
We rely on search engine placement, syndicated content, paid digital advertising and social media marketing to attract a meaningful portion of our clients and consumers. If we are not able to generate traffic to our website through search engines and paid digital advertising, or increase the profile of our company brand through social media engagement, our ability to attract new clients may be impaired.
Many consumers locate our website through internet search engines, like Google, and paid digital advertisements in certain jurisdictions. The prominence of our website in response to internet searches is a critical factor in the attractiveness of our advertising placements, and our digital marketing efforts, such as search engine optimization, are intended to improve our search result rankings and draw additional traffic to our website. Visits to our website could decline significantly if we are listed
less prominently or fail to appear in search results for any reason, including ineffective implementation of our digital marketing strategies or any change by a search engine to its ranking algorithms or advertising policies.
Visits to our website could also decline if our social media accounts, such as those on Facebook, Instagram, X formerly known as Twitter or LinkedIn are shut down or restricted. We work across these social networks to increase brand awareness of our company by consumers and clients, and to promote client acquisition. Our engagement on these social media platforms is subject to their respective terms of service and community guidelines, which generally restrict the promotion, sale and, often, depiction of cannabis. While we do not directly promote the sale of cannabis or cannabis-related products by our clients on these social media platforms, the perception that we may be engaging in such promotion or our inadvertent violation of other aspects of these platforms’ terms of service or community guidelines may result in our accounts being shut down or restricted. For example, our Instagram account was suspended for short periods in each of September 2024, October 2024, and has been suspended since November 2024. Once our account is restated, it may, and our other accounts might also, be suspended or restricted due to changes in the rules and regulations of such social media platforms. Any such suspension or restriction could result in reduced traffic to our website and diminished demand for our products, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
If our current marketing model is not effective in attracting new clients, we may need to employ higher-cost sales and marketing methods to attract and retain clients, which could adversely affect our profitability.
We use our sales team to build relationships with our client base. Our sales team builds and maintains relationships with clients primarily through phone and email contact, which is designed to allow us to cost-effectively service a large number of clients. We have significantly invested in our enterprise and field sales teams, and we may need to further employ more resource-intensive sales methods to continue to attract and retain clients, particularly as we increase the number of our clients and our client base employs more sophisticated marketing operations, strategies and processes. This could cause us to incur higher sales and marketing expenses, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
If the Apple App Store or Google Play limit the functionality or availability of our mobile application platform, including as a result of changes or violations of terms and conditions, access to and utilization of our platform may suffer.
Our platform is available for download on iOS and Android and is also accessible online. The availability of our platform and its various functionalities to a significant percentage of our clients is subject to standard policies and terms of service of these third-party platforms, which govern the promotion, distribution and operation generally of our platform. In addition, each platform provider has broad discretion to change and interpret its terms of service and other policies with respect to our platform and its functionalities, and those changes and interpretations may be unfavorable. A platform provider may also change its fee structure, add fees associated with access to and use of its platform, or restrict how users can access the platform, which would similarly be unfavorable.
For example, we have at times been unable to offer our WM Orders functionality in our iOS Weedmaps mobile application and are currently unable to offer such functionality in our Android Weedmaps mobile application due to restrictions imposed by the Apple App Store and Google Play, respectively. While our platform is still available in the Apple App Store and on Google Play for download, there can be no assurance that our platform or all of its functionalities will remain available in the immediate or longer term. To the extent that we are limited or prohibited from making some or all of our solutions available through any third-party platform, including the Apple App Store or the Google Play, we may need, or choose, to provide our solutions through alternative venues that may be more difficult for potential users to access. Limits on, or discontinuation of, access to our mobile platform or its various functionalities could, in turn, have a material adverse impact on utilization of our platform, our business and our ability to attract clients and consumers.
We may be unable to scale and adapt our existing technology and network infrastructure in a timely or effective manner to ensure that our platform is accessible, which would harm our reputation, business and operating results.
It is critical to our success that clients and consumers within our geographic markets be able to access our platform at all times. We have previously experienced service disruptions, and in the future, we may experience service disruptions, outages or other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, capacity constraints and distributed denial of service, or DDoS, fraud or other security incidents. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve the availability of our platform, especially during peak usage times and as our products become more complex and our traffic increases. If our platform is wholly or partially unavailable when consumers attempt to access it or it does not load as quickly as they expect, consumers may seek other solutions and may not return to our platform as often in the future, or at all. This would harm our ability to attract clients and decrease the frequency with which they subscribe for our advertising placements. We have and expect to continue to make significant investments to maintain and improve the availability of our platform and to enable rapid releases of new features and products. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, respond adequately to service disruptions, upgrade our systems as needed or continually develop
our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology, our business and operating results would be harmed.
We have and expect to continue making significant investments in the functionality, performance, reliability, design, security and scalability of our platform. We have in the past and may in the future experience difficulties with the development of our platform that could delay or prevent the implementation of new solutions and enhancements. Software development involves a significant amount of time and resources for our product development team, and we may not be able to continue making those investments in the future. To the extent we are not able to continue successfully improving and enhancing our platform, our business could be adversely affected.
Our payment system and the payment systems of our clients depend on third-party providers and are subject to evolving laws and regulations.
We have engaged third-party service providers to perform credit and debit card processing services for client’s payments to us, and we understand that some of our clients use those services. We also have and may continue to engage third-party service providers in the future to provide fraud analysis services and we may integrate with third-party service providers used by our clients to process payments made by consumers if done in a manner compliant with applicable federal and local law. If these service providers do not perform adequately or if our relationships, or the relationships of our clients, with these current or future service providers were to terminate, our ability or the ability of our clients to process payments could be adversely affected and our business could be harmed. The laws and regulations related to payments are complex and are potentially impacted by tensions between federal and state treatment of the vaporization, tobacco, nicotine, cannabis, hemp and cannabis accessories industries. These laws and regulations also vary across different jurisdictions in the United States, Canada and globally. As a result, we are required to spend significant time and effort to comply with those laws and regulations. Any failure or claim of our failure to comply, or any failure by our third-party service providers to comply, could cost us substantial resources, could result in liabilities, or could force us to stop offering our clients the ability to pay with credit cards, debit cards and bank transfers. As we expand the availability of these payment methods or offer new payment methods to our clients in the future, we may become subject to additional regulations and compliance requirements.
Due to the constantly evolving and complex laws and regulations applicable to our industry, third-party merchant banks and third-party payment processors may consider our business a high risk. This could cause a third party to discontinue its services to us, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement. If this were to occur, we would need to collect from our clients using less efficient methods, which could adversely impact our collections, revenues and financial performance. Additionally, if a third party were to discontinue its services to us or if the applicable laws and regulations were to evolve in a way that impacted us negatively, we may not be able to realize our plans of expanding our business offerings, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and our plans for expansion. For more information, refer to “Risk Factors-We are subject to industry standards, governmental laws and regulations, policies and other obligations governing privacy, data protection and information security and any actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business” below.
Further, through our agreement with our third-party credit card processors, we are subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including restrictions on product mix and the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI-DSS”). We are also subject to rules governing electronic funds transfers. Any change in these rules and requirements could make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. Additionally, any data breach or failure to hold certain information in accordance with PCI-DSS may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We track certain performance metrics with internal tools and do not independently verify such metrics. Certain of our performance metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.
We calculate and track performance metrics with internal tools, which are not independently verified by any third-party. While we believe our metrics are reasonable estimates of our user or client base for the applicable period of measurement, the methodologies used to measure these metrics and how we define such metrics require significant judgment and may be susceptible to algorithm or other technical errors. For example, user accounts are based on email addresses, and a user could use multiple email addresses to establish multiple accounts, and clients in many instances will have multiple accounts. Additionally, a user could also use technology (such as incognito browsing, blocking or deleting cookies and IP addresses or other similar methods) that may decrease our ability to obtain useful information with respect to the number of and behavior of users, and as a result, we may include users who are not actively engaging with our platform in the manner in which we assume, and/or we may count as unique users multiple visits by the same underlying user. As a result, the data we report may not be accurate, and we believe unique user statistics could include a significant number of repeat underlying users. Our internal tools and processes we use to identify multiple accounts or fraudulent accounts have a number of limitations, and our methodologies for tracking performance metrics may change over time, which could result in unexpected changes to our metrics, including historical metrics. Our ability to recalculate our historical metrics may be impacted by data limitations or other factors that require us to
apply different methodologies for such adjustments and we generally do not intend to update previously disclosed metrics for any such changes. Though we regularly review our processes for calculating metrics and may adjust our processes for calculating metrics to improve their accuracy, limitations or errors with respect to how we measure data (or the data that we measure) may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could affect our longer term strategies. For example, we determined to discontinue reporting monthly active users as a key operational metric as a result of our reevaluation of the value of this metric to investors in light of its significant quarterly fluctuations that we do not believe necessarily reflect the underlying and most important trends in our business. If our performance metrics, including any key metrics we disclose in the future, are not accurate measurements of our business, user or client base, or traffic levels; if we discover material inaccuracies in such metrics, we may not be able to effectively implement our business strategy, our reputation may be harmed, and our operating and financial results could be adversely affected.
Our clients, analysts and investors may rely on our metrics, including additional metrics we may disclose in the future, as a representation of our performance. If these third parties do not perceive such metrics to be accurate representations of our business, or if we discover material inaccuracies in our user metrics, our reputation may be harmed and retailers may be less willing to list a business on our platform, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Our ability to successfully drive engagement on our platform, as well as changes to our user engagement and advertising strategy and practices, pose risks to our business.
Our clients use our products and services as they believe the value received from paying for our products and services justifies the cost of those services. We believe the overall level of engagement of our users with our clients is critical to our success and our long-term financial performance. As we evolve our user engagement and advertising strategy and practices, we may not be successful in improving user engagement in a cost-efficient manner, or at all. Certain operating decisions, including our substantially decreased usage of pop-under advertisements, may significantly decrease our user engagement and/or traffic, increase the cost of generating user engagement and/or traffic or decrease our overall success rate in promoting engagement on our platform. Declining user growth, engagement or traffic could make us less attractive to our clients, which may seriously harm our business. In addition, we continue to compete with other companies to attract and retain consumer attention. A number of factors have affected and could potentially negatively affect our reported user engagement and/or traffic and our overall user engagement with our clients, including if:
•we do not provide a compelling consumer experience to entice consumers to use our products and services, or our consumers don’t have the ability to maximize the consumer experience;
•we are unable to convince consumers and clients of the value and usefulness of our platform and services;
•we are unable to find cost-effective marketing channels or other strategies to drive traffic to our website, including replacing any pop-under advertisements that we have decreased our usage of or discontinued;
•our products fail to operate effectively on the iOS or Android mobile operating systems;
•we are unable to continue to develop products that work with a variety of mobile operating systems, networks and smartphones;
•we do not provide a compelling consumer experience because of the decisions we make regarding the type and frequency of advertisements that we display or the structure and design of our products;
•consumers engage more with competing platforms or products at the expense of ours or those of our clients;
•if the manner in which we promote engagement or traffic is seen by consumers or clients as unappealing or harm our brand image or reputation;
•there are concerns about the privacy implications, safety, or security of our products;
•our products are subject to increased regulatory scrutiny or approvals, or there are changes in our products that are mandated or prompted by legislation, regulatory authorities, executive actions, or litigation, including settlements or consent decrees, that adversely affect the consumer experience;
•technical or other problems frustrate the consumer experience, including by providers that host our platforms, particularly if those problems prevent us from delivering our product experience in a fast and reliable manner;
•we, our partners, or other companies in our industry segment are the subject of adverse media reports or other negative publicity, some of which may be inaccurate or include confidential information that we are unable to correct or retract; or
•our current or future products reduce consumer activity on our website or our applications by making it easier for our consumers to interact directly with our clients.
Any decrease to consumer retention, growth, or engagement could render our products less attractive to consumers, advertisers, or partners, and could seriously harm our business.
We may be unable to prevent others from aggregating or misappropriating data from our websites.
From time to time, third parties have misappropriated data from our website through website scraping, software robots or other means, and aggregated this data on their websites with data from other companies. Additionally, copycat websites have misappropriated data on our network and attempted to imitate our brand or the functionality of our website. We may be unable to detect all such websites and activity in a timely manner and even timely technological and legal measures may be insufficient to halt their operations or protect us against the impact of the operation of such websites. Regardless of whether we can successfully enforce our rights against the operators of these websites, any measures that we may take could require us to expend significant financial or other resources, which could harm our business, operating results or financial condition. In addition, to the extent that such activity creates confusion among clients or consumers, decreases the likelihood that consumers use our platform to access information, or reduces the distinctiveness of our products in the marketplace, our brand and business could be harmed.
If our information technology systems or those third parties with whom we work, or our data, are or were compromised, we could experience adverse consequences resulting from such compromise, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; and other adverse consequences.
In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, receive, store, generate, use, protect, secure, dispose of, transmit, disclose, or otherwise make accessible (collectively “process”) proprietary, confidential, and sensitive data, including personal data, intellectual property, and trade secrets. We rely upon third parties (such as service providers) for certain data processing-related activities, such as data centers, cloud hosting platforms, marketing communications, and application providers. For example, we rely on data centers and other technologies and services provided by third parties in order to host our cloud-based infrastructure that operates our business. If any of these services becomes unavailable or otherwise is unable to serve our requirements due to extended outages, interruptions, or facility closure, or because it is no longer available on commercially reasonable terms, our expenses could increase, our ability to manage finances could be interrupted and our operations otherwise could be disrupted or otherwise impacted until appropriate substitute services, if available, are identified, obtained and implemented. Additionally, we rely on a number of third-party “cloud-based” providers of corporate infrastructure services relating to, among other things, human resources, electronic communication services, some financial functions and systems used to provide solutions to our clients, and we are therefore dependent on the security systems of these providers. We also share and receive certain sensitive data with or from third parties.
Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If our third-party service providers experience a security incident or other interruption, which has occurred in the past, we could experience adverse consequences. While we may be entitled to damages if our third-party service providers fail to satisfy their privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or our third-party partners’ supply chains have not been compromised.
Cyberattacks, malicious internet-based activity, online and offline fraud, and other similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our sensitive information and information technology systems, and those of the third parties upon which we rely. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect, and come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, “hacktivists,” organized criminal threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation states, and nation-state-supported actors. Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities. During times of war and other major conflicts, we, the third parties with whom we work, and our customers may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our goods and services.
We and the third parties with whom we work are subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social-engineering attacks (including through deep fakes, which may be increasingly more difficult to identify as fake, and phishing attacks), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks, credential stuffing attacks, credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or error, ransomware attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures, earthquakes, fires, floods, attacks enhanced or facilitated by AI, and other similar threats. In particular, severe ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent - particularly for companies like ours that are engaged in critical infrastructure or manufacturing - and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, ability to provide our products or services, loss of sensitive data and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds.
Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments.
Remote work has increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as our employees utilize network connections, computers and devices outside our premises or network, including working at home, while in transit and in public locations.
Future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies. Furthermore, we may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program.
While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We take steps designed to detect, mitigate, and remediate vulnerabilities in our information systems (such as our hardware and/or software, including that of third parties upon which we rely). For example, we implement bug fixes and upgrades as part of our regular system maintenance, which may lead to system downtime. Even if we are able to implement the bug fixes and upgrades in a timely manner, any history of inaccuracies in the data we collect for our clients, or unauthorized access or damage to, or the loss, acquisition, or inadvertent release or exposure of confidential or other sensitive data could cause our reputation to be harmed and result in claims against us, and cannabis businesses may elect not to purchase our products or, in the case of existing clients, renew their agreements with us or we may incur increased insurance costs. The costs associated with any material defects or errors in our software or other performance problems may be substantial and could harm our operating results and growth prospects. In addition to bugs, we may not detect and remediate all identified vulnerabilities including on a timely basis. Further, we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures and patches designed to address identified vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities could be exploited and result in a security incident.
Any actual or perceived security incident could damage our reputation and brand, result in decreased utilization of our platform or prevent users from using our platform, expose us to fines and penalties, government investigations and a risk of litigation and possible liability, require us to expend significant capital and other resources (including management’s attention) to alleviate any resulting problems and otherwise to remediate the incident, and require us to expend increased cybersecurity protection costs. We have in the past and may in the future incur significant costs in an effort to detect and prevent security incidents. Numerous state, federal and foreign laws and regulations require companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities, or other stakeholders of certain security involving incidents, including those that involve certain types of personal data. Any disclosures of security incidents, pursuant to these laws or regulations or otherwise, could lead to regulatory investigations and enforcement and negative publicity, and may cause our clients and consumers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our data security measures.
Any of these impacts or circumstances arising from an actual or perceived security incident could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, reputation and relationships with clients and consumers.
Furthermore, while our errors and omissions insurance policies include liability coverage for certain of these matters, if we experienced a significant security incident, we could be subject to claims or damages that exceed our insurance coverage. We also cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate for data handling or data security liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or insurance requirements, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, operating results, and reputation.
Additionally, sensitive information of the Company or our customers could be leaked, disclosed, or revealed as a result of or in connection with our employees’, personnel’s, or vendors’ use of generative AI technologies.
Our operations and employees face risks related to macroeconomic conditions and catastrophic events, that have adversely impacted and could in the future adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
Macroeconomic conditions, including but not limited to inflation, tariffs, uncertain credit and global financial markets, past and potential future disruptions in access to bank deposits or lending commitments due to bank failures; current and potential future geopolitical events, including the military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and the state of war between Israel and Hamas and the related risk of a larger regional conflict; and the occurrence of a catastrophic event, including but not limited to severe weather, wildfire, war, or terrorist attack, could adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results. For example, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. We also face risks related to public health crises , like the COVID-19 pandemic and other adverse health developments. For example, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, governments implemented significant measures
intended to control the spread of the virus, including closures, quarantines, travel restrictions and other social distancing directives.
To the extent that restrictions or prevention and mitigation measures are implemented in connection with any future pandemic or outbreak of disease, there may be an adverse impact on global economic conditions and consumer confidence and spending, which could materially and adversely affect our operations as well as our relationships with clients and consumers. For instance, despite the overall increases in demand described below, some of our clients’ operations were initially significantly disrupted in certain jurisdictions, causing a temporary significant decrease in activity on our platform in those jurisdictions.
Shelter-in-place orders and similar regulations resulting from catastrophic events could impact our client’s ability to operate their businesses, consumers’ ability to pick up orders, and our client’s ability to make deliveries. Such events have in the past caused, and may in the future cause, a temporary closure of our clients’ businesses, either due to government mandate or voluntary preventative measures, and many of our clients may not be able to withstand prolonged interruptions to their businesses, and may be forced to go out of business. Any limitations on or disruptions or closures of our clients’ businesses could adversely affect our business. Further, we may experience a decrease in new clients due to a lack of financial resources or a decline in new markets as businesses and financial markets deal with the impact of any future catastrophic events. Further, these conditions may impact our ability to access financial markets to obtain the necessary funding to expand our business, which may adversely affect our liquidity and working capital.
