EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1704287
Filing Year: 2025
Filename: 1704287_10-K_2025_0001213900-25-026275.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. (“Bluejay”) is a medical diagnostics company focused on improving patient outcomes in critical care settings. We are working on developing rapid tests using whole blood on our Symphony technology platform (“Symphony”), which consists of an analyzer and single-use cartridges. We do not yet have regulatory clearance for Symphony, and we will need to receive regulatory authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) to be marketed as a diagnostic product in the United States. We have completed the development of the Symphony analyzer. We are currently preparing to transfer the intellectual property underlying the production of the Symphony cartridges from the original developer and outside supplier, Toray Industries, to an in-house facility. We are also beginning the process of redeveloping aspects of the Symphony cartridges to address several technical challenges to bring Symphony to a level consistent with necessary performance and quality requirements. After redevelopment, we plan to transfer manufacturing of the Symphony cartridges to a Contract Manufacturing Organization (“CMO”) to manufacture the Symphony cartridges. To achieve our plan, we expect to need to raise at least $30 million of capital between the second quarter of 2025 and the end of the 2027 fiscal year, which we hope to do in various tranches during this time period. Our current plan, subject to achieving necessary financing, is to begin testing of samples we are collecting as part of our ongoing SYMON-II clinical trial in mid-2027, with a goal of being in position to submit a 510(k) regulatory application to the FDA in the fourth quarter of 2027, with an objective of achieving FDA approval as early as the third quarter of 2028.
Our Symphony platform is a combination of Bluejay’s intellectual property (“IP”) and exclusively licensed and patented IP on the Symphony technology that we believe, if cleared, authorized, or approved by the FDA, can provide a solution to a significant market need in the United States. The Symphony device is designed to produce laboratory-quality results in 20 minutes in critical care settings, including Intensive Care Units (“ICUs”) and Emergency Rooms (“ERs”), where rapid and reliable results are required.
Our first product candidate, the Symphony IL-6 test, is an immunoassay for the measurement of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to be used for the monitoring of disease progression in critical care settings. We are currently focused on pursuing the Symphony IL-6 test in the context of sepsis. IL-6 is a clinically established inflammatory biomarker, and is considered a ‘first-responder,’ for assessment of severity of infection and inflammation across many disease indications, including sepsis. A current challenge of healthcare professionals is the excessive time and cost associated determining a patient’s level of severity at triage and we believe that our Symphony IL-6 test, if ultimately successful and approved, could have the ability to consistently monitor this critical care biomarker with rapid results.
If we succeed with the foregoing plan, in the future we hope to develop additional tests for Symphony, including tests for myocardial infraction and congestive heart failure (cardiac biomarkers hsTNT and NT pro-BNP) as well as other tests using the Symphony platform.
In the future, we also hope to explore new products to support our biomarker detection program. Furthermore, we intend to explore strategic opportunities around our pending IP on clinical utilities of IL-6 and the specimen biobanks generated from our SYMON I and SYMON II clinical studies.
Our operations to date have been funded primarily through the proceeds of (i) our initial public offering (the “IPO”) on November 2021 (the “IPO Date”), (ii) the registered direct offering of common stock and concurrent private placement of warrants that we completed on August 28, 2023, (iii) the public offering of common stock and warrants that we completed on January 2, 2024, and (iv) the public offering of common stock and warrants that we completed on June 20, 2024. Since inception, our operations have resulted in accumulated deficit of approximately $34.7 million, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred operating losses of approximately $7.2 million. As described above and elsewhere herein, we expect to need a material amount of additional funding to finance our operations during the next several years and ultimately commercialize our products, and we do not currently expect to have any sources of revenue during this period.
We were incorporated under the laws of Delaware on March 20, 2015. Our headquarters is located in Acton, Massachusetts.
On June 4, 2021, Bluejay formed Bluejay Spinco, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, for purposes of further development of our ALLEREYE diagnostic test. ALLEREYE is a point-of-care device offering healthcare providers a solution for diagnosing Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Our Market
The Symphony platform is designed to address a subset of the global in vitro diagnostics devices (“IVDs”) market, with a focus on targeting critical care markets where physicians must quickly determine patient acuity to identify optimal treatment regimens. We are currently focused on our initial biomarker test, Symphony IL-6 test, in the context of the evaluation of the risk of mortality due to sepsis. We hope in the future to also explore the potential for adding new biomarker tests to the Symphony platform to also be used in the context of cardio-metabolic diseases, cancer and other diseases that require rapid tests.
Our Business Model
We do not currently have any revenue-generating operations. Our goal is to become the first provider of rapid tests for critical care settings, including infectious, inflammatory and metabolic diseases, by leveraging the strengths of our Symphony platform. We intend to target our sales and marketing of Symphony to the largest critical care facilities in the United States. Our planned business model, which is contingent on us ultimately obtaining market approval and commercializing our Symphony platform, includes the following:
● Financing Model. We intend to offer various financing options for the device itself. As such, our planned business model would not require customers to incur a significant capital outlay, assuming we are able to successfully offer such financial options.
● Recurring Revenue. We intend to sell single-use diagnostic test cartridges, thereby seeking to create a growing and recurring revenue stream, as adoption and utilization increase, and as we develop tests for additional indications. We intend that the sale of test cartridges would generate the majority of our revenue and gross profit.
● Expand our Menu of Diagnostic Products. Our goal would be for the average customer use of the Symphony platform to increase as overall adoption of the product occurs. If we are able to achieve market approval in the context of sepsis and then expand our test menu to other diseases and/or conditions, we hope to be able to increase our annual revenue per customer through the resulting increase in utilization.
The Symphony Platform
The Symphony platform is a proprietary technology platform that is designed to provide rapid and accurate measurements of key diagnostic biomarkers found in blood in a manner that we believe is innovative in the market. Symphony is compact and is designed for the potential of it to be deployed in a manner that is more mobile than current laboratory diagnostic platforms on the market. Symphony incorporates a user-friendly interface where all sample preparation and reagents are integrated into the disposable Symphony cartridges. Symphony only requires a few drops of blood to provide a measurement in approximately 20 minutes.
The Symphony analyzer is developed and is designed to orchestrate sample processing (e.g. whole blood, plasma, serum, etc.), biomarker isolation, and immunoassay preparation using non-contact centrifugal force. All necessary reagents and components are integrated into the Symphony cartridges. Utilizing precision microchannel technology and high specificity antibodies, liquid samples are processed, and the biomarker is isolated within the Symphony cartridge. Intermitted centrifugation cycles enable complex fluid movements, allowing sequential reagent additions and independent reaction steps inside the Symphony cartridge. At the conclusion of the test, the Symphony analyzer measures the fluorescence signature correlating to a highly sensitive quantitation of the biomarker.
To perform a Symphony test, the test operator adds the sample (e.g. whole blood, plasma, serum, etc.) to the Symphony cartridge. After scanning the patient ID, the Symphony cartridge is inserted into the Symphony analyzer and the operator initiates the fully automated test. Each analyzer can run up to six cartridges simultaneously, either with six different patient samples or six different tests, providing quantitative measurements used for improved patient management and clinical decision-making.
Bluejay’s current supply agreement of Symphony cartridges from Toray Industries is valid through October 2025, at which point we expect the agreement to expire. To date, Bluejay has relied on Toray’s development and manufacturing of the Symphony cartridges. We have encountered several technical challenges in the performance and quality of the Symphony cartridges. We are currently preparing to transfer the intellectual property underlying production of the cartridges from Toray to an in-house facility for redevelopment. We are also beginning the process of redeveloping aspects of the cartridges to address several technical challenges to bring our product to a level consistent with the necessary performance and quality requirements. To address the technical challenges related to the Symphony cartridges, we expect the redevelopment work will occur over at least the next year. In particular, several individual components in the cartridges need to be replaced and/or validated due to limited supply or discontinuation (including the antibody used in the cartridge). In addition, we are working to correct several reliability and stability issues with the cartridge product.
After the cartridge redevelopment is completed, we plan to transfer the manufacturing process to an FDA-registered CMO. We expect that production lots for validation testing to support the FDA submission will be available once the transfer to an FDA registered CMO is completed. At this time, we do not anticipate being able to perform analytical performance validation testing until mid-2027.
Manufacturing
We plan to manufacture our analyzers through Sanyoseiko Co. Ltd. (“Sanyoseiko”), as a contract manufacturing organizations (“CMO”), and we have a contract with Sanyoseiko for this purpose.
Once redeveloped, we plan to transfer manufacturing of our cartridges to Sanyoseiko, or other suitable CMO. We currently do not have a contract for the manufacture of the redeveloped cartridges.
Sanyoseiko had been selected as our CMO due to their core competencies in manufacturing and quality system recognized by the FDA. Sanyoseiko’s facilities are located in Japan. We currently license the technology for the Symphony cartridges from Toray. Our license grants us exclusive global marketing rights, with the exception of Japan. Bluejay holds the rights to manufacture the analyzers.
FDA Regulatory Strategy
Our current regulatory strategy is designed to support commercialization of Symphony in the United States once we receive marketing authorization from the FDA. In May 2023, we submitted a pre-submission application to the FDA presenting study designs to validate Symphony IL-6 for use with hospitalized sepsis patients. We participated in a pre-submission meeting with the FDA on August 11, 2023, and at the meeting the FDA provided feedback on the study design, determined that the submission of a 510(k) is the appropriate premarket submission pathway, and requested that certain data be provided in the 510(k). Based on this feedback, we determined to proceed on this basis, which considers the FDA’s feedback.
In the second quarter of 2024, we completed a multicenter SYmphony IL-6 MONitoring Sepsis (“SYMON”) clinical study investigating the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock. This prospective study assessed the performance of IL-6 upon initial presentation to the intensive care unit (ICU). A primary analysis of the SYMON-I pilot clinical study (registered clinical trial number NCT06181604) highlighted that IL-6 levels within 24 hours of sepsis or septic shock diagnosis and admission to the ICU may predict patient mortality out to 28 days. Furthermore, a secondary outcome of the SYMON-I study showed that IL-6 levels within 24 hours of sepsis or septic shock diagnosis and admission to the ICU is a predictor of patient mortality during their hospitalization. Other secondary outcomes showed that lactate and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), standard clinical tests used for sepsis and septic shock patients, were not predictors of patient mortality out to 28 days. We believe that the findings underscore the potential importance of IL-6 as a predictor and provide new insights into the potential pathways for improving sepsis outcomes.
Using the data analysis from the SYMON-I pilot clinical study, we initiated the SYMON-II pivotal clinical study in the third quarter of 2024. The SYMON II clinical study has three components: (1) collection, freezing, and biobanking of patient samples, (2) measuring IL-6 concentrations in the biobanked samples near the end of patient enrollment or after the patient enrollment has completed, and (3) analysis of the IL-6 data with the patient outcomes to see if the established IL-6 cutoff value has been validated for 28-day all-cause mortality. Patient enrollment started during the fourth quarter of 2024. Our goal is to use the Symphony IL-6 test to complete the testing in the SYMON-II clinical trial.
If we are able to complete the SYMON-II clinical study and the results are positive, we intend to use the data generated from SYMON-II to support a 510(k) application to the FDA. This application is currently expected to be based on the following intended use: “Symphony IL-6 is intended for use to determine the IL-6 concentration as an aid in assessing the cumulative 28-day risk of all-cause mortality in conjunction with other laboratory findings and clinical assessments for patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock in the ICU.” We also plan to present the SYMON-I and SYMON-II results at future national scientific meetings and publish them in peer-reviewed journals. Subject to achieving needed funding and successfully addressing the technical challenges that our described above, our goal is to be in position to submit a 510(k) regulatory application to the FDA in the fourth quarter of 2027, with an objective of achieving FDA approval as early as the third quarter of 2028.
Our ability to engage in and complete the activities needed for an FDA submission will be contingent upon us addressing these and other challenges, including possessing and/or raising sufficient capital, remaining a going concern, and producing product capable of supporting our product requirements and meeting analytical validation and clinical validation.
Sales and Marketing
Until such time as Symphony products may be authorized by the FDA, our sales and marketing efforts are intended to focus on brand awareness and market education to potential customers, emphasizing the value of monitoring a critical care patient’s IL-6 levels to improve decision making and patient outcomes. If the device is cleared by the FDA, we intend to target sales to ERs and ICUs at United States hospitals, as well as to long-term acute care facilities. We hope to establish a market presence by selling Symphony devices and tests both directly and through various distribution channels to maximize sales volume and market penetration. In addition to our hope to sell Symphony for eventual use in the patient care market, we are also evaluating sales of Symphony devices for “research use only” purposes.
License Agreement
We depend on Toray’s intellectual property to develop the Symphony cartridges upon which the Symphony platform relies. On October 6, 2020, we entered into a License and Supply Agreement, as amended (the “License Agreement”), with Toray, providing us with an exclusive global license with Toray, excluding Japan, to use their patents and know-how related to the Symphony detection cartridges for the manufacturing, marketing and sale of the products (as defined in the License Agreement).
On October 23, 2023, we entered into an Amended and Restated License Agreement (the “New Toray License Agreement”) and a Master Supply Agreement (the “New Toray Supply Agreement” and, together, the “Toray Agreements”) with Toray. Under the New Toray License Agreement, we continue to license from Toray intellectual property rights needed to manufacture single-use test cartridges, and we have received the right to sublicense certain Toray intellectual property to Sanyoseiko in connection with our ongoing agreement with Sanyoseiko to manufacture our Symphony analyzers and cartridges. In addition, the New Toray License Agreement provides for the transfer of certain technology related to the cartridges to Sanyoseiko. The royalty payments we are required to pay Toray have been reduced under the New Toray License Agreement from 15% to 7.5% (or less in certain circumstances) of net sales of certain cartridges for a term of 10 years. A 50% reduction in the royalty rate applies upon expiry of applicable Toray patents on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis. The New Toray License Agreement contemplates that applicable royalty payment obligations from us to Toray for other products will be determined separately in the future.