It is not currently possible to ascertain the overall impact of such an event on our business. However, if such an event occurs, the event may harm our business, and may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Fluctuations in our quarterly and annual operating results may adversely affect our business and prospects.
You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we encounter in the uncertain and rapidly evolving market for our solutions. Because the cannabis information market is new and evolving, predicting its future growth rate and size is difficult. This reduces our ability to accurately evaluate our future prospects and forecast quarterly or annual performance. In addition to the other risk factors discussed in this section, factors that may contribute to the variability of our quarterly and annual results include:
•our ability to attract new clients and consumers and retain existing clients and consumers;
•our ability to accurately forecast revenue and appropriately plan our expenses;
•the effects of changes in search engine placement and prominence;
•the effects of increased competition on our business;
•our ability to successfully expand in existing markets and successfully enter new markets;
•the impact of global, regional or economic conditions;
•the ability of licensed cannabis markets to successfully grow and out compete illegal cannabis markets;
•our ability to protect our intellectual property;
•our ability to maintain and effectively manage an adequate rate of growth;
•our ability to maintain and increase traffic to our platform;
•costs associated with defending claims, including intellectual property infringement claims and related judgments or settlements;
•changes in governmental or other regulation affecting our business;
•interruptions in platform availability and any related impact on our business, reputation or brand;
•the attraction and retention of qualified personnel;
•the effects of natural or man-made catastrophic events; and
•the effectiveness of our internal controls, including the material weaknesses that we have identified.
We may improve our products and solutions in ways that forego short-term gains.
We seek to provide the best experience for the clients and consumers who use our platform. Some of our changes may have the effect of reducing our short-term revenue or profitability if we believe that the benefits will ultimately improve our business and financial performance over the long term. Any short-term reductions in revenue or profitability could be greater than planned or
the changes mentioned above may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
We are subject to U.S. and certain foreign export and import controls, sanctions, embargoes, and anti-corruption laws and regulations. Compliance with these legal standards could impair our ability to compete in domestic and international markets. We can face criminal liability and other serious consequences for violations which can harm our business.
We are subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, and other state and national anti-bribery laws in the countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies and their employees, agents, contractors, and other partners from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything else of value to recipients in the public or private sector. The FCPA also requires public companies to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the corporation and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of our employees, agents, contractors, and other partners, even if we do not explicitly authorize or have actual knowledge of such activities.
We are also subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. Export controls and trade sanctions laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit altogether the provision, sale, or supply of our products to certain governments, persons, entities, countries, and territories, including those that are the target of comprehensive sanctions or an embargo.
Any violation of the laws and regulations described above may result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties, imprisonment, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment, tax reassessments, breach of contract and fraud litigation, reputational harm, and other consequences.
We are subject to risks inherent in foreign operations, including social, political and economic flux and compliance with additional U.S. and foreign laws, including those related to anti-bribery and anti-corruption, and may not be able to successfully maintain or expand our foreign operations.
We sell our Weedmaps for Business offering in the United States and have a limited number of non-monetized listings in several other countries including Austria, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and Uruguay. We anticipate growing our business, in part, by continuing to expand our foreign operations. As we continue our expansion, we may enter new foreign markets where we have limited or no experience marketing and deploying our platform. If we fail to launch or manage our foreign operations successfully, our business may suffer. Additionally, as our foreign operations expand, or more of our expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our operating results may be more greatly affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies in which we do business. In addition, as our foreign operations continue to grow, we are subject to a variety of risks inherent in doing business internationally, including:
•political, social and economic instability;
•risks related to the legal and regulatory environment in foreign jurisdictions, including with respect to privacy and data protection, and unexpected changes in laws, regulatory requirements and enforcement;
•fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
•higher levels of credit risk and payment fraud;
•complying with tax requirements of multiple jurisdictions;
•enhanced difficulties of integrating any foreign acquisitions;
•the ability to present our content effectively in foreign languages;
•complying with a variety of foreign laws, including certain employment laws requiring national collective bargaining agreements that set minimum salaries, benefits, working conditions and termination requirements;
•reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
•difficulties in staffing and managing global operations and the increased travel, infrastructure and compliance costs associated with multiple foreign locations;
•regulations that might add difficulties in repatriating cash earned outside the United States and otherwise preventing us from freely moving cash;
•import and export restrictions and changes in trade regulation;
•complying with statutory equity requirements;
•complying with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, the Corruption of Public Officials Act (Canada), and similar laws in other jurisdictions; and
•export controls and economic sanctions administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security and the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.
We are subject to industry standards, governmental laws and regulations, contractual obligations, policies, and other obligations governing privacy, data protection and information security, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
In the ordinary course of business, we process personal data and other sensitive information, including proprietary and confidential business data, intellectual property, and sensitive third-party data. Our data processing subjects us to various federal, state, provincial and foreign laws and regulations, as well as other obligations including contractual obligations, industry standards and internal and external policies related to privacy, data protection, and information security.
In the United States, federal, state, and local governments have enacted numerous data privacy and security laws, including data breach notification laws, personal data privacy laws, consumer protection laws (e.g., Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act), and other similar laws (e.g., wiretapping laws). For example, the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 and the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (“TCPA”) impose specific requirements on communications with customers. For example, the TCPA imposes various consumer consent requirements and other restrictions on certain telemarketing activity and other communications with consumers by phone, fax or text message. TCPA violations can result in significant financial penalties, including penalties or criminal fines imposed by the Federal Communications Commission or fines of up to $1,500 per violation imposed through private litigation or by state authorities.
Numerous U.S. states have enacted comprehensive privacy laws that impose certain obligations on covered businesses, including providing specific disclosures in privacy notices and affording residents with certain rights concerning their personal data. As applicable, such rights may include the right to access, correct, or delete certain personal data, and to opt-out of certain data processing activities, such as sale of personal data, targeted advertising, profiling, and automated decision-making. The exercise of these rights may impact our business and ability to provide our products and services. Certain states also impose stricter requirements for processing certain personal data, including sensitive information, such as obtaining consumer consent and conducting data privacy impact assessments. These state laws allow for statutory fines for noncompliance. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), applies to personal data of consumers, business representatives, and employees who are California residents, provides for fines, and allows private litigants affected by certain data breaches to recover significant statutory damages for certain data breaches. A number of other proposals are being considered or have passed at the federal, state, and local levels, and we expect more states to pass similar laws in the future.
Many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including Canada, the United Kingdom (“UK”), and the European Union (“E.U.”) have laws and regulations concerning the processing of personal information, including for example, in Canada, the federal Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, or PIPEDA and various related laws. Further, Canada has robust anti-spam legislation, the Anti-Spam Legislation, or CASL. The penalties for non-compliance under CASL are significant. In addition, the E.U.’s General Data Protection Regulation, or the EU GDPR, and the United Kingdom’s GDPR, or UK GDPR (collectively, “GDPR”) regulate the processing of personal data and provide for substantial penalties for noncompliance. For example, under the GDPR, companies may face temporary or definitive bans on data processing and other corrective actions; fines of up to 20 million Euros under the EU GDPR, 17.5 million pounds sterling under the UK GDPR or, in each case, up to 4% of annual global revenue, whichever is greater; or private litigation related to processing of personal data brought by classes of data subjects or consumer protection organizations authorized at law to represent their interests.
There are also laws governing the privacy of consumer health data. For example, Washington’s My Health My Data Act broadly defines consumer health data, places restrictions on processing consumer health data (including imposing stringent requirements for consents), provides consumers certain rights with respect to their health data, and creates a private right of action to allow individuals to sue for violations of the law. Other states are considering and may adopt similar laws.
Europe and other jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring data to be localized or limiting the transfer of personal data to other countries. In particular, the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the UK have significantly restricted the transfer of personal data to the United States and other countries whose privacy laws it generally believes are inadequate. Other jurisdictions have and may continue to adopt similarly stringent data localization and cross-border data transfer laws.
Although there are currently various mechanisms that may be used to transfer personal data from the EEA and UK to the United States in compliance with law, such as the EEA standard contractual clauses, the UK’s International Data Transfer Agreement / Addendum, and the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework and the UK extension thereto (which allows for transfers to relevant U.S.-based organizations who self-certify compliance and participate in the Framework), these mechanisms are subject to legal challenges, and there is no assurance that a company can satisfy or rely on these measures to lawfully transfer personal data to the United States.
If there is no lawful manner for a company to transfer personal data from the EEA, the UK or other jurisdictions to the United States, or if the requirements for a legally-compliant transfer are too onerous, a company could face significant adverse consequences, including, increased exposure to regulatory actions, substantial fines and penalties, the inability to transfer data and work with partners, vendors and other third parties, and injunctions against their processing or transferring of personal data related to EU users. Additionally, companies that transfer personal data out of the EEA and UK to other jurisdictions, particularly to the United States, are subject to increased scrutiny from regulators, individual litigants, and activist groups. Some European regulators have ordered certain companies to suspend or permanently cease certain transfers out of Europe for allegedly violating the GDPR’s cross-border data transfer limitations.
We are bound by contractual obligations related to data privacy and security, and our efforts to comply with such obligations may not be successful. For example, certain privacy laws, such as the CCPA, require our customers to impose specific contractual restrictions on their service providers.
Additionally, under various privacy laws and other obligations, we may be required to obtain certain consents to process personal data. For example, some of our data processing practices may be challenged under wiretapping laws, if we share consumer information to third parties through various methods, including chatbot and session replay providers, or via third-party marketing pixels. These practices may be subject to increased challenges by class action plaintiffs. Our inability or failure to obtain consent for these practices could result in adverse consequences, including class action litigation and mass arbitration demands.
We publish privacy policies, marketing materials and other statements regarding data privacy and security. Regulators in the United States are increasingly scrutinizing these statements, and if these policies, materials or statements are found to be deficient, lacking in transparency, deceptive, unfair, misleading, or misrepresentative of our practices, we may be subject to investigation, enforcement actions by regulators or other adverse consequences.
Obligations related to data privacy and security (and consumers’ data privacy expectations) are evolving, becoming increasingly stringent, and creating uncertainty. These obligations have and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another, other requirements or legal obligations. Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, or amendments or changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, could impair our or (or the third parties upon whom we rely) ability to collect, use, disclose or otherwise process information relating to employees or consumers, which could decrease demand for our applications, increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our client and consumer bases and increase revenue. We may at times fail (or be perceived to have failed) in our efforts to comply with our data privacy and security obligations. Moreover, despite our efforts, our personnel or third parties on whom we rely may fail to comply with such obligations, which could negatively impact our business operations. Any failure or perceived failure by us or the third parties upon whom we rely to comply with federal, state, provincial or foreign laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations may result in governmental enforcement actions (e.g., investigations, fines, penalties, audits, inspections, and similar) and prosecutions, private litigation (including class actions) and mass arbitration demands, adverse publicity that could cause employees, clients and consumers to lose trust in us, additional reporting requirements and/or oversight, bans on processing personal data, and orders to destroy or not use personal data. In particular, plaintiffs have become increasingly more active in bringing privacy-related claims against companies, including class claims and mass arbitration demands. Some of these claims allow for the recovery of statutory damages on a per violation basis, and, if viable, carry the potential for monumental statutory damages, depending on the volume of data and the number of violations. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, or financial condition, including but not limited to: loss of customers; interruptions or stoppages in our business; inability to process personal data or to operate in certain jurisdictions; limited ability to develop or commercialize our products; expenditure of time and resources to defend any claim or inquiry; adverse publicity; or substantial changes to our business model or operations.
Governmental regulation of the internet continues to develop, and unfavorable changes could substantially harm our business and operating results.
We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as federal, state, provincial and foreign laws specifically governing the internet. Existing and future laws and regulations, narrowing of any existing legal safe harbors, or previous or future court decisions may impede the growth of the internet or online products and solutions, and increase the cost of providing online products and solutions. These laws may govern, among other issues, taxation, tariffs, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, electronic contracts and other communications, consumer protection, broadband residential internet access and the characteristics and quality of offerings. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales, use and other taxes, and libel apply to the internet or online services. There is also a risk that these laws may be interpreted and applied in conflicting ways across jurisdictions, and in a manner that is not consistent with our current
practices. Unfavorable resolution of these issues may limit our business activities, expose us to potential legal claims or cause us to spend significant resources on ensuring compliance, any of which could harm our business and operating results.
We may be subject to claims brought against us as a result of content we provide.
We provide educational information regarding the use and potential effects of various types of cannabis products through our platform, including information regarding therapeutic uses for cannabis. If our content, or content we obtain from third parties, contains inaccuracies, it is possible that consumers or others may sue us for various causes of action. Although our website and mobile applications contain terms and conditions, including disclaimers of liability, that are intended to reduce or eliminate our liability, the law governing the validity and enforceability of online agreements and other electronic transactions is evolving. We could be subject to claims by third parties that our online agreements with consumers that provide the terms and conditions for use of our websites and mobile applications are unenforceable. A finding by a court that these agreements are invalid and that we are subject to liability could harm our business and require costly changes to our business.
For content that we publish or provide ourselves, we have editorial procedures in place to provide quality control of the information that we publish or provide. However, we cannot assure you that our editorial and other quality control procedures will be sufficient to ensure that there are no errors or omissions in particular content. Even if potential claims do not result in liability to us, investigating and defending against these claims could be expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention away from our operations. In addition, our business is based on establishing the reputation of our platform as trustworthy and dependable sources of educational information. Allegations of impropriety or inaccuracy, even if unfounded, could harm our reputation and business.
We may be subject to legal claims based on the content published to our platform.
We may be subject to legal claims relating to information made available through our platform, including claims for defamation, libel, negligence and copyright or trademark infringement, among others. These claims or allegations could divert management time and attention away from our business and result in significant costs to investigate and defend, regardless of the merits of the claims or allegations. In some instances, we may elect or be compelled to remove content, or may be forced to pay substantial damages or administrative monetary penalties, if we are unsuccessful in our efforts to defend against these claims or allegations. If we elect, or are compelled, to remove valuable content from our platform, our platform or services may become less useful to consumers, which could have a negative impact on our business and financial performance. This risk may also be greater in certain jurisdictions outside of the United States where our protections from such liability may be unclear.
Future investments in alternative revenue streams or acquisitions could disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We believe that our long-term growth depends in part on our ability to develop and monetize additional aspects of our platform. Developing new products and solutions may involve significant investments of capital, time, resources and managerial attention. We have limited experience with developing, implementing and managing revenue streams other than our core listing business, and there can be no assurance that we will successfully implement any new products or solutions. External factors, such as additional regulatory compliance obligations, may also affect the successful implementation of new products and solutions through our platform.
Additionally, we may make acquisitions that could be material to our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Our ability as an organization to successfully acquire and integrate technologies or businesses is unproven. Acquisitions involve many risks, including the following:
•an acquisition may negatively affect our operating results, financial condition or cash flows because it may require us to incur charges or assume substantial debt or other liabilities, may cause adverse tax consequences or unfavorable accounting treatment, may expose us to claims and disputes by third parties, including intellectual property claims and disputes, or may not generate sufficient financial return to offset additional costs and expenses related to the acquisition;
•we may encounter difficulties or unforeseen expenditures in integrating the business, technologies, products, personnel or operations of any company that we acquire, particularly if key personnel of the acquired company decide not to work for us, and potentially across different cultures and languages in the event of a foreign acquisition;
•an acquisition may disrupt our ongoing business, divert resources, increase our expenses and distract our management;
•an acquisition may result in a delay or reduction of sales for both us and the company we acquired due to uncertainty about continuity and effectiveness of products or support from either company;
•we may encounter difficulties in, or may be unable to, successfully sell any acquired products;
•an acquisition may involve the entry into geographic or business markets in which we have little or no prior experience or where competitors have stronger market positions;
•potential strain on our financial and managerial controls and reporting systems and procedures;
•potential known and unknown liabilities associated with an acquired company;
•if we incur debt to fund such acquisitions, such debt may subject us to material restrictions on our ability to conduct our business as well as financial maintenance covenants;
•the risk of impairment charges related to potential write-downs of acquired assets or goodwill in future acquisitions;
•to the extent that we issue a significant amount of equity or convertible debt securities in connection with future acquisitions, existing equity holders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease; and
•managing the varying intellectual property protection strategies and other activities of an acquired company.
We may not succeed in addressing these or other risks or any other problems encountered in connection with the integration of any acquired business. The inability to integrate successfully the business, technologies, products, personnel or operations of any acquired business, or any significant delay in achieving integration, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all, causing dilution to our stockholders, restricting our operations or adversely affecting our ability to operate our business.
In the course of running our business, we may need to raise capital, certain forms of which may cause dilution to our stockholders. If our need is due to unforeseen circumstances or material expenditures or if our operating results are worse than expected, then we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all, and these additional financings could cause further dilution to our stockholders. Due to the current legal status of cannabis under U.S. federal law, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, difficulty attracting additional debt or equity financing. In addition, the current legal status of cannabis may increase the cost of capital now and in the future. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include equity conversion rights, covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, expending capital, or declaring dividends, or that impose financial covenants on us that limit our ability to achieve our business objectives. Debt financings may contain provisions, which, if breached, may entitle lenders to accelerate repayment of loans, and there is no assurance that we would be able to repay such loans in such an event or prevent the foreclosure of security interests granted pursuant to such debt financing. If we need but cannot raise additional capital on acceptable terms, then we may not be able to meet our business objectives, our stock price may fall, and you may lose some or all of your investment.
Our business and operating results may be harmed if we are deemed responsible for the collection and remittance of state sales taxes or other indirect taxes.
We do not collect sales and use, value-added, goods and services, or other similar taxes as part of our client agreements in the United States or Canada. Sales and use, value-added and similar tax laws and rates vary greatly by jurisdiction. If we are deemed an agent for the clients on our platform under state or other applicable tax law, we may be deemed responsible for collecting and remitting such taxes directly to certain states or jurisdictions. It is possible that one or more states or other jurisdictions could seek to impose sales, use or other tax obligations on us with regard to the ordering functionality that we offer our clients. These taxes may be applicable to past sales. In addition, the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in South Dakota v. Wayfair that a U.S. state may require an online retailer with no in-state property or personnel to collect and remit sales tax on sales to the state’s residents may permit wider enforcement of sales tax collection requirements, which may increase the jurisdictions in which we may be required to collect and/or remit taxes. A successful assertion that we should be collecting sales, use or other taxes or remitting such taxes directly to states or other jurisdictions could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales and additional administrative expenses and increase the cost of our products and solutions, which could harm our business and operating results.