We are currently preparing to transfer the intellectual property and know-how related to the cartridges to an in-house facility for redevelopment. After the cartridge redevelopment is completed, we plan to transfer the manufacturing process to an FDA-registered CMO for validation testing and commercial manufacturing. We do not currently expect to be able to complete this transfer prior to the end of 2026, at the earliest. If Toray were to assert that we have not established a facility to manufacture our cartridges prior to the expiration of the supply agreement (which is currently expected to occur in October 2025), Toray could assert that we are in material breach of the license agreement and seek to terminate it as early as November 2025. If Toray sought to terminate the license, and was successful in doing so, we would lose access to certain technology required to produce the cartridges that our Symphony system relies on to function, which would likely result in a material adverse effect on our commercialization efforts. We are in the process of negotiating an agreement with Toray to, among other things, clarify that Toray will not seek to terminate the license agreement in connection with the expiration of the supply agreement.
Intellectual Property, Proprietary Technology
In the fourth quarter of 2024, we submitted a provisional patent to the U.S. Patent Office. The provisional patent is to establish a priority date to protect certain utilizations of IL-6 with sepsis patients. We plan to file a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application in the fourth quarter of 2025 for the inventions.
We do not currently directly hold any granted patents. We rely on a combination either directly or through the License Agreement with Toray of patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark, confidentiality agreements, and contractual protection to establish and protect our proprietary rights. Of these patents we rely on, the protections expire internationally in 2027 and 2028, while Toray patents in the U.S. expire on March 18, 2029 and February 22, 2030. As described above, we are currently working toward a goal of achieving FDA approval of the Symphony product as early as the third quarter of 2028, which means that even if meet our timeline, the period of time we will have to commercialize our product under the protection of these patents is expected to be very narrow. See Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors - “We and Toray may be unable to protect or enforce the intellectual property rights licensed to us, which could impair our competitive position.”
In connection with prior development work performed by Bluejay, we plan to apply for patent protections related to certain design improvements made to the Symphony technology platform.
Competition
There are currently no FDA cleared or approved IL-6 tests on the market. There are IL-6 tests granted FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for use with only COVID-19 patients, including the Roche Cobas®, Siemens ADVIA Centaur® and Beckman Coulter Access 2®, which are laboratory size equipment and require pre-processing of whole blood prior to performing their test. We believe that Symphony, which is designed for many liquid sample types including whole blood, provides us with a substantial competitive advantage over our existing competition that will sustain through commercialization, despite the major life science companies and consistent entry of innovative start-ups that define our competitive landscape.
Government Regulation
The design, development, manufacture, testing and sale of our products in the U.S. are subject to regulation by numerous governmental authorities, principally the FDA, and corresponding state and local regulatory agencies.
FDA Regulation
Medical Devices
Generally, the products we develop must be cleared by the FDA before they are marketed in the United States. Before and after approval, authorization, or clearance in the United States, our products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA, as well as by other regulatory bodies. FDA regulations govern, among other things, the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, safety, storage, recordkeeping, market clearance, authorization or approval, advertising and promotion, import and export, marketing and sales, and distribution of medical devices, including IVDs. IVDs are a type of medical device and include reagents and instruments used in the diagnosis or detection of diseases, conditions or infections, including, without limitation, the presence of certain chemicals or other biomarkers. Predictive, prognostic and screening tests can also be IVDs.
In the United States, medical devices are subject to varying degrees of regulatory control and are classified in one of three classes depending on the extent of controls the FDA determines are necessary to reasonably ensure their safety and effectiveness:
● Class I: general controls, such as labeling and adherence to quality system regulations;
● Class II: special controls, premarket notification (often referred to as a 510(k)), specific controls such as performance standards, patient registries, post-market surveillance, additional controls such as labeling and adherence to quality system regulations; and
● Class III: special controls and requires a premarket approval (“PMA”).
FDA Premarket Clearance and Approval Requirements
Unless an exemption applies, each medical device commercially distributed in the United States requires either FDA clearance of a 510(k) premarket notification, approval of a de novo application, or approval of a premarket approval (PMA).
While most Class I devices are exempt from the 510(k) premarket notification requirement, manufacturers of most Class II devices are required to submit to the FDA a premarket notification under Section 510(k) of the FDCA requesting permission to commercially distribute the device. The FDA’s permission to commercially distribute a device subject to a 510(k) premarket notification is generally known as 510(k) clearance. Devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risks, such as life sustaining, life supporting or some implantable devices, or devices that have a new intended use, or use advanced technology that is not substantially equivalent to that of a legally marketed device, are placed in Class III, requiring approval of a PMA. Some pre-amendment devices are unclassified, but are subject to FDA’s premarket notification and clearance process in order to be commercially distributed. Our initial product is a Class II device subject to 510(k) clearance.
510(k) Clearance Marketing Pathway
To obtain 510(k) clearance, a company must submit to the FDA a premarket notification submission demonstrating that the proposed device is “substantially equivalent” to a predicate device already on the market. A predicate device is a legally marketed device that is not subject to PMA, i.e., a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments device) and for which a PMA is not required, a device that has been reclassified from Class III to Class II or I, or a device that was found substantially equivalent through the 510(k) process. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process usually takes from three to twelve months, but often takes longer. The FDA may require additional information, including clinical data, to make a determination regarding substantial equivalence. In addition, the FDA collects user fees for certain medical device submissions and annual fees for medical device establishments.
After a device receives 510(k) marketing clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change or modification in its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or, depending on the modification, PMA approval. The FDA requires each manufacturer to determine whether the proposed change requires submission of a 510(k) or a PMA in the first instance, but the FDA can review any such decision and disagree with a manufacturer’s determination. If the FDA disagrees with a manufacturer’s determination, the FDA can require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or request the recall of the modified device until 510(k) marketing clearance or PMA approval is obtained. Also, in these circumstances, the manufacturer may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties.
De Novo Classification
Devices of a new type that FDA has not previously classified based on risk are automatically classified into Class III by operation of section 513(f)(1) of the FDCA, regardless of the level of risk they pose. To avoid requiring PMA review of low- to moderate-risk devices classified in Class III by operation of law, Congress enacted section 513(f)(2) of the FDCA. This provision allows FDA to classify a low- to moderate-risk device not previously classified into Class I or II. After de novo authorization, an authorized device may be used as a predicate for future devices going through the 510(k) process.
The FDA has classified Symphony as de novo, a device of a new type that the FDA has not previously classified. Once obtained, a de novo authorization may lead to Symphony’s use as a predicate for future devices going through the 510(k) process.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are often required for a de novo authorization. All clinical investigations of devices to determine safety and effectiveness must be conducted in accordance with the FDA’s IDE regulations which govern investigational device labeling, prohibit promotion of the investigational device, and specify an array of recordkeeping, reporting and monitoring responsibilities of study sponsors and study investigators. If the device presents a “significant risk,” to human health, as defined by the FDA, the FDA requires the device sponsor to submit an IDE application to the FDA, which must become effective prior to commencing human clinical trials. A significant risk device is one that presents a potential for serious risk to the health, safety or welfare of a patient and either is implanted, used in supporting or sustaining human life, substantially important in diagnosing, curing, mitigating or treating disease or otherwise preventing impairment of human health, or otherwise presents a potential for serious risk to a subject. An IDE application must be supported by appropriate data, such as animal and laboratory test results, showing that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically sound. The IDE will automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA unless the FDA notifies the company that the investigation may not begin. If the FDA determines that there are deficiencies or other concerns with an IDE for which it requires modification, the FDA may permit a clinical trial to proceed under a conditional approval.
In addition, the study must be approved by, and conducted under the oversight of, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) for each clinical site. The IRB is responsible for the initial and continuing review of the IDE study and may pose additional requirements for the conduct of the study. If an IDE application is approved by the FDA and one or more IRBs, human clinical trials may begin at a specific number of investigational sites with a specific number of patients, as approved by the FDA. If the device presents a non-significant risk to the patient, a sponsor may begin the clinical trial after obtaining approval for the trial by one or more IRBs without separate approval from the FDA, but must still follow abbreviated IDE requirements, such as monitoring the investigation, ensuring that the investigators obtain informed consent, and labeling and record-keeping requirements. Acceptance of an IDE application for review does not guarantee that the FDA will allow the IDE to become effective and, if it does become effective, the FDA may or may not determine that the data derived from the trials support the safety and effectiveness of the device or warrant the continuation of clinical trials. An IDE supplement must be submitted to, and approved by, the FDA before a sponsor or investigator may make a change to the investigational plan that may affect its scientific soundness, study plan or the rights, safety or welfare of human subjects.
During a study, the sponsor is required to comply with the applicable FDA requirements, including, for example, trial monitoring, selecting clinical investigators and providing them with the investigational plan, ensuring IRB review, adverse event reporting, record keeping and prohibitions on the promotion of investigational devices or on making safety or effectiveness claims for them. The clinical investigators in the clinical study are also subject to FDA regulations and must obtain patient informed consent, rigorously follow the investigational plan and study protocol, control the disposition of the investigational device, and comply with all reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Additionally, after a trial begins, we, the FDA or the IRB could suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time for various reasons, including a belief that the risks to study subjects outweigh the anticipated benefits.
Sponsors of applicable clinical trials of devices also are required to register with www.clinicaltrials.gov, a public database of clinical trial information. Information related to the device, patient population, phase of investigation, study sites and investigators and other aspects of the clinical trial is made public as part of the registration. Although the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (QSR) does not fully apply to investigational devices, the requirement for controls on design and development does apply.
Post-market Regulation
After a device is cleared or approved for marketing, numerous and pervasive regulatory requirements continue to apply. These include:
● establishment registration and device listing with the FDA;
● QSR requirements, which require manufacturers, including third-party manufacturers, to follow stringent design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during all aspects of the design and manufacturing process;
● labeling regulations and FDA prohibitions against the promotion of investigational products, or the promotion of “off-label” uses of cleared or approved products;
● requirements related to promotional activities;
● clearance or approval of product modifications to 510(k)-cleared devices that could significantly affect safety or effectiveness or that would constitute a major change in intended use of one of our cleared devices, or approval of certain modifications to PMA-approved devices;
● medical device reporting regulations, which require that a manufacturer report to the FDA if a device it markets may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or has malfunctioned and the device or a similar device that it markets would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, if the malfunction were to recur;
● correction, removal and recall reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections and product recalls or removals if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FDCA that may present a risk to health;
● the FDA’s recall authority, whereby the agency can order device manufacturers to recall from the market a product that is in violation of governing laws and regulations; and
● post-market surveillance activities and regulations, which apply when deemed by the FDA to be necessary to protect the public health or to provide additional safety and effectiveness data for the device.
Once we have a commercialized product, our manufacturing processes will be required to comply with the applicable portions of the QSR, which cover the methods and the facilities and controls for the design, manufacture, testing, production, processes, controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, distribution, installation and servicing of finished devices intended for human use. The QSR also requires, among other things, maintenance of a device master file, device history file, and complaint files. As a manufacturer, we are subject to periodic scheduled or unscheduled inspections by the FDA. Our failure to maintain compliance with the QSR requirements could result in the shut-down of, or restrictions on, our manufacturing operations and the recall or seizure of our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. The discovery of previously unknown problems with any of our products, including unanticipated adverse events or adverse events of increasing severity or frequency, whether resulting from the use of the device within the scope of its clearance or off-label by a physician in the practice of medicine, could result in restrictions on the device, including the removal of the product from the market or voluntary or mandatory device recalls.
The FDA has broad regulatory compliance and enforcement powers. If the FDA determines that we failed to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it can take a variety of compliance or enforcement actions, which may result in any of the following sanctions:
● untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
● unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions;
● customer notifications or repair, replacement, refunds, recall, detention or seizure of our products;
● operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
● refusing or delaying our requests for regulatory approvals or clearances of new products or modified products;
● refusal to grant export approval for our products; or
● criminal prosecution.
Employees
As of March 21, 2025, we have 7 full-time employees, which includes two executive officers. We also contract with several consultants and contractors performing finance, accounting, regulatory advisory, investor relations and manufacturing scale-up support. To conserve costs, our President and Chief Executive Officer serves as our principal financial and accounting officer, in addition to being our principal executive officer. In addition, we do not employ any internal legal personnel. None of our employees are represented by labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Reverse Stock Splits and Increase to Authorized Capital
On July 24, 2023, we effected the first reverse stock split of our shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-20 (the “July 2023 Reverse Stock Split”). On June 20, 2024, we effected a second reverse stock split of our shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-8 (the “June 2024 Reverse Stock Split”). On November 18, 2024, we effected a third reverse stock split of our shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-50 (the “November 2024 Reverse Stock Split” and together with the July 2023 Reverse Stock Split and the June 2024 Reverse Stock Split, the “Reverse Stock Splits”). As such, collectively, the Company’s common stock has undergone reverse stock splits that have combined the shares on a 1-for-8,000 aggregate basis since July 2023. The Reverse Stock Splits became effective on the dates noted above, when the Company’s common stock opened for trading on Nasdaq on a post-split basis under the Company’s existing trading symbol, “BJDX.” All historical share and per share amounts reflected throughout this Form 10-K have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Splits. However, our periodic and current reports, and all other documents incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K that were filed prior to the dates noted above, do not give effect to the applicable Reverse Stock Splits.
On October 23, 2024, the stockholders of the Company approved and adopted an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s Common Stock to 250,000,000.
Available Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 360 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 203, Acton, MA 01720 and our telephone number is (844) 327-7078. Our website address is www.bluejaydx.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, proxy statements and other information about us are made available, free of charge, through the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Filings section of our website at www.ir.bluejaydx.com/financial-information/sec-filings and at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. We include our website address in this report only as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website. The contents of our website are not incorporated into this report.
In addition, our Board of Directors has adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all officers, directors and employees, which is available through the “Governance Overview” section of our website at www.ir.bluejaydx.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and by posting such information on the website address and location specified above.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities carries a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the other information in this Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K, before deciding whether to invest in our securities. If any or a combination of the following risks were to materialize, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially adversely affected. If that were to be the case, the market price of our securities could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Capital Requirements
We have incurred significant losses since our inception, do not currently generate any operating income, and expect to continue incurring losses as we work to obtain product approval, and thus we may never achieve or maintain profitability.
Since our inception, we have engaged primarily in development activities, including planning and implementing clinical trials to support commercialization and FDA approval of our Symphony platform. We have funded our operations primarily through debt and equity financings, and have incurred losses since inception, including a net loss of approximately $7.7 million and approximately $10.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and from our inception through December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $34.7 million.