We may be subject to potential adverse tax consequences both domestically and in foreign jurisdictions.
We are subject to taxes, such as income, payroll, sales, use, value-added, property and goods and services taxes, in both the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. Our domestic and foreign tax liabilities are subject to various jurisdictional rules regarding the timing and allocation of revenue and expenses. Additionally, the amount of income taxes paid is subject to our interpretation of applicable tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate and to changes in tax laws or their interpretation. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. From time to time, we may be subject to income and non-income tax audits. While we believe we have complied with all applicable income tax laws, there can be no assurance that a governing tax authority will not have a different interpretation of the law and assess us with additional taxes. Should we be assessed with additional taxes, there could be a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition. In addition, audits may require ongoing time and attention from our management, which could limit their ability to focus on other aspects of our business and impact our business in the future.
Changes in accounting standards or other factors could negatively impact our future effective tax rate.
Our future effective tax rate may be affected by such factors as changes in tax laws, changing interpretation of existing laws or regulations, the impact of accounting for equity-based compensation, the impact of accounting for business combinations, changes in our international organization and changes in overall levels of income before tax. In addition, in the ordinary course of our global business, there are many intercompany transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, we cannot ensure that the final determination of tax audits or tax disputes will not be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals.
Changes in tax laws or regulations and compliance in multiple jurisdictions may have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or operating results.
We are subject to the income tax laws of the United States, Canada and several other foreign jurisdictions. New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be enacted at any time, which could affect the tax treatment of our U.S. and foreign earnings. Any new taxes could adversely affect our domestic and foreign business operations and our business and financial performance. For example, in 2023, California implemented a 15% excise tax on cannabis sales to be paid by consumers and remitted by retailers, which is scheduled to increase to 19% in July 2025, which has and may continue to have a material adverse effect on the number of consumers purchasing cannabis, as well as negatively impact the operating results of cannabis retail, both of which has and may continue to adversely affect to our business, cash flow, financial condition and operating results. In addition, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances, such as Section 280E of the Code, discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us. Furthermore, changes to the taxation of undistributed foreign earnings could change our future intentions regarding reinvestment of such earnings. The foregoing items could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or operating results.
Requirements as to taxation vary substantially among jurisdictions. Complying with the tax laws of these jurisdictions can be time consuming and expensive and could potentially subject us to penalties and fees in the future if we were to inadvertently fail to comply. If we were to inadvertently fail to comply with applicable tax laws, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have ongoing material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses or to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud.
Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, under the criteria described in the preceding sentence, management has identified that as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to the ongoing material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting.
As of December 31, 2024, we have an ongoing entity-level material weakness that was identified in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for which remediation efforts continued in the year ended December 31, 2024 as further described below.
•We did not fully maintain components of the COSO framework, including elements of the control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, and monitoring activities components, relating to (i) developing general control activities over technology to support the achievement of objectives across the entity, (ii) sufficiency of processes related to identifying and analyzing risks to the achievement of objectives, including technology, across the entity, and (iii) sufficiency of selecting and developing control activities that contribute to the mitigation of risks to the achievement of objectives to acceptable levels.
The entity-level material weakness contributed to material weaknesses within our system of internal control over financial reporting as follows:
Unremediated material weaknesses identified in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
1.We did not design and maintain effective information technology (IT) general controls for certain information systems supporting our key financial reporting processes, including for our enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and for certain in-scope on-premise and vendor-supported applications. Specifically, we did not design, implement and maintain (a) change management controls to ensure that program and data changes affecting financial applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately, (b) access controls to ensure appropriate IT segregation of duties are maintained that adequately restrict and segregate privileged access between environments which support development and production, and (c) controls to monitor on an on-going basis for the proper segregation of privileged access between environments which support development and production. As a result, IT application controls and business process controls that are dependent on the ineffective IT general controls, or that rely on data produced from systems impacted by the ineffective IT general controls, are also deemed ineffective, which affects substantially all of our financial statement account balances and disclosures.
2.We did not design and maintain effective process-level controls related to the order-to-cash cycle (including revenues, accounts receivables, and deferred revenue), procure-to-pay-cycle (including operating expenses, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses), capitalized software and long-term assets. As of December 31, 2024, we also concluded that this material weakness applied to the payroll cycle and income taxes
Additionally, these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses or to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Management has been implementing and continues to implement measures to remediate the ongoing material weaknesses. However, until the remediation plan is implemented, tested, and deemed effective, we cannot assure that our actions will adequately remediate the material weaknesses or that additional material weaknesses in our internal controls will not be identified in the future. Additionally, these remediation measures may be time consuming and costly and there is no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.
If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In such case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements. As a result, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reporting, access to capital markets and perceptions of our creditworthiness could be adversely affected and our stock price may decline as a result. Also, the existence of any current or future material weakness could require management to devote significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weakness, and management may not be able to remediate any such material weakness in a timely manner, or at all. These events could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, or any measures we may take in the future, will be sufficient to avoid potential future material weaknesses.
We previously restated our financial statements for several quarters, which resulted in unanticipated costs and may adversely affect investor confidence, our stock price, our ability to raise capital, raise reputational issues and may subject us to additional risks and uncertainties, including the increased possibility of legal proceedings and regulatory inquiries
On May 20, 2024, management and the audit committee of our board of directors concluded that our previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023, six months ended June 30, 2023 and nine months ended September 30, 2023 included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2023, August 9, 2023 and November 8, 2023, respectively (collectively, the “Affected Periods”), were materially misstated and should no longer be relied upon due to identified errors in the application of our revenue recognition policies related to the cash collection of a certain subset of our customers that had been placed on a cash basis. As a result, we restated the financial statements for the Affected Periods.
As a result of this error and the resulting restatement of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the impacted periods, we have incurred, and may continue to incur, unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees in connection with or related to the restatement, and have become subject to a number of additional risks and uncertainties, including the increased possibility of litigation and regulatory inquiries. Any of the foregoing may affect investor confidence in the accuracy of our financial disclosures and may raise reputational risks for our business, both of which could harm our business and financial results. Any restatements may have the effect of eroding investor confidence in us and our financial reporting and
accounting practices and processes and may raise reputational issues for our business. The restatements may negatively impact the trading price of our securities and may make it more difficult for us to raise capital on acceptable terms, or at all.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
In this discussion of risks related to our organizational structure, references to “we,” “us” and “our” generally refer to WM Technology Inc.
We are a holding company and our only material asset is our interest in WMH LLC, and we are accordingly dependent upon distributions made by WMH LLC and its subsidiaries to pay taxes, make payments under the tax receivable agreement and pay dividends.
We are a holding company with no material assets other than our ownership of units of WMH LLC (“WMH Units”) and our managing member interest in WMH LLC. As a result, we have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow. Our ability to pay taxes, make payments under the tax receivable agreement (the “TRA”) and pay dividends will depend on the financial results and cash flows of WMH LLC and its subsidiaries and the distributions we receive from WMH LLC. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings or cash flow of WMH LLC and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair WMH LLC’s ability to pay such distributions. Additionally, to the extent that we need funds and WMH LLC and/or any of its subsidiaries are restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of any financing arrangements, or WMH LLC is otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.
WMH LLC will continue to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, WMH LLC’s taxable income will be allocated to holders of WMH Units, including us. Accordingly, we will be required to pay income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of WMH LLC. Under the terms of the amended operating agreement, WMH LLC is obligated to make tax distributions to holders of WMH Units (including us) calculated at certain assumed tax rates. In addition to tax expenses, we will also incur expenses related to our operations, including payment obligations under the TRA agreement (and the cost of administering such payment obligations), which could be significant. We intend to cause WMH LLC to make distributions to holders of WMH Units in amounts sufficient to cover all applicable taxes (calculated at assumed tax rates), relevant operating expenses, payments under the TRA and dividends, if any, declared by us. However, as discussed below, WMH LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions including, but not limited to, restrictions on distributions that would either violate any contract or agreement to which WMH LLC is then a party, including debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering WMH LLC insolvent. If our cash resources are insufficient to meet our obligations under the TRA and to fund our obligations, we may be required to incur additional indebtedness to provide the liquidity needed to make such payments, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and subject us to various restrictions imposed by any such lenders. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the TRA for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the TRA and therefore accelerate payments due under the TRA.
Additionally, although WMH LLC generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax, it may be liable under the Code and related guidance for adjustments to its tax return, absent an election to the contrary. In the event WMH LLC’s calculations of taxable income are incorrect, its members, including us, in later years may be subject to material liabilities pursuant to these provisions.
Dividends on our Class A Common Stock, if any, will be paid at the discretion of our board of directors, which will consider, among other things, our business, operating results, financial condition, current and expected cash needs, plans for expansion and any legal or contractual limitations on its ability to pay such dividends. Financing arrangements may include restrictive covenants that restrict our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to our stockholders. In addition, WMH LLC is generally prohibited under Delaware law from making a distribution to a member to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, the liabilities of WMH LLC (with certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets. WMH LLC’s subsidiaries are generally subject to similar legal limitations on their ability to make distributions to WMH LLC. If WMH LLC does not have sufficient funds to make distributions, our ability to declare and pay cash dividends may also be restricted or impaired.
In certain circumstances, WMH LLC will be required to make distributions to us and the other holders of WMH Units, and the distributions that WMH LLC will be required to make may be substantial.
As discussed above, WMH LLC will generally be required from time to time to make pro rata distributions in cash to us and the other holders of WMH Units at certain assumed tax rates in amounts that are intended to be sufficient to cover the taxes on our and the other WMH equity holders’ respective allocable shares of the taxable income of WMH LLC. As a result of (i) potential differences in the amount of net taxable income allocable to us and the other holders of WMH Units, (ii) the lower tax rate
applicable to corporations than individuals and (iii) the use of an assumed tax rate (based on the tax rate applicable to individuals) in calculating WMH LLC’s distribution obligations, we may receive tax distributions significantly in excess of our tax liabilities and obligations to make payments under the TRA. We will determine in our sole discretion the appropriate uses for any excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, dividends, the payment of obligations under the TRA and the payment of other expenses. We will have no obligation to distribute such excess cash (or other available cash other than any declared dividend) to the holders of Class A Common Stock. No adjustments to the redemption or exchange ratio of WMH Units for shares of Class A Common Stock will be made as a result of either (i) any cash dividend by us or (ii) any cash that we retain and do not distribute to our stockholders. To the extent that we do not distribute such excess cash as dividends on Class A Common Stock and instead, for example, hold such cash balances or lend them to WMH LLC, other holders of WMH Units would benefit from any value attributable to such cash balances as a result of their ownership of Class A Common Stock following a redemption or exchange of their WMH Units.
We will be required to pay the WMH LLC Class A equity holders and any other persons that become parties to the tax receivable agreement for certain tax benefits we may receive and the amounts payable may be substantial.
Acquisitions by us of Legacy WMH common units in the Business Combination and subsequent taxable redemptions or exchanges of Class A units representing limited liability company interests of WMH LLC (the “Class A Units”) by the WMH LLC equity holders for shares of Class A Common Stock or cash pursuant to the exchange agreement have resulted, and are expected to continue to result in, favorable tax attributes for us.
In connection with the Business Combination, we entered into the TRA with WMH Class A equity holders and their representative. Under the TRA, we generally are required to pay to the WMH LLC Class A equity holders, in the aggregate, 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of (i) increases to the tax basis of WMH LLC’s assets resulting from acquisitions by us of Legacy WMH common units for cash in the Business Combination and taxable redemptions or exchanges of Class A Units for shares of Class A Common Stock or cash pursuant to the exchange agreement, (ii) tax benefits related to imputed interest or (iii) tax attributes resulting from payments made under the TRA. The payment obligations under the TRA are our obligations and not obligations of WMH LLC.
The payments we will be required to make under the TRA may be substantial. Potential payments will depend on the future tax savings that we will be realize (or, in certain circumstances, are deemed to realize), and the TRA payments made by us will be calculated based in part on the market value of the Class A Common Stock at the time of each redemption or exchange under the exchange agreement and the prevailing applicable tax rates applicable to us over the life of the TRA and will depend on us generating sufficient taxable income to realize the tax benefits that are subject to the TRA. Payments under the TRA are not conditioned on the WMH LLC Class A equity holders’ continued ownership of us. See Note 15, “Income Taxes,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included herein.
In certain cases, payments under the TRA may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the TRA.
Payments under the TRA will be based on the tax reporting positions we determine, and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or another tax authority may challenge all or a part of the existing tax basis, tax basis increases, or other tax attributes subject to the TRA, and a court could sustain such challenge. The parties to the TRA will not reimburse us for any payments previously made if such tax basis, or other tax benefits are subsequently disallowed, except that any excess payments made to a party under the TRA will be netted against future payments otherwise to be made under the TRA, if any, after the determination of such excess.
In addition, the TRA provides that if (1) we breach any of our material obligations under the TRA (including in the event that we are more than three months late making a payment that is due under the TRA, except in the case of certain liquidity exceptions) (2) we are subject to certain bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceedings, or (3) at any time, we elect an early termination of the TRA, our obligations under the TRA (with respect to all Class A Units, whether or not such units have been exchanged or redeemed before or after such transaction) would accelerate and become payable in a lump sum amount equal to the present value of the anticipated future tax benefits calculated based on certain assumptions, including that we would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the tax deductions, tax basis and other tax attributes subject to the TRA. The TRA also provides that, upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combination, or certain other changes of control, (x) our obligations under the TRA with respect to Class A Units that have been exchanged or redeemed prior to or in connection with such change of control transaction would accelerate and become payable in a lump sum as described above and (y) with respect to Class A Units that have not been exchanged as of such change of control transaction, our or our successor’s obligations under the TRA would be based on certain assumptions, including that we or our successor would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the increased tax deductions and tax basis and other benefits covered by the TRA As a result, upon any acceleration of our obligations under the TRA (including upon a change of control), we could be required to make payments under the TRA that are greater than 85% of our actual cash tax savings, which could negatively
impact our liquidity. The change of control provisions in the TRA may also result in situations where the WMH LLC Class A equity holders have interests that differ from or are in addition to those of the holders of our Class A Common Stock.
Finally, because we are a holding company with no operations of our own, our ability to make payments under the TRA depends on the ability of WMH LLC to make distributions to us. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the TRA for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid, which could negatively impact our results of operations and could also affect our liquidity in periods in which such payments are made.
Additional Risks Related to the Cannabis Industry
Cannabis remains prohibited under federal law, and therefore, strict enforcement of federal laws regarding cannabis would likely result in our inability to execute our business plan.
Cannabis, other than hemp (defined by the U.S. government as Cannabis sativa L. with a THC concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight basis), is a prohibited controlled substance under the CSA. Even in states or territories that have legalized cannabis to some extent, the cultivation, possession and sale of cannabis all violate the CSA and are punishable by imprisonment, substantial fines and forfeiture. Moreover, individuals and entities may violate federal law if they aid and abet another in violating the CSA, or conspire with another to violate the law, and violating the CSA is a predicate for certain other crimes, including money laundering laws and the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the federal government has the authority to regulate and criminalize the sale, possession and use of cannabis, even for individual medical purposes, regardless of whether it is legal under state law. Since 2014, however, the U.S. government has not prioritized the enforcement of those laws against cannabis companies complying with state law and their vendors. It is unclear whether that policy of prosecutorial discretion will continue under the new administration under President Trump; while President Trump has been generally supportive of cannabis during the campaign, his Attorney General and acting DEA Administrator picks have not supported cannabis in the past. Therefore, federal prosecutions against state-legal entities cannot be ruled out entirely at this time.
On January 4, 2018, then U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a memorandum for all U.S. Attorneys (the “Sessions Memo”) rescinding certain past DOJ memoranda on cannabis law enforcement, including the Memorandum by former Deputy Attorney General James Michael Cole (the “Cole Memo”) issued on August 29, 2013, under the Obama administration. Describing the criminal enforcement of federal cannabis prohibitions against those complying with state cannabis regulatory systems as an inefficient use of federal investigative and prosecutorial resources, the Cole Memo gave federal prosecutors discretion not to prosecute state law compliant cannabis companies in states that were regulating cannabis, unless one or more of eight federal priorities were implicated, including use of cannabis by minors, violence, or the use of federal lands for cultivation. The Sessions Memo, which remains in effect, states that each U.S. Attorney’s Office should follow established principles that govern all federal prosecutions when deciding which cannabis activities to prosecute. As a result, federal prosecutors could and still can use their prosecutorial discretion to decide to prosecute even state legal cannabis activities. Since the Sessions Memo was issued over seven years ago, however, U.S. Attorneys have generally not prioritized the targeting of state law compliant entities.
We cannot assure that each U.S. Attorney’s Office in each judicial district where we operate will not choose to enforce federal laws governing cannabis sales against state-legal companies like our business clients. The basis for the federal government’s lack of recent enforcement with respect to the cannabis industry extends beyond the strong public sentiment and ongoing prosecutorial discretion. Since 2014, versions of the U.S. omnibus spending bill have included a provision prohibiting the DOJ, which includes the DEA, from using appropriated funds to prevent states from implementing their medical-use cannabis laws (formerly known as the Rohrabacher-Bluemnauer Amendment, and now known as the Joyce Amendment). In 2021, President Joe Biden became the first president to propose a budget with the Joyce amendment included. The amendment most recently was renewed through the signing of the stopgap spending bill. While the Joyce Amendment has continuously been renewed since its inception with little fanfare, there is no assurance that Congress will approve inclusion of a similar prohibition on DOJ spending in future appropriations bills.
In USA vs. McIntosh, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the provision prohibits the DOJ from spending funds to prosecute individuals who engage in conduct permitted by state medical-use cannabis laws and who strictly comply with such laws. The court noted that, if the spending bill provision were not continued, prosecutors could enforce against conduct occurring during the statute of limitations even while the provision was previously in force. Other courts that have considered the issue have ruled similarly, although courts disagree about which party bears the burden of proof of showing compliance or noncompliance with state law. Our policies do not prohibit our state-licensed cannabis retailers from engaging in the cannabis business for adult use that is permissible under state and local laws. Consequently, certain of our retailers currently (and may in the future) sell adult-use cannabis, if permitted by such state and local laws now or in the future, and therefore may be outside any protections extended to medical-use cannabis under the spending bill provision. This could subject our clients to greater and/or different federal legal and other risks as compared to businesses where cannabis is sold exclusively for medical use, which could in turn materially adversely affect our business. Furthermore, any change in the federal government’s
enforcement posture with respect to state licensed cannabis sales, including the enforcement postures of individual federal prosecutors in judicial districts where we operate, would result in our inability to execute our business plan, and we would likely suffer significant losses with respect to client base, which would adversely affect our operations, cash flow and financial condition.