We currently have no product revenue and we may not be able to commercialize our Symphony technology platform or achieve significant revenues or profitability. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability depends upon our ability, alone or with others, to complete the development process of our product candidates, including regulatory approvals, and thereafter achieve substantial acceptance in the marketplace for our products. We may be unable to achieve any or all of these goals.
We will require additional funding to finance our operations to continue as a going concern, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, and our lack of cash resources has slowed the timeline of our clinical trial work and could cause us to run out of cash resources in the near-term.
To date, we have relied primarily on private debt and equity financing to carry on our business. We have limited financial resources, negative cash flow from operations and no assurance that sufficient funding will be available to us to fund our operating expenses and to further our product development efforts and pursue clinical trials for FDA approval. Based on these and other factors, in our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we concluded that this circumstance raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the original issuance date of such financial statements. Similarly, in its report on the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our independent registered public accounting firm included an emphasis of matter paragraph stating that our recurring losses from operations and continued cash outflows from operating activities raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Absent further funding, we currently expect to run out of available cash resources during the third quarter of 2025. To achieve our current strategic plan, which strives to be in position to submit a 510(k) regulatory application to the FDA in the fourth quarter of 2027 and achieve FDA approval as early as the third quarter of 2028, we expect to need to raise at least $30 million of capital between the second quarter of 2025 and the end of the 2027 fiscal year, which we hope to do in various tranches during this time period. There can be no assurance that such additional capital will be available on a timely basis or on terms that will be acceptable to us. We currently do not have any contracts or commitments for additional financing. In addition, any additional equity financing may involve substantial dilution to our existing stockholders, or provide that an equity or debt financing source obtains rights to control the membership of our board of directors.
As a result of our lack of cash resources, we have slowed the timeline of our clinical trial work to preserve cash resources in the near-term. If we fail to obtain additional financing, we likely will be forced to abandon such activities entirely and file for bankruptcy protection, with the possible loss of such properties or assets (including the license to our core technology). Based on our explorations to date, we do not expect that any other strategic alternatives, such as a potential sale of the Company or its assets or other restructuring efforts, will be available to us in the near-term. As a result, any inability to obtain additional financing in the near-term, including a material amount of financing over the next 2-3 years, would likely result in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flow, financial condition and prospects and cause our stockholders to receive little or no return on their shares of common stock.
Since the initial public offering of our common stock in November 2021, the market price of our common stock has fallen by more than 99.9%, and we expect to need additional funding amounts substantially greater than the current market capitalization of our common stock, which may result in future dilution that coincides with further material declines in the trading price of our common stock beyond the substantial declines that have occurred in recent years.
Since the initial public offering of our common stock in November 2021, the market price of our common stock has fallen by more than 99.9%, including declines of greater than 80% per year in each of 2022, 2023 and 2024. During such period of time, we have conducted several public offerings of securities to raise additional capital, and in each case, the market price of our common stock has fallen substantially after the consummation of such offerings. As described above, we expect to need to raise at least $30 million of funding over the next 2-3 years - an aggregate amount approximately 15 times the current market capitalization of our outstanding common stock, and we do not expect to be able to complete necessary product re-development, troubleshooting and clinical trial work absent such material funding. This may cause new investors to demand terms in future offerings that substantially dilute existing shareholders, or result in such holders obtaining or being granted shareholder voting or board governance control positions, which could cause our common stock to fall further from current levels on a per share basis.
The number of shares of common stock underlying our outstanding warrants is several times greater than our currently outstanding common stock, which could have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future equity offerings. In addition, in connection with any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, holders of our outstanding warrants would be entitled to receive the Black Scholes value of such warrants, which may reduce the consideration otherwise available for payment to holders of our common stock.
As part of our public offerings of common stock in June 2024, January 2024 and August 2023, we issued warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2024, remaining warrants exercisable from these transactions included (i) Class C Common stock warrants to purchase 1,372,586 shares of common stock which are exercisable at a price of $16.30 per share, (ii) January 2024 Common Stock Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 7,201 shares of common stock at an exercise prices ranging from $520.00 to $650.00 per share and (iii) August 2023 Common Stock Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 576 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $2,896.00 to $3,684.00 per share. The June Class C Warrants, January 2024 Common Stock Warrants and August 2023 Common Stock Warrants are exercisable for five years from the date of issuance until various dates in 2029 or 2028, respectively.
The Class C Warrants, January 2024 Common Stock Warrants and August 2023 Common Stock Warrants are generally only exercisable solely by means of a cash exercise. A holder of these warrants (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the warrants to the extent that the holder would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately after exercise. The common stock warrants include certain rights upon “fundamental transactions” as described in the warrants, including the right of the holders thereof to receive from us or a successor entity cash or the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion) that is being offered and paid to the holders of common stock in such fundamental transaction in the amount of the Black Scholes value (as described in such warrants) of the unexercised portion of the applicable warrants on the date of the consummation of such fundamental transaction.
Although these warrants are subject to beneficial ownership limitations, upon exercise in full of the warrants, the shares issuable upon exercise would represent a significant portion of our outstanding common stock. As a result, the holders of these warrants may be able to exert substantial influence over our business. The concentration of voting power resulting from the exercise of the warrants could delay, defer or prevent a change of control, or delay or prevent a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us on terms that other stockholders may desire. In addition, conflicts of interest could arise in the future between us, on the one hand, and the holders of these warrants, concerning the issuance of additional securities and other matters. In addition, sales of these shares could cause the market price of our common stock to decline significantly.
We have registered the issuance of shares upon exercise of these warrants under registration statements. As a result, the shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance. Sales of these shares could cause the market price of our common stock to decline significantly. Furthermore, if our stock price rises, the holders of these warrants may be more likely to exercise their warrants and sell a large number of shares, which could negatively impact the market price of our common stock and reduce or eliminate any appreciation in our stock price that might otherwise occur.
Given the amount and terms of these warrants, we may find it more difficult to raise additional equity capital on favorable terms or at all while these warrants are outstanding.
Our ability to raise additional capital via a registered public offering on Form S-3 will be limited in the near-term as a result of the SEC’s “baby shelf” rules.
In June 2023 we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on June 20, 2023 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”). The Shelf Registration Statement allows us to sell from time to time up to $25 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, debentures, warrants, rights or units comprised of any combination of these securities, for our own account in one or more offerings. In August 2023, we completed a public offering under the Shelf Registration Statement pursuant to which we raised gross proceeds of approximately $1.6 million. Under applicable SEC rules, smaller companies like us are only permitted to raise up to 1/3rd of their public float under Form S-3 over a 12-month period. As a result, based on our current public float, we are only able to sell up to approximately $700,000 as of the date of this filing pursuant to our Form S-3, assuming we continue the applicable eligibility requirements thereof. This limit on our use of Form S-3 in the near-term may make it more difficult for us to raise equity capital in the public markets, as we expect to be required to conduct any such fundraising via private placements, or sales on Form S-1, which sales of Form S-1 may be more difficult for us to execute in a timely manner.
We may be obligated to current and/or prior financial advisors under engagement letters that we enter into from time to time, and we are currently subject to such an obligation.
As part of our capital raising and financial planning measures, we have entered into, and may in the future enter into, various engagement letters with financial advisors. Such engagement letters have included, and may in the future include, rights of first offer or refusal and similar provisions that require us to offer such financial advisors the right to serve as underwriter, placement agent or in similar roles in connection with certain future public or private financing transactions, or that require us to pay prior financial advisors fees in connection with certain transactions consummated using other financial advisors.
For example, our existing engagement letter with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”) provides that until June 3, 2025, Aegis shall have the right to act as sole book-running manager, sole underwriter, sole placement agent or sole agent, as applicable, if we decide to finance any indebtedness or decide to raise funds by means of a public offering, private placement or any other capital raising financing of equity, equity-linked or debt securities. If Aegis decides to accept such assignment, we are required to provide Aegis customary fees for transactions of similar size and nature (but in no event less than the fees provided to Aegis in the transactions they advised the Company on in mid-2024). It is possible that potential investors who would otherwise seek to invest in the Company will prefer to work with other banks, in which case we may be unable to pursue such transaction unless Aegis declines its right of first refusal with respect to such transaction.
The placement agent from our August 2023 Registered Direct Offering and January 2024 Public Offering could assert that they are entitled to a fee in connection with our June 2024 Public Offering.
In August 2023, we entered into an engagement letter with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Prior Placement Agent”), which was amended in October 2023, and pursuant to which the Prior Placement Agent served as the placement agent in our August 2023 public offering, August 2023 private placement and January 2024 public offering. Pursuant to this engagement letter, we provided the Prior Placement Agent a right of first refusal to serve as underwriter in any public offering or private placement we engaged in prior to January 2, 2025, and the right to receive compensation comparable to what it received in the August 2023 public offering and January 2024 public offering (e.g., 7% of the gross proceeds of such an offering and additional warrants exercisable at 125% of the offering price) in connection with such offering or placement. Prior to filing the registration statement with respect to our June 2024 public offering, we provided the Prior Placement Agent the opportunity to serve as underwriter for that transaction and it declined such opportunity. While we believe that the Prior Placement Agent is not entitled to any fees in connection with the June 2024 public offering given that it declined to serve as underwriter, the Prior Placement Agent could assert that it is nevertheless entitled to compensation under a separate “tail” provision included in the letter. While we believe such a position would be unreasonable and invalid, and we would intend to challenge it, any such assertion that is ultimately successful could cause us to pay an addition substantial fee (such as up to 7% of the proceeds from our June 2024 public offering) in connection with that offering.
Our common stock currently is listed for quotation on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We are required to meet specified financial requirements in order to maintain such listing, including a requirement that the bid price for our common stock remain above $1.00, and that the market value of our publicly held securities be at least $1 million.
Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed companies to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq Capital Market. As of the close of business on March 17, 2025, the most recent closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. was $4.07 per share. If the trading price were to fall below $1.00 per share, we would not be compliant this requirement. In such event, we would be subject to delisting, and because we consummated reverse stock splits during 2024 with a cumulative ratio of 1-for-400 (following an earlier reverse stock split in 2023 with a ratio of 1-for-20), we would be ineligible for any compliance period under recently implemented Nadsaq listing rules if this event occurred prior to June 20, 2026. As a result, such a decline in the price of our common stock, if it were to occur, would be expected to result in the prompt delisting of our common stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market.
In addition, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(5) requires the market value of our publicly held common stock (which is our only outstanding class of capital stock) to be at least $1 million. As of the close of business on March 17, 2025, such market value of our publicly held common stock was approximately $1.7 million. If the market value of our publicly held common stock declines below $1 million, we would also be subject to Nasdaq delisting proceedings on that basis.
Nasdaq’s staff also maintains discretionary authority under its listing rules to delist companies whose capital structure or public offerings raise public interest and investor protection concerns, including as a result of highly dilutive issuances, and it is possible that Nasdaq could assert that past offerings that we have consummated, or future offerings we may consummate, raise such concerns. In addition, to raise the significant amount of capital that we expect to need to fund our strategic plan, potential investors may require us to accept terms (such as board representation rights in excess of an investor’s beneficial ownership of our common stock) that could conflict with Nasdaq listing standards and result in us being delisted.
If our common stock is delisted, we may seek to have our common stock quoted on an over-the-counter marketplace, such as on the OTCQX. The OTCQX is not a stock exchange, and if our common stock trades on the OTCQX rather than a securities exchange, there may be significantly less trading volume and analyst coverage of, and significantly less investor interest in, our common stock, which may lead to lower trading prices for our common stock.
Any potential delisting of our common stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market may have materially adverse consequences to our stockholders, including:
● A reduced market price and liquidity with respect to our shares of common stock;
● limited dissemination of the market price of our common stock;
● limited news coverage;
● limited interest by investors in our common stock;
● volatility of the prices of our common stock, due to low trading volume;
● our common stock being considered a “penny stock,” which would result in broker-dealers participating in sales of our common stock being subject to the regulations set forth in Rules 15g-2 through 15g-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act;
● increased difficulty in selling our common stock in certain states due to “blue sky” restrictions; and
● limited ability to issue additional securities or to secure additional financing.
Risks Related to Our Business
We are subject to the risks associated with new businesses.
We are effectively a new business with a plan to commercialize our licensed technology. Our limited operating history may not be adequate to enable you to fully assess our ability to develop and market our Symphony platform and test cartridges, assuming we receive regulatory clearances, for which there is no assurance, and respond to competition. Our efforts to date have related to the organization and formation of our Company, research and development and performing clinical trials. We have no approved products, have not yet generated sustainable revenue, and we cannot guarantee we will ever be able to generate future revenues. Therefore, we are, and expect for the foreseeable future to be, subject to all the risks and uncertainties, inherent in a new business focused on the development and sale of new medical devices. As a result, we may be unable to further develop, obtain regulatory approval for, manufacture, market, sell and derive revenues from our Symphony platform and test cartridges and the other product candidates in our pipeline, and our inability to do so would materially and adversely impact our viability. In addition, we still must optimize many functions necessary to operate a business, including expanding our managerial, personnel and administrative structure, continuing product research and development, and assessing and commencing our marketing activities.
Accordingly, you should consider our prospects in light of the costs, uncertainties, delays and difficulties frequently encountered by companies that have not yet commercialized their products, particularly those in the medical device field. In particular, potential investors should consider that there is a significant risk that we will not be able to:
● implement or execute our current business plan, or that our business plan is sound;
● maintain our management team and Board of Directors;
● determine that the technologies that have been developed are commercially viable;
● attract, enter into or maintain contracts with, and retain customers; and
● raise any necessary additional funds in the capital markets or otherwise to effectuate our business plan.
In the event that we do not successfully address these risks, our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Our license and supply agreements with Toray, which relate to the license of the core technology used in our Symphony Cartridges and the supply of cartridge intermediates from Toray to SanyoSeiko for SanyoSeiko to manufacture cartridges for Bluejay, are subject to significant risks that may threaten our viability or otherwise have a material adverse effect on us and our business, assets and its prospects.