Additionally, financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under the federal money laundering statutes, unlicensed money transmitter statutes and the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, as amended (the “Bank Secrecy Act”). The penalties for violation of these laws include imprisonment, substantial fines and forfeiture. Prior to the DOJ’s rescission of the Cole Memo, supplemental guidance from the DOJ issued under the Obama Administration directed federal prosecutors to consider the federal enforcement priorities enumerated in the Cole Memo when determining whether to charge institutions or individuals with any of the financial crimes described above based upon cannabis-related activity. With the rescission of the Cole Memo, there is increased uncertainty and added risk that federal law enforcement authorities could seek to pursue money laundering charges against entities or individuals engaged in supporting the cannabis industry.
Federal prosecutors have significant discretion and no assurance can be given that the federal prosecutor in each judicial district where we operate will not choose to strictly enforce the federal laws governing cannabis production or distribution. Any change in the federal government’s enforcement posture with respect to state-licensed cultivation of cannabis, including the enforcement postures of individual federal prosecutors in judicial districts where we operate, would result in our inability to execute our business plan, and we would likely suffer significant losses with respect to our investment in cannabis facilities in the United States. Furthermore, following any such change in the federal government’s enforcement position, we could be subject to prosecution, which could lead to imprisonment and/or the imposition of penalties, fines, or forfeiture.
In the prior administration, President Biden signed into law the “Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act,” a bill aimed at easing restrictions on cannabis research -- bipartisan legislation which is the first standalone cannabis reform bill to pass both the House and Senate. Additionally, on October 6, 2022, President Biden issued a presidential proclamation pardoning federal convictions for simple marijuana possession offenses, encouraging state governors to do the same on the state level where permissible, and requesting that the Secretary of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) and the Attorney General initiate an administrative process to review cannabis’s Schedule I classification under the CSA. On August 29, 2023, HHS issued a letter to the DEA recommending that cannabis be reclassified as a Schedule III controlled substance under the CSA. On May 16, 2024, President Biden announced that the U.S. Attorney General initiated proceedings to transfer cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III, through an NPRM published on May 21, 2024. Following the NPRM, DEA issued a notice for a hearing which commenced in November 2023, but the hearing is currently stayed pending an administrative interlocutory appeal. It is unclear when the hearing will recommence, and whether the new administration will support rescheduling. If rescheduling does occur, this would be a momentous change whose full implications are currently unknown. The DEA’s decision to reclassify cannabis would neither legalize nor likely eliminate current state cannabis programs. If placed under Schedule III, cannabis will remain a controlled substance and state-legal programs will continue to operate outside of federally legal channels in their distribution of the substance particularly because no state operator holds a DEA registration to possess or distribute cannabis. However, some fear that, if cannabis is successfully rescheduled, the DEA or FDA may impose additional requirements or begin to target enforcement of state cannabis programs. If our clients are ultimately negatively impacted by rescheduling, we would likely be unable to execute our business plan, and our business and financial results would be adversely affected.
Additionally, although President Trump has appeared supportive of the cannabis industry, his nominees have not offered clear answers on their cannabis stance. The President alone cannot reschedule or legalize medical cannabis, and as states have demonstrated, legalizing cannabis can take many different forms.
U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi has repeatedly declined to specify her stance on cannabis policy issues, responding to all related questions from senators that she will give “careful consideration after consulting with appropriate Department officials.” She also avoided specifying her stance on the federal enforcement of cannabis laws. Therefore, key questions remain about how Attorney General Bondi would handle both the rescheduling process and federal enforcement priorities. Despite President Trump's recent support for cannabis rescheduling and ending arrests for personal use, Attorney General Bondi's past record as Florida Attorney General shows opposition to medical cannabis legalization, including defending a ban on smoking medical cannabis in 2018, which has raised concerns among advocates about her approach at the federal level. It is unclear whether the status quo of federal non-enforcement will continue for the foreseeable future; however, increased enforcement would be a marked departure from the prior ten years and inconsistent with President Trump’s purported views on cannabis.
Furthermore, while industry observers are hopeful that there will continue to be incremental federal cannabis policy reform, we cannot provide assurances about the content, timing or chances of passage of a bill legalizing cannabis. In recent years, members of the U.S. Congress from both parties have introduced bills to end the federal cannabis prohibition, by de-scheduling cannabis completely and regulating it, as well as incremental reform bills, including the “Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol
Research Expansion Act” described above. Since the recent election, however, there has also been proposed anti-cannabis legislation, for example, a bill aiming to ensure 280E continues to apply to state cannabis businesses even if cannabis is ultimately rescheduled to schedule III. Nevertheless, the timing of federal reform remains unknown, it is expected that federal policy on cannabis will continue becoming more, rather than less, permissive, and legislative efforts to legalize cannabis banking at the national level are likely to continue in 2025. We cannot predict the timing of any change in federal law or possible changes in federal enforcement. In the unlikely event that the federal government were to reverse its long-standing hands-off approach to the state legal cannabis markets and start more broadly enforcing federal law regarding cannabis, we would likely be unable to execute our business plan, and our business and financial results would be adversely affected.
Our business and our clients are subject to a variety of U.S. and foreign laws regarding financial transactions related to cannabis, which could subject our clients to legal claims or otherwise adversely affect our business.
We and our clients are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States regarding financial transactions. Violations of the U.S. anti-money laundering (“AML”) laws require proceeds from enumerated criminal activity, which includes trafficking in cannabis in violation of the CSA. Financial institutions that both we and our clients rely on are subject to the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the USA Patriot Act. In Canada, the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (Canada), as amended and the rules and regulations thereunder and the Criminal Code (Canada) apply. The penalties for violation of these laws include imprisonment, substantial fines and forfeiture.
In 2014, the DOJ under the Obama administration directed federal prosecutors to exercise restraint in prosecuting AML violations arising in the state legal cannabis programs and to consider the federal enforcement priorities enumerated in the Cole Memo when determining whether to charge institutions or individuals based upon cannabis-related activity. Around the same time, the Treasury Department issued guidance that clarified how financial institutions can provide services to cannabis-related businesses, consistent with financial institutions’ obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act. Then-Attorney General Sessions’ rescission of the DOJ’s guidance on the state cannabis programs in early 2018 increased uncertainty and heightened the risk that federal law enforcement authorities could seek to pursue money laundering charges against entities, or individuals, engaged in supporting the cannabis industry. On January 31, 2018, the Treasury Department issued additional guidance that the 2014 Guidance would remain in place until further notice, despite the rescission of the DOJ’s earlier guidance memoranda. A detailed description of current U.S. policy and the legal status of cannabis, including President Trump’s prior lack of action against cannabis and his current stance on cannabis, can be found in the “U.S. and Territories” section.
We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States, Canada and elsewhere that prohibit money laundering, including the Proceeds of Crime and Terrorist Financing Act (Canada) and the Money Laundering Control Act (U.S.), as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by governmental authorities in the United States, Canada or any other jurisdiction in which we have business operations or to which we export our offerings. If any of our clients’ business activities, any dividends or distributions therefrom, or any profits or revenue accruing thereby are found to be in violation of money laundering statutes, our clients could be subject to criminal liability and significant penalties and fines. Any violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, by our clients could disrupt our operations and involve significant management distraction and expenses. As a result, a significant number of our clients facing money laundering charges could materially affect our business, operations and financial condition. Additionally, proceeds from our clients’ business activities, including payments we have received from those clients, could be subject to seizure or forfeiture if they are found to be illegal proceeds of a crime transmitted in violation of anti-money laundering laws, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Finally, if any of our clients are found to be violating the above statutes, this could have a material adverse effect on their ability to access or maintain financial services, as discussed in detail below, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are dependent on our banking relations, and we may have difficulty accessing or consistently maintaining banking or other financial services due to our connection with the cannabis industry.
Although we do not grow or sell cannabis products, our general connection with the cannabis industry may hamper our efforts to do business or establish collaborative relationships with others that may fear disruption or increased regulatory scrutiny of their own activities.
We are dependent on the banking industry to support the financial functions of our products and solutions. Our business operating functions including payroll for our employees and other expenses are reliant on traditional banking. Additionally, many of our clients pay us via wire transfer to our bank accounts, or via checks that we deposit into our banks. We require access to banking services for both us and our clients to receive payments in a timely manner. Lastly, to the extent we rely on any lines of credit, these could be affected by our relationships with financial institutions and could be jeopardized if we lose access to a bank account. Important components of our offerings depend on client accounts and relationships, which in turn depend on banking functions. Most federal and federally-insured state banks currently do not serve businesses that grow and sell cannabis products on the stated ground that growing and selling cannabis is illegal under federal law, even though the Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”), issued guidelines to banks in February 2014 that
clarified how financial institutions can provide services to cannabis-related businesses, consistent with financial institutions’ obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act. While the federal government has generally not initiated financial crimes prosecutions against state-law compliant cannabis companies or their vendors, the government theoretically could, at least against companies in the adult-use markets. The continued uncertainty surrounding financial transactions related to cannabis activities and the subsequent risks this uncertainty presents to financial institutions may result in their discontinuing services to the cannabis industry or limit their ability to provide services to the cannabis industry or ancillary businesses providing services to the cannabis industry.
As a result of federal-level illegality and the risk that providing services to state-licensed cannabis businesses poses to banks, cannabis-related businesses face difficulties accessing banks that will provide services to them. When cannabis businesses are able to find a bank that will provide services, they face extensive client due diligence in light of complex state regulatory requirements and guidance from FinCEN, and these reviews may be time-consuming and costly, potentially creating additional barriers to financial services for, and imposing additional compliance requirements on, us and our clients. FinCEN requires a party in trade or business to file with the IRS, a Form 8300 report within 15 days of receiving a cash payment of over $10,000. While we receive very few cash payments for the products we sell, if we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, the imposition of a substantial penalty could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We cannot assure that our strategies and techniques for designing our products and solutions for our clients will operate effectively and efficiently and not be adversely impacted by any refusal or reluctance of banks to serve businesses that grow and sell cannabis products. A change in banking regulations or a change in the position of the banking industry that permits banks to serve businesses that grow and sell cannabis products may increase competition for us, facilitate new entrants into the industry offering products or solutions similar to those that we offer, or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations. Also, the inability of potential clients in our target market to open accounts and otherwise use the services of banks or other financial institutions may make it difficult for us to conduct business, including receiving payments in a timely manner.
We do not sell cannabis, or products that contain cannabis; accordingly, our company is not part of the cannabis industry that generally has been restricted from using federal and federally insured banks. However, because of “weed” in our name and the fact that our revenue is generated largely from companies licensed as operators in the cannabis industry, banks have and may continue to consider us to be subject to banking restrictions related to cannabis. If we were to lose any of our banking relationships or fail to secure additional banking relationships in the future, we could experience difficulty and incur increased costs in the administration of our business, paying our employees, accepting payments from clients, each of which may adversely affect our reputation or results of operations. Additionally, the closure of many or one of our bank accounts due to a bank’s reluctance to provide services to a business working with state legal cannabis businesses would require significant management attention from us and could materially adversely affect our business and operations. In addition to banks and financial institutions, merchant processors may take a similar view of the risks of working with us since we provide services to cannabis businesses, and loss of any of our merchant processor relationships could have similar results. Moreover, Visa and Mastercard currently prohibit processing of transactions involving the sale of cannabis on their networks, and Mastercard has reportedly issued cease-and-desist letters to certain banks and payment processors to stop allowing such transactions on its debit cards. Although consumers cannot currently purchase products on the Weedmaps marketplace and we do not currently use, nor have we historically used, any of our merchant processing relationships to process payments for cannabis transactions, to the extent Visa or Mastercard extend these restrictions to cannabis-related businesses, our merchant processing relationships could be terminated, or we could be prevented from processing any Visa or Mastercard transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Furthermore, our clients may be adversely impacted by Visa’s or Mastercard’s policies, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Participating in transactions involving proceeds derived from cannabis may constitute criminal money laundering.
Participating in transactions involving proceeds derived from cannabis may constitute criminal money laundering. It is a federal crime to engage in certain transactions involving the proceeds of a “specified unlawful activity” (a “SUA”) when those transactions are designed to promote an underlying SUA, or conceal the source of the funds. Violations of the CSA and violations of a state’s laws may be deemed to be SUAs. In the event that any of our investments, or any proceeds thereof, any dividends or distributions therefrom, or any profits or revenues were found to be in violation of anti-money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions may be viewed as proceeds of crime under one or more of statutes of the United States or any other applicable jurisdiction. This could restrict or otherwise jeopardize our ability to declare or pay dividends, effect other distributions, or subsequently require us to repatriate such funds back to the United States from Canada or other foreign jurisdictions.
If any of our clients’ business activities, any dividends or distributions therefrom, or any profits or revenue accruing thereby are found to be in violation of money laundering statutes, we and our investors could be subject to criminal liability and significant penalties and fines. Any violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations could disrupt our operations and involve significant management distraction and expenses. Facing money laundering charges could materially affect our business, operations and financial condition. Additionally, proceeds from our clients’ business activities, if found to be in violation of
anti-money laundering laws, could subject payments we have received from those clients to seizure or forfeiture, if they are found to be illegal proceeds of a crime committed by a client, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our investors. Finally, if we or any of our clients are found to be violating the above statutes, this could have a material adverse effect on our ability to access or maintain financial services, as discussed in detail below, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business.
We may have difficulty using bankruptcy courts due to our involvement in the regulated cannabis industry.
We currently have no need or plans to seek bankruptcy protection. U.S. courts have held that debtors whose income is derived from cannabis or cannabis assets in violation of the CSA cannot seek federal bankruptcy protections. Although we are not in the business of growing or processing cannabis or selling or even possessing cannabis or cannabis products, a U.S. court could determine that our revenue is derived from cannabis or cannabis assets and prevent us from obtaining bankruptcy protections if necessary.
The conduct of third parties may jeopardize our business.
We cannot guarantee that our systems, protocols and practices will prevent all unauthorized or illegal activities by our clients. Our success depends in part on our clients’ ability to operate consistently with the regulatory and licensing requirements of each state, local and regional jurisdiction in which they operate. We have a dedicated Policy & Compliance Operations team that reviews cannabis license information for operational cannabis retail clients, both on submission and on an ongoing basis, to ensure validity and accuracy. We require all operational cannabis retailer clients, including storefronts and delivery services, to display on their WMH listing a valid, unexpired state-issued license number. For certain of our products or services, we request additional verification and documentation. We cannot ensure that the conduct of our clients, who are third parties, and their actions could expose them to legal sanctions and costs, which would in turn, adversely affect our business and operations.
The conduct of third parties may jeopardize our regulatory compliance.
While we are a technology company, not a cannabis licensee, and as such, are not subject to commercial cannabis regulations that apply to cannabis operators, we cannot guarantee that our systems, protocols and practices will prevent any and all unauthorized or illegal activities by our clients. Our success depends in part on our clients’ ability to operate consistently with the regulatory and licensing requirements of each state, local and regional jurisdiction in which they operate. Despite the procedures and protocols in place for license verification by our Policy & Compliance Operations team, any non-compliance by our clients could put our business at risk, as discussed herein, and could also subject us to potential actions by state regulators, to the extent they could be applied to technology service providers, which could materially adversely affect our business, operations, financial condition, brand and reputation.
FDA regulation of adult-use and medical-use cannabis, as well as e-cigarettes and other vaping products, could negatively affect the cannabis industry, which would directly affect our financial condition.
Should the federal government legalize cannabis for adult-use and/or medical-use, it is possible that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) would seek to regulate it under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938, as it has with federally legal hemp. Additionally, the FDA may issue rules and regulations including certified good manufacturing practices related to the growth, cultivation, harvesting and processing of adult-use and medical-use cannabis. Clinical trials may be needed to verify efficacy and safety. It is also possible that the FDA would require that facilities where adult-use and medical-use cannabis is grown register with the FDA and comply with certain federally prescribed regulations.
In the event that some or all of these regulations are imposed, we do not know what the impact would be on the adult-use and medical-use cannabis industry, including what costs, requirements and possible prohibitions may be enforced. If our clients are unable to comply with any new rules, regulations or registration as prescribed by the FDA, or are unable to do so in a cost-effective manner, our clients may be unable to continue to operate their respective business in its current form, or at all, which may also result in our clients being unable to continue engaging our technology services.
Synthetic or hemp-derived products may compete with cannabis use and products.
The hemp and pharmaceutical industry may attempt to compete with or dominate the cannabis industry, and in particular, legal cannabis, through the development and distribution of hemp-derived containing intoxicating doses of THC or other cannabinoids (e.g., delta-8-THC) or derivative/synthetic products (e.g., THC-O) which emulate or even magnify the psychoactive effects of cannabis. Since the passage of the Farm Bill over six years ago, the hemp product market, and beverage market, in particular, has exploded - with 2024 sales for all hemp THC products projected to reach $3.5 billion and a path toward $4.4 billion by 2029. If such products continue to be successful, the widespread popularity of such products could continue to negatively impact the demand, volume and profitability of the cannabis industry. This could adversely affect the ability of our cannabis clients to secure long-term profitability and success.
Products made with intoxicating cannabinoids from industrial hemp have several competitive advantages over similar cannabis derived products. Utilizing the legality of industrial hemp under U.S. federal law, many such products are available for sale
through unlicensed channels and are shipped in interstate commerce. Such products are increasingly available direct-to-consumer or at brick and mortar stores such as gas stations and convenience stores (often without age verification or other safeguards). While some states have attempted to prohibit or regulate such products, the requirements are much less onerous than for cannabis-licensees, and enforcement against manufacturers of such products have been limited. Furthermore, because testing standards are less rigorous or sometimes non-existent, hemp-derived products could have negative health consequences which consumers then generalize to cannabis products.
Additionally, some hemp companies sell hemp-derived THC products with state authorization. Hemp THC beverages, for example, are now expressly legal in several states, where they can be sold in liquor stores, restaurants and grocery stores. Given the similar intoxicating effects to cannabis-derived THC, which is an illegal substance under the CSA, the ease of acquiring such products, and its substantially lower price point, patients and consumers may choose to consume hemp-derived products in lieu of cannabis-derived products. In light of the substantial investment our clients have made and continue to make in state-licensed cannabis facilities, the widespread use of hemp-derived THC or synthetic products could adversely impact our clients, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We believe that Section 230(c)(1) of the Communications Decency Act (“CDA”) provides immunity from civil and state criminal liability, but it is possible that it does not.
We believe that Section 230(c)(1) provides immunity from civil and state criminal liability to internet service provider intermediaries in the United States, such as us, for content provided on their platforms that they did not create or develop. We do not create or develop the information that appears on our clients’ listing pages and advertising placements, although our moderation teams may take down a client’s information if it breaches our listing restrictions or admonish consumers who post reviews that violate our community terms of use (which, for example, prohibit profanity and racism). We do author and edit certain original content that appears in other sections of our website, such as WM News, WM Learn and WM Policy. All of these sections are general news and information, and none of these sections are advertisements for, or listing pages of, cannabis businesses, except in limited circumstances related to descriptions of certain cannabis strains. For additional information about Section 230, see the section titled “Risk Factors-Risks Related to our Business and Industry.” Our clients are subject to licensing and related requirements under applicable laws and regulations, and our own compliance policies, and some of our clients currently and in the future may not be in compliance with all such requirements. Despite our belief that we are protected by Section 230, it is possible that we are not, which would subject us to legal, business and operational risks. In addition, there have been various Congressional efforts to restrict the scope of the protections available to online platforms under Section 230 of the CDA, and our current protections from liability for third-party content in the United States could decrease or change. We could incur significant costs investigating and defending such claims and, if we are found liable, significant damages. We could also face fines or orders restricting or blocking our services in particular geographies as a result of content hosted on our services. For example, recently enacted legislation in Germany may impose significant fines for failure to comply with certain content removal and disclosure obligations.
We may continue to be subject to constraints on marketing our products.
Certain of the states in which we operate have enacted strict regulations regarding marketing and sales activities on cannabis products, which could affect our cannabis retail clients’ demand for our listing and marketing services. There may be restrictions on sales and marketing activities of cannabis businesses imposed by government regulatory bodies that can hinder the development of our business and operating results because of the restrictions our clients face. If our clients are unable to effectively market our products and compete for market share, or if the costs of compliance with government legislation and regulation cannot be absorbed through increased selling prices for our products for our clients, this could hamper demand for our products and services from licensed cannabis retailers, which could result in a loss of revenue.
Cannabis businesses are subject to unfavorable U.S. tax treatment.
Until and unless cannabis is rescheduled to Schedule III, Section 280E of the Code may continue to apply to cannabis and does not allow any deduction or credit for any amount paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on business, other than costs of goods sold, if the business (or the activities which comprise the trade or business) consists of trafficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedules I and II of the CSA). The IRS has applied this provision to cannabis operations, prohibiting them from deducting expenses associated with cannabis businesses beyond costs of goods sold and asserting assessments and penalties for additional taxes owed. Section 280E may have a lesser impact on cannabis cultivation and manufacturing operations than on sales operations, which directly affects our clients, who are cannabis retailers. However, Section 280E and related IRS enforcement activity have had a significant impact on the operations of all cannabis companies. While the Section does not directly affect our Company, it lowers our clients’ profitability, and could result in decreased demand for our listing and marketing services. An otherwise profitable cannabis business may operate at a loss after taking into account its U.S. income tax expenses. This affects us because our sales and operating results could be adversely affected if our
clients decrease their marketing budgets and are operating on lower profit margins as a result of unfavorable treatment by the Code.
Service providers to cannabis businesses may also be subject to unfavorable U.S. tax treatment.
As discussed above, under Section 280E of the Code, no deduction or credit is allowed for any amount paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on business, other than costs of goods sold, if the business (or the activities which comprise the trade or business) consists of trafficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedules I and II of the CSA). The IRS has applied this provision to cannabis operations, prohibiting them from deducting expenses associated with cannabis businesses and asserting assessments and penalties for additional taxes owed. While we do believe that Section 280E does not apply to our business, or ancillary service providers that work with state-licensed cannabis businesses, if the IRS interprets the section to apply, it would significantly and materially affect our profitability and financial condition.
Cannabis businesses may be subject to civil asset forfeiture.
Any property owned by participants in the cannabis industry used in the course of conducting such business, or that represents proceeds of such business or is traceable to proceeds of such business, could be subject to seizure by law enforcement and subsequent civil asset forfeiture because of the illegality of the cannabis industry under federal law. Even if the owner of the property or the assets is never charged with a crime, the property in question could still be seized and subject to an administrative proceeding by which, with minimal due process, it could be subject to forfeiture. Forfeiture of assets of our cannabis business clients could adversely affect our revenues if it impedes their profitability or operations and our clients’ ability to continue to subscribe to our services.
Due to our involvement in the cannabis industry, we may have a difficult time obtaining the various insurances that are desired to operate our business, which may expose us to additional risk and financial liability.
Insurance that is otherwise readily available, such as general liability and directors’ and officers’ insurance, is more difficult for us to find and is more expensive or contains significant exclusions because our clients are cannabis industry participants. There are no guarantees that we will be able to find such insurance coverage in the future or that the cost will be affordable to us. If we are forced to go without such insurance coverage, it may prevent us from entering into certain business sectors, may inhibit our growth, and may expose us to additional risk and financial liabilities. If we experience an uninsured loss, it may result in loss of anticipated cash flow and could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and business.
There may be difficulty enforcing certain of our commercial agreements and contracts.
Courts will not enforce a contract deemed to involve a violation of law or public policy. Because cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law, parties to contracts involving the state legal cannabis industry have argued that the agreement was void as federally illegal or against public policy. Some courts have accepted this argument in certain cases, usually against the company trafficking in cannabis. While courts have enforced contracts related to activities by state-legal cannabis companies, and the trend is generally to enforce contracts with state-legal cannabis companies and their vendors, there remains doubt and uncertainty that we will be able to enforce our commercial agreements in court for this reason. We cannot be assured that we will have a remedy for breach of contract, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
Certain of our directors, officers, employees and investors who are not U.S. citizens may face constraints on cross-border travel into the United States.
Because cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law, non-U.S. citizens employed at or investing in companies doing business in the state legal cannabis industry could face detention, denial of entry or lifetime bans from the United States for their business associations with cannabis businesses. Entry to the United States happens at the sole discretion of the officers on duty of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”), and these officers have wide latitude to ask questions to determine the admissibility of a foreign national. The government of Canada warns travelers on its website that previous use of cannabis, or any substance prohibited by U.S. federal laws, could mean denial of entry to the United States. Business or financial involvement in the legal cannabis industry in Canada or in the United States could also be grounds for U.S. border guards to deny entry. On September 21, 2018, CBP released a statement outlining its current position with respect to enforcement of the laws of the United States. It stated that Canada’s legalization of cannabis will not change CBP enforcement of U.S. laws regarding controlled substances and because cannabis continues to be a controlled substance under U.S. federal law, working in or facilitating the proliferation of the legal marijuana industry in U.S. states where it is deemed legal or in Canada may affect admissibility to the United States. CBP updated its stated policy on October 9, 2018 to clarify that a Canadian citizen coming to the United States for reasons unrelated to the cannabis industry will generally be admissible to the United States.
As a result, CBP has affirmed that employees, directors, officers, managers and investors of companies involved in business activities related to cannabis in the United States or Canada (such as us), who are not U.S. citizens, face the risk of being barred from entry into the United States for life. On October 9, 2018, CBP released an additional policy statement indicating that Canadian citizens working in or facilitating the proliferation of the legal cannabis industry in Canada, if travelling to the United
States for reasons unrelated to the cannabis industry, will generally be admissible. However, if the traveler is found to be entering into the United States for reasons related to the cannabis industry, he or she may be deemed inadmissible. Ultimately, travel restrictions imposed on our directors, officers, employees and investors could impair our ability to conduct business and to freely explore new strategic relationships.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
Concentration of ownership among our existing executive officers, directors and their respective affiliates may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
As of December 31, 2024, our affiliates, executive officers, directors and their respective affiliates as a group beneficially own approximately 22.4% of our outstanding Class A Common Stock and Class V Common Stock. As a result, these stockholders are able to exercise a significant level of control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our Certificate of Incorporation and approval of significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us or changes in management and will make the approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without the support of these stockholders.
Public statements from investors, including expressions of interest or proposals to purchase our company, may increase the volatility of, or otherwise have an adverse impact on, the market price of our Class A common stock.
From time to time, investors or other market participants may make public statements recommending strategies for our company. In some cases, these statements are in the form of expressions of interest or proposals to purchase or acquire our company or significant portions of our stock. While we do not typically comment on or disclose investor recommendations or expressions of interest, any public disclosures made by us or others related to such expressions of interest or proposals could have a material impact on our stock price, even in the absence of any determination by our board of directors to pursue them. Any disclosures related to any offers, communications, or proposals, or the commencement of any litigation related to any such matters, or the withdrawal or modification of such offers, communications, or proposals, could have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
We are a “smaller reporting company” under the U.S. federal securities laws, and the reduced reporting requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are a “smaller reporting company” under U.S. federal securities laws. For as long as we continue to be a smaller reporting company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. Investors may not find our common stock attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of Class A Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors may need to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.
Our Certificate of Incorporation designates specific courts as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit the ability of our stockholders to obtain a favorable forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our Certificate of Incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against current or former directors, officers or other employees for breach of fiduciary duty, other similar actions, any other action as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and any action or proceeding concerning the validity of our Certificate of Incorporation or our Bylaws may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, any state court located in the State of Delaware or, if and only if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the U.S. shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. This provision may limit the ability of our stockholders to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such stockholder finds favorable for disputes with us and our directors, officers or other employees and may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers and other employees. Furthermore, our stockholders may be subject to increased costs to
bring these claims, and the exclusive forum provision could have the effect of discouraging claims or limiting investors’ ability to bring claims in a judicial forum that they find favorable.
In addition, the enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with one or more actions or proceedings described above, a court could rule that this provision in our Certificate of Incorporation is inapplicable or unenforceable. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid and several state trial courts have enforced such provisions and required that suits asserting Securities Act claims be filed in federal court, there is no guarantee that courts of appeal will affirm the enforceability of such provisions, and a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions. In such an instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to be effective immediately prior to the closing of this offering. This may require significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions and there can be no assurance that the provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. If a court were to find either exclusive forum provision in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with litigating Securities Act claims in state court, or both state and federal court, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees.
Sale of a substantial number of our shares in the public market could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Class A Common Stock. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our Class A Common Stock and the public warrants originally issued in the initial public offering of Silver Spike (the “Public Warrants”).
To the extent the Public Warrants or other exercisable securities are exercised, additional shares of our Class A Common Stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of our Class A Common Stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales, or the potential sales, of substantial numbers of shares in the public market by the selling security holders could increase the volatility of the market price of our Class A Common Stock or adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
We may issue additional shares of Class A Common Stock or preferred stock, including under our equity incentive plan. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our stockholders and likely present other risks.
We may issue a substantial number of additional shares of Class A Common Stock or preferred stock, including under our equity incentive plan. Any such issuances of additional shares of Class A Common Stock or preferred stock:
•may significantly dilute the equity interests of our investors;
•may subordinate the rights of holders of Class A Common Stock if preferred stock is issued with rights senior to those afforded our Class A Common Stock;
•could cause a change in control if a substantial number of shares of our Class A Common Stock are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and
•may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Class A Common Stock and/or Warrants.
The trading price of our Class A Common Stock and the Public Warrants have been, and may continue to be, volatile, and the value of our Class A Common Stock and Warrants may decline.
The market price of our Class A Common Stock and the Public Warrants have been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results;
• changes in projected operational and financial results;
• the development, effects and enforcement of and changes to laws and regulations, including with respect to the cannabis and hemp industries;
• the commencement or conclusion of legal proceedings that involve us;
• actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors;
• announcements of new products or services by us or our competitors;
• announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, or joint ventures;
• capital-raising activities or commitments;
• issuance of new or updated research or reports by securities analysts;
• the use by investors or analysts of third-party data regarding our business that may not reflect our financial performance;
• fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;
• sales of our securities, including short selling of our securities;
• share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares;
• general economic and market conditions; and
• other events or factors, including those resulting from civil unrest, war, foreign invasions, terrorism, or public health crises, or responses to such events.
Furthermore, the stock markets frequently experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, elections, interest rate changes, or international currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of our Class A Common Stock and the Public Warrants. As a result of such fluctuations, you may not realize any return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation or derivative litigation. For example, stockholders have filed or threatened to file derivative lawsuits, purportedly on our behalf, in the past and may do so in the future. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns.
In the past we have not met, and may in the future not comply with, the listing standards of Nasdaq, and as a result our Class A Common Stock may be delisted. Delisting could adversely affect the liquidity of our Class A Common Stock and the market price of our Class A Common Stock could decrease.
Our Class A Common Stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, which has minimum requirements that a company must meet in order to remain listed. These requirements include maintaining a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share, which closing bid price cannot fall below $1.00 per share for a period of more than 30 consecutive business days. For example, on October 9, 2024, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive trading days, the closing bid price for our Class A Common Stock was below $1.00 per share, (the “Notice”). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until April 7, 2025, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement, which we did, and Nasdaq provided us written confirmation of compliance on December 3, 2024. We received such letters and achieved compliance twice prior to October 9, 2024, and may again in the future.
There can be no assurance that we will remain in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. In the event that our Class A Common Stock is delisted from Nasdaq as a result of our failure to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement through the various methods permitted under the Nasdaq rules, trading of our Class A Common Stock could be conducted in the over-the-counter market or on an electronic bulletin board established for unlisted securities such as the Pink Sheets or the OTC Bulletin Board, but there can be no assurance that our Class A Common Stock will be eligible for trading on such alternative exchange or market.
Additionally, if our Class A Common Stock is delisted from Nasdaq, the liquidity of our Class A Common Stock would be adversely affected, the market price of our Class A Common Stock could decrease, our ability to obtain sufficient additional capital to fund our operations and transactions in our Class A Common Stock could lose federal preemption of state securities laws. Furthermore, there could also be a further reduction in our coverage by securities analysts and the news media and broker-dealers may be deterred from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our Class A Common Stock, which could cause the price of our Class A Common Stock to decline further. Moreover, delisting may also negatively affect our clients’, customers’ and employees’ confidence in us and employee morale.
General Risk Factors
The impact of global, regional or local economic and market conditions may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our performance is subject to global economic conditions and economic conditions in one or more of our key markets, which impact spending by our clients and consumers. A majority of our clients are small and medium-sized businesses that operate
one or two retail locations, and their access to capital, liquidity and other financial resources is constrained due to the regulatory restrictions applicable to cannabis businesses. As a result, these clients have been and may be further disproportionately affected by economic downturns.
Clients may choose to allocate their spending to items other than our platform, especially during economic downturns. Economic conditions may also adversely impact retail sales of cannabis. Declining retail sales of cannabis could result in our clients going out of business or deciding to stop using our platform to conserve financial resources. Negative economic conditions may also affect third parties with whom we have entered into relationships and upon whom we depend in order to grow our business.
Furthermore, economic downturns could also lead to limitations on our ability to obtain debt or equity financing on favorable terms or at all, reduced liquidity, decreases in the market price of our securities, decreases in the fair market value of our financial or other assets, and write-downs of and increased credit and collectability risk on our trade receivables, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
We have incurred increased costs and administrative burden as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will continue to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. As a public company, we are subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”), as well as rules adopted, and to be adopted, by the SEC and Nasdaq.
The requirements of these rules and regulations increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems, and resources. The additional reporting and other obligations imposed by these rules and regulations have increased legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, accounting and administrative activities. These increased costs require us to divert a significant amount of money that could otherwise be used to expand the business and achieve strategic objectives. In addition, our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives, and as such our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs, and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.
Furthermore, if any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, our identification of material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting and any additional material weaknesses or significant deficiency in the internal control over financial reporting that we or our independent registered public accounting firm may identify in the future), we could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of it. In addition, we determined to restate our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023, six months ended June 30, 2023 and nine months ended September 30, 2023 after we identified errors in the application of our revenue recognition policies related to the cash collection of a certain subset of our customers that had been placed on a cash basis. As a result of this error and the resulting restatement of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the impacted periods, we have incurred, and may continue to incur, unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees in connection with or related to the restatement.
In addition, it may also be more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly members who can serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers. We cannot predict or estimate the amount or timing of additional costs it may incur to respond to these requirements.
Our employees and independent contractors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, which could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees and independent contractors may engage in misconduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless or negligent conduct or other activities that violate laws and
regulations, including production standards, U.S. federal and state fraud, abuse, data privacy and security laws, other similar non-U.S. laws or laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. In addition, we are subject to the risk that a person or government could allege such fraud or other misconduct, even if none occurred. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results, including, without limitation, the imposition of significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgement, integrity oversight and reporting obligations to resolve allegations of non-compliance, imprisonment, other sanctions, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Certain securities and industry analysts may not publish, have in the past ceased publishing, or may in the future cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or may adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A Common Stock, which could cause the price and trading volume of our Class A Common Stock to decline.
The trading market for our Class A Common Stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our Class A Common Stock would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease their coverage or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of our directors and executive officers.
We have agreed to indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. Accordingly, any indemnification provided will be able to be satisfied by us only if we have sufficient funds. Our obligation to indemnify our officers and directors may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders. Furthermore, a shareholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We currently maintain our executive offices and headquarters at 41 Discovery, Irvine, California 92618, pursuant to an operating lease that expires in 2030. We also have office spaces in Los Angeles, California, Denver, Colorado and Austin, Texas.
We consider our current office space adequate to meet our ongoing needs. However, from time to time we may evaluate additional or substitute office spaces. We believe that we will be able to obtain additional facilities, as needed, on commercially reasonable terms.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information set forth under "Commitment and Contingencies-Litigation" in Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our Class A Common Stock and Public Warrants are currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “MAPS” and “MAPSW”, respectively. As of March 5, 2025, there were 105,028,513 shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding and 49,319,542 shares of our Class V common stock (the “Class V Common Stock”) issued and outstanding. No market exists for the Class V Common Stock.
Holders of Record
As of March 5, 2025, there were 106 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock, 12 holders of record of our Class V Common Stock and 2 holders of record of our Public Warrants.
Dividend Policy
We have not paid any cash dividends on the Class A Common Stock or Class V Common Stock to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant and will be within the discretion of our board of directors at such time. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Information about our equity compensation plans in Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Offerings
There have been no recent sales of unregistered securities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 701 of Regulation S-K.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. Reserved

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of WM Technology, Inc. should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as the discussion under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and included herein.
For further discussion of our products and services, growth strategy, challenges in our end-markets and competitive strengths, see “Item 1. Business.” Unless stated otherwise, the comparisons presented in this discussion and analysis refer to the year-over-year comparison of changes in our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Highlights
•Revenues were $184.5 million as compared to $188.0 million in the prior year.
•Average monthly paying clients was 5,077, as compared to 5,419 in the prior year.