We have an exclusive license with Toray for the entire world, excluding Japan, to use their patents and know-how related to our Symphony test cartridges for the manufacturing, marketing and sale of such products. We also have a nonexclusive license for manufacturing purposes in Japan. We have a right to sublicense these Toray patents and know-how (upon either (a) obtaining consent from Toray prior to obtaining FDA approval or (b) giving notice to Toray after obtaining FDA approval), and for the purpose of obtaining FDA approval, we will need to exercise this sublicence to have the cartridges manufactured for Bluejay by a Japanese manufacturer, SanyoSeiko, Inc. (“SanyoSeiko”). We have no contractual rights to the intellectual property covered in the license agreement other than as expressly set forth therein. Our plans, business, prospects and viability are substantially dependent on that intellectual property and subject to the limitations relating thereto as set forth in the license agreement. Some of the risks this may give rise to are described below.
● We are currently preparing to transfer this intellectual property and know-how on the Symphony cartridge manufacturing to an in-house facility for redevelopment. After the cartridge redevelopment is completed, we plan to transfer the manufacturing process to an FDA-registered CMO for validation testing and commercial manufacturing. We do not expect to be able to complete this transfer prior to the end of 2026, at the earliest. If Toray were to assert that we have not established a facility to manufacture our cartridges prior to the expiration of the supply agreement (which is currently expected to occur in October 2025), Toray could assert that we are in material breach of the license agreement and seek to terminate it as early as November 2025. If Toray sought to terminate the license, and was successful in doing so, we would lose access to certain technology required to produce the cartridges that our Symphony system relies on to function, which would likely result in a material adverse effect on our commercialization efforts. We are in the process of negotiating an agreement with Toray to, among other things, clarify that Toray will not seek to terminate the license agreement in connection with the expiration of the supply agreement.
● After the receipt of regulatory approval in a country, we are required to pay Toray a minimum royalty of $60,000 for the initial year that royalties are payable increasing to a minimum of $100,000 thereafter, regardless of the actual amount of sales by us of licensed products. Accordingly, we could be obligated to pay royalties even though we have generated no or limited revenue. Such payments could materially and adversely affect our profitability and could limit our investment in our business.
● Toray may not be able to provide all necessary know-how related to the test cartridges, which may increase the time and cost of remediating product defects, or impair our ability to timely scale up cartridge manufacturing.
● The license and regulatory approvals (once obtained) are non-assignable. These restrictions may limit our flexibility to structure our operations in the most advantageous manner.
● At our sole expense, we must file for, prosecute the application for, and obtain all regulatory approvals for the licensed products and obtain all legal permits necessary for promoting, marketing, offering or selling each licensed product. The regulatory approval process can be expensive and time consuming, and there can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain any or all required permits.
● We are required to use reasonable efforts to obtain market approval for the products in the United States or the European Union by October 2026 or we may lose exclusivity in territory of the license agreement with Toray. We will not obtain market approval by this date, and we are in the process of negotiating with Toray to, among other things, extend this date.
● We are required to use reasonable efforts to start commercial sales by October 2028, though this period may be extended in 6-month increments for up to 2 years in total if such inability to start commercial sales is due to reasons not attributable to us. If we are unable to start commercial sales by such later date, Toray would have the right to terminate the license agreement or make it non-exclusive.
● Except with respect to (a) Toray’s ownership of, or rights to license, all intellectual property rights in respect of the licensed property and (b) Toray’s applicable patents being duly maintained and in effect, Toray provides no, and disclaims all, representations, warranties or covenants relating to the licensed intellectual property or any other matters under the license agreement and in particular disclaims any fitness of the intellectual property for any purpose or any warranty against infringement of any third-party patent. These provisions limit our recourse in the event that the licensed intellectual property is flawed, defective, inadequate, incomplete, uncommercial, wrongly described or otherwise not useful for our purposes. We have not independently verified all of the technical, scientific, commercial, legal, medical or other circumstances or nature of the licensed intellectual property and therefore there can be no assurances that any of the foregoing risks have been reduced or eliminated. We have performed numerous evaluations of the Symphony product and have identified numerous risks. These risks are described below. These provisions represent a significant risk of a material adverse impact on us, our business and our prospects.
● While we are in principle permitted, even after the license agreement expires or is terminated, to continue manufacturing and selling products that incorporate Toray intellectual property and the royalties for which are fully paid up, if we commit certain material breaches of the agreement, Bluejay may be obligated to use reasonable efforts to arrange for the transfer to Toray of FDA or any other regulatory approvals for any products the royalties for which are not fully paid up. Where any such transfer is possible and approved by the regulator (if necessary), then depending on the nature of the material breach, we may be required to undertake the transfer at no cost to Toray or on reasonable terms and conditions. The loss of any such market approvals, especially if we are unable to receive any consideration for them, could have a material adverse impact on us, our business and our prospects, and depending on the timing and extent of the loss, it could even threaten our viability.
In addition, see the risks in “Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property” below. These risks are not the only risks inherent in the license agreement with Toray.
As an intermediate step to commercial viability, we need to demonstrate that our IL-6 samples do not degrade over time, and our premise would be undermined if we fail to do so.
We are currently conducting testing to demonstrate specimen stability, which will be important to our future development efforts. Confirming stability of the samples collected from the SYMON-II clinical study is one of the integral aspects that we will have to establish before we can proceed to FDA clearance. We plan to establish sample stability using standard plate ELISA technology. Once Symphony is operational, we plan to perform a bridging study to demonstrate specimen stability commutability. If we fail to prove that IL-6 is stable over time, we might have to redesign our business plan.
There is a risk that validation of the primary outcome measure of our SYMON-I study will not achieve statistical significance.
Although our SYMON-I study found promising results, there is a risk that subsequent validation will not achieve statistical significance, which would render those results subject to scrutiny and subject us to setbacks, including having to redesign our preliminary study at considerable expense and time delay.
There is a risk of our cartridges not passing analytical validation, one of the key requirements of FDA approval.
There is a risk that our cartridges, a core component of our Symphony system, will not pass analytical validation due to failures in performance. We are working on plans to redevelop the cartridges in order to reduce this risk, but we cannot be sure that our attempts will be successful until they have been tested and have successfully passed analytical validation themselves.
We are currently only pursuing one aspect of analytical validation and we cannot be certain how long the remaining tests will take us.
Analytical validation is comprised of a series of studies to validate test performance by testing precision, reproducibility, interference, linearity, detection capability, high-dose hook, hematocrit tolerance, specimen stability, cartridge stability, sample carry-over, reference range, and matrix comparison. Currently, we are only pursuing specimen stability and have paused all other analytical testing until the Symphony IL-6 redevelopment and manufacturing transfer has been completed and Symphony IL-6 cartridges are available, which we expect will not occur sooner than the end of 2026. Uncertainties in the timeline make it difficult for us to precisely forecast when we will be able to move on to the rest of the FDA-required studies needed in order to gain approval for our product.
FDA requirements could change prior to submission and lead to delays and additional costs.
The Symphony analyzer has previously passed all safety validations required by the FDA. However, we plan to reperform some of the validations surrounding electromagnetic compatibility and safety standards due to a recent FDA requirement changes. Should other FDA standards change, we could need to perform those tests as well, incurring additional expenses and delays that are impossible to predict due to the uncertain nature of what standards the FDA might change in the future.
The FDA could request additional data or testing after our application submission, requiring additional costs and delaying approval.
Although we have had a pre-submission meeting with FDA and included FDA feedback into our plan, the FDA could decide to request additional data or testing after we have submitted our FDA application. This could result in significant additional costs generated in the process of gathering whatever additional data or developing and running the additional testing requested by the FDA. Furthermore, it can take several months to years to conduct testing and collect data, and depending on the extent of the FDA’s additional request, the delay caused could be significant. During any such period of delay, not only would we be incurring the additional expenses of the testing, but we would also continue to not generate any revenue.
We depend on, and are liable for, SanyoSeiko as our Symphony analyzer contract manufacturing organization (CMO), so its inability or failure to perform appropriately in that capacity may threaten our viability or have a material adverse effect on us and our business, assets and its prospects.
We are dependent on SanyoSeiko to maintain compliance with the FDA requirements, and continuously manufacture and supply us with our Symphony analyzers. If SanyoSeiko is unable to do so for any reason and we are unable to activate a new CMO to produce analyzers, we may be unable to obtain FDA approval and commence any commercial sales or unable to supply products to our customers in a timely manner or at all, either of which could threaten our viability.
We are also liable for SanyoSeiko’s performance and actions as our CMO, and any breach by SanyoSeiko of our license and/or supply agreements with Toray may have a material adverse effect on us and our business.
If we can not find a suitable CMO for the manufacturing of our Symphony cartridges, requiring additional costs and delaying FDA approval.
We plan to redevelop the Symphony cartridge and once redevelopment is completed, we plan to transfer manufacturing to a FDA-registered CMO for the manufacturing of Symphony cartridges to support validations and commercialization. If we are unable to find a suitable CMO, we will have to establish manufacturing internally, which may result in additional costs and delays to our FDA application submission.
We have not yet launched any products and the ability to do so will depend on the acceptance of our Symphony platform in the healthcare market.
We have not yet launched or received regulatory approvals in any country or territory for our Symphony platform or test cartridges. Even if we receive regulatory approvals, we are faced with the risk that our Symphony platform will not be accepted over competing products and that we will be unable to enter the marketplace or compete effectively. We cannot assure you that our Symphony platform or test cartridges will gain market acceptance. If the market for our future products fails to develop or develops more slowly than expected, or if any of the technology and standards supported by us do not achieve or sustain market acceptance, our business and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
We cannot accurately predict the volume or timing of any sales, making the timing of any revenues difficult to predict.
We may be faced with lengthy and unpredictable customer evaluation and approval processes associated with our Symphony platform. Consequently, we may incur substantial expenses and devote significant management effort and expense in developing customer adoption of our Symphony platform, which may not result in revenue generation. We must also obtain regulatory approvals of our Symphony platform and test cartridges in jurisdictions in which we pursue approvals, which is subject to risk and potential delays. The same risks apply to other tests we may develop based on our Symphony platform. As such, we cannot accurately predict the volume, if any, or timing of any future sales.
If third-party payors do not provide coverage and reimbursement for the use of our platform, our business and prospects may be negatively impacted.
Third-party payors, whether governmental or commercial, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In addition, in certain countries, no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for medical device products and services exists among third-party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for medical device products and services can differ significantly from payor to payor. In addition, payors continually review new technologies for possible coverage and can, without notice, deny coverage for these new products and procedures. As a result, the coverage determination process is often a time-consuming and costly process that will require us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained.
Our Symphony platform, including its software and systems, may contain undetected errors, which could limit our ability to provide our products and diminish the attractiveness of our offerings.
Our Symphony platform may contain undetected errors, defects, or bugs. As a result, our customers or end users may discover errors or defects in our products, software or systems, or our products, software or systems may not operate as expected. We may discover significant errors or defects in the future that we may not be able to fix. Our inability to fix any of those errors could limit our ability to provide our products and services, impair the reputation of our brand and diminish the attractiveness of our product and service offerings to our customers.
In addition, we may utilize third party technology or components in our products, and we rely on those third parties to provide support services to us. The existence of errors, defects, or bugs in third party technology or components, or the failure of those third parties to provide necessary support services to us, could materially adversely impact our business.
We will rely on the proper function, security and availability of our information technology systems and data to operate our business, and a breach, cyber-attack or other disruption to these systems or data could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, reputation, or competitive position.
We will depend on sophisticated software and other information technology systems to operate our business, including to process, transmit and store sensitive data, and our future products and services may include information technology systems that collect data regarding patients. We could experience attempted or actual interference with the integrity of, and interruptions in, our technology systems, as well as data breaches, such as cyber-attacks, malicious intrusions, breakdowns, interference with the integrity of our products and data or other significant disruptions. Furthermore, we may rely on third-party vendors to supply and/or support certain aspects of our information technology systems. These third-party systems could also become vulnerable to cyber-attack, malicious intrusions, breakdowns, interference, or other significant disruptions, and may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could result in system disruption or compromise the information security of our own systems.
If in the future we pursue foreign jurisdictions, such international operations will mean that we are subject to laws and regulations, including data protection and cybersecurity laws and regulations, in many jurisdictions. Furthermore, there has been a developing trend of civil lawsuits and class actions relating to breaches of consumer data held by large companies or incidents arising from other cyber-attacks. Any data security breaches, cyber-attacks, malicious intrusions or significant disruptions could result in actions by regulatory bodies and/or civil litigation, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, reputation, or competitive position.
In addition, our information technology systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect, and enhance existing systems and develop new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving legal and regulatory standards, the increasing need to protect patient and customer information, changes in the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to data and information systems, and the information technology needs associated any new products and services. There can be no assurance that our process of consolidating, protecting, upgrading and expanding our systems and capabilities, continuing to build security into the design of our products, and developing new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology will be successful or that additional systems issues will not arise in the future.
If our information technology systems, products or services or sensitive data are compromised, patients or employees could be exposed to financial or medical identity theft or suffer a loss of product functionality, and we could lose existing customers, have difficulty attracting new customers, have difficulty preventing, detecting, and controlling fraud, be exposed to the loss or misuse of confidential information, have disputes with customers, physicians, and other health care professionals, suffer regulatory sanctions or penalties, experience increases in operating expenses or an impairment in our ability to conduct our operations, incur expenses or lose revenues as a result of a data privacy breach, product failure, information technology outages or disruptions, or suffer other adverse consequences including lawsuits or other legal action and damage to our reputation.
If we are not able to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, scientific and technical personnel, we may not be able to implement our business model successfully, and our limited cash resources could require us to make further cost reductions.
We believe that our management team must be able to act decisively to apply and adapt our business model in the markets in which we will compete. Our future performance depends to a large extent on the continued services of members of our current management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, Neil Dey, and our Chief Technology Officer, Jason Cook. In addition, we rely upon technical and scientific employees or third-party contractors to effectively establish, manage and grow our business. Consequently, we believe that our future viability will depend largely on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, sales, scientific and technical personnel.