•Average monthly revenues per paying client was $3,029, as compared to $2,891 in the prior year.
•Net income was $12.2 million as compared to net loss of $15.7 million in the prior year.
•Adjusted EBITDA was $42.9 million as compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $36.9 million in the prior year.
•Cash totaled $52.0 million as of December 31, 2024, with no long-term debt.
For further information about how we calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as well as limitations of its use and a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), see “Net Income (Loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA” in Non-GAAP Financial Measurements below.
Overview
Founded in 2008, and headquartered in Irvine, California, WM Technology, Inc. operates a leading online cannabis marketplace for consumers together with a comprehensive set of eCommerce and compliance software solutions for cannabis businesses, which are sold to both storefront locations and delivery operators (“retailers”) and brands in the legalized cannabis markets in states and territories of the United States. Our comprehensive business-to-consumer and business-to-business suite of products afford cannabis retailers and brands of all sizes integrated tools to compliantly run their businesses and to reach, convert, and retain consumers.
Our business primarily consists of our commerce-driven marketplace (“Weedmaps”), and our fully integrated suite of end-to-end Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) solutions software offering (“Weedmaps for Business”). The Weedmaps marketplace is a premier destination for cannabis consumers to discover and browse information regarding cannabis and cannabis products with 5,077 average monthly paying clients during the year ended December 31, 2024, on the supply-side of our marketplace. These paying clients include retailers, brands and other client types (such as doctors). Further, these clients, who can choose to purchase multiple listings solutions for each business, had purchased approximately 8,700 listing pages as of December 31, 2024.
We sell our Weedmaps for Business suite in the United States and have a limited number of non-monetized listings in several other countries including Austria, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and Uruguay. We operate in the United States, Canada and other foreign jurisdictions where medical and/or adult cannabis use is legal under state or national law. As of December 31, 2024, we actively operated in over 35 U.S. states and territories that have adult-use and/or medical-use regulations in place. Substantially all of our revenue was generated in the United States during the periods presented. We define actively operated markets as those U.S. states or territories with greater than $1,000 monthly revenue.
Our mission is to power a transparent and inclusive global cannabis economy. Our technology addresses the challenges facing both consumers seeking to understand cannabis products and businesses who serve cannabis users in a legally compliant fashion. Since our founding in 2008, Weedmaps has become a premier destination for cannabis consumers to discover and browse information regarding cannabis and cannabis products, permitting product discovery and order-ahead for pickup or delivery by participating retailers. Weedmaps for Business is a set of eCommerce-enablement tools designed to help retailers and brands get the best out of the Weedmaps’ consumer experience, create labor efficiencies and manage compliance needs.
As we continue to expand the presence and increase the number of consumers on the Weedmaps marketplace and broaden our offerings, we generate more value for our business clients. As we continue to expand the presence and increase the number of cannabis businesses listed on weedmaps.com, we become a more compelling marketplace for consumers. To capitalize on the growth opportunities of our two-sided marketplace and solutions, we plan to continue making investments in raising brand awareness, increasing penetration within existing markets and expanding to new markets, as well as continuing to develop and monetize new solutions to extend the functionality of our platform. These investments serve to deepen the consumer experience with our platform and continue to provide a high level of support to our business clients.
In December 31, 2024, we completed the sunset of WM AdSuite, WM CRM and WM Screens product offerings as we continue to focus our efforts on other Weedmaps for Business products that support the Weedmaps marketplace and improve the eCommerce experience for our clients and users.
Key Operating and Financial Metrics
We monitor the following key financial and operational metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans and make strategic decisions. The following table summarizes our financial performance for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to our financial performance for the years ended December 31, 2023. For a detailed discussion of our results of operations, see “Results of Operations” below.
Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(dollars in thousands, except for revenue per paying client)
Revenues
$ 184,514 $ 187,993
Net income (loss) $ 12,187 $ (15,727)
EBITDA(1)
$ 25,089 $ (3,534)
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$ 42,919 $ 36,907
Average monthly revenues per paying client(2)
$ 3,029 $ 2,891
Average monthly paying clients(3)
5,077 5,419
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(1)For further information about how we calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as well as limitations of its use and a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), see “Net Income (Loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA” in Non-GAAP Financial Measurements below.
(2)Average monthly revenues per paying client is defined as the average monthly revenues for any particular period divided by the average monthly paying clients in the same respective period. Average monthly revenues per paying client is calculated in the same manner as our previously-reported “Average monthly net revenue per paying client,” and the description of the metric is being updated solely because we changed the reporting line item from “Net revenue” to “Revenue”. See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates-Revenue Recognition” below and “Basis of Presentation” and “Revenue Recognition” of Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(3)Average monthly paying clients are defined as the average of the number of paying clients billed in a month across a particular period (and for which services were provided).
Average Monthly Revenues Per Paying Client
Average monthly revenues per paying client measures how much clients, for the period of measurement, are willing to pay us for our subscription and additional offerings and the efficiency of the bid-auction process for our featured listings placements (“Featured Listings”). We calculate this metric by dividing the average monthly revenues for any particular period by the average monthly number of paying clients in the same respective period. The increase in our average monthly revenues per paying client for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared 2023 to was due to sunset of certain products in December 2023, which had lower average monthly spending clients.
Average Monthly Paying Clients
We define average monthly paying clients as the monthly average of clients billed each month over a particular period (and for which services were provided). Our paying clients include both individual cannabis businesses as well as retail websites or businesses within a larger organization that have independent relationships with us, many of whom are owned by holding companies where decision-making is decentralized such that purchasing decisions are made, and relationships with us are located, at a lower organizational level. In addition, any client may choose to purchase multiple listing solutions for each of their retail websites or businesses.
Average monthly paying clients for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by approximately 6% to 5,077 average monthly paying clients from 5,419 average monthly paying clients in the same period in 2023. The decrease in average monthly paying clients in 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily due to the decrease in client count related to the sunset of certain products in December 2023 as well as the removal of paying clients from our platform who have become delinquent, and client churn due to continued industry challenges, such as price deflation and ongoing consolidation.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Net Income (Loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
Our financial statements, including net income (loss), are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For more information regarding the components within our net income (loss), refer to “Components of Our Results of Operations” below.
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $12.2 million compared with a net loss of $15.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in net income of $27.9 million was primarily due to a decrease in total costs and expenses of $36.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in revenues of $3.5 million, change in TRA liability of $1.5 million resulting from the remeasurement of the TRA liability, change in fair value of warrant liability of $1.5 million and a decrease in other income of $2.3 million.
To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, both of which are non-GAAP financial measures that we calculate as net income (loss) before interest, taxes and
depreciation and amortization expense in the case of EBITDA and further adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation, change in fair value of warrant liability, transaction related bonus, legal settlements and other legal costs, discharge of holdback obligation related to prior acquisition, reduction in force, asset impairment charges, change in TRA liability and other non-cash, unusual and/or infrequent costs in the case of Adjusted EBITDA. Below we have provided a reconciliation of net income (loss) (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) to EBITDA; and from EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA.
We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because these metrics are a key measure used by our management to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of investment capacity. Accordingly, we believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management.
Each of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider any of these non-GAAP financial measures in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are as follows:
•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;
•EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; and
•EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us.
Because of these limitations, you should consider EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including net income (loss) and our other GAAP results.
A reconciliation of net income (loss) to non-GAAP EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Net income (loss)
$ 12,187 $ (15,727)
Provision for income taxes
46 93
Depreciation and amortization expenses
13,278 12,133
Interest income, net
(422) (33)
EBITDA 25,089 (3,534)
Stock-based compensation 9,221 13,515
Change in fair value of warrant liability - (1,505)
Asset impairment charges - 24,403
Transaction related bonus expense - 3,089
Legal settlements and other legal costs (1)
5,836 3,194
Discharge of holdback obligation related to prior acquisition - (3,705)
Change in tax receivable agreement liability 2,773 1,256
Reduction in force expense - 194
Adjusted EBITDA $ 42,919 $ 36,907
1 Represents legal and advisory fees related to ongoing litigation related to shareholder derivative actions, the SEC enforcement matter and the SEC settlement for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. See Note 6, “Commitments and Contingencies” to our audited consolidated financial statements included herein.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
Growth of Our Two-Sided Weedmaps Marketplace
We have historically grown through and intend to focus on continuing to grow through the expansion of our two-sided marketplace, which occurs through growth of the number and type of businesses and consumers that we attract to our platform. We believe that expansion of the number and types of cannabis businesses that choose to list on our platform will continue to make our platform more compelling for consumers and drive traffic and consumer engagement, which in turn will make our platform more valuable to cannabis businesses.
Growth and Retention of Our Paying Clients
Our revenue grows primarily through acquiring and retaining paying clients and increasing the revenue per paying client over time. We have a history of attracting new paying clients and increasing their annual spend with us over time, primarily due to the value they receive once they are onboarded and able to take advantage of the benefits of participating in our two-sided marketplace and leveraging our software solutions.
Prices of certain commodity products, including gas prices, are historically volatile and subject to fluctuations arising from changes in domestic and international supply and demand, labor costs, competition, market speculation, government regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs, inflation, the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the current state of war between Israel and Hamas and the related risk of a larger regional conflict. Increasing prices in the component materials for the goods or services of our clients may impact their ability to maintain or increase their spend with us and their ability to pay their invoices on time. Rapid and significant changes in commodity prices may negatively affect our revenue if our clients are unable to mitigate inflationary increases through various customer pricing actions and cost reduction initiatives. This could also negatively impact our net dollar retention and our collections on accounts receivable.
Regulation and Maturation of Cannabis Markets
We believe that we will have significant opportunities for greater growth as more jurisdictions legalize cannabis for medical and/or adult-use and the regulatory environment continues to develop. Currently, forty states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam and the Northern Mariana have legalized some form of cannabis use for certain medical purposes. Twenty-four of those states, the District of Columbia, Guam and Northern Mariana have legalized cannabis for adults for non-medical purposes as well (sometimes referred to as adult or recreational use). Eight additional states have legalized forms of low-potency cannabis, for select medical conditions. Only two states continue to prohibit cannabis entirely. We intend to explore new expansion opportunities as additional jurisdictions legalize cannabis for medical or adult use and leverage our business model informed by our 16-year operating history to enter new markets.
We also have a significant opportunity to monetize transactions originating from users engaging with a retailer on the Weedmaps marketplace or tracked via one of our Weedmaps for Business solutions. Given U.S. federal prohibitions on plant-touching businesses and our current policy not to participate in the chain of commerce associated with the sale of cannabis products, we do not charge take-rates or payment fees for transactions originating from users who engage with a retailer on the Weedmaps platform or tracked via one of our Weedmaps for Business solutions. A change in U.S. federal regulations could result in our ability to engage in such monetization efforts without adverse consequences to our business. A change in U.S. federal regulations could also increase access to capital and remove limitations of Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, thus allowing deduction or credit for certain expenses of cannabis business to increase our cash flow and liquidity, as well as those of many industry participants.
Our long-term growth depends on our ability to successfully capitalize on new and existing cannabis markets. Each market must reach a critical mass of both cannabis businesses and consumers for listing subscriptions, advertising placements and other solutions to have meaningful appeal to potential clients. As regulated markets mature and as we incur expenses to attract paying clients and convert non-paying clients to paying clients, we may generate losses in new markets for an extended period.
Furthermore, we compete with cannabis-focused and general two-sided marketplaces, internet search engines, delivery companies and various other newspaper, television and media companies and other software providers. We expect competition to intensify in the future as the regulatory regime for cannabis becomes more settled and the legal market for cannabis becomes more accepted, which may encourage new participants to enter the market, including established companies with substantially greater financial, technical and other resources than existing market participants. Our current and future competitors may also enjoy other competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, more offerings and larger marketing budgets.
Brand Recognition and Reputation
We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand identity and our reputation is critical to maintaining and growing our relationships with clients and consumers and to our ability to attract new clients and consumers. Historically, a substantial majority of our marketing spending was on out-of-home advertising on billboards, buses and other non-digital outlets. Starting in 2019, consistent with the overall shift in perceptions regarding cannabis, a number of demand-side digital advertising platforms allowed us to advertise online. We also invested in growing our internal digital performance advertising team. We believe there is an opportunity to improve market efficiency through digital channels and expect to shift our marketing spending accordingly. Over the longer term, we expect to shift and accelerate our marketing spend to additional online and traditional channels, such as broadcast television or radio, as they become available to us. Further, we have begun reinvesting in our own on-the-ground and field marketing presence and are increasing the types and cadence of client events. These events and in-store activations allow Weedmaps to engage with consumers at the point of purchase and also afford Weedmaps with the opportunity to engage directly with our clients, understand their needs and challenges and foster goodwill.
Negative publicity, whether or not justified, relating to events or activities attributed to us, our employees, clients or others associated with any of these parties, may tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Given our high visibility and relatively long operating history compared to many of our competitors, we may be more susceptible to the risk of negative publicity. Damage to our reputation and loss of brand equity may reduce demand for our platform and have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, any attempts to rebuild our reputation and restore the value of our brand may be costly and time consuming, and such efforts may not ultimately be successful.
We also believe that the importance of our brand recognition and reputation will continue to increase as competition in our market continues to develop. If our brand promotion activities are not successful, our operating results and growth may be adversely impacted.
Investments in Growth
We intend to continue to make focused organic and inorganic investments to grow our revenue and scale operations to support that growth.
Given our long operating history in the United States and the strength of our network, often businesses will initially list on our platform without targeted sales or marketing efforts by us. However, we plan to accelerate our investments in marketing to maintain and increase our brand awareness through both online and offline channels. We also plan to invest in expanding our business listings thereby enhancing our client and consumer experience, and improving the depth and quality of information provided on our platform. We also intend to continue to invest in several areas to continue enhancing the functionality of our Weedmaps for Business offering. We expect significant near-term investments to enhance our data assets and evolve our current listings and software offerings to our brand clients, among other areas. We anticipate undertaking such investments in order to be positioned to capitalize on the rapidly expanding cannabis market.
As operating expenses and capital expenditures fluctuate over time, we may accordingly experience short-term, negative impacts to our operating results and cash flows.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Revenues
Our revenues are derived primarily from monthly subscriptions to Weedmaps for Business, featured and deal listings, other ad solutions and WM Dispatch. Our Weedmaps for Business subscriptions generally have one-month terms that automatically renew unless notice of cancellation is provided in advance. Featured and deal listings and other ad solutions are offered as add-on products to the Weedmaps for Business subscriptions. Featured and deal listings provide customers with premium placement ad solutions and discount and promotion pricing tools. Other ad solutions include banner ads and promotion tiles on our marketplace ad as well as other advertising products on and off the Weedmaps marketplace. We have a fixed inventory of featured listing and display advertising in each market, and price is generally determined through a competitive auction process that reflects local market demand. Revenues for these arrangements are recognized over-time, generally during a month-to-month subscription period as the products are provided. We rarely need to allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations. In the rare case that allocation of the transaction price is needed, we recognize revenue in proportion to the standalone selling prices of the underlying services at contract inception.
Costs and Expenses
Our cost structure has two components: cost of revenues and operating expenses. Our operating expenses include costs related to selling and marketing, product development, general and administrative functions and depreciation and amortization. Certain of our costs and expenses, including those associated with the operation of our technical infrastructure as well as components of our operating expenses, are generally less variable in nature and may not correlate to changes in revenue.
Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)
Cost of revenues excludes depreciation and amortization expense and primarily consists of web hosting, internet service and credit card processing costs. Cost of revenues is primarily driven by fluctuations in revenue leading to increases or decreases in credit card processing and web hosting cost. We expect our cost of revenue to continue to increase on an absolute basis and remain relatively flat as a percentage of revenue as we scale our business and inventory costs related to multi-media offerings.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses consist of salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation expense, travel expense and incentive compensation for our sales and marketing employees. In addition, sales and marketing expenses include customer acquisition marketing, events cost and branding and advertising costs. Over the longer term, we expect sales and marketing expense to increase in a manner consistent with revenue growth, however, we may experience fluctuations in some periods as we enter and develop new markets or have large one-time marketing projects.
Product Development Expenses
Product development costs consist of salaries and benefits and stock-based compensation expense for employees, including engineering and technical teams who are responsible for building new products, as well as maintaining and improving existing products. Product development costs that do not meet the criteria for capitalization are expensed as incurred. Amortization expense related to capitalized software development cost is included in depreciation, amortization and asset impairment expense in the consolidated statements of operations. We believe that continued investment in our platform is important for our growth and expect our product development expenses will increase in a manner consistent with revenue growth as our operations grow.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll, benefit costs and stock-based compensation expense for our employees involved in general corporate functions including our senior leadership team as well as costs associated with the use by these functions of software and facilities and equipment, such as rent, insurance and other occupancy expenses. General and administrative expenses also include provision (recovery) for credit losses and professional and outside services related to legal and other consulting services. General and administrative expenses are primarily driven by headcount required to support our business and meet our obligations as a public company. We expect general and administrative expenses to decline as percentage of revenue as we scale our business and leverage investments in these areas.
Depreciation and Amortization Expenses
Depreciation and amortization expenses primarily consist of depreciation on computer equipment, furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements, capitalized software development costs and amortization of intangibles. We expect depreciation and amortization expenses to increase on an absolute basis for the foreseeable future as we scale our business.
Asset Impairment Charges
Asset impairment charges primarily consist of impairment of ROU assets related to our operating leases, impairment of intangible assets, impairment of equity securities and impairment of property and equipment.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists primarily of gain resulting from the discharge of a holdback obligation related to a prior acquisition, change in fair value of warrant liability, TRA liability remeasurement, political contributions, interest income, interest expense, financing fees and other tax related expenses.
Provision for Income Taxes
We account for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method which requires the recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities related to the expected future tax consequences arising from temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities based on enacted statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Any effects of changes in income tax rates or laws are included in income tax expense in the period of enactment. A valuation allowance is recognized if we determine it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be recognized. In making such determination, we consider all available evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent and expected future results of operation. See Note 15, “Income Taxes,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Results of Operations
A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below. A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 can be found under Item.7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on May 24, 2024, as amended by Amendment No. 1, filed with the SEC on August 30, 2024, which are available free of charge on the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov and at our investor relations website, https://ir.weedmaps.com.
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented and expresses the relationship of certain line items as a percentage of revenues for those periods. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
Amount % Revenue
Amount % Revenue
(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenues $ 184,514 100.0 % $ 187,993 100.0 %
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) 9,019 4.9 % 12,527 6.7 %
Sales and marketing 40,424 21.9 % 47,073 25.0 %
Product development 36,426 19.7 % 36,001 19.2 %
General and administrative 70,619 38.3 % 74,313 39.5 %
Depreciation and amortization 13,278 7.2 % 12,133 6.5 %
Asset impairment charges - - % 24,403 13.0 %
Total costs and expenses 169,766 92.0 % 206,450 109.8 %
Operating income (loss) 14,748 8.0 % (18,457) (9.8) %
Other income (expenses), net
Change in fair value of warrant liability - - % 1,505 0.8 %
Change in tax receivable agreement liability (2,773) (1.5) % (1,256) (0.7) %
Other income 258 0.1 % 2,574 1.4 %
Income (loss) before income taxes 12,233 6.6 % (15,634) (8.3) %
Provision for income taxes 46 - % 93 - %
Net income (loss) 12,187 6.6 % (15,727) (8.4) %
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 4,548 2.5 % (5,829) (3.1) %
Net income (loss) attributable to WM Technology, Inc. $ 7,639 4.1 % $ (9,898) (5.3) %
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Revenues
The following table summarizes our disaggregated revenue information:
Years Ended December 31, Change
2024 2023 ($) (%)
(dollars in thousands)
Revenues
$ 184,514 $ 187,993 $ (3,479) (2) %
Revenues decreased by $3.5 million, or 2%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in revenue from our Featured Listings and WM Deal products of $11.5 million driven by our clients continuing to face constrained marketing budgets, the ongoing consolidation of our industry, specifically amongst our client base and a loss in revenue from products that were sunset in December 2023, partially offset by an increase in revenues from our Weedmaps for Business of $7.4 million driven by favorable pricing changes.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, Featured Listings, WM Deal products, Weedmaps for Business and other ad solutions represented approximately 63%, 29% and 8% of our total revenues, respectively.
Costs and Expenses
The following table shows our total costs and expenses:
Years Ended December 31, Change
2024 2023 ($) (%)
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)
$ 9,019 $ 12,527 $ (3,508) (28) %
Sales and marketing 40,424 47,073 (6,649) (14) %
Product development 36,426 36,001 425 1 %
General and administrative 70,619 74,313 (3,694) (5) %
Depreciation and amortization
13,278 12,133 1,145 9 %
Asset impairment charges
- 24,403 (24,403) (100) %
Total costs and expenses $ 169,766 $ 206,450 $ (36,684) (18) %
Cost of Revenues
The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily related to a decrease of $2.5 million in cost of revenues associated with multi-channel marketing and cloud communication platforms, primarily due to the sunset in December 2023 of certain products and a decrease of $1.0 million in server costs.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
The decrease in sales and marketing expenses was primarily related to a decrease in personnel-related costs of $5.5 million and a decrease in advertising expense of $1.1 million. The decrease in personnel-related costs of $5.5 million were primarily due to decreases in salaries and wages of $3.0 million, bonus expense of $1.4 million, stock-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and payroll tax expense of $0.2 million, partially offset by an increase in vacation expense of $0.4 million.
Product Development Expenses
The increase in product development expenses was primarily due to increases in outside and professional service costs of $2.3 million partially offset by decreases in personnel-related costs of $1.9 million. The decrease in personnel-related costs was primarily due to decreases in salaries and wages of $0.4 million, bonus expense of $0.5 million, stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million and vacation expense of 0.4 million, partially offset by an increase in payroll tax expense of $0.1 million.
General and Administrative Expenses
The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to decreases in personnel-related costs of $3.6 million, provision for credit losses of $1.9 million, rent and facilities expense of $2.1 million due to lease modification and termination, software expense of $0.7 million, partially offset by $1.5 million charge recorded in the second quarter of 2024 related to the settlement of the SEC matter and increase in outside and professional service expense of $3.1 million. See Note 6, “Commitments and Contingencies” to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the settlement of the SEC matter.
Depreciation and Amortization
The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily due to an increase of $2.4 million in depreciation primarily from capitalized software amortization, partially offset by a decrease of $1.2 million in amortization of intangible assets.
Asset Impairment Charges
The decrease in asset impairment charges was primarily due to $24.4 million in asset impairment charges from 2023. In 2023, we recorded $10.9 million in impairment of operating lease ROU asset, $1.3 million in impairment of leasehold improvement associated with our office space in Los Angeles, California, $8.7 million in impairment of intangible assets, capitalized software and property and equipment associated with the sunset of certain product offerings in December 2023 and $3.5 million related to the impairment of an equity investment. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 5, “Leases,” to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Other Income (Expense), net
Years Ended December 31, Change
2024 2023 ($) (%)
(dollars in thousands)
Change in fair value of warrant liability $ - $ 1,505 $ (1,505) (100) %
Change in tax receivable agreement liability (2,773) (1,256) (1,517) 121 %
Other income
258 2,574 (2,316) (90) %
Other income (expense), net $ (2,515) $ 2,823 $ (5,338) (189) %
Other income (expense), net decreased by $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to changes in fair value of warrant liability of $1.5 million and a non-cash gain of $3.7 million in 2023 associated with the discharge of a holdback obligation related to a prior acquisition, an increase in TRA liability of $1.5 million, a decrease in property and other taxes of $1.0 million and an increase in net interest income of $0.4 million.
Provision for Income Taxes
Years Ended December 31, Change
2024 2023 ($) (%)
(dollars in thousands)
Provision for income taxes $ 46 $ 93 $ (47) (51) %
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded less than $0.1 million in income tax provisions due to the impact of the full valuation allowance on our net deferred assets. See Note 15, “Income Taxes,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Seasonality
The cannabis industry has certain industry holidays that in recent years have resulted in increased purchases by cannabis consumers. Such “holidays” include, but are not limited to 420, July 10th and Green Wednesday. Likewise, our clients will typically increase spend heading into these events. We also typically invest in marketing spend around these holidays which can create some seasonality in our sales and market expenses from quarter to quarter. While seasonality has not had a significant impact on our results in the past, our clients may experience seasonality in their businesses which in turn can impact the revenue generated from them. Our business may become more seasonal in the future and historical patterns in our business may not be a reliable indicator of future performance.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following tables show our cash, accounts receivable and working capital as of the dates indicated:
As of December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Cash $ 51,966 $ 34,350
Accounts receivable, net $ 10,060 $ 11,158
Working capital $ 39,079 $ 17,771
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had cash of $52.0 million and $34.4 million, respectively. Our funds are being used for funding our current operations and potential strategic acquisitions in the future. We also intend to increase our capital expenditures to support the organic growth in our business and operations. We expect to fund our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements from cash and working capital on hand at December 31, 2024, as well as from cash provided by operating activities. We believe that our existing cash and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect. We may seek to raise additional funds at any time through equity, equity-linked or debt financing arrangements. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors. We may not be able to secure additional financing to meet our operating requirements on acceptable terms, or at all.
Sources of Liquidity
We primarily finance our operations and capital expenditures through cash flows generated by operations. To the extent existing cash and investments and cash from operations are not sufficient to fund future activities, we may need to raise additional funds. We may seek to raise additional funds through equity, equity-linked or debt financings. If we raise additional funds through the incurrence of indebtedness, such indebtedness may have rights that are senior to holders of our equity securities and could contain covenants that restrict operations. Any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders. We may enter into investment or acquisition transactions in the future, which could require us to seek additional equity financing, incur indebtedness, or use cash resources.
Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
2024 2023
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$ 36,676 $ 22,928
Net cash used in investing activities $ (11,637) $ (11,871)
Net cash used in financing activities
$ (7,423) $ (5,290)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Cash from operating activities consists primarily of net income (loss) adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, change in fair value of warrant liability, change in TRA liability, amortization of right-of-use lease assets, stock-based compensation, asset impairment charges, gain on lease termination, provision (recovery) for credit losses and the effect of changes in working capital.
Net cash provided by operating activities is also impacted by the effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities such as: accounts receivable which is impacted by the timing of customer billings and related collections from our customers; accounts payable and accrued expenses due to timing of payments; accrued personnel costs which are impacted by employee performance targets and the timing of payments related to employee bonus incentives.
Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $36.7 million, which resulted from net income of $12.2 million, together with net cash outflows of $4.5 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities, and non-cash items of $29.0 million, consisting of stock-based compensation expense of $9.2 million, depreciation and amortization of $13.3 million, amortization of right of use lease assets of $3.8 million, TRA remeasurement of $2.8 million, partially offset by gain on lease termination of $0.1 million. Net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $5.6 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.5 million and a decrease in deferred revenue of $0.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.1 million and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1.0 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities are mostly due to fluctuations in timing of cash receipts and payments.
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $22.9 million, which resulted from net loss of $15.7 million, together with net cash outflows of $14.2 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities, and non-cash items of $52.8 million, consisting of asset impairment charges of $24.4 million, stock-based compensation expense of $13.5 million, depreciation and amortization of $12.1 million, amortization of right of use lease assets of $4.9 million, provision for credit losses of $1.8 million, TRA remeasurement of $1.3 million, partially offset by a gain from the discharge of a holdback obligation related to a prior acquisition of $3.7 million, and the change in fair value of warrant liability of $1.5 million. Net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $15.3 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $6.3 million and a decrease in deferred revenue of $0.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $4.5 million and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $3.3 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities are mostly due to fluctuations in timing of cash receipts and payments.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $11.6 million, which resulted from $11.6 million cash paid for purchases of property and equipment, including certain capitalized software development cost.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $11.9 million, which resulted from $11.9 million cash paid for purchases of property and equipment, including certain capitalized software development cost.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $7.4 million, which resulted from $7.7 million of distribution payments to members of WMH LLC, $0.1 million in TRA payments and $0.4 million in proceeds from collection of related party note receivable.
Net cash from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $5.3 million, which resulted from $4.2 million distribution payments to members of WMH LLC, $1.5 million for repayment of insurance premium financing and $0.4 million in proceeds from collection of related party note receivable.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
We have non-cancellable contractual agreements primarily related to leases and other purchase obligations. As of December 31, 2024, future payments on our operating leases were $40.5 million. See Note 5, “Leases,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein. We also have minimum outstanding purchase obligations of $7.3 million in 2025 and $7.5 million in 2026, due under software license agreements, of which the majority relates to the remaining two years of our three-year AWS Enterprise agreement.
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our TRA liability was $4.4 million and $1.8 million, respectively. We expect that the payments we will be required to make under the TRA will not be substantial, and therefore, in conjunction with the recording a full valuation allowance on the related TRA deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2022, we have also adjusted the TRA liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
We will continue to evaluate the realization of the TRA tax attributes, and in the future, we may conclude that the TRA liability is probable of payment, and if the TRA is reinstated, the payments would be substantial. Assuming a reinstatement of the TRA liability, there are several assumptions that would be relevant such as, no material changes in relevant tax law, that there are no future redemptions or exchanges to Class A Units and that we earn sufficient taxable income to realize all tax benefits that are subject to the TRA, the tax savings associated with acquisitions of common units in the Business Combination would aggregate to approximately $165.7 million, as of December 31, 2024, over 15 years from the Closing Date. Under this scenario, we would be required to pay to the Class A Unit holders approximately 85% of such amount, or $140.8 million, as of December 31, 2024, over the 15-year period from the Closing Date. The actual amounts we will be required to pay may materially differ from these hypothetical amounts, because potential future tax savings that we will be deemed to realize, and the TRA payments made by us, will be calculated based in part on the market value of the Class A Common Stock at the time of each redemption or exchange under the Exchange Agreement and the prevailing applicable tax rates applicable to us over the life of the TRA and will depend on us generating sufficient taxable income to realize the tax benefits that are subject to the TRA. Payments under the TRA are not conditioned on the Class A Unit holders’ continued ownership of us. See Note 15, “Income Taxes,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.
We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, income taxes, stock-based compensation, capitalized software development costs, provision (recovery) for credit losses, goodwill and intangible assets and fair value measurements to have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. For further information on all of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Critical Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when the fundamental criteria for revenue recognition are met. We recognize revenue by applying the following five steps: the contract with the customer is identified; the performance obligations in the contract are identified; the transaction price is determined; the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations in the contract; and revenue is recognized when (or as) we satisfy these performance obligations in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. We exclude sales taxes and other similar taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. The Company’s contract with customers do not contain general rights of return. However, adjustments to the standard pricing may occur for selected customers on a case-by-case basis. Revenue reflects the transaction price, including any adjustments, that the Company expects to receive for such goods and services. Transaction price adjustments are primarily
related to our Together for Equity Access and Legislation, (“WM Teal”), program, through which we provide free software, advertising, educational materials and training programs to applicants or licenses under social equity licensing programs. We provide these transaction price adjustments to license holders who were awarded special status by the state based on owner qualifications. Special status is typically given in new markets to add more diversity and inclusion in the cannabis space. A license’s social equity status is validated by us on the applicable state’s website. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, total transaction price adjustments issued were $5.5 million and $4.2 million, respectively. For clients that pay in advance for listing and other services, we record deferred revenue and recognize revenue over the applicable subscription term.
Our revenues are derived primarily from monthly subscriptions to Weedmaps for Business, featured and deal listings and other WM Ad solutions. Our Weedmaps for Business subscriptions generally have one-month terms that automatically renew unless notice of cancellation is provided in advance. Featured and deal listings and other WM Ad solutions are offered as add-on products to the Weedmaps for Business subscriptions. Featured and deal listings provide customers with premium placement ad solutions and discount and promotion pricing tools. Other WM Ad solutions include banner ads and promotion tiles on our marketplace ad as well as other advertising products on and off the Weedmaps marketplace. We have a fixed inventory of featured listing and display advertising in each market, and price is generally determined through a competitive auction process that reflects local market demand. Revenues for these arrangements are recognized over-time, generally during a month-to-month subscription period as the services are provided. We rarely need to allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations. In the rare case that allocation of the transaction price is needed, We recognize revenue in proportion to the standalone selling prices of the underlying services at contract inception.
Revenue for service contracts that are not probable of collection is not recognized until the contract is completed and payment is received. Collectability is reassessed when there is a significant change in facts or circumstances. When a customer is identified to be a significant collection risk, we fully reserve for all outstanding accounts receivable and records a credit loss for these receivables. Revenue for any new service provided to the customer is not probable of collection until we have collected or reached a settlement on the customers old outstanding accounts receivable balances. We apply all payments received against the customers oldest invoices and we do not recognize revenue for any new services provided until we have collected or reached a settlement on all prior outstanding accounts receivable. Collectability is reassessed when there is a significant change in facts or circumstances. The assessment of collectability considers whether we may limit its exposure to credit risk through its right to stop transferring additional service in the event the customer is delinquent. For more information, refer to Note 3, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” of our consolidated financial statements included herein.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, we changed our presentation of the line item previously reported as “Net revenue” to “Revenue” in our consolidated statements of operations. The change is solely to reflect that the adjustments to revenue are more appropriately considered to be adjustments to the transaction price rather than customer credits. Therefore, we concluded that the line item is more accurately characterized as “Revenue” in our consolidated statements of operations. Accordingly, for the year ended December 31, 2024, we changed the reporting line to “Revenue” which is determined in the same manner as our previously reported “Net revenue”, and the only change is the description of the line item. See Note 2. “Revenue Recognition” of our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Income Taxes
As a result of the Business Combination, WM Technology, Inc. became the sole managing member of WMH LLC, which is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal and most applicable state and local income tax purposes. As a partnership, WMH LLC is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for U.S. federal and state income taxes has been recorded in the financial statements for the period of January 1 to June 16, 2021 as this period was prior to the Business Combination. Any taxable income or loss generated by WMH LLC is passed through to and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including WM Technology, Inc. following the Business Combination, on a pro rata basis. WM Technology, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal income taxes, in addition to state and local income taxes with respect to its allocable share of any taxable income of WMH LLC following the Business Combination. We are also subject to taxes in foreign jurisdictions. Tax laws and regulations are complex and periodically changing and the determination of our provision for income taxes, including our taxable income, deferred tax assets and TRA liability, requires us to make significant judgment, assumptions and estimates.
In connection with the Business Combination, we entered into a TRA with continuing members that provides for a payment to the continuing members of 85% of the amount of tax benefits, if any, that WM Technology, Inc. realizes, or is deemed to realize, as a result of redemptions or exchanges of WMH Units. In connection with such potential future tax benefits resulting from the Business Combination and subsequent redemptions or exchanges of WMH Units, we have established a deferred tax asset for the additional tax basis and a corresponding TRA liability of 85% of the expected benefit. The remaining 15% is
recorded within paid-in capital. Our calculation of the TRA asset and liability requires estimates of its future qualified taxable income over the term of the TRA as a basis to determine if the related tax benefits are expected to be realized. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, TRA liability were $4.4 million and $1.8 million.
Based on the weight of all available evidence, both positive and negative, we determined during the three months ended December 31, 2022 that a full valuation allowance was required against our net deferred tax assets. We continued the remeasurement of the valuation allowance during the year ended December 31, 2024 and determined that a full valuation allowance was required as of December 31, 2024. See Note 15, “Income Taxes,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Stock-based Compensation
We measure fair value of employee stock-based compensation awards on the date of grant and allocate the related expense over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units without market conditions is equal to the market price of our Class A common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of performance-based restricted stock units with market conditions is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the Class P Units is measured using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model. When awards include a performance condition of the Company that impacts the vesting of the award, we record compensation cost when it becomes probable that the performance condition will be met. The level of achievement of such goals in the performance-based restricted stock awards may cause the actual number of units that ultimately vest to range from 0% to 200% of the original units granted. When awards include a performance condition of the markets, the vesting of the award is dependent upon the attainment of a target stock price. Forfeitures of stock-based awards are recognized as they occur and we record compensation cost over the derived service period. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized stock-based compensation expense of $9.2 million and $13.5 million, respectively. See Note 13, “Stock-based Compensation,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
We capitalize certain costs related to the development and enhancement of the Weedmaps platform and SaaS solutions. In accordance with authoritative guidance, we capitalize these costs when the preliminary development project stage is completed, management has authorized further funding for the completion of the project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and performed as intended. Such costs are amortized when placed in service, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, generally estimated to be three years. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria together with costs incurred for training and maintenance are expensed as incurred and recorded in product development expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. Costs incurred for enhancements that were expected to result in additional features or functionality are capitalized and expensed over the estimated useful life of the enhancements, generally three years. The accounting for website and internal-use software costs requires us to make significant judgment, assumptions and estimates related to the timing and amount of recognized capitalized software development costs. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we capitalized $11.6 million and $13.1 million of costs related to the development of software applications.
Accounts Receivable
We measure credit losses on our trade accounts receivable using the current expected credit loss model under ASC 326 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which is based on the expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the credit loss model, lifetime expected credit losses are measured and recognized at each reporting date based on historical, current and forecast information.