In order to do so, we may need to pay higher compensation or fees to our employees or consultants than we currently expect, and such higher compensation payments would have a negative effect on our operating results. Competition for experienced, high-quality personnel is intense and we cannot assure that we will be able to recruit and retain such personnel, or that we will possess the cash resources to do so. For example, our limited cash resources have caused us to reduce our overall full-time employment headcount to 7 persons, and we could need to implement further personnel-related cost reductions in the near-term. As such, we may not be able to hire or retain the necessary personnel to implement our business strategy. For example, Mr. Dey is currently serving as our principal financial and accounting officer, in addition to serving as our principal executive officer. Our failure to hire and retain such personnel could impair our ability to develop new products and manage our business effectively. In the event that we lose the continued services of such key personnel for any reason, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and prospects.
If we are not able to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, scientific and technical personnel, we may not be able to implement our business model successfully, and our limited cash resources could require us to make further cost reductions.
We believe that our management team must be able to act decisively to apply and adapt our business model in the markets in which we will compete. Our future performance depends to a large extent on the continued services of members of our current management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, Neil Dey, and our Chief Technology Officer, Jason Cook. In addition, we rely upon technical and scientific employees or third-party contractors to effectively establish, manage and grow our business. Consequently, we believe that our future viability will depend largely on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, sales, scientific and technical personnel. In addition, given our small headcount, the loss of existing employees (including our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer) could result in the loss of institutional knowledge relating to our product development that would be difficult for us to replace.
We do not have a meaningful amount of authorized shares remaining under our equity compensation plans and therefore cannot incentivize our directors and employees with non-cash compensation.
We have undergone a series of reverse stock splits at a cumulative ratio of 1-for-8,000 over the last two years. As a result, the authorized shares in our stock compensation plans have been correspondingly reduced, and we only possess a de minimus amount of equity under our 2018 Stock Incentive Plan and our 2021 Stock Plan. As a result, we currently cannot incentivize our directors and employees with non-cash compensation, and even if we possessed such available shares, the substantial declines in the value of our common stock in each of the prior three years may substantially depress the desired incentive effects of using such shares for compensatory purposes. We believe that stock incentive plans serve to closely align the interests of directors and officers with the interests of the Company’s shareholders, and without this tool we are left paying all compensation in cash. In 2024, cash fees paid to non-employee directors were $380,000 in the aggregate and cash fees paid to our two executive officers were $526,000. Given our lack of available equity incentives as a compensatory tool, we expect to continue incurring significant cash compensation expense relative to our overall market capitalization.
If we or our manufacturers fail to comply with the regulatory quality system regulations or any applicable equivalent regulations, our proposed operations could be interrupted, and our operating results would suffer.
We and any third-party manufacturers and suppliers of ours will be required, to the extent of applicable regulation, to follow the quality system regulations of each jurisdiction we will seek to penetrate and also will be subject to the regulations of these jurisdictions regarding the manufacturing processes. If we or any third-party manufacturers or suppliers of ours are found to be in significant non-compliance or fail to take satisfactory corrective action in response to adverse regulatory findings in this regard, regulatory agencies could take enforcement actions against us and such manufacturers or suppliers, which could impair or prevent our ability to produce our products in a cost-effective and timely manner in order to meet customers’ demands. Accordingly, our operating results would suffer.
Product liability suits, whether or not meritorious, could be brought against us due to an alleged defective product or for the misuse of our Symphony platform or test cartridges. These suits could result in expensive and time-consuming litigation, payment of substantial damages, and an increase in our insurance rates.
If our Symphony platform or test cartridges, or any future tests based on our Symphony platform, are defectively designed or manufactured, contain defective components or are misused, or if someone claims any of the foregoing, whether or not meritorious, we may become subject to substantial and costly litigation. Misusing our devices or failing to adhere to the operating guidelines or our devices producing inaccurate readings could cause significant harm to patients. In addition, if our operating guidelines are found to be inadequate, we may be subject to liability. Product liability claims could divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend and result in sizable damage awards against us. While we expect to maintain product liability insurance, we may not have sufficient insurance coverage for all future claims. Any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, could harm our reputation in the industry and could reduce revenue. Product liability claims in excess of our insurance coverage would be paid out of cash reserves harming our financial condition and adversely affecting our results of operations.
If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business.
There are a number of laws around the world protecting the confidentiality of certain patient health information, including patient records, and restricting the use and disclosure of that protected information. Privacy rules protect medical records and other personal health information by limiting their use and disclosure, giving individuals the right to access, amend and seek accounting of their own health information and limiting most use and disclosures of health information to the minimum amount reasonably necessary to accomplish the intended purpose. We may face difficulties in holding such information in compliance with applicable law. If we are found to be in violation of the privacy rules, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities, harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Significant raw material shortages, supplier capacity constraints, supplier disruptions, and sourcing issues may adversely impact or limit our products sales and or impact our product margins.
Our key suppliers are limited- or sole-source suppliers. Disruptions in deliveries, capacity constraints, production disruptions up- or down-stream, price increases, or decreased availability of raw materials or commodities, including as a result of war, natural disasters (including the effects of climate change such as sea level rise, drought, flooding, wildfires and more intense weather events), actual or threatened public health emergencies or other business continuity events, adversely affect our operations and, depending on the length and severity of the disruption, can limit our ability to meet our commitments to customers or significantly impact our operating profit or cash flows.
Specific raw materials used in the production of Symphony IL-6 cartridges are being discontinued or are otherwise limited in supply and the process of finding a suitable substitute could be expensive, use important resources, reduce the efficacy of the platform, or lead to other delays and setbacks.
Several raw materials used in production of Symphony IL-6 cartridges are being discontinued and we will need to validate new materials to use as substitutes. These materials include hydrophobic coating solution, side film plastic laminate, and antibody. Testing new raw materials at the same time that we are testing to discover the previously discussed instability in the product introduces additional variables that could make it more difficult for us to discover the source of the instability, adding extra expense and delay. We cannot currently predict what substitute materials will be found to work for the discontinued ones, whether they will perform as well, their availability, or their precise cost.
We do not currently have sufficient supply to or know-how from Toray to reproduce the capture antibody in the Symphony IL-6 cartridges.
The procedures Toray has provided to us on manufacture of the capture antibody we use in our product are incomplete. To address this, we plan to develop manufacturing process for or procure from third-party vendor the immunogen source. We plan to use industry-standard polyclonal antibody manufacturing using this immunogen. If we are unable to do so, we expect that we would need to find a substitute that is different from Toray’s original design. We expect that it could currently take over one year for us to complete work on the capture antibody, and any additional delay would further increase our expected timeline to FDA approval and commercialization further into the future, and require additional funding beyond the amount that we currently forecast.
We might not be able to discover the underlying cause of a Symphony performance reproducibility issue, and if the issues are inherent in the design of the platform we might have to redesign our approach.
We continue to face a performance reproducibility issue with the Symphony cartridges, and we have been unable to discover the cause to date. Our efforts to redevelop the cartridge might not adequately resolve the issues if they are inherent to the design of the cartridge. If the issue lies in these or similarly difficult-to-address areas, we might need to redesign our approach, which would likely be expensive and significantly delay the FDA approval process.
If there is a shift in customer demand for the type of near-patient diagnostic test that we are working to develop, we would be left without a commercially marketable product in the pipeline.
Our only viable product in development at this time is a near-patient diagnostic test. If there is a shift in consumer demand away from such tests, for any reason, by or before the time we are ready to reach the market, we might find ourselves without a viable product sales market. We cannot be certain that there will be demand for our product by the time it is ready for commercial use or sale, and if there is not, we could be left without a revenue-generating product, as we do not currently have any other products under development.
Risks Related to Product Development and Regulatory Approval
We adapted our clinical trial design in 2023 to obtain more patient data to reflect recent FDA feedback, and our regulatory pathway remains subject to further FDA review and feedback and the results of ongoing and future clinical studies.
Our current regulatory strategy is designed to support commercialization of Symphony in the United States pending marketing authorization from the FDA. Previously, our regulatory strategy involved clinical studies involving COVID-19 patients. However, we have shifted our focus away from COVID-19 patients due to a significant decline in the number of COVID-19 related hospitalizations. Pursuant to this revised strategy, we are beginning to conduct a clinical study to support an FDA regulatory submission with an initial indication for risk stratification of hospitalized sepsis patients. We submitted a pre-submission application to the FDA presenting the new study design in May 2023 and participated in a pre-submission meeting on August 11, 2023. At the meeting, the FDA provided feedback on the new study design, determined that the submission of a 510(k) is the appropriate premarket submission pathway, and requested that certain data be provided in the 510(k). Based on this feedback, we determined to proceed on this basis, which considers the FDA’s feedback.
In the second quarter of 2024, we completed a multicenter SYmphony IL-6 MONitoring Sepsis (“SYMON”) clinical study investigating the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock. This prospective study assessed the performance of IL-6 upon initial presentation to the intensive care unit (ICU). A primary analysis of the SYMON-I pilot clinical study (registered clinical trial number NCT06181604) highlighted that IL-6 levels within 24 hours of sepsis or septic shock diagnosis and admission to the ICU may predict patient mortality out to 28 days. Furthermore, a secondary outcome of the SYMON-I study showed that IL-6 levels within 24 hours of sepsis or septic shock diagnosis and admission to the ICU is a predictor of patient mortality during their hospitalization. Other secondary outcomes showed that lactate and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), standard clinical tests used for sepsis and septic shock patients, were not predictors of patient mortality out to 28 days. We believe that the findings underscore the potential importance of IL-6 as a predictor and provide new insights into the potential pathways for improving sepsis outcomes.
Using the data analysis from the SYMON-I pilot clinical study, we initiated the SYMON-II pivotal clinical study in the third quarter of 2024. The SYMON II clinical study has three components: (1) collection, freezing, and biobanking of patient samples, (2) measuring IL-6 concentrations in the biobanked samples near the end of patient enrollment or after the patient enrollment has completed, and (3) analysis of the IL-6 data with the patient outcomes to see if the established IL-6 cutoff value has been validated for 28-day all-cause mortality. Patient enrollment started during the fourth quarter of 2024.
After our Symphony IL-6 cartridges are redeveloped, transferred to a CMO, and pass analytical validation, our goal is to use the Symphony IL-6 test to complete the testing in the SYMON-II clinical trial.
As a result of our lack of cash resources and timeline associated with cartridge redevelopment, we have recently slowed the timeline of this study to preserve cash resources in the near-term, and we expect that these delays will prevent us from submitting an FDA application for our Symphony platform within the next 30 months.
Although we believe that we have a sound strategy for obtaining FDA regulatory approval and clearance, there can be no assurance that it will ultimately be obtained. Reasons that approval and clearance might not be obtained, on our expected timeline or at all, include that we are unable to complete our planned studies (due to lack of funding, delays or interruptions in the manufacturing of quality-sufficient cartridges needed to be used in the study, or otherwise), that clinical results are not sufficient to demonstrate required efficacy, or that the FDA does not agree with our study design or aspects of our submission. In addition, the FDA could also change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations, or revise existing regulations, or take other actions which could prevent or delay approval or clearance. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Delays in the Symphony cartridge redevelopment and manufacturing transfer to a CMO could negatively affect our timeline for the FDA submission of Symphony.
We plan to redevelop the Symphony cartridge to achieve performance requirements. Delays in the redevelopment or transfer will negatively affect our timeline for the FDA submission of Symphony.
Our ability to engage in and complete the activities needed for an FDA submission will be contingent upon us addressing these and other challenges, including possessing and/or raising sufficient capital, remaining a going concern, and producing product capable of supporting our product requirements and meeting analytical validation, clinical validation. The delays described above, coupled with our lack of cash resources, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The regulatory approval process which we may be required to navigate may be expensive, time-consuming, and uncertain and may prevent us from obtaining clearance for our planned products.
We intend to market our Symphony platform and test cartridges following regulatory approval. To date, we have not received regulatory approval in any jurisdiction. The research, design, testing, manufacturing, labeling, selling, marketing, and distribution of medical devices are subject to extensive regulation by country-specific regulatory authorities, which regulations differ from country to country. There can be no assurance that, even after such time and expenditures, we will be able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for clinical testing or for the manufacturing or marketing of any products. In addition, during the regulatory process, other companies may develop other technologies with the same intended use as our products.
We also will be subject to numerous post-marketing regulatory requirements, which may include labeling regulations and medical device reporting regulations, which may require us to report to different regulatory agencies if our device causes or contributes to a death or serious injury, or malfunctions in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. In addition, these regulatory requirements may change in the future in a way that adversely affects us. If we fail to comply with present or future regulatory requirements that are applicable to us, we may be subject to enforcement action by regulatory agencies, which may include, among others, any of the following sanctions:
● warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
● customer notification, or orders for repair, replacement, or refunds;
● voluntary or mandatory recall or seizure of our products;
● imposing operating restrictions, suspension, or shutdown of production;
● refusing our requests for clearance or pre-market approval of new products, new intended uses or modifications to any products;
● rescinding clearance or suspending or withdrawing pre-market approvals that have already been granted; and
● criminal prosecution.
The occurrence of any of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Product clearances and approvals can often be denied or significantly delayed.
Under FDA regulations, unless exempt, a new medical device may only be commercially distributed after it has received 510(k) clearance, is authorized through the de novo classification process, or is the subject of a PMA. The FDA will clear marketing of a medical device through the 510(k) process if it is demonstrated that the new product is substantially equivalent to another legally marketed product not subject to a PMA. Sometimes, a 510(k) clearance must be supported by preclinical and clinical data.
The PMA process typically is more costly, lengthy, and stringent than either the 510(k) process or the de novo classification process. Unlike a 510(k) review, which determines “substantial equivalence,” a PMA requires that the applicant demonstrate reasonable assurance that the device is safe and effective by producing valid scientific evidence, including data from preclinical studies and human clinical trials. Therefore, to obtain regulatory clearance or approvals, we typically must, among other requirements, provide the FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities with preclinical and clinical data that demonstrate to their satisfaction that our products satisfy the criteria for approval. Preclinical testing and clinical trials must comply with the regulations of the FDA and other government authorities in the United States and similar agencies in other countries.