We calculate the expected credit losses on a pool basis for those trade receivables that have similar risk characteristics. For those trade receivables that do not share similar risk characteristics, the allowance for expected credit losses is calculated on an individual basis. Risk characteristics relevant to our accounts receivable include balance of customer account and aging status. The allowance for credit losses was $1.2 million and $8.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Assets and liabilities acquired from acquisitions are recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill. The accounting for goodwill and intangible assets requires us to make significant judgement, estimates and assumptions. Significant estimates and assumptions in valuing acquired intangible assets and liabilities include projected cash flows attributable to the assets or liabilities, asset useful lives and discount rates.
Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to annual impairment testing, or between annual tests if an event or change in circumstance occurs that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually on December 31. For the year ended December 31, 2024, in accordance with our annual assessment policy, we opted to bypass the qualitative assessment and performed a quantitative assessment to test goodwill for impairment. As part of our impairment assessment, the fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using a discounted cash flow valuation which incorporates assumptions regarding long-term growth rates, revenue and earnings projections, estimation of cash flows, discount rates and other factors. Changes in these inputs could materially affect the results of our impairment review. In conducting our quantitative assessment, we determined that the fair value of our goodwill substantially exceeded its carrying amount by approximately 95%, and as a result, no impairment existed as of the annual assessment date of December 31, 2024. If our forecasts of cash flows or other key inputs are negatively revised in the future, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit would be adversely impacted, potentially leading to an impairment in the future that could materially affect our operating results. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Intangible assets deemed to have finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, where the useful life is the period over which the asset is expected to contribute directly, or indirectly, to our future cash flows. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment on an interim basis when certain events or circumstances exist. For amortizable intangible assets, impairment exists when the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value. At least annually, the remaining useful life is evaluated. No intangible asset impairment charges have been recorded for the year ended December 31, 2024. We recorded an impairment charge of $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to intangible assets associated with certain product offerings that were sunset in December 2023, which is included in asset impairment charges in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 8, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” to these consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Other Long-Lived Assets
We assess potential impairments to our long-lived assets, which includes property and equipment and operating lease assets, at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 6.0 years and 6.3 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 10.0% and 9.8%, respectively. Our lease agreements do not provide an implicit rate and as a result, we used an estimated incremental borrowing rate, which was derived from third-party information available at the time we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842 in determining the present value of future lease payments. The rate used is for a secured borrowing of a similar term as the right of use asset. The fair value was estimated using an income approach based on management’s forecast of future cash flows expected to be derived based on current sublease market rent.
We assess impairment of ROU assets when an event and change in circumstance indicates that the carrying value of such ROU assets may not be recoverable. If an event and a change in circumstance indicates that the carrying value of an ROU asset may not be recoverable and the estimated fair value attributable to the ROU asset is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss equals to the excess of the ROU asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recognized.
The fair values of ROU assets were estimated using an income approach based on management’s forecast of future cash flows expected to be derived based on the sublease market rent. First, we test the asset group for recoverability by comparing the undiscounted cash flows of the asset group, which include expected future lease payments related to the lease agreement offset by expected sublease income, to the carrying amount of the asset group. If the first step of the long-lived asset impairment test concludes that the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable, we perform the second step of the long-lived asset impairment test by comparing the fair value of the asset group to its carrying amount and recognizing a lease impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. To estimate the fair value of the asset group, we rely on a discounted cash flow approach using market participant assumptions of the expected cash flows.
In 2024, we amended our lease associated with our corporate headquarters located in Irvine, California. The amendment extended the lease term five years through February 2030 and reduced the leased square footage. The lease extension was accounted for as a lease modification, and we remeasured the lease liability and ROU asset using an incremental borrowing rate of 11.5% and recognized a non-cash lease liability of $3.0 million and the related non-cash ROU asset of $3.0 million. The lease classification remained as an operating lease. We also paid $0.1 million to terminate a lease agreement for one of our offices. In conjunction with the early lease termination, we reported a gain of $0.1 million which is recognized as a reduction to the related lease expense. We also de-recognized the remaining ROU asset of $0.2 million and a lease liability of $0.4 million on the consolidated balance sheet related to the early lease termination.
In 2023, we recognized a ROU asset impairment charge of $10.9 million and impairment of related leasehold improvements of $1.3 million, driven by updated sublease assumptions for our office space in Los Angeles, California, pursuant to an operating lease that expires in 2031. The ROU impairment charges are included in asset impairment charges in the consolidated statements of operations.
We assess impairment of property and equipment when an event and change in circumstance indicates that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If an event and a change in circumstance indicates that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable and the expected undiscounted cash flows attributable to the asset are less than its carrying value, an impairment loss equals to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recognized. We did not have any impairment charges related to property and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2024. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded impairment charges of $3.9 million of which $2.7 million related to property and equipment associated with certain product offerings that were sunset in December 2023 and $1.3 million related to leasehold improvements associated with the impairment of a ROU asset both of which are included in asset impairment charges in the consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value Measurements
In connection with the Business Combination, we assumed 12,499,993 Public Warrants and 7,000,000 Private Placement Warrants. As of December 31, 2024, 12,499,973 of the Public Warrant and all of the Private Placement Warrants remained outstanding. The warrants are measured at fair value under ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements. The fair value of the Public Warrants is classified as Level 1 financial instruments and is based on the publicly listed trading price of our Public Warrants. The fair value of the Private Warrants is determined with Level 3 inputs using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants may change significantly as additional data is obtained. In evaluating this information, considerable judgment is required to interpret the data used to develop the assumptions and estimates. The estimates of fair value may not be indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. Accordingly, the use of different market assumptions and/or different valuation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value, and such changes could materially impact our results of operations in future periods. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, warrant liability was $0.6 million. See Note 7, “Fair Value Measurements,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We have reviewed all recently issued standards and have determined that, other than as disclosed in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” such standards will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or do not otherwise apply to our current operations.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by Item 305 of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information required by this Item 8 is contained in our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on pages through of this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
With the foregoing in mind, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer (“Certifying Officers”) evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based on the evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that as of
December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the ongoing material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
While we continue to implement design enhancements to our internal control procedures, we believe that, other than the changes described below regarding the ongoing remediation efforts, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and the dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that our transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with appropriate authorizations; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to the ongoing material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
As of December 31, 2024, we have an ongoing entity-level material weakness that was identified in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for which remediation efforts continued in the year ended December 31, 2024 as further described below.
•We did not fully maintain components of the COSO framework, including elements of the control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, and monitoring activities components, relating to (i) developing general control activities over technology to support the achievement of objectives across the entity, (ii) sufficiency of processes related to identifying and analyzing risks to the achievement of objectives, including technology, across the entity, and (iii) sufficiency of selecting and developing control activities that contribute to the mitigation of risks to the achievement of objectives to acceptable levels.
The entity-level material weakness contributed to material weaknesses within our system of internal control over financial reporting as follows:
Unremediated material weaknesses identified in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
1.We did not design and maintain effective information technology (IT) general controls for certain information systems supporting our key financial reporting processes, including for our enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and for certain in-scope on-premise and vendor-supported applications. Specifically, we did not design, implement and maintain (a) change management controls to ensure that program and data changes affecting financial applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately, (b) access controls to ensure appropriate IT segregation of duties are maintained that adequately restrict and segregate privileged access between environments which support development and production, and (c) controls to monitor on an on-going basis for the proper segregation of privileged access between environments which support development and production. As a result, IT application controls and business process controls that are dependent on the ineffective IT general controls, or that rely on data produced from systems impacted by the ineffective IT general controls, are also deemed ineffective, which affects substantially all of our financial statement account balances and disclosures.
2.We did not design and maintain effective process-level controls related to the order-to-cash cycle (including revenues, accounts receivables, and deferred revenue), procure-to-pay-cycle (including operating expenses, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses), capitalized software and long-term assets. As of December 31, 2024, we also concluded that this material weakness applied to the payroll cycle and income taxes. This material weakness could result in a misstatement of any account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, Moss Adams, LLP, has issued an audit report on the our internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report Form 10-K.
Remediation
With the oversight of management and the audit committee of our board of directors, we continue to actively take the appropriate steps toward the remediation of the underlying causes of the material weaknesses described above. We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and implementing measures designed to ensure that the material weaknesses are remediated as soon as possible. We believe progress has been made toward remediation and we continue to implement our remediation plan. Until the remediation plan is fully implemented, tested, and deemed effective we cannot assure that our actions will adequately remediate the material weaknesses or that additional material weaknesses in our internal controls will not be identified in the future. If we are unable to remediate the material weakness, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the SEC, could be adversely affected and could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price.
Remediation Efforts to Address Ongoing Material Weaknesses
Our remediation efforts for material weaknesses identified in both the current and prior years are still ongoing. To date, we have taken the following actions to remediate certain aspects of the material weakness described above that, as of December 31, 2024, had not yet been fully implemented or had not been in place for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate that they were having their desired effect:
•Improving the design and operation of controls related to revenue recognition including the identification of performance obligations and establishment of policies over the order-to-cash cycle, including policies over our treatment of cash basis customers.
•Segregating access in our ERP system and certain on-premise applications.
•Filling certain key positions in our finance and technology organizations with individuals possessing public company knowledge and experience.
•Commencing configuration of our new ERP system, which will replace our legacy ERP system in year ended December 31, 2025.
•Removing developers’ administrative access from production systems.
•Removing the ability for certain users, including developers, to access other users’ accounts.
•Implementing audit trails to log and monitor system configuration and data changes made by users to detect erroneous or unauthorized changes.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Insider Trading Arrangements
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
A portion of the compensation of our directors (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) is in the form of equity awards and, from time to time, directors engage in open-market transactions with respect to the securities acquired pursuant to such equity awards or other of our securities, including to satisfy tax withholding obligations when equity awards vest, and for diversification or other personal reasons.
Transactions in our securities by directors are required to be made in accordance with our insider trading policy, which requires that the transactions be in accordance with applicable U.S. federal securities laws that prohibit trading while in possession of material nonpublic information. Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense that enables directors to prearrange transactions in our securities in a manner that avoids concerns about initiating transactions while in possession of material nonpublic information. During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, each of the following directors adopted a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. All trading plans were entered into during an open insider trading window and are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and our policies regarding transactions in our securities.
The table below shows the contracts, instructions or written plans adopted or terminated during the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024 providing for the purchase and/or sale of our securities by our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act).
Name and Title
Adoption Date
Action
Start Date
End Date2
Total Class A Common Stock to be Sold
Anthony Bay, Director1
9/13/2024 Adoption 3/7/2025 7/30/2025 54,451
Glen Ibbott, Director
11/18/2024 Adoption
6/1/2025 7/30/2025 50,505
Olga Gonzalez, Director
9/4/2024 Adoption
6/21/2025 7/30/2026 125,000
Brenda Freeman, Director
9/4/2024 Adoption
6/21/2025 7/30/2026 125,000
Scott Gordon, Director
9/10/2024 Adoption
6/21/2025 7/30/2027 283,018
1 On September 13, 2024, Anthony Bay, entered into a pre-arranged stock trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1, which superseded and terminated Mr. Bay’s previous stock trading plan that was originally adopted on June 13, 2023 (“Prior Bay Plan”). The Prior Bay Plan provided for sale of up to 95,395 shares of our Class A Common Stock upon vesting of RSU awards to satisfy tax withholding obligations.
2 Each plan terminates on the earlier of: (i) the expiration date listed in the table above; (ii) the first date on which all trades set forth in the plan have been executed; or (iii) such date the plan is otherwise terminated according to its terms.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item 10 is incorporated by reference to the information as set forth under the captions “Proposal No. 1 Election of Directors,” “Information Regarding the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” and “Executive Officers” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2024.
Code of Conduct
We have adopted a Code of Conduct (the “Code of Conduct”), applicable to all of our employees, executive officers and directors. The Code of Conduct is available on our website at ir.weedmaps.com. The nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors is responsible for overseeing the Code of Conduct and must approve any waivers of the Code of Conduct for employees, executive officers and directors. We expect that any amendments to the Code of Conduct, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website.
Insider Trading Policy
We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy governing the purchase, sale and/or other dispositions of our securities by our directors, officers and employees. A copy of the Insider Trading Policy is filed as an exhibit to this Report. In addition, it is our practice to comply with the applicable laws and regulations relating to insider trading.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the information as set forth under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Information Regarding the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2024.
Clawback Policy
In 2023, we adopted our Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy in compliance with requirements under the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and related Nasdaq listing rules, which was amended and restated on November 7, 2024.
In connection with the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2023 (“2023 10-K”), we restated our financial statements for each of the first three quarters of fiscal year 2023 in the 2023 10-K (“Restatement”).
We determined that the Restatement would not result in the recoupment of any compensation because the variable incentive compensation for our executive officers is calculated and paid based on year-end financial results, including year-end revenue and year-end Adjusted EBITDA targets, which are not finalized until our year-end financial close processes and audit have been completed. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we based our determination of variable incentive compensation for our executive officers based on our 2023 year-end financial results for revenue and Adjusted EBITDA. The variable component of our executive compensation program consists of cash-based bonus opportunities and long-term incentive compensation, including in the form of performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”). Cash-based bonus opportunities for 2023 were delivered through a short-term incentive plan (“STIP”) and achievement of bonus amounts under the STIP were based on our 2023 year-end revenue and 2023 year-end Adjusted EBITDA. PRSUs that were outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023 had performance goals based on 2023 year-end revenue and 2023 year-end Adjusted EBITDA. Accordingly, our determination of whether any performance goals were achieved with respect to the STIP or outstanding PRSUs took place at the end of the year ended December 31, 2023, after taking into account any adjustments to the first three quarters of 2023 that resulted from the Restatement.
Accordingly, the Restatement did not impact our executive compensation payments because the variable portion of our executive compensation payments was calculated and finalized based on financial results provided in our year-end financial statements. As a result, our Compensation Committee determined that there were no payments required to be pursued under our Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the information as set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information as set forth under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the information as set forth under the caption “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2024.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
1. Financial Statements.
Page
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules.
All schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or the required information is otherwise included in our consolidated financial statements and related notes.
3. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report:
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Description Form
File no.
Exhibit
Filing Date
2.1+
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 10, 2020, by and among Silver Spike, Merger Sub, WMH, and the Holder Representative named therein
8-K
001-39021
2.1
December 10, 2020
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company
8-K 001-39021
3.1 June 22, 2021
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company
8-K 001-39021 3.2 June 22, 2021
4.1
Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company
8-K 001-39021 4.1 June 22, 2021
4.2
Form of Warrant Certificate of the Company
8-K 001-39021 4.2 June 22, 2021
4.3
Warrant Agreement, dated as of August 7, 2019, by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent
8-K 001-39021 4.1
August 12, 2019
4.5
Description of Securities
10-K
001-39021 4.5 February 25, 2022
10.1
Exchange Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2021, by and among the Company, Silver Spike Sponsor and the other parties thereto
8-K 001-39021 10.1 June 22, 2021
10.2
Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2021, by and among the Company and the other parties thereto
8-K 001-39021 10.2 June 22, 2021
10.3
Fourth Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of WMH LLC
8-K 001-39021 10.3 June 22, 2021
10.4
Form of Subscription Agreement
8-K 001-39021 10.4
June 22, 2021
10.5
Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2021, by and among the Company, Silver Spike Sponsor and the other parties thereto
8-K 001-39021 10.5 June 22, 2021
10.6#
Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Company and its directors and officers
8-K 001-39021 10.6
June 22, 2021
10.7#
WM Technology, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan
8-K 001-39021 10.7
June 22, 2021
10.7(a)(#)
Form of Stock Option Grant Notice
8-K 001-39021 10.7(a)
June 22, 2021
10.7(b)#
Form of RSU Award Grant Notice
8-K 001-39021 10.7(b)
June 22, 2021
10.8#
WM Technology, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
8-K 001-39021 10.8
June 22, 2021
10.9
Lease, dated as of November 11, 2013, by and between the Irvine Company LLC and Ghost Media Group, LLC, as amended
8-K 001-39021 10.12
June 22, 2021
10.10
First Amendment to Lease and Consent to Assignment, dated as of January 27, 2016, by and between Discovery Business Center LLC, as successor-in-interest to the Irvine Company LLC, and Ghost Management Group, LLC, as successor-in-interest to Ghost Media Group, LLC
8-K 001-39021 10.13
June 22, 2021
10.11
Second Amendment to Lease, dated as of April 7, 2017, by and between Discovery Business Center LLC and Ghost Management Group, LLC
8-K 001-39021 10.14
June 22, 2021
10.12
Third Amendment to Lease, dated as of December 29, 2017, by and between Discovery Business Center LLC and Ghost Management Group, LLC
8-K 001-39021 10.15
June 22, 2021
10.13
Fourth Amendment to Lease, dated May 3, 2018, by and between Discovery Business Center LLC and Ghost Management Group, LLC
8-K 001-39021 10.16
June 22, 2021
10.14
Fifth Amendment to Lease, dated as of September 30, 2024, by and between Discovery Business Center LLC and Ghost Management Group, LLC
10-Q
001-39021 10.2
November 12, 2024
10.15#
Amended and Restated WM Technology, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy
8-K 001-39021 10.2
October 06, 2023
10.16#
Separation and Release Agreement, by and between Duncan Grazier and WM Technology, Inc, dated August 07, 2024
10-Q 001-39021 10.1
November 12, 2024
10.17#
Employment Agreement, dated August 23, 2019, by and between Ghost Management Group, LLC and Duncan Grazier
10K 001-39021 10.19 March 16, 2023
10.18#
Employment Agreement, dated November 7, 2024, by and between Ghost Management Group, LLC, a subsidiary of WM Technology, Inc. and Douglas Francis
10-Q 001-39021 10.3
November 12, 2024
10.19#
Employment Agreement, dated December 2, 2024, by and between Ghost Management Group, LLC, a subsidiary of WM Technology, Inc. and Sarah Griffis
10.20#
Employment Agreement, dated April 4, 2019, by and between the Company and Brian Camire
10K
001-39021 10.2 May 24, 2024
10.20#
Executive Services Agreement, dated July 16, 2023, by and between SeatonHillPartners, L.P. and WM Technology Inc.
10-Q
001-39021 10.1
August 09, 2023
10.21#
Amendment to Executive Services Agreement, by and between SeatonHillPartners, L.P. and WM Technology Inc., dated February 26, 2024
10-K
001-39021 10.23 May 24, 2024
19.1
Insider Trading Policy
21.1
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1
Consent of Moss Adams, LLP
24.1
Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
31.1
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*
Certifications of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1
Incentive Compensation Recoupment (Clawback) Policy
10-K 001-39021 97 May 24, 2024
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
___________________
+ The schedules and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the SEC upon request.
# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or agreement.
* The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are deemed furnished and not filed with the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.