We may be required to obtain PMAs, PMA supplements, de novo classification, or additional 510(k) pre-market clearances to market modifications to our products once they are approved and commercialized. The FDA requires device manufacturers to make and document a determination of whether a device modification requires approval or clearance; however, the FDA can review a manufacturer’s decision. The FDA may not agree with our decisions not to seek approvals or clearances for particular device modifications. If the FDA requires us to obtain PMAs, PMA supplements or pre-market clearances for any modification to a previously cleared or approved device, we may be required to cease manufacturing and marketing of the modified device and perhaps also to recall such modified device until we obtain FDA clearance or approval. We may also be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties.
The FDA may not clear or approve our product submissions or applications on a timely basis or at all. Such delays or refusals could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The FDA may also change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations, or revise existing regulations, or take other actions which may prevent or delay approval or clearance of our products under development or impact our ability to modify our currently approved or cleared products on a timely basis. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
International regulatory approval processes may take more or less time than the FDA’s clearance or approval process. If we fail to comply with applicable FDA and comparable non-U.S. regulatory requirements, we may not receive regulatory clearances or approvals or may be subject to FDA or comparable non-U.S. enforcement actions. We may be unable to obtain future regulatory clearance or approval in a timely manner, or at all, especially if existing regulations are changed or new regulations are adopted. For example, the FDA’s clearance or approval process can take longer than anticipated due to requests for additional clinical data and changes in regulatory requirements. Any failure or delay in obtaining necessary regulatory clearances or approvals would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our Symphony platform may be sold as a research use only product. The FDA could disagree with this strategy and subject the product to regulation as a regulated medical device, which could increase our costs and delay our commercialization efforts, thereby materially and adversely affecting our business and results of operations.
In the United States, we may decide to label and sell our Symphony platform for research use only, and not for the diagnosis or treatment of disease. Our future product candidates also may follow this same pathway to market. Because such products are not intended for use in clinical practice in diagnostics, and the products cannot include clinical or diagnostic claims, they are exempt from many regulatory requirements otherwise applicable to medical devices. In particular, while FDA regulations require that RUO products be labeled, “For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures,” the regulations do not otherwise subject such products to the FDA’s pre- and post-market controls for medical devices.
A significant change in the laws governing RUO products or how they are enforced may require us to change our ability to consider generating revenue via this path in order to maintain compliance. For instance, in November 2013 the FDA issued a guidance document entitled “Distribution of In Vitro Diagnostic Products Labeled for Research Use Only or Investigational Use Only” (the “RUO Guidance”) which highlights the FDA’s interpretation that distribution of RUO products with any labeling, advertising or promotion that suggests that clinical laboratories can validate the test through their own procedures and subsequently offer it for clinical diagnostic use as a laboratory developed test is in conflict with RUO status. The RUO Guidance further articulates the FDA’s position that any assistance offered in performing clinical validation or verification, or similar specialized technical support, to clinical laboratories, conflicts with RUO status. If we engage in any activities that the FDA deems to be in conflict with the RUO status held by the products that we sell, we may be subject to immediate, severe and broad FDA enforcement action that would adversely affect our ability to continue operations. Accordingly, if the FDA finds that we are distributing our RUO products in a manner that is inconsistent with its regulations or guidance, we may be forced to stop distribution of our RUO tests until we are in compliance, which would reduce our revenue, increase our costs and adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the FDA’s proposed implementation for a new framework for the regulation of laboratory developed tests (LDTs) may negatively impact the LDT market and thereby reduce demand for RUO products.
Clinical data obtained in the future may not meet the required objectives, which could delay, limit or prevent any regulatory approval.
There can be no assurance that we will successfully complete any clinical evaluations necessary to receive regulatory approvals. While preliminary results have been encouraging and indicative of the potential performance of our Symphony platform and test cartridges, data already obtained, or in the future obtained, from clinical studies do not necessarily predict the results that will be obtained from later clinical evaluations. The failure to adequately demonstrate the performance characteristics of the device under development could delay or prevent regulatory approval of the device, which could prevent or result in delays to market launch and could materially harm our business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to receive approval for any potential applications of our principal technology, or that we will receive regulatory clearances from targeted regions or countries.
We may be unable to complete required clinical evaluations, or we may experience significant delays in completing such clinical evaluations, which could prevent or significantly delay our targeted product launch timeframe and impair our viability and business plan.
The completion of any future clinical evaluations of our Symphony platform or test cartridges, or other studies that we may be required to undertake in the future, could be delayed, suspended, or terminated for several reasons, including:
● we may fail to or be unable to conduct the clinical evaluation in accordance with regulatory requirements;
● sites participating in the trial may drop out of the trial, which may require us to engage new sites for an expansion of the number of sites that are permitted to be involved in the trial;
● patients may not enroll in, remain in or complete, the clinical evaluation at the rates we expect; and
● clinical investigators may not perform our clinical evaluation on our anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical evaluation protocol and good clinical practices.
If our clinical evaluations are delayed it will take us longer to ultimately launch our Symphony platform and test cartridges in the market and generate revenues. Moreover, our development costs will increase if we have material delays in our clinical evaluation or if we need to perform more or larger clinical evaluations than planned.
We and our suppliers may not meet regulatory quality standards applicable to our manufacturing processes, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As a medical device manufacturer, we will need to register with the FDA and various non-U.S. regulatory agencies and will be subject to periodic inspection by the FDA and foreign regulatory agencies, for compliance with certain Good Manufacturing Practices, including design controls, product validation and verification, in process testing, quality control and documentation procedures. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements is subject to continual review and is rigorously monitored through periodic inspections by the FDA and foreign regulatory agencies. Our product and component suppliers may also be required to meet certain standards applicable to their manufacturing processes.
We cannot assure you that we or our products or component suppliers will comply with all regulatory requirements. The failure by us or one of our suppliers to achieve or maintain compliance with these requirements or quality standards may disrupt our ability to supply products sufficient to meet demand until compliance is achieved or, until a new supplier has been identified and evaluated. Our or any product or component supplier’s failure to comply with applicable regulations could cause sanctions to be imposed on us, including warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure of regulatory authorities to grant marketing approval of our products, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals or clearances, license revocation, seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, which could harm our business. We cannot assure you that if we need to engage new suppliers to satisfy our business requirements, we can locate new suppliers in compliance with regulatory requirements at a reasonable cost and in an acceptable timeframe. Our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be liable if the FDA or another regulatory agency concludes that we have engaged in the off-label promotion of our products.
Our promotional materials and training methods must comply with FDA and other applicable laws and regulations, including the prohibition of the promotion of the off-label use of our products. Once our products are cleared or approved for clinical use, healthcare providers may use our products for off-label uses, as the FDA does not restrict or regulate a physician’s choice of treatment within the practice of medicine. However, if the FDA determines that our promotional, or training materials for sales representatives or physicians constitute promotion of an off-label use, the FDA could request that we modify our training, promotional materials and/or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance of an untitled letter, a warning letter, injunction, seizure, disgorgement of profits, significant penalties, including civil fines and criminal penalties. Other federal, state or foreign governmental authorities also might take action if they consider our promotion, reimbursement or training materials to constitute promotion of an off-label use, which could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement. In those possible events, our reputation could be damaged, and adoption of the products would be impaired.
Our products may be subject to recalls after receiving FDA or foreign approval or clearance or cause or contribute to a death or a serious injury or malfunction in certain ways prompting voluntary corrective actions or agency enforcement actions, which could divert managerial and financial resources, harm our reputation, and adversely affect our business.
The FDA and similar foreign governmental authorities have the authority to require the recall of our products because of any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or defects in design or manufacture, or if there is a reasonable likelihood our products might cause or contribute to a death or a serious injury or malfunction. A government mandated or voluntary product recall by us could occur because of, for example, component failures, device malfunctions or other adverse events, such as serious injuries or deaths, or quality-related issues, such as manufacturing errors or design or labeling defects. Any future recalls of our products could divert managerial and financial resources, harm our reputation, and adversely affect our business.
If we initiate a correction or removal for one of our devices to reduce a risk to health posed by the device, we would be required to submit a publicly available Correction and Removal report to the FDA and, in many cases, similar reports to other regulatory agencies. This report could be classified by the FDA as a device recall which could lead to increased scrutiny by the FDA, other international regulatory agencies and our customers regarding the quality and safety of our devices. Furthermore, the submission of these reports has been and could be used by competitors against us in competitive situations and cause customers to delay purchase decisions or cancel orders and would harm our reputation.
In addition, we will be subject to medical device reporting regulations that will require us to report to the FDA or similar foreign governmental authorities if one of our products may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or if we become aware that it has malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction recurred. Failures to properly identify reportable events or to file timely reports, as well as failure to address each of the observations to the FDA’s satisfaction, can subject us to sanctions and penalties, including warning letters and recalls. Physicians, hospitals, and other healthcare providers may make similar reports to regulatory authorities. Any such reports may trigger an investigation by the FDA or similar foreign regulatory bodies, which could divert managerial and financial resources, harm our reputation, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any adverse event involving our products also could result in future voluntary corrective actions, such as recalls or customer notifications, or agency action, such as inspection or enforcement action. Any corrective action, whether voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, would require our time and capital, distract management from operating our business and may harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Legislative or regulatory reforms may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory clearance or approval of any future products and to manufacture, market and distribute our products after clearance or approval is obtained.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the regulatory approval, manufacture and marketing of regulated products or the reimbursement thereof. In addition, the FDA may change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay approval or clearance of our future products under development or impact our ability to modify our currently cleared products on a timely basis. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of planned or future products. It is impossible to predict whether legislative changes will be enacted, or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed, and what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.
FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new statutes, regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of any future products or make it more difficult to obtain clearance or approval for, manufacture, market or distribute our products. We cannot determine what effect changes in regulations, statutes, legal interpretation or policies, when and if promulgated, enacted or adopted may have on our business in the future. Such changes could, among other things, require additional testing prior to obtaining clearance or approval; changes to manufacturing methods; recall, replacement or discontinuance of our products; or additional record keeping.
Any change in the laws or regulations that govern the clearance and approval processes relating to our current, planned and future products could make it more difficult and costly to obtain clearance or approval for new products or to produce, market and distribute existing products. Significant delays in receiving clearance or approval or the failure to receive clearance or approval for any new products would have an adverse effect on our ability to expand our business. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing clearance that we may have obtained and we may not achieve or sustain profitability.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
We depend on intellectual property licensed from Toray, and any dispute over the license would significantly harm our business.
We are dependent on the intellectual property licensed from Toray. Disputes may arise between us and Toray regarding intellectual property subject to our license agreement with Toray. If disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on acceptable terms or are insufficient to provide us the necessary rights to use the intellectual property, we may be unable to successfully develop and launch our Symphony platform and our other product candidates. If we or Toray fail to adequately protect this intellectual property, our ability to launch our products in the market could be limited. For so long as we are dependent on the intellectual property covered by the license agreement for the pursuit of our business, any such disputes relating to the license agreement or failure to protect the intellectual property could threaten our viability.
We will depend primarily on Toray to file, prosecute, maintain, defend and enforce intellectual property that we license from it and that is material to our business.
The key underlying intellectual property relating to our Symphony platform is owned by Toray. Under our license agreement with Toray, Toray generally has the right to file, prosecute, maintain and defend the intellectual property we have licensed from Toray. If Toray fails to conduct these activities for intellectual property protection covering any of our product candidates, our ability to develop and launch those product candidates may be adversely affected and we may not be able to prevent competitors from making, using or selling competing products. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, Toray generally has the right to control the enforcement of our licensed intellectual property and the defense of any claims asserting the invalidity of that intellectual property. We cannot be certain that Toray will allocate sufficient resources to and otherwise prioritize the enforcement of such intellectual property or the defense of such claims to protect our interests in the licensed intellectual property. In the absence of action by Toray, we may be unable to protect and enforce the proprietary rights on which our business relies. Even if we are not a party to these legal actions, an adverse outcome could harm our business because it might prevent or impede us from continuing to use the licensed intellectual property that we need to operate our business or from realizing the full commercial benefit contemplated by the agreement. In addition, even if we take control of the prosecution of licensed intellectual property and related applications, enforcement of licensed intellectual property, or defense of claims asserting the invalidity of that intellectual property, we may still be adversely affected or prejudiced by actions or inactions of Toray and its counsel that took place prior to or after our assuming control, and we cannot ensure the cooperation of Toray in any such action. Furthermore, if we take action to protect, enforce or defend the licensed intellectual property, we may incur significant costs and the attention of our management may be diverted from our normal business operations. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
We and Toray may be unable to protect or enforce the intellectual property rights licensed to us, which could impair our competitive position.
In order for our business to be viable and to compete effectively, the proprietary rights with respect to the technologies and intellectual property used in our products must be developed and maintained. Toray relies primarily on patent protection and trade secrets to protect its technology and intellectual property rights. There are significant risks associated with Toray’s ability (or our ability, in the absence of action by Toray) to protect the intellectual property licensed to us, including:
● pending intellectual property applications may not be approved or may take longer than expected to result in approval in one or more of the countries in which we operate;
● Toray’s intellectual property rights may not provide meaningful protection;
● other companies may challenge the validity or extent of Toray’s patents and other proprietary intellectual property rights through litigation, oppositions and other proceedings. These proceedings can be protracted as well as unpredictable;
● other companies may have independently developed (or may in the future independently develop) similar or alternative technologies, may duplicate Toray’s technologies or may design their technologies around Toray’s technologies;
● enforcement of intellectual property rights is complex, uncertain and expensive, and may be subject to lengthy delays. In the event we take control of any such action under the our license agreement with Toray, our ability to enforce our intellectual property protection could be limited by our financial resources; and
● the other risks described in “- Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.”
If any of Toray’s patents or other intellectual property rights fail to protect the technology licensed by us, it would make it easier for our competitors to offer similar products. Any inability on Toray’s part (or on our part, in the absence of action by Toray) to adequately protect its intellectual property may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the patents we rely on are generally set to expire within the next five years, which could have a material impact on the future of our products.
We and/or Toray may be subject to claims alleging the violation of the intellectual property rights of others.
We may face significant expense and liability as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to intellectual property rights of others. In the event that another party has intellectual property protection relating to an invention or technology licensed by us from Toray, we and/or Toray may be required to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the regulatory authorities to determine priority of invention, which could result in substantial uncertainties and costs for us, even if the eventual outcome was favorable to us. We and/or Toray also could be required to participate in interference proceedings involving intellectual property of another entity. An adverse outcome in an interference proceeding could require us and/or Toray to cease using the technology, to substantially modify it or to license rights from prevailing third parties, which could delay or prevent the launch of our products in the market or adversely affect our profitability.
The cost to us of any intellectual property litigation or other proceeding relating the intellectual property licensed by us from Toray, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial, especially given our early stage of development. A third party may claim that we and/or Toray are using inventions claimed by their intellectual property and may go to court to stop us and/or Toray from engaging in our normal operations and activities, such as research, development and the sale of any future products. Such lawsuits are expensive and would consume significant time and other resources. There is a risk that a court will decide that we and/or Toray are infringing the third party’s intellectual property and will order us to stop the activities claimed by the intellectual property. In addition, there is a risk that a court will order us and/or Toray to pay the other party damages for having infringed their intellectual property. Moreover, there is no guarantee that any prevailing intellectual property owner would offer us a license so that we could continue to engage in activities claimed by the intellectual property, or that such a license, if made available to us, could be acquired on commercially acceptable terms.
We and Toray may be subject to claims challenging the invention of the intellectual property that we license from Toray.
We and Toray may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an interest in intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. For example, we and Toray may have inventorship disputes arising from conflicting obligations of consultants or others who are involved in developing our product candidates. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship. If we and Toray fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we and Toray may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, valuable intellectual property. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees. As a result, it is unclear whether and, if so, to what extent employees of ours and Toray may be able to claim compensation with respect to our future revenue. We may receive less revenue from future products if any of our or Toray’s employees successfully claim compensation for their work in developing our intellectual property, which in turn could impact our future profitability.
Risks Related to Our Industry
We face intense competition in the diagnostic testing market, particularly in the IL-6 space, and as a result we may be unable to effectively compete in our industry.
We expect to compete directly and primarily with large medical device companies. These large companies have most of the diagnostic testing business and strong research and development capacity. Their dominant market position and significant control over markets could significantly limit our ability to introduce our Symphony platform or effectively market and generate sales of our products.
We have not yet entered the revenue stage and most of our competitors have long histories and strong reputations within the industry. They have significantly greater brand recognition, financial and human resources than we do. They also have more experience and capabilities in researching and developing testing devices, obtaining and maintaining regulatory clearances and other requirements, manufacturing and marketing those products than we do. There is a significant risk that we may be unable to overcome the advantages held by our competition, and our inability to do so could lead to the failure of our business.
Competition in the diagnostic testing markets is intense, which can lead to, among other things, price reductions, longer selling cycles, lower product margins, loss of market share and additional working capital requirements. To succeed, we must, among other critical matters, gain consumer acceptance for our products, technical solutions, prices and response time, or a combination of these factors. If our competitors offer significant discounts on certain products, we may need to lower our prices or offer other favorable terms in order to compete successfully. Moreover, any broad-based changes to our prices and pricing policies could make it difficult to generate revenues or cause our revenues, if established, to decline. Moreover, if our competitors develop and commercialize products that are more desirable than the products that we may develop, we may not convince customers to use our products. Any such changes would likely reduce our commercial opportunity and revenue potential and could materially adversely impact our operating results.
If we or Toray fail to respond quickly to technological developments, our products may become uncompetitive and obsolete.
The diagnostic testing market may experience rapid technology developments, changes in industry standards, changes in customer requirements and frequent new product introductions and improvements. If we or Toray are unable to respond to these developments, we may lose competitive position, and our products or technology may become uncompetitive or obsolete, causing our business and prospects to suffer. In order to compete, we and Toray may have to develop, license or acquire new technology on a schedule that keeps pace with technological developments and the requirements for products addressing a broad spectrum and designers and designer expertise in our industries.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Sales of substantial amounts of our securities in the public market could depress the market price of our common stock.
Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, including the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Class C Warrants and Class D Warrants issued in the public offering that we consummated in June 2024, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our securities could fall and we may be unable to sell our securities in the future.
We could issue “blank check” preferred stock without stockholder approval with the effect of diluting interests of then-current stockholders and impairing their voting rights, and provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage a takeover that stockholders may consider favorable.
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides for the authorization to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock with designations, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue one or more series of preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights which could dilute the interest of, or impair the voting power of, our common stockholders. The issuance of a series of preferred stock could be used as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control. For example, it would be possible for our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of our Company. In addition, advanced notice is required prior to stockholder proposals, which might further delay a change of control.
Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market for our common stock.
The price of our common stock could decline if there are substantial sales of our common stock, particularly sales by our significant stockholders, or when there is a large number of shares of our common stock available for sale.
Our existing stockholders (including the holders of warrants) may be eligible to sell all or some of their shares of common stock by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market, subject to the limitations of Rule 144, promulgated under the Securities Act. In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, once we have been subject to public company reporting requirements for at least 90 days, a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates for purposes of the Securities Act at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, is entitled to sell those shares without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144, subject to compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, then that person is entitled to sell those shares without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144. Our affiliates and other persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates also are entitled to sell as long as they comply with Rule 144’s manner of sale, volume limitation and notice provisions, in addition to the provisions applicable to non-affiliates described above.
The market price of the shares of our common stock could decline as a result of the sale of a substantial number of our shares of common stock in the public market or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares.
We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments. There is no guarantee that shares of our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which our stockholders have purchased their shares.
If securities industry analysts do not publish research reports on us, or publish unfavorable reports on us, then the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected.
Any trading market for our common stock will be influenced in part by any research reports that securities industry analysts publish about us. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities industry analysts. If no securities industry analysts commence coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected. In the event we are covered by analysts, and one or more of such analysts downgrade our securities, or otherwise reports on us unfavorably, or discontinues coverage or us, the market price and market trading volume of our common stock could be negatively affected.
As an “emerging growth company” under applicable law, we are subject to lessened disclosure requirements, which could leave our stockholders without information or rights available to stockholders of other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.”
For as long as we remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we have elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to:
● not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
● reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and
● exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (1) December 31, 2026, (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which is the end of the fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the end of our most recent second fiscal quarter, and (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.
Because of these lessened regulatory requirements, our stockholders would be left without information or rights available to stockholders of other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” In addition, we cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may suffer or be more volatile.
Because we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an “emerging growth company” our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. While we are not currently delaying the implementation of any relevant accounting standards, in the future we may avail ourselves of these rights, and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. Because our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates, investors may have difficulty evaluating or comparing our business, performance or prospects in comparison to other public companies, which may have a negative impact on the value and liquidity of our common stock.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our Company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.
We are a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in our management or control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws will:
● provide for the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our Board of Directors to thwart a takeover attempt;
● provide that stockholders will not be able to take action by written consent, and special meetings of stockholders may only be called by our Chief Executive Officer, our President, our Board of Directors or a majority of our stockholders;
● provide that our stockholders are required to provide advance notice and additional disclosures in order to nominate individuals for election to our Board of Directors or to propose matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our Company; and
● do not provide stockholders with the ability to cumulate their votes, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates.
These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock.
We will continue incurring increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is now required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.
Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market in November 2021. As a public company, and particularly after we are no longer an EGC, we are incurring and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the NASDAQ Global Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. These requirements result in significant legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This results in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have material adverse effect on our business and stock price, and our limited internal staffing may enhance the likelihood of such a controls failure. To reduce expenses, our President and Chief Executive Officer, in addition to serving as principal executive officer, currently serves as our principal financial and accounting officer, and we have no employees devoted on a full-time basis to our finance, accounting, legal or compliance functions, which may substantially increase the likelihood that we will fail to successfully maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, or effective disclosure controls and procedures.
Pursuant to SOX Section 404 we are required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K with the SEC since becoming a public company, including an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. However, while we remain an EGC, we are not required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To comply with SOX Section 404, we document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we have and will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, we may identify one or more material weaknesses (as we did in connection with the preparation of this Form 10-K, as described below), which could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. Neil Dey, our President and Chief Executive Officer, serves as our principal financial and accounting officer, in addition to serving as our principal executive officer, and Mr. Dey is not a certified public accountant. We also do not presently employ an internal legal officer. Our lack of a directly employed principal financial and accounting officer or principal legal officer may increase the likelihood that we will fail to successfully maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, or effective disclosure controls and procedures.
We recently identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, and our business and stock price may be adversely affected if our internal control over financial reporting is not effective.
In connection with the preparation and finalization of this Form 10-K, our independent registered public accounting firm identified an issue with respect to the Company’s application of provisions of the Accounting Standards Codification of the FASB related to the accounting and valuation of certain warrants. In particular, in June 2024, the Company issued Class C and Class D warrants that contained “reset” features that caused the exercise prices and number of shares of Company common stock issuable upon exercise to increase following stockholder approval of such warrants in August 2024 and changes in the market price of our common stock that were measured in the period that immediately followed. Under applicable accounting guidance, upon reset, the Company should have recorded in its consolidated statement of operations the “deemed dividend on warrant modification” and “net loss applicable to common stockholders,” in each case, below the presentation of net loss. In addition, these non-book entry line items were not included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024. As a result of the foregoing, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting arising from a lack of sufficient internal accounting expertise at the Company.
As previously discussed, if we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls or if management or our independent registered public accounting firm were to discover additional material weaknesses in our internal controls, we may be unable to produce reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, which could harm our financial condition and operating results, and could result in a loss of investor confidence and a decline in our stock price.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will require, to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to limited exceptions, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against directors, officers and employees for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel in any action brought to enforce the exclusive forum provision. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. In addition, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will provide that the Court of Chancery and the federal district court for the District of Delaware will have concurrent jurisdiction over any action arising under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. To the extent the exclusive forum provision restricts the courts in which our stockholders may bring claims arising under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision. Investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
This exclusive forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. By requiring a stockholder to bring such a claim in the Court of Chancery (or the federal district court for the District of Delaware, in the case of an action under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder), the exclusive forum provision also may increase the costs to a stockholder of bringing such a claim. Alternatively, if a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We have leased two facilities in Acton, Massachusetts, one which is month-to-month beginning March 2025 and the other will expire in March 2027.
Our President and Chief Executive Officer and his spouse, who is also a director of our Company, serve as officers and/or directors of two business entities that are unaffiliated with us (Canary, Inc. and Laminar Pharma, Inc.), and we permit these entities to use our main facility as their registered business address.
Our Chief Technology Officer majority owned business entity (NanoHybrids, Inc.) is permitted to use our laboratory facility. We bill such entity for the part-time use of our personnel at a rate of the respective employee’s fully burdened personnel cost, plus an additional 10% fee for use of the facility.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time in the ordinary course of our business, we may be involved in legal proceedings, the outcomes of which may not be determinable. The results of litigation are inherently unpredictable. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management time and result in diversion of significant resources. However, we are currently not a party to any pending legal actions. We have insurance policies covering any potential losses where such coverage is cost effective.
We are not at this time involved in any additional legal proceedings that we believe could have a material effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BJDX”.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in any financing instruments, provisions of applicable law and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.
Holders of Common Stock
As of March 21, 2025, we had 554,012 shares of common stock outstanding held by approximately fifteen stockholders of record. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
See Part III, Item 12 to this Form 10-K for information relating to securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. RESERVED

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. For additional discussion, see “CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS” above.
Overview
We are a clinical-stage medical diagnostics company developing rapid tests using whole blood on our Symphony platform (“Symphony”) to improve patient outcomes in critical care settings. Our Symphony technology platform is an exclusively licensed, patented system that consists of a mobile device and single-use test cartridges that if cleared, authorized, or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), could provide a solution to a significant market need in the United States. Clinical trials indicate Symphony produces laboratory-quality results in less than 20 minutes in critical care settings, including Intensive Care Units (“ICUs”) and Emergency Rooms (“ERs”), where rapid and reliable results are required.
Since inception, we have incurred net losses from operations each year and we expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We incurred net losses of approximately $7.7 million and $10.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We had negative cash flow from operating activities of approximately $7.5 million and $8.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of approximately $34.7 million and $26.95 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:
For Years Ended
December 31,
Operating expenses:
Research and development $ 3,471,671 $ 5,714,574
General and administrative 3,689,648 4,313,200
Sales and marketing 8,297 283,443
Total operating expenses 7,169,616 10,311,217
Operating loss (7,169,616 ) (10,311,217 )
Other income (expense):
Interest expense (823,028 ) -
Interest income 145,823 164,900
Other income, net 129,027 192,429
Total other income (expense) (548,178 ) 357,329
Net loss $ (7,717,794 ) $ (9,953,888 )
Research and development
Research and development expenses decreased approximately $2.2 million, or 39%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 2023. The decrease in research and development expenses was primarily due to a $0.5 million decrease in personnel related costs, a $0.8 million decrease in depreciation expense, and a $1.1 million decrease in product development costs, which was partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in clinical development costs.
The decrease in research and development expenses was primarily due to a reduction in technology transfer efforts which offset increased clinical trial expenses. We expect future research and development expenses to be focused on costs specifically associated with our clinical trial program supporting our regulatory strategy, technology transfer efforts and any necessary manufacturing improvements.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.6 million, or 14%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 2023. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to the cost reduction efforts focused on reducing personnel and other administrative costs.
We expect to monitor and continue to reduce our general and administrative spend, as necessary, to optimize operational alignment.
Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses decreased approximately $0.3 million, or 97%, for year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 2023. The low sales and marketing expenses in 2024 are due to a reduction in spending in all sales and marketing efforts.
Other income (expense)
Total other income (expense) decreased approximately $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023. The decreases primarily related to the $0.8 million increase in interest expense associated with the Bridge Note Financing.
Summary Statement of Cash Flows
The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for each of the periods presented.
Years Ended
December 31,
Cash proceeds provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ (7,819,769 ) $ (8,313,870 )
Investing activities (306,783 ) (704,166 )
Financing activities 10,219,981 1,111,562
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 2,093,429 $ (7,906,474 )
Net cash used in operating activities
During 2024, we used approximately $7.8 million in cash for operating activities, a decrease of approximately $0.5 million from 2023. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to a decrease in the net loss and partially offset by the timing of payments to vendors and other decreases in working capital during 2024.
Net cash used in investing activities
During 2024, we used approximately $0.3 million in cash for investing activities, an approximately $0.4 million decrease from 2023. The Company acquired laboratory equipment and manufacturing equipment for the development of the Symphony devices in both 2024 and 2023.
Net cash provided by financing activities
During 2024, we generated approximately $10.2 million in cash from financing activities, as compared to $1.1 million in 2023. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to the proceeds from our public offerings in January 2024 and June 2024 as compared to our private placement of common stock in August 2023.
Contractual Obligations
See Note 9 to consolidated financial statements for our lease obligations and Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for our other non-cancellable contractual obligations.
Liquidity and Going Concern
The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $4,301,945 and current liabilities of $810,368 on its balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. The Company has incurred net losses since its inception, and has negative cash flows from operations and had an accumulated deficit of $34,668,784 as of December 31, 2024. The Company continues to develop its Symphony device and its first test for the measurement of IL-6. The Company remains committed to obtaining FDA clearance and hopes to conduct clinical trials to obtain sufficient data to support its FDA submission, while also continuing to build its manufacturing operations with its contract manufacturing organizations. Current cash resources and expected operating expenses are considered in determining its liquidity requirements. The Company estimates cash resources will be sufficient to fund its operations up to the third quarter of 2025. The Company will need additional capital to fund its planned operations for the next 12 months. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date these financial statements are issued.
The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The Company expects that it will seek to raise such additional capital through public or private equity offerings, grant financing and support from governmental agencies, convertible debt, collaborations, strategic alliances and distribution arrangements. Additional funds may not be available when it needs them on terms that are acceptable to them, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, it may be required to delay its FDA regulatory strategy, and to delay or reduce the scope of its research or development programs, its commercialization efforts or its manufacturing commitments and capacity. In addition, if it raises additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or distribution arrangements with third parties, it may have to relinquish valuable rights to its technologies or future revenue streams.
Recent Offerings
August 2023 Offering
On August 24, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors (the “Purchase Agreement”) relating to the registered direct offering and sale of 540 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2,946.00 per share (the “Offering”).
In a concurrent private placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 540 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrants”). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in this offering an accompanying Warrant was issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”) at an exercise price of $2,896.00 per share, will be immediately exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The Warrants were offered and sold at a purchase price of $50.00 per underlying warrant share, which purchase price is included in the offering price per share of Common Stock issued in the Offering (the “Private Placement”).
Pursuant to an engagement letter, dated as of August 7, 2023, between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, or the placement agent, the Company paid the placement agent a total cash fee of $111,359 equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds received in the Offering and the Private Placement. The Company also agreed to pay the placement agent in connection with the Offering and the Private Placement a management fee equal to $15,908 or 1.0% of the gross proceeds raised in the Offering and Private Placement, $45,000 for non-accountable expenses, and $15,950 for clearing fees. In addition, the Company agreed to issue to the placement agent, or its designees, warrants to purchase up to 36 shares of Common Stock (the “Placement Agent Warrants”), which represents 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock sold in the Offering. The Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the Warrants, except that the Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $3,684.00, or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock sold in the Offering, and a term of five years from the commencement of the sales pursuant to the Offering.
The gross proceeds to the Company from the Offering and the Private Placement are $1,590,840. The Company incurred offering costs of $413,544.
January 2024 Offering
On January 2, 2024, the Company sold in a public offering (such transaction, the “January 2024 Offering”) (i) 1,344 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (ii) prefunded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 5,386 shares of Common Stock (the “January Prefunded Warrants”). The Shares and January Prefunded Warrants were sold together with warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,730 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $520.00 per share (the “January 2024 Warrants”). The combined public offering price was $520.00 per share of Common Stock and related January 2024 Warrant and $519.96 per January Prefunded Warrant and related January 2024 Warrant.
As of December 31, 2024, all January Prefunded Warrants have been exercised in full. The January 2024 Warrants are exercisable for a period of five years following the date of issuance.
Pursuant to an engagement letter, dated as of August 7, 2023, as amended October 11, 2023, by and between the Company and the Placement Agent, the Company paid the Placement Agent a total cash fee of $245,000 equal to 7.0% of the gross proceeds received in the January 2024 Offering. The Company also paid the Placement Agent in connection with the January Offering a management fee of $35,000 equal to 1.0% of the gross proceeds raised in the January 2024 Offering and certain expenses incurred in connection with the January Offering. In addition, the Company issued to the Placement Agent, warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 471 shares of Common Stock (the “January 2024 Placement Agent Warrants”), which represents 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock and Prefunded Warrants sold in the January 2024 Offering. The January 2024 Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the January 2024 Warrants, except that the January 2024 Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $650.00, or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock and related January 2024 Warrant sold in the January Offering and expire on the fifth anniversary from the date of the commencement of sales in the January 2024 Offering.
The gross proceeds to the Company from the January 2024 Offering were $3,500,000. The Company incurred offering costs of $711,031.
May 2024 Bridge Note Financing
On May 31, 2024, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor (the “NPA”), and a Securities Purchase Agreement with three accredited investors (the “SPA”). Under the terms of the NPA, the investor provided the Company with a $1,000,000 cash subscription in exchange for the issuance of a senior secured note. As of December 31, 2024, a total of $1,176,470 was repaid to the NPA investors. The difference between such note and the subscription amount, initially recorded as a discount on the notes, was the result of the discount factor included in the NPA of approximately 17.6%.
Under the terms of the SPA, the three investors agreed to collectively provide the Company with a separate $1,000,000 cash subscription in exchange for the issuance of senior secured notes ($333,333 each), and the collective issuance of 1,451 shares of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of the common stock issued in connection with the SPA was $307,563. As of December 31, 2024, a total of $1,111,110 was repaid to the SPA investors. The difference between such notes and the subscription amounts, initially recorded as a discount on the notes, was the result of the discount factor included in the SPA of 11.11%.
Interest expense recorded on the NPA and SPAs was $807,797 for the year ended December 31, 2024, including debt issuance costs related to the NPA and SPA totaling $212,654.
June 2024 Offering
On June 28, 2024, the Company sold in a public offering ( the “June 2024 Offering”), (i) 11,541 common units (the “Common Units”), each consisting of one share of common stock, two Class C Warrants and one Class D Warrant and (ii) 95,815 prefunded warrants (the “Prefunded Units”), each consisting of one prefunded warrant to purchase one share of common stock (each, a “Prefunded Warrant”), two Class C Warrants and one Class D Warrant to purchase Common Shares. Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis” or, the “Underwriter”) partially exercised its over-allotment option in respect to 13,573 Class C Warrants and 6,787 Class D Warrants (the “Over-Allotment Warrants”). The Common Units were sold at a price of $81.50 per unit and the Prefunded Warrants were sold at a price of $81.495 per unit. As of December 31, 2024, all Prefunded Warrants have been exercised in full.
Pursuant to an engagement letter dated June 6, 2024, by and between the Company and Aegis, the Company paid Aegis a total cash fee of $743,750 equal to 8.5% of the gross proceeds received in the June 2024 Offering.
The gross proceeds to the Company from the June 2024 Offering were $8,569,075. The Company incurred offering costs of $1,133,419.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Some of our critical accounting policies require us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments or estimates. An accounting estimate is considered to be critical if it meets both of the following criteria: (i) the estimate requires assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate is made, and (ii) different estimates reasonably could have been used, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period may have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations.
As an emerging growth company, we have elected to opt-in to the extended transition period for new or revised accounting standards. As a result, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates.
See Note 2 to consolidated financial statements for a summary of significant accounting policies.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
See Note 2 to consolidated financial statements (under the caption “Recently Issued Accounting Standards”).
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 2 to consolidated financial statements (under the caption “Recently Issued Accounting Standards”).

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Information requested by this Item is not applicable as we are electing scaled disclosure requirements available to Smaller Reporting Companies with respect to this Item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our Consolidated Financial Statements and The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in this Form 10-K on pages through.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our President and Chief Executive Officer, who serves as our principal executive officer and our principal financial and accounting officer, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2024.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our President and Chief Executive Officer, who serves as our principal executive officer and our principal financial and accounting officer, has conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, our President and Chief Executive Officer used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO, in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on that assessment and using the COSO criteria, our President and Chief Executive Officer have concluded that, as a result of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting arising from a lack of sufficient internal accounting expertise at the Company, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024.
The foregoing determination was made in connection with the preparation and finalization of this Form 10-K. In connection therewith, our independent registered public accounting firm identified an issue with respect to the Company’s application of provisions of the Accounting Standards Codification of the FASB related to the accounting and valuation of certain warrants. In particular, in June 2024, the Company issued Class C and Class D warrants that contained “reset” features that caused the exercise prices and number of shares of Company common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants to increase following stockholder approval of such warrants in August 2024 and changes in the market price of our common stock that were measured in the period that immediately followed. Under applicable accounting guidance, upon reset, the Company should have recorded in its consolidated statement of operations the “deemed dividend on warrant modification” and “net loss applicable to common stockholders,” in each case, below the presentation of net loss. In addition, these non-book entry line items were not included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024.
Notwithstanding the material weaknesses, management has concluded that the financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. In addition, the Company intends to include an “out-of-period adjustment” in its upcoming Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025 to provide these additional non-book entry line item amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.
Plan to Remediate Material Weakness
As noted above, our President and Chief Executive Officer currently serves as our principal executive officer, and our principal financial and accounting officer, and has done so since we separated with our prior Chief Financial Officer in October 2023 and our prior Interim Chief Financial Officer in March 2024. Our President and Chief Financial Officer, who is not a certified public accountant and does not have a prior background in public accounting, works with external and internal consultants in preparing and reviewing the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As a result of the material weakness determination that occurred in connection with the preparation of this Form 10-K, we plan to enhance our processes by designing and implementing controls to review the results of valuations and estimates, including the completeness and accuracy of relevant data elements included in the valuation or estimate. We also plan, subject to the availability of sufficient financial resources in the future, to engage additional qualified resources and/or hire additional staff to ensure these incremental controls are properly implemented and to ensure proper segregation of duties around the review of manual journal entries.
Management is currently evaluating steps to remediate the material weaknesses, including enhanced processes to identify and appropriately apply applicable accounting requirements to better evaluate and understand the nuances of the complex accounting standards that apply to our consolidated financial statements. This includes providing enhanced access to accounting literature, research materials, and documents, and increasing communication among our personnel and third-party professionals with whom we consult regarding complex accounting applications.
When fully implemented and operational, we believe the measures described above will remediate the underlying causes of the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weakness and will strengthen our internal control over financial reporting. However, remediation efforts are expected to continue into future fiscal quarters. Further, we will not be able to fully remediate this material weakness until these steps have been completed and have been operating effectively for a sufficient period of time. We may also identify additional measures that may be required to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, necessitating further action.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Other than the material weakness determination described above and the commencement of the Company’s remediation activities in connection therewith, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations of Controls
Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or deterioration in the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth information regarding our equity compensation plans at December 31, 2024:
Plan category Number of securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights
(a)
Weighted-
average exercise
price
of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights
(b)
Number of securities
(by class) remaining
available for future
issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))
(c)
﻿Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) $ 14,902.00
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (2) $ 7,180.00 -
(1) Represents shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options and rights under our 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) and 2021 Stock Plan (the “2021 Plan”). Both plans permit the Company to grant incentive and nonqualified stock options for the purchase of common stock, and restricted stock awards. The maximum number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan and 2021 Plan are 79 and 245, respectively. At December 31, 2024 there were 35 and 101 shares of common stock available for grant under the 2018 Plan and 2021 Plan, respectively.
(2) Consists of warrants issued to placement agents, underwriters and consultants.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1) Financial Statements-See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements at Part II, Item 8 on page of this Form 10-K.
(2) All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or not required or because the information is included elsewhere in the financial statements or the Notes thereto.
(3) See the accompanying Index to Exhibits filed as a part of this Form 10-K, which list is incorporated by reference in this Item.
(b) See the accompanying Index to Exhibits filed as a part of this Form 10-K.
(c) Other schedules are not applicable.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No.
Description of Document
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
3.2
Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc., filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on July 21, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2023).
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc., filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 14, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2024).
3.4
Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc., filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on June 17, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 20, 2024).
3.5
Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc., filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on August 28, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2024).
3.6
Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc., filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 15, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2024).
3.7
Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
3.8
Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 16, 2024).
4.1
Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
4.2
Form of Prefunded Common Stock Warrant (January 2024 Offering) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024).
4.3
Form of Common Stock Warrant (January 2024 Offering (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024).
4.4
Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024).
4.5
Form of Common Stock (August 2023 Offering) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 28, 2023).
4.6
Form of Class A Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2021).
4.7
Form of Class B Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
4.8
Form of Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
4.9
Form of IPO Underwriters’ Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
4.10*
Description of Securities of Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc.
4.11
Form of Prefunded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-280253), filed on June 17, 2024).
4.12
Form of Class C Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-280253), filed on June 17, 2024).
4.13
Form of Class D Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-280253), filed on June 17, 2024).
10.1**
2021 Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
10.2**
Employment Agreement, dated July 1, 2021, between Neil Dey and Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
10.3**
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated January 27, 2023, between Neil Dey and Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 27, 2023).
10.4**
Employment Agreement, dated July 1, 2021, between Jason Cook and Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. * (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
10.5
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 27, 2023, between certain purchasers and Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024).
10.6
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 24, 2023, by and between the Company and each of the Purchasers signatory thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on August 28, 2023).
10.7
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 7, 2021, between certain purchasers and Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
10.8
Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 7, 2021, between certain purchasers and Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
10.9
Amended and Restated License Agreement, entered into on October 23, 2023, by and between Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. and Toray Industries, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 26, 2023).
10.10
Master Supply Agreement, entered into on October 23, 2023, by and between Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. and Toray Industries, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 26, 2023).
10.11
Form of Note Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2024).
10.12
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2024).
10.13
Form of Senior Secured Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2024).
10.14
Underwriting Agreement, dated June 27, 2024, between Aegis and Bluejay Diagnostics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 28, 2024).
14.1
Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
19.1*
Insider Trading Policy.
21.1
List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260029), filed on October 4, 2021).
31.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1
Incentive Compensation Recovery Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 28, 2024)
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)
* Filed herewith.
** Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